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WordPress Functionality Plugins
The following is a guest post by Jason Witt. I've known for quite a while that I should port a lot of the stuff from my `functions.php` in my WordPress theme into a functionality plugin. But you know, hours in the day and all that. I recently had Jason work on this project for me, and he did a bang up job. If you have no idea what I'm talking about, read on.
Adding new functionality to a WordPress site can be as easy as searching for a plugin in the WordPress Plugin Repository and installing that plugin. But there is some custom functionality you might need that is either too basic or too customized for there to be a plugin for it. That's where the `functions.php` file comes in. It's essentially a functionality dumping grounds for a theme.
But some of the code we tend to put there would be better served elsewhere.
The `functions.php` file is an easy place to add things like theme support options, custom post types, enqueue JavaScript, and (really) anything else you can think of. For years this has been the de facto way of adding custom functionality to you WordPress theme. In the past couple of years there's has been a movement of taking the functionality you'd normally put in the `functions.php` file moving it out into a "functionality plugin".
What is a Functionality Plugin?
A functionality plugin is just a plugin like any other plugin you'd find in the WordPress Plugin Repository. The main difference is that it wouldn't be publicly distributed, because it's specific to your site. It's one custom plugin that encompasses all your site's custom functionality.
What's So Great About a Functionality Plugin?
Why would you want to spend the time building a plugin when putting your functionality in your `functions.php` file is so easy? The big advantage is that you can reuse your functionality from theme to theme. When updating/changing your theme, some code in the `functions.php` will stay the same and some will change. The idea behind a functionality plugin is to take the functionality that will not change from theme to theme, and place it into a plugin. That way instead of sorting through your `functions.php` file for what you want to keep, you can just dive into the design of your new theme.
What Goes Into the Plugin?
This is the million dollar question. What does actually go into a functionality plugin? The best way to approach this is to decide what is specific to the theme and what is specific to the site. For instance, a custom post type would be specific to a site, and adding thumbnail support is specific to a theme.
Let's pause on that for a moment so it can be super clear.
Imagine your website has a section for meetups on it. You've built a custom post type for them, so they can be a special type of content. On the front end of the site, you display them in a special way. On the back end of the site, you collect special information specific to meetups. Like in this CSS-Tricks video. We'll call that Theme A.
If you change the theme of your site (Theme B), is it likely you'll want your meetups to go away? Probably not. That is site content that you'll likely want to transcend any particular theme.
If you had declared all that custom post types stuff (e.g. register_post_type())in your `functions.php` file of Theme A, then switched to Theme B - you might suffer a minor heart attack when you notice that all your meetups information is gone. Theme A's `functions.php` file is no longer active, so all that code declaring the custom post type no longer runs. The menus are not added to the admin, the content will appear to be gone.
Rest assured, the data is still there, you just need to make sure the custom post types code runs again.
Why go through that at all? Just move that code into a functionality plugin and it will remain active even when switching themes.
Now imagine something different entirely: code in your `functions.php` file that enqueues a JavaScript library. You're probably using that library do things on the front end of your site. That's pretty specific to the theme. Another theme might use different libraries entirely, or none at all. That kind of thing makes sense to be in the `functions.php` file as it's specific to the theme, not the content.
Examples of things that make sense in `functions.php`
• The theme support functions e.g. add_theme_support('post-thumbnails');
• JavaScript related to the front end
• Adding a custom post type to your home page post list
• Registering sidebars and nav menus
• Adding an external CSS file, for instance a custom font
Examples of things that make sense in a functionality plugin:
• Custom post types
• Custom Taxonomies
• Custom functionality for other plugins
• Custom meta fields
• Mostly custom stuff
Getting Started
If you've never make a WordPress plugin before, this is a great way to gain some experience.
To start, you'll make a directory in you plugins directory. Name it whatever you want. Avoid using numbers and special characters; dashes and underscores are OK. I usually go with something mysitename-functionality.
In you new plugin folder create a file with a similar name as the folder, mysitename-functionality.php.
At the top of that file you want to ad the plugin file header information. Here's an example to get you started.
* Plugin Name: Your Functionality Plugin Name
* Plugin URI:
* Description: This is a short description of what the plugin does. It's displayed in the WordPress admin area.
* Version: 1.0.0
* Author: Your Name or Your Company
* Author URI:
* License: GPL-2.0+
* License URI:
* Text Domain: plugin-name
* Domain Path: /languages
After that, go nuts and start adding your functionality below.
You can literally just cut-and-paste code from `functions.php` over to this file, and as long as this plugin is activated, it should work.
Modular Design
If you're like me and like to keep things neat and tidy, this is a great time to use a modular approach to the code you place in your plugin.
One approach to keep things simple is to organize your functionality into similar groups and give each of them their own file. Then, include those files into the main file of the plugin using PHP includes. Make sure you notate your functions so when you return to them at a later date you know what's going on.
include 'mysitename-functionality-post-types.php';
include 'mysitename-functionality-extra-rss-feeds.php';
include 'mysitename-functionality-remove-unwanted-assets.php';
Another approach is to use Object Oriented Programing (OOP). This involves creating PHP classes and methods. If you are not familiar with Object Oriented Programing there's a great tutorial by Tom McFarlin called Object-Oriented Programming in WordPress. You should check it out if you're interested in developing your WordPress coding skills. OOP is a great way to organize your code that'll allow it grow as your functionality needs change.
Real Example
If you'd like to poke around the CSS-Tricks functionality plugin, here's a repo on GitHub you can check out.
After this transition here, the only thing left in the `functions.php` file is queuing up jQuery and a hook that overrides the default HTML comment output - both things very specific to the current theme. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18818 | Month: September 2018
What Does Technology Evolution Mean for the Banking Industry
The increase in technology means convenience and reduction of paper. As tech evolves, there is an app for everything. One of the most seamless ways to transfer and interact with our money is through banking apps and other easy-to-use technologies. Technology means quicker transactions in all industries, but this has been taken advantage of quickly in […]
Read More
Industry Outlook: Is It Time to Give up On the Real Estate Sector?
The insane rising cost of real estate in Australia merits an open conversation. The cost of acquiring a property in Australia’s most thriving cities – namely Melbourne and Sydney – is becoming increasingly prohibitive. Impossible, even. A one-bedder in Sydney will set buyers back roughly $840,000 to $970,000, while two-bedders are going from anywhere between […]
Read More
Is Remote Proctoring the Future of Exam Based Education? Observations and Realities
Standardized tests have become a routine part of modern day education and naturally, they have their benefits and downfalls. Testing students on preset questions based on collective learning resources such as books, articles or class notes makes it a lot easier for teachers and educators to be able to obtain an idea about their students’ […]
Read More |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18837 | Video from CLEAR lab launch event
Yesterday, along with the other faculty members of UVA CLEAR (the Corruption Lab on Ethics, Accountability, and the Rule of Law), I participated in our lab’s big launch event at the Miller Center. The room was packed—it turns out corruption is a hot topic among a certain crowd these days. Who knew? (It was a fun game trying not to mention the T word, the I word, or the U word.)
My contribution to the conversation was to historicize definitions of corruption at a larger scale, all the way back to the London docks in the 1600s and anti-Reconstruction in the 1870s. But academics weren’t what drew the crowd.
Continue reading “Video from CLEAR lab launch event” |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18839 | Jenkins Configuration as Code – Automate your Automation Server
Jenkins Configuration as Code ( is an open source Jenkins plugin that will allow users to keep complete Jenkins configuration in simple configuration file (yaml format). In the talk I’ll briefly present the history behind the plugin, the vision for the future and current status. Then I’ll move to demo section where I’ll show how easy it is to configure and run Jenkins with the help of the plugin.
I’d like to end with short guide for open source enthusiast that would like to contribute to the plugin. The target audience for this talk are Jenkins daily users or administrators but also Java Developers – beginner level is enough – that would like to start to contribute to open source projects.
Ewelina Wilkosz |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18841 | Sucking Cock In Fake Taxi
Dauer: 7min 53s Aufrufe: 6 871 Veröffentlicht: vor 2 Jahren
Beschreibung: She thought this was going to be a normal cab ride, but to her surprise, there is another way of paying. If you don't have cash, you can suck cock for a ride. The cabbie got lucky to pick up such a horny babe with big tits.
Kategorien: Big Tits Big Dick |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18855 | TY - JOUR T1 - The Concentration of Phosphatidylethanolamine in Mitochondria Can Modulate ATP Production and Glucose Metabolism in Mice JF - Diabetes JO - Diabetes SP - 2620 LP - 2630 DO - 10.2337/db13-0993 VL - 63 IS - 8 AU - van der Veen, Jelske N. AU - Lingrell, Susanne AU - da Silva, Robin P. AU - Jacobs, René L. AU - Vance, Dennis E. Y1 - 2014/08/01 UR - http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/63/8/2620.abstract N2 - Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) N-methyltransferase (PEMT) catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the liver. Mice lacking PEMT are protected against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. We investigated the role of PEMT in hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in chow-fed mice. A pyruvate tolerance test revealed that PEMT deficiency greatly attenuated gluconeogenesis. The reduction in glucose production was specific for pyruvate; glucose production from glycerol was unaffected. Mitochondrial PC levels were lower and PE levels were higher in livers from Pemt−/− compared with Pemt+/+ mice, resulting in a 33% reduction of the PC-to-PE ratio. Mitochondria from Pemt−/− mice were also smaller and more elongated. Activities of cytochrome c oxidase and succinate reductase were increased in mitochondria of Pemt−/− mice. Accordingly, ATP levels in hepatocytes from Pemt−/− mice were double that in Pemt+/+ hepatocytes. We observed a strong correlation between mitochondrial PC-to-PE ratio and cellular ATP levels in hepatoma cells that expressed various amounts of PEMT. Moreover, mitochondrial respiration was increased in cells lacking PEMT. In the absence of PEMT, changes in mitochondrial phospholipids caused a shift of pyruvate toward decarboxylation and energy production away from the carboxylation pathway that leads to glucose production. ER - |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18866 | Fog Creek Software
Discussion Board
Scheduling programming time
Usually my Outlook calendar stays fairly empty, even though I'm actually spending that time programming. Does anyone schedule blocks of programming time in Outlook? So that people will be able to tell that you're "busy"? People tend to schedule meetings during a nice empty block of time... prime programming in-the-zone time.
If you do put in your programming appointments, how do you integrate this with your task list? Is it just a mental connection, or is there some kind of software link I'm missing?
I have FogBUGZ for my task list, and Calendar for my time appointment list, and ne'er the twain shall meet?
Tuesday, January 6, 2004
always...and 1hr for lunch and everyday after 4 since i work from ?-4
Tuesday, January 6, 2004
hah. 2 hours for every lunchtime to stop people scheduling meetings that run right up to lunch and then invariably overrun ;-)
Tuesday, January 6, 2004
Yeah, when my schedule was in demand, I used to block off (optimistically, I'm afraid) 2 hours a day of coding time.
Brad Wilson (
Tuesday, January 6, 2004
Our firm makes heavy use of outlook calendar and task list.
The tasklist is just a list of tasks you want to get done....sometime soon.
Then we use the calendar (if we are diligent) to actually block off the time we intend to complete those tasks.
yes 'nary the twain shall meet' is a good comment, merging the too is hard.
I often just use my task list like a calendar. When I judge that the day has enough tasks due on it, then I stop making any tasks due on that day. (In my head it is a calendar I guess)
Aussie Chick
Tuesday, January 6, 2004
Yes -- I eventually got fed up of my 8am-4pm day ending in me being invited to meetings that involved people working a 10am-6pm day and who then expected me to work until 6pm.
{I say "work", I mean "sit in a meeting I needn't be in..."}
So I scheduled a daily 4pm task of "Katie goes home". Of course, most people don't bother to check outlook; they just email the people. Otherwise you can't double book people....
Tuesday, January 6, 2004
* Recent Topics
* Fog Creek Home |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18871 | Using Apache Zeppelin
Also available as:
Customize interpreter settings in a note
This section describes how to customize Apache Zeppelin interpreter settings on a per-note basis.
You can use the Zeppelin conf interpreter to customize interpreter configuration settings on a per-note basis. The conf interpreter is a generic interpreter that can be used to customize any Zeppelin interpreter on a per-note basis.
In the following example, zeppelin_custom_note_conf.png to customize the Spark interpreter in a Note.
First paragraph:
master yarn-client
spark.jars.packages com.databricks:spark-csv_2.11:1.2.0
Second paragraph:
import com.databricks.spark.csv._
In the first paragraph, the conf interpreter is used to create a custom Spark interpreter configuration (set app name, yarn-client mode, and add spark-csv dependencies). After running the first paragraph, the second paragraph can be run to use spark-csv in the note.
In order for the conf interpreter to run successfully, it must be configured on an isolated per-note basis. Also, the paragraph with the conf interpreter customization settings must be run first, before subsequent applicable interpreter processes are launched. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18873 | In case of an issue when a scheduled backup fails to run on macOS, in order to provide further troubleshooting, a Technical Support Representative or a customer should check whether a file which holds information on scheduled backup task exists in the system.
OBRM for macOS schedules tasks using launchd.
To locate the file with a scheduled task:
1. Click Finder.
2. Click Go: Go to the folder and paste there ~/Library/LaunchAgents.
3. Check whether the following file exists: com.infrascale.OnlineBackup.scheduledBackup.plist.
4. Open this file with text editor and send us screenshot of its contents or the whole file itself. It’s content shows the backup schedule.
Please, email the file to Support or provide a screenshot of its content. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18874 | What LIFs are
A LIF (logical interface) is an IP address or WWPN with associated characteristics, such as a role, a home port, a home node, a list of ports to fail over to, and a firewall policy. You can configure LIFs on ports over which the cluster sends and receives communications over the network.
LIFs can be hosted on the following ports:
While configuring SAN protocols such as FC on a LIF, it will be associated with a WWPN.
SAN administration
The following figure illustrates the port hierarchy in an ONTAP system:
image illustrating the port hierarchy in a clustered Data ONTAP system |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18879 | Showing posts with label Serval Cat. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Serval Cat. Show all posts
Sunday, December 24, 2017
Living With a Pet SERVAL
A serval cat at Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.
A serval cat at Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.
(Photo credit:
Some sources seem to indicate that living with a serval is no more challenging than feeding your pet goldfish. At the other end of the extreme spectrum, many sanctuaries and animal rights activists paint servals and other exotic cats as unmanageable creatures that no ordinary mortal could hope to deal with successfully. As is usually the case, the truth lies in a rational world between the two extremes.
Servals are much more challenging and time-consuming to raise than a domestic cat. In order to end up with a tame, safe, and loving serval that can live in your house, you are going to have to spend a lot of time socializing, training, and housebreaking him. These things don't happen automatically with a serval.
There will be problems to overcome. In order to do so, you will need a solid understanding of how animals learn and how to humanely modify their behavior. This is not an animal for an inexperienced pet owner, or even for an experienced pet owner who has only had "easy" animals!
A Serval kitten is like a domestic kitten on speed! If you have ever raised a kitten you know how playful (and sometimes destructive) they are. Then imagine kittens the size of a full-grown domestic cat, with way more energy! Prepare to be playfully tackled, bitten, clawed, climbed, and otherwise wrestled with by a huge kitten, and make sure you have the training experience to teach your little fireball to be gentle with humans and your house.
However, if you have the knowledge of training and you put in the time, you will be rewarded with a wonderful, loving companion who is fun to live with an easy and safe to handle. A well-raised serval really is incredibly sweet and amazing. To me, it is worth every bit of the time and effort.
Sirocco has an incredibly loud purr, and when he's feeling affectionate he looks at me with complete adoration written on his face, purrs, and licks me. When I get home from work he greets me with purrs and ankle rubs, and it is clear that he is very strongly bonded to me. I have had very affectionate domestic cats, but Sirocco makes his love known more intensely than any domestic cat I've ever had. However, he spends a lot less time overall hanging out purring and cuddling than a domestic cat (that high-energy thing). This may change, as I notice he gets more affectionate the older he gets. I have to say he seems really happy as a pet cat. He is very high energy and spends a lot of time on the go.
As a result of lots of early socialization, he is very tame and will let even large groups of people pet him. However, I have seen him purr only once for a stranger; he seems to reserve true affection for his family.
Living with a serval means having your sandal stolen from beneath your foot and carried out into the enclosure in the rain at 11:00 p.m..... Then being forced to go outside to get it lest he ingest portions of it.
Sirocco had been playing out in his enclosure one evening, uninterested in being petted. When I got to bed I found myself sobbing away a heart-wrenching day's work. As I lay there, I felt a soft nose in my ear, followed by a thundering purr. When I didn't respond, he gently butted my face over and over until I said hi to him. When I spoke, he licked my cheek, then started rubbing his forehead against my face. He continued to lick my tears and "pet" me until I stopped crying. Once satisfied that I was okay, he lay down beside me, squeezing his body tightly against mine as we fell asleep.
I was sitting on the edge of my bed pulling on socks one morning, having finished petting Sirocco.... Or so I thought! Approaching from behind, he laid his head on my shoulder and commenced purring loudly into my ear, paws kneading on the bed beside me. Needless to say, I abandoned my socks.
Shoes and sandals have been banned from serval-occupied regions of the house ever since he ate part of one and nearly had to have it surgically removed. In response, Sirocco has developed military-strength sandal-detecting powers. Sometimes my mother will be naive enough to enter my bedroom at night to watch a movie wearing the precious contraband. Relaxing in her chair, she unthinkingly slips off her sandals as Sirocco lingers nearby with feigned indifference. He strolls casually past, then seizes the prize on his teeth and bolts cheetah-like onto the dresser and out the door to his lair, having learned long ago that thieving humans can't follow. Even if one of us is lucky enough to cut off his escape route, he will not surrender. Jaws locked on, he closes his eyes contentedly and growls as we make futile attempts to pry, pull, twist, and coax the now tooth-marked sandal from his grasp.
Pouncing on the faces of sleeping humans and nibbling (that's putting it kindly) on their toes are also favorite nighttime activities.
I have a deliciously slothful habit of flopping down on my bed to eat dinner. This has a great deal to do with the fact that the bed is one of the few comfortable spots in the house, and it's within Sirocco's domain so I get to enjoy his company. One afternoon I neglected to prepare a portion (tomatoes, cheese, and refried beans) for Sirocco before I crashed with a plate of Mexican food. He came up to me and pushed his nose towards the plate a few times. When I blocked him, he lay down beside me purring, drooled a little, and stretched his head out close to my elbow, chin resting on the bed. I relented and shared a couple of tomato pieces. That wasn't good enough, so he got up again only to be blocked by my hand. He did what any sensible serval would do: he snaked out his paw and smacked my tortillas!
One night Sirocco had been awakening me with a karate-pounce every half-hour. I finally scooped up my rowdy serval and began to carry him out to the crate in my living room: the one now reserved for servals that won't let their humans get a wink of sleep. Trouble struck when my mother's Rottweiler mistook me for an interloper as I exited my bedroom door and charged out of the dark with a snarl. Exit serval. He was out of my arms, over my head, and back in the bedroom before the dog could take two steps. Enter bandages. I had a nice bloody welt across my jaw, and the gash in my neck caused people at work the next day to ask what I'd done to provoke Louie the Knife.
Before Sirocco arrived, I'd been adamant: no litter boxes in my bedroom. Now, I'm just content when he actually uses the giant box that so gracefully adorns the floor by my entertainment center rather than peeing on my bed.
One evening I came home from work to find the blankets dragged from my bed, one of them lying elegantly by the entrance to the litter box. As a thoughtful decorative touch, he'd also removed a German Shepherd figurine from my bookshelf and placed it in the litter box with one ear poking out.
I think I'm going to recommend servals to interior designers. They can sell or rent them to clients, on the condition that the designer is called in every time the serval "redecorates" the house. What a way to build repeat business!
One thing I'm quite proud of is the fact that Sirocco isn't very destructive indoors with his claws. For instance, he doesn't claw the curtains. He just yanks the curtain rod loose from the wall and drags the curtains under the bed. Good serval.
Wednesday, July 26, 2017
Recently, two Serval cats were delivered to the Caldwell Zoo in Tyler, Texas. The nine month old cats are named Bosco and Amos. The kittens came from the Tautphaus Park Zoo in Idaho Falls, Idaho. The Serval cat is considered one of the best hunters in the wild with the ability to catch it prey over 50% of the time.
The Beautiful Serval
Serval - Photo by Steve Wilson – over 5 million views Thanks !!
A Serval cat is a medium sized African wild animal. It is a strong, slender cat with long legs and relatively short tale. It has a small head and oval ears. The fur of the animal is striped on the head and back of the neck and the body is spotted. The coloring is tawny with black stripes and spots. The Serval has traits similar to the cheetah. From a distance, a Serval will resemble a cheetah but up close the Serval is a smaller animal. A Serval cat will weigh from 20 to 50 pounds. It has a lifespan of 12 to 15 years. Besides it's normal sounds, it can purr like a domestic cat.
The Serval cat lives in savannas and likes to feed on rodents. It will feed on other prey like fish, frogs and insects if it finds them. A Serval is very fast and has excellent jumping ability making it a good hunter. The cat tends to eat quickly causing it to regurgitate it's food. If the prey is small enough , it will swallow it whole. It is also a very intelligent animal enabling to outwit it's prey. Although the Serval does very little, it is a great swimmer. Larger cats like the leopard prey on the Serval.
The cat is normally bred in the wild but can also be bred in captivity. In the wild, the young are raised in sheltered locations for protection from bigger cats. The litter can contain up to five kittens. A kitten can mature to an adult in as little as 190 days.
A Serval cat can be domesticated. The animal is friendly, good-natured and easily tamed. But like any wild animal, the cat may become destructive and dangerous before fully grown. A Serval is very loyal to it's owner and is difficult to transfer to a different owner. The cat popularity's as a pet has increased in the United States. In the United States, a special license is required to have a Serval as a pet. A Serval has been bred with a domestic cat called the Savannah. Most states consider the Savannah as a domestic cat and do not put special conditions on the breed.
The Serval population has been shrinking due to humans encroaching on it's habitat and hunting the animal for it's fur. Since the Serval is a relatively small cat, it takes numerous pelts to make a garment. In many countries, the Serval has become a protected species. The CITES organization has put the Serval on it's watch list.
This article does not endorse or recommend a Serval cat as a pet.
By Frank Loethen
Frank Loethen. married, owner of an Internet business for cat products and grandfather of 4.
Article Source: EzineArticles |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18920 | I am trying to build pwm in wave form .meaning for exmaple I want the pwm go for 5 rising edge on and then 5 rising edges off . But for some reason when I write :
variable counter_test : integer range 0 to 10 ;
meaning that variable counter_test should run from 0 to 10 ,so in the waveform it runs from 0 to 15 (my guess is that it runs to 15 becouse 10 in binary form is 1010 ,so it has 4 bits and 2^4-1=15 ) .My question is simple why it runs till 15 and not 10 as I wrote ?
library IEEE;
entity Clock_Divider is
port (
clk_in_27Mhz : in std_logic ;
clr : in std_logic;
clk_out_960Hz: out std_logic
end Clock_Divider;
architecture logic_clock_divider of Clock_Divider is
variable counter_test : integer range 0 to 9:=0;
if (clk_in_27Mhz'event and clk_in_27Mhz='1') then
if ( 0< counter_test and counter_test<4 ) then
elsif ( 4<counter_test and counter_test<9) then
end if;
end if;
end process;
end logic_clock_divider ;
and the waveform is : enter image description here
why the variable counter_test does not reset at 9 and keeps till 15 ? what is wrong with my code ? and how to fix this problem ?
There's just nothing that would reset the counter_test back to 0.
VHDL's integer ranges aren't magic, they don't automagically wrap around. The range only seems to specify the values that are to be expected to fit.
Many tools don't do the range-checking by default, my guess is it does impair the performance a bit. It's often possible to enable this, however.
Synthesis tools usually don't rangecheck, there's really no way for them to know beforehand, and there's no way for the synthesized design to report any "runtime errors".
Your Answer
|
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18925 | [GIVEAWAY] Winners Announced
Discussion in 'Public Member Events' started by EnderMagic1, Apr 7, 2016.
Which one?
Skeleton. *shoots you in the face* 38 vote(s) 52.1%
Enderman. *gives you a heart attack and you fall in lava." 35 vote(s) 47.9%
1. When I first joined EMC it was on smp3. I then saw a thread about a public enderman farm to get XP. Once I figured out how to switch smp's and how to get out there, I loved it. It was on smp5. This was the reason I switched my home to 5. Been there ever since and will always be there :p
Wasn't much of a winter in my area this year until the last few months. Mostly stayed in. Don't like being cold :p
Thank you for the giveaways and good luck to all :)
EnderMagic1 likes this.
2. 2. I hung around the Pvp arenas.
3. What is your favorite event on EMC?
EnderMagic1 likes this.
3. Miner Mania.:D
4. 1. Well, one time I was trying to find a skeleton dungeon, so that I could build my own grinder. I started digging, and unfortunately found a lava pit. I turned around and jumped in my chair, surprised to see a skeleton standing right behind me, and shot me. I think you can guess the rest. :p;)
3. Do you like bones, bows, and arrows more than enderpearls?
EnderMagic1 likes this.
5. Giveaway 2- I went to Disneyland!
Giveaway 3- What is your favorite color? :)
EnderMagic1 likes this.
6. What day did you joined EMC?
#Giveaway 3
EnderMagic1 likes this.
7. Perky Giveaway
Okay. Once I was in the wild exploring with a friend... And I found a Enderman my friend looked at it and died we both had no armour so my best option was run BUT I realized there was a skele in front of me so my life ended right there.
Winter Giveaway
Since I live in New Zealand and its turning winter now ill tell ya what I did last winter.. Well my family except for my dad has touched snow so we went to the snow for the first time ( except for my dad ) and all of us went skiing and snowboarding.
EnderMagic1 likes this.
8. 1. I made a resource pack that takes away the pumpkin blur, so now I can hang out with endermen all day long, if i want to! :D
2. This winter I dug out 2 and a half cars, shoveled the sidewalk twice and went sledding, all in one day.
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9. Prize 2: I went skiing on a double black diamond lift... and fell off the chair xD
Prize 3: If you were stranded on an island with:
1. A bird
2. A cage
3. 64 gapples
4. A horse + lead
5. A cheeseburger
What would you do, how would you use these things? :D
EnderMagic1 likes this.
10. Prize 1)
Skeletons? Always pushing me back with their arrows before I can get to them... :rolleyes: Endermen? Surprisingly, I don't seem to get harassed by them too much!
Prize 2)
I spent Christmas with my family, and before Christmas, I visited Anon in Cardiff! ^_^
EnderMagic1 likes this.
11. November 29, 2014. :) #2014Player
Ouch! I am always scared of falling off the lifts. :eek:
Uh, I would put the bird in the cage. I would eat the cheeseburger. I would gather dirt from the island and start placing blocks across the water. :p The horse and gapples would stay in my inventory until I reached land. :)
12. PRIZE 2
Over this winter, I slept and played Call Of Duty :)
PRIZE 3
What is your favorite Action Movie? :)
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13. 1: In my early days of minecrafting I hid in my house from endermen thinking they were always hostile.
3: Why one and a half years? (Why did you stay)
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14. 2. I got really cold at minus 35C ... plus windshield.
3. What is YOUR preference, shot by skeleton, or heart-attacked by an enderman?
EnderMagic1 likes this.
15. Star Wars and Ant Man :D
I just wanted to be those "oldies" on emc. I try to help players and trying to improve my social skills. :/ And, I am constantly building my residence.
Skeletons. They always kill me: mobarena, UHC(OMG they are so deadly in UHC), and survival. :)
16. 1. Enderman are like the death of me a seem never to kill them only in a farm.
2. I went sledding a lot and had to replace my 4-wheeler.
EnderMagic1 likes this.
17. Giveaway #1:
I did alsways play minecraft in peacefull, so I don't really have anything with a sceleton, but endermens...
the days I was Gold supporter for the first time (I'm talking about 2 years+ ago) I went to Endetopia, and, I get killed, because I didn't know that you have to "wear" a pumpkin... But someone told me, quite alot strugling later, that I had to wear a pumpkin, so, I took one, and renamed it "Jelle68's Ender pumkin" The funny thing is, I'ave still got it. or, I don't know were, its "somewere" in my-unsorted-storge-of-150-DC...
Giveaway #3:
How many cookies are you able to eat when you'ave got three trees in your hair?
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18. 1. Perky Giveaway
I was at the end (on single player), it had taken me ages to get there, and I went to get a drink, thinking I had paused the game, I came back and I was dead :/
3. Mega Giveaway
How do you get to fund things like this ? :p
EnderMagic1 likes this.
19. Uh- zero? I never have trees in my hair :p
Save rupees, sell promos, and auction stuff. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18932 | Koch LB120-Loadbox II
Koch LB120-Loadbox II
LB120-Loadbox II, Guitar Power Attenuator from Koch.
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Average Score:4.8( 4.8/5 based on 6 reviews )
5 reviews83 %
1 user review17 %
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mortimer Valla12/18/2012
mortimer Valla's review (This content has been automatically translated from French)" Save your neighborly relations"
Koch LB120-Loadbox II
I use it since 2008. I bought a VOX AC H1TV. I got totally fooled by the power of the amp. Can not do without like cruncher as to vibrate the walls. So I had to find a solution.
I have not tried other models.
there is a version 16 ohms and one 8 ohms. On the device include:
direct output section: amp simulation (with two types of micro orientation and 2 types of firm) / pure DI (0-10db) / headset with volume (which I do not utlise ...)
a section for output on a second HP (note the sum of the resistances) and
6 attenuation levels available: 100% - 40% - 15% - 5% - 2% - 1%. I usually use between 15 and 5% (note I'm pretty well insulated home). 1% it seems to me that the sound of the amp is still a bit distorted.
What I like most: ease of use, the possibility of having a second output with speaker simulation (I made a decision on the HP amp with a SM57 and a socket with the simulation) j ' records often both.
what I like least: having to unplug the amp to change the level of reduction.
value for money seems to me excellent because it is clearly a machine built to last. plastoc not cheap by any metal is very heavy.
Mark Twang11/15/2009
Mark Twang's review (This content has been automatically translated from French)
Koch LB120-Loadbox II
Koch offers us a box of tricks which innovates in the world of direct box: it is an all in one particularly attractive characteristics. It's simple: the paper is simply indispensable tool for users of tube amp.
- Dummy load: dummy load allows you to use an amp head without plugging in an HP. Recall that in normal times, such manipulation led to toast the output transformer of the amp. Attention to the order must choose between the Model 4 ohms, 8 ohms or 16 ohms.
- Attenuator Power: 6 slices ranging from 100% (no attenuation) to 1% (maximum attenuation).
- Transmission line: two sections of direct outputs, one filtered (Recording) and the other not. The filtered output is the most comprehensive: a balanced output XLR and unbalanced in jack. The filter simulates the uptake by micro two voicings, one emulating the axis of the microphone, the other type of cab (1 or 4hp). No selection on the type of cab (open / closed) nor the ambience of the room. The other section (Direct Out) that is equipped with unbalanced outputs type jack, one attenuated (-10db) the other not.
- Headphones output allows you to play with his amp head at night without disturbing anyone.
- Multiplication of cab: what connect two cabs to the output of the attenuator ... provided that the sum of the output impedance is equal to the input impedance (4, 8 or 16 ohms depending on your model LB120II)
Supplied accessory: a cord 2m long HP, 2 x 1.5mm ², with Switchcraft plugs straight.
In short, it is near perfection ... but I take two points because of the fixed impedance of loadbox.
1. One connects the output of the amp head WITH A CABLE HP unshielded input Z = x ohms at the bottom right.
2. The cab is connected to the output of a wafer and a single - always with a speaker cable - the power atténuatueur.
connecting a small cord IN CABLE HP output of a portion of the attenuator to the input of the section Multiple cabinet (entry named "From Attenuator") and then connects the two cabs on the "To Two Speakers - Total Load = Z ohms.
we do not branch cab (thank you to the dummy load) and you connect a headset
and / or
no one branch is no cab and connects to the console by one of the direct output, filtered or not. After, you have to make your sauce to treat the resulting sound.
On the "Multiple Cabinet": it is equipped with parallel outputs, making it a bit useless for me. My amp can get out of 8 or 16 ohms, but as Loadbox impedance is fixed impedance (16 ohms in my case), if I want to connect two speakers, I can not use the V112HTV (16ohms): I need two 32-ohm cabs - which is pretty rare - so that their total load is 16 ohms. This is less problematic on models 8 ohms (thus operating with two cabs into 16 ohms) and 4 ohms (two 8-ohm cabs).
Again, it is near the perfection but I take two points because of this problem fixed impedance.
- Power Attenuator Section:
I find it really well, fairly transparent up to 5% mitigation. I still feel it loses a bit of articulation, but as I use the supplied speaker cable, not necessarily at the top, I expect to receive a second Evidence The Siren II to be categorical. A 1% and 2%, it seemed that the sound became more saturated buzzing. Anyway, special mention for the opportunity to change mitigation on the fly, without having to turn off the amp head, without audible plop ... it's really useful on an amp without master volume to match the volume of the clear and the sound saturated.
- Recording Section "direct output filtered.
The speaker simulation is good but very neutral with respect to the sound of the Alnico Blue is not really convincing. In my opinion, it can not substitute for direct drive by micro ... but can probably add on an additional track. If we really wanted to use in recording, as there is no integrated treatment room, think about adding a bit of reverb on the console so that it sounds good.
Both options are voicing rather subtle but real: it was more acute with the micro axial position, the more serious the position 4x12 cab. "Reproach: We can not disengage the internal speaker simulation, it is therefore not possible to use the balanced output without passing through the filter, which is a shame if we intend to use another speaker simulation, the more powerful behind. Fortunately, there is the Direct Out section.
- Section Direct Out "direct out unfiltered."
An unbalanced output unattenuated, another at-10db. I will try later to record with, if I can get hold of a simulation of HP software. Complains: no balanced XLR output for this section.
- Headphone output:
The result is really not very pretty. Better to plug into a table and plug in the headphones on the table. An output therefore not very efficient but still useful if you have nothing else handy.
I remove a point for the headphone output and disappointing for the lack of balanced output unfiltered.
1st review hot on the Koch LB120II 16 ohms connected between a Vox AC 15 head and cabinet HTVH 112 HTV Vox Celestion Blue Alnico mounted.
Tentative conclusion:
- A versatile tool really useful thanks to the Dummy Load ally based direct box.
- A very good attenuator. I can finally play with the saturation of my Vox natural home. For me, it will be from 15% mitigation on the day and 5% in the evening. The 40% looks to me ideal for a quality mic to capture a volume humanly bearable home studio.
- An HP calculator correct but not respect your sound if you're used to the character of your HP (Blue Alnico, Greenback ...).
- Features crippled because of the fixed impedance and speaker emulation not removable.
In short, a versatile tool that has the huge advantage of being without a competitor in the market (pending release of a possible rival in NOS) and that will make great service, but misses his vocation as a tool ultimate cause of universal design to fixed impedance, the lack of balanced output unfiltered and weakness of the headphone output.
SUGGESTION FOR THE GENTLEMEN OF AT KOCH: please, install an insert jack Neutrik locking input on Z, so as not to risk being unplugged accidentally when the head is turned!
TycoTyco's review (This content has been automatically translated from French)
Koch LB120-Loadbox II
Look "retro" and "tough" and when you take a look inside: it's serious ...
S manual in <strong>French</strong> on this link: http://www.fillingdistribution.com/
And now everything is clear ...
The initial sound is <strong>really conserved</strong>
Really necessary when you have a tube amp ...
Finally it was the sound without the drawbacks (eardrum crippled, hatred of the neighbors, etc ...)
The POD and other simulators are great for work, but let's face it, they do not replace in <strong>any way the sound of tubes ...</strong>
A very good product <strong>
Ironie's review (This content has been automatically translated from French)
Koch LB120-Loadbox II
Attenuator / dummy box analog rack by adding a power (the fan is already in, but not food, fortunately we do not need rack when not!).
Headphone out, line and XLR input jack.
A speaker simulation or 1x12 4x12 to choose. Choosing the position of the microphone (either right or diagonally).
Too bad that the impedance is fixed, fortunately my two amps are 16 ohms!
Manual in English, I almost make a connection error the day I received it, thankfully a friend has turned me, I do not know what were the consequences, but otherwise it is very simple as it know where the exit is and where is the entrance).
I do not use that loadbox, connected to a mixer. The sound is simply stunning, never heard my two amps sound as well as with this device! (I've never been able to push as thoroughly as we should say;) ). Mini flat for the headphone output is not as good as the output on a table, better plug your headphones into the headphone output of the table if one has a! But it still helps out at 3 am 'in the apartment' when no mixing desk!
I use a Peavey Classic 30 and an Orange Tiny Terror. For concerts I take only the small Orange in its carrying case and shoulder strap I put in my bag loadbox the guitar is very easy to transport, to the sound that can be drawn is a great setup!
Sure, on paper from a Pod or other simulation / preamp with 20 amp models and it does not effect the weight, especially considering the price, but when has an amp lamp is inimitable sound, I much prefer playing with loadbox with a cabinet because I can edit sounds better.
I plug all these people in my mixer and my PC, we get a quick sound of professional recording! And all this with headphones or low volume!
I bought used on this site for € 250 on the advice of a member of a rival forum, since I have noticed a renewed interest in this material, there is evidence 3 months (date when I bought it) there were 3 ads for selling this equipment, there are now two ads of people looking to buy a new one! I think it had to the fact that this material was too little known but it appears in voice rehabilitation.
I would look to acquire one second because I can not connect my two amps simultaneously on my loadbox only, through an AB / Box to play on both at the same time this should be a treat! But the ads are becoming rare as previously stated, we must be patient.
A set of all the hands of enthusiasts gear!
PS: For use in attenuator, do not forget to use a speaker cable between the amp and loadbox and between loadbox and baffle.
Berzin's review (This content has been automatically translated from French)
Koch LB120-Loadbox II
Everything has been said.
A rather unfortunate thing is the mitigation system. A rotary switch would be easier to use a series of outputs (100%, 40%, 15 %...)
Too bad we can not also change the input impedance.
Otherwise, no complaints, solid construction, it is quite comprehensive and it does not heat.
No problem. It's easy to see how it works. It is still advised to read the manual (comprehensive) to make no nonsense and slam the amp head. He does not know French, but everyone can not be grown and then the books, it often speaks Portuguese.
The machine is very transparent. He does not eat the treble and the dynamics, like so many attenuators. on the other hand, although it does not heat, I have some doubt about its ability to collect 120 w. I took the test (120 head thoroughly, thoroughly mitigation, he did not, he was producing strange sounds. But this is not the goal. Most of the time, simply reduce to 40, 15% have an excellent sound. Otherwise, to change the amp.
Without reaching the quality of a microphone before the hp, the output is excellent emulated. I use it often transplanted to the stage. More feedback problem and I am confident that the audience does not perceive the slight loss of quality compared to a microphone.
I use it for a year and a half. It's expensive, but it's very solid and it has a line out, emulated output and this is Loudbox. No need to practice then. Since I have, I wonder how I managed to do without it. This is an accessory that is needed quickly. If we could change the impedance as the Marshall (but who eats the sound), it would be the total growing stock.
reybtom's review (This content has been automatically translated from French)
Koch LB120-Loadbox II
See the opinion below
This is the most comprehensive Dummy Box / Attenuators
Archi simple, and you plug it work
The sound of my amp (Mesa DC-5 Head) is very well respected for the part and the output attenuator simulator HP is very good, plenty good enough to record demos
I've had a few weeks
By far the best attenuators and also much more than that. The sound is very transparent, the number of outputs allows many connection and the simulator output with HP's settings and angle of the microphone body 1 or 4 HP bluff is made
I bought it new less than 350 euros on the web and at that price the quality / price ratio is perfect
Remains to be seen wearing the lamps in use. One can also regret that it is not multi-impedance, but if you are on to keep his amp head for a while, it's not a concern |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18942 | Liberty Alliance
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Liberty Alliance Project
Liberty Alliance Project logo.gif
SuccessorKantara Initiative
EstablishedSeptember 2001 (2001-09)
Dissolved2009 (2009)
PurposeIndustry standards group
Liberty actors
Identity federation[edit]
Liberty Alliance 2002–2005
The Liberty Alliance subsequently released two more versions of the Identity Federation Framework, and then in November 2003, Liberty contributed its final version of the specification, ID-FF 1.2, to OASIS.[6] This contribution formed the basis for SAML 2.0. By 2007, industry analyst firm Gartner claimed that SAML had gained wide acceptance in the community.[7]
Identity web services[edit]
Liberty Alliance releasing the Liberty Identity Web Services Framework (ID-WSF) in April 2004 for deploying and managing identity-based web services. Applications included geo-location, contact book, calendar, mobile messaging and People Service, for managing social applications such as bookmarks, blogs, calendars, photo sharing and instant messaging in a secure and privacy-respecting federated social network. In a 2008 marketing report recommended considering it for federation.[8]
In January 2007, the alliance announced a project for open-source software developers building identity-based applications. was a portal where developers can collaborate and access tools and information to develop applications based on alliance standards.[10] In November 2008, OpenLiberty released an open source application programming interface called ArisID.[11]
Identity governance framework[edit]
In February 2007 Oracle Corporation contributed the Identity Governance Framework to the alliance,[12] which released the first version publicly in July 2007.[13] The Identity Governance Framework defined how identity related information is used, stored, and propagated using protocols such as LDAP, Security Assertion Markup Language, WS-Trust, and ID-WSF.
Identity assurance framework[edit]
Concordia project[edit]
Privacy and policy[edit]
The alliance wrote papers on business and policy aspects of identity management..[16] It hosted meetings in 2007 and 2008 to promote itself.[17]
See also[edit]
6. ^ "Liberty Strategic Initiatives: Federation". Liberty Alliance. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
15. ^ "Concordia". Old web site. Archived from the original on May 18, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
External links[edit]
Liberty ID-FF 1.2 Archive[edit]
As described above, Liberty contributed Identity Federation Framework (ID-FF) 1.2 to OASIS in November 2003. For the record, here is a complete list of contributed ID-FF 1.2 documents:
Liberty ID-FF 1.2 Archive
Contributed Documents Archived Documents
Liberty ID-FF Architecture Overview liberty-idff-arch-overview-v1.2.pdf draft-liberty-idff-arch-overview-1.2-errata-v1.0.pdf
Liberty ID-FF Protocols and Schema Specification liberty-idff-protocols-schema-v1.2.pdf
Liberty ID-FF Bindings and Profiles Specification liberty-idff-bindings-profiles-v1.2.pdf draft-liberty-idff-bindings-profiles-1.2-errata-v2.0.pdf
Liberty ID-FF Implementation Guidelines draft-lib-idff-guidelines-v1.2-11.pdf liberty-idff-guidelines-v1.2.pdf
Liberty ID-FF Static Conformance Requirements liberty-idff-1.1-scr.v1.0.pdf liberty-idff-1.2-scr-v1.0.pdf
Liberty Metadata Description and Discovery Specification liberty-metadata-v1.0.pdf
Liberty Authentication Context Specification liberty-authentication-context-v1.2.pdf
Liberty Utility Schema Files liberty-utility-v1.0.xsd
Liberty Glossary liberty-glossary-v1.2.pdf liberty-glossary-v1.4.pdf
Liberty ID-FF 1.2 Errata draft-liberty-idff-1.2-errata-v1.0.pdf
Only the archived PDF files are individually addressable on the Liberty Alliance web site. (The original contributed documents are lost.) To obtain copies of the remaining archived files, download both the Liberty ID-FF 1.2 archive and the Liberty 1.1 support archive. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/18967 | 319: The Cloth
sky streak
“Love begets love. Fear begets fear. Fear is love turned inside out, love hidden from the light. Love is fear turned inside out, fear exposed to the light. Take it upon yourself to expose the fear to the light or to bury the fear into the darkness, from here only love will sprout; whether from beneath you or from above you, love will command this fear to leave, returning the fear back to the illusion from which it was birthed. Turn yourself, this intricate fabric of life you be, and in your turning the truth shall be.” ~ Sam
The cloth of this world is a precise image: a piece of black fabric, black on both sides. Somewhat like a pillowcase and similar to a hood of a jacket unattached to the whole.
Love is on one side of the black cloth, and fear is on the other side.
If love be on the outside, exposed, then the image of love can be turned inside out, exposing the counterside of fear. When this happens, it is a step in faith, wherein fear is taken out of the dark and exposed to the light, rebirthed and sprouting from the hidden foundation of love. Here while love is nuturing the soils beneath, fear is exposed to be cleansed and taken by the light. Soon only love remains.
Some cloths begin with fear on the outside, with love yet not exposed. This fear is utilized as a shield of sorts, a means of protection from perceived cruelness.
When this unbridled fear is turned inside out, and love is placed on the outside, this fear taken out of the spotlight, no longer used as shield, and put into the darkness to rest, then the other side of the fabric, of love, is exposed.
In this way the light of love is brought forward. This love becomes brilliant once exposed. Because this love shines so brightly, the cloth on the other side, beneath love, where fear rests, is penetrated and cleansed.
Thusly in so turning fear inside out, the whole of the fabric is turned to love.
In so doing, the fabric is cleansed on both sides, entirely whole in love.
Where there was once fear, no fear remains, only an effervescent glow of love.
I see this as a way to heal the world, as one upon the next the fear is exposed to the light, either by turning the fear under or turning the fear outward.
I see this clearly.
I see this continual rebirthing of love, as I feed my own fear to the light.
For the light is not damaged my illusion, and the light can only see love.
In so doing, in willingly turning over the fabric of what I be, I am instantly healed.
Proclaiming my fear to the world in totality sets me free.
The cloth I am is purified by love and light, so that the stitchings of my soul radiate the truth beyond the illusion of fear.
With nothing buried beneath, I am freed.
I think this is the time of shedding for the world, for the cloths to be turned inside-out in whatever fashion need be, for the fear to be laid to rest, evaporated, and lifted, though illusion it be.
For it is in the gentle stirrings of love we are each healed, my healing affecting another’s healing, and vise versa.
It is in the clinging on to illusion of fear that we are buried deeper into a place of disillusionment and isolation, wherein illusion (fear) is given the power that love naturally carries.
It is in being fearless, in fearing less, in trusting in the power that is, that we be set free.
Behold this imaginary fabric, that is more real than real, and twist and contort your cloth, to surmise your doings and bearings, and to find the gentle way into peace; wherein your fear is admitted and released all with the touch of thought, with the hand of spirit, given up to that who can take freely without harm and return divinely what is inherently good in you: you in completion, the illusion lifted, and your self revealed.
Go to your neighbor and announce to him your fear, whatever it be. If they are truly carrying the light of love, they will embrace you in totality. If they are not, then perhaps it be time to look elsewhere.
Say onto another: “I am afraid.” Of what or whom, it does not matter. For in admitting your fear you have released it.
Admit and release, and the gentleness of love shall embrace you. For it is in the emotions of naught that love is rebirthed again and again.
To give of fear freely, to pronounce this fear to the world, and then to watch it dissipate is your task, and your task alone. For only then will the healing of one affect the healing of all.
There is no enemy outside self, outside this fear.
All is illusion birthed from the bed of fear.
Step into the light and watch the illusion shed.
Be whole in your goodness.
Shine bright.
And recognize where there was once misfortune and pain, there only be gratitude.
For you have been shown the truth, as your eyes are ready to see, and in this seeing you are eternally blessed. Embraced in the light of the world that emanates from your being put here to show the truth of spirit, that together in unity, in mission, in the unfolding and refolding of self, we can proclaim the goodness of one and in turn announce the goodness of all.
There are no shadows, no mysteries, no chambers of hidden secrets, there is only stepping into the light, again and again and again, until you are spirit, beacon upon beacon radiating the joy to the world upon worlds, and lifting the ailments of soul to the next level of enlightenment.
With a step of faith move into this illusion fear, and there purge, like no other, the imaginary demons that stir you, where light was meant to be.
Turn out your fabric to the sun, as cloth is hung out in the day; turn out your cloth to the dark as seed is buried in soil, and see what is rebirthed from the illusion of thirst and want; turn out your blessed cloth, and expose your unyielding light to the world.
It is time, and I await you here, my dear blessed one.
318: The Third Door
Someone once told me that there are three doors to self:
One door you willingly open and show the world. A second door you open to some. And a third door that usually remains closed, a place where you hold the deepest hurts, secrets that if exposed might make you crumble.
In February of 2012, I opened the third door.
Through a series of events, including the discovering of my Asperger’s Syndrome, my necessary exiting from a university counseling program, and my beloved dog’s death, I spiraled into a place of deep depression.
Having been told by a licensed mental health practitioner that indeed she had no doubts I had Aspergers, a massive vault of inner self was opened. It was as if I’d been carrying around a phantom secret my entire life, teetering on a finite point of self-knowledge, but never quite touching down to the answers.
And now I stood, feet firmly planted in the muck and guck of all the places I’d traveled, both externally and internally, faced with all the years of wondering and searching, from priest to psychiatrist, mountain after mountain climbed, in hopes of figuring out essentially “what was wrong with me.”
I knew from a young age that I viewed the world differently. I am an observer of sorts, always an observer, analyzing and picking apart the pieces that intermingle about me, in the spaces between thought and reason, in the middle point where the black and white merge to form something beyond grey.
I see in pictures, vivid images. As I write now, the words are first filtered, almost simultaneously with first thought, into a stream of expression, each word carrying its own color, rhythm and vibration. And the world, my world, is like this too: everything, everywhere, something moving and carrying its own awareness, as if screaming to be seen.
My world is a constant mystery, a present to be opened time and time again, each new day a new beginning. I cannot help this. This is who I am and whom I have always been.
I don’t understand rules and customs, not because I lack the ability to see what is happening, or to read between the lines, but because I see the infinite possibilities of other choices and options, of other paths, so to speak.
I don’t understand dogma and criticism and rights and wrongs, as it seems there is always another side, another way, and in this way, somewhere a victim struggling to be heard.
A passion so deep, runs through me, a river of sorts, that twists and turns and carries a truth I understand, even if no one else does. In a sense I need no confirmation or validation, it is as it is, and just who I be.
Yet, to live in this world, to walk where I walk, there is this way about me, this way I am supposed to be—some societal-imposed rules of conduct and expected behavior that confuses me; for since a child, I was left to wonder, who are the inventors of these rules, and why do they invent?
I was left to wonder why the others, who weren’t me, but seemed an extension of me, behaved in predictable patterns determined by some unknown structure, endowed with the gifts of evidentally knowing when there is nothing to be known, at least nothing to be feasibly discovered in the infiniteness of variables of truth.
I discovered early on that my only solace was in my faith, that being, by my choosing, and my choosing alone, a universal maker that I call God. In here, inside my faith, and only here, I found answers. I began to see the scope of the world as so narrow, at least when viewed through the eyes of so many lost travelers. I began to see that I too was lost with them, in this collective of nonsense recreating games in an attempt be seen.
I stepped out. I removed myself from the game, and was immediately ostracized and shunned, repeatedly corrected for not being as everyone else; even as I watched and knew that all about me was imaginary, people filling in the holes with their ways, when they weren’t really their ways at all.
For to be inside me, is to be inside complexity. Everything mixed and unmuted, painted and swirled with endless possibilities. But it appeared that to be inside of another, at least most of another, was limiting and restricted, honed in by self-inflicted leashes.
I was isolation.
I was what the experience of isolation encompasses: the observer knowing she is different, not knowing why, and forced without reason or cause to walk outside of the line.
I was a loner; though I stood alongside my peers, I was always alone.
I was alone in my creation of different selves in an attempt to move through a world that made no sense. I was alone in my attempt after attempt to be like that which I did not understand. I was alone in my compassion to want to touch another at a level they were uncomfortable touching. I was a traveler who knew not where she touched down and knew not with whom she was supposed to meet.
I was alone.
I was alone until I reached out, not to another, but into the deepest corridors of self. I was alone until I sat within the inner makings of what rested behind my door number three. Until I purged out all of the demons and hauntings and broken pieces of self, and set about to reform the being I truly was.
And then, as I began to see me, unleashed from the fear that had once buried me, others began to see me too; for it was in my true self that they recognized a part of their own true selves. It was in the opening of my third door that others were freed to open theirs.
Together, myself intertwined with others who knew of me and who understood the axe of isolation and disconnection, we began to emerge—one door upon the next, opening and reopening.
And with this opening, we began to see we were no longer alone.
We began to see beauty.
We began to heal.
For finally someone could see us.
Finally we were no longer invisible.
Finally we were understood.
And this is my door number three, these words I have shared, above and below, and out there, in the circling space of energy; not because I needed to find another, but because I needed to be free. |
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https://fascinatingeducation.com/dr-marg-says-blog/60%Weekly2017-11-30 18:01 |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19008 | Run time: 98 mins
Director: Mike Flanagan
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDyOftZyVeA
Screening types: 2D/Subtitled
In swinging mid-sixties Los Angeles, an enterprising widow (Elizabeth Reaser) is doing a roaring trade with her fake medium routine. Helping to fleece the gullible are her two daughters. One day she brings home a new prop to help boost earnings: an ouija board! Little does she suspect that she has now invited genuine evil into the home. Troubled youngest child Doris (Lulu Wilson) soon begins to behave oddly and uses the board in an attempt to contact her dead father. Before long, she is possessed by a malevolent spirit and channelling sinister supernatural powers. Now the family must unite to overcome their fear and send the demonic entity back to the other side.
Director Mike Flanagan [Oculus (2013 and 2006)] delivers shock after shock in this blood-chilling prequel to the low-budget 2014 surprise hit Ouija.
While not a contender to rival one of the great horror films it references at time – Carrie or The Exorcist – this is an entertaining enough Halloween season watch – creepy and with lots of thumps and bumps.
Images courtesy of Universal Pictures UK
hero_ouija-2014-1 ouija-mother-ghost-film |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19010 | U.S. Markets open in 5 hrs 11 mins
How Should Investors Feel About Community Bankers Trust Corporation’s (NASDAQ:ESXB) CEO Pay?
Simply Wall St
In 2010 Rex Smith was appointed CEO of Community Bankers Trust Corporation (NASDAQ:ESXB). First, this article will compare CEO compensation with compensation at similar sized companies. Next, we’ll consider growth that the business demonstrates. And finally we will reflect on how common stockholders have fared in the last few years, as a secondary measure of performance. This method should give us information to assess how appropriately the company pays the CEO.
View our latest analysis for Community Bankers Trust
How Does Rex Smith’s Compensation Compare With Similar Sized Companies?
Our data indicates that Community Bankers Trust Corporation is worth US$168m, and total annual CEO compensation is US$907k. (This figure is for the year to December 2017). We think total compensation is more important but we note that the CEO salary is lower, at US$410k. As part of our analysis we looked at companies in the same jurisdiction, with market capitalizations of US$100m to US$400m. The median total CEO compensation was US$901k.
You can see a visual representation of the CEO compensation at Community Bankers Trust, below.
NasdaqCM:ESXB CEO Compensation, February 26th 2019
Is Community Bankers Trust Corporation Growing?
Has Community Bankers Trust Corporation Been A Good Investment?
I think that the total shareholder return of 54%, over three years, would leave most Community Bankers Trust Corporation shareholders smiling. As a result, some may believe the CEO should be paid more than is normal for companies of similar size.
In Summary…
Rex Smith is paid around the same as most CEOs of similar size companies.
Shareholders would surely be happy to see that shareholder returns have been great, and the earnings per share are up. Although the pay is a normal amount, some shareholders probably consider it fair or modest, given the good performance of the stock. Whatever your view on compensation, you might want to check if insiders are buying or selling Community Bankers Trust shares (free trial).
|
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19013 | Learn now how proxy firewall works in general, and more
When it comes to question “how proxy firewall works” there are situations, when the activation of security suites represent a temporary workaround for connection problems.
Most firewalls, proxies (or other methods to share the Internet connection) can limit the access to PC ports. Operating according to your configuration can block packets you receive from an unknown source.
There are different techniques and implementation of this process, which will be explained and discussed briefly here.
How proxy firewall works: Firewall techniques (filtering method)
One distinguishes between:
1. Packet filters
2. Application level firewalls
3. Stateful Inspection
For use on a PC directly connected to the Internet there’s also the desktop firewalls.
Packet filter
Packet filter (also port filter) are the simplest version of a firewall, even if in its core it is nothing but a firewall.
1. good performance, due to the relatively low functionality
2. simple configuration
1. sophisticated attacks won’t be blocked most likely (eg Fragmentation Attack, in which the TCP header is divided between the first and the second packet)
2. Exploitation of vulnerabilities (buffer overflow WinNuke)
3. limited opportunities for logging
Application level firewalls (ALF) / proxy server
The Application Level Firewall is switched into the data stream between the client and server, and flow in the direction of the client server. For any TCP service, therefore, a separate program (the so-called proxy) is essential.
1. proxy works depending on the direction of the data stream
2. malfunction of the proxy is largely a security breach
3. IP address remains invisible
4. good / diverse logging options
1. due to machining on OSI Layer 7 – lower performance
2. not all firewalls and applications are proxy-friendly
Stateful Inspection
Introduced by Checkpoint filter technology, Stateful Inspection is capable of checking the current status and context information to remember or take them into account when filtering.
Given this, though the firewall operates mainly at Layer 3, or 4 – eg averted the fragmentation attack or manipulated in progress / response are thoroughly detected. Thus, Stateful Inspection Firewalls represent a mishmash between a pure filtering and application level firewalls that combine the best of both worlds.
SPI (Staful Packet Inspection) firewalls are now the group / Technology firewalls that are most widely used and have kept even feed on (cheap) DSL routers.
Structure of a (safe) firewall system
When you are low on your budget, it can suffice, to protect your machine with a single firewall. In this case, the Intranet is still protected, even if the outer firewall should have been compromised. In addition, computers / servers can be placed in this DMZ without the need to provide equal access to the entire internal network.
Personal firewalls / Desktop Firewalls
Personal firewalls (also known as desktop firewalls), as the name implies, are used on the PC. A related issue is the use of proxy servers, such as Wingate. If you have further questions about this topic, then please post them in our forum.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19029 | Those That Follow Thee
Blessed are those that don’t follow
In the ways of the impious,
Stand in the way sinners do
Or sit in the seat of contemptuous.
Delight is in Your Law, Lord;
Joy should be found in Thee!
I Meditate day and night on Thy Word
And I shall never ever cease!
Those that follow Thee are like a tree,
Planted by the river of flowing water.
It bears fruit in its season; its leaves
Will never wither, and it shall prosper!
Wheat’s chaff is the wicked and their way –
They will be blown elsewhere by the wind
They shan’t outlive the judgment day –
Their unholy traditions shall perish then.
This is based heavily on the first Psalm. 🙂 (Shout out to TR who just posted a summary a couple of weeks ago for this psalm!) A long time ago, I thought about writing a poem based on each psalm, but I never did. I did get to Psalm 88 (Draw Nigh!) and Psalm 96 (The Lord Of Hosts Reigns Always!) but never got much farther. Or so I thought. Turns out, I wrote this one and forgot about it. And never posted it. So here it is. 🙂 Perhaps someday I will reach that goal. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19037 | Author Topic: Crypto infected emails (Read 2470 times)
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Offline gfish2
• Newbie
• *
• Posts: 1
Crypto infected emails
« on: March 24, 2016, 05:51:07 PM »
We have had alot of small business clients call/email us over the last 2 weeks about strange emails they started getting (First reported to us was 3/8) and the number of them has increased over the last two weeks. One client opened the attachment on 3/22 and his PC and files on the server were cryptolocked/walled/variation. The emails all appear as but when inspecting the header information the IP addresses are always different and doing an ip trace appear to originate from India, Turkey, China, Mexico, Denmark, Iran or the ones I can remember off hand. They all have a ZIP attachment and either 0 or 1 line of text. The text general is some form of Hey check out the xxx in the attached file. Each location has Endpoint Protection Plus ran by the small business console on their server. All shields are on and the firewall is enabled, most locations also have a spam filter (hardware or service) that isn't catching these emails either and a separate anti-malware program. On PCs that have Outlook installed I have ran Boot scans, other Anti-Virus scans, malware scans, so on and so forth. None of the scans have detected anything. I'm not sure how I would go about submitting something like this as downloading or opening the zip file isn't possible without sitting off the crypto. Is there an email to forward something like this to for investigation?
Offline Eddy
• Avast Evangelist
• Maybe Bot
• ***
• Posts: 31356
• Watching (over?) you
• Malware removal, Biljart and other things.
Re: Crypto infected emails
« Reply #1 on: March 24, 2016, 06:04:56 PM » |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19040 | Designing prototype hardware - power supply and consumption thoughts
I am in the beginning of the process designing the hardware that will surround the onethinx module. The first prototype will probably just contain a “hacked” development board. I have a few questions in the “best practice” category:
• de-soldering R6 and connecting a 3.6V lithium non-rechargable cell directly to TP-M2, you see any problems here? (3.6v is a bit close to the 3.7v that will fry the deivce)
• any other parts on the development board that will consume power (if I remember to power them down of course)?
• have you made any calculations or measurements for real-world power consumption. Like how long will a device run on a 1A/h cell if transmitting say every 5th minute? |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19041 | Jump to content
CCleaner Community Forums
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About ProTruckDriver
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Law Enforcement, Homeland Security, Computers, Traveling.
1. Thank you for the update, I use CCleaner daily.
2. Thank you for the update.
3. Thank you for the update. Merry Christmas to everyone and please drive safe this Holiday Season.
4. Thank you for the new release. Great Work.
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6. I got one of them fake calls from Microsoft a few months ago! I guess I got the guy mad because I kept on asking him "What's a Microsoft". He hung up after about 2 minutes of me asking him.
7. Thank you, it's working good.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19047 | 1. wes008's Avatar
Is there any plan available on AT&T that would allow me to have a (android) smartphone connected and only pay for data? Or maybe pay for data and do pay-as-you-go for voice and text?
01-29-2011 11:47 AM
2. Verdes8891's Avatar
No, the only plans that are for data only on the smart phones are for deaf people. And for that you have to submit medical and doctor paperwork in order to qualify for that. Id say your best bet is the tablets. For using the occasional voice you can do that with Google voice then
01-29-2011 12:14 PM
3. wes008's Avatar
Thanks. I'm actually trying to get this (data only plan) for the Atrix :P Very interesting about the deaf people thing. Never knew that.
01-29-2011 09:40 PM
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19055 | 1. WPCentral Question's Avatar
Dead as of May 15, don't remember seeing a post on this at the time.
10-10-2015 06:00 PM
2. PepperdotNet's Avatar
Yes, I noticed that last time I used it. I haven't paid them a dime in years though, only time I ever go there anymore is when I get a text msg containing a free rental code.
10-10-2015 08:26 PM
3. pwrof3's Avatar
Bummer. I use them frequently for a cheap rental. Mobile site works well enough, though.
12-30-2015 05:00 PM
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The 5th of July
Owl City
The 5th of July Lyrics
[Verse 1]
My mom woke my dad up
And said, "It's time to leave!"
So they jumped into the old Caprice
And tore off into the night
On the 4th of July
They flew through the darkness
Driving like Jehu
And they rolled into Ottumwa
Before the sun began to rise
On the 4th of July
And in walks Bob and Janice
Rachel's on her way
To peek in through the window
Hoping to hear her grandson cry
On the 4th of July
[Verse 2]
My mother watched the fireworks
From her hospital bed
And after it was all over
She held me for the first time
On the 5th of July
I've got my mother's brown eyes
And my dad's quiet way
And Grandma Rachel’s love for music
The morning I arrived
On the 5th of July
Deep in Iowa country
In a Heavenly Hideaway
On the shores of Lake Rathbun
My folks brought me home
On the 5th of July
And that was when
Life began for me
And that was when
Life began for me
A teacher and a mechanic
Brought me into this world
They loved me with all their hearts
Since the day I opened my eyes
On the 5th of July
And that was when
Life began for me
And that was when
Life began for me
More on Genius
About “The 5th of July”
“The 5th of July” is a song by Adam Young’s electronica project Owl City and was released on the 1st of December, 2017 as part of the Reel 1 EP. The song will also appear on Owl City’s forthcoming 2018 album, Cinematic. The song’s title is a reference to the day after the United States of America’s Independence Day on the 4th of July.
• What have the artists said about the song?
Owl City released a short video where he explained the personal meaning of the song:
• Has adam mentioned the exact time he was born?
The hour of his birth is not mentioned neither in the song nor in interviews he gave, but we can assume he was born just in the beginning of the day of the 5th of July, considering his parents rushed to the hospital on the night of the 4th of July as it is mentioned in the first verse and that she held Adam for the first time after the fireworks as mentioned in the second verse.
"The 5th of July" Track Info |
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Uber Everywhere
Tory Lanez
Uber Everywhere Lyrics
Took the Uber to your house, yeah
Took the Uber to your house, yeah
I just took the Uber, yeah yeah
'Cause I'm rollin' with the shooters, yeah yeah
Hella choppers, hella rugers, yeah yeah
Down to lift you like a movie, yeah yeah yeah
Shawty always got the lean, yeah
She want to fuck the One Umbrella team, yeah
Put your bitch in Uber X, yeah yeah
In Dubai, I Uber jet, yeah yeah
I took a Uber to your crib
Ain't gon' lie girl, I was fucked up off the shits
Fuck with me, I bring two bad ones to the crib
Fuck with me, I bring new backwoods to the crib
And every bitch a nigga fucked be on my dick
No, I don't know, I ain't always come down to this
My only rule is just don't hit me on my trap phone
You know I can't get caught up on my trap phone
Five stars to my Uber, yeah
Have me smoke up in the Uber
'Cause I don't need no Xan', need no lean
I keep this shit clean, Hennessy and weed when I do her
Uber on the way, yeah yeah
Told you get on your way, yeah yeah
Roundin' up the bitches like I'm Nino
Took this flow from Travis, I know he know (Straight up)
I got a brand new scheme for kickin' up out of this
When she come up in the crib, ain't suckin' on no dick
I'ma put her in that Uber and put her on that trip
Then halfway through the ride, I'm cancellin' that shit, yeah
Halfway through the ride I'm cancellin' that shit, yeah
Shit, you the shit, with the Kylie Jenner lips
Young singin' ass nigga, might give Kylie Jenner dick
With them Blac Chyna hips, they collide in this shit
Oh I knew you was a trick, you slip and slide in that shit
It be me and Play Picasso, ain't no Metro in this hoe
I be stuntin', I be gassed like it's petrol in this hoe
And them bitches vote for me. it's like I'm Pedro in this hoe
I be changin' all my exes like a gecko in this hoe, yeah
Ridin' round the city with the lean in my face
Kellz ain't readin' books but he got magazines on his waist
I might swipe you for these bottles, got 13 on the way
I'm a fly nigga, ain't no Robin jeans on my waist
Now I skrrt skrrt all that Uber whip around the way
Uber everywhere
More on Genius
About “Uber Everywhere”
Rapper MadeinTYO made noise in summer 2015 with his standout hit, “Uber Everywhere.” The track was so good, it received a remix from Travis Scott and now one from Tory Lanez. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19136 | Statement-making stripes to spice up your winter wardrobe
Time to make like Bella, Gigi and Chiara and layer some lines into your look
5 ways to style your favourite beachwear for Aussie winter
GRAZIA spoke to long-time creative head of Tigerlily Amelia Mather for these clever tips
How to pack the perfect Greek Island holiday wardrobe
Hot fashion tips from shoemaker-to-the-stars Christina Martini who lives there most of the year |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19139 | Birdsong (2012)
As a kid I was a big reader, so much so that it affected the teenage me in a strange way. I shambled my way through day to day life with an inner monologue consisting of a poorly written commentary of whatever was happening on the outside. It made me awkward around people and perhaps […]
Read more "Birdsong (2012)" |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19169 | Keep Your Pet Healthy in 2020 Keep Your Pet Healthy in 2020
What to Do If Your Dog Panics When You Leave...
hyper dogSeparation anxiety is a common but serious problem for many dogs and their owners.
A dog that at first seems just a bit overeager to see you or is excessively affectionate can develop separation anxiety under the right circumstances.
Common behaviors in a dog with separation anxiety include:
• A need to be in the same room you're in, within a few feet of you
• Frenzied greetings, whether you've been out of his sight five minutes or five hours
• A noticeable mood change when he senses you're preparing to leave the house
• Doing things while you're gone he doesn't do in your presence
Dr. Becker's Comments:
Many dog parents confuse some of the milder symptoms of separation anxiety with gestures of doggie devotion.
Before your dog has her first full blown anxiety episode, it's easy to mistake her panting, pawing greeting when you return from a two minute dash to the mailbox as simply the unconditional love of a dog for her owner.
Another mistake dog owners often make is to assume the destructive activity their dogs engage in during an episode of separation anxiety is misbehavior. The misguided belief is that the bored, grumpy dog is exacting revenge on her owner for being left behind.
Separation Anxiety – What It Is, What It Looks Like
If your dog suffers from true separation anxiety, he's having a panic attack similar to the ones humans have. This is a condition over which he has no control.
Canine separation anxiety characteristically involves at least one and often several of the following behaviors while you're away from home:
• Non-stop whining, howling or barking
• Physical signs of anxiety such as excessive panting, drooling and pacing
• Relieving himself indoors
• Destruction of flooring, doors, windows, furniture, and other items inside the house; tearing up plants and shrubs and digging holes in the yard outside the house
• Efforts to dig or paw his way out of either his crate or another enclosed space, often resulting in self-injury
Your dog's destructive, out-of-control behavior while he's in the midst of an episode isn't deliberate or "payback" for being left alone – it's coming from the very real terror he's feeling.
Unfortunately, all many dog owners are able to see upon returning home to a mess or an angry neighbor complaining the dog has been howling for hours is the problem their pet has created.
If all your dog does while you're away is chew on the occasional sock or slipper, or pull a few pieces of paper from the trash, chances are he's not anxious. He's likely just bored or doing what dogs are designed to do, which is explore the world with their noses and mouths.
It's easy to distinguish a case of separation anxiety from doggie boredom. The behaviors that result from separation anxiety happen only when you're not around and every time you're not around. It's also likely your dog has learned your routine when you're preparing to leave the house and shows signs of anxiety before you go.
Be aware that some health conditions, for example hypothyroidism and rabies vaccinosis, can cause behavioral symptoms similar in nature to the symptoms of separation anxiety, so if you're not sure what you're dealing with, make an appointment with your dog's integrative vet to discuss your concerns.
If your dog has separation anxiety, it's important to understand the very real fear that grips him and prompts the destructive behavior. Helping your dog overcome the disorder will involve dealing with his anxiety, first – not the behavior it provokes.
Causes of Separation Anxiety
No definitive information exists on why some dogs develop separation anxiety and others don't.
Some dogs used to the constant presence of their owner will have an episode the first time they're left alone. Other dogs will develop a problem over time.
Well-loved pups that wind up at a shelter due to the death or illness of an owner can become panicked when they're left alone at home by their new family.
Significant changes in a dog's routine, like a move or the loss of a family member or other pet have also been known to trigger anxiety disorders in some dogs.
Natural disasters like tornadoes, earthquakes or floods, during which pets get separated from their people are also precipitating events for separation anxiety in some dogs.
How to Help a Dog with Separation Anxiety
If your dog suffers from a relatively mild form of the disorder, there are many ways to reduce her anxiety and increase her tolerance for being alone. Some of these things are simple to do; others will require effort and patience. Some methods work with certain dogs but not others, so be prepared to try different things.
Ignore your dog for a short period before you leave the house and when you return. The idea is to make your comings and goings a non-event by taking no notice of her anxious behavior. Trying to soothe her anxiety with attention has the effect of rewarding the behavior, which only encourages more of it.
Desensitize your pup to all the sights and sounds involved when you're preparing to leave the house. In other words, go through all the motions of leaving without leaving.
Since you probably don't know exactly which cues your dog is reacting to, you'll need to observe her carefully and also make a mental (or written) list of your preparing-to-leave activities. These will include things like turning lights on or off, putting on shoes or a coat, adjusting the thermostat, picking up a briefcase or purse, jingling car keys, walking to the door, opening the door, and so forth.
Start with the first preparing-to-leave activity you normally perform and do it over and over – again, without actually leaving the house -- until your pup no longer takes much notice of that particular action. Then add the next activity. Then the next and so on, until you're able to leave the house for at least an hour and your pup remains calm while you're gone.
If this seems like a long, tedious process, it can be – but it's often very effective. From start to finish can take eight weeks, sometimes much longer. If you don't feel your dog is making good progress or you feel you need guidance, I recommend you talk with your dog's veterinarian or a specialist in canine behavior.
Leave your dog with an article of clothing or blanket with your scent on it.
Leave a treat-release toy like the Clever K-9 for your dog to focus on in your absence. Place small treats around the house for her to discover, along with her favorite toys.
Add a flower essence blend like Separation Anxiety from Spirit Essences to her drinking water. This works wonders for some dogs. And put on some soothing doggie music before you leave.
Invest in a D.A.P.™ collar or diffuser for your dog. D.A.P.™ is an acronym for Dog Appeasing Pheromone and is designed to have a calming affect on dogs. The collar seems to work well for many dog owners with pups suffering from separation anxiety and other stress-related behaviors. For more information on pheromone products, including the D.A.P.™, visit
Make sure your dog gets plenty of heart pumping exercise, playtime, mental stimulation and TLC. The more full her life is when you're around, the calmer she'll be when you're not.
What If the Problem is Severe?
If your dog's separation anxiety is severe enough that he is very destructive when left alone or you're concerned he might hurt himself, you'll need to confine him for his own safety and to keep your home and belongings intact – at least in the interim while you try the suggestions listed above.
I recommend crating your dog. If he doesn't have a crate, or has one he doesn't like or is fearful of, I recommend training (or re-training) him to use it.
A crate will allow you to work with your pup's natural desire to be a den dweller. Dogs in the wild seek out small, dark, safe spots to inhabit.
Crate size is important. You want a space that is not too small, but not too big. Your dog should be able to stand up, lie down and turn around in his crate.
The first rule of crate training: never force your dog into a crate. You never want to introduce a crate, shove your dog into it, close the door and leave him. That's how you create a raging case of separation anxiety, not cure one.
At my house, we never pull a dog out of his crate, either. The crate should represent a safe zone for your dog, so you never want to make his safe zone feel unsafe to him by forcing him into it or out of it.
The second rule of crate training: it's all good.
In other words, everything about the crate must be a good thing from your dog's perspective. Treats go in the crate. So do chew toys, raw bones, and other special indulgences.
What I do at home is drape a blanket over the back half of my dogs' crates to create a quiet, dark (den-like) environment. My dogs use their crates as bedrooms – they go into them to sleep.
If your pup has had no bad experiences with a crate and you create a safe, dark little den for him inside, he might just go right in voluntarily as soon as you present his new space to him. If so, that's excellent!
Don't leave him alone in the crate for more than about a half-hour initially, and work up to longer periods of time. It will really help decrease his anxiety if he learns to enjoy his 'bedroom' before you put him in there when the time comes to leave him home alone.
If your dog has a serious aversion to his little den, read tips for Overcoming Hate for the Crate.
While you're working with your dog to resolve his separation anxiety, you may need to make other arrangements for him when you're away from home. A few suggestions:
• Take your dog with you, if possible.
• Leave him with a caretaker -- maybe a friend who works from home or a retired neighbor or relative
• Hire a dog sitter to stay in your home with your dog
• Take him to a doggie day care or kennel
• Discuss homeopathic, nutraceutical and herbal relaxants with your holistic vet
With time, patience and experimentation with different methods for calming and desensitization, most dogs with separation anxiety can be relieved of the worst of their troubling symptoms. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19173 | If you moved to a new phone and still have your old device with your 1SE on it, you can subscribe to PRO to easily back up and restore your videos.
On the other hand, if you restored your phone or moved to a new one but don't have your old device anymore, subscribing to PRO won't make you recover all your snippets since those were never stored on our servers.
Here you can find some tips to possibly recover your snippets from iCloud. Your PRO subscription will allow you to safely back up your snippets from now on in case you change phones again or something happens to your device.
Please note that if you created several limited backups with your Basic account it's not possible to restore and combine all of them to recover all of your snippets.
. . .
Tags: #recovery #retrieve
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19175 | Internal linking: why and how to do it
Internal linking: why and how to do it
SEO Onpage app analysis tells you to add internal links if your text doesn’t contain them. But what are internal links? How should you add them? And what pages should you link to? That’s what we’ll discuss here.
An internal link is any link from one page on your website to another page on your website. Both your users and search engines use links to find content on your website. Your users use links to navigate through your site and to find the content they want to find. Search engines also use links to navigate your site. They have a hard time showing a page in the search results if there are no links to it. That’s why internal linking is so important.
There are several types of links. In the SEO Onpage app analysis , we’re talking about links within your content. By that, we mean the piece of text you’ve written in the editor. We call them contextual links. Contextual links point your users to interesting and related content. Moreover, they allow search engines to find out what content on your site is related and to determine the value of that content. The more links an important page receives, the more important it will seem to search engines. Therefore, good internal links are crucial to your SEO.
Adding links in WordPress is very easy. First, select the piece of text you want to add the link to in the editor. Then click the link icon (image 1). Then paste or type the URL you want to link to.
When adding internal links, always consider what pages would be best to link to. Start by considering what articles are most important when it comes to the topic you’re discussing. It can be quite difficult to keep track of this, especially if your site is quite big. If you have SEO Premium, our internal linking tool does the thinking for you. It shows you the most relevant related pages and suggests adding links to them.
Remember that you want to link to your most frequent pages most often. Keep track of how many links your pages receive on your posts and pages overviews. The left column shows how many links are on the page itself. The right column shows how many links are pointing to that post. If your most important pages aren’t receiving the most links, you should reconsider your linking strategy.
Internal links allow users and your search engines to navigate your site. If a post isn’t linked to at all, that page won’t be shown in the search results. Moreover, the number of links pointing to your pages gives Google information about what pages are most important to you. Therefore, it’s crucial to add internal links to every page on your site. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19177 | As an Admin, you may not be ready to roll out all of Lattice's core tools (Reviews, Goals, Check-ins: 1:1s & Updates, & Feedback) to your company.
Therefore, we give you the ability to make specific tools visible for use to your Company. If you would like to hide a core feature from your organization, select that feature in the "Admin" section, then select "Settings" from the secondary dropdown and click on the red "Disable" button.
Hidden tools will have a crossed out eye symbol next to them on the admin navigation page to show that the tool is not visible to your organization.
If you would like to "unhide" the tool from you employees, simply return to the settings of that feature. Scroll to the bottom of the page and hit the "Enable" button.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19204 | • Welcome to the new forums! Server IP: smp.hometownmc.com
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I was banned from Hometown Mc
My Username is Bicycleguy7
I was banned for griefing but i dont know why.
I was banned by MelanieBeeDot.
I think I should be unbaned because I don't remember greifing anything... if I did... i'm sorry and either didn't mean to or didn't realize I was greifing.
I want to come back because a good friend of mine recommended it to me and i was having a lot of fun playing on it.
Since you claim not to remember griefing, I have provided the screenshots I took of the area:
[Image: O4DvXhL.png]
And here are the roll back logs afterwards showing you were the one who broke it all:
[Image: W0ukRxp.png]
Hopefully that'll jog your memory. Now, you'll need to answer a few questions for me before I will consider unbanning you. In 1-2 complete sentences please.
1. Is griefing allowed on this server?
2. If a build is not claimed or appears abandoned, is it ok to take blocks from it then?
3. How does griefing affect other players and our minecraft community?
4. What have you learned from this experience?
It makes them waste time trying to rebuild.
Not to accidently or purposely hold the destroy button.
I'm really sorry... I remember now, i didn't mean to do that, I accidenly pressed the destroy button and my screen went crazy, PLease let me back in, I really enjoy the server.
Please re-read my instructions above my questions and update your reply accordingly. I asked for 1-2 sentence answers for each question. You need to put some effort into your responses so I know that you understand the rules and that what you did wrong and to show you actually care.
1. Griefing is not allowed on the server.
2. Even if a build appears to be abandoned you still cannot take from it.
3. When someone griefs, it hurts the other person's feelings and makes them waste time rebuilding in which they could be doing something else.
4. I have learned to avoid clicking the destroy button when in someone else's build, and to immediately tell someone about it if I accidentally destroy something.
Thank you. You’ll need to return the 40 slime blocks you stole to melaniebeedot upon your return to the server. You have been unbanned.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19212 | How Often Do Babies Need to Eat During the Night?
Part of bringing a new baby home is waking up several times each night to feed him. All babies are different and operate on their own schedule, so resist comparing your little one to her siblings or other babies you know. In general, infants need to eat at certain intervals because their tiny tummies only hold a small amount of food at one time. If your baby is having trouble sleeping at night, talk to his pediatrician to rule out conditions other than hunger, such as acid reflux.
Breast Milk vs. Formula
Breast milk is digested faster than formula, so your method of feeding plays a role in how often your baby needs to eat during the night 3. If you are nursing, your baby is likely to wake more often than a bottle-fed baby because his tummy is emptying more quickly. In the beginning, your baby's nighttime eating habits are likely to be irregular, but as time goes by, you'll start to detect a pattern and can expect how many times he'll wake up to eat.
Age of Baby
Newborn babies should nurse every one and a half to three hours and should never go more than four hours without eating, according to Bottle-fed babies probably won't be hungry as often but should still eat at regular intervals of four hours or less. The time between feedings becomes longer as your baby gets older. There's very little chance that your baby will sleep through a feeding, but if you wake up and it's been longer than usual, you can go ahead and feed him anyway, especially in the first few weeks of life when it's not recommended to let too much time pass between feedings.
Amount of Food
If your little one falls back to sleep after nursing on only one side, or only finishing half his bottle, chances are he's going to wake up soon after and want the rest of his meal. In the beginning, it's important to feed on demand, but as your baby gets older, you can gently wake him up and try to get him to finish his food. This way he's full and you can both sleep for longer stretches, but it also helps prevent him from getting into the habit of needing to eat every hour or less during the night.
Growth Spurts
When your baby hits a growth spurt, it might seem like no amount of food satisfies him. It's normal to be hungrier than usual when he's about to grow, so during these phases, he might need to eat more often during the day and could wake up more often to eat at night. Growth spurts typically occur in the second week of life and at two, four and six months of age, according to If your baby's appetite increases at these ages, he's probably just fueling up for normal growth and development. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19215 | @article {7428, title = {Dentistry; Research conducted at University of Maryland has provided new information about dentistry}, journal = {Health Insurance Law Weekly}, year = {2010}, pages = {50}, abstract = {2010 APR 18 - ( http://www.newsrx.com NewsRx.com) -- In this recent study, researchers in the United States conducted a study To examine the convergence of an aging population and a decreased availability of dental care coverage using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (see also http://www.newsrx.com/library/topics/Dentistry.html Dentistry). We calculate national estimates of the number and characteristics of those persons age 51 years and above covered by dental insurance by labor force, retirement status, and source of coverage.}, keywords = {Healthcare, Medicare/Medicaid/Health Insurance, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction}, url = {http://proquest.umi.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/pqdweb?did=2003773611andFmt=7andclientId=17822andRQT=309andVName=PQD}, author = {Anonymous} } |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19218 | HTTP Redirect without 3xx HTTP status code
Secure Redirect
Redirect to a url without being tracked!
Paste the link and get your secure link!
Redirect URL without being tracked.
Remove HTTP referer.
NOT return the HTTP code 3xx.
Don't let bots track the link.
Keep your links safe!
With just two easy steps...
1. Fill in your URL:
2. Get your anonymous URL:
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19229 | 7 Matching Annotations
1. Dec 2019
1. Jaume Ferrer
Jaume was a Majorcam Sailor who sailed down the african coast, He said to find the legendary river of gold. this map shows the ship of Jaume and his journey
2. Oct 2016
1. shadow at evening rising to meet you;
2. Fear death by water
Like a sailor drowning
3. He passed the stages of his age and youth
The drowned Phlebas saw eternity in the sea.
4. Phlebas
5. Tiresias
as previously mentioned, Tiresias lived life both as a man initially, but he was transformed into a women for several years. He makes appearances in many Greek legends and stories, but the one that stands out to many is his role in Oedipus the King. He speaks truths that people often don't want to know (like when Oedipus asks who killed Laius). His prophesies always come true through the actions of others (even as they try to prevent it). Even in the afterlife, he advises Odysseus, which is what is alluded to in the following line: "bring the sailor home from sea." Tiresias experiences a doubleness which allows him to see more.
3. Feb 2014
1. Discovering this, he earnestly entreated them
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19238 | Anda di halaman 1dari 24
What is Value?
Values are broad preferences concerning courses of action or outcomes. Basic convictions/ enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end state of existence.
Certain Characteristics
They are relatively stable and enduring Values are not fixed, but they change slowly
Generational Values
Values contain content attributes( mode of conduct) and intensity attributes
Values and Ethics
Ethics is an extension of value considerations. There is increasing evidence that ethical practices translate into better financial performance for organizations. 188 Fortune 500 companies which were convicted for unethical practices had significantly lower return on assets as well as returns on sales. In India companies like Tata, WIPRO, Infosys and L&T show how ethics and profitability go together.
Types of Values ( Milton Rokeach Value Survey)
Terminal Values- the desirable end-states of existence ( peace, a comfortable life, freedom, working for the unprivileged) Instrumental values-the preferable modes of behaviour, or means of achieving the terminal values ( hardworking, helpful, responsible)
Sources of Value System
A significant portion is established during early years The environment in which the individual is brought up also influences ones value system Certain values are developed over time and these are continuously reinforced. In America achievement, peace, cooperation, equity and democracy are societal values. In India tolerance, sacrifice, respect, god fearing and renunciation are important social values.
Values Across Culture
(Greet Hofstead's findings)
Power distance Individualism versus collectivism Masculinity Vs femininity Uncertainty avoidance Long Vs Short term orientation Indulgence Vs restrains
Indulgence Vs restrains
This is the most recent addition to Hofsteads typology. Indulgence is the degree to which it is alright for people to enjoy life, have fun and fulfill natural human desires. Restrain is the extent to which there are social norms governing the gratification of basic human desires and human behaviour.
India Vs USA
Value Dimensions Power distance Individualism versus collectivism Masculinity Vs femininity Score ( India) 77 48 Score ( USA) 40 91
Uncertainty avoidance
Long Vs Short term orientation Indulgence Vs restraint
Can you recognize Hofsteads Value dimensions highlighted in the following statements?
Cooperation is considered better because it promotes harmony between people. People strive for personal achievement People believe in minimizing inequality People are more willing to take risks and more comfortable with individual differences. Cultural values are oriented towards future
What is an attitude?
Attitude can be defined as a persistent psychological tendency to feel and behave in a particular way. They are evaluative statements- either favorable or unfavorable concerning objects, people, or events
Job related Attitudes
Job satisfaction Job involvement Organisational commitment
The Components of an Attitude
Cognitive component- the opinion or belief statement of an attitude. Affective/Evaluative/Emotional component-ones feeling or how you feel about a particular thing. Behavioral component- an intention to behave in certain way toward someone or something.
Are Attitudes Consistent?
People seek consistency among their attitudes and between their attitudes and their behaviour. When there is an inconsistency, attempts are made either to alter the attitudes or the behaviour or to develop rationalization for the discrepancy.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Leon Festinger)
Cognitive Dissonance refers to any incompatibility that an individual might perceive between two or more of his or her attitudes or between his or her behaviour and attitudes. The desire to reduce the dissonance would be determined by The importance of the elements The degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over the elements The rewards that may be involved in the dissonance
Influences on Attitude Formation
Direct Experience
Social Learning
Attitude Behaviour Relationship
Attitude Behaviour relationship is influenced by some moderating variablesImportance of the Attitude Specificity of Attitude Accessibility Social Pressure
How to change attitudes?
Persuasion Communication New information Resolving the discrepancies Influence of friends & peers Reduced relevance of an object Use of fear and reward Training
Work Attitudes
Job satisfaction
Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Job dissatisfaction
Workplace deviance behavior
What is job satisfaction?
Job satisfaction is the overall attitude of an individual toward his or her job. E.A. Locke(1976) defines job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experience.
How satisfied people are?
People are generally satisfied with their jobs. Satisfaction level is going down Satisfaction level varies for different groups JS is a relatively stable disposition.
Determinants of Job Satisfaction
Organisational Factors
Reward system Nature of work Quality of supervision Working condition Supportive colleagues Decentralisation of power
Individual Determinants
Status and seniority Age Marital Status No. of dependents Personality General life satisfaction Personality-job fit
The Effect of JS on Work Behaviour
Job performance Absenteeism Turnover Accidents Customer satisfaction OCB Physical and mental health
What satisfies Indian Employees (Results of 17 research studies conducted between 1965to 1997) Managers/Supervisors- Responsibility, work
itself, achievement, recognition , relationship with co-workers are the most important factors contributing to the job satisfaction of Indian managers/supervisor. Domestic life and adequate money also satisfy them. Workers-Most important factor is money. This is followed by job security. ( 12 out of 16 studies confirm this). |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19242 | • Dorsey Bryant posted an update 2 months, 1 week ago
An iPhone could be your best pal in every area of your life. This can present you communication, Online, images, music and video. Many recent ones may even answer questions for you together with have discussion with anyone. To make sure of which you still own personal your own personal iPhone and that it will not own you, read upon.
You will need to restart your apple iphone over a semi-regular foundation. Giving it this little restart from time to period keeps all your programs, programs and also other functions working smoothly together with properly. To do this, just shut off your phone, leave off of for 30 seconds or perhaps more and restart often the device.
To get typically the most out of your iphone 3gs, use it to be a storage space device. You can make use of your own iPhone to retail outlet all sorts of data files with the help connected with readily available software. Apart from the obvious music files, you possibly can store pictures, documents plus more. The best advantage for you to this may be the truth that will you always have usage of those files wherever you decide to go.
Use the headphone cord that may help you take pictures. This can be challenging to help take a picture that is inside focus in the event that you are pushing control button that is on the actual telephone. Instead, push the cord’s button; typically the slight movement will not necessarily affect your apple iphone from all, allowing for you for you to take a good crisp, clear photograph.
Do you only drop your brand-new iphone 3gs in the sink or even a pond? Don’t worry! Be sure to don’t turn the mobile phone in. Instead, lightly
Have a look at These Tips To Get good at Your IPhone out it as very much as you can. Avoid using a blow dryer. After that, position the phone in a small bag filled up with white rice and get away from the idea sit overnight. This grain will absorb just about any normal water left in it.
Occurs iPhone as a exercise tool. With the armband and one of typically the many great physical fitness programs available, you can employ the iPhone’s GPS UNIT to track your runs, motorbike routes, taking walks ways in addition to more. Many of these apps automatically sync your exercise routine information with the website, letting you easily monitor your progress. They could as well sync along with your beloved social networks.
You could use your current iphone to store all sorts regarding documents. The only approach to do this, having said that, is to purchase the i phone drive app, yet once you do you may store almost anything on your cellphone. This makes it possible for your phone to operate pretty much completely as a mini portable laptop or computer.
Make your own personal ringtone. If this ringtones on your iphone perform nothing for you, consider producing your own. You can mail a document from your computer in your iphone. To do this kind of, make sure the report is a compatible music. Mail it from the computer for your phone making use of either gopro wifi or even some sort of usb cable connection.
If if you’re a business particular person, it usually is particularly beneficial for a person to come with an iPhone intended for work. But not only will a person be able to call up and text your fellow workers from anyplace, nonetheless a person can also send e-mail, visit work sites, and access important info by anywhere at any time period.
For inputting messages about your iPhone, you may allow or modify typically the car correct feature. That have will change a phrase that you simply type wrong even though coming into a text communication to a buddy or perhaps household member on the most logical word that it should be. If you do not want this particular feature you can easily remove it in Settings-> General-> Keyboard section.
You may well take a new picture with no shaking your own personal iPhone. This volume control control keys in the headphone cord can be what helps. Keep your own hands steady and concentrate on the item you can be trying to capture. If you have your subject ready, simply press the button on your own headphone cord.
Many folks expend a good lot of money each and just about every 30 days on ringtones intended for their iphone 3gs. You can save dollars if you use often the Ringtone Manufacturer app to create your very own. The app is completely 100 % free and it shows an individual how to generate ringtones out of many of your best songs.
Set your iPhone to retrieve emails and other data less frequently. Many people have their phones arranged to get back these issues every minute, which pumps out battery life faster in comparison with almost anything else. In case you instead set your current phone to be able to get back records every a few as well as 10 minutes, you will conserve your own battery and for that reason, make the phone more valuable.
An individual don’t have to set up with Siri’s mechanical voice, there are various other choices. Discover the Siri function which is in the general-> settings section. Then you can definitely arranged the language to British, German or French. You can also change the accent of which Siri uses, with alternatives including British or Foreign. In fact, the British edition of Siri provides a male voice.
You might not necessarily also have moment to finish composing your current email so the iphone 3gs allows you to tap into the stop button, as opposed to closing your email completely. You’ll get the possibility to save typically the unfinished message as a draft in this manner. If anyone select yes, you could accessibility to the email within your breezes folder on a good in the future time.
Would certainly you like a fast in addition to efficient way to help remove messages on your own personal iPhone? It is basic with this quick technique. Just swipe across a great email with the finger, plus you can delete it. If it is some sort of Gmail bank account, you can certainly adjust the settings thus this swipe archives the particular message instead of trashing it.
To truly improve the power of your own iPhone, go through often the tutorials of which Apple provides. They will take anyone through each step to be sure you do not get confused about things to do. The tutorials may be accessed anytime you face the issue you do not necessarily understand.
The iPhone can easily do two things. It could possibly either make all moments and situations in lifestyle a little easier. Or perhaps, it can truly be a great indispensable component of you that pulls up your entire time in addition to attention. To stay Any individual Can Get Great Outcomes With This Cell phone Advertising Advice of your life in addition to technology, use all the particular tips from the document today. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19253 | Average frustrated chump
From Incel Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Average frustrated chump (or AFC) is a now obsolete term that was commonly used in the 1990s in the incelosphere to describe incel people. The state of being AFC was referred to as "AFCdom" or "AFCness".
See Also[edit | edit source]
GameNeggingSMVBeautyCharismaOrbiterFashionBullyingLMSPUAAssholeTalk therapyIOIDominance hierarchyIODSocial circleSlayerN.L.P
CoolCharismaStoicAssholeDark triadNice guyAnxiousConfidentAsperger's SyndromeIQRationality
Pick Up Artists
Ross Jeffriesr/TRPReal Social DynamicsRooshVOwen CookPlayer SupremeWinston WuList of fraudulent people in the seduction community
HypergamyCourtshipCasual sexPump and dumpRapeBodyguard hypothesisBetabuxReproductive successSex driveBateman's principleFemale passivitySexual conflictSlutFeminine imperativeNonredamancyAdverse effects of inceldomMaslow's hierarchy of needsHomosexualityHomocel hypothesisDemographics of inceldomPolygynyPolyandryMonogamyMate guardingFisherian runaway
Other theories
Timeless quotes on womenFemales are socially ineptWomen-are-wonderful effectGynocentrismMatthew effectPolitical correctnessVirtue signalingApex fallacyClown worldFeminismSexual revolutionFemale subordinationFemale hypoagencyFemale solipsismFemme fataleBriffault's lawHalo effectAntifragilityTriggeredScientific BlackpillScientific Blackpill (Supplemental) |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19256 | Dravidian Language Family
Dravidian Language Family
The Dravidian language is surviving in various regions in India. It is a group of many languages and one of the largest language families in the world. It is uncomfortable to any other language family. The people widely used in South India, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka. In the ancient times, the merchants travel from one place to another for trading various objects. Some migrate from one kingdom to another, this made to evolute the Dravidian language in various regions of India and other Southern areas. Like this the language mixed with the local linguists and from the new language in the Dravidian language.
Evolution of Dravidian Language
The Dravidian language origin is the combination of 73 languages. Around 222 million people speaking in Southern India, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The Tamil traders spread the Tamil language to Burma, Indonesia, Guyana and other Eastern languages. Especially the country Brahui people are speaking the entire Dravidian language and 200,000 Afghan people speaking the Dravidian Origin language. The famous Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada are most speaking Dravidian family languages in South India. A major part of the Malaysia and Singapore people are speaking the Dravidian family languages. Some tribal people who have been living far from the concrete jungle are also using the Dravidian family language profoundly. Such tribal groups are Kui People of Odisha, Kurukh in Eastern India and Gond tribes.
Ancient Dravidian Language
The Dravidian languages had been coming to India during the third or fourth millennium BCE and mingle with the local languages in those days. These new languages basic vocabulary is same but the theme of the sentences are different. Especially these Dravidian languages cannot connect with any other languages in the world. They only indigenous to India so that they still exist in large areas in India as well as some countries in Asia.
Dravidian Language in Foreign Countries
The scientists found the primary elements of the evolution of Dravidian languages since the 2nd century BCE. Only some regions in the world have been using Dravidian languages, such are Brahui in Pakistan, Balochistan in Afghanistan and some parts of Nepal and Bhutan. The Arabian sea coasts also influenced by the Dravidian languages. The Marathi, Gujarati, Marwari and Sindhi languages have influenced by the Dravidian languages. The Historians divided the Indian people based on languages as Dravidians and Aryans. The Dravidians live in South India and the Aryans live in North India. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19259 | How to build your own Alexa skills with the new Alexa Blueprints
PopSugar allegedly stole “millions” of Instagram influencers’ photos for affiliate link profits
April 19, 2018
Verizon’s new parental control app lets parents track their kids’ locations
April 19, 2018
Amazon is making it possible for almost anyone to make their own Alexa skills with their new Alexa Skill Blueprints program. That means it's now easier than ever for Alexa to say what she wants.
Sure, Alexa's third-party skills have been around for years, but writing them still meant you had to have a fairly good understanding of computer coding. And it's a big effort to ask people to simply get Alexa to roast their family members. I'm not saying it would not have been worth it, but Blueprints makes everything much, much easier.
Programming Alexa is as easy as completing a couple of blanks
With Blueprints, programming Alexa is as easy as completing a couple of blanks, Mad Libs style. To get started, go to and sign in to the Amazon account you use for Alexa.
Developing skills is easy: simply choose your template and fill in the blanks
Once you have logged in, you will be presented with a list of possible options to develop your skill. The new Skill Blueprints are essentially easy-to-use templates to create your own Alexa skills. Developing skills is easy: simply choose your template and fill in the blanks. Some templates are a little more complicated than others. For example, compliments or insults only ask you to complete a list of phrases that you would like Alexa to choose at random and choose a name for the skill, and the question and answer games basically equate to adding a list of questions.
But others, like the nanny model, are much more complicated; There are fields for things like allergies and medications, daily schedules, where to find things in the house and emergency contacts. The various storytelling tools have a complete interactive text editor, complete with sound effects and complete blank fields (which allow you to insert elements such as the name of your children in the story) that must be added separately.
Once you have finished your skill generated by blueprint, simply press the "create skill" button to finish. That will boost your account and any Alexa device you have. The process takes a few minutes to start, so you should be a little patient. Then, just activate the skill by asking Alexa, as you would with any other Alexa integration. You can also view a list of all your installed skills and edit them through the Alexa Blueprints site.
You are limited to the sandbox that Amazon is offering here
Amazon offers many options in terms of what you can build with various plans, but you are very limited to the sandbox that Amazon is offering here. So, while there are plenty of trivia templates (for everything from family trivia to multiple-choice questions for couples), you still have to play within Amazon's specific rules, which limits you to text-based answers. (Therefore, if you want to create a question and answer game that plays fragments of songs, for example, you have no luck). This also means that you can not hijack standard Alexa commands such as "play music" with some unrelated response.
The main difference between the skills generated by Blueprint and the full abilities of Alexa is the scope. While developers can post their skills in the extensive Amazon Alexa skills market for anyone to enjoy, the skills created with Blueprints are linked to their Amazon account and will only work on their devices. That is good and bad. If you are creating a skill with detailed information about your home for guests or a question and answer game with your family history, you may not want it to be public. But that also means there's no way to share your amazing Game of Thrones question and answer game with your friends if they want to install it on their own devices.
Amazon has great ideas for custom skills
While many people will probably only use Blueprints to say weird things for a quick viral fame, Amazon also provides for more practical uses for personalized skills. The Houseguest template, which allows users to leave easily accessible information on where to find things in the house, the Wi-Fi password, or how to close the back door or use the TV, seems tailor-made for Airbnb hosts. Templates for business cards and questionnaires seem legitimately useful for studying.
Alexa Skill Blueprints is being deployed, and it will be very interesting to see what people do with the new features in the coming days and weeks. But there are millions of Alexa devices in people's homes around the world, and Amazon has made it possible for almost all of them to personalize those products like never before. Who knows what will happen next?
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19272 | The Banks Are Manipulating Silver Prices
The big banks have smashed gold and silver lower this week, and after that shellacking, you’d have to be crazy to buy precious metals, right? Yeah. Crazy like a fox. If you’re smart, you’re going to put on your big-boy pants and buy silver right now. And I’ll show you why. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19281 | Opened 3 years ago
Closed 3 years ago
#5310 closed defect (invalid)
Multiple versions of the same page showing in the Back buttons
Reported by: toml-in-pbi Assignee:
Priority: Unknown Milestone:
Module: Unknown Keywords:
Cc: trev Blocked By:
Blocking: Platform: Firefox
Ready: no Confidential: no
Tester: Unknown Verified working: no
Review URL(s):
Windows 10 Pro 1607
Firefox 53.0.3 64 bit
Adblock Plus 2.9.1
Easylist and Adblock Warning Removal List
How to reproduce
2. (IMPORTANT) Wait 2 or 3 minutes for the page to COMPLETELY LOAD ALL LINKS
3. Watch the NEWS video while on this page.
4. Click and hold the (Firefox browser) back button
Observed behaviour
You will observe Multiple Versions of the SAME page in the Back Button.
1. After DISABLING Adblock Plus, the problem goes away.
Expected behaviour
During Step number 2, you should ONLY see ONE copy of the page link in history (instead of multiple-sometimes 6 or 7 pages are erroneously shown.)
Attachments (1)
Adblock Plus Bug.JPG (231.2 KB) - added by toml-in-pbi 3 years ago.
Download all attachments as: .zip
Change History (3)
Changed 3 years ago by toml-in-pbi
comment:1 Changed 3 years ago by mapx
• Cc trev added
comment:2 Changed 3 years ago by trev
• Resolution set to invalid
• Status changed from new to closed
I could trace this behavior to script in that webpage, it has the following function:
function startSession(e) { //
n.prototype.startSession.apply(this, arguments);
var t = e.duration,
i = s.generateCode(e),
o = this.get("iframeElement").contentDocument;
if (, o.write(i), o.close(), this.debug({
iframeContent: i
}, !0), this.trigger("adRequest", {
receivedData: {},
playerInstanceType: 6
}), this.trigger("adStart", {}), this.set("duration", t), t > 0) {
var a = this;
setTimeout(this.makeSessionClosure(function() {
a.trigger("adEnd"), a.endSession()
}), 1e3 * t)
Note the, o.write(i), o.close() part - it will replace the contents of a frame in that page. As a side-effect, this will also generate a new history entry, if you go back the contents of this ad frame will be restored. Aren't you happy about that? :-)
You can contact the website owner and point out that in year 2017 they are no longer restricted to page manipulation methods that were available in 1995. But there is little else I can help you with, I'm not going to spend time on figuring out why that website's code took a different turn with ads blocked.
Note: See TracTickets for help on using tickets. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19287 | On July 16, 2015, a diverse group of more than 40 Friends of IWHC gathered for a screening of The Great Indian Marriage Bazaar and a conversation with its director, Ruchika Muchhala. The screening room, courtesy of IWHC’s neighbors Doctors Without Borders, was abuzz with Friends reconnecting and networking over Indian beer, kathi rolls, and other Indian-themed fare.
The documentary—co-directed, produced and narrated by Ruchika Muchhala—is a witty and insightful film about arranged marriage in India. It includes interviews with matchmakers and others in the booming industry, following two brides-to-be in Mumbai. Ruchika shares her own experiences navigating various Indian matchmaking services and websites at the urging of her parents.
The post-film conversation and Q&A with Ruchika and Jessie Clyde, IWHC’s Program Officer for International Partnerships, delved into issues of gender, sexuality, identity, and social pressures and expectations. At the core of the film is an underlying tension: Some young women in India are “allowed,” and even encouraged, to receive high levels of education and to live well-rounded, liberated lives, but they don’t necessarily have the same freedom and control when it comes to their personal lives. Ruchika noted that exploring this dichotomy was one of the main reasons she created the film.
There were frequent eruptions of laughter during the screening, and the robust conversation that took place afterwards reminded the audience that while the focus was India, the pressure to get married is universal and shared by many women (and men) in the United States and other parts of the world. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19292 | Boomtown Atasehir
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Turkish metropolis faces drastic changes due to the persistant boom. Especially the structure of the city changes: The middle class migrates from the centre to the outskirts due to rising rents and prestige projects. There, again the poorer population is relocated to suburbs up to 80 kilometres away from the city centre. An exemplary link in this chain is the district Atasehir. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19297 | TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of outbreak and nonoutbreak Acinetobacter baumannii strains by genotypic and phenotypic methods. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology JO - J. Clin. Microbiol. SP - 1519 LP - 1525 VL - 34 IS - 6 AU - Dijkshoorn, L AU - Aucken, H AU - Gerner-Smidt, P AU - Janssen, P AU - Kaufmann, M E AU - Garaizar, J AU - Ursing, J AU - Pitt, T L Y1 - 1996/06/01 UR - http://jcm.asm.org/content/34/6/1519.abstract N2 - Thirty-one Acinetobacter baumannii strains, comprising 14 strains from 14 outbreaks in different northwestern European cities and 17 sporadic strains, were compared by investigating various properties of the strains including biotype, antibiogram, cell envelope protein electrophoretic profile, ribotype pattern, and the band pattern generated by a novel genomic fingerprinting method, named AFLP, which is based on the selective amplification of restriction fragments. Results showed that 12 strains from unrelated outbreaks were linked together in two clusters according to their similarities by these typing methods, whereas sporadic strains were more heterogeneous. Outbreak strains appeared to be markedly more resistant to antibiotics than nonoutbreak strains. The uniformity of typing characters in two sets of outbreak strains suggests that strains in each cluster have a common clonal origin. ER - |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19317 | Book a party of 8 – 12 by selecting any of the green available dates. Complete the party details after selecting the date and submit to complete your request.
Reservations can be made up to 1 year in advance
For parties larger than 12
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19341 | Flash Fic Friday
Flash Fic Friday
**An alliteration from the Admiral this week: Amsterdam, anchovies, and anger management classes. Now, I love me some alliteration, but this one took some thought. Enjoy!**
I smiled at the sound of my boyfriend’s voice. I loved it when he came home to me. “Kitchen!”
Kyle walked in carrying a pizza box. My stomach rumbled, and he gave me a full out grin. But the moment he placed the box on the counter and flipped open the lid, my hunger fled. I fixed him with a harsh glare.
“Anchovies?” I hissed.
He blinked. “Only on half.”
It didn’t matter. They were disgusting, and the smell got everywhere. He liked them, but I fucking hated them. And now I couldn’t eat my damn pizza.
“That’s just great!” I shouted. “I’m fucking starving, and you ruined dinner!”
He tried for a smile. “It’s like Amsterdam all over again.”
“That wasn’t my fucking fault!” I raged. His attempt at humor wasn’t appreciated. I was beyond pissed. “And fuck you for bringing it up!”
Kyle’s face became a mask, showing no emotion. Very slowly he reached out and flipped the lid of the box closed. The he looked at me with dead eyes. “Yeah. Okay.”
He turned and walked right out of the house. I watched him go before picking up a glass and hurling it at the wall. It shattered with a satisfying crunch. I stood there, breathing heavily, anger pouring through my veins.
Over anchovies.
I knew better than this. My temper had always gotten the better of me, and I’d overreacted on more than one occasion. It had landed me in jail, and I served three months. I’d done the anger management classes, took the lessons to heart, and really changed myself. But lately, the anger had been welling up and I’d been letting my temper leak out.
Tonight I’d exploded over pizza. That was fucking ridiculous. I got the broom and dust pan, and quickly cleared up the mess I’d made. When I was finished, I closed my eyes, found my center, and did some deep breathing. Now that I’d gotten myself back under control, I felt ashamed at my behavior.
I grabbed my keys from the counter, and hustled out of the house to go track Kyle down. He’d stuck by me through the worst of it. I’d never laid a hand on him, and I never would, but he’d endured me screaming and railing. I’d ruined our vacation in Amsterdam last year and he still hadn’t left me. I needed to fix this and fast.
It turned out I didn’t have to go far. Kyle was sitting on the porch steps, and I saw him stiffen when he heard the front door open. He didn’t turn around. I kept my steps careful and slow as I approached him, then sat down next to him leaving plenty of space.
“I’m sorry,” I said, my voice low and full of contrition.
“I know,” he murmured. He didn’t look at me.
I felt like shit. As I should. There was no excuse for my behavior and I didn’t bother to try. “I love you.”
He nodded, and then repeated, “I know.”
“I know I’ve been grumpy lately—“
His unamused snort interrupted me, and I had to give a self-deprecating chuckle.
“All right, I’ve been an ass lately, and behaving awfully.” I took a deep breath and focused all my attention on him. “I’ll get back into the classes. Clearly I need to work the program again.”
Kyle blew out a breath and his shoulders relaxed, his posture opening up. I might be an asshole, with serious anger issues, but I never lied. He knew I would get back into anger management classes if I said I would.
“Thank you.” His voice was soft. He shook his head, and then finally looked at me. “I know how much you hate anchovies. I shouldn’t have gotten them at all.”
“No.” My denial was quick. “Don’t take any of this on yourself. That whole scene back there was all me.”
He nodded. “Yeah, but I’m not talking about that. Yes, your reaction was completely uncalled for and disproportionate to the situation. Which is why you’re going to start the classes again and be reminded how to deal.” He glanced up at me for conformation, and I nodded fast. He smiled. “What I’m talking about is me being rather thoughtless. I should have gotten two pizzas.”
I smiled at that. It was one of the many reasons I loved him so much. Kyle never shirked responsibility. And while he wasn’t in any way to blame for the way I reacted, I really appreciated that he was willing to admit he wasn’t perfect. I slid across the step until we were pressed up against each other.
“I’ll call my counselor in the morning and see when and where I can go, okay?”
“Thank you,” he said again. He snuggled into my side, and I lifted an arm to pull him close. We’d be all right. I was going to make sure of it. Kyle gave a content sounding sigh and then said, “I love you.”
“I love you,” I responded fervently. I dropped a kiss in his hair, taking a second to inhale the scent of his shampoo. Then I pulled back and looked him in the eye. “Wanna go out for Chinese?”
8 thoughts on “Flash Fic Friday”
1. Yikes on Ray! I’ve never seen anyone react so angrily to pizza toppings 😀
But you worked it well, my dear, so kudos to you
2. Good one, Kris!
The Admiral gave you 3 words beginning with A this week, I wonder if he could carry on through the alphabet like that. 🙂
1. Thank you! But please, don’t give the Admiral any ideas. I’m already behind in the challenges that he’s already given me! lol 😀
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19352 | 2 years ago
Trying to do AJAX post to controller action and getting an action not defined or 405 error
Posted 2 years ago by FrenchFryNinja
Trying to do an AJAX post. I've hard coded the url to either '/orders' and also used {{ action('[email protected]') }}. The former results in a 405 ajax response and the latter throws an action not defined error and won't load the page.
Here's the web.php:
Route::post('/orders, [email protected]');
There are no other Route::post() that lead to OrderController so no conflict there.
And the AJAX:
method: 'POST',
url: '/orders',
data: getOrderJSON(),
cache: false,
headers: {
success: function (response) {
error: function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
console.log("AJAX error: " + textStatus + ' : ' + errorThrown);
It gets called from a button. Nothing too fancy in the button:
<a class="btn btn-outline-red float-right" onclick="processOrder()">Submit Order</a>
I'm really lost here. I've checked the namespacing and its all correct. I've used other methods and they at least work, though the response is essentially gibberish. The page will load. I've done all of these (not necessarily in this order):
composer dump-autoload
php artisan clear-compiled
php artisan cache:clear
php artisan route:clear
php artisan optimize
composer update
And I'm sort of lost here. Everything I've read I have the namespaces correct and the routes file setup correctly, but I'm not able to see the route. Any ideas?
|
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19353 | About This Episode
PHP's magic __invoke method is a useful tool to have in your belt, even if you likely won't reach for it too often. Any time that you want to piggy back on top of a closure, you may freely substitute an invokable class in its place. Let me show you how in this episode.
Published on Jul 3rd, 2017.
1. Visual Debt
EPISODE 1 3:03
2. Array Destructuring
EPISODE 3 3:27 Free
3. Single-Use Traits
EPISODE 4 3:15
4. Invokable Classes
EPISODE 6 6:06
Back to Series Button |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19358 | This is part of an ongoing series dramatizing/reviewing my playthrough of Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic. For Part 1, click this link!
My eyes opened suddenly. Was this heaven? Nirvana? The bridge of total freedom? Then a voice approached me. It sounded like irritation personified. I closed my eyes again. I guess, I’m in hell.
Carth continued to word vomit in my direction so I just made a game out of it. I vowed that for every whiny thing he said, I would give him one slash from my vibrosword after I no longer needed him. This helped to keep me sane.
To boil it down, Carth told me we were on a planet called Taris and that we were the only survivors off of the Endar Spire, other than, he hoped, Bastila. Bastila was the Jedi that the Endar Spire was carrying but she had apparently already escaped the ship? I guess? Anyway, Carth told me that in the week (!) I had been asleep, he had done some scouting. Taris was separated into three primary segments, an upper city, a lower city and the undercity. I guess all the rich people live on top and things get worse as you go lower.
After what felt like an eternity of talking, I realize that Carth really hasn’t done much of anything over the last week beyond thinking that maybe the Swoop Gangs in the lower city have Bastila. I tell him we’ll go check things out and that finally shuts him up.
We head out the door and run headlong into a group of Sith officers holding up our new landlords. Carth tells me we should keep a low profile and just turn the other way. My conscience (and my desire to do the opposite of anything Carth says) decides to take these jerks on.
We quickly dispatch the Sith and the landlord thanks us profusely. He then lets us know not to worry about the bodies, he knows how to hide them. I make a quick mental note that our landlord must be a psychopath and head out the door.
The upper city is actually pretty nice on this planet. There are people everywhere and plenty of things to see and do. Carth and I hit up the cantina to grab a drink and find all sorts of fun things to do. We found an arena where people fight for money and folks bet on it, there was a band, it was all quite pleasant. Eventually, a woman approaches me and starts telling me about her woes.
She explains that she’s a Sith officer and that gets lonely because people don’t like her. She doesn’t seem to understand that murdering random-ass people doesn’t make friends. I collect myself, recognizing the opportunity in front of me, and try to be as charming as possible.
“You’re pretty-ful!”
She looks at me in disgust and walks off. Damn… Turns out I’m not as charming as I thought. Fortunately, some dude saw my display and apparently decided a couple of idiots was exactly what he was looking for. He invited us to a party at his apartment later he was throwing for all his Sith friends.
I wasn’t sure what to expect from a Sith party. I mean, this was the group dedicated to eternal evil and power. They could probably let loose, right? Carth and I showed up and met our benefactor, Mr… Someone. Mr. Someone seems excited that these random people he’d never met before showed up to his party and called for rounds for everyone. They all cheered, drank and passed out. Not even sure what else to say here.
I tell Carth to grab what we can, imitating Sith officers may be helpful to finding Bastila. As luck would have it, we managed to find some Sith uniforms, just our size! Now, it’s time to check out the world from the Sith perspective… |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19362 | Arkansas prohibits any person from transferring or furnishing a handgun to another individual who the transferor knows has been found guilty of, or who has pleaded guilty or no contest to, a felony.
Arkansas prohibits a person from selling, renting, or otherwise transferring a firearm to any person who he or she knows is prohibited by state or federal law from possessing the firearm.1 A violation of this section is a Class A misdemeanor, unless the firearm is a handgun (or other specified firearm, such as a machine gun), in which case the violation rises to a Class B felony.2
1. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-73-132(a). ⤴︎
2. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-73-132(b). ⤴︎ |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19370 | It is important to confirm your site with Google and do it the right way. There are other ways to do this, but with Showit, this is the best way-->
**Domain name provider method**
You can verify your site via your domain name provider. To use this method, you must be able to sign in to your domain name provider (for example, or and either add a new TXT or CNAME record.
Choose the domain name provider method on the verification details page for your site, and follow the instructions shown. Depending on your domain registrar, you will be offered one of the following methods:
• Directly in Search Console. Some domain registrars enable you to verify your site directly from Search Console. This is the easiest way to verify your site, and it’s currently available for GoDaddy, eNom, and a few others.
• Adding a DNS TXT or CNAME record. If your registrar doesn’t enable the verification tool, you can verify by adding a DNS record. The verification tool provides instructions for this, and where possible, these instructions will be specific to your registrar. By default, we’ll show you instructions for adding a DNS TXTrecord. If this method isn’t available, we’ll show you instructions for adding a CNAME record.
Voila! Your site is verified with Google.
Did this answer your question? |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19374 | How to Find the Release Date for an Inmate in Texas
••• Darrin Klimek/Digital Vision/Getty Images
Related Articles
Whether you are a friend or family member of a Texas inmate or member of the public, finding an inmate's release date is simple and takes minutes to do. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice maintains a website with each offender's data including the inmate's incarceration number and projected release date. It is subject to the public's right to know which means anybody can access the inmate's general information. All you need is an Internet connection and a computer and you can access the release date for any inmate in Texas.
Step 1
Visit the Texas Department of Criminal Justice's website.
Step 2
Highlight the "General Information" tab and scroll down through the listings until you find the words "Offender Information." Click them. You will be redirected to another page.
Step 3
Click on the words "Online Offender Search." You will be redirected to a search engine where you can enter the inmate's personal information.
Step 4
Type the inmate's first and last name, Texas Department of Criminal Justice number and SID number. Select the inmate's race and sex. Click the "Submit Request" button. Another page will appear with the inmate's information.
Step 5
Scan the information and you will find the inmate's projected release date.
About the Author
Photo Credits
• Darrin Klimek/Digital Vision/Getty Images |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19402 | Loading Artist
Nobody’s Problem
September 23, 2016
Another successful stream with our 2.0 overlay! Now featuring the new Final Countdown animation too. I did some tweaks to this comic after the stream (mainly in the last panel). I think it works better!
Tony Ramelli
Gavin Bigall
Steven Noonan
Cory Gingerich
• Matthew Inman
• Gustav Seymore
• Keegan Gibson
• Joachim S. Bech
• Henry Vindin
• Dennis Schubert
• Stephen Pieraldi
Want to become a VIP?
Show Comments (19)
1. Stalker1111111111121 says:
Was that coffee cup always there?
2. Randall says:
This is the best one in the archive. I laughed so hard at this, I never saw that plot twist coming!
3. KaVu says:
Spider above the gate.
4. Horned Horn says:
Plot twist i didnt see that coming…
5. Jenny says:
The joke has layers, like an ogre. I like it.
6. Alejandro says:
Jajajaja.. i like it
7. Spiderwes01 says:
I love how he leaves with his shovel
8. Marscaleb says:
Who would want to be buried at a place called “Bob’s Cemetery,” anyway?
1. Lexona says:
Maybe everyone who’s called Bob? 😛
9. Doctor who says:
some time i think why jess not return ?
10. Amrit says:
That panel should have read, “If I see you here again, you better be dead”
1. Sword says:
It’s okay that way because it will kill the joke and last panel.
11. Moo says:
That joke snuck up on me a bit XD
And nice spider placement!
12. Edixon says:
Thats some good humour right there.
13. :) says:
Amazing as always 😀
14. Fly says:
hilarious comic 😀 and it take me awhile to found the spider 😀
15. Revz23 says:
I didn’t expected the spider will be there
Leave a Reply to Edixon Cancel reply
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19406 | Average Joe SCOTUS – Azar v. Allina Health Services
So, let’s talk about Medicare.
There are recipients on Plan A, which are usually low income folks. They get assistance by Medicare paying hospitals directly for their services. HHS makes an initial payment to the hospital, then subsequent payments as necessary based on how much more the services may have cost.
Plan C people, are usually higher income people, and they just get a subsidy from Medicare to pay for private insurance.
The Medicare Act pays more for hospitals who treat the low-income peeps that usually use plan A. Cost adjustments are based in part on something called “patient days.” Don’t ask me to explain WTF that means.
But nonetheless, Plan A folks have way more patient days, than Plan C folks, and that shit matters here. I’ll assume that Plan A folks, just abuse government more, than Plan C folks are able to abuse a private insurer, because that’s pretty much always true.
HHS are who manage how much Medicare will pay, though. Initially, they were averaging only the Plan A “patient days.”
But, if they averaged Plan A and Plan C “patient days” together, Plan C brought that average number down a good bit. So HHS, busted out some math and shit, and were like, “We can save some scratch here, if we include these plan C people in our average.”
Allina Health was all like, “You cheap motherfuckers! Drop those plan C peeps from your numbers, bitch! That’s some bullshit. The rules say if you’re going to change how you calculate that shit, you have to let people know in advance, and then we need to fucking talk about it first. You can’t just change that shit willy-nilly.”
So then HHS was all like, “We’re gubment, we do WTF we want!”
So then Allina was all like, “See you in court, tight ass!”
SCOTUS listened to their bullshit arguments and was like, “Listen HHS, you cheap mother fuckers. You change a fucking rule, the rules say you gotta tell people about it. Then you all have to talk about it. If there are no objections, or whatever, then you get to change the rule. So you are outta line, bitch!”
7:1 in favor or Allina Health.
Breyer basically was all like, “Do we even give a fuck about this? We’re SCOTUS, and this is some petty bullshit for some punk ass lower court to decide. Get the fuck outta here with this nonsense.”
Kavanaugh was like, “I can’t even be bothered to care about this. I’m out. Not even going to waste my time listening to this nonsense.”
Read about the case and/or hear oral arguments here. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19418 | Free Gift for all orders over $150 while supplies last!
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She Believed… so she did!
Posted by katelyn on
When you awaken to the All Mighty presence within you, you realize that YOU are not just a human being, but a Spiritual Being. And being a Spiritual Being, we can tap into an infinite resource of Source energies that will fuel us upon an evolutionary cycle of living life Attuned to All possibilities.
Our greatest strength is not just our Will Power, rather it is when our Will Power taps into the Infinite Source that energy is created to fuel us in our everyday life!
So, how do we tap into this Infinite Source power? Well, there are many tales passed down by the great Seers that share light on how to purposely utilize the Universal energies that surround us everyday.
In my honest opinion, tapping in and fueling the Self is fairly easy. One, it requires a necessary desire to want to tap in, and two, a deep desire to continue to be connected to this infinite supply.
Today, I will share with you a few of the theories or methods that I have have learned along the way. Allow me share with you a quick story of how I have utilized and embodied source energy.
What seems like many eons ago, the Universe pointed me to a task that was seemingly greater than my worldly resources. Since the idea was presented to me by the Universe, I decided that there was a greater reason for me to follow through. However, the journey required financial and mental resources that seemed beyond my capabilities.
Each day, through this journey I simply asked to be guided, and I promised the Universe that I would follow through on anything that was given to me that would help me accomplish the entire journey.
As I set forth, little did I know that the Universe did endeavour to help me out. Each time a major step presented itself to me, amazingly, the Universe provided the right person or resource to help me take action. And, at times when my own energy or motivation waned; the Universe provided a little, or sometimes a large nudge to put me back on track!
In the end, all that seemed so much greater than myself or my resources was accomplished “quite easily”.
I acknowledge that I was supported throughout my entire journey of being a very lucky recipient of a very sort after gift. I basically won my green card in the green card lottery. I give all the credit to the Universe, and also to me absolutely believing in myself, and the process, by continuing to have faith and in following through on each piece of the puzzle. Because of my faith, the Universe ensured my success; even when others were naysayers to this journey.
Now, back to this present moment. The question I present to you is; what is it that you are creating for yourself or wish to create?
First take a moment to reflect. Then, be very clear about your intention, as the Universe listens to every word, and even to how you send out your intention.
Once you are clear on what you wish to create, follow the steps below.
1. Step one, believe YOU can do it.
2. Step two, ask for assistance. Not just from the Universe but, also from the World.
3. Step three, give yourself the time to create. Have patience! All good things come at the right time. Divine timing is truth!
4. Step four, ensure that everyday while on your path, that you give energy towards creating your desire.
5. Step five, meditate! Meditation helps you open up to receive guidance.
6. Step six, have unwavering faith! Believe in the process, if it is meant to be, it will be. If it is not, that means there is something else that is more important!
7. Step seven, be detached from the outcome. How your desire may manifest, may look different to what you expect.
8. Step eight, repeat steps one through seven daily!
Ok! In my mind and heart I believe that when something is meant to be ours, it will. Do not compare yourself to others. Hold your unique essence as a valuable commodity. And know that the Universe is your friend – ready, willing, and able to assist you always!
All things come to us if we hold faith and believe in ourselves!
Believing in yourself gives you the space to truly co-create with this great Universe.
From my heart to yours.
Go forth and create!
Belinda Pearl
Let me guide you on a journey of realizing your potential by booking a Soul Session with Belinda Pearl today!
Join us live on our Tiny Devotions Facebook, Wednesday May 10th 9AM PST (12pm EST) with Belinda Pearl as we celebrate the Full Moon in Scorpio.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19422 | Abu Simbel – rock temple in southern Egypt
Abydos – ancient city in the Troad
Abydos, Egypt – ancient city in Upper Egypt
Achaea – name for Mycenaean Greece; the southern Greek mainland from 1600 to 1100 BCE
Achaeans – collective name used by Homer for all Greek-speaking people
Achilles – hero of the Greek mythology and great warrior of the Trojan War
Acropolis – a city’s citadel, mostly built on nearby elevated ground
Adramyttion – ancient city on the coast at the Gulf of Edremit in the northwest of Asia Minor
Adrasteia – ancient city in the Troad
Aeacus (also spelled Eacus) – Greek mythological figure, regarded as progenitor of the Aeacidae who had settled on Aegina; Achilles and Ajax are counted among the Aeacidae
Aegean prehistory – branch of archaeology that deals with the Bronze Age cultures around the Aegean Sea
Aeneas – Greco-Roman mythological figure and second most famous Trojan hero after Hector
Aeschines of Cnidus – astronomer and father of Eudoxos, a physician who studied with the followers of Socrates
Aeschylus – Greek tragedian (around 525–456 BCE)
Agamemnon – legendary king of Mycenae, leader of the Greeks in the Trojan War
Ahhiya, Ahhiyawa – Hittite name for Mycenaean Greece
Ajax or Aias – son of King Telamon, mythological Greek hero
Akkadian cuneiform – script system from the Middle East that was adopted by the Hittites
Akrotiri – excavation site and Minoan settlement on the volcanic island of Thera (Santorini)
Alaca Höyük – Neolithic and Hittite settlement in Alaca, central Turkey
Alaksandu – King of the Luwian state of Wiluša (possibly Troy) during the 13th cent. BCE
Alasiya, Alashiya – ancient name of Cyprus
Alcaeus of Mytilene – Greek lyric poet (7th cent. BCE) from the island of Lesbos
Alcman – an Ancient Greek choral lyric poet, assumed to have been born in Sardis
Alexander the Great – Alexander III of Macedon (lived 356–323 BCE), king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon
Alexandria Troas – ancient port city, located in the Troad about 30 km south of Hisarlık
Alişar – ancient Anatolian city in the modern Yozgat Province of Turkey
Alyattes – name of Lydian kings during the 7th and 6th cent. BCE
Amarna – ruins on the right bank of the Nile (more correctly Tell el-Amarna), capital and seat of government under Akhenaten (Egyptian name: Achet-Aton)
Amarna archives, Amarna letters, Amarna correspondence – large body of correspondence written in Akkadian cuneiform from the palace of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten (Achet-Aton)
Amenhotep III, Amenophis III – Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty; reigned approx. 1388–1351 BCE
Ammurapi – name of the last ruler of Ugarit (around 1200 BCE)
Amurru – kingdom in western Syria and northern Lebanon during the 14th–12th cent. BCE
Anatolia, also called Asia Minor – the territory of present-day Turkey with the exception of Thrace
Anaxagoras – a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (510–428 BCE), born in Klazomenai in Asia Minor
Anaximander – a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (610–546 BCE) who lived in Miletus
Anaximenes – a Pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus who was active in the latter half of the 6th cent. BCE
Ancient history – the entire historical time span from 2000 BCE to 600 CE
Ancient Near East – Egypt and the Near East (synonymous for Middle East) until the time of the Persian conquest (539/525 BCE)
Ancient Oriental Studies – branch of historical research that covers the cultures of the Ancient Near East from the first emergence of cuneiform texts (4th mill. BCE) to their disappearance (around the birth of Christ)
Ancient times – historical term that covers the civilizations of the Mediterranean and the Near East from the end of prehistory (mid-4th mill. BCE) to the Middle Ages (from the 6th cent. CE)
Antandos – ancient city in the Gulf of Edremit on the south coast of the Troad
Antenor – aged Trojan hero; according to various sources traitor to the city of Troy
Antioch on the Orontes – ancient Syrian city (today city of Antakya, Turkey)
Antiquity – Greek and Roman history (also called classical antiquity)
Apaša – capital of the Luwian kingdom Arzawa, most likely predecessor of Ephesus
Aphrodisias – ancient city in Caria, a region in the southwest of present-day Turkey
Apodoulou – Minoan settlement in central Crete
Apollo – Olympian deity in Greek and Roman mythology
Apollodorus of Athens – a Greek scholar, historian and grammarian during the 2nd cent. BCE
Arawanna – Late Bronze Age kingdom on the southwest coast of the Black Sea
Argivians – people living in the Argolis in the northeast of the Peloponnese where the Bronze Age citadels of Mycenae, Tiryns, Argos, Mideia and Nafplio are located
Argolid – Greek region in the northeast of the Peloponnese, heartland of the Mycenaean civilization
Argonauts – group of heroes in Greek mythology who went on an adventurous sea voyage in search of the Golden Fleece
Arisbe/Arisba – ancient city in the Troad, mentioned by Homer
Aristotle – Greek philosopher (384–322 BCE), pupil of Plato
Arzawa – kingdom in the west of Asia Minor during the 2nd mill. BCE, alternating enemy or vassal of the Hittites
Arzawa provinces – the kingdoms of Šeha, Mira and Hapalla in addition to Arzawa itself
Asarlik – Late Bronze Age site in the Troad, located south of the Karamenderes floodplain
Asartepe – Late Bronze Age citadel near Lake Gyges in western Turkey
Ashdod – ancient port city on the coast of historic Palestine (present-day Israel)
Ashkelon – ancient port city on the coast of historic Palestine (present-day Israel)
Asia – term for the northwestern part of Asia Minor (possibly derived from Aššuwa)
Asia Minor – area of present-day Turkey without the European part (also called Anatolia)
Aslan, Rüstem – ethnologist and prehistorian, professor at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, director of the Troy project
Assaracus – a son of Tros, the legendary founder of Troy
Aššur – a historical city on the upper Tigris in northern Iraq
Aššuwa/Aššuua league – short-lived confederation of petty states located in the northwest of Anatolia during the time of the Hittite emperor Tudhaliya I (15th cent. BCE)
Assyria – kingdom on the Tigris River in northern Mesopotamia, powerful during the 2nd mill. BCE, capital Aššur or Ashur
Athribis – ancient Egyptian city, located in the Nile Delta
Aurichalcite – rare mineral that consists mostly of copper and zinc, natural alloy of brass
Axios – river near present-day Thessaloniki in Greek Macedonia
Azzi – a Late Bronze Age confederation of kingdoms of the Armenian highlands
Babylon – region on the lower reaches of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris; major power in the Near East during the 2nd mill. BCE
Bacchylides – Greek lyric poet in the 5th cent. BCE
Ballı Dağ – hill south of the plain of Troy; in the 19th cent. assumed to be site of ancient Troy
Barker Webb, Philip – English botanist and geologist (1793–1854), visited Hisarlık in 1819
Bass, George – U.S. archaeologist and one of the early practitioners of underwater archaeology
Baumgartner, Emmanuèle – French philologist (1940–2005), specialist in medieval literature
Bay – Egyptian chancellor at the time of Siptah and Twosret (1193–1187 BCE)
Becker, Helmut – German geophysicist and geoarchaeologist, specialist for magnetometry
Benoît de Sainte-Maure – 12th cent. French-speaking author from Sainte-Maure in the county of Touraine, France, well-known for his Roman de Troie, a novel about the Trojan War
Beşik Bay – natural bay, approx. 10 km southwest of Hisarlık
Beşik plain – embayment and beach near Troy, formed during the Bronze Age through accumulation of sediment
Best, Jan G. P. – Dutch prehistorian
Beycesultan – large (> 1 km in diameter) archaeological site near Çivril in western Turkey, inhabited from the 4th mill. until 1700 BCE; excavated by James Mellaart between 1954 and 1959
Beyköy – tell settlement north of the Turkish city of Afyon
Biga peninsula – region in northwestern Asia Minor making up the ancient Troad
Bintliff, John – English landscape archaeologist, professor at the University of Leiden
Bithynia – Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor
Bittel, Kurt – German prehistorian (1907–1991), former excavator of Hattuša and president of the German Archaeological Institute
Blegen, Carl – U.S. classical archaeologist (1887–1971), excavator of Troy and Pylos
Bronze Age – cultural era of the Old World whose begin and end differ from one region to the next, in the Eastern Mediterranean it lasted from 3000 to 1200 BCE
Burckhardt, Jean Louis – Swiss traveler, geographer and orientalist (1784–1817)
Büyük Menderes River – river in western Asia Minor, called Maeander in ancient times
Byzantine period – the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during late antiquity and the Middle Ages
Byzantium – predecessor city of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul)
Caldera – a special sort of volcanic crater that forms when an emptied magma chamber collapsed
Callinus – an ancient Greek poet who lived in the city of Ephesus in Asia Minor in the mid-7th cent. BCE
Calvert, Frank – English amateur archaeologist (1828–1908) who drew Heinrich Schliemann’s attention to the location of ancient Troy on hill Hisarlık
Canaan – historical term (common from 1500 to 1200 BCE) for the region along the Syrian-Palestinian coast
Çanakkale – provincial capital in Turkey, located on the southern shore of the Dardanelles
Çandarlı – town located on a spit of land at the Aegean coast in Turkey’s Izmir Province
Cape St. Mary – the southwest corner of the Biga peninsula, the mainland cape that is facing Lesbos
Cape Uluburun (Grand Cape) – spit of land in the Antalya Province in southern Turkey; in 1982, the wreck of a merchant ship dating from around 1300 BCE was discovered off the coast of Uluburun
Caria – ancient landscape in the southwest of Asia Minor
Carians – people who resided in southwestern Asia Minor; according to Homer allies of the Trojans
Carthage – ancient city on present-day’s Tunisian coast, founded by Phoenician settlers in the 9th cent. BCE
Çatalhöyük – large settlement dating to the Neolithic, situated on the Anatolian plateau in present-day Turkey; since 2012 part of the UNESCO world heritage
Catalogue of ships – part of Homer’s Iliad providing a list of Greek troops with ships, leaders and places of origin
Chania – Minoan port city in the north of Crete
Chronicle of Fredegar – world chronicle from the 7th cent. CE, written in Latin
Ciconia – province west of Thrace, mentioned by Homer as an ally of the Trojans
Cilicia – the south coastal region of Asia Minor in antiquity
Civilization – a society in which cities, a centralized government system, and trade relations had existed and which had also possessed the knowledge of writing
Clarke, Edward Daniel – English mineralogist (1769–1822), geology professor at the University of Cambridge
Classical archaeology – archeological sub-discipline that deals with the ancient cultures of the Mediterranean, especially the Greek and Roman
Claudius Aelianus – Roman author and teacher of rhetoric (175–235), provides numerous quotations from the works of earlier authors, which are otherwise lost
Codex Venetus A – most famous passed-down manuscript of Homer’s Iliad, from the 10th cent. CE
Colophon – an ancient city in Ionia, said to have been destroyed in the Trojan War
Colossi of Memnon – two massive stone statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III, west of the modern city of Luxor
Constantine the Great – Roman emperor (reigned 306–337)
Constantinople – predecessor city of Istanbul (also please see Byzantium)
Cook, John Manuel – a British classical archaeologist (1910–1994)
Corinth – Greek city on the Isthmus of Corinth, connects the Peloponnese with mainland Greece
Cretan hieroglyphs – still undeciphered Cretan script, in use ca. 20th–15th cent. BCE
Critias – unfinished work by the Greek philosopher Plato
Croesus – the last king of Lydia, famous for his wealth and generosity (reigned ca. 555–541 BCE)
Cuneiform Luwian – writing system used by the Hittites to write texts in Luwian; it differs only marginally from the usual Hittite cuneiform script
Cuneiform script – one of the earliest systems of writing, consisting of wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, emerged in Sumer in the late 4th mill. BCE
Cybele – goddess who had originally been worshiped in Phrygia (Asia Minor), later in Greece, Thrace and Rome as well
Cyclades – Greek island group in the Aegean Sea
Cycladic culture – Early Bronze Age culture of the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea, ca. 3200–2000 BCE
Cyclopean masonry – Late Bronze Age architectural style used for fortification walls
Cyme – ancient city located on the coastline of Asia Minor, said to have been destroyed in the Trojan War
Cypriot syllabary – a syllabic script used on Cyprus ca. 11th–4th cent. BCE
Cypro-Minoan – an undeciphered syllabic script used on Cyprus ca. 1550–1050 BCE
Cyzicus – Greek city on the southern coast of the Marmara Sea; today called Balız, located near Erdek
Dallam, Thomas – an English organ builder (1575–1620), kept a diary of his travels through Turkey
Danaya – ancient Egyptian name for Mycenaean Greece
Dardanelles – strait between the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara (ancient name: Hellespont)
Dares of Phrygia (Dares Phrygius) – author of a report on the fall of Troy, dating back to at least the 2nd cent. CE
Dascylium – Phrygian kingdom of Dascylium in northwestern Asia Minor during the 8th cent. BCE
Deir el-Medina – Egyptian artisan village near the Valley of the Kings in western Thebes
Democritus – an influential ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher (ca. 460–370 BCE) from Abdera in Thrace
Denyen – one of the tribes making up the Sea Peoples
Dictys of Crete (Dictys Cretensis) – author of a report on the fall of Troy; Latin version since the 4th cent. CE
Didyma – ancient sanctuary with a famous Apollo temple, located in the west of present-day Turkey
Dio Chrysostom – Greek orator, writer and philosopher (1st cent. CE) from Prusa (present-day Bursa)
Diodorus Siculus – Greek historian (1st cent. BCE) from Sicily
Dionysius of Halicarnassus – Greek scholar and historian (1st cent. BCE)
Dodecanese – group of Greek islands in the eastern Aegean
Dörpfeld, Wilhelm – German architect and archaeologist (1853–1940); directed excavations in Troy after the death of Heinrich Schliemann
Dümrek – river (ancient name Simoeis) that runs through the Troad and flows into the Karamenderes near Hisarlık
Early Iron Age – the period after the Bronze Age, i. e. the first few centuries after 1200 BCE
Edremit – city on the Turkish Mediterranean coast (at the Gulf of Edremit) in the western province of Balıkesir
Egyptology – academic discipline that explores all aspects of the ancient Egyptian civilization until the end of Roman rule in the 4th cent. CE
Ekron – ancient Philistine city state in historic Palestine (present-day Israel)
Elam – ancient civilization in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran
Eleanor of Aquitaine – wealthy and powerful woman during the High Middle Ages (ca. 1122–1204)
Epano Englianos – archaeological site of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos on the southern part of the Peloponnesian west coast
Ephesus – important Greek city on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor, near present-day Selçuk, about 70 km south of Izmir
Epic Cycle – collection of ancient Greek hexameter verses that tell the story of the Trojan War and have been passed down orally for a long time
Epicharmus of Kos – Greek comic playwright (550–460 BCE)
Ergani Maden – rich copper mines in the Diyarbakır Province of southeastern Turkey
Erichthonius – father of Tros, the legendary founder of Troy
Etruria – ancient landscape and heartland of the Etruscans in central Italy
Etruscans – ancient people that had settled during the 9th cent. BCE in Etruria in central Italy
Euboea – second-largest Greek island, separated from the mainland by the narrow Gulf of Euboea
Euphrates – the western of the two rivers that define Mesopotamia, flows south from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq and empties into the Persian Gulf
Euripides – Greek tragedian (485–406 BCE)
Eusebius of Caesarea – Christian theologian and historian of late antiquity, probably from Palestine (ca. 260–340)
Evans, Arthur – British archaeologist (1851–1941), considered to be the discoverer of the Minoan civilization, excavator of the Minoan palace of Knossos on Crete
Forchhammer, Peter Wilhelm – German philologist and archaeologist (1801–1894) at the Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, produced a map of the plain of Troy
Forrer, Emil – Swiss assyriologist and hittitologist (1894–1986), devoted himself to the decipherment of Hittite and Luwian writings
Fredegar – a term used for the so-called chronicle of Fredegar dating to the 7th cent. CE
Gallipoli – peninsula that is located in the European part of present-day Turkey, borders on the Dardanelles in the south and on the Gulf of Saros in the north
Ganymedes – according to Diodorus Siculus, a son of Tros, the legendary founder of Troy
Gargarum – a city on the foot of Mt. Ida, according to Dictys of Crete destroyed by the Greek hero Ajax
Gath – ancient city in historical Palestine (present-day Israel)
Gaza – ancient port city on the Mediterranean coast of historic Palestine (today located in the Gaza Strip)
Gedevre Tepesi – small Late Bronze Age citadel near Lake Gyges
Gediz – river in western Turkey that drains into the Gulf of Izmir about 30 km northwest of Izmir, it formed an about 20-km wide river delta
Geoarchaeology – research discipline dedicated to the reconstruction of ancient environments and the correlations between landscape development and human habitation
German Archaeological Institute – Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI), archaeological research institution of the German Federal Foreign Office
German new humanism or Neuhumanismus – movement within the humanities that emerged in Germany in 1750; it revived the ideas of classical antiquity
German Research Foundation – Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), federal German research funding organization
Gökçeada – island in the Aegean Sea, west of the Gallipoli peninsula; formerly called Imbros
Gordias – name of at least two members of the royal rulers of Phrygia
Gordium – the capital city of ancient Phrygia, modern Yassıhüyük, about 70–80 km southwest of Ankara
Gournia – ancient Minoan port city on the north coast of eastern Crete
Great Hittite Kingdom – term for the Hittite Kingdom at the time of its greatest expansion (ca. 1350–1200 BCE)
Greek Dark Ages – period ca. 12th–8th cent. BCE in ancient Greece, when the knowledge of writing had been lost
Grosseto – province in Tuscany, Italy
Guido de Columnis, Guido delle Colonne – judge and writer (ca. 1220–1290) from the Sicilian province capital of Messina
Gül-Dağ – mountain ridge on the western shore of Lake Gyges, crowned by the fortress of Kaymakçı
Gulf of Edremit – embayment south of Mt. Ida, forming the southern border of the Troad
Gyges – name of a Lydian king (reigned 716–678 BCE)
Gyges – today Lake Marmara, a lake in Manisa Province, western Turkey, in the alluvial valley of Gediz River
Hagia Sophia – Byzantine church that was built in late antiquity, today a landmark of Istanbul
Haley, Joseph Boyd – U.S. linguist, found out that hundreds of place names in Greece originated from a pre-Greek linguistic family during the 3rd mill. BCE
Halicarnassus – ancient Greek city, predecessor of modern Bodrum in Turkey
Halizon – an Anatolian tribe from the south coast of the Black Sea; according to Homer allies of the Trojans
Halys – please see Kızılırmak
Hama – Syrian city on the Orontes River that has been settled since the 5th mill. BCE
Hanay Tepe – Bronze Age settlement in the southeastern part of Troas, a few kilometers south of Hisarlık
Hapalla – Hittite name for a state located west of Central Anatolia
Hatshepsut – Egyptian queen (ruled 1479–1457 BCE)
Hatti – name of the Hittite empire
Hattians – people in Central Anatolia before the arrival of the Hittite tribes (also called Proto-Hattians)
Hattili – language of the Hattians, the indigenous population of Central Anatolia
Hattuša – capital of the Hittite Empire; near the present-day village of Boğazkale, 150 km east of Ankara
Hattušili III – Hittite king (reigned ca. 1266–1236 BCE)
Hau-nebut – Egyptian term for “inhabitants of the Aegean”
Hector – figure of Greek mythology; eldest son of Priam and commander-in-chief of the Trojan army
Hellespont – ancient name of the Dardanelles
Henry II Plantagenet – King of England (ruled 1154–1189), married to Eleanor of Aquitaine
Hephaestus – Greek god of fire and metal arts
Heracles – hero of Greek mythology
Heraclides – descendants of Heracles in Greek mythology
Heraclitus – Heraclitus of Ephesus, a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (ca. 535–475 BCE) from Ionia
Hermos – ancient name of the Gediz River
Herodotus – Greek historian (484–430 BCE)
Heroic age – the Greek heroic age, according to Hesiod, one of the five ages of man in mythology; the period between the coming of the Greeks to Thessaly and the Greek return from Troy
Hesiod – Greek poet (8th–7th cent. BCE)
Hierapolis – according to Dictys Cretensis, the name of a city that was attacked by Achilles during the Trojan War
Hieroglyphic Luwian – Indo-European language common in Asia Minor ca. 20th–6th cent. BCE that used pictorial script signs
Hieronymus – please see Saint Jerome
Hippo – a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (5th cent. BCE)
Hippodamus – ancient Greek architect (498–408 BCE) from Miletus, considered to be the father of urban planning
Hipponax – ancient Greek poet (6th cent. BCE) from Ephesus and later Klazomenai
Hisarlık – name of a tell on the eastern edge of the Karamenderes floodplain; since 1870 excavation site of the fortress of Ilion, royal residence of the kings of Troy
Hittite – also known as Nesite, extinct Indo-European language once spoken by the Hittites, recorded in documents from the 16th cent. to the beginning of the 12th cent. BCE
Hittite hieroglyphs – early, misleading term for hieroglyphic Luwian
Hittites – Hittite culture; ancient Anatolian people who established an empire centered in northern Central Anatolia that lasted from about 1600 to 1200 BCE
Hittitologist – a specialist in the study of the ancient Hittites
Homecomings – lost part of the Epic Cycle which told the entire history of the Trojan War in verse
Homer – first poet of the West, author of the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey (probably 8th cent. BCE); his actual existence is disputed
Hrozný, Bedřich – Austrian-Czech linguist and orientalist (1879–1952), decipherer of the Hittite script
Iasos – ancient Greek city in Caria
Ibycus – Greek poet (6th cent. BCE)
Ida – please see Mount Ida
Idomeneus – in Greek mythology a king of Crete and participant in the Trojan War
Iliad – epic tale by Homer that covers a time near the end of the Trojan War
Ilion, Ilios – name of the royal fortress of Troy as used by Homer
Ilus – son of Tros, said to have founded Troy in a plain, naming it after himself Ilium
Indo-European language – a family of several hundred related languages and dialects, predominant in ancient Anatolia and Mycenaean Greek
Iolcos – unexcavated Mycenaean citadel located beneath the modern town of Volos in Thessaly
Ionia – term for the central west coast of Asia Minor that had been settled by Greeks during Early Iron Age
Iron Age – cultural epoch of the Old World; here the time after 1200 BCE
Ishtar – goddess of the Sumerian and Akkadian pantheon, the divine personification of the planet Venus
Isidore of Seville – Roman Catholic bishop and historian of late antiquity, who gathered and compiled the knowledge of antiquity that had still been available (560–636)
Istidina – petty kingdom on the south coast of the Black Sea, contemporary with the Hittite empire
Išuwa – ancient kingdom, located on the upper Euphrates in Anatolia
Ithaca – island in the Ionian Sea off the western coast of Greece; home of Odysseus according to Homer
Jablonka, Peter – an Austrian prehistorian, participated for many years in excavations and fieldwork at Troy
Jason – Greek mythological hero, leader of the Argonauts
Joseph of Exeter (Latin Josephus Iscanus) – cleric and Latin poet of the 12th cent. from Exeter in Devon county, England
Kadesh, Qadesh on the Orontes – major Syrian city of the 2nd mill. BCE; site of an important battle between Hatti and Egypt in 1275 BCE
Kadıkalesi – settlement mound on the Aegean coast of Turkey
Kaniš – please see Kültepe
Karamenderes – please see Scamander
Karkemish or Carchemish – ancient Near Eastern city on the Euphrates River at the border between Syria and Turkey
Karkiša – Late Bronze Age petty state in western Anatolia, later presumably Caria
Karnak – temple and main house of the God Amun-Ra in ancient Thebes, near present-day Luxor
Kaška – ancient Near Eastern people who had settled in northwestern Anatolia, perpetually hostile towards Hatti
KASKAL.KUR – group of cuneiform characters in Akkadian and Hittite that has been interpreted to designate underground waterways
Kayan, Ilhan – Turkish geoarchaeologist, retired professor at Ege University in Izmir
Kaymakçı – Late Bronze Age citadel, located west of Lake Marmara Gölü in the present-day Turkish province of Izmir
Keftiu – ancient Egyptian geographic term, possibly the name for Crete
Kesik – artificial incision into the coastal mountains 5 km west of Hisarlık, ca. 500 m long and 30 m deep (in Turkish “kesik” means cut)
Kesik Tepe – mound near Kesik
Kızbazı Tepesi – small Late Bronze Age fortress near Lake Gyges
Kızılırmak – Turkey’s longest river; runs through eastern Central Anatolia in a great arc (ancient name: Halys)
Kizzuwatna – Hittite name for the Cilician plains
Klazomenai – ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia
Knossos – Minoan city and largest Minoan palace on Crete
Kober, Alice – U.S. classicist who contributed to the decipherment of Linear B
Kom al-Samak – altar at the ancient Egyptian palace complex of Malqata on the west bank of the Nile at Thebes
Kom el-Hettan – modern term for the mortuary temple of Amenhotep III on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Luxor
Korfmann, Manfred – German archaeologist (1942–2005) specialized in prehistory; professor at the University of Tübingen, excavation director at Troy from 1988 until his death
Kretschmer, Paul – a German linguist (1866–1956), concluded in 1896 that people speaking an Anatolian language had settled in Greece before Greek-speaking people arrived there
Kültepe – important Bronze Age settlement and trading city in Central Anatolia (also called Kaniš or Neša)
Kupanta-Kurunta I – King of Arzawa during the 14th century BC; contemporary of Arnuwanda I and Tuthalija II; mentioned in the Madduwatta text
Kupanta-Kurunta II. – Great King of Arzawa during the 13th century BC; contemporary of Mursili II and Muwatalli II
Kupanta-Kurunta III. – Great King of Mira and Arzawa around 1180 BC; son of Mashuittas and grandson of Alantallis; author of the 29-meter-long Luwian hieroglyphic inscription from Beyköy
Kuzitesup – King of Karkemisch during the 12th century BC; loyal vassal of the great king of Hatti
Kythira, Cythera – Greek island opposite the southeastern tip of the Peloponnese
Labyrinth – an elaborate maze, most likely designed to keep evil spirits away
Lachish – ancient city in historic Palestine, around 40 km southwest of Jerusalem
Lake Copais – artificially drained lake at present-day Gla, an important Mycenaean settlement in Boeotia, Greece
Lalanda – an area within the Lower Land, to the southwest of the Hittite core realm
Laodicea – ancient city on the Lycus River in Phrygia, in the southwest of present-day Turkey
Laomedon – legendary king of Troy, father of Priam
Larissa, Larisa – name of an ancient city, mentioned by Homer, most likely located on the coast of the Biga peninsula southwest of Troy (also the name of a settlement at the mouth of the Hermus River)
Lasithi – region in the east of Crete
Latacz, Joachim – German classical scholar and expert on Homer, important supporter of Troy excavator Manfred Korfmann
LeChevalier, Jean Baptiste – a French scholar, astronomer and archaeologist (1752–1836), suggested that Troy was located near Pınarbaşı, at the southern end of the Scamander floodplain
Leleges – ethnic group of people in ancient Anatolia, according to Herodot and Strabo an early name for the Carians
Lemnos – an island of Greece in the northern part of the Aegean Sea, known for the Early Bronze Age settlement of Poliochne
Lesbos – Greek island in the Aegean Sea opposite the coast of Asia Minor
Levant – coasts and hinterland of the states located on the Eastern Mediterranean coast
Libya – in Late Bronze Age the land west of Egypt that had been settled by Libyan people
Linear A – script system that had been used on Crete ca. 17th–15th cent. BCE in parallel to the Cretan hieroglyphic script, from which it was probably derived
Linear B – Mycenaean syllabic script that was in use from ca. 15th to 12th cent. BCE, first in Crete, later on the Greek mainland as well
Lion Gate, Hattuša – southwest entrance in the 6.8 km long enclosure wall of Hattuša
Lion Gate, Mycenae – the main entrance of the Bronze Age citadel of Mycenae, southern Greece, dating to the middle of the 13th cent. BCE
Livius Andronicus – earliest known Latin poet (around 280–207 BCE)
Lower Land – Hittite term for the region to the southwest of the Hittite core realm
Luke, Christina – U.S. archaeologist at Boston University, conducts fieldwork around Lake Gyges
Lukka – Egyptian name of a people viewed as hostile by the Egyptians; they had settled in the southwest of Anatolia (presumably Lycia)
Luwia – proposed term for western Asia Minor during the Middle and Late Bronze Age
Luwian civilization – people who lived in western Asia Minor during the 2nd mill. BCE and possessed the knowledge of writing
Luwian cuneiform – please see Cuneiform Luwian
Luwian hieroglyphic – please see Hieroglyphic Luwian
Luwians – Indo-European people who lived in western Anatolia at least since 2000 BCE
Luwili, Luwian – term for the Luwian language
Luwiya – early Hittite name for the area inhabited by Luwian-speaking people
Luxor Temple – ancient Egyptian temple, located in present-day Luxor on the east bank of the Nile River
Lycia – ancient Greek name of an area in the southwest of Asia Minor (in Hittite probably Lukka)
Lycophron – Greek grammarian and poet from the city of Chalcis on the island of Euboea (ca. 320–280 BCE)
Lydgate, John – English monk and poet (1370–1451), composed an amplified translation of the Trojan history of Guido de Columnis, the first book to be printed in the English language
Lydia – an Iron Age kingdom in western Asia Minor
Macedonia – historical area, located on the southern Balkan peninsula, presently part of the territory of Greece and the Republic of Macedonia
Maclaren, Charles – influential Scottish publisher and lay geologist (1782–1866), published two books proposing that Troy is located on Hisarlık
Maeonia – according to Homer, the inhabitants of Lydia; allies of the Trojans
Magliano Disc – circular lead disc, 8 cm in diameter, engraved with Etruscan script in a spiral pattern, discovered in Magliano, present-day Tuscany
Maidos – tell settlement in present-day Eceabat, located on the north shore of the Dardanelles
Malalas, John – a Greek chronicler from Antioch (ca. 491–578)
Malia – Minoan palace, situated on the northern coast of Crete
Manutius, Aldus – leading publisher and printer of the Venetian High Renaissance (1449–1515)
Marmara Sea – inland sea of the Mediterranean (ancient name: Propontis), connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea via the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles
Maša – Late Bronze Age petty state in western Asia Minor (in antiquity probably Mysia)
Mastic – a resin obtained from the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus), was used as a preservative in wine since the 6th mill. BCE
Meander – name in classical times for the Büyük Menderes River
Mecca – a city in the Hejaz in Saudi Arabia, birthplace of Muhammad and the site of Muhammad’s first revelation of the Quran
Medieval, medieval period – the Middle Ages in European history, 5th–15th cent. CE
Medinet Habu – mortuary temple of Ramesses III in western Thebes, built around 1170 BCE
Mehmet III – Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (ruled 1595–1603)
Melissus – Melissus of Samos, Greek philosopher (5th cent. BCE) from the island of Samos
Mellaart, James – British prehistorian (1925–2012), discovered various Neolithic tells in Turkey, in charge of the first excavations in Çatalhöyük and Beycesultan
Mellink, Machteld – U.S. prehistorian (1917–2006), expert on ancient Anatolia
Merneptah – Egyptian pharaoh (ca. 1213–1203 BCE)
Meshwesh – an ancient Libyan tribe mentioned in Egyptian sources
Mesopotamia – name of the Tigris-Euphrates river system; Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires
Messara, Mesara – coastal plain in southern Crete
Messenia – region in the southwestern part of the Peloponnese
Metrodorus – a Pre-Socratic philosopher (5th cent. BCE) from the Greek town of Lampsacus on the eastern shore of the Hellespont
Midas – emperor of Phrygia in the 8th cent. BCE
Midas city – Phrygian Yazılıkaya, a Phrygian archaeological site 27 km south of Seyitgazi in western Turkey, containing the Midas Monument
Midas Monument – a rock-cut facade showing a temple front with incised decorations, located in Midas city, contains a dedication in Old Phrygian to Midas (ΜΙΔΑΙ FΑΝΑΚΤΕΙ), dating to the 7th or 6th cent. BCE
Midas Mound – a tumulus, 53 m in height, about 300 m in diameter, on the site of ancient Gordion (modern Yassihöyük, Turkey)
Middle Ages – historical period from the end of antiquity to the beginning of modern times in European history (ca. 5th–15th cent.)
Middle Bronze Age – in the Eastern Mediterranean the time between 2000 and 1550 BCE
Middle East – southwest Asian subcontinent that includes Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, the Arabian and the Sinai Peninsula, and the Armenian and Iranian highlands
Middle Helladic – the Middle Bronze Age period on the Greek mainland (2000–1550 BCE)
Miletus – ancient Greek city on the west coast of Asia Minor
Millawanda – Hittite name for a city on the Anatolian coast of the Aegean, most probably Miletus
Milojčić, Vladimir – Yugoslav-German archaeologist (1918–1978), professor at the University of Heidelberg
Milos, Melos – Greek island in the Aegean Sea
Minoan culture – Bronze Age culture on Crete
Minos – Cretan king during Minoan times
Mira – Hittite name of a state west of Central Anatolia
Misraim – the Hebrew and Aramaic name for the land of Egypt
Mita – powerful potentate of the Muški in central Asia Minor at the end of the 8th cent. BCE, possibly identical with king Midas
Mitanni – late Bronze Age petty state in the north of present-day Syria
Monastiraki – archaeological site from Minoan times on Crete, abandoned after 1700 BCE
Mount Ida – mountain range, located in the Troad in northwestern Turkey (Turkish Kaz Dağı); also the name of the highest summit on Crete
Mount Lebanon – once densely forested mountain range in Lebanon
Muksus – Great prince of Apaisos on the Dardanelles in the Troad during the 12th cent. BC; leader of the united naval forces of the kingdoms of western Asia Minor; after 1170 BC Great King of Mira and Arzawa
Muntaner, Ramon – governor of Gallipoli from 1305 to 1309
Muršili II – Hittite emperor (reigned ca. 1318–1290 BCE)
Müsgebi – Mycenaean settlement and burial ground on the Aegean coast of western Asia Minor
Muški – a group of people that existed for several centuries on the territory of the collapsed Hittite Empire and may have played a role in the demise of the Hittites
Muwattalli II – Hittite emperor (reigned ca. 1290–1272 BCE)
Mycenae – important Bronze Age site on mainland Greece
Mycenaean culture – term for the Late Bronze Age culture (ca. 1600–1100 BCE) on the southern Greek mainland
Mysians – according to Homer, allies of the Trojans from western Asia Minor
Naevius – Roman poet (270–201 BCE)
Nagy, Gregory – professor of Classics at Harvard University, specialized in Homer and archaic Greek poetry
Neo-Hittite – Luwian-, Aramaic- and Phoenician-speaking Iron Age petty states that arose in Syria following the collapse of the Hittite Empire
Neša – please see Kültepe
Nešili, Nešite, Neshite – one of a number of terms for the Hittite language
Nestor – according to Homer, the king of Pylos, fought on the Greek side in the Trojan War
New Palace Period – time period of the Minoan civilization (ca. 1700–1430 BCE), during which a highly sophisticated architecture had developed
Nişantaş inscription – 8.5-m wide and longest known Luwian hieroglyphic inscription so far, found in Hattuša (Nişantaş = marked rock)
Non-Homeric Troy reports – all written accounts of the Trojan War, except for the Iliad by Homer
Nostoi (Returns of the Greeks) – part of the Epic Cycle that covers the homecoming of major Greek heroes like Agamemnon and Menelaus after the Trojan War
Nubia – area in the south of Egypt, whose inhabitants had been of dark skin color
nuwa’um – term used by the Assyrian merchants of Asia Minor to describe the Luwian-speaking people
Odysseus – Greek mythological hero, king of Ithaca at the time of the Trojan War
Odyssey – epic tale by Homer, telling the adventures of Odysseus on his return from the Trojan War
Oenopides – an ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer, who lived around 450 BCE on the island of Chios
Old Hittite Kingdom – Hittite rule over central Asia Minor, ca. 1650–1430 BCE
Old Palace Period – epoch of the Minoan culture during which the first palaces had been established (around 1900–1700 BCE)
Olympia – sanctuary of Zeus in the northwest of the Peloponnese, Olympic venue of antiquity
Olympic Games – religious and athletic festivals held every four years (starting in 776 BCE) at the sanctuary of Zeus in Olympia, Greece
Onuphis – place in ancient Egypt, located in the Nile Delta
Orichalkos – Modern Greek word for brass
Orontes – river in Lebanon and Syria
Orthostats – in archaeology: squared upright-standing stone blocks
Otranto – port city in the region of Calabria, Italy
Ottoman Empire – empire of the dynasty of the Ottomans from about 1299 to 1923; in Europe also called Turkish Empire
Ovid – Roman poet (ca. 43 BCE – 17 CE)
Oxhide ingots – Late Bronze Age metal slabs of copper or tin resembling the hide of an ox
Pactolus River – today Sart Çayı, stream through Sardes, said to have been rich in gold in antiquity
Paeonia – the land and kingdom of the Paeonians, roughly coinciding with the present-day Republic of Macedonia; according to Homer, an ally of the Trojans
Pala – a region in Bronze Age Anatolia where the Palaic language was spoken; northwest of Hattuša
Palace of Nestor – major Mycenaean palace and administrative center on the hill of Epano Englianos north of Pylos in the western Peloponnese
Palaic – Indo-European language belonging to the Anatolian language group, of which only fragments have been preserved
Palestine – area between Syria and Egypt in the Levant
Palmer, Leonard Robert – English author and professor of comparative philology at the University of Oxford (1906–1984)
Paphlagonia – region north of the Hittite core territory, inhabited by the Kaška; listed by Homer among the allies of the Trojans
Papyrus Harris I, also called Great Harris Papyrus – one of the oldest and best preserved hieroglyphic papyri (40 m in length) reports, among other things, doings and achievements of Ramesses III (today exhibited in the British Museum in
Paris – Greek mythological figure; son of the Trojan king Priam
Pausanias – Greek writer of the 2nd cent. from Asia Minor, wrote a detailed travel report on Greece
Pedasa – ancient Greek town located a few kilometers inland from Halicarnassus
Pedasos – a town south of Troy that was attacked by Greek forces during the Trojan War
Pefkakia Magoula – archaeological site at the port city of Volos in the Thessaly region in mainland Greece
Pelasgians – term for prehistoric non-Greek-speaking groups in Greece, which may have come from the Troad
Peleset – one of the Sea Peoples’ tribes
Peloponnese – peninsula in the south of mainland Greece, heartland of the Mycenaeans
Penelope – wife of Odysseus in Homer’s Odyssey
Percote – town on the southern shore of the Dardanelles, ally of the Trojans
Pergamon – ancient Greek city in the west of Asia Minor near the Aegean coast
Pergamos – name of the royal citadel of Troy as used by Heinrich Schliemann
Perizonius, Jakob – original name Jakob Voorbroek, a Dutch classical scholar (1651–1715)
Pernicka, Ernst – an Austrian chemist, specialized in archaeometry
Pernier, Luigi – an Italian archaeologist and academic (1874–1937), now best known for his discovery of the Phaistos Disc
Persian Empire – imperial dynasties centered in Persia (Iran) starting in 550 BCE
Petra – a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan, famous for its rock-cut architecture
Petras – Minoan site in northeastern Crete
Phaistos – Minoan palace on Crete
Phaistos Disc – circular clay disc of about 15 cm in diameter with a spiral arrangement of characters, retrieved from the palace of Phaistos on Crete
Philhellenism – intellectual movement influenced by German new humanism that evolved in the 1820s in Europe and enthusiastically embraced all things Greek
Philistines – Near Eastern people mentioned in the Bible that, most likely coming from the Aegean, had settled in the coastal areas of Palestine in the 12th cent. BCE
Philoxenus – Greek poet (435–380 BCE)
Phocaea – an ancient Ionian Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, northwest of modern Izmir; said to have been attacked by Greek forces during the Trojan War
Phoenicians – ancient people who had lived mainly in Phoenicia in the area of present-day Lebanon and Syria on the Mediterranean coast
Phrygia – ancient name of a region in western central Asia Minor; named after the Phrygians, who had immigrated from the Troad and Thrace in the 12th cent. BCE
Pirinkar – winged deity in the procession of gods at Yazılıkaya, the Hittite rock sanctuary near Hattuša
Pitasa – petty state in western Asia Minor during Hittite times; located between Karkiša (Caria) in the west and the Hittite core realm in the east
Piteya – ancient city near the eastern entrance to the Dardanelles, said to have been destroyed by Greek forces during the Trojan War
Pittacus of Mytilene – an ancient military general (640–568 BCE) and one of the seven sages of Greece
Piyama-Radu – name of a man from Arzawa, mentioned in the so-called Tawagalawa letter to the king of Ahhiyawa; led a war against western vassals of the Hittites in the middle of the 13th cent. BCE
Plato – Greek philosopher (427–347)
Pliny – actually Gaius Plinius Secundus; better known as Pliny the elder (23–79); Roman writer, author of a natural history in 37 books
Plutarch – Greek writer (46–120)
Porsuk – river in western Asia Minor, drains into Sakarya River (the ancient Sangarius) at Gordium
Port of Nestor – artificial port basin near the Palace of Nestor at Pylos; discovered during the 1990s and dating to the 13th cent. BCE
Poseidon – in Greek mythology god of the sea and brother of Zeus
Prehistory – research branch of archaeology, deals with the history of humankind from the emergence of the first stone tools to the advent of written documents
Priam – Greek mythological figure, king of Troy during the time of the Trojan War
Priam’s Treasure – extensive depot find from the 3rd mill. BCE, discovered and wrongly attributed to king Priam by Heinrich Schliemann
Proetus – a mythical king of Argos and Tiryns; according to Strabo, he ordered the construction of the Cyclopean walls through the aid of engineers from Lycia
Prusa – ancient name of the present-day city of Bursa in northwestern Turkey
Psammetichus, Psammetichos – the name of three Egyptian pharaohs of the 26th Saite Dynasty
Ptolemaeus Chennus – Greek writer (1st cent. CE)
Pulak, Cemal – professor of Nautical Archaeology at Texas A&M University, co-excavator of the shipwreck of Uluburun
Pylos – Late Bronze Age Palace of Nestor in the southwest of the Peloponnese; also name of a modern town in the vicinity
Pyrgos – town in the southwest of the Messara plain on Crete
Pythagoras of Samos – an Ionian Greek philosopher and mathematician (ca. 570–495 BCE)
Quintus Smyrnaeus – ancient Greek poet (probably 3rd cent. CE); author of Posthomerica, an epos in which he drew upon the archaic stories of the Epic Cycle
Ramesses I – Egyptian pharaoh and founder of the 19th dynasty (reigned 1292–1290 BCE)
Ramesses II – Egyptian pharaoh of the 19th dynasty (reigned 1279–1213 BCE)
Ramesses III – Egyptian pharaoh of the 20th dynasty (reigned 1182–1151 BCE)
Retjenu – ancient Egyptian name for Canaan
Rhodes – Greek island off the southwestern coast of Asia Minor
Rhytion – city near Pyrgos, Crete, in the southwest of the Messara plain
Roman Empire – territories that had been dominated by Rome between the 8th cent. BCE and the 7th cent. CE
Romanou – Greek village on the southwest Peloponnese near the silted up Port of Nestor
Roosevelt, Christopher H. – U.S. archaeologist, professor at Boston University and specialist in the archaeology of western Anatolia
Sadyattes – Lydian king (624–619 BCE)
Saint Jerome – also known as Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus, Roman church father, saint, scholar and theologian (347–420)
Saïs – Greek name of an ancient Egyptian town in the western Nile Delta; site of an important battle between Egypt and the Sea Peoples in 1208 BCE, capital during the reign of the 26th dynasty
Sakarya – the ancient Sangarius; third longest river in Turkey, runs through ancient Phrygia
Salian dance / Salic dance – traditional armed warrior dance and horse dance figure still practiced today
Samothrace – Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea near the Dardanelles
Sanctuary of Trajan – temple at the highest point of the acropolis of Pergamon
Santorini – archipelago in the south of the Cyclades, centered around the main island of Thera
Sappho – Greek lyric poetess (late 7th cent. BCE)
Sardis – capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia in the west of Asia Minor
Şarhöyük-Dorylaion – ancient settlement in Asia Minor, near the modern city of Eskişehir
Scamander – river that originates in the Ida Mountains and crosses the Trojan plain (also called Skamandros or Karamenderes); according to Homer, the gods originally called the river Xanthos
Scepsis – an ancient settlement in the Troad, said to have been destroyed by Greek forces during the Trojan War
Schliemann, Heinrich – German businessman and archaeologist, conducted large-scale excavations at Hisarlık, where he discovered the ruins of Ilion, the royal citadel of Troy
Scyros – name of a place in Asia Minor that was attacked by Greek forces during the Trojan War; also name of an island in the Aegean
Sea Peoples – confederation of tribes who attacked Egypt in the late 13th and early 12th cent. BCE
Šeha (also Šeha River Land) – Hittite name for a state west of Central Anatolia
Seneca – Roman poet and writer (4 BCE – 65 CE)
Sesdos – ancient settlement on the north coast of the Dardanelles, said to have been attacked by Greek forces during the Trojan War
Seti I – Egyptian pharaoh of the 19th dynasty (reigned 1290–1279 BCE)
Seti II – Egyptian pharaoh of the 19th dynasty
Shasu – Egyptian name for semi-nomadic people who lived in Syria and Palestine
Sherden – one of the Sea Peoples’ tribes
Sidon – archaeological site and modern town in Lebanon
Sigeion – port city during the 4th cent. BCE, located west of Illion
Simoeis, Simois – please see Dümrek
Simonides – actually Simonides von Ceos; Greek lyric poet (556–467 BCE)
Siptah – Egyptian pharaoh of the 19th dynasty
Skamma Andros – please see Scamander
Smyrna – ancient Greek city on the Aegean coast of Anatolia, known today as Izmir
Socrates – Greek philosopher and Plato’s teacher (469–399 BCE)
Solon – Greek statesman und poet (ca. 640–560 BCE)
Sophocles – Greek tragedian (496–406 BCE)
Source convergence – the process of obtaining knowledge by combining different sources, e. g. documents and the results of natural scientific investigations
Source criticism – in history, the process of evaluating an information source
Sphinx – in the arts, mythological figure with the body of a lion and the head of a man
Spratt, Thomas – English vice admiral and geologist (1811–1888)
Stesichorus – Greek lyric poet (630–555 BCE)
Strabo, Strabon – antique Greek historian and geographer (ca. 63 BCE – 23 CE)
Stratigraphy – the investigation of layer sequences in archaeology and geology
Suppiluliuma II – last Hittite emperor (reigned 1205–1192 BCE)
Sycionians – people of an ancient Greek city state situated in the northern Peloponnese
Syria – area between Euphrates and Mediterranean Sea south of the mountains of Anatolia
Tafur, Pedro – Spanish traveler, historian and writer, visited Troy in the fall of 1437
Tanaja – Egyptian name for Mycenaean Greece
Tantalos – according to John Malalas, the emperor of the land of the Mycenaeans
Tarhundaradu – king of Arzawa who corresponded with Pharaoh Amenhotep III
Tarhuntašša – undiscovered city in the south of Central Anatolia, after the Battle of Kadesh (1275 BCE) it had temporarily become the capital of the Hittite Empire
TAVO – Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, a focal point of research of the German Research Foundation (DFG) from 1969 to 1993
Taylor, Thomas – an English translator and Neoplatonist (1758–1835), the first to translate into English the complete works of Plato
Tel Haror – Bronze Age archaeological site in the Negev Desert
Telamon – Greek mythological figure, king of Salamis and participant in the first Greek attack on Troy
Telemachus – Greek mythological figure, son of Odysseus
Tell – settlement mound created through repeated human settlement (Turkish: höyük)
Tell Deir Alla – settlement mound in present-day Jordan
Tell el-Fara – settlement mount in the Nile Delta
Tenedos – island off the coast of the Troad (today the Turkish island of Bozcaada)
Teucer, Teucrians – term commonly used for the people of Troy after 1200 BCE
Thalassocracy – state or group of states that bases its power on maritime trade and has a fleet at its disposal
Thales – a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, mathematician and astronomer (ca. 624–546 BCE) from Miletus in Asia Minor
Thebes – ancient and modern city in central Greece
Thebes – Greek name for the former capital of Egypt during the New Kingdom; present-day Luxor
Thebes – settlement most likely in the Gulf of Edremit, said to have been destroyed in the Trojan War
Theoclymenus – Greek mythological figure
Thera (Santorini) – volcanic island in the Aegean Sea; an outbreak, probably in spring of 1628 BCE, destroyed and buried the settlement of Akrotiri
Theseus – Greek mythological hero, king of the Mycenaean kingdom of Thessaly
Thessaly – geographic region and Mycenaean kingdom in northern Greece
Tholos tomb – a burial structure characterized by its false dome used in in several cultures in the Mediterranean and west Asia
Thrace – region on the European side of the Dardanelles
Thucydides – Greek historian (460–400 BCE)
Tigris – the eastern of the two rivers that define Mesopotamia, flows south from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq and empties into the Persian Gulf
Timaeus – title of a dialogue by the Greek philosopher Plato
Timaeus from Tauromenium – ancient Greek historian (345–250 BCE)
Tiryns – Bronze Age archaeological site and citadel, located in the Argolid, Greece
Tjeker – one of the Sea Peoples; please also see Teucer
Tragliatella – Italian town where an Etruscan wine jug, engraved with a labyrinth and the name “Truia” (Troy), was found
Troad, Troas – ancient name of the landscape around Troy southeast of the Dardanelles, separated from the rest of Anatolia by a mountain range
Trojan War – term for a fatal early-historical conflict between the united Greeks and a coalition of western Anatolian states in Greek mythology and ancient texts
Tros – king of Troy in Greek mythology
Troy – location in Greek mythology; since Heinrich Schliemann, Troy has been generally equated with the Bronze Age archaeological site on hill Hisarlık in the northwest of Asia Minor
Troy dance – ceremonial dance performed in early Italy when a city was founded, specifically before the city walls were to be erected
Troy debate – controversy among German prehistorians with respect to the exploration and significance of Troy
Tudhaliya IV – Hittite emperor (reigned 1236–1215 BCE)
Tumulus – grave mound or burial mound
Twosret – female Egyptian pharaoh of the 19th dynasty (reigned 1193–1185 BCE)
Tyana – an ancient city in Central Anatolia, capital of a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite kingdom in the 1st mill. BCE
Tyre – important Phoenician city on a small island off the coast of present-day Lebanon
Tyrrhenians – a people of northwestern Asia Minor that were closely related to the Etruscans, mentioned by ancient Greek historians
Ugarit – ancient trading hub, located at the Mediterranean coast on present-day Syrian territory, capital of a state by the same name
Uluburun shipwreck – sunken sailing ship from the Late Bronze Age, found in 1982 near Cape Uluburun off the southwestern coast of Turkey
Upper Land – Hittite term for the central realm around Hattuša
Uwas – Cretan petty king
Ventris, Michael – English architect (1922–1956) who in 1952 deciphered the Linear B script
Villanovan culture – earliest Iron Age culture of northern Italy that had its center in present-day Tuscany
Virgil – Roman poet (70–19 BCE)
Walma – Hittite name for a state west of Central Anatolia
Wiluša – late Bronze Age state in western Asia Minor, mentioned in Hittite texts; possibly Troy
Winckler, Hugo – a German archaeologist and historian (1863–1913) who uncovered the capital of the Hittite empire at Boğazkale, Turkey
Wolf, Friedrich August – a German philologist (1759–1824)
Woudhuizen, Frederik Christiaan – a Dutch linguist, produced substantial publications on Luwian and the ethnicity and language of the Sea Peoples
Xanthos – please see Scamander
Xenophanes – Xenophanes of Colophon, a Greek philosopher, theologian and poet (ca. 570–475 BCE)
Xenophon – Greek writer (430–354 BCE)
Zeleia – the name of an ancient town or city in the Troad; an ally of the Trojans |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19427 | Human hair weave is widely used for women want to extend their hair length or add their hair volume. Wearing human hair weave sew in is the best way to change one’s appearance without damage their natural hair.
But have you ever wondered, where does the human hair weave come from? Do you want to know the source of human hair weave? This blog will explain the answer to you.
Where does human hair weave come from
※ Human hair weave from donators
※ Human hair weave from the barbershop
Usually, human hair weave bundles are collected from two directions: human hair weave donators and barbershops.
Human hair weave from donators
Cheap Remy hair comes from donators and is regarded as the best human hair for sew in weave. Donators are all located in different countries, all of them have a head of beautiful and healthy hair, then tie their natural hair into a bundles when they decide to sell their hair, then the collectors cut the hair directly from the donators’ head, all the human hair is cut in the healthy condition, keeps the original features and cuticle, the prearranged bundle of human hair ensure the same direction of all the hairtail, just like the human hair is grown on the head.
Collectors will process this human hair according to the original conditions, clean well, double weft, then the best wet and wavy human hair weave has appeared.
Because of keeping the original advantages, so the human hair weave will never shedding and tangle, keeps the natural luster, and has a long service time.
human hair weave
We all know, China is a big country in importing and exporting human hair extensions. And there are also many Chinese human hair vendors online, the remy hair supplied from China almost can be divided into four types according to the source of human hair bundles.
Brazilian human hair weave
Brazilian human hair weave comes from the donators lived in small remote villages located in Brazil, these villages are very poor, they sell their natural hair to change some money. All donators both pay attention to treat their hair, so they have healthy and long hair.
Brazilian human hair weave is silkier and shinier in texture. The Straight textures are not bone straight but tend to curly beautifully at the end. This hair holds curls very well and tends to hold curls longer than the Indian Hair.
Peruvian human hair weave
Peruvian human hair weave is a little coarser and thicker in texture than Indian or Brazilian hair. It blends well with African-American hair textures and medium Caucasian hair textures. The curly texture becomes more curly when wet or washed.
Malaysian human hair weave
Malaysian human hair weave at first can appear excessively shiny but after the first 2/3 washes, the shine lessens considerably to take on a more natural appearance. No product is required to maintain the curl. Malaysian hair is also softer and silkier in texture than Indian hair.
Indian human hair weave
Indian human hair weave tends to dry into a beautiful wave which ranges from a slight wave to very wavy, although it straightens and curls very easily.
Indian human hair coms from the Indian temple, the donators are almost monks or Buddhists. They donate their hair for blessing peace. All their hair without any chemical damage.
All the hair cut directly from donators are called Remy hair, remy hair is widely believed as the best human hair weave.
human hair weave sew in
Human hair weave from the barbershop
There is also another way can collect human hair, which is a barbershop. When we go to the hairdresser for cutting or style our hair, there will fall a lot of hair on the barber shop floor. Many hairdressers will sell these hair to hair collectors, hair collectors will produce these hair with chemical or detergent, make these hair to human hair weave. This hair is also called used hair.
But this kind of hair is usually cheap, and the quality is lower than Remy hair weave, shedding and tangle will occur after worn. The common sold human hair in the market is Remy human hair because of the durability and people’s demands.
After reading this blog, have you got a clear idea of human hair weave? Welcome to share your opinions with us in the below common area.
Other popular human hair sold at Dsoarhair
Human hair bundles with closure
Human hair wigs
Loose deep wave hair
Brazilian hair bundles |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19431 | The Tip.It Times
Issue 4599gp
Lay Folk, Part 1
Written by and edited by Tip.It
Aestas and Prysin have fled Draynor after receiving a message from a dead man drifted shore, which revealed that Lord Drakan was sending minions to the village to find Prysin.
Old Man Ral reclined on a barrel, doing his best to seem at ease. He had been undercover for the Myreque for a long time; deception came naturally to him. There were times when he forgot what the world beyond the walls of Meiyerditch was like. The overcast skies, the downtrodden people, the constant presence of the Vyrewatch: it had all become drearily familiar. He might have been there long before his beard turned white, or he even had one.
Yet now, in a world where stagnant misery and oppression were eternal, something was happening. Something big. What Craymer had set out to deliver was only the beginning. Old Man Ral had been in Meiyerditch long enough to know when the status quo had changed. The Vampyres were up to something, and that could only bode ill for Geilinor.
And so he found maintaining his guise in the face of the Vyrewatch a challenging task of late. Especially tonight. It had been three days since Craymer fled. Ral had not seen his departure, for he had been forced to duck out of sight when a patrol passed close by. He could only hope Craymer had made it. Since then, the castle had been in an uproar—or, as near to an uproar as a Vampyre dwelling ever came. The sky was thick with the flapping of great wings, prompting most of the human residents to stay inside. Drakan was apparently furious. Ral had learned a mere few hours ago that a detachment of the Vyrewatch that was supposed to have left shortly after Craymer had, for inscrutable reasons, been delayed for days.
Old Man Ral knew what the Vyrewatch were after. He did not know why they had not left sooner, but it was a stroke of fortune—one that was about to end. Tonight, finally, they were mobilizing. He fervently hoped that Craymer had made use of the time luck had bought him.
Overhead, something shrieked. Old Man Ral looked up in time to see two shapes leap from the battlements of the castle. They seemed to billow as they spread their wings, gliding on the still air. With a few powerful strokes the pair shot away, flying over the wall with ease. Two more followed.
Saradomin help us all.
Aleck diligently ran the net through his hands, searching for knots and tangles, smoothing them when he came across them. A good bit of it already lay at his feet, fixed up and ready to go over the side. Soon enough he could have this one in the water. He needed all the fish he could get this time.
It wouldn’t be so bad if he hadn’t been forced to sail far east of Port Sarim for his haul. There was just too much competition in the waters around Catherby. At least there he had been close to home. Now he was a good week’s sailing away, and if he didn’t pull in enough to keep the house for his next odyssey to the east he would be in some serious trouble. He was pushing his luck as it was.
Resolutely he continued to work at the net, ignoring the heat of the noonday sun. He could hear seagulls calling to one another, the waves sloshing against the side of his boat, the sails flapping in the halfhearted wind. He worked on.
Presently a new sound entered his world, one that was jarringly unfamiliar. He looked up. Gulls were wheeling about in a confused way, their cries more urgent than before. At the edge of his hearing, Aleck could—
The gulls were beginning to scatter, still stammering at each other like—
What was it?
Aleck looked to the east, where he thought the sound was coming from. There, advancing rapidly, were—
Four black shadows passed over the boat, moving at a remarkable pace westward. The glare of the sun prevented Aleck from making out much, but he wasn’t too fussed.
“In the name of Guthix,” he said aloud. Suddenly he was not so eager to be ashore again.
Tags: Fiction
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19432 | The Tip.It Times
Issue 15399gp
Room 101
Written by and edited by Kaida23
If you haven't read parts 1 or 2, click here to read Run, Escape, and I will Find you and Welcome Home.
A bloodcurdling scream manifested in the distance, followed by an unnerving silence. I opened my eyes to a blinding white light in what appeared to be a hospital. As I came to my senses, I found myself alone in a dimly lit room within a sanitarium with nothing but a bed and a computer. I walked to the door to open it, to no avail. I stumbled across the room to the barred window, showing pitch black outside. As I latched onto it, trying to pry it open, a voice thundered from above, "STEP AWAY FROM THE WINDOW."
Momentarily petrified, I mumbled out, "Who are you… where am I?"
I asked again, this time louder, "Where am I?"
Lighting struck somewhere close by, the flash illuminated the outside momentarily. It boomed again, this time revealing what looked like the hooded figure outside the window. I tripped backward and turned away immediately. Was this all just a dream – or rather a nightmare?
Times Oct09 Shadow
The lights went out, seemingly a power outage, if it weren't for the computer being on. I stood up and walked to the computer. The lights returned, now flickering. I turned on the monitor to reveal the RuneScape log in screen. I logged in and saw my Zaros hilt sitting in my inventory. "Where do I buy the Godsword shards?" I asked myself. I remembered and made my way to world 2 Falador. Walking around the park, I saw no one selling the shards. As I walked back to the middle of Falador, I saw someone selling the shards by the bridge to the White Knight's Fortress.
I wasn't in the mood to haggle, so I just paid what the player was asking. I hopped back to my homeworld, grabbed a hammer from my bank, and walked to Doric's hut to put the pieces together at the anvils. The blade gained a vibrant violet glow. Suddenly, it seemed the sun itself had set on RuneScape.
"I've been waiting for you," a player said.
I checked to see who it was. Sure enough, it was the shadowy figure whose house everyone had escaped to the night I was supposedly banned.
"Come with me," he said.
I complied and followed him toward the wilderness. Before entering, we noticed someone was following us, probably wanting to pk my Zaros godsword. When we went to confront him, I noticed that I had an attack option once again. Curious, I activated its special attack and clicked to attack. As the attack finished, he was hit for all 90 of his hitpoints. Instead of falling down as a killed player normally would, his character turned into a purple haze, which went straight into the shadowy figure's amulet.
"What just happened?" I asked confused.
"That's for me to know and you to find out. Now follow me." he replied.
He pushed back a pillar at the mind altar, revealing a trap door. I followed him down, revealing a vast, dimly-lit passage. Suddenly, the power went out and I was submerged in complete darkness. I tried to turn the laptop back on, but the battery had no charge. I felt a cold breath on the back of my neck and I turned around to fight back. As I began flailing my arms, a bright light manifested.
"Oh, good you're finally awake. How are you feeling?" the doctor asked.
I sat up, dazed and looked around. My mother and sister were sleeping on the chairs at the end of the hospital room.
"Fine, but I'd like some time to collect myself." I told the doctor.
He obliged and left the room. Relieved that the nightmare was over, I casually began observing the room. I looked out my window and saw a man walking by. I looked over at the calendar on the wall to reveal that it was very early Friday morning and I had apparently been unconscious since Sunday.
Later that morning, I was released from the hospital and rode the elevator down from the 11th floor. As we drove away, I looked up to where my window had been. Someone had walked by, but there was no place to walk. I felt the need to tell someone, but I knew no one would believe me after having passed out for almost five days.
As soon as I returned home, I went to my room and grabbed my laptop. I quickly logged in and found my character inside that same dimly-lit passage. Something was definitely wrong. I navigated my way through the passage for what seemed like hours before reaching the end.
I saw the same player again on the other side of the room, which looked like some sort of black hole. Suddenly, it hit me - his amulet was a disk of returning. Not wanting him to see me, I logged out and tried to go to bed.
An awful screeching noise manifested itself from my window. The decayed hand of His was scratching at my window. The scratching continued until I finally fell asleep. It was evident I could get no respite as I found myself imprisoned once more in the same asylum as before. I am going to die.
Tags: Fiction Series
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19435 | Ghost River
Page 1
[Long Description: Kith arrives at work by daybreak. She’s on the phone with her mom, and only her side of the exchange is audible;
Kith: Yeah, mom. I’ll be careful. Yes, I’ll be home for Thanksgiving.
In the next panel, she hangs up.
Kith: Fuck.]
Language, Kith.
Anyway– Hi, hello! Ghost River is a little story about the Agua Fria River here in Arizona. It’s also a story about things that were, getting lost, and reckoning with a canyon that really, really doesn’t want you to be there. This ten-page intro is part one of three; the other two parts will come with time. More on that in a bit.
I hope you enjoy! |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19469 | Book Matt for a Keynote
Torching my $100 million company:
“I’m just like you. As much as I would like to say that I’m a sophisticated MBA graduate with a detailed and perfectly executive business plan, I’m not. I’m a street smart guy who graduated from cooking school. When I started my company 22 years ago, I knew nothing about business. I just knew who to survive. And survive I did. After 2 decades of killing myself, I built a $100 million per year business and it was a train wreck. business had absolutely no “sellability” So what did I do??”
I torched it. I burned it up.
Just like you should do with your business.”
During this keynote speech, Matt will take the audience through the exact process he followed to “Torch” his $100 million business in 2015 and 2016. He will detail the process of why 99% of the businesses are built wrong and how to fix it with his 4 core value strategy. Matt’s 4 core values are the key foundation for any successful business. He believes that “NO BUSINESS SHOULD BE CREATED WITHOUT THESE 4 CORE VALUES AS ITS BACKBONE.”
Matt will explain what they are, how they can be implemented into any business and what the results will be. He personal journey through this process, is told through his own experiences and pain, however through his example of success, the audience will quickly see that they too can fix their business and reach new heights of success and happiness in life and in business.
See the link to Matt’s “TORCHING MY $100 MILLION BUSINESS” keynote speech at the WIN THE STORM Annual Conference in Miami in March 2017
Book Now
Torching my $100 million
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19492 | These Virus-Ridden LimeWire Memes Are A Hilarious Blast From The Past
Some of you may be too young to remember the days before Spotify, but we gotta tell you - they were dangerous. Applications like LimeWire, Kazaa and Napster promised free and easily downloadable music, but it came at a cost. The files were often plagued with viruses, and for opportunistic students eager to steal their favorite Linkin Park hits, this did not bode well for family computers. In a strange turn of events, some very specific Limewire memes have been popping up on communities like Simpsons Shitposting, Reddit, and Twitter.
The Simpsons Shitpostingcommunity is going particularly hard with the meme, but we're also seeing some damn good wrestling iterations. Here are some of our favorites. They don't come with viruses, we promise.
Funny memes about Limewirem, the simpsons.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19538 | FOAF output from WordPress
Note: Please see FOAF Output Plugin for newer versions of WordPress.
A few days ago, Christopher Schmidt mentioned in a comment that he had been hacking on FOAF export for WordPress. He kindly let me take a look at his work, and in addition posted a message to rdfweb-dev.
In short, he had created a set of dynamic stand-alone profile pages, one with HTML output and one with RDF/XML output using FOAF, in a single file, /profile2.php.
Seeing that, it dawned on me: WordPress already has a “profile” page for each of the authors, likely at /archives/author/<login>/ (depending on the permalink structure defined) — and it even has a template name: the_author_posts_link. In its default incarnation it’s simply a list of the posts by that author, but turning it into a profile page by also showing the basic information and linked friends didn’t seem too hard.
So, first order of business is making the profile page “visible” by linking to it from the author name displayed with each post, by hacking in /index.php:
<?php _e("Filed under:"); ?> <?php the_category() ?> —
<?php the_author_posts_link(); ?>
@ <?php the_time() ?>
<?php edit_post_link(); ?>
Next up is actually displaying the profile information when desired — when an author is specified as the search criteria (in /index.php):
<div id="content">
<?php if ('' != $author): ?>
<h2>Author profile for <?php the_author(); ?></h2>
<div class="profile">
<?php the_profile(); ?>
<?php endif; ?>
This is not enough however, since the template the_profile isn’t defined yet. This is done in wp-profile.php.txt (rename to wp-profile.php and place in root directory), which is an extended version of Christopher Schmidt’s original.
This new version now also includes relationships based on the XFN link rel definitions, most of which are also translated into terms from the relationship vocabulary. This last task provided for a few challenges.
First, as has been pointed out by Leigh Dodds in his post simply titled XFN, the information expressed with XFN is incomplete as compared to FOAF and a few assumptions are needed, so if you intend to use this code, make sure you fill out the link fields in the link manager as follows, otherwise the FOAF output will be wrong:
• URI: Link to weblog of the person.
• Link Name: Name of the weblog.
• Short description: Name of the person.
Second, the relationship vocabulary doesn’t have equivalent terms for the XFN relationships muse, crush, date, and sweetheart, so these are simply ignored in the translation process. Also, the relationship terms childOf and parentOf seems to be incorrectly or at least vaguely specified.
Next up is making sure that the actual FOAF output in RDF/XML is sent when requested. For this to work, a few extra lines at the top of /index.php are needed:
/* Don't remove this line. */
if ('' != $author) {
$authordata = get_userdata($author);
The final step is adding a link element, for FOAF autodiscovery, to the head of the HTML profile page, also in /index.php:
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" title="RSS 1.0" href="<?php bloginfo('rdf_url'); ?>" />
<link rel="meta" type="application/rdf+xml" title="FOAF" href="<?php print get_author_link(0, $authordata->ID, $authordata->user_nicename); ?>?format=rdf" />
<?php endif; ?>
Phew, that should do it, see for yourself on my profile page.
Next on the agenda might be integrating with a triple store…
7 thoughts on “FOAF output from WordPress
1. Morten – Interesting additions to WP. I added the FOAF profile mods to my WP install and all went smoothly. A suggestion: in the documentation’s code, there are several smart single quotes. They will cause errors if copied and used directly. Thanks for sharing your work/ideas.
2. Hi! Thanks for this, it’s really helpful, one thing though, you have a link to a foaf.rdf file on your profile, however, I could not get wp to generate this, (have tried playing with .htaccess :D )
Could you tell us how???
Cheers :D
Comments are closed. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19544 | Image of Jaiven Natt
Jaiven Natt
Sorry, couldn't find any biography for Jaiven Natt. Read bio at tmdb | Read bio at Wikipedia
Jan 10, 2005 In Vancouver BC, Canada
Movie/TV Credits:
First Appeared:
In the movie Summer of 84 2018-08-10
Latest Project:
Movie Good Boys 2019-08-14
Known For
Poster of Summer of 84
Movie Good Boys Kissing Party Boy 2019-08-14
Movie Summer of 84 Young Kid 2018-08-10 |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19555 | Information for "List of ASCII letterals"
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19560 | Tips for performance tuning of databases
Database statistics
The most important resource to any SQL optimizer is the statistics collected for different tables within the catalog. Statistics is the information about indexes and their distribution with respect to each other. Optimizer uses this information to decide the least expensive path that satisfies a query. Outdated or missing statistics information will cause the optimizer to take a less optimized path hence increasing the overall response time.Optimizers always tend to select the least expensive path u2013 one that returns least number of rows in fastest time. Why do optimizers rely on statistics? Consider the following query that is run against our sample database to answer this question.
Oracle: ANALYZE command or DBMS_UTILITY package
DB2: RUNSTATS command
Create optimized indexes
SQL optimizer heavily depends on indexes defined for a particular table. Indexes are double-edged sword: no index will degrade performance of your SELECT statements and too many indexes will slow down your DML (INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE) queries. Therefore, it is important to have a right balance of index on tables. Besides the number of indexes, fields that are involved and their order is also very important.
Composite index – Indexes containing more than one field are called composite index. Such indexes should be created if you expect to run queries that will have multiple fields in the WHERE clause and all fields combined will give significantly less rows than the first field alone.
Clustered index – A clustered index determines the physical order of data in a table – meaning the actual data is sorted according to the fields in the index. This is similar to a telephone directory, which arranges data by last name. There can be only one clustered index per table. These indexes are particularly efficient on columns that are often searched for range of values.
Avoid functions on RHS of the operator
Often developers use functions or method with their SQL queries. Consider the following example.
select * from Orders where YEAR(AccountCreatedOn) == 2005 and MONTH(AccountCreatedOn) = 6
Note that even though AccountCreatedOn has an index, the above query changes the where clause such a way that this index cannot be used anymore.
Rewriting the query in the following way will increase the performance tremendously.
Select * From Orders Where AccountCreatedOn between ‘6/1/2013’ and ‘6/30/2013’
Predetermine expected growth
As mentioned earlier indexes have a negative impact on DML queries. One way to minimize this negative affect is to specify an appropriate value for fill factor when creating indexes.When an index is created, the data for indexed columns is stored on the disk. When new rows of data are inserted into the table or the values in the indexed columns are changed, the database may have to reorganize the storage of the data to make room for the new rows. This reorganization can take additional toll on DML queries. However, if you expect new rows on a regular basis in any table, you can specify the expected growth for an index. The terminology used for this expected growth is different in every database. The following table lists the terms used by different RDBMS for expected growth.
Oracle: PCTFREE – Percent Free
DB2: PCTFREE – Percent Free
Specify optimizer hints in SELECT
Although in most cases the query optimizer will pick the appropriate index for a particular table based on statistics, sometimes it is better to specify the index name in your
Example: SELECT * FROM customer WITH ( Index(IdxPhone)) WHERE city = ‘New York City’ and phone = ‘212-555-1212’
Most databases return the execution plan for any SELECT statement that is created by the optimizer. This plan is very useful in fine tuning SQL queries. The following table lists SQL syntax for different databases.
Oracle: EXPLAIN PLAN FOR >Your query<
DB2: EXPLAIN PLAN SET queryno = xxx for >Your query<
MS SQL Server: Set SHOWPLAN_ALL ON >Your query<
Avoid foreign key constraints
Two heads are better than one
Hard disk I/O is among the slowest resource on a computer, which becomes apparent as the size of your database increase. Many databases allow users to split their database onto multiple physical hard drives. In fact, some even go a step further and allow splitting the contents of a table on multiple disks. When you use multiple physical disks, I/O operations speed up significantly since more heads fetch data in parallel.
Select limited data
The less data retrieved, the faster the query will run. Rather than filtering on the client, push as much filtering as possible on the server-end. This will result in less data being sent on the wire and you will see results much faster. Eliminate any obvious or computed columns. Consider the following example.
Example: Select FirstName, LastName, City Where City = ‘New York City’
Drop indexes before loading data
Consider dropping the indexes on a table before loading a large batch of data. This makes the insert statement run faster. Once the inserts are completed, you can recreate the index again.
If you are inserting thousands of rows in an online system, use a temporary table to load data. Ensure that this temporary table does not have any index. Since moving data from one table to another is much faster than loading from an external source, you can now drop indexes on your primary table, move data from temporary to final table, and finally recreate the indexes. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19568 | Romance! Romance! Romance!
Have you ever written, or tried to write a romance novel or short story? Personally, it’s not my thing. The closest I come to a romance write is in my latest story, Cadeyrn’s Tale, but I’d hardly call it a romance story.
Still, there are some things to consider when writing romance. I think it goes without saying, you need two characters that fall in love. Along with the characters, there needs to be a major obstacle that lies in the path of their love. Quite often, the two don’t even realize they are in love until that obstacle reveals it to them.
For some reason, I think of Hallmark romance movies. I don’t mind saying they are too predictable, but they do use the elements of good romance. Consider the following:
1. One of the characters is in a relationship with someone else.
2. One of the characters’ family disapproves of the relationship and threatens to cut the character off.
3. One of the characters misunderstands the kind of person the other character is and initially dislikes him/her (e.g., character is very shy or nervous but it comes across as rude and arrogant).
4. Character X suspects that Character Y is planning or has committed a crime — the more Character X finds out, the more dangerous the situation becomes. (rarely used in Hallmark)
So you’ve developed your two characters and given them a sizable problem to overcome. To make a story, one more thing is needed – a reason for them to work with each other to overcome the problem and work things out. Many times in real life situatios we see couples simply give up and move on. This is a sad situation, but it really doesn’t make for good reading – or writing. There must be a common goal of sorts for them to overcome.
Often one of the two characters is in love with someone else and it must be drawn out to reveal the true love between your characters. However, often there are outside circumstances that intrude upon the lovers. Think about these.
1. One of the characters works for the other (Think the overused nanny falls in love with her employer).
2. Character X is a detective investigating Character Y. The possibilities here are without number.
3. Character X has an accident or is in danger and Character Y has no choice but to take care of him/her.
The trick is make the story unique. These examples have been used over and over and given the first few chapters, the end of the story can easily be concluded. But again, that doesn’t make for good writing. Create your unique characters. Give them a unique obstacle. Give them a unique reason to stay together, and you’ll no doubt have a winner.
Searching for Conflict
As important as character development and plotting may be, without a conflict to drive the story forward – well, there really is no story. So here are some ideas to help you find a page-turning conflict.
Consider what kind of conflict your story will include. Although some may overlap at times, there are seven basic kinds of conflict. You’ll need to know what your driving conflict is as much as you know your characters and the plot. No doubt, your story’s conflict will fit into one of these categories. When planning the conflict for your story consider one of these areas.
• Man vs. Self – This may arguably be the most intense form of conflict, but yet most can identify with it. Everything rides on the outcome.
• Man vs. Man – No doubt, this is the most common form of conflict, and the odds are increased as there are more than one person placed at risk – even if that person is the villain of your story.
• Man vs. Society – A much bigger scope with much to lose if your character is unsuccessful.
• Man vs. Nature – Raw nature is very powerful and must be overcome by an equal if not superior power to survive.
• Man vs. Machine – Of course somewhere along the line, a man invented the machine that is causing conflict. It pits intelligence against intelligence. In today’s world, technolgy is hard to beat.
• Man vs. Fate/Supernatural – This leaves the door opened for so many possibilies. What will be will be – or will it?
• Man vs. the unknown – Think outer space aliens. Think unexplored wilderness, which may also include nature. Think about the future.
If readers care about the result of your story conflict, they will keep reading to find out what happens. So the obvious question is, What makes readers care? I believe this is the reason your readers will care. The readers identify with your character — in other words, readers imagine themselves in your character’s place. Readers tend to identify with the viewpoint character and feel as if they’re resolving the story’s conflict along with him or her. They’ve not resolved the conflict until your character does.
Here are some ways to turn a character idea into an idea for conflict. And the good thing is you can use these ideas over and over in different combinations to create new characters and conflicts.
• Is there something your character desires or wants to accomplish? Imagine that your character is in a position to obtain his desire, but what are the roadblocks that easily prevent him/her from doing so.
• Give your character an important goal to reach, and give her/him a deep-seated fear that s/he will have to face to make the goal.
• Give your character someone to hate. Then involve the two in a struggle (possibly a struggle that will change both of them).
• Imagine the opposite. Who is someone your character loves? Imagine a situation which threatens to cut your character off from this person. What is the response of your character?
• Give your character a major weakness. Then involve him a pursuit that if he is to acheive it, s/he must overcome the weakness.
• Put your character in a situation that s/he doesn’t know about himself or herself and s/he is about to ruin his or her life, unless the character is capable of making drastic changes.
• Give your character two or more people to deeply care about. What happens when you introcuce a situation in which your character must choose between one or another.
Give some things a try. Let me know how you make out!
A Little Character Goes a Long Way
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19571 | AnsweredAssumed Answered
How can I get my pre-header to show when it's not appearing despite being set up in the email?
Question asked by Natalie Frost on Jul 18, 2019
Latest reply on Jul 18, 2019 by Sanford Whiteman
I have a pre-header set up on my email however when sending the test email, I am not seeing this and just the footer text is appearing after my subject line. Is there anything else I can do to fix this? pre-header |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19581 | X-Men: Days of Future Past Has Officially Reset the X-Men Film Canon
The X-Men universe as we know it on film has officially been reset following the events in X-Men: Days of Future Past….
Unlike the Marvel Cinematic Universe that started several years ago with a clear connection between movies and a shared universe between all the different characters, that hasn’t always been the case in other superhero franchises — for example the X-Men movies, which are owned and developed by 21st Century FOX.
While the first three X-Men movies all follow the same time line — X-Men, X2 and X-Men: The Last Stand — the story took a slight detour with the blast from the past feature X-Men: First Class.
That film was followed up by the critically acclaimed feature X-Men: Days of Future Past, which seemingly destroyed all the previous mythology with a time traveling adventure that ultimately wiped out any past misdeeds in the series.
Now for the first time, X-Men producer and writer Simon Kinberg is confirming that what you saw at the end of X-Men: Days of Future Past with Professor Xavier, Jean Grey, Cyclops and everybody else still alive is the same universe you’ll enter again for the new film X-Men: Apocalypse and any other ‘X’ movies that are released.
“The idea is that we’ve sort of reset the timeline after Days of Future Past in some ways, and if not erased, certainly allowed for change from [the original X-Men movie), 2, 3, everything from Days of Future Past forward. Everything we set now becomes canon,” Kinberg told MTV.
Following X-Men: Apocalypse, producers are already gearing up for the release of Deadpool starring Ryan Reynolds and then Gambit starring Channing Tatum and the plan is to involve both of those characters in the X-Men universe as well.
Those two films are included in the new mutant canon created after X-Men: Days of Future Past.
“The Gambit movie, the Deadpool movie, will exist in a world that acknowledges whatever happened in Days of Future Past and moving forward. There will be interplay between different characters in different movies,” Kinberg said.
It looks like the X-Men movies will be following suit to what DC is doing now with Batman V. Superman: Dawn of Justice and a whole new franchise series of films that will copy what Marvel has done so ingeniously for the past few years.
The X-Men series will be the same with Deadpool kicking things off in February 2016 followed by the release of X-Men: Apocalypse in May 2016.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19582 | 3D Movies on Netflix
There’s something so wonderful about the exhilarating experience of watching a 3D movie, right? You feel that the images on screen are popping right infront of your eye and that you are not watching a movie- it’s real. You must have watched atleast one of such movies in theaters and are looking forward to watch 3D movies on Netflix.
Does Netflix have 3D movies? Yes, fortunately. Back until 2012, Netflix did not even have a 3D movie but with lot of increasing demands from Netflix subscribers, it was announced that 3D movies will be added in its library. Netflix was on rise and what more could better help it overtake other video rental companies?
And, how better could Netflix treat its subscribers with incredible, appealing and flinching 3D movies made available on-demand? Back in the early days, there were not much 3D movies, and Netflix library had only few films like Immortals, The African Wild, Scary Tales and Live Fire, and The Art of Flight, the first one being the only narrative movie. Netflix stood by its promise of adding more documentaries and nature themed 3D movies and they eventually did well.
However, just with the availability of 3D movies on Netflix, it might not be easy for a Netflix user to watch it. You need to keep a few things in mind and have a few things installed as listed below in order to watch 3D streaming videos on Netflix-
• Your ISP (Internet Service Provider) must have an access to the Netflix Open Connect Content Delivery Network. If you have it, you’re good to go.
• 3D Movies consume a lot of bandwidth than normal 2D movies. You surely would hate to avoid re-buffering. So, an internet speed of 6-10 Mbps can be perfect.
• If you are looking to order 3D movies on Netflix, you need to have a Blu-ray disc player and a TV to support 3D streaming. So, if you don’t have a latest technology television set, you need to get one to enjoy the service.
• If you’re using devices that support Netflix, you need to install 3D-enabled Netflix app. If you don’t have it, you won’t have an access to watch 3D videos. Easy right?
So, the first thing to do to watch 3D movies on Netflix is make sure that you’ve everything setup as mentioned above. Also, Netflix library keeps 3D movies shuffling, more than any other movies and you might not get a chance to watch a movie of your choice.
You might need to check out-
• List of All 3D Movies Streaming on Netflix Right Now
You might not enjoy watching 3D movies at home when compared to that in the theaters with glasses or cardboard on, but it’s still not the dead end. We have our fingers crossed, hoping that Netflix library of 3D movies will grow sooner. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19607 | Anthropology and Anarchism
Jonathan Marshall (University of Technology, Sydney)
Ligertwood 216 Sarawak Room
Start time:
14 December, 2017 at 9:00
Session slots:
Short abstract:
Both Anthropology and Anarchism suggest the State is a disruptive process. This panel aims to explore the exigencies of resistance to, or avoidance of, the State throughout the world whether local, political, economic or cultural. Is such resistance Utopian, practical or delusional?
Long abstract:
Anthropology has long studied 'stateless societies' and anarchists from Kropotkin onwards have used Anthropological evidence to suggest that the State is not a 'natural', but a disruptive, stumbling and repressive process, which can be avoided. Later Anthropologists such as Clastres and Scott have suggested that many societies, or parts of societies, organize themselves to resist or avoid the State and actively prevent the basis of its formation or power. The ontological status of the State may also be fraught. Radcliffe-Brown wrote: "The State... does not exist in the phenomenal world, it is a fiction of the philosophers. What does exist is an organization i.e. a collection of individual human beings connected by a complex system of relations… There is no such thing as the power of the State " Given this, what are the bases for the appearance of State power? Do they exist outside of the State, in say corporations? Are States fictions, rhetorics, imaginings, networks or inertias? What is the basis for State knowledge - is it, as Graeber suggests, influenced by the power/ignorance nexus, as much as the power/knowledge nexus, and thus prone to stupidity and distortion? How does the State undermine its own authority and how does this mismatch between authority and knowledge work out? How do people and societies resist or avoid the State, whether this is local, political economic or cultural? Is such resistance Utopian, practical or delusional? Papers are invited from any field in which these questions sound relevant. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19637 |
Published January 25th, 2017 - 01.25.1714
Considering his professed—but not necessarily believable—anti-establishment positions, is there a possibility that he might take certain actions that would contribute to the development of a stronger labor movement? After all, he claims not to be a doctrinal Republican. Indeed, the Huffington Post reported during the campaign that Trump “did something unheard of for a modern Republican presidential candidate. He made a direct appeal to union workers and claimed to be their champion.” And at a New Hampshire town-hall meeting in February of 2016 he bragged about his relations with unions, boasting that “I have tremendous support within unions,” and “Workers love me”. He also told Newsweek that he had a “great relationships with unions.”
What are those relationships? Most of Trump’s contacts with organized labor related to his business activities in New York and New Jersey. A Newsweek study reported that “labor records and interviews with labor leaders and other experts suggest that rather than being union-busters, Trump and his organization worked well with unions on a regular basis.” Indeed, Newsweek found “plenty of evidence that Trump and labor groups have mostly played nice over the decades [and that] the Trump organization has faced comparatively few labor complaints from his home base in New York over the past nearly 18 years.”
There are reasons, however—especially current reasons—to differ with that assessment, particularly outside of New York and Atlantic City where Trump’s labor reputation in the world of business and construction has been mostly nonunion and even anti-union: for example, the recently-settled but long-lasting opposition of his Las Vegas hotel to bargaining with the Culinary Workers Union, for which he spent half-a-million dollars for professional anti-union representation, but was nevertheless found guilty by the NLRB of unlawful refusal to bargain. Among his anti-union statements is his assertion that unions have done “a terrible job representing workers. No wonder companies flee the country.” And “If United Steel Workers 1999 was any good, they would have kept those jobs in Indiana.” Furthermore, Trump has expressed strong support for “right-to-work” legislation.
Considering that he won his election with the critical votes of many union men in Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, what position will he likely take toward organized labor? Probably no one, including Trump himself, knows the precise answer to that question, or whether he will continue or worsen the GOP’s endemic negative attitude toward unions. My own view of what he might do—which is colored by my hope as to what I think he should do—stems from his previous labor-relations experience and public statements, such as I noted above, plus my tentative consideration and appraisal of his basic nature—which seems to be the same as President Obama’s, who said “I don’t think he is ideological. Ultimately he is pragmatic.” That pragmatism was illustrated by his asserted justification for his tendency to use the law, whether tax laws or state labor laws, to obtain the best business deals possible, for he boasted that “I’ve used the laws of the country to my advantage just as . . . many, many others on top of the business world have.” However, Trump has also asserted his intent to make his Presidential decisions based on what he deems best for the country, not just on what is best for Donald Trump. I would therefore like to believe that he will apply the latter standard to matters involving labor-relations, especially since he claims to “have great relationships with unions” and has expressed his disdain for so many major policies of the Republican establishment—but in truth I will be totally surprised if that happens. If, however, Trump should prove to be a non-ideological President who will opposes key elements of the establishment—though his announcements of major appointments to date suggest otherwise—he should be amenable to allowing the NLRB to function according to its true statutory policy rather than treating it in the manner of his Republican predecessors, all of whom appointed critical numbers of Board Members and NLRB General Counsels who were opposed to the NLRA’s basic policy of favoring collective bargaining, a practice that contributed substantially to the Board’s failure to adequately enforce the Act
Thus, if President Trump wishes to be well-meaning with reference to the Labor Board—which I doubt—I propose that he simply fill all Membership and General Counsel vacancies on the Board with only qualified persons who have already demonstrated, or can truthfully demonstrate, that they genuinely favor the collective-bargaining policy contained in the Act and pledge to support that policy. Such appointments would allow the Board to function as every Congress that enacted or amended the Act clearly intended, which would be an action that could yield Trump some support from unions, such as he claimed to have during the election campaign.
With two existing NLRB vacancies to be filled, the new President will have a golden opportunity to move the Board in the direction spelled out in the text of the Act, which would make it easier for employees who wish to unionize and benefit from collective bargaining to do so. If that happens, the American labor movement will regain some of its lost authority and the resulting increase in working class wages will ultimately contribute to a healthier middle class. This will not happen, however, if Trump yields to the usual anti-union elements in the Republican Party. Yet no one will be more surprised than I if he decides to buck those elements and appoint Board Members, and ultimately a General Counsel, who honestly favor collective bargaining. I hope I’m wrong in my pessimism; if not, this can be a goal for a future President.
14 recommended
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19642 | 09 Jan 2013
New Year, New Look. Making Your CMS Work For You
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Think about it. Would you fire the cleaning crew, let your carpet go with a good cleaning, and the trash baskets overflow onto your floors? Probably not. You might even look for a fresh coat of paint every so often to keep the place looking sharp.
Yet many companies and organizations think of their website like they think of their roof – once I invest in it, I can ignore it for years.
One of the great things about good content management systems is the ease with which your organization or cause can change their single most visited property.
Our site is less than a year old. Because it is built on WordPress, we can completely alter the look and feel of our site with little notice. This site, launched yesterday, took only a few hours to put together, reused all of the content from our last site, and required very little to convert to a completely new look.
Granted, some sites have much deeper content – posts and pages that have been accumulating for years. The advantage to moving all of that information to a better architected solution is even greater than it is for a site like ours.
Current generation content solutions like WordPress and Drupal also free you from the burden of proprietary systems that hold your site, and your organization, hostage. No longer will you have to pay exorbitant rates for simple fixes.
It’s time to take control of your organization’s most visible asset.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19668 | • Offshore trustees have to pay Income Tax (IT) arising on UK source assets; however, when UK bank interests and dividends from UK companies are held by the offshore trustees, they are exempt from IT provided that for that tax year the beneficiaries were not UK residents.
• Offshore trustees are not liable for UK IT foreign income. To avoid settlors taking advantage of this, the income arising in the trust is taxable on UK – resident beneficiaries when they receive a benefit from the trust;
A benefit will include:
a) a distribution from the trust (either cash or a specific asset)
b) an interest-free loan
c) rent-free use of trust property
• Taxation of trust expenses: If the settlor is liable for IT because he or his spouse and/or minor children can benefit out of a discretionary trust then he cannot deduct any trust management expenses. If the settlor is not taxable on income then as a general principle the trust management expenses can be deducted.
• How Capital Gains Tax (CGT) applies to offshore trusts:
– From 6/04/2015 offshore trustees became liable for CGT on gains accruing to them on disposals of UK residential property.
– For any other type of assets held by the offshore trustees, there is no CGT upon disposal as a result of their non-resident status.
– To avoid settlors exploiting this residence requirement by transferring assets to offshore trusts, the legislation attributes capital gains realized by offshore trustees to either:
a) the settlor on an arising basis
b) if the settlor is not chargeable, to the beneficiaries when they receive a capital payment from the trust.
This requirement concerns settlors and beneficiaries whose domicile status is a UK-resident and will not affect or penalize the non-UK settlors or beneficiaries.
• It is noticeable that s.86 of TCGA 1992 attributes trust gains on settlors when:
a. the settlor has an interest in an offshore trust
b. the settlor is domiciled in the UK for some time during that tax year
c. the settlor is resident in the UK for the tax year or at least is an ordinary resident at some time during the tax year
When the above conditions are met, any gains realized by the trustees during the tax year are attributed to the settlor for CGT purposes.
It is significant that s.86 does not apply to non-UK domiciled settlors.
• Inheritance Tax (IHT) aspect for offshore trusts: for IHT purposes only the domicile aspect of the individual of trust is relevant not taking into consideration the residence status. Generally a Trust is subject to IHT unless it is an excluded property trust, meaning a trust that meets the following requirements:
a. when the settlor creates the trust or adds funds to it he is neither domiciled not “deemed domiciled” in the UK for IHT purposes and has not subsequently elected to be treated as a UK domiciled for IHT purposes for a period that includes the date on which he created the trust.
b. the trust does not own UK based assets.
The applicability of IHT therefore will affect non-UK domiciles since as of 06/04/2017 they will be deemed UK domiciles either due to their long term status (residing in the UK 15 out of the last 20 tax years) or due to their domicile of origin while resident the past 2 tax years in the UK regardless of having a different domicile of choice. The affected UK ‘non-doms’ are strongly advised to seek legal and tax assistance for asset planning while the time window remains open in order to retain their benefits and keep enjoying their non-UK tax exempt and protected treatment.
For more information on asset planning via offshore trust schemes such as a Cyprus International Trust (CIT) and asset management via a trust held insurance wrapper please contact Mr. Paris Hadjipanayis at [email protected]
FAQ on estate planning for UK expats in Cyprus
|
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19679 | Sending a reminder for Network Invites
If you invited a company to connect on the Network and they haven't accepted the invite yet, send a reminder.
Sending a Reminder
1. Log in to PayMaker
2. Click the Network icon
3. Click Access additional network features here
4. Click Invites
5. Under Invites Received, click Sent
6. Click on the Company you'd like to remind about your invite
7. Scroll down and click Resend Invite |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19681 | Refunding a Klarna transaction
Only the transactions that have not been captured can be refunded.
They can have the following statuses:
• To be validated
• Waiting for authorization
1. Select the Captured transactions tab.
2. Select a Klarna transaction.
3. Right-click on the selected transaction.
4. Select Perform a refund in the context menu. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19704 | Money and Entities
What if a willingness to receive from entities could totally contribute to your money flows? What if there were spirits who could and would assist you with money?
Have you been asking??
See who and what you can work with to make money a magical adventure rather than a desperate necessity.
2-3 hours
As listed
Location pricing applies
Özür dileriz, eşleşmiş mevcut bir seminer ya da etkinlik bulunmuyor.
Sonuçlar: ( {{totalCount}} Sonuç Bulundu )
Konum Ortam
Ana İşlem{{event.eventHost}} |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19729 | How to clone a character (skin + skeleton) ?
• On 04/02/2013 at 08:11, xxxxxxxx wrote:
User Information:
Cinema 4D Version:
Language(s) :
I need to make a copy of a character in my plugin.
But when I use the method
character2 = character1->GetClone(COPYFLAGS_0, 0);
the character2's skin is influenced by the character1's skeleton!
Does anyone know how to get a complete copy of a character like it is done with Ctrl+C & Ctrl+V in the editor (so that the copied skin is influenced by the copied skeleton) ?
• On 04/02/2013 at 10:01, xxxxxxxx wrote:
You'll need to allocate, init, and use an AliasTrans so that all of the links in the clone point to the clone and not the original.
Example from the docs:
AutoAlloc<AliasTrans> aliastrans;
if (!aliastrans || !aliastrans->Init(document)) return FALSE;
dup = op->GetClone(COPYFLAGS_0, aliastrans);
if (!dup) return FALSE;
• On 05/02/2013 at 02:14, xxxxxxxx wrote:
It was so obvious! I should have tried this. I am so ashamed of myself now.
Thanks !
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19734 | Showing results for
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Can we use xDB replication on Amazon RDS?
Can we use xDB replication on Amazon RDS?
Hi guys need help, I have no idea yet on Postgres RDS on how to replicate its data going to non-rds Postgres (EC2 or On premise Postgres),
We are looking for some possible solutions:
>> Trigger Based replication
>> Logical Replication
>> PEM server (Streaming Replication)
>> xdb Replication
>> etc.
Right now, we are planning to setup a replication using xDB replication Server of EDB, is it possible , or use case using xdb replication in Postgres Amazon RDS?
We have:
Postgres RDS (master) going to EC2 Postgres (Slave), or
Postgres RDS (master) going to a Postgres hosted in on baremetal server with tools like PEM, xdb Replication Server.
Level 2 Adventurer
Re: Can we use xDB replication on Amazon RDS?
RDS will not let you install any third party software. According to AWS documentation (
Because of this xDB cannot be installed/used
Re: Can we use xDB replication on Amazon RDS?
Assuming that you want to install XDB multi-master replication (MMR) on an EC2 instance (which you can do), the primary gotcha that exists if you want to replicate RDS->EC2 is that you don't have access to pg_hba.conf on the RDS side, so you can't actually use Logical Replication and set up a replication user and use log-based replication. Also, with RDS, you don't get *real* superuser access (though that may not necessarily be a problem in this instance). With that said, I think you *might* be able to set up trigger-based replication, but I haven't tried that yet.
Understandably, RDS has a lot of usability limitations, and if you need control over your database in this sort of fashion, I'd recommend just installing PG/EPAS on a couple of EC2 instances, and use xDB to set up the replication cluster the way you'd like--things would be much more predictable and controllable that way.
Hope that helps!
Gold Adventurer
Re: Can we use xDB replication on Amazon RDS?
You can use xDB trigger based replication from RDS to Postgres on EC2/Bare-metal.
Also, you would like to check your instance if it supports logical decoding capability or not. Based on recent announcement, RDS supports logical decoding: |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19755 | ONNX Live Tutorial
This tutorial will show you to convert a neural style transfer model that has been exported from PyTorch into the Apple CoreML format using ONNX. This will allow you to easily run deep learning models on Apple devices and, in this case, live stream from the camera.
What is ONNX?
ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange) is an open format to represent deep learning models. With ONNX, AI developers can more easily move models between state-of-the-art tools and choose the combination that is best for them. ONNX is developed and supported by a community of partners. You can learn more about ONNX and what tools are supported by going to
Preparing the Environment
We will be working in a virtualenv in order to avoid conflicts with your local packages. We are also using Python 3.6 for this tutorial, but other versions should work as well.
python3.6 -m venv venv
source ./venv/bin/activate
You need to install pytorch and the onnx->coreml converter:
pip install torchvision onnx-coreml
You will also need to install XCode if you want to run the iOS style transfer app on your iPhone. You can also convert models in Linux, however to run the iOS app itself, you will need a Mac.
Download (or train) PyTorch style transfer models
For this tutorial, we will use the style transfer models that are published with pytorch in . If you would like to use a different PyTorch or ONNX model, feel free to skip this step.
These models are meant for applying style transfer on still images and really not optimized to be fast enough for video. However if we reduce the resolution low enough, they can also work well on videos.
Let’s download the models:
git clone
cd examples/fast_neural_style
If you would like to train the models yourself, the pytorch/examples repository you just cloned has more information on how to do this. For now, we’ll just download pre-trained models with the script provided by the repository:
This script downloads the pre-trained PyTorch models and puts them into the saved_models folder. There should now be 4 files, candy.pth, mosaic.pth, rain_princess.pth and udnie.pth in your directory.
Convert the PyTorch models to ONNX models
Now that we have the pre-trained PyTorch models as .pth files in the saved_models folder, we will need to convert them to ONNX format. The model definition is in the pytorch/examples repository we cloned previously, and with a few lines of python we can export it to ONNX. In this case, instead of actually running the neural net, we will call torch.onnx._export, which is provided with PyTorch as an api to directly export ONNX formatted models from PyTorch. However, in this case we don’t even need to do that, because a script already exists neural_style/ that will do this for us. You can also take a look at that script if you would like to apply it to other models.
Exporting the ONNX format from PyTorch is essentially tracing your neural network so this api call will internally run the network on ‘dummy data’ in order to generate the graph. For this, it needs an input image to apply the style transfer to which can simply be a blank image. However, the pixel size of this image is important, as this will be the size for the exported style transfer model. To get good performance, we’ll use a resolution of 250x540. Feel free to take a larger resolution if you care less about FPS and more about style transfer quality.
Let’s use ImageMagick to create a blank image of the resolution we want:
convert -size 250x540 xc:white png24:dummy.jpg
and use that to export the PyTorch models:
python ./neural_style/ eval --content-image dummy.jpg --output-image dummy-out.jpg --model ./saved_models/candy.pth --cuda 0 --export_onnx ./saved_models/candy.onnx
python ./neural_style/ eval --content-image dummy.jpg --output-image dummy-out.jpg --model ./saved_models/udnie.pth --cuda 0 --export_onnx ./saved_models/udnie.onnx
python ./neural_style/ eval --content-image dummy.jpg --output-image dummy-out.jpg --model ./saved_models/rain_princess.pth --cuda 0 --export_onnx ./saved_models/rain_princess.onnx
python ./neural_style/ eval --content-image dummy.jpg --output-image dummy-out.jpg --model ./saved_models/mosaic.pth --cuda 0 --export_onnx ./saved_models/mosaic.onnx
You should end up with 4 files, candy.onnx, mosaic.onnx, rain_princess.onnx and udnie.onnx, created from the corresponding .pth files.
Convert the ONNX models to CoreML models
Now that we have ONNX models, we can convert them to CoreML models in order to run them on Apple devices. For this, we use the onnx-coreml converter we installed previously. The converter comes with a convert-onnx-to-coreml script, which the installation steps above added to our path. Unfortunately that won’t work for us as we need to mark the input and output of the network as an image and, while this is supported by the converter, it is only supported when calling the converter from python.
Looking at the style transfer model (for example opening the .onnx file in an application like Netron), we see that the input is named ‘0’ and the output is named ‘186’. These are just numeric ids assigned by PyTorch. We will need to mark these as images.
So let’s create a small python file and call it This can be created by using the touch command and edited with your favorite editor to add the following lines of code.
import sys
from onnx import onnx_pb
from onnx_coreml import convert
model_in = sys.argv[1]
model_out = sys.argv[2]
model_file = open(model_in, 'rb')
model_proto = onnx_pb.ModelProto()
coreml_model = convert(model_proto, image_input_names=['0'], image_output_names=['186'])
we now run it:
python ./saved_models/candy.onnx ./saved_models/candy.mlmodel
python ./saved_models/udnie.onnx ./saved_models/udnie.mlmodel
python ./saved_models/rain_princess.onnx ./saved_models/rain_princess.mlmodel
python ./saved_models/mosaic.onnx ./saved_models/mosaic.mlmodel
Now, there should be 4 CoreML models in your saved_models directory: candy.mlmodel, mosaic.mlmodel, rain_princess.mlmodel and udnie.mlmodel.
Run the CoreML models in a style transfer iOS App
This repository (i.e. the one you’re currently reading the of) contains an iOS app able to run CoreML style transfer models on a live camera stream from your phone camera. Let’s clone the repository:
git clone
and open the tutorials/examples/CoreML/ONNXLive/ONNXLive.xcodeproj project in XCode. We recommend using XCode 9.3 and an iPhone X. There might be issues running on older devices or XCode versions.
In the Models/ folder, the project contains some .mlmodel files. We’re going to replace them with the models we just created.
You then run the app on your iPhone and you are all set. Tapping on the screen switches through the models.
We hope this tutorial gave you an overview of what ONNX is about and how you can use it to convert neural networks between frameworks, in this case neural style transfer models moving from PyTorch to CoreML.
Feel free to experiment with these steps and test them on your own models. Please let us know if you hit any issues or want to give feedback. We’d like to hear what you think.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19758 | Jasmine Plants
Indoor jasmine
Anonymous added on February 26, 2018 | Answered
bought my hanging basket indoor jasmine plant one week ago. Why are the flowers going brown ?but the vines are healthy and growing
A.Answers to this queston: Add Answer
Answered on February 26, 2018
Jasmine flowers do not last much longer than a week. Are there still buds on it or have they dried and fallen off? If so, then it may be because you repotted; are not providing good sunlight; or are not watering properly.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19759 | Activism, Feminism, History, Politics, Recommended
How Feminism Paved the Way for Transgenderism
In the last decade, in many parts of the English-speaking world, transgender advocacy has made substantial, and at times, expansive gains, with trans rights becoming embedded in institutions and enforced by the state. Like any significant historical event, this gender revolution has multiple causes. One is digital technology, providing virtual worlds which transcend physical reality and online networks for spreading activism. Another is academic theory: postmodernism and queer theory. I want to make the less obvious argument that transgenderism has been promoted by feminism.
Not all feminism, of course. From the start of the second wave, some radical feminists opposed the inclusion of male-to-female transsexuals under the general heading of “women.” Their argument culminated in Janice Raymond’s Transsexual Empire (1979): “All transsexuals rape women’s bodies by reducing the real female form to an artifact.” Transsexualism, she observed, was the creation of medical men like John Money and Harry Benjamin. As the current wave of transgenderism was building at the beginning of the 21st century, a handful of radical lesbian feminists warned that it was detrimental to the material interests of women. They included Sheila Jeffreys, an English political scientist then teaching at the University of Melbourne, and Gallus Mag, a pseudonymous American blogger. At the time, their warnings must have seemed hysterical; they now appear remarkably prescient.
These radical feminists argued that “trans activism is misogyny” and “a men’s rights movement.” They were correct about its objective consequences being bad for females, as set out by the philosopher Kathleen Stock and the journalist Helen Joyce. The end of segregation by sex threatens the dignity and safety of women rather than men, because men are more violent and sexually predatory than women. Men in prison, for example, have a huge incentive to claim a female identity. In sports, the physical advantages of men are so great that their entry into women’s competitions automatically takes places from females. Women who enter men’s competitions, by contrast, are destined to lose. In the realm of sexuality, young lesbians are vulnerable to aggressive pursuit by transwomen, which activists celebrate as “breaking the cotton ceiling.” There is no equivalent pressure on men, whether straight or gay.
Transgenderism also undermines the female sex in more subtle ways. In progressive communities, a growing number of young women assert that they are men or nonbinary, and that has consequences for ordinary social interactions. People become so fearful of “misgendering”—which has become a postmodern form of blasphemy—that they stop using female pronouns for women who do not display a feminine style. Long-established schools for girls can no longer refer to their pupils’ sex. Discussion of women’s bodies now requires circumlocutions like “menstruators” and “everyone with a cervix.”
In my view, then, radical feminists are correct that transgenderism—in its objective consequences—harms the interests of women and girls. The fact that a policy is bad for females is not a decisive argument against it, of course. We always balance competing interests, and one may argue that the benefits for transwomen outweigh the costs for women. My interest is not in the normative question of whose claims should prevail, but in the sociological question of who pushed these claims. In short, who has led this “men’s rights’ movement”?
Let us list the major players in Britain. Former Prime Minister Theresa May announced that “being trans is not a mental illness.” “As an ardent, passionate feminist,” Nicola Sturgeon, First Minister of Scotland, wants to eliminate sex segregation. Conservative MP Maria Miller headed the Committee for Women and Equalities, a select committee of the House of Commons, which proposed reforming the Gender Recognition Act to make it easier for people to change their legal sex; she derided critics of this proposal as “women who purport to be feminists.” Dawn Butler, Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities in the Labour Party, insists that “trans women are women” and arranged for them to enter the party’s all-women’s shortlists for parliamentary seats. Ruth Hunt transformed Stonewall from a charity that campaigned for homosexual rights to one devoted to transgender rights, even at the expense of lesbians. Mermaids, which advocates for the transgendering of children, is run by Susie Green. Polly Carmichael, director of the NHS Gender Identity Development Service, lowered the age at which puberty-blocking drugs could be administered to children who identify as trans—now disproportionately girls. Katharine Viner is chief executive of the Guardian newspaper which has championed the transgender cause for many years.
Virtually the entire feminist establishment has embraced transgenderism, from celebrated feminist Members of Parliament like Jess Phillips (Labour Party) and Mhairi Black (Scottish National Party) to organizations like the Fawcett Society, Engender (the feminist group funded by the Scottish government), the Women’s Equality Party, and Women’s Aid. Transgender doctrines are enforced by the burgeoning diversity-industrial complex which was created by feminists and is disproportionately staffed by women. It was a woman employed as a university Equality Projects Officer who started a petition to transfer a violent transwoman to a women’s prison; the petition was so successful that it persuaded the government to divide prisons by gender identity rather than sex. In universities, transgender doctrine is promoted by feminist academics like Sally Hines and Alison Phipps. Because radical feminism has almost disappeared from universities, academic opponents of transgenderism—now labelled as “gender-critical”—are, for the most part, women whose scholarship isn’t directly linked to contemporary feminism. Kathleen Stock, for example, worked on the philosophy of aesthetics. But there are some gender-critical voices within the feminist establishment. Joanna Cherry (Scottish National Party) is one of only two Members of Parliament who publicly question transgender orthodoxy. Karen Ingala Smith’s charity NiA runs women’s shelters in the old-fashioned sense, restricted to females. Such exceptions are rare.
Male politicians on the left have echoed the mantras of transgenderism. When asked whether transwomen are women, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn answered affirmatively, albeit without enthusiasm. He has since ignored the issue. The website Pink News, run by Benjamin Cohen, aggressively promotes the transgender cause. Overall, though, powerful men have done rather less than powerful women to institutionalize gender identity.
When we look at public opinion, we find the same difference between the sexes. The 2016 British Social Attitudes survey asked whether a transwoman—defined as “a man who has gone through all or part of a process to become a woman”—could enter a women’s refuge: 55 percent of male respondents were “very” or “quite comfortable,” compared to 64 percent of females. (The difference is statistically significant, p = .002; n = 974.) Respondents conceivably envisaged an old-style transsexual who had undergone genital surgery. Fortunately, rank-and-file gender-critical feminists (led by Helen Staniland) crowd-funded a survey that asked explicitly about “a person who was born male and has male genitalia but who identifies as a woman.” Acceptance is much reduced, but the disparity remains: 11 percent of men would admit this person into women’s changing rooms, compared to 17 percent of women. (The difference is statistically significant, p < .001; n = 2,074.) Just as women are more likely to accept the claims of transgenderism, they are more likely to silence gender-critical feminists. A YouGov survey asked British students last year whether their university should allow a speech by “someone who believes that transgender women are not ‘real’ women.” Half the male students would allow such a speech, but only a quarter of the females. (The difference is statistically significant, p < .001; n = 1,004.)
The evidence is overwhelming. Transgenderism—a “men’s rights movement”—has greater support from women than from men, and its success has depended on women in power who brandish their feminist credentials. This paradox has gone unremarked by the small but growing band of gender-critical feminists. When the paradox is noted, it is explained away as the result of “female socialization”: women are socialized to be kind to men, and therefore they prioritize ostensibly vulnerable males—transwomen—over their own needs. This explanation might have some validity for ordinary women. But it cannot be plausibly applied to ambitious and successful politicians and their counterparts in charities, public services, and universities. It is also hard to reconcile with the fact that young people with a university degree are the most likely demographic to embrace transgenderism; young women with degrees are also most likely to call themselves feminists. Could there be something about mainstream feminism which prepared the way for transgenderism?
The foundational premise for feminism is that every difference between males and females in attitudes and behavior is due to socialization: there are no socially relevant biological differences above the neck. Thus the same feminists who denounce male violence and sexual objectification also endorse Cordelia Fine and Gina Rippon for arguing that there are no differences between female and male brains. There are some obvious problems with the premise. Why are humans the only mammalian species where evolution did not produce sexual differences in behavior? Why are some sex differences remarkably uniform across different cultures? For example, men commit more violence than women—as feminists themselves rightly emphasize—even though the overall level of violence varies greatly from one society to another. Leaving aside the validity of this premise, though, my interest is in how this premise paved the way for transgenderism.
If you ground the justification for sex segregation (in prisons, changing rooms, and so on) on socialization rather than biology, then it is much harder to argue for the exclusion of transwomen from women’s spaces. Your argument depends crucially on the proposition that trans-identified people have been socialized into sex roles corresponding to their birth sex. Needless to say, transgender people reject this proposition. To quote transfeminine activist Florence Ashley, “We can’t be socialized into a gender we don’t have.” In some cases their claims may seem implausible, as when a man in his seventies declares himself a woman. Nevertheless, socialization can fail, as is demonstrated by the fact that gays and lesbians exist despite the inculcation of heterosexuality. The argument for socialization is further weakened by the transitioning of children at younger and younger ages. If parents raise their son as a girl from the age of three, on what grounds can biology-denying feminists assert that this child is being socialized as male? If you really believe that observed behavioral differences between the sexes are due entirely to socialization, then you should readily accept the new generation of transkids in their acquired gender.
Because socialization provides only a fragile foundation for sex segregation, it was easily undermined by transgender activism. Why did this vulnerability become apparent only in the last decade or so? In the 1970s, when feminism resurged, the insistence that all differences between men and women were socially constructed was balanced by conventional opinion which then exaggerated biological differences. More importantly, society was structured so that men’s and women’s experiences differed in almost every respect. In 1970, women comprised just 19 percent of undergraduates at the University of Oxford, and almost all of them belonged to female-only colleges. A female Prime Minister was then hard to imagine, there having been only three female elected heads of government in the world. Differences between the sexes were reinforced by innumerable everyday rituals: men would be expected to hold open a door for a woman and to help her on with her coat. Enid Blyton’s Famous Five stories for children are riddled with sexist stereotypes, and yet the tomboy—Georgina who insisted on being called George—is portrayed fondly. She rebelled against the imposition of femininity, but did not imagine that she was not female. (Female-to-male transsexuals in this era were vanishingly rare.)
Half a century later, many of the social differences between men and women have been eradicated or at least attenuated—thanks in good measure to feminism. Gender roles are not rigidly enforced, at least for adults. (Children’s toys are more gendered than they were in the 1970s, which might be another instance of the gender-equality paradox—in more sexually egalitarian societies, men and women’s personalities and career choices differ more.) Experiences of men and women still diverge with the birth of children, of course, but this event now comes much later in life. It is telling that young women with university degrees are most likely to assert that transwomen are women; they are also the least likely to have experienced the exigencies of reproduction. The insistence that there are no biological differences in attitudes and behavior between the sexes is no longer a radical dissenting view; it is established orthodoxy. To question it might even lead you to lose your job, as we saw with James Damore.
If society denies biological differences and does not rigidly enforce gender roles, then the way is cleared for transgenderism. Being a man or woman—or neither—becomes a matter of subjective feeling. Toxic masculinity is to be deplored for licensing violence and sexual predation, but transwomen should be welcomed into women’s refuges. If testosterone has no effect on the brain, then why should it affect athletic ability?
My argument, in short, is that since the 1970s feminists have been sawing off the branch on which they perched. By denying biological differences they inadvertently eroded the distinction between male and female, which now licenses a social movement that undermines the interests of women and girls. Radical feminists were relatively immune because they had a much greater appreciation of sexual differences. There are indeed similarities between radical feminism and evolutionary psychology. Both view heterosexual relationships as inherently conflictual, for example, due to divergent sexual preferences and men’s ability to exercise violence.
One objection to my account is that some transgender advocates have attempted to ground subjective gender identity on a biological foundation. There is some evidence that an individual’s proclivity towards masculinity or femininity has a biological basis. (The evidence that sexual orientation has a biological basis is well-established.) Prenatal exposure to androgens, for example, helps predict gendered behavior in adulthood. But this does not prove the possibility of a male having a female brain or vice versa. Consider height as an analogy. On average, men are taller than women, and this fact is primarily biological. (In poor societies the disparity will be increased if sons are favoured over daughters, because the latter will receive less nutrition and medical care.) Notwithstanding this overall difference, some individual women are taller than the average man, and their exceptional height also has some genetic basis. It would be absurd, however, to treat such a woman as having a man’s height trapped in a woman’s body. Recognizing the overlap of the physical and mental corollaries of sex does not obviate the binary distinction. It is telling that transgender activists have never proposed any objective physical test for gender identity: their reference to biology is, at this point, purely rhetorical.
If my argument is correct, then feminists need to rethink their premise that all observed differences in behaviour between women and men are due to socialization—that humans are blank slates. Biological differences provide a solid foundation for sex segregation—they justify the exclusion of males (however they identify) from women’s refuges and prisons, and from toilets and changing areas, just as they justify the separation of sports. (Those born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that makes it difficult to classify them as male or female would still pose a challenge, but intersex people only make up ~0.02 percent of the population.)
If my argument is wrong, then radical and gender-critical feminists will need to provide an alternative explanation for why the feminist establishment was so vulnerable to the seductions of transgenderism—why this “men’s rights movement” has ended up being aggressively promoted by women.
Michael Biggs is an associate professor of sociology at the University of Oxford.
1. Transgenderism Has Utterly Fucked Society Over: Women Hardest Hit
2. “women are socialized to be kind to men, and therefore they prioritize ostensibly vulnerable males—transwomen—over their own needs.”
Nowhere in society have i seen evidence of this. I’ve seen women being kind to women significantly more often than i have seen them being kind to men, and even then it is rarely done over the woman’s “own needs.”
3. There are many interesting and potentially valid points here, but it’s all undercut by the mistaken belief that transgender isn’t biological. The belief that sex and gender are strictly binary does not comport with the current science. Dr. Harriet Hall has written a helpful primer here. Allison Hall (no relation) also did a helpful episode on Skeptoid.
Nature is messy and complicated. It will not fit into any neat, ideological boxes. What transgender people need is simply respect, kindness, and the acknowledgement that it’s not a choice. Which is no more and no less than any human deserves.
4. I find it interesting how feminists who believe in biological differences only point out the ways in which they think men suck (violence and rape) and physical differences.
What about achievement in mathematics and physics? What about leadership qualities? When posed with these questions, all of a sudden the “gender critical feminists” fling themselves back into “gender is a social construct” or “you are a misogynist and those observations are due to patriarchal oppression”.
Perhaps there are biological differences that don’t make men morally inferior trolls and biological differences that don’t make women, in general, intellectual equals in every field.
5. @jerjapan - Good points overall. But “a handful of trans women competing in female professional sports” seems limiting by “professional” and the fact that trans women are a fairly new thing for society. Women’s sports itself is a fairly new notion and barely exists in many countries.
Is there any way to determine a “real” trans woman vs. one “just saying they are”? If it’s fluid, can I choose my gender by the moment, say, when it’s to my advantage?
Intersex is rare enough in mammalian nature, but that’s very different than trans gender where the sex is demonstrable and genetic.
And why is trans gender accepted, but trans racial/ethnicity mocked? Ethnicity/culture is clearly a social system, yet it’s derided if trans racial people make similar claims.
6. If there were no law established, this would be much easier to just accept as human differences, like all other preferences including sexuality and choice of dress. Liberty, freedom of association and equal protection all suggest you can be who you want to be as long as you aren’t harming others.
But neo-liberty laws make it a crime for you to maintain your own preferences with respect to such different thinking people. You lose your liberty, free thought and your freedom of association when coerced to accept alternative lifestyles as equally valid. The law often givens a preference/advantage to so-called disadvantaged groups.
Why should we accept the claim that trans women are women, rather than they are men who prefer to dress/act/socialize as women, or even that they are trans women so as to use their preferred language? Will age be what you feel it is (60 is the new 40!)? Obesity is well-document in the sciences, so should it be a protected class with special programs and laws for them? Some weight dysphoria has extremely thin people believing they are too fat.
Will there be a Title IX in the future for trans male and trans female sports? Will other dysphorias become legally protected against personal bias?
I am all for live and let live. But society uses law to coerce behavior and to coerce acceptance of ideas that others may reject.
7. What’s fascinating is that no one ever talks about trans men. They are - like women used to be - invisible. Male-to-female has utterly coopted the movement, as though it were a synonym with trans.
I just came back from visiting a dear friend who is female-to-male trans. He is much happier now and I’m glad. He is also quite private and simply want to live his life. Many female-to-male trans are like this, in my opinion. It’s the male-to-female trans that are the radicals—and a very small percentage of them at that. What I mean is, the majority of male-to-female also simply want to live their lives.
The hysteria-fed bullying and radical ideology stems entirely from a very very very small portion of humanity; trans itself is small, male-to-female smaller, radical Tweeting raging male-to-female who want your head if they are called by the wrong gender, even smaller still.
This leads me to two main points:
1. Why are we all ignoring the male component here? Surely it’s not an accident that it’s the biological males - not biological females, in general - who are the ones who are very, very aggressively demanding treatment as women and threatening wreck and ruin if they don’t get their way. I don’t mean to be sexist here, but biology shows that men are more aggressive, for starters; furthermore, these particular biological men have gender dysphoria and a host of other related issues, and it stands to reason that some of them will turn their desire to be women onto frustration they cannot be unto hatred of women.
2. Why do they have so much power? They are not only a very tiny portion of our population, the radical ones are cruel, mean, irrational, and often coexist with other mental health issues. It goes without saying that all humans need to be treated with dignity, and should be treated with kindness and compassion. But that is not what they’re saying, nor should that be legislated, much less at the extraordinarily punitive way it is being legislative (one shouldn’t go to jail in the Uk, or lose a career in the US, because one isn’t kind in a single Tweet).
How did we get to a point where doctors are giving minors experimental powerful drugs with zero scientific evidence it will help and an extreme danger it will do more harm? How did we get to a point where a man says 3 year old boys shouldn’t be able to decide their gender, and it’s off with his head unless he does a Maoist apology? (And note btw that it’s, again, boy-to-girl trans, apparently the only kind that matters.)
Obviously this movement isn’t rational, so rational arguments won’t work. But my bigger question is the source of their power. Why is everyone rolling over dead, and worse, sacrificing their children’s health and life, in the face of a tiny handful of bullies?
8. If society denies biological differences and does not rigidly enforce gender roles, then the way is cleared for transgenderism
The obvious problem with this argument is that transgenderism in many respects represents a loud reassertion of traditional gender roles. In fact gender roles are so important to the trans cause that they replace biological sex as the defining male/female characteristic.
It’s the trans lobby who insist that a child who likes pink and plays with dolls is a “girl”, even if he’s a boy. Claiming that one’s sex is “just a feeling” that can be demonstrated by conforming to traditional gender expectations, certainly denies biological differences but reinforces gender stereotypes.
And societies which still “rigidly enforce gender roles” tend to be quite accepting of transgenderism. In many Muslim countries homosexuality is severely suppressed but transgenderism is increasingly accepted, as it doesn’t threaten the traditional gender expectations.
On the other hand, it’s true that the radical feminist critique of trans ideology also harbours a central contradiction. While arguing persuasively that many transwomen are “autogynephilic males” with a “typically male” sexuality and aggressive tendencies, it doesn’t make sense to continue to argue that there are no psychological differences between males and females that are physically determined.
9. I live in Downtown Manhattan and have many friends who are Gay and lesbian (and they know I’m a Trump supporter too. In fact the only person who dropped me as a friend for supporting Trump was a straight white female.go figure)
At any rate, all of my gay & lesbian friends believe the stupidest thing the Gay community ever did was allow the addition of the “T” to LGBQ and make it “LGBTQ” . And they say that, for the simple fact that even though they are Gay or Lesbian, they were never in doubt over their gender. Yes, they knew early on their sexual preference for the same sex made them different from those whose preference was for the opposite sex, but every gay man I know said they always knew they were a man, and every Lesbian, knew they were a woman.
And in all the conversations I’ve had on the topic - whether with gay or straight - It centers around the obvious destruction of women’s sports and how ludicrous it is for a biological male identifying as female to be able to compete as a a women, in women’s sports.
And frankly, it’s such a rational view, that the demonization by Academics and the political and Media elite of anyone who holds the irrational opposite of it, is one of the best examples of the totalitarian fascism they use to silence all dissent. It will not end well, for women, or for enlightened Western culture overall.
For example, I think it’s safe to say the demonization and ostracization of Martina Navratilova (a leading voice for gay rights for decades) for taking a strong stand against biological males competing in womens sports is the “canary in the coal mine” heralding the coming dark ages of intolerance and censorship of rational thought
10. @jerjapan
I sense your first bullet point is slippery, because feminists who don’t agree, or who disagree in a way that challenges challenges transgender dogma, are attacked and deplatformed. In such an environment of enforcement and punishment, who knows what many feminists believe? Transgenderism is blocking the freedom of opinion and thought of feminists, which we have seen many times here on Quillette, which is creating real cracks in feminism.
As to your point on Mermaids, these are children we are talking about. How do we know these children really have gender dysphoria, and are not simply confused (as most teens or preteens are) and not influenced by social media and social pressure? Is selling LSD to minors who have self-identified as wanting LSD doing something to them, or simply supporting their desires to expand their minds and consciousness? Does Mermaids attack anybody who gets in their way? Having a wrong viewpoint on this can destroy someone’s career.
11. *If I understand the logic correctly, he thinks that feminists are responsible for insisting that gender is 100% a social construct, which gave momentum to the trans rights movement, which has lead to predatorial trans women assaulting women born female in prisons and other spaces, and trans women athletes dominating women born female in sports.
So many false premises underly this argument that it is exhausing, but in short:
•Plenty of feminists believe that their are biological differences between the male and female brain
•Very, very few examples of trans women assaulting anyone in ‘female’ spaces exist, but far more evidence exists to demonstrate the danger of trans women being forced to use a bathroom that conflicts with their gender identity
•His points about people living in terror of misgendering others is wildly hyperbolic. It is not ‘blasphemy’ in progressive circles - which of course include the gender critical feminists who he claims to side with. Yes, the odd academic or progressive suggests terminology like ‘menstruators’ with the goal of being inclusive. Many of us on the left also find fault with these rare, highly specific examples. This is by no means as monolothic as Biggs implies - he is employing a classic straw man fallacy.
•“Mermaids, which advocates for the transgendering of children”. The gerund here implies that Mermaids is doing this TO children, when in fact they are a support group for children who have already self-identified as gender dysphoric
•‘transgenderism’ can’t be a men’s rights movement as it’s not even a word, according to Merriam
-Webster. It’s a concept that Biggs hopes to use as a bugbear.
•There are a handful of trans women competing in female professional sports who may have an advantage. To my knowledge, in order to do this, they need to be taking estrogen, which diminishes some of the biological advantages. I am only aware of one contentious example- weightlifter Laurel Hubbard. This is a problem, and it needs discussing in order to find a resolution. But it’s a pretty obscure issue
•lastly, Biggs has an extensive history of using a pseudonymous twitter account to insult and demean trans people. As an academic, he has every right to express disagreement with orthodoxy. The fact that he resorted to hiding behind a false name indicates that he was aware that his language with insulting and demeaning.
The idea of gender being a pure social construct originated in radical feminism. That’s not in dispute. So yes, it originated in feminism by feminists- that doesn’t mean that there aren’t feminists who don’t subscribe to it, but the author is correct in that it is a child of feminism. Your first bullet point is a hidden version of the “No true Scotsman” fallacy.
Your second point is also uncited, there are clear examples of predatory trans women but I have yet to see data on more than some nebulously undefined “fear” by transwomen in using a male space. In short, this needs citation.
People have lost their jobs, homes, and livelihoods for misgendering. You are either being literalist with your retort on blasphemy, arguning in bad faith (knowingly reverting to a definition fight for a colloquial usage), or missing the point. Posted less than a week ago on this very site is the case of a trans individual, Yaniv, using Canadian laws as a shakedown of professional bikini waxers- his/her claim is essentially “misgendering”. That is what is being referenced.
The Mermaids group has an agenda. Too many children and teens revert or stop transitioning. Children are, frankly, too young to understand their own gender- their existence is problematic as a result. A support group for parents would be more appropriate.
Again with the definition fight. Neologisms- in fact, the nature of any language constructed of prefixes, suffixes, and roots- allows the usage of terms and words that aren’t overtly recognized but are meaningful and clearly understood by speakers. Correctly identifying a gerund indicates you know this.
Regarding sports, you are not well-informed on sports science. Diminished biologic advantage does not eliminate the permanent physiological changes occurring in native males in terms of changes to muscular and skeletal structure. There are a number of articles by sports scientists on this topic. Two transgender MTF girls won- and set records- in HS track in Connecticut last year. This gives them scholarship opportunities that were intended to promote girls entering sports. The IOCC guidelines set the testosterone bar allowed far higher than most women’s testosterone as well, and only require a 1 year period at this lowered testosterone level, something that is highly criticized by experts as insufficient, all else being equal (which as noted previously, it isn’t), to remove the additional muscle mass accumulated before testosterone levels dropped. There’s also a number of cases of cyclists. In the case of Laurel Hubbard, Hubbard was already a world-ranked but not gold medal standard men’s lifter, as I understand it- Hubbard’s transition was literally to an easier division.
The last point is attacking Bigg’s credibility, instead of addressing his argument. You need to reference your third bullet to understand why he would be leery of expressing opinions against the orthodoxy.
12. Well, there is an additional issue here that transgender people rarely discuss.
Post-pubescent female to male are frequently “passing”- ie, they frequently appear at worst as physically smaller men with fine features. It’s within the typical male morphological range, if towards an edge.
Post-pubescent male to females frequently have a “masculine” jaw (widens in puberty), too-broad shoulders, too-narrow hips, and run a significant risk of being too tall- as in, male physiological changes in males during puberty are sufficiently disruptive that passing becomes a dream.
So you have several camps. You have the angry ones that blame society for being 6’4", 250 lbs, and looking like a man in a dress no matter how many surgeries they get. My experience is that it is these individuals who are litigious and aggressive about being accepted, because in person the idea of them being accepted cannot fly; it’s like forcing society to accept the delusion that they are delicate and dainty. (We all are stuck with the hand we were dealt, at 5’7" with a 44" chest I was never going to be a NBA power center, playing football in HS was on the table if I wanted it, though). You have the misguided compassionate who want boys to transition pre-puberty to prevent development of masculine secondary sex characteristics, even at the risk of physically harming (heart damage, etc.), those who were merely going through a phase, they are seen apparently as acceptable losses. You have predators ( a minority, but capable of horrifying and out-sized damage) who now have an excuse for access.
Lookup the photo of those Connecticut runners, or recent cycling competition photos, and play “spot the transwoman!” That’s an issue activists don’t want to actively acknowledge is a driver, due to affirming them as “real women,” and those who aren’t personally acquainted are unfamiliar with.
13. For those who argue that trans women athletes don’t harm women’s sports, you should consider the following problems. A tiny proportion of the population is negatively impacting 50%. This has a real effect on women’s chances to fairly compete for careers in sports. Competitive sports have a proven benefit on academic performance, with the discipline required for physical training cross-pollinating into study- student athletes score 0.25 higher on GPA’s relative to the general population. Physical fitness is the only known mechanism to boost intelligence and cognitive function- healthy body, healthy brain.
By denying women the achievable goal of gaining scholarships, high-powered careers in sports and professional careers in sport and leisure management (if they don’t win medals), activists are harming women’s fitness, academic attainment and intelligence, for what is a relatively minor ideological issue when compared to the general goal of equality under the law, for trans people. The fastest woman in the world has 2,500 men who are faster than her- and this is true for most, but not all, sports. But, in a real sense, the withdrawal of the chance to experience the friendly, but fierce, competition that is such an important preparation for life in the real world, for every successful society in the history of the world, trans activism will ultimately disadvantage women in relation to men.
Collaboration, or being a good team player, is great for subordinates or employees- but if you want to be a leader, a senior manager, a decision-maker of any kind, or an entrepreneur- then competition is king. The negative impact the loss of this highly-adapted social preparation for life will have on women’s careers cannot be understated. And unlike the esteem-based nonsense that has been taught in schools for years- sport’s benefits are only evidenced where hard work and commitment has a chance of paying off, in the form of winning, just like life.
14. How about a broader picture, transgenderism hijacking the very domain of human rights (for the record, I don’t see anything wrong with men’s rights)? For those with mental health issues such as gender dysphoria there are already protections in place related to disability. To make “trans” a special group, an innate characteristic such as “gender identity” had to be fabricated. But maybe some delusional mental patients were just born with a “Napoleon identity”, who knows…
On the contrary, those with power and influence are expected to support human rights and civil movements of the day, including what’s marketed as “the most marginalized identity”, or they might lose their power.
The driving force of transgenderism isn’t feminism that says that gender is a social construct, it seems to be business interests and powerful narcissistic men with autogynephilia. Narcissists tend to present themselves as victims, demand compassion from the others and use shaming as a tool. In this dynamics, feminists, politicians and academia supporting them would be the “flying monkeys”.
15. It’s obvious from your frame of reference, I’ve read a half-dozen news stories of transgender activists who were caught with child pornography in the last year- again, Yaniv. I have never yet seen evidence of transwomen being assaulted in locker rooms or over using their birth-gender bathroom. I see many claims of “fear” and “threats”, but quillette itself was accused of that by the knitting site Ravelry recently- and no such comments existed.
Physical intervention- hormone treatment- can do permanent physical harm. Fertility rates can be affected, heart damage can occur- as I recall, this is from giving girls testosterone, but I might have that flipped- this is not some “no harm, no foul” process. They now provide puberty blockers, but I’ve not seen studies on longterm effects (Truth, they’d have to be twin studies). It’s not popular to discuss. And saying a child can just “transition back”- that might return their gender, but will not restore the person they would have been had no intervention taken place.
I did not generalize about a significant portion of the population, I did make statements regarding items in the zeitgeist, and about a small (and therefore statistically not significant) portion of the population.
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2. Deserialize the serialized record (real) using the lookup value
3. Delete the users record
Now my question: How can a trigger cancel inserting the original record and instead insert and redirect to another?
• Is the deserialized record of the same sObject type as the one being saved initially? – Mark Pond Jun 10 '15 at 0:06
• It is a tree strucure where the Root is a Record of Same Type – Robert Sösemann Jun 10 '15 at 6:25
• 2
Can't be done in a trigger. I think you're going to have to use VF somewhere. – Adrian Larson Jun 10 '15 at 14:28
• @AdrianLarson Any reference where this is documented? – Robert Sösemann Jun 10 '15 at 14:35
• @AdrianLarson just add that as answer and I can credit you some points ;-) – Robert Sösemann Jun 12 '15 at 15:13
Records cannot be removed from a trigger context collection, as it is immutable.
You are going to need to implement a VisualForce workaround to get the functonality you desire. You will then want to use this Page to override the New action on your object.
Your Answer
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19842 | Conjunctivitis in dogs
A dog’s eyesight is not as developed as human’s eyesight. Unlike humans, dogs can barely make a distinction between different colors. However because of the way dog’s eyes are situated, they can have a very wide field of vision. Although the other sensitive senses enable dogs to be excellent hunters and guards, the assistance of the eyes in the performance of these duties cannot be discounted. Dogs have the ability to detect movements behind them. Because of a special membrane in the eyes, dogs can see better in the dark as well. Loyal, affectionate, protective… these are only some of the qualities that make dogs human’s wonderful companions. It is therefore the duty of every dog owner to keep the pet away from diseases that can adversely affect their quality of life.
Conjunctivitis is one of the common canine eye infections. The conjunctiva, the transparent mucus membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye lubricates the eyes with the mucus and the tears it produces. However, because of the various irritants the eye is exposed to, the conjunctiva gets inflamed. This eye infection is called conjunctivitis or pink eye as the inflammation of the sclera or the white portion of the eye causes severe redness. The most common cause for canine conjunctivitis is bacterial and viral infections. We know how energetic dogs are so that foreign objects can get into the eyes. Dirt, an insect, a grain of sand that can get lodged in the eyes would cause immense discomfort. These eye irritants can cause the inflammation of the eyes. The inflammation of the conjunctiva can be due to an allergy or to an eye injury.
Conjunctivitis is not really life threatening. Nevertheless, the afflicted dog must be given the necessary treatment as the infection can spread to the other structures of the eyes and impair the dog’s vision permanently. Apart from the fact that conjunctivitis can be transmitted to other pets, the dog’s condition must be given prompt attention as conjunctivitis can be a symptom of the life threatening canine distemper. But before treatment can be administered, an owner has to be certain that conjunctivitis is what makes the dog uncomfortable. As dogs cannot verbalize what makes them uncomfortable, it would be up to the owner to know the symptoms so that appropriate treatment can be administered. The dog will continually squint to keep the eyeball covered by the eyelid. The increased size of the blood vessels in the eye tissues as well as the fluid buildup would give the conjunctiva a red and meaty appearance. Conjunctivitis will make the eyes swell and weep but the discharge will determine the cause of the infection. Bacterial and fungal infection will have a thick yellowish or greenish discharge so that after sleeping, the dog would find it difficult to open the eyes as the eyelashes and the eyelids would stick together. This discharge is actually pus or white blood cells that are excreted by the dog’s system into the eyes to ward off further infection. Conjunctivitis caused by allergies would create clear watery discharge. Conjunctivitis is extremely itchy so that the dog will be seen rubbing the eyes with the paw or rubbing the eyes against objects.
Treatment for this eye infection will depend on the cause thus the condition of the eyes should be carefully assessed. Lukewarm water can be used to irrigate the eyes to remove any foreign object. Eye medications will be necessary if conjunctivitis is caused by infection. The vet would prescribe eye drops or ointments that will give the pet quick relief. Oral antibiotics can be administered if the dog’s conjunctivitis is severe. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19860 | Short-Eared Elephant Shrew Does Nothing
Sure you could watch your cat sleeping or your TV while it was turned off, but we here at Zooillogix prefer to stare blankly at this shrew not moving for 1:16 minutes.
Thank you Philadelphia Zoo.
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New giftuses from Zooillogix readers and friends and, I must say, they are freakin outstanding. First and foremost, a long long overdue thank you to Liz of Surplus Cats who sent a Pittsburgh Zoo shot glass so long ago Ben hadn't even had his "operation" yet. It's an instant classic if I do say so…
New research is ROCKING the notoriously arrogant carnivorous plant scientific community: It appears that the largest carnivorous plant, the giant pitcher plant of Borneo (or the Nepenthes rajah for those in the know), has not evolved into its immense size in order to capture and eat small rodents,…
A pilot program has been launched in England to take blood samples from animals in zoos not with plastic syringes but with live, bloodsucking insects known as a kissing bugs. You may feel a slight pinch... As many of our zoo keeper readers can tell you, taking blood samples from animals in zoos…
I was half expecting it to actually do something.
Staring Contest O_O
Now there's real meditation for you. Peace, man! Nirvana is just round the corner.
I kept expecting it to zoom in on its eyes and a caption to come up saying "Eyes Of A Killer!"
By frozenbunnysteak (not verified) on 10 Sep 2009 #permalink
It didn't do "nothing," it wiggled its nose, right in the beginning.
It wiggled its nose. And it adjusted itself. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19873 | Skip to main content
Analytics for characterising and measuring the naturalness of online personae
Currently 40 % of the world’s population, around 3 billion users, are online using cyberspace for everything from work to pleasure. While there are numerous benefits accompanying this medium, the Internet is not without its perils. In this case study article, we focus specifically on the challenge of fake (or unnatural) online identities, such as those used to defraud people and organisations, with the aim of exploring an approach to detect them.
Case description
In particular, through our method and case study we outline and experiment with novel analytics for characterising and measuring the naturalness of an online persona or identity; this naturalness is defined as the extent to which that persona has features similar to those expected for comparable personae online. Our case scenario involves a participant set of two types of individuals, and our aim at this stage is to use our approach to correctly characterise, and then distinguish between, these two types.
Discussion and evaluation
To briefly précis our case study results, we found that our method to conceptualise an individual’s complete online presence was very successful. This was undoubtedly linked to its detailed consideration of how cyberspace is typically used, while also building on our existing model of identity which has been used to aid law enforcement in identification tasks. In terms of developing effective analytics for naturalness however, improvements in our approach (e.g., features selected and nuanced metrics) are required. Moreover, the study would benefit from a larger sample size to better identify common aspects between natural personae.
Overall, the case study allowed us to explore a novel technique to characterise naturalness and to examine its utility at detecting unnatural personae. Our goal now is to build on the study’s findings in several key ways. Specifically, we aim to conduct further assessments on the criteria through which naturalness is defined, and refine our analytics and combinatorics to measure a persona’s naturalness. We will also explore clustering approaches based on complete online personae, as a means to complement our identification of naturally occurring personae types in large datasets.
Introduction and related work
Today more than ever, people across the world are exploiting the Internet for work and pleasure, and are utilising an increasing variety of devices and services to do so [1]. Exploitation of cyberspace results in both conscious information-sharing and publication (of both personal and corporate variety) and, inevitably, the creation of persistent data that many users may be unaware of (perhaps as metadata or as old data thought to be removed or put out of reach). While there are undoubtedly many benefits to our interaction in cyberspace, the quantity of threats, risks and general peril are constantly growing [2], with data breaches, hacks and identity-fraud almost commonplace.
In this case study-based article, we concentrate on the problem of fake online identities, and their increasing use to manipulate, deceive and defraud people and organisations [35]. Reflecting on the literature, there has been considerable work in the space of detecting fake accounts and bots. Cao et al., for instance, propose a technique using social-graph properties to rank users on a site according to their likelihood of being fake [6]. They later extend this consideration to explore the use of clustering in identifying groups of malicious accounts (under the assumption that they have very similar properties and actions, e.g., posting and uploading behaviour) [7].
In Viswanath et al. [8], an unsupervised machine-learning approach for detecting anomalous user behaviour in social networks is introduced. Through experimentation on Facebook profiles, the authors demonstrate the use of their clustering technique (based mainly on ‘like’ rates and activities) in identifying fake and compromised user accounts. In the spam and bot-detection domain, Fong et al. [9] and many others (e.g., [10, 11]) also attempt to tackle the problem of fake profiles, typically using a mixture of techniques, which often apply a priori knowledge (e.g., bots ephemeral nature or posting habits) to detect fake accounts. We have also engaged in research in this domain by using machine learning to explore which factors may be the most important in making automated text (produced by bots) convincing [12].
The novelty of our work as compared to the existing literature is the in-depth analysis of a complete online persona; this includes all of its facets and how it is used across multiple sites. We posit that through a detailed characterisation of how real personae portray themselves and act online, an approach can be crafted to detect fake or anomalous identities, particularly, those somewhat carefully maintained and used for malevolent purposes. As a basis for this approach, we draw on a comprehensive model of identity developed in our previous research [13, 14]. This allows us to characterise identities, from the attributes present and the inferences that can be made from them (e.g., inferring a person’s name from their email-address), to the overall existence of an identity across several sites. The ability to comprehensively model an identity can be an extremely effective tool in understanding what is natural behaviour online, and consequently, what may be an unnatural and potentially harmful persona.
In what follows, we present our approach and the case study used to examine it, before then critically reflecting on our findings regarding the approach’s utility. Specifically, we first consider naturalness as a concept, what it means for a persona to be natural and how naturalness may be usefully characterised. Next we detail the analytics (i.e., intervention) that we propose for measuring the naturalness of an unknown online persona. We then present the results from a case study experiment conducted to explore our approach. Finally, we reflect on these results and outline ways to evolve the analytics, before concluding the article.
Approach and case study
We begin our work in this section by introducing the proposed approach to characterise and measure naturalness. This is then followed by a definition of our case study and presentation of results.
Defining and characterising naturalness
Online identities and naturalness
To properly consider an online identity, there are several important concepts that first need to be understood. One of the most central of these is that of a persona. We define a persona as the way in which an individual (consciously or unconsciously) presents themself online. A key defining characteristic of a persona is that it presents a largely consistent view of an individual. The way that individual actually portrays or manifests their persona online is through what we refer to as a profile. Profiles are typically local to a website (e.g., Facebook, eBay) and represent user accounts held by or about the individual. Profiles maintain sets of identity attributes (e.g., name, username, photos, details), hereafter elements, about a persona; and we also consider inferences that define techniques by which new elements can be derived from existing ones (e.g., based on language-analysis tools, one can assess a Facebook post and infer a person’s mood or sentiment).
Another concept crucial to our discussion is that of contexts. The term context is used to represent a particular type of online space, for instance a work-related space or a space focused on socialising. Contexts are intended to provide a very broad way to characterise a set of related elements, and could also be used to conceptually describe or group such elements within a profile. At a finer granularity to contexts are topics or topic areas—these function in the same way as contexts but are more fine-grained in the related identity elements they group together. For instance, one might have a work context, and within that context have topics about projects engaged in at work or events with work colleagues; these topics would then bring together related model elements such as project descriptions and collaborators, and event location, time and attendees. Similar topics might also exist under multiple contexts.
Using the concepts above and drawing on our existing identity model [13, 14], the naturalness of a specific persona is defined as the extent to which that persona has features similar to those expected or standard for comparable personae online; here, expected or standard features refers to the range of profiles, contexts and model elements that are present, and inferences that are achievable, in the majority of similar personae.
To take an example, assume that we have assessed a set of related personae and from the data gathered, we have inferred what is natural for personae of this kind. Now, further assume that this naturalness is characterised by an online presence in a university web page and a LinkedIn profile; both with data on the research projects the individual is involved in, articles published, and teaching responsibilities. Therefore, if we identify a persona claiming to be of this kind (e.g., via a specific LinkedIn profile) that is not similar to our characterisation of normal above (whether it be in presence or absence of topics, availability of elements, or ability to conduct inferences), then we may assign this persona a low naturalness score; the general idea being that the lower a naturalness score, the more likely that the online presence under investigation might be fabricated.
To consider naturalness thoroughly, it is necessary to be aware of the range of profiles, contexts and topic areas in which data on a persona may be found online. In order to discover these aspects, we have engaged in an in-depth study of online identity data, while also reflecting on our existing research [13, 14]. Figure 1 presents the conceptualisation of an individual’s online presence resulting from our analysis.
Fig. 1
A conceptualisation of an online presence relating personae to profiles, contexts, topics and model elements and inferences
In detail, an individual can represent themself through online personae, which, in turn, are manifest through a wide range of profiles. These profiles can link together identity elements on practically any subject and for any purpose; the figure presents a small subset of arguably the most popular of these profiles. As a way of describing profiles and the data held within them, we hypothesise that there are at least five high-level contexts to which profiles could be associated.
These contexts are: the social context—identity information generated from the use of the Internet as a social medium (e.g., persona Facebook profiles, personal life blogs, gaming); work context—identity information as a result of Internet usage for official work and employment purposes (e.g., LinkedIn profiles or a company’s employee page); state context—this covers identity data on a country’s citizens typically provided by a government as a result of online initiatives (e.g., Electoral rolls, Civil registries); customer context—identity information that arises due to the use of the Internet for purchasing and providing reviews on goods and services (e.g., Amazon or eBay profiles); and community citizen context—identity information pertaining to the use of the Internet for participating in a support community (e.g., neighbourhood watch, volunteering). Although we present contexts under profiles, they also can be presented above, or indeed as a profile annotation. A profile can be associated with multiple contexts or one context can describe data in multiple profiles.
Under the contexts layer in the diagram, there is the notion of topics (or, topic areas). The ‘Interests’ topic for instance, aims to capture behaviour in a profile that pertains to an individual’s interests, likes, dislikes, etc. If we apply this to a Facebook Profile, this topic would encompass identity elements such as Likes, Movies, Music and Books, and identity-model inferences covering what could be derived from those elements; for instance, interests in specific books might lead to insight into an individual’s expertise or family life. This highlights one of the advantages of the proposed conceptualisation: a profile can contain any of the listed contexts and topics, while topics can draw on, and be constituted by, a variety of elements and inferences at the lowest model layer. In Fig. 2, we provide an example of the detailed mapping of the elements and inferences from our identity model, to the related topic areas.
Fig. 2
Low-level data mapping An excerpt of the mapping of identity model elements and inferences to topic areas
Using the conceptualisation for naturalness
There are two ways in which we could look to apply the conceptualisation embodied in Fig. 1 to characterise naturalness. The first method is to adopt a top-down or static perspective to analysis, and thus to be guided largely by the existing structure in that diagram in the search for and classification of an identified individual’s data. Figure 3 depicts an example of how the conceptualisation can model the online presence of an individual.
Fig. 3
Applying the conceptualisation An example of how we might capture and model data about an individual. These personae portray the individual as an academic (Robert Smith, 26, Oxford) and as someone engaged in online commerce (jungledroid, 36, Oxford). The personae are manifested through several online profiles on sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, eBay, and a Civil registry
To define naturalness for a set of individuals or personae of a specified type therefore, this approach would be guided mainly by what personae, profiles, contexts, topics and elements tend to be available, and the inferences that are usually possible. Therefore we are interested in questions such as: whether certain profiles (e.g., Facebook, Twitter or are commonly available, whether existing profiles are typically used for particular reasons (i.e., fit certain contexts or topics), and ultimately, whether there are any elements that are usually shared by the individuals or inferences from one element to another that can be expected. These will be the crucial factors in understanding and characterising naturalness especially in the context of our identity model.
The second method of analysis is to apply a bottom-up and more dynamic perspective to the problem. The aim here is to start at the bottom of the layout with the data elements of a supposed individual, and then to group these elements by how they are related, and continue to build upwards. The first step, therefore, would be to use the data elements (from the person’s profiles) to construct actual topics present for that specific individual. Once the topics have been identified, we would then move to group related topics into high-level contexts– these contexts would provide general insight into how the profile is actually being used by the individual. To move upwards from profiles to personae (i.e., to determine whether profiles belong to one persona or many personae), this approach proposes to rely on a set of core elements of a profile and group profiles into the same persona if these elements are jointly similar. These core elements could include: name, age, location and email-address. At this point, this technique has been validated on a small dataset with five individuals.
Similar to the top-down approach, naturalness in this more dynamic approach would be characterised by considering what elements, inferences, topics, contexts and profiles tend to arise (and how or when they tend to arise) across a set of individuals and their personae. The advantage with this approach is that it allows for the discovery of new topics, contexts and profiles not previously thought of.
Analytics for measuring the naturalness of a persona
Our approach to measuring a persona’s naturalness is composed of two main steps, characterisation and assessment of naturalness. These are detailed below.
Research and characterise what constitutes naturalness for a set of individuals and their personae
This task involves several smaller naturalness-characterisation activities:
Step 1 Identify a set of individuals and collect the identity information available on each of them in the online space. Practically, this would start at the profile level, and would therefore involve noting the profiles maintained by the individuals. In terms of obtaining the most value from this characterisation task, it is useful to choose individuals of a particular type (or sets of types) where there may be some plausible commonality in their online presence and personae. In addition, this choice may be guided by the types of (potentially) fake persona that may be investigated later in the assessment.
Step 2 For each individual, apply the conceptualisation from the previous section (in Fig. 1) to create models of their online presence. This task could use either the top-down or bottom-up approach, but will need to be consistent across the individuals. The structures resulting from this analysis would identify the profiles, contexts, topic areas and elements present, along with the inferences possible, for each of the individuals’ personae; the mapping in Fig. 2 would be useful here, especially in the top-down analysis. This step will also note the values of certain elements, such as posts and images, in addition to summary values such as number of friends, favourited items and posts per day; these will be used in later characterisation tasks. As an output from this step, we would expect several layouts similar to that in Fig. 3.
Step 3 Analyse the set of structures emerging from individuals’ data to determine whether there are certain aspects that commonly or naturally arise in the structures; these would then be documented. Key questions would be: are certain profiles, contexts or elements mostly present, or never present? Also, can certain inferences commonly be performed, or are they largely impossible? The identification of inferences expected to be possible is a crucial step, as we expect that unlike many of the other steps above, great variance (at least, across similar individuals) is unlikely. Another important task here is assess the data elements available on individuals to determine whether it is possible to define any normally occurring values for the elements themselves. Again, this would look to use what happens in the majority of cases. To take Twitter as an example, this task would look to identify whether or not it is natural for individuals to select an image of themselves, or others for their avatar. We suspect that there are a few control factors that may need to be taken into account during this step’s analyses. For instance, the age of an individual might have notable influence on how their personae manifest across the spaces mentioned.
Step 4 Summarise the findings of the earlier steps (2–3) and create a template of naturalness for that set of individuals and their personae. This could adopt a layout similar to that in Fig. 3 but instead, the presence of elements, topics, contexts and profiles, would be dictated by whether they could be expected to be present. As with several of the steps above, this characterisation of natural will be based on what occurs within a majority of the individuals, but not necessarily all of them. With this in mind, we might need to be slightly flexible in our definition of (or tolerance for identifying) naturalness, especially in situations where we were unable to find a clear majority behaviour.
Assess the naturalness of the persona that is under investigation
In detail:
Step 1 Compare and contrast the persona of interest against the naturalness template of personae previously characterised. This step assesses the extent to which the new persona’s online presence (structured as in Fig. 3) is similar to the expected presence of comparable personae. A crucial factor here is that the persona to be assessed is largely of the same type as the personae earlier used to characterise naturalness. This would ensure that the measurement approach distinguishes unnatural personae and not just ones that are of a different type. We propose to assess the naturalness of a new persona based on a measure of overlap in expected profiles, contexts, model elements that are present (or absent as the case may be) and inferences that are not enabled. To conduct this measurement, we have explored several approaches, of which two are outlined below.
The first approach favours simplicity and directly compares the defined conceptualisation of the new persona to a natural persona template. This comparison is conducted on a per item basis with each element, context, profile, and inference being compared. If the two items agree, we assign 1, otherwise 0 is assigned. For instance, if it is natural for individuals to state their school history on LinkedIn, as well as posting an image of themselves as their avatar, yet the persona under investigation only does one of these, they would receive [0, 1]. These values are then averaged across the full set of items to get the persona’s percentage similarity to the naturalness template. If that average is less than some predefined naturalness threshold (which could be adapted based on the sensitivity of the assessment), then the persona would be deemed unnatural.
The second approach to measuring naturalness is to factor in the percentage of agreement with the naturalness template. This would consider the fact that although the template represents the majority value, it could well be ignoring some level of disagreement that is important in subsequent measurement tasks. The approach is as follows. Firstly, define the structure for the new persona similarly to Fig. 3. Next, compare each item in the persona with the respective item in the naturalness template. A penalty, or disagreement to the template, is then calculated. In cases were there is agreement, assign 0 thus no penalty, otherwise, a penalty between 0 and 1 is to be calculated for that item. Penalties are defined based on the extent of disagreement to the norm in the initial set of individuals.
There are a number of ways in which penalties might be derived. One way is to use a linear approach where the penalty for the new persona not agreeing with the natural value is directly proportional to the percentage of agreement with the natural value (in the initial set of individuals). For instance, if in characterising naturalness it was found that only 51 % had agreed with the selected natural value, then if a persona under investigation also does not agree, they should be penalised considerably less than the case where 98 % of people agreed. To achieve this, we set penalties to increase on a linear scale from 0.02 (where there is 51 % agreement) up to a penalty of 1 (at 100 % agreement).
In addition to the linear approach, we have also explored the application of logarithmic, exponential and power functions to produce penalty values. These use a broadly similar method as above to incorporate the percentage agreement but, as is to be expected, output different sets of penalties. Once values (and penalties) have been applied to each item to indicate similarity to the template, these are averaged to determine the similarity of the persona itself to the natural persona. Depending on the threshold set, a conclusion as to the potential naturalness of the persona can be reached.
Case study experimentation and results
To assess the ability of our approach to characterise and measure naturalness, we conducted a case study experiment. At this stage, we felt that a case study would be more appropriate, as were especially interested in (a) exploring the characterisation process and (b) in understanding whether the approach could at least detect personae (and thus, individuals) of the same or differing types. We view these tasks as key prerequisites in being able to detect fake personae. As such, we designed a case scenario with a participant set of two general types (students to characterise natural, and professionals to test it). Here we did not attempt to detect genuinely fake personae and did not include an assessment of known fake personae—this would form the basis for our next and more comprehensive experiment. Below, we present the case study experiment and then highlight some of the main findings.
Characterising naturalness: Step 1
To characterise naturalness, we started by recruiting 30 students as a basis for our case study. We hypothesised that given they were of the same age and studied very similar degrees at the same institution, they may have a generally similar online presence. With the permission of the participants and in line with university ethical guidelines, we then collected their online identity data, including profiles, identity elements, source data, and so on.
Characterising naturalness: Step 2
Next, we analysed the online presence of each individual and created several models similar to Fig. 3. While the definition of profile, topic areas, elements and inferences was straightforward, specifying appropriate contexts required a comprehensive analysis of the profile elements of each individual and determining how that profile was being used, e.g., for work, social, and so on. In general however, this step progressed as expected with the conceptualisation more than capable of adequately abstracting each presence.
Characterising naturalness: Step 3
The various identity conceptualisations were then assessed with the aim of ascertaining what profiles, contexts, topic areas, elements and inferences may be regarded as natural. Below, we summarise the analysis.
Defining natural profiles
To define naturalness at the profile level, we adopted a simple approach based on what occurred in the majority of cases. That is, if most personae possessed the profile, this was considered as natural for this sample, and if most did not, that was considered as natural. Figure 4 presents a summary of the different profiles maintained and their prevalence.
Fig. 4
Identification of maintained profiles number of accounts that the participants of the study maintain in various sites
One notable finding was that only 6 of 31 profile types could be considered as naturally present for the participants, i.e., at least 50 % of the participants had them. These were Facebook, Twitter, Google+, YouTube, Amazon and eBay. Some other profiles did have a reasonably strong presence (e.g., Instagram, the Steampowered games platform, Spotify and LinkedIn) but not a majority. In contrast, there are some profiles which are very uncommon, so the natural tendency is not to possess them (e.g., IMDB, Stackoverflow).
Another point worth highlighting is variability in the total number of profiles maintained by personae. Overall, the average number of profiles is 8, with a standard deviation of 4. A question that might arise here, therefore, is whether or not certain individuals within our initial naturalness characterisation set were outliers.
Defining natural contexts
The definition of natural contexts utilised the majority approach as applied above. Reflecting on the analysis, the contexts found were somewhat expected given participants’ background. For instance, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram all were used to socialise (i.e., interacting with friends, posting pictures, and so on), rather than for work or business, and therefore these were naturally associated with the social context. Unsurprisingly, eBay was naturally characterised in the customer context. An interesting point that arises here is that with some sites, they likely only have one use or arguably a main use, and therefore may not be as useful in distinguishing unnatural personae at a context level.
While topic areas were used in our analysis, we do not report on them here as their findings were very similar to the element-level assessment (next).
Defining natural elements
This step sought to determine which identity elements were naturally (mostly) exposed in profiles. As before, we characterised the naturalness template for each profile’s elements, but for brevity here we only present results for Facebook. In Fig. 5, the availability of elements across individuals can be observed. A key finding here was that there are some elements that were always present because they are required (e.g., gender), and others that are just mainly used by individuals (e.g., avatar, coverpicture); it is the latter of these which we use to define naturalness. There are also some elements that have a clear lack of prevalence (e.g., website) and therefore it could be concluded that it is natural for personae of this type not to link to other profiles.
Fig. 5
Identification of model elements in Facebook Number of model elements that are filled for the Facebook accounts of the participants of the study
Defining natural inferences
Similarly to the process with identity elements, we characterised inferences that were naturally possible and impossible. This process progressed as expected and we were able to define natural inferences, but it required a notable amount of manual effort in assessing the ability to conduct inferences. For example, on Facebook, we discovered that participants have a clear tendency to use a picture of themselves as their avatar (97 %), sometimes appearing with others (62%). We also found that the posts on participants’ walls naturally mentioned friends, locations, liked organisations or companies, and the individual’s personal interests.
Defining natural values
Another approach adopted to ascertain naturalness was to analyse the values of elements. We focused on two areas: (a) textual content analysis to assess aspects such as whether or not it is natural to maintain consistent values (e.g., age or name) across profiles or if values typically tend to match the ground truth (e.g., real age); and (b) frequency analysis of numeric elements (e.g., number of posts, pictures uploaded) to calculate the range of potentially natural values (assuming a Gaussian distribution, ‘natural’ ranges could be the average value plus/minus the standard deviation). Findings from (a) included the fact that there is a clear majority tendency for individuals to have the same age and gender across profiles, but not similar locations or usernames. As it pertains to (b) and Facebook for instance, we found that personae tend to post more during the evening and less during the morning, but there is not a specific hour where they mostly publish. Therefore, if we were to find an individual who always publishes at the same time, this could be regarded as unnatural.
Characterising naturalness: Step 4
From the full analysis of participants’ data, we defined the high-level natural persona template in Fig. 6. This highlights the profiles, contexts, data elements and inferences that could be expected to be available for a natural persona of the type under investigation.
Fig. 6
Natural persona template a capture of the template for a natural persona of the participant set, including the profiles, contexts, data elements and inferences that could be expected to be available
Measuring naturalness of new persona
This section applies our general approach to measure the naturalness of new personae; in the context of our wider research aims, these would be the suspected fake personae. For our case study analysis, we used five new personae, three of which were students of the same degrees as the initial set and therefore may be expected to be found as natural when compared. The other two personae were from older individuals and employees of companies in different subject areas; as such their presences might appear unnatural or at least different to the students’ natural personae template. Hereafter, Test personae #1, #2 and #3 are the students and #4 and #5 are the professionals.
Measuring naturalness at the profiles level
We began by evaluating how the five test personae compared to our naturalness template in terms of profiles. Figure 7 displays an example of this evaluation for Test persona #1. For each profile type, we have documented its natural behaviour (i.e., whether it is natural for individuals to possess it [1] or not [0]) and the percentage of agreement to that norm by participants within the initial set (where 100 % indicates complete agreement and 51 % defines very limited agreement). Next, we took the list of sites where the Test persona #1 had a presence, and the calculated naturalness metrics. Specifically, we used a simple penalty metric (where 1 is for agreement to the natural template and 0 otherwise), a penalty metric using a linear curve, and a penalty metric using a power curve. As can be seen in the figure, generally the simple penalty obtained the greatest values as it equally penalised all the differences with the template. On the contrary, the linear and power approaches penalised according to the percentage agreement of the initial participant set.
Fig. 7
Similarity with the natural template similarity metrics of a persona with the calculated natural template for having accounts in different sites
For the specific persona in Fig. 7, we can observe that it is very similar to the natural template (i.e., over 93 % similarity across all metrics); with similarity defined as [1-AverageMetricScore] where AverageMetricScore is the average of the penalties across all profiles.
To comment on the general results at the profiles level, we were unable to use our approach to distinguish between students and employees (thus, natural and unnatural personae). This could be because the type of personae represented by individuals #4 and #5 is very similar to our natural profile template, or because there was too much variation in our sample used to define naturalness. To test this last hypothesis we adopted the approach mentioned in Step 1 that focused on defining and reflecting on the average penalty and the standard deviation for the initial participant sample. From this analysis, we found that at this level, there were six participants that had a penalty score higher than the mean penalty (0.0343) plus one standard deviation (0.0334) and one participant (of that six) with a score higher than the mean plus two standard deviations (unnatural). In some ways, these individuals could be considered as outliers whose profiles could have weakened the naturalness characterisation process.
Measuring naturalness within profiles
Here we assess the naturalness of test personae in terms of contexts, profile elements and inferences. Due to limited space, we focus on Facebook as a findings example.
At the contexts level, our approach was able to detect differences in Test persona #4 and #5 as compared to the natural template. This was because these personae had several details about their work (e.g., profession, employers) on their profiles. In terms of the overall similarity score at this level however, the metrics still deemed these two personae as natural.
To measure the naturalness of test personae at an elements level, we drew on the characterisation (from Fig. 5), and followed the methodology defined in Step 3. We started by calculating the threshold and standard deviation for the similarity of the initial set, which were 74.51 and 7.89 % respectively. Thus, we considered individuals to be unnatural when their similarity (to the template) is lower than 74.51 %. Using this threshold, all test five personae appear natural. This could again be the result of the high variability in the initial dataset thus affecting the deduced natural template. Alternatively, it might be the result of considering too many elements, and thus, reducing the mean score and introducing noise. The thresholds for the linear and power metrics are 89.26 and 95.19 % respectively. Only Test persona #1 has average similarities lower than these, i.e. indicating that the data within their profile is potentially unnatural. This is the effect of the penalties for hometown and location elements in particular, which this individual has not provided.
The next task is to consider the naturalness of inferences in Facebook. In Fig. 8 we can see a survey of the thresholds for Facebook and the similarities that three of the test users receive. The calculated thresholds are 61 % for the simple penalty, 83 % for the linear penalty and 94% for the power penalty. According to these metrics, Test persona #2 looks unnatural using the simple and linear penalties because they are not exposing locations, organisations or interests in their posts. Similarly, Test persona #4 looks unnatural particularly as they do not expose organisations and interests.
Fig. 8
Survey of similarities similarities obtained using the three different metrics for all the test personae according to profile, model elements and inferences in Facebook
To briefly consider naturalness at an element-values level, we compared findings from the new personae with the textual content and frequency analyses. For the textual analysis, the professional test personae were generally different to the natural template, especially in username consistency across profiles. For the frequency analysis, Fig. 9 presents the time of the day the test personae tended to publish on Facebook. The dark shadow represents the mean plus one standard deviation (i.e., naturalness threshold), while the light shadows is the mean plus two times the standard deviation. Here, Test persona #1 (blue) appears unnatural as they publish very often early on mornings, while Test persona #4 (green) looks unnatural as that individual has a tendency to publish most around 2pm.
Next we reflect on our case study analysis and the ability of the proposed approach to achieve its aims.
Fig. 9
Frequency of posts in Facebook for personae a summary of the frequency of posts in Facebook during the day for the five test personae (coloured). The dark shadow represents the mean plus one standard deviation (i.e., naturalness threshold), while the light shadows is the mean plus two times the standard deviation
Reflecting on the approach and analytics
In this research, our aim was to develop a method that could characterise the natural online presence of a type of individual and analytics to measure whether personae of unknown origin might be considered as natural. In general, from our case study analysis, we found that our approach to conceptualise an individual’s presence could be regarded as successful. In terms of developing effective analytics for naturalness however, improvements in the approach are required. Ultimately, this meant that we were not able to use the measure as is it stands to distinguish natural from unnatural (or differently-typed) personae. Consequently, this has affected the planned subsequent use of the approach to detect fake online persona. Below, we reflect on some of the main reasons why this might not have been possible.
The dataset
In any approach to identify fake or unnatural personae, there must first be some clear understanding of what is natural. We believe that natural behaviours can change across different types of individuals and thus, identifying the type of individual or personae to be assessed is particularly important. We approached this issue by defining and exploring a case study, which involved recruiting a set of students of the same age and studying for the same degree. Unfortunately, in our analysis of their online data we found notable variations in their presence which undoubtedly impacted the naturalness persona template deduced. One conclusion from this is that types based on profession or age may not be best for defining naturalness.
The sample size could have also had an impact on our analysis and findings. Due to the small size of the case scenario dataset, the calculation of true penalties may have been incorrect or focused on elements which were not relevant for naturalness (or vice versa, i.e., omitting elements which are important). Overall the method seems to behave correctly if there is a clear majority in the data, so we might assume that if we had a larger sample, the method would be able to produce a more accurate template of naturalness. This is definitely an area for future work when we expand from this case study-based experiment to a substantial, large-scale study.
Naturalness characterisation
To characterise naturalness, our analytics approach has made the assumption that the majority case is the natural case. Considering our data, this meant that because a majority of individuals did not have a profile on Spotify for instance, it was not considered as natural. As a result, there was arguably no need to consider the information shared within Spotify or the associated contexts, or the inferences possible. Another way that we could approach this problem however, is to lower the threshold at the profile level, such that we would assess the data within a profile if that profile type was maintained by at least \(x\%\) (e.g., \(40\,\%\)) of individuals. This would allow more profiles to be included in the assessment, which could allow extra detail that might, in turn, enable an unnatural personae to be identified. We could imagine applying this approach as a secondary method if the majority-value technique does not enable unnatural personae to be discovered.
An alternative way to approach the characterisation of what is or is not natural is to only consider something as natural if it is prevalent in large majority of the initial set; for instance, in at least \(80\,\%\) of cases rather than \(51\,\%\). The idea here is that some variability in the initial set should be expected and thus, we should be more strict in what is deduced as being required in order to be viewed as natural. If we take data in Fig. 6 as an example, we would only consider Facebook and Amazon as profiles that are naturally present. If we are measuring the naturalness of a new persona therefore, and they do not have a Twitter profile, they would not be penalised. This is the contrary to our current approach where the individual would be penalised quite heavily depending on the specific metric that has been applied.
A notable issue faced within the study was the variability in the data used to characterise naturalness. While this could be due to the type of personae chosen, another possibility is that there are distinct sub-clusters in this set which could better define the personae norms. To conduct a preliminary test of this theory, we applied the K-Means clustering approach [15] to the profile-level data of the initial set of personae. Our analysis found three clusters of individuals as depicted in Fig. 10; we drew on existing work to define appropriate values for K [15, 16]. While these particular clusters are of varying strengths, finding such a wide spread in the initial dataset somewhat reinforced our belief that an approach which accommodates several naturalness templates (deduced from the clusters identified in the initial dataset) may be the best way to proceed in the future. The idea here, therefore, would be to characterise naturalness via multiple templates (identified, potentially through clustering), and then to measure the naturalness of a persona of unknown provenance by assessing the extent to which it fits the templates known to be natural. If we are able to comprehensively describe the templates found, there may also be the option of identifying which templates may be best used to assess a new persona. This is a prime area for exploration in our future research.
Fig. 10
Exploring the clusters of the initial set of personae a scatter plot displaying the personae of the initial dataset and clustered according to the similarity of their profile-level data. To present the vast amount of profile features on this graph, we used principal components analysis (PCA) [17] to reduce the feature space to two dimensions
Another general factor worth noting is that our naturalness characterisation thus far is in some regards static, and represents naturalness at a single point in time. Naturalness, however, even for the set of personae assessed, may very well change and therefore, it is crucial that the naturalness template is suitably updated. Furthermore, there is the reality that naturalness can be considered dynamically (i.e., over time), and not necessarily only at a specific point. Therefore, from repeated captures of personae data, it might be possible to identify that over a period of time, natural personae (and their respective profiles, context, and so on) tend to be characterised, or act in certain ways. Consideration of these and the other factors mentioned would allow for a more accurate assessment of naturalness in the subsequent measurements stage.
Naturalness measurement overall
Our analytics to measure the naturalness of each personae operates on a level-by-level basis, i.e., profiles, contexts, topics, elements and inferences. However, as was discussed, in order to have a general overview of the naturalness of the individual, those values should be combined in some way. Our combinatorics thus far has adopted an averaging approach, which provides a similarity score, but arguably, a rather rigid one. Another way in which overall naturalness could be defined based on these layers is as done in Fig. 6. The idea here is that we combine values at the lower level with those at the layer directly above, building a tree. For instance, when we calculate the average penalty for a profile’s set of elements and inferences, we could then combine (e.g., multiply) it with the penalty of having that profile (if any). Below, we examine how this approach might be applied in a number of cases.
Assume that it is natural to possess a profile and the penalty for not possessing it is 0.8. Within the profile it is natural to have a specific element (element1) available and to make an inference (inference1); penalties for not conforming to the norm are 0.7 and 0.9 respective. Now, two new personae (Persona1 and Persona2) are presented and we need to assess their naturalness. Persona1 does not have the profile, and Persona2 has the profile but element1 is not available and inference1 cannot be made. In the case of Persona1, the assessment is simple, i.e., we would just assign a penalty of 0.8 for not having the profile.
For Persona2, one approach is to average the penalties within the profile (i.e., \((0.7 + 0.9)/2\)) and then multiply this by the penalty of not having a profile, resulting in a final penalty of 0.64— here the penalty of not having the profile essentially acts as a weight. The advantage of this approach is that if an individual possesses a profile but it is very unnatural (i.e., tends towards an average elements/inferences penalty of 1) then this would be equated as similar to not having the profile at all. In the other two cases, i.e., when a profile is not natural but the persona has it, and when the persona is not natural and the persona also does not have it, the assessments are simple. That is, in the former case the penalty for not having the profile is assigned (e.g., 0.8 in our example above) and in the latter situation, there is no penalty. Future work will need to explore this further, ideally with the larger and more clearly typed participant set.
Conclusion and future work
As the number of organisations and individuals online increases, cyberspace becomes an even more attractive area for malevolent parties, armed with various schemes and tricks meant to deceive others. In this paper, we have presented and explored an approach that is ultimately targeted at enabling us to better distinguish between real and fake (or malicious) online identities. This approach focuses on allowing an enhanced understanding of online personae, while also facilitating the characterisation of a natural online presence and the measurement of conformity to such a presence.
Reflecting on the case study-based assessment of the approach that was conducted, there were several areas where our approach performed well, but also many others where further improvement is required before it could be applied to judge fake personae. These areas will be the focus of our future work, and include: further assessments of the criteria through which naturalness is defined, and refined analytics and combinatorics to measure a persona’s naturalness. Lastly, we are in the process of exploring the full application of clustering approaches using complete online personae (i.e., data from multiple sites) as a means to identify naturally occurring personae types in large datasets. This could be used to complement our existing approach and provide more insight into the initial dataset from which naturalness (via naturalness templates for instance) would be defined.
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Authors’ contributions
All authors listed contributed in the research and experimentation leading to this article, and the preparation of the manuscript itself. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Authors’ information
JN is a Cyber Security Researcher and Junior Research Fellow; AE is a Cyber Security Researcher; TGR is a Junior Research Fellow; MG is a Professor of Computer Science; SC is a Professor of Cybersecurity and Supernumerary Fellow. All authors are based in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Oxford in the UK.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Correspondence to Jason R. C. Nurse.
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Nurse, J.R.C., Erola, A., Gibson-Robinson, T. et al. Analytics for characterising and measuring the naturalness of online personae. Secur Inform 5, 3 (2016).
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• Identity security
• Identity theft and fraud
• Detection approaches
• Data analytics and metrics |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19874 | Is it possible to detect failed logins on the hotspots you create with your windows/linux laptops? So you can detect some dumb brute force/guessing attempts? For example, a log like this:
As for the password part, lets take wep for example:
1. The client sends an authentication request to the Access Point.
2. The Access Point replies with a clear-text challenge.
3. The client encrypts the challenge-text using the configured WEP key, and sends it back in another authentication request.
4. The Access Point decrypts the response. If this matches the challenge-text the Access Point sends back a positive reply.
Since you send the challenge yourself, in theory, you will be able to retrieve the plaintext challenge. It should be also be possible to get this response, when your own laptop is the access point, right? But than comes the questuion: what is the decryption algorithm?
• 2
There might be some confusion with your question. Do you want to detect failed attempts at connecting to your Access Point, failed logins onto your laptop, or more general intrusions? – schroeder May 5 '12 at 0:24
• 1
Also, what do you expect to be generating this data? Most wireless hotspots have built-in logging capability. Are you asking for more than what the hotspot is offering? – schroeder May 5 '12 at 0:26
• You know you can connect to 3G/4G/wired network and share your connection through your wireless network card on your laptop right? I know about air crack and wpa2 handshake cracking, but I really need logs that are this accurate. You can see the successful login attempts, but not the failed ones with this level of detail. – user101579 May 5 '12 at 5:55
• You really need to edit your question to make this clear. I completely missed that this was the setup. What software are you using to create the hotspot? – schroeder May 5 '12 at 15:14
• Why would you even consider using WEP?!!! – curiousguy Aug 24 '12 at 7:18
I don't see how this is helpful for home use. The error "MAC ADDRESS INTRUDER", is even less useful because that is not a real security measure, its trivial to spoof your mac address. WEP cracking is greatly sped up by packet injection which can be detected, but that isn't as helpful as just using WPA. The attack against WPA is offline, so an IDS isn't really going to help. In these these cases, the problem is relying upon a broken security system and logging this isn't very helpful.
You could install Linux on an old Desktop and use snort. Snort can detect some wireless attacks. But more importantly, snort has general purpose IDS rulesets.
• Yeah, I know that, but there are not really other reliable ways to identify computers at wifi level than Mac addresses at the time. 90% of the people use wpa2, including me. And yes, I know about air crack and wpa2 handshake cracking, but I really need logs that are this accurate. You can see the successful login attempts, but not the failed ones with this level of detail. – user101579 May 5 '12 at 5:48
• Can snort log those failed attempts with the tried passwords? – user101579 May 5 '12 at 6:05
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@user101579 Faild password attempts are a sign that everything is great, because if an attacker is using that method then they are clueless. The real attack is an offline brute force of the PSK handshake, which nothing can detect. – rook May 5 '12 at 7:44
I don't think this is helpful for most users.
Think through the whole process: Who is going to read these logs? What are they going to do with the information? Answers: Let's be realistic; in almost all cases, no one is ever going to read the logs. If by chance someone did read the log, even if they saw one of these log messages, there's nothing they could do. What are they going to do? Turn off the access point, and have no Internet? Not realistic.
And, of course, as others have mentioned, many of the most serious attacks against wireless networks are completely offline attacks that will not be visible to the access point and cannot be detected by the access point, so logging is useless to detect them, because there's nothing to log.
So I think there is no realistic use case for this functionality -- which is probably why doesn't tend to be present in existing access points.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19877 | What are the Best Tools to Use When Doing Keyword Research?
By April
In episode 70 of our weekly Hump Day Hangouts, a participant asked about some recommended keyword analysis tool.
The exact question was:
Which service/software do you recommend as the best keyword analysis tool? This would be used to research which keywords I should target for articles on my website for my chosen niche?
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19893 | I have a custom workflow in SharePoint 2013. The workflow sends emails to users. Our employees use Outlook, and after opening the emails, they always retain the "Unread" icon, which has led to confusion and complaints.
The cause of the problem is detailed here. In short, Outlook icons only work with Message Class = IPM.Note. Somehow, SharePoint is sending emails with a different Message Class = IPM.Note.Custom.Microsoft.Workflow.2013.
We would like SharePoint to simply send normal email formats. Is there any way to prevent SharePoint from using this strange Message Class?
Your Answer
Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19929 | Examples of Communication Errors in the Workplace
by David Ingram
Messages must be crafted in such a way as to guarantee correct interpretation.
mobile phone image by Igor Mozharivsky from Fotolia.com
Communication skills are crucial for everyone in a small business, especially for managers and owners. Some people are naturally gifted in interpersonal skills, but those who aren't can study and practice effective communication skills to increase their value to their employers. Twenty-first century communications technology has created numerous opportunities to communicate with coworkers in the same office and their international counterparts. Each communication medium, however, introduces a new range of potential communication errors.
Email Communication
Email communication provides limited means by which to convey messages, and employees must fully understand how to communicate within the limitations of email to be most effective.
Email communication does not include voice tone or body language, two vital elements of communication. Without these elements, a sarcastic joke can be interpreted as lashing out in anger, and things like a hint of urgency or annoyance may not be understood. To avoid communication errors in email, always use straightforward language and literal phrasing.
Body Language Miscommunications
Body language conveys a wealth of information in face-to-face communication. Employees who fail to pick up on body language clues can miss the true meanings of messages they hear. Also, using body language inappropriately can send mixed signals to those who know how to pick up on these nuances.
An employee who does not understand body language, for example, may not notice a client's slightly raised eyebrows and wandering eyes during a meeting, which would cause him to miss the fact that the client is uncomfortable, wary or distant. As another example, crossing your arms when someone is speaking to you can send the signal that your mind is closed to what they are saying, regardless of whether that is actually the case.
Poor Listening Skills
Communication is a two-way street, and listening can often be more important than speaking in a workplace conversation. Listening skills are not genetically inherited characteristics; listening, more than any other communication skill, must be studied and practiced to be effective. It can be easy to misinterpret facts without solid listening skillsS or to miss important instructions or advice given by supervisors. Poor listening skills can also reduce managers' ability to delegate work tasks and mediate conflicts.
Phone Communication
Like email communication, telephone communication carries the weakness of not including all vital elements of communication. Like email, phone conversations cannot relay body language clues. Phone conversations also occur in real time, eliminating the possibility of editing and fine-tuning messages, as can be done in email or written correspondence. Certain unique forms of speaking, such as dry humor and sarcasm, can be highly ineffective and misinterpreted when not accompanied by facial expressions.
Consider the simple sarcastic phrase, “sure, you know that will happen.” When accompanied by rolling eyes and a smile, the speaker clearly intends the opposite of the literal meaning. When interpreted through voice alone, however, that phrase could be interpreted literally, causing a misunderstanding.
International Colloquialisms
The pace of globalization in business continues to pick up momentum, creating new opportunities for cross-cultural business communications. Cross-cultural communication introduces a new world of problems and potential communication errors, such as the use of domestic colloquialisms. If an American businessperson tells a partner in the Philippines that a certain negotiation was a “home run,” for example, the Philippine businessperson may have no idea what the American is talking about.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/19936 | Skip to content
November 28, 2014 / C H Thompson
by Sam Cook
Valid social research data is research data which uncovers the truth to the extent the data is an ‘accurate reflection of social reality’ Haralambos and Holborn, 2000. As previously mentioned on the reliability page data can be valid without being reliable and visa versa.
For example closed questionnaires produce reliable quantitative data but the validity of the data can be questioned for example because the respondent lied when completing a survey or because the questionnaire didn’t have a desired category for the respondent.
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