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2hop__147356_87112 | What is the population of the city Ralph Vary Chamberlin died? | 190,884 | [
"Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a population of 1,153,340 (2014 estimate). Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City - Ogden - Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile (190 km) segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other is Reno, Nevada).",
"Ralph Vary Chamberlin (January 3, 1879October 31, 1967) was an American biologist, ethnographer, and historian from Salt Lake City, Utah. He was a faculty member of the University of Utah for over 25 years, where he helped establish the School of Medicine and served as its first dean, and later became head of the zoology department. He also taught at Brigham Young University and the University of Pennsylvania, and worked for over a decade at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, where he described species from around the world."
] |
2hop__147386_42277 | Constituting the southern border of where Tadeusz Peiper died is what forest? | Kabaty | [
"Tadeusz Peiper (Kraków, May 3, 1891 – November 10, 1969, Warsaw) was a Polish poet, art critic, theoretician of literature and one of the precursors of the avant-garde movement in Polish poetry. Born to a Jewish family, Peiper converted to Catholicism as a young man and spent several years in Spain. He is notable as the co-founder of the Awangarda krakowska group of writers.",
"The flora of the city may be considered very rich in species. The species richness is mainly due to the location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions comprising substantial proportions of close-to-wilderness areas (natural forests, wetlands along the Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest, located within the borders of Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest. Bielany Forest nature reserve is connected with Kampinos Forest. It is home to rich fauna and flora. Within the forest there are three cycling and walking trails. Other big forest area is Kabaty Forest by the southern city border. Warsaw has also two botanic gardens: by the Łazienki park (a didactic-research unit of the University of Warsaw) as well as by the Park of Culture and Rest in Powsin (a unit of the Polish Academy of Science)."
] |
2hop__147386_42328 | How many museums are there in the city where Tadeusz Peiper died? | 60 | [
"As interesting examples of expositions the most notable are: the world's first Museum of Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters in the world, Museum of Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum. From among Warsaw's 60 museums, the most prestigious ones are National Museum with a collection of works whose origin ranges in time from antiquity till the present epoch as well as one of the best collections of paintings in the country including some paintings from Adolf Hitler's private collection, and Museum of the Polish Army whose set portrays the history of arms.",
"Tadeusz Peiper (Kraków, May 3, 1891 – November 10, 1969, Warsaw) was a Polish poet, art critic, theoretician of literature and one of the precursors of the avant-garde movement in Polish poetry. Born to a Jewish family, Peiper converted to Catholicism as a young man and spent several years in Spain. He is notable as the co-founder of the Awangarda krakowska group of writers."
] |
2hop__147406_63766 | What is the name of the castle in the city where Václav Hrabě died? | Prague Castle | [
"Václav Hrabě (June 13, 1940, Příbram, Czechoslovakia – March 5, 1965, Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a Czech poet and writer, and the most important member of the Beat Generation in former Czechoslovakia.",
"Prague Castle General information Architectural style Baroque and Mannerism Location 119 08 Prague 1, Czech Republic Current tenants Miloš Zeman, President of the Czech Republic and the First Lady Construction started 870; 1148 years ago (870) Completed 1929; 89 years ago (1929) Design and construction Architect Matthias of Arras and Peter Parler Website www.hrad.cz"
] |
2hop__147407_63766 | What is the name of the castle in the city where Václav Smetáček lived at the time of his death? | Prague Castle | [
"Václav Smetáček (30 September 1906 in Brno – 18 February 1986 in Prague) was a Czech conductor, composer, and oboist.",
"Prague Castle General information Architectural style Baroque and Mannerism Location 119 08 Prague 1, Czech Republic Current tenants Miloš Zeman, President of the Czech Republic and the First Lady Construction started 870; 1148 years ago (870) Completed 1929; 89 years ago (1929) Design and construction Architect Matthias of Arras and Peter Parler Website www.hrad.cz"
] |
2hop__147409_42292 | Who has the power of legislative action in the city where Waclaw Berent lived when he died? | Warsaw City Council | [
"Legislative power in Warsaw is vested in a unicameral Warsaw City Council (Rada Miasta), which comprises 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years. Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government. Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor (the President of Warsaw), who may sign them into law. If the mayor vetoes a bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote.",
"Wacław Berent (Warsaw, 28 September 1878 – 19 November or 22 November 1940, Warsaw) was a Polish novelist, essayist and literary translator from the Art Nouveau period, publishing under the pen names S.A.M. and Wł. Rawicz. He studied Natural Science in Kraków and Zurich, and obtained a PhD in Munich before returning to Warsaw and embarking on a literary career around the turn of the century. Berent became a member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature () in 1933."
] |
2hop__147409_430 | When did Chopin's family move to the city where Waclaw Berent died? | October 1810 | [
"In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.",
"Wacław Berent (Warsaw, 28 September 1878 – 19 November or 22 November 1940, Warsaw) was a Polish novelist, essayist and literary translator from the Art Nouveau period, publishing under the pen names S.A.M. and Wł. Rawicz. He studied Natural Science in Kraków and Zurich, and obtained a PhD in Munich before returning to Warsaw and embarking on a literary career around the turn of the century. Berent became a member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature () in 1933."
] |
2hop__14780_42185 | When was the person who goaded the French into war by editing a telegram sent by William I born? | 1862 | [
"Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself.",
"The immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure, but Otto von Bismarck goaded the French into declaring war by altering a telegram sent by William I. Releasing the Ems Dispatch to the public, Bismarck made it sound as if the king had treated the French envoy in a demeaning fashion, which inflamed public opinion in France."
] |
2hop__14790_19483 | When did the Allies force the fighters the first battle appeared to favor out of the Iberian peninsula? | 1814 | [
"On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging trenches and rifle pits while placing their artillery and their mitrailleuses in concealed positions. Finally aware of the Prussian advance, the French opened up a massive return fire against the mass of advancing Germans. The battle at first appeared to favor the French with their superior Chassepot rifle. However, the Prussian artillery was superior with the all-steel Krupp breech-loading gun. By 14:30, General Steinmetz, the commander of the First Army, unilaterally launched his VIII Corps across the Mance Ravine in which the Prussian infantry were soon pinned down by murderous rifle and mitrailleuse fire from the French positions. At 15:00, the massed guns of the VII and VIII Corps opened fire to support the attack. But by 16:00, with the attack in danger of stalling, Steinmetz ordered the VII Corps forward, followed by the 1st Cavalry Division.",
"Napoleon would end up leaving Iberia in order to deal with the Austrians in Central Europe, but the Peninsular War continued on long after his absence. He never returned to Spain after the 1808 campaign. Several months after Corunna, the British sent another army to the peninsula under the future Duke of Wellington. The war then settled into a complex and asymmetric strategic deadlock where all sides struggled to gain the upper hand. The highlight of the conflict became the brutal guerrilla warfare that engulfed much of the Spanish countryside. Both sides committed the worst atrocities of the Napoleonic Wars during this phase of the conflict. The vicious guerrilla fighting in Spain, largely absent from the French campaigns in Central Europe, severely disrupted the French lines of supply and communication. Although France maintained roughly 300,000 troops in Iberia during the Peninsular War, the vast majority were tied down to garrison duty and to intelligence operations. The French were never able to concentrate all of their forces effectively, prolonging the war until events elsewhere in Europe finally turned the tide in favor of the Allies. After the invasion of Russia in 1812, the number of French troops in Spain vastly declined as Napoleon needed reinforcements to conserve his strategic position in Europe. By 1814, after scores of battles and sieges throughout Iberia, the Allies had managed to push the French out of the peninsula."
] |
2hop__149107_91206 | What is the pyramid building in the city where Terence Hallinan held a position? | Transamerica Pyramid | [
"The Transamerica Pyramid at 600 Montgomery Street between Clay and Washington Streets in the Financial District of San Francisco, California, United States, is a 48 - story postmodern building and the second - tallest skyscraper in the San Francisco skyline. Its height will be surpassed by Salesforce Tower, currently under construction. The building no longer houses the headquarters of the Transamerica Corporation, which moved its U.S. headquarters to Baltimore, Maryland, but it is still associated with the company and is depicted in the company's logo. Designed by architect William Pereira and built by Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company, at 853 feet (260 m), on completion in 1972 it was the eighth - tallest building in the world.",
"Terence Hallinan (born December 4, 1936) is an American attorney and politician from San Francisco, California. He is the second of six sons born to Progressive Party presidential candidate Vincent Hallinan and his wife, Vivian Hallinan. Hallinan was educated at the London School of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, Hastings College of the Law. He currently practices privately in San Francisco."
] |
2hop__14922_14927 | When was the census of sea life carried out in the continent highest in elevation? | International Polar Year | [
"Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra.",
"A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap of 12,000 km (7,456 mi). Large animals such as some cetaceans and birds make the round trip annually. More surprising are small forms of life such as mudworms, sea cucumbers and free-swimming snails found in both polar oceans. Various factors may aid in their distribution – fairly uniform temperatures of the deep ocean at the poles and the equator which differ by no more than 5 °C, and the major current systems or marine conveyor belt which transport eggs and larval stages."
] |
2hop__14922_14948 | What latitude is the border of the continent with the highest average elevation? | south of 60° S | [
"New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System. Antarctica is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 60° S for the purposes of the Treaty System. The treaty was signed by twelve countries including the Soviet Union (and later Russia), the United Kingdom, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and the United States. It set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection, and banned military activity on Antarctica. This was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War.",
"Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra."
] |
2hop__14922_14970 | What is the size of the continent that is highest in elevation in square miles? | 5,400,000 | [
"Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:",
"Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra."
] |
2hop__14922_15014 | Where is the continental limit of the continent highest in elevation? | 60th parallel south | [
"Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra.",
"Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families by the Argentine government to determine if the continent was suitable for family life. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Frei Montalva Station, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Several bases are now home to families with children attending schools at the station. As of 2009, eleven children were born in Antarctica (south of the 60th parallel south): eight at the Argentine Esperanza Base and three at the Chilean Frei Montalva Station."
] |
2hop__14957_14937 | Since what year has tourism been ongoing to the Earth's southernmost continent? | 1957 | [
"Small-scale \"expedition tourism\" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Not all vessels associated with Antarctic tourism are members of IAATO, but IAATO members account for 95% of the tourist activity. Travel is largely by small or medium ship, focusing on specific scenic locations with accessible concentrations of iconic wildlife. A total of 37,506 tourists visited during the 2006–07 Austral summer with nearly all of them coming from commercial ships. The number was predicted to increase to over 80,000 by 2010.",
"Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres (5,400,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula."
] |
2hop__14957_15014 | Where is the continental limit of the Earth's most southern continent? | 60th parallel south | [
"Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families by the Argentine government to determine if the continent was suitable for family life. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Frei Montalva Station, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Several bases are now home to families with children attending schools at the station. As of 2009, eleven children were born in Antarctica (south of the 60th parallel south): eight at the Argentine Esperanza Base and three at the Chilean Frei Montalva Station.",
"Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres (5,400,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula."
] |
2hop__14959_53204 | When did the ocean surrounding Antarctica become a thing? | the 1770s | [
"Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres (5,400,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.",
"By way of his voyages in the 1770s, Captain James Cook proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe. Since then, geographers have disagreed on the Southern Ocean's northern boundary or even existence, considering the waters as various parts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, instead. However, according to Commodore John Leech of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), this situation has no scientific sense since it has different ecosystem and life from the three oceans mentioned before and is located on a southern portion of Earth, hence the name of an ocean. This remains the current official policy of the IHO, since a 2000 revision of its definitions including the Southern Ocean as the waters south of the 60th parallel has not yet been adopted. Others regard the seasonally - fluctuating Antarctic Convergence as the natural boundary."
] |
2hop__149686_107869 | Who is the show Clarissa von Anstetten from by? | Reg Watson | [
"Clarissa von Anstetten (née Prozeski and formerly Kaufmann) is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character is played by actress Isa Jank from the show's debut on 2 January 1995 to 5 September 2001 and again since 21 June 2011. She left the show again on 20 March 2013.",
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning."
] |
2hop__149693_107869 | Who created the show with the character of David Brandner? | Reg Watson | [
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning.",
"David Brandner is a fictional character on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\" portrayed by actor Sven Koller from September 11, 2008 to June 15, 2010."
] |
2hop__149693_533616 | Who is a cast member of the show on which David Brandner is a character? | Valerie Niehaus | [
"David Brandner is a fictional character on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\" portrayed by actor Sven Koller from September 11, 2008 to June 15, 2010.",
"Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner."
] |
2hop__14969_14937 | Since what year has tourism been ongoing to the southernmost continent? | 1957 | [
"Small-scale \"expedition tourism\" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Not all vessels associated with Antarctic tourism are members of IAATO, but IAATO members account for 95% of the tourist activity. Travel is largely by small or medium ship, focusing on specific scenic locations with accessible concentrations of iconic wildlife. A total of 37,506 tourists visited during the 2006–07 Austral summer with nearly all of them coming from commercial ships. The number was predicted to increase to over 80,000 by 2010.",
"Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:"
] |
2hop__14969_14960 | How many square kilometers is the southernmost continent? | 14,000,000 square kilometres | [
"Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres (5,400,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.",
"Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:"
] |
2hop__149704_107869 | Who created the show Florian Brandner is a character in? | Reg Watson | [
"Florian Brandner is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was first played by Frédéric A. Komp from 2 January 1995 to the fall of 1996 and again in February 1997 and from June to October 1998. The character was recast with actor Alex Huber four years later, on 12 July 2002. Huber left after one and a half year, when the character was written out. He made his last appearance on 15 January 2004.",
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning."
] |
2hop__149704_533616 | Who is a cast member of the show Florian Brandner is in? | Valerie Niehaus | [
"Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner.",
"Florian Brandner is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was first played by Frédéric A. Komp from 2 January 1995 to the fall of 1996 and again in February 1997 and from June to October 1998. The character was recast with actor Alex Huber four years later, on 12 July 2002. Huber left after one and a half year, when the character was written out. He made his last appearance on 15 January 2004."
] |
2hop__149723_107869 | Who is the creator of the show in which Katja Brandner is a character? | Reg Watson | [
"Katja Brandner is a fictional character on German daytime soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe\" (\"Forbidden Love\"). The character was portrayed by actress Diana Frank from January 15, 2008 to January 5, 2009.",
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning."
] |
2hop__149723_533616 | Who is a cast member on the show that Katja Brandner is in? | Valerie Niehaus | [
"Katja Brandner is a fictional character on German daytime soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe\" (\"Forbidden Love\"). The character was portrayed by actress Diana Frank from January 15, 2008 to January 5, 2009.",
"Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner."
] |
2hop__149731_140497 | What network first aired the show where Lydia Brandner was from? | Das Erste | [
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning.",
"Lydia Brandner (divorced von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe\" (Forbidden Love). The role was originated by actress Theresa Underberg on 16 January 2008. Theresa announced on 21 December 2010 that she will leave the show in early 2011. She made her last appearance on 29 March 2011."
] |
2hop__149735_140497 | What network first aired the show where Matthias Brandner is a character? | Das Erste | [
"Matthias Brandner is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\" portrayed by actor and entertainer Thomas Ohrner. He made his first appearance on screen on 15 January 2008 and had his final appearance on 14 December 2010.",
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning."
] |
2hop__149742_432788 | Who is the cast member of the show Ned Parker is from? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016.",
"Ned Parker is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Dan O'Connor. He made his first appearance on screen on 9 August 2005, arriving to see his brother, Stuart. He departed on 31 July 2008."
] |
2hop__149755_432788 | Who is a cast member in the show that Ryan McLachlan is from? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Ryan McLachlan is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Richard Norton. He made his first screen appearance on 15 February 1990 and remained on the show until 21 March 1991.",
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016."
] |
2hop__149769_432788 | Who plays Daniel Robinson in the soap opera where Terese Willis is also a character? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016.",
"Terese Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Rebekah Elmaloglou. The actress was cast in the role after attending an audition in late 2012. Before she began filming her first scenes in early February 2013, Elmaloglou had to ask the producers to change the pronunciation of her character's name. Elmaloglou's character and her family were created and introduced to \"Neighbours\", as part of an ongoing overhaul of the show's cast and renewed focus on family units within the show. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 14 May 2013."
] |
2hop__149784_107869 | Who created the show that the character of Annegret Wittkamp is in? | Reg Watson | [
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning.",
"Annegret Wittkamp is a fictional character on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". She was portrayed by Gabriele Kastner from August 24, 1996 to August 28, 1996. In 2008 the actress Ursula Heyer, who is known previously for serving as the German dubbing voice for Joan Collins, took over the role and debuted on-screen on August 26, 2008. She left the show on November 25, 2008 after her three months contract was up."
] |
2hop__149784_533616 | Who was a cast member of the show that the character of Annegret Wittkamp is in? | Valerie Niehaus | [
"Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner.",
"Annegret Wittkamp is a fictional character on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". She was portrayed by Gabriele Kastner from August 24, 1996 to August 28, 1996. In 2008 the actress Ursula Heyer, who is known previously for serving as the German dubbing voice for Joan Collins, took over the role and debuted on-screen on August 26, 2008. She left the show on November 25, 2008 after her three months contract was up."
] |
2hop__149786_533616 | Who is a cast member in the fictional work Arno Brandner is a character in? | Valerie Niehaus | [
"Arno Brandner is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was portrayed by actor Konrad Krauss, who first appeared in the series premiere on 2 January 1995.",
"Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner."
] |
2hop__149828_432788 | Who is a cast member on the show that Mason Turner is from? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016.",
"Mason Turner is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Taylor Glockner. The actor previously auditioned for guest roles on the show, but the producers decided to develop a long-term character specifically for him instead. Glockner's character, Mason, was created and introduced along with the Turner family, as part of a major overhaul of the show's cast. Glockner was given a two-year contract with \"Neighbours\" and he began filming his first scenes as Mason in November 2012. Glockner made his first screen appearance as Mason during the episode broadcast on 22 February 2013. In December 2013, it was announced that Glockner was to leave \"Neighbours\" and Mason departed on 28 February 2014."
] |
2hop__14982_34844 | When did the country which found nine meteorites in 1969 give up trying to recapture Henderson Field? | February 1943 | [
"Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first meteorite was found in 1912, and named the Adelie Land meteorite. In 1969, a Japanese expedition discovered nine meteorites. Most of these meteorites have fallen onto the ice sheet in the last million years. Motion of the ice sheet tends to concentrate the meteorites at blocking locations such as mountain ranges, with wind erosion bringing them to the surface after centuries beneath accumulated snowfall. Compared with meteorites collected in more temperate regions on Earth, the Antarctic meteorites are well-preserved.",
"With Japanese and Allied forces occupying various parts of the island, over the following six months both sides poured resources into an escalating battle of attrition on land, at sea, and in the sky. Most of the Japanese aircraft based in the South Pacific were redeployed to the defense of Guadalcanal. Many were lost in numerous engagements with the Allied air forces based at Henderson Field as well as carrier based aircraft. Meanwhile, Japanese ground forces launched repeated attacks on heavily defended US positions around Henderson Field, in which they suffered appalling casualties. To sustain these offensives, resupply was carried out by Japanese convoys, termed the \"Tokyo Express\" by the Allies. The convoys often faced night battles with enemy naval forces in which they expended destroyers that the IJN could ill-afford to lose. Later fleet battles involving heavier ships and even daytime carrier battles resulted in a stretch of water near Guadalcanal becoming known as \"Ironbottom Sound\" from the multitude of ships sunk on both sides. However, the Allies were much better able to replace these losses. Finally recognizing that the campaign to recapture Henderson Field and secure Guadalcanal had simply become too costly to continue, the Japanese evacuated the island and withdrew in February 1943. In the sixth month war of attrition, the Japanese had lost as a result of failing to commit enough forces in sufficient time."
] |
2hop__149839_432788 | Who is a cast member on the show Riley Parker is from? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Riley Parker (also Hale) is a fictional character from the Australian Network Ten soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Sweeney Young. He made his first on-screen appearance on 17 August 2007. He was involved in various storylines most notably an incest plot. The character was axed in 2008 and departed on 23 May 2008.",
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016."
] |
2hop__149842_107869 | Who created the show that has the character of Sarah von Lahnstein? | Reg Watson | [
"Sarah von Lahnstein (née Käppler, formerly Hofmann) is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was portrayed by actress Sina-Valeska Jung from 11 July 2006 to 5 May 2009.",
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning."
] |
2hop__149848_432788 | Who is a cast member on the show where Sophie Ramsay is a character? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016.",
"Sophie Ramsay is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Kaiya Jones. The actress was cast in the role following a competitive audition process. Jones began filming her first scenes in February 2009. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 18 May 2009. The character was created as part of a new generation of the Ramsay family, along with her brother Harry (Will Moore) and sister Kate (Ashleigh Brewer). Sophie is the youngest of three siblings introduced to the show. Sophie departed on 29 March 2013, after Jones decided to leave to concentrate on her schooling. The actress briefly reprised the role for two episodes from 7 April 2014."
] |
2hop__149855_511442 | Who is the writer of the 1996 play that features the character of Abraham Van Helsing? | Steven Dietz | [
"Professor Abraham Van Helsing is a fictional character from the 1897 gothic horror novel \"Dracula\". Van Helsing is an aged polymath Dutch doctor with a wide range of interests and accomplishments, partly attested by the string of letters that follows his name: \"MD, D.Ph., D.Litt., etc.\", indicating a wealth of experience, education and expertise. The character is best known throughout many adaptations of the story as a vampire hunter and the archenemy of Count Dracula.",
"Dracula is an adaptation, first published in 1996, by American playwright Steven Dietz of Bram Stoker's novel by the same name. Though it has never run on Broadway, the author lists it among his most financially successful works, and it is frequently performed near Halloween in regional and community theaters. Closely following the plot of the novel, the play chronicles Count Dracula's journey to England, his stalking of two young women, and his pursuit and eventual defeat by the heroines' suitors and their associates."
] |
2hop__149856_432788 | Who is a cast member on the show Aidan Foster is from? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Aidan Foster is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Bobby Morley. Both the character and Morley's casting was announced on 19 June 2011. The actor began filming his first scenes that same week. Aidan was introduced to \"Neighbours\" as a love interest for established character Chris Pappas (James Mason). Morley revealed that Aidan's sexuality did not affect his decision in accepting the role, as it does not define him. Morley was initially contracted for six months and he stated that he was happy to stay with the soap for longer. He made his first screen appearance as Aidan during the episode broadcast on 19 August 2011. Morley took a ten-week break from \"Neighbours\" in April 2012 to appear in the feature film, \"Blinder\". He made his final appearance as Aidan on 17 January 2013.",
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016."
] |
2hop__149861_107869 | Who created the show with the character Christian Mann? | Reg Watson | [
"Christian Mann is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". He is portrayed by actor Thore Schölermann from 27 November 2006. Schölermann was initially supposed to take a break after December 2012. However, it was later reported that the actor will not return full-time but in a limited capacity.",
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning."
] |
2hop__149861_533616 | Who was a cast member of the show featuring the character of Christian Mann? | Valerie Niehaus | [
"Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner.",
"Christian Mann is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". He is portrayed by actor Thore Schölermann from 27 November 2006. Schölermann was initially supposed to take a break after December 2012. However, it was later reported that the actor will not return full-time but in a limited capacity."
] |
2hop__149878_432788 | Who is a cast member in a show that feature the character Kate Ramsay? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016.",
"Kate Ramsay is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Ashleigh Brewer. The actress successfully auditioned for the role and relocated to Melbourne for filming. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 15 May 2009. Kate was introduced along with her siblings Harry (Will Moore) and Sophie (Kaiya Jones) as a new generation of the Ramsay family. Her storylines have included dealing with the death of her mother, becoming the legal guardian of her siblings, her relationships with Declan Napier (James Sorensen) and Mark Brennan (Scott McGregor) and kissing a student. For her portrayal of Kate, Brewer earned a nomination for Most Popular New Female Talent at the 2010 Logie Awards. In November 2013, it was announced Brewer had quit \"Neighbours\" and Kate was killed off during the episode broadcast on 8 April 2014."
] |
2hop__149881_511442 | Who is the author of the 1996 adaptation of the novel in which Lucy Wetenra appears? | Steven Dietz | [
"Dracula is an adaptation, first published in 1996, by American playwright Steven Dietz of Bram Stoker's novel by the same name. Though it has never run on Broadway, the author lists it among his most financially successful works, and it is frequently performed near Halloween in regional and community theaters. Closely following the plot of the novel, the play chronicles Count Dracula's journey to England, his stalking of two young women, and his pursuit and eventual defeat by the heroines' suitors and their associates.",
"Lucy Westenra is a fictional character in the novel \"Dracula\" (1897) by Bram Stoker. She is introduced as Mina Murray's best friend, the 19-year-old daughter of a wealthy family. Her father is mentioned in the novel when Mina says he was a sleepwalker, and her elderly mother is simply stated as being Mrs. Westenra. In the 1931 Universal production, she is called Lucy Weston. In the 1958 film \"Dracula\", she is called Lucy Holmwood, Arthur Holmwood's sister, who is engaged to Jonathan Harker."
] |
2hop__149891_44359 | How many episodes were dedicated to the menendez brothers in the fictional work Paul Robinette exists in? | eight | [
"Law & Order True Crime is an American true crime anthology series that premiered September 26, 2017 on NBC. The series was ordered by NBC on July 15, 2016, and is part of the Law & Order franchise. Created by Rene Balcer, the eight - episode first season, titled Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders, is a dramatization of the trial of Lyle and Erik Menendez, who were convicted in 1996 for the murder of their parents, José and Kitty Menendez. The first season concluded November 14, 2017.",
"Paul Robinette, played by Richard Brooks, is a fictional character who appeared in the TV drama series \"Law & Order\" from the pilot episode in 1990 until the final episode of the third season, \"Benevolence,\" in 1993. He is the first of the seven Assistant District Attorneys who have been featured on \"Law & Order\", and the only male. He appeared in 69 episodes."
] |
2hop__149922_511442 | Who is the author of the 1996 theatrical adaptation of the novel that Jonathan Harker is from? | Steven Dietz | [
"Dracula is an adaptation, first published in 1996, by American playwright Steven Dietz of Bram Stoker's novel by the same name. Though it has never run on Broadway, the author lists it among his most financially successful works, and it is frequently performed near Halloween in regional and community theaters. Closely following the plot of the novel, the play chronicles Count Dracula's journey to England, his stalking of two young women, and his pursuit and eventual defeat by the heroines' suitors and their associates.",
"Jonathan Harker is a fictional character and one of the main protagonists of Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel \"Dracula\". His journey to Transylvania and encounter with the vampire Count Dracula and his Brides at Castle Dracula constitutes the dramatic opening scenes in the novel and most of the film adaptations. Stoker appropriated the surname from his friend Joseph Cunningham Harker (1855-1920), a set designer at the Lyceum Theatre and father of actor William Gordon Harker (1885-1967) as well as great-grandfather of actress Polly Adams, whose actress-daughters Susannah Harker and Caroline Harker adopted the Harker surname for their stage names."
] |
2hop__149932_432788 | Who is a cast member on the Australian show Neighbors which includes a character named Rhys Lawson? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Rhys Lawson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Ben Barber. The actor's casting was announced on 18 May 2011 and he began filming his first scenes the week before opposite established cast members Alan Fletcher (Karl Kennedy) and Jackie Woodburne (Susan Kennedy). Barber said he loved his character and was looking forward to what was ahead. He made his debut screen appearance on 13 July 2011. In November 2012, it was announced that Barber would be leaving \"Neighbours\" and Rhys made his last screen appearance on 20 March 2013.",
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016."
] |
2hop__149946_86916 | Who was the piano player in the tv show that featured the Hasaris civilization? | Roark Critchlow | [
"Alan Sepinwall of The Star - Ledger found that the episode was an excellent showcase for both Katee Sackhoff and Grace Park, and praised director Michael Nankin who ``(infused) this episode with the qualities of a nightmare. ''Michael Saba of Paste Magazine called the episode an`` exercise in building tension through omission'' and felt the episode was ``excellent ''. IGN writer Eric Goldman praised the writers of the show for the plot turns in the episode, in particular the fact that Boomer's returning to the fleet with Ellen Tigh was in fact just a ruse. Goldman felt the subplot involving Kara was`` a bit meandering'' but that Katee Sackhoff and Roark Critchlow gave strong performances. Cinema Blend felt the writers ``threw a neat little curveball ''with the Roark Critchlow piano playing character being Thrace's father. Marc Bernardin of Entertainment Weekly felt the Boomer storyline was`` awesome'' but was less impressed by the storyline involving Thrace, feeling ``that it did n't tell us anything new ''and that the writers had written a very obvious ending to the subplot.",
"The Hasaris are a fictional alien civilization in the \"Battlestar Galactica video game\" and in the Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)."
] |
2hop__149950_432788 | Who is a cast member on the Australian soap opera featuring the character Jen Handley? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Jen Handley is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Alyce Platt. She made her first on-screen appearance on 14 February 1995. Jen is Luke Handley's sister. She departed on 6 March 1996.",
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016."
] |
2hop__149962_432788 | Who is a cast member in the show Nick Page is in? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Nick Page is a fictional character from the Australian Network Ten soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Mark Stevens. He debuted on-screen in the episode airing on 22 July 1988 and departed the serial in 1990.",
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016."
] |
2hop__149992_432788 | Who is a cast member of the soap opera that the character of Joe Scully is from? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Joe Scully is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Shane Connor. He made his first on-screen appearance on 20 October 1999, along with his family.",
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016."
] |
2hop__150011_140497 | What network first aired the show where the Lahnstein family is from? | Das Erste | [
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning.",
"The Lahnstein family is a very wealthy and aristocratic prestigious fictional family on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The Lahnsteins have been a staple on \"Verbotene Liebe\" since their introduction in September 2003."
] |
2hop__150015_107869 | Who created the show that features the character of Oliver Sabel? | Reg Watson | [
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning.",
"Oliver Sabel is a popular fictional character in the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love : in English)\". The character is portrayed by actor Jo Weil from 31 December 1999 to 3 September 2002 and again since 2 November 2007."
] |
2hop__150015_533616 | Who else is a cast member in the show Oliver Sabel is from? | Valerie Niehaus | [
"Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner.",
"Oliver Sabel is a popular fictional character in the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love : in English)\". The character is portrayed by actor Jo Weil from 31 December 1999 to 3 September 2002 and again since 2 November 2007."
] |
2hop__150021_432788 | Who is a cast member of the show with a character named Adam Rhodes? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Adam Rhodes is a fictional character from the Australian Network Ten soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Benjamin Hart. The character debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 14 June 2007, and left on 29 November 2007.",
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016."
] |
2hop__150026_107869 | Who created the show with the character Jan Brandner? | Reg Watson | [
"Jan Brandner is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was played from the show's debut on January 2, 1995 to August 27, 1997 by actor Andreas Brucker. In March 2011, the role was surprisingly recast with actor Hubertus Grimm; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Grimm debuted in the role on June 23, 2011. The role was reactivated on short-term for a special of the show on the Spanish island Mallorca. The character made his last appearance on January 18, 2012.",
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning."
] |
2hop__150026_533616 | Who is a cast member from the show with a character named Jan Brandner? | Valerie Niehaus | [
"Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner.",
"Jan Brandner is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was played from the show's debut on January 2, 1995 to August 27, 1997 by actor Andreas Brucker. In March 2011, the role was surprisingly recast with actor Hubertus Grimm; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Grimm debuted in the role on June 23, 2011. The role was reactivated on short-term for a special of the show on the Spanish island Mallorca. The character made his last appearance on January 18, 2012."
] |
2hop__150027_140497 | What network first aired the show featuring the character of Judith Hagendorf? | Das Erste | [
"Verbotene Liebe (, lit. \"Forbidden Love\") is a German television soap opera created by Reg Watson for Das Erste. The show is set primarily in the German city of Düsseldorf although, at times, the city of Cologne and the Spanish island of Majorca have figured prominently in the show's story lines. First broadcast on 2 January 1995, \"Verbotene Liebe\" was originally broadcast in 24-minute episodes, five times a week. It expanded to 45-minute episodes on 21 June 2011 and trimmed back to 40-minute episodes on 23 January 2012 to accommodate an adjusted time-slot. In 2006, Pay-TV network Passion began broadcasting episodes of the show from the beginning.",
"Judith Hagendorf is a fictional character on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\" portrayed by actress Katrin Heß from February 18, 2008 to September 15, 2009, when the character was surprisingly written out without any conformation from the production."
] |
2hop__150032_432788 | Which actor participates in the show where Ty Harper is from? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016.",
"Ty Harper is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by singer Dean Geyer. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 27 March 2008. He was introduced to the show as the cousin of Taylah Jordan (Danielle Horvat) and as a potential love interest for Rachel Kinski (Caitlin Stasey). He departed on 30 April 2009."
] |
2hop__150065_15822 | In the post-SNES era, the publisher of Advance Wars relied primarily on what for its support? | first-party games | [
"In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games.",
"Advance Wars is a turn-based tactics video game developed for the Game Boy Advance by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo. It was released in North America on September 10, 2001 with a later release date on Japan and Europe, but the game release was put on hold in both Japanese and European regions due to the following day's September 11 attacks in the United States. Although the game was released in Europe in January 2002, neither GBA game was released in Japan until the \"Game Boy Wars Advance 1+2\" compilation on November 25, 2004. \"Advance Wars\" has been released for the Wii U Virtual Console simultaneously in Europe and North America on April 3, 2014."
] |
2hop__15010_14927 | When was the census of sea life carried out in the continent on which the coldest pole is located? | International Polar Year | [
"A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap of 12,000 km (7,456 mi). Large animals such as some cetaceans and birds make the round trip annually. More surprising are small forms of life such as mudworms, sea cucumbers and free-swimming snails found in both polar oceans. Various factors may aid in their distribution – fairly uniform temperatures of the deep ocean at the poles and the equator which differ by no more than 5 °C, and the major current systems or marine conveyor belt which transport eggs and larval stages.",
"Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prevents temperatures in the Arctic regions from reaching the extremes typical of the land surface of Antarctica. Third, the Earth is at aphelion in July (i.e., the Earth is farthest from the Sun in the Antarctic winter), and the Earth is at perihelion in January (i.e., the Earth is closest to the Sun in the Antarctic summer). The orbital distance contributes to a colder Antarctic winter (and a warmer Antarctic summer) but the first two effects have more impact."
] |
2hop__15010_14948 | What latitude is defined as being the border of the colder pole? | south of 60° S | [
"New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System. Antarctica is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 60° S for the purposes of the Treaty System. The treaty was signed by twelve countries including the Soviet Union (and later Russia), the United Kingdom, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and the United States. It set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection, and banned military activity on Antarctica. This was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War.",
"Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prevents temperatures in the Arctic regions from reaching the extremes typical of the land surface of Antarctica. Third, the Earth is at aphelion in July (i.e., the Earth is farthest from the Sun in the Antarctic winter), and the Earth is at perihelion in January (i.e., the Earth is closest to the Sun in the Antarctic summer). The orbital distance contributes to a colder Antarctic winter (and a warmer Antarctic summer) but the first two effects have more impact."
] |
2hop__15010_14970 | What is the size of the coldest of the poles in square miles? | 5,400,000 | [
"Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:",
"Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prevents temperatures in the Arctic regions from reaching the extremes typical of the land surface of Antarctica. Third, the Earth is at aphelion in July (i.e., the Earth is farthest from the Sun in the Antarctic winter), and the Earth is at perihelion in January (i.e., the Earth is closest to the Sun in the Antarctic summer). The orbital distance contributes to a colder Antarctic winter (and a warmer Antarctic summer) but the first two effects have more impact."
] |
2hop__150142_444333 | Who founded the publisher of Europe-Asia Studies? | George Routledge | [
"Europe-Asia Studies is an academic peer-reviewed journal published 10 times a year by Routledge on behalf of the Institute of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow, and continuing (since vol. 45, 1993) the journal Soviet Studies (vols. 1-44, 1949–1992), which was renamed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The journal focuses on political, economic and social affairs of the countries of the former Soviet bloc and their successors, as well as their history in the 20th century. Both Europe-Asia Studies and Soviet Studies are available online with subscription via JSTOR from 1949 onwards. Recent issues are accessible via Informaworld.",
"George Routledge (23 September 1812 – 13 December 1888) was a British publisher, the founder of the publishing house Routledge."
] |
2hop__150266_15815 | What's the date when the publisher of Pokémon Channel announce the new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\".",
"Pokémon Channel, released in Japan as , is a 2003 video game in the \"Pokémon\" series for the GameCube, developed by Ambrella, published by The Pokémon Company and distributed by Nintendo. The player's goal is to help Professor Oak refine and promote his TV network through watching broadcasts with a Pikachu. The game contains elements of the adventure, digital pet, and simulation genres. The player can explore full 3D environments, have Pikachu converse with other Pokémon, and collect various items."
] |
2hop__150340_444333 | Who founded the journal that published The Review of Communication? | George Routledge | [
"George Routledge (23 September 1812 – 13 December 1888) was a British publisher, the founder of the publishing house Routledge.",
"The Review of Communication is a peer-reviewed online academic journal which is published by Routledge for the National Communication Association. It publishes scholarship that advances the discipline of communication through the study of major themes that cross the disciplinary sub-fields. The current editor is Pat J. Gehrke."
] |
2hop__150366_15822 | On what did the publisher of Warlocked rely primarily for its support? | first-party games | [
"In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games.",
"Warlocked is a real-time strategy video game developed by Bits Studios and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Color. Critical reception towards the game was positive, it received a score of 86% on review aggregation website GameRankings. IGN named the game as the Best Game Boy Strategy game of 2000, and would later list the game as one they would like to see on a hypothetical Virtual Console platform for the Nintendo DSi, owing partially due to its real-time strategy interface. A sequel to the game, titled \"Wizards\", was in development for the Game Boy Advance, but was cancelled due to the lack of a publisher."
] |
2hop__150371_15822 | On what did the publisher of Yoshi's Story primarily rely for its support? | first-party games | [
"Yoshi's Story is a side-scrolling platform game published and developed by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. It was first released in Japan in December 1997, and worldwide the following year. It was re-released on the Wii's Virtual Console service in 2007, and later for the Wii U's Virtual Console in 2016.",
"In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games."
] |
2hop__150484_79705 | what is the enrollment at the university that publishes Hayden's Ferry Review? | 72,000 | [
"ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. It had approximately 72,000 students enrolled in fall 2016, including nearly 59,000 undergraduate and more than 13,000 graduate students. ASU's charter, approved by the board of regents in 2014, is based on the ``New American University ''model created by ASU President Crow. It defines ASU as`` a comprehensive public research university, measured not by whom it excludes, but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed; advancing research and discovery of public value; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic, social, cultural and overall health of the communities it serves.''",
"Hayden's Ferry Review is a well-regarded internationally distributed American literary magazine, published semi-annually by Arizona State University. Founded in 1986, the \"Review\" is headquartered in the Virginia G. Piper Center for Creative Writing at ASU. The \"Review\" also manages a regularly updated blog with news, information and reviews about current events in literature and publishing."
] |
2hop__150501_444333 | Who founded the publisher of Journal of Bisexuality? | George Routledge | [
"George Routledge (23 September 1812 – 13 December 1888) was a British publisher, the founder of the publishing house Routledge.",
"The Journal of Bisexuality is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by the Taylor & Francis Group under the Routledge imprint. It is the official journal of the American Institute of Bisexuality. It covers a wide range of topics on bisexuality including new bisexuality research, bisexual issues in therapy, differences from the straight, lesbian and gay communities, growth of the bisexual movement, bisexuality and the media, bisexual history, and different bisexual lifestyles."
] |
2hop__150521_15822 | What did the publisher of Magnetica primarily rely on for its support? | first-party games | [
"In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games.",
"Magnetica (known in Japan as and in Europe as Actionloop) is a puzzle game for the Nintendo DS, released as part of the Touch! Generations series. The game was developed by Mitchell Corporation and published by Nintendo, and is based on Mitchell's 1998 arcade game \"Puzz Loop\"."
] |
2hop__150582_15815 | On what date did the business that published StarTropics unveil their new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"StarTropics is an action-adventure video game released by Nintendo in 1990 for the NES. Unlike most of Nintendo's games, it was never released or intended to be released in Japan. It was released only in North America and Europe. It was produced, written and directed by Genyo Takeda of Nintendo Integrated Research & Development (who also developed the \"Punch-Out!!\" series). \"StarTropics\" was followed by a sequel titled \"\", released in 1994.",
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\"."
] |
2hop__150590_15815 | What day did the Swapnote publisher unveil the new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\".",
"Swapnote, known as Nintendo Letter Box in PAL regions and in Japan, is a messaging application for the Nintendo 3DS family. \"Swapnote\" was released on December 21, 2011 in Japan and December 22, 2011 in Europe, Australia and North America via the Nintendo eShop. It can be downloaded at no additional cost and is pre-installed on newer systems. \"Swapnote\" is the successor to the PictoChat app for the Nintendo DS line."
] |
2hop__150654_15822 | The business publishing Vertical Force relied primarily on what for its support? | first-party games | [
"In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games.",
"Vertical Force is a vertically scrolling shooter, with two layers (to utilize the 3-D features of the system) for Nintendo's Virtual Boy video game system. It was developed by Hudson Soft and released in 1995."
] |
2hop__150671_127418 | Which year witnessed the formation of the publisher of And Still I Rise? | 2001 | [
"Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas.",
"And Still I Rise is author Maya Angelou's third volume of poetry, published by Random House in 1978. It was published during one of the most productive periods in Angelou's career; she had written three autobiographies and published two other volumes of poetry up to that point. Angelou considered herself a poet and a playwright, but was best known for her seven autobiographies, especially her first,\" I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings\", although her poetry has also been successful. She began, early in her writing career, alternating the publication of an autobiography and a volume of poetry. Although her poetry collections have been best-sellers, they have not received serious critical attention."
] |
2hop__150690_653391 | Who founded the company which published Championship Surfer? | Elliot Handler | [
"Elliot Handler (April 9, 1916 – July 21, 2011) was an American inventor, businessman, and co-founder of Mattel. With his wife, he developed some of the biggest-selling toys in American history, including Barbie, Chatty Cathy, Creepy Crawlers, and Hot Wheels.",
"Championship Surfer is an extreme sports video game developed by Krome Studios, published by Mattel Interactive, and released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation and Dreamcast in 2000."
] |
2hop__150711_15822 | On what did the publisher of EarthBound primarily rely on for support? | first-party games | [
"In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games.",
"EarthBound (known as Mother 2 in Japan) is a role-playing video game developed by Ape Inc. and HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. The second entry in the \"Mother\" series, it was first released in Japan in August 1994, and in North America in June 1995. As Ness and his party of four, the player travels the world to collect melodies from eight Sanctuaries in order to defeat the evil alien force Giygas."
] |
2hop__150763_14904 | Who was the first president of the association which published Journal of Psychotherapy Integration? | G. Stanley Hall | [
"The Journal of Psychotherapy Integration is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of the Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration. It was established in 1991 and covers research in psychotherapy. The editor-in-chief is Jennifer Callahan (University of North Texas).",
"The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's \"Adolescence in 1904.\" Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). This understanding of youth was based on two then new ways of understanding human behavior: Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory. He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on the dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them."
] |
2hop__150889_653391 | Who founded the publisher of Adventures of Tron? | Elliot Handler | [
"Elliot Handler (April 9, 1916 – July 21, 2011) was an American inventor, businessman, and co-founder of Mattel. With his wife, he developed some of the biggest-selling toys in American history, including Barbie, Chatty Cathy, Creepy Crawlers, and Hot Wheels.",
"Adventures of Tron is an action game produced by Mattel in 1982 and the Atari 2600 version of the Intellivision video game \"\". It is based on the Disney film \"Tron\"."
] |
2hop__150904_15815 | What day did the publisher of Aura-Aura Climber unveil the new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\".",
"Aura-Aura Climber is an arcade action video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DSi's DSiWare digital download service. It was released on February 22, 2010."
] |
2hop__150918_14904 | Who was the first president of the publisher of Canadian Psychology? | G. Stanley Hall | [
"Canadian Psychology (French: \"Psychologie canadienne\") is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of the Canadian Psychological Association. The journal was established in 1950 and publishes \"articles in areas of theory, research, and practice that are potentially of interest to a broad cross-section of psychologists\". The editor-in-chief is Vina Goghari (University of Toronto).",
"The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's \"Adolescence in 1904.\" Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). This understanding of youth was based on two then new ways of understanding human behavior: Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory. He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on the dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them."
] |
2hop__150985_444333 | Who founded the publisher of Journal of Media Economics? | George Routledge | [
"The Journal of Media Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of media economics published by Routledge. Since September 2011 its editors-in-chief have been Nodir Adilov (Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis) and Hugh Martin (Ohio University). The journal was established in 1988 with Robert G. Picard as founding editor. Alan B. Albarran became its second editor. He was succeeded by Stephen Lacy, Steven S. Wildman (Michigan State University), Ben Compaine (Northeastern University), and Brendan Cunningham (U.S. Naval Academy). According to the \"Journal Citation Reports\", the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 0.240.",
"George Routledge (23 September 1812 – 13 December 1888) was a British publisher, the founder of the publishing house Routledge."
] |
2hop__15104_8955 | When did Tito first visit the person who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt? | 1954 | [
"Tito's foreign policy led to relationships with a variety of governments, such as exchanging visits (1954 and 1956) with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, where a street was named in his honor.",
"In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty."
] |
2hop__151057_15815 | When did the publisher of Tetrisphere unveil their new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\".",
"Tetrisphere is a falling block puzzle video game for the Nintendo 64 (N64) console. Developed by Canadian company H2O Entertainment, a nearly complete version of the game was originally slated for release on the Atari Jaguar in early 1995. After Nintendo obtained its publishing rights, \"Tetrisphere\" was reworked for the N64 and released on the platform in North America on August 11, 1997, and the PAL regions in February 1998."
] |
2hop__151097_15815 | What day did the publisher of Uniracers unveil the new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"Uniracers, released as Unirally in PAL territories, is a video game created by DMA Design and Nintendo of America for the SNES in North America in December 1994 and in the PAL territories on April 27, 1995.",
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\"."
] |
2hop__151123_14904 | Who was the first president of the publisher of Asian American Journal of Psychology? | G. Stanley Hall | [
"The Asian American Journal of Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of the Asian American Psychological Association. The journal \"is dedicated to research, practice, advocacy, education, and policy within Asian American psychology.\" The editor-in-chief is Bryan S. K. Kim (University of Hawaii at Hilo).",
"The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's \"Adolescence in 1904.\" Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). This understanding of youth was based on two then new ways of understanding human behavior: Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory. He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on the dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them."
] |
2hop__151124_15822 | What did the publisher of Battle Clash rely on for its support? | first-party games | [
"In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games.",
"Battle Clash is a mecha-themed light gun shooting game produced by Nintendo and Intelligent Systems and released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. The game supports the Super Nintendo's light gun, the Super Scope. It was followed by \"\" during the following year."
] |
2hop__151184_15815 | On what day did the publisher of Internet Channel unveil the new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"The Internet Channel is a version of the Opera 9 web browser for use on the Wii by Opera Software and Nintendo. Opera Software also implemented the Nintendo DS Browser for Nintendo's handheld system.",
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\"."
] |
2hop__15118_31263 | Where was the highest known temperature recorded, in the state where the X-10 Graphite Reactor is located? | Perryville | [
"Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.",
"The X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile) and was the first reactor designed and built for continuous operation. Argonne National Laboratory's Experimental Breeder Reactor I, located at the Atomic Energy Commission's National Reactor Testing Station near Arco, Idaho, became the first nuclear reactor to create electricity on 20 December 1951. Initially, four 150-watt light bulbs were lit by the reactor, but improvements eventually enabled it to power the whole facility (later, the town of Arco became the first in the world to have all its electricity come from nuclear power generated by BORAX-III, another reactor designed and operated by Argonne National Laboratory). The world's first commercial scale nuclear power station, Obninsk in the Soviet Union, began generation with its reactor AM-1 on 27 June 1954. Other early nuclear power plants were Calder Hall in England, which began generation on 17 October 1956, and the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, which began on 26 May 1958. Nuclear power was used for the first time for propulsion by a submarine, the USS Nautilus, in 1954."
] |
2hop__151210_15815 | When did Mole Mania's publisher unveil their new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\".",
"Mole Mania, known in Japan as , is a 1996 video game developed by Nintendo EAD and Pax Softnica, and published by Nintendo for the original Game Boy. It is also one of the least known works of Shigeru Miyamoto. The game was re-released for the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console in all major regions throughout 2012."
] |
2hop__151234_14904 | Who was the first president of the organization that publishes Psychology of Addictive Behaviors? | G. Stanley Hall | [
"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors is a peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Psychological Association that publishes original articles related to the psychological aspects of addictive behaviors 8 times a year. The current editor-in-chief is Nancy M. Petry (University of Connecticut School of Medicine).",
"The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's \"Adolescence in 1904.\" Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). This understanding of youth was based on two then new ways of understanding human behavior: Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory. He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on the dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them."
] |
2hop__151267_15815 | On what day did the publisher of The New Tetris unveil the new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"The New Tetris is a puzzle video game for the Nintendo 64. The game was developed by H2O Entertainment and published by Nintendo, based on the latter's popular \"Tetris\" series. The game was originally released on July 31, 1999, in North America.",
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\"."
] |
2hop__151282_127418 | Which year witnessed the formation of the publisher of There's a Wocket in My Pocket? | 2001 | [
"Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas.",
"There's a Wocket in My Pocket is a short children's book by Dr. Seuss, published by Random House in 1974."
] |
2hop__151454_15815 | What day did Balloon Kid's publisher release the new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"Balloon Kid is a flying platform game developed by Pax Softnica and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy on October 5, 1990 in North America and on January 31, 1991 in Europe. It is the sequel to \"Balloon Fight\". It was never released in Japan for the original Game Boy; however, two years after its original release, a licensed Family Computer port titled was reprogrammed and released by Sanrio's subsidiary Character Soft exclusively in Japan on March 27, 1992. A Game Boy Color edition with a few new features titled was released in Japan on July 31, 2000.",
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\"."
] |
2hop__151457_15815 | On what date did the publisher of Chick Chick Boom unveil its new systems? | October 18, 1985 | [
"Chick Chick Boom is an online Adobe Flash game created for Easter 2007 by German developer Extra Toxic and sponsored by Nintendo of Europe. (The two companies had previously cooperated in a similar project called \"\".) The game launched on April 3, 2007 and was only playable through the month of April. After the extra Toxic disabled play on April 30, 2007, a new version of the game, presenting new features and 3D visuals, was released on Q4 2010 for the Wii as a downloadable game for the WiiWare service.",
"At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"NES\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan’s Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h[›] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title \"Robot Gyro\" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title \"Robot Block\"."
] |
2hop__151498_127418 | What year witnessed the formation of the publisher of Lunch of Blood? | 2001 | [
"Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas.",
"Published by Random House in 1994, \"Lunch of Blood\" was dedicated to the artist and critic John Henshaw, and includes Gambotto-Burke's 1991 \"Independent on Sunday\" cover story on British cardiothoracic surgeons (\"Affairs of the Heart\"), and interviews with Martin Amis, Edward de Bono, Gérard Depardieu, Alex Dimitriades, Ben Elton, Rachel Hunter, Elle Macpherson, Morrissey, Marc Newson, Noah Taylor, Naomi Wolf, and others. It peaked at number four on \"The Sydney Morning Herald\"'s bestseller lists and, according to a review section cover story in \"The Weekend Australian\", established Gambotto-Burke's reputation as the \"Stilettoed Assassin\"."
] |
2hop__151537_444333 | Who founded the publisher of The Journal of Social Psychology? | George Routledge | [
"George Routledge (23 September 1812 – 13 December 1888) was a British publisher, the founder of the publishing house Routledge.",
"The Journal of Social Psychology is a bimonthly academic journal covering social psychology published by Routledge, who acquired it from Heldref Publications in 2009. The journal was established in 1929 by John Dewey and Carl Murchison. It covers all areas of basic and applied social psychology. The journal was subtitled \"Political, Racial and Differential Psychology\" until changing its name in 1949."
] |
2hop__15169_67150 | Who piloted the plane that dropped the bomb over the city where Little Boy detonated? | Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. | [
"Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.",
"Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed \"Little Boy\") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and \"Fat Man\") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world."
] |
2hop__15169_90382 | Who was the pilot that dropped the atomic bomb on the city over which Little Boy was detonated? | Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. | [
"Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.",
"Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed \"Little Boy\") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and \"Fat Man\") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world."
] |
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