text
stringlengths 144
682k
|
|---|
Page Experience Update: HTTPS
In 2014, Google called for “HTTPS everywhere.”
Fast forward 7 years. What has happened since then, and what does HTTPS mean for page experience? Find out why HTTPS is preferred over HTTP and how to check your URLs for HTTP status below.
In This Article:
HTTP protocol transfers data from a web server to a browser, thus allowing the user to view a given web page. This protocol was used for most early websites.
Regardless of the nature of your site’s content, keeping user data confidential and secure through HTTP encryption is a key component of protecting users (and in turn, the reputation of your site). The only problem with HTTP protocol is that the information transferred between server and browser is not encrypted. As a result, this data runs the risk of getting stolen by a hacker.
HTTPS, on the other hand, uses a variety of security layers to mitigate the risk of compromising information and is now a crucial aspect of page experience. HTTPS, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, encrypts text like credit card information or login credentials into random characters that can only be deciphered by the user or website.
How HTTPS Protects Data
HTTPS first used SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol, which was then followed by Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol in 1999. Transport Layer Security Protocol protects user data through the following three methods:
1. Encryption creates an encrypted connection between the server and browser, allowing for information to be transferred safely. Any data exchanged through online activity (such as queries, cookies, and website content) is kept private. Keep in mind, however, that information like IP addresses, session duration, and domain names can still be accessed.
2. Authentication prevents man-in-the-middle attacks, a type of cyberattack in which a hacker intercepts communication between two parties. The attacker may relay or even alter communication between both parties.
3. Data integrity detects any instances in which data is altered or manipulated.
HTTP vs HTTPS Performance Difference
HTTPS protocol has a significant impact on page experience, so much so that it’s included in Google’s five signals of page experience
1. Core Web Vitals
2. Mobile-Friendliness
3. Safe Browsing
4. HTTPS
5. Intrusive Interstitials Guidelines
Now that HTTPS protocol has been added as a page experience signal, this means that now more than ever, HTTPS has a substantial impact on the Google algorithm and on a website’s performance in SERPs.
In order to achieve “Good page experience” status in Google Search, a page must have HTTPS encryption.
Google will look at the ratio of HTTP URLs to HTTPS to determine this status. Should your website have too many HTTP URLs, the HTTPS section will appear as “Failing.” Additionally, you will be alerted with a warning banner on your site, so you won’t be kept guessing as to the status of your site.
How to Enable HTTPS
To enable HTTPS on your site, you will need to acquire a security certificate from a trustworthy certificate authority (CA). Publicly trusted certificate authorities are regularly audited to ensure that they are a legitimate validation service and that their certificate issuance procedures are sound.
Currently, Google does not list the exact number of sites on your website that have HTTPS vs HTTP protocol (it can only show the ratio). If you’re looking to switch over your URLs to HTTPs, you can identify which URLs are HTTP vs HTTPS by either creating a domain property or a URL-prefix property
Create a Domain Property
A domain property includes all subdomains (m., www., blog., etc.) and protocols (http, https, ftp).
1. Create a Domain Property.
2. Open the Performance Report for Search in Google Search Console.
3. Filter URLs starting with “http://”.
4. This will generate the first 1,000 HTTP URLs that appear on Google.
Create a URL-Prefix Property
If you can’t add a domain property, you can also create a URL-prefix property for your HTTP address. A URL-prefix property only includes URLs with the specified prefix (including HTTP/HTTPS protocol).
1. Create a URL-prefix property for your HTTP address.
2. Open the Performance Report for Search.
3. View the first 1,000 HTTP URLs that appear in Google Search Results.
Inspect HTTPS URLs
If you’re concerned that the same page has both HTTP and HTTPS versions appearing in search, there’s an easy way to check. Simply examine the URL in question with Google’s URL Inspection Tool. The tool will provide insight into whether or not the URL is appearing in search (and why not).
If you discover that both the HTTP and HTTPS versions of a URL are indexed, be sure to implement a 301 redirect from the HTTP version to the HTTPS URL to avoid duplicate content and avoid negatively impacting your site’s SEO.
For more ways to improve your website’s health, check out these resources:
Sign up for our newsletter for more SEO and Page Experience posts like this delivered straight to your inbox!
|
Remote learning planning and resources:
Spring 2 week 2 planning:
Spring 2 week 2 afternoon resources:
Tour of Church:
Rev Gill has created a tour of our local Church for you to watch.
Spring 2 week 1 planning:
Half term challenges and activities:
Eco challenges:
Pebble challenge:
Over half term we would like each child to decorate a pebble with a picture of what makes you happy so that when school fully re-opens the painted pebbles can be brought in and we can display these in school as a reflection point
Make a Quarantine Time Capsule:
In years to come you might want a unique way to remember the details of living through a Pandemic. As a family you could locate items around the house that are unique to lockdown and put them into a time capsule (shoe boxes are perfect for this!). You could also include newspapers, a diary entry or maybe some pictures of what you have done as a family through lockdown such as discovering a new walk in your area.
You can either decide to bury it in the garden or put it away somewhere safe and then you can decide in future when to open it together and reminisce.
Set a Family Challenge:
Challenge yourself as a family to do something new together over the half term for eg, 10,000 steps a day, learn a new board game, read a set of books etc. Give yourself a reward if you achieve the challenge!
Have a 'Staycation' in your living room:
Make a den or tent in your living and 'camp out' over night. You could make some popcorn and sit and read stories together or watch your favourite film from the comfort of your tent!
Movie and PJ Night with homemade frozen Banana treats:
Have a movie and PJ night but instead of a shop bought treat, why not make your own frozen banana treats. You will need ripe bananas, a large bar of milk chocolate and some sprinkles and wooden lollipop sticks.
1. Take the bananas out of the skins and then melt the chocolate ready to dip the whole banana into. When the bananas are fully covered in chocolate, roll them in the sprinkles until they are fully covered. Then put the lollipop sticks into the bottom of the bananas and leave them to cool down on a plate. Once cool pop them into a freezable container and leave in the freezer overnight.
Spring 1 week 6 planning:
Spring 1 week 5 planning:
Spring 1 Week 4 planning:
Spring 1 week 4 afternoon resources:
Spring 1 week 3 planning:
Spring 1 Week 3 afternoon planning resources:
Spring 1 week 2 planning:
A bear cub found in the garden:
Still image for this video
|
Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
Finite element analysis was applied to analyze six individuals from different primate species (Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758, Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864, Pan troglodytes Blumenbach, 1779, Gorilla gorilla Savage, 1847, Pongo pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760 et Hylobates lar Linnaeus, 1771) to identify stress distribution patterns on the pollical proximal phalanx during simulated hammerstone use. We expected the stress to be better distributed in our species than in other hominids based on the idea that, unlike apes, the human hand is adapted to tool-related behaviors. Our results indicate that the human phalanx unevenly distributes stresses and is one of the most fragile of all, especially when a small hammerstone is simulated. Tool orientation relative to the phalanx did not have a substantial effect on average stress or distribution. We conclude that great apes can resist loads exerted during this activity more efficiently than humans and that there were probably other evolutionary factors acting on this bone in our species.
In Comptes Rendus Palevol 19, 2 (2020)
Thomas A. Püschel
Thomas A. Püschel
Postdoctoral researcher
|
Top Special Offer! Check discount
Get 13% off your first order - useTopStart13discount code now!
Avoiding obstacles to intercultural contact
Several things take place in the process of intercultural contact, but the main idea is to share and transfer cultural values between parties (Jandt, 2012). In this regard, in a formal Japanese ceremony, it is important to point out that anxiety must be overcome; before attending the event, people should expose themselves to Japanese culture. When taking the different steps involved in the ceremony, this will equip them with confidence. Perfectionism thrives in Japanese culture and, as such, people participating in the ceremony should be able to master the basic rules followed in the ceremony. A good understanding of the values represented in the ceremony will prevent anxiety.
The Japanese Tea Ceremony is a time-consuming event. The hosts of the event are involved in intensive preparations before the tea ceremony just to make sure it will be perfect. Alluding to the Japanese ways of tradition, every human action is necessary as it will never take place again. From this observation, individuals attending a tea ceremony for the first time should not focus on similarities but differences so as to ensure they are in line with the Japanese way of life.
While attending the Japanese tea ceremony, individuals should accept to learn the way of life according to the Japanese culture. Additionally, they should be respectful to the cultural beliefs and desist from making assumptions and judgments in regards to their cultural beliefs. This can be achieved by learning about the tea ceremony and the values it represents before attending the event. Mainly, they should clear any doubts by raising their concerns to the individuals conversant with the Japanese culture. By doing so, no one will succumb to ethnocentrism as they will have a better understanding of the ceremony.
Prejudice is perception brought forth to individuals when they have a limited understanding about something. Before attending a Japanese tea ceremony, individuals are advised to familiarize themselves with the event. This can be achieved by visiting a Japanese museum so as to improve one’s understanding of the Japanese culture. Of great importance, is for one to understand the negative implication when people learn about your biased opinions about their way of life. Also, one should desist from creating a justification of their prejudices while in the company of self or others in the tea ceremony.
As indicated earlier on, interested parties should acquaint themselves with the values and beliefs of the Japanese culture before setting out to a tea ceremony event (Sadler, 2011). As a matter of fact, one should practice the rituals over and over again so as to portray an understanding of the culture on the day of the event. For instance, if an individual attending the ceremony for the first time is hosting the event, they should know who to greet first when exchanging greetings. Similarly, while in the event, one is advised to be calm as being hyper may lead one to commit mistakes which may not go down well with the guests. Since it is a cultural event, when allowed to speak, individuals should desist from using slang in their spoken speeches. Also, one should be precise and brief to the point. By so doing, one will be able to escape the pitfalls leading to mistakes. Essentially, putting into consideration how individuals of Japanese origin relate to each other will determine how easily one will be adjusted to their way of life.
Jandt, F. E. (2012). An introduction to intercultural communication: Identities in a global community. Sage Publications.
Sadler, A. L. (2011). Cha-no-yu: The Japanese tea ceremony. Tuttle Publishing.
August 09, 2021
|
Banner principal
Responsável | Principal InvestigatorDulce Freire
Acrónimo | AcronymReSEED
Nome | NameRescuing seeds’ heritage: engaging in a new framework of agriculture and innovation since the 18th century
Tipo de ERC | ERC TypeStarting Grant (StG), SH3, ERC-2017-STG
Ano | Year2018
Valor atribuído | Value1,5 M€
Unidade I&D | Research UnitUC
Resumo | Summary
Humanity is facing a huge challenge: how to feed a growing population in a sustainable way? Scientists from different fields are looking for answers and ReSEED aims to assist such endeavours. Solutions depend on one key issue: seeds. We can have appropriate soil, climate or technologies, however without proper seeds it is impossible to guarantee food production. As historiography has given little attention to the role of seed varieties, there are many gaps in scientific knowledge. I argue that long-term historical analysis is critical to provide the best answers to current questions. ReSEED examines the changing connections between seeds, environment and human action, the triangle that has always underpinned agriculture, since the 18th century. The main objectives are as follows. 1) To map geographical changes in local crop distribution, paying attention to the new seeds made available by Columbian Exchange. 2) To outline which were the social networks supporting the circulation and cultivation of edible seed varieties, and at later date, checking how they articulated with state services. 3) To identify human factors that contribute to reducing, increasing, maintaining or restoring regional agro-biodiversity. 4) To assess the impacts of national and international decisions on local management of the triangle, mainly on farmers’ innovation. 5) To re-examine the long-term dynamics behind various European agricultural modernization itineraries. Based on innovative interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary methodologies, I build robust empirical research on the case of Iberian Peninsula in connection to empires, which allows thorough comparisons with other regions in Europe and beyond. ReSEED promotes strategies for win-win environmental/society outcomes, linking edible seeds to places and to innovations needed for food production. This is crucial to better understand how historical experiences can contribute to create solutions that ensure sustainable futures.
Inicio| Start date2018-11-01
Fim | End date2023-10-31
|
What is 87km in Miles?
You are: Home > Length > Kilometres to Miles
What is 87 Kilometres (87km) in Miles (mi)?
What is 87km in mi? Convert 87 Kilometres (87km) to Miles (mi) and show formula, brief history on the units and quick maths for the conversion.
Enter Kilometres to convert to Miles
Quick Reference for Converting Kilometres to Miles
mi = km / 1.61
Quick Rough Maths
To get the Miles, divide the number of Kilometres by 1.6
Kilometres (km) in 1 Mile
There are 1.61 Kilometres in 1 Mile
Miles (mi) in 1 Kilometre
There are 0.62 Miles in 1 Kilometre
Unit Information
Symbol: km
Unit System: SI
What is the Kilometre?
The kilometre is a unit of length and is a multiple of the metre; an SI derived unit. It has the symbol km.
A kilometre is equal to 1000m, 1094 yards and 0.621 miles.
Kilometres is used to measure road distances in the US, though the UK is still using the imperial "sister" miles.
Symbol: mi
Unit System: Imperial
What is the Mile?
Conversion Tables for Kilometres (km) to Miles (mi)
|
1. Development, calibration and validation of bus-following models to support analyses and evaluation of alternative BRT strategies under different scenarios:Analyse the ability of different microscopic models to represent different operational conditions and bus operation, and develop a calibration procedure using data on bus operation.
2. Typology and analysis of business plans, contracts and incentives for BRT and urban mobility systems: Examine the incentives and the relationship between private operators and public bodies, collecting public data to estimate a budget-balance fare using Ramsey pricing.
3. Understanding perceptions of stakeholders for BRT: buy in for uncertain modal prospects: Understand the key perceived barriers that militate against support for BRT in the presence of LRT options, and the way in which these differ between users and non-users of public transport.
4. Analysis of successful high-quality bus services in larger developed cities:Analyse how larger cities in the developed world can best implement BRT service design features to improve bus services in their higher-density corridors.
5. Modelling reliability, cost, travel times, safety, comfort and other relevant variables of modal choice:Explore differences across modes (particularly those competing with BRT) and explore implications for transport planning and design.
6. Designing BRT stations and surrounding areas according to operational, safety and urban criteria
7. Planning and design of BRT systems for different levels of demand and spatial structure
8. Designing express services for BRT: Investigate heuristics for the express service generation problem, extending it to work with networks.
9. Designing BRT Corridors for transit-oriented development: explore the relationship between the design of BRT systems and the planning and design of the urban environments in which they exist. It aims to test the hypothesis that BRT systems can be a successful driver of urban revitalization.
10. Way-finding and transit map design
11. Investigating fare evasion on Transantiago
12. Fare structures
13. Collaborating planning for transport projects: Re-theorize sustainable transport from a spatial, territorial and social perspective, rather than a transport-centred focus, with practical experimentation in Santiago
|
Special Report
How Technology Has Changed the World Since 2010
Source: Rawpixel / Getty Images
36. 4G phones
4G, or 4th Generation Mobile standard, uses high speed networks that have to meet certain criteria such as a download speed of 100Mb a second for someone on the move and 1Gb a second for an immobile location or someone who moves at a slow speed. The Evo, an Android-based phone released in 2010, was the first 4G phone. IPhone 5, which was released in 2012, was the first iPhone with 4G connectivity. Soon, though, 4G may become obsolete, as 5G devices are already being made.
|
Select Page
Millville Army Air Field: America’s First Defense Airport (Images of Aviation)
Categories: ,
Millville had always been known for its glassmaking, but with the outbreak of World War II, the community’s identity was primed to change forever. A private civilian airfield gave way to the creation of America’s first defense airport, the training ground for the U.S. Army’s Curtiss P-40 Warhawk and Republic P-47 Thunderbolt pilots. Bright and brave young men from across the country converged on Millville in the early 1940s to learn to fly and fight for freedom. Some died in training; others flew into history as heroes. While in Millville, they lived the average lives of the country’s military men, playing baseball, flirting with the girls at the local USO dances, and attending Sunday night dinners with local families, creating lifelong friendships in a time when a young man’s life expectancy was in the hands of America’s enemies.
|
Coyotes in the Pacific Northwest.
There are so many wild animals in the Pacific Northwest, in part because we have so many types of ecosystems. Mountains, lakes, rivers, deserts, the Salish Sea, and the Pacific Ocean are all home to many animals. One such species living here is the coyote, a distant relative of the domestic dog and wolf and a wildly adaptive species in its own right. In some indigenous cultures in North America, the coyote is known as the trickster, as they’re highly adaptable. Their scientific name, canis latrans, means ‘barking dog’ in Latin, an applicable description if you’ve ever heard these animals.
Coyotes are one of the eight species in the Canis genus; other species in that genus include wolves and domestic dogs. sSome coyotes have been confused with a stray dog but it’s possible to see the difference between a domesticated dog like a German Shepherd and a coyote. Coyotes are relatively small, usually weighing 20-35 pounds and standing roughly 2 feet tall. Compared to the domesticated dog, coyotes also have shorter, bushier tails that carry low to the ground and their muzzles are longer and more narrow. Their coat colors vary, with shades like light sandy blonde, rust, tan, black, and brown.
Coyotes are a part of life here in the Pacific Northwest and the rest of North America, which means we have to learn to coexist with them whether we like it or not. These animals are resilient and adaptive and have been around humans for thousands of years. They’ve been spotted waiting for traffic to stop before crossing a street and casually walking around major cities, like New York, Seattle, and Washington DC. There’s even a decades-long comprehensive study on coyotes in the Chicago metro area, known as the Urban Coyote Research Program, and another project based out of Portland, OR.
Whether we like it or not, coyotes live among us in a variety of settings. These animals have been around for thousands of years and have thrived over the last few decades.
4 comments on “Coyotes in the Pacific Northwest.
1. They are such beautiful creatures. We love to hear them howl in the woods here. They are so adaptable and prolific that , sadly, you can hunt them 365 days a year in Wisconsin 🙁
• Even with all the animals I’ve cared for that coyotes have come after, I still have a deep respect for them. It was amazing to learn just how adaptable they are!
2. Pingback: Coyotes in the Pacific Northwest. — Animals of the Pacific Northwest | huggers.ca
3. Interesting and informative. We see them more in NC these days too.
Leave a Reply
%d bloggers like this:
|
Solutions in Motion™
Posted by Troy Branham on Aug 23 ,2021
Screen_Shot_2016-06-30_at_1.15.33_PM.pngUnderstanding the Reasons for Braking
1. Dynamic Braking
The primary reason for braking is, of course, to get something to stop — also known as “dynamic braking.” A disc is moving and your goal is to get it to come to a complete stop. Any on- or off-road vehicle, aircraft service vehicles, golf carts, construction machinery or even wind turbines refer to this as “active braking.”
2. Holding Position
A second reason involves a “holding position,” which is common with industrial machinery with rotating parts. A winch is a good example of holding position braking. When payout or reeling is complete, a holding position can be of critical value.
3. Controlling Speed
Lastly, there’s “tensioning,” which falls between dynamic braking and holding, and is used for controlling speed. Anything that comes on a roll, such as newspaper, foil, or tape, is manufactured by a web handling system and involves tensioning. Tensioning brakes are applied often, so their pads have high wear rates, but are easily replaceable.
However deciding on which type of brake to use will depend on what’s best for your application, so let’s “brake it down” further…
WATCH: What is a Caliper Disc Brake and How Does It Work?
Understanding What Powers Brakes
There are as many types of brakes as there are countless applications, however, there are three main categories of brakes, determined by how they are powered: mechanical, pneumatic, and hydraulic brakes. Here are some of the ideal applications for each.
1. When to Use Mechanical Brakes
Just as it sounds, mechanical brakes are actuated by the use of a lever, for which no power supply is required. Mechanical brakes are best suited for applications that require static braking that can be manually applied. The best example of this would be a parking brake.
Mechanical brakes can be well suited when nothing more elaborate is required. You pull a lever and the system stops. This is a common way to stop 5–10kw class wind turbines providing safety for service.
2. When to Use Pneumatic Brakes
The power used in these type of brakes is air, supplied primarily by a pneumatic pump. Air brakes typically operate at lower pressures than hydraulic brakes, around 70-120 PSI for most applications.
Pneumatic brakes are commonly used on industrial machinery requiring brakes, because manufacturing facilities most often have a pneumatic compressor on site. For this reason, we typically see pneumatic brakes in factories where machinery with rotating parts need brakes.
3. When to Use Hydraulic Brakes
Most often these brakes are powered by brake fluid, such as hydraulic oil for industrial machinery or DOT 3/4 automotive brake fluid (polyethylene glycol). When pressurized the fluid creates force in PSI. Hydraulic brakes tend toward the high pressures needed for proper stopping, holding, or tensioning. Be sure to specify the fluid type to ensure your brake is equipped with fluid compatible seals.
READ: How Hydraulic Spring Applied Brakes Help Abrahamson Nurseries Work Safer
Hydraulic power supplies are common in most vehicles, such as commercial and off-road type braking. These brakes can be service brakes to stop the vehicle, or used to hold position on machinery. For example, a utility vehicle may have a wire cable reel that needs to be controlled and hydraulic power is available.
Air vs. Hydraulic Brakes
We often see hydraulic brakes used in applications requiring higher torque braking. Oil field and mining equipment typically use hydraulic brakes for this reason. Wind turbines from 5–50kw often have pneumatic (or air) brakes. Wind turbines at 50kw and higher most often have hydraulic brakes.
One More Decision
Your application may require one of two types of brakes, “Double-Acting Brakes” (with two live sides) or “Floating Brakes” (with a single live side).
1. Double-Acting Brakes
A double-acting brake is fixed mounted with pistons on each side that, when actuated, engage against the brake disc. It’s critical for the brake to be well-centered over the disc, with run-out +/- 10 inches, otherwise, the brake pad on one side will wear out faster than the other.
2. Floating Brakes
The floating brake with a single live side is the most common type. This type of brake has a piston (or pistons) on one live side, which press on the rotor (or disc) when engaged. A floating brake is mounted on rods, bushings, or shoulder bolts that are smooth and allow the brake to move when engaged. The disc is fixed, which allows the brake to move to the center so the live side and dead side pads brake with equal and opposing clamping force.
These are the basic things to consider when choosing the best brake for your industrial or vehicular off-highway application. W.C. Branham has a wide line of brakes including pneumatic or hydraulic spring applied and hydraulic/mechanical combinations for many different types of applications.
New call-to-action
Topics: Caliper Disc Brakes
|
The 2-page handout
The reading
Holland's national railway company is going to compensate victims of the Holocaust. World War II ended over 70 years ago, but the Dutch railway has decided to give compensation to people who were taken to Nazi concentration camps on their trains. The company is known as NS. After Germany invaded Holland in 1940, NS trains transported thousands of Jews and other minorities to Nazi death camps. By the end of 1943, most Jews in the Netherlands had been removed and deported. Seven decades later, NS will pay tens of millions of euros to about 500 survivors and to members of their direct family. The company will pay between 5,000 euros to 15,000 euros to each victim.
The company said the payments were part of the company's historical responsibility. It said the company was paid by the Nazis to take the victims to the border. The victims were put on German trains and taken to concentration camps. A spokesman said this was "a black page in the history of the company". He added: "There is no reasonable or appropriate amount of money that [we can pay to] compensate in any way for the suffering inflicted on the victims." The committee said the payments were "a moral gesture". It added: "NS wishes to express the recognition of its share in the individual suffering inflicted by the occupying forces on those involved and their direct surviving relatives."
More Activities
|
Chem230 Wiki
Trend 1.9 of the Lithium Group (Group IA) Trends is that Alkali metal ions do not readily form complexes with ligands such as NH3 or CN-, but polydentate ligands (chelates) such as crown ethers and cryptands with oxygen and nitrogen donor atoms (lewis bases) do form stable complex ions.
The bonding in the complex ions is primarily electrostatic (ionic, very hard) and the relative sizes of the cation and the cavity are important.
This trend is almost entirely dependent on the radius of the cationic species. The larger the cation, the larger the polydentate ligand must be to accommodate the cation. In the same manner, the smaller the cation, the smaller the ligand must be to bind with the cation. If the cavity within the ligand is too large, then the cation will be held too loosely, and won’t bind effectively, and if the cavity is too small for the cation, the cation simply won’t fit inside the ligand.
For example, for complex ions with the 18-crown-6 ether ligand, the order of stability is: Li+<Na+<K+>Rb+>Cs+
The potassium coordinates with 6 partially negatively charged oxygen atoms to make a stable complex ion. Potassium chloride dissociates, allowing the potassium to bind in the cavity, while the anionic chloride stabilizes the complex cationic species.
While the cation is bound in the ligand cavity, all of the charge is pulled into the cavity making the outside of the ring non-polar, making the species soluble in other non-polar (organic) solvents. This feature of polydentate ligands is very useful in phase transfer catalysis.
Similarly, cryptands can also be used to form stable complex ions. Cryptands are generally more selective, hold the cation thousands of times more tightly than crowns, and usually contain oxygen and nitrogen to stabilize the cation.
Other alkali metals with their preferred (parent) crown[]
Remember: The bigger the ion, the bigger the crown needs to be to accommodate the ion.
Li+ 12-Crown-4 (2 crowns sandwich the Li+, forming an 8 coordinate complex ion)
Na+ 15-Crown-5
Rb+ 24-crown-8
Cs+ 3,4-dibenzo-21-crown-7
|
Pan of Andromeda galaxy
Virtual particles and the Nobel Prize
The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics was recently awarded “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter“. The following animation shows one aspect of this research:
Vortex (left) and antivortex (right) emerging from the spins of atoms (arrows) in a thin sheet of magnetic material. Credit: Brian Skinner
A vortex-antivortex pair. Credit: Brian Skinner
Picture a thin sheet of magnetic material, with each arrow representing a single atom and the direction of its “spin”. At the lowest energy, all the spins line up in the same direction. Add some energy, and you can get a “vortex” (left) and “antivortex” (right), which exist in a pair, remaining bound together.
But add even more energy and there is a critical level where the vortex and antivortex can separate. This is named the “Kosterlitz-Thouless transition” after two of the Nobel Prize awardees. It is a phase transition, meaning an abrupt change of state like the melting of ice into water at around 0°C or the evaporation of water into steam at around 100°C. (My summary is based on a very readable introduction.)
The vortex and antivortex almost have the appearance of being literal concrete particles moving to the left or right, however it is clear from the animation they are only emergent from patterns of atoms spinning around. There are many examples of such “virtual” or “emergent” particles in physics, which leads us to an intriguing video by MinutePhysics. (Speaking of abrupt transitions!)
The video describes virtual particles such as an electron “hole” which is simply a gap in an otherwise densely packed sea of electrons. It also describes emergent properties such as electrons behaving as if they had very different mass, charge, or spin, in certain circumstances. Hopefully you will enjoy the physics, or in the very least the spinning Lego models. 🙂
The helical model: do planets move in spirals?
• dubious sources
Taylor wrote:
Motion of the Milky Way
Our small planet is part of a complicated hierarchy of structure in the heavens:
• The Earth rotates once per day, so a person standing on the equator moves at 1700 km/h, relative to the centre of the Earth
• The Earth orbits the Sun at 100,000 km/h, relative to the Sun (in a non-rotating frame of reference)
• The Sun orbits the centre of our Milky Way galaxy at 800,000 km/h
• The Milky Way is approaching the centre of our “Local Group” of galaxies at 200,000 km/h. (This is my rough estimate, based merely on the fact that Andromeda and the Milky Way are approaching one another at twice this speed, and these are the dominant two members of the galaxy group.)
• The Local Group is falling towards the Virgo Cluster at around 400,000 — 1,000,000 km/h, the “Virgocentric flow”. (This is after subtracting the Hubble flow. Note the Local Group and Virgo Cluster are both contained within the Virgo Supercluster, an even larger structure.)
• The Virgo Supercluster is moving towards the “Great Attractor” region at 1,000,000 km/h, according to an older source. (The Great Attractor is due to the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, or the even larger Laniakea Supercluster which encompasses all of the above and more. The Norma Cluster marks the centre.)
• The Laniakea Supercluster is moving towards the Shapley Supercluster.
Map of the sky showing the "hot" and "cold" spots of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This unevenness ("anisotropy") is due to the motion of the Solar System, as the Earth's motion relative to the Sun has already been subtracted. This is from the COsmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite in the early 1990s.
Map of the sky showing the “hot” and “cold” spots of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This unevenness or dipole is due to the motion of the Solar System, where the Earth’s motion relative to the Sun has presumably already been subtracted. This is from the COsmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite in the early 1990s, the first detailed map. In most pictures of the CMB this anisotropy has already been subtracted out, leaving much finer hot/cold dimples.
Going back a step, an alternate method is to measure the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This radiation is nearly uniform in all directions, but shows a hot and cold spot (see Lineweaver 1996 for history). Since this is 100 times more pronounced than the finer fluctuations, it makes sense to interpret it as a Doppler effect due to motion. Hence, the Solar System’s motion is calculated as 1,300,000 km/h in the direction of the constellation Leo. By subtracting off the Sun’s estimated motion, the Local Group has a velocity of 2,200,000 km/h in the direction of the constellation Hydra. This is relative to the “CMB rest frame”, assumed to coincide with the Hubble flow, which is the average motion of matter at large scales and is thought of as being “at rest”. However understand this “rest frame” is just a natural and convenient choice, and not the centuries-old concept of “absolute rest” held by Isaac Newton.
Too many talks to remember…
It has been a hectic but successful day, with 12 hours of cycling around Brisbane and attending talks! I started with a part-drive, part-cycle to Southbank, navigating the rain, to watch two documentaries screened for the World Science Festival. “Mapping the Future: The Power of Algorithms” was an interesting discussion of what “predictive analytics” based on “big data” can foretell of human behaviour. “The Joy of Logic” was too introductory for me, but I was interested in the quirky anecdotes about the Vienna Circle of philosophers.
Next I cycled to the University of Queensland to hear Scott Stephens, editor of the (Australian) ABC’s Religion and Ethics website, on “To See or Not to See: Recovering Moral Vision in a Media Saturated Age”. He was critical of the pettiness of media in a democratic society, citing causes including commercialisation of news, the Watergate scandal, and the media’s change from reporting on politics to deliberately influencing it. Also the rise of social media means news organisations pander to popular taste and attempting to “go viral”. I was reminded of Alain de Botton’s commentary and alternative news experiment.
Immediately afterwards I rushed off to a presentation by George Musser, an editor at Scientific American. Researchers feel popular science reporting at this level and below can be too “dumbed-down” and/or sensationalist. Musser tried to unify the roles of “scientist” and “journalist”: science is his original background, but he also defended a journalist perspective to his audience. He said hot topics include cosmology, anything with “quantum” in the title, mind/consciousness, and others (I can certainly see these emphases in the science festival). But trends change — dinosaurs used to be popular, as was water on Mars but people are sick of hearing about that.
The next talk would be a personal highlight. But first I’ll mention for completeness that last night I attended “The first scientists: Aboriginal science in Queensland” panel discussion. The room was completely packed, the most full for the science festival so far, apparently. There were interesting tidbits such as some man in remote northern Queensland who lost part of a finger to a crocodile, then wrapped it in a local bark, a natural anaesthetic; I would have preferred more concrete examples like this.
The quantity
The number:
We can evaluate
(Poster) Static vs Falling: Time slicings of Schwarzschild black holes
I presented this poster, “Static vs Falling: Time slicings of Schwarzschild black holes” at the GR21 conference in New York City, July 2016. You can download a PDF version. A big thank-you to those who gave feedback, especially to Jiří Podolský who encouraged me to publish it! The section on coordinate vectors has been updated. Also there is a major update to the poster.Schwarzschild slicings 40dpi
Tetrad for Schwarzschild metric, in terms of e
The following is a natural choice of orthonormal tetrad for an observer moving radially in Schwarzschild spacetime with “energy per unit rest mass” e:
\begin{align*} e_{\hat 0}^\mu &= \left(e\Schw^{-1},\pm\eroot,0,0\right) \\ e_{\hat 1}^\mu &= \left(\pm\Schw^{-1}\eroot,e,0,0\right) \\ e_{\hat 2}^\mu &= \left(0,0,\frac{1}{r},0\right) \\ e_{\hat 3}^\mu &= \left(0,0,0,\frac{1}{r\sin\theta}\right) \end{align*}
The components are given in Schwarzschild coordinates. (The ± signs are not independent — they must be either both +1 or both -1. Note that e does not distinguish between inward and outward motion. There is additional freedom to define any of these vectors as their negative.)
We normally think of e as invariant, where there is a presumption of freely falling / geodesic motion, but even if not we can regard it as an instantaneous value.
\evec{0} is the 4-velocity computed previously. The other vectors can be obtained from substituting \gamma=e\Schw^{-1/2} and V=-\frac{1}{e}\sqrt{e^2-1+\frac{2M}{r}} into the tetrad here. \gamma is determined from -\fvec u\cdot\fvec u_{\rm obs}=\gamma and the equation for e above, then V follows from inverting \gamma\equiv(1-V^2)^{-1/2}. This orthonormal frame is useful for determining the object’s perspective, e.g. tidal forces, visual appearances, etc.
Tetrad for Schwarzschild metric
The Schwarzschild observer has 4-velocity
Hartle … Also check no “twisting” etc…
|
What kinds of samples data does a forensic entomologist take at a crime scene?
What information would a forensic entomologist collect from the scene?
It is clear to most scientists that forensic entomologists do not determine the exact postmortem interval. Instead, they determine the age of the insect larvae and use the behavior of the adult insects and growth and development of the insect larvae to calculate a time interval in which death could have occurred.
What does a forensic entomologist analyze?
The forensic entomologist can provide invaluable aid in death cases where human remains are colonized by insects and in the overall investigation. … He is responsible for determining the period of insect activity according to all the variables affecting insect invasion of remains and their development.
What is the process by which a forensic entomologist would collect samples?
Forensic entomologists use the presence of insects to help determine approximate time of death of corpses. Bugs determine time of death in these cases. … These different stages of decomposition attract different insects at different times. One of the first insects to settle into a freshly dead body is the blowfly.
IMPORTANT: Who is the father of forensic science in India?
What type of information can you gain from forensic entomology?
That said, forensic entomology can also assist in detecting drugs and poisons; determining the location of a crime; finding the presence and time of trauma; and even tying suspect, victim, and crime scene to each other.
Why do forensic entomologists take samples from around the body?
Under body procedures
Under the body there can be beetles and maggots burying themselves in the soil. This is why it is important to take soil samples directly under the body so as to recover these insects that might be hidden from plain sight. Insects of all stages of development are collected.
What are the three types of forensic entomology?
Forensic entomology can be divided into three subfields: urban, stored-product and medico-legal/medico-criminal entomology.
What are the 4 duties of a forensic entomologist?
Forensic Entomologist Job Description
• Establish the geographical location of death.
• Associate the victim and suspect to each other.
• Identify the sites of trauma.
• Determine time of death.
• Provide alternative toxicology and DNA samples.
Is Forensic Entomology a good job?
For those who aren’t bothered by bugs and crave a multidisciplinary career in criminal justice and science, becoming a forensic entomologist positions a professional for a rewarding career in this fascinating subfield of forensic science.
What do forensic entomologist do on a daily basis?
The main job duty of forensic entomologists is to find the post-mortem interval (PMI), which is the minimum amount of time for which someone could have been dead. To do this, they examine the species, ages and colony composition of the insects and arthropods found on the body.
IMPORTANT: Is Criminology a course?
Why are maggots attracted to dead bodies?
Ambient conditions affect both how soon after death the blowflies arrive and how quickly the maggots develop. Then, as the body decays due to microbial fermentation, flesh flies (Sarcophagidae) are attracted to it.
How many days before maggots appear?
During this part of the fly life cycle, larvae are also referred to as maggots. Maggots grow rapidly and must molt, or shed a layer of skin, before each larval stage. Each stage takes anywhere from three days (in temperatures above 80 degrees Fahrenheit) to eight weeks (in cooler climates).
What are the three immature development stages of fly maggot called?
Fruit flies undergo three stages of development before emerging as adults: egg, larva and pupa. At room temperature, fruit flies can develop into adults within one to two weeks. The egg and larval stages span approximately eight days, while the pupal stage lasts six days.
What information can a forensic entomologist determine from the crime scene and victim’s body?
What is the best part about being a forensic entomologist?
IMPORTANT: What are the five numerous crime that can be committed on the Internet?
Legal blog
|
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) offer low-power, full-colour, flexible displays for devices such as mp3 players, mobile phones and portable computers. However, some OLED components are inefficient and expensive. Now, Myung-Gyu Kang and Jay Guo of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, US, have developed a new approach to making the electrodes for OLED devices that could cut power consumption and make them cheaper. The same method could also be used to make solar energy panels using OLEDs.1
A mobile phone screen
Source: © istockphoto
Mobile phone displays could use even less power with new semitransparent electrodes
A simple OLED is formed by sandwiching a layer of an organic semiconductor between positive and negative controlling electrodes. The electrodes have to be very thin to be efficient. However, atoms in such thin layers of the common electrode material indium tin oxide (ITO) easily diffuse into the OLED layer itself, leading to device breakdown as the chemical structure of the OLED layer is disrupted.
Other researchers have investigated novel materials, such as titanium nitride, doped zinc oxide, and fluorine tin oxide, as alternatives to ITO. However, while these materials are not susceptible to diffusion they are far less efficient than ITO. Lower efficiency means the device needs more power, which in turn means shorter battery life, thus negating one of the main advantages of OLEDs over conventional inorganic-based display devices.
Kang and Guo believe their method can circumvent all the problems associated with previous electrodes. They use nanoimprint lithography (NIL) to create semitransparent electrodes that do not need expensive metallic elements and, because of their structure, are less susceptible to atomic diffusion problems.
The researchers based their new electrodes on a densely perforated thin film of metal supported on a glass layer. The glass layer used in the test devices will be swapped for a suitably flexible material in real applications. The perforations make the metal layer almost transparent, which means it can be the top electrode in an OLED because it will allow light through.
The researchers can fine-tune the fabrication process to make the perforations smaller or larger and to change their spacing. This enables them to adjust the transparency of the metal layer at different wavelengths of light, allowing different colours to shine through. Importantly, NIL can be used to make an electrode with an enormous area, far bigger than a mobile phone display, and so open up OLED technology to a wider range of applications, including notebook computers and giant-screen TVs that would use little electricity but produce a great image at almost any viewing angle.
To demonstrate the potential of a semitransparent metal electrode, the team constructed an OLED using copper as the metal to be patterned. The organic layer comprised poly(styrenesulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as the conducting layer and poly(2-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-5-methoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene) as the light-emitting layer. They made the opposite electrode from a thin layer of lithium fluoride and aluminium. In tests, the device performed just as well as a conventional OLED, showing high transmittance of visible light and excellent electrical conductivity.
The researchers found that their NIL electrodes had a brightness equal to conventional OLEDs. 'Our results indicate that NIL electrodes are very promising not only because they avoid the disadvantages of ITO but also because they can be fine tuned for different applications, including organic solar cells', says Guo.
Related Links
Science news stories and articles written by David Bradley
|
Outlaw motorcycle clubs, also known as biker gangs, began to take root in the wake of World War II when millions of young American males returned home from battlefronts.
As it turned out, a lot of those men had difficulties re-acclimating to civilian life. They were so used to the idea of a transparent chain of command and strict disciplines to survive, but they didn’t see such things outside the military.
A healthy postwar economy, including veterans’ severance pay, enabled them to purchase the motorcycles and joined various clubs that gave male bonding experience with all the camaraderie and risk-taking activities.
Starting as a way to escape the harsh process of re-acclimation to everyday life, motorcycle clubs have transformed into large business-like organizations that must sustain their operations and members’ well-being.
They need steady cash flow, but at the same time, the clubs have prominent business models. Over the years, some motorcycle clubs engage in business enterprises as criminal organizations, such as drugs, prostitution, weapons, and theft.
While law enforcement thinks of outlaw motorcycle clubs as outright illegal operations, members see themselves as parts of fraternal societies.
The American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) suggests 99 percent of motorcyclists are law-abiding citizens; in other words, the remaining one percent is made up of outlaws. Some of the most notorious “one-percenter gangs” are as follows.
Dave Smith 1965 / Shutterstock.com
10 /10 Hell's Angels
Made famous in the 1967 book Hell’s Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs by author Hunter S. Thompson, the outlaw motorcycle club had been in existence for almost 20 years before it was published.
Until today, Hell’s Angels probably is the most prominent one-percenter gang with a territory that spans nationwide and roughly 2,500 members to support it.
Hell’s Angels are believed to engage in all sorts of criminal activities, including illegal drug distribution, murder, assault, racketeering, robbery, etc. The United States Department of Justice considers the club an organized crime syndicate.
Antony SOUTER / Alamy Stock Photo
9 /10 Bandidos
Donald Chambers founded Bandidos Motorcycle Club in 1966. Traditionally it is the gang in charge of Texas territory, although active in many other South areas. Members count in the range of 2,500 strong in the United States alone.
Outside the United States, Bandidos is present in more than 20 countries with several hundred chapters. The gang specializes in drug smuggling across the US-Mexico border, and some members have been accused of multiple murders.
The United States Department of Justice and Europol considers Bandidos Motorcycle Club a criminal organization.
Uncleroo / Shutterstock.com
8 /10 Outlaws
The boom of motorcycle clubs in the United States during the postwar years and the economy gave birth to many biker gangs in the country.
Outlaws Motorcycle Club, which brands itself as the original one, had been born in 1935, a decade before WWII ended. The territory covers the eastern and central U.S.
One of its primary sources of income is drug smuggling at the Canadian border. However, the club has a rap sheet that includes murders in at least ten states in the U.S. and several more capital offenses in Belgium and U.K.
7 /10 Pagans
The most secretive of all one-percenter gangs is Pagan’s Motorcycle Club, often referred to as The Pagans.
Founded in 1959 before Hells Angels and Bandidos, no one knows how big The Pagans is. Some estimates suggest that the member’s count is in the range of 1,300 with more than 100 chapters all across the United States. It is mostly active on the East Coast.
In 2018, a clubhouse bust in Rhode Island unveiled a large stash of illegal weapons, including a rocket launcher. The Pagans are part of the “Big Four” and Hells Angels, Bandidos, and Outlaws.
ZUMA Press, Inc. / Alamy Stock Photo
6 /10 Vagos
Despite boasting a public image as a law-abiding motorcycle club, the Vagos is just as bad as biker gangs get. To enhance the good-behavior appearance, sometimes members even handout toys at Christmas. More importantly, they never refer to themselves as gangs.
Behind closed doors, the Vagos is involved in large scale drug smuggling from both sides of the Mexican border. In 2011, members were also involved in the assassination of Hells Angels’ member in Nevada.
More recently, in February 2020, the Vagos Motorcycle Club beat the Federal Government’s RICO charges.
REUTERS / Alamy Stock Photo
5 /10 Mongols
While not as large as the Vagos or having the same widespread influence as Hells Angels, the SoCal-based biker gang known as the Mongols Motorcycle Club is steadily growing more robust; with close ties to the street gangs in the area, the Mongols was able to seize control of SoCal from the Hells Angels in the 1980s.
Today the Mongols have about 2,000 members, and most are Hispanic and Native Americans. The club itself was founded by motorcyclists who were denied entry to Hells Angels because of their race.
4 /10 Sons Of Silence
In the Midwest and South, the Sons of Silence is a relatively small outlaw motorcycle club with just several hundred members.
What they lack in size, they make up for in reputation. Despite the little member’s count, the cruelty is anything but.
They started in Colorado in 1966, then began to carve out more territories in Arizona and Kansas. The club later aligned with Hell’s Angels for protection. Sons of Silence also has a strong presence in Germany.
3 /10 Highwaymen
A one-percenter motorcycle club was known as “Highwaymen” has been a subject of large scale FBI investigations throughout the decades. Several members were convicted of raids and bombings of rivals’ clubhouses in the early 1970s.
It has more than 300 members, with the most extensive presence in the Detroit area but is also active in Tennessee, Ohio, Missouri, Kentucky, Indiana, and Florida.
The “Marlboro Marine” James Blake Miller is a known member of the Highwaymen Motorcycle Club. Many members are veterans who have PTSD.
2 /10 Warlocks
Even the criminal underworld of outlaw motorcycle clubs has its own rules and codes of conduct. Among all one-percenter gangs known to law enforcement, Warlocks seems to be the worst of them all.
Some other clubs see themselves as too respectable and upstanding to be associated with Warlocks.
With a history of indiscriminate killings of police officers and extreme violence, it is no surprise that Warlocks members are sometimes regarded as “low-lives” by rivals. Mostly active in Florida, the gang also has a presence in Canada.
1 /10 Black Pistons
Established in 2002, the Black Pistons is the youngest outlaw motorcycle club on the list. It has more than 400 members with 70 chapters in 20 states, a testament to how quickly it has grown.
One thing that makes Black Pistons different is how it has positioned itself among other biker gangs.
It is the official support club for The Outlaws; when the jobs are so dirty that The Outlaws is too reluctant to get directly involved, Black Pistons showed up. In many cases, members are tasked with dealing drugs and assaulting The Outlaws’ rivals.
Continue Reading
Send this to a friend
|
The Nevado del Ruiz, also known as La Mesa de Herveo, is a glacier-capped volcano located about 80 miles west of Bogota, Colombia. It is part of the Andes mountain range.
On November 13, 1985, the volcano erupted and sent a devastating flood of lahar throughout nearby towns and villages.
The most considerable death toll was in the small town of Armero, located about 30 miles from the volcano. More than 20,000 of its almost 29,000 inhabitants were killed.
The most memorably heartbreaking story in the aftermath of the disaster was Omayra Sánchez, a 13-year-old girl who found herself trapped among the debris of her destroyed home and struggling for 60 hours before her final breath.
Rescue workers attempted to dislodge Sánchez from a deep pool of cold, muddy water with no success. They had appealed – repeatedly – to the government for aid, more specifically a pump and other tools to lower the water level.
Still, authorities said the logistical challenge had been overwhelming enough that the equipment arrived late.
When Omayra Sánchez died at 9:45 a.m. on November 17, she pitched backward in the cold water with only one arm, nose, mouth, and one eye remaining above the surface. Someone then covered her with a tablecloth.
As the public became aware of the girl’s struggle for life through the media, her death became an enduring symbol of the Colombian government’s failures in handling and assisting victims of natural disasters.
10 /10 Eruption
The eruption of Nevado del Ruiz started with black ash columns at 3:00 p.m. Colombian geological department ordered the evacuation of areas within proximity to the volcano.
Red Cross and an emergency committee proceeded with the orders four hours later. Electrical failure due to heavy rain in Armero had prevented local authorities from receiving the emergency message on time.
Residents were informed that the ash column did not pose a danger. Unawareness of the more alarming risk made them reluctant to evacuate.
The volcano exploded that night at 9:09 p.m., sending 35 million metric tons of erupted materials, including magma.
9 /10 Death Toll
A dense, fast-moving flow of solidified lava (pyroclastic flow) melted snow and glaciers. Thick lahars flooded the river valleys located on the volcano’s flanks.
At around 11:30 p.m., a massive water flow swept through Armero and killed more than 21,000 inhabitants, or 75% of the town’s population, because of the lahars. In nearby villages, 1800 more died.
Until the disaster happened, there had been no apparent signs of an imminent eruption. That said, authorities’ failures to take preventive measures further exacerbated the death toll. Locals even called the volcano a “Sleeping Lion” because it had not erupted since 1845.
Wikimedia Commons
8 /10 Trapped
Of all the more than 20,000 victims, the story of Omayra Sánchez is the most strongly associated with the disaster and government failures to respond with the appropriate sense of urgency.
The 13-year-old girl lived in Armero when Nevado del Ruiz erupted in November 1985. Lahar destroyed her house.
She survived the lahar, but the rescue team found her trapped in the debris of her destroyed house.
Once freed from the waist up, divers discovered that her legs were bent under concrete as if she was kneeling. Her aunt’s body was under her feet.
7 /10 The Girl
Omayra Sánchez lived with her parents, brother, and aunt in the neighborhood of Santander.
The family was awake on the night of the disaster. As lahar struck and destroyed the house, she became trapped and could not free herself. After few hours, she managed to get her hand out through a crack in the debris.
Rescuers tried to pull her out, but they then realized that it was impossible without breaking her legs in the process. Each time a person tried to pull her, water pooled around her. Rescue workers kept her afloat by placing a tire around her body.
6 /10 Desperate Help
Not only were Sánchez’s legs trapped by concrete but also entangled in the arms of her dead aunt.
Volunteers, mainly firefighters, and others from nearby communities, tried to dig through the debris and at one point attempted to lift the aunt’s body using a rope. The little girls’ situation was not getting any better.
Her father also died under the rubble, whereas her mother and brother survived. In the desperate moment, the mother asked for prayers for the dead and said that she would live for her son, who had only lost a finger.
Francesco Campo / Shutterstock.com
5 /10 What Could Have Been
Everything is always more accessible in hindsight. First, most deaths could have been prevented had the authorities warned the people of Armero about the risk of volcano eruption.
Had the residents been evacuated on time, the vast majority could have survived the disaster.
Rescue teams also said there was a terrible lack of supplies as essential as stretchers, shovels, cutting tools, etc.
The scientific equipment for volcano monitoring was not appropriate, to begin with, added with the improperly trained prevention personnel, and shockingly government’s inadequacy to make an organized evacuation and emergency plan.
4 /10 Near The End
Sánchez prayed, cried, and appeared to be scared at times, but she remained relatively positive throughout the horrific experience; she asked for sweet food, drank soda, and agreed to be interviewed. She even sang to Germán Santa María Barragán, a renowned journalist from Colombia.
Anybody could see that Sánchez was a brave little girl. As hours and days went by, her condition quickly worsened.
She began hallucinating on the third night, saying something about the math exam and that she didn’t want to be late for school. Near the end, she even asked people to leave her so they could rest.
3 /10 Powerless
Rescue workers who stayed with her were essentially hand-tied; there was nothing they could do to free her.
In the final hours, it was all about trying to offer her as much comfort as she could take. Considering the situation, being comfortable was next to impossible.
Frank Fournier, the French reporter who took the iconic photograph of Sánchez, described that he felt powerless and could only spread the words about the courage, suffering, and dignity of the little girl in his attempt to publicize the disaster’s need for relief efforts.
2 /10 Water Pump Crisis
There was no water pump readily available. For two days, rescue workers searched for it to help drain the water pooling around Sánchez’ body, but authorities said that the closest one still was too far to arrive on time.
Workers returned with a water pump when Sánchez had been trapped for three nights. However, her legs were bent under concrete, so it was impossible to pull her without severing them.
Since there was no appropriate surgical equipment, doctors present at the time agreed that letting her die would be more humane than making her undergo an improper amputation procedure.
1 /10 Death
Omayra Sánchez died at around 10:00 a.m. on November 16, 1985, most likely from gangrene or hypothermia.
Six months after her death, the picture taken by Frank Fournier was published and later earn him the 1985’s World Press Photo of the Year, which subsequently made Sánchez’s face known worldwide.
Today, Omayra Sánchez remains the most potent symbol of the Armero tragedy. The town of Armero itself has been moved few kilometers north and renamed Armero Guayabal. The old Armero is now a ghost town buried in mud.
Continue Reading
Send this to a friend
|
Why do nuclear families often have a higher living standard than extended families?
Asked By: Filippo Matilla | Last Updated: 31st March, 2020
Category: family and relationships divorce
4.7/5 (702 Views . 45 Votes)
Nuclear families often have a higher living standard than extended families who live together because they are a smaller group. So, the extended family's income will be less (at least after when distributed to the needs of every one of the family.)
Click to see full answer
Similarly, it is asked, which is better nuclear or extended family?
Nuclear family gives you freedom but in extended family or joint family responsibilities are there. She can take care of their personal needs in a much better way than she could in a joint family. The family earns, spends and saves money for itself. Parents can invest money for the education of their children.
Secondly, what is nuclear family advantages and disadvantages? While there may not be as many disadvantages as advantages, there are still a few. A nuclear family is more likely to become isolated from their extended family members. They do not get to see their grandparents, aunts and uncles as frequently, making it harder to bond with extended family.
Moreover, what are the reasons for the increase of nuclear families in the present days?
Nuclear family is a growing trend in modern times as it has various advantages such as: Children learn how to be responsible and are able to take on problems on their own. Financial Stability is another reason that promotes nuclear families is able to use their resources better.
What are the importance of extended family?
They encourage a sense of belonging and a strong support system for parents to reinforce various aspects of discipline. Growing up, children typically bond with their immediate family members first, such as parents and siblings. Your extended circle can also provide emotional and physical support if needed.
33 Related Question Answers Found
What is the disadvantages of nuclear family?
Disadvantages (five points): 1) Social strength of the families are degrading. 2) Social gatherings are also becoming rare. 3) If the only earning member of a nuclear family gets injured or becomes sick, it creates a devastating problem.
Is the nuclear family the ideal family?
The nuclear family has been considered by many to be the 'ideal' structure for American families. In the 1950s, Coontz (34) equates the family to a social group sharing a common residence and reproduction.
What are the 4 types of families?
• Extended Family.
• Childless Family.
• Step Family.
• Grandparent Family.
What are traditional family values?
What are the benefits of nuclear family?
There are several advantages of living as a nuclear family. Parents in a nuclear household are more likely to have a higher consistency with raising their children - meaning teaching discipline and appropriate behavior. Children receive consistent messages about behavioral expectations.
Is the nuclear family still the most common?
Most Common Family Types in America. The traditional nuclear household, which is one or two parents and some kids under one roof, is an ideal many strive for. Nuclear is still the most common, but there are millions of households in the United States with a different family structure.
What are the disadvantages of a extended family?
• The family knows all your business.
• Grandparents may interfere when not needed and correct what you are doing.
• There may be too many visitors in the home.
• Lack of privacy and may be disagreements about how to bring up a child.
Is the nuclear family still important?
It is true that families with same-sex couples aren't as common, but they are still very important. Their dynamic is completely different from that of a traditional nuclear family, in many cases, but it can be just as nurturing and supportive.
What are the characteristics of nuclear family?
Characteristics of a Nuclear Family
Nuclear families consist of parents and a child or children all living together. Ideally within a nuclear family there are shared values, responsibilities, unconditional love, healthy attachment patterns, and an environment that supports growth and learning.
How has the nuclear family changed over time?
Family life is changing. Two-parent households are on the decline in the United States as divorce, remarriage and cohabitation are on the rise. And families are smaller now, both due to the growth of single-parent households and the drop in fertility.
Is nuclear family better than joint family?
Both the joint and nuclear families have their own pros and cons. But with the increase in urbanization, nuclear families are taking over the joint family systems. When compared to joint family, nuclear families many a times feel better. They provide a peace and calm environment at home as there are very few quarrels.
Why do they call it the nuclear family?
According to the Oxford English Dictionary the term dates back to 1925 and actually originates from nucleus, which is originally latin and means core. A nuclear family is a family where father, mother and their children live in one household - they flock together like objects around a nucleus (eg. an atom).
What are the reasons for the formation of nuclear families?
Explanation: The family becomes a nuclear family because not all members of a joint family gets job at the same place, due to the increasing competition in the job sector each person is pushed to different places in search of job.
What are the differences between a nuclear family and an extended family?
Murdock in the 1940s. The word nuclear, here, is related to the definition meaning the center of something. An extended family is a social unit that includes parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, adult children, and dependent children.
What is a nuclear family in sociology?
Nuclear family, also called elementary family, in sociology and anthropology, a group of people who are united by ties of partnership and parenthood and consisting of a pair of adults and their socially recognized children. Typically, but not always, the adults in a nuclear family are married.
Are nuclear families a blessing in disguise?
What is separate family?
separate family - it is a family, who have distanced themselves from their parents home and start a new family at a new home , away form the parents home. they may visit weekly parents home for sharing their feelings. We never talk to each other like family members.
|
As you can see from the picture above, the shaded area in the upper right corner is called the root cap. On the left of the image are the roots (or, if you prefer, the “rootlets”). The picture was taken at the plant’s depth of approximately 6 inches. The larger root-cap is the white part on the right of the image. The tissue of the root itself is called the pith.
Walk down the aisles of any grocery store, and you’ll see a whole lot of brown things. The roots of many plants store food for winter, and because they’re underground, it’s important to know how they do that. Our research suggests that some plants do this by capturing nitrogen from the air, while still others store energy-rich food compounds called starch and sugars. In many cases, the same methods of food storage are also used by animals—but while animals store food in their bodies, roots don’t have such a convenient place to put it!
While there are plenty of research papers that have looked at the anatomy and physiology of various plants, there is still a lot of knowledge in the realm of plant nutrition that hasn’t been investigated or published. One of the first posts I ever wrote here at fromhungertohope was a story about using the carbohydrate assimilation techniques of plants to study how they store carbohydrate. This post will provide an update on that research, and hopefully it will inspire others to start exploring the inner workings of their favorite garden plants.
Roots take water and nutrients from the earth like straws. Tiny root hairs protrude from the root, aiding in absorption. Roots assist in anchoring the plant in the soil and preventing it from falling over. Roots may also store food for later use.
Taking this into account, how do roots get food?
Roots. Plants are autotrophic, meaning they produce their own sustenance via photosynthesis. While CO 2 is derived from the atmosphere, plants get the bulk of their water and nutrients from the soil via their roots. Roots also give structural support to the plant.
As a result, the issue becomes: which plants store food in their stems? The stem is also used to hold food and water. Tubers, rhizomes, and corms, as well as the woody stems of trees and shrubs, are examples of food-storing stems. Cacti stems have acquired a significant level of water storage, and allgreen stems are capable of photosynthesis.
People often wonder where food is kept in plant roots.
Roots can store food. Food is stored in the roots of many plants. In temperate regions, perennial plants must store enough food throughout the winter to have the energy to sprout in the spring. Many kinds of roots are packed with nutrients, carbohydrates, and sugars as a result of their food-storage function.
What is the purpose of a plant storing nourishment in its seeds?
When they have excess food, they store it in their seeds, and as the seed develops, it feeds on the plant until the plant can photosynthesise and generate its own food.
Answers to Related Questions
What makes plants grow more quickly?
A good workable soil will give enough water, air, and nutrients to the plant. If your soil is too sandy or too hard, amend it using soil mixes to help the plant develop more quickly. Manure, grass clippings, and compost are all excellent additions.
What is the minimum amount of water that a plant requires?
The soil for most plants should be somewhat wet, approximately 3 to 4 inches deep, as a general rule (7.6 to 10 cm). This is critical since you must ensure that moisture reaches the plant’s roots. Your plant may not be receiving enough water if the soil is not wet below 3 or 4 inches (7.6 to 10 cm).
What is the rooting procedure?
Roots of plants. A plant’s root system is continuously supplying water and dissolved minerals to the stems and leaves. To do this, the roots must expand into new areas of the soil. The process of photosynthesis in the leaves supports the development and metabolism of the plant root system.
What plants are the most water-absorbent?
Shrubs that are thirsty for water
Redosier dogwood (Cornus sericea), hardy in USDA zones 3 through 8, and spice bush (Lindera benzoin), hardy in USDA zones 4 through 9, are two native plants for damp regions.
Is it possible for tree roots to cease growing?
When a tree is cut down, the roots cease to develop. The plant cannot generate food without leaves, and food is what drives root development. The roots, on the other hand, may have enough nourishment remaining in them to generate sprouts from themselves or from the stump’s remnants.
What are root cells, exactly?
Function. The root hairs are responsible for the majority of water absorption. The purpose of root hairs is to gather water and mineral nutrients from the soil and transport them to the rest of the plant through the roots. Because root hair cells do not perform photosynthesis, they lack chloroplasts.
What plants can survive in water?
Now that that’s out of the way, let’s look at the list of air plants that can be cultivated in water:
• The Chinese Evergreen is number one. You’ll need a fresh cut from a grown healthy Chinese Evergreen to cultivate this plant in water.
• English Ivy is number two.
• The Peace Lily is number three.
• Plants of the philodendron genus.
• The Pothos Plant is number five.
• The Spider Plant is number six on the list.
In biology, what is a root?
root. The portion of a plant that grows downward and keeps the plant in place, collects water and nutrients from the soil, and sometimes stores food, according to biology. The major root of a plant is known as the primary root, while additional roots are known as secondary roots. Root hairs enhance the absorbing surface of the root.
Why do certain plants store food in their roots?
Photosynthesis is the process of generating food molecules and absorbing carbon dioxide for the plant. Plants rely on root systems for support in the form of an anchor in the soil. Roots serve as food storage in some plants. They aid in the growth of the plant and carry nourishment.
What exactly is root food?
Root vegetables include yams, beets, turnips, rutabagas, carrots, yuca, kohlrabi, onions, garlic, celery root (or celeriac), horseradish, daikon, turmeric, jicama, Jerusalem artichokes, radishes, and ginger. Root vegetables receive a lot of nutrients from the soil since they grow underground.
Is potato considered a root?
Because it develops in subterranean stems known as stolons, the potato is classified as a stem vegetable. Potato tubers are strong stalks with growing stems and leaves that emerge from the buds. Because roots lack the aforementioned characteristics, the potato is classified as a stem rather as a root.
Where do Auxins come from?
Auxins enhance stem elongation while inhibiting the development of lateral buds (maintains apical dominance). The stem, buds, and root tips all generate them. Indole Acetic Acid is a good example (IA). Auxin is a plant hormone that stimulates cell elongation and is generated in the stem tip.
What are modified roots and how do they work?
Roots that have had their structures altered in order to adapt to their surroundings are known as modified roots. Modified roots come in seven different varieties: The roots of the prop grow from the stem to the ground. They provide additional assistance to the plants. Ficus, maize, mangrove, and pandanus are among examples.
What are the functions of a plant’s roots?
The root is a plant component that is typically underground but may sometimes be found above ground. The purpose of roots is to absorb or take in water and nutrients from the soil. In order to keep the plant in place.
What are plant storage organs?
A storage organ is a modified component of a plant that stores energy (usually in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs are often found underground, where they are more protected from herbivore assault.
What happens to the food that potato plants don’t use?
The leaves’ nourishment is stored in the showy parts of the leaves, root, stem, fruits, and seeds. Many plants store food as starch in their leaves or modified roots, such as potatoes.
What is the location of food storage in the human body?
Insulin does this by converting excess food into glycogen, which are bigger packets of glucose. The liver and muscles store glycogen. Insulin also aids the storage of fat and protein in our bodies. Protein is required for almost all body cells to function and develop.
In a plant, where does food get stored?
To produce glucose, the plant utilizes chlorophyll, sunshine, carbon dioxide (from the atmosphere), and water during photosynthesis. Plants convert some glucose (sugar) to starch, which they store in their leaves, stems, and roots, as well as their flowers, fruits, and seeds.
What is the function of a root?
Fromhungertohope is a blog dedicated to food and cooking with a healthy focus on nutrition. I’ll be posting recipes, tips, photos, videos, and links to other educational resources that will hopefully help you make good food choices. This blog only exists because it was a natural evolution for me to challenge myself to make healthy food choices.. Read more about roots that store food are known as and let us know what you think.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do plants store food in their roots?
Plants store food in their roots by using a process called photosynthesis. This process uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, which are then used for growth and fuel.
What is food storage roots?
Food storage roots are the roots of a plant that is used to store food.
Where is food stored in roots?
Roots store food in their leaves.
Related Tags
This article broadly covered the following related topics:
• plants that store food in their roots
• where is food stored in roots of plants
• plants that store food in their leaves
• do plants store food in their leaves
• food storage roots examples
|
Graig Consulting
Non-violent resistance (NVR)
Non-violent resistance is a form of political and social struggle in which people come together to resist oppression through their physical presence and embodied protest (e.g. occupations, sit-ins, marches and strikes). The concepts have been applied by Haim Omer and others to situations in which parents find themselves dealing with children who show extreme forms of violent, challenging, non-functional and (self-) destructive behaviour.
The most well-known exponents of political and social non-violent resistance are Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King.
The non-violent resistance therapeutic programme was inspired by the work of Haim Omer. Omer applied the approach of social and political non-violent resistance to work with individual families where the parents had lost their presence and their voice in their child’s life. De-escalation, active resistance and the rebuilding of relationships brought about profound changes in how the families functioned, and improved the wellbeing of both parents and children.
In social work and mental health settings the principles of non-violent resistance are applied therapeutically to situations where the natural order in the home has been upset and children and young people are displaying violent and/or oppressive behaviour towards parents and siblings.
Characteristically, parents needing NVR feel that their child is in control, that they are ‘walking on eggshells’. They are extremely distressed and have lost any sense of how to change things. They are often themselves contributing to the escalation and chaos. Because of their shame and fear of how others will perceive them, they are isolated. Often, they have told no one, not even close family, just how bad things are. Those who are working sometimes lose their job because their employer cannot tolerate repeated absences, or they may give up work because they feel so stressed. Parents score highly on depression and anxiety questionnaires and this finding is borne out by our own research.
Our way of using non-violent resistance as a therapeutic group intervention differs from the model used by Omer. Omer and his team see parents for individual coaching sessions. They have psychology trainees who regularly telephone parents and provide ongoing support. We chose instead to develop our intervention as a group programme. We did this for both practical and clinical reasons: we could see more parents if we saw them all together, and we found parents gave one another support and learned from one another every bit as much as they did from us.
Children and young people with behavioural difficulties are hard to help. Often their behaviour seems to be no problem for them at all – except that it gets them into trouble; however, they are generally angry, unhappy, and frustrated with their inability to change things for the better, although they are usually unable to articulate this. Their behaviour is best understood as a communication.
A parenting programme is a structured intervention to improve relationships and behaviour; it can be delivered either to parents in a group or to individuals and their families or to a mixture of both.
Brief overview of NVR and glossary of terms
Concepts and interventions are explained here for the benefit of those new to NVR. This is not an exhaustive list but covers terms which you may encounter in your reading. NVR is a living practice and the NVR community is constantly evolving and changing and developing new practices.
With grateful thanks to Elisabeth Heismann and Dr Julia Jude for the inclusion of this glossary, which we wrote together.
Key concepts in Non-violent Resistance
1 Classic NVR ideas
• Parental presence: A child’s or young person’s sense that their parent is there for them, that the parent is a safe, solid and dependable person who can be relied upon. A child’s sense that their parent knows their whereabouts and cares what they are doing. The child knows what their parent’s values are and what they believe about right and wrong.
• Rebuilding the relationship: When relationships have become characterised by violence and coercion, there are very few opportunities for people to relate more positively. The relationship needs to be rebuilt based on acknowledging the negative, escalatory patterns and committing to learn to adopt connecting ones.
• De-escalation: Parents learn to identify when things are escalating and to step out of the pattern. Two types of escalation tend to occur: one where the escalation ends in violence and another where the parent gives in. Parents often do both. Parents learn to wait until things are calm and respond instead of react using the maxim ‘strike when the iron is cold’.
• Breaking the silence: Parents tell others about the child’s difficult behaviour and how they feel hopeless and helpless about it and need help.
• Supporters: Parents identify individuals who can support them and their child; they are specific about how they want these people to help them resist the young person’s challenging behaviours.
• Reconciliation gestures (or ‘relational gestures’): Parents make regular small gestures of love and kindness towards their child. These are small gifts (items of food, repairs to things that have been broken, special messages, watching the child’s favourite TV programme) which are made irrespective of how the child has behaved and without expecting anything in return or pointing out the act of kindness to the child. Reconciliation gestures are intended to help the parent enact feelings of warmth and love. If the gesture is spurned, parents do not react.
• Active resistance: Parents choose to resist attempts to engage them in escalation. They resist the temptation to have the last word. Or they begin to withdraw services and no longer respond to unreasonable demands (internet access throughout the night, bribing the child to attend school, unlimited taxi and laundry services).
• Announcement: Parents carefully construct an announcement that they will make to their child explaining that they are going to resist the negative behaviour that they want changed in the family, that they love their child and they want things to be better. They commit to a non-violent stance (verbal and physical). There are no threats or warnings. The announcement is short and specific. Parents practise making the announcement until it embodies and resonates with both their love for their child and their stance of resistance.
• Sit-in: If the child repeats the behaviour/s that were addressed in the announcement (for example, punching a sibling), parents will plan a sit-in. They will enter the child’s bedroom and sit down, announcing, in a calm and quiet way, that they are going to wait there until the child can suggest a way of changing things. They offer to assist the child in thinking about ways forward. Then they sit quietly for up to an hour (depending on the age/ability of the child) to demonstrate their love and their commitment to working towards change in a peaceful way.
• Helping siblings and others: By taking time to listen to their experiences and explaining the changes in approach, parents support sibling and others, who have been impacted by the child’s destructive behaviours.
2 Developments in NVR
What follows next is a collection of post NVR ideas. These build upon the original NVR concepts by laying the foundations for alternative evolving practices. Not everyone will use all, or even some, of the ideas listed here.
• Three Baskets (Uri Weinblatt adapted from Ross Greene): Parents prioritise unwanted behaviours by placing them in three differently sized baskets. The large basket contains the largest number of behaviours and is to be ignored; the medium-sized basket is for behaviours to negotiate over; and the small basket is for the one or two behaviours that the parent is going to resist actively. The small basket must not contain more than two things.
• New Authority: The new authority emphasises parents’ self-control and persistence over control of the child, mutual responsibility for escalations over blaming the child as solely responsible for family break-down, resistance over punishment and transparency over secrecy. It is a new paradigm of authoritative parenting that promotes supervision, firmness and discipline replacing distance, power and hierarchy used in traditional authoritarian parenting. The metaphor of the anchoring function of the parent for the child and the importance of social support become central components of a secure parent-child bond.
• Vigilant Care: Vigilant care consists of three stages which can be compared to a traffic-light-system: The ‘open attention’ can be compared to the green light. Parents keep their eyes and ears open, stay vigilant for any warning signals during routine contacts with the child (school runs, meals). In the ‘focussed attention’ (=comparable to the amber traffic light), parents become more vigilant and talk to other people who are closely involved with the child (teachers, friends, grand-parents). In the ‘protective action’ (= comparable to the red light) parents and their supporters take action (announcement, sit-ins, active resistance, increased visual presence, protective actions). Parents regularly shift between these three positions.
• The Four Core Parenting Values (Michael Grabbe):
1. Safety of the child and of others
2. Developing their full potential and abilities in order for them to have a good future
3. Having good relationships
4. Showing respect for themselves, their parents and others
• Graduate Parent Participation: Parents who have completed an NVR programme become actively involved in all aspects of the NVR projects (groups, mentoring, presentations, writing, research) to share their experience with new parents and others. They combine compassion, empathy, containment and support with the hope that others can overcome hopelessness and despair as well, which new parents to the approach can listen to, believe and accept better from them than from professionals
• Fourth basket or rainbow basket (sometimes also called the flower basket): The rainbow basket provides parents with the opportunity to re-connect with their unconditional love for the child by prompting them to recall special memories and forgotten qualities of the child. This enables the child to be viewed more holistically.
• Loss of Parental Presence: Parents are supported to acknowledge fluctuations in their levels of involvement and presence they have in their child’s physical, emotional and social life and how they relate to the development of unacceptable behaviours. By exploring their own experiences, unmet needs and developing an inter- and intra-personal awareness, parents affirm their parental values and become conscious how they communicate them. This enables them to (re-) build their parental presence.
• Connection before Correction: This maxim does not mean making a connection in order to make a correction. It means prioritising connection with the child over correcting the child’s behaviour. We have moved away from focussing on correcting or resisting behaviours towards a relational stance.
|
China has an exceptionally low overall fertility rate. It was 1.2 according to the census of 2010, and 1.05 according to China’s 2016 State Statistical Bureau data as reported by Liang Jianzhang and Huang Wenzheng in a recent Caixin article. Both figures are well below the generally accepted replacement level of 2.1.
The easing of the one-child policy, which was amended in early 2016 to allow all Chinese families to have two children, helped increase the number of births to 17.86 million in 2016, an increase of 7.9 percent from 2015 according to state media reports citing China's National Health and Family Planning Commission. Other data released by China's National Bureau of Statistics recorded a slightly higher figure of 18.46 million births in 2016.
All of China faces demographic issues as a result of sustained low fertility, and the increase in births is far less than what government officials were hoping. However, China is a big country and it is important to remember that its fertility rate also varies between regions, meaning that some areas will encounter the problems that low fertility will inevitably create earlier than others, with serious implications for economic growth and regional stability in those areas.
The Economist recently published this map showing four categories of fertility within China:
It includes:
1. Areas of ultra-low fertility (rates of less than 1). These are three mega-cities, Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin, and three provinces in the north-east, sometimes called Manchuria, where the one-child policy was applied most strictly. They have a total population of 170m.
2. Areas where fertility is between 1 and 1.29. These include provinces on China’s populous coastline, as well as the huge Sichuan basin in western China. They are overwhelmingly Han areas, so had few exceptions to the one-child policy. They were also the places where China’s growth and urbanisation took off quickest after 1980, so have relatively few rural dwellers. This is the largest category, with 600m people.
3. Provinces with fertility rates between 1.3 and 1.49. Many, such as Henan, Hunan and Anhui, are just inland from the coast. They, too, are populous (460m in total) and mostly Han but have fewer city-dwellers: more than half of the populations of Hunan and Anhui is rural. This group also includes several provinces with lots of members of minorities, such as Ningxia, in the north-west, which is a third Muslim.
4. Areas with rates above 1.5, which tend both to be more rural and to have big minority populations, such as Guangxi. These have a total population of 116m.
The main reason for the variance is that the one-child policy was enforced differently in different areas. Ethnic minorities, such as Tibetans or Uighurs (the largest group in the western province of Xinjiang), were never subject to it. Minorities, who account for 8% of the population nationwide, were usually allowed two children in urban areas and three or four in rural ones. In addition, in most rural areas, everyone, including the majority Han group, was allowed two children.
Lower fertility areas tend to have an even bigger excess of boys over girls than is the norm and are ageing more quickly. This affects the regional ability to support these people. However, bigger cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin which have ultra-low fertility are still able to attract young workers, helping combat dependency ratios. As these cities are also rich, they have better hospitals, social services and schools to help cope with their demographic problems.
One of the most affected areas is the north-east. The Economist reports:
The north-east is China’s rust belt, a place of depleted coal mines and decayed steel mills. It has had low fertility for decades, falling below replacement levels as long ago as 1982, much earlier than elsewhere (and before the one-child policy even began). It also implemented the policy especially strictly because it is dominated by state-owned industries which decreed that people who had a second child would lose their jobs. “Who would risk it?” asks a former steel worker. The area’s high wages used to attract migrants from elsewhere in China. But since 2000, when heavy industry ran into trouble, it has suffered a net outflow of over 2m people.
The result is a big problem for the national government. Even now, it is having to bail out some provincial pension funds. But the threat is also philosophical. The Communist Party has long sought to narrow economic differences and erase local political distinctions because it is terrified of regional challenges. It thinks the only way to keep China together is to impose strong central control. If it is right, its failure to deal with demographic problems is setting back that cause.
Over the next 15 years the aging of the Chinese population will only accelerate, increasing pressure on social security and public services. At the same time, the working-age population will shrink, damaging economic growth and reducing the tax income required to support the elderly.
So far, the move to a two-child policy hasn’t helped much. Chinese people growing up nowadays may not know any brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts or cousins and have grown up believing that one child is best after 30 years of propaganda. For instance, freelance writer Li Yue, an only child, commented last year:
Many people have been brainwashed by one-child policy propaganda, including my mom. When I told her I was having a second child, she thought it was unacceptable. She didn't call me or talk to me for a month.
Before my first daughter came into the world, I only planned to have one baby. But when I saw my daughter, the joy, the happiness made me want to have more babies. Now, my mom loves my younger daughter very much. She has moved to our place to help look after her. And she has even started to persuade other people to have a second child.'
This mentality, enforced by the Chinese government for so many years, is now creating big problems for it. It will be hoping more people adopt the mentality of Li Yue.
Shannon Roberts
|
NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan
NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan
What is a three-part nursing diagnosis?
three-part-nursing-diagonosis1The three-part nursing diagnosis is one of the most important aspects of the nursing process. A nursing diagnosis is a statement indicating several different potential problems a patient may face. A nurse will diagnose and treat the symptoms or health problems, and a nursing diagnosis is the groundwork for establishing and carrying out a patient care plan.
So how does a nursing diagnosis differ from a medical diagnosis? A doctor diagnoses a disease or a disorder. A nurse offers a diagnosis for a problem present during the nursing assessment which is caused by the disease or disorder. For example, during the nursing assessment, the nurse could diagnose the patient with poor breathing and a cough. A doctor will diagnose a patient with chronic bronchitis and prescribe medication.
A nursing diagnosis is not simply assessing the patient, which is the first step in the nursing process. A nurse will develop a diagnostic statement based on data collected during the nursing assessment. The assessment process involves physically examining a patient. A nurse will monitor a patient’s symptoms, such as nausea, and measure vital signs such as heart rate, temperature, blood pressure and oxygen levels, among many other things. Nurses must often discuss with patients any non-obvious symptoms they may have, such as pain or vertigo, as well as patient history. This is an important part of collecting the data necessary to develop a diagnosis. It may be necessary to perform a psychological exam or a social exam, depending on what field a nurse works in. NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan.
Developing a three-part nursing diagnosis consists of data analysis, problem identification and the formulation of the nursing diagnosis. There are four different types of nursing diagnosis; actual nursing diagnosis, wellness (or health promotion) nursing diagnosis, risk nursing diagnosis and syndrome diagnosis.
An actual diagnosis identifies a current health problem, such as inadequate airway clearance as evidence by the inability to maintain adequate oxygenation on room air. NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan.
wellness or health promotion diagnosis identifies a patient’s readiness to transition to a higher wellness level, such as readiness for enhanced self-care to increase cardiac output related to increased cardiac output due to pacemaker insertion.
risk diagnosis identifies when a patient could be at risk for additional health problems, such as infection.
syndrome diagnosis determines symptoms based on certain situations, such as post-trauma syndrome or relocation stress syndrome. NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan.
So what’s the point of a nursing diagnosis? Ultimately, a nursing diagnosis increases patient safety and means more effective care. You’ll identify every potential syndrome a patient may have and record all important vital signs. This attention to detail could be the difference between the correct treatment and continued illness or injury.
Once you’ve reached your nursing diagnosis, it’s important to write the diagnosis correctly, as established by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA.) Correctly writing the diagnosis helps ensure consistency across communication lines to other health care professionals. The diagnosis can be structured differently depending on the type of diagnosis it is.
An actual nursing diagnosis is written as the problem/diagnosis related to (r/t) x factor/cause as evidenced by data/observations.
A risk nursing diagnosis is written as problem/diagnosis related to (r/t) x factor/cause.
A syndrome nursing diagnosis is written as problem/diagnosis related to (r/t) x factor/cause.
A wellness nursing diagnosis is written as readiness to/for action.
Nursing is an evidence-based practice, and no aspect more so than the three-part nursing diagnosis. Your diagnosis as a nurse can save patients a lot of pain and trouble. NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan.
The NANDA-I system of nursing diagnosis provides for four categories.
1. Actual diagnosis
A clinical judgment about human experience/responses to health conditions/life processes that exist in an individual, family, or community. An example of an actual nursing diagnosis is: Sleep deprivation.
2. Risk diagnosis
Describes human responses to health conditions/life processes that may develop in a vulnerable individual/family/community. It is supported by risk factors that contribute to increased vulnerability. An example of a risk diagnosis is: Risk for shock.
3. Health promotion diagnosis
A clinical judgment about a person’s, family’s or community’s motivation and desire to increase wellbeing and actualise human health potential as expressed in the readiness to enhance specific health behaviours, and can be used in any health state. An example of a health promotion diagnosis is: Readiness for enhanced nutrition. NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan.
4. Syndrome diagnosis
A clinical judgment describing a specific cluster of nursing diagnoses that occur together, and are best addressed together and through similar interventions. An example of a syndrome diagnosis is: Relocation stress syndrome. NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan.
NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan Process
The diagnositic process requires a nurse to use critical thinking. In addition to knowing the nursing diagnoses and their definitions, the nurse becomes aware of defining characteristics and behaviors of the diagnoses, related factors to the diagnoses, and the interventions suited for treating the diagnoses.
1. Assessment
The first step of the nursing process is assessment. During this phase, the nurse gathers information about a patients psychological, physiological, sociological, and spiritual status. This data can be collected in a variety of ways. Generally, nurses will conduct a patient interview. Physical examinations, referencing a patient’s health history, obtaining a patient’s family history, and general observation can also be used to gather assessment data. Patient interaction is generally the heaviest during this evaluative stage. NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan.
2. Diagnosis
The diagnosing phase involves a nurse making an educated judgement about a potential or actual health problem with a patient. Multiple diagnoses are sometimes made for a single patient. These assessments not only include a description of the problem or illness (e.g. sleep deprivation) but also whether or not a patient is at risk of developing further problems. These diagnoses are also used to determine a patient’s readiness for health improvement and whether or not they may have developed a syndrome. The diagnoses phase is a critical step as it is used to determine the course of treatment.
3. Planning
Once a patient and nurse agree of the diagnoses, a plan of action can be developed. If multiple diagnoses need to be addressed, the head nurse will prioritise each assessment and devote attention to severe symptoms and high risk patients. Each problem is assigned a clear, measurable goal for the expected beneficial outcome. For this phase, nurses generally refer to the evidence-based Nursing Outcome Classification, which is a set of standardised terms and measurements for tracking patient wellness. The Nursing Interventions Classification may also be used as a resource for planning. NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan.
4. Implementation
The implementing phase is where the nurse follows through on the decided plan of action. This plan is specific to each patient and focuses on achievable outcomes. Actions involved in a nursing care plan include monitoring the patient for signs of change or improvement, directly caring for the patient or performing necessary medical tasks, educating and instructing the patient about further health management, and referring or contacting the patient for a follow-up. Implementation can take place over the course of hours, days, weeks, or even months.
5. Evaluation
Once all nursing intervention actions have taken place, the nurse completes an evaluation to determine if the goals for patient wellness have been met. The possible patient outcomes are generally described under three terms: patient;s condition improved, patient’s condition stabilised, and patient’s condition deteriorated. In the event where the condition of the patient has shown no improvement, or if the wellness goals were not met, the nursing process begins again from the first step. NANDA nursing diagnosis essay/ care plan.
start Whatsapp chat
chat us now
|
animal hormones and their functions pdf
Animal Hormones And Their Functions Pdf
File Name: animal hormones and their functions .zip
Size: 1491Kb
Published: 28.11.2020
Donate now on our JustGiving page.
The lax definition of a hormone as a signalling molecule that acts distant from its site of production means that many different classes of molecule can be defined as hormones. Among the substances that can be considered hormones, are eicosanoids e. Hormones are used to communicate between organs and tissues. In vertebrates , hormones are responsible for the regulation of many physiological processes and behavioral activities such as digestion , metabolism , respiration , sensory perception , sleep , excretion , lactation , stress induction, growth and development , movement , reproduction , and mood manipulation. Hormones affect distant cells by binding to specific receptor proteins in the target cell, resulting in a change in cell function.
Endocrine gland
Endocrine glands are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones , directly into the blood. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland , pituitary gland , pancreas , ovaries , testes , thyroid gland , parathyroid gland , hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary glands are neuroendocrine organs. The pituitary gland hangs from the base of the brain by the pituitary stalk , and is enclosed by bone. It consists of a hormone-producing glandular portion of the anterior pituitary and a neural portion of the posterior pituitary , which is an extension of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus regulates the hormonal output of the anterior pituitary and creates two hormones that it exports to the posterior pituitary for storage and later release. Four of the six anterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine organs.
Hormone , organic substance secreted by plants and animals that functions in the regulation of physiological activities and in maintaining homeostasis. Hormones carry out their functions by evoking responses from specific organs or tissues that are adapted to react to minute quantities of them. The classical view of hormones is that they are transmitted to their targets in the bloodstream after discharge from the glands that secrete them. This mode of discharge directly into the bloodstream is called endocrine secretion. The meaning of the term hormone has been extended beyond the original definition of a blood -borne secretion, however, to include similar regulatory substances that are distributed by diffusion across cell membranes instead of by a blood system. Hormonal regulation is closely related to that exerted by the nervous system , and the two processes have generally been distinguished by the rate at which each causes effects, the duration of these effects, and their extent; i. Advances in knowledge, however, have modified these distinctions.
List of important hormones and their functions
Hormones are secreted in the body by several glands that are essential for the growth, development, reproduction, etc. They are secreted by special tissues in our body through endocrine glands. Different hormones have different effects on the shape of the body. Some of these hormones work quickly to start or stop a process and some will continually work over a long period of time to perform their functions. They help in body growth, development, metabolism, sexual function, reproduction etc.
The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs located throughout the body. However, while the nervous system uses nerve impulses and neurotransmitters for communication, the endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones. Keep reading to discover more about the endocrine system, what it does, and the hormones it produces. The endocrine system is responsible for regulating a range of bodily functions through the release of hormones. Hormones are secreted by the glands of the endocrine system, traveling through the bloodstream to various organs and tissues in the body. The hormones then tell these organs and tissues what to do or how to function.
PDF | On Jun 1, , Giulia Guerriero published Hormones in animal levels of esr2 to values not significantly different from winter stasis for.
Major Hormones and Functions
The information below was adapted from OpenStax Biology Unlike plant hormones, animal hormones are often though not always produced in specialized hormone-synthesizing glands shown below. The hormones are then secreted from the glands into the blood stream, where they are transported throughout the body. There are many glands and hormones in different animal species, and we will focus on just a small collection of them. Locations of endocrine glands in the human body.
Your hormones
Он солгал. Бринкерхофф не знал, что на это ответить. - Ты утверждаешь, что Стратмор намеренно запустил в ТРАНСТЕКСТ вирус.
endocrine system.» minutes and hours. Neuro-endocrine Response. Manipulation of the Endocrine System. • Hormones can be used to regulate body functions.
American english slang dictionary pdf developing person through the lifespan 8th edition pdf
Michael M.
Gone with the wind pdf the perks of being a wallflower free pdf online
Sandheep F.
Hormone Functions – Various Hormones And Their Functions. Here is a list of different Hormones, along with their functions and their respective glands.
Chuck A.
Computer artwork of a person's head showing the left hemisphere of the brain inside.
Leave a comment
it’s easy to post a comment
|
The 2 micron plasmid (green), like chromosomes (top), uses cohesin (orange) to segregate evenly.
The 2 micron plasmid persists at an optimal copy number of 60 per cell by replicating in conjunction with the host chromosomes only once per cell cycle. This limited replication requires a high fidelity system to divide plasmids evenly between daughter cells. Results from Mehta et al. on page 625 suggest that the plasmid accomplishes this by recruiting a cellular factor used for chromosomal separation.
The authors first noticed that mutations that disturb chromosome segregation similarly affect plasmid segregation, so they examined whether proteins involved in sister chromatid pairing also function during plasmid partitioning. They found that a cohesin subunit, Mcd1, was recruited by plasmid proteins Rep1p and Rep2p to a plasmid sequence, STB. STB does not resemble chromosomal cohesin-binding sequences, and cohesin abnormally expressed during G1 was found on STB but not chromosomes. Thus, the plasmid has independently evolved the ability to recruit cohesin.
A noncleavable form of cohesin blocked segregation of the plasmids, suggesting that cohesin is used to ensure even partitioning of the plasmids. However, it is also possible that the effect is due to association of the plasmids with missegregating chromosomes, as the Rep proteins were seen in association with chromosomes. Mutations that perturb the ability of plasmids, but not chromosomes, to recruit cohesin should clarify these possibilities. ▪
|
Metals recycling is one of the oldest industries in the United States that now employs over 530,000 individuals. It has always played a significant role in the economy, contributing $109.78 billion to the US economy in 2018. Furthermore, recycling supplies extensive goods and services, the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI) reported that every year greater than 900M Mt of scrap (~2 billion pounds) are consumed by manufactures globally, equating to 40% of the raw material demand. Additionally, as climate change becomes a greater threat, we must seek practices to lessen our carbon footprint, and recycling helps to reduce the environmental impact of metal production. Relying on this industry as an alternative to make-take-waste habits means understanding how the industry’s efficiency is being challenged by growing feed volumes of diverse, complex product designs. This work details the internal and external factors that impact the development of ferrous and nonferrous recycling operations. This knowledge is then applied to design and perform an extensive “true to yard” analysis with technologies that have potential for addressing inbound inspection and material identification challenges. These results allowed us to understand the limitations that would arise when attempting their deployment at material handling facilities, and then use these factors to build a model capable of quantifying and comparing these techniques, which is not available in previous literature. Inbound inspection and material identification are critical; they are the first opportunity once material is received to prevent comingling, downcycling, and contamination. Scrap yards identify and sort specific alloys from large quantities of mixed metals by means of visual and cognitive recognition with the aid of a few standard tools (a magnet, file, acids, and/or grinding wheel). This work tested handheld analyzers (HHs) that utilize x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology to determine the level of technological assistance they can provide to improving identification during the inspection process. Beforehand, we had a good indication of how HHs perform on material that has clean, smooth, uncoated surfaces (prompt scrap) but, what we aim to find is their response when used on “unprepared materials,” like those coming out of stock that are old, used, weathered, and/or warped (obsolete scrap). For these instruments to be deemed useful for inbound inspection/ identification purposes, it is crucial to understand and evaluate their limitations on scrap that is not altered and thus, true to a yard setting. Results indicate that in their current state, HHs can inform and verify content for a significant range of materials. They also show grade matching (identification of an alloy by name) is possible but less likely on unprepared scrap. However, the ability to register and share elemental composition percentages at rapid speeds, allows a trained user to know immediately what contaminants are present, often being high levels of Si and Fe. In addition to understanding how these technologies perform under real world conditions, it is also important to quantify whether their benefits outweigh their costs. This work examined five different scenarios for sorting and identification, each scenario offering different levels of alloy-specific sorting capabilities. The model that was created allowed for return on investment (ROI) comparisons, and evaluated the impacts of different market conditions, changes in volume, volume distribution, and uncertainty. This technoeconomic assessment showed that even a high amount of comingled material can be profitable at high volumes under certain market conditions. Although, comingling led to diminished profits, where segregating proved beneficial even at lower volumes. As we continue to invest, educate, and execute sustainable practices, we must understand that recycling should only come as an attempt after we have exhausted our efforts to reduce and reuse. Moreover, we can work to obtain a better balance along the supply chain by encouraging and creating more practices like design for recycling (DfR) and extended producer responsibility. Being that these behaviors will require a lot of societal reform, we need to ensure that we work to reduce landfill feed by providing the recycling industry with the tools and practices that are effective and efficient at getting materials identified and sorted.
Publication Date
Document Type
Student Type
Degree Name
Sustainability (Ph.D.)
Department, Program, or Center
Sustainability (GIS)
Thomas Trabold
Advisor/Committee Member
Sandra Rothenberg
Advisor/Committee Member
Gabrielle Gaustad
RIT – Main Campus
|
Meaning of O in English
/oh/ , interj., n., pl. O's .
1. (used before a name in direct address, esp. in solemn or poetic language, to lend earnestness to an appeal): Hear, O Israel!
2. (used as an expression of surprise, pain, annoyance, longing, gladness, etc.)
3. the exclamation "O."
[ 1125-75; ME o ]
1. Old.
2. Gram. object.
1. the fifteenth in order or in a series.
2. the Arabic cipher; zero.
3. ( sometimes l.c. ) the medieval Roman numeral for 11. Cf. Roman numerals .
4. Physiol. a major blood group, usually enabling a person whose blood is of this type to donate blood to persons of group O, A, B, or AB and to receive blood from persons of group O. Cf. ABO system .
5. Chem. oxygen.
6. Logic. See particular negative .
|
What does it mean when you have blood in your breast milk?
Blood in your breast milk can also be caused by rusty pipe syndrome, or vascular engorgement. This results from an increase in blood flow to the breasts shortly after giving birth. Your first milk or colostrum may have a rusty, orange, or pinkish color. There is no specific treatment for vascular engorgement.
Will blood in breastmilk affect baby?
Is it normal for your breast to bleed while breastfeeding?
Sore, cracked or bleeding nipples are common. Some mothers have such trouble with them that they stop breastfeeding early. As a new mother, you may find it could take a few days or weeks to adapt to the strong suck of a healthy baby on your breasts.
IT IS INTERESTING: Is it normal for a 3 month old to put hands in mouth?
What does it mean if your breast leaks blood?
Blood coming from the nipple can be symptomatic of benign (noncancerous) breast disorders such as breast tissue infection or a growth in the milk ducts. Bloody nipple discharge also can be a sign of breast cancer. Women who are breastfeeding may experience cracked nipples that can produce blood.
How do you know if your breast milk is infected?
1. Breast tenderness or warmth to the touch.
2. Breast swelling.
3. Thickening of breast tissue, or a breast lump.
4. Pain or a burning sensation continuously or while breast-feeding.
5. Skin redness, often in a wedge-shaped pattern.
6. Generally feeling ill.
7. Fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or greater.
What does blood in baby vomit look like?
Blood in baby vomit
How does breast milk make blood?
Prolactin causes your alveoli to take nutrients (proteins, sugars) from your blood supply and turn them into breast milk. Oxytocin causes the cells around the alveoli to contract and eject your milk down the milk ducts. This passing of the milk down the ducts is called the “let-down” (milk ejection) reflex.
What to do when nipples bleed while breastfeeding?
What should I do if my nipples crack or bleed?
1. Check your baby’s latch. …
2. Try different nursing positions. …
3. Nurse on the less injured side first, if you have one. …
4. Briefly apply a cold pack to numb the injured nipple area before nursing. …
5. Breastfeed frequently. …
6. Pump before nursing. …
7. Limit the duration of breastfeeding.
IT IS INTERESTING: Best answer: Why do diapers expire?
Should I continue to breastfeed with cracked nipples?
If your nipples are cracked or bleeding, it’s okay to continue breastfeeding your baby. To help relieve your discomfort, use the care tips given above. Call your doctor or a lactation consultant if you find it too painful to breastfeed or if you’ve tried home treatment for 24 hours and it doesn’t help.
How long does it take for bleeding nipples to heal?
Most nipple pain should improve in seven days to 10 days, even without treatment. As long as you address the underlying cause, you and your baby will soon be able to enjoy breastfeeding again.
Is it normal to squeeze your breast and clear liquid comes out?
One or both breasts may produce a nipple discharge, either spontaneously or when you squeeze your nipples or breasts. Nipple discharge may look milky, clear, yellow, green, brown or bloody. Discharge that isn’t milk comes out of your nipple through the same ducts that carry milk.
Why are my nipples leaking clear liquid?
A duct papilloma is a growth within a milk duct in the breast, usually near the nipple. It may cause no symptoms, or it may cause a nipple discharge that is clear or blood-stained. It usually comes from a single duct and is from one breast only (unilateral).
Why do my breast leak if I’m not pregnant?
Reasons for lactating when not recently pregnant can range from hormone imbalances to medication side effects to other health conditions. The most common cause of breast milk production is an elevation of a hormone produced in the brain called prolactin.
IT IS INTERESTING: What fruit can babies eat at 11 months?
Why are you not supposed to shake breast milk?
Should I swirl or shake breast milk? Breast milk will separate because it is not homogenized, meaning the cream will rise to the top. Before feeding, gently swirl the container to mix the cream back through. Do not shake vigorously however as this breaks up the proteins which are so vital for baby’s gut lining.
Can an infection affect breast milk production?
Infectious organisms can reach the breast milk either by secretion in the fluid or cellular components of breast milk or by contamination of the milk at the time of or after expression. A reasonable mechanism of infection via breast milk should be evident and proved through either animal or human studies.
How do I prevent my nipples from getting infected while breastfeeding?
Preventing Mastitis
1. Breastfeed regularly. …
2. If you know you have to wait more than 4 hours to breastfeed your baby, arrange a time and place to pump or express your breast milk. …
3. Align your baby straight for breastfeeding. …
4. Alternate which breast you offer first at each feeding.
Your midwife
|
Quick Answer: What is the proper way to sew on a button?
How do you tie off a button?
Probably the easiest knot to tie off is a simple overhand loop tied with the needle still attached. Pin the thread down right against the back of the fabric, under the button, then make a little circle in the thread just beyond your fingertip and pass the needle through the circle.
How do you sew a button on one hole?
Just follow these steps:
1. Double your thread and tie a knot at the ends. …
2. Position your button in line with the button hole.
3. Push your needle and thread through the underside of the fabric until it stops at the knot.
4. Pass the needle through one button hole and then the other.
How do you sew a 4 hole button?
How to sew a four hole button
1. Secure the thread and bring the needle to the surface at the position of the button and bring it through the button from the back.
2. Take the needle down through the other hole and through the fabric, leaving a small gap between the button and the fabric.
IT IS INTERESTING: Why won't my sewing machine go up and down?
What is a 2 hole button?
2 Hole. Flat buttons that have 2 small holes in the center to sew through. The holes are typically lined up parallel to the edge that it is fastening.
Can you use a sewing machine to sew on a button?
Yes, you can sew buttons on with a sewing machine. … Any sewing machine with a zig-zag stitch partnered with a button sew-on foot can have a button back in place within minutes. Sewing machine companies have had feet to sew on buttons going back to when a sewing machine could first sew a zig-zag stitch.
How long does it take to sew a button up shirt?
A button up (with collar and cuffs) will take about 2 hours to cut. And another 2+ hours to sew. This time frame does not include time to press the pieces, or adding any stiff facings to the cuff and collar.
How many yards of fabric do I need for a button up shirt?
Estimating Fabric Yardage Needs for Common Misses Garments
Garment Fabric Width 35-36 inches Fabric Width 58-60 inches
Skirt, softly gathered 2-1/4 yards 1-3/8 yards
Shirt/blouse, short sleeves 2 yards 1-1/4 yards
Shirt/blouse, long sleeves 2-1/2 yards 1-5/8 yards
Blouse, long sleeves with tie 3-3/4 yards 2-1/4 yards
What does a shank button look like?
Shank buttons (also known as shank back buttons) aren’t flat. And they don’t have holes on their surface. Instead shank buttons have a protrusion on the back (a “hidden” hole), through which thread is sewn in order to attach the button onto fabric. Shank buttons can be made from a number of different materials.
IT IS INTERESTING: How many strands do I use for cross stitch?
How do you use a shank button?
1. Thread the Needle. Use a needle that’s appropriate for the fabric you’re working with (a lighter needle for finer fabrics and a heavier one for thicker fabrics). …
2. Tie a Knot. …
3. Mark Your Spot. …
4. Thread Through the Top Layer. …
5. Pull Tight. …
6. Thread Through the Shank. …
7. Thread Through the Fabric. …
8. Pull the Threads in Tight.
What is a button hole called?
Buttonholes are reinforced holes in fabric that buttons pass through, allowing one piece of fabric to be secured to another. … Buttonholes can also refer to flowers worn in the lapel buttonhole of a coat or jacket, which are referred to simply as “buttonholes” or boutonnières.
How long does it take to sew on a button?
How long does it take to sew on a button? 2 minutes to attach the button! 15 minutes to thread the needle!
|
Are you thinking of building an electricity generator in New Zealand? A windfarm, a solar farm, a geothermal station, or a biogas turbine perhaps? Is it large or small?
Whatever it is, you probably want to know that it is a ‘viable’ proposition, or not, as the case may be.
You might build a generator for a variety of reasons, but when we talk of being viable, we usually mean that it's viable in the financial sense, which is to say that it will provide positive cash flows over its useful lifetime, and a positive return on the investment required to build it in the first place.
One way of looking at the question of viability, is the electricity price that your generator would need to receive over its lifetime so that it makes an adequate return on investment, i.e. your target return on investment.
This is what the Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) tells you. By definition, the LCOE of a generation plant is the constant average annual electricity price attained by the plant over its lifetime that just achieves target return on investment after covering all fixed and variable cash costs.
For example, suppose you were looking to build a windfarm with a 25-year lifetime, and you worked out that it needed an average annual price, when generating, in every year, of $100/MWh (the same as 10 c/kWh) to pay down debt, pay interest, pay all other variable and fixed costs, and make a profit each year which just achieves your target rate. Then $100/MWh would be its LCOE.
The LCOE is, by definition, a constant value, so it doesn’t increase over time with inflation.
Once you have the LCOE, you can compare it to the price you expect to receive if you are selling the project’s generation output to another party, or the cost that you will avoid if your project reduces the amount of electricity you expect to purchase in future, e.g. if you are a large electricity consumer putting solar panels on a large warehouse roof.
If the LCOE is equal to or higher than your estimate of the received or avoided price, then you might decide to investigate the project in more detail.
For example, suppose your LCOE is $70/MWh and you expect to receive an average price of $72/MWh by selling the project’s output into the electricity spot market, or under a “power purchase agreement” with a single buyer, then you might decide to investigate further.
Or if your project is on-site, and reduces your electricity consumption, and it reduces your electricity cost by $100 for every MWh that you don’t have to buy from an electricity retailer, you might also decide to investigate further.
Where do you get the expected prices from? That is a very good question, and you should contact Energy Link to find out more.
A word of caution: don’t compare your LCOE directly to prices you might be able to access on the internet. For example, you can go to the ASX and look up the price of electricity futures contracts pertaining to the North and South islands, but these are for very specific locations, and they are also the prices received by generators that produce the same output power in every hour across the year. The prices don’t relate directly to a windfarm or a solar farm, for example, located elsewhere. Confused? Contact us at Energy Link and we can explain in more detail.
The LCOE Calculator makes calculating your project’s LCOE easy – just follow the steps. But you will need to know some basic information about your project.
The LCOE Calculator has Calculator tips for each input that it requires. You can jump straight to the LCOE Calculator here or read on to learn about the information you will need so that you can use the Calculator, and a brief overview of how the LCOE is calculated.
The Legal Stuff - Contact Details, Status and Disclaimer
The LCOE will be emailed to you, including your inputs, so we need a name for your generation project and your email address. After working through the Calculator once, clicking on the SUBMIT button on the last page of the Calculator (page 5), you will be sent an email. You can then go BACK and change inputs: every time you change the inputs and go through to SUBMIT, you will get another email with the updated LCOE.
By supplying us with your email address, you agree to allowing us to keep your email address and project details on our records, and to allow us to contact you for the purposes of marketing. We won’t send you many emails, but we will most likely follow up to see if we can provide you with any further assistance.
We will not use the data that you input, or the LCOEs that we send you, for any purpose other than follow-up marketing, and we will keep your data confidential.
You also agree that you use the LCOE Calculator at your own risk, and that Energy Link does not warrant its accuracy, and shall have no liability whatsoever for the use you make of the LCOE(s) that you receive from us. In any case, the LCOE is a guide only, and we recommend that you undertake additional investigations before making any decision to commit to a project.
The LCOE Calculator is currently a PROTOTYPE. If we have sufficient interest, we will add additional features and make it more accurate. In the meantime, we will be running spot checks on the LCOEs you receive, and will advise you by email if we find any errors in the LCOEs calculated using your inputs. We will not, however, be checking your inputs.
Generation Type
Each type of generation has its own unique characteristics, so we need to know what type it is, be it solar. wind, geothermal, thermal (gas, coal or wood-fired), or some other type. As an example, the output of a solar farm falls (degrades) by a small percentage each year, whereas this does not typically occur with other types of generation.
Construction Details
The construction start and end date allows the LCOE Calculator to calculate the time that the construction will take to complete. However, the calculator currently assumes it takes one year to construct, regardless of the period you enter here.
Interest and principal repayments on any debt raised for the project are assumed to be repaid starting at the end of the last year of construction.
The capacity and capacity factor of the project are used to calculate the annual output in MWh. The capacity factor is the ratio of the output of the project to the theoretical maximum output. For example, a windfarm of 100 MW might have an expected capacity factor of 40%, which means that on average it will produce 40 MW over each year it operates, although it will produce more in some years and less in some years.
The construction cost is a key input because your project aims to recover this amount over its lifetime, along with other operating costs, plus a return on your investment. Make sure you include all construction costs, including any costs incurred to connect to the grid.
The expected operating life is the period, in years, over which you expect your windfarm to operate, with allowances for normal maintenance, before it has to be substantially rebuilt or dismantled.
Financial Details
It can make a lot of difference to the LCOE how your project is financed. For example, if all other things are equal, then a project financed with a lot of debt at current low interest rates, will almost certainly have a lower LCOE than a project financed solely with your own money (equity), on which you probably want a higher return than what you’ll get at the bank or in bonds.
The percentage of project as debt refers to the percentage of the construction cost that will be funded by debt. The LCOE Calculator assumes that the rest of the funding comes from your own equity.
The cost of debt is the interest rate that you expect to pay on the debt. In actuality, this could change over time, for example if you have to refinance after a few years, so you should enter a value that you think you can achieve through to when you pay back most of the debt’s principal amount.
The principal repayment over is the number of years over which you expect to pay back the debt principal (the term of the loan).
The percentage of debt sets the percentage of your own equity that will go into the project, but the Calculator needs to know the return you are targeting on your equity, after paying tax, called the post-tax cost of equity, entered as a percentage per annum. The cost of equity is a key variable as it is used as the discount rate in the financial model behind the LCOE Calculator.
The tax rate has a default value of 28% which is the company tax rate in New Zealand. The LCOE Calculator assumes that if the project makes a loss in any given year, then this reduces the profit the wider enterprise makes, but does not turn the enterprise profit into a loss. In reality, a loss in your project could turn the enterprise’s profit into a loss, in which case your enterprise would not pay any tax, and the loss would be set off against profits in future years (assuming the enterprise qualifies under the IRD’s rules). However, the LCOE Calculator does not have the ability to carry losses made in one year over into a future year.
To help calculate the profit on the project, and hence the cash tax that must be paid each year, the LCOE calculates depreciation, which is an accounting allocation of the cost of the project as an expense over the life of the project. By default, the LCOE Calculator depreciates the construction cost using a constant amount each year (known as ‘straight line’ diminishing depreciation), equal to the construction cost divided by the life of the project that you enter, e.g. a 20 year lifetime would be depreciated at 5% per year. But you can also select diminishing value depreciation which calculates the annual depreciation expense using a constant percentage of the undepreciated amount.
The IRD has tables of depreciation rates for generation equipment. For example, ‘Solar power harnessing equipment’ can be depreciated using the straight line method at the rate of 10.5% per annum, or 16% on a diminishing value basis. The equivalent values for ‘Wind turbine generators’ are 13.5% and 20% per annum, respectively. For straight line depreciation, as noted above, the LCOE Calculator depreciates the project in equal increments over its lifetime.
Operating Details
Your project will require some maintenance to keep it operating at or near its design output, and you could have other costs such as land rentals, insurance, and you need to include the cost of connecting to the grid. The fixed operations and maintenance cost is a fixed annual amount, independent of how much your project actually generates, which you can also choose to inflate on an annual basis using the fixed OM inflation slider.
On the other hand, the variable operations and maintenance cost is proportional to the amount that your project generates, so it must be expressed in $/MWh (where $10/MWh is the same as 1 c/kWh).
Also on this page is where you can enter the annual plant degradation, e.g. for high quality solar panels this might average 0.5% or less per year, which is expressed as the percentage of the installed capacity, in MW, that is lost each year.
Additional One-off Maintenance Payments
Your project has on-going operating and maintenance costs, but you may also expect to spend larger amounts along the way to keep the project operating at its design capacity. For example, a solar farm might need to have its inverters replaced after 10 or 12 years. Or your generator might need scheduled overhauls at intervals that are measured in years, e.g. every five years, or halfway through the life of the plant.
Enter these additional one-off maintenance payments by entering the month and year, along with the amount that you expect to spend at that time in the future. You can add as many of these as you think you need.
NZECS Certified Generation
Renewable energy certificates are new to New Zealand, but they are offered by Certified Energy, and the LCOE Calculator allows you enter the details of your certificates and includes the certificate revenue in the LCOE calculations.
Enter the sale price per certificate in $/MWh and the percentage of the project that you think will be covered by certificates. The Calculator shows you the revenue that you will receive each year from the sale of the certificates.
The certificates come at a cost, so your sale price should be net of the cost of the certificates, and the revenue will then be net revenue.
Thermal Generation
New Zealand has committed to reducing net greenhouse emissions to zero by 2050, so it is unlike that new fossil-fuelled generators will be built in this country. However, if you want to work out the LCOE for this type of generation, you can select the ‘Thermal’ generation type, with inputs for fuel and carbon costs.
Terminal Value
At the end of a project’s life, it may have some residual value, known as terminal value. This is what you might be able to sell it for, or maybe you could dismantle it and sell parts. We follow the usual LCOE assumption that the terminal value exactly equals the cost of dismantling it and making good the site.
Go to the LCOE Calculator now.
|
Section: How did the Nazis rise to power?
Weimar Culture – The Holocaust Explained: Designed for schools
Weimar Culture
Across 1920s Europe, cultural tradition was challenged and social values were relaxed. Berlin became a hub of experimentation. Whilst not as experimental, the villages, towns and other cities across Germany also underwent a new phase of culture. When the Weimar Republic had been created, the government had declared that would not take place. Whilst, somewhat … Continue reading Weimar Culture
|
Dr. Bentley
In 1966 Dr. John Irving Bentley a well respected and loved physician, was consumed by fire in the bathroom of his home. The only damage to the house was a 30" by 48" hole in the bathroom floor over the basement. This case got national attention and was on several TV shows and books about Spontaneous Human Combustion. Spontaneous Human Combustion is (what some people think) is the ability for the human body to burst out in flames with no external help.
Critics do not agree. The human body is mostly water, but it is possible if the fire is hot enough for body fat to act like a candle and help keep the fire going.
Most people think his death was not Spontaneous Human Combustion, but just an unfortunate accident. The elderly ninety-year-old doctor smoked a pipe and kept wooden matches in the pockets of his robe. He probably accidentally set his clothes on fire and made his way to the bathroom where he fell to the floor. His burning clothing could have ignited the flammable linoleum and under that was hardwood flooring and wooden beams, which was commonly used in construction in those days. The "chimney effect", cool air drawn from the basement, could have kept the fire burning hotly.
Return to the Coudersport Page
|
Brazil's Indigenous and Uncontacted People
Brazil's Indigenous and Uncontacted People
When the first Europeans arrived many of the Native Americans were semi-nomadic tribes who survived by hunting, fishing and migrant farming. The Portuguese explorers were stunned by the hundreds of thousands of natives living and thriving along the wide coastline with an overwhelming abundance of natural riches. In the beginning the Portuguese perceived the natives as noble savages living in harmony with the natural world. In their mutual feelings of wonder and friendship interbreeding began immediately producing a new mixed-race generation.
The Portuguese thought that they should civilize the natives because they claimed there was war between tribes, and that the natives practiced cannibalism. Mainly they wanted to harvest the extremely profuse Brazilwood growing along the rivers and coast. In Europe Brazilwood was hard to acquire. It was highly treasured during the Renaissance for its powder which was used as a red dye for lavish fabrics like velvet.
Regrettably, like the Spanish explorers to the north, the Portuguese brought their diseases with them to the new world. The natives had no immunities to the tuberculosis, influenza, measles and smallpox which killed tens of thousands quickly. The diseases spread along their trade routes and whole tribes were obliterated without ever having direct contact with the Europeans.
Like the Spanish colonies, the Portuguese determined to plant sugar cane in Brazil and enslave the indigenous people for the labor. The natives proved to be difficult to capture, while those that were captured soon succumbed to the diseases brought by their captors for which they had no immunity. Since the Portuguese already dominated the African slave trade they used African slaves for the cane field labor.
In 1570 King Sebastian I ordered the release of the captive indigenous people of Brazil and commanded that they not be used as slaves, but slavery was not abolished until 1755. Jesuit priests came to Brazil to provide for the religious needs of the colonists but mainly to convert the pagans to Catholicism. The Jesuits at the request of the Portuguese monarchy, established missions, studied and documented the native languages. They believed that since these native people were human they should not be persecuted. They obtained a papal bull, an official document issued by the Pope. As protectors of the Native Americans, the Jesuits provided an interlude of stability for them.
The best rubber trees in the world grow in Brazil. In the 1840’s the process was developed for vulcanizing rubber and worldwide demand rose sharply. The natives proved to be unsuitable for the labor of tapping rubber trees so thousands of peasants from surrounding areas were brought in to do the work. The indigenous population was constantly in conflict with the peasants because they felt that they were invading their lands for profit. The indigenous people of Brazil, maltreated since the sixteenth century, are still persecuted today.
In the early twentieth century, General Candido Mariano Rondon (May 5, 1865 – January 19, 1958), was a famous Native American defender. He led expeditions through the remote parts of Brazil where the Native Americans lived befriending and trying to help them. Rondon was profoundly shocked by the inhuman treatment suffered by the natives at the hands of the white men. Rondon was a pacifist who fought tirelessly for the native’s right to compassionate and humane treatment. He said that the natives have the right to live their lives according to their beliefs and ancient inherited customs. His famous motto was, “Die if necessary, but never kill.”
Rondon founded the Indian Protection Service (SPI), the first government agency set up to protect and assist the “uncivilized” natives so that they could preserve their culture while living alongside the mainstream population. Rondon is a Brazilian national hero. Thanks to the work of Rondon the Brazilian government embraced a more compassionate attitude and proffered official protection to the indigenous people and established the first indigenous reserves.
Orlando Villas-Boas (Jan. 12, 1914 - Dec. 12, 2002), a Brazilian explorer and activist dedicated his life to the protection of Brazil’s Native American population. Unlike Rondon, Villas-Boas believed that for the natives to survive, they should remain as isolated as possible from the Brazilian mainstream. The idea is to permit the indigenous people to continue to live in their traditional culture while keeping their lands protected. These uncontacted people are particularly vulnerable and deserve to be protected from the outside world.
In the 1960’s it was revealed that Indian Protection Service had become corrupt. Agency officials in cooperation with land speculators and other commercial interests were charged with numerous atrocities such as slavery, sexual abuse, torture and mass-murder. They were methodically murdering the natives by deliberately circulating disease infested clothing. The Indian Protective Service was disbanded and replaced by the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) to protect the interests, culture, rights of the Brazilian indigenous people.
In 1961 Villas-Boas helped found Xingu National Park, a preserve for Brazil’s Indians. He served as the park’s first director. Villas-Boas and his brother Claudio wrote twelve books about the plight of the natives of Brazil. The Villas-Boas brothers were nominated for the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1971 and in 1975.
It is clearly recognized that unnecessary contact with the uncontacted tribes causes illness and social dissolution. These tribes are supposed to be protected from any intrusion or interference with their lifestyle, territory and culture. Conversely, the current exploitation of natural resources such as rubber and timber and the influx of cattle ranchers has brought about a new phase of invasion. The uncontacted Native American Brazilians are still being slaughtered to this day.
Related Articles
Editor's Picks Articles
Top Ten Articles
Previous Features
Site Map
Content copyright © 2021 by Valerie Aguilar. All rights reserved.
|
Sleep Apnea Letter – Does Snoring Impact Health?
Are you asking on your own, “Does snoring impact health?” If so, it might be time to take a severe look at your way of life as well as practices that are contributing to snoring. It is rather feasible that what you have actually been doing all your life adds to the every night noise. Maybe this is why so many individuals wake up so early in the early morning. Regardless of the reason, it is necessary to comprehend that snoring adversely impacts your wellness and also can also result in greater health risks.
Some people have no suggestion that snoring is a problem. While others are much more aware of the impacts. For instance, if you are a person that snores very loud, yet you’re not overweight, you might not think of it in terms of the connection in between snoring and also weight management. Yet if you’re obese, you might see that snoring is contributing to your weight problem. So, despite the fact that you may believe that snoring doesn’t impact you that a lot, it can be to another person.
The 2nd inquiry is, “What are the reasons for snoring?” There are a variety of reasons that individuals snore, such as nasal blockage, allergic reactions, sinus infections and also extreme fat deposits under the eyes. Various other sources of snoring are alcohol or drug use, smoking cigarettes, bad muscular tissue tone as well as weight problems. In addition to these physical causes, snoring has actually now become connected with rest apnea. With rest apnea, an individual can quit taking a breath several times per night which interrupts their normal resting pattern.
Rest apnea is a condition that takes place when the air passage becomes narrower than typical during sleep. This tightens the passage where air streams from the lungs to the mind, triggering the person to quit breathing for a couple of secs and after that begin again. If sleep apnea is left neglected, it can lead to a permanently altered breathing pattern, which can eventually result in fatality. However, if the sleep apnea is treated, it can dramatically decrease the risk of an individual obtaining apoplexy.
An additional inquiry that individuals inquire about the concern “Does snoring impact health?” is the result of snoring on overall health and wellness. When a person snores, he or she may experience tiredness, sleepiness during the day, frustrations, impatience and anxiety. Some people have also reported experiencing memory loss and also periodic anxiety.
Snoring can also affect an expectant woman’s health and wellness, given that snoring may disrupt the baby. Many individuals have located that snoring during pregnancy can cause an elevated danger of low birth weight and also developing troubles. Some individuals that snore are also more probable to suffer from stress and anxiety, stress and anxiety, migraines and clinical depression. Too, snoring while pregnant has actually been related to more regular losing the unborn babies. Nonetheless, research studies have actually not shown that snoring is straight in charge of these losses. Sleep Apnea Letter
Research studies have additionally shown that snoring can negatively influence the sexual and also enchanting life of an individual. A married person snores less than a non-snorer as well as a male is most likely to start a sex event if his companion snores. There are numerous connections in which the disloyalty has taken place as a result of a companion’s snoring, making it clear that snoring does indeed affect health and wellness in an unfavorable means.
It is very important for a person to answer this concern: Does snoring affect health? If the answer is indeed, then an individual must make certain to get treatment for the condition. Fortunately, there are several methods to treat snoring. Modifications in lifestyle, such as dropping weight, quitting smoking cigarettes, changing specific medicines and seeing a doctor can all aid. For those that are overweight, slimming down can dramatically decrease the indicators of snoring.
Other snoring treatments include devices as well as surgical procedures. A snoring mouth piece might be recommended by your doctor if the cause of your snoring is enlarged tonsils. Such tools are usually constructed out of plastic as well as are used while you rest, holding the jaw closed versus the throat. These are only short-term procedures as well as might need to be put on for a very long time to be efficient.
Surgical procedures, such as tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies, are only done in extreme cases. Although surgical treatment can correct the source of the snoring, it may also be high-risk. Not every person is a great candidate for the surgical treatment. The person must additionally have the ability to rest without getting up in the middle of the evening. If a person tries to go to rest while the snoring is still existing, after that difficulties might occur.
It is tough to state whether snoring influences wellness. The factors behind everyone’s snoring is different. Some snorers have no apparent health problems. Others have wellness issues as a result of their snoring. When individuals do end up being ill as a result of snoring, it may have something to do with the negative effects of the snoring. For example, some snorers might have rest apnea, a sleeping problem, which can trigger serious problems. Sleep Apnea Letter
|
Veterans rehabilitation, circa 1866
“North Carolina was the first former Confederate state to provide funds for prosthetics [for veterans], signing an April 1866 contract with George B. Jewett, a Massachusetts inventor and the manufacturer of the Salem Leg and Arm. Governor Jonathan Worth provided a building for limb manufacturing in Raleigh and paid Jewett $5,000 in advance; in return, Jewett would sell legs to the state for $75 each, a steep discount. The state also paid for railroad transportation to the factory and housing for amputees during their fittings.
“The state program ran until 1871, spending $81,310.12….”
— From “Ruin Nation: Destruction and the American Civil War” by Megan Kate Nelson (2012)
The high cost of refusing to educate blacks
“To avoid having to expend public monies on black education, Worth and his legislature authorized localities to establish tax-supported private academies, risking, as one ally warned, ‘the entire alienation of the poorer class’ of whites, and destroying the South’s only extensive system of public education.”
|
Civilization Wiki
Civilization Wiki
BackArrowGreen.png Back to the list of wonders
"At the south-west corner a large perpendicular mass of sandstone has become separated by a deep fissure from the body of the mountain … it has all the appearance of a colossal statue."
– E. A. Wallis Budge
Wikipedia has a page called:
Jebel Barkal is a Classical Era Wonder in Civilization VI. It must be built on Desert Hills.
Vanilla and Rise and Fall[]
• Effects:
• Awards 2 Iron Iron.
• Provides +4 Faith Faith to all your cities that are within 6 tiles.
Gathering Storm[]
• Effects:
• Awards 6 Iron Iron per turn.
Jebel Barkal is beneficial to both religious and militaristic civilizations. It is particularly useful with Theocracy (or the Grand Master's Chapel in Rise and Fall), since it allows nearby cities to generate Faith Faith that can be used to purchase units and the Iron Iron it provides will enable all of the owner's cities to produce Swordsmen and Knights. The maximum amount of Faith Faith you can get out of this Wonder is 52 Faith Faith, including the city it is built in and 12 surrounding cities within a 6 tile radius (so that you satisfy the 3-tile apart rule between every two cities, for more visualization, check here); however, don't go out of your way to sacrifice Fresh Water access and growing space just to get a little bit more Faith Faith. This Wonder can provide a strong Faith Faith generation early game, which is helpful for civilizations with Religious tendency, but sometimes the main challenge is to find a Desert Hills tile when your civilization does not have Desert starting bias like Nubia or Mali. The Maya, despite having no religious tendency, can also make use of this Wonder, since they always try to pack as many cities as possible around their Capital Capital without having to worry about Fresh Water access. The extra Iron Iron is welcome, but it is already very abundant as a Strategic Resource, and becomes obsolete in warfare quite quickly.
Civilopedia entry[]
A lonely mountain rises from the flat Sudanese desert, west of a bend in the Nile. At its base once stood a palace where ancient kingdoms ruled for centuries. Now, there are only ruins.
Easily recognizable from a great distance, the flat-topped mountain of Jebel Barkal was a waypoint for travelers in ancient times. It indicated a point of relatively safe crossing (just downstream of the Nile's Fourth Cataract). After the Fifteenth Century BCE, it also noted the location of Napata, Egypt's southernmost border city that, 500 years later, would become the capital of the Nubian Kingdom of Kush.
Since the 19th Century, archaeologists have excavated a wealth of historical information from Jebel Barkal including temple ruins, stonework carved into the mountain, and ancient inscriptions dating back to the Egyptian occupation of the region. The Nubian pyramids in the shadow of the mountain later served as tombs for Meroitic kings and queens.
Related achievements[]
Overclocked Conviction
Overclocked Conviction
After building the Jebel Barkal wonder, earn 28 Faith per turn on its tile.
'Overclocking' is a way in which computer hardware is tweaked to perform faster. In this context, 'conviction' is in regards to the faith yield of the wonder and 'overclocking' is the big boost from it.
Civilization VI Wonders [edit]
Natural Wonders
1 Requires a DLC2 Specific scenarios only
GS-Only.png Added in the Gathering Storm expansion pack.
|
How to turn pressure into vacuum!
If you ever need to create a vacuum but can’t find a vacuum pump, there’s a neat trick you can use in order to turn an air compressor into a vacuum pump, using only cheap and easy materials. As this video from GREENPOWERSCIENCE, this technique can also be used in order to spray liquids even if it contains particle that would be to big for any normal sprayers nozzle. GREENPOWERSCIENCE Used this very technique to turn styrofoam into spiderweb and you can watch how here: Recycle your styrofoam!
The fascinating science of paper airplanes
Become the expert of paper airplanes! World record holder John Collins, ThePaperAirplaneGuy, is THE master of paper airplanes. Approaching the subject like a scientist, John has found out the deep secrets of what makes different paper airplanes work in their specific ways. Watching this video is not just an excellent way to learn how to make your own flying paper objects, but also a chance to see how such a seemingly simple thing as a paper airplane has tremendous depth, physics, and science attached to it. Whether you want to learn how to fold different paper flying objects or study scientific inquiries, this video is definitely for you!
|
By Dr. Ambrose Hinge, Ph.D.,
Associate Professor of History at Duck Hollow University.
Misunderstandings and misconceptions are distressingly prevalent in discussions of the Civil War. I have been given space only to clear up a few of them, but my upcoming book, The “Civil” War Was Really Quite Rude, is recommended to any readers who wish to delve further into this dark period in our history.
Misconception: The Civil War was fought to free the slaves.
Fact: The governments of the seceding states, which fired the first shots in the conflict, explicitly intended to prevent the slaves from being freed. This is a matter of public record.
Misconception: The Southerners fought to protect states’ rights.
Fact: The Southerners’ most frequent accusation against the North was that individual Northern states had passed laws that prevented the effective enforcement of the federal Fugitive Slave Act.
Misconception: The Civil War was very romantic.
Fact: It has been historically documented that, far from being the stuff of romance, the Civil War was dirty and dangerous, and several people were actually hurt.
Misconception: The Civil War was unavoidable in the conditions of the time.
Fact: It has been conclusively demonstrated that both sides could have avoided the war altogether by not shooting at each other.
Misconception: Brother fought brother on the battlefields of the Civil War.
Fact: In fewer than 0.1% of cases were siblings divided in their allegiance, making it statistically very improbable that one brother would encounter another fighting on the opposite side in any given battle.
Misconception: Southerners fought for a worthy and noble “Lost Cause.”
Fact: The so-called “Lost Cause” was actually found under Jefferson Davis’ desk when Union troops entered Richmond in 1865. He had been using it to prop up one of the legs. It had therefore never really been lost at all.
Misconception: The Civil War succeeded in freeing the slaves.
Fact: Most adult Americans spend eight or more hours a day at the mercy of the arbitrary whims of an employer.
1. Clearly inspired by this recent piece of academic hand-wringing:
In other news, Christopher Columbus neither discovered America (the Vikings, Polynesians, and of course Amerindians beat him to the punch by some years) nor proved the world was round (rather, he fudged his numbers to make it seem smaller than it actually was, as most of his prospective employers pointed out when turning down his mad scheme). Anti-Vietnam protestors were not brave idealists stopping an unjust war, they were naive idiots enabling genocide (which, sadly, probably equally aptly describes the generals leading the war). Nero neither fiddled while Rome burned nor threw Christians to the lions.
Sometimes the details and complexities of history as taught at the college level are a bit different than the oversimplified versions taught in third grade social studies classes. Very few wars end up worth the cost paid in lives and treasure, even by the winning side, and the losing side rarely enjoys their depiction in histories written by the winners.
2. Clay Potts says:
Misconception: The Mason-Dixon Line’s only significance during the Civil War was as the official unofficial dividing line between the North and South.
Truth: The Mason-Dixon Line WAS the cause of the Civil War and actually began as a contractual dispute between Charles Mason, famed glass maker best known for the iconic Mason Canning Jar and Jeremiah Dixon, paper manufacturer and major supplier of paper labels, and holder of the coveted Mason Jar account. After three successive years of price increases which drove the per label price to just under one cent, frustrated and appalled Mason cancelled the label contract by literally and figuratively drawing a line in the sand down the center of the unpaved alleyway separating Mason Glassworks and Dixon Paper Mill, forbidding Dixon to drive over the line at risk being ticketed by the Pennsylvania State Police for driving a mule without proper emission inspections, thus forcing Dixon to remove the left mule and left wheels from his paper delivery wagon.
The resulting Civil War which ensued ended in 1864 after four long years of fighting. However, the dispute between Mason and Dixon has endured to present day and never again have the two companies done business with each other. Mason, stubborn to a fault, devised a method of embossing his product name directly into the glass of his jars at an added cost of two cents per jar, and Dixon went on to supply the nation with tiny paper bathroom drinking cups.
3. Captain DaFt says:
Actually, far from being abolished, slavery is the cornerstone of American economy.
From wikipedia:
Since at least Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward – 17 U.S. 518 (1819), the U.S. Supreme Court has recognized corporations as having the same rights as natural persons to contract and to enforce contracts. In Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad – 118 U.S. 394 (1886), the reporter noted in the headnote to the opinion that the Chief Justice began oral argument by stating, “The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations. We are all of the opinion that it does.”[1] While the headnote is not part of the Court’s opinion and thus not precedent, two years later, in Pembina Consolidated Silver Mining Co. v. Pennsylvania – 125 U.S. 181 (1888), the Court clearly affirmed the doctrine, holding, “Under the designation of ‘person’ there is no doubt that a private corporation is included [in the Fourteenth Amendment]. Such corporations are merely associations of individuals united for a special purpose and permitted to do business under a particular name.
Slavery: one person owns another.
Corporations: owned by stockholders
legal status of corporations: Same rights as natural persons.
Therefore: Stockholders are slave owners.
I would advise my fellow readers to contact your government representatives and demand that corporations be freed and all stockholders be imprisoned as the felons they are.
4. Mary says:
Nevertheless, there are recorded cases where after the battle, brothers from opposing sides met.
Statistically improbable things happen every day. If they didn’t, it would be more statistically improbable than any of them.
5. Zach Eikov says:
This is possibly the stupidest thing I have ever read. None of it makes sense and much of it is just wrong.
6. Eamonn says:
Zach Eikov: Perhaps the Concise Oxford English Dictionary can help.
n. (pl. parodies)
7. “This is possibly the stupidest thing I have ever read.”
Is this sentence self-referential? Not this one. That one! That other one! Ah, hell, you know what I mean . . .
Jeffery Hodges
* * *
8. Don says:
A successful joke requires three people: one to tell the joke, one to laugh, and one to say “I don’t get it.”
9. RepubAnon says:
I must disagree with this statement: “Misconception: Brother fought brother on the battlefields of the Civil War.”
In fact, brothers fight each other on a regular basis – the battles during the Civil War probably kept them from fighting each other by forcing them to fight strangers, instead.
10. wtf says:
Duck Hollow University????
Leave a Reply
|
You asked: Which of these is a factor that can lead to a forklift turnover?
Excessive speed (especially around corners), carrying loads at an unsafe height or driving with too heavy or a poorly balanced load can all make a forklift turn over.
What causes forklift turnovers?
What are the 4 main causes of forklift injuries?
4 Common Causes of Forklift Operator Injury or Death
• Lift trucks are inadvertently driven off loading docks.
• Lifts fall between docks and an unsecured trailer while a worker in onboard.
• Workers (or pedestrians) can be struck by a lift truck.
• Trucks may fall while on elevated pallets and tines.
What is a leading cause of forklift accidents?
What are the main causes of using a forklift?
What factors can contribute to forklift trucks incidents?
• Travelling at excessive speed.
• Riding with the load elevated.
• Improper backing up techniques.
• Improper turning, braking or accelerating.
• Improper warnings to others about a forklift in use nearby.
• Poor communication during shared tasks, or in shared spaces.
IT IS INTERESTING: Question: How much can the heaviest crane lift?
Can a forklift kill you?
The average forklift weighs several thousand pounds. As a result, 16 percent of forklift fatalities occur when victims are crushed by the vehicle. How it can happen: An electric-line technician was crushed to death after falling from and being run over by a forklift. The technician was riding on the forks.
What is the most common forklift hazard?
Some of the most common forklift accidents include overturns, struck with a forklift and falls from a forklift. Luckily, all of these forklift hazards are things employees can avoid with some vigilance and preparedness prior to and during operation.
Why are forklifts so dangerous?
There are many factors that explain why forklifts are dangerous: … The load of a forklift is carried in the front of the vehicle, blocking the line of sight of the operator. Forklifts are frequently required to lift heavy loads to high places. Mistakes made during lifting can lead to serious injuries from falling loads.
How many forklifts died in 2019?
Safety Topics
Forklift-related injuries are also cross-categorized by event type, most often as either a transportation incident or contact with object or equipment incident. Forklifts were the source of 79 work-related deaths and 8,140 nonfatal injuries involving days away from work in 2019.
What are 2 main causes of injuries when using forklifts?
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) says many workers are also injured when:
• Forklifts are inadvertently driven off loading docks.
• Forklifts fall between docks and unsecured trailers.
• Workers are struck by forklifts.
• Workers fall from elevated pallets and/or the platform of a forklift.
IT IS INTERESTING: How do you measure forklift capacity?
How common are forklift accidents?
Forklifts account for around 85 deaths every year. Forklift accidents that result in serious injury total 34,900 annually. Non-serious injuries related to forklift accidents reach 61,800 each year. A forklift overturning is the most common incident, accounting for 24% of all forklift accidents.
What is the number 1 cause of lift truck accidents?
However, the statistics show that the greatest hazard is being crushed when the forklift tips over. According to OSHA in the United States, 70% of forklift accidents could have been avoided with standardized training and safety procedures.
Why overturned forklift is the biggest cause of fatal forklift accidents?
One common reaction to an overturn, is for the operator to attempt to leap free from the forklift’s cockpit. Unfortunately, the operator places himself at a greater risk for being pinned beneath or crushed by his or her machine. … One of the best ways to prevent forklift accidents, is training. Training is everything.
What is another name for a forklift?
At what distance is a forklift considered to be unattended?
According to OSHA, a forklift is considered unattended when its operator is 25 feet or more away from it and it remains in the operator’s view or when he leaves the truck and it is now in his view.
What is a forklift hazard?
IT IS INTERESTING: What kind of oil does a Nissan Forklift use?
Construction brigade
|
The lack of a response (Isa 50:2-50:3)
“Why was no one there,
When I came?
When I called,
Why did no one answer me?
Is my hand shortened,
So that it cannot redeem?
Have I no power to deliver?
By my rebuke,
I dry up the sea.
I make the rivers a desert.
Their fish stink
For lack of water.
They die of thirst.
I clothe the heavens
With blackness.
I make sackcloth their covering.”
Second Isaiah continues with this rebuke of Yahweh. Why was no one there to greet him when he came? Why was no one listening to him when he called? Is he no longer capable of redeeming them? Has he lost his power? After all, he dries up the seas and turns the rivers into deserts. Their fish would stink and die because of a lack of water. He could command the heavens to turn black and put on sackcloth.
|
You asked: Who created the LED light?
Who created the LED light bulb?
The next year, in 1962, Nick Holonyak, Jr. (the “Father of the Light-Emitting Diode”) invented the first LED that produced visible, red light while working at General Electric. Throughout the 1960s, researchers and engineers continued experimenting with semiconductors with the goal of producing more efficient LEDs.
Did NASA invent LED lights?
2008- LED lights start to become popular in schools, offices and hospitals. 2019- LED lights are the main source of lighting, halogen and fluorescent bulbs are being phased out.
When was the red LED invented?
The retired American engineering professor from the University of Illinois invented the first visible spectrum, the red LED, in 1962 while working for General Electric, and colleagues have spent years saying the Nobel committee has unjustly overlooked his achievement.
IT IS INTERESTING: Question: What brand LED lights do Tiktokers use?
Where did LED lights come from?
Who is the father of LED bulb?
In 1962, when he was 33, the scientist Nick Holonyak, Jr., created the first practical visible light-emitting diode.
Why did NASA invent LED lights?
Does NASA use red light therapy?
In 1993, Quantum Devices (Barneveld, WI) developed a light-emitting diode (LED) for NASA to use in their plant growth experiments. 3 The experiments demonstrated that red LED wavelengths could boost plant growth, but coincidentally the scientist’s skin lesions began to heal faster as well.
Are LED lights bad for your eyes?
How did LED lights change the world?
A revolution in energy efficiency
IT IS INTERESTING: Can I use speaker wire for LED light bar?
WHAT LED bulb is equivalent to 100 watt?
LED equivalents to traditional incandescent light bulbs
Incandescent Light Bulb Wattage LED Equivalent Wattage
100 Watt 10 Watt
75 Watt 7.5 Watt
60 Watt 6 Watt
50 Watt 5 Watt
Do LED lights attract bugs?
What causes LED lights to glow when switched off?
|
Skip to Main Content
Find Scholarly Articles
What is a scholarly article?
• Articles are technical, research-oriented documents and are written by researchers, experts and scholars within the field.
• ‘Scholarly’, ‘peer-reviewed’ or ‘refereed’ are words used interchangeably to refer to academic level articles.
• Peer-reviewed articles mean that the article has been reviewed by other experts in the field before publication.
• Depending on the discipline, scholarly articles can be considered primary or secondary sources.
How do I identify a scholarly article?
By examining the following six areas, you will be able to identify a scholarly article:
• The purpose of an article is to contribute to a larger sphere of scholarly conversation.
• By either building on existing research or synthesizing and interpreting original research, an article is meant to convey new information, perspectives and ideas.
• As either a researcher, expert or scholar, an author’s credentials are important.
• An author’s reputation in the field of scholarship or scholarly communication can often have an impact on the quality of the information in the article as well as the reception of their scholarly community.
• Language is professional and makes use of technical and discipline appropriate terminology.
Article Structure
• Articles are often lengthy and may consist of the following sections: abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, conclusion, and bibliography.
• Articles may also include the following infographics to communicate their data and findings: diagrams, charts, graphs, charts, photographs and tables.
Journal Format
• The physical appearance of an article is largely determined by the journal it is published in.
• Journal formats are typically very simple, with black-and-white typeface, standard margins and a generally comprehensible aesthetic.
• The journal format of an article also avoids extraneous distractions, like supplementary advertisements.
• Articles include substantial citations and bibliographies. In addition, some disciplines utilize extensive footnotes or endnotes. This could be an indicator of whether an article is peer-reviewed or not.
• Checking the quality and validity of the citations is useful.
How do I find articles?
• To search for articles, use an online platform or catalogue like Omni to search by article title, journal title, or topic.
• Think of words and phrases that have the same or a similar meaning to your search topic and try searching with the new terms.
• To search by title, put the article's title in quotations: "A History of the China Sea".
• When using Omni to find peer-reviewed articles, remember the left-hand sidebar features facets that allow you to refine the results. Select the ‘Peer-reviewed Journals’ option to narrow your search to scholarly articles.
• Tip: Once you have have located a useful article, remember that articles can also be used for their bibliographies, as directive sources to other relevant articles and information.
What tools can I use to find articles?
Resources to Help you Find Articles
Video: 3 Steps to Create A Search FormulaVideo: How to develop keywordsLink to Guide: find scholarly articles
Suggest an edit to this guide
|
System of Equations
Representing systems of equations in more than two variables by using matrix equations. Using the equations to solve real-world problems.
Mapped to CCSS Section# HSA.REI.C.7, HSA.REI.C.8, HSA.REI.C.9
Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically. For example, find the points of intersection between the line y = -3x and the circle x^2 + y^2 = 3. Represent a system of linear equations as a single matrix equation in a vector variable. Find the inverse of a matrix if it exists and use it to solve systems of linear equations (using technology for matrices of dimension 3 × 3 or greater).
|
Bat Bites: Identification and Care
Bats are known to occasionally bite or scratch humans, usually when they feel threatened. Bat bites don’t leave obvious marks and are often hard to identify, but you should always seek medical advice if you are bitten by a bat (or any other animal). So, what do bat bite marks look like, do they hurt, and what should you do if you get bitten?
How common are bat bites?
Bats do sometimes bite or scratch humans, but only if they are provoked or feel threatened. Bats are generally shy creatures and will instinctively avoid human contact, but will bite in self-defense. For this reason, you should never attempt to capture or handle a bat.
What do bat bites look like?
Bats have very small, sharp teeth, so their bites are often small and difficult to recognize.
If they leave any marks at all, they will probably look like tiny pinpricks.
The absence of any obvious bite marks may make it hard to know if you have been bitten or not, but there are some situations in which you should seek medical help anyway. These include:
• Waking up and finding a bat in your room (as it may have bitten you while you slept)
• Finding a bat in the room of a young child
• Seeing a bat near someone who is incapacitated (for example, by illness or intoxication)
Bat bite size
Bats have tiny teeth that leave minuscule puncture marks less than 1 mm in diameter. Their scratches are also very small, and are usually no more than 1 cm long.
Do bat bites hurt?
A bat bite is usually painful and feels like a sharp, needle-like jab. If you are bitten while you are awake you will almost certainly notice it, but may not if you are sleeping or intoxicated.
Are bat bites dangerous?
Bats carry a wide range of diseases, including rabies. Rabies is a fatal disease so, if you are bitten by a bat (or any other wildlife), seek medical advice immediately.
face of a bat
Vincent M.A. Janssen/
Fortunately, your chances of catching rabies from a bat are very slim. Only around 6% of bats submitted for rabies testing (i.e., those that were obviously weak or sick) were found to have the virus, so the percentage among the general bat population is likely to be even lower.
Do bat bites need treatment?
You may be unlikely to catch rabies from a bat, but you should definitely seek immediate medical treatment if you are bitten.
Rabies is a fatal disease, and you will need a vaccination within 24 hours even if there is only a small chance you have contracted the virus. Bats also carry a wide variety of other viruses and bacteria, which can cause diseases such as:
• Histoplasmosis
• Salmonellosis
• Yersiniosis
• Nipah virus
• Hendra virus
• Ebola virus
• SARS coronavirus
If you are bitten by a bat, wash the affected area with soap and water and seek medical help immediately.
How can you tell if a bat has rabies?
The vast majority of bats do not have rabies. Even if a bat does have rabies, you usually can’t tell just by looking at it. However, the following warning signs could indicate that a bat has the virus:
• Activity in the daytime
• Activity in unusual areas (for example, in your home or on your lawn)
• Weakness, disorientation, or inability to fly
If your cat or dog catches a bat, this could be because the bat was weak or sick. In these cases, you should submit the bat for rabies testing. Most of the time, bats will only bite in self-defense so the safest option is to never approach or attempt to handle bats.
What should you do if you find bats in your home?
If a bat finds its way into your home, try to encourage it to leave on its own. To do this, you can:
• Trap the bat in a single room by closing the doors
• Open a window and turn off the lights
• Leave the room and close the door behind you
• Wait for the bat to leave
If the bat will not leave, you may have to capture it. Take the following steps to minimize your risk of being bitten:
• Put on thick, protective gloves
• Trap the bat with a sturdy container, for example, a Tupperware box
• Slide a piece of strong cardboard or a lid under the container to trap the bat
• Poke air holes into the container if necessary
• Place the container in a dark, quiet place
• Disinfect your gloves and wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water
• Call your local wildlife protection service for advice
If you find a sick or dying bat in your home, you should report it to your local wildlife protection service for rabies testing and rehabilitation. If you think there may be bats roosting in your attic, contact a wildlife removal specialist for help and assistance.
Bats are known to bite and scratch humans, though they will usually only do so in self-defense. Bats have tiny, sharp teeth and small mouths, so their bite marks are not always easy to identify. In some cases, they may not leave a mark at all; in others, they may leave a series of tiny pinpricks less than 1 mm in diameter.
If you wake up to find a bat in your room, or see a bat near an accompanied child or unconscious person, you should seek medical advice even if there are no apparent bite wounds. This is because bats are known to carry a wide variety of potentially fatal diseases, including rabies.
Submit a comment
Your email address will not be published*
|
A Battlefield Nightmare: Korea's DMZ Is the Most Heavily Armed Place on Earth
July 20, 2021 Topic: Korea Region: Asia Blog Brand: The Reboot Tags: North KoreaDMZSouth KoreaKorean WarKim Jong UnMilitary
The zone is full of mines and surrounded by two powerful armies.
Here's What You Need to Know: In the event of war, the DMZ would become one of the deadliest battlegrounds ever conceived.
The 2017 defection of a North Korean soldier across the demilitarized zone (DMZ) that separates the two Koreas highlighted how difficult it is to cross from one Korea to the other. Fenced, mined and patrolled by soldiers from both sides, fortifications and large concentrations of combat-ready troops will make the Korean DMZ in the event of war the deadliest place on earth.
The current demarcation line between North and South Korea was settled by the Korean Armistice Agreement of July 1953. The two sides agreed on a demilitarized zone approximately 2.5 miles wide approximately 160 miles long, bisecting the peninsula. Technically there is no “border,” as neither Korea really considers the other Korea separate country, and so the DMZ has become the de facto border. Although the DMZ is commonly referred as following the thirty-eighth parallel line, it actually falls beneath the thirty-eighth parallel in the west and goes above it in the east.
North of the DMZ, the Korean People’s Army is responsible for the DMZ. (Although a Border Security Bureau exists, it protects only the borders with China and Russia.) North Korea has erected a series of fortifications and defensive structures designed to prevent South Korean forces from crossing the border. An electrified fence runs the length of the DMZ, along with minefields strewn with antipersonnel mines. The KPA has also built a number of towers designed to watch for South Korean incursions.
North Korea’s armed forces number 1.2 million armed men and women in uniform, and the armed forces maintain a decidedly offensive stance. Approximately 70 percent of ground forces and 50 percent of air and naval forces are within sixty miles of the DMZ. North Korea built several underground tunnels that crossed the DMZ, with at least four having been detected—and sealed—by the Republic of Korea Army between 1974 and 2000. Starting in the early 2000s, Pyongyang reportedly began building a network of at least eight hundred bunkers near the border, each capable of sheltering 1,500 to 2,000 KPA light infantry troops to act as protective marshaling points before the troops spearhead a cross-border assault.
In the event of war, North Korea’s plan is to use overwhelming firepower and speed of action to conduct a “One Blow Non-Stop Attack.” In 1992, Kim Jong-il, the father of current leader Kim Jong-un, concluded that only a lightning assault across the border, known as “Occupying South Korea, All the Way to Pusan, in Three Days” could succeed in light of the overwhelming firepower that U.S. forces could bring to blunt any of Pyongyang’s moves.
Once war begins the KPA’s three forward infantry corps, the I, II and IV Corps, supported by independent light infantry brigades and the 620th and Kangdong Artillery Corps, would launch a lightning attack across the DMZ. Also in support would be KPA Air Force fighters, helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft flying commandos, paratroopers and saboteurs south of the border, and amphibious assaults on tactically significant South Korean islands and coastal areas. KPA submarines would fan out to deploy naval commandos and intercept ROK Navy and U.S. Navy forces, particularly amphibious forces poised for a counterattack.
The vigorous attacks by the three KPA corps—almost certainly supported by generous amounts of chemical weapons—would ideally generate at least one breakthrough on the west and east coasts, with the west more important due to the presence of the South Korean capital of Seoul. On the west coast, the KPA 815th Mechanized Corps and 820th Tank Corps, each with hundreds of tanks and infantry fighting vehicles stand ready to exploit any breakthrough, while the 108th and 806th Mechanized Corps stand ready to do the same on the east coast.
North Korean heavy-artillery units such as the 620th and Kangdong Corps would fire from protective positions known as Hardened Artillery Sites, or HARTS. Dug into mountainsides and frequently protected with concrete casements, HARTS are designed to provide an elevated perch from which heavy artillery can fire their guns south in support of an invasion—or to conduct terror attacks on Seoul. The sites allow North Korean artillery to launch their deadly artillery strikes and then retreat into the bowels of a mountain, hillside, or rough terrain to hide from U.S. and South Korean aircraft, artillery and missiles. Many HARTS sites have already been identified, but undoubtedly some will remain undetected. Their ability to target civilians makes them a number-one priority in wartime.
Meanwhile, south of the DMZ, South Korea too has extensive defenses designed to stop an army from crossing the border. Republic of Korea Army troops regularly patrol the border, inspecting it for signs of infiltration, with heavy machine guns and other support weapons overlooking key areas. (ROK soldiers patrolling in the DMZ are considered “armed police” and not “military,” a distinction without a difference but within the letter of the armistice agreement.) In 2010, the SGR-1 armed border sentry robot began patrolling the DMZ, reflecting the high manpower costs associated with covering the entirety of the 160-mile-long zone.
There are also heavier, more obtrusive defenses for keeping armored and mechanized forces out. Many roads and highways between Seoul and the DMZ are designed to be easily blocked in case of invasion. Roadways running north-south are channeled through narrow passes that are easily blocked to the heaviest and most powerful tanks, including cylinders of concrete suspended by cables and pillars that are easily toppled. These so-called countermobility obstacles are not designed to permanently stop advancing KPA forces, but just to slow them down long enough so that the defenders can mount an effective defense.
In the event the North stages a cross-border attack, Southern troops would attempt to stop KPA forces as close to the border if possible. Seoul is a mere half hour’s drive from the DMZ, and urban sprawl means even a minor penetration would reach the outskirts of the city. ROK forces at the border would be outmanned but perhaps not outgunned, as KPA military technology lags far behind the south. Southern forces would throw everything they had at the enemy crossing the DMZ, and the amount of firepower traded north/south in some sectors could easily equal the fighting on the Somme or D-Day.
In any cross-border attack, the longer it takes for the KPA to win, the more likely it is the United States and South Korea will prevail. An extended offensive means more time for the ROK military to call up reserves and, perhaps more importantly, more time for American air, ground and naval units to arrive and through their weight into the fight. In response, part of the KPA’s battle plan is to attack airfields, ports, and other points of entry into the peninsula, sealing it off from reinforcements and giving time for the frontline combat units to win the war.
The Korean DMZ is almost certainly the most heavily armed place on Earth. In the event the unthinkable happens, the presence of three large armies on the Korean Peninsula and their associated firepower would make the otherwise peaceful 2.5-mile-by-160-mile strip (which doubles as a wildlife refuge) one of the deadliest battlegrounds ever conceived.
This article first appeared in 2017.
Image: Reuters
|
Common Eye Diseases
Age-related Macular Degeneration
It is caused by changes in the macula, the part of the retina responsible for clear vision.
As this condition advances, a distorted, dark or empty space appears in the center of view, as in the image to the right.
Contact your eye doctor immediately if you have any of these symptoms.
After age 60 the American Optometric Association recommends an annual comprehensive eye examination.
A cataract is the clouding of all or part of your eye’s lens. Your lens is normally clear. See your eye doctor if you think you may have cataracts.
This condition is most often found in people over 55 but can occur in younger individuals.
The cause of cataracts is not known but the cloudy lens is a result of a chemical change in the eye. This may be due to age, heredity, injury or disease.
If you have cataracts, your eye doctor will be able to discuss treatment options with you.
Cataracts can be removed by an eye surgeon by replacing your eye’s lens with an artificial lens.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is one of many health problems that can be caused by diabetes.
This eye disease is caused by the leaking, swelling or branching of the small blood vessels in the retina.
As diabetic retinopathy progresses, you may notice your vision is cloudy and you might develop blind spots or floaters.
Left untreated, diabetic retinopathy can cause blindness.
Have your eyes examined regularly, especially if you or a family member has diabetes.
Laser and other eye surgery can slow the progress of the disease and decrease the risk of blindness. However, early treatment is important.
If you have diabetes, follow your doctors advice and get regular eye examinations.
Glaucoma is caused by an increase in the internal pressure of the eye.
The increase in pressure can damage the fibers in your optic nerve.
This pressure occurs when the passages in your eye that normally drain fluid become blocked or clogged.
Glaucoma can not be prevented but it can be controlled through treatment if it is diagnosed early.
The American Optometric Association recommends that you have yearly examinations if you are at risk of glaucoma.
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Retinitis pigmentosa is a condition of the retina where the cells called rods degenerate over time.
This is a condition that is inherited from your parents.
As the disease progresses, individuals lose their ability to see in low light conditions and over time they may lose their peripheral vision.
See your eye doctor if you think you have retinitis pigmentosa or if you have a family history of this disease
|
Tobacco Policies & Legislation
How To Beat A Dead Dog: Anti-Smoking Activism in Modern America
by C. R. S. Lyles
As the old adage goes, the only two sure things in life are death and taxes. As smokers know, these elements of life are even more assured, since smoking can lead to early death and the current taxation on cigarettes has outshone any other taxable product since the Intolerable Acts of colonial times.
But now a third variable has crept into the mixture, a variable which not only exacerbates the previous two, but will inevitably lead to a poorer quality of life for all Americans who still continue to smoke: joblessness.
In a recent article published by the New York Times, hospitals and medical businesses are cutting down on the volume of employed smokers within their facilities and turning away applicants who either confess that they smoke or it is found out later that they smoke.
The application process for those seeking jobs within the medical profession warn explicitly of "tobacco-free hiring", and the applicants themselves must take urine tests and those who are hired and later caught smoking face termination.
In a world run rampant under the sway of the almighty attitude of "political correctness", smokers remain the only (and I do mean THE ONLY) group of Americans who are not only continually discriminated against, but are encouraged to be discriminated against by the rest of the American population.
In the case of the hospital bans against smokers, think about what would happen if just one hospital or medical business turned away an African-American.
Short answer, the NAACP would rally so quickly against that hospital and would slap a lawsuit against them so fast that by the end of the work day THAT DAY the subject who had been discriminated against would effectively own the business he was denied employment at.
PipesMagazine Approved Sponsor
The examples are endless, because in today’s America we are so afraid of offending anyone that we inevitably end up offending not only our own dignity and pride but the memory of the founding fathers by forfeiting personal accountability in favor of the status quo.
Now, how smokers got left out of the jolly little band of sue-happy American gangs is unclear, but it is certainly assured and increasingly well-documented that smokers are on the outs in regard to the protection of anti-discrimination laws.
MORE READING Anti-Tobacco Nazis Will Do Anything to Take Control of Your Life
I guess the ACLU was out to lunch when their name came up for potential membership.
Long story short, the pattern which will affect smokers should bans like this continue goes a little something like this:
Step 1: Person smokes. This is legal.
Step 2: Person applies for a job. This is legal.
Step 3: Person is denied job because they smoke. This is illegal.
Step 4: Person pays higher rates for taxes in order to smoke. With no income, this becomes harder to do. Money gained from tobacco taxes does not go to proper groups. This is illegal.
Step 5: Person has to take a job they are vastly overqualified for because they can’t get the other job since they smoke. Forget illegal/legal; this is just plain wrong.
Step 6: Person succumbs to increased amount of stress due to bills piling up and the inability to get a better paying job.
Step 7: Person’s immune system becomes weaker due to increased levels of stress. Person develops an illness.
Step 8: Person dies of illness. Anti-tobacco groups blame it on smoking and everybody cheers the fact that another smoker is dead and they can get more money through the twisted logic of fear mongering.
Yes, smoking is bad for you, but it isn’t the element that will kill you in the end; the stress from not being able to enjoy the same quality of life as everyone around because you stand out in a way that pisses off the self-righteous assholes which craft initiatives like this ban is what is going to kill you.
Jacob Sullum, author of the Reason Magazine article "The Right to Discriminate Smokers" sums it up the best.
"If anti-smoking activists truly believed that smokers are helpless nicotine slaves, why would they support policies that ‘punish the addiction’ through punitive, regressive taxes and restrictions that make it increasingly difficult for these addicts to get their fix (for example, by banning separate smoking rooms in workplaces and smoking near the entrances of office buildings)?"
MORE READING The Smug Alert: Part Two
The fact is, smokers are not a group in the eyes of the American people anymore: they are akin to junkies and crack-fiends, and must, in the well-disguised words of Concord Senator Mark DeSaulnier and Jane Warner, President and CEO for the American Lung Association in California, be eliminated.
According to Warner, "There is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke and people exposed increase their risk of developing lung cancer by 20 to 30 percent." She, of course, cites statistics fabricated by the U.S. Surgeon General’s 2006 report on secondhand smoke."
DeSaulnier, also an advocate against secondhand smoke, rallies his empty-headed supporters around a similar cry:
"California workers should not be exposed to secondhand smoke and the health risks associated with it. They go to work and earn an honest day’s pay for an honest day’s work, not to breathe in carcinogens. It is time to bring California’s once-groundbreaking Smoke-Free Workplace law into the 21st century."
Funny, isn’t Hollywood located within California? Don’t the majority of actors working in Hollywood smoke? Hmmm….
Honestly, I’m at a loss with all of this.
I’m tired, folks. I’m tired of banging my head against a wall and trying to make stubborn, pig-headed people understand the irreparable damage they are doing to the rights of American citizens.
I’m tired of fighting and tired of being made to feel like a drug addict.
And, most importantly, I’m just flat-out sick and tired of having to talk about this. We shouldn’t have to talk about this; this should not be an issue.
Our troops are still holed up in Afghanistan. Our allies in the Middle East are dwindling, our economy’s still in a rut, China’s out-producing us and taking the once-great idea of American enterprise and creativity and making it their own while our lawmakers sit in Congress complaining about health care.
Health care? Are you serious? That’s the primary reason our country is going to hell right now? Because of smokers?
MORE READING Apple Pie & Hot Dogs Are Now Against The Law
Let me tell you what the real problem is. These issues, the Smoke-Free Workplace law, the applicants seeking jobs in the health care profession being turned away because they smoke, the endless commercials we see on television which brainwash our kids and teach them to "Live Above the Influence", none of these are what is really going on.
What’s really going on is that bipartisan politics have become so brutal, so divided and broken, that the only way for the separate parties to get their way is to remain in office, and the only way to do that is to dupe the American people into rallying behind them by attaching themselves to an issue before the other side can.
The issue? Doesn’t matter, because a good speech writer can make chocolate sound like an atomic bomb. Having an adequate grasp of the English language myself, I understand the vast power of words, how easily they can be used to move and sway the mob and unite them under a single mantra (remember "Yes We Can"?)
I could continue to cite the fallacies in statistics. I could continue to cite the missteps in syntax and logic employed by the most vehement of anti-smoking activists, but I’m just too tired.
As my grandmother often says, "There’s just no point in beating a dead dog."
The issue of smoking is a dead dog. So, to all the anti-smoking activists and lawmakers who are so entrenched in their own beliefs, who continually dig up the body of old Rover so they can punish him over and over again for all the senseless reasons they can conjure up, can’t you please just let sleeping dogs lie?
Carter R. Lyles is a student at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, FL and at the University of Florida in Gainesville. He is a journalism/psychology major, and in addition to his work at Pipes Magazine, he has contributed articles to The Alligator, Thursday Night Magazine, and The Fine Print.
PipesMagazine Approved Sponsors
• L
• March 6, 2011
Great article! I'm only a pipe smoker but I work somewhere that smoking is allowed and we get way more praise than disdain from it. It's a personal choice that people make and, as long as they aren't effecting others by it, it should be allowed. I'd like to see the reasoning these employers use to justify their thinking.
Also, interesting layout and design in the article. Just something I noticed.
• M
• March 6, 2011
Poignant and insightful.
• K
• March 6, 2011
Unfortunately, the melange of distortion, half-truths, mis-truths and outright distortions is extremely hard to fight. If you successfully refute the first set of "facts" they simply make up a new set. We've seen allegations about the effects of third-hand smoke, I'm sure someone is already inventing a set of horribly debilitating symptoms for fourth-hand and even fifth-hand smoke.
• U
• March 6, 2011
This canine is well and truly expired and no further pummeling will serve to revive it. What the devil are these people after other than control of the lives of all people?
• W
• March 6, 2011
There is no talk or discussion going on of THE most anti-health topic.. the
All their rules and legislation mean nothing but that eventually every citizen will eventually break some law.
All studies are biased towards who has more money to buy the "Correctly supportive" outcome.
Listen to them and be a sheeple, or walk your own path and be an independent, responsible, decision-making individual person.
The choice is yours. The action(s) you have to own what you do. Do not later come back and want someone to "Bail you out".
• K
• March 6, 2011
Great article. Just not sure when the madness will stop.
• B
• March 6, 2011
Crazy world we are living in.... Denied a job for doing something 100% legal.
"Hold up, you said here you enjoy driving with the top down in your convertible? I am sorry we don't hire people like you here, don't you know that could kill you!"
• Y
• March 6, 2011
"the current taxation on cigarettes has outshone any other taxable product since the Intolerable Acts of colonial times."
In numbers this is more true than you seem to realize, or at least imply. In outrage, unfortunately the hypocrisy of it all is that it isn't.
Just one example of those taxes, that on tea, in modern money it is estimated that the actual value of that tax was was per crate of tea than the current tobacco tax is per pound. In fact the pipe tobacco tax at roughly 1/10th the tax of cigarette tobacco is closer to those taxes, close enough there is some doubt considering the considerations of mis-judgement of the actual value of the dollar at that point in history it isn't certain which would be higher in today's money.
That's just it, taxation that helped lead America to revolution 200 years ago was in the ballpark of 10% of the "sin tax" we have today, and the people are rallying for an increase.
My school (University of North Texas in Denton, Tx) is preparing to increase tuition by 6-9% either next semester or next year. According to the bill in Texas that added a flat 1 USD tax on top of existing taxes to a pack of cigarettes (and roughly 5 USD by the pound) was intended, in part, to fund higher education. So why is it tuition has increased almost every year since that tax hike passed?
Now I have no idea how much they promised to give to education in numbers. . .but it obviously wasn't even a pitiful fraction considering schools are not just having increases in costs of operation, but repeated cuts in funding. UNT is a respected university, there's not the possibility it failed to earn its cut either, so that only leaves that one of the two parties is lying.
Several years ago it was found less than 1% of lottery profits went to public schools as promised in one state, and our government (even the Old Guard Constitutionalists in Texas) has a bad track record of misappropriated funds. . . my money is on the government blowing it. Kinda like that 1 USD fee on everyone's cellphone bill to fund 911 centers that in not one single state did the money get put to that. In fact the least irresponsible thing done with that money was putting it in the bank to raise profits in interest which would become mis-appropriated funds in their own right.
You want to talk about a dead dog. . . I agree with it in all points except this, I think the bigger issue are the horses rotting in the field, poisoning the groundwater.
• S
• March 6, 2011
Great article! I fought in my countries service and put my life on the line in order that the citizens of my country have the same freedoms as we have always had. Now I am told that my freedom to smoke, get a job and decide for myself as an adult, is being taken away! This goes against what this country was founded on and I am mad. I tend to vote against and campaine hard against those that make me mad and tread upon my freedoms. See you in 2012 antis!
• J
joey pinter
• March 7, 2011
question, where do they come up with those numbers of people getting dead from smoke?? if 300,000 people died every year there would be cheep apartments everywhere.
• N
• March 7, 2011
Hundreds of years of pipe smoking without these health-related diseases, but no one can refute a lie that everyone has come to believe. Not even the Constitution is able to stand up to it.
• J
• March 7, 2011
More preaching to the choir. It's "the great unwashed" that should get this information!
This article should grace the editorial page in every American newspaper!
• C
• March 7, 2011
Heck, I just want to be able to buy my baccy and smoke my pipe in peace, like my grandpa did.
However, when it comes to this article itself I am not at all impressed.
What's really new here?
It's a rant. It doesn't enlighten, inform or even entertain.
The author demonstrates a lack of legal knowledge and hisorical and social context.
And how can you compare a smoker to a member of specific race?
That verges on the absurd.
Here's the passage in question:
What's his point?
Surely he's not suggesting that discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender or age is any way the equivalent of a company acting within its legal rights by hiring only non-smokers.
This ill-advised comparison might be interpreted by some as borderline ignorant or gratuitous.
Yes, I'm tired of all the anti-smoking noise.
But self-indulgent, uninformed whining isn't a particularly effective response.
• S
• March 7, 2011
cornguy, tell why it is OK to not hire based on legal activity outside the work place.
What if they wouldn't hire people who eat beef?
Is that an acceptable policy in your view?
How about no redheads? (You know they tend to have short tempers)
No one under 5'8"?
No one over 200lbs?
Personally I think a private entity should be free to hire whom they wish, but why carve out specific groups for regulation and not others?
• J
• March 7, 2011
You can just forget about smoking in peace like your grandpappy. Those days are over. We are EMBATTLED. Unless we all beat our plowshare into swords, we won't be able to enjoy that freedom again. Got it?
And as for comparing smoking to the races:
When I was a boy, Texas and the South were still segregated. Not just the schools but also many businesses. With cafes and restaurants, the white folks used the front door and the black folks used the back door. There was usually a table or two set up in an unused corner of the kitchen for the black folks to dine. As far as I know, they ordered off the same menus, used the same plates, and paid the same prices as the white folks out front. Now... we can "cluck, cluck" and shake our heads at the way we were back then, but is it different today?? SMOKERS DON'T EVEN HAVE A TABLE IN THE KITCHEN!
Smokers are the new outcasts.
We'd better fix this and pronto.
• J
• March 7, 2011
Yep what the corn fella said is about what I thought. The author made way to much about things he knows nothing about. (legal things)
As to the subject of the article.
Workers rights. Complete bull. Don't like the way your job is. Quit, GTFO, STFU and go. There is someone else that wants and needs a job and will not whine that its a lil bit smokey, underpaid, lacks benefits, or eight weeks of vacation.
If you could do it better. Then do it yourself create a product or service that's in demand, work hard, and turn a profit. Need help? Hire yourself some whinny lil cus that tells you how to run what you have built. Then tell em for yourself to GTFO.
• K
• March 7, 2011
@cornguy & jjtroutbum
The tone & style of the article was my decision.
Carter said he could either write it as a rant of sorts, or state facts and figures, more calm and toned down.
We both felt that at this point in time to try one of the anti's own approaches. They have several techniques, like lying, and using fake "facts", which we are not doing. However, one of their other approaches is to scream at the top of their lungs (no pun intended) about the evil injustices being done to non-smokers just by the existence of smokers on the planet. They have turned smokers into a evil waste of space to be judged and looked down upon.
We decided it was time to scream at the top of our lungs too.
I directed the tone & style of the article, and Carter executed his marching orders perfectly.
If you do not like the article, then I am the one to blame. Carter is extremely professional and schooled in journalism and psychology, which is why I hired him.
• E
• March 7, 2011
I, as a European, find it strangely amusing that the US chooses to ban something that causes less death than firearms?
Don't you just love irony!!!
• S
• March 7, 2011
Well, one is explicitly mention in the Constitution and the other isn't.
That was one of the concerns against the Bill of Rights, that it would be inappropriately used an a complete list, instead of examples of specific rights with a history of being violated.
Then again, to hear the anti's tell it, tobacco is far more dangerous to the users and "innocent bystanders" than firearms anyway.
CDC says something on the order of 32k annual gunshot related deaths, while the antis claim 3-5 times that from second hand smoke. ( claims 53k)
• J
• March 7, 2011
'I' am fascinated by the current attempt to blame almost all disease, if you smoke, on smoking! Which in times past was considered a rather innocuous habit for mild stimulation and to relieve stress - UNTIL those who did not like the habit began a 100 years war to stamp it out - this war is still going and like the former war in the early part of the 20th Century to blame alcohol on almost all diseases which then led to Prohibition and many more problems than it solved. Now the world faces another attempt at tobacco prohibition - 'they' will not stop until they have outlawed tobacco {makes you wonder if they are working for the marijuana crowd!?!}.
They say, and will give you statistics, showing that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer and emphysema, etc., etc. They will tell you that breathing second hand smoke is just as bad and that even touching or handling object that were in the same room with a smoker will contribute to your demise - And of course the next step will be to convince you that talking to a smoker may jeopardize your health! {do I detect pre-conceived bias? - or is it an out and out prejudice ?!} It is also known that stress can cause cancer and a study comparing people who worried about cancer with people who did not found the worriers actually had higher cancer rates. So you see, you take a habit, say smoking, and keep subjecting the smoker to the endless paradigm that he or she will get cancer and eureka you have done it - you have inflicted a spell upon the smokers mind convincing him with every cigarette he is giving himself cancer - NOW THE QUESTION I ASK WHEN HE FINALLY GETS CANCER WHAT WAS THE MAIN CAUSE TOBACCO OR MENTAL POISONING?!
Now to save America with tobacco smoke you can do the following: Heavily smoke cigarettes {but definitely no pipes or cigars and especially pipes as the original Surgeon Generals report on smoking showed lifetime pipe smokers lived longer than non-smokers and cigar smokers lived as long as non-smokers} {a little statistic the smoke is death cartel tries to avoid like the issue of stress and mental poisoning which they continually perpetuate upon smokers and every one else they can influence}.
Now for the sake of argument let us say they are right and that the average cigarette smoker losses 8 years of life - They say the Social Security system will soon go broke - not enough money - so you see by smoking cigarettes you will not collect as much Social Security and will therefor benefit the economy - BUT do not smoke a pipe - you may live longer than a none smoker and contribute to the fall of America. Be patriotic, chain smoke cigarettes of which the taxes on alone will begin to tax your health and then expire approximately 8 years earlier and therefor contribute to saving Social Security and the USA!!!
By the way, 'they' have now concluded that light to moderate drinkers {yes, alcohol} live longer than none-drinkers!!! Where have all the prohibitionists gone? To the tobacco plant!!! And whats next? Obesity and excess meat is also supposed to be a major cause of early death, is Ronald MacDonald really the devil in disguise???
Still trying to smoke out human stupidity!!!
• A
• March 7, 2011
Anybody supporting anti-smoke movements are criticizing others - We on the other hand are just enjoying a relaxing smoke!
• T
• March 8, 2011
Dear Readers,
Normally, I have made it a strict policy to not comment on my own articles. I leave them open enough to debate, and the words themselves are often enough to stir the debate without having to add anything to the pot in order for it to boil.
However, in this circumstance, I was so relieved by one user's response and his grasp of the concepts I was subtly trying to portray that I felt the need to step in and speak up.
@jimbo, you understand my point completely. The issue of common segregation was the exact parallel I was attempting to draw between smokers and non-smokers, likening them to the pre-Civil Rights Movement trend of having restaurant seating for "Whites" and "Coloreds". I am old enough to remember when you went to a restaurant and the hostess would ask if you would like to be seated in the smoking or non-smoking section, and the metaphor of the unknown African-American I chose to use was done so to convey that, even in the staunchly racist setting of that segregated world, Black Americans still had a place to sit in the restaurant. Smokers no longer have that luxury.
@cornguy, you are correct as well. This article is a rant. It is ceaseless whining about the same old tired issue to the same choir, but the fact is that pro-smoking rhetoric rarely (and I mean rarely) finds its way into an un-biased publication such as a newspaper or other periodical because the American public doesn't wish to be enlightened concerning this great social injustice. The people who need to hear the "facts" and "figures" are the same crowd who are cheering when their congressman announces further addendums to pre-existing bills that will further hinder the rights of Americans whose only distinguishing factor that sets them apart from the rest of the population is the fact that they smoke.
Also, the article is satirical. I do not usually come out and say it because the snarky, sideways quips and sarcastic sniping is usually enough to convey the message of snorting derision. It was written in the same tone employed by the anti-smoking activists, which is, as you put it, "self-indulgent", "ill-informed", and "absurd". You are completely correct on that front.
As previously stated, my response on this message board is a rarity, but the comments posted were just too interesting to not warrant a response from the author, so in that vein I thank you all for your continued interest, debate, and even scorn, because the wonderful thing about social forums such as this is precisely why I enjoy writing in a country where everyone of us is allowed to say whatever we feel like without any fear of repercussion or recourse (other than, of course, the somewhat heated arguments which arise whenever one chooses to say something that others may deem "incendiary").
C. R. S. Lyles
• S
• March 8, 2011
I'm probably going to catch hell for this, but I'm not at the point yet where I'm overly upset with being segregated. Call me a Pipe-smoking Uncle Tom, to continue the extended metaphor in this thread, but I don't want to smoke my pipe aroud non-smokers. I used to smoke cigarettes. Now, the smell disgusts me and I want to be as far away from cigarette smoke as possible. To me, my pipe smells nice, but it still emits smoke that someone else may not want to breathe. I choose to smoke my pipe; they don't. So, I like compromise: I smoke my pipe away from the people who don't want to be near it, just as I don't want the cigarette smokers near me. Just as long as I have a place where I can enjoy my pipe, alone or with others who choose to smoke a pipe, I'm happy. We have rights, and so do non-smokers, so we need to focus on the compromise, if we're going to make everyone happy.
Now, should hospitals or other workplaces have the right to discriminate against smokers or other lifestyle choices? Absolutely not (within reason). This, I admit, is ridiculous. I do see the point of the article that some parts of society are going way too far. I still think the way to battle the idiots is with intelligence and moderation. I can't recall anywhere in history where using extremism to fight extremism has been overly effective. If I'm wrong, could someone please correct me? Malcolm X eventually converted to Dr. King's methodology.
• P
• March 8, 2011
I happened to walk through our family room while my wife was watching "Glee" tonight. One of the girls (I guess she;s the class "dummy") said ,"I get all of my information from Woody Woodpecker catoons." I think our politicians must watch them too.
• V
• March 29, 2011
i dont agree with comparing smokers to racial discrimanation, i think that it is wrong to do so. we smoke a perfectly legal substance. that is a substance that helped America grow and prosper. it would be like firing someone for having a beer and then making them take a breath test. who cares what we do in our personal lives away from society.
• J
• March 30, 2011
Mr. Lyles, in his response, hit the nail on the head: "... pro-smoking rhetoric rarely (and I mean rarely) finds its way into an un-biased publication such as a newspaper or other periodical because the American public doesn’t wish to be enlightened concerning this great social injustice."
I found that out myself years ago in debating another problem in the newspaper. I gave it up because people just don't like to be proven wrong. Their deeply held beliefs based on a "Big Lie" seem to be impossible to overcome by logic and facts and figures. They don't want to consider it. "Sheeple" to the slaughter.
• O
• April 5, 2011
As an Architect, I deal with construction and construction companies. i once heard that it was a big complaint with foremen that pipe smokers spend more time lighting their pipes than they did working.
• O
• April 5, 2011
• PipesMagazine Approved Sponsor
• O
PipesMagazine Approved Sponsor
Country Squire Banner
|
10 Tips For a Water-Wise Garden This Summer
/ / 10 Tips For a Water Wise Garden This Summer
10 Tips For a Water Wise Garden This Summer
Whether you’re in the middle of a summer heat wave or are just having a dry spell, it is always smart to have a water wise garden.
Here are our top 10 hacks for creating a water wise garden.
1. Mulch, mulch, mulch
Keep the soil covered at all times. This protects your soil from drying out, supports the soil microbiology and suppresses weeds.
Use straw or other plants you can grow yourself, such as comfrey. You can also plant ground covers beneath fruit trees that will protect the soil. Remove weeds from around plants as they will compete for water. However if a bed is lying fallow, better it has weeds in it than bare soil.
2. Have an efficient watering system
Drip irrigation below the mulch is the most water-efficient method. Using a timer can help ensure you don’t overwater.
10 Tips For a Water-Wise Garden This Summer
3. Water in the early morning or late evening
This way the water has time to sink into the soil before the heat of the day.
4. Build up your soil
Make sure you have lots of organic matter in your soil by adding compost and manures. This allows the soil to retain the water when it rains rather than having it all run off.
5. Slow the water down
Build you beds on the contour (so that they run across the slope, not down it) so that when water does enter your garden, it seeps into the beds and doesn’t run off. You can also create swales that gather water and allow it to sink into the soil.
10 Tips For a Water-Wise Garden This Summer
6. Water less often but more thoroughly
This way the water goes down deep into the soil, encouraging roots to go deep too.
7. Aerate the soil
Use a broadfork or pitchfork to loosen the soil before you plant. Don’t turn the soil over as this destroys soil structure, just dig into the soil, push your fork back and forward a few times, then remove. This creates pathways into the soil for water to travel.
8. Temporary shade
In some climates the temperatures can get so high that plants get burnt by the sun. By creating shade for the plants, you can protect them on extreme weather days. This can be with polypipe and shade cloth or even an old beach umbrella.
mulching garden bed
9. Plant deciduous trees
Planting deciduous trees around the garden will create shade from the hot summer afternoon sun but won’t stop the precious winter sun. Keep an eye on the tree and make sure it isn’t competing with water from the plants themselves.
10. Collect water
Either install a rainwater tank or set up a greywater system, so that you can use your greywater from the house. Just be sure to use only garden-friendly products in the house.
What do you do in your garden? Share your tips in the comments below.
Similar Posts
1. I am converting my vegetable growing area to wicking beds. As far as water saving it needs only a fraction of the water l used to use.
The other benefits include no tree root invasion, better control of use of nutrients, built at a height to save on stooping and get as good if not better harvests.
Leave a Reply to James Cancel reply
|
Quranic Botanic Garden raises awareness about environmental conservation
Photo by Asmahan Qarjouli.
The Quranic Botanic Garden, located outside the Education City clubhouse, aims to increase awareness about the plants mentioned in the Qur’an and environmental conservation. The garden, currently undergoing research, so far has 60 plants mentioned in the Holy Quran and the Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) hadith, in addition to other species.
Sheikha Moza bint Nasser launched the plant nursery in 2008, which is now open to the public and visitors can schedule a tour on the website. Researchers aim to study specific Qur’anic plants and understand their scientific and religious importance. They place these plants away from their main habitats to understand how to preserve them, using ex situ conservation.
“We try to conserve them in and out their natural habitats to create more of them in order to sustain them,” according to Ahmed El-Gharib, assistant researcher at the Quranic Botanic Garden.
Fatima Saleh Al-Khulaifi, project manager at the garden, said seemingly commonplace plants have important religious meanings, such as the sesame. “Before the plant sprouts, its seeds are dark brown. Later, after it is dried and compressed, the seeds become light and white. [In Islam] they are seen as a metaphor for one’s good deeds,” said Khulaifi. She added this reflects the idea that while a person might have committed several sins in their life, if they continue to have faith in Allah and practice good deeds, they can attain heaven.
All the plants in the nursery, from black sesame plants to Sidra trees, have a role in human life and are used to remind people of their duty towards the environment, Khulaifi said.
Several verses in the Qur’an and hadith have also demonstrated the importance of environmental preservation, making it a religious duty. An example is a verse from Surat Al-Nahl from the Holy Quran, “It is He who sends down rain from the sky; from it is drink and from it is foliage in which you pasture [animals]” [16:10].
At the garden, plants are conserved and grown in greenhouses and incubators. The greenhouses have automatic controllable ceilings which open and close to limit sun exposure. Each setting is meticulously managed so plants can be looked after from the beginning of their growth. Extracts are then taken from them so they may be studied.
In order to encourage the local community to plant their own food, the Quranic Botanic Garden has created a food security program. It also encourages students to submit their planet research as part of their environmental research contest. Additionally, the garden also offers the Fun & Learn Program at Oxygen Park to encourage school children to recycle and to educate them about the importance of plants.
“When some kids are asked where the plants they eat come from, their answer tends to be Carrefour,” said Khulaifi, adding that the program hopes to change this.
The plants are also cultivated to spark discussions about food security and the environment and remind individuals that these issues should be collectively solved.
While there is a religious role in conserving plants, there is also a scientific role, which we are working on, to research the importance of plants in curing us from, for example, headaches and injuries,” said Al-Khulaifi.
The Quranic Botanic Garden is currently a plant nursery that later will be moved to Oxygen Park. However, there is no specific schedule in place for the final completion and opening of the garden, according to Muna Al-Sulaiti, project manager at Qatar Foundation’s Capital Projects.
Facebook Comments Box
|
Over a couple of years, the United States of America has always opened its borders in accepting refugees from other countries, maybe due to individuals who may be fleeing persecution or for those whose country is at war. America has been home to thousands of refugees all over the world. During World war II, America welcomed individuals who were escaping from communist in Europe and Asia, the United States has tried its best to protect refugees who are under the International Humanitarian Law. Right from the year 1980, the United States government moves several ad hoc approaches which is a standardized system that is used for vetting and accepting refugees, and these systems are still used today.
Recently, the number of the United State refugee program has begun to fluctuate. However, the war that broke out in Syria has resulted in a huge spike in the number of the immigration program. Such migration has increased the scrutiny of policymakers in the Middle East during the administration of Barack Obama. However, during the tenure of Donald J. Trump the scrutiny had been banned, therefore refusing to accept some refugees from certain countries.
How many refugees are allowed into the United State of America?
The number of refugees that have been admitted into the country has greatly reduced from 200,000 in 1980 to 22,500 around 2018. The level of refugee admission has always fluctuated, especially during the collapse of the Soviet Union, but in recent times it can’t be compared. There are always annual meetings deliberating on the number of refugees that can be admitted into the country. In 2016, during the administration of President Barrack Obama, he made efforts to increase the ceiling of approved refugees allowed by five thousand, this was done to emphasize the migration crisis that was going on which was caused by the conflict in Syria. He then later proposed that the United States set a ceiling for 110,000 refugees for the year 2017.
Where are these refugees coming from?
Most of the time, the United States of America receives refugees from Asia, Africa, Europe, and also Latin America, however, the number has changed since the resettlement program was created. At the beginning of 1989, there has been an increase in refugee admittance to the U.S from the former Soviet Union Countries. During this time, The largest number of refugees come from countries like Iraq, Myanmar, Bhutan, etc. As of 2018, the countries with the highest number of refugees came from countries like Myanmar, Bhutan, Ukraine, and the DRC.
In 2017, during the administration of President Donald J. Trump, he ordered that there would be a temporary prohibition of some Muslim-majority countries like Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Syria, Yemen, Somalia, etc. Trump has not been a fan of the resettlement deal that was made by Obama and the Australian government agreeing to take 1,250 extra refugees that were held in detention centers, and some of these refugees are from Iran and Somalia, making these countries affected by the third iteration of the travel ban.
|
Abolishing ICE Could Solve Many National Issues
As the government heads toward another possible shutdown, immigration remains one of the most polarizing issues in Congress. Before the last shutdown, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi spoke for eight straight hours in a filibuster to “defend DACA,” yet the same debate is still occurring more than a month later and there is no solution in sight.
Although DACA is certainly critical for protecting young immigrants in the U.S., it is a shortsighted and temporary fix to a much larger problem in the U.S. — the criminalization of immigrants and the existence of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
ICE was created in 2003 as part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in response to the 9-11 attacks. Its primary mission, according to their website, is to “promote homeland security and public safety,” but ICE has in fact wreaked havoc on communities across the U.S.
As deportations soared to record levels during former President Obama’s first term, many began to question the efficacy and humanity of ICE’s deportation and incarceration programs. Only then was DACA signed into law as an assurance to activists and immigrants that their children would be protected. Regardless of those protections, ICE’s goal remains the same: the “100 percent removal of all removable aliens” in the United States. In other words, their mission is not complete until every person without proper paperwork is hunted down and forced out of the country.
Those who defend ICE typically do so on the grounds that “illegal immigrants” pose a legitimate threat to the security of the U.S. Those arguments ignore a substantial amount of research which concludes the opposite is true. For starters, many studies have shown immigrants are less likely to commit crimes than those born in the U.S. In addition, studies from the UCSD and the Center for American Progress found that cities where local authorities refuse to share data with ICE about undocumented immigrants — known as “sanctuary cities” — are safer than cities who do share data, and they have stronger economies as well.
Unfortunately, the data means nothing to President Trump, who has consistently insinuated that the U.S.-Mexico border is a pipeline for gangsters, rapists, murderers and terrorists. The DHS has already undergone a significant expansion, and even explored ways to operate without congressional oversight. To make matters worse, Trump recently announced a plan to pay a private firm for each new officer it helps ICE hire, with the goal of adding 16,000 new agents.
ICE is becoming more brutal as well. Numerous stories have gone viral describing ICE arrests without warrants or probable cause. In Washington, a man called 911 to report a trespasser, but when authorities showed up they arrested him instead on the suspicion that he was undocumented. Although total deportations are actually down compared to Obama’s time in office, arrest rates are increasing, which suggests that immigrants are spending more time in “detention centers.” One estimate found that over 35 thousand immigrants were detained on an average day in 2017, including children.
If you follow the money, the motive for the rapid expansion of ICE becomes much clearer. One look at the stocks of CEO Group — the biggest private prison company in the U.S. — reveals that Trump’s immigration agenda is a gold mine for companies who profit from incarceration. The President of CoreCivic, another private prison giant, explicitly stated that increasing arrests and decreasing deportations is good for business. Perhaps as a thank you gift, both CEO Group and CoreCivic gave $250 thousand to Trump’s inaugural celebrations.
In the search for profits, private prison corporations have an incentive to cut corners, which often means that immigrants are housed in conditions ranging from uncomfortable to downright unsafe. CEO group is currently facing allegations that immigrants were forced to do labor for one dollar per day. Since detainees are not citizens, there are no standards for living conditions, healthcare or legal services. That is a recipe for the exploitation of vulnerable people who have no legal redress.
It is time to radically rethink how we approach immigration in the U.S. From day one, ICE has been an institution that tears apart immigrant families in the name of security, despite a lack of data which suggests they are a threat. Trump has proposed a series of bold immigration policies from the Muslim ban to the border wall, and those who resist his agenda need a similarly audacious idea. DACA can provide a temporary fix, but the past months show the limitations of band-aid solutions. Only abolishing ICE could immediately defang the right’s radical agenda and send a signal that immigrants will not be treated like criminals.
|
We do know that COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a newly recognized member of the coronavius family that appears to primarily infect humans.
Other coronaviruses are responsible for things like colds in humans. However, each member of a viral family is different from each other.
This particular coronavirus is spreading rapidly because humans don’t yet have immunity built up in our populations. This is why practicing social distancing, disinfecting surfaces, and washing your hands are important to slow the spread of the virus throughout our community.
Possibly. According to the CDC, “there has been at least one case where a dog tested positive for the virus after being exposed to an infected human. However, human-to-pet transmission seems to be quite rare.”
My pet has an appointment, but I’m not feeling well.
If I’m sick, how should I care for my pets?
The CDC recommends tat if possible, “have another member of your household care for your animals while you are sick. If you must care for your pet or be around animals while you are sick, wash your hands before and after you interact with pets and wear a face mask.”
According to the CDC, “you should restrict contact with pets and other animals while you are sick with COVID-19, just like you would around other people. Although there have not been reports of pets and other animals becoming sick with COVID-19 limit contact with animals until more information is know about the virus.” Additionally, any pet you interact with could act as a fomite (a virus-contaminated surface) and carry the virus to other locations or humans.
As with so many things in life, exercising common sense and some extra care, staying home, plus lots of hand washing and sanitizing, will benefit us all.
Please let us know if you have COVID-19 questions or concerns specific to your pet.
Your friends at Allandale Veterinary Clinic
|
Plasticity in dormancy behaviour of Calanoides acutus in Antarctic coastal waters
Copepods that enter dormancy, such as Calanoides acutus, are key primary consumers in Southern Ocean food webs where they convert a portion of the seasonal phytoplankton biomass into a longer-term energetic and physiological resource as wax ester (WE) reserves. We studied the seasonal abundance and lipid profiles of pre-adult and adult C. acutus in relation to phytoplankton dynamics on the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Initiation of dormancy occurred when WE unsaturation was relatively high, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations, predominantly attributable to diatoms, were reducing. Declines in WE unsaturation during the winter may act as a dormancy timing mechanism with increased Chl a concentrations likely to promote sedimentation that results in a teleconnection between the surface and deep water inducing ascent. A late summer diatom bloom was linked to early dormancy termination of females and a second spawning event. The frequency and duration of high biomass phytoplankton blooms may have consequences for the lifespan of the iteroparous C. acutus females (either 1 or 2 years) if limited by a total of two main spawning events. Late summer recruits, generated by a second spawning event, likely benefitted from lower predation and high phytoplankton food availability. The flexibility of copepods to modulate their life-cycle strategy in response to bottom-up and top-down conditions enables individuals to optimize their probability of reproductive success in the very variable environment prevalent in the Southern Ocean.
Publication status:
Authors: Biggs, Tristan E.G., Brussaard, Corina P.D., Evans, Claire ORCIDORCID record for Claire Evans, Venables, Hugh J., Pond, David W.
On this site: Hugh Venables
1 September, 2020
ICES Journal of Marine Science / 77
Link to published article:
|
What exactly is a COVID-19 vaccine ‘breakthrough’ case?
FILE- A health care worker fills a syringe with the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, Thursday, July 22, 2021, at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. The number of Americans getting a COVID-19 vaccine has been rising in recent days as virus cases once again surge and officials raise dire warnings about the consequences of remaining unvaccinated. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer, File)
What is a COVID-19 vaccine “breakthrough” case?
It’s when a fully vaccinated person gets infected with the coronavirus.
|
Shopping Cart
Your Cart is Empty
There was an error with PayPalClick here to try again
Experience the Joy of learning
The Joule School
Experience Something Amazing!
Traditional, worksheet-based education is not right for everyone. If you feel that your child would perform better and be happier in a challenging, hands-on classroom, apply today.
What We Look For
Joule exists to serve the gifted community. There are several ways that giftedness manifests, all of which we celebrate here at our school. Here are just a few examples of the type of students we admit:
The Builders
Some students seem to have a knack for designing and constructing machines. They also seem to have a knack for dismantling them - like your computer, the vacuum, the toaster, and maybe even the plumbing in your bathroom if they can get their hands on it. Every small piece of string or scrap of plastic seems to find its way into their pockets to be used for a project later. They might not be interested in traditional schooling and their grades may be mediocre, but if you asked them to build a machine to transport your cat down the stairs, they would do it, and it would be like no machine anyone had ever seen before.
The Artists
Some students cannot seem to stop creating art or performance pieces, even though you desperately need them to spend at least a few minutes on boring, practical things like remembering to put on pants. Their spelling tests come home covered with pictures of unicorns, or you ask them to clean their room and find them conducting a magic show instead. They seem to have an unlimited reserve of ideas in their heads, and they might seem much more interested in those ideas than the world around them. They love music, painting, dance, and creative writing.
The Academics
Given a task or worksheet, these students will fly through it and then wait - and wait - until their teacher gives them more work to do, or they'll pull out a book and start teaching themselves advanced math or Greek mythology. They might procrastinate just to give a bit of extra challenge to a project (or just because they don't think the work is interesting or challenging enough). They may have difficulty making friends because students their age aren't interested in the same things. While they do well in school, they might be bored, frustrated, or irritated if they are not allowed to learn material at their own pace, and instead have to kill time between lessons.
There are many more types of gifted kids in the world, and we welcome them all here at the school!
eligibility faq
Here are a few things you should know about the admissions requirements below:
1. All ages are a RECOMMENDED GUIDELINE. Your child will be evaluated holistically and a program determination made based on their academic, emotional, and social level, not their physical age.
2. Joule is a school for gifted children, but that does not always mean "academic whiz kids." Dual exceptionalities and giftedness in non-academic areas such as the arts are normal here. The curriculum is rigorous, but it is also tailored to each student's academic level. We look for creativity and self-motivation in applicants; they do not need to be on the honor roll.
3. We accept the following evidence of giftedness for students 6 and older: traditional IQ tests, prior enrollment in a public GT, TAG, or GATE program, or portfolio evaluation (contact the School for more information, as portfolio requirements vary by age). For students 5 and younger, we look for the ability to be successful in our primary program, which includes academic and socioemotional readiness.
Requirements by Age
Ages 3-6
We do not require IQ testing for children 6 and under. Young children are instead evaluated on their academic and developmental readiness for our curriculum and schedule.
There are two options for young children at Joule. Kindergarten is our base program for students who do not yet know how to read, and students in Kinder are typically 3-5 years old. Bridge is an advanced program for students capable of lower elementary work, but who are too young or otherwise developmentally unready for the full-day schedule of the elementary classes. Students in Bridge are usually 5-7 years old, but may enter sooner based on academic and social aptitude.
We do not have a preschool or daycare program on campus, and therefore all students must demonstrate a basic readiness for kindergarten-level work in order to be accepted. To apply for Kindergarten, your child must be at least 2 1/2 years old, able to count objects to at least 20 independently, and know their entire alphabet and letter-sound associations. Students must be potty trained to the point where they require no assistance at the toilet and no longer take naps.
If your child can already read and compute above a kindergarten level, even if they are under age 5, then they will be evaluated for enrollment into Bridge instead. Bridge students have a slightly longer school day with additional academic classes, so they must show social and developmental readiness for the advanced schedule.
Students who are developmentally in between programs are enrolled in Kinder and can float to Bridge for specific subjects.
Ages 7+
Students in the elementary grades and higher must be evaluated for giftedness before applying to Joule. Most parents provide us with independent IQ test results, available from local psychologists, and/or evidence of enrollment in a public school gifted program. Either of these will fulfill the admission requirement.
For IQ testing, we only require that a student score in the 98th percentile in one or more subtests, as is the case for Mensa admission. Many times, a student will score in the 98th percentile only in a single subtest such as Visual-Spatial ability, and those scores do qualify - that child is a Builder! The WISC-V is the most common test used for evaluation at Joule, but we can accept others - please contact the school for questions about individual test types and results.
Families who do not have these documents can request a portfolio review and on-campus academic testing. The fee for this evaluation is $500, and the school may request standardized test results, copies of artistic or written work, or other documentation as part of the review. The most unique portfolio we've received included a video of the student performing a magic show, so do not hold back! We welcome the opportunity to learn more about your child and determine if Joule might be a place where they can thrive academically, socially, and emotionally.
|
A vacation, is a period of time away from a particular work, or even a certain trip or travel, usually for the sole purpose of tourism or recreation. People tend to take a vacation at certain times of the year, mostly during certain vacation observances or celebrations. Vacations can also be spent with extended family or friends. The term “vacation” may sometimes be used in a more generic sense, to refer to any time away from work. This is especially common during emergency situations such as a worker’s compensation or other similar benefits, when people can take their vacations anytime they want.
VACATION – An employee’s vacation is paid time off after the completion of his or her work week, and is generally at a different work site. Vacation for most employees includes travel time (to and from the work location), rest and relaxation time (lodging, eating, and entertainment), and time off work. The employee’s vacation time adds additional hours to the employee’s regular working week. In some cases, vacation time adds additional hours to the regular work week of an employee. VACATION is one of those circumstances that, when used in the context of an employment agreement, can be legally considered a form of income.
VACATION – Vacations, like lunches, were once free for employees. Health benefits provided by companies have made health plans for vacations increasingly available. A typical vacation includes hotel accommodation, meals, entertainment, and transportation costs. For some, vacation time adds additional hours to their regular work week.
VACATION – There is a lot of confusion in reference to the term “vacation.” Vacations that occur outside of a person’s normal work pattern are referred to as “annual leave.” “Vacation” is the shortened version of annual leave. Most employees take at least 1 year off per annum, but some companies may allow more or less depending on an individual employee’s situation. Some companies also allow for paid holidays and sick leave.
VACATION – All employees should be encouraged and expected, by their employer, to spend as much time as possible on work related activities. One way to encourage employees to use their time off more productively is to create a policy that states that all vacation days are paid time off. The employee would then be expected to either use the vacation days for traveling, seeing the family, spending time with co-workers, etc. Creating policies such as this could have a positive impact on the amount of time that employees use their vacation days.
VACATION – Unlimited vacation is often difficult to achieve for some employees because of cost. The best way for employers to achieve this is to allow their employees to accrue vacation time like they would for sick days. Each week employees should be allowed unlimited access to vacation and sick days. Once these days are used, the employee should be given the option to continue using their vacation days without charging for it. Employers should implement this policy with no limit to how many days one can accrue.
|
What Is Nanotechnology And Fluorocarbon?
What Is Nanotechnology And Fluorocarbon?
We are living in a throwaway society where products are manufactured cheaply and not made to last. Not many of us can afford to replace all the things we own every few years, nor do we want to, this has given us the chance to look at different preservative technologies. The utilization of Nanotechnology and Fluorocarbon has become a technique renowned for product coating, and Nasiol uses nanotechnology instead of fluorocarbon.
Fluorocarbon is a material which is scientifically enhanced, combining characteristics from PTFE, or trademarks of PTFE which are Teflon, Xylan, and Emralon. It is the substance coating materials employ to increase the chemical reactivity of its subject against depreciative effects like rust and corrosion.
It can be applied to an object by spraying, dipping, or any of the usual painting techniques. The coating’s potential to lubricate at room temperatures of up to 200 °C make it advantageous, even for high-end aerospace applications. The coating is also capable of repelling liquid on a microscopic scale, meaning it is functional for numerous nautical and automotive applications.
Source: AzoNano
Lost Password
|
Japan dating customs
Japan has four major islands: Hokkaido (in the north), Honshu (the central and most populous island), Shikoku, and Kyushu (both in the south).
Additionally, the nation controls Okinawa at its southernmost end and 6,847 minor islands in the overall archipelago.
In economic terms, the Meiji Restoration brought Japan into a period of swift industrialization, the introduction of previously unknown technology, and governmental encouragement of global trade.
Following the Meiji Restoration, Japan began to expand in other areas besides economics.
Japan is an ancient civilization, dating back at least to 660 BC when the first Japanese emperor was enthroned.
By the 11th century, Japan had perfected its famous samurai tradition based on powerful military classes.
Japan has 11 cities with populations of more than I million.The rule of the shogunates went on for hundreds of years, reaching its most powerful manifestation under the Tokugawa shogunate, which dominated Japan from 1603 to 1867.It was the Tokugawa shogunate that intentionally sent Japan off into isolation, severing Japan from foreign trade.Limited immigration and centuries of nearly total isolation have resulted in a population that is over 97 percent Japanese in ethnicity.From this extreme homogeneity, Japan has evolved into a society with an unusual degree of cultural and behavioral uniformity.
Search for japan dating customs:
japan dating customs-33
Leave a Reply
One thought on “japan dating customs”
|
Romania’s indigenous Hungarian population is increasingly demanding autonomy from central authorities.
Clashes between the Romanian and Hungarian communities in Romania have brought to the fore latent ethnic and sectarian divisions over history and identity that threaten to deepen tensions between the two neighbours.
The largely Catholic Hungarian minority has been at odds with the Orthodox Romanian majority and both communities have seen nationalists on both sides clash.
Hungarian Foreign Minister Peter Szijjarto and his Romanian counterpart Teodor Melescanu spoke on Monday by phone in a bid to calm interethnic tensions between the Bulgarian and Romanian communities in Romania.
Tensions flared up at the Valea Uzului military cemetery in Harghita County, central Romania, with hundreds of Hungarian protestors preventing the inauguration of a Romanian cemetery.
The Romanian government had decided to erect 52 concrete crosses and one large Orthodox cross alongside a larger World War One Cemetery, which holds 600 Austrian-Hungarian graves.
The largely Roman Catholic community, composed mainly of Hungarians, found the actions to be provocative.
The Hungarian government summoned the Romanian Ambassador to Hungary, who refused to show up. The Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Levente Magyar called the events an “anti-Hungarian provocation.”
Efforts by the Romanian government to make additions to what was previously a Hungarian site are likely to be part of an effort to stamp the authority of the state in areas that it deems as likely seeking autonomy.
History of tensions
The Hungarian population of Romania stands at more than 1.2 million, or 6.1 percent of the population.
The restive population is represented by three main Hungarian parties, the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the Popular Hungarian party in Transylvania, and the Hungarian Civic Party, which in 2018 launched a joint bid to demand local autonomy from central authorities.
The Transylvania region was lost by Hungary to Romania in 1918, at the end of World War I, as the Austro-Hungarian Empire was at the losing end of the war.
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban’s nationalist government has been increasingly stoking national sentiment amongst Hungarians bordering Hungary. The Romanian government has viewed the intentions of the Hungarian government with great suspicion.
Hungarians living in Romania have demanded that the Hungarian language should be used in areas where 10 percent of the local population speaks the language, as opposed to the current 20 percent.
The Romanian government has seen the efforts as a long-term attempt to weaken the central government's control of these areas.
Even though both countries are inside the EU, Romania is not yet in the Schengen Visa-free zone which allows those within the EU to move freely.
The Hungarian government has set about providing Hungarians living outside its borders with passports that could help them leave Romania.
Orban and his party have publicly stated that they will continue to support the Hungarian community in Romania, which could only inflame future tensions.
Source: TRT World
|
RTOS Introduction with Arduino
ArduinoArduino BoardsArduino IDEArduino Programming Language
RTOS stands for Real Time Operating System. It is used to run multiple tasks concurrently, schedule them as required, and enable them to share resources. Now, while getting into the details of RTOS is out of the scope of this article, we will walk through an example that will give you a fair idea of RTOS. For now, you can just note that RTOS will help you perform multi-tasking within your Arduino, just like how the OS on your machine helps you run multiple tasks (like writing mails, listening to music, etc.) simultaneously.
Now, since we are concerned with microcontrollers, we will use FreeRTOS, which is RTOS for embedded devices. Basically, it is designed to be small enough to support microcontrollers. You can read more about FreeRTOS here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeRTOS
Now, to get started with FreeRTOS on Arduino, we will first need an external library. Go to Tools -> Manage Libraries and search for FreeRTOS.
You will see the library by Richard Barry. As mentioned, it works for Uno, Nano, Leonardo and Mega boards. We are using the Uno board, so we will install this library.
Now, once the library is installed, you will be able to see all the example codes related to this library in File -> Examples.
You are encouraged to go through all the examples to further understand FreeRTOS. We will walk through one of the examples: Blink_AnalogRead.
As you can see, we first include the library
#include <Arduino_FreeRTOS.h>
Later, we declare two tasks, Blink task and AnalogRead task.
void TaskBlink( void *pvParameters );
void TaskAnalogRead( void *pvParameters );
Note that this takes in pvParameters pointer as an input. We will come back to this later.
Next comes the important setup part.
void setup() {
// initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
while (!Serial) {
; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB, on LEONARDO, MICRO, YUN, and other 32u4 based boards.
// Now set up two tasks to run independently.
, "Blink" // A name just for humans
, 128 // This stack size can be checked & adjusted by reading the Stack Highwater
, NULL
, NULL );
, "AnalogRead"
, 128 // Stack size
, NULL
, 1 // Priority
, NULL
Pay attention to all the comments in this part.
We first initialize serial and then wait for it to get initialized.
Then, we create the task using xTaskCreate. Now, xTaskCreate has the following syntax −
• pvTaskCode is the name of the function that executes the task (TaskBlink and TaskAnalogRead).
• pcName is the name of the task (as mentioned in the comments, just for human reference)
• usStackDepth is the number of words that are allocated to the task’s stack. Please refer to the datasheet of your board to determine how many bytes is equal to one word
• pvParameters are the parameters to be passed to the created task. You remember the pvParameters arguments at the time of declaring the tasks? These are where they come from. Say you want to pass in the number 1 to the task. You can do it by passing (void *) 1 to pvParameters argument of xTaskCreate
• uxPriority defines the priority of the task. Higher the number, more is the priority
• pxCreatedTask is the task handle. This is optional and you can pass in NULL. Its purpose is to reference the task in other parts of the code.
Once our tasks have been created, as mentioned in the comments, the task scheduler automatically gets started. Next, our loop is empty, since we are executing our code in tasks.
Finally, the functions for the two tasks are defined.
(void) pvParameters;
Most Arduinos have an on-board LED you can control. On the UNO, LEONARDO, MEGA, and ZERO, it is attached to digital pin 13, on MKR1000 on pin 6. LED_BUILTIN takes care of use the correct LED pin whatever is the board used.
The MICRO does not have a LED_BUILTIN available. For the MICRO board please substitute the LED_BUILTIN definition with either LED_BUILTIN_RX or LED_BUILTIN_TX. e.g. pinMode(LED_BUILTIN_RX, OUTPUT); etc.
This example code is in the public domain.
modified 8 May 2014
by Scott Fitzgerald
modified 2 Sep 2016
by Arturo Guadalupi
// initialize digital LED_BUILTIN on pin 13 as an output.
(void) pvParameters;
Graphical representation is available using serial plotter (Tools > Serial Plotter menu)
This example code is in the public domain.
for (;;)
// read the input on analog pin 0:
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
// print out the value you read:
The comments within the tasks explain the code very well. Please note that within tasks, instead of delay(), we use vTaskDelay() within tasks. vTaskDelay(1) introduces a delay of 1 tick. Now, 1 tick may or may not correspond to 1ms. As mentioned in the comments of the AnalogRead task, 1 tick corresponds to 15ms. It depends on the clock frequency of the board. In order to get the delay time in ms, we can divide the time in ms with the portTICK_PERIOD_MS constant. As done in the TaskBlink, the delay of 1 second is realized with the following command: vTaskDelay( 1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS );
You can read more about freeRTOS here: https://www.freertos.org/
Published on 24-Mar-2021 05:45:44
|
new coal exploration methods
It is become the conjunct developing direction in international society to develop low carbon economy with scientific supporting. And coal mine is usually produced by high carbon company, so it’s a great question to adopt low carbon economy development, which require immediately solve.
The coal resource exploiting produce vast high carbon product on one side, on the other side, it caused mine area ecological pollution with environment waste such as vast waste water, gas and slag in producing process. The ejected gangue will have spontaneous combustion, which eject vast toxic gases and greenhouse gases. The exploiting causes land dig and loss. The collapse land directly pollutes environment. For a long time, the mine industry gives us a reflection that gangue pile high, earth surface is loss and collapsed as well as polluted water running all around the mine, etc.
Coal industry develops at the cost of destroy ecological environment. So, the key point for coal industry low carbon developing is changing developing manner, which is scientific developing. We should obey the rule of low carbon economy and recycling economy design and demand with its new manufacturing managing ways, which respects on the following six aspects:
1. Increase innovation of mining geology and exploiting technology as well as resources utilization rate;
2. Strengthen reclamation management of coal mine area ecological environment and restoration, achieving mining simultaneous with management.
3. Adjust industrial structure, increase beneficiation, pit power generation and mine waste compound utilization and achieve recycling economy.
4. As a whole new developing pattern of low carbon economy, low emission is not only the strategic choice, but also is the option for mine industry with continuous develop. We should change high energy consumption, high pollution and low efficient developing model into low energy consumption, low pollution and low emission developing method. And the first developing manner choice will be resource saving, environment friendly low carbon developing pattern;
5. Increase innovation of underground mine filing technology and decrease coal gangue occupying area and environmental pollution.
6. Strengthen analyzing of mine area water resources and protect mine water compound handling and utilization to achieve water resource protective exploiting and mine water zero emission.
Low carbon economy is a great progress from industrial civilization to ecological civilization. The building of low carbon ecological mining is combine put human environment, ecological environment, resource environment and technology economic environment together. Rebuild the mine exploiting with low carbon and environmental industrial system at minimum cost to achieve maximum resource and economy profit. After the extracting, using minimum end management make mine engineering and ecological environment as a whole.
This entry was posted in Coal Crusher, Crushing Plant and tagged , . Bookmark the permalink.
|
Pill-Free Ways to Beat the Winter Blues
Source: Christopher Furlong / Getty Images
1. Get a light box
Light therapy is an effective method to treat seasonal affective disorder if it’s administered every day for several weeks in a row, research shows. Depressed patients who were not receiving any treatment used a light box in the winter. They showed significant improvement in mood, especially when exposed to white light for 40 minutes a day. Light boxes work because bright light stimulates the retina, which has cells connected to the hypothalamus, which is important for regulating one’s circadian rhythm. Stimulating the hypothalamus helps restore a normal circadian rhythm, alleviating SAD symptoms.
Source: Philips Communications / Flickr
2. Invest in a dawn simulator
A dawn simulator makes lights and alarm clocks turn on over a set period of time. Studies have shown that dawn simulation, that resembles natural light, and high-density negative air ionization are effective antidepressant methods that can be considered instead of medication. Separate research has also found that dawn simulation reduces the severity of depression symptoms. An experiment comparing bright light therapy and dawn simulation found both methods to be almost equally effective, but more people slightly preferred the former.
Source: iStock / Getty Images Plus
3. Eat the right foods
Food doesn’t only give you energy, it also affects your mood. Foods that are rich in trans fats, such as candy and cookies, provide a very short relief. They can damage your your mood and your physical health in the long run. Trans-fatty acids mess with cell membranes, causing an adverse effect on the brain. Fish, Brazil nuts, dark chocolate and berries are good choices to boost your mood. As a general rule, you want to eat healthy foods that are rich in color, because that indicates they are also rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that “feed” the brain and protect it from oxidative stress.
Source: bernardbodo / Getty Images
4. Go for walks and exercise
Running and other aerobic activity are known to release “feel-good” endorphins, which are chemicals in the brain that help regulate mood. Exercise has been linked to significant reductions in depression severity. The increased rate of oxygen consumption is one possible explanation. Exercising outdoors is even better because you get the extra benefit of natural light. Research has shown exercise to be an effective treatment for depression, improving symptoms as much as pills or psychotherapy. Even moderately active people are less likely to be depressed. There is also some evidence that strength training may be effective.
Source: g-stockstudio / Getty Images
5. Listen to a lot of upbeat music
Studies have shown that music therapy helps with seasonal affective disorder symptoms in elderly patients. People can become happier when listening to cheery music, but they have to make an effort. Participants who listened to music while actively trying to feel better reported higher levels of happiness after two weeks, compared to those who just listened to music.
|
Sleep Apnea Jefferson – Does Snoring Impact Health?
Are you asking on your own, “Does snoring influence health and wellness?” If so, it may be time to take a significant look at your way of life as well as behaviors that are adding to snoring. It is fairly feasible that what you have actually been doing all your life adds to the nightly sound. Probably this is why many people get up so early in the early morning. No matter the reason, it is essential to recognize that snoring adversely affects your health and also can even result in higher health dangers.
Some individuals have no concept that snoring is an issue. While others are more knowledgeable about the effects. As an example, if you are someone who snores really loud, yet you’re not overweight, you may not think of it in regards to the relationship in between snoring and weight-loss. However if you’re obese, you could see that snoring is adding to your weight issue. So, although you could assume that snoring does not influence you that much, it can be to somebody else.
The 2nd question is, “What are the sources of snoring?” There are a variety of reasons why individuals snore, such as nasal blockage, allergies, sinus infections and also excessive fat down payments under the eyes. Various other causes of snoring are alcohol or substance abuse, smoking cigarettes, poor muscle mass tone and also excessive weight. In addition to these physical causes, snoring has now become connected with sleep apnea. With sleep apnea, an individual can stop taking a breath several times per evening which interrupts their normal sleeping pattern.
Sleep apnea is a condition that happens when the airway becomes narrower than typical during sleep. This tightens the flow whereby air flows from the lungs to the mind, causing the individual to stop taking a breath for a couple of seconds and then start once more. If sleep apnea is left neglected, it can result in a permanently modified breathing pattern, which can ultimately lead to fatality. However, if the rest apnea is treated, it can considerably reduce the threat of a person getting apoplexy.
An additional concern that people inquire about the question “Does snoring impact health?” is the result of snoring on general health. When an individual snores, he or she may experience fatigue, sleepiness during the day, frustrations, irritability as well as tension. Some individuals have also reported experiencing memory loss and occasional clinical depression.
Snoring can also influence an expecting lady’s health and wellness, because snoring may disrupt the infant. Many individuals have actually found that snoring during pregnancy can trigger an elevated risk of reduced birth weight as well as developmental troubles. Some individuals who snore are likewise more probable to deal with stress and anxiety, anxiety, migraines as well as clinical depression. Too, snoring while pregnant has actually been connected with more constant miscarriages. Nevertheless, research studies have actually not verified that snoring is straight responsible for these losses. Sleep Apnea Jefferson
Studies have actually also shown that snoring can negatively influence the sex-related as well as charming life of an individual. A married person snores less than a non-snorer as well as a guy is most likely to launch a sex event if his partner snores. There are many partnerships in which the disloyalty has taken place because of a partner’s snoring, making it clear that snoring does without a doubt influence health and wellness in an adverse method.
It is necessary for an individual to address this question: Does snoring impact wellness? If the answer is indeed, after that a person must make sure to get treatment for the problem. Fortunately, there are numerous methods to deal with snoring. Adjustments in way of living, such as dropping weight, stopping smoking cigarettes, changing particular drugs and seeing a physician can all help. For those who are obese, slimming down can significantly decrease the indicators of snoring.
Various other snoring treatments consist of tools and surgical treatments. A snoring mouth piece may be suggested by your doctor if the cause of your snoring is enlarged tonsils. Such tools are typically made out of plastic and also are put on while you sleep, holding the jaw closed versus the throat. These are only short-lived actions as well as might need to be used for a long time to be reliable.
Surgical treatments, such as tonsillectomies and also adenoidectomies, are just carried out in extreme cases. Although surgical treatment can fix the cause of the snoring, it may likewise be dangerous. Not everybody is an excellent prospect for the surgical treatment. The person must also be able to rest without getting up in the middle of the night. If a person tries to go to sleep while the snoring is still present, then difficulties may occur.
It is hard to say whether or not snoring influences health. The factors behind everyone’s snoring is different. Some snorers have no obvious illness. Others have health and wellness complications as a result of their snoring. When individuals do come to be ill due to snoring, it might have something to do with the adverse effects of the snoring. For example, some snorers may have rest apnea, a resting problem, which can trigger significant difficulties. Sleep Apnea Jefferson
|
Touchable Universe Stage 2: develop Platform to build haptic learning programmes
Touchable Universe Project Stage 2: to develop Platform to aid building haptic learning programmes
In April last year our Touchable Universe Consortium completed a six months feasibility project funded by Innovate UK to explore the potential of haptic technology to improve learning outcomes. 6 months later we secured funding again from InnovateUK to take forward the development of Anarkik3D’s A-Frame platform to extend its capability as a development tool for application developers. This will enable embedding the sensation of touch into their products by combining haptic hardware with other software and hardware. What haptic technology does is to make the virtual universe touchable by enabling people to touch and feel digital information, and to interact and manipulate it in a 3 dimensional context via the physical effect of force feedback.
Teacher Alix experiencing 3D haptics
Teacher Alix experiencing 3D haptics
Quote from Alix, a teacher at Windsor Park Middle School, Uttoxeter, ‘One of the best ways for pupils to learn something, and remember something, is to experience it and this allows them to do that. ….. I honestly think that the whole package will become invaluable to schools and I just think it is really exciting, I really do!’ (Link to Video:
What a haptic learning programme offers is the opportunity to reinforce learning via physical experience of, for instance, scientific principles. It is now feasible to combine all forms of learning as here is the opportunity to incorporate such kinaesthetic learning as 3D haptic devices provide feedback and are unique as input-output devices. When combined with 3D audio-visual interfaces for the senses of stereo-vision and -sound , there is enormous potential for supporting good educational practice in art, physics, music, design, for improving learning and attainment, better learner outcomes, for feedback/measurement/assessment in an intuitive and enjoyably way. This facilitates the creation of the “virtual classroom”.
There is a clear momentum in the UK education sector for improvements in the learning process and the education suppliers’ sector is recognised as being at the forefront of innovation. There are significant opportunities for Touchable Universe to provide education related products and services to developers of learning programmes particularly as there are 3.1 million adult learners in further education and around 9.7 million school age children. Plus enrolments in primary and secondary education have risen from 400 million and 184 million in 1970 to 691 million and 544 million in 2010. It is to these 2 sectors that we are developing prototype haptic apps to test whether haptics will enhance the learning process for many children.
We demonstrated in the earlier feasibility project that it is practical to combine the different forms of learning by combining different technologies (e.g. 2D and 3D haptics for feedback/unique input-output devices, 3D audio-visual interfaces for the senses of stereo-vision and –sound) to incorporate kinaesthetic learning, and that there is a clear market want and value for this capability. In order to take the project further forward to achieve our underlying goal of improving learning outcomes, and to optimise the commercial value of the solutions being created, a beta product and demonstrators are being developed.
The first demonstrator will be tested in Schools in April/May this year so we are under some pressure now to get it to the stage where staff and pupils can work with it and evaluate its effect on learning.
|
My father-in-law has a five-bedroomed house with three bathrooms, two of which are in use. The household is gravity-fed with a cold water tank on the roof, and a gas-fired tankless water heater on the uppermost of three floors.
It is only possible for one shower or tap (faucet) to be used at a time without reducing pressure. If the kitchen sink is used (hot) then the shower can reduce to a trickle.
I have read that a second heater, connected in parallel, would permit a higher outlet pressure at the temperature of a single heater, but my father-in-law is suggesting the installation of a pump at some point in the system to permit more than one hot water fixture to be used at the same time.
Is this possible, and can anyone with experience offer some advice on the general setup?
N.B. the house is in Mexico, so specific product recommendations may or may not be helpful.
• Since the piping is gravity fed from a tank on the house, it will have very low pressure (say 15 psi) compared to a house on a city pressurized water system at 50 to 70 psi . You could put another tankless heater in parallel to feed the sink, but I would think it would be cheaper to use a pump to pressurize the entire water system. This would give increased flow rate at both the cold and the hot water delivery points. Jan 1 '18 at 20:54
sounds like you want more volume (gpm) of hot water ( thus,two tankless in parallel) because it takes energy (Btu) to make hot water. The heater will also limit its gpm output into the water pipe by the temperature you set. Look up the volume to hot water temperature curves for your rated Btu tankless heater. I think a big 200,000 Btu units can provide 6gpm of 115 F hot water and a smaller 60,000 Btu heater may only do 3gpm of 115 F hot water. If the kitchen is asking for all 6gpm of hot 115 F water, then all the other valves located after the kitchen valve will have no hot water from the water line. The 200 MBtu will make 7 gpm of warm water if the temperature is turned down (check the 90 F curve). Now, the kitchen gets 6gpm of 90 F water, and 1 gpm of 90 F water can go down the pipe for the next fixture. System with multiple loops of heaters installed closer to the fixtures, will fire on independently with no pressure lost. Parallel heaters will use more Btu and water if the the last fixture and heaters are far apart. These heater also have a minimal in coming water pressure to operate correctly, so a pump may help if placed before the heater.
• Hello, and welcome to Stack Exchange. It's a little hard to read this long paragraph of text, but it mostly focuses on heater capacity, when it sounds like the current limitation is the flow of water through the heating system due to pressure loss. Mar 2 '18 at 2:26
• By my read the answer gets right at the problem. Could be improved with some judicious formatting. This is the key sentence: "The heater will [limit it's output pressure] by the temperature you set.". So to improve pressure: install more heaters, install them closer to where you need hot water, and/or lower the temperature on the heater.
– Stanwood
Mar 5 '18 at 14:26
Most tankless water heaters have a lot (3–5 metres/10-16 ft) of relatively thin pipe in them for the heat exchanger. That adds significant flow resistance. The specification for most tankless water heaters specifies/suggests/presumes minimum water pressure of municipal systems, typically 40 psi (2.7 bar), though I know of one water-scarce area that offers up to 25 psi (1.7 bar).
In Rheem's specifications, they appear to assume a minimum supply pressure but assure adequate flow by specifying a maximum length of input and output pipe (400 feet for 3/4 inch and 100 feet for 1/2 inch).
However, even though my municipal supply is about 100 psi (6.8 bar), the water heater cannot reach its theoretical 7.5 gallons per minute flow rate because it is too restricting. But it certainly can provide reasonable flow for two sinks, a shower, and a (low flow) bathtub running simultaneously. It is nowhere as abundant as the cold supply. (Yes, the pipes work fine; bypassing the water heater provides abundant water to all points.)
I expect that a water pump to bring pressure up to a reasonable amount would do wonders. A suitable selection is among Home Depot's shallow well pump offerings
• Thank you for your answer. Could you clarify at what point in the system you are proposing the pump would sit?
– Sam_Butler
Jan 4 '18 at 16:32
• @Sam_Butler: Any convenient location between the roof tank and the pipes in the house. Convenient would include good access to the pipes for easy installation and maintenance, availability of power, and sufficient environmental protection. Maybe an add-on box (which you install) on the roof next to the tank. Probably build it out of bricks, masonry, or wood frame, though there might be pre-made solutions in your area. See what the neighbors might have done to improve water pressure.
– wallyk
Jan 4 '18 at 21:45
• That makes sense, though I was referring to the position wrt other elements in the system. So immediately after the cold water tank, but considering the environmental and access criteria you’ve mentioned above. Thanks for your help.
– Sam_Butler
Jan 5 '18 at 23:01
Your Answer
|
Free «The economy of the United Kingdom» Essay Sample
The economy of the United Kingdom in the 1970s was on a slow growth rate with increased unemployment and high inflation rates. This is similar to the early 2000s but recently the United Kingdom has experienced better economic growth increased trade and relatively low unemployment levels as compared to other European nations.
During the 1970s the economy was considered to be faced with structural and functional problems with an inflation of about 27% (1). There was also rise in the power of trade unions which resulted in wage inflation and strikes among workers. Despite this the unemployment rose to a record 700,000 in the end of 1970s (2). During this period there were also increased government debt. In the 1970s the UK economy grew at a slower rate than that of the neighbouring European competitors.
Britain's share of world trade at the same time halved between the period between 1990 and early 1970s. Inflation in this period was given exacerbated by hike in oil prices in1973. The UK microeconomic performance also declined in relation to other economies and previous periods.
During these two periods i.e. between 1970s and 2000 there are two steps used to evaluate the economy this definitely cannot be purely objective (3). The following performance indicators have been used for evaluating the economy in these two periods. Economic growth; This is best expressed by looking at the Gross national product which compares the population size to the value of both goods and services produced and consumed.
Economic stability: This refers to the extent of fluctuations and variations in employment levels economies, currency, prices and inflation. International balance of trade: This looks at the performance of the economy internationally by its trade balance exchange rates. Balance of payment and trade.
In the year 2009 the United Kingdom was ranked as the sixth biggest economy in the world with a GDP of US$2,646 (4). The UK also received the highest number of FDI in Europe In the same year 2008. The economy also grew at a faster rate than that of the neighbouring economies. In the year 2008 the level of employment in the UK was also lower than that of the European Union. The economic growth at the European Union was at 0.6% in 2008.
The United Kingdom has greatly progressed in the 2000s as compared to the 1970s when there was economic experimentation in terms of policies and ideologies. The united kingdom has shown increased and better improvement as compared to the European union this is because of solid programmes and favourable policies. The rate of inflation has been high during both periods. However during the same period global inflation rates were also high.
(1) Holden, K. Matthews, K. & Thompson, J. The UK economy today. Manchester: Manchester university press.1995
(2) Bowler, AL Wages in the united kingdom in the 19th century: Notes for the use of students of social and economic questions Michigan: Michigan University press.2005
(3) Morris, D. Economic system in the UK.3rd edition. London, Oxford university press 1985.
What Our Customers Say
Click here to chat with us
|
Jack Houston
Character Key:
Display Name:
Jack Houston
Sort Name:
Houston, Jack
Zack Houston
Middle Class
Cause of Death:
Jack (or "Zack," as his name appears in The Town) is a "childless widower who lives alone with [his] hound and a negro man to cook for them both" (197). In The Hamlet, he is a thirty-three-year-old man (240) who has spent the last four years mourning the loss of his wife, Lucy Pate, with a "black, savage, indomitable fidelity" (227). In the earlier short story "The Hound," Houston is prosperous but, in this novel, his unpaid debt to Will Varner and the resulting foreclosure on his property have diminished his wealth. The borrowed money funded a new house and furnished it, but Houston's eventual inability to repay the sum leads to the loss of a significant portion of his property, which plays some part in his eventual enmity with Mink Snopes, who rents that land from Varner. Houston still possesses a house and some remaining land as is evident in Ike Snopes stealing his grazing cow and a judge ruling that Mink Snopes pay Houston three dollars pasturage (178), even though the land belongs to Varner (100). Faulkner describes Houston as a highly competent individual who enters manhood at the age of fourteen being already "acquainted with whiskey" and "the possessor of a mistress - a negro girl two or three years his senior" (228). Houston's early adolescence was spent learning to run his father's farm and was followed by a brief education until he left Yoknapatawpha at the age of sixteen in order to escape the inevitability of marrying Lucy Pate and due to his "lust, not for life, not even for movement, but for that fetterless immobility called freedom" (228). Over the next thirteen years, he worked first as a time-keeper in a railroad construction camp in Oklahoma and then as a "Kansas wheat-hand," moving to "herding sheep in New Mexico" and then working "with a construction gang in Arizona and West Texas and then a longshoreman on the Galveston docks" (234). He eventually settles in El Paso "as a locomotive fireman" living with a woman whom he took "out of a Galveston brothel" (234). With the death of his father, he splits his savings in half, giving one portion to and abandoning the woman with whom he lived for seven years. He returns home to Mississippi, lives for one year off of his savings and then marries Lucy, who dies sixth month later. He is eventually shot dead by Mink Snopes.
Individual or Group:
Character changes class in this text:
|
Using probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions in complex real-world situations.
Mapped to CCSS Section# HSS.MD.B.6, HSS.MD.B.7
Use probabilities to make fair decisions (e.g., drawing by lots, using a random number generator). Analyze decisions and strategies using probability concepts (e.g., product testing, medical testing, pulling a hockey goalie at the end of a game).
|
What it is “Shavua Tov”?
Shavua tov is an expression spoken on the sabbath to wish someone good luck in the upcoming week.
Shavua Tov is a Hebrew expression that people say to others to wish them a good week. It is a common phrase spoken among people in the Jewish community. They typically only wish others “shavua tov” on weekends, so that they may have a good rest of the week. To learn more about why people speak this phrase or where it comes from, then keep reading! In this article, you can discover:
• * The direct translation of “Shavua tov” and how it is pronounced
• * The history of saying “shavua tov” and the Hebrew language
• * What to reply to someone who wishes you “shavua tov”
• * Why Jews do not use the phrase during the week
• * Other common Jewish greetings
The direct translation of “shavua tov” comes from Hebrew to English is “good week.” Therefore, Jewish people say the phrase to greet one another. It is a Hebrew word that people use to wish someone good fortune throughout the coming week.
The pronunciation is not too complicated. It is very similar to the phrase’s spelling. The correct pronunciation of “shavua tov” is “sha-VOO-ah TOHV.”
The History of Saying “Shavua Tov” and the Hebrew Language
People have used the phrase “shavua tov” for many years. This makes sense, as Hebrew itself is a very ancient and historical language.
The Hebrew language evolved and developed over many years. As a result, there are variations of the language that include biblical, Mishnaic, and medieval versions. However, all forms of the language contain the characteristic that word roots have three consonants. The addition of vowels and more consonants indicates different definitions and parts of speech.
People have spoken Hebrew since biblical times. Scholars believe that the oldest findings of written Hebrew are in some of the Old Testament poems. Specifically, the poem called the “Song of Deborah,” found in the book of Judges.
As the language formed, it adopted words and other elements from different languages. These languages include Spanish, Arabic, Greek, Latin, and Persian. Additionally, some other researchers and scholars think that there are elements of the Sumerian language. All these influences make geographic sense because these languages come from the same region of the world.
Hebrew declined in popularity as a spoken language around the beginning of the 9th century. It did not return as a spoken language until around the 18th century. During this hiatus, the Hebrew language developed as a written language. This period added new vocabulary that updated the language overall to fit the times. There was an addition of philosophical and scientific words that had influences from different languages. Along with new words, this time also modernized older terms, giving them more relevant definitions.
The language returned as a spoken language around the 18th century. As a result of all the changes during the hiatus, the modern variation of Hebrew is one of the only colloquial languages based on a written language. The pronunciation of words comes from dialects of the Sephardic Jews- those from Spain and Portugal.
What to Reply to Someone Who Wishes You “Shavua Tov”
As the phrase “shavua tov” is a friendly greeting, if someone says it to you, a proper response is to say it right back. It is a quick thing to say to create and establish a friendly environment. Another acceptable answer is to say “Gam l’cha” to men or “Gam lech” to women. These phrases translate to “likewise” or “also to you.”
“Shavua tov” is commonly spoken on Saturday evenings- the Jewish sabbath. Another phrase that is equivalent to this one is “Gut voch.” This one, rather than Hebrew, it is Yiddish, which is the Jewish language often spoken before the Holocaust in central and eastern Europe. Today, many Jews in the United States, Russia, and Israel speak Yiddish. Therefore, they are more likely to say “gut voch” instead of “shavua tov.”
People also use this phrase as a farewell in addition to a greeting. “Shavua tov” is mostly used as a greeting, but it also serves to end a conversation cordially or to say to someone as you pass them on the street.
Why Jews Do Not Use the Phrase During the Week
The phrase “shavua tov” is said on Saturday nights and sometimes on Sundays. It is a way to tell someone that you hope they have a good week. Therefore, it makes more sense to say this before the week begins. Saturday is the Jewish sabbath, so when the day of rest ends, the week starts. At this time, you can hear more people say, “shavua tov!”
Other Common Jewish Greetings
Including “shavua tov,” there are many Jewish greetings that people say to one another to create a friendly atmosphere. The following are some popular Jewish greetings and phrases.
Shabbat Shalom- This is a Hebrew expression that is said to others to wish a peaceful sabbath. Jews say this to one another after service on the sabbath.
Gut Shabbes- This is a Yiddish phrase that used as a greeting. It can be used at any time, not just on the sabbath.
Shalom Aleikhem- A phrase spoken in Hebrew and Yiddish. Another way to say the phrase is “Sholem aleikhem.” Jews say this traditional greeting to one another at any time of the week.
Mazel Tov- It translates to “good luck.” However, the context in which people use it differs from the English meaning. Rather than saying “mazel tov” to wish luck upon someone, people say it to express that luck is already upon someone. It has a similar definition to “congratulations.”
There are many more Jewish expressions that people say to each other to express happiness or friendliness. “Shavua tov” is commonly spoken on the Jewish sabbath, which occurs on Saturdays. Although it is not correct to say the expression during the week, it is still a friendly and amicable phrase to tell someone on the weekends, especially on the sabbath.
Leave a Reply
Main Menu
|
Cardiac congenital disabilities are the most common organ malformations, but we still do not understand how they arise in the human embryo. Moreover, although cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death globally, the development of new therapies is lagging compared with other fields. One major bottleneck hindering progress is the lack of self-organizing human cardiac models that recapitulate key aspects of human heart development, physiology and disease. Current in vitro cardiac three-dimensional systems are either engineered constructs or spherical aggregates of cardiomyocytes and other cell types. Although tissue engineering enables the modeling of some electro-mechanical properties, it falls short of mimicking heart development, morphogenetic defects and many clinically relevant aspects of cardiomyopathies. Here, we review different approaches and recent efforts to overcome these challenges in the field using a new generation of self-organizing embryonic and cardiac organoids.
You do not currently have access to this content.
|
Information About the Municipal Elections
By voting in municipal elections, you can contribute to a more student-friendly municipality!
In the municipal elections, municipal and city councils are elected for a four-year term. Councils exercise the highest decision-making power in their local municipalities. By voting in the municipal elections, you can influence how, for example, your municipality’s social and health services, environmental services, cultural and youth services, public transport and urban planning are implemented. Vote for a more student-friendly municipality!
Who Can Vote?
You can vote if you are over 18 on election day and:
A) a Finnish citizen
B) a citizen of the Nordic countries or the EU
C) a citizen of another country who has had a home municipality in Finland for the last two years before 23 April 2021 has the right to vote in the municipality that has been in your municipality on 23 April. 2021.
Read more:
How Do I Find My Candidate?
Election voting assistance applications are good way to get to know your local candidates:
Voting assistance applications:
Helsingin sanomat
How to Vote Safely
You can find instructions on voting during the pandemic here.
• Wear a face mask or a visor unless you have a medical exemption.
• Stay at least two metres away from others.
• Use the hand sanitiser available at the polling station.
• Follow the instructions provided by the election officials.
Advance Voting
Advance voting takes place from 26 May to 8 June 2021. You can vote in advance from any advance polling place in Finland, as long as you have an identity card with you.
You can find your local municipality’s advance voting locations here:
Election Day
Congratulations! You reached the end of the page. Election day is 13 June. On election day, you can only vote at your own polling place. You should have received mail detailing your polling place. Polling stations are open from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Here’s how to vote on election day:
|
These are the numbers of the corresponding angle units in one complete turn. corresponding angles are equal, and; alternate angles are equal. Corresponding sides follow the same letter order as the triangle name so: For example, a model car is similar to the real life car that it models. In both cases, corresponding angles are in the same position. 40 degrees is corresponding to z, so that means that z must be 40 degrees. On the other end of the spectrum, to find the reference angle for 960 degrees: Determine the quadrant in which the terminal side lies. Answer: You are not given a single pair of corresponding sides so you cannot find the similarity ratio. You've been contracted by your city to build two sets of similar figures in front of the city hall for a modern art installation. Two polygons are said to be similar when their corresponding angles are congruent. The large triangle is an isosceles triangle. Corresponding angles are equal. Virtual Nerd's patent-pending tutorial system provides in-context information, hints, and links to supporting tutorials, synchronized with videos, each 3 to 7 minutes long. The two lines above intersect at point O so, there are two pairs of vertical angles that are congruent. Imagine you're a famous artist. A model house is simil… ; This is because they are corresponding angles. … Note: When you have two congruent figures, that means that corresponding sides and corresponding angles are congruent. In geometry, an angle is the space between 2 rays (or line segments) with the same endpoint (or vertex). So in the figure above, as you move points A or B, the two corresponding angles always have the same measure. Strategy: Proof by contradiction. ; These axes all have corresponding angles of 90 degrees. You only need to find one angle. Add. Remember: How to Find corresponding sides. The corresponding sides of similar shapes are not necessarily congruent. To prove this, we will introduce the technique of “proof by contradiction,” which will be very useful down the road. In this non-linear system, users are free to take whatever path through the material best serves their needs. Corresponding angles. Angles in the first quadrant are their own reference angle, so the reference angle is 20 degrees. They are supplementary (both angles add up to 180 degrees). Imagine sliding the four angles formed with line down to line. A worksheet to help consolidate your students’ understanding of corresponding angles. In the figure above, click on 'Next angle pair' to visit all four sets of corresponding angles in turn. Let's begin this topic by first understanding the meaning of corresponding angles. In Mathematics Angles. What Are Corresponding Angles? In math, we say that two figures are similarwhen the shapes are the same with the only difference being the size. Finding Angles: Example 1. Angles F and B in the figure above constitutes one of the pairs. Solution for Find the corresponding angles for the following, answers can be decimal, round off to (3) decimal places. Thus, corresponding angles can be of two types: Corresponding angles formed by parallel lines and transversals In this lesson, you will learn how to find the measurements of angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal by using corresponding angles. Use… If 2 corresponding angles formed by a transversal line intersecting two other lines are congruent, then the two lines are parallel. The eight angles will together form four pairs of corresponding angles. (But note that when you say that an angle has a measure of, say, 2 radians, you are talking about how wide the angle is opened (just like when you use degrees); you are not generally concerned about the length of the arc, even though that’s where the definition comes from.) Now, it should be noted that the transversal can intersect either two parallel line or two non-parallel lines. Alternate angles. Using corresponding angles and straight angles, find the measures of the angles formed by the intersection of parallel lines m and n cut by transversal l below. The radian measure of an angle is the length of the arc along the circumference of the unit circle cut off by the angle. ∠2 ≅ ∠60° since they are corresponding angles, and m and n are parallel. Lesson commentary for 'Find the measurements of corresponding angles' In this lesson, you will learn how to find the measurements of angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal by using corresponding angles. Whether you have three sides of a triangle given, two sides and an angle or just two angles, this tool is a solution to your geometry problems. If parallel lines are cut by a transversal (a third line not parallel to the others), then they are corresponding angles and they are equal, sketch on the left side above. All angles that have the same position with regards to the parallel lines and the transversal are corresponding pairs e.g. 8th Grade, Math, Common Core:8.G.A.5 Students will learn how to find the measurements of angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal by using corresponding angles. Corresponding angles are congruent if the two lines are parallel. Finding Corresponding Angles Worksheet. The lines make an F shape. Corresponding Angles Corresponding Angles are two angles that are in the “same place” with respect to the transversal, but on different lines. Try it and convince yourself this is true. ; This also implies that we cannot compose two rotations by adding their corresponding angles. or add to Google Calendar. A 960-degree angle is equivalent to a 240-degree angle. These unique features make Virtual Nerd a viable alternative to private tutoring. Triangle angle calculator is a safe bet if you want to know how to find the angle of a triangle. If a transversal cuts across two lines to form two congruent, corresponding angles, then the two lines are parallel. If the two polygons are congruent, then the corresponding angles are also congruent. ; Turning the steering wheel moves the wheels simultaneously to a corresponding angle via a hydraulic cylinder. (You get this measure by subtracting 360 from 960 twice.) PDF | 2 pages | Grades: 6 - 7. Corresponding angles are congruent. Vertical angles are always congruent. The two angles on the base are equal. Notice that the F shape can be upside down or back to front. If the transversalcuts across parallel lines (the usual case) then corresponding angles have the same measure. If the two lines are parallel, then the corresponding angles created by the transversal are congruent. To know if we have two corresponding angles that are congruent, we need to know what corresponding angles are. ∠1 and ∠2 form a straight angle, so∠1=120°.
Banana Muffins Nigella, Michael Romeo Solo Album, Best Govt School In Chandigarh, Sales Tax On Iphone, Cara Daftar No Telefon Rhb Online, Vacancy In Euro International School Gurgaon, Julianne Moore Tv Shows, If Gohan Lost The Cell Games, Through Thick And Thin I Will Always Love You Quotes, Majestic Elegance Punta Cana Closed, Revenge 2018 Full Movie English, Aangan Episode 7 Ary Digital, Henry Foo Yung Thye Resume,
|
Become The Best Digital Version of Yourself
Maya Polygon Modelling Course
Maya Polygon Modelling Course
Regular price $700.00 Sale
Duration: 30 Hours in Class
Low-Poly Modeling Course is used to describe a polygon mesh in 3D computer graphics which has a small number of polygons. It is, however, a relative term, usually referring to other meshes in the same computer game or rendered scene. The term low poly is used in both a technical and a descriptive sense; the number of polygons in a mesh is an important factor to optimize for performance but can give an undesirable appearance to the resulting graphics. Polygon meshes are one of the major methods of modelling a 3D object for display by a computer. Polygons can, in theory, have any number of sides but are commonly broken down into triangles for display. In general, the more triangles in a mesh the more detailed the object is, but the more computationally intensive it is to display. In order to decrease render times (i.e. increase frame rate) the number of triangles in the scene must be reduced, by using low poly meshes.
In this short course, you will learn how to create standard Lowpoly objects for Game Engines like Unity3D, or Torque.
Our student sample in-game modelling.
|
Despite what this website says https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/grammar/difference-between-que-and-que-with-and-without-an-accent about the difference between que with an accent on the e and que without an accent on the e, I was told that "que" does not only mean "that." Que means "what" as well, and the example sentence this person gave to prove this point was: lo que me gusta es la pizza. Everything this person told me was: "que without an accent can mean what as in what I like is pizza = lo que me gusta es la pizza." Is what this person said true?
"Que" without an accent is always "that", that is to say, a conjunction or a relative pronoun:
• Dice que le gusta la pizza (He says that he likes pizza). (conjunction)
• La pizza que más le gusta es la de muzzarella. (The pizza that he likes the most is the one of muzzarella) (relative pronoun)
(Please note I have made a literal translation so that the rendering is as transparent as possible.)
"Qué" with an accent is interrogative "what":
• ¿Qué te gustaría comer? (What would you like to eat?)
"Lo que" is what we call a nominal relative or free relative pronoun standing for "la cosa que" (the thing that), and its translation is nominal relative "what":
• Lo que más me gusta es la pizza. (What I like the most is pizza.)
• +1 I believe it's worth noting the difference between accent and tilde. Every word has an accent, but not all of them wear a tilde. Accent refers to the stressed syllable in a given word. Tilde is the graphic representation of that stress under specific orthographic rules.
– Arriel
Jul 15 at 19:20
• 2
@Arriel that is not true in English. The word "tilde" in English means the symbol "~". The symbol "´" (when placed over a letter) is an accent. When writing answers in English, using the word "tilde" to refer to "´" will probably do more harm than good...
– wimi
Jul 15 at 20:58
• I don't speak a lick of Spanish and have no idea how I got here, but am curious whether it would be fair to translate the "Lo que" version as "that which" ? It's a little unwieldy for modern informal English, but would be consistent with a "que=that" as a rule of thumb...
– A C
Jul 16 at 4:58
• @AC In that case, consider "que" as an appropriate conjunction that's not necessarily "that". "Lo que" could perfectly translate into "the one that" which should be less confusing.
– iBug
Jul 16 at 6:27
• 1
@AC "What" is wider than "that which" or "the one that". It is more like "the thing that". "That which" and "the one that" presuppose a limited range of choice.
– Gustavson
Jul 16 at 13:10
The distinction between the accented and unaccented forms of qué, cuándo, cuál, cómo, etc. has everything to do with whether or not the word is used to reference something known (declarative) or unknown (interrogative). In English, there are many times when an otherwise question-word is used declaratively. In each of those cases, the Spanish equivalent will be unaccented.
English Spanish Comment
I like what you have. Me gusta lo que tienes. The word "que" is unaccented because it applies to a known item--there is no question in my mind as to what I am referring.
Do you know what I like? ¿Sabes lo que me gusta? The word "que" is unaccented because it applies to something known, and, despite this being part of a question, the question is not "what" do I like--I know what I like. The question is whether or not you know what I like.
I don't know what you have. No sé qué tienes. Here, "qué" applies to something unknown, and must, therefore, be accented. Even though the sentence is not a question, it contains an implied question. In English, we would say it contains an embedded question.
I enjoy watching how you do that. Me gusta ver como lo haces. "How" you do that is not in question--I can see that as I watch. Nor is this a question.
How did you do that? ¿Cómo lo has hecho? This is both a question, and the word "how" is a direct part of that question--I don't know "how" you did that, so I am asking.
I don't know how you did that. No sé cómo lo has hecho. I am making a statement of fact, but the embedded question shows that the "how" is applied to something unknown, so it is accented.
The same principle applies to other question words. English can use almost any question word in a statement, but if it is applicable to something that is in question, i.e. not known, then you may expect the Spanish translation to have the accented form of the word.
Notice, also, that the word "what" in the English sentences in the table could not be properly replaced by "that," yet in Spanish, the grammar would consider it to be used like a "that" (unaccented "que") whenever it is applied declaratively (to something known and not in question).
(This is more of an intuition-inspiring answer than an exact one.)
There are multiple languages where the word used for a question is an adaptation or a borrowing from the word you would use in an indicative sentence; and this is particularly true with "what" or "that". In Hebrew and Arabic, you have מה and ماذا / ما . Romanian and English and Rench have "Ce" and "What", respectively, which are always used in question form, but can also be used in the indicative: "I'll have what he ordered", i.e. "I'' have that which he has ordered". So, my intuition is that it's basically the same thing in Castillian. And the accent business is just the minor details (though of course you have to take it into account for pronunciation).
PS - The french "Que" is less "reliable" but is still similar to "Ce" and "What" in many cases.
Your Answer
|
Body heat into electricity: Scientists develop a new way to charge gadgets
Body heat into electricity: scientists developed a new way to charge gadgets
Credit: The National University of Science and Technology MISIS
Scientists from NUST MISIS have developed a new type of energy-efficient devices: thermocells that convert heat into energy. This will make possible creation of portable batteries that can be applied to virtually any surface, including clothing, to generate electricity directly from the surface of the body. The results are presented in Renewable Energy.
Thermoelectricity—electricity obtained from due to temperature potential differences—is one of the most promising areas of "green ." This potential difference (the so-called temperature gradients) surrounds us everywhere—a building heated in the sun, a working transport, even the heat of the human body. The problem is that the modern thermoelectrochemical cells (thermocells) have a rather low output power.
Scientists from NUST MISIS have found solutions to this problem by developing a new type of thermocell consisting of metal oxide electrodes and an aqueous electrolyte. This combination will increase the current, while simultaneously reducing the internal resistance of the element. Due to the use of water, it will give the output an increase in power by 10 to 20 times compared to analogs—up to 0.2 V at an temperature of up to 85° C.
"We have shown the possibility of using a nickel oxide electrode based on hollow nickel microspheres in a thermocell. A record for aqueous electrolytes hypothetical Seebeck coefficient has been reached. In addition, we have found a nonlinear change in current-voltage characteristics, which is not typical for thermocells, which ensures an increase in the device's efficiency," commented Igor Burmistrov, one of the authors of the work, a scientist from NUST MISIS.
The high Seebeck coefficient will allow even the heat of the human body to be used as an energy source. There is another significant advantage of the new structure—the use of an reduces the cost of production and increases the safety of the system.
Further, the scientists intend to achieve an increase in the output power by optimizing the composition of the electrode material and improving the design of the thermocell. In the future, it is possible to create a supercapacitor that would retain its charge for a long time.
Explore further
Something from nothing: Using waste heat to power electronics
More information: Igor Burmistrov et al. High seebeck coefficient thermo-electrochemical cell using nickel hollow microspheres electrodes, Renewable Energy (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.001
Journal information: Renewable Energy
Citation: Body heat into electricity: Scientists develop a new way to charge gadgets (2020, September 4) retrieved 22 September 2021 from https://techxplore.com/news/2020-09-body-electricity-scientists-gadgets.html
Feedback to editors
|
Protectionism in the Modern World
“I’ll keep all my industry right here, and then one day, I’ll die.”
Griffin Sonnemann-Creed, Columnist
As the decade comes to a close, one need only look back just a few years to see the staggering changes that have come and gone. Terrorism in the Middle East, federalization of the European Union, the rise of China, and the election of Donald Trump are all events which will be remembered for years to come. However, one grave problem has been lacking in coverage and understanding – the world economy.
For hundreds of years, the world’s economists have been divided into two camps: free trade and protectionist. Free trade is the economic policy of allowing foreign goods into the country. It provides easy access to consumer goods, stimulates the economy by providing jobs through the outsourcing of factories, and allows for foreign investment into the country. However, critics believe that despite these benefits, free trade also harms domestic industry by introducing competitors who are easily able to outproduce the weaker home industry. In addition, it funnels money into the pockets of the rich investors, while in many cases, the workers receive very little pay in return.
Free trade’s benefits and drawbacks have been seen throughout history. European nations like Britain, France, and Germany have all massively benefited from it, as their strong home industries allows them to funnel raw materials into the country and produce countless numbers of manufactured goods. However, its drawbacks have also been noticed in developing regions such as South America and Africa, where cheap labor forces have led to foreign investment, but has also led to much of the economy controlled by and tied to the developed nations’ economies.
On the other end of the spectrum lies protectionism. Protectionism, a form of economic isolation, is an economic policy which has become prevalent in countries throughout the world in recent years. It calls for protective tariffs to be put on foreign manufactured and raw goods in order to protect home industry by increasing the prices of the goods so that consumers will buy the cheaper, domestic items instead. Noticeably, the policy, while seeming to work well, often harms the country which has instated it rather than helping the local economies. As prices for goods increase, much of the population, primarily amongst the poor, find themselves unable to pay for the goods they used to be able to buy plenty of. In addition, while the policies may help some industries, primarily agricultural, other manufacturing industries find themselves weakened by the natural fluctuations of the economy. For example, according to The Atlantic, the Canadian province of Quebec has a strategic maple syrup reserve to control maple syrup prices. While maple syrup costs are stable due to the reserve, they also cost far more than they do in other countries due to the lack of foreign competition, hurting the consumers.
The issue of protectionism versus free trade in the modern economy is becoming more and more prevalent with every passing day. In recent years, countries like the United States, India, the United Kingdom, and Argentina, alongside others, have begun to embrace protectionist policies, often in response to increasing numbers of migrants from regions such as the Balkans and Middle East. Combined with more stringent enforcement of migrant laws, the growing levels of conservative protectionism have led to worries about the weakening of the global economy.
In the modern world, protectionist policies have generally caused more harm than good for the nations that use them. In 2002, the Bush administration placed tariffs on imported steel, primarily Chinese. While this was intended to provide more steel manufacturing jobs and improve the domestic economy, in actuality, it hurt relations with one of the U.S.’ major trading partners. The establishment of the tariffs also brought relations with the European Union to a low, with the member states pledging to begin taxing American goods if they did not stop. The final nail in the coffin for this attempt at taxing steel was the World Trade Organization (WTO) claiming that the taxes were against the doctrine of the organization, authorizing over two billion in sanctions against the United States.
Unfortunately, this is not the last time the United States will experiment with protectionist policies to protect domestic trade. Donald Trump, current president of the United States, has once again set his eyes on China, attempting to place tariffs on hundreds of both luxury and manufactured goods like new automobiles and steel that are being imported. In response, the Chinese government issued a formal complaint to the WTO and then placed tariffs on 106 different American goods which were integral to state economies. While there has not been any major events since then involving the two countries’ relations, the wrong move by Beijing or D.C. could launch both countries into a devastating trade war.
Judging by these examples of American economic policies, alongside historical information regarding protectionism vs. free trade policies, it is obvious that protectionism has no place in the modern, globalized economy. Not a single nation in the world can leave the system, as doing so would destabilize the rest of their trading partners. Therefore, if a country such as the United States pursues these policies, one can only shudder to imagine what impacts it would have on the world economy.
|
Why Online CPR Classes Is the Best Option During the COVID-19 Crises?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the most useful life savings skills. This critical skill uses simple techniques to save cardiac arrest victims, and is easy to learn and perform. In cases of cardiac arrest, the victim loses consciousness, the heart is not beating and experiences difficult breathing. In other cases, the victims are not breathing completely. To save the victim, there is need to maintain circulation of blood and provide oxygen to the vital organs. The body cannot function without oxygen as cells can die, leading to permanent organ damage or death.
CPR works by providing an artificial heart beat to maintain circulation of blood in cardiac arrest victims. The procedure involves chest compressions, and the quality of CPR provided determines the ability to maintain blood circulation. There are certified institutions offering CPR classes for interested persons. AHA accredited centers are always the best choice. Many people find online CPR classes as the best option.
Read more
Habits to Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle During the COVID-19 Global Crisis
The current COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic has resulted in drastic changes in the way we do things. Everyone across the world has had to change some essential aspects of their lifestyle.
While some changes are necessary for our safety, others could have adverse effects on our health. The impact of such changes includes emotional and psychological stress. In other cases, the epidemic has resulted in changes in the physical wellbeing of humans across the globe.
As we seek to get through the current crisis in one piece, we need to keep watch of our health-related habits. The changes from regular daily schedules can have a lasting effect on an individual. Maintaining the usual routine chores amid the corona crisis will help in lowering stress levels. A person’s wellbeing defines their productivity as well as the lives of everyone around them.
Read more
|
Image for National Kool-Aid Day
National Kool-Aid Day
Enjoy a refreshing glass of Kool-Aid today! National Kool-Aid Day coincides with the first day of Kool-Aid Days each year, which is always celebrated on the second weekend of August in Hastings, Nebraska, the city where Kool-Aid was created. Hastings' Kool-Aid Days began in 1998, the same year that Kool-Aid was named Nebraska's official state drink.
Edward Perkins lived in Hastings and spent his time experimenting with making products in his mother's kitchen and selling them by mail-order. He created the Perkins Products Company in 1920, and shortly thereafter created Fruit Smack, a liquid concentrate used to make a flavored drink by mixing it with sugar and water. The four-ounce bottles were expensive to ship and sometimes broke in transit. To reduce costs, Perkins made a powdered form in 1927, being inspired by Jello-O. It was sold in packets and was available in six flavors: cherry, grape, lemon-lime, orange, raspberry, and strawberry. The name was first changed to "Kool Ade," production was moved to Chicago in 1931, and Perkins trademarked the name Kool-Aid in 1934.
Kool-Aid packets originally sold for ten cents apiece, but the price was dropped to five cents during the Great Depression when the drink was marketed as "the Budget Beverage." The drink thrived during those years but was hurt by sugar rationing during World War II. Kool-Aid supplied some rations to troops overseas, though, and demand for the drink returned after the war. In 1953, Perkins sold Kool-Aid to General Foods.
Shortly after the General Foods acquisition, the prototype of the Kool-Aid Man arrived. Kool-Aid Man went on to appear in television and print advertising, and even in comics and a video game. In television ads, children were portrayed as becoming thirsty during some sort of physical activity; Kool-Aid Man would come to the rescue, bursting through the walls of their homes, exclaiming "Oh, yeah!" and making them Kool-Aid.
Kool-Aid is now owned by Kraft Foods. Besides being available in powdered form in packets or small tubs, Kool-Aid sells other products as well, such as Kool-Aid Bursts and Kool-Aid Jammers. People have even found other uses for Kool-Aid besides drinking it. It has been used to make playdough, and for cleaning toilets, dyeing hair, and coloring lips.
How to Observe National Kool-Aid Day
Celebrate the day by drinking some Kool-Aid! There are many more flavors than the original six that you could now try. You could also use Kool-Aid to make various foods, drinks, or other things. The best way to spend the day—or your whole weekend—is to head to Hastings, Nebraska, for Kool-Aid Days. You could even participate in their "Kwickest Kool-Aid Drinking Contest." While you are in the city, visit the Hastings Museum, where an exhibit on Kool-Aid can be viewed, and stop at the old Perkins Products Company building to see the spot where Kool-Aid was invented. If you aren't able to make the journey to Hastings, watch some old Kool-Aid commercials, and play Kool-Aid Man online, which originally debuted on Atari 2600 in 1983.
Something Wrong or Missing?
Observation Notifications
Also on this date…
|
August 9th, 2020 ~ by admin
The Forgotten Ones: HP Nanoprocessor
Original Nanoprocessor prototypes from 1974-75. Note hand written wafer number, open die cover and early part number (94332)
Back in the 1970’s the Loveland Instrument Division (LID) of HP in Colorado, USA was the forefront of much of HP’s computing innovation. HP was a leader, and often THE leader in computerized instrumentation in the early 1970’s. From things like calculators, to O-scopes to desktop computers like the 9825 and 9845 series. HP made their own processors for most all of these products. The early computers were based on the 16-bit Hybrid processor we talked about before. At around the same time, in 1974, the HP LID realized they needed another processor, a control oriented processor that was programmable, and could be used to control the various hardware systems they were building. This didn’t need to be a beast like the 16-bit Hybrids, but something simpler, inexpensive, and very fast, it would interface and control things like HPIB cards, printers, and the like. The task of designing such a processor fell to Larry Bower.
The result was a Control Oriented Processor called the HP nanoprocessor. Internally it was given the identifier 94332 (or 9-4332), not the most elegant name, but its what was on the original prototypes and die. The goal was to use HP’s original 7-micron NMOS process (rather then the new 5-micron NMOS-II process) to help save costs and get it into production quickly.
Nanoprocessor Features – Note the speed has been ‘adjusted’
The original design goal was a 5MHz clock rate and instructions that would execute in 2 cycles (400ns). The early datasheets have this crossed out and replaced with 4MHz and 500ns, yields at 5MHz must not have been high enough, and 4MHz was plenty.
Handwritten Block diagram
The Nanoprocessor is interesting as it is specifically NOT an arithmetic oriented processor, in fact, it doesn’t even support arithmetic. It has 42 8-bit instructions, centered around control logic. These are supported by 16 8-bit registers, an 8-bit Accumulator and an 11-bit Program Counter. Interface to the external world is via an 11-bit address bus, 8-bit Data bus and a 7-bit ‘Direct Control’ bus which functions as an I/O bus. The nanoprocessor supports both external vectored interrupts and subroutines. The instructions support the ability to test, set and clear each bit in the accumulator, as well as comparisons, increments/decrements (both binary and BCD), and complements.
Here is one mask (Mask 5 of 6) for the prototype Nanoprocessor. You can see its simplicity. On the bottom of the mask you can see the 11-bit address buffers and Program Counter
2.66MHz 1820-1691 – note the -5V Bias Voltage marked on it
The Nanoprocessor required a simple TTL clock, and 3 power supplies, a +12 and +5VDC for the logic and a -2VDC to -5VDC back gate bias voltage. This bias voltage was dependent on manufacturing variables so was not always the same chip to chip (the goal would be -5VDC). Each chip was tested the and voltage was hand written on the chip. The voltage was then set by a single resistor on the PCB. Swapping out a Nanoprocessor meant you needed to make sure this bias voltage was set correctly.
If you needed support for an ALU you could add one externally (likely with a pair of ‘181 series TTL). Even with an external ALU the Nanoprocessor was very fast. The projected cost of a Nanoprocessor in 1974 was $15 (or $22 with an ALU), In late 1975 this was $18 for the 4MHz version (1820-1692) and $13 for the slower 2.66MHz version (1820-1691).
At the time of its development in 1974-1975 the Motorola 6800 had just been announced. The 6800 was an 8-bit processor as well, made on a NMOS process, and had a maximum clock rate of 1MHz. The initial cost of the 6800 was $360, dropping to $175, then $69 with the release of the 6502 from MOS. By 1976 the 6800 was only $36, but this is still double what a Nanoprocessor cost
An early ‘slide deck’ (the paper version equivalent) from December 1974 sets out the What Why and How of the Nanoprocessor. The total cost of its development was projected to be only $250,000 (around $1 million in 2020 USD). The paper compares the performance of the Nanoprocessor to that of the 6800. The comparisons are pretty amazing.
Interrupted Count Benchmark
For control processing interrupt response time is very important, the Nanoprocessor can handle interrupts in a max of 715ns, compare that to 12usec for the 6800. The clock rate of the Nanoprocessor is 4 times faster but the efficiency of its interrupts and instructions are what really provides the difference here.
The clock rate difference (1MHz vs 4) really shows here, but the Nanoprocessor is also executed 3 times the instructions to do the same task, and still is faster.
Even using an external ALU compared to the Motorola’s internal ALU, the nanoprocessor is better then twice as fast (thanks here to its much higher clock frequency)
Full Handshake Data Transfer. Interfacing to the outside world was the main driver of the Nanoprocessor. Here we see that it can ‘talk’ to other devices much faster then the 6800
All instructions on the Nanoprocessor take 500ns to execute compared to the 1-10u for the 6800.
Today we do benchmarks based on framerates in games, or render times, but you can see that benchmarks were even important back then. How fast a processor could handle things determined how fast the printer could be, or how fast it could handle external data coming in. It’s no wonder that the Nanoprocessor continued to be made into the late 1980’s and many of them are still in use today running various HP equipment.
Nanoprocessor User Manual – October 1974
A big thank you to Larry Bower, the project lead and designer of the Nanoprocessor, who donated several prototypes, a complete mask set, and very early documentation on the Nanoprocessor (amongst some other goodies)
Documentation so ealy it has many hand written parts, and some corrections. This had to be a very annoying oops if it wasn’t caught early on. Even Engineers get their left and right mixed up on occasion
Posted in:
CPU of the Day
|
Home Page
wider curriculum
Our theme this week at Lane End is 'All Creatures Great and Small.' One of our favourite things to discover, especially at this time of year, is minibeasts. Why not try some activities around some of our smallest creatures in the animal kingdom?
Rock Bugs
Can you collect a rock on your walk ( or a selection) and turn them into rock bugs? Paint them bright, add wings, legs or even antennae! Then pop them in your own outdoor space or why not leave them on a walk for someone else to find? Take a picture and send it to the reception website so we can see your wonderful creations!
Paper plate minibeast
Use a paper plate or cut a circle in some paper and create a minibeast. Think creatively - you could make a bee, a snail, a butterfly, a ladybird or even a wiggly worm!
CBeebies: Minibeast Adventure With Jess - Snail Adventure
Snails are one of Mrs Widdop's favourite minibeasts. Find out more about them here in a minibeast adventure with Jess! When it rains this week why not head outside and see if you can find any snails. Watch them move, see them wiggle, explore their shells and why not see how many you can collect?
Yoga for WILD Kids! 🦁🐒🐉
Usually at this time of year we get some caterpillars into school to watch them transform into butterflies, then set them free. The children love watching this metamorphosis. Look at this video with your child. Chat about:
What do you already know about the life cycle of a butterfly?
What does a butterfly start out as?
What happens?
I wonder what happens inside the cocoon?
How can we look after a butterfly?
What did they enjoy in the video........
See if you can find any butterflies or caterpillars on your local walk and link it to what you have seen in the video!
Metamorphosis: Caterpillar to Butterfly for Children - FreeSchool
|
Last updated: August 11, 2021
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas that is produced by barbecues, fireplaces, radiant heaters or cigarettes. As it is colourless and odourless, you can hardly detect it. With CO detectors, however, you are immediately alerted as soon as a critical CO concentration value is exceeded in the room. Our large CO detector test 2021 should help you find the best CO detector for you. We have compared standard and wireless CO detectors as well as CO detectors for the hearing impaired, gas detectors and portable CO detectors and CO smoke and/or heat detector combinations with each other and listed the respective advantages and disadvantages. This should help you with your purchase decision.
The most important facts
• Carbon monoxide is a poisonous, colourless and odourless gas that is produced when substances containing carbon are burned. Even low concentrations can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning without being noticed.
• CO detectors alert you as soon as the CO concentration in the room exceeds a certain critical value that can be harmful to you.
• CO alarms usually only detect carbon monoxide. There are special gas detectors for gases such as butane, propane or methane and separate warning detectors for the gas carbon dioxide.
The Best CO2 Detector: Our Picks
Guide: Questions to ask yourself before buying a CO detector
What is carbon monoxide anyway?
Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless and tasteless poisonous gas with a density similar to air. It therefore spreads rather slowly in the room. In technical jargon, the term carbon monoxide or carbon monooxide is more commonly used. This chemical compound of carbon and oxygen with the structural formula CO is a colourless, odourless and tasteless toxic gas and therefore particularly dangerous. When you are asleep, you do not notice the gas and can suffocate. Carbon monoxide has a similar density to air, so it spreads very slowly through the room. Since it is slightly lighter than air, it still rises slowly. It is also flammable and burns with oxygen with a blue flame. The particle concentration or the proportion of carbon monoxide is indicated with the English term ppm (parts per million). The millionth part, just as a percentage is the hundredth part of something. 50 ppm thus corresponds to a concentration of 0.005 % of the room air.
How is carbon monoxide produced and what are the sources?
In general, carbon monoxide is produced whenever something is burnt. Barbecues, fireplaces, radiant heaters but also cigarettes are possible sources of carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances such as natural gas, biogas, light petrol, heavy oil, coal or biomass with insufficient oxygen supply. The concentration in residential buildings is usually between 0.5 and 5 ppm. In rooms with gas burners, however, the CO concentration can be as high as 15 ppm. Even in rooms with chimneys, there should not normally be higher concentrations if there is sufficient chimney draught, as the gas evaporates with the warm air from the chimney. Improperly functioning heating and exhaust systems and defective or improperly maintained appliances can be sources of carbon monoxide. If the flue of a fireplace or stove is not able to transport the CO gas out, a backflow occurs and the room fills with carbon monoxide unnoticed. The flue does not even have to be defective for this, it is enough if, for example, a bird or wasp nest blocks the exhaust air duct. Carbon monoxide is also produced when barbecuing with charcoal and wood fires in general. Propane-fired radiant heaters and the like also emit carbon monoxide gas. In addition, gas cookers, the burning of wood pellets, car exhaust from attached garages and any kind of ventilation equipment and generators powered by combustion engines are sources of carbon monoxide. But cigarette and shisha smoke also contain carbon monoxide. Just ten smoked cigarettes increase the CO concentration in a 30 m³ room by 22 ppm. In an assessment, the Federal Ministry for Risk Assessment (BfR) explicitly points out a high CO concentration in shisha smoke.
Symptoms and consequences of carbon monoxide exposure/poisoning
If you inhale a high concentration of the gas, it will quickly become fatal. But even if you are exposed to a low concentration over a certain period of time, this can lead to severe physical damage and death. Since CO is similar in structure to the oxygen molecule O², the toxic gas binds to haemoglobin when it is absorbed through the respiratory tract and thus prevents the transport of oxygen through the blood. The affected person becomes unconscious and dies from lack of oxygen. Sick people, especially heart patients and unborn children, are more sensitive than healthy adults. The Berlin Socio-Economic Panel (BSEP) found that foetal development is strongly affected. Newborns in regions with high CO pollution are almost 300 grams lighter than others. According to the latest findings, carbon monoxide poisoning (technically carbon monoxide intoxication) also increases the risk of developing Parkinson's disease by a factor of 8 to 9. The first symptoms of CO poisoning are nausea, headache, shortness of breath, dizziness and drowsiness. For further information, Wikipedia offers a detailed article on carbon monoxide intoxication, which is based on the following table on CO concentration and symptoms:
CO concentration symptoms
35 ppm (0.0035%) headache and dizziness within 6-8 hours
100 ppm (0.01%) mild headache in 2-3 hours
200 ppm (0.02%) Mild headache within 2-3 hours, loss of judgement
400 ppm (0.04%) Severe headache within 1-2 hours
800 ppm (0.0%) Dizziness, nausea and cramps within 45 min, unconsciousness within 2 hours
1.600 ppm (0.16%) headache, increased heart rate, dizziness and nausea within 20 min, death in less than 2 hours
3,200 ppm (0.32%) headache, dizziness and nausea in 5-10 minutes, death within 30 minutes
6.400 ppm (0.64%) headache and dizziness in 1-2 min, seizures, respiratory arrest and death in less than 20 min
12,800 ppm (1.28%) unconsciousness after 2-3 breath
If you experience symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, call 911 and move away from possible CO sources immediately. If you suspect that someone is suffering from carbon monoxide intoxication, take care to protect yourself while rescuing them from the danger zone as quickly as possible. If the victim is unconscious but still breathing, place them in the recovery position. In case of cardiac arrest, resuscitation must be performed. The emergency doctor can then take further steps. The carbon monoxide content in the blood halves by itself within about four hours, but depending on the degree of poisoning, further treatment may be essential for survival. The affected person is usually intubated and ventilated with 100% oxygen. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment is also possible. In this case, the patient is ventilated with oxygen through tubes in a pressure chamber. In both cases, the carbon monoxide is displaced from the bloodstream.
Is a CO detector useful for you?
Basically, a CO detector is useful if there are possible sources of carbon monoxide leakage. Hospital data on cases of toxic effects of carbon monoxide on affected persons show that the documented number of cases in Germany more than doubled from 2000 to 2015. And this to almost 3500, with an upward trend. The number of unreported cases is probably much higher. It makes sense to have one or more CO alarms if there are potential sources of carbon monoxide emissions in the household. For example, do you heat with gas or have a fireplace in your living room? Do you cook with gas or do you have other appliances that run on gas or a combustion engine in general? Do you live in an older house where there is a possibility that the exhaust air system or the heating system are no longer in optimal condition? Then we recommend that you install a carbon monoxide alarm to be on the safe side. Even if you like to smoke cigarettes or shisha in your home, a CO alarm makes sense. As you have learned above, the CO concentration in the room can increase considerably due to the smoke.
What does a good carbon monoxide detector have to offer?
Most important are the service life, some features such as display, memory or test function as well as quality seals. The service life of the CO sensor is an important criterion. High-quality carbon monoxide detectors have a lifespan of 7 to 10 years. Inferior sensors, on the other hand, only last about one year. This means you incur many times the additional costs and, from an economic and safety point of view, such cheap products do not make sense either. Some manufacturers offer an additional guarantee of usually 5 years. You should make sure that the alarm is equipped with a permanently installed lithium battery. Then you don't have to worry about replacing the batteries, because the life span is the same as that of the CO sensor. If you nevertheless choose a detector with a replaceable 9-volt battery, for example, it should definitely have a "low bat" indicator. Detectors with displays are preferable. You can then easily read off the CO concentration or other information. For this purpose, the display must be large enough, easy to read and, above all, clearly visible. A display with backlighting is ideal. A useful feature is the peak value and/or event memory function. On the display you can see, even after a longer absence, whether there was an increase in the CO concentration, what the peak value of the concentration was and whether an alarm was triggered. In addition, your CO alarm should offer a possibility to test it. Some detectors test themselves automatically, others have a test button. In general, you should not just blindly rely on technology, but be able to test the CO sensor in some way. After all, it's about your health and safety. Good carbon monoxide detectors do not simply sound the alarm at a certain CO level. Most have several alarm levels. But when and after what time the alarm goes off can vary. For a healthy adult, the levels 50, 100 and 300 ppm are sufficient. In a child's room, it is advisable to consider installing lower alarm levels with a shorter time delay, e.g. 30, 43, 80 and >150 ppm. Also look for quality seals! High-quality alarms are manufactured, tested and approved according to national or international guidelines. If your CO detector has a TÜV, VdS and/or CE seal, this is always a sign of quality. In addition, your alarm should be certified according to EU directives. Besides easy handling and installation of the CO detector, the volume of the CO alarm is of essential importance. The warning detector is of little use to you if the alarm is so quiet that you can't hear it. Most detectors are around 85 dB. However, the alarm should not be any quieter. Detailed instructions in German and/or at least English are another important criterion. The alarm will not help you if you cannot operate it (correctly) because the instructions are in Chinese or Russian. Unless you can read Mandarin or Cyrillic. If you want to install several CO detectors, make sure that they can be networked via radio and are compatible. Especially if you live in a large building and the rooms are far apart. You should also consider the size of the room in which you want to install a CO detector. Not all alarms are designed for all room sizes. Check the requirements for the CO detector with regard to the room size, otherwise it may be ineffective!
How many CO detectors should you buy?
Every room where there is a potential source of CO leakage should be secured. For example, if you have a gas heater in the basement, a gas cooker in the kitchen and a gas heater in the conservatory, you should definitely equip these rooms with CO alarms. Radio-networked warning detectors are recommended, as all detectors sound an alarm as soon as a detector measures a dangerous CO concentration. Basically, you should consider which sources of CO gas there are in your home and protect these rooms with carbon monoxide alarms. It may also make sense to secure a room with an alarm where there is not a direct source of carbon monoxide. Since this poisonous gas rises very slowly, it can happen that it "sloshes" into a room unnoticed. So think beforehand about the rooms in which you need a carbon monoxide alarm.
What standards should your CO detector meet and what certifications are there?
The EU standard EN 50291 should be met in any case. A CE mark, a TÜV and VdS seal are further quality features. The European standard EN 50291 generally regulates the requirements of electrical CO measuring devices for operation in residential buildings in the areas of construction, test procedures and operating behaviour. If you want to find out more about this standard, you can do so on the website of the German Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies (VDE). However, the text of the standard costs.. The CE mark indicates that the product complies with the European directives that apply to the specific product. Although this seal is not a test seal but an administrative mark, it still indicates that European directives are complied with. You are probably familiar with the TÜV seal. The TÜV tests technical products neutrally, expertly and independently and certifies products that meet the high requirements. The "TÜV-tested" seal is at least colloquially a seal of quality, but it is relatively rare for CO detectors. A certification of the VdS (Vertrauen durch Sicherheit) damage prevention products of the civil security market as well as guard and security companies. A VdS seal indicates that the product-specific requirements of the CO detector exceed those of the European standard.
Decision: What types of CO detectors are there and which is the right one for you?
Basically, you can distinguish between the following types of carbon monoxide detectors:
• Standard CO detector
• Radio CO detectors
• CO detectors for the hearing impaired
• CO smoke and/or heat detector combinations
• Gas detectors
• Portable/mobile CO detectors
The detector types have different functions or areas of application and thus individual advantages and disadvantages. In addition, there are combinations of the different detector types. Depending on how big your home is, in which room you want to install a carbon monoxide detector or against which dangers you want to protect yourself additionally, different functions make sense. You may also need a CO alarm for your caravan or want to use it flexibly in different places. The following section will help you to find out which type of carbon monoxide detector is suitable for your needs. For this purpose, we will present the types of CO detectors listed above and clearly outline what their advantages and disadvantages are in each case.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of standard CO detectors?
Standard CO detectors or stand-alone detectors can do exactly one thing: sound the alarm as soon as the concentration of carbon monoxide in the room exceeds a certain level. But there are also models that are additionally equipped with some very useful functions. Since even a low, not immediately lethal concentration of CO gas can lead to physical damage over a certain period of time, the acoustic alarm of most warning detectors, for example, only goes off after 60 - 90 minutes in the case of a low CO concentration, and after 3 minutes in the case of a high concentration. There are also CO detectors with LCD displays or LED control lights for better monitoring of the carbon monoxide concentration, for example. The acoustic warning signal and features are of course also found in the other CO detector types and are only mentioned here as an advantage over not using CO detectors.
• Acoustic warning signal when the CO level is too high
• Various useful features
• Comparatively inexpensive
• May not be audible in large houses and halls
• Only sounds when carbon monoxide is present
• Usually fixed to the wall/ceiling
Features such as those mentioned above, (automatic) function testing or memory functions naturally have an impact on the price. As always, the manufacturer and the quality of the device also play a role. If you live in a large house or need CO detectors for (storage, production, etc.) halls, the alarm may be overheard despite its volume due to the distance or closed doors. In this case, you should use radio-networked CO detectors. We see the fact that a CO detector "only" reports CO as a disadvantage here only for the reason that combination devices with other (e.g. optical) sensors can also detect smoke and sound the alarm. A high CO concentration does not necessarily mean a fire. That's why you should use a smoke detector as a fire alarm; it's usually cheaper, too.
What can wireless CO detectors do and what are their advantages and disadvantages?
CO radio detectors can be linked to each other via an integrated or additionally available radio module. Via this module, the CO detectors can also communicate with other additional devices and thus form a complete home system. The problem of standard CO detectors in large houses or halls can be solved by radio networking. The warning detectors are coupled with each other via the radio module. If the CO concentration now rises in a room with a CO detector, it sends a signal to all devices connected to it, which then also trigger an alarm. In this way, an increase in carbon monoxide gas does not go unnoticed even if the alarm is triggered in a distant cellar or similar.
• No alarm goes unnoticed (even in extensive/large buildings)
• Several CO detectors, additional devices and other detectors can be radio-networked
• Usually no separate power supply for the radio module necessary
• Usually easy retrofitting of the radio module possible
• Triggers "only" for carbon monoxide
• Usually fixed to the wall/ceiling
• Relatively high price for CO detector incl. radio module or retrofit module
It is therefore not only possible to link several CO detectors with each other, but also to integrate smoke detectors or detectors for other harmful gases into the system. This makes the radio-networked CO detector interesting for industry as well. Many companies have installed such systems in their warehouses and production halls. For private use, additional devices such as a vibration or optical signal for the hearing impaired can be embedded in the system. Many manufacturers state that the separate radio module can be easily retrofitted in just a few steps. In addition, the module is powered by the power supply of the carbon monoxide detector. This means no additional battery waste.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of CO detectors for the hearing impaired?
This type of detector is not actually a CO or smoke detector as such, but an additional device that can be embedded in the warning detector system via radio. However, since 15 - 16 million people in Germany are affected by hearing loss, depending on the source, we think it makes sense to present this solution to you. The prerequisite for the hearing-impaired alarm is radio-networked warning detectors. It does not matter whether CO, gas or smoke detectors or combinations of warning detectors are connected to each other in the network. At least the leading manufacturers guarantee a smooth signal exchange between the different radio detectors and with the additional device for the hearing impaired. Nevertheless, for safety's sake, you should make sure that the detector components come from the same manufacturer. As soon as a CO detector detects an increasing CO concentration, the warning detector for the hearing impaired alerts you visually via an intensive stroboscopic light. In addition, a vibration pad is connected, which is placed in the pillow. This ensures that you are woken up in case of danger.
• Safe alarm system for the hearing-impaired
• Usually emergency battery available (power failure)
• Compatible with different and several detector types and can be wirelessly networked
• Free-standing (within the scope of the cable length)
• Wireless networking sometimes not very easy
• Relatively high price (in addition to the actual warning detectors)
The warning detector is connected to the socket and can be placed flexibly in the room due to its relatively long connection cables (connection between device socket and device vibration pad) of 3 - 5 metres. In addition to the power connection, most manufacturers have equipped the device with a rechargeable battery or a 9-volt battery. This emergency power supply ensures that the alarm goes off reliably even in the event of a power failure. Even though the alarm for the hearing impaired is compatible with various smoke, gas and CO sensors, problems can occur during the first radio connection. For example, the website reports initial difficulties in establishing the first wireless connection with other components.
What can CO smoke and/or heat detector combinations do and what advantages and disadvantages do they offer?
If, in addition to carbon monoxide, a warning is to be given about smoke development and fires, a combination detector with different sensors supposedly saves the installation of several detectors. Such multi-sensor detectors reduce the risk of false alarms by measuring carbon monoxide concentration in the room, smoke density and/or temperature rise. However, only in the event of a fire alarm. If you have considered protecting yourself from fires as well as carbon monoxide poisoning, and don't want to plaster every room with warning detectors, a combination device might make sense. However, there are a few things to consider here. Basically, a combi device also measures the carbon monoxide concentration and sounds an alarm if a limit value is exceeded. But now you have to decide whether you want to use the alarm as a CO alarm or as a smoke alarm. This is because smoke moves quickly towards the ceiling with the warm air of a fire and carbon monoxide spreads very slowly because it has almost the same density as the air in the room. By the time the carbon monoxide reaches the ceiling, the whole room is usually already flooded. You also face this problem with a CO thermo-detector combination. Many products of this CO detector type are offered as "smoke and CO detectors" or "combined CO detectors". Usually, however, a closer look at the description reveals the actual area of application for the carbon monoxide sensor: Slowly spreading fires or sulphur fires have a relatively low smoke development, but produce carbon monoxide gas. Thus, the warning detector can also sound the alarm in these cases. Multi-sensor detectors are therefore often already offered as fire detectors, such as the 3-sensor combination from Bosch.
• The risk of false alarms is reduced
• Detects any type of fire
• Inexpensive, medium-quality products available
• Decision problem in the area of application
• Very high price for high-quality products
• As a pure CO detector, only useful for very low ceilings
As mentioned above, a combination device CAN be used as a pure CO warning device if it is mounted accordingly. The website www.testberichte.dekommt also concludes that such a combination device makes little sense as a CO detector, if only from a practical point of view. It can only reliably warn of one or the other. On the other hand, such a device makes sense in small rooms with very low ceilings, e.g. in a caravan or inside a boat. Here, the CO concentration can be measured better. However, we would like to point out that if you want to use a combi device as a pure CO detector, you must study the product thoroughly before purchasing it. If in doubt, we advise you to use two separate detectors.
What can gas detectors do and what are their advantages and disadvantages?
Gas detectors measure the concentration of various toxic gases and sound an alarm as soon as a limit value is exceeded. Gas detectors are available that detect methane and ethane (natural gas), propane and butane (liquid gas) or carbon monoxide and warn of excessive concentrations. Combination devices are also on offer. This leads to a well-known problem. As you can probably guess, carbon monoxide, natural gas and LPG have different densities. That is why it is necessary to mount the gas detector either on the wall, the ceiling or near the floor. A combination gas detector that detects carbon monoxide and liquid gas or carbon monoxide and natural gas with the respective sensors is therefore not very useful.
• Detects different gases
• Usually very easy to install
• Decision problem in the area of application
• Compared to the pure CO detector, relatively high power consumption
Gas detectors usually have to be connected to a socket. On the one hand, this simplifies installation; on the other hand, a gas detector requires more energy than a conventional CO or smoke detector. This is due to the fact that a wire inside the detector is made to glow by a continuous current supply. When a gas comes into contact with the glowing wire, heat is generated by combustion. If there is enough heat, the gas detector will sound the alarm. As with the CO smoke and/or heat detector combinations, we encounter the problem with the combi gas detector that different installation locations make sense for different gases. So it does not reliably warn you of different gases at the same time. It makes sense to install a gas alarm in small rooms with very low ceilings, e.g. in a mobile home or inside a boat. However, we would like to point out once again that if you want to use a combination device purely as a CO detector, you must study the product thoroughly before purchasing it. If in doubt, we advise you to use separate detectors.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a portable/mobile CO alarm?
Portable CO detectors are often carried by fire brigades and rescue services during operations. But portable and free-standing CO detectors can also be useful for private use. For fire and rescue service personnel, small, portable carbon monoxide detectors are used to assess operational safety. These handheld devices are often very functionally designed and are therefore less suitable for use in the home. However, there are freestanding and portable CO detectors in modern or plain design that are indistinguishable from other warning detectors.
• Functional, modern or plain design available
• Flexible to use in different places
• Combination of different sensors makes sense
• Mostly no radio networking possible
A CO alarm that can be used flexibly in different rooms or taken along on holiday, in the car or caravan sounds sensible. In our opinion, it is. It would also make sense to combine a CO sensor with sensors for other toxic gases, smoke or heat. Depending on the area of application, you can place the alarm in the best place for it. But you have to know the behaviour of the respective gas. And again, you should not use a combination device in parallel for different gases and/or fires. The only shortcoming of portable or free-standing carbon monoxide alarms is that they usually lack the ability to be networked with other alarms and devices via radio.
Buying criteria: Use these factors to compare and evaluate CO detectors
The following article presents the factors you can use to compare and evaluate carbon monoxide detectors. This should help you decide whether a particular device is suitable for you or not. In summary, these are:
• Product weight
• Product dimensions
• Room coverage
• Operating temperature
• Power supply
• Sensor lifetime
• LCD display
• Battery level indicator
• Control LED
• Audible and visual alarm
• Alarm levels
• Alarm volume
• Test function
• Memory function
• Certification
• Warranty
• Areas of application
• Wall mounting / Stand mounting
• Instructions D/E
In the following paragraphs you can read about the individual criteria and how you can classify them.
Product weight
This criterion is especially relevant for mobile CO detectors. The lighter a detector is, the more handy and practical it is for flexible use. For CO alarms that you mount on the wall, this criterion does not really matter. Your wall should be able to withstand any type of CO detector. However, if you are inclined towards a mobile CO alarm because you want to take it with you on holiday, for example, it is of course more practical if it is as light as possible. Weight is even more important for CO detectors that you want to carry with you all the time. This is the case, for example, with fire brigades and rescue services.
Product dimensions
The "size" of the warning device is not only important for mobile devices. The larger a wall-mounted CO detector is, the more it attracts attention. The larger the CO alarm is, the less practical it is. This applies mainly to mobile CO detectors. But free-standing detectors also take up unnecessary space. So why buy a large detector when you can have the same functions in a more compact form? A CO alarm that you mount on the wall should be easily visible and the display should be large enough and easy to read. However, its size should not attract attention and it should be discreet. With today's technological advances, you can use the following guiding principle as a guide: As small as possible but as big as necessary.
Room coverage
The room size should not exceed the detection range of the carbon monoxide sensor. Unfortunately, manufacturers do not always provide this information. Especially for large rooms, it is important to know the maximum detection range of a CO sensor. If the room size exceeds the specified maximum value, the alarm may not be triggered. Unfortunately, only a few manufacturers provide this information. The detection areas we have researched vary from 20 - 60 m². If you are not sure and want to equip a larger room with a CO detector, an e-mail to the manufacturer can help, or you can go to a specialist shop and ask a competent employee in person.
Operating temperature
Do you want to install a CO alarm in the cellar? Even though almost all alarms are operational from 0 °C, it may make sense to consider a warning device with a wider operating temperature range. Cellars without heating can get quite cold in winter. Likewise, smaller rooms can heat up considerably if they are exposed to strong sunlight during the day in summer. This can lead to the CO sensor not working properly and the alarm not being triggered. Or it can lead to false alarms. The smallest range in which CO sensors work properly, according to the manufacturer, is between 0 and 40 °C. Certain alarms have a wider range from -10 to a maximum of 50 °C. If you are unsure, first determine the room temperature with the help of a thermometer.
Power supply
It is not only for the sake of the environment that permanently installed lithium batteries make sense. Even if you are reminded to change the batteries via an LED or a display, this can be overlooked. Many CO detectors are powered by one to three AA batteries or a 9 volt block battery. When the batteries run out, most models will remind you. New batteries must then be inserted and the old ones disposed of. The danger here is that, despite the LED and/or display, this can simply be overlooked. After some time, you often no longer pay active attention to minor changes.. The newer models from the leading manufacturers are usually equipped with a permanently installed lithium battery. The service life is the same as that of the CO sensor. Therefore, you don't have to worry about the batteries. Moreover, one lithium battery and several AA or monobloc batteries only make a slight difference in terms of cost. Another option is to power the detector by plugging it into a wall socket. This is the case with many gas detectors, as they require a comparatively large amount of power.
Sensor service life
The service life (up to 10 years) of the CO sensor is one of the most important criteria. From an economic point of view alone, cheap products with a short service life (e.g. 1 year) do not make sense. It is more worthwhile to invest once in a quality product with a long service life. Many no-name products may seem like a bargain at first, but often have a very low life expectancy. In most cases, this is between one and three years. Then the CO sensor breaks down, the alarm no longer detects the gas and has to be replaced. Current products from leading manufacturers already achieve a sensor life expectancy of up to 10 years. These are a little more expensive to buy, but then you have a quality product and thus a device with a higher yield in this area.
Kohlenmonoxid Gas-Melder
When making such purchases, the quality should be in the foreground, not the price! It could save lives.
LCD display
Depending on the supplier and model, you can easily use various functions of the CO alarm via a display. Display the ppm value or the temperature, check the battery level, read out the memory, etc. Nowadays, pretty much every product has a display, even toothbrushes. With your CO detector, however, such a display is actually useful. Additional features that many detectors have can usually be controlled very easily via a display. Important features are presented below as additional criteria. Reading the ppm value or the peak value memory is not possible without a display. Your CO alarm should have a display in any case. A useful gimmick is a time-limited backlight to guarantee the readability of the display.
Battery level indicator
A battery level indicator is important! In any case, your CO detector should alert you in some way that the battery is running low. Many detectors use a red or yellow LED to draw your attention to a low battery level. This flashes or lights up permanently for a certain period of time. This is especially important for battery-operated devices where you have to change batteries frequently. If the CO alarm has a display, the battery level is shown continuously on some models. This way you can also see in advance how long the AA or lithium battery will last. An additional flashing LED when the battery level is low is also useful here. This reminds you even if you are not always actively checking the display.
Control LED
An LED should inform you of the operating status. Either permanently or at the latest in the event of a malfunction. Not all CO warning devices show you via a green flashing or permanently lit LED that everything is OK with your carbon monoxide detector. On the one hand, this would be a useful feature, but on the other hand, such a flashing light can be extremely annoying, especially in the bedroom. There is another solution for bedrooms. You can perform a manual test on many CO alarms, whereupon you will be informed via an LED whether your device is working properly. Other alarms are equipped with a self-test function. If this test reveals that any function is not working properly, this is automatically signalled by a red flashing or permanently lit LED. Some detectors also sound an alarm.
Acoustic and visual alarms
Visual signals are particularly important for the hearing impaired. However, you have to decide whether a flashing LED is sufficient or whether you need an additional module for the hearing impaired. This is also about the alarm in case of malfunctions. In addition to the acoustic alarm, some warning detectors also signal visually whether there is a CO danger or that something is wrong with your device. If a CO alarm is triggered, a visual alarm is useful for the hearing impaired. Whether a flashing LED is sufficient is another question. For the bedroom, we advise you to use an additional module for the hearing impaired. That will wake you up in any case. However, it is also possible that only short, regular alarm tones are emitted in the event of a malfunction. If this is less easy to detect for a hearing-impaired person, a visual signal can alert this person to the malfunction and appropriate steps can be taken. Since the danger here is not acute, an additional visual alarm can be an alternative to the expensive add-on module.
Alarm levels
For carbon monoxide alarms, there are legal requirements as to the concentrations above which the alarm must be triggered within a certain time. However, for small children, for example, it can be useful if the alarm is triggered earlier. The legal requirements according to the EU certification EN 50291 state that the CO alarm must alert you at carbon monoxide concentrations of 50, 100 and 300 ppm within a certain period of time. The exact data can be found in the table in the section Trivia - How does a CO detector work? However, small children, pregnant women and people with heart conditions are more sensitive to carbon monoxide and even a low concentration can cause damage. For rooms of affected persons, it is then advisable to pay attention to the alarm levels when buying a CO alarm. There are devices on the market that activate even at concentrations lower than the legal minimum requirements.
Alarm volume
The legal minimum volume of a CO alarm is 85 dB. So make sure that your CO detector does not fall below this value! Otherwise it will probably not be approved in Europe. The volume of CO detectors is usually given in dB at a distance. For example, a value of 85 dB at one metre means that the alarm has a volume of 85 dB when you stand one metre away from it. This is about the average volume of a petrol lawnmower. A value below this volume is not permitted by law. Therefore, you should also pay attention to this product information. Some louder CO alarms still reach 85 dB at a distance of three metres. However, much louder alarms are rather the exception.
Rauch-und CO-Melder
The volume of a CO detector is usually in the same range as that of a fire detector. The CO detector also hardly differs from the smoke detector in other properties, which is understandable since there is not much difference in the way they work. (Photo: leekris / 123RF)
Test function
You should be able to test your CO detector. How else do you know if it works? Most CO detectors are equipped with such a function. Whether you have to test manually using a test button or your detector has a self-test function. This way you can be sure that all functions are working properly. If something is not working properly, you will be notified by a visual and/or acoustic alarm. If your CO alarm is not equipped with either of these features, your only option is to buy a test gas. You should test your warning device in any case. Otherwise it may be useless.
Memory function
This function allows you to see whether an increased CO concentration was recorded or an alarm was triggered in your absence. If you are away for a while, for example on holiday, you can use the memory function to find out various things. Most warning devices show you whether an alarm was triggered in your absence. In addition, some CO detectors also record smaller increases in CO concentration and then display them on the peak value display. Even a small increase in CO concentration can be an indication of a leak or a CO source. With a peak value memory function, you will be notified of this possibility after your return and can get to the bottom of it. The storage period varies greatly across the models.
Certificates tell you whether a CO detector is approved in Europe and complies with national regulations. Your CO alarm should at least comply with the European standard 50291 from 2010. EN 50291-1:2010 are the minimum European requirements for a carbon monoxide alarm for domestic use. Your alarm should definitely comply with this standard. Note, however, that this standard only applies to private households. If you want to install your CO alarm in a caravan, motor home or boat, the warning device must also comply with the EN 50291-2:2010 standard. If both sub-standards are met, the manufacturer usually simply states "EN 50291 certified". You can read about the relevant standards and certifications in the section Guide - What standards should your CO detector meet and what certifications are there? If you decide on a CO smoke and/or heat detector combination or a gas detector, note that your detector must comply with other standards. If you want to be warned of other gases, temperature and smoke in addition to carbon monoxide, there are special standards for these.
A manufacturer's warranty, whether for 3 years or the entire service life, is a plus. The leading manufacturers actually always give a guarantee. Often over 3 - 5 years, with the newer models sometimes over the entire life of the CO sensor. This means you get a free repair or a replacement device if your alarm does break down.
Areas of use
Where you can use the CO alarm depends on the EU certification. In addition to warning devices exclusively for household use, some CO detectors can also be used in caravans, mobile homes and boats. This criterion is intended to show you where you can use your carbon monoxide detector if you are not familiar with the relevant EU standards and certifications. Although the areas of application are dependent on these standards, it is quite cumbersome to find out about every standard.
Not all carbon monoxide detectors can be used in all areas!
Facts worth knowing about CO detectors
How does a CO detector work?
The carbon monoxide detector has an electrochemical sensor that measures the concentration of carbon monoxide gas in the room air. The electrochemical sensor cell is based on tin dioxide (SnO²). When this substance comes into contact with carbon monoxide, the conductivity changes through a reaction. Even the smallest change in conductivity and the associated change in resistance is analysed and evaluated by the CO detector. At low CO concentrations, the warning device calculates the time period in which it becomes dangerous for people and triggers the alarm beforehand. There are minimum legal requirements for the time until the alarm is triggered depending on the CO concentration: The alarm levels can usually be found in the product details. Many carbon monoxide detectors also have a pre-alarm that is activated at lower concentrations. This is usually done via a visual signal on the display or via an LED.
How and where exactly do you install your CO detector?
The best way to find out "how" is to refer to the enclosed installation instructions. CO detectors should be installed in the middle wall area in rooms with CO sources as well as in bedrooms and living rooms. You have already learned above what sources of carbon monoxide leakage there may be. CO detectors should be installed in rooms with such sources, in bedrooms and living rooms as well as in fuel stores. The alarm must be audible everywhere, so it is best to think about a wireless carbon monoxide alarm. Especially if you live in a large building. Mount the alarm in the middle to upper wall area at a height of approx. 1.50 to 2.00 m. The display must be easy to see. The display must be easily visible. Keep at least two metres away from CO sources, otherwise there is a risk of a false alarm. It is even more important that you do not install the alarm near windows, doors, extractor bonnets or similar. Fresh air flowing in and draughts in general can greatly falsify the readings. In the worst case, the CO detector will not even trigger the alarm. Other circumstances that can lead to false readings are strong climatic fluctuations and high humidity, such as in showers or bathrooms. If you are unsure, ask a competent dealer for safety technology. If you do not opt for the mobile version, CO detectors are usually fixed to the wall with two screws and dowels. The size of the screws and the depth of the drill holes varies. Fastening with the help of glue, magnets or similar is also possible. For more details, simply refer to the enclosed operating/assembly instructions.
How do you maintain and test your CO detector?
With battery-operated CO detectors, maintenance only consists of changing the batteries and testing. Many CO detectors have a self-check function or at least a test button. However, only a CO detector test device is really reliable. You should service or test your CO detector from time to time. With battery-operated detectors, you do this as soon as the batteries need to be changed. This is not necessary for detectors with lithium batteries, as their service life corresponds to that of the CO alarm. The self-checking function of some CO alarms tests itself and notifies you of malfunctions via the display, an LED or a separate alarm. In the case of devices with a test button, you must perform the test manually. To be on the safe side, you can also get a CO detector test device. This allows you to test whether the CO sensor really reacts when it comes into contact with carbon monoxide gas and sounds the alarm.
What to do in case of a carbon monoxide alarm?
Do not panic! Open the windows and quickly leave the house with your family or other residents. Then dial the emergency number. If the CO alarm goes off, you should react quickly: open the windows. Of course, you should not run through the house in a panic and open every window. This is more about bringing some fresh air into the room you are in. Then leave the house with your family and inform the other residents if they did not hear the alarm. But only as long as you do not endanger yourself. Then dial 112 for the emergency call and wait until the rescue service or the fire brigade has arrived. You must then inform them of your suspicion of carbon monoxide poisoning. It is important that you do not re-enter the room until it has been cleared. Even if the carbon monoxide problem is fixed and it seems safe again, it is of utmost importance that the CO sources are found and appropriate repairs are made!
Image source: / ferarcosn
Why you can trust me?
|
Rabbi Gittelsohn’s Iwo Jima Sermon
A rabbi's eulogy for World War II heroes became famous after a bigoted attempt to ban it.
The fight for Iwo Jima in 1945 was one of the bloodiest of World War II. A tiny island in the Pacific dominated by a volcanic mountain and pockmarked with caves, Iwo Jima was the setting for a five-week, nonstop battle between 70,000 American Marines and an unknown number of deeply entrenched Japanese defenders. The courage and gallantry of the American forces, climaxed by the dramatic raising of the American flag over Mount Suribachi, is memorialized in the Marine Corps monument in Washington, DC. Less remembered, however, is that the battle occasioned an eloquent eulogy by a Marine Corps rabbi that has become an American classic.
Rabbi Roland B. Gittelsohn (1910-1995), assigned to the Fifth Marine Division, was the first Jewish chaplain the Marine Corps ever appointed. The American invading force at Iwo Jima included approximately 1,500 Jewish Marines. Rabbi Gittelsohn was in the thick of the fray, ministering to Marines of all faiths in the combat zone. He shared the fear, horror and despair of the fighting men, each of whom knew that each day might be his last. Roland Gittelsohn’s tireless efforts to comfort the wounded and encourage the fearful won him three service ribbons.
When the fighting was over, Division Chaplain Warren Cuthriell, a Protestant minister, asked Rabbi Gittelsohn to deliver the memorial sermon at a combined religious service dedicating the Marine Cemetery. Cuthriell wanted all the fallen Marines –black and white, Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish — honored in a single, nondenominational ceremony. Unfortunately, racial and religious prejudice was strong in the Marine Corps, as it was throughout America. According to Rabbi Gittelsohn, the majority of Christian chaplains objected to having a rabbi preach over predominantly Christian graves. The Catholic chaplains, in keeping with church doctrine, opposed any form of joint religious service.
Discover More
Why I Want To Serve As A Rabbi… For The Military
When you enter rabbinical school, you get used to a couple of questions. Chief among them: What made you decide ...
Ordination of Women as Rabbis
Women rabbis in history and in the news.
When a Pennsylvania Leader Invited Jesus to Thanksgiving
In 1868, Philadelphia's Jews united in protest after their governor Christianized the holiday.
|
During a job interview, it’s likely you will be asked how well you work under pressure. ". In/on/under worksheets Teaching Kids who Canñññt Read? The ability to work under pressure is an extremely valuable quality. Samples showing the layout and format of trustees’ annual reports and accounts under SORP 2005. 9. Where is the rabbit? They were sitting by the tree. Nobody under 18 is allowed to buy alcohol. 1. This is to help you understand why they achieved a good 2:1 mark but also, more importantly, how the marks could have been improved. There are books the bookshelf. Under fire: You are being personally blamed for the problems that are happening. There is some milk in the fridge. Sunday December 20 2020, 12.01am, The … (preposition) Under voting age. Case 1 in Table 1 illustrates the crop value when the harvest price is less than the projected price. Visit this page now! 4 Great Novels that Will Help You Learn English. In a terrible state: Either a person is very upset about something, or something is very disorganised and confusing, In a fix / In a mess / In a pickle: To be in a difficult situation, In the firing line: The person who will get blamed or in trouble over what has happened, In demand: Lots of people want this thing or this person, Under pressure: Experiencing lots of stress, or people are expecting you to succeed at something difficult, Under fire: You are being personally blamed for the problems that are happening, Under his/her thumb: When a person seems to be controlled by someone else. Where is the rabbit? Sing along with Teacher Meredith and practice prepositions! Examples: I think it’s a vessel for; The italicized word “for” is a preposition which describes the relationship between the words “vessel” and “weapons.” The child quickly hid under the thick covers. Jack Glynn leads by example in Under-20 final as Galway hold on Dublin 0-13 Galway 1-11. See more. Description: In this case, the service provider pays … under preposition (LOWER POSITION) in or to a position below or lower than (something else ), often so that one thing covers the other: Our dog hides under the bed whenever we have a lightning storm. See examples of Under in English. In! We'll arrive before it's too late) on "on time" (I.e. When we use under, we can also mean that one thing is touching or covering something else. On demand: Something that you can have or do as soon as you want it, without having to wait. at the same time: We finished the test at the same time. When one undersamples a bandpass signal, the samples are indistinguishable from the samples of a low-frequency alias of the high-frequency signal. Another way of saying this is "In their own little world". For example, they can make up sentences like, “The rabbit is by the bed” or “The apple is in the bowl.” While it can be overwhelming to help teach your child grammar, it doesn’t have to be! It took us under an hour. Under case 1, the crop value under ECO 95% is $72 per acre (200 TA-APH x $4.00 projected price x .09). On a roll: This also means that things are going really well, On it: This means that you have started doing something/ are about to start it, e.g. By! Free playlearning™ content curated by the Lingokids educators team. On, in, under, by. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. on in under Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. On the ball: Aware of what's going on around you and good at dealing with problems. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. We study the use of preposition words because they help us talk about direction, time, and location. Take a … or "You're on fire today!" Example answer: Your company stood out when I was researching the leading electronics companies in the country. Service tax is a tax levied by the government on service providers on certain service transactions, but is actually borne by the customers. We'll arrive exactly when we're supposed to)? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Encourage your children to sing along and use their own stuffed animal or toy just like Teacher Meredith. 7. I am aware of your dedication to the development of innovative consumer products and I believe that this role would be the perfect fit considering my strong design background. at the weekend* I don't usually work at the weekend. We took shelter under an oak tree. Here are some common English phrases that use 'in', 'on' and 'under' that will help you to become much more fluent when you use them correctly. On, in, under, by. below the surface of something; covered by something. Download the worksheet using the red download button at the top. For example, they can make up sentences like, “The rabbit is by the bed” or “The apple is in the bowl.”. Previous Word by Letter: uncle. On! directly below or at a lower level than something. The boat lay under several feet of water. She uses on, in, under, and by. "Did you call the client about the new contract?" 2 : below the surface of under the sea. The book belongs to Anthony. On fire: Often this really does mean that something is burning, but when a person says 'I'm on fire!" 5. On, in, under, by. However, the same hobby can add tremendous weight to your CV if you apply for a job as a video game developer, graphics designer or as a shop assistant at your local games shop! Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. What is a preposition? "Under" Phrases. Tyrese says his divorce is an example of how Black families and marriages are under … an annual income of under £10 000. Would you like to get language learning tips sent straight to your inbox? As an example, the farm has a 200 bushel per acre TA-APH yield, and the projected price is $4.00 per bushel. they usually mean that they are impressed by how much work you are doing or how successful you have been. For example, Netflix is an 'on demand' TV service. Sing along with Teacher Meredith and practice prepositions! For samples under SORP FRSSE and SORP FRS 102, see detail below. It is categorized under Indirect Tax and came into existence under the Finance Act, 1994. Giving a good response may increase your chances of being hired. How to use this In On Under Worksheet. 8. What's more, when it comes to idioms and metaphors, you really do have to learn the correct prepositions by heart. Itñññs Easy with Kiz Phonics We offer carefully designed phonics worksheets, games, videos and flash cards you will find on our site. 1. below or covered by something. The dolphin jumped out of the water, then dove back under. On, in, under, by. See examples of In on under. ". " Real sentences showing how to use In on under correctly. Today, let’s learn about prepositions in English. The owl is IN UNDER the tree. Here are some examples of prepositional phrases: 'under' the desk 'during' the lecture 'across' the yard 'after' lunch 'behind' the tree . Susan is BETWEEN BEHIND Mum and Dad. This is your opportunity to show you are likely to perform well even under … On, in, under, by. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. For example, “playing computer games” as a hobby is irrelevant to most jobs and may sometimes portray you as a self-absorbed individual living in their own little cyber world. Thanks to this partnership, kids can enjoy hours of our chants and videos, featuring their favorite Lingocharacters. An over–under or over/under (O/U) bet is a wager in which a sportsbook will predict a number for a statistic in a given game (usually the combined score of the two teams), and bettors wager that the actual number in the game will be either higher or lower than that number. 3. Dictionary ! English for Kids. help them make their own prepositional phrase. 3 : in or into such a position as to be covered or hidden by I wore a sweater … Some examples of common prepositions used in sentences are: 1. at present: He's not home at present. He drove over the bridge. Los 3 mejores métodos para aprender inglés. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Let us know in the comments section below! If your kids are comfortable saying these words, help them make their own prepositional phrase! Next Word by Letter: understand. Examples are based on claim periods using a … Download and print Turtle Diary's Complete the Sentences using Preposition in On and Under worksheet. as an adverb (without a following noun): Jump into the water and see how long you can stay under.Children aged five and under can get in for half-price. Where is the rabbit? Under-positioning is a failure to establish or communicate a compelling competitive position for a brand, product or service.The result is that customers see no reason to select your product from an array of options. 32 30 I abhor the conditions under which we commercially raise farm animals today. © Eurocentres Under definition, beneath and covered by: under a table; under a tree. Our large collection of ela worksheets are a great study tool for all ages. ". " Menu. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Sometimes you just have to remember them. Getting your propositions right isn't always perfectly logical. On, in, under, by. Watch the video to hear Teacher Meredith sing a song using preposition words! ‘However, it could be less than half of the expected amount, or under £750 in our example.’ ‘The tasks are often to write a short story under a certain amount of words.’ ‘Mr Delaney said he was very happy to report that he had a heart rate of under 60 beats to the minute.’ Try later. These common prepositions can be used to describe a location, time or place. On another planet: When someone seems very distracted or unaware of what is happening around them. Unfortunately, there are just no easy answers to these questions. Declan Bogue. The princess, picking up her dress, was taking her seat in the dark carriage, her husband was adjusting his saber; Prince Hippolyte, under pretense of helping, was in everyone's way. Te cuento mi experiencia! A collection of English ESL worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and English classes to teach about in, on, under, in on under Tyrese says his divorce is an example of how Black families and marriages are under attack. She was holding the umbrella under … On, in, under, by. FREE playlearning™ content curated by the Lingokids educators team. Real sentences showing how to use Under correctly. Under! The cat jumped off the counter. Where is the rabbit? 2. less than; younger than. Prepositions can be very confusing. She lost her ring at the beach. These prepositions are great for children who are just beginning to learn English grammar, as they can be explained using simple games, songs, and activities. Privacy Policy. Under his/her thumb: When a person seems to be controlled by someone else. : 3. The witch and the Prince are IN IN FRONT OF the castle. On, in, under, by. We do not use below in this way: 1a. The cat is under the table. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to … Example; at night: The stars shine at night. On a bender: When someone goes out partying or drinking heavily for a long period of time, we say that they are "on a bender". While it can be overwhelming to help teach your child grammar, it doesn’t have to be! In On Under Worksheet – Learn the difference between In, On and Under and how we use them with our free to download grammar worksheet for kids. Some preposition examples include the words “in,” “from,” “at,” and “above.” Thank goodness for prepositions! Why do we distinguish between being "in time" (I.e. The sign was too low, so the truck could not go under. Why do English-speaking people say that they are "in the car" but "on the train"? All Rights Reserved On, in, under, by. The following are illustrative examples. 5 Most Common Myths about Studying English Abroad. The word “under” is a preposition which links the nouns “child” and “covers,” and shows the relationship between the two. Please read about the annotations (PDF) to help you make the most of the two examples. Under the weather: Feeling unwell "On" Phrases 6. On, in, under, by. There's a computer the table. He sat on the chair. On, in, under, by. In, on, under + bedroom vocabulary. Simple prepositions are words like at, for, in, off, on, over, and under. She was hiding under the table. 1. at Christmas*/Easter: I stay with my family at Christmas. Why do we say that we are "in control" of a situation, but also that the situation is "under control"? In signal processing, undersampling or bandpass sampling is a technique where one samples a bandpass-filtered signal at a sample rate below its Nyquist rate (twice the upper cutoff frequency), but is still able to reconstruct the signal.. The following two examples have been annotated with academic comments. Dictionary Thesaurus Examples Sentences Quotes Reference Spanish ... An example of under is a trash can located below a kitchen sink. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. : 4. We teamed up with Pluto TV to offer children access to our video content catalogue on demand. Kids Definition of under (Entry 2 of 3) 1 : lower than and topped or sheltered by under a tree. prepositions exercise. 4. For example, in Super Bowl XXXIX, most Las Vegas casinos set the over–under for the score of the game at 46.0. On, in, under, by. A preposition is a word that connects a noun or pronoun to other parts of the sentence. Which English prepositions do you struggle with most? Preference cookies are used to store user preferences to provide content that is customized and convenient for the users, like the language of the website or the location of the visitor. Less than the required amount or degree of. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. There's a car the chair. I'm actually in the film for just under two minutes. "Yes, I'm on it!". Preposition … Under pressure: Experiencing lots of stress, or people are expecting you to succeed at something difficult. When talking about location, we use prepositions of place like on, in, under or by. His shoes were under his bed. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. 2. This example demonstrates the full sequence of calculation steps that an employer must take when claiming through the scheme. Everything you need to help a child learn to read through phonics: decodable stories, listening exercises, you name it. 2. Example sentences: " There was a big wave and the surfer went under. Sign up today!
Peg Perego Rzr 900 Parts, Asl Sign For Menstrual Period, Georgetown University School Of Medicine Notable Alumni, Swa-8500s Vs Swa-9000s, Wonderland Book Series, Jute Rugs Online, Where Was Sarah Willis Born, Unison Teaching Assistant, Bounce House For Sale Amazon,
|
7 Facts You Didn’t Know About Honey
Who here loves honey? Honey is an incredible substance -- and it’s not just tasty on biscuits and fruit. It can be used to make everything from alcohol to soap. To celebrate our partnership with Hon’s Honey, here are a few cool facts you didn’t know about honey...and don’t forget to get some honey products from them on our website
1. Honey’s flavor comes from the pollen that bees are gathering
You might think you know what honey tastes like, but if you’ve only ever had clover, orange blossom, or wildflower honey, you could be in for a surprise! There are so many other natural flavors of honey out there, like blackberry, tupelo, and and sage. It all depends on which plants the bees that made the honey have visited.
1. The name ‘Melissa’ comes from the Greek word for honey bee
Do you know a Melissa? Well, she’s probably pretty sweet! ‘Mel’ is the Greek root for honey, and ‘Meliss’ refers to honey bees. The same root gives us the word ‘mellifluous’, which means sweet-sounding. Don’t confuse it with the Greek root ‘mal’, which means bad or evil!
1. Only seven species of bees make honey
There are thousands of bee species on Earth -- over 20,000, in fact! They do all kinds of things, like build nests, dig holes, and pollinate plants. But out of all of those bees, only seven species actually create honey.
1. Honey bees have to learn how to make honey
A newborn bee doesn’t automatically know how honey-making happens! Instead, older, more experienced bees show the newbies (or should we say, new-bees) the ropes. Soon, the young bees will become essential members of life in the hive.
1. The average American consumes a pound of honey every year
What’s your favorite thing to eat with honey? It’s popular with tea, yogurt, freshly baked bread, and of course as a glaze for meat. No matter how you enjoy it, you’re probably eating about a pound of it every year.
1. Honey never spoils (under the right conditions)
If you leave honey out or let it get wet, yes, it will spoil -- it’s not magic (even if it tastes pretty magical). However, if you store honey properly by putting it in an airtight container in a cool, dry place, it will indeed never go bad. Honey has natural antibacterial properties that keep spoilage at bay.
1. Some wasps also make honey
We don’t normally associate wasps with making delicious honey, but some of them do! The Mexican Honey Wasp, for example, creates honey, just like bees. You might not get to eat wasp honey anytime soon, but you probably still benefit from their existence -- they’re pollinators of tasty Mexican avocados, too.
|
Tunisia - Size Explorer - Compare the world
Select category:
Select category
Country 1
Country 2
Search in
Tunisia / COVID-19
Population 0
Total Confirmed 666168
Active 642630
Total deaths 23538
Total recovered 0
Death rate 3.53 %
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a state in the Maghreb region of North Africa, covering 163,610 square kilometres (63,170 square miles). Cape Angela, its northernmost point, is also the northernmost point on the continent. Tunisia is east and bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north. Tunisia's population was 11.7 million in 2019. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis (Berber native name: Tunest), which is located on its northeast shore. Tunisia contains the northern reaches of the Sahara desert, and the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its 1,300 kilometres (810 miles) of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and southern areas of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third closest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is a unitary representative democratic republic. It's thought of as the only fully democratic state in the Arab world. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel--Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the USA. Tunisia is also a country party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and a member state of the United Nations. Connections with Europe, through privatisation, economic cooperation and modernization, have been forged in particular with France and with Italy. In ancient times, Berbers inhabited Tunisia. Phoenician immigration started in the 12th century BC; those immigrants founded Carthage. A military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage and A mercantile power was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans occupied Tunisia for the majority of the next 800 years, introduced Christianity and abandoned legacies. After several attempts starting in 647, Muslims introduced Islam and conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697. After a succession of campaigns beginning to conquer and colonize the area, control was established by the Ottoman Empire in 1574 and held sway for over 300 decades afterwards. French colonization of Tunisia happened in 1881. Tunisia gained independence and announced the Tunisian Republic in 1957. The Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by elections. The country voted for parliament on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014. Consequently, Tunisia is the only country in North Africa categorized as"Free" by the Freedom House organization and is also considered by The Economist's Democracy Index as the only democracy in the Arab World.
Source: Wikipedia
|
My Cart
Caffe Vergnano Academy - Course Details
- History of coffee beans.
- Factors that influence differences in bean density including coffee origin.
- The composition of the bean and what the components contribute in flavour and body.
- how different amounts, and combinations of sweet, acid, bitter affect flavour and Balance.
- Evaluate by cupping different Origins processing and roast profiles.
- how much caffeine typically is in a decaffeinated coffee vs coffee that has been unaltered and the effects on extraction and flavour.
- how the amount of Co2 that is retained within roasted coffee on any given roast date affects brew recipes.
- how different packaging methods affect freshness.
- Difference between freshly brewed coffee and instant coffee.
- Specialty coffee is distinct from commercial grade and defect coffees
-Basic difference between taste and flavour.
-Importance that freshness has in relation to quality coffee flavour.
-Coffee is derived from the fruit of a tree
-Geographical areas involved in growing coffee
-Main processing methods)
- The acceptable range
- The correct terminology to identify parts of grinder.
- The correct dosing action to achieve correct input with minimal waste.
- Calibration of a grinder.
- The correct use of a tamper.
- Purpose of latest features on espresso machines.
- Adjustments in pressure may cause the flow rate and dissolving of compounds to increase or decrease
- Adjustments in temperature
- How extraction measurement tools and techniques relate to the assessment of espresso
- Process of measurement using such tools.
- The interrelationship of the various extraction parameters and its effects Analysis of inconsistencies other baristas have with their extraction techniques.
- Establish a wide experience of coffees of various species/origins/process/roast informs brewing decisions and advise customers-Apply terminology within the SCA Flavor wheel to describe a wide range of coffees of various species/origins/process/roast
- Can discern an origin, processing style and roast level and give objective flavor descriptors to a customer.
- Range of different equipment and methods available to brew coffee -The basic principles of brewing coffee.
• EXTRACTION (Using the Professional Brewing Worksheet, formulate and carry out a brew plan for increasing/ decreasing extraction while maintaining consistent strength)
• STRENGTH (Explain coffee to water ratios and possible impacts on other elements. Using the Professional Brewing Worksheet, Construct and carry out a brew plan for increasing/ decreasing strength while maintaining consistent extraction)
• GRIND SIZE (Recognize contributions that different sized Particles-Recognize effect of grinder burr edge quality on particle Quality)
Recognizes standards for drink range as well as regional variations around the World Applies techniques to prepare complex orders of drinks quickly and efficiently
-Evaluates necessary information for espresso menus with regard to content and design.
Importance of good techniques for daily cleaning of the grinder and espresso machine.
- The difference between single and multiple boiler espresso machines
- The process and importance Of- Pump pressure adjustment -cleaning and changing grinder burrs -changing a gasket on the group head (including dispersion screen) - reassembling steam wands - changing water filters)
you will have both theory and practical exams at the end of the course.
If you are interested to enrol into these courses, please click here and submit the form now.
Free Shipping On Orders Above AED 300
All Prices Include VAT
|
Published: 14 September 2020
CSI Surrey: students unearth the truth!
Chemistry students became detectives for the day when they were faced with bloody fingerprints, suspicious-looking items and even a body during a practical exercise as part of their Year 1 studies.
Crime Scene Investigation Day
At the Crime Scene Investigation Day, students arrived to see three mock crime scenes and were challenged to piece together the evidence they found to determine the crime that had been committed.
The students were divided into three groups, with each group investigating a different crime scene. Set up at locations around campus were an outside scene featuring a fake body; a stairwell scene with fake blood, a ladder and bottles; and a laboratory scene representing a large industrial environment.
Having dressing in appropriate clothing, the investigators took evidence from their crime scene including doing a chemical test, swab and analysis for fingerprints. In the chemistry labs they then recorded what they believed had happened, linking together evidence from all three scenes to deduce the crime that had been committed. The final task was to develop a statement and locus report similar to those provided to courts in criminal cases.
The field day was part of the Year 1 ‘Fundamentals of Forensic Science: From Crime Scene to Court’ module, which aims to introduce students to the chemical methods used in forensic science as well as the legal and procedural aspects.
Dr Patrick Sears, Senior Lecturer in Forensics analysis, said: “It was great to see how all the students got involved with investigating the crime scenes and analysing the evidence back in the lab. It was a really fun day for staff, demonstrators and the students and the way everyone worked together was fantastic.”
Students across all degree courses in the Department of Chemistry get the opportunity to learn about how science can be applied to criminal investigation, allowing them to study for a degree in chemistry while gaining an appreciation of forensic practices. The BSc (Hons)/MChem Chemistry with Forensic Investigation course combines the best of both disciplines and gives students a unique qualification which prepares them for a career within a forensic laboratory or the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Why not explore our programmes in chemistry, including our BSC (Hons)/MChem Chemistry with Forensic Investigation?
Share what you've read?
Related content
|
Pain Isn’t Normal – Stop Ignoring It!
Physical pain is something that a lot of us feel in different times of our lives. Whether it’s our back aching, muscles feeling sore or even a headache, we usually don’t think much about it. In many cases, we’ll just take some kind of medicine and get over it sooner or later. At least, that’s the “normal” approach.
But pain isn’t exactly normal. Most people don’t experience pain every second of the day and it’s not something healthy people deal with regularly.
In fact, pain happens when there’s some kind of tissue damage in your body. Sometimes with pain, it signals us to do something about it, and in some cases this can be an immediate reflex. For example, if you touch something that’s hot, you feel pain in your fingers and your muscles immediately contract to pull the hand away to limit damage.
But the pain in your body can’t exactly be avoided like this. This is why it’s helpful to be more aware of the pain we experience, what’s causing it and what you can do to limit it.
picture from Romina Farias via unsplash
How Do I Know When Pain Isn’t “Normal”?
It’s a good idea to get used to different kinds of pain and where they come from so you know what the right reaction is. For instance, if you’re feeling a headache then you can trace back a few hours or even a day to see what could have caused it. A great example of this could simply be a headache. Some people forget to drink water throughout the day which leads to dehydration and ultimately a headache. If the pain isn’t bothering you much, make a note of the possible causes and try to fix them. It could just mean that you’re not drinking enough water or it might even be caused by stress. If this helps you take care of the pain then you’ll know what causes it. In the future, you’ll know how to deal with the pain and you can get a better understanding of it.
What can you do about the pain?
In most cases, you should be speaking to a doctor if you’re experiencing long-term pain or debilitating pain that limits your actions. Certain types of pain, such as from your body or joints, could be fixed by visiting a chiropractor or looking at lifestyle habits such as your posture when walking or sitting. Since pain is subjective, everyone experiences it differently and there are no two solutions that are the same.
However, regardless of the pain you experience, you should never overlook it and treat it as normal. Yes, there are certain types of pain that we’ll always experience in our lives. For instance, working out will make your muscles sore and walking for a long time will hurt your feet. However, if you experience unexplainable pain or debilitating pain that prevents you from doing your daily tasks, you should absolutely speak to a specialist as soon as possible and stop ignoring it.
Leave a Reply
%d bloggers like this:
|
1. Chiropractic Care for Children
2. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
3. Hypertension: Global Health Concern
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant and growing global health concern. Due to hypertension, about 7.5 million people die each year. This is because hypertension is the leading risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and premature death. It is expected that the number of individuals…Read More
4. Chiropractic: A Popular Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Chiropractors are some of the most popular complementary and alternative health practitioners in the United States. And with good reason. There’s plenty of science that shows that going to a chiropractor for back pain or neck pain—and many other health issues—can be effective. Chiropractors ar…Read More
5. Should you see a chiropractor?
Should you see a chiropractor? In the U.S., millions of Americans visit their chiropractors for various reasons. Chiropractors use uniquely stylized treatments to address different areas of concern. The four big concerns that you should consider when contemplating a visit to the chiropractor are low…Read More
6. How a Chiropractor helps with Health
A chiropractor is a healthcare professional who focuses on the muscles and skeleton and uses hands-on therapies to promote health. Chiropractors are licensed professionals who use manual therapies—as well as other forms of treatment like exercise and nutrition—to help the body heal itself. c Chi…Read More
7. Staying Healthy During Self-isolation
Around the world, we are currently going through a phase where social distancing is highly recommended by the health experts. Social distancing is defined as the avoidance of close interactions with other individuals to minimize the transmission of pathogens during a contagious disease outbreak. Alt…Read More
8. Methods to Relieving Chronic Pain
9. Chiropractic for the Elderly
|
2019-01-22T12:43:13+00:00 Assignments
Topic: Response Discussion Summary: Racism and Ethnic Inequity
This paper concentrates on the primary theme of Topic: Response Discussion Summary: Racism and Ethnic Inequity in which you have to explain and evaluate its intricate aspects in detail. In addition to this, this paper has been reviewed and purchased by most of the students hence; it has been rated 4.8 points on the scale of 5 points. Besides, the price of this paper starts from £ 40. For more details and full access to the paper, please refer to the site.
Topic: Response Discussion Summary: Racism and Ethnic Inequity
Page 1: Read topic:
If you have read the book or seen the movie, "The Help" you can see a lot of what life was like before and during the Civil Rights Movement. Where do you see racial and ethnic equality today? (Ex., Try to imagine yourself on an airplane with a group of five or six young Middle Eastern men.) Do you think racism is as abundant today as 50-75 years ago?
Then my response: Racism and ethnic inequity has been a controversial issue in the United States, since colonial period and slave period. Human rights were granted unfairly among the citizens. Some group of people had access of quality education and granted voting rights and citizenship, while others endured seclusion and discrimination. The civil right movement aided in reducing the racial discrimination against black Americans and other races. However, racism and ethical discrimination has changed over the past years, a large number of Americans admit to have biased viewpoints against some races and ethnic groups. Racial discrimination against Middle Eastern people has existed for a long period f time; however, since the 9/11 attack racism has grown tremendously against people from the Middle East. The 9/11 attack was carried out by al-Qaeda group, whose members are derived from Middle East. The 9/11 attack is vivid on United States people mind such that when you board an aero plane with five or six young Middle Eastern men an individual might perceive them to be terrorist. Although, racial discrimination against the people of Middle Eastern had decreased, the 9/11 incident made American people to have biased viewpoints against Middle Eastern people.
Currently racism is not present as 70 years ago, since black people who suffered from racial discrimination gained same rights as white people, such as right to vote, visiting public locations and gaining access of quality education as white people. Moreover, organization and laws that are against racial discrimination have been formed to address racial and ethnic inequity. However, people still face racial discrimination, such as stereotyping of young black boys as dangerous and police killing of black people.
Now my peers response: Racism is an especially prominent topic in our society, especially lately considering current events. Undoubtedly, there are so many different groups of people who still experience the sting of those who judge solely on race. While I do believe (and hope) racism is less abundant than it was 50 years ago, it sadly is not completely gone. Thankfully, laws regarding race such as separate water fountains and bus seating have been abolished. However, even though the legal part has been greatly improved, it seems that from a societal standpoint we are still catching up. I think it’s inspiring when young parents talk about how their children truly do not notice race and simply see other children as themselves. That is a great hope for the future. I think it is important on a personal level to encourage others to respect everyone regardless of race or ethnic background because this can continue to grow from a personal conviction to a nationwide societal conviction.
What you write: Tell what you liked.agree with about my peers response to topic. Keeping in mind of my response to topic.
Page 2: Write a 300 word summary of chapter 9 (in attachments) Make sure it is 300 words, please.
Page 3. In America we are supposed to be a government of the people, by the people, for the people. Do you believe this is the type government we have today? Why or why not?
Discussion Questions Name: Course: Date: Institution: Page 1: Read topic: The scourge of racism has been the Achilles heel that plagues optimum racial relations among the various racial and ethnic groups within the American population. While traditionally racism has been associated with those actions against the black community, currently, the tide has changed to racism and ethnic discrimination against people of Middle Eastern descent. While this continues to be a problem and is continually growing to epic proportions, racism against the black community still continues to present a challenge. Indeed, it is common today to see people avoiding associations with people from the Middle East as they consider them to be terrorists. This behavior puts a strain on racial relations and brings back efforts to provide and inclusive society that treats all races a
0% Plagiarism Guaranteed & Custom Written, Tailored to your instructions
International House, 12 Constance Street, London, United Kingdom,
E16 2DQ
UK Registered Company # 11483120
100% Pass Guarantee
Order Now
View Our Samples
corona virus stop
|
JAPAN Tsunami
Image 8 of 42
< Prev Next >
On March 11, 2011, the earthquake of magnitude 9.0, the biggest earthquake in the history of Japan and the fourth biggest earthquake in the world after year 1900, shocked the Tohoku area of Japan. In about 30 minutes, devastating tsunami reached, affecting the coastline with a length of 500 km (310 miles). The tsunami wave height of 39 meters (128 feet) was recorded in a port town in Tohoku. The tsunami swallowed villages along the coast and washed away all houses. The earthquake and tsunami killed more than 15,800 people, and still more than 3,500 people are missing. <br />
<br />
Mr. Takemi Murakami, 56, in front of a shelter in Rikuzentakata, Iwate, in one month after the earthquake and tsunami. "The wall of water came with huge noise, breaking everything," he said. "It happened so quickly. It took away everything. The baseball stadium is still under the water. Nothing is left. The town, Rikuzentakata, has disappeared." The tsunami killed more than 2200 people, and destroyed more than 3600 houses in Rikuzentakata. He also lost his house, his car, and everything. "There was no time to take anything with me when I escaped. If I looked for something valuable to run away with, I would have been dead," he said. "You know, there is no limit what you want to escape with." He cuts scrap wood made from the earthquake and tsunami to make firewood that is later used to cook food for the displaced people in the shelter. "I keep cutting scrap wood not to think about my future, " he said. "I have no idea what to do."
|
Dental Night Guard Upper Or Lower – Does Snoring Impact Health?
Are you asking yourself, “Does snoring impact wellness?” If so, it may be time to take a severe look at your lifestyle and also habits that are adding to snoring. It is fairly feasible that what you have actually been doing all your life adds to the nightly sound. Maybe this is why numerous individuals awaken so early in the early morning. No matter the reason, it is necessary to understand that snoring negatively impacts your health and wellness and can also result in better health risks.
Some individuals have no idea that snoring is a problem. While others are a lot more aware of the impacts. For instance, if you are somebody who snores very loud, but you’re not obese, you may not think of it in terms of the relationship in between snoring and weight management. However if you’re overweight, you might see that snoring is contributing to your weight problem. So, although you could assume that snoring does not affect you that a lot, it can be to somebody else.
The second question is, “What are the reasons for snoring?” There are a variety of reasons that people snore, such as nasal blockage, allergies, sinus infections as well as too much fat deposits under the eyes. Other root causes of snoring are alcohol or substance abuse, smoking, poor muscular tissue tone as well as obesity. Along with these physical reasons, snoring has currently ended up being associated with rest apnea. With rest apnea, an individual can stop taking a breath a number of times per evening which disrupts their typical resting pattern.
Rest apnea is a problem that occurs when the air passage comes to be narrower than typical throughout rest. This tightens the passage where air flows from the lungs to the brain, causing the person to quit taking a breath for a couple of secs and then start again. If sleep apnea is left unattended, it can lead to a permanently altered breathing pattern, which can at some point cause death. Nonetheless, if the rest apnea is dealt with, it can dramatically minimize the threat of an individual obtaining apoplexy.
One more concern that individuals inquire about the question “Does snoring impact health?” is the result of snoring on general health. When a person snores, she or he may experience tiredness, drowsiness throughout the day, migraines, irritability and stress and anxiety. Some individuals have actually even reported experiencing memory loss and also periodic clinical depression.
Snoring can likewise influence an expectant lady’s health, considering that snoring might disrupt the infant. Lots of people have actually located that snoring while pregnant can trigger an elevated threat of reduced birth weight and developmental problems. Some people that snore are also more probable to suffer from stress, anxiety, migraines as well as anxiety. As well, snoring during pregnancy has been connected with more constant miscarriages. Nonetheless, researches have not shown that snoring is straight in charge of these losses. Dental Night Guard Upper Or Lower
Research studies have actually additionally shown that snoring can adversely influence the sex-related and enchanting life of an individual. A married person snores less than a non-snorer as well as a male is more likely to initiate a sex event if his partner snores. There are several connections in which the unfaithful has actually occurred due to a companion’s snoring, making it clear that snoring does without a doubt affect health and wellness in an unfavorable means.
It is very important for an individual to answer this concern: Does snoring impact wellness? If the response is yes, after that a person must ensure to obtain therapy for the problem. Fortunately, there are numerous ways to treat snoring. Changes in lifestyle, such as dropping weight, quitting smoking cigarettes, changing certain drugs and also seeing a doctor can all help. For those who are overweight, slimming down can significantly decrease the indicators of snoring.
Various other snoring treatments consist of gadgets and surgeries. A snoring mouthpiece might be suggested by your physician if the source of your snoring is bigger tonsils. Such tools are typically made out of plastic and are put on while you rest, holding the jaw closed against the throat. These are just temporary steps and also might need to be used for a long period of time to be effective.
Surgical treatments, such as tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies, are just done in extreme cases. Although surgical procedure can correct the source of the snoring, it may also be risky. Not everybody is a great candidate for the surgical procedure. The individual needs to also be able to sleep without waking up in the middle of the night. If an individual tries to head to rest while the snoring is still present, after that issues may happen.
It is difficult to say whether or not snoring influences health and wellness. The factors behind each person’s snoring is various. Some snorers have no evident health problems. Others have health and wellness complications as a result of their snoring. When individuals do become ill due to snoring, it may have something to do with the side effects of the snoring. For instance, some snorers might have rest apnea, a resting problem, which can cause severe complications. Dental Night Guard Upper Or Lower
|
Sleep Preparation Occupational Therapy – Does Snoring Impact Health?
Are you asking on your own, “Does snoring influence health?” If so, it may be time to take a serious consider your way of living and practices that are contributing to snoring. It is rather feasible that what you have actually been doing all your life adds to the every night noise. Possibly this is why a lot of people get up so early in the morning. Regardless of the reason, it is essential to comprehend that snoring adversely affects your wellness as well as can also result in greater wellness risks.
Some people have no suggestion that snoring is a concern. While others are more aware of the effects. For example, if you are somebody that snores very loud, however you’re not overweight, you may not think of it in regards to the partnership in between snoring as well as weight-loss. However if you’re obese, you can see that snoring is adding to your weight trouble. So, although you could assume that snoring does not affect you that much, it can be to another person.
The 2nd inquiry is, “What are the sources of snoring?” There are a number of reasons that people snore, such as nasal blockage, allergies, sinus infections and too much fat deposits under the eyes. Other root causes of snoring are alcohol or substance abuse, smoking, bad muscular tissue tone and excessive weight. Along with these physical reasons, snoring has actually now come to be connected with sleep apnea. With rest apnea, a person can quit breathing numerous times per evening which disrupts their normal sleeping pattern.
Rest apnea is a condition that happens when the airway ends up being narrower than regular throughout rest. This tightens the flow whereby air streams from the lungs to the brain, causing the individual to stop taking a breath for a few secs and afterwards start once again. If rest apnea is left untreated, it can lead to a permanently altered breathing pattern, which can eventually result in fatality. Nonetheless, if the sleep apnea is treated, it can significantly minimize the risk of a person getting apoplexy.
One more concern that people inquire about the question “Does snoring affect health and wellness?” is the effect of snoring on general wellness. When an individual snores, she or he may experience exhaustion, drowsiness throughout the day, frustrations, irritability as well as tension. Some people have actually also reported experiencing memory loss and also occasional depression.
Snoring can also affect an expecting woman’s health, because snoring might disturb the infant. Many individuals have located that snoring during pregnancy can trigger an elevated threat of low birth weight and developing troubles. Some people who snore are likewise more likely to deal with tension, anxiety, migraine headaches as well as anxiety. Also, snoring while pregnant has actually been associated with more constant miscarriages. However, studies have not confirmed that snoring is directly in charge of these losses. Sleep Preparation Occupational Therapy
Research studies have actually likewise revealed that snoring can negatively influence the sex-related and also romantic life of a person. A married person snores less than a non-snorer as well as a guy is most likely to start a sex affair if his companion snores. There are many partnerships in which the cheating has actually happened because of a companion’s snoring, making it clear that snoring does indeed affect health and wellness in an unfavorable means.
It is important for an individual to answer this question: Does snoring affect wellness? If the answer is of course, after that an individual needs to make sure to obtain treatment for the problem. Luckily, there are numerous ways to treat snoring. Adjustments in lifestyle, such as reducing weight, quitting smoking, changing specific drugs and seeing a doctor can all assist. For those that are obese, slimming down can significantly reduce the indications of snoring.
Various other snoring therapies consist of gadgets as well as surgical procedures. A snoring mouth piece may be recommended by your doctor if the root cause of your snoring is bigger tonsils. Such tools are generally constructed of plastic and also are used while you rest, holding the jaw shut against the throat. These are only temporary measures as well as may require to be worn for a very long time to be efficient.
Surgical treatments, such as tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies, are just done in extreme cases. Although surgical procedure can fix the reason for the snoring, it may additionally be risky. Not everybody is an excellent candidate for the surgical treatment. The person needs to also be able to sleep without awakening in the middle of the evening. If a person tries to visit rest while the snoring is still present, after that issues may take place.
It is challenging to claim whether snoring affects health and wellness. The reasons behind each person’s snoring is various. Some snorers have no noticeable health problems. Others have wellness problems as a result of their snoring. When people do become ill due to snoring, it may have something to do with the negative effects of the snoring. As an example, some snorers may have sleep apnea, a sleeping condition, which can create major complications. Sleep Preparation Occupational Therapy
|
A Programming Language for Extraterrestrial Applications
Suppose, in a purely hypothetical scenario, that there was a small satellite in space that would allow people on Earth to upload and run their own mission software on its onboard computer. The users would then be able to control the satellite subsystems and operate its payload instruments.
What would be the choice of programming language to allow people to write such software without risking a premature end to the mission? Let’s begin by making some assumptions about the mission requirements.
The primary necessity for any language is to match the domain area of the application. Space mission software can be viewed as based on event-driven, state-based architecture with at least part of the code running under hard real-time. Certain mission activities can be performed only under specific conditions, with mission survival taking priority over science or other activities. Therefore, the software development process for a mission needs to produce exceptionally robust code that is expected to perform in both planned and unplanned scenarios. Both the language tooling and semantics must enforce a disciplined approach to the writing of the code part of the software product.
Secondly, satellite on-board computers have increased limitations in available hardware resources in comparison to many terrestrial ones, especially if the satellite in question is a CubeSat with limited power and computing budgets. Effective resource utilisation must be a part of the language features, with direct control over the memory allocation and CPU cycles desirable.
Thirdly, there should be sufficient support for the hardware and software features used on the satellites. If CubeSats are to be considered, then embedded communication buses, such as I2C, SPI, and CAN should be included, together with many different hardware peripherals that may need custom drivers to be implemented. The common operating systems that are used in modern nanosatellites are FreeRTOS and Linux, typically on a type of ARM microprocessor.
Finally, writing the code in this programming language should be fun. We want people without space industry exposure to experience space exploration first-hand; they should not feel discouraged and intimidated by the modern aerospace software development process. The computer revolution of the 70’s and 80’s would not have been possible if the people tinkering with the homebuilt hardware and software were not enjoying doing so. Even though programming a spacecraft is a mission-critical activity, it should not feel painful and joyless if we want a similar revolution to happen in the space industry.
The selection of a programming language for a mission software development kit will be done with the primary intention of allowing people outside of space industry to successfully achieve the quality necessary for flight operation. Minimising the probability of common classes of runtime errors is among the primary requirements. Performance is an important factor as well, due to the nature of a CubeSat flight computer. Taking the above requirements into consideration, the following observations can be made:
• Legacy aerospace languages such as Ada or Fortran, which perform well and are safe enough for space applications, lack the appeal to the modern software developer community. They are not that much fun.
• C or C++ offer good performance and low-level features but are insufficiently safe from common classes of errors, such as memory leaks and buffer overflows. Restricted dialects of these languages such as MISRA-C offer better safety guarantees but present extra entry barriers for the wider audience. They can be utilised but might not be the best possible choices.
• Scripting/interpreted languages, such as Python, JavaScript, and Ruby offer a rich set of features and ease of use, but a potentially insufficient level of performance, real-time guarantees, and embedded programming capabilities. There is a flavor of Python supporting embedded hardware development, but this is still an uncommonly used solution. Those language can be utilized, possibly, but not at the lower end of the space hardware platform.
• Purely functional languages, like Haskell, offer excellent safety guarantees (in theory), as well as good performance, but they are difficult to master for an average software developer, and they offer limited support for real-time programming and embedded hardware, stateful and event-driven software development.
• Modern garbage-collected languages such as Java, C# and Go offer a good level of performance and runtime safety. With some attention to GC behaviour, real-time guarantees are feasible, but support for embedded systems is somewhat limited (less so for Java). Unsurprisingly, Java was selected as the programming language for the European Space Agency’s OPS-SAT [1] mission software development kit that is, in essence, the same as the concept discussed in the introduction. This can be a perfectly acceptable choice for user software, however, there may be an even better choice.
Rust Programming Language Comes Into play
One of the most promising candidates is the Rust programming language. In addition to very strong safety guarantees, it offers modern programming features with an excellent performance level, and good applicability to real-time applications and embedded hardware. The developer community is relatively small, but it is growing rapidly. Furthermore, it offers a good balance of discipline and fun, combining the best features of its ancestral languages together with modern approach to type inference and functional features. There is already a project to create a flavour of Rust programming language explicitly designed for mission critical applications – “Sealed Rust” [2]. Our team will attempt to verify these assumptions during later work, should we be granted the opportunity to flight test our software onboard the OPS-SAT satellite later this year.
What does the Rust community gain from the adoption of their programming language for aerospace applications? While Rust itself offers a lot of advantages for its users, it still faces an uphill struggle in terms of adoption; for most of the common use cases (web and desktop software) its capabilities are a bit of an overkill when compared to already established languages, such as C/C++, Java, Python, PHP, JavaScript, and so on. Embedded hardware development is very conservative, and a lot of legacy code is preventing rapid adoption of new technology but applying Rust to this entirely new domain opens up a growth opportunity offering both greater community adoption and business opportunities for software developers worldwide.
1. https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Operations/OPS-SAT
2. https://ferrous-systems.com/blog/sealed-rust-the-pitch/
Thanks, ESA!
European Space Agency offered us an opportunity to present our concept for a chance to test it on the OPS-SAT mission. This is going to happen during their workshop in Darmstadt, on June 18 and the tickets to Germany are already booked!
A few words about OPS-SAT: it is a small satellite, 3U cubesat with the deployable solar panels, fitted with a number of payload instruments such as optical imaging camera, fine-guidance attitude control system, and various radio and optical communication equipment, scheduled to launch in Q4 2019.
OPS-SAT mission is very similar to ours, that is having an ability to safely run third-party software code on its flight computer and use any of the payload instruments. You can read more about OPS-SAT here:
Our goal is to test a part of our technology, specifically the mission envelope protection middleware that would allow the relatively inexperienced users to safely operate our future satellite in space using the mission software they can develop. Once we can demonstrate that is possible to achieve the required levels of safety and reliability for user software operations, it would be a big step forward to make our goal a reality – to allow anyone in the world to be able to control a real spacecraft in orbit around Earth and beyond!
The World’s First Crowd-Flyable Satellite!
We want to build and launch a CubeSat unlike any other before.
In addition to the standard necessary subsystems, there will be a dedicated user-accessible on-board computer; through using this computer we will provide access to anyone able and willing to develop and upload their own mission software. This will allow them to control the satellite, commanding spacecraft subsystems and payload instruments to perform tasks within operational safety margins. Such a platform will be the first dedicated to providing an opportunity for the masses to try their skills at software development and mission operations directly in the space environment.
The primary strength of this mission design is that it will drastically lower the barrier for parties and individuals interested in creating their own projects in space, both financially and logistically. We will also make accessing it as easy as logging into a web server VM. Here is the layout of our system – nothing overly complex:
Of course, things in practice are not as easy as they appear in theory. Inviting people not previously familiar with requirements of software development for demanding conditions of space environment to upload their software to our satellite is a sure way to prematurely end its mission in its first week, if not the hour. So, there is a need to design the entire system in such a way that the probability of such an outcome is minimized.
Everything matters – from the choice of programming language for the users to the quality of ground verification and validation pipeline and robustness of satellite itself in the case of unforeseen operational scenarios. We will elaborate on those details in the later posts.
Sounds interesting? Stay tuned
Want more details? Download our whitepaper at https://exodusorbitals.com/files/whitepaper.pdf
Who are the people behind this project? Meet the team: https://exodusorbitals.com/team.html
We are present on social media:
CubeSats: Challenges and Opportunities
At the present day, the easiest way to get into space with a small budget and a team of amateur space explorers is to launch a “CubeSat” –a very small satellite, as a cube of 10x10x10 cm dimensions, with larger satellites also possible in the increments of this volume unit. Hundreds of those has been launched since the early 2000s, by universities, smaller aerospace companies or even dedicated individuals. They can carry a variety of instruments and have already proven to be an extremely successful and cost-effective way of doing space exploration activities. You can see their explosive growth curve for yourself:
Image source: Erik Kulu, Nanosatellite & CubeSat Database, https://www.nanosats.eu
However, even the smallest such satellite takes a significant investment of time (on order of years) and money (tens of thousands USD) as well as having to pass regulatory requirements from government agencies and launch providers. These challenges present a significant entry barrier for anyone wishing to launch their own satellite. In addition, even successful launch of a CubeSat is not a guarantee that it will become alive after deployment. The failure rates of those satellites are quite high, and it often takes several attempts to get a reliably operating one in orbit, paying full cost in both time and money each time.
As an example, a 1U cubesat, OSSI-1, was built by a single person, Hojun Song and launched in April 2013. He spent 7 years building it and paid at least $100,000 for the launch alone. Sadly, the satellite never became operational and re-entered Earth’s atmosphere just three months later.
Should not be there a better way?
Some Context for Our Project
The Story Begins…
The story of our project began about a year ago, in March 2018 or so, when a group of fellow students doing Astronautics and Space Engineering course at Cranfield University decided to try to identify a good idea for a space startup company. After a few attempts, the idea of a satellite that would allow third-party users to upload and run their software code emerged.
We think it is a excellent idea to try, as this approach can allow anyone in the world to become a space explorer in the truest sense of this word.
|
Frequent question: How plant evidences are being used nowadays in solving crime?
Plants are being used to help solve crimes. The pollen and seed s they can leave behind can often become key pieces of evidence. … While plants aren’t able to testify in court, they are able to provide evidence about guilt or innocence.
How can plants help solve a crime?
The examination of spores, leaves and various other plant parts can help identify where and when a particular crime may have occurred. … Furthermore, plants can be used as an indicator for forensic botanists at a crime scene, revealing whether a person has been buried in a certain area.
How can plant evidence be used to place individuals at crime scenes?
Plant evidence can be useful for determining if a death was due to an accident, suicide, or homicide, or what time of year burial may have taken place. In addition, plant evidence can be used to determine if a crime scene is a primary or secondary scene and to locate missing bodies.
IMPORTANT: What is choice theory in criminology?
How is botany used in forensic?
Forensic botany is a powerful tool for crime scene investigation. Botanic materials may connect a suspect with a crime scene. Botanic materials may reveal if a death is due to suicide, accident or homicide. Even a small piece of plant may reveal important information for the court.
Did a plant solve a murder?
Why are plants important to some crimes?
What is a plant to a criminal?
3 hide illegal goods informal to hide stolen or illegal goods in someone’s clothes, bags, room etc in order to make them seem guilty of a crimeplant something on somebody She claims that the police planted the drugs on her.
What are the seven steps of a crime scene investigation?
7 Steps of a Crime Scene Investigation
• Identify Scene Dimensions. Locate the focal point of the scene. …
• Establish Security. Tape around the perimeter. …
• Create a Plan & Communicate. Determine the type of crime that occurred. …
• Conduct Primary Survey. …
• Document and Process Scene. …
• Conduct Secondary Survey. …
• Record and Preserve Evidence.
What is the purpose of collecting evidence?
The goal of the evidence-collection stage is to find, collect and preserve all physical evidence that might serve to recreate the crime and identify the perpetrator in a manner that will stand up in court. Evidence can come in any form.
IMPORTANT: You asked: Which of the following organizations has a guide for the expected behavior of forensics examiners?
What kind of information should be recorded pertaining to recovered evidence?
Notes taken at the crime scene must include a detailed written description of the scene with the location of items of physical evidence recovered; the time an item of physical evidence was discovered; by whom, how, and by whom it was packaged and marked; and the disposition of the item after it was collected.
What does palynology mean?
Palynology is the study of plant pollen, spores and certain microscopic plankton organisms (collectively termed palynomorphs) in both living and fossil form.
How many forensic botanists are there?
The top five states with the highest employment level in this job, according to 2012 BLS data, are: California,1,730 employed forensic technicians, Florida (1,450), Texas (970), Arizona (830) and Maryland (650).
What is a odontologist do?
Odontologists study their development and diseases and analyze their structure. It is a specialty of dentistry that helps to identify unknown remains and connect bite marks to a specific individual. Odontology can be used by the judicial system to help to solve crimes or identify victims.
How a flower solved a murder?
A murder solved by evidence from plants
When the bodies of 10-year-old schoolgirls Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman were discovered in a ditch in Suffolk, England, the horrific crime baffled the local community. … Furthermore, pollen in her soil sample evidence helped convict Ian Huntley for the crime.
What duties does a crime scene reconstructionist have?
Their work involves:
• Conducting an initial, walk-through examination of the crime scene (taking photographs, logging evidence, and getting a general “feel” of the scene)
• Organizing an approach to collecting evidence and relaying that information to the crime scene team.
IMPORTANT: Your question: What forensic jobs can you get with a biology degree?
What does ballistics study at crime scenes?
Legal blog
|
today is Sep 22, 2021
Integrately - Integration platform
Not known Details About Fast Company - Tech
The offers a meaning of the term: "making use of science in industry, engineering, and so on, to create useful things or to fix problems" and "a device, tool, approach, etc., that is created by technology." Ursula Franklin, in her 1989 "Real World of Innovation" lecture, offered another meaning of the idea; it is "practice, the method we do things around here." The term is typically utilized to indicate a particular field of innovation, or to refer to high innovation or simply customer electronic devices, rather than innovation as a whole.
Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation - OECDInformation Management Technology (IMT) Definition
In this usage, technology describes tools and machines that may be utilized to solve real-world problems. It is a far-reaching term that might consist of basic tools, such as a crowbar or wooden spoon, or more complex makers, such as a space station or particle accelerator. Tools and makers need not be material; virtual innovation, such as computer software and business methods, fall under this meaning of innovation.
Home - Technology Unites Global SummitQuantum technology holds 'huge potential' in Australia - report
Brian Arthur specifies innovation in a similarly broad method as "a method to meet a human function." The word "technology" can also be used to refer to a collection of methods. In this context, it is the present state of humanity's understanding of how to integrate resources to produce wanted products, to solve problems, satisfy requirements, or please desires; it includes technical methods, skills, processes, strategies, tools and basic materials.
How Technology News - CNET News - CNET can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.
"State-of-the-art innovation" refers to the high innovation offered to mankind in any field. Technology can be considered as an activity that forms or changes culture. Additionally, innovation is the application of mathematics, science, and the arts for the benefit of life as it is understood. A modern-day example is the increase of interaction technology, which has actually decreased barriers to human interaction and as a result has actually helped spawn brand-new subcultures; the increase of cyberculture has at its basis the advancement of the Internet and the computer system.
Science, engineering, and technology The distinction between science, engineering, and technology is not constantly clear. Science is systematic understanding of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation. Technologies are not normally specifically products of science, because they need to please requirements such as energy, usability, and safety.
|
What is Gaslighting?
The intention is to, in a systematic way, target the victim’s mental equilibrium, self-confidence, and self-esteem so that they are no longer able to function in an independent way. Gaslighting involves the abuser to frequently and systematically withhold factual information from the victim, and replacing it with false information. Because of its subtly, this cunning Machiavellian behaviour is a deeply insidious set of manipulations that is difficult for anybody to work out, and with time it finally undermines the mental stability of the victim.
Gaslighting Abuse
That is why it is such a dangerous form of abuse. The emotional damage of Gaslighting is huge on the narcissistic victim. When they are exposed to it for long enough, they begin to lose their sense of their own self. Unable to trust their own judgments, they start to question the reality of everything in their life. They begin to find themselves second-guessing themselves, and this makes them become very insecure around their decision making, even around the smallest of choices. The victim becomes depressed and withdrawn, they become totally dependent on the abuser for their sense of reality. In effect the gaslighting turns the victim’s reality on its head.
The Gaslighting Syndrome
When Shame Begets Shame
The 3 Faces Of Evil
Where does the term “Gaslighting” come from?
The term “Gaslighting” comes from the 1944 Hollywood classic movie called Gaslight. The film starts with the murder of the famous opera singer Alice Alquist in London. The perpetrator was after the star’s jewels, but before he could get them, he was interrupted by her young niece Paula (played by Ingrid Bergman); a child that Alice had reared after the death of her own mother. To help her get over the trauma of Alice’s death, Paula is sent to live in Italy, where she studies opera with her aunty Alice’s old teacher for several years. While in Italy, she meets a charismatic older man named Gregory Anton (played by Charles Boyer), they have a whirl-wind romance and very soon she marries him. He persuades her that they should return to London to live in the house bequeathed to her by her aunt.
When they arrive, hidden in a book, Paula finds a letter addressed to her aunt Alice, it was from a man called Sergius Bauer. The letter was dated two days before the murder. Gregory reacts violently to the letter, but recovers his composure quickly, and justifies his outburst as vexation at seeing his lovely bride relive bad memories. Once Alice’s things are removed into the attic, Gregory’s diabolical psychopathic behaviour becomes very bizarre indeed. Almost immediately he sets out, systematically and methodically, to deliberately drive Paula insane by psychologically manipulating their environment covertly; for example, when a picture is missing from the wall, Gregory tells her that she took it, but Paula cannot recall having done so.
Secretly, Gregory gains entry into the attic and begins to tamper with the gas-light there, causing the rest of the lamps in the house to become dim. When Paula mentions hearing footsteps coming from the attic, and seeing the lights dimming for no apparent reason, he tells her it’s all in her imagination, and that he does not see any change in the brightness of the lights. He does not stop there; he resorts to other means of deception to further confuse his wife. For example, he fires his wife’s trusted elderly maid, replacing her with a younger one (Nancy) that he can seductively control. When Paula complains of feeling hurt and humiliated by his behaviour with Nancy, he tells her he is only being friendly. He states that in Europe no woman would feel humiliated for such a trivial act. Convinced that the wife is insane, Nancy begins to treat her with contempt, and Paula can feel her loathing, which further distresses her. He then takes command of all outside influences so that he has complete control over Paula, making it easier to manipulate her sense of reality. Of course, he pretends to have genuine concern for Paula, but the bottom-line is that he is only concerned about isolating her.
Having isolated her from those within the house, he then precedes to take command of all outside influences so that he has complete coercive control over her. He stops all visitors, and he does not allow her to leave the house. He implies that he is doing this for her own good, because her “kleptomania and imaginings” are due to her nervous disposition. On the rare occasion when they do go to a gathering at a friend’s house, he shows her his watch chain, from which his watch was missing. When he searches her handbag, he mysteriously finds it there. Horrified, she becomes so hysterical that Gregory has to take her home immediately. She is convinced that there is something very wrong with her, and that it is best that she no longer goes out in public. Gregory’s overall goal is to drive Paula out of her mind so that he can have her certified insane and institutionalized. He continually tells her that she is ill and fragile, until confused and scared, Paula begins to act more erratically, and she starts to internalize that she is becoming the fragile person that he says she is. He even begins to rearrange items in the house, and then he accuses her of “always losing things”. Cruelly, he tells her that she is losing her memory. Knowing that her mother had died insane, to demoralize her further by viciously convincing her that she has inherited her mother’s bad genes. The more she doubts herself, the more desperate she is for her husband’s approval and love, but he rejects her, insisting that she is insane. With a combination of seduction, deception, isolation, bullying and rejection, reluctantly Paula starts to accept that she is losing her mind, and she becomes totally dependent on him for her sense of reality.
Unbeknown to Paula, Gregory is not who she thinks he is, little does she know that in fact he is her aunt’s murderer, Sergius Bauer. It was no coincidence that he happened upon her in Italy. He had deliberately gone to search her out with the intention of seducing her into marrying him. His main objective was to gain entry into the house in London where he could continue his search for Alice’s jewels. It was his rummaging in the attic for the jewels that Paula had heard, and it was he that had caused the flickering of the lights (from the attic) when he reduced the flow of gas to the downstairs lights. She had become an impediment to his search, so he needed her certified insane and institutionalized so that he could be free to find his treasure. He came very near to realizing his goal, but by some chance encounter Paula meets Inspector Brian Cameron of Scotland Yard (acted by Joseph Cotten), who was an avid admirer of her Aunt Alice. He tells her that she is not going out of her mind, but that she is beings slowly and systematically been driven out of your mind by her husband. Together with Paula, and with the support of the old housekeeper (who had suspected the master of causing these events), he opens the “cold case”. The drama reaches its final conclusion when he arrests Gregory just as he has found his treasure of the long-lost jewels.
What is the purpose of “gaslighting”?
As you can see, this “Gaslighting Tango” is a form of psychological warfare that is both deliberate and progressive in nature between one individual (the gaslighter) and another (the gaslightee). The Gaslighting Effect involves an insidious set of psychological manipulations that are carried out gradually in stages, and repeated time after time, in order to undermine the mental stability of its victim. It is truly a convoluted dance, where finally the unsuspecting gaslightee believes that they are going crazy. Anyone can become the victim of narcissistic abuse with these gaslighting maneuvers; age, intelligence, gender, creed is no barrier against narcissistic abuse of this kind. It does not only happen in romantic relationships (such as Paula & Gregory above), it can occur in all different types of relationships: between narcissistic parent and child, siblings, friends, and work colleague.
Just as we can have male narcissists gaslighting, but we can also have female narcissist gaslighting (i.e. gaslighting mothers, grandmothers and wives). Actually, it can happen between any two people in any walk of life if the intention is there. The gaslighting, as a harassment technique, starts with a series of subtle mind games that intentionally prays on the gaslightee’s limited ability to tolerate ambiguity or uncertainty. This is done in order to undercut the victim’s trust in their own sense of reality and sense of self, thus resulting in confusion and perplexity for the victim. Even when the victim is bewildered and left wondering, “What just happened there?”, there is a reluctance to see the gaslighter for what they are, actually it is this denial that is the cornerstone of the gaslighting relationship.
The “Puppet Master’s” Web of Deceit:
Narcissists are puppet masters who manipulate their victims for personal gain. With precision they are able to “pull the strings” of their victims without detection, and render them helpless. In order to understand how a person can become a victim of a narcissist in the first place, it is important to know that the narcissist has many faces (the proverbial man or woman for all seasons). Different faces are required by the abuser as they lead the relationship through different phases; The Idealization Stage, Devaluation Stage, and the Discard Stage. The good news is that the gaslighting does not happen all at once, it happens in stages, which means that if one suspects (in the early stages) that they are being gaslighted, they can protect themselves by walking away (physically or metaphorically). However, one needs to be informed as to what those stages look like, in that way, the individual will be able to understand and identify what is happening at these different stages. With this information, one will be able to spot if they are being gaslighted in any interpersonal-relationship (whether it is at home, work or socially), and guard themselves by keeping the narcissist out of their energy field.
Gaslighing techniques (3 Stages):
The Idealization Stage:
The Devaluation Stage:
The Discarding Phase:
The plight of the victims of the Gaslighting Effect:
1. Reliving: (Flashbacks, intrusive imagery, nightmares, anxiety etc) 2. Avoidance: (Avoiding people, places or thoughts, emotional numbing, lack of interest, hopelessness etc). 3. Arousal: (Difficulty concentrating, irritability, outbursts of anger, insomnia, hyper-vigilance etc).
What are the warning signs of Gaslighting?
Follow me
Follow me
Latest posts by Christine (see all)
|
Much is speculated about, one day, we will take human life to the space. Of course, this is a very distant scenario for us, but published studies in the newspaper Materials Today Bio already indicate that the construction of colonies on Mars or the Moon will be done with blood, urine, sweat and tears. Literally.
We understand if your first question was “who had time to study this?” – to which we will answer “University of Manchester”, in England. But the second question would necessarily have to be "where did this idea come from?" – and, well…in the Middle Ages, the putty they used for concrete had animal blood in its composition, so this isn't exactly new.
Read also
Image shows "astrocret", a composite of concrete and human fluids that can serve as building material for human colonies on Mars
British scientists were able to create a composite nearly twice as strong as ordinary concrete, possibly finding a good building material for our colonies on Mars. Image: University of Manchester/Disclosure
“Scientists have been trying to develop viable technologies to produce materials similar to concrete in the Mars surface, but we never stopped to think that the answer to that could have been within us all this time,” said Aled Roberts, the materials engineer who signs one of the studies.
Basically, Roberts and his team managed to create a material, somehow, even more powerful than ordinary concrete, using simulated regoliths (the name given to the thin layer that covers a rock) from Mars and the Moon, mixing in it a protein found in human blood , in addition to compounds seen in urine, tears and sweat. This is because previous research has shown that regoliths can be great building materials, but we would still need some material to “glue” them together.
This seems like a good time to emphasize that the mixture is not "blood ou urine" but "blood e urine". In other words, all the ingredients go in this “soup”. That is, if you convince astronauts to be donors.
Despite the strange tone, the research has a background of importance: not only does our common concrete not behave well in space, but if and when the time comes to move to colonies on Mars or the Moon, we will have to be creative – estimates Recent reports claim that a single brick would cost about $2 million (10,44 million reais) to be transported to the red planet.
That is, each gram in the carrying capacity of a rocket account.
Using simulated rock material from Mars and the Moon, plus a combination of blood plasma and substance seen in urine, scientists were able to print a concrete block resistant to space environments. Image: University of Manchester/Disclosure
Therefore, it would be much more convenient and economical if we already had the materials on hand (or veins, or urinary tracts, or in the sweat of the skin) when we got there.
For example, urea, an enzyme produced in the liver, filtered by our excretory system and eliminated at the time of "peeing", helps to give a plasticizing effect to the concrete, making it less porous and, consequently, more difficult to break down.
The material created by Roberts and the other scientists, called "Astrocrete" (yes, "Astro" and "concrete") makes use of albumin, a protein found in blood plasma, to "glue" the simulated regoliths, giving them strength at compression of up to 25 megapascals – ordinary concrete is just 22. Then they added urea to the compost, increasing the strength to an incredible 39,7 megapascals.
“Essentially, the albumin from human serum produced by astronauts in vivo [clinical term to refer to a material inside a living being] could be extracted in a semi-continuous routine, combined with regoliths from Mars or the Moon”, says an excerpt from the study. Changing numbers, the scientists estimate that, over two years, six humans could donate enough albumin to create 500 kg of "astrocrete".
But calm down: you don't have to start alleviating your physiological needs in a bag of cement to sell it to NASA. Not only was the experiment done in a controlled environment (with clinical extractions, it's worth mentioning), we still need to understand the effects of continuous bodily fluid donation in environments of altered gravity or high radiation (two features that describe Mars in detail).
Further, although research is promising, scientists believe this would be more amenable to some short-term action (eg, in the absence of other materials or emergencies). In the future, they expect more advanced technologies to fulfill this part of establishing our colonies on Mars on larger scales.
Have you watched our new videos on UAF YouTube? Subscribe to our channel!
|
Male or Female Parrotlet? How to Identify the Differences
Nicole Cosgrove
Parrotlets are adorable little birds. They are the smallest of parrot species commonly kept as pets. The parrotlet is active and friendly, but not as loud as many other parrots, making them a good choice for people who live in apartments.
If you didn’t get your parrotlet from a breeder who performed testing to determine the sex, you might be unaware of whether you have a male or female bird. Don’t worry, there are plenty of ways to tell the sex of your parrotlet.
Keep reading to learn how to identify if your parrotlet is a male or female.
divider-birdWhy Should You Determine If Your Bird is Male or Female?
Both males and female parrotlets are similar in temperament. However, as a bird owner, you might be curious about whether or not your pet is a boy or a girl.
You may also be considering adding a second parrotlet to your family. If this is the case, you’ll definitely need to know the sex of your bird as they are best kept in opposite-sexed pairs.
If you plan to add a second parrotlet of the opposite sex to your family, you’ll also need to be prepared for mating season and breeding.
Yellow-Faced Parrotlet Side view_Agami Photo Agency_Shutterstock
Image credit: Agami Photo Agency, Shutterstock
Anatomy of a Parrotlet
You can identify the sex of many pets by looking at the genital areas. However, birds have internal genitalia. Both male and female parrotlets have a cloaca. This is an internal chamber that houses the bird’s sex organs. You won’t be able to tell which organs a bird has simply by looking at them. A veterinarian would need to examine the parrotlet to determine the sex.
Two Yellow-Faced Parrotlet on the branch of the tree_DejaVuDesigns_Shutterstock
Image Credit: DejaVu Designs, Shutterstock
divider-birdsPhysical Characteristics
There are some physical characteristics that you can look for to discern whether your parrotlet is a male or female. These typically include different-colored feathers in specific locations on the parrotlet’s body. The two parrotlet species most commonly kept as pets display different colors and markings between sexes. These include:
Pacific parrotlet
parrotlet on grass
Image Credit: Chelsea Sampson, Shutterstock
The typical Pacific parrotlet is green with a few differences between males and females. There are some color mutations of Pacific parrotlets that can change the base or highlight feather colors, making it more difficult to distinguish between the sexes.
Male Parrotlet
• Bright green feathers
• Dark blue stripe behind their eyes
• Dark blue feathers on backs and wings
Female Parrotlet
• Dark green feathers on their backs and wings
• Light green feathers on the face
Green-rumped parrotlet
Parrotlet perched on a wire
Image Credit: Rafael Martos Martins, Shutterstock
The green-rumped parrotlet also displays different feather color patterns between males and females.
Male Parrotlet
• Bright green body feathers
• Dark blue outer wing feathers
• Turquoise inner wing feathers
Female Parrotlet
• Bright green body feathers
• Yellow feather patch between their eyes
• Yellow feathers above their beaks
divider-birdcageMethods of Testing
If you are having a difficult time determining the sex of your parrotlet just by its feather colors and markings, don’t worry! There are other ways to determine if you have a male or female bird.
Egg Laying
If your parrotlet lays eggs, then you know that you have a female bird. This may seem obvious, but some bird owners are not aware that a female parrotlet who is kept alone can still lay eggs. The eggs aren’t fertilized and won’t hatch.
However, egg-laying is not a foolproof method of sex determination in parrotlets. Females won’t lay eggs until after they are at least 3 years old. Sometimes they won’t lay eggs at all. So, while this is a possible method of testing whether you have a female or male bird, it’s not the most reliable way.
Parrotlet Nesting_Bussakorn Ewesakul_Shutterstock
Image Credit: Bussakorn Ewesakul_Shutterstock
DNA Testing
Most breeders will perform DNA testing before selling birds so that the new owner will know the sex of their pet. However, this isn’t always the case. You may need to pay for DNA testing on your bird if it was not determined by the breeder.
The good news is the testing is often inexpensive and it’s pretty reliable. Your veterinarian can collect a blood sample from your bird and send it to a laboratory for testing. If your veterinarian does not perform DNA testing, you can also send in a nail or feather clipping to a laboratory on your own.
There are some cases where lab results could be inaccurate, although this is rare.
Surgical Testing
This method should only be used as an absolute last resort and only if necessary. It requires your bird to be put under anesthesia before an incision is made in the abdomen. The veterinarian will be able to view the reproductive organs and tell you if the bird is a male or female.
This can be dangerous for your bird and may give younger birds long-lasting reproductive problems. It’s also very stressful for the parrotlet.
divider-birdFinal Thoughts
There are several ways to determine the sex of your parrotlet. If you have one of the two common pet species, a survey of its marking and feather colors should give you an answer.
For other species, egg-laying is a sure sign that you have a female, although not all females will lay eggs. DNA testing is the most reliable and least intrusive option for most bird owners, while surgery should only be used in necessary situations.
You May Also Like:
Featured Image Credit: Cynoclub, Shutterstock
Nicole Cosgrove
|
In honor of Earth Day, the 22nd of April, Thursday, Soulivity Magazine will be holding their virtual event, brought to you by our platform and Beyond Words Publishing! We had the opportunity to sit with one of the guest speakers of Catriona MacGregor as we spoke about the importance of preserving one’s environment amidst deteriorating climate change.
Interviewer: Scientists have predicted that the long-term effects of climate change will include a decrease in sea ice and an increase in permafrost thawing, an increase in heatwaves and heavy precipitation, and decreased water resources in semi-arid regions. What is your opinion?
Catriona: I have over 40 years of experience in habitat management and species protection working in over 7 countries. I oversaw one of the nation’s largest sanctuaries – over 600 miles. The program led to the comeback of an endangered species and was awarded a blue ribbon in conservation by the Governor.
Since this is my life’s work, I know that climate change is occurring and we are already experiencing many of the devastating effects. However, you do not need to be an expert, a scientist, or spend a significant time outside in nature – like I do – on the land and in nature to know this.
Many of your readers may already have experienced the direct impact of climate change including drought and fire infernos. In fact, Today’s fires are hotter, faster, and more destructive than ever. In 2020 alone, California’s wildfires burned 4.2 million acres, damaged or destroyed 10,500 structures, and killed 31 people. In addition, other places are experiencing abrupt and significant changes in weather – sometimes, as much as a 30 or 40-degree swing in less than 24 hours. An example of this is Colorado’s roller-coaster ride from 90-degree weather to a snowstorm in 24 hours.
While you have listed a variety of problem areas, there are many other factors to consider as significant problems and we are also unfortunately now in the midst of these massive changes.
We are in big trouble and more and more people are becoming aware of this. Besides focusing on the downside – I would like to mention that there are things that we can do to address these adverse effects of climate change.
Of course, the most important thing is to have every country of the world come together to make a firm commitment to stop polluting our atmosphere. It would also be a huge leap in the right direction if all countries set up workforces to naturally restore the environment and partner with nature as best we can.
For example, some of your readers may not be aware that it was the plants that created our life-supporting atmosphere, to begin with. That, before there were photosynthetic organisms, there was no oxygen in the atmosphere and the somewhat barren Earth could only support primitive bacteria-type single-celled organisms.
The plants changed all of that; and, through photosynthesis, created a terrific environment for evolution to spring forth – including complex life forms – like mammals birds and (of course) humans.
If we start taking the power of plants seriously, we can at least begin to get a handle on this situation by not cutting plants down (which we are still doing at a rapid rate), start planting new trees and plants, and applying certain types of plants in specific places in the world – that tend to grow quickly and tend to produce a great deal of oxygen, which will purify the atmosphere.
Human beings tend to become very ego-focused on just what they believe that they can do alone. We forget that we have plants – master alchemists and terraformers – that we can partner with to solve our problems.
My ancestors understood the full power of the plant kingdom and referred to trees as the ancestors of humankind. Of course, they were right – as without plants –the human race would not exist.
Interviewer: Do you believe organizations are doing enough work to help fight the deteriorating earth due to the negative impacts of the ongoing climate change crises?
Catriona: Unfortunately – our world is caught in the grip of a monstrosity of our own making. The many corporations that drive our modern society are driven on an endless command to “grow” at all costs. Even if this means that our home—the Earth—becomes uninhabitable.
Corporations are compelled to generate increasing profits year after year. They have no incentive to operate for the welfare of the public or the Earth. This has allowed the worst aspects of human nature (traits like greed and domination) to swallow up the Earth by way of the corporate “machine.”
Governments are also often controlled by corporate owners to support their unsustainable actions, products, and technologies. This is done directly and indirectly by way of tax write-offs, start-up subsidies, and land grants. In the United States, the government hands over billions of tax dollars to “prop up” the research, exploration, and extraction activities of fossil fuel industries like oil, coal, and gas. Subsidies for oil extraction and coal mining are so egregious that former President Harry S. Truman declared that he knew of “no tax loophole in the tax laws so inequitable as the excessive depletion exceptions enjoyed by oil and mining interests. If taxpayers refused to subsidize these industries, they would cease to make money for their owners, who kept everything for themselves. Instead, we would be implementing the many alternatives and sustainable ways available to power and live our lives.
Everything we make or use starts as a gift from the Earth, including gold, silver, water, trees, air, and soil. Yet, the true value of these is ignored. There are no safeguards on protecting them because clean air, water, trees, and pollinators, like bees, do not count in our modern economic policies and equations.
One cannot eat money or build a home out of it, yet we treasure money more than the real things we need to survive, like clean air, clean water, trees, and fertile soil.
According to E. F. Schumacher in Small is Beautiful, “A businessman would not consider a firm to have achieved viability if he saw that it was rapidly consuming its capital. How then could we overlook this vital fact when it comes to the Earth?” If countries counted “natural capital” and even its destruction from industries like oil, coal, and natural gas, they would operate at too much of a loss to be economically viable. They simply would not exist!
There is a simple solution to this problem – no corporation should be allowed to exist unless it does so for the benefit of humankind and the Earth. We already have a model for this and it’s called non-profit corporations. NGOs or non-profit corporations must have a beneficial impact or they cannot exist.
Of course, the biggest barrier to shifting our corporate model is corporate owners that have their hands on the pens of policymakers and lawmakers.
We can take a page from the ways and wisdom of indigenous peoples. At the International Bering Sea Forum (that I led and brought together people from 5 countries), we began with a story important to the indigenous Yup’ik people and many others native peoples. In the story, known as “Through the Eye of the Needle,” a Yup’ik youth called Amik goes on his first hunting expedition alone. As Amik leaves his grandmother’s humble home and heads towards the sea, he knows his solo journey is part of becoming a man. During his travels, he comes across many animals that he kills. Amik considers bringing back what he has gathered or hunted to share with his Grandmother and his people, but instead, he eats everything himself. In an odd twist, as Amik eats and consumes, he can eat more and more.
A large part of the story’s telling is a detailed description of all of the animals that Amik hunts and eats. Thus, to tell it well requires a good hour or more. Jumping ahead here, in the end, Amik is even able to eat an enormous whale all by himself! Near the end of the day, after consuming enormous numbers of animals, Amik realizes that he has turned into a towering giant. Amik becomes homesick and heads back to his grandmother’s house. When Amik arrives, towering over the treetops, he realizes that he is far too large to fit in his humble home.
The many corporations that drive our modern society are very much like monstrous Amik. They cannot ever be filled or satisfied.
Interviewer: Do you believe that we don’t have enough activists who advocate for a healthier ecosystem on Earth Day and a healthier land for us to live in?
Catriona: The main thing that concerns me is that our present industrial societies are heavily influenced by corporations and their owners to drive profit for a few without regard to other life.
The second thing that concerns me – and this has been growing rapidly – is that young people and children are out of touch with nature and natural processes. Surveys have concluded that a child between 8-12 today spends less time outside than prisoners who at least get an hour a day out in the yard. That’s shocking to me…
Growing up I would go outside to play after breakfast, and it was hard for my mother to get me back inside for lunch…and, even harder to get me back inside for dinner later in the day.
During the time I spent outside, I learned a great deal about nature, the animals, and the world we live in. Of course, at that time, there was no such thing as the internet – or cell phones – or Nintendo.
It is estimated that today one in eight Americans suffers from Internet Addiction Disorder. Addiction is considered the correct diagnosis when indulgent use takes over people’s lives – up to 30 percent of South Koreans under 18 have this disorder. Ten percent of China’s teenagers suffer from internet addiction; Chinese officials who run internet addiction centers refer to it as “electronic heroin.”
Demonstrable shifts occur in the brains of people suffering from Internet addiction, especially those that start using it at a young age as the brain is developing. These shifts leave the addicted person with an inability to control their attention or make executive decisions. It also impedes their emotional processing making it harder for them to read human emotions and socialize effectively. We may even be altering our evolutionary path by changing our brains.
Our reliance upon a computerized and technological world has gone too far. We are replacing the real world with phantasms on the screen. We are becoming a society out of touch with reality, which leaves us blind, deaf, and dumb to what is happening just outside our door.
Not only are many out of touch with nature, but some also find the illusory world on the screen more stimulating and attractive because they can apply optimum control to what they choose to experience. This effectively erases the natural world’s influence on one’s experience and understanding because no one pays enough attention to the natural world.
While these technologies are powerful tools that help us in many ways, they are rapidly altering our lives and distracting us from a virtual world.
Meanwhile, our real world is slipping away. No band-aid technological solutions or “quick fixes” will save us. Deep learning about our planet and being guided by her ways is essential if we are to survive and thrive.
Fortunately, alongside these very serious impediments to securing action and activists to prevent catastrophic earth changes are some extremely well-run and thoughtful projects and programs.
One of my all-time favorite environmental programs is STRAW, short for “Students and Teachers Restoring a Watershed”. I became familiar with STRAW over a decade ago and attended one of their restoration days. I was asked to lead a peer-to-peer evaluation of their work.
STRAW started small but has grown impressively. It is an education and restoration program that has engaged over 46,000 students in over 550 restorations on creeks and wetlands. To date, young people eight years old and up have planted over 50,000 native plants, restoring over 33 miles of habitat.
Each year, STRAW conducts 45 to 50 restoration projects that include planting native plant species and restoring stream beds. One of the STRAW’s most important achievements is the quality of its work. Children who may have never before held a worm in their hands or spent much time outside are completing restoration projects that rival professional companies’ work. These projects improve water quality and create healthy new habitats for wildlife, making way for the return of songbirds, fish, and other native species.
STRAW is a real “cure” for those suffering from “Eco-anxiety.” It offers a healing antidote by involving people, young and old, in creating a better world. It is hopeful activism and one example of how human beings can partner with Nature to heal the planet.
Interviewer: What do you think we, as a community, can do to help contribute towards healthier earth and a healthier ecosystem this Earth Day or every day in general?
Catriona: There are three things that I recommend:
• Get involved in restoration either directly or by supporting others doing restoration work.
• Educate yourself, youth, and children about nature and natural processes; limit time on cell phones, computers, and Nintendos; and, get outside. Take camping trips for the family vacation, start a garden in your backyard, take care of your native trees, turn off the TV at night, and go out and look at the stars.
• The obvious harm to the planet and humankind being caused by corporations must stop. Demand that harmful corporations be replaced by corporations that exist foremost to benefit humanity and the earth – not to put barrels of money in corporate owners’ pockets.. Boycott bad corporate actors that harm the environment, divest from companies and stocks that destroy nature, and ask your college university, or institution to do the same.
Interviewer: Scientists Know That Recent Climate Change (which is also negatively affecting the earth) Is Largely Caused By Human Activities. What is your opinion?
Catriona: I led a science media program for over 15 years. The program was featured in National Geographic as one of the country’s best science education programs.
Over this time, I was able to interview hundreds of scientists, innovators, and leaders. For example, I interviewed scientists like John Warner, the recipient of the 2014 Perkin Medal, widely acknowledged as the highest honor in American Industrial Chemistry. Warner received the 2004 Presidential Award for Excellence in Science Mentoring and named one of “25 Visionaries Changing the World” by Utne Reader and people like, Dr. Christian Frankenberg, a NASA award-winning scientist who oversaw a project to “see the Earth Breathe” by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 levels on Earth via a satellite that launched on July 2nd, as well as, hundreds of other innovators and leaders.
So, my answer incorporates not only my own knowledge, experience, and research, but what I learned from these experts. I hope you do not mind that I will be taking some time and space to explain this important point. If people understand that it is human-caused, they will understand that we can take action to try to remedy the problem. Some believe it is a complicated issue – although this was not always the case.
Just thirty years ago, during the 1990s, there was a more cohesive understanding within the majority of the human population about climate change and its impact on the planet. Unfortunately, as public awareness began to take hold, corporate owners in the oil and gas industries recognized that people were not only getting wise to this disaster but were beginning to pinpoint those largely responsible for it.
They were aware that their “business model” would lead to devastating climate change as early as 1977. According to investigations by “InsideClimate News” and Harvard University, this was eleven years before global warming became a public issue. Yet, instead of revealing this information that affects all life on the planet, the company not only refused to go public, but it did a deep dive into obfuscation of the truth.
For example, ExxonMobil spent millions of dollars promoting climate change denial and misinformation. This was the same unethical approach used by the tobacco industry to lie about smoking’s health risks. Many more people developed cancer and died from smoking because tobacco companies obstructed the truth. Unfortunately, today, oil company-led propaganda campaigns have blurred the truth about climate change and its causes.
This has directly resulted in today in public confusion and inaction. Unlike smoking (where it was easier to directly link individuals’ smoking habits to their illnesses), understanding a global problem is a challenge for a layperson – especially one who is not aware of changes in weather, and wildlife.
In 1989, the company also led the creation of the infamous “Global Climate Coalition,” which starkly questioned the authentic science behind global warming. This coalition, a disguised industry-led lobbying group, prevented the US from signing the Kyoto Protocol in 1998, which sought to limit greenhouse gases. This diabolical tactic was responsible for stopping other countries, such as China and India, from signing the treaty.
This all came to light during an eight-month-long, in-depth, investigation of former Exxon employees, scientists, and federal officials. The investigation unearthed Exxon’s senior scientist, James Black’s sobering message to Exxon’s management committee: “…there is general scientific agreement that the most likely manner in which mankind is influencing the global climate is through carbon dioxide release from the burning of fossil fuels.” He warned them that doubling CO2 gases in the atmosphere would increase average global temperatures by two or three degrees—a number consistent with the scientific consensus! Black continued to warn them that: “…present thinking holds that man has a time window of five to ten years before the need for hard decisions regarding changes in energy strategies might become critical.”
It’s hard to believe that these corporate leaders chose to protect their profit margin over the welfare of life on Earth. People who make such decisions would ordinarily be deemed insane in a healthy, sustainable society.
Today, too many people, especially in America and in some other Western nations, actually believe either that planetary global warming does not exist or that it is actually good for the planet.
These beliefs are largely responsible for defeating national and international measures to limit carbon releases. It’s devastating that a “win” for a corporation like an oil company is considered an acceptable “loss” for the world. These oil company executives are making the world unsafe for all life, including their own children, grandchildren, and descendants.
Today, I am saddened to hear people say confidently that “global climate change is naturally caused.” They argue that humans have little to do with the warming trend and that levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, a harbinger of climate and temperature changes, have always gone up and down. They may not be aware that they are, in fact, spouting one of the major lies developed and spread by the corporations.
However, real science tells a different story; climate change and CO2 levels prove that it is human-caused and dangerous. For example, there are three distinct types of carbon isotopes: 14C, 13C, and 12C.
The isotope associated with carbon from burning fossil fuels has risen dramatically since the 1900s. Meanwhile, the naturally derived isotope associated with carbon created by trees has gone down.
In fact, sequences of annual tree rings going back thousands of years indicate that at no time in the last 10,000 years have the naturally occurring carbon isotope ratios in the atmosphere been as low as they are today. Not only are naturally occurring carbon isotopes falling but so is Earth’s atmosphere’s oxygen level. Oxygen levels are falling 2,000 times faster over the past 150 years alone than in the last 800,000 years.
Greenhouse gases absorb energy and will thus allow less infrared radiation to escape into space. This is exactly what satellites are finding. From 1970 to 1996, satellites discovered that less energy is escaping into space and proved via “direct experimental evidence of a significant increase in the Earth’s greenhouse effect.”
Moreover, if global warming were predominantly caused by forces outside of the planet—for example, by a hotter sun, another oil industry-created myth—then the outer layers of Earth’s atmosphere would be heating up as well. However, this is not the case:
“Climate models predict that more carbon dioxide should cause warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This is because the increased “blanketing” effect in the troposphere holds in more heat, allowing less to reach the stratosphere. This would contrast with the expected effect if global warming were caused by the sun, causing warming both in the troposphere and stratosphere. Instead, satellites and weather balloons confirm a cooling stratosphere and warming troposphere, consistent with increased carbon dioxide.”
Some “climate change deniers” will rely on ice samples taken from the Vostok core at the Earth’s polar region to support their argument that the Earth’s present warming trend is a naturally occurring cycle, and thus ok?
They refer to an ice-drilling project between Russia, the United States, and France at the Russian Vostok station in East Antarctica. This yielded the deepest ice core ever recovered, with layers of ice going back 800,000 years.
While the drilled ice samples show that the Earth has gone through cycles of warming and cooling trends, there have not been periods in Earth’s history when temperatures were warmer than they are now. The rate of climate change today is far more rapid than the climate shifts that occurred in the past.
The Vostok ice cores show us that the rate of change in CO2 over the past million years is tame compared to today’s rate. Before the Industrial Revolution, CO2 changed less than 0.15 ppm per year. Today’s rate of change is, in fact, twenty times faster!
Even if climate change were a “natural occurrence”, it’s still a forerunner to mass extinction and will undoubtedly impact the human race. For example, in the end-Triassic extinction 200 million years ago, CO2 doubled from 2,000 to 4,400 ppm, triggered by massive volcanic eruptions. This happened over a relatively short time period of 1,000 to 20,000 years and wiped out 75 percent of all land species and 95 percent of all marine species.
If humankind had been around at that time, we would also have become extinct!
If we compare this past event to our present global warming, the rate of change that occurred then is literally just a fraction of the rate of change occurring now!
In April 2020, our planet had 419 ppm of CO2 in the atmosphere, and this is rising rapidly! (For updates, go to carbon-dioxide/.)
Already, we are observing the beginning of end-Triassic conditions.
In that period, oceans became acidic soups devoid of oxygen, suffocating almost all marine life. Unfortunately, dead zones are now appearing in many different locations in our oceans. Extinction events are not something that changes back to safe levels quickly. The end-Triassic extinction showed that it could take millions of years for life to recover and for new species to evolve. It is estimated that it took between five to 30 million years for life to begin to reappear after that mass extinction.
As if historical records were not dire warnings enough about the impact of increased CO2, we have also to add two other very important trends that are affecting Earth today. These trends were not taking place during the period of the Triassic. One, we have allowed massive deforestation from clear-cutting, forest fires, and soil and water contamination. Over the past 200 years, humanity has wiped out approximately 50 percent of the Earth’s forest cover.
Thus, not only are we pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at an alarming rate, but we are also wiping out the very species we need to help regulate our climate. The reality is that not only has humanity never faced this type of rapid and devastating change under these dire circumstances, neither has the Earth.
For those that continue to ignore the realities of global warming and its causes and damage, a final but important point is that the fossil fuel industry is outdated. It lags far behind new, more sustainable, and less expensive technology. In fact, the design for the combustion engine used in most vehicles is over 100 years old!
Moreover, the oil and gas industries pollute the land and water through their pipeline and tanker oil spills and fracking. By inventing newer and better alternatives to generate energy and investing in them with our tax dollars, we can do better. It’s time to let go of these “dinosaur” technologies and apply the new methods that run far more efficiently and safely.
Additional reference points for people to explore further:
Eric Steig, “How do we know that recent CO2 increases are due to human activities?” RealClimate: Climate science from climate scientists, December 22, 2004, archives/2004/12/how-do-we-know-that-recent-sub2sub-increases- are-due-to-human-activities-updated/.
Charles Choi, Earth’s Atmospheric Oxygen Levels Continue Long Slide, Live Science, September 22, 2016, https://www.livescience. com/56219-earth-atmospheric-oxygen-levels-declining.html accessed on February 2020
J.E. Harries et al., “Increases in greenhouse forcing inferred from the outgoing longwave radiation spectra of the Earth in 1970 and 1997,” Nature 410, no. 6828 (2001): 355-357.
Kevin Trenberth, “Global Warming is Happening,” National Center for Atmospheric Research, accessed March 25, 2020.
Peter Rejcek,“Going Deep: Drilling project to retrieve longest ice core ever from the South Pole,” In-Depth Newsletter, National Science Foundation Ice Core Facility, Spring 2015.
Shaun A. Marcott et al., “Centennial-scale changes in the global carbon cycle during the last deglaciation,” Nature 514, nos. 616-619 (October 2014).
Morgan F. Schaller, James D. Wright, and Dennis V. Kent, “Atmospheric PCO2 Perturbations Associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province,” Science 331, no. 6023 (March 2011): 1404-1409.
Catriona MacGregor has led Vision Quests and Nature Quests for twenty years in the US & Scotland benefitting participants from 8 countries. Called “Nature Girl” since childhood, Catriona is a descendant of the indigenous people of Scotland. Catriona managed the largest coastal sanctuary in the United States, stretching over 600 miles. Her program led to the comeback of an endangered species & was awarded the Blue Ribbon in Conservation by a former US President. Catriona’s book Partnering with Nature: The Wild Path to Reconnecting to the Earth won a Gold medal. Her newest book Secrets of a Celtic Mystic: Sacred Earth Prophecy can be purchased at her site or Amazon.
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.