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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/46921 | Don’t rely on third party sites to view listings. Many times these sites are not updated . Don’t miss out on the hot new listing that is perfect for you. When you work with me, I wll give you access to the MLS. This is the site that Realtors use to find properties. Just drop me an email/text or use the form below and tell me what you’re looking for. I’ll set up a search for you, and you’ll get notified right away when something new comes on the market. You deserve the best possible service. That’s what you’ll get when you work with me. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/46937 | Carol, Part 1
[WARNING: Disturbing Content]
Carol haunts my nightmares. She disturbed me so deeply that during my recovery I had to avoid homeless people and little old women. Yes, little old women. I suffered PTSD-like anxiety, according to my psychiatrist… He sent me to see a specialist for it.
*March 2014. Sometime between mania and psychosis. Fired from my job, walking home*
I was on top of the world strolling through Nob Hill. Free from my job. Free to open my own business. To be an artist. To do whatever I wanted. I wanted to open an event studio for artists to come and showcase their work. What an amazing idea!
Then I saw her, draped in black shawls with frazzled silvery black hair. Pushing a cart. She was homeless. Maybe a witch too. Tormented by delusions. Probably schizophrenic. She yelled at invisible people. As I passed her she yelled obscenities not at me, but just past me. This woman was fascinating.
Passing a café I bought two salads and sat at an outdoor table, watching her. I knew we were meant to cross paths. The energy turned her around at that moment, and she meandered my way. This was my chance. I stopped her, asked if she would like to join me for lunch. The pain in her face melted into relief. Stunned, she sat down with tears in her eyes.
We ate and I listened. Carol said nobody had shown her such kindness in a long time. Then she unloaded her delusions on me. Russian satellites, betrayal, evil weapons, ghosts… torture. She used to be young and beautiful like me, she said. They said she was crazy and they experimented on her. Locked her away. She lifted her shirt to show me scars. I didn’t want to see. Part of me believed she was ill, but as she talked fear began to overwhelm my consciousness. I could feel the energy all around us. They were watching. They didn’t want us to meet. She begged me to help her. Then a ladybug landed on my shirt. Carol was in disbelief, she hadn’t seen one in so many years. I was special. I could save her. 🐞
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/46942 | Bekle Theme is No Longer Working | JW Player
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Bekle Theme is No Longer Working
Videos accross our site have stopped working with the following error: Skin could not be loaded: Skin not valid file type.
We have changed nothing, is the skin CDN down? JWPlayer 6.
Our skin code uses this :
skin: "bekle",
Please help!!
3 Community Answers
JW Player Support Agent
1 rated :
Hi Tristan,
It looks like you just signed up for an account today. Can you provide me a link to your website so I can see the player on the page and figure out what account is associated with your license key? My initial thought is that maybe your account has lapsed to free status, so you don’t get access to anything other than the default skin.
0 rated :
I was thinking this very same thing Donni, thanks for the reply. After looking into everything, you might be right. I signed up for an account to download an updated codebase. I did't implement the video player on the site, a 3rd party did and I see no license key anywhere. How long would a free trial last until it would no longer work correctly? We have used the video player on our site for a pretty long time now, going on over a year I believe.
I will look into a premium license key.
JW Player Support Agent
0 rated :
That makes sense, so whichever license key your site was using probably wasn’t renewed.
This question has received the maximum number of answers. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/46972 | October 6, 2019 – Sara’s Telescope Group
Kitt Peak Nightly Observing Program
Splendors of the Universe on YOUR Night!
Many pictures are links to larger versions.
M57 Ring Nebula
The Galilean Moons
Jupiter’s four largest moons are known as the Galilean Moons, named for Galileo, who was the first astronomer to study them in depth and determine that they were orbiting Jupiter. Their individual names are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—in orbital order from closest to Jupiter to furthest out. Ganymede is the largest of these four moons, and is the largest moon in our Solar System. Io, the closest of these four moons to Jupiter, is the most volcanic world in our Solar System. Io is home to hundreds of active volcanos. Its neighbor, and the next furthest from Jupiter of the four, Europa, is a dramatic contrast to Io with its icy surface. Europa is covered by water, which is frozen solid at the surface. The furthest our of the four, Callisto is a fascinating world in our Solar System because it is so utterly geologically dead. Without weather, moonquakes, volcanism, or any other surface-altering processes, Callisto’s surface is billions of years old—a kind of record of the history of the Solar System.
Albireo (β Cyg)
Nightly Observing Program. Most of the above images were taken as
part of
Copyright © 2019 Kitt Peak Visitor Center
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/46973 | Pregnancy and birth
I’m taking it easy on the sofa today. Yesterday I hatched great plans to be active, like a normal person – I felt like I’d spent too many days loafing around, staying in my pyjamas until lunch time and watching the Olympics. So I leapt into the shower before 7 am and was walking to the beach with Tui by 8 ish. After we got home I headed to the mall to buy a maternity bra and check out some baby stuff, and then I drove to a couple of other shops to sort out my sister’s engagement present. Finally, I picked up the breast pump and then went to the supermarket (actually, I went to two supermarkets: I’d intended to pick up a few items, including the ingredients to make macaroni cheese, but after driving away from the first supermarket I realised that I’d forgotten to buy both macaroni and cheese).
I did chill out on the sofa when I got home, but then I was in the kitchen, cooking, and starting having a fair few twinges in my ever-expanding bump. I’d also noticed some twinges when walking home from the beach earlier in the day. The pains weren’t awful – just twingey, and I figured that it was all as cool twin mother Katie explained in her blog: if you’re feeling twinges in a twin pregnancy and you’re not bleeding or having any other symptoms (and I’m not), it’s almost always going to be the effects of your ligaments stretching as your bump grows. And my bump actually does seem significantly bigger today, which is just amazing.
Anyway, Tristan wouldn’t really let me move much last night, so I sat on a kitchen work surface and talked him through how to make the cheese sauce for the macaroni cheese. He did an amazing job of it – so delicious! I’m already looking forward to scoffing the leftovers for dinner tonight.
I’m still getting twinges this morning, but I’ve called one of the midwives and she’s confirmed that, without any other symptoms causing problems, it sounds like ligaments stretching. Nothing to worry about, in other words. Still, it’s providing me with an excellent excuse to relax…
2 thoughts on “Twinges
1. I’ve pretty much accepted that all pains in pregnancy that aren’t accompanied by bleeding are normal. Ligament pain is like my best friend lately. Hope resting up has helped. And how sweet is Tristan!
1. Yep, I think you’re exactly right – I guess it’s (yet another) thing that I never really considered before actually getting pregnant: what it would feel like for my body to deal with growing a person or two!
And yes, Tristan is a superhero husband!
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/46991 | With 11 languages under his belt, Steve Kaufmann is an extremely accomplished language learner. His extensive language learning wisdom in shared in his book titled The Way of the Linguist: A Language Learning Odyssey and his online language learning system called LingQ. On top of all this, Steve maintains an informative blog called The Linguist on Language where he shares his views on language learning and other topics of interest. Many of the articles stir up quite a debate and it is enjoyable to go through the comments to see the vast array of viewpoints. With fluency in so many languages, most would immediately claim that Steve is simply a “natural” at language learning, and that they have no hope of learning 11 foreign tongues, let alone one. But having learned 5 of those languages after the age of 55, Steve lays waste to the “talent” myth, as well as six others common myths in his popular Pick the Brain article: 7 Common Misconceptions about Language Learning. In the interview, we dive into each of these 7 misconceptions about language learning, as well as how to learn languages effectively and the role of a good teacher.
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John: So what I’d like to pick your brain about is the article you posted on Pick the Brain: “7 Common Misconceptions about Language Learning.” I think that has a lot of good stuff in their to help my listeners get started with Mandarin and avoid the most common pitfalls that most language learners encounter.
Steve: Alright then. Well, the first one that I hear so often is that language learning is difficult. We hear that particularly here in North America. I think we hear it in countries like Japan. And the problem normally is that the person isn’t sufficiently motivated.Language learning is not difficult; we all learned our first language. And I think it’s also made difficult because of the way it’s taught in schools, where people are forced to try and perform in the language at a point where they have no chance of performing in the language. If we learn in a natural way, mostly listening and reading, and if we enjoy doing it, it’s not difficult.
The second misconception is that you have to have a gift for learning languages. I speak 10 languages, so people just say, “Oh, well you just have a gift.” I don’t believe that and I’ll tell you why. If you go to countries like Sweden, Holland or Singapore, everybody speaks more than one language. It’s not a big deal there. I don’t believe that Singaporeans or Swedes have some kind of a gene that makes them more gifted for languages.
I’ve also noticed that here in North America where we have foreign athletes, such as Russian hockey players, after a year or two, the Russian hockey player speaks English much more fluently than the average teaching assistant that we have from Russia at our universities who no one can understand! And the point is that the hockey player is in with his buddies. He’s in an environment where he just has to communicate. He’s happy. He’s just doing it. Where as the college professor is more, you know, academic and probably a little more inhibited. And I don’t believe that hockey players have a gene that makes them better language learners than college professors.So I don’t think that you need to have a gift to learn languages.
What is true is that having the right attitude can help, and just being willing to let go, and listen and communicate.
And the more languages you learn, the better you get at it. Me learning my tenth language, Russian, I’m a better language learner at 63 than I was at 16, 17 when I wanted to conquer French.
John: Alright. Number 3?
Steve: Yeah, well people say that if I only lived where the language is spoken, then I’d learn it, or I could learn it. Of course it’s an advantage to live surrounded by the language, but it’s not a condition. I learned Mandarin in Hong Kong, which is not a Mandarin speaking area, and in fact, when I lived there in 1968, 69, you didn’t hear Mandarin anywhere, just about. So I learned it despite the fact that I wasn’t surrounded by the language. And on the other side of the picture, I lived in Japan for 9 years, and most North Americans, Europeans living in Japan did not learn Japanese. And we’re all familiar with immigrants who live here in North America for 20 or 30 years and never learn to speak English. So it can help to live where the language is spoken, not living where the language is spoken doesn’t prevent you from learning the language, and there’s no guarantee that if you live where the language is spoken, that you’ll to speak it.
John: Yeah, I can attest to that. There are hundreds and hundreds of foreigners I encounter here who have been here many years and can barely get by in the language. And I would say that it just reiterates what you said in points 1 and 2: they think it’s difficult, so they don’t even try, or they think that they’re not good at languages, so they don’t try.
Steve: Exactly. And the thing is, today with the iPod MP3 player, you can literally carry your immersion around with you, and you can listen all the time.
John: Oh yeah, I’m plugged in 24/7. They’re fused into my ears now.
Alright, number 4.
Steve: Well, this was about that you have to be a child, that there is a critical period, and all of this. I think that there is a critical period for your native language, when native language forms, but there’s all kinds of research that shows that our brains retain their plasticity. Adults who suddenly become blind can learn Braille, which is a language.
Children have some advantage in that they’re less inhibited. But children don’t have as wide a vocabulary as adults. I mean here I am, I’ve learned Russian in 3 years; I can read Tolstoy essentially with no trouble. I don’t think a 3 year old child could put in 3 years into Russian and learn to read Tolstoy.
So children have a number of advantages, mostly that they are not inhibited; they’re not afraid to be childish! The educated person is reluctant to speak another language because they think they sound like a fool because they can’t express themselves. And children don’t worry about that. So I think that’s not an issue; you can learn a language at any age.
John: Alright, well, the next one is one of the most important and one of the hardest, I think, for those of us who are teachers ourselves, to accept. But I do completely agree; hopefully my listeners will as well.
Steve: Well, the thing is that the classroom has a lot of advantages. One of things about the classroom is that it’s a social place: people get together with the teacher, with the fellow students. It’s a place where the teacher can inspire the students, can push them, give them assignments. There’s lots of things that can be done in a classroom, but you can’t learn in a classroom in my opinion.
A classroom is a place where you mobilize people and encourage them. Or they encourage each other. But the learning, the language learning, has to take place outside of the classroom. But the role of the teacher is to make the student inventive, and make the student so fired up, or so afraid, one of the two, that they’ll go and do something on their own.
So if you want to learn and if you are motivated enough on your own, you don’t need the classroom. Unfortunately, that’s a small percentage of learners. Most people need the classroom in order to be motivated, disciplined and stay on the task. The challenge for the teacher is how to use that classroom effectively so that for every hour in the classroom the student puts in 3 outside the classroom.
John: OK, perhaps we can expand on this a little bit. What advice do you have for teachers who perhaps agree with these seven misconceptions and are trying to structure their classrooms in a way that doesn’t demand immediate output, isn’t relying on testing and memorizing grammar rules and all these things?
Steve: You know, it’s hard for me to say because I have not taught in a classroom. However, when I see the results of classroom instruction, and I often quote this extreme example in New Brunswick here in Canada. New Brunswick is a bilingual province. 1/3 of the population speaks French. In the English language school system, they have French 30 minutes a day for 12 years. And they surveyed the graduates after 12 years, and they found that the number who could achieve what they call an intermediate level of oral proficiency in the French, was 0.68%! After 12 years of 30 minutes a day, zero point six eight percent achieved an intermediate level of proficiency! They might just as well not have bothered. Because I am sure that number would have done it anyway.
There’s a Center for Applied Linguistics in the United States that did a survey on the impact of instructional hours on immigrants learning English. In some cases it went down! Now it didn’t go down because of the classroom; it went down because the classroom is irrelevant! Over a period of time, people will improve in their English. And if they had tracked other factors like: Where does the person work? Does he watch videos at home in his native language or in English? Who are his friends? What is his attitude? All of these things would of had a much bigger impact than classroom instructional hours.
So I think the teacher has to begin by realizing how relatively ineffective classroom instructional hours are from an instructional point of view. OK, so what’s the classroom for? The number one goal of the teacher is to motivate the learner. And the number of people who will really improve is limited. You want to increase that number. The number that will really improve are the one’s who are motivated.
How do you get them motivated? I think if I ran a classroom, I would do what we do at LingQ. I would have either individual students or groups of students choose what they want to learn from; choose content to listen to and read. And spend most of their time with content that’s of interest to them. Maybe you do it in groups. Here, groups of five. Here are ten subjects. Divide yourselves up and go to the subjects you like. Listen to that, read about it.
And then work on vocabulary. It’s words over grammar. You need words. The grammar can come later in my opinion. Once you’ve got enough vocabulary that you can actually say something. And say it wrong a few of times. Or don’t say it! Just listen and read. If you have enough words, you can understand what you’re listening to and reading. And listen, listen, listen. Eventually you’ll want to speak.
So I think I would have more freedom in the classroom, and then groups can talk about themselves, about the subject that they’re studying. If they’re saving words and phrases as we do at LingQ, they can exchange lists of words amongst each other. They can write using these words. But I would break it up in that way. If they’re interested in sports, if they’re interested in gossip, move stars, whatever, just let them. Get at the language. There shouldn’t be this requirement to cover certain items on the curriculum.
John: Alright, so getting back to the seven points here. Number 6: “You need to speak in order to learn.”
Steve: Yeah, I mean at some point you have to speak. I mean that’s the goal; everyone wants to speak. But you can go a long time without speaking. And in the early stages I think it is more productive to do a lot of listening. And especially, initially, repetitive listening. And a lot of listening and reading to build up your vocabulary. So that when you go to speak to someone you actually have some words and you don’t just say, “My name is so and so. It’s a sunny day today” over and over and over again.
There will come a point where you have so many words that you’re ready; now you want to speak. And at that point, then you need to speak a lot. Because you’ve accumulated this vocabulary, you’ve got this tremendous potential ability to speak the language. You’re going to speak with lots of mistakes, with lots of hesitation, you’re gonna have trouble finding your words. Now you need to get out and speak. But that point is not right at the beginning. That point is at some point later on that will vary with the learner and with the language. It could be 6 months later; it could be 12 months later. Whenever you’re comfortable. And there shouldn’t be, in my opinion, this pressure to speak. And nor do you need to speak.
And a lot of learners are lazy. They say, “Oh, I just want to have a conversation.” Well, even in that conversation, if you’re not very good at the language, the most useful part of it is when you’re listening to the native speaker. Because you don’t have much to say if you don’t have enough vocabulary. People sort of say, “Well, I’m embarrassed to go out with people who all speak Chinese. I don’t understand.” You don’t have to speak, just sit there with them. Pick up a little bit here and a little bit there; it’s good for you.
John: I think as long as you can put aside that desire to know right now everything going on around you.
Steve: That’s the key thing. People want to know right now. You can’t know right now. I always say that a language leaner has to accept uncertainty.
The next one was, “I would love to learn, but I don’t have the time.” And we hear that all the time. Make the time if you’re interested. You make time for other things that you like to do. But that’s really where the iPod MP3 players come in. Because when I was learning Mandarin, I had these great big open-real tape recorders. And today I carry a little thing with me that has hours and hours and hours of stuff on it, that I replenish everyday. So there’s no excuse. The main activity is listening, simply because it is so portable. You can have it with you everywhere. And I listen an hour a day. 15 minutes here, half an hour there, I get in my hour. So you have the time if you want to and if you go about it properly.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/46993 | 90 is a positive integer between 89 and 91.
Properties Edit
90 is an even composite number.
It is also the number of primordial nuclides without energetically allowed baryon number-preserving decay modes.
In googology Edit
In Greek-based number-naming systems, 90 is associated with prefix "enneaconta-", and with prefix "nonaginti-" in Latin systems.
As a banknote denomination Edit
The third Burmese kyat had banknotes with this number in the denomination.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/46995 | I recall, my final year as an undergrad, encountering Deleuze and Guattari’s What is Philosophy? for the very first time. This was the first text I managed to finally read by D&G. I had tried Difference and Repetition and the Logic of Sense, but at the time I could get no purchase on their work. But with What is Philosophy? a deep feeling of content and satisfaction came over me. For years I had struggled with the question of just what philosophy is. In light of the tremendous success of the sciences both in physics and the other hard sciences and in psychology and sociology, I was haunted by the question of whether or not there’s any place for philosophy at all in the contemporary world. I started the study of philosophy early, around the age of fifteen or sixteen, starting with Husserl’s Ideas, moving on to Heidegger’s Being and Time, and then moving on to Descartes’ Meditations, Spinoza’s Ethics (which obsess me still to this day), James’ Pragmatism, Sartre’s Being and Nothingness, and Whitehead’s Process and Reality. Yet still I found myself wondering just what philosophy is or whether or not there’s any place for philosophy in the world. I loved it but I didn’t trust it. Yet, in What is Philosophy?, I found an answer, for Deleuze and Guattari argue that philosophy is nothing more than the creation and critique, the invention, of concepts. And here, concepts precede, in their own way, any investigation of the world. Moreover, they made the strangest claim of all: concepts are not simply about something, they are something. For D&G, concepts are not ideas in the head, but are real things, real actors, real events, in the world.
If philosophy is the creation and critique of concepts, then the recent work of Timothy Morton certainly deserves to be called philosophical. This is one of the peculiarities of philosophy: philosophy seldom comes from the discipline of philosophy (though occasionally this happens), but most often comes from outside departments of philosophy. This can be readily verified by both the history of philosophy, but also contemporary philosophy as well. Until roughly the 19th century you would be hard put to identify philosophy as a “profession”. Spinoza, Descartes, Leibniz, Hume, and Locke certainly weren’t “professional philosophers”. Rather, they were people engaged with other things that were forced, by the necessity of their work, to engage in “meta” speculations to become philosophers. In the contemporary world, we seldom see philosophy coming from departments of philosophy, but rather see philosophy coming scientists in various fields, geographers, people working on literature, political activists, sociologists, media theorists, psychologists, etc., etc., etc. Sometimes, when I encounter fellows in the humanities, I’ll get the sense that they’re intimidated by the fact that I’m a philosopher. They simultaneously disdain us professional philosophers and seem to think us professional philosophers have a secret knowledge, a secret rigor, that they lack. Yet this always makes me chuckle to myself because philosophy doesn’t come from professional philosophers, but people who are engaging with an object other than the history of philosophy that come to necessitate metaphysical or metatheoretical inquiry that is at the core of philosophy. Philosophy is something that happens in the midst of revolution (whether social, political, or epistemological) leading to the genesis of new concepts, and therefore it is seldom professional philosophers that generate philosophers.
By contrast, professional philosophers are more like coroners. They are historians, forensic scientists, of traces of philosophy, who analyze, systematize, and critique philosophy that has happened without doing much philosophy of their own. Professional philosophers are more interested in talking about philosophers, than in doing philosophy. And if this is the case, then it is because philosophy, as such (to put a Derridean twist on it), is without an object. Here Badiou is absolutely right when he points out that philosophy articulates no truths. Truths always come from elsewhere, not from philosophy itself. At best, philosophy records and “compossibilizes” truths that come from elsewhere. Leibniz, for example, records the truth of the calculus, articulating what metaphysical implications follow from the calculus of which calculus is unaware. Dennett articulates the truth of evolutionary biology, articulating what metaphysical implications follow from it, but of which evolutionary biology is unaware because it is too busy working over its object. When philosophy does happen within the discipline of philosophy, it happens at the margins, in those small, “hickish”, frontier towns where the philosopher doing philosophy has the freedom to finally, at last, think and develop concepts without being a coroner of the history of philosophy, doing endless autopsies of bodies that are already dead. Because such thinkers at the margins have nothing to lose or gain by doing philosophy, they are freed of the obligation to be coroners to advance their professional career and can thereby discover objects, events, encounters, that provoke the invention of concepts. Rather than being tax auditors that are compelled to show that everything is in order within the framework of a reigning discourse, they can instead build. It’s not unlike gardening or poetry. If you haven’t traveled like Descartes or Lingis, been surprised by neurology, struggled with your sexuality, been exploited, seen the collapse of civilization or your life, suffered debilitating disease or psychic illness, or lived at the borders, been struck by the mystery of the Pythagorean theorem or the paradoxes of theory, encountered the circuits of a computer chip, or lived at the borders, it’s just damned hard to be a philosopher. As Roth’s novel American Pastoral suggests (yeah, I know, I hate him too, but sometimes he’s right), if your life is good, if it isn’t punctuated by encounters, you just don’t have much to think about and don’t have any impetus to invent concepts.
So back to Morton. Morton has been on a tear lately, and particularly so with his concept of “hyperobjects”. Often Tim frustrates the hell out of me. Where I strive to be a systematic and deductive thinker, showing how one thing follows from another thing, Tim is a poetic, allegorical, and intuitive thinker. He first gets an image, an intuition, a sort of privileged example, and then begins to embroider around that concept, gradually unfolding it, like origami in reverse, deepening it, and detaching it from its origins and conditions. Tim’s favored method is the poem and the quasi-koan, whereas mine is the geometrical deduction. It literally drives me up the wall– especially the playfulness and happiness of it all (I’m dark and pessimistic) –but the two of us often work quite well together, me feeding off his intuitions and poetic sparks, him, I hope (!), gaining something from my compulsive-obsessive need for deduction and systematicity.
One of the common criticisms of OOO is that it tends to privilege the objects of lived experience, mid-level objects like trees, pomegranates, coffee cups and stars, to the detriment of the very small and the very large. As this criticism runs, OOO thereby confuses objects produced by the synthetic activity of mind, with reality itself. Is there any reason, the criticism goes, to really consider a tree an object? This was already unfair for while, rhetorically, Harman often uses mid-level objects as his favorite example, he is adamant in the claim that objects exist at all levels of scale and that every object is an object wrapped in an object wrapped in an object. In other words, Graham’s mid-level objects are a rhetorical device designed to give us an intuition of withdrawn objects, they are not exhaustive of what objects are.
Enter Morton’s “hyperobjects”. Morton’s hyperobjects are borne of not, as he sometimes suggests, a “conversion” to OOO, but rather an encounter with his object of investigation: ecology. In a recent post, Morton writes:
When you feel raindrops falling on your head, you are experiencing climate, in some sens [sic.]. In particular you are experiencing the climate change known as global warming. But you are never directly experiencing global warming as such. Nowhere in the long list of catastrophic weather events—which will increase as global warming takes off—will you find global warming.
Morton’s encounter with OOO arises from the strangeness of an object like “climate”. Massively distributed in time and space such that they are everywhere and nowhere, objects like climate challenge the Lockean conceit– and I say this with trepidation as my variant of OOO can be described as “Lockean” –that objects are individuated by occupying a particular place in time at a particular place. Rather, hyerobjects are everywhere and nowhere. When we encounter weather, Morton argues or intuits, we are not encountering an object, but rather, to use my vocabulary, a local manifestation of climate. Climate as such, to put, once again, a Derridean spin on it, is forever withdrawn. Climate can be inferred, it can be deduced, it can be “abducted”, but it can’t be encountered. It is radically withdrawn. And, to make matters even stranger, objects that interact with climate are nonetheless independent of climate. Carbon emissions, for example, influence the local manifestations of climate, but are not themselves climate.
Morton’s hyperobjects are thus like our experience of a pool while swimming. Everywhere we are submersed within the pool, everywhere the cool water caresses our body as we move through it, yet we are nonetheless independent of the water. We produce effects in the water like diffraction patterns, causing it to ripple in particular ways, and it produces effects in us, causing our skin to get goosebumps and, if you’re a man, for parts of you to inconveniently shrink, yet the water and the body are nonetheless two objects withdrawn from one another interacting only vicariously.
Understandably, due to his research, Morton is focused on climate, yet, as he argues in The Ecological Thought, the concept of ecology is broader than that of climate. Climate is one object among other objects. What Morton’s concept of hyperobjects opens is the possibility of thinking the fraught interactions of a variety of different hyperobjects such as economy, technospheres (Stiegler), culture, language, and so on, and how they enter into both conflictual relations with one another while also locally manifesting one another in a variety of ways. We get a rich ecological concept of (non)-relations among different objects at all levels of scale without being able to reduce any one object to another. Along the lines of Althusser, we are assisted in thinking the interaction of a variety of different strata in relations of overdetermination, without any sort of reduction. Such is the genesis of a philosophical concept that opens the way to thinking the manner in which concepts are not simply about something but are something, or how concepts too acquire the capacity to act on a world of discrete substances by virtue of being one substance among others. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47014 | God delivers us
When we are being attacked
He gives us safety.
8 Replies to “Safe Haven”
1. God gives us safety and we find it and come closer to Him as we move from one level to another!!
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Mysteries |
Top 10 Scandalous Freemason Secrets
Anonymous . . . Comments
The Freemasons are one of the most secretive and controversial religious groups in the world. Masons have existed for centuries – and if we are to believe their claims, they’ve existed covertly for even longer.
Whatever their history, speculation has always been an enjoyable pastime – and this is especially true in the case of the Masons’ more scandalous secrets. Having passed down traditions and secrets from one generation of initiates to the next, they make it difficult to know what’s outdated and what’s still practiced. Consider these ten masonic activities as provisional facts – we don’t know for sure, but it’s always an interesting exercise to imagine what might be going on behind our backs.
SEE ALSO: 10 Strange Societies You’ve Probably Never Heard Of
They will not testify truthfully against each other
Freemasons are commanded not to testify truthfully when another Mason is on trial. They admit that it may be perjury, but to them, it is a far greater sin to not protect one of their own.
They have a secret handshake
Pope Blair Mason Handshake1
Though some members deny it to the public, the Freemasons have at least one secret masonic handshake. Supposedly, there are even phrases a Freemason can utter when facing grave danger – causing other members to rush to their aid. The founder of Mormonism, Joseph Smith, is said to have uttered this phrase in the last moments before his death.
They have several secret passwords
Masonic French
This is one of the best-known facts about the Masons, but the general perception is that they have just one password. In fact, there are several passwords for various occasions and reasons. As the one person with the final syllable for the ultimate secret word was murdered, they substituted “mor-bon-zi” for this word, and only very few people know the actual secret word. This secret word is used only for ceremonies: “tu-bal-cain” is the more common secret password, on the tip of every Freemason tongue.
Their rituals involve a noose
759933-Noose Lg 716525 Large
The initiation rituals- though described by Masons as beautiful ceremonies – include a noose. It’s hard to tell whether this is meant as a threat, a call to maintain silence, or simply as the symbol of an umbilical cord (as they claim), but in any case, it’s unusual enough to warrant a mention.
They’re obsessed with the sun
Freemasons believe that the east symbolizes rebirth. They sing the sun in its flight – marvelling at its passage through the sky. Masonic lodges tend to be built in the east and in the west, as an attempt to control solar power for their own purposes.
Masons exclude atheists
It’s impossible to become a Freemason if you’re an atheist. The first requirement is that potential members must believe in a higher power of some sort. They claim not to care what higher power that is, but you must define it for yourself. You can lie about it, but religion seems to be a point of honor among them. On the other hand, traditionally excluded groups – such as gay men – are included in Masonry, so long as they behave in the same moral manner as other groups. The temple still excludes women, but some groups are currently challenging that fact.
Put it on in secret; wear it in public. Hide in plain sight with this snazzy Eye of Providence T-Shirt at!
They work to control politics and finance in various countries
The official corruption of Masonry is well-documented, but often covered up. Half a million Masons in England are disproportionately involved in banking, politics, and government. Even hospitals and universities are often controlled by the Masons.
Their symbol is on the dollar bill
Dollar Ase
If you’ve ever looked closely at the US dollar bill, you’ve probably seen the All-Seeing Eye above the pyramid. This symbol is a Freemason symbol, and the Latin underneath is a Freemason motto, meaning “new world order”. Many say that the decision to include this masonic symbol was not influenced by Freemasons – Benjamin Franklin being the only Mason on the design committee – but the coincidence remains fascinating all the same.
Anders Breivik was a Mason
Breivik 2194965B
Breivik – responsible for the 2011 mass murder in Norway – was a member of the Lodge of St. Olaf in Oslo. He was promptly excluded – but his degree of involvement within the organization is open for debate.
Masons played a key role in space exploration
Buzz Aldrin 01
Some say that Masons have an agenda to take over the world – but some Masons seem to have their sights set on the moon. Astronauts in the Apollo program – including Buzz Aldrin – were self-professed Masons. Their rite flags have been to the moon and back, and Aldrin seems to have claimed the moon for his Masonic lodge in Texas.
Some of these strange and scandalous secrets of the Freemasons are obviously urban legends, and should be taken with a grain of salt; but others seem to contain a degree of truth. One thing’s for certain – Masonry is by no means an outdated cult. It still has many active members who seem to be working for some purpose – even if we can’t all agree on what that is. |
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Weird Stuff |
10 Shocking Pieces Of Erotic Art From The Ancient World
Ben Gazur . . . Comments
When we picture the ancient world, it is often an idealized society we conjure up. In this serene Golden age intellectuals wandered about in clean streets surrounded by elegant and gleaming white statues. In fact the ancient world was often dirty, smelly, and noisy. Many of the white sculptures in museums today were originally painted in gaudy colors as you can see on our list of Top 10 Color Classical Reproductions.
When artefacts were excavated in the past they were often suppressed if they did not fit the cultivated image people had of the ancient world. It can therefore be a shock when we are confronted with the naughty, erotic, or frankly bizarre sexual imagery that our ancestors reveled in. Here are ten of the most shocking pieces of erotic art from the deep past.
SEE ALSO: 10 Sex Myths We All Believe
10 Ain Sakhri Lovers
Ain Sakhri
The oldest image we have of two people having intercourse comes from 11,000 years ago. Currently held in the British Museum, the Ain Sakhri Lovers were discovered in a cave near Bethlehem. The 10cm tall statue is thought to come from the Natufian Culture of the ancient middle east. While at first it merely looks like a crude piece of carving it is in fact a clever work of art.
The person who created the Lovers used a stone tool to pick out the details. When viewed from the side it is unmistakably a pair with their legs wrapped around each other during sex. But without facial features on either figure it gives their heads a somewhat phallic appearance. This resemblance to a penis continues if the statue is turned sideways. From different angles the Lovers can also appear as a pair of breasts or dangling testicles.
What the Lovers was originally intended for is unknown. As with any archaeological find it may well have had a ritual meaning, but it is also possible that our ancestors were like us and simply preferred their porn 3D.
9 Pompeii Brothel Pictures
Brothel Pompeii
Pompeii was a cosmopolitan port. From the graffiti found in the ruins of the town we know that visitors were speaking a variety of languages from Latin to Greek to Oscan and maybe Hebrew. With potential language barriers popping up how then was a prostitute to earn her living?
When Vesuvius erupted it both destroyed and preserved Pompeii. Excavations have revealed exactly what Roman towns were like and one of the entertainments offered in Pompeii was a trip to a brothel. In the Lupinare, one of Pompeii’s pleasure houses, were a series of wall paintings showing couples in various sexual positions. It is thought that these images were used as a sort of sexual menu telling punters exactly what was on offer, in much the same way a picture of a hamburger helps a foreign tourist order in a restaurant.
8 Min
Egyptian God Min
To describe something as ithyphallic is to say it has an erect penis. If you know anything about the Egyptian god Min it is that he is ithyphallic – his statues will not let you forget that fact.
Min, an early god known as ‘the maker of gods and men,’ was among the first Egyptian deities to have large statues raised to them. Those statues did not attempt to hide his anatomy. He is often shown holding his penis in his left hand. At his cultic sites his sacred animal was usually a bull – animals known for their virility. When Min was linked to the constellation Orion the three famous stars in Orion’s midriff were definitely not representing a belt.
Min was associated with a type of wild lettuce that when cut produces a thick, white sap. Some archaeologists have made claims about just what this sticky white fluid could have brought to the Egyptian mind.
7 Priapus
Having a big penis is generally thought to be lucky. For the Greeks and Romans however a large phallus was not only lucky in itself it was also a bringer of luck. Carvings of penises have been found at many ancient sites and one figure of mythology is particularly associated with them. Priapus is a fertility deity with a (to us) comically large penis who was thought to be helpful in farming, gardens, and anything you might consider using a penis for.
Pompeii once again offers a great view of how sex was seen in the ancient world. Paintings and statues of Priapus are found all over the city. One famous fresco of Priapus shows him weighing his penis against a bag of gold, perhaps hinting at a role in business as well.
Statues of the god often show him holding fruit in his robe which is lifted to reveal his erect penis beneath. We cannot be sure how exactly the Greeks and Romans viewed these images. Were they viewed with reverence or laughter? Perhaps the two were not separate things back then. Bear that in mind the next time someone laughs at your anatomy.
6 Herms
Ancient Greek Herma
Herms in ancient Greece were a unique style of statuary. On top of a square pillar sat the head of either a human or a god. This much is fairly standard but around half way down the pillar was carved a set of male genitalia.
The god Hermes was often the deity shown on a herm and he had a role in protecting borders and warding off thieves. It is thought that herms acted as guards in both private and public settings, as well as being general good luck charms. When the herms were attacked it was an attack on the whole city.
In 415 BC the city of Athens awoke to find its herms had all been mutilated. A gang had torn through the streets during the night vandalizing them – probably by smashing off their penises. Suspicion for this sacrilegious act fell on the statesman Alcibiades and led to his downfall and banishment from the city. Luckily for him the law of “an eye for an eye” was not yet in vogue.
5 Tintinnabula
The penis was a lucky charm for the Romans but so were bells. It, therefore, made sense for them to hang bells from a phallus to increase the power of these charms. Called tintinnabula these wind chimes were hung from doorways and in gardens to ward off evil spirits. But simply mixing two charms together was not enough for the Romans.
Some tintinnabula are a complex mix of imagery. The central figure might be an erect phallus with wings and a lion’s tail. This flying phallus might also be sporting an erect phallus of its own. Hanging from these conjoined penises could be bells or even other phalluses, with yet more bells attached.
4 Warren Cup
Warren Cup
The Warren Cup, bought by the British Museum in 1999, is one of the finest pieces of Roman silver work in existence. It is also one of the most pornographic. Usually dated to the 1st century after the birth of Christ, the silver drinking vessel shows four figures in a heavily decorated room surrounded by musical instruments. These signs of luxury are not what catch the eye, however.
On one side a pair of youthful men (“twinks”) are shown making love while on the other a young man or boy lowers himself into the lap of his older, bearded lover (or “daddy” in modern parlance). As if to underline our own role as voyeurs a fifth figure can just be seen peeping at the copulating couples from around the edge of a door.
To show just how far tastes can change the Warren cup was refused entry into the United States in 1953 because the imagery on it was just too shocking.
3 Sheela na gig
Sheela Na Gig
When PJ Harvey sang a song called Sheela Na Gig, some listeners may not have understood what she may have been singing about. The lyrics include lines like:
“Sheela-na-gig, Sheela-na-gig
You exhibitionist
Put money in your idle hole”
So what is are sheela-na-gigs? They are statues with exaggerated vulvas that they are gleefully opening up to the world. They are often found on churches, which seems like the last place you would find an exhibitionist female statue. Most commonly found in Ireland and Britain sheela na gig-like sculptures can also be found in mainland Europe. When they appear on churches they are usually positioned over doorways or windows. It is as if the portal being opened by the statue is mirrored in the one below.
No one knows exactly why these sculptures began appearing in the 11th century or what their purpose was. The best guess is that like other erotic figures they were used to ward off evil spirits and to keep them from entering the church, perhaps by offering a more tempting place for spirits to enter.
2 Babylonian copulating couples
Freud said “Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.” When it comes to erotic art sometimes porn is just porn. This may be the case with the copulating couples of ancient Mesopotamia. From across millennia and locations in the middle east plaques and statues have emerged from the sands which show nothing other than couples in various acrobatic poses.
Two famous plaques from Iraq that are nearly 4000-years-old are illustrative. One shows a man taking a woman from behind, apparently to the satisfaction of both. The other shows a couple in a similar position but with the pair taking a break from their exertions to have a refreshing drink. The lady sips up thick Babylonian beer through a straw while the man drinks from a cup. It has been theorized that these different drinking styles may relate to male and female oral sex.
Here may be an example of a simple joyous reaction to sex from the ancient world untainted by any spiritual meaning. For the Mesopotamians it seems that sex was just sex and not something to be ashamed of. For us modern readers, however, it is absolutely shocking to see such a perverse and unashamed promotion of drinking straws.
1 Pan having sex with a goat
When an excavation in 1752 at Herculaneum (the other Roman town buried by the Vesuvius eruption) revealed a statue of the god Pan, the discoverers were left in a quandary. What do you do with a sculpture that plainly shows the half-human, half-goat deity penetrating a she-goat? One early viewer wrote home to say that the depiction was too indecent to describe and suggested that it should be tossed back into the volcano.
Instead the sculpture was placed in a collection of other pieces of erotic art from the ancient Roman sites that could only be accessed by getting the permission of the King of Naples. Or by bribing a guard. Women were banned entirely from viewing the objects.
For those desperate to see what all the fuss was about prints and drawings of the statue became available. The sculptor Joseph Nollekens created a terracotta copy from memory. Today however anyone paying the entrance fee to the Archaeological Museum in Naples can see it among the other artefacts in the ‘Secret Cabinet’ of ancient artworks once considered too filthy for the public. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47039 | On November 9 former Poet Laureate (US) Ted Kooser read to a full house at Windward Community College’s Paliku Theatre in Kaneohe, Hawai`i. Despite an earlier reading on the 6th at UH Manoa, the college still had to provide room in an adjacent classroom for latecomers to view the reading via video link.
Kooser’s verse is in many ways “everyman’s” poetry, and no less powerful for it; the event reflected this accessibility, from audience to organizers. But a belabored introduction, spoken slowly and deliberately as if it were also a performance, would have confirmed any poetry skeptic’s assumptions about such events, down to the audience being asked to contemplate What is poetry? on a worksheet but as if it were an avant-garde inquiry for an audience there presumably because they know what it is to them, and being cautioned about the death of poetry in schools since Bush’s “No Child Left Behind” legislation, pronounced with dramatic pause and punctuated by gasps from an over-gracious audience. It’s not the message but the delivery that transformed the venue into a yellowing kitchen where a group of grandmothers sat clucking over their knitting, instead of into a space of authentic communication bent on addressing issues and sparking action and change.
Reading from a podium, amidst a comical forest of palms, it appeared as if Kooser were peering out from the forest to speak. The stage had been “decorated” with fourteen palm and one money tree, still in black plastic pots with price stickers on them. Again, it wasn’t the foliage that was offensive, but their overzealous arrangement.
Though he claims to be shy, throughout the reading Kooser lapped up the spotlight, reading confidently and chatting folksily, providing anecdotes in between vocalizations of poetry and prose, mainly about rural life in Nebraska. The adoring audience laughed copiously, and at the end asked many questions, including the perhaps obligatory “Does being in Hawai`i inspire you to write about it?” (the answer, in short, was not really).
Afterward he agreed to sign copies of his books for purchase. It is there that the folksy approachability evinced on stage disappeared in favor of a business-like Kooser bent on the dutiful signing he had promised—no chatting or connection to his readers would get in the way. The “everyman” poet of the people, for the rest of the night, was hermetically sealed. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47070 | 2,054,160 Pages
Prayer (Skit)
This song is by DMX and appears on the album It's Dark And Hell Is Hot (1998).
I come to you weak, you give strength and that's deep
You called me a sheep, and lead me to green pastures
Only asking that I keep the focus, in between the chapters
You give me the word, and only ask I interpret
And give me the eyes, that I can recognize the serpent
You know I ain't perfect, but you'd like me to try
Unlike the devil who just wants me to lie, till I die
Lord why is it that, I go through so much pain
All I saw was black, and all I felt was rain
I come to you because it's, you who knows
You showed me that everything is black, because my eyes were closed
You gave me the light, and let me bask in your glory
So it was only right, that when you asked for this story
I put together, to do our dogs some good
Our dogs being, brothers and sisters in the hood
Plenty of times you sent help my way, but I hid
And I remember once you held me close, but I slid
There was something that, I just had to see
That you wanted me to see, so I can be what you wanted me to be
And I think I've seen it, 'cause I don't feel the same
Matter of fact I know I have seen it, I can feel the change
And it's strange, almost got me beating down your door
But I've never known love, like this before
It's a wonderful feeling, to get away from the pain
And up under the ceiling, I get away from the rain
And the strain that I feel when I'm here, is gone
I know real so I wipe away the tears, with a song
And I almost lost faith, when you when you took my man
Monty, Paso, and Jay's brother Dan
And I fear that what I saying, won't be heard until I'm gone
Give me pain till I die, but please lord treat him right
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47080 | Moribund Art
This is, unfortunately, an incomplete gallery. In the future I hope to remedy this, but in the meantime you can find the most complete body of work either at my blog or deviantART gallery. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47089 | Paul Levy
From SourceWatch
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Paul Levy, M.D. (Epidemiologist, U of Illinois-Chicago, Industry Expert)
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47096 | This news hits me in the old jugular
Redskins primary logo 1972-1981, 1983-present
Redskins primary logo 1972-1981, 1983-present (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Robert Griffin III’s quarterback guru, Terry Shea, was stunned to hear Griffin had been benched in favor of backup Kirk Cousins
and rendered inactive for the rest of the season. “This news hits me right in the old jugular.” This is a mash up of “hit me in the gut” (surprising news) and “go for the jugular” (strike quickly and immediately). I think perhaps the speaker was also thinking of “the old one-two” (two quick punches) as I cant think of anything else where “old” would sneak in there. Thoughts anyone? Thanks to John Costello for sending this one in. You can read the malaphor in its entire context below: |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47110 | 1. Advertising
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47138 | The Ships of the Line calendar for 2011.
The USS Enterprise-A is entering a space dock. In the background, there is the USS Excelsior and an unnamed Miranda class starship. This image is later animated for drex-tv01. In the animation, the animator added a second Miranda-class starship and a Valley Forge type starship. This new class is seen later in the calendar.
The USS Enterprise is traveling past an asteroid.
The USS Kelvin (NCC-0514) is passing through a planetary system.
A Romulan starship of a new class is in fleet maneuvers with two D'deridex class warbirds.
• April: High Voltage Paint Scraper, by deg
In the 2260s, the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) engages a D7 class battlecruiser.
In 2285, the USS Enterprise is firing phasers at the commandeered USS Reliant (NCC-1864).
The alternate reality USS Enterprise is leaving spacedock in orbit of Earth. The starships USS Mayflower (NCC-1621), USS Armstrong (NCC-1769), and the USS Newton (NCC-1727) are docked at one of the hubs.
The Enterprise (NX-01) is shown in top, bottom, front, rear, side, and an angled view. Text for this ship explains the refit. For the second ship, there is a close-up of the components of the starship and a side view. Text for this early Enterprise explains the ship's importance.
• July: Klingon Repair Dock - Licking Her Wounds, by Dave Morton
A Klingon bird-of-prey of the 22nd century is undergoing repairs in a drydock.
The wrecked USS Constellation (NCC-1017) is shown adrift in an asteroid field. This image is from the episode "The Doomsday Machine".
The refitted Enterprise prepares to leave drydock.
The shuttlecraft Galileo is on approach to the starship Enterprise. This image is from the episode "Journey to Babel".
A fleet of eight Starfleet starships engages an unidentified enemy in an unnamed planetary system in the late 23rd century. The armada consisted of the Constitution class USS Enterprise-A, two John Glenn type ships (the USS John Glenn and the NCC-2001), two Sun Tzu type ships (the USS Sun Tzu and an unidentified sister ship), two Valley Forge type ships (the USS Valley Forge-A and the NCC-1878-A) and an unidentified ship of unknown class.
Sometime after the events in Star Trek: Nemesis, the Argo is seen on approach from a perspective within the USS Enterprise-E's main shuttlebay. Suspended from the ceiling of the bay, there are four McCall-class fighters: (the McCall, the Yeager, the Siouxsie, and the Edwards). Across from the fighters, there are four Type-11 shuttlecraft, including the Galileo.
Ships of the Line calendars
Calendars 2001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019
Book Ships of the Line
Artists Dennis BaileyJay BartonPetri BlomquistMatt BoardmanRobert BonchuneAndrew BradburySteve BurgEric ChauvinDavid CombeCorbisAurore De BloisJenny DeSalleDaren DochtermanDoug DrexlerPierre DroletJohn EavesLeonard A. EmeryChris FordFoundation ImagingCraig FreyMax GablDavid Gian-CursioDouglas E. GravesJohn HanRobert HeckadonJim HibbertDon HillenbrandRobert HolmesGary HutzelIndustrial Light & MagicSean JacksonMark KingsnorthGabriel KoernerBill KrauseKoji KuramuraAdam LebowitzDavid LombardiChris MartinBrian McMahonMeniColin MorellaDavid MortonMichael MurrayMike MyersGary O'BrienMichael OkudaDax PandhiJosé PerezD. M. PhoenixFred PienkosAndrew ProbertMark RademakerThomas RaubeMax RemTobias RichterAli RiesAlain RivardSean ScottShroxRichard SmithMichael StetsonGregory StewartLee StringerJeff SummersJohn TeskaRobert ThompsonKyle ToucherDan UyenoShawn WeixelmanSteffen WiesenerRobert WildeBob WitkowskiMichael WileyNiel WrayMichael Yager
External linkEdit
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47142 | When you visit a link to join the company and Associate your profile with that company, the icon with a tick mark between profile photo and company image - is broken.
This appears to have since been addressed, as I can't reproduce it in Chrome, Firefox or Edge in Windows 10, and my teammate is unable to reproduce on Chrome or Safari in OSX. If you're still seeing the issue, please update your report to include which browser and OS you are using.
note: if you want to try reproducing, you can remove yourself from the company page by going to your preferences and clicking "Revoke permission". Then, ask the company page admin to re-invite you.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47147 | The American Historical Review’s Nonsense
Today, I received the latest American Historical Review in the mail.
Just try to make sense of the abstract of one of it’s featured articles:
In “History in the Dungeon: Atlantic Slavery and the Spirit of Capitalism in Cape Coast Castle, Ghana,” Andrew Apter focuses on a West African spirit, Nan Tabir, a coastal diety associated with Cape Coast Castle and Atlantic slavery in Ghana. His goal is to examine Tabir’s history less as a record of objective documentation than as a generative locus of insights into the past – in this case, of Afro-European encounters associated with the rise of the Atlantic economy and the development of Cape Coast government and society.”
Let me stop right there before I continue with the rest of the abstract. The last sentence was written in the third person – “His goal” , “he”, “Andrew Apter” does such and such. There is no way, however, that this sentence could be written by someone else other than Andrew Apter. Why do I say this? Look at the specific, convoluted language. Do you think another person would read Apter’s article and then summarize it in such terms? Who speaks like this: with terms like “generative locus” and phrases structured like “less a this, more of a that”? Certainly not someone who is trying to make the article understandable to others reading the abstract. What does it even mean to examine something as a “generative locus of insights into the past?” To learn stuff? And what the hell is “Cape Coast Castle?” Aren’t we taught to describe terms that are unfamiliar to the majority of even educated readers?
The abstract continues:
“Tabir epitomizes a range of African coastal “festishes,” extending from Senegambia to Luanda, that register European contract and trading relations in their ritual iconographies and forms of spirit possession.”
I have no idea what this means.
What are “fetishes” here, and why is the term in quotes? These fetishes are registering Europoean contact in forms of spirit possession? What?
Ok, maybe if I read on, it will make more sense.
“What distinguishes Tabir within the growing literature on the historicity of such ritual archives, however, is the depth of European documentation going back to 1601.”
There is a growing literature on the historicity of ritual archives? Oh my.
The depth of European documentation (of Tabir?) I presume, is greater than the depth of European documentation of other ritual archives? But what the hell is a ritual archive?
“Tabir may look like an invented tradition “customized” for tourists but he has been around for centuries, changing forms and places, sacralizing spaces, and shaping pathways of ritual reciprocity to empower chiefs and devotees.”
He? Oh, okay, this is a male diety named Tabir. Does the author actually think Tabir does these things? He believes in Tabir, the god of archival fetishes? What is going on?
“His history is less a story to be told than a past that he both mystifies and evokes: a past of migration and settlement, gold and slaves, coastal military companies, and the making of a creole culture through the mimetic appropriation of European signs.”
That’s how it ends. I still don’t really know what this is about, but its in a top journal, so it must be good, right? Right?
Let me summarize my feelings about this article using the style of the author:
“This article is less a history to be read, than a blob of text to be awed over, both for its use of extenuating phrases and obtuse “vocabulary”, and colonization, and Europeans, and Africa, and…um…oh yes…the making of the modern world. Also, archival fetishes mimeticize the appropriation of the not so much the past, but also the history of how sacralizing occurs.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47158 | Written by Emily Eng
Charissa Guan, Anneliese Quek and Chan Jia En had much to say about the soon-to-be implemented Careshield Life Scheme- and they made their voices clear. They took to an online petition, which garnered 1,600 signatures the day after it went live, to appeal for a revision of the higher premiums charged to women in the long-term disability insurance. They want women and men to pay equal premiums.
However, Senior Minister of State Doctor Amy Khor has expressed that in actuarial terms, the higher premiums were justified as women tend to live longer and their chances of developing illnesses in their later years outweigh that of males. Parliament appears split, with 12 out of 19 of the MPs who spoke on the issue being against the higher premiums. In the coverage by Today, it was also debated that men do sometimes pay more for insurance, such as for car insurance and other life insurance policies.
In spite of this, the rallying cry of the women behind this movement remains strong still. Many argue that women in Singapore generally make less money than their male counterparts, and often have less Central Provident Fund (CPF) savings as many are home-makers and do not work.
What about this?
Perhaps a key thing to remember in this issue is that this insurance policy is a government initiative, and citizens expect government-led programs to be gender agnostic. Regardless men or women, Singaporeans should be taken care of equally, and there is an expectation that the government will take into account more than just actuarial justifications in their pricing of insurance schemes.
If there is anything heartening in the issue, it is that Singaporeans are increasingly voicing out in response to policies. As some people have pointed out, the debate is healthy because it forces us to think about each other.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47192 | Saturday, November 28, 2015
Why is cumulative CO2 Airborne Fraction nearly constant?.
Cumulative plotting
People usually discuss airborne fraction as a ratio of annual increment of mass of CO2 in air to the increment injected. For example, the AR4 shows Fig 7.4.1:
On that basis, there are papers here and here, which suggest the fraction may be increasing.
I think that method of calculation loses information about the CO2 buildup. Ppmv CO2 is measured as a succession of states. The differences by year are quite noisy, but the noise cancels. When you measure the state in 2015, that is unaffected by noise in previous measures. With cumulative emissions, this is not true. Noise in annual emissions accumulates, with no corrective state measure.
The conventional AF uses the annual differences of CO2 ppm, and loses the benefits of stabilizing state measure. It might be said that this does not matter so much, because it is divided by emissions, which don't have a state measure. But emissions are, or should be, more accurately determined. They are economic statistics, compiled by an army of accountants.
Exponential emissions
I'll be talking more about the exponential increase in emissions. The usual way to illustrate that is with a log plot. Here are the cumulative total emissions as a function of time, up to 2011:
It's very close to exponential from about 1930 onward, with doubling time 22 years. So the annual increments must follow a similar exponential, with more noise. One might ask - should I have plotted the increments. I don't think so - I'll be using integrals of the emission rate.
Steady observed airborne fraction
So I'll show the more stable measure. But first I note that there are actually two airborne fractions quoted. One is the ratio of CO2 in air to total emissions, including land use. This comes to about 0.44. The other is the ratio to fossil fuel (and cement) emissions alone, which is about 0.55. I plotted both here, and both arre stable; I'll refer to the total emissions in this post. The plot showing stability is here:
I have tracked the cumulative emissions from about 180 to 530 Gtons. If you go back to early times, the line does start to waver.
Linearity and superposition.
I discussed the application of the Bern model here. That model supposes a impulse response function (IRF), and that is the basis for my theory here. The idea of an IRF is that each puff of CO2 emitted has a time course in the atmosphere, which is the same for puffs emitted at different times (relative to emission), and the different puffs to not interfere with each other. These are widely applicable assumptions, and depend little on the detail of the absorption mechanism. The practical consequence is that you can represent the CO2 in the air at any time as the added effect of all the puffs:
M(t) = ∫ E(t-τ) F(τ) dτ
where E is the emission rate, F the IRF, M the mass of CO2, and the integral goes from -∞ to 0. It says that if E(t-τ) dτ was emitted time τ ago, a fraction F(τ will now remain, and the total is the sum of these fractions.
Airborne fraction invariance
So suppose exponential growth E(t)=a*exp(b*t). Then
M(t) = a*∫ exp(b*(t-τ)) F(τ) dτ= a*exp(b*t)∫ exp(-b*τ) F(τ) dτ ...again, the integral goes from -∞ to 0
Now the integral does not depend on t. The denominator of the airborne fraction is just the same expression with F=1 - ie as if no decay happened at all. Then for all t, the ratio is
AF = ∫ exp(-b*τ) F(τ) dτ/∫ exp(-b*τ) dτ = b*∫ exp(-b*τ) F(τ) dτ
This is actually just minus the Laplace Transform of the derivative of F at b. But it is independent of t, for any (reasonable) F.
Airborne fraction if emissions growth is not exponential
Well, first as seen above, it actually isn't really exponential before about 1930. But these are integrals - that part of the curve makes in modern times a very small contribution. But what if it changed in future?
Suppose emissions slowed. You'd expect that with more time to be absorbed, the AF would diminish. In terms of these integrals, we have the laplace transform of a diminishing function F divided by the transform of 1. Both will increase, but the transform of 1 will rise faster (behaviour at ∞) so again, the AF will diminish. Emissions rising faster than the current exponential would see the AF increase.
The paper of Knorr cited above, and some others, suggest the AF may be increasing. If so, this would be because of a divergence from linearity, probably caused by saturation of sinks. This is worrying from an AGW point of view; the relatively low AF has been a mitigator. But there is no sign of an increase in the cumulative plots.
1. One minor note: in your previous post about the Bern model, you weren't really discussing the Bern model, but rather the approximation to the Bern model. The Bern model itself is a more complex box-model approach to the carbon cycle (see, for example, this 1996 description:
But yes, I agree that the relatively constant AF is not a physical feature of the earth system, but rather a coincidence based on having an emissions growth that is just fast enough. I believe that for AR5, there was more discussion of the AF in the proposed draft, but after some critiques, the discussion was pared down in the final version (correctly, in my opinion)
1. Yes, I agree that I was really dealing with an impulse response function extracted from the Bern Model. It enabled me to investigate whether the invariance of AF held there.
2. Nick, I did the Green's function (i.e. impulse response) approach for CO2 sequestration a few years ago, already published here
Physicists quickly recognize that the Bern Model is just an approximation to to the solution to the diffusion equation. And to simplify the math, superstatistics or MaxEnt is applied to model the various diffusional pathways.
So the math that I have is an analytical closed-form solution to a "box" diffusion model that can normally only be calculated numerically.
And of course, since it is also diffusion, this approach can be used to model thermal uptake in the ocean
Climate science is lagging in being able to model the physics via these simplified formulations.
3. Paul,
I think you're referring to about p 594 in your book. Unfortunately, for me that was in the not visible part. I did see some later convolution treatment.
And yes, that's the basis of Bern model. I'm mainly focussing here on the particular property that exponential rise of emissions implies steady AF.
4. The book is located elsewhere. Yes paginated 594 or page 604 of the PDF file:
Steady air-borne fraction is a result of the random walk diffusion, which is a kinetic process.
5. Paul,
Thanks, I read it. Dispersion in the sea is a diffusive process, but there isn't just one D - it's highly variable with space. And the land sink isn't obviously subject to a diffusion equation. The thing about exponentials (Bern) is that they provide fairly simple basis functions for representing a diminishing IRF. Error functions would do much the same.
What I'm trying to show here is that the apparent constancy results not from the form of the IRF - diffusive or whatever, but the form of the emissions rise (exponential).
6. Bravo, Nick! An elegant and concise explanation of the rather surprising observation of a constant AF over recent decades.
7. "Dispersion in the sea is a diffusive process, but there isn't just one D - it's highly variable with space. "
That's why I call it Dispersive Diffusion -- a range of D values are incorporated in my model. Because of this explicitly modeled range of values, it works much better than what is currently available. Yes, you can say that D varies spatially, but that's a second-order effect compared to incorporating the variability in D at all.
The beauty is that the variability is set via the MaxEnt principle, which provides maximum uncertainty given that all that is known is the overall mean diffusivity D.
All the rest of what you are doing is also in the book, because that is what an impulse response function is typically used for -- the impulse is convolved with the forcing function, in this case carbon emissions. The result is used to determine the sequestered amount and the airborne amount. I am not sure why you didn't use the term convolution when you are describing this in your mathematics. The term is certainly widely known as you can Google "convolution" "co2" "sequestration" and see what others have done before. The new thing is having a simple yet expressively powerful impulse response function, which is what I pitched in.
2. Interesting. What about the issue that the ability of the ocean to uptake CO2 decreases at higher temperature and at higher CO2 concentrations, and also whether or not we'll see a decrease in the ability of the biosphere to continue taking up the same fraction of the CO2? I thought there were nutrient issues with the uptake of CO2 by the biosphere?
1. ATTP,
My contention here is that constant AF follows from a time-invriant linear transfer function and an exponential driver (emissions). To some extent, temperature reducing CO2 solubility would have a component that is just folded into the apparent response function. But yes, any non-linear effect of that, or biosphere response, could cause a variation in AF, even with exponential emissions.
Chemical reaction is also potentially non-linear. Most CO2 reacts to form a carbonate species, but as long as the carbonates are in excess, so have little proportional change, it just works as an apparent increased solubility. But if CO3-- gets significantly depleted, that would have non-linear effect.
3. Nick,
I have come to the conclusion that if emissions were held constant for 30 years then the airborne fraction would reduce to aero. In other words if the world held emissions constant at say 30GT CO2/y then sinks would increase to balance emissions. Thereafter CO2 levels would remain at say 450ppm indefinitely so long as emissions remained constant.
I claim that after stabilisation of emissions, carbon sinks would follow a (1/2)^n increase until balance is reached, where n = 1-10years. Yes we would be stuck with CO2 at 450ppm indefinitely and say 2C warming, at least until we found another energy source.
1. Clive,
I guess you're referring to your post here. Well, I agree, as in this post, that it is AF is dynamic, and if emissions stabilise, it would go down. And yes, at some stage, if the sinks were infinite (really, of zero impedance), it could go to zero. But that is a big assumption.
2. Thanks Nick,
Under long enough time scales the sinks are infinite. You only have to look at Limestone mountains to see that. However it may buy us enough time to fix the energy problem properly. Short term ocean acidification in the surface zone is another problem, but mixing with deep ocean is faster than people think.
4. Clive, the problem with the CO2 emissions is that for the sum of atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere there is almost no sink at all.
So the current 'sink' from perspective of the atmosphere is only a redistribution of the carbon from the atmosphere to the ocean and the biosphere.
If one wish to stabilize the atmospheric CO2 level, there is the need to stabilize the sum of the carbon content of atmosphere, ocean and biosphere too.
If one wish to stabilize the atmospheric CO2 level at about 450 ppm, there must be an emission equal to the increase of the small sink of the sum of atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere compared to the natural level. Then the carbon content of the atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere will remain constant indefinitely and the atmospheric CO2 level will remain constant too (except for a redistribution between atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere). The CO2 emissions needed to hold the carbon content of the atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere and the atmospheric CO2 level constant at about 450 ppm is 0.078 GT CO2/yr.
A constant emission at 30 GT CO2/yr would lead to a continuous rising of the sum of the carbon content of the atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere and the atmospheric CO2 level until we ran out of fossil fuels or atmospheric oxygen (depending on the size of the remaining fossil fuels, atmospheric oxygen content is well known).
1. Uli,
What your saying is that the only long term sink of the combined atmosphere-ocean-biosphere is the slow accumulation of sediments on the ocean floor. These come from rock weathering and phytoplankton etc. But even these are not sinks for ever as slowly sedimentary rock gets swept down subduction zones to emit CO2 to the atmosphere again in Volcanoes and mid ocean expansion zones.
What I am talking about is just the rebalancing of anthropogenic CO2 between ocean atmosphere and biosphere. What we are doing is bad but not catastrophic. Super-volcanoes were probably far worse but the carbon cycle coped and so it will this time.
To avoid making matters worse we have to fix emissions so that the natural rebalancing has a chance to work.
2. Have to at least listen to what Clive says. Can't help but point out that the Bern model is a crude heuristic -- especially in terms of not being able to describe what should be a rather obvious dispersive diffusional model of CO2 sequestering.
I can't help the fact that I did detailed dopant diffusion models while I worked at IBM Watson and so can easily understand how the Bern model is a heuristic stab at the real thing.
As far as inferring long-term implications, I don't really think I should until the scientists start producing a better statistical physics-based impulse response (i.e. Green's function) than the junk Bern model. No one in the semiconductor industry would ever use a diffusional model that crudely constructed.
3. Clive, the slow accumulation of sediments and the burial of organic carbon too. And yes they are not forever but for a very long time, but many millions of years as the age of these sediments shows.
I think your (1/2)^n assumption is wrong, because is neglects the increase of the carbon content in the sink.
Think about what would happen if we not hold the emissions constant at current level, but would reduce it in less than one year to the level of the current atmospheric sinks (to about 17-18 GT CO2/yr) and held it at this rate constant indefinitely.
The rise of the atmospheric carbon content, and therefor the rise of the CO2 level would come to a sudden stop, because the emissions and sinks where equal. But it does not come to a steady state for ever. The carbon content of the sinks will continue to increase. And so will partial pressure difference between the atmosphere and the sink, which ensures the uptake of the sink, decrease, because the partial pressure of CO2 in the atmosphere is constant for a while, but the lower partial pressure in the sink increases due to the continued carbon uptake of the sink. As the uptake of the sinks from the atmosphere decrease, we would either need to lower the emissions further to hold the atmospheric CO2 level constant, or the atmospheric CO2 level starts to increase again.
So a stabilization of the atmospheric carbon content needs a stabilization of the ocean carbon content too.
You can also think about what would happen, if we would the emit the whole CO2 not to the atmosphere but to the ocean. How would the carbon content of the ocean and the atmosphere change then?
@whut, I think the main question for the long term is: How does the equilibrium distribution of the carbon content of the atmosphere, ocean and biosphere change, when the total carbon content of the atmosphere, ocean and biosphere changes?
5. So suppose exponential growth E(t)=a*exp(b*t).
This is an elegant demonstration why AF is nearly constant. Neat.
Now if we estimate E(t) as about 2% per year growth and assume F(τ) is a single exponential decay doesn't this allow an empirical estimation of the time constant of F(τ) ?
ie the residence time of CO2 in the atmosphere?
regards, Greg.
1. 2% doubles in 35 and gives b=50y unless I'm mistaken.
AF = b*∫ exp(-b*τ) F(τ) dτ
F(τ)= exp(-b2*τ) is now soluable, no?
2. Greg,
Thanks. b there would be 1/50. But yes, as you've posed it, AF=b/(b+b2) which is easily solved.
I did a calc here (see earlier comment, of which this is correction). It gives AF=.488, but ATTP downthread showed that with AR5 numbers it is about 0.56. Which is right for total emissions (incl land use). I guess that's no surprise; the Bern model would have been constructed to get that right.
3. Sorry, it was Clive with the AR5 numbers.
4. Goodman is another one of those dudes that apparently hasn't been trained in physics. Diffusion gives a fat-tail response so you can't use a damped exponential as an impulse response function.
All this was discussed up-thread last year.
But better yet. Here is a simple explanation for the value of 0.5. Diffusion is a random walk model. CO2 sequestration is a 1-D random walk of molecules into the ocean. Once a CO2 molecule enters the ocean, it has a 50% chance of going deeper and a 50% chance of popping back out. That's 50% = 0.5. Nuff said. Or set up a detailed slab calculation and you will find the same thing. Why do people make this so hard?
5. "I guess that's no surprise; the Bern model would have been constructed to get that right."
I thought that the Bern model was semi-empirical based on trace element studies.
Indeed it does look like the multiple parameters ( seven ) of the Bern model have been retweaked since AR4. This is typically the problem with climatology: too many poorly constrained variables and unrealistic claims of certainty about the resulting values.
I don't see how we can have much confidence in a0 and the "179y" parameters on the basis of the length of evidence available. Sadly they are the ones which are the most important for estimating how long CO2 will remain in the atmosphere and what the effects of any particular emissions scenario will be.
6. The idea is a mix of diffusivities. I have one way to solve this but there are others -- Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion: from superstatistics to subordination of diffusing diffusivities
To do earth sciences effectively you have to know when to apply stochastic models and when to apply deterministic models.
6. "This is typically the problem with climatology: too many poorly constrained variables and unrealistic claims of certainty about the resulting values."
Could you quote those "claims of certainty" about the parameters?
I don't think there are any, or that it matters. Expressing an impulse response function as a sum of exponentials does yield poorly constrained parameters. The reason is that the exponentials are far from orthogonal, and different parameter combinations can give the same result. It is that same resulting IRF that matters.
The BERN model is a semi-empirical model tuned to match observed carbon cycle behaviour. That would include AF.
7. Joos et al 2013:
"For a 100 Gt-C emission pulse added to a constant CO2 concentration of 389 ppm, 25 ± 9 % Ocean is still found in the atmosphere after 1000 yr"
That is essentially saying a0=0.25 ± 9 % , though that probably is drawn from the distribution of group of models they are looking at rather than anything which could be regarded as an experimental uncertainty.
The link to joos upthread has just vanished on the "new site" at U. Bern, although google still has it.
The description includes land sinks; different ocean boxes including a high latitude, well-mixed, ocean sink so it is not simply a four term exponential approximation to a diffusion model.
Though AF seems essentially level over the record, there is quite significant variability including a notable dip in 60s and 70s and around the Mt Pinatubo cooling and 1998 El Nino. There should be some useful empirical cross-checks to be gained from looking at that variation in AF as well as it's long term constancy.
1. oops that should be : high latitude, well-mixed, DEEP ocean sink
this presumably reflects that high latitudes are dominated by THC and not diffusion.
8. Greg,
....25±9% remains in the atmosphere, while " the ocean has absorbed 59 ± 12 % and the land the remainder (16 ± 14 %)".
I presume there errors are correlated, because If not then Land could be 30% and the Ocean could be 70% !
9. Richard Betts recently tweeted about a paper from 1972 on "Man-made Carbon Dioxide and the 'Greenhouse' effect" by J. S. Sawyer, which contained:
"Industrial development has recently been proceeding at an increasing rate so that the output of man-made carbon dioxide has been increasing mode or less exponentially. So long as the carbon dioxide output continues to increase exponentially, it is reasonable to assume that about the same proportion as at present (about half) will remain in the atmosphere and about the same will go into the other reservoirs."
which suggests that the dependence of the approximately constant airborne fraction on the exponential rise in anthropogenic emissions is well understood by carbon cycle researchers, and has been for some times. However it is probably one of those things so obvious to those working on the topic that it goes unsaid in the journal papers, so it is good to have accessible explanations!
I demonstrated a similar result using a much more basic (simple one-box) carbon cycle model in my paper
Gavin C. Cawley, On the atmospheric residence time of anthropogenically sourced carbon dioxide, Energy & Fuels, volume 25, number 11, pages 5503–5513, September 2011. (preprint)
But obviously the impulse-response-of-the-BERN-model-model give far more reliable quantative projections, so this is article is a really useful resource. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47199 | Live Targets Cost Not Much More: AK-47 Shooting Range (Lviv, Ukraine)
I first saw this tourist thrill in Tallinn: come spend over 100 euro and shoot all these guns that you’ve seen in the movies like the AK-47, the cowboy’s Smith & Wesson, James Bond’s Golden Gun, the rapper’s Glock pistol, and some big fakin US military automatic assault rifle.
The Notorious AK-47, built by Mikhail Kalashnikov in 1947. Imagine if he built it in ’41
I’m not into guns or anything but this sounds like something I would try once just for the sake of my inner video-game addict twelve year-old self.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47203 | I have often thought of the inhumanity that is forced on women and the stigma that attaches to children by the sins of brute men. This poem is one of the most moving I have ever read.
muna chinedu
They call you bastard
to make your heart contort
into folds of pain and rejection of yourself
you wish to fall into perpetual coma
you go to your mom to demand your father,
your mom that tied you on her back
and held tight to the thorny fetters of life
your mom that shielded you from bullets
targeted at you, and blinded her left eye
she bows her head, ashamed, rueful,
you feel the push to force her mouth open,
dip your hand into her throat to dredge it up
If you are the bastard,
who then
is the man that planted you into her?
the bastard is wandering about unabused :
the bastard
is that rapist that pounced on your mom
the bastard
is that unknown father
that goes about with his taut manhood
looking for more vulva to devour
the bastard
is that father that does not…
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en:games:tunngle [2019-01-27-21-33] (current)
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+====== Tunngle ======
+Tunngle used to be a VPN service, much like Hamachi. It allowed users to connect to other computers over the internet, but in the fashion of a local subnet by means of a virtual LAN. This allows many (especially older) games to be playable over the internet despite the fact, that they were merely designed to be played on a local network. In contrast to Hamachi there were already existing channels intended for certain games, e. g. a channel only for [[Counter-Strike]]. When joining such a channel, the user got automatically connected to the corresponding VPN and could host or join games, which were available for everyone on the channel, just like there were on a LAN.
+Since 30.4.2018 the service is discontinued. The carrier named new data security laws as an obstacle, that prevented him to continue the service, as that would have required too much of an effort.
+[[Gamesdatenbank|Back to the games database]]
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47216 | Can You Be Angry At God Without Sinning?
My peripheral vision began to blur as I stared deeper into my steering wheel. Being on this end of that conversation made me long for the days gone by working in that factory.
I can still feel those concrete floors under my feet, the residue from packing tape on my hands. It was a dirty, exhausting job. But at least I was good at it.
Now, sitting in my idling car, I wish I could drive back, clock in, and leave ministry behind for a while. I would probably be less tired.
I drove to a nearby park that's usually vacant during the afternoon. Of course, a few cars were there today. All I wanted was to be alone.
Because I didn’t want people to overhear this pastor shouting at God.
I hoped tears or words would come. They didn't. All I could do was put the car in neutral again and stew (my Enneagram Five is showing).
I finally managed to ask, "Why?" My anger moved from simmering to boiling against the One who put me in this place to do this work. This was no longer between flesh and blood. This was discontent with the Divine.
We all have to deal with uncontrollable circumstances that beat us down or even change our very lives. People disappoint or damage us. Sometimes our righteous anger morphs into anger against our Maker.
What do we do with these God-sized frustrations in our lives? How do we express disappointment and distress to God without sinning? Is it even possible?
In his book Good and Angry, David Powlison made the helpful distinction that “when the Bible teaches how to voice distress to God, it teaches a cry of faith, not a roar of rage.” The challenge, of course, is finding that line, especially in moments of God-directed anger.
To help myself flesh out the differences between the two, I turned to the Word. Instead of focusing on usual suspects like Job or a psalmist, I found wisdom from two other men: Jonah and Habakkuk.
Both were prophets commissioned to serve as God’s mouthpiece. Both expressed multiple complaints to God. But they handled their anger in very different ways. Let’s briefly remind ourselves of their stories:
Jonah is one of the most well-known prophets in the Bible. In the final chapter of his book, we are exposed to Jonah’s anger with God. After Jonah finally obeys God’s command to go to Nineveh and speak out against its people, the king and his subjects repent and turn from evil. God responds to the people with gracious relent. But here the plot takes an interesting turn:
God responds to Jonah with the same grace he showed the people of Nineveh. He provides shade to ease Jonah’s discomfort, which made him glad. But a day later, God appoints a worm to destroy the plant and harsh weather conditions to go along with it.
What made Jonah’s anger a “roar of rage?” Here are three observations.
It is the very character of God that upsets Jonah. Jonah is quick to anger because God is slow to anger with those detestable Ninevites. He takes issue with more than what God has done, but further, who God is.
Jonah would rather die than understand God’s decision. Jonah is well-known for trying to run from his problems (see Jonah 1). Rather than praying in order to understand or listen to God, Jonah jumps to despair and resignation.
Jonah’s anger intensifies as time goes on. Twice we see the LORD acknowledge Jonah’s complaints with a question: “Do you do well to be angry?” The first time, Jonah offers no response. The second time, he does with curt. When I read this response, it rings of a fed-up child who’s tired of the nagging. I know, because I’ve been that child before. Jonah’s initial anger didn’t subside, even when God later provided the plant. It remained. I would argue that it grew even more intense.
God has the last word in Jonah’s story. He reminds Jonah that He is completely free to exercise judgment and mercy as He wishes. We don’t get to see what Jonah did with this information.
Unlike Jonah, we know very little about Habakkuk. We are uncertain how long Habakkuk had served as a prophet at the time of these writings. We have limited historical background to work with. Unlike most prophetic books, Habakkuk reads as a conversation between the prophet and God. The prophet begins the conversation with a complaint:
“O LORD, how long shall I cry for help, and you will not hear? Or cry to you “Violence!” and you will not save? Why do you make me see iniquity, and why do you idly look at wrong? Destruction and violence are before me, strife and contention arise. So the law is paralyzed, and justice never goes forth. For the wicked surround the righteous; so justice goes forth perverted” (Hab. 1:2-4).
God answers his prophet by stressing his sovereign, providential work in these matters, using the Babylonians for his own ends (1:5-11). But Habakkuk has more to say:
“Are you not from everlasting, O LORD my God, my Holy One? We shall not die…You who are of purer eyes that to see evil and cannot look at wrong, why do you idly look at traitors and remain silent when the wicked swallows up the man more righteous than he?” (Hab. 1:12-13).
Habakkuk’s complaint centers on the question of how a good and just God can allow sin to run rampant. But before God responds, Habakkuk ends his prayer with an important statement:
“I will take my stand at my watchpost and station myself on the tower, and look out to see what he will say to me, and what I will answer concerning my complaint” (Hab. 2:1).
God spends the entire second chapter defending his actions in light of Habakkuk’s complaints. Then in chapter three, the prophet responds to the LORD:
“O LORD, I have heard the report of you, and your work, O LORD do I fear.” (Hab. 3:2)
Habakkuk outlines with poetic, colorful language the ways in which the LORD deserves and demands the fear of all men (3:3-15). Then he turns back to himself:
“I hear, and my body trembles; my lips quiver at the sound; rottenness enters into my bones; my legs tremble beneath me. Yet I will quietly wait or the day of trouble to come upon people who invade you. Though the fig tree should not blossom, not fruit be on the vines…yet I will rejoice in the LORD; I will take joy in the God of my salvation. GOD, the Lord, is my strength; he makes my feet like the deer’s; he makes me tread on my high places” (Hab. 3:16-19).
In contrast to Jonah’s roar against God, how is Habakkuk’s discontent more like a “cry of faith?”
Habakkuk, unlike Jonah, did not take issue with God’s character but attempted to reconcile it with what surrounded him. There is a marked difference between trying to understand God’s character and rejecting it. Habakkuk all along confesses and believes the truth of who God is. He simply cannot interpret current events in light of those truths.
Habakkuk, unlike Jonah, made a concentrated effort to hear from God. After a second complaint, Habakkuk “takes his stand” and anticipates God’s answer with open ears. He expresses his complaint not to blow off steam, but to hear and understand. His posture is one of patient humility, especially towards the end of the book.
Habakkuk, unlike Jonah, makes his ultimate trust and joy in God known. Again, we are not exactly sure how Jonah’s story ended. But we do know how Habakkuk’s ends for sure. After conversing with God and hearing from Him, Habakkuk expresses his fear of the Lord and the joy of trusting him despite circumstances.
I’m sure Habakkuk still had questions, and still could not yet understand everything (after all, a god we can fully grasp is one we have invented). But despite those lingering questions, Habakkuk was able to serve and follow the LORD with a whole heart of faith.
Can we rightly be angry with God? Based on what we see in these accounts, it depends on what we mean by “angry.” If our anger speaks ill of who God is, prevents us from opening our ears, or turns a blind eye to how small we are in his presence, we tread on dangerous water. The sun went down on Jonah’s anger, but that doesn’t have to be true for us.
There is a kind of discontent with God that drives us to pray. Oh, may those prayers be soaked in humility, faith, and joy! Wouldn’t it be so like our Father to put things along our path for the sole purpose of growing us in these ways?
(This post was originally featured at Gospel-Centered Discipleship)
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47217 | Wicked Ties (Wicked Lovers #1) by Shayla Black
by Shayla Black
Wicked Ties Series: Wicked Lovers #1
on January 2, 2007
Pages: 341
That’s how it starts. Great, right? Promising. Well, even so, i had major problems with it and i’ll tell you all about it.
First thing’s first. Morgan & Jack.
She has a tv show about sex and a crazy stalker. He is a dominant who accepted to be interviewed by her for her show. They meet and bullets start flying around their hands. He takes her to his very private house in the middle of a swamp, to keep her safe. And since he’s a dominant and a major turn on alpha-male, you can imagine what happens next.
Now, my problems about the whole thing.
1. She. She broke up with her fiancé because she wanted a different sex life. She had tons of fantasies that she dreamed about for a long time and when she trusted him enough to tell him all about them, he called her depraved and a whore. Therefore, she was convinced something’s really wrong with her and she should never ever admit she wants to be dominated, tied or in a threesome with two men. But she finds the perfect man in Jack. He tries to convince her for more than half of the book that he can fulfill ALL her fantasies and desires. He even proves her that even if her mouth say no, her body says a big fat yes. So what does she do? She goes back and forth, saying no when we all see that she wants to says yes, she doubts herself, calls herself depraved and whore because of that prick of an ex and she’s constantly splitting hairs. I rolled my eyes so much, i thought i’d go blind or something. She got on my nerves really bad.
2. HIM. Again with the lying and manipulation and everything. If you read the book, you’ll see what I mean. I hate this kind of guys, really. Besides rape, I don’t think there’s something worse than lying and manipulation. Or I can’t think of it right now. 🙂
3. The story being told in third person. Not my cup of tea. I rarely found an author really good at this kind of writing.
Now, the sex part was off the charts. I admit it. But again, that’s not enough for a 5 ★ book.
Either way, I might continue the series, because I’m really curious about Deke and I didn’t actually hate it, so remind me to read part 2 sometimes soon. 🙂 |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47223 | My Web Maestro
Domain Listings – Website Listing Service
Posted on by Nathan Lyle
Some domain name related scams are easy to sniff out because if you do a Google search on their name, you find hundreds of pages showing examples of it with warnings to not send them money. This one is one of those.
The folks behind Domain Listings send you a letter by snail mail (to give it more weight and importance) telling you an amount is due by a deadline to avoid "expiration". In this case, expiration of something you didn't have to begin with, but scary words make people send checks faster.
Here's the front and back of a recent letter we received from these scammers (click to view larger size):
Over the years I've seen their wording change a bit, where they now include phrases like "This is not a bill. This is a solicitation. You are under no obligation to pay the amount stated above unless you accept this offer." I'm pretty sure they've done this to avoid crackdowns from law enforcement. Their whole business model is worrying people who are unsure how domain or website services work into sending money without questioning. Always read the fine print! (After reading that, if you're still unsure, get in touch and ask about it - we'll be happy to help!)
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About Nathan Lyle
Nathan is a father of four, an amateur musician, and an aspiring photographer. He started programming in 4th grade on an Apple II+ and many years later spent much of his college years freelancing website design for college departments. Nathan is a veteran of the Browser Wars, and will gladly talk at length about the changes he has seen in Web technology if you accidentally ask him.
Visit Nathan's Website or View all posts by Nathan Lyle
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47254 | The changing visual environment of formerly Communist countries, in flux under the pressures of capitalist enterprise and economic chaos, is so provisional, its elements apparently so unwarranted, that it raises many questions in the mind of any visitor from the West. This essay is about some of those questions and was stimulated by witnessing the rapid changes occurring in Berlin and Prague. It is about the role which tourism, the creation of images, and the writing of names play in the transformation. The East, now bearing the first marks of private commerce, can serve as a lens with which to examine the raw appearance of capital. It gives the lie to those who argued that the systems of the East and the West were essentially similar. While in some ways this analysis is subjective and visual, I shall argue that this is not in itself a fault. I should add that although this is an essay which calls out for illustration, there is a good—though extrinsic—reason why it is unillustrated, for half an hour before I was due to leave Berlin my camera bag was stolen. Apart from the cameras—in principle, at least, replaceable machines despite the occasional Heideggerian sense of presence they give on malfunctioning—was the loss of the thirty-or-so rolls of exposed film—images of Prague and Berlin. These are doubly irreplaceable, for in addition to all the unrepeatable contingencies which make a photograph (the atmospheric conditions, the combinations of figures, the dispositions of objects and shadows), the subject of these pictures was largely the transient aspect of cities in the process of vertiginous change. No doubt these latent images will finish on the city dump, and this is curiously fitting, since they will be joined there—eventually—by many of their subjects. The reader will, I hope, accept that what follows is to an extent an exercise in compensation. But it is not only that. The East, now a plane of intersection where the physical fabric of the old systems persists alongside the incursions of a shiny and self-confident West, throws difference into strong relief, and much of this contrast is based around the image and the signature, to which the practice of photography is intimately related.
Under Western eyes, the East has always been notable for a bareness against which any incident stands out more fully, giving the impression of a more palpable reality. This effect is readily apparent on Berlin’s Museum Island at dusk where broad, empty vistas and bulky neoclassical buildings, whose stones still bear the marks of shrapnel, the Bodesmuseum and the Pergamon Museum, are separated by a railway line which runs over the river. There is hardly a trace of writing or commerce. The area, with its wide open spaces and its mix of bare neoclassicism and archaic modernity, is reminiscent of some scene from De Chirico. Such an apparent excess of reality spills over into surreality: as in De Chirico, everything takes on a theatrical air, for culture (here an imperial architecture) is unmediated by the usual visual impedimenta (which provide it with the contrast and which situate it as antique) and the customary apparatus of labelling (which allows the identification and dismissal of the artefact).
Further clues to this sense of a tangible reality, a vision which echoes the unease aroused by high-resolution photography, can be found inside the galleries. A comparison of the former West German galleries at Dahlem and the former East German Nazionale Gallerie brings out some of the similarities and the differences. They are the fragmented parts of a larger national collection, the division of which reflected a wider separation. To look at these museums is like examining identical twins brought up in different families. Similar are the green wall coverings and the ugly mix of strip and daylight, similar the frequent lapses of taste perpetrated by the Prussian kings. Very different, though, is their general ambience. Dahlem is a large, modernist gallery, a place of bureaucratic but somehow modest perfection, its pictures well placed in even light, its decor sparse. The Nazionale Gallerie exudes a dusty and archaic presence, where through the gaps in its curtains there is an unwarranted (and curatorially inadvisable) incursion of sunlight into its dark rooms. Many paintings do not appear flush to the wall but stand a little away from it. Such imperfections bring home the reality of the works, which appear as objects, actual things which might be handled, which might themselves change, and which might appear different in changed circumstances. The ideal perfection striven for in Western display, where painting appears as a fixed and immaterial apparition, actually debases the works, for wonder often comes out of an impression of the aesthetic emerging from the material, from a simultaneous realization of beauty and matter. Contingency reveals beauty. In the West, the simultaneous grasp of this opposition is lost through the complete dominance of the visual in transcendental guise.
In Prague and old East Berlin, there is an unintentional privileging, through lack of control and through poverty, of incident, and a preparedness to let age manifest itself. The utopias of the East are less effective and comprehensive than those of the West, where (at least in showpiece areas) the past has been eradicated through the complete control of the environment. This is even the case when we are really in the presence of something old. An American friend once remarked on passing the Tower of London that, although it was of course in a sense genuine, it still felt like Disneyland. Incident and age are lost in the West, too quickly swamped in a comprehensive diversity or assimilated to commercial uses.
If it is the bareness of the East’s visual environment which allows us full appreciation of contingency, the incursion of the West has multiplied such incidents. For the moment, many parts of Berlin and its environs form a surreal world of collage in which the Trabi plays a starring role. At a major junction in Potsdam sits one Trabi, gutted, its bonnet still attached but folded up to form a sign proclaiming, ‘Glück ist was man braucht’ (Luck is what one needs). In Tucholskystrasse, another, parked in the street, has become a little garden, its boot and bonnet filled with earth and planted, its interior lined with pots. Everywhere there are abandoned cars filled with junk, everywhere graffiti and refuse. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47262 | Unity Mecanim Animation Notes
Unity’s learning center has a lot of information, I chose to start with the headliner tutorials. These appear to be full-day lectures during the Unite conference, where they take the class through building a game from beginning to end.
Since real games take more than a day to build, many shortcuts were taken. One of these shortcuts were the use of built art assets. All came already created, complete with their own associated animation sequences. The tutorial only covered how to import the items and write a few lines of code to trigger the animation sequences.
I have no illusions about being an artist but I also know I don’t have an artist to call upon as I learn Unity. So I had to know something about creating these assets for myself. I thought I would start small with a few simple sprite animations… that turned out to be not so simple.
The Unity animation engine (sometimes called Mecanim in the documentation) is a very complex machine optimized to work with humanoid figures in 3D space. It can certainly do simple sprite animations, but trying to do so became an exercise in figuring out what to turn off in the big complex machine. It keeps trying to do too much, blending and interpolating and trying to be helpful when all I really want was to put a few 2D images on screen at discrete coordinates at specific points in time.
It took way more time than it should, but (1) I got my simple sprite animations working, and (2) I learned a whole bunch about what the animation engine can do for me, down the line, when I’m ready to move beyond sprites.
It was a bit frustrating, but now that I’m through it, I’ll call it a win. Time to move on.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47279 | Duck and Glass Noodle Salad
Lunch in Central Park
Had a lunch today in Central Park and spent the time watching the ducks swimming around and ‘duck diving’ for food. So cute. Their little feet paddling away furiously and their feathery bums wiggling in the air. |
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47314 | Bizarre phenomenon that intrigued Leonardo Da Vinci can finally be explained
Whenever the 15th century polymath Leonardo da Vinci wasn’t painting masterpieces or coming up with new ways to launch humans into the sky, he could often be found outdoors, quietly contemplating the eddies of water flowing downstream.
What amazed the Renaissance master has since puzzled countless scientists. Half a millennium later, we’re still scratching our heads over a thing called a hydraulic jump. Now physicists from the University of Cambridge might finally have it solved.
Hydraulic jumps are such a familiar sight, we could be forgiven for thinking we fully understand how they form.
Turn on a tap, and watch the water flow across the bottom of the sink. As the growing puddle slows at the edges, the water almost seems to pile up into a ‘step’ that remains in place until at last the sink begins to fill.
This standing shockwave can also be found at the bottom of weirs, waterfalls, tidal bores… practically anywhere there’s a meeting of currents flowing at sufficiently different rates.
Their beauty has no doubt captured philosophical minds for far longer than 500 years, but it’s in Leonardo’s notes on the nature of water that we find the first detailed considerations on how liquids behave under different kinds of flow.
To da Vinci, it was purely the nature of water to behave in such a manner. He didn’t have much more of an explanation.
In following centuries, the 18th century Italian physicist Giovanni Battista Guglielmini and 19th century Italian mathematician George Bidone added mathematical detail to the watery step. Still, they didn’t really attempt to argue why it rippled this way.
Finally, in 1914, a physicist with the rather long-winded name of John William ‘Just Call Me Lord Rayleigh’ Strutt, the third Baron Rayleigh, ventured a suggestion in a paper on bores and liquid shock waves.
His theoretical explanation took into account things like viscosity, kinetic energy, and potential energy.
Surface tension, on the other hand, “doubtless plays a considerable part, but this may be minimised by increasing the stream, and correspondingly the depth of the water over the plate, so far as may be convenient”.
Other researchers since Lord Rayleigh have also dismissed surface tension as trivial, favouring models describing the link between the radius of the faster flowing liquid and height of the hydraulic jump as a combination of viscosity, inertia, and gravity.
As water flows along a surface, friction overcomes its inertia and slows the fluid down. If the change in speed is abrupt enough, a shockwave develops, where the liquid piles up over a short distance into a jump.
The size of the step has been assumed to be determined by the tug of potential energy balanced by the push of the mass of water at its foot.
There’s been contention over the years whether gravity really does play an important role in determining the height of the jump, and so the cause of this strange watery cliff that drew da Vinci’s interest all those years ago remains up for debate.
In a new study, chemical engineering researcher Rajesh Bhagat thinks previous scientists may have been a little too quick in ruling out the influence of surface tension.
“We show that, at the jump, surface tension and viscous forces balance the momentum in the liquid film and gravity plays no significant role,” Bhagat and his team write in their report.
Being able to ignore the effect of gravity and concentrate on surface tension allows for other ways to manipulate the hydraulic jump, such as by adding surfactants.
“Understanding this process has big implications and could reduce industrial water use dramatically,” says Bhagat.
“People can use this theory to find new ways to clean everything from cars to factory equipment.”
Whether Lord Rayleigh would be impressed is hard to say. But we’d like to think da Vinci would be happy knowing more about the nature of water and its mesmerising flow.
This research was published in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47324 | How to perform raid 0 recovery and what to be careful of! - Open Port
We use computers to handle our day to day tasks. We can use them for communication, academics or business. During this, we store some information in them. They use various computerized processes to store our data. One of these processes is raid 0 recovery. It is a process of storage which breaks up a file and saves it in broken bits across a RAID group of storage disks. RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks and was first presented in 1987 by authors Randy Katz, David Patterson and Garth A. Gibson in an official report.
Also known as disk striping, RAID 0 allows us to store the same item of data in various spots across multiple hard disks. RAID 0 delivers the advantage or data protection and an increase in computer performance. However, RAID 0 data storage has little redundancy and you could lose your data in case the system crashes or fails. Thankfully, there are ways to perform raid 0 recovery. Read on to discover more about this.
What really causes RAID 0 Recovery collapse?
There are two main reasons why a RAID 0 data storage system can collapse. They include:
Failure of one or more of the RAID 0 member disks
Failure of something other than the RAID 0 disks
RAID 0 member disk failure
RAID 0 disks are non-redundant. Therefore, if a member disk fails, the data which was stored on it can be lost forever. However, you can attempt to make a raid 0 recovery by collecting data from the other member disks and trying to piece it all together. Only the data which has a block size which is smaller than N-1 can be recovered. However, if the RAID 0 disk is too damaged then the data can be lost permanently.
Failure of the RAID 0 supporting architecture
A RAID 0 system depends on other factors such as operators, controllers and special software. These supporting elements can fail and paralyze the RAID 0 system. In such a case, the RAID 0 disks are left functional hence data can be recovered easily.
How to activate the raid 0 recovery
The first step is to download software which can perform raid 0 recovery. There are various types of software which are designed specifically for RAID 0 recovery. Examples of these are ReclaiMe and ZAR RAID software. They are available for free.
After downloading them, proceed to install the software and start it. Depending on its design, the software may ask you to open the RAID 0 disks or create images of them. If it asks this, use the buttons in the software to perform these tasks.
Once you have prepared the RAID 0 disks, select those whose data you desire to recover. The minimum number to select is 2 disks. You may be asked to also select the layout of the RAID disks. In such a case, indicate the number of disks selected for example 3/10. In addition to that, you may be asked what process to perform after the recovery.
Examples of processes are recover data, save the layout of the RAID 0 disks to an XML file or transfer the settings to a different recovery software. When asked this, check the option indicating that you want to recover data. After making these settings, click on the button activating the recovery. The software will proceed to analyze, reconstruct the RAID 0 disks and eventually perform raid 0 recovery.
When the recovery is complete, the software will display a folder tree with a check-box for every folder. At this point, simply check the folders containing the recovered data that you desire. The software will ask for a destination folder for this data. When it does so, identify such a folder in your computer. Once you have made this setting, click on copy to complete the process of raid 0 recovery.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47336 | Blog Archives
Review-Roundup: Fate/Stay Night: Unlimited Blade Works 19/20, Shokugeki no Soma 06-08, Sidonia no Kishi S2 05-07, Hibike! Euphonium 07/08
_C12__Fate_Stay_Night_-_Unlimited_Blade_Works_-_19.mp4 - 00002Yep, two whole episodes of fighting and arguing because two dickheads are just too frigging stubborn to find a compromise.
This time I review:
F/SN: UBW 19/20: Shirou and Archer finally meet in battle which naturally means… A lot of talking! Meanwhile Rin has the most tumultuous damsel-in-distress-arc imaginable.
Shokugeki no Soma 06-08: Soma can do no wrong! And apparently the best kind of school might as well be a tournament in disguise.
Sidonia no Kishi S2 05-07: Tsumugi, Izana and Tanake are having a jolly good time! Meanwhile, evil people do evil stuff with somewhat disastrous results! And those two things barely have anything to do with each other. Talk about plot-synergy!
Hibike! Euphonium 07/08: What do you do as a teenager when you’re not devoting yourself to playing music? Of course, you study! Or you go on a date! As far as teenage-life-tropes go not the most imaginative choices. Maybe the vague romantic tension between two girls will spice things up – is what the script-writers probably thought.
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Knights of Sidonia: Battle for Planet Nine – 01-04 Review
_C12__Knights_of_Sidonia_S2_-_The_Ninth_Planet_Crusade_-_02.mp4 - 00001Tentacle-Rape: It’s what monsters do to investigate the human body.
After a short hiatus I’m back to reviewing some animes. And I start with the second season of Knights of Sidonia which is certainly one of the more entertaining ones this season. I’ve liked the first season but it had its flaws. So far, though, the second season fares much better. Mostly because its style is much more confident and consistent so far this time around.
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Sidonia no Kishi – 05-12 Review
_C12__Knights_of_Sidonia_-_12.mp4 - 00003Haha, yeah, that’s the past for ye: Always ready to unveil another embarrassing secret! Mostly because you were too drunk at the time to do anything useful, I assume…
Sidonia no Kishi was actually one of those series, I had high hopes for. The first four chapters of the manga seemed good so I figure, ‘Hey, why not as well watch the manga -adaptation!’. After all, most animes who adapt manga don’t have the balls to change the source-material (unless the original writer is a nobody, then that guy’s fucked)… well, unless the manga isn’t finished and there isn’t enough money for multiple-season-long faithful adaptation of that manga (and if the original writer is a nobody that guy’s doubly fucked at this point). There will be an ending nonetheless. Not a very good one, of course, because nobody gives a shit that late into the game of making ar- *cough* I mean, money, of course.
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Review-Roundup: Black Bullet 04, Sidonia no Kishi 04, Hitsugi no Chaika 03-04
_C12__Black_Bullet_-_04.mp4 - 00003Jesus, Rentaro already said that he would kill her before she turned into a monster! No need to be such a dick about it…
There isn’t really always something interesting to say about each episode of each anime I watch but I guess sometimes gathering together various snapshots of animes to talk about some topic or other is a good enough solution, I feel like. This time around I want to talk about how differently these three series deal with the subject of consequences. Well, and I also share some other stuff about them as well… The point is, I didn’t have enough to say about each of those to warrant their own post so they get this one instead.
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Sidonia no Kishi – 01-03 Review
_C12__Knights_of_Sidonia_-_01.mp4 - 00000
The series never shies away from showing off the many ugly ways Nagate hurts himself. It really sets the tone of how far this show is willing to go in showing off the cruelty of the world.
Series like Sidonia no Kishi are hard to review, I feel like. There’s neither a simple arc-structure nor is there an easily summarised goal to the plot. It’s more about immediate events unfolding and how the characters deal with those, it’s about keeping a specific tone in how the characters react to those events and interact with each other and it’s about working towards some sort of revelation that is entirely unclear at the start of the series. In many ways Sidonia no Kishi seems like the series that would be more enjoyable to watch if you could watch the entirety of it within a couple of days. So it’s very likely that at the end of this anime-series I will have an entirely different opinion about it but for now, this is what I think of it…
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47341 | How to Cook Milanesa Meat
Jhodytropical/iStock/Getty Images
The term "Milanesa" is associated with Mexican and South American cuisine, but it actually comes from Italy. Milanesa refers to the culinary technique of pounding meat thin, breading it and frying it. Milanesas are typically made with beef, but they can be made from any meat or even zucchini or eggplant. In parts of Mexico and South America, milanesas are so popular that entire restaurants specialize in them; they are as ubiquitous as the hamburger is in the United States.
Place the steaks side by side and 4 inches apart on a piece of waxed paper.
Cover the steaks with a second sheet of waxed paper and pound them flat with your meat mallet. When you are finished, the steaks should be no more than 1/2 inch thick.
Cut the steaks into manageable serving sizes, as the pounding will have expanded their size.
Add the beaten eggs and garlic to a bowl and stir to integrate the garlic.
Combine the flour with the parsley, salt, pepper and chili powder or crushed red pepper flakes, if you are using them, in a second bowl.
Dredge the steaks in first the egg and then the flour mixture.
Heat the olive oil in a skillet over high heat.
Add the breaded pieces of steak one or two at a time to the hot oil and brown them for one to two minutes on each side or until they are golden brown and crispy.
Remove the milanesas from the pan with your spatula and place them onto a plate covered with paper towels. This will help blot any excess grease from the cutlets.
Serve the milanesas on the rolls, and add the condiments of your choice. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47355 | Real estate mogul the mystery buyer of $16K sketch by Trump
Dubya, eat your heart out — Donald Trump is now officially a successful artist.
Page Six is told that real-estate mogul Elie Hirschfeld — whose art collection includes works by Georgia O’Keeffe, Marc Chagall, Norman Rockwell and Mark Rothko, among others — bought a (very, very basic) black marker sketch of the Empire State Building by the president at auction for $16,000, some $4,000 above the estimated sale price.
Trump did the 12-by-9-inch drawing for a different charity auction in the early ’90s, when he owned a stake in the Midtown landmark.
The picture originally sold for less than $100.
Hirschfeld, a former Trump business associate and son of the late real-estate tycoon (and one-time owner of the New York Post) Abe Hirschfeld, told Page Six that he plans to hang the piece with an Andy Warhol picture of Trump Tower and an Edward Hopper drawing of the Waldorf Astoria.
A portion of the profits from the sale will be donated to NPR.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47382 | Avoid Opioid Problems
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With the recent increase in drug-related deaths of 9%, the opioid crisis has caught the attention of the masses. It kills around 50,000 Americans and becomes harder to ignore.
However, one element remains little known and that there is a painkiller that is more powerful than an opioid: calcium gluconate.
Calcium gluconate appears to be one of the most powerful pain killers and the deficiency can cause or worsen the pain. Otherwise, treating a deficiency becomes important and maybe an answer to an otherwise dependent dependence on powerful, dangerous drugs.
Abnormal muscle function and deficiency …
The muscle function is physically completely dependent on the chemical levels of nutrients. Although nerves and bones depend on certain minerals, the function and functioning of the muscles depend on it.
Contraction and relaxation are the most important functions of muscle activity and cause different movements. Calcium and its mineral partner, magnesium, are the key to these vital actions.
In the case of a deficiency, muscles already have a disadvantage and can become defective. This can be a tendency to feel pain. Tension, spasms, cramps or other muscle disorders can be the result of a lack of these life-giving minerals.
More powerful than opioids?
Injectable calcium has already been proven to be a powerful painkiller in medicine. But its use is not difficult to understand once you understand the nutritional needs of the body.
Calcium and magnesium are partners. They work together. The body needs both to use both.
But that doesn’t end easily. There must be an “acidic climate” to be able to react and only one of many forms is acceptable.
These critical circumstances make getting sufficient supply a challenge. And today the margin for errors is huge.
How taking extra calcium can make you DEFICIENT!
Given the accuracy of the body’s use of these minerals, it becomes easy to see that accidentally taking an unusually high form of calcium can cause other problems.
Painful conditions, such as arthritis, are caused by deposits of such minerals that accumulate in the surplus in the joints. These deposits usually occur when absorption is not possible.
Logically, it is not only important to get the right calcium balance in the right shape, it is also vital. Without this, pain and related disorders result.
Which crisis beats painkiller addiction every day of the week?
If you want to name a crisis, it is probably better to go to basics.
With statistics on nutritional deficiencies at “out of control” levels and nearly a third of the planet suffering from some type of malnutrition, the opioid crisis seems rather miniscule. Furthermore, painkiller addiction may be more dependent on deficiencies than previously suspected.
With the lean tolerance of proper forms and the balance of calcium along with the conditions in which it is absorbed, it is easy to see how, even with a careful diet plan, one can get deficient.
Can minerals in a sufficient supply provide a solution for the opioid crisis?
Although it is debatable whether or not direct access can be gained to an overall solution, it is easy to see that solving deficiencies can cause clear changes in the existence of painful conditions. Pain is not necessary in many cases and can be the result of a certain predisposition caused by a deficiency.
The right ratio, shape and combination of calcium and magnesium is not only a recipe for pain relief, it is not only a preventative measure, it is essential for the correct function itself, both minerals are responsible for hundreds of body processes.
Instant CalMag-C is a supplement designed in the laboratory, reverse-engineering of how the body uses essential calcium and magnesium. The result is a fast-absorbing, useful and effective combination that supports body functions too much to mention.
A body that contains essential minerals and other nutrients tend to function optimally and is painless. Try Instant CalMag-C and discover what replenishing the two most vital minerals can mean for you, and perhaps also for a global crisis!
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47388 | How To Respect
He couldn’t be sure, but it seemed there was at least a correlation between the two. He thought it was more likely cause and effect than correlation though. But he knew it didn’t have to be. He knew that laziness was the real culprit.
Of course, he couldn’t blame anyone in particular. It certainly wasn’t the aggregators fault; they were just amassing the information. Likewise, it wasn’t the people who provided the information’s fault. All they did was volunteer knowledge–itself a pretty harmless action at worst.
There seemed to be no other option. It had to be the individual. Was the individual person the guilty party? Yes. He was sure of it. He knew it all along. He tried to pretend the responsibility didn’t fall on a single person’s shoulders, but it was clear now. As much as he wanted to shrug off the burden, a singular sensation passing through his body signaled that he was right. Everyone was accountable for the lack of respect permeating the culture.
In an instant, his mood changed. He felt cheery and seemed to see the world in a different light. If the problem had been identified, there could now be a solution. Of all people, he should have seen this bright conclusion earlier. It mattered not. He wouldn’t allow these thoughts to dampen his mood.
Up until recently, there did seem to be a direct relationship between how much information a person knew, and how wise they were. Naturally, the information age has saturated mankind with data. As a result, everyone acted on the belief that there were answers to life’s problems. People thought that information was wisdom. The mistake is forgivable. Nonetheless, it must be addressed. The starting place, is re-learning how to respect another person. He knew this point was tricky, as not every person behaves in a way that deserves respect. He also knew that people rise to the occasion, and in this country every person has the same inherent right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In this manner, at least, all people deserve respect.
So how does one give respect? See below.
Instructions for How To Respect:
Step 1 – Listen.
Step 2 – Ask, “What are you going to do?”
1. Joan
Step 2 doesn’t sit right with me as the conclusion of instructions for how to respect. There is something more to respect than this.
• A Mugwump
Hey Joan,
Unless specified, don’t think the steps in the “How To” posts as exhaustive. Think of it like, “Okay, let’s pretend you’ve never heard of the concept of “respect” before.” Where would we begin? If people complete Step 2 (a BIG if), they’ll be able to figure the rest out on their own.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47403 | Photon's possibilities
Light detection
Touch detection
Obstacle detection
Communication with other Photons
Measuring traveled distance
Measuring angle of rotation
Magnetic mounts for additional accessories
Changing colors of eyes and antennae
Making sounds
Sound detection
Ground contrast detection
Technical features
Up to 8 hours of play on a single battery charge
Charging via microUSB cable
Photon's dimensions: 172x170x190 mm
Photon's weight: 690 gram
Compability (CE, RoHS, EN-71)
What comes in the box
Photon robot
microUSB charging cable
set of stickers
User Manual & Legal guide |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47405 | Note To Readers
August 11, 2011
4 Responses to “Note To Readers”
1. If you *really* want folks to switch, you should change your addy when you leave comments places.
2. Yeah, I’m trying to remember to do that.
3. Katharine Says:
Got a new name for Texas’s governor:
Rick ‘Two-Point’ Perry
4. Physiogroupie IV Says:
What’s with the ads? 😦
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47419 | The War Works Hard
How magnificent the war is!
How eager
and efficient!
Early in the morning
it wakes up the sirens
and dispatches ambulances
to various places
swings corpses through the air
rolls stretchers to the wounded
summons rain
from the eyes of mothers
digs into the earth
dislodging many things
from under the ruins...
Some are lifeless and glistening
others are pale and still throbbing...
It produces the most questions
in the minds of children
entertains the gods
by shooting fireworks and missiles
into the sky
sows mines in the fields
and reaps punctures and blisters
urges families to emigrate
stands beside the clergymen
as they curse the devil
(poor devil, he remains
with one hand in the searing fire)...
The war continues working, day and night.
It inspires tyrants
to deliver long speeches
awards medals to generals
and themes to poets
it contributes to the industry
of artificial limbs
provides food for flies
adds pages to the history books
achieves equality
between killer and killed
teaches lovers to write letters
accustoms young women to waiting
fills the newspapers
with articles and pictures
builds new houses
for the orphans
invigorates the coffin makers
gives grave diggers
a pat on the back
and paints a smile on the leader's face.
It works with unparalleled diligence!
Yet no one gives it
a word of praise.
More by Dunya Mikhail
Diary of a Wave Outside the Sea [The martyr couldn't believe his eyes]
The martyr couldn't believe his eyes
when his tomb was bombed
as he braided a garland for his beloved—
a red garland,
yet...on the way to heaven ...
it turned white.
He bent toward the water with a small rainbow clutched in his hand.
In this way he makes music.
He lifts is hands to the clouds and braids her tears into a flower.
In this way he sings.
A wave breaking outside the sea.
In this way I go on.
The Iraqi Nights
In Iraq,
after a thousand and one nights,
someone will talk to someone else.
Markets will open
for regular customers.
Small feet will tickle
the giant feet of the Tigris.
Gulls will spread their wings
and no one will fire at them.
Women will walk the streets
without looking back in fear.
Men will give their real names
without putting their lives at risk.
Children will go to school
and come home again.
Chickens in the villages
won’t peck at human flesh
on the grass.
Disputes will take place
without any explosives.
A cloud will pass over cars
heading to work as usual.
A hand will wave
to someone leaving
or returning.
The sunrise will be the same
for those who wake
and those who never will.
And every moment
something ordinary
will happen
under the sun.
Diary of a Wave Outside the Sea [excerpt]
Through your eye
history enters
and punctured helmets pour out.
Frequent tremors occur in your land
as if invisible hands shake your trees day and night.
They blockaded you and banished the oxygen from your water,
leaving the hydrogen atoms to quarrel with one another.
Shouldn't the nations be disturbed by the face of a child
who shuts her mouth and eyes
in surrender to UN resolutions?
But they only opened their own mouths slightly,
smaller than a bud,
as if yawning or smiling.
We made room in our day for every star,
and our dead remained without graves.
We wrote the names of each flower on the walls
and we, the sheep, drew the grass
—our favorite meal—
and we stood with our arms open to the air
so we looked like trees.
All this to change the fences into gardens.
A naïve bee was tricked and smashed into a wall,
flying toward what it thought was a flower.
Shouldn't the bee be able to fly over the fence-tops?
Long lines are in front of us.
Standing, we count flasks of flour on our fingers
and divide the sun among the communicating vessels.
We sleep standing in line
and the experts think up plans for vertical tombs
because we will die standing. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47421 | PokéBase - Pokémon Q&A
0 votes
In celedon city, the building Celadon Mansion(Now known as Celadon Condominiums) hosts the in-game director and staff on one of its levels, accessible by the back door. When you talk to the directer, he tells you he has something special for you if you complete the pokedex and then talk to him again. Does anyone know what happens if you do that?
Note: This is Pokemon Fire-red/Leaf-green
edited by
2 Answers
2 votes
Best answer
The director will give you a diploma. It should look like this:
selected by
Thanks. Now that I know that, I'm not as motivated to complete the pokedex.... aw...
No problem! And yeah, a diploma is pretty lame :T
1 vote
He gives you a diploma, like every other game. (what a reward)
Source: Expierience |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47438 | AvatarNoor Sulieman asked 10 months ago
How did you study for the mcat? Did you take a course? What resources did you use and when to start on them? Do you recommend any mcat test prep material? How did you study for CARS?
1 Answers
AvatarPre-Med Hub Staff answered 10 months ago
We actually worked with our entire advising team to answer questions like yours from a variety of different perspectives! Check it out here: http://premedhubumich.com/studying-for-the-mcat/.
PMH E-Board
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47444 | User guides and manuals
Nokia 7.2
Use your camera like a pro
Use the different modes in you camera to enhance the quality of your photos.
Learn about your camera settings
In the Camera app, tap menu to learn more about each setting.
Blur the background of your photo
If you want to be able to change the focus area of your photo after you have taken it and blur the background of your photo, use the bokeh effect when taking a photo. Edit your photo with Super Portrait Editor and try out the different background blurring effects. You can use the bokeh effect also with selfies.
1. Tap Camera > Portrait.
2. Take aim and focus, and tap panorama_fish_eye.
3. Select the photo you just took, you can see it in the bottom right corner.
4. Tap > Portrait editor to edit your photo.
Take a beauty shot
Even after a long night, you can still look your best. Take a selfie with the beauty filter.
1. Tap Camera > .
2. Tap Portrait > > , and drag the slider to your liking.
3. Tap panorama_fish_eye.
Take a night shot
To take high quality photos at night or under low light circumstances, switch on the Night mode. Tap Camera > Night and follow the instructions on your phone.
Take a wide-angle photo
To take beautiful landscape photos, switch on the wide-angle mode. Tap Camera > . To go back to normal mode, tap > .
Set the camera to Pro mode
Tap Camera > Pro.
Take photos with a timer
Want to have time to get in the shot too? Try out the timer.
1. Tap Camera.
2. Tap . The button shows the timer setting. To change it, tap it again.
3. Select the duration of the timer.
4. Tap panorama_fish_eye.
Take high quality photos
You can take 48 MP photos with your back camera.
1. Tap Camera > menu > Photo Resolution > Photos from rear camera.
2. Select 48MP.
When you select 48MP, some camera features are disabled.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47450 | Branding is an essential tool for online businesses
Branding is an essential and an integral part of marketing, which at times is ignored and overlooked by small entrepreneurs. Importance of branding has still not been fully exploited (rather it is needs a thrust) by the online webmasters for their websites and website networks, this is despite the fact that branding one’s online business can give very rich dividends, if done in a strategic manner. Branding one’s online business is much easier than branding a product because most of the branding material can be uploaded on the site directly and therefore the web page should be considered and designed as the face of a particular website. But we still see that most of the online entrepreneurs leave the branding part on luck and chance and they rarely pay attention as far as the branding aspect is concerned.
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Why a Professionally Designed Logo is Essential to any Business
What is one of the first tasks associated with starting a new business? Yep that’s right, a Logo. Having a business with out a Logo is like putting your pants on your head in the morning. I’m sure you have heard the this phrase from your parents some time back in the day, “First Impressions are everything”. This was usually the result of you trying to head out the door in jeans to your first job interview at 16. This realization has been pushed on us since we could understand what the word “mom” meant. Make a good impression and you will go far.
Read More |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47454 | Home Reverse Dictionary Customize Browse Dictionaries Help
We found 5 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word blackthorn winter:
Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "blackthorn winter" is defined.
General dictionaries General (4 matching dictionaries)
1. blackthorn winter: Merriam-Webster.com [home, info]
2. blackthorn winter: Oxford Dictionaries [home, info]
3. blackthorn winter: Wiktionary [home, info]
4. Blackthorn Winter (Wilson novel): Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia [home, info]
Tech dictionaries Tech (1 matching dictionary)
1. Blackthorn winter: Glossary of Meteorology [home, info]
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47459 | Regulatory governance of risk - corporate risk management in the UK
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution
Publication details
Title of host publicationInvited workshop on Cultural Theory of Risk and Regulatory Governance sponsored by the School of Public Governance at Tilburg University
DatePublished - 2016
Original languageEnglish
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47485 | gdalcubes: Earth Observation Data Cubes from Satellite Image Collections
Processing collections of Earth observation images as on-demand multispectral, multitemporal raster data cubes. Users define cubes by spatiotemporal extent, resolution, and spatial reference system and let 'gdalcubes' automatically apply cropping, reprojection, and resampling using the 'Geospatial Data Abstraction Library' ('GDAL'). Implemented functions on data cubes include reduction over space and time, applying arithmetic expressions on pixel band values, moving window aggregates over time, filtering by space, time, bands, and predicates on pixel values, exporting data cubes as 'netCDF' or 'GeoTIFF' files, and plotting. The package implements lazy evaluation and multithreading. All computational parts are implemented in C++, linking to the 'GDAL', 'netCDF', 'CURL', and 'SQLite' libraries. See Appel and Pebesma (2019) <doi:10.3390/data4030092> for further details.
Package details
AuthorMarius Appel [aut, cre] (<>), Edzer Pebesma [ctb] (<>), Roger Bivand [ctb], Lewis Van Winkle [cph], Ole Christian Eidheim [cph], Niels Lohmann [cph], Howard Hinnant [cph], Adrian Colomitchi [cph], Florian Dang [cph], Paul Thompson [cph], Tomasz Kamiński [cph]
MaintainerMarius Appel <[email protected]>
LicenseMIT + file LICENSE
Package repositoryView on CRAN
Try the gdalcubes package in your browser
gdalcubes documentation built on Oct. 30, 2019, 11:28 a.m. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47487 | Read Fun Home – Chapter 5, Page 9
Page 9 of Chapter 5 (The Canary-colored Caravan of Death). Read online Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic graphic novel. A bestselling graphic novel describing Bechdel’s relation with her father and her lesbianism.
Page 9 of chapter 5. Read online alison bechdel's fun home: a family tragicomic graphic novel |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47493 | A few months ago I was asked to find a solution for starting and stopping a Spring Boot application under Windows automatically together with the computer this application was running on. After doing some research I found a nice fitting and open source solution with WinSW.
As you can read on the Github page of WinSW it “is an executable binary, which can be used to wrap and manage a custom process as a Windows service”. This windows service can be used to automatically start/stop your application on computer startup/shutdown. After downloading the binary (you can find it here) you have to perform the following simple steps to install your own custom windows service.
Step 1: Name the Service
First you take the downloaded winsw-2.1.2-bin.exe file and rename it to the name of your service. In this example I will call this MyCustomService.exe.
Step 2: Configure the Service
Next, you have to create a new MyCustomService.xml file and place it right next to the executable (it is mandatory that the file name is the same). This xml file holds all the configuration for your custom windows service. It could look like the following example:
<id>MyCustomService</id> <!-- must be unique -->
<description>This service runs my custom service.</description>
<arguments>-jar "%BASE%\myCustomService.jar"</arguments>
<log mode="roll-by-time">
<download from="http://www.example.de/spring-application/myCustomService.jar"
auth="basic" unsecureAuth="true"
user="aUser" password="aPassw0rd"/>
This configurations basically tells the windows service to:
1. Download the jar file from the given URL and place it in the current folder
2. Execute the just downloaded jar by executing the command java -jar myCustomService.jar
3. Save all logs into the log folder (for more details about logging click here)
Step 3: Install the Service
To finally install the service as a Windows service you open your command line in the current folder and execute MyCustomService.exe install. After the installation you can directly test your service by executing MyCustomService.exe test. Now you can manage this service like any other default windows service. To put it in the autostart you have to navigate to your Windows services, select the newly service and set the Startup type to Automatic.
As seen in this short example WinSW can be used not only for executing java programs automatically on Windows startup but also for updating your programs automatically. In case you need to update this jar file on multiple Windows clients this can be a pretty neat feature, because you only have to replace the jar hosted on http://www.example.de/spring-application/myCustomService.jar and restart the computers.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47510 | Urban EpiCenter
EpiCenter is a multi-racial, grassroots organization in Nashville-Davidson County, Tennessee. The term, EpiCenter, describes the focal point of a disturbance or activity. The Urban EpiCenter is grounded in the belief that community organizing and direct action for racial and economic justice should be the focal points of social and political activity in the underserved, underrepresented and/or under empowered communities in Nashville. Further, the Urban EpiCenter is deeply rooted in the belief of a radical vision of democracy, which situates indigenous activists, the poor and working-class people at the center, or EpiCenter, of critical, vital and necessary grassroots initiatives. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47515 | He sees you when your sleeping and knows when you awake, and now you can watch as he delivers toys around the world.
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) is once again tracking Santa's sleigh and movements around the world. NORAD offers a live update of Santa's coordinates and tallies gifts delivered.
People can also call 1-877-HI-NORAD (1-877-446-6723) to speak live with NORAD trackers.
NORAD has been tracking Santa for more than 60 years.
Watch for yourself and don't forget to leave out some cookies and milk. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47516 | The 8088 provided an address space of one megabyte.
The IBM PC allocated that address space as 640K RAM (not that the 5150 could physically take that much, but the address space was allocated) followed by 384K everything else (BIOS ROM, video memory, other memory mapped expansion cards etc.)
It has been argued that this was a mistake, because when the foreseeable need for more address space was satisfied, that upper 384K left a hole in the address space, with RAM before and after it. That it would've been better to put the other stuff at the beginning of the address space, followed by the 640K RAM.
But as far as I can see, it doesn't really matter. If we fast-forward to the 386, where a typical system has several megabytes of RAM, it seems to me that it should be possible to provide all of that in a linear chunk starting at one megabyte and also mirror the first part of it into the first 640K, but in any case, I don't see that the difficulty is really affected by which way around the first megabyte is mapped.
Why was the arrangement chosen with RAM in the first part of the address space? Was it a purely arbitrary choice, or was there some technical reason?
• 7
The reset vector for the 8088/8086 is at 0xFFFF0, which is just below 1MB. So you'd have to have some ROM there to be able to boot up. – brhans Apr 7 '19 at 2:58
• 1
Also, the interrupt vector table in the 8088/8086 started at 0x00000. While you can shift it around on later x86 models, having no RAM there would break compatibility with lots of legacy DOS programs. So you need RAM there, no matter if it's mirrored or not mirrored. – dirkt Apr 7 '19 at 6:48
[This Answer focuses on the reason why RAM at low address and ROM at high address, as the usual ramblings about the 640Ki border have been made in other places an amasse (*1)]
It's the way Intel laid out the 8086.
The CPU starts execution at FFFF:0000, thus ROM had to be up there.
Intel learned from the success of the 8080 (and follow up Z80) as CPU for general purpose computers with variable programming (aka PCs). Here it is a great plus if entry points / vector tables can be set up and changed during run time. >The basic 8080 concept with restarts in low memory (Reset at 0000 and so on) works great for an embedded system. But for a computer it must be possible to change them from ROM configuration to some value the OS or a loaded user program needs. But at the same time, at least the entry for reset must be in some ROM (like) to make the machine boot at all.
Handling that problem for an 8080/8085/Z80 ended up in three solutions:
1. ROM at 0000h, each and every call to a restart gets first processed by ROM routines and at some point, if at all handed over to loaded (user/OS) code
2. ROM at 0000h, all calls (*2) get handed to a user pointer table via a jump indirect stub of various kind
3. ROM at 0000h, much like the first, but it gets replaced by RAM at runtime, enabling variable handling routines.
Any of these either limits functionality, adds processing time or needs additional hardware. Uncool.
For the 8086, its designers tried to break from these limits by separating Reset which always needs to be handled in ROM from all other exceptions to allow dynamic setup. Thus the CPU starts executing with segment FFFFh, offset 0000h while the vector table is located at Segment 0000h (*3) offset 0000h. As a result no hardware for switching out ROMs was needed, while at the same time the shortest possible code path for (variable target) exceptions was enabled. Lesson learned (*4,*5).
Bottom line: Never forget that the first microprocessors were not designed as core of a general purpose computers, but to make embedded controllers.
*1 - Can't hold my inner Nerd back: Come on, there has to be RAM and ROM in a system, and I/O (like video) is usually something to be put in-between. Heck, even the template for the IBM PC, the Apple II, made by the great Woz did it that way ... it even features a similar split 6:2 for RAM vs. I/O and ROM. For the PC it's 5:3.
*2 - Except Reset which still gets processed to some point in ROM
*3 - It's important to see this as segments, as that's not only the way it is implemented, but as well the (original) intended upgrade path for later CPUs.
*4 - In addition the concept was changed from restarting at the calculated location as the 8080 did, to address pointers (like Motorola already had) to be used with an indirect jump. After all, 4 bytes couldn't hold much code - already making it indirect resulted in a subsequent table and jumping twice.
*5 - Motorola as well changed when going 16 Bit. The location their a vector table from top memory down to zero
The 5150 used 8088 CPU which only had 1024 KB of address space. When 5150 was designed, the 286 did not exist yet so there was no future compatibilities to think of. As the 8088 booted from the end of memory, ROM had to be put there. And as interrupt vectors are at start of memory, something had to be there so it was most flexible to start RAM from there.
So against what you say that the 384 KB left a hole in the address space, it did not. On a 8088 and 8086, that is the end of the 1024KB of memory space that can be accessed.
• 2
While I basically agree with this, the 80286 (and 80186) were almost certainly well into design by the time the 5150 was introduced. Arguably, if IBM wanted to, they could have gotten (and perhaps did) get more information from Intel about future plans in order to build the 5150 with more future compatibility. However, the 5150 was actually a low-end machine (8088 instead of 8086, but also started with low RAM capacity motherboard, no standard hard drive until the XT (2 years later and well after the introduction of the 286). They just didn't anticipate the huge success of the 5150. – manassehkatz-Reinstate Monica Apr 7 '19 at 14:55
• Consider also that the design of the 5150 was fairly engineering-resource constrained: they had fairly aggressive deadlines (which is not unusual for any commerical product) and engineering work to meet those deadlines was obviously higher priority than engineering work related to future compatibility. It's hardly the first computer that used shortcuts compromising future expanadability in order to meet current-day deadlines. – Curt J. Sampson Aug 14 '19 at 7:32
• Alternatively: Serious design for the PC started around August 1980, less than 18 months before the release of the '286. By that point the general idea of processes using virtual addresses mapped to arbitrary physical addresses via segment descriptors would have been nailed down, and IBM as a large customer would almost certianly have been privy to this information. So it could well be that, looking forward, they felt that within a half decade or so large applications wouldn't be using the current memory map so it wouldn't be an issue. – Curt J. Sampson Aug 14 '19 at 8:11
Your Answer
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47529 | Jesus and the dangers of being illegitimate
The issue of Jesus’ father was problematic for his attempt to be recognized as Messiah – just as it was for his parents before he was born.
Mary is described by a word which can mean either ‘virgin’ or ‘girl of marriageable age’ – but strongly carries a meaning of ‘not married’.
The Gospels state that Joseph discovered that Mary was already pregnant when he married her, and, being a just man, decided to divorce her quietly rather than make a public example of her. But, after dreams changed his mind, he chose another reasonable solution: go to a different town (Bethlehem, where his own family was from) for a few months, let her have the baby where no one knew when they had married, and then return home (Nazareth) where no one knew when the baby had been born. That way the fiction of Jesus’ legitimacy could be maintained.
Stoning people to death for sexual misconduct is an ongoing tradition of monotheism
It was important for a child to have been conceived within marriage. Even if the parents subsequently married, if the child was conceived outside marriage it was considered a bastard. The laws in Deuteronomy are clear and harsh:
• married woman has sex with another man, both stoned to death
• betrothed virgin raped in a town, both stoned to death (she, for not having called for help)
• betrothed virgin raped in the countryside, only the man stoned to death
• unbetrothed virgin raped, the rapist has to pay the victim’s father fifty silver shekels and marry her.
So, depending on quite how young Mary got pregnant, her life was in danger. Assume Joseph loved her – he needed to be creative to protect her.
The problems of illegitimacy came up again when Jesus was making his play for Messiah and King. As Deuteronomy 23:2 states: “A bastard shall not enter into the congregation of the LORD; even to his tenth generation shall he not enter into the congregation of the LORD.”
Not surprising, then, that his followers grasped at whatever unlikely explanations they could think of, in order to explain away the embarrassing rumors! |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47530 | Career management
I gave a guest lecture 1.5 years ago to some juniors/seniors at MIT about career management. It’s something I’ve spent some time on, so I thought I would attach the presentation below. None of the information is ground-breaking, but I found it useful just to have it in one place, and it did help me land my current VC job at Opus Capital. I’m an especially big believer in the learning curve:
Learning Curve
Essentially, after 9-18 months doing the same thing (whether it’s a specific job, function, etc.), our learning begins to taper off logarithmically. That doesn’t mean we stop learning, it just means we slow down. The lesson is that we should look for new challenges to keep ourselves learning in an exponential fashion. Here’s the full preso, feel free to comment or send me your thoughts:
Career Management Rohit Gupta 04142008 Final
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1 Response to Career management
1. Paresh Chaudhari says:
Thanks for sharing.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47539 | He sat hunched over on the cold concrete floor, legs spread in front of him tongue hanging out of his mouth panting like a happy dog. He grabbed the tail of his stained striped shirt to wipe his sweaty brow and dabbed his armpits. The morning sun had transformed the shed from a freezer to a sauna.
The walls of the corrugated iron sheet shed were now shaking under the force of fierce banging. The man startled, his mouth now dry he started to rub his tongue against the roof of his mouth to stimulate the now drying up saliva. The clanging sound of steel on a concrete floor and a whoosh of fury to the back of the shed left bloody footprints behind; leaving a clear path to his new location.
Light blast through the shed door, silhouettes of 10 men emerged with crowbars, guns and other crude arsenal; with yells baying for the man’s blood.
“Spread out. The bastard is here somewhere.” One man in a husky voice instructed the group. One member of the group’s arm was covered with a bandage tourniquet, with a growing spot of crimson blaring through it.
“Careful now, he’s in here somewhere,” the leader directed the team gesturing for them to file into a line and steadily inch toward the back of the barn pointing at the bloodied footprints.
Cuckoo! Cuckoo! Cuckoo! The men startled turned back to where the sound came from and then broke into laughter.
“Damn Cock! Imma tells Irene to slaughter that damn thing.” The leader chuckled sending the men into a brief fit of laughter quickly disrupted.
“Derek! Look! The knife that stabbed Louis!” the man pointed at the floor where the knife lay.
“Damn you, Harley, didn’t I tell you not to call out our names when we are working?” The leader demanded.
The crew steadily inched toward a stack of steel barrels, they were pretty close together, Derek called out for reinforcement to pull them aside.
“Imma get you T.K! Touching my little girl like she’s your darn property!” Louis called out pumping his arms and cringing from the pain of his bandaged arm. He slowly held on to his arm, putting his rifle down.
Harley swung his steel chain and whacked the barrels, calling out; “I know you’re in here T.K! Show your face!”
Suddenly the door swung closed and the sound of a latch and padlock followed, some of the other men ran to tear the door down. One shooting through the iron sheet, he heard a groan on the other side of the door.
“T.K!” the men all yelled in unison and as soon as they uttered those words, there was a whoosh of fire and the barn was ablaze. The barrels igniting as the men shoved and kicked to get the door open. One final shot from one of them and they spilt out just as the house engulfed them in flames. Screaming and writhing and dying.
Not too far from them lay a body with a bloody hole bored through it, eyes bulging out, mouth ashy, wide open and oozing blood, and limbs spread away from his still body. All Amy did, was like T.K., and offer him something no one else in the small town wanted to give; friendship. It was a friendship which seemed to cost too much for what it seemed worth. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47564 | Study Circle Zone
One of the nine point code of conduct for practice in our daily lives is “Regular Study of Sai Literature”. Study Circle is a wonderful tool that helps us engage in this spiritual discipline. The perspectives shared by all the members coupled with the life application of the values results in a deeper understanding of Swami’s teachings.
Here’s Swami’s own words on the purpose and significance of Study Circle:
“It is not just reading books. Circle, study circle means taking a point and each person discussing what is the meaning of the point to them—like a round table conference. Each person gives his point of view, and finally values are derived from this. If there is just reading, there is doubt, but if each one gives his view, doubts will be answered. The topic is viewed; the study circle looks at different facets. It is like a diamond with its different facets, but there is one facet that is flat, the top facet, and from this all can be viewed. To discover the top facet is the task [purpose] of study circle”.
– Conversation with Baba, Pg 125.
Here are a few resources that members would find useful in conducting study circle sessions in Sathya Sai centers and groups. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47580 | Framework and Language in the poem Quickdraw by simply Carol Ann Duffy
Framework and language
Quickdraw has several stanzas of four lines every single, two of that happen to be joined by simply enjambment, wherever one line persists into the next. There is no rhyme scheme or perhaps regular beat. The poem is largely created in totally free verse. Language
Quickdraw takes on on images associated with western (cowboy) videos, as it suggests. " Gunslingers" can be described as term used inside the western to spell out those who fight with guns, often shooting through the hip. The poem starts with replacing weapons with cell phones: " just like guns, slung from the storage compartments on my hips". Duffy is usually making a humorous touch upon the way in which human relationships can be just like a fight, or perhaps " showdown", but the symbolism also advises violence in the characters. There is a light-hearted disposition to the poem, created by images which have been typical of slapstick (physical humour): " I twirl the phone, /then squeeze the trigger of my tongue". Here the metaphor with the tongue being a weapon correctly describes an argument and is comedian when combined with the alliteration in the 't' seems. Punctuation is likewise used by Duffy to reveal the feelings in the speaker. In the first stanza a long opening sentence is usually followed by an extremely short 1 - " I'm all/alone. " - which produces tension within a comedic way, as we, such as the speaker, prepare for the buzzing of mobile phones. Punctuation can be again employed in this way in the final stanza, as the speaker " reel" s i9000 at the invoice of obtaining two sms at once. The girl composes her reply " Take this... /and this... which... and this... and this... ", which in turn sounds like the shots of a gun, or perhaps lots of kisses. The poem is actively ambiguous, so the meaning of the final line is open to interpretation. Perhaps the speaker is giving in, coming back again the " silver bullets of your kisses" with her own or it could this be 1 last attempt for a shootout? The poem also utilizes intimate physical words and phrases, indicating genuine closeness between the two lovers: " In my ear", " listen to me groan", " tongue",...
03.09.2019 The colonies in New England were satisfied by a group of separatists named the Puritans, which were a tightly knitted community depending on strong hope. This community..
03.09.2019 STATICAL STEADINESS TRANSVERSE STATICAL STABILITY The centre of gravity a body ‘G' is the point through which the force of the gravity is known as to act vertically downwards….. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47584 | I've only seen the TV series, but it seems that even though Night's Watch has got multiple castles situated on and near the wall and there might be patrols going between them on the wall, Castle Black is the only Night's Watch's location that is shown there. Did I miss any coverage of other Night's Watch's fortifications? Is there any action happening in the books?
• How far have you seen? – Edlothiad Sep 4 '17 at 13:30
• Up to the latest episode. – Worse_Username Sep 4 '17 at 13:34
• 2
@Worse_Username So you've seen Eastwatch then? – TheLethalCarrot Sep 4 '17 at 13:36
• Oh, I thought it was a wildling settlement? – Worse_Username Sep 4 '17 at 13:38
• That's Hardhome, though Tormund and other wildlings were guarding Eastwatch – TheLethalCarrot Sep 4 '17 at 13:40
There were originally 19 castles or fortifications on the wall1, however as numbers waned the Night's Watch became fewer and fewer. This left just Three Castles manned. Castle Black, which you mentioned is located towards the centre of the wall and is effectively Night's Watch HQ. The other two are Eastwatch-by-the-Sea and The Shadow Tower.
Let's start with the easier of the two.
The Shadow Tower
Game of Thrones
The Shadow Tower got only few mentions in the series. It first made an appearance when Qhorin Halfhand and some other Rangers joined Jon Snow in scouting out the Wildling Army. Qhorin, Stonesnake, Borba and Harker all died in that scouting after Jon was taken.
It's second appearance was after the death of the Old Bear, when the Commander of The Shadow Tower, Denys Mallister came to the elections of the new Lord Commander of the Night's Watch. Although he was experienced, he ended up losing to Jon Snow.
A Song of Ice and Fire
Qhorin Halfhand leads a ranging from the Shadow Tower in A Game of Thrones, he is however unsuccessful in finding Benjen Stark, First Ranger of the Night's Watch. In the book series, Jeor Mormont considers repopulating Stonedoor with men from the Shadow Tower. Another difference is that the Rangers with Qhorin during the scouting that die are Ebben, Dalbridge and Stonesnake. The men from the Shadow Tower travelling to Castle Black pick up Sam and Gilly en-route, taking them to Castle Black. Regular raids are also discussed at the Shadow Tower.
Game of Thrones
Eastwatch made a bigger appearance in Season 7, after the Fellowship of the Wights met there to make there ranging into the North. This is where Jon and co. met before they went North to capture a wight and bring it South. It was also the castle destroyed by the Night King. In Season 7 Tormund and his wildlings manned Eastwatch.
It had minor mentions before Season 7, such as Tywin send Janos Slynt there, and Stannis advising Jon to send Alliser Thorne there, Jon however ends up deciding he wants to keep Alliser close.
A Song of Ice and Fire
Like at the Shadow Tower, Jeor Mormont considers repopulating Long Barrow with men from Eastwatch, Alliser Thorne is also made Master-at-arms at Eastwatch. Stannis lands at Eastwatch to save Castle Black, and Sam and Gilly set off from Eastwatch with Maester Aemon.
Cotter Pyke takes 11 ships to save the people at Hardhome on a rescue mission. The Giants trying to cross the wall with their mammoths are also sent East to round the wall at Eastwatch as the mammoths are too large to cross the wall.
So although they're very minor, they did have mentions.
1 From West to East they are as follows.
• Westwatch-by-the-Bridge
• The Shadow Tower, commanded by Ser Denys Mallister
• Sentinel Stand
• Greyguard (mentioned in show)
• Stonedoor
• Hoarfrost Hill
• Icemark
• The Nightfort (mentioned in show)
• Deep Lake (mentioned in show)
• Queensgate
• Castle Black, commanded by the Lord Commander of the Night's Watch
• Oakenshield
• Woodswatch-by-the-Pool
• Sable Hall
• Rimegate
• Long Barrow
• The Torches
• Greenguard
• Eastwatch-by-the-Sea (Up until S7. gg Eastwatch)
• Might be worth noting, as I've just done, that Eastwatch is now no more. – TheLethalCarrot Sep 4 '17 at 13:49
• @TheLethalCoder He can have mine for it though. – Darren Sep 4 '17 at 13:49
• 1
@TheLethalCoder between writing out the list and writing the answer I'd already forgotten, RIP Easty-watch, we'll miss you. – Edlothiad Sep 4 '17 at 13:50
• I think you'll find that it's Squire Dalbridge. – Mike.C.Ford Sep 4 '17 at 14:23
• Where am I finding a squire? It's also Ser Alliser Thorne, you'll notice I didn't care too much for the details – Edlothiad Sep 4 '17 at 15:11
There are numerous "castles" along The Wall. The show only seems to show two of these, though I believe other's may be mentioned:
• Castle Black Castle Black
• Eastwatch Eastwatch
There are other castles along The Wall, I believe these are the ones mentioned in the show:
• The Shadow Tower
• Deep Lake
• Nightfort
• Greyguard
Note that The Wall is long, around 300 miles, so patrols between the castles is unlikely. As The Wall is so tall and the only ways through are at the castles only the immediate area surrounding them appears to be guarded. This is further reinforced by that the Nights Watch are short on men and only appear to occupy Castle Black, Eastwatch and The Shadow Tower.
The following map also shows the rest of the Castles along The Wall:
The Wall map
Note that as of Seaosn 7 episode 7 Eastwatch appears to have been destroyed:
Source: Game of Thrones wikia
In the books, the only castles that are manned are Eastwatch, Castle Black and the Shadow Tower. The other sixteen are deserted and sealed up. I believe that there were never more than seventeen of the nineteen castles in use at any one time. There are occasional patrols by rangers and builders along the wall above the abandoned castles to check its condition and look for signs of wildlings.
Your Answer
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47594 | Afrikaners in Perth
I’m very excited today. My post about celebrating our 10 year anniversary in Perth has just been published in the on-line edition of a South African magazine after I translated it into Afrikaans. This is the link:
The original English version is here:
14 thoughts on “Afrikaners in Perth
1. Wow! Congradulations Christina.
10 years in this great southern land was a great read. What courage you and your family have to pack up and leave ones country and move to another country without knowing anyone.
Liked by 1 person
• Something similar sometimes happens to me at work – I’ll be talking away in English and notice that I’ve thrown in an Afrikaans word without realising! I’ll quickly correct myself and nobody’s ever asked me about the “nonsensical” sounds I’ve uttered. It’s so funny, but it’s just second nature.
Liked by 1 person
2. Ek hoop hulle het jou betaal!! 😉
We’ve been in Ireland for almost 15 years and can understand the difficulties of moving to another country. At least you have better weather than what we have here!! 😀
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47604 | 0 days 0 hrs 0 mins 0 secs
Header term explained
Header means hat, top. This is the upper part of the site that the user sees, when comes to the page. It can be separated by feature or have a color different from that of the main block.
The components of the header:
• The header usually are the following elements:
• The name of the resource;
• Slogan;
• Logo;
• Contact information;
• Menu.
The header is an important part of the presentation of the website. How carefully it is designed, depends, whether there will be a visitor on the website. Here, in the first few seconds will play the role of his design and then the horizontal menu. It should help the user navigate the page and spend it to the required information.
As the theater begins with a hanger, so the website begins with header.
SEO dictionary search terms and definitions list glossary |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47608 | We must admit we're kind of fascinated, in the bad way, by people who steal babies and pretend the babies are theirs. It intrigues the same part of our brain that reads stories about cat hoarders. This probably says something very bad about us, doesn't it? (On the bright side, none of our friends will ever ask us to baby-or cat-sit for them ever again.)
In San Jose, a 3-month-old baby from Reno has been recovered after a family friend "borrowed" him in a weird scam. The parents, visiting Tulare, hired a friend of a friend to babysit for a day. The sitter then borrowed a car from her church, ran off to Morgan Hill, found an ex-boyfriend getting out of jail on a public intoxication charge, said she'd had his baby, and made like the baby was hers when meeting her ex's family.
Turns out the sitter has a criminal record, and the authorities found a large number of diapers in the back of her car, indicating that she probably wasn't planning on returning the child.
The baby, reunited with his actual mother, from ABC30 in Fresno. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47612 | For Women
For Women
Preventing Hair Loss With Early Detection
Hair loss can come in many forms. No matter how or when hair loss starts, you should know that affordable and easy-to-use solutions exist for stopping and preventing hair loss. Most importantly, you should know the one universally accepted fact about effective treatment: Hair loss in women is more common…
January 2, 2020
For Women
Shapiro MD for Women – How To Maximize Your Results
Most women have different hairloss goals than men, and therefore different requirments for using the Shapiro MD hair loss solution. In this article, you will learn how to effectively use Shapiro MD as a woman. Our naturally occurring ingredients are the fertilizer you use to help your garden grow. Using…
Shapiro MD
May 8, 2019 |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47628 | Belmondo 12oz Candle by YOWIE
1. Decor + Objects
2. Eating + Drinking
3. Home for Plants
4. Paper + Art
5. SALE
6. Smells + Candles
7. Textiles + Soft Things
Belmondo 12oz Candle by YOWIE
Belmondo 12oz Candle by YOWIE
YOWIE – $ 35.00
"A cigarette sat perfectly perched in the corner of his mouth. It seemed to have a permanent home there. He was very attracted to trouble, clumsily falling through life, and the hearts of many women, he was incredibly good at making apologies. He monogrammed his only white shirt one Summer because he thought it made him seem worldly."
Notes: Red Currant | Galbanum | Potting Soil
12oz Soy and Coconut Wax Candle in clear glass container, handpoured in Philadelphia
Label designed by Rush Jackson |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47629 | ‘A Telephone Call’ by Dorothy Parker
parker, dorothy 1928
A Telephone Call by Dorothy Parker, 1928
The magic trick:
Tucking a dark detail amidst the nervous energy of the narration in order to open the possible backstory up into an entirely new place
It’s not difficult to pick a Dorothy Parker story out of a crowd. Her voice is so specific and dominant, and, if you’re of my opinion, a little overbearing. In this story, though, she does something clever about halfway through. She has her narrator break from her obsessive analysis of her situation for a moment and ask God’s forgiveness. Parker has played the story for laughs up to that point but now suddenly the reader is left to imagine the narrator not as a silly victim of misplaced affections but perhaps as a guilty party who is not worthy of our sympathy. It’s only one paragraph but it casts the story in an entirely different light. And that’s quite a trick on Parker’s part.
The selection:
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April 13 2012
Top 5 Tech Ideas for Creating Better Explanatory Journalism
Last year, Jay Rosen's journalism students spent an entire semester researching and making explanations in partnership with ProPublica, a non-profit newsroom which focuses on investigative journalism. The class did amazing work to highlight notable examples and develop their own "explainers," essential background knowledge to help people follow events and trends in the news. One of my favorite examples is this project from 2011, where students redesigned the same ProPublica background article as a video, a podcast, and an FAQ.
NYU's Explainer class focused especially on two things: presentation and conversation. They talked to cognitive psychologists like George Lakoff to learn how audiences take in what we read. They highlighted numerous presentation examples -- videos, timelines, infographics, mini-sites, aggregators, podcasts, interactive guides, flowcharts, and even a picture book by Google! The class at NYU also pointed out that explaining is often a conversation. In their journalist's guide to developing FAQs, the class suggests techniques for discovering what people need to know. I loved their advice on listening to readers.
Where can we innovate?
This term, I'm taking Ethan Zuckerman's Participatory News class from the point of view of a technology designer who wants to build tools to support great journalism. As we write stories and review other people's work, we're keeping our eyes open for parts of the process which technology can improve. As a startup guy, I also keep an eye open for alternative business models. Here are my top tech recommendations for supporting better explainers:
1. Peer Production
Jay points out in his "National Explainer" essay that it's OK to start with the clueless journalist. When learning how to explain something, our initial ignorance helps us appreciate where our audiences are coming from. This approach assumes that a professional journalist is doing the work; where else might we find uninformed, capable people to develop explainers?
I think we should take inspiration from Wikipedia to develop strategies for peer production of explanatory journalism, especially for issues that journalists can't or don't cover. Online communities like Metafilter have proven their ability to cooperate on investigations on occasion. How can we extend that to explanations? We could also draw inspiration from Instructables and CommonCraft, online communities of people who share video instructions and explanations.
Building online communities is hard. Instead of developing an "explainer" community, I would build a toolkit which existing communities can use when they feel the need to investigate and explain an issue.
2. Finding Voices
Many of the explainers in Jay's class involve narrative. "The Giant Pool of Money" succeeded because This American Life found the right cast of characters to illustrate a complex issue. But finding the right people is really hard, especially if you're not a mainstream media organization. Source databases such as The Public Insight Network can help, but it's a closed system unavailable outside of newsrooms. Social media networks through groups like Global Voices get us part of the way, but only as far as the people who might know those we're looking for.
3. Organizing Research
Explainers are by definition hard to organize and research. They're the messy, complicated issues that don't appear to make much sense. Often the story arc isn't apparent until partway through the project. It can become easy to get lost in the forest of information. As the pile of research grows, it can be difficult to follow the structure of a complex system or pull together the information you need for that next interview.
The most widely used writing tools are terrible at helping people organize and understand their information. I have written elsewhere about my use of software like Eastgate's Tinderbox to organize research around a complex issue. I think we need more of that kind of software (James Fallows' article on "Mac Programs that Come with Thinking Caps On" is a great place to start).
4. Rhetorical Forms
All storytelling on computers is in its early stages; we haven't agreed on very many common literary forms. Beyond the FAQ, the Timeline, and the illustrated lecture, most explainers require a custom rhetorical form. That's bad for anyone who wants to put a deadline on a project.
That's why I love The Explainer Awards that Jay and his students held. Awards are a great way to create norms and highlight innovation -- they have been an effective model as far back as 5th century Athens. But we need to take this further. An effective awards program would bring together finalists in each category to discuss common challenges and build technologies to solve those problems.
5. Conversation
A version of this post first appeared on MIT Civic Media Center's blog.
Don't be the product, buy the product! |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47657 | TP Information Video
TP Information Video
Posted on 02/22/2019
TP Information video
To learn more about the district's Transitional Primary program, please watch the video at this link: TP Video
Or wait for video to load below:
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47674 | • Welcome, friend we haven't met yet, to our slice of roleplay paradise.
Feel free to look around, browse a bit. To join the community, register now!
PG-18 Legacy Lounge 2.0 (OOC)
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I put the ass in potassium deficiency
Welcome to The Legacy Bar and Lounge, an extra-dimensional place of fun and relaxation. How you got here isn't important, whether it was intentionally or accidental, as there are many ways into Legacy. The Legacy is a pocket dimension owned by an old and powerful Sorceress. This lounge is a safe haven for all, humans and non. Outfitted with spectral servants and dimensional magics, The Legacy is an extravagant hangout that offers just about anything one might desire. The bar has no one tending, but any food or drink one might want magically appears in front of them the second they ask.
Though The Legacy might seem small at first glance, it strangely never runs out of space to fit more patrons. There is a small stage and dance floor to one side of the room, and towards another there are bar games such as darts and billiards. All of the furniture found in The Legacy is of the highest quality and extremely comfortable.
The Legacy is only one floor, but on that floor is everything one might want from an establishment such as this. The owner has been very meticulous with adding more and more things for bar-goers to do, and if something cannot be found within the walls of the Legacy, she will obtain it one way or another.
While there seems to be few employees other than vague figures of people who appear and disappear, there is one person who calls themselves The Manager. Any problems or queries may go through this manager and they will speak to The Owner on your behalf. It is advised to not harass The Manager or any of their fellow spectral servants.
1. No fighting IC or OOC. Characters that start physical fights will be magically booted out of the bar by the Owner herself. Characters can verbally argue without being tossed out, but if any magic or weapons are used to harm another person, they get the boot. These characters can come back if they promise not to fight. Players that start fights with other players won't be allowed back in the RP.
2. Nothing sexual is allowed. This RP isn't in the 18+ section. If two consenting adult players wanna do some erotica, do so elsewhere. Romance is fine, so long as it doesn't get far.
3. Please post a short bio of your character before hopping in, just so we know what they look like. Small sheet will be posted below.
4. This is a walk-in but try not to leave other players in the dust. I might tell two players to slow down for a bit if they go for 3 or more pages by themselves. Slow players like to have fun too and it's hard to have fun when you don't know what's happening.
5. Don't go overboard on the alcohol. I'm allowing drinking to an extent, but if your character ends up becoming too inappropriate, I will tell you to remove them. Flirting and romantic encounters are fine, but sexual harassment is not.
6. If you're not sure on something, ask me questions, but this is pretty open. Most characters are welcome here and encouraged to have fun. There may be some characters I won't allow, but I'll let you know. Usually these characters will be something wildly inappropriate or something that I know will bother other people in the RP, as well as turn off other people who might want to join. I generally don't want fandom OCs, but I can make exceptions if it's not too blatantly filled with fandom references. Please no canon fandom characters.
7. If a player is making you uncomfortable either with their character or just with themselves, please come to me and I will deal with it. If needed, I will take such situations to the staff of the site.
8. A walk-in RP doesn't mean free reign! I will call players out if I have to. Be respectful about boundaries and stop doing things if the player asks you to. Just don't be a dick and we can all get along.
Name: Bishop
Gender: Agender (they/them)
Race: Shadow Servant
Appearance: Humanoid in appearance, dark gray skin and longer black hair. Bright yellowish-white eyes. Indeterminate gender. Simple clothing. Has an ethereal voice. Looks to be roughly in their mid-teens but who knows how old they really are.
Last edited:
I put the ass in potassium deficiency
I'm gonna have to say no to that one because of a certain obsession that I know makes a handful of people uncomfortable.
I put the ass in potassium deficiency
I'll be putting up my own characters here soon, then starting up a quick IC thread so people can just hop in whenever. Should be done sometime today!
Lily Flower Goddess
gen.: female
apperance: short-5'2; skinny; long black ombré to burgundy hair; pale with a TOOOON of freckles; baby blue eyes; hearing aids in her ears;a burn on the left eye that covers most of her face.
lilian is my deaf oc and she has a dog that is a catahulu named bella rose that she keeps with her. lilian is a total badass bitch if you mess with her.
Good people are few and far between, cherish them.
Staff member
Name: Tiff
Gender: Female
Languages: American Sign Language (ASL)
Appearance: 5' 1, with long silvery hair, little sister look.
About: Tiff has never been able to speak vocally, she learned ASL at the age most kids would start to learn to speak. She enjoys having conversations with people, though it can be hard to find a conversation partner if they don't understand ASL. She is 22.
Name: Genna
Gender: Male
Languages: English, (ASL)
Appearance: 6' 2, strong figure that has short brown hair. Kinda built like a football player.
About: Genna is big and strong but don't let his looks deceive you, he is a big ol teddy bear. He had meet Tiff a while back and they had been friends ever since. He protects Tiff, and is 25.
Hope these are ok for the lounge. I will write them up tomorrow after work, or maybe during. Haven't decided yet.
I put the ass in potassium deficiency
Name: Zarina
Race: Familiar/Fire Spirit
Gender: Female
Appearance: Zarina can technically look however she wants or however her master wants her to appear, so long as it is humanoid. Her appearance will always have the ears and a tail of a Savannah Cat. Her true form, in which she can revert if needed, is one of a large Savannah Cat with bright yellow eyes.
She stands roughly 6 feet in this appearance. She likes to be tall.
Not open for further replies. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47676 | Sonic Boom Tv logo
This object exists primarily within the Sonic Boom continuity.
Quotation1 You were too beautiful to live... Quotation2
Dr. Eggman, "The Curse of Buddy Buddy Temple"
The Eggmobile is a vehicle that appears in the Sonic Boom franchise. It is a one-person, multi-purpose hovercraft used by Dr. Eggman as his personal means of transportation and attack vehicle. The Eggmobile is fitted with a wide array of weapons, and serves as well as both the cockpit for larger machines and an escape pod when Eggman's creations are inevitably defeated by Sonic the Hedgehog and/or his allies. Of all his machines, Dr. Eggman is especially fond of the Eggmobile, referring to it as his "baby".[1]
Egg Mobile triple cart
The Eggmobile with its side cars attached.
The Eggmobile is a white and spherical single-person pod. It has no seat or back frame. Its lower hemisphere is black and on each side it has a glowing orange stripe and a backward-facing engine with a vent on the front. The front has three blue LED bulbs inside a circle for headlights and a pair of smaller turrets. The control panel is placed on the front with a pair of handles for steering and several instruments. Additionally, it can be equipped with two one-winged sidecars for carrying additional passengers.[1]
Up front, the Eggmobile has a pink windshield with black tints along the sides. On a few occasions however, it has appeared without it.
Features and abilities
As mentioned above, the Eggmobile is able to hover in the air and can move at incredible speeds with great maneuverability, matching that of Team Sonic's high-speed running and the Tornado.[2] While usually controlled manually, the Eggmobile has an autopilot that lets it move around on its own so it can set itself up for Eggman to use it.[3] It has as well a highly modular design, able to utilize a wide array of weapons. This include:
• A missile launcher powerful enough to blow up roads[4][5]
• Cannonballs[4]
• Twin laser turrets powerful enough to shoot clean through Obliterator Bot's armor.[6] When joined together, they can blow up entire houses[7]
• A concussive front beam cannon which can move or shatter large boulders.[8][9]
• A retractable laser gun mounted on the bottom[10]
Other gadget attachments and features include:
• A storage compartment on the bottom for deploying Badniks[11]
• A P.A. system[12]
• A tether with an "attraction ray" for picking up objects[1][2][13]
• A standard claw hand of varying design for snatching targets and items[12][14]
• A mechanical hand that acts independently on its own[15]
• Smaller mechanical arms for delicate operations[16]
• A noisy super-vacuum machine[16]
• A vehicle horn[17]
• A change cup[18]
Eggman Mech Profile
The Eggmobile in the Eggman Mech.
The Eggmobile can also act as a command module for Eggman's larger machines, such as his Eggman Mech, the Wave Machine and the Big Boy. In the chase of the Eggman Mech and the Wave Machine, when it is inevitably destroyed, the Eggmobile then serves as an escape pod, allowing the pilot to eject mostly unharmed from the larger machine. While its side cars are attached, their functions can be operated from the Eggmobile's main pod.[15] Conversely, the side carts can be used to operate the Eggmobile's main pod.[5] Like the wrist controller, the Eggmobile can also control Eggman's Badniks.[19][20] In terms of structural integrity though, the Eggmobile is not completely infallible as extensive damage can leave it so frail that one misplaced hit can disable it.
• The submarine module.
• The car module.
The Eggmobile has a couple of exclusive modules for different situations:
• Submarine module: For underwater operations, the Eggmobile has its own egg-shaped casing with glass dome that can turn it into a submarine pod. In addition, the casing has hatches and recesses through which the Eggmobile can utilize its gadgets, like its claw hand.[21]
• Car module: For auto races, the Eggmobile has its own four-wheeled racing car-based module which it can insert itself into as its cockpit. In addition to possessing top-notch speed and handeling, this module comes equipped with a number of gadgets and weapons, including missiles, hover units that deploy spiked trip wires, and smoke bombs.[22]
Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric
Egg Mobile Rise of Lyric
The Eggmobile in Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric.
When Dr. Eggman was having his plans foiled by Team Sonic, he fled using his Eggmobile while leading the heroes to Lyric's Tomb to set them on the path to releasing Lyric the Last Ancient. After Lyric was freed, Eggman faced him in his Eggmobile to make him hand over his technological secrets with Lyric's Destruction Troops. However, Lyric retook control of his robots, forcing Eggman to make an uneasy partnership with him, where he would use his Eggmobile to pursue Team Sonic and try to stop them from getting the Chaos Crystals. After Lyric dissolved their partnership by making Metal Sonic attack Eggman and his Eggmobile, Eggman used his Eggmobile as the control module for his Eggman Mech to dispose of Lyric, but then had to use it as an escape vehicle when Team Sonic disabled the mech. In Team Sonic's final battle with Lyric, Eggman and his Eggmobile-controlled Eggman Mech saved the team from Lyric, though the Eggmobile and the mech reached their limit from the effort and collapsed.
Sonic Boom: Fire & Ice
The Eggmobile with Sonic in tow.
Seeking to ruin Sonic's reputation as the fastest of all, the Eggmobile was used by Eggman to pick up Sonic for a number of trips to Thunder Island to race his EggBot Racers. Of all of them, only one trip did not go as planned. Eggman later used his vehicle to escape Ragna Rock after his plans were ruined.
TV series
Season one
Eggmobile magnet
The Eggmobile preparing to haul Burnbot back home.
On a day of battling Sonic, Eggman tried escaping in his Eggmobile until he sicced Burnbot at Sonic. When Burnbot was defeated, Eggman had his Eggmobile haul Burnbot back home. Later, as Eggman raced against Tails and the Tornado during Sonic's sidekick try-outs with his Eggmobile, he used it to pull in Burnbot who made Tails crash. However, after Sonic helped beat Burnbot, Eggman fled in his Eggmobile.[2] When Obliterator Bot went rampant and trashed his fortress, Eggman used his Eggmobile to follow Team Sonic there after recruiting their help.[23]
Tails in an Egg Mobile Sonic Boom
Tails' miniature Eggmobile.
When Tails turned evil by an Evil Cookie, he used an Eggmobile for his size to attack Sonic. He abandoned it once he returned to normal.[24] The Eggmobile was later put on sale by Orbot and Cubot to earn money for Eggman's jail bail. However, T.W. Barker scammed himself to the Eggmobile without charge.[25] Later, Eggman used, the Eggmobile to announce the arrival of Cowbot to Team Sonic before returning home.[26]
The Eggmobile was again used by Eggman for an invasion of Seaside Island, but had to flee in it after Knuckles destroyed his most powerful robot, the Mega.[7] Following an encounter with a body-swapping meteor, Sonic, having switched bodies with Eggman, used the Eggmobile to get around as Eggman's body was too hard to run with.[1] In the ensuing period, Eggman would use the Eggmobile to either depart after defeat,[27] battle Sonic,[28] or just survey the battlefield.[29][30]
While caught in a time loop, the Eggmobile was used by Eggman to steal movies from the rental store for a plan to defeat Team Sonic (which failed).[31] Then, when Eggman discovered a Granifer Giganticus, he used the Eggmobile to bring a swarm of Bee Bots to capturing him, only to retreat when Sonic made the Bee Bots attack him.[11] The Eggmobile was later used by Eggman to fight Sonic, their battle eventually taking them into Buddy Buddy Temple where the Eggmobile was disabled after falling through a floor. As Sonic and Eggman worked to escape the temple using the Eggmobile, it was swallowed by a lava pit trap,[32] though Eggman eventually rebuilt it.
When Nominatus took control of Eggman's systems, the doctor fled from his Bee Bots in the Eggmobile to Team Sonic for protection, and later to return home with his lackeys once Nominatus was destroyed.[33] After being destroyed in a battle with Sonic, Eggman had a new Eggmobile ready the next day to attack Sonic with again. However it too got damaged, though Eggman managed to use it for one last, but fruitless attack.[34] During an attempt to destroy Team Sonic with the Eggmobile, Eggman got bested when they used his tech against him. Eggman thus deserted technology, except his Eggmobile which he had Orbot and Cubot drag around, though he used it normally again to join Team Sonic in stopping the Lightning Bolt Society.[8]
Hail Eggman
Eggman and his Eggmobile next to Eggman's amusement part statue.
Using the Eggmobile to reach the Village, Eggman had his army of Swifty the Shrew robots tear the Village down. However, Sonic saved the day and sent Eggman flying by tampering with the Eggmobile.[35] After using it to escaped from his defeat at Monkey-Boy's,[36] Eggman used the Eggmobile to deploy his Spider Bombs, only for it to be heavily damaged by his Explode-o-nuts due to Team Sonic. However, Eggman quickly fixed it and used it to visit Sticks' yard sale.[37]
When shooting a mind-enslavement movie, Eggman used the Eggmobile as both a stage prop, transportation around the set, and get-away vehicle after he got Sonic to perform.[38] The Eggmobile was later used by both Eggman, Orbot and Cubot to survey two attacks which were foiled by Team Sonic. It was then used for a sneak attack on Sonic, but the hedgehog used the Eggmobile to his advantage by having its claw weapon herd in sheep and disorient its passengers before Spin Attacking it away.[15] Another time when Eggman was taking his Eggmobile to the Village, Dave the Intern accidentally made it topple a tree with its laser which knocked Eggman out.[39]
Eggman attacks with Ball Bots
Eggman attacks with his Ball Bots in his Eggmobile.
On New Year's Eve, Eggman used the Eggmobile to reach the Village Center twice to fight Sonic (where it got damaged on the first trip), both of which failed.[40] It was later used again by Eggman for a trip to the Village's post office to get a package,[41] and to lead an attack on the studio of the Comedy Chimp Show.[42] Eggman later used it for a raid of Tails' Workshop, but only to flee in shame in it after Team Sonic stopped him.[43] During another battle with Team Sonic, Eggman employed the Eggmobile, although Amy would knock it over the horizon with Eggman (after she and Eggman agreed to a Fuzzy Puppies session).[44]
On a mission, Eggman had the Eggmobile empty a toy-and-game factory until Team Sonic stopped him. It was soon after used to haul some stolen gear to a battle with Sonic which Eggman ultimately lost.[16] Eggman also rode the Eggmobile during a test of his new Obliterator Bot which Team Sonic foiled while damaging the Eggmobile, and for a rampage to steal a trophy which Team Sonic stopped too, with Amy sending Eggman and the Eggmobile flying.[45] Then, when Team Eggman (Eggman's league of villains) attacked Team Sonic, Eggman used the Eggmobile to battle the heroes, and to follow Sonic and Shadow's fight when the latter took over when Team Eggman was losing. When Shadow left the fight and Team Eggman was beaten, Team Sonic started juggling with Eggman and his Eggmobile as payback.[46]
Season two
Eggman spearheading his attack on Tommy.
After the Eggmobile was sent flying by Team Sonic when Eggman menaced a baker with it, it was used again to spearhead an attack on Tommy Thunder, which Sonic foiled.[47] Another time, Eggman headed to the Village Center in his Eggmobile to show his Mega Microwave Water Vaporizer, only to watch his machine get destroyed from his vehicle.[48] The Eggmobile was later used by Eggman to ambush the Unnamed Village with his Badniks while Sonic was absent. Eggman subsequently left in his Eggmobile when Sonic returned and turned Eggman's attack against him.[49]
Prepped by Cubot, the Eggmobile was taken out by Eggman, Orbot and Cubot for an attempt to attack Sonic. However, the Eggmobile and its passengers were sent flying by Team Sonic after the heroes assembled and saved Sonic.[50] Using the Eggmobile to escape another defeat, Eggman would implement it as the command module for his Wave Machine. While Eggman used his pod-encapsulated Eggmobile to battle Team Sonic in the sea when they confronted him, the vehicle and Eggman got swept away by Eggman's own redirected machine.[9] Eggman later rode around in the Eggmobile while conducting a mind-control scheme, but fled in it with Orbot and Cubot when Team Sonic thwarted his plan.[51] On another occasion, Eggman used his Eggmobile to lead an attack on the Village until it accidently got repelled by Obliterator Bot. It was not long after that, that the Eggmobile was used by Eggman to transport several copies of Tails from his lair to Tails' Workshop.[17]
The Eggmobile with new passengers.
Having gone home in the Eggmobile alone without Orbot and Cubot after a failed attack, Eggman used his vehicle to travel between his lair and the Village Center a few times, both with and without new employees, as he dealt with his robots' strike action.[52] For a scheme to steal Tails' newest invention, Orbot used the Eggmobile to make an explosion that distracted Tails while he stole the invention. Soon after, Eggman took a trip to the Village Center in the Eggmobile to take credit for the events leading up to the nullification of a law.[5] Eggman later rode the Eggmobile into another battle with Team Sonic, only to retreat in it when he lost.[53]
The Eggmobile was used by Eggman soon after as he set out to trap Team Sonic, only for Eggman to flee in it when his plan went awry. He later used the Eggmobile to flee from a mech suit-wearing Sonic, until Sonic blew the pod to pieces.[3] Eggman would later use his Eggmobile to spearhead two separate attacks on Sonic, and later his entire team, in the Village Center. Both times though, Eggman would leave in defeat with his Eggmobile.[54] The Eggmobile would also be ridden around by Eggman during and after his failed excavation search of Ancient mech suits.[55] Eggman soon after took the Eggmobile out for an attack, but it and Eggman got knocked away by Sonic when Eggman got distracted.[56] Said vehicle was soon after ridden around by Eggman once more while he conducted another (failing) plot to destroy the Village.[57]
Give Bees A Chance promo 4
Eggman stealing the Fregosi Sapphire with the Eggmobile.
For his theft of the Fregosi Sapphire, Eggman used his Eggmobile to snatch the gem, only to pit it against Team Sonic and ultimately flee in it when the team foiled his plan. Taking the Eggmobile out again for a succesful retrieval of the Fregosi Sapphire, Eggman rode it around as he conducted his plans with the gem (which were soon foiled too).[14] Eggman would soon after use the Eggmobile to coordinate his Badniks during an attack on Team Sonic. Once he lost, Eggman left in said vehicle.[19] The Eggmobile was later used again by Eggman, Orbot and Cubot as their ride during an attempted attack on the Village. No sooner, Eggman rode his Eggmobile into battle with Nominatus, Beta and Retro, which ended with Eggman returning to his lair with his three foes caught in a jar.[58] Eggman later took his Eggmobile out on an attempt to beat Sonic (which failed). He and Morpho rode said vehicle around afterward when they attacked Sonic again. When that attempt failed, Sonic knocked the Eggmobile into the jungle with its passengers, where it crashed, forcing Eggman and Morpho to get home manually.[59] Putting his next plan into action, Eggman rode around in his Eggmobile when he wound up fighting Team Sonic again. It was then that Eggman got knocked away in his Eggmobile by widabits that ran through the area.[60]
When Team Sonic held a charity car wash, Eggman brought his Eggmobile to this event. There, he attacked the team when he thought they had stolen change from the Eggmobile. After Mighton and Bolts helped beat Team Sonic, Eggman took them to his lair in the Eggmobile.[18] Shortly thereafter, Eggman fitted the vehicle with underwater gear and used it to retrieve Hypnobot from the bottom of a lake.[21] Gaining Hypnobot as his ally, Eggman invaded Morristown in his Eggmobile using his army and Hypnobot's aid. When the invasion went south though, Eggman retreated from Morristown in his Eggmobile.[61] Eggman later went out in his Eggmobile for some candy, only to return empty-handed after Team Sonic got in the way. Eggman soon took the Eggmobile out for another attempt though, which had much more success.[62] The Eggmobile was soon used by Eggman again as his means of reaching and escaping Hedgehog Village when he made another failed attempt to attack said settlement.[63] When later luring Team Sonic into a trap (which ultimately failed), Eggman rode around in his Eggmobile while attacking the team with his robots.[64]
Eggman threatening the villagers with his Eggmobile.
After taking the Eggmobile out to shop, Eggman tried using its laser to threaten the villagers when they made fun of him, but Sonic quickly broke it. Weeks later, Eggman used the Eggmobile while committing a minor robbery, which Team Sonic stopped.[10] T.W. Barker soon after took possession of the Eggmobile when he tricked Eggman into signing his properties over to him. When Barker used the Eggmobile to spearhead an attack on Team Sonic however, it got shot down by Badniks that Eggman had infected with a virus. Once he had forced Barker to give him back his properties, Eggman used the Eggmobile to battle Team Sonic.[65] Eggman later rode around in his Eggmobile while looking for the Tummel Crystal in Buddy Buddy Temple, during which he met the Froglodytes. Seeing Eggman fly around in the Eggmobile made the Froglodytes assume that Eggman was a magic king, and they offered him their services. To maintain this ruse, Eggman stayed in his Eggmobile while using the Froglodytes for his search. However, after Sonic showed up, he would knock Eggman off the Eggmobile, exposing his fraud to the Froglodytes.[66]
When Cubot got blown away from the lair after getting the Anti Gravity Ray stuck on him, which turned Cubot into a floating gravity field that picked up anything and scrambled his mind, Eggman used his Eggmobile to follow Cubot in an attempt to stop his rampage. However, the Eggmobile (minus Eggman) ended up caught in Cubot's gravity field until Team Sonic stopped Cubot.[67] The Eggmobile was later ridden around by Eggman and his lackeys while they used a mind-controlled Team Cybonic. After Team Sonic freed the team however, the two groups juggled around the Eggmobile while Eggman and co. were onboard as payback.[68] Eggman would soon after attack Sonic, Tails and Knuckles with his Badniks while riding his Eggmobile. During the fight however, baby Chumley ended up in the Eggmobile, where he would mess with its console. This caused the Eggmobile, along with the Badniks, to shut down, allowing Team Sonic to defeat Eggman.[20]
Ov9ncw4KFF1u5cb23o4 1280
Eggman racing with his Eggmobile.
On Race Day, Eggman competed in the event's auto race in his Eggmobile, which he equipped with its car module in order to participate. With his race-tuned Eggmobile and its gadgets (and some luck), Eggman stood to win the race. However, Eggman got delayed by his own showboating, thus allowing Sonic to claim victory.[22] Eggman soon after rode around in his Eggmobile again when attacking Team Sonic until Sonic sent both him and the Eggmobile flying.[69] When Sonic later tried to deliver Eggman's Meh Burger orders within three minutes, Eggman appeared in his Eggmobile to delay Sonic so he would be humiliated. During this attempt, Eggman used his Eggmobile to attack Sonic, but crashed. Less than a minute later, Eggman would attack Sonic with the Eggmobile again, only for Sonic to mess up its windshield, which made Eggman attack his own company.[6]
Eggman eventually used his Eggmobile when he fought Sonic again. However, it crashed when Sonic knocked a Badnik into it. Repairing it, Eggman would use his Eggmobile while he went about mo-capping the moves of Team Sonic, himself, and eventually Shadow (whom Eggman deceived into performing for him), for a video game.[70][71] When Shadow came after Eggman to pay him back for his deceit however, Eggman escaped the black hedgehog in the Eggmobile when he closed in on him. The vehicle was soon after brought into another dimension that Eggman hid out in. When Sonic and Shadow came to that dimension, Eggman used the Eggmobile to keep up with the two hedgehogs while he and Metal Sonic fought them. Eventually, the four crossed into their home dimension, where the Eggmobile got taken out.[71]
Archie Comics
Egg Mobile disassembled
The Eggmobile's remains, from Sonic Boom #4.
Following the creation of the Big Boy, Eggman used the Eggmobile as the mech's command module to battle Team Sonic twice. Each time through, the mech was defeated and heavily damaged,[72][73] and when Eggman tried to deploy it again after its repairs, it and the Eggmobile fell apart due to Orbot and Cubot.[74] When Eggman deployed the Big Boy for a fourth time, both the mech and the Eggmobile fell apart after Sticks used the Rock of Justice on them, leaving the doctor and his lackeys with nothing but the floating remains of the Eggmobile to escape on.[75] He eventually repaired the Eggmobile which he used to escape Team Sonic after distracting them with his robots.[76]
Other game appearances
Sonic Dash 2: Sonic Boom
Eggman Sonic Dash 2
The Eggmobile in Sonic Dash 2: Sonic Boom.
In Sonic Dash 2: Sonic Boom, the Eggmobile is depicted without its windshield, like in Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric. In this game, Eggman always flies in it whenever the player begins on a new run. Later updates to the game sought to that Eggman and his Eggmobile could be fought during certain events as the game's only boss.
• In the opening cutscenes of Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric, the two jets on the sides of the Eggmobile's rear serve as rocket engines, blasting blue flames out as the vehicle zooms forward. However, during the TV series, they are replaced with propellers similar to those inside jet turbines.
Concept artwork
See also
1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Van Liemt, Romain; Derrien, Christophe (21 February 2015). "The Meteor". Sonic Boom. Season 1. Episode 14. Cartoon Network.
2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Banker, Mark; Lieblich, Doug (8 November 2014). "The Sidekick". Sonic Boom. Season 1. Episode 1. Cartoon Network.
4. 4.0 4.1 Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric
5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Grenier, Benoit (21 January 2017). "The Evil Dr. Orbot". Sonic Boom. Season 2. Episode 63. Boomerang.
6. 6.0 6.1 Gutierrez, Freddie (30 September 2017). "Three Minutes or Less". Sonic Boom. Season 2. Episode 97. Boomerang.
7. 7.0 7.1 Polsky, Dave (14 February 2015). "Unlucky Knuckles". Sonic Boom. Season 1. Episode 13. Cartoon Network.
8. 8.0 8.1 Harrison, Reed (16 May 2015). "Eggman Unplugged". Sonic Boom. Season 1. Episode 26. Cartoon Network.
10. 10.0 10.1 Freiberger, Sam (8 July 2017). "Mister Eggman". Sonic Boom. Season 2. Episode 87. Boomerang.
12. 12.0 12.1 Sonic Boom: Fire & Ice
13. Sonic Boom Commentary: Ep 14 - Meteor with guest Mike Pollock. YouTube (22 February 2015). Retrieved on 3 September 2016. “Bill Freiberger: It's not a magnet. It's a higher technology, something like an "attraction ray" that attracts whatever it needs to.”
14. 14.0 14.1 Robinson, Cindy (25 March 2017). "Give Bees A Chance". Sonic Boom. Season 2. Episode 72. Boomerang.
15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 Denton, Alan; Hahn, Greg (22 July 2015). "Just a Guy". Sonic Boom. Season 1. Episode 34. Cartoon Network.
16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 Harrison, Reid (17 October 2015). "Designated Heroes". Sonic Boom. Season 1. Episode 48. Cartoon Network.
19. 19.0 19.1 Sellner, Joelle (1 April 2017). "Mombot". Sonic Boom. Season 2. Episode 73. Boomerang.
20. 20.0 20.1 Stanley, Evan (12 August 2017). "Three Men And My Baby!". Sonic Boom. Season 2. Episode 92. Boomerang.
54. Denton, Alan; Hahn, Greg (11 February 2017). "FiendBot". Sonic Boom. Season 2. Episode 66. Boomerang.
55. Flynn, Ian (18 February 2017). "Og Man Out". Sonic Boom. Season 2. Episode 67. Boomerang.
73. Sonic Boom #2, "Knuckleduster"
74. Sonic Boom #3, "Hammer Spaced"
75. Sonic Boom #4, "Sticks and Stones"
76. Sonic Boom #5, "Eggtoberfest!"
Main article | Gallery | Script | Staff | Glitches |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47685 | As the title states, I am trying to find a way to measure the dipole moment(m) for my magnetorquer.
I am planning to use magnetorquers for desaturating my reaction wheels for a project. I understand that there is a relation m=nIA where m is the dipole moment, I is the current, n is the no. of turns and A is the cross sectional area of the torque rod. I intend to use that formula to calculate how much voltage to apply to my magnetorquer.
But I would also like to check that I am actually getting the correct dipole moment physically. Are there any ways to experimentally measure the dipole moment strength of my magnetorquer?
I have done some research and came across this formula on this wikipedia page:
enter image description here
My plan is to use a magnetometer to measure the magnetic field strength at a distance r ( This would then be |r| ) away from the magnetorquer, and assume that the position vector and magnetic moment vector are parallel to simply the dot product of m and r.
Would this work?
• 4
$\begingroup$ This question might find a better home on the Physics Stack Exchange. Also, try looking at this answer: space.stackexchange.com/questions/2239/… $\endgroup$ – Phiteros Oct 8 '16 at 18:50
• $\begingroup$ The three close votes say this is a duplicate - if there is actually a good answer to the specific question "Ways to measure dipole moment of magnetorquer" please post a link to that answer. I've posted an answer mentioning two ways to measure the dipole moment of a magnetotorquer (via magnetometer and sense coil) but I'd be happy to see that there is better answer - someone please post a link to this answer - thanks! $\endgroup$ – uhoh Oct 9 '16 at 0:28
• $\begingroup$ @uhoh I agree that it is on-topic. However, I think that the Physics SE could provide a faster, better answer about how to calculate and measure dipole moments as this is, ultimately, physics. $\endgroup$ – Phiteros Oct 9 '16 at 0:45
• $\begingroup$ @Phiteros Physics SE frequently closes questions because they are "engineering, and not physics". This is not a question about physics. All orbital mechanics questions here (there are many) use physics, but they are not about physics as actually defined by the physics stackexchange "community". Rocket engines use physics too. Someday I hope there will be a new Applied Physics Stackexchange (or Applied and Engineering Phys.) and that would be a great place for this question. This is a piece of standard satellite equipment and the question is how to test the equipment's function. $\endgroup$ – uhoh Oct 9 '16 at 0:57
• 2
$\begingroup$ @uhoh That's a pretty stupid policy of theirs. There is an Engineering SE, but it's in beta. $\endgroup$ – Phiteros Oct 9 '16 at 1:20
Understanding how to test and qualify systems of a satellite prototype is certainly on-topic in Space Exploration Stackexchange. Cubesat development is always conceptual at first, and you definitely need to use some physics to develop your understanding. That doesn't mean the question should be moved to Physics Stackexchange.
Measure in the plane perpendicular to the $\mathbb{m}$ direction and centered on the center of the device so that the $\mathbf{m \cdot r} $ term is zero. Then point the sensing direction of the magnetometer parallel to the $ \mathbb{m}$ direction. Now you have a scalar equation:
$$B = \mu H = \frac{4\pi \times 10^{-7}}{4\pi} \frac{m}{r^3} $$
$$B = \mu H = 10^{-7} \frac{m}{r^3} $$
$$m = 10^{7} B r^3 $$
So move the magnetometer close enough so that you are getting a good signal, then plug in the distance as $r$ and the measured $B$ and you have an approximate measurement of $m$.
A second way to do this is to drive your magnetotorquer with a low frequency sine wave and use a second small "sense coil" to measure the EMF at a distance. This can often be more accurate than a magnetometer, but it is tricky to do correctly.
Also remember that the magnetotorquer has a permeable material - the core that the coil is wrapped around that is long and skinny) and that's not necessarily going to be linear, so you should make a series of measurements at different currents. You should also make sure that $r$ is somewhat larger than the length of the rod, or measure at a few different distances. The magnetotorquer is not at all a perfect point dipole.
Also make sure there are no other ferromagnetic materials nearby.
In order to deal with the Earth's magnetic field, you can just turn the current on and off and look at the change in B.
The problem is at low fields, low cost magnetometers are not very accurate, so if you want to use an "Arduino class chip" (hobby type) or one in your phone, you may get results that are a bit off. But it could be a good sanity check or starting point at least.
This is actually not an easy measurement to do correctly. But you can get experiment with it even using an "unofficial magnetotorquer" to get a feeling for the process.
Your Answer
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47687 | September 2017: IBM introduces IBM Spectrum Protect v8.1.3
A major enhancement introduced in IBM Spectrum Protect 8.1.3 is the ability to migrate data from a directory container storage pool to a cloud container storage pool (object storage) based on age. This new “tier to cloud” functionality enables you to leverage high-speed storage for operational recoveries and lower-cost cloud storage for older backups and archives. Previously, data could only be stored directly to cloud container storage pools.
In addition, IBM introduced the IBM Spectrum Protect Suite Cloud Object Storage Tier, which is a new offering that provides lower pricing for data stored in IBM Cloud Object Storage (IBM COS) when used in conjunction with IBM Spectrum Protect Suite (back-end capacity model) licensing.
In Spectrum Protect 8.1.3, IBM also enabled centralized, automated client updates from the Operations Center.
A complete listing of all new functions can be found in announcement letter 217-415:
Announcement Letter
Published by
Technical Evangelist and Offering Manager
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47688 | Chords of Major Keys: Major, Minor & Diminished Triads
Updated on November 2, 2018
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Every major key has a set of 'native' chords that can be formed by combining notes of the major scale of that key. Before we look at how the chords are formed in more detail, though, first, let's look at what a major key means.
When we talk about a song being in a major key such as C major, for example, it means two things:
1. Most, if not all, of the notes (melody, bass and chord tones, etc.) in the music will also be found in the C major scale. A simple song might not use all the notes of the scale, whereas a more complex song or composition might use all of them plus a few foreign notes borrowed from other sources. It may even change key more than once and the notes would then agree with different major (or minor) scales.
2. It also means that the music has been composed in such a way that the note C and the chord C major will be heard as the most important note and chord of the music. They're called the key note and chord or tonic note and chord. Both the tonic note and chord will have a feeling of stability about them, and when placed at the end of the music, or section, verse or chorus, etc., a strong feeling of finality. They're sometimes also called the home note or chord because of the feeling of coming home that we experience when we hear them.
Building Chords from Scale Notes
Chords belonging to any key can be produced by combining at least three alternate notes of that key's scale. Alternate in this context means we take each note of the scale, in turn, miss the next one, take the next, miss the one after that, and so on. We can keep doing that until we run out of scale notes, but for the purposes of this article, we'll limit ourselves to just three notes. This will give us a set of seven chords, which are called 'triads'—one built on every note of the scale.
We'll use the key of C major as our example, but the principle applies equally to all major keys. It also applies to all minor keys, but those will be dealt with in their own article.
The C major scale
The C major scale
Building the First Chord
As mentioned, triads are built by combining scale notes spaced three letters apart—or every alternate scale note. The first triad that we can make is formed by starting on the first scale note C, skipping D, which brings us to E, the 3rd scale note, skipping F, which brings us to G, the 5th scale note. That gives us the notes C, E & G, the notes of our first chord.
Highlighted notes, C E & G of the first scale chord
Highlighted notes, C E & G of the first scale chord
Now we have to name that chord.
As it's based on the note, C, this is some kind of C chord. To know what type of C chord it is, we have to look at the spaces (or intervals) between the notes C, (called the root of the chord) E (called the 3rd of the chord) & G (called the 5th of the chord).
The interval between C & E is called a 3rd because it spans 3 letters (C, D & E).
The interval between E & G is also called a 3rd because it too spans 3 letters (D, E & F).
However, these two 3rds are not equal in size. If you know about semitones (or half steps) you can see that C to E is an interval of 4 semitones or half steps, while E to G is only 3.
C (C#) (D) (D#) E (F) (F#) G
You can see how C to E is wider than E to G.
As one is larger than the other, we differentiate them by calling the larger one a MAJOR 3rd, and the smaller one a MINOR 3rd.
So our first chord is composed of a MAJOR 3rd (C to E) plus a MINOR 3rd (E to G).
Chords with that structure are called MAJOR TRIADS. So the first chord is named C MAJOR.
Although the chord contains 3 different notes, in practice any of those notes can be doubled at any octave without changing the chord's name. However, if any other note is added apart from C, E or G, the chord will no longer be C major but something else. The same principle applies to all the chords listed here.
In other words, if you play these notes on a piano, you have the triad C major.
• C E G = C major - it contains all three essential notes of the chord.
• C G E G E G C E = C major because it contains nothing but C, E and G notes. The order of notes and the number of notes doesn't change anything. It's still the triad C major. We don't even have to start with C as our lowest note. We could start with E or G; it's still C major, but we say it's 'inverted' in that case rather than in 'root position' when C is the lowest note.
• C E G C G B E C E is NOT C major because it contains the note B, which doesn't belong to C major.
Building the Second Chord
If we go through exactly the same process but starting on D, we get the notes, D, F & A as follows:
Highlighted notes, D, F & A of the second scale chord, D minor
Again we have two intervals of a 3rd (D to F and F to A). This time, however, it's a minor 3rd followed by a major 3rd, the opposite of our first chord. You can see below how D to F is smaller than F to A.
• D (D#) (E) F (F#) (G) (G#) A
Chords with this structure are called MINOR TRIADS, and the name of this chord is D MINOR.
The Full Major Scale Triad List
If we repeat the procedure for every note of the scale, we have a table of chords containing all the triads that belong to the key: Remember that C major is just our chosen example. The order of chord types is exactly the same for every major key.
Note that building chords on G, A or B, it takes us beyond our one-octave scale. It's not a problem; we just continue the scale beyond the octave as required: CDEFGABCDEF etc.
Scale Degree Chord Table
The Chord Table (Explanation)
• Column 1 is the scale degree and chord number. By convention, in music analysis, we use uppercase Roman numerals to specify major and augmented chords, and lowercase Roman numerals for minor and diminished chords.
• Column 2 contains the notes (or chord tones) that combine to produce the chord.
• Column 3 is the chord name consisting of the root note plus chord type. The order of chord types should be memorised (maj, min, min, maj, maj, min, dim) so that you can apply them to any major scale to quickly find all the chords of that key.
• Column 4 is the interval structure; M3 = major 3rd and m3 = minor 3rd.
• Column 5 is the technical name of each scale degree, which describes the function of the chord.
Notice the last chord is different. Both intervals are minor 3rds. Triads with this structure are called DIMINISHED.
One more type of triad exists but isn't included here as it doesn't occur naturally in major keys. That's the augmented triad, which is composed of two major 3rds.
Chord Functions and Progressions
Here is a brief explanation of the function that chords usually have in music in major keys.
Chord I > TONIC (Major)
This chord, being based on the tonic note mentioned in the opening paragraphs, has the same feeling of stability and finality. Most songs will end on this chord. This chord is considered to be the TONAL CENTRE of the music. Composers and songwriters create musical and emotional variety by moving to and from this chord.
Chord ii > SUPERTONIC (Minor)
This is named from its position above the tonic. Its most common function is to lead to chord V, the DOMINANT chord, in which case its function is said to be predominant.
Chord iii > MEDIANT (Minor)
This scale degree is named from its position halfway between the TONIC and DOMINANT. The MEDIANT CHORD is considered to be quite variable in function.
Chord IV > SUBDOMINANT (Major)
This is a very important scale degree and chord. It generally leads away from the TONIC chord. Many song choruses start with this chord. This chord, like chord ii, also can have a predominantt function.
Chord V > DOMINANT (Major)
This is the most dynamically important chord of the key. It creates an expectation in the listener to return home to the tonic. It's often modified and made even more dynamic by adding another note that makes the chord no longer a triad, but a so called dominant 7th chord, labeled, V7. In our example key of C major, that chord would be called, simply, G seventh (G7) with notes G, B, D & F.
Chord vi > SUBMEDIANT (Minor)
This is so named because it lies as far below the upper tonic as the mediant lies above the lower tonic. The submediant chord is closely related to the tonic.
Chord vii > LEADING NOTE
This, like the DOMINANT CHORD, has a strong tendency to lead back to the TONIC. It's relatively rare though as the DOMINANT 7th chord does the same job more convincingly. It's quite rare in pop and rock music but finds uses in classical music. In other types of music it's usually extended with other notes similar to how the dominant chord is extended by another 3rd to make it a dominant 7th chord, as mentioned above.
Primary Triads
Chords I, IV & V are the most important chords in any key and are known as the primary triads. A lot of music is written using these chords alone. The whole major scale of the key is contained within these chords. The other triads are called 'secondary triads' - important in their own way but not as important as the primary triads.
Questions & Answers
• In terms of notes, which chord is the second most important chord in a key?
After the tonic or 'home' chord, the dominant chord is the next most important. It's a bit like chess. The king is the most important, but it doesn't do much - moving just one space at a time. The queen is second most important, but it has great power and can move all over the board. That's why I say the dominant (especially the dominant 7th) is the most 'dynamically' important. It can force strong movement to the tonic chord to establish and strengthen the tonic chord's function as the tonal center.
© 2011 chasmac
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47693 | Spotty Logic (spottylogic) wrote,
Spotty Logic
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• Music:
Horrid things psychologists do to hyenas, part one--
Gonadectomy also eliminated sex differences in weight, nipple development and elasticity of the urogenital meatus
Biologists--and apparently psychologists--are some messed-up people. I can imagine the grant request for this one--
Bursar: Now, explain your experiment again?
Glickman: We'll be removing the reproductive organs of the painfully common spotted hyena, to see how that affects common sex-related differences. Like hormonal levels, nipple development, and urogenital tract elasticity.
Bursar: [shuffling papers] And you'll be testing this with--
Glickman: Red hot tongs, yes.
Bursar: Ahh. And this is a psychological experiment?
Glickman: Oh, yes.
Bursar: What are some of the possible benefits of this experiment, do you think?
Glickman: Fewer hyenas, to start with.
Bursar: Spot on, Glickman. Do you have any follow-up experiments?
Glickman: We had thought to wave large, sharp objects at their faces, and see how they react to them, possibly pull very hard on, maybe hang weights from, their tails, and see how that affects their emotion-signalling patterns. Then perhaps we'll test their bouncing points.
Bursar: You don't have, shall we say, a personal involvement in this experiment?
Glickman: [looking sad] When I was very young, my brother brought home a pet hyena. It was a little cub, but it was big enough to eat Mr. Bingles.
Bursar: Mr. Bingles?
Glickman: My stuffed koala, Mr. Bingles.
Bursar: That's terrible. We'll get you your funding right away.
Glickman: Thank you, sir.
I confess to not understanding much of this. I can't imagine the hyena signed a consent form, or had the nature of the experiment clearly stated.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47694 | 11:32 GMT +323 January 2020
Listen Live
Trump Campaign: Even Crazier Than Before
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On today's episode of Loud & Clear, Brian is joined by Ted Rall, award-winning editorial cartoonist and author, to discuss Trump's campaign reshuffle.
Is the Trump campaign at a crisis point? The Republican candidate has shaken up his campaign team once again, effectively the second overhaul in as many months. As his poll numbers slip, should we now expect a gentler and more mild mannered Trump to emerge, or will his shoot from the hip style continue — and possibly cost him the election?
Did the Obama administration give away $1 billion of taxpayer money to a private corporation to administer a nearly empty detention facility? The mass detention of Central American asylum seekers in 2014 was declared illegal by the federals courts, but the ink was already dry on a contract signed with the Correctional Corporation of America. Margaret Winter, the former Associate Director of the ACLU Private Prison Project, joins the show.
Khalid Jabara, a 37 year old, has been murdered on his own front porch in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The suspect in custody has a history of racist harassment of violence. Brian is joined by Council on American-Islamic Relations Oklahoma Civil Rights Director Veronica Laizure and Robert McCaw, Director of Government Affairs at the Council on American-Islamic Relations.
islamaphobia, prisons, immigration, 2016 US Presidential Run, Donald Trump
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47696 | Lights, camera…and ACTION!
What’s the difference between…?
• Natural sciences – the study of natural phenomena;
• Formal sciences – the study of Mathematics and Logic; and
Mmmm, if only they could!
After reading the above you might be thinking…
His reasoning was that:
Who’s doing the research?
Proper4 action research dissolves the barrier between researcher and participant.
A note on intervention
Argyris and Schon wrote that:
The stages of action research within an organisation
1. Discovery;
2. Measurable action; and
3. Reflection
What it isn’t
…and finally: A big caveat
In summary:
Hard, Soft…or Laminated?
In the beginning there was…Biology
However, von Bertalanffy’s research showed that:
Whether it will or not, well there’s the thing!
…and so the modern systems movement was born.
Onwards and upwards (a.k.a ‘Hard’ systems thinking)
Some notable developments include:
All of the above is centred around being able to:
• create a well-defined problem statement;
• take a scientific approach to problem solving; and thus
• reach some (presumed) solution to the problem
• Problematic situations; and
• Worldviews
Over in America
…but, hey, that’s just my worldview speaking 😊.
Laminating the two together
• ‘soft’ because it requires me:
To summarise
…and finally, where to from here?
1. Laminated: “Bonding layers of materials together”.
An addition to ‘My Giants’
Another giantThis quick post is to let readers know that I have just added another giant bio to the blog.
I’m writing a post at the moment about hard vs soft systems thinking and, in so doing, I realised that I had written (i.e. drafted) a ‘giant’ page for Peter Checkland two years ago…and never completed it.
…so, for those that are interested, I have rectified that here. My next post will add much more ‘meat to the bones’ of hard and soft systems thinking.
FYI: I introduced some of Checkland’s thinking in an earlier 2016 post called “What I think is…”
Over and out for now,
Oh…so that’s why ‘Command and Control’ doesn’t work very well!
social systemWarning (or advert for some): Sometimes I write long(er) ‘foundational’ type posts – this is one of them 🙂
Russ Ackoff researched and wrote a great deal about systems.
It is within his writings1 that I find an excellent explanation about why many organisations adopted the command and control management model, why there is a major problem with this and, most importantly, why there is a better way.
First, A recap:
Before looking at types of systems, I should allow Ackoff to remind us what is meant by ‘a system’ and why this matters:
“A system is a network of inter-dependant components that work together to try to accomplish the aim of the system…
The two key pieces here are that:
• there is an aim; and
• it is made up of parts that need to work together (either directly or indirectly) to achieve that aim
If you have parts but no aim then you don’t have a system…you simply have a ‘collection’.
If you have a part that (truly) isn’t required to achieve the aim then it isn’t actually part of the system…which is why your ‘appendix’ body part got its name.
…If each part of a system, considered separately, is made to operate as efficiently as possible, the system as a whole will not operate as effectively as possible…
The heart and lungs are parts of the body but if they function according to what’s best ‘for themselves’ then they won’t function as required for the overall good of the whole. It’s no good if the brain is telling the heart and lungs to ‘work flat out’ to run like hell from a chasing pack of lions and these organs both respond with a “no thanks, this doesn’t suit us!” The same is true for parts of (e.g. functions within) organisations.
…The performance of a system depends more on how its components interact than on how they act independently of each other…
You can buy a ‘light as a feather’ carbon frame, an awesome set of aero wheels and a precision engineered 11-speed group set but you can’t ride them as a bike if they don’t fit together. Further, someone with a basic ‘sit up and beg’ bike frame with cheap wheels and components that do fit will easily beat you in a bike race.
…When a system is taken apart it loses its essential properties.”
If you take apart an alarm clock, you will have all of the parts necessary for the system but the disassembled collection of parts isn’t sufficient to tell you the time.
The above has huge implications.
So, on to Ackoff’s system types:
Ackoff defined a number of types of systems2 and the problems that occur when an organisation adopts a management model that does not match the correct system type.
Here goes….
Type 1: Deterministic (e.g. mechanisms)
alarm clockA deterministic system is one which has no purpose and neither do its component parts. This might seem rather strange…”Erm, I thought you said a system had to have an aim?!” – the point is that a deterministic system normally serves a purpose of an entity external to it, such as its creator. Its function, and that of its parts, is simply to provide that service when required.
Mechanisms are the most obvious examples of deterministic systems: An alarm clock is such a system. Its purpose (to tell the time) has been provided to it by its creator (the clock maker)….and that is what it is for, nothing more and nothing less. It can’t decide to do something else!
Even a computer, whilst incredibly more complicated than an alarm clock, is such a system – it is reliant on the inputs and programs provided to it by its external sources.
Type 2: Animated (e.g. most organisms)
monkeyAn animated system is one which does have a purpose of its own but its parts don’t.
Animals (and therefore humans) are the most obvious example. They have a purpose of their own – where this might be argued as (at a minimum) survival, and (more optimistically) to enjoy doing so, in the manner of their own choosing.
The animal is made up of parts (e.g. organs) and whilst these parts have a necessary function for the good of the whole, they do not have a purpose of their own.
In this way we can compare a computer to a person and see that they are fundamentally different. The computer’s purpose is provided to it whilst the person provides their own.
Type 3: Social (e.g. organisations, societies)
flagsA social system is one which has a purpose of its own and so do its parts (the people within).
Indeed each social system is usually part of a larger social system (e.g. a family is part of a community, which is part of a nation, which is part of ….)
And even more complex, a person belongs to multiple social systems – which have different, sometimes conflicting, purposes3.
So, bringing these three types together, we have:
System Type4: The whole is: The Parts are:
Deterministic (e.g. a mechanism) Not purposeful Not purposeful
Animated (e.g. a human) Purposeful Not purposeful
Social (e.g. an organisation) Purposeful Purposeful
These three system types form a sort of hierarchy: The deterministic alarm clock is given purpose by the animated (clock making) person who also lives within their social group. The linkages don’t go the other way….or at least they shouldn’t…which leads on to…
Okay, interesting stuff but what’s the point?
Well, now that we have an understanding of three different types of systems, we can see the consequences of the misunderstanding of an organisation as a system:
A ‘deterministic’ model applied to an organisation:
Adam Smith (often referred to as the father of economics and of capitalism) wrote a famous book called ‘The wealth of nations’ (1776). In it, he used the example of a pin factory to explain the concept of ‘the division of labour’. He explained that one person performing all the steps necessary to making a pin could perhaps make only 20 pins a day but if the pin-making process were broken up into a series of limited operations, with separate people performing them in a joined-up line, productivity could rise to thousands of pins per day per worker.
Now that sounds fantastic doesn’t it! But for who?
Smith’s thinking was taken on board by industrialists who went on to employ vast factories of ‘unskilled labour’ in the new concept of ‘manufacturing’ (and who likely still do in the sweat shops of 3rd world countries).
Standing back, we can see that this is using people as replaceable machine parts i.e. we have a defined mechanism (the manufacturing process) which is given its purpose externally by its creator (e.g. make pins)…and wow, this mechanism sure can make pins!
Henry Ford’s phenomenal success worked in the same way. He designed a mechanism to make Model T Fords (his mass production factory) and installed workers as the mechanism’s parts. He (and other ‘owners’ at this time) could use workers in this mechanistic way because:
• unskilled workers, whilst poorly educated, were adequate for the simple tasks required of them;
• such workers were willing to tolerate being treated as a machine part since there was high unemployment and virtually no social security safety net…giving them little option (i.e. work as required or starve);
• there was a large pool of available labour – the human parts of the machine were easily replaceable; and
• such business owners were subject to very little societal controls (such as governmental interventions and constraints) limiting their treatment of their worker ‘parts’4.
It’s worth noting that, even though worker conditions were massively in his favour, Ford’s ‘mechanism’ had an astounding 370% turnover of workers in 1913, with new hires staying an average of only 3 months. Many workers simply ‘walked off the job’ without notifying anyone…which is what happens if you ask humans to perform monotonous (demoralising) work without having to use their brains.
An ‘animated’ model applied to an organisation
So times moved on. We had two world wars that caused/ enabled major societal changes – a major shakeup of the class system, the birth and rise of the Labour movement and worker unions, massive improvements in education, social security and welfare, and great advances in technology.
The other significant change was the raising of capital (necessary for post war growth and development) from the public and the consequent birth/ rise of publically owned corporations. This separated the ownership and management of these new organisations.
A big difference from before was that:
• the workers were now far more educated and empowered; and
• the required work had become far more skilled (utilising new technologies).
Managers were no longer able to treat workers as merely replaceable cogs in a machine – it took time to train them, and they now had worker rights and choice.
Now, rather than seeing an organisation as a deterministic system with the all-powerful owner dictating its purpose (as the likes of Ford had done), they operated as an animated system would6: with a ‘brain’ (senior management) and a ‘body’ (the various operating functions performing the work).
Such a model works by senior management providing the instructions (the what: commands) and procedures (the how: controls) and then the operating units carrying them out accordingly.
“Command and control represents the division of labour between decision-making and doing the work.” (Seddon)
We all know that the ‘operator’ parts within the organisations ‘body’ are actually human beings but the ‘command and control’ management instruments don’t really recognise this fact:
• the organisational ‘brain’ (often annually) decides the strategy and breaks this down into a set of objectives for the parts of the ‘body’ and locks these into a cascaded grand plan;
• the organisational ‘brain’ provides incentives for the ‘body’ to act as it requires: thus assuming that it is simply a matter of extrinsically motivating each part to comply as required;
• the organisational ‘brain’ considers the performance of each part of the ‘body’, scores it and delivers this judgement back: thus assuming that each part can and will accept such feedback for the good of the whole;
• the organisational ‘brain’ performs (frequent) reorganisations on the ‘body’ parts, as if shifting pawns around a game board. The brain does this by dictating such redesigns to the body rather than asking the body if (and how) it could better rearrange itself;
• The organisational ‘brain’ thinks that the answer to an increasingly complex environment is simply to increase the quantity and regularity of communication with the ‘body’ parts. This fails to realise that communication is not the underlying problem.
But the reality for every organisation is that they have purposeful parts – you and I – whether they like it or not…and so to treat these parts as merely having a function for the whole is to inevitably generate conflict.
A social model applied to an organisation
…and so we reach the point at which we conclude the obvious that:
• the organisation (hopefully) has a purpose;
• the humans working within it have separate purposes.
…and therefore any management model that doesn’t understand and work within such a social system will be very limiting – causing loss of immeasurable value to the organisation AND to the people within.
Now you might say “okay, interesting stuff, but treating an organisation as an animated system and using command and control methods has worked fine so far…why do we need to change?”
The rate of change in our world has been massively accelerating. It used to be that change was seen as generational and this made it relatively easy for people to adapt but this no longer holds true.
Organisations are operating in more complex and less predictable environments with the result that:
“Over the last 50 years, the average lifespan of S&P 500 companies has shrunk from around 60 years to closer to 18 years.” (Source: The art of corporate endurance )
Here’s a classic Deming quote: “It is not necessary to change. Survival is not mandatory.”
But if survival is desired, then the best chance that an organisation has is to operate a management model that actually fits with the correct type of system! In so doing, it can get the best out of everyone within.
What might this model look like? Studying ‘Deming’s 14 points for Management’ would be a great start. A post to follow next.
Who’s been successfully operating a social model for decades? Two brilliant examples are Toyota and Handelsbanken.
1. Credit: The core of this post comes from learnings derived from a classic Ackoff essay entitled ‘Reflections on systems and their models’ which can be found in the book ‘Ackoff’s Best: His classic writings on management’.
2. I’m aware that other system thinkers have created other, more sophisticated, classification schemes (e.g. Boulding, Beer). Ackoff’s system types nicely serve the purpose of this post.
3. This fact is probably relevant to the need for, and creation of ‘soft systems thinking’…which is where Peter Checkland’s work fits in (A ‘giant bio’ currently in draft)
4. For those ‘system’ geeks out there: Ackoff explained a 4th system type, that of an ecological system – where the parts are purposeful but the whole is not. Ecological systems contain interacting mechanistic, organismic and social systems, but do not have a purpose of their own. However, their function(s) serve the purpose of the systems that are their parts.
Example: the purposeful use of fluorocarbons as propellants by humans (a purposeful part of the ecological system) affects the ozone layer in a way that is determined, and not a matter of choice for our planet (the whole)…the planet cannot decide that it is harmful to it and decide to ‘do something about it’– the outcome (even though we may not understand it) is determined.
5. Henry Ford realised the problem and, in an attempt to compensate for their conditions, paid his workers well as compared to what they could earn elsewhere.
6. Stafford Beer wrote a famous book called ‘The brain of the firm’ (1972) that explored in detail the analogy of an organisation working as the human body does.
“What I think is…”
InformedI’d suggest that every day in our working (and home) lives we are asked for our opinion on something. In fact, such a situation probably occurs dozens of times every single day.
Let’s drill down into a single instance and consider the basic pattern of dialogue: we listen to someone state, and maybe explain, their thinking with regards to what they deem to be a problematic situation (explained below) and then we start an immediate response with words like “I think that…”. Worse, we may state our ‘thinking’ (perspective) as fact and we may mistake our feelings as rational logic.
I have a constant battle with myself to avoid, pull back from, or recognise my fall into this vast pit.
A sideways look at ‘everyday life’:
Peter Checkland, in his ‘Soft Systems Methodology’ (SSM), came up with a rather nice device that assists – the idea of ‘problematic situations’.
“As a member of the human tribe we experience everyday life as being quite exceptionally complex. We feel ourselves to be carried along in an onrushing turbulent stream, a flux of happenings, ideas, emotions, actions, all mediated through the slippery agency of language, all continually changing.
Our response to our immersion in this stream is not simply to experience it. Beyond that, we have an innate desire to try to see it, if we can, as meaningful. We attribute meaning to it – the ability to do this being one of the characteristics which marks us out as human.
Part of this meaning attribution is to see chunks of the ongoing flux as ‘situations’. Nothing is intrinsically ‘a situation’; it is our perceptions which create them as such, and in doing that we know that they are not static; their boundaries and their contents will change over time.
Some of the situations we perceive, because they affect us in some way, cause us to feel a need to tackle them, to do something about them, to improve them.” Thus we perceive such situations as ‘problematic’ i.e. something to intervene in.
This neatly dovetails with my last post in respect of Ackoff and messes vs. abstract problems. Just as Ackoff didn’t like the simplistic word ‘problem’, neither does Checkland. …and for the same reason: ‘problem’ implies ‘solution’ but, as he puts it, “real life is more complex than that!”
Back to that opinion we have been asked for
How do we arrive at our thinking? Do we have enough knowledge to justify a response?
Here’s another useful passage from Checkland:
“In human conversation, each of the persons involved influences others and is also influenced by them. Out of this two-way process comes what the participants are creating as their notion of changing ‘reality’. These acts of creating reality are never complete, and so have to be examined as only a part of a never-ending process.”
i.e. Any response we provide isn’t, and cannot be, ‘concrete’*. We have, and will always have, much to learn. Of course, it’s absolutely the case that our mindset (and where it sits on the ‘fixed – growth’ spectrum) will determine in which direction(s) and how far our thinking will travel during, and following human interactions.
(*yet, in many situations, we are easily satisfied with superficial response(s) and make key decisions based upon them)
I’d like to propose a few ‘alterations’ to our language to more accurately express the reality whenever we offer our opinion. How about we start our replies with:
“what I currently think is…”; or even better
“what’s just popped into my head as a response is…”
Because, let’s be honest – we weren’t thinking about it 5 minutes before we were asked and we have press-ganged our brain into providing a timely reply. Further, our ‘answer’ isn’t exactly complete. It’s just an initial train of thought based on what we have been exposed to, and heavily weighted by its recency.
Even thinking about adjusting our replies to being less certain is likely to help us contemplate what we actually know to respond.
I could be flippant here and say that, if you ask me what I think, I should reply that I don’t know yet – ask me on my death bed…because that’s when I will have finished* assimilating all the information available to me. (* though likely, I presume, not by my choice)
Rather than taking this unhelpful line of reasoning…let’s look at what lies within:
Knowledge, not opinions
i.e. the idea that I need to take my time, gain (and therefore seek out) experience, understand the facts and expose differing perspectives before I provide a hypothetically useful reply.
So, even better than the “what I currently think is…” response would be to clearly explain the basis, extent (and therefore limitations) of our experiences in respect of the topic in play…so that we and the listener can appreciate why we currently think as we do…and our listener is encouraged to reflect in the same manner. Gosh, we might end up educating each other!
“Real knowledge is to know the extent of one’s ignorance” (Confucius)
In a work scenario our response should often simply be:
“I don’t have the facts to make a valuable response…but I can do something about that…I’ll get straight to the gemba!”
…and if we do this, we will collect the facts, appreciate the environment in which they arise, and understand other perspectives…leading to meaningful change, towards purpose.
…which is an excellent link to three previous posts:
…and I’ve also set myself up for a follow-up post on the ‘soft systems thinking’ topic of ‘Worldviews’. Here’s a teaser to end with:
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47728 | • Strange Notions Strange Notions Strange Notions
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NOTE: This is the second of a two-part series. Read part 1 here. With the accidentality and priority of being for sensible things now in place, there is only one preliminary metaphysical principle that we need to establish before we can defend Premise 1 (from the first part in this series) and that is the fact that every particular thing—whether sensible or non-sensible (immaterial)—whose being is accidental and prior to its nature must receive being from an agent outside itself, i.e.,... Read More
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The presence of our enhanced human consciousness not only differentiates humans from animals, it also aids in making the case for the existence of God. That’s because through our human consciousness we desire five transcendental experiences, none of which are necessary for survival. These five transcendental desires are our yearning for: (1) perfect knowledge/truth, (2) perfect love, (3) perfect justice/goodness, (4) perfect beauty, and (5) perfect home/being. Most interestingly, any... Read More
How to Perfectly Know the Existence of God
It's common today to hear both believers and nonbelievers claim that the existence of God is ultimately unknowable, or at least unprovable. According to this view, we're left to take a leap of faith, or else to go with the option we think is more likely. Classical theism rejects this idea completely. It claims to be able to prove the existence of God - to be able to prove, in fact, that He can't not exist. And what's amazing is that these theists seem capable of following through... Read More
The Efficient Causality Argument for God
Being, Miracles, and God: Answering a Reasonable Atheist
In the course of a discussion on my personal blog about the existence of God and of the miraculous, an unbelieving reader (who strikes me as open to reasonable discussion) wrote me to say: "All I’m saying is that people everywhere demonstrate a powerful desire to believe that there is intervention in the material universe from outside the material universe." Except that’s not true. Lots of people also demonstrate a powerful desire to believe there is no intervention in the material... Read More |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47749 | dumb question: 32 bit vs. 64 bit
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Hi, I got a new PC this summer and of course installed OA right away... at the time I did the install (June 21), I downloaded a new OA file and installed it, it was I am now up to date with My old PC was XP and my new one is Win 8 and it's 64 bit. How can I tell if I'm still running a 32 bit version of the software so I can upgrade? I got the Win 8.1 upgrade over the weekend and now the machine is very slow at rendering internet pages (Firefox) and in my Task Manager it says Online Armor Component (32 bit) is using 26% of the CPU when the system is at rest. Would it be best to uninstall and install the 64 bit version? MIght it behave a little better in this architecture? Thanks!
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Technically there is no 64-bit version (at least not yet). We have 64-bit drivers so that Online Armor works on 64-bit editions of Windows (well, at least 64-bit Windows 7 and Windows 8 ), however the actual applications that make up Online Armor (the service, the program that draws the System Tray icon, and the main application that you can open to change settings) are all 32-bit.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47750 | How To Return An Absolute Value
Is there a way to return an absolute value in the code playground?
Or alternatively, is there a way to multiply a number by a negative number?
Hey there, we don’t have the keys added in the app, but JavaScript has a bunch of built in math goodies that you can read about here.
For this case, you’d want to use Math.abs(), which you can read about here.
Hope this helps! |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47751 | Replacing it all in code playground
It says that the function was called too many times. Please help
1 Like
Hi there,
You got double-brackets in your code.
My experience with triple and quadruple brackets make me delete them along with attached code and type away again
So I guess they appear more than once if you DONT select the last piece/word of code or the program doesn’t work if you select the whole phrase of code.
Maybe I’m wrong but hey do try removing them if more than once ok!
1 Like
Hey there, change the line:
if (string.includes(oldpart === false))
if (string.includes(oldpart) === false)
That should fix the problem. Hope this helps!
Oh that might explain why the first return command was not executed due to which only the second return command ran for ever. Thank you Ben |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47756 | VDL 2 sounds not playing on Sibelius
I have VDL2 running on Sibelius 4, and when i use my Midi keyboard to put in the sounds, the notes show up in the correct places (with the correct noteheads), but when i playback there is no sound. I'm due to make a listening CD for my drumline within the week so help would be greatly appreciated.
I've noticed yet another thing that should probably be noted to narrow down the problem. None of the instruments are working on playback now, even horns/strings/etc. Before I configured Sibelius 4 with VDL 2 the Kontakt Player Playbacks worked. Although when I test both my virtual midi cable and Kontakt Player on the Devices menu, I hear the appropriate sounds.
Yes, I have the speakers on pretty loud. On the VDL 2 computer keyboard; i can hear the sounds when i click the keys, its on sibelius that i hear nothing.
This may seem like a silly question but one that still needs to be asked to rule out one of the obvious potential issues. You do have the speakers turned up loud enough to hear and you do not have the computer muted or anything like that?
Again - just checking to make sure the most somple thing was not the culprit.
okay...i've noticed something that may help, the meteronome click that is optional to play during playback made no noise when i selected it.
Yes, for now I have channels 1-4, as snare, tenors, bass, cymbals.
The channels are all assigned correctly?
In Sibelius I have Kontakt Player and MIDI Yoke NT: 1 set as yes and everything else is set as no. In VDL 2 in the 'input interface' I have MIDI Yoke NT: 1 set as yes and everything else set as no.
What settings do you have set in the play menu in Sibelius and in VDL:2?
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47775 | Pre-dawn nearly clear dark blue sky above a few small clouds and an orange glowing horizon backlighting a circle of benches seen from a side view at Alta Plaza Park, the foreground lawn nearly completely unlitBlue to royal blue clear sky above two palm trees at the top of the stairs at Alta Plaza Park with a few clouds in the distance just above the orange to yellow glowing horizon backlighting San Francisco buildings, paths and lawns in the park barely distinghuishable.Three wide but thin wipsy cotton candy colored clouds streaking left to right across the dawn sky with a gradient from medium blue to light blue, yellow, an orange, above the tops of San Francisco buildings in the distance, a partially lit bench on a path and backlit palmtree in front.🌆🌴 Another beautiful morning @Nov_Project_SF. Watching the sky brighten and rotate colors is always inspiring, especially when #running & breaking a sweat. So many good #dawn views in #AltaPlazaPark, still finding new ones(1), though the two palmtrees near the top of the main steps(2) are still a fave. Novel cotton candy clouds(3) are a good reminder that every moment is unique, worth appreciating. There is no loop.
Despite sleep interruptions, I felt a profound sense of open hearted optimism as I arrived at #AltaPlaza park (even a few minutes late). Warm feelings are still surfacing time to time, despite a diminishing sense of attachment to origins. Over the past month I chose to neither fight nor let go, rather to sit, accept, appreciate, and at times embrace them, even knowing or at least expecting that may prolong or delay healing.
Today I learned the opposite may be true, as the feelings have evolved into a more general sensation rather than directed to or from a particular source, and this morning they were particularly pronounced. Some subsequent motivations have remained, like striving to show up as an even better version of myself. Not for (or no longer for) anyone in particular, rather for everyone and no one, as its own self-reinforcing outcome.
#NPSF #NovemberProjectSF #NovemberProject #wakeUpTheSun #fromWhereIRun #clearSky #bluesky #blue #royalBlue #purple #orange #yellow #optoutside #SF #SanFrancisco #freeFitness #feels #thereIsNoLoop #progressNotPerfection #showup #justShowUp #nofilter
on (ttk.me t54V1) using BBEdit |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47778 | 761 Mabury Rd Ste #80, San Jose, CA
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Tatsu Hobby Visual Inventory & Gallery
Trading Figures / Gashapon
The completed, small scaled trading figures that are popular in Japan. Although small, most of them are perfectly detailed and becomes rare since we list it as sold out, it means it's out of production and we will not be able to restock them again. Since there are literally thousands of series of Gashapon figures out there, we only list the ones that we think are the best detailed and the most popular. Also, since they're packed in blind boxes (randomly), we can't guarantee you'll receive a specific figure. Get them while they're hot and still in stock!
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47779 | Teachers Of Love
And so they became teachers of love
In a world that needed light
They didn’t allow the cynical world to harden their hearts
Instead they busted through all obstacles and diversions they met along the way
Understanding that somewhere deeper inside of them that their mission was different then most
These women were not consumed by their
own fires
They were made in the fire
An invisible string connecting all of their hearts They finally made their way towards each other
Each one being exactly where she needs to be on her own unique path
They are the meaning of unconditional love
They are the true transformation of alchemy and I’m blessed to call them my tribe
💜 Tay Tay
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47780 | End TB - End TB Strategy, Global Plan to End TB
WHO End TB Strategy 2016 - 2035
In 2014 the World Health Assembly adopted the World Health Organisation (WHO)’s “Global strategy and targets for tuberculosis prevention, care and control after 2015″1“Global strategy and targets for tuberculosis prevention, care and control after 2015”, WHO, Geneva, 2015, http://www.who.int/tb/post2015_strategy/en/. This twenty year strategy aims to end the global TB epidemic and is unsurprisingly called the End TB Strategy. Ending TB is defined as an incidence rate of less than 10 people per 100,000 population per year. The incidence rate is the number of new cases of active TB disease in a population in a particular time period.
End TB Strategy
End TB Strategy
The main targets in the End TB Strategy are:
• To reduce TB deaths by 95%
• To cut new cases of TB by 90% between 2015 and 2035
• To ensure that no family is burdened with catastrophic expenses due to TB.
Global Plan to End TB 2016 - 2020
In contrast to the WHO’s Global Strategy, the Global Plan produced by the Stop TB Partnership, sets out the actions and resources needed for the first five years, to enable the global TB epidemic to be ended by 2030. It aims to end the complacency that has existed for so long, and the belief that we can, for example, be satisfied with small scale changes in global incidence, as a measure of success. The Global Plan strongly suggests that there must be a major change in how people regard TB care and prevention, and it provides a blueprint for what must be done. The Global Plan to End TB has the potential of enabling the milestones and targets of the Global TB Strategy to be reached if it is fully resourced and implemented.
Global Plan To End TB
Global Plan To End TB
The Global Plan is an attempt to end the “business as usual” approach to combating TB, and to change what people believe is possible. Over the years a variety of plans and targets have been produced and at best the targets have only been partially met. The Global Plan is an attempt to change this approach. For people to believe that they can end TB. To believe that there is no need for a million and a half people to die from TB each year.
Global Plan Targets
At it’s core the Global Plan is about improving the reach and quality of medical treatment for TB. There is enormous scope for this to be done. Three targets have been set and it is estimated that if these targets are achieved by 2025 at the latest, then the goal to end TB will be met. The Global Plan therefore recommends that the targets should be achieved as soon as possible, ideally by 2020, and at the latest, by 2025.
Target 1 Reach 90% of all people with TB
and place all of them on appropriate therapy. Currently of the nine million people who fall ill each year more than three million are not reached through national TB programmes. They may not receive proper diagnosis or TB treatment. Of those who do receive treatment 86% have a successful recovery. The treatment could be first line, second line or preventative TB therapy.
This requires early detection and the prompt treatment of 90% of people with TB, including both drug susceptible and drug resistant TB. It also requires preventative treatment to be provided to 90% of those who need it. Preventative treatment is providing treatment to people with latent TB before it progresses to TB disease. Examples of people who need it are people living with HIV/AIDS and people in contact with TB patients.
By improving the rates at which people are diagnosed and treated, countries can reduce the spread of TB and drive down incidence.
Target 2 As part of this approach reach at least 90% of the key populations
who are the most vulnerable and under served at risk populations. Vulnerable, under served, at risk populations vary depending on country context. But in all cases these key populations are more frequently missed by health systems. They are often unable to access health services, or suffer particularly detrimental consequences as a result of TB. The purpose of Target 2 is also to provide treatment and care through affordable programmes that protect patients and their families from the often catastrophic costs associated with TB.
The Global Plan recommends that each national TB programme should work with communities affected by TB to define its key populations, to plan and implement appropriate services, and to measure progress towards reaching these populations.
Target 3 Achieve at least 90% treatment success for all people diagnosed with TB
through affordable treatment services. The correct treatment must be provided along with adherence and social support. At least 480,000 people develop drug resistant TB each year and less than 20% of them receive proper treatment. As a result only around half of those who become ill with TB have the possibility of being cured. Also, when they do become ill they have the possibility of passing on TB and so continuing the global epidemic.
Target 3 aims to ensure the quality treatment, support and follow-up needed to achieve at least a 90% treatment success rate among people identified as needing treatment. This includes treatment for drug susceptible TB, drug resistant TB or preventative TB therapy.
Following the first Global Ministerial conference on TB in 2017 and in advance of the UN high level meeting on TB in 2018, WHO, the Stop TB Partnership and the GLobal Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria have launched a joint initiative to scale up the End TB response towards universal access to TB prevention and care. The initiative is for the five year period 2018 - 2022.
The initiative includes a target to diagnose, treat and report 40 million people with TB, including 3.5 million children and 1.5 million people with drug resistant TB between 2018 and 2022.
The initiative encompasses all countries, with priority given to the 30 high TB burden countries.
Paradigm Shift - A fundamental change
Starting with the Global Plan to Stop TB 2001 - 2005 there have been at least three other global plans which have failed to reach and treat enough people with TB to make a success of the plan. Often when the target date is reached the existing global plan is given a new target date, a new name, and much the same approach is used with the new plan. So what is going to change.
Why is this Global Plan going to be any different?
This plan could be more successful because more people will be treated. There could be more of a commitment to treat more people with TB, to stop them becoming infectious earlier, and as a result prevent them from infecting so many other people.
More people could be treated successfully because shorter treatment plans are being developed, which are easier to adhere to. New tests for TB are being developed, as well as new TB drugs. It is easier to find and test people in the high burden TB countries. All of these things will help to prevent people from dying of TB
Finally, there is the matter of HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS has shown what can be done. It has shown how HIV/AIDS treatment with specialist drugs can be provided, and people can be prevented from dying. Why isn’t the same being done for TB to the same extent?
Can the TB community make the effort, and provide the money and other resources to do the same? If not then why not? Are we prepared to go on allowing more than one million people to die unnecessarily each year.
Page Updating
This page was last updated in December 2019.
Author Annabel Kanabus
Social Media
If you have found this page useful please tell other people about TBFacts.org and if you have a website please link to us at tbfacts.org/end-tb/.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47790 | October 16th, 2007
Strange compulsion
This is the thought sequence that I've had run through my head for the past several nights:
It's late. I'm tired. Going to bed. But wait, I can see. Better take out my contact lenses.
Thankfully, I haven't been so tired that I made the attempt. Yet.
LASIK followup
Right eye: 20/20
Left eye: 20/15
Both eyes: Halos around bright lights, especially when my eyes are dilated (at night - like with headlights or alarm clocks). Apparently this is a normal reaction to the surgery, and will likely go away within about six weeks. I certainly hope so...
(Oh, and the reason I didn't test better in my eyesight was the halos blurred the letters in the eye chart. =) )
My next followup appointment is in late February. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47797 | Risk Factors Associated with Landslides
Risk Factors
Unusually High Amounts of Precipitation
High amounts of rainfall are thought to have been one of the causes of the Gros Ventre slide. The water can act as a lubricant, causing already unstable layers of earth to succumb to the forces of gravity and begin moving downhill.
Recent Earthquakes
This is the second factor that is thought to have brought about the Gros Ventre slide. Earthquakes can shake up and disturb layers of soil, causing them to become unstable and move downhill. If you add high amounts of precipitation to the mix, you can get an effect known as liquefaction.
Liquefaction takes place when loosely packed, water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to ground shaking. If this occurs beneath buildings or structures, it can cause the ground to lose its firmness and the buildings sink. In the case of a landslide, it can cause upper layers of earth and debris to become unstable and through the forces of gravity move downhill.
Recent Wildfires on Steep Slopes
When trees and other plant life are destroyed following a wildfire, this can destabilize the soil on steep slopes. No longer having protection from rainfall or the root systems for stability, these bare hillsides can more readily form landslides.
Repeated Freezing & Thawing
Repeated freezing and thawing of the ground can act like a pry-bar between layers of soil. During periods of thaw, water percolates down into the ground, then when it freezes again, that water forms ice. When water freezes, it expands and can force layers of soil apart causing landslides.
Volcanic Eruptions or Activity
Volcanic eruptions, either through the shaking of the ground or lava flows, can cause large amounts of debris to move downhill. Clicking on the map to the left, you will see the outline of the Yellowstone Caldera, which is one of the largest and most active calderas in the world (USGS). A caldera is essentially a collapsed volcano, or a volcanic basin.
Yellowstone Caldera
Human Modification to Slopes
This boils down to people building where they shouldn't be building. Increases in erosion due to development on steep hillsides or building in the path of susceptible areas significantly increase the risk of landslides. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47798 | Is there a way to get Asymptote 3D figures in a PDF viewable in Evince/Okular? All what I can get is a very bad rastered image in place of my figure.
I don't care about the interaction with the 3D figure. I would be happy to get a clean vector graphics 2D projection (from a certain viewpoint) in a PDF file. My target is to include it in a LaTeX document that can be reliably opened with Evince/Okular.
• Evince Version: 2.28.2
• Asymptote Version: 2.16
I am trying the very basic 3D example of unit circle:
import three;
path3 g=(1,0,0)..(0,1,0)..(-1,0,0)..(0,-1,0)..cycle;
Rastered Image:
enter image description here enter image description here
3D view in Acroread
There are several options to get 3d asy viewable in other viewers than Acrobat reader (without interactive 3d feature). The options -noprc and -render=<num> have to be specified. The command asy -f pdf -noprc -render=0 results in vector output (there are some limitations, esp. when transparency is used to draw surfaces) and the other way is, for example, asy -f pdf -noprc -render=4 (or higher than 4) will generate a higher quality raster image. This is a vector output viewed in Evince: enter image description here
Versions used are:
• Evince Version: 3.2.1
• Asymptote Version: 2.24,
but it should work with your versions as well.
• 1
And how could we get both, a scalable vector graphics as the poster imgage and an interactive 3D model that opens on click on those Readers which support it? – AlexG Sep 18 '13 at 17:52
• @AlexG: It's a good question, never thought about it. Not sure if these options are mutually exclusive. – g.kov Sep 18 '13 at 18:09
• 1
asy -f pdf -render=0 produces both, a preview as vector graphics and the PRC. – AlexG Mar 17 '14 at 11:21
Your Answer
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47803 | 🚂 Haemoglobin (WJEC)
Blood components
Blood is fun! Blood is to body as the Thames is to London, although I sure hope slightly cleaner…
Blood is roughly split into the plasma and blood cells including erythrocytes and leucocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes). Plasma is the solution that blood cells are found in, and as such acts as their extracellular matrix. For skin cells for example, the extracellular matrix is formed of collagen, so it’s different to have it essentially a liquid like plasma. Plasma is a water solution containing proteins, sugars, clotting factors (as well as platelets involved in clotting), hormones, electrolytes, carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Erythrocytes are red blood cells/RBC (and also the most common blood cells) carrying haemoglobin around the body. Haemoglobin can bind and release oxygen and is central to aerobic respiration.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47807 | Symptoms Often Aren’t The Only Issue
It never fails. You get up from a less-than-satisfying night’s sleep. Perhaps your blood sugar levels are low, or you have some unknown secondary illness, like a cold or a persistent cough. You stagger into the kitchen and you prepare yourself some food in order to bring back some vestiges of normalcy, when an interfering lump of 4-year old waddles in and sticks his nose into the food your making. The conversation usually goes like this:
KID: What are you doing, daddy?
PARENT: I’m making food, pal. Do you want some?
KID: (sniffs your food experimentally) No, I don’t like that stuff!
PARENT: Do you want anything else?
KID: No…
PARENT: You’re sure…?
KID: Yeah! (kid runs off)
You walk away with your plate, satisfied in the fact that you covered the bases and that you’re in the clear. You test your blood glucose and bolus with a dose of insulin specifically measured for the food on your plate. Your pump responds and starts pumping the life-sustaining medication into your subcutaneous tissue and you start enjoying your meal. Then, the 4-year old lump returns and eyeballs your plate. The second conversation usually goes like this:
KID: Mmmm, that looks good… (reaches for my plate)
PARENT: Hold it, buddy! That’s daddy’s food!
KID: But I want some…
PARENT: I asked you if you wanted some earlier, and you said no!
KID: But I want some now… (lip starts quivering and a meltdown is imminent)
What do you do? Considering children of this age are often picky eaters to start with, it’s a little difficult to refuse them when they actually WANT to eat! You can either buckle down and refuse, potentially forced to deal with the meltdown that will ensue. Or you can surrender your food and deal with the aftermath on your health, blood sugar levels and let’s be honest… your sanity.
It’s difficult to weigh the best option; especially when it affects your personal health. I’ll admit to surrendering my food since, in my state of perpetual exhaustion I prefer to scavenge for something else to replace the carbs I’ve given up than deal with prospect of trying to eat my food WHILE having a persistent child drooling over my shoulder. Maybe not the BEST way to approach it, but I’m a martial artist, not a child psychologist.
The challenge is when he takes only a portion of what I have, making it all the more difficult to balance and measure how much food of another type I require to replace the lost carbs. Or what I hate the most is to have him take some of my food and leave me to scramble for something else to eat before my blood sugars start lowering to that point of no return, only to discover the plate with almost the entire uneaten portion sitting on the table because he once again decided he didn’t like it. But I digress…
The food analogy (although the most frequent) is only one example. Children provide an issue for Diabetic parents on many fronts. I remember that when I started on my insulin pump, my son was barely more than a year old. As time went by, issues needed to be addressed in relation to recognizing daddy’s “ouchie” and staying away from my tubes and buttons. Not an easy task for a small child as the temptation is great when they see a small device to play with. What’s been even harder is trying to convince your child that, daddy isn’t eating candy because he WANTS to, he’s eating it because he HAS to and it isn’t sharing time.
I was rather lucky in the sense that I was diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes at roughly the same age as my son is now. As strange as that may sound, it was lucky because I’ve never known any different and I was able to grow with my condition and learn to respect it without allowing it to control me.
Conversation and education is important for children. Although they may not be able to understand absolutely everything happening to you, explanations and reinforcement of the rules can mean the difference between maintaining yourself or having your infusion set accidentally ripped out. ☯
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47830 | Category: Science
Several years ago, I met a scientist who sat next to me on a plane and I learned that he happened to be an astronaut. This guy was really fascinating. He was a biochemist and was conducting experiments on the space shuttle. His experiment was to grow crystals from proteins. In essence they grow perfectly in space because there is no gravity…
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47832 | 1-20) A New Addition to the Family
I heard the door unlock and seconds later, Blaine peeked into the living room. Smiling.
“I have something for you.” he said now. His arms were behind his back.
I got up off the couch and went over to him in the dark hallway, when he pulled his arms to the front and held something out towards me.
“Oh goodness! Look at this! What have you got there?!” I cooed, beaming for joy.
“Not sure, but it pretty much barked at me the entire way home and constantly demanded my attention, so either it is another wife or a puppy.” Blaine laughed.
I stuck my tongue out at him, ignored his joke and grabbed the little ball of fur snuggling it then lifting it up, bringing my face about 10 inches from his belly, trying to see in the twilight.
“Aww, it’s a boy I think!”
Blaine chuckled, pet the puppy’s head and told it “Don’t take it personal, but at least now we know now why she hardly had any dates in high school!”
This time I hit his shoulder, then snuggled the puppy while walking back into the living room.
“Don’t believe him a word. I was just busy learning things rather than seeing how many times an hour I can have sex.”
“How is that not learning? Applied studies, right?” Blaine smirked.
“So what is your name little guy?”
“He says his name is whatever his mommy wants it to be.” Blaine answered.
I looked up at my husband, still snuggling the wiggly, licky furball and said
“Ok, then welcome home, Spunky.”
07-12-18_8-19-53 PM.png
I had always wanted another dog. After my dog Rudy died when I was 17, Mama did not want another pet. I went off to college, then moved into a small apartment and with a few detours I lived with Ezio, who disliked pets.
Rudy was another reason, why I never let anybody try to tell me Blaine was as bad as it seemed. Rudy was a large male mutt, shaggy and black as the night, fiercely protective of me, and probably just as rowdy as Blaine was. Moreover, he did not like males. Of any species. Other dogs, humans and especially not cats, the fur on his neck would stand up, the tail would go stiff and then it was best you ran as fast and far as you could. But he always liked Blaine. With him, he was some sort of 90 pound giant lap dog.
Currently, I spent most of my time playing with and training the puppy, often Blaine would join me. We had more than enough time. I quit my job again and made Blaine quit his after I decided to sell my childhood home after all. The proceeds were not too shabby, and since we lived a fairly humble life, we could live off that for a very long time.
Spunky did very well, and promised to grow into a large and fierce protector one day. Tiny and helpless as he was now, he showed little regard for that fact and was brave.
My pregnancy began to become uncomfortable. Blaine often joked about that I should have had him turn me into a vampire too before getting pregnant, since then none of this would bother me and I would not feel pain. There were days where I begged him to do it now, but he told me that it was against the rules for any vampire to turn or even drink from a pregnant woman. Darn it!
One Reply to “1-20) A New Addition to the Family”
1. Yep, vampy Viktoria here we come…once the baby comes. I wonder if it will be a vampire… hmmm. If so, then Viktoria will most assuredly ask to be turned.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47867 | This week at writing group, we had a record number of people show up. It was amazing since we are only recently back up and running (and brand new for me because I just moved). That many people in the room means our pre-writing social time has some amazing perspectives and new ideas.
We got talking about various topics, as always, discussing the different ways people plot, if they plot, and how their writing is going. As our conversation drifted toward character development, we discussed how our own personalities are a culmination of the five people we are around the most. It’s the social proximity effect — we pick up the habits of those we are around the most.
That, of course, bleeds into our writing. Some people laughed at characters they have named in their story and their human counterparts in the real world. Some talked about the mashup of different people they used to create the personality, and name, of a character. That later transitioned to how people develop their characters within the story, as in, the story creates the characters or the characters create the story.
The more I thought about my previous writings, the more I realized how foundational characters are in my stories. Every story I’ve written (three complete books, two incomplete, one in progress for NaNo) has started with a character. As the character builds in my head, before I’ve even started writing, the story around them starts to grow.
I fall in love with my characters before I start writing them.
I’ve always believed that characters make a story. You can have a fantastic tale of adventure or romance or fantasy or whatever else you might write, but if you send the wrong character through the plot, you’ve missed a huge opportunity. I don’t often start books without finishing, but this can deter me from reading.
I’ve also always believed that if you don’t truly love what you’re writing, it’s going to show. There have been wonderful books written, well researched, well developed, and with truly amazing characters, but when the writing isn’t passionate — I don’t even care if it is written poorly or perfectly— when the writing doesn’t show that connection, it can be heartbreaking. I’ve walked away from books like this too.
Because I have the freedom to create whatever I want, I started with characters before I created the story. I had conversations with them in my head. I asked questions of them. I observed their mannerisms. I became best friends with them. I fell in love with them.
I molded my characters into someone I loved. Then I wrote the story around them.
When you fall in love with your characters, your emotion bleeds into your writing. When you write them through exciting moments, you get excited with them. If you send them through hell, you feel their emotions. I have to be careful writing in public because my face mimics their facial expression or the emotion of the scene.
I don’t think you have to be the most talented writer in the world to write a good book. I do believe that you should love what you write. It’s not always easy, but if you can learn to fall in love with your characters, you’ll show up for them. You’ll want to show up for them. That’s how you create a story people want to read. Love your characters, the good and bad, and your writing will thank you.
Stay up to date on my NaNo happenings and other writing fun with my newsletter. I like to give sneak peeks into my writing and provide different thought processes and value for writing and life.
Posted by:The Winter Writer
2 replies on “Fall In Love With Your Characters
1. Say what you will about Stephenie Meyer but The Host made me feel that way. I also loved The Magicians, but in a sense I felt like the longer the books continued, the less he loved writing the characters and was just continuing the story. Though the movie Beautiful Creatures was a disaster and some people judged the book on that, I think the first two books were quite wonderful.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47877 | Northam’s Vietnam
Forward into the quagmire
27 thoughts on “Northam’s Vietnam
1. If the courts decide that whatever the GA passes is Constitutional it will be enforced.
The National Review can bloviate all it wishes to about what a HUGE mistake the Dems are making, but we are governed by the rule of law. There are more than a few laws I believe violate my rights and I’m free to break if I wish to spend time in jail.
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1. What do you think will happen when a jury trial for possessing or selling an AR takes place in any of the sanctuary counties? I know a lawyer cannot argue jury nullification, but do you think we’ll have any trouble getting the word out as we did for the Sanctuary resolutions?
The best Herring could hope for is an endless series of hung juries, except for in those urban counties who supported this mess.
2. Pretty silly article. If we are going to base arguments on fantasies instead of evidence it is not hard to concoct a counter-example to the helpless little girl defending her virginity with Daddy’s arsenal. For example, one of the proposed laws is to limit sales of guns to one per month. Imagine the legal jeopardy of a defiant gun dealer who sells ten to a guy who turns out to be a biker gang leader and those ten guns are used to take that poor family hostage leading to the rape and murder of that helpless little girl, her mother, her sister, her two brothers and her little dog too. That gun dealer gonna get a pass?
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1. @Tabor
Sure, straw purchases are illegal but it IS legal for a gun dealer to sell any number of guns to one person at one time. See the difference. In a straw purchase it is the buyer who is the criminal. After the one-gun-a-month law is restored it will be the dealer who is the criminal. And MUCH easier to catch and prosecute. Not hard to understand if you want to.
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1. One gun a month has a disparate impact on honest people.
If my firearms were stolen or destroyed in a fire, with one-gun-a-month it would take over a year to replace them. Plus, it interferes with Christmas shopping.
1. Aside from which, I don’t think that’s how it works.
If a person, under OGPM buys 10 handguns at 10 different dealers, how are the dealers the criminals?
3. “First of all, the Second Amendment–sanctuary movement is morally just, unlike the Massive Resistance movement of the late ’50s and early ’60s.”
…the same Massive Resistance movement that the National Review was fully in favor of.
Just say you like your guns and you have a constitutional right to them. Don’t try to act like you have the moral high ground, when your publication of, by, and for Ivy League blue bloods has never been on the right side of anything.
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1. Here’s one.
Buckley, W., F. (1957). Why the south must prevail. National Review, 4, 148–49.
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4. Quagmire? Vietnam? No, no. And no, we didn’t lose in Vietnam either.
We rampaged about the peninsula (Cambodia, and Thailand too) by land and air for 10 years, mining harbors, sinking shipping, bombing cities, burning villages, denuding jungles, destroying crops and fields. We dumped more munitions in that place than we did in all of WWII, including the nukes.
We killed 600,000 NVA, god only knows how many irregulars, and the lion’s share of 1.6 million women, children, and old men, since if we killed a militia-aged male, he was automatically part of the meticulously maintained combatant body count. And we lost a paltry 60,000. Two years of drunk drivers.
Good God, we didn’t lose. We just sickened of the carnage. I’m sure even a serial killer has vomited.
But, I digress. This will not hurt Northam. Geez, it’s not like he used a racial slur or did something like, I dunno, like blackface for Halloween,.
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5. More fear mongering form the right about what MIGHT happen. Any laws that are passed will be tested for Constitutionality, prior to passage, I would hope. It is the same campaign waged by the NRA when Clinton and Obama were elected. “The Dems are coming for your guns!” Funny how it never really materialized to that extent.
Let the legislative process play out. I am hoping there is more transparency and openness under this Democratic than there was under GOP control. Let people attend meetings. Let the voices of ALL be heard fairly. Let ALL votes in committee be made public. This is how it is supposed to be in a representative democracy.
1. What did I say in my post about majority rule? Not one damned word. I said let the process play out, including judicial review. If the laws pass muster through the courts, then it is what it is.
1. Because they support YOUR principles. If your principles were different you would feel otherwise.
And Shapiro works for the CATO Institute. It is no wonder he holds this opinion or that you agree with it 100%.
Even Chief Justice Roberts had to remind Trump AND everyone else, that there is no such thing as Obama judges or Trump judges. ALL judges are expected to render fair decisions. Just because you disagree does not mean they are not principled.
2. According to the piece, that is true on the Supreme Court. That does NOT indicate a lack of principles, just a different set. And one that I believe is more in keeping with what our Founders had in mind.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47881 | I love working with founders who are building great products. Especially founders from India building global software brands. I root for them, help them and sometimes nudge them to perform at their peak.
My career path has woven like a crazy quilt – engineer, CEO of an early-stage startup, product manager & head of product & innovation leader at Intuit. Along this experience have put together high-performance teams and built world-class products to win in existing markets and attack new markets. Helped over several dozen founders build their v1 product into a sustainable growth business and assisted a handful of them in to meaningful M&A.
I write about things that interest me here, usually it is about Saas, M&A, Marketing, Learning, Performance, First principle Thinking and translating that for mass consumption.
Last year I a co-authored a guide book on how Indian founders can get to their first $100K in revenue which became a #1 in business books category in India for 3 months and resonated deeply with hundreds of Indian founders.
Value SaaS Basecamp Guide: An Indian founders guide to achieve first $10K MRR by [M, Thiyagarajan, Bajaj, Abhishek, Krishnamoorthy, Prasanna]
I gave a talk to an executive class of founder CEOs at IIM B on the India SaaS opportunity in 2019
More about my professional work mission can be read here. www.upekkha.io
My full name is Thiyagarajan Maruthavanan while my colloquial name is Rajan which confuses humans more than search engines. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47882 | The Synergistic Function of Netrin-1 and Ephrin Signals in Spinal Motor Axon Guidance
Project: A - Government Institutionb - Ministry of Science and Technology
Our bodies interact with the external world through voluntary movement exemplified by the computational tasks coordinated by precisely formed neuronal connections. Neuronal connectivity defects caused by axon guidance errors during development can induce drastic consequences that are frequently incompatible with life, such as mental retardation. However, how complex neuronal circuits are assembled still remains poorly understood. To address this question, we study the molecular mechanism controlling the specification of connections between spinal motor neurons and their muscle targets. A relatively simple in vivo system suitable for our study is the axonal projections of spinal motor neurons that innervate limb muscles and resides in the lateral motor column (LMC) of the ventral spinal cord. LMC neurons are comprised of medial and lateral divisions and grow towards the base of the limb to diverge to form, respectively, ventral and dorsal limb nerves. Members of Eph tyrosine kinase receptors and their ephrin ligands have been suggested to modulate the dorso-ventral selection of LMC motor axons. In addition, our preliminary studies implicated the involvement of another guidance systems, Netrin-1 and its receptors, in LMC pathfindings. To better understand the functions of Netrin system in spinal motor neurons and the mechanisms of how multiple guidance systems cooperate, we investigate the following HYPOTHESIS: Netrin can (1) elicits growth cone attraction and repulsion by binding its receptors that are modulated by electrical activity, and (2) integrate with ephrin signals to regulate trajectories of spinal motor axons into the limb. We propose to test this hypothesis through the following specific aims and experimental approaches: SA1: Determine the role of Netrin-1 receptors in LMC neuron development. 1.1 Determine how attractive Netrin receptors function using (1) Netrin, Dee, and Neogenin mutant mice embryos and (2) missexpressed chick embryos by in ovo electroporation. 1.2 Determine how repulsive Netrin receptors function using (1) Une5e mutant mice embryos and (2) biochemical approaches to screen for proteins interacting with Unc5c upon exposure to Netrin-1 SA2: Investigate whether electrical activity is required for Netrin-1-mediated axon guidance. 2.1 Study the requirement of electrical activity for Netrin receptor expression and LMC axon guidance by (1) generating a loss of LMC neurons spontaneous activity using the GABA blocker in ovo and (2) a genetic mean through the knockout of Munc18. 2.2 Study the Netrin receptor localization dependence on electrical activity by measuring the presence of surface Netrin-1 receptors following (1) electroporating light-gated activity agents and (2) drug treatment to stimulate or block electrical activity. SA3: Determine how Netrin and ephrin signals are integrated by LMC growth cones. 3.1 Investigate the mode of integration between Netrin and ephrin signaling using (1) the in vitro stripe assay and (2) co-electroporation of receptors in ovo. 3.2 Investigate the underlying mechanisms of cooperative Netrin and ephrin signals by (1) observations of growth cone dynamics, (2) co-immunoprecipitation, and (3) in vitro stripe assays. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/47883 | Taekaury - Spirit of Koguryo (CD)
Taekaury - Spirit of Koguryo (CD)
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Korean pagan black metal. Debut album. Koguryo (or Goguryeo) was one of the three ancient kingdoms of Korea that existed between 37 BC and 668 AD.
Track listing
1. Intro
2. Killing Racist
3. Fucking Nowadays Korean Mental
4. Spirit of Koguryo
5. Gwanggaeto the Great King
6. From Dusk Till Dawn
7. Outro
8. Way of Blood Bonus |
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