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<p>Expresses the sense of Congress that the Supreme Court misinterpreted the First Amendment to the Constitution in the case of <i>Buckley v. Valeo</i> because the decision failed to recognize: (1) that the unlimited spending of large amounts of money on elections has a corrosive effect on the electoral process not simply because of direct transactions between those who give large amounts of money and candidates and elected officials but because the presence of unlimited amounts of money corrupts the process on a more fundamental level; and (2) other legitimate state interests which justify limiting money in campaigns, including the need to preserve the integrity of our republican form of government, restore public confidence in government, and ensure all citizens a more equal opportunity to participate in the political process.<br> </p>
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This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.
</dc:description>
</dublinCore>
</billStatus>
| {
"actions": [
{
"action_code": null,
"action_date": "2013-01-25",
"committees": [
{
"activities": [],
"chamber": null,
"name": "Constitution and Limited Government Subcommittee",
"subcommittees": [],
"system_code": "hsju10",
"type": null
}
],
"source_system": {
"code": 1,
"name": "House committee actions"
},
"text": "Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution And Civil Justice.",
"type": "Committee"
},
{
"action_code": null,
"action_date": "2013-01-04",
"committees": [
{
"activities": [],
"chamber": null,
"name": "Judiciary Committee",
"subcommittees": [],
"system_code": "hsju00",
"type": null
}
],
"source_system": {
"code": 2,
"name": "House floor actions"
},
"text": "Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.",
"type": "IntroReferral"
},
{
"action_code": null,
"action_date": "2013-01-04",
"committees": [],
"source_system": {
"code": 9,
"name": "Library of Congress"
},
"text": "Introduced in House",
"type": "IntroReferral"
},
{
"action_code": null,
"action_date": "2013-01-04",
"committees": [],
"source_system": {
"code": 9,
"name": "Library of Congress"
},
"text": "Introduced in House",
"type": "IntroReferral"
}
],
"amendments": [],
"bill_type": "HCONRES",
"cbo_cost_estimates": [],
"committee_reports": [],
"committees": [
{
"activities": [
{
"date": "2013-01-04T15:07:25Z",
"name": "Referred to"
}
],
"chamber": "House",
"name": "Judiciary Committee",
"subcommittees": [
{
"activities": [
{
"date": "2013-01-25T19:12:36Z",
"name": "Referred to"
}
],
"name": "Constitution and Limited Government Subcommittee",
"system_code": "hsju10"
}
],
"system_code": "hsju00",
"type": "Standing"
}
],
"congress": 113,
"cosponsors": [],
"create_date": null,
"introduced_date": "2013-01-04",
"latest_action": {
"action_code": null,
"action_date": "2013-01-25",
"committees": [],
"source_system": null,
"text": "Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution And Civil Justice.",
"type": null
},
"laws": [],
"notes": [],
"number": 6,
"origin_chamber": "House",
"origin_chamber_code": "H",
"policy_area": "Government Operations and Politics",
"related_bills": [],
"sponsor": {
"bioguide_id": "K000009",
"by_request_type": null,
"district": "9",
"first_name": "MARCY",
"full_name": "Rep. Kaptur, Marcy [D-OH-9]",
"identifiers": null,
"is_by_request": null,
"last_name": "KAPTUR",
"middle_name": null,
"party": "D",
"state": "OH"
},
"subjects": [
"Constitution and constitutional amendments",
"Elections, voting, political campaign regulation",
"First Amendment rights",
"Supreme Court"
],
"summaries": [
{
"action_date": "2013-01-04",
"action_desc": "Introduced in House",
"text": "<p>Expresses the sense of Congress that the Supreme Court misinterpreted the First Amendment to the Constitution in the case of <i>Buckley v. Valeo</i> because the decision failed to recognize: (1) that the unlimited spending of large amounts of money on elections has a corrosive effect on the electoral process not simply because of direct transactions between those who give large amounts of money and candidates and elected officials but because the presence of unlimited amounts of money corrupts the process on a more fundamental level; and (2) other legitimate state interests which justify limiting money in campaigns, including the need to preserve the integrity of our republican form of government, restore public confidence in government, and ensure all citizens a more equal opportunity to participate in the political process.<br> </p>",
"update_date": "2013-02-05T20:46:27Z",
"version_code": "00"
}
],
"text_versions": [
{
"date": "2013-01-04T05:00:00Z",
"type": "Introduced in House",
"url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-113hconres6ih/xml/BILLS-113hconres6ih.xml"
}
],
"title": "Expressing the sense of Congress that the Supreme Court misinterpreted the First Amendment to the Constitution in the case of Buckley v. Valeo.",
"titles": [
{
"bill_text_version_code": null,
"bill_text_version_name": null,
"chamber_code": null,
"chamber_name": null,
"parent_title_type": null,
"source_system": null,
"title": "Expressing the sense of Congress that the Supreme Court misinterpreted the First Amendment to the Constitution in the case of Buckley v. Valeo.",
"title_type": "Display Title",
"title_type_code": null,
"update_date": null
},
{
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"title": "Expressing the sense of Congress that the Supreme Court misinterpreted the First Amendment to the Constitution in the case of Buckley v. Valeo.",
"title_type": "Official Title as Introduced",
"title_type_code": null,
"update_date": null
}
],
"update_date": "2019-11-15T21:33:27Z",
"update_date_including_text": "2019-11-15T21:33:27Z",
"version": "3.0.0"
} | [
{
"bs_tv": {
"date": "2013-01-04T05:00:00Z",
"type": "Introduced in House",
"url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-113hconres6ih/xml/BILLS-113hconres6ih.xml"
},
"bulk_path": "data/govinfo/BILLS/113/1/hconres/BILLS-113hconres6ih.xml",
"congress_num": 113,
"file_name":... |
113-hconres-7 | 113 | hconres | 7 | data/113/bills/hconres/hconres7/fdsys_billstatus.xml | 2024-01-05 11:15:00 | <billStatus>
<version>
3.0.0
</version>
<bill>
<number>
7
</number>
<updateDate>
2022-11-15T16:35:05Z
</updateDate>
<updateDateIncludingText>
2022-11-15T16:35:05Z
</updateDateIncludingText>
<originChamber>
House
</originChamber>
<originChamberCode>
H
</originChamberCode>
<type>
HCONRES
</type>
<introducedDate>
2013-01-04
</introducedDate>
<congress>
113
</congress>
<cdata/>
<committees>
<item>
<systemCode>
hsfa00
</systemCode>
<name>
Foreign Affairs Committee
</name>
<chamber>
House
</chamber>
<type>
Standing
</type>
<activities>
<item>
<name>
Referred to
</name>
<date>
2013-01-04T15:04:30Z
</date>
</item>
</activities>
</item>
</committees>
<actions>
<item>
<actionDate>
2013-01-04
</actionDate>
<text>
Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
</text>
<type>
IntroReferral
</type>
<actionCode>
H11100
</actionCode>
<sourceSystem>
<code>
2
</code>
<name>
House floor actions
</name>
</sourceSystem>
<committees>
<item>
<systemCode>
hsfa00
</systemCode>
<name>
Foreign Affairs Committee
</name>
</item>
</committees>
</item>
<item>
<actionDate>
2013-01-04
</actionDate>
<text>
Introduced in House
</text>
<type>
IntroReferral
</type>
<actionCode>
Intro-H
</actionCode>
<sourceSystem>
<code>
9
</code>
<name>
Library of Congress
</name>
</sourceSystem>
</item>
<item>
<actionDate>
2013-01-04
</actionDate>
<text>
Introduced in House
</text>
<type>
IntroReferral
</type>
<actionCode>
1000
</actionCode>
<sourceSystem>
<code>
9
</code>
<name>
Library of Congress
</name>
</sourceSystem>
</item>
</actions>
<sponsors>
<item>
<bioguideId>
L000551
</bioguideId>
<fullName>
Rep. Lee, Barbara [D-CA-13]
</fullName>
<firstName>
BARBARA
</firstName>
<lastName>
LEE
</lastName>
<party>
D
</party>
<state>
CA
</state>
<district>
13
</district>
<isByRequest>
N
</isByRequest>
</item>
</sponsors>
<cosponsors>
<item>
<bioguideId>
H001032
</bioguideId>
<fullName>
Rep. Holt, Rush [D-NJ-12]
</fullName>
<firstName>
RUSH
</firstName>
<lastName>
HOLT
</lastName>
<party>
D
</party>
<state>
NJ
</state>
<middleName>
D.
</middleName>
<district>
12
</district>
<sponsorshipDate>
2013-01-04
</sponsorshipDate>
<isOriginalCosponsor>
True
</isOriginalCosponsor>
</item>
<item>
<bioguideId>
G000551
</bioguideId>
<fullName>
Rep. Grijalva, Raúl M. [D-AZ-3]
</fullName>
<firstName>
Raúl
</firstName>
<lastName>
Grijalva
</lastName>
<party>
D
</party>
<state>
AZ
</state>
<middleName>
M.
</middleName>
<district>
3
</district>
<sponsorshipDate>
2013-01-04
</sponsorshipDate>
<isOriginalCosponsor>
True
</isOriginalCosponsor>
</item>
</cosponsors>
<policyArea>
<name>
International Affairs
</name>
</policyArea>
<subjects>
<legislativeSubjects>
<item>
<name>
Foreign aid and international relief
</name>
</item>
</legislativeSubjects>
<policyArea>
<name>
International Affairs
</name>
</policyArea>
</subjects>
<summaries>
<summary>
<versionCode>
00
</versionCode>
<actionDate>
2013-01-04
</actionDate>
<actionDesc>
Introduced in House
</actionDesc>
<updateDate>
2013-01-09T15:58:09Z
</updateDate>
<text>
<p>Recognizes the importance of foreign assistance programs in promoting national security, demonstrating the American people's humanitarian spirit, and improving U.S. credibility in world affairs.</p> <p>Expresses support for providing at least 1% of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) each year for nonmilitary foreign assistance.</p>
</text>
</summary>
</summaries>
<title>
Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should provide, on an annual basis, an amount equal to at least one percent of United States gross domestic product (GDP) for nonmilitary foreign assistance programs.
</title>
<titles>
<item>
<titleType>
Display Title
</titleType>
<title>
Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should provide, on an annual basis, an amount equal to at least one percent of United States gross domestic product (GDP) for nonmilitary foreign assistance programs.
</title>
</item>
<item>
<titleType>
Official Title as Introduced
</titleType>
<title>
Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should provide, on an annual basis, an amount equal to at least one percent of United States gross domestic product (GDP) for nonmilitary foreign assistance programs.
</title>
</item>
</titles>
<textVersions>
<item>
<type>
Introduced in House
</type>
<date>
2013-01-04T05:00:00Z
</date>
<formats>
<item>
<url>
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-113hconres7ih/xml/BILLS-113hconres7ih.xml
</url>
</item>
</formats>
</item>
</textVersions>
<latestAction>
<actionDate>
2013-01-04
</actionDate>
<text>
Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
</text>
</latestAction>
</bill>
<dublinCore xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
<dc:format>
text/xml
</dc:format>
<dc:language>
EN
</dc:language>
<dc:rights>
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
</dc:rights>
<dc:contributor>
Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress
</dc:contributor>
<dc:description>
This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.
</dc:description>
</dublinCore>
</billStatus>
| {
"actions": [
{
"action_code": null,
"action_date": "2013-01-04",
"committees": [
{
"activities": [],
"chamber": null,
"name": "Foreign Affairs Committee",
"subcommittees": [],
"system_code": "hsfa00",
"type": null
}
],
"source_system": {
"code": 2,
"name": "House floor actions"
},
"text": "Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.",
"type": "IntroReferral"
},
{
"action_code": null,
"action_date": "2013-01-04",
"committees": [],
"source_system": {
"code": 9,
"name": "Library of Congress"
},
"text": "Introduced in House",
"type": "IntroReferral"
},
{
"action_code": null,
"action_date": "2013-01-04",
"committees": [],
"source_system": {
"code": 9,
"name": "Library of Congress"
},
"text": "Introduced in House",
"type": "IntroReferral"
}
],
"amendments": [],
"bill_type": "HCONRES",
"cbo_cost_estimates": [],
"committee_reports": [],
"committees": [
{
"activities": [
{
"date": "2013-01-04T15:04:30Z",
"name": "Referred to"
}
],
"chamber": "House",
"name": "Foreign Affairs Committee",
"subcommittees": [],
"system_code": "hsfa00",
"type": "Standing"
}
],
"congress": 113,
"cosponsors": [
{
"bioguide_id": "H001032",
"district": "12",
"first_name": "RUSH",
"full_name": "Rep. Holt, Rush [D-NJ-12]",
"identifiers": null,
"is_original_cosponsor": true,
"last_name": "HOLT",
"middle_name": "D.",
"party": "D",
"sponsorship_date": "2013-01-04",
"sponsorship_withdrawn_date": null,
"state": "NJ"
},
{
"bioguide_id": "G000551",
"district": "3",
"first_name": "Raúl",
"full_name": "Rep. Grijalva, Raúl M. [D-AZ-3]",
"identifiers": null,
"is_original_cosponsor": true,
"last_name": "Grijalva",
"middle_name": "M.",
"party": "D",
"sponsorship_date": "2013-01-04",
"sponsorship_withdrawn_date": null,
"state": "AZ"
}
],
"create_date": null,
"introduced_date": "2013-01-04",
"latest_action": {
"action_code": null,
"action_date": "2013-01-04",
"committees": [],
"source_system": null,
"text": "Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.",
"type": null
},
"laws": [],
"notes": [],
"number": 7,
"origin_chamber": "House",
"origin_chamber_code": "H",
"policy_area": "International Affairs",
"related_bills": [],
"sponsor": {
"bioguide_id": "L000551",
"by_request_type": null,
"district": "13",
"first_name": "BARBARA",
"full_name": "Rep. Lee, Barbara [D-CA-13]",
"identifiers": null,
"is_by_request": null,
"last_name": "LEE",
"middle_name": null,
"party": "D",
"state": "CA"
},
"subjects": [
"Foreign aid and international relief"
],
"summaries": [
{
"action_date": "2013-01-04",
"action_desc": "Introduced in House",
"text": "<p>Recognizes the importance of foreign assistance programs in promoting national security, demonstrating the American people's humanitarian spirit, and improving U.S. credibility in world affairs.</p> <p>Expresses support for providing at least 1% of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) each year for nonmilitary foreign assistance.</p>",
"update_date": "2013-01-09T15:58:09Z",
"version_code": "00"
}
],
"text_versions": [
{
"date": "2013-01-04T05:00:00Z",
"type": "Introduced in House",
"url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-113hconres7ih/xml/BILLS-113hconres7ih.xml"
}
],
"title": "Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should provide, on an annual basis, an amount equal to at least one percent of United States gross domestic product (GDP) for nonmilitary foreign assistance programs.",
"titles": [
{
"bill_text_version_code": null,
"bill_text_version_name": null,
"chamber_code": null,
"chamber_name": null,
"parent_title_type": null,
"source_system": null,
"title": "Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should provide, on an annual basis, an amount equal to at least one percent of United States gross domestic product (GDP) for nonmilitary foreign assistance programs.",
"title_type": "Display Title",
"title_type_code": null,
"update_date": null
},
{
"bill_text_version_code": null,
"bill_text_version_name": null,
"chamber_code": null,
"chamber_name": null,
"parent_title_type": null,
"source_system": null,
"title": "Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should provide, on an annual basis, an amount equal to at least one percent of United States gross domestic product (GDP) for nonmilitary foreign assistance programs.",
"title_type": "Official Title as Introduced",
"title_type_code": null,
"update_date": null
}
],
"update_date": "2022-11-15T16:35:05Z",
"update_date_including_text": "2022-11-15T16:35:05Z",
"version": "3.0.0"
} | [
{
"bs_tv": {
"date": "2013-01-04T05:00:00Z",
"type": "Introduced in House",
"url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-113hconres7ih/xml/BILLS-113hconres7ih.xml"
},
"bulk_path": "data/govinfo/BILLS/113/1/hconres/BILLS-113hconres7ih.xml",
"congress_num": 113,
"file_name":... |
113-hconres-8 | 113 | hconres | 8 | data/113/bills/hconres/hconres8/fdsys_billstatus.xml | 2024-01-05 07:49:01 | "<billStatus>\n <version>\n 3.0.0\n </version>\n <bill>\n <number>\n 8\n </number>\n <updateDa(...TRUNCATED) | {"actions":[{"action_code":null,"action_date":"2013-01-15","committees":[{"activities":[],"chamber":(...TRUNCATED) | [{"bs_tv":{"date":"2013-01-15T05:00:00Z","type":"Introduced in House","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov(...TRUNCATED) |
113-hconres-9 | 113 | hconres | 9 | data/113/bills/hconres/hconres9/fdsys_billstatus.xml | 2024-01-05 08:01:03 | "<billStatus>\n <version>\n 3.0.0\n </version>\n <bill>\n <number>\n 9\n </number>\n <updateDa(...TRUNCATED) | {"actions":[{"action_code":null,"action_date":"2013-01-22","committees":[{"activities":[],"chamber":(...TRUNCATED) | [{"bs_tv":{"date":"2013-01-22T05:00:00Z","type":"Introduced in House","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov(...TRUNCATED) |
113-hconres-10 | 113 | hconres | 10 | data/113/bills/hconres/hconres10/fdsys_billstatus.xml | 2024-01-05 08:37:01 | "<billStatus>\n <version>\n 3.0.0\n </version>\n <bill>\n <number>\n 10\n </number>\n <updateD(...TRUNCATED) | {"actions":[{"action_code":null,"action_date":"2013-01-25","committees":[{"activities":[],"chamber":(...TRUNCATED) | [{"bs_tv":{"date":"2013-01-25T05:00:00Z","type":"Introduced in House","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov(...TRUNCATED) |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
Dataset Description
This dataset is part of a family of datasets that provide convenient access to congressional data from the US Government Publishing Office via the GovInfo Bulk Data Repository. GovInfo provides bulk data in xml format. The raw xml files were downloaded using the congress repo. Further processing was done using the legisplain legisplain repo.
Hyperdemocracy Datasets
- usc-billstatus (metadata on each bill)
- usc-textversion (different text versions of bills in xml)
- usc-unified (combined metadata and text version xml)
UNIFIED (metadata + text for congresses 113-119)
bill status
- https://www.govinfo.gov/bulkdata/BILLSTATUS
- https://github.com/usgpo/bill-status/blob/main/BILLSTATUS-XML_User_User-Guide.md
- https://github.com/usgpo/bulk-data/blob/main/Bills-XML-User-Guide.md
text versions
- https://www.govinfo.gov/bulkdata/BILLS
- https://xml.house.gov/
- https://github.com/usgpo/bill-dtd?tab=readme-ov-file
Column Descriptions
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
| legis_id | a unique ID for each bill ({congress_num}-{legis_type}-{legis_num}) |
| congress_num | the congress number for the bill |
| legis_type | one of [hr, hres, hconres, hjres, s, sres, sconres, sjres] (see govinfo - types of legislation) |
| legis_num | bills in each congress and of each type get an incrementing number as part of their ID |
| bulk_path | XML file path during bulk download |
| lastmod | lastmod date during bulk download |
| bs_xml | contents of billstatus XML file |
| bs_json | billstatus XML parsed into JSON |
| tvs | every text version for this bill |
Examples
The dataset is broken into splits (one split per congress number).
from datasets import load_dataset
# load each split into a `DatasetDict` keyed on congress number
dsd = load_dataset(path="hyperdemocracy/usc-unified")
# load a single congress number into a `Dataset`
ds = load_dataset(path="hyperdemocracy/usc-unified", split=117)
# load all congress numbers into a single `Dataset`
ds = load_dataset(path="hyperdemocracy/usc-unified", split="all")
Congress Number to Date Mapping
| Congress Number | Years | Metadata | Text |
|---|---|---|---|
| 119 | 2025-2026 | True | True |
| 118 | 2023-2024 | True | True |
| 117 | 2021-2022 | True | True |
| 116 | 2019-2020 | True | True |
| 115 | 2017-2018 | True | True |
| 114 | 2015-2016 | True | True |
| 113 | 2013-2014 | True | True |
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