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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/9663/is-it-pions-or-gluons-that-mediate-the-strong-force-between-nucleons/20499
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# Is it pions or gluons that mediate the strong force between nucleons?
From my recent experience teaching high school students I've found that they are taught that the strong force between nucleons is mediated by virtual-pion exchange, whereas between quarks it's gluons. They are not, however, taught anything about colour or quark-confinement.
At a more sophisticated level of physics, is it just that the maths works equally well for either type of boson, or is one (type of boson) in fact more correct than the other?
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See the answer by Lubos at physics.stackexchange.com/questions/9661/… . The correct type is the gluon. – anna v May 10 '11 at 12:04
@anna I posed this question after having read @Lubosh's answer. I don't feel that it answers my question and, either way, I was kind of hoping for a slightly more expansive answer. When I get a chance I'll add an edit, containing some LaTex, that should better describe why I posted this query. – qftme May 10 '11 at 12:08
Lubos gave a complete answer, but one could add that nuclear forces are in analogy with the electromagnetic forces between molecules, the Van der Waals forces. There the mediator is the photon, but the moments of the charge distributions are what control the forces exerted between molecules. In a similar way the strong nuclear forces are such a spillover, except that in contrast to the photon the gluon carries color and couples to itself so it is much more complicated. – anna v May 10 '11 at 13:42
Yes. Depending on the energy and distance scale in question. – dmckee May 10 '11 at 14:18
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## 2 Answers
Dear qftme, I agree that your question deserves a more expansive answer. The answer, "pions" or "gluons", depends on the accuracy with which you want to describe the strong force.
Historically, people didn't know about quarks and gluons in the 1930s when they began to study the forces in the nuclei for the first time.
In 1935, Hideki Yukawa made the most important early contribution of Japanese science to physics when he proposed that there may be short-range forces otherwise analogous to long-range electromagnetism whose potential is $$V(r) = K\frac{e^{-\mu r}}{r}$$ The Fourier transform of this potential is simply $1/(p^2+\mu^2)$ which is natural - an inverted propagator of a massless particle. (The exponential was added relatively to the Coulomb potential; and in the Fourier transform, it's equivalent to the addition of $\mu^2$ in the denominator.) The Yukawa particle (a spinless boson) was mediating a force between particles that was only significantly nonzero for short enough distances. The description agreed with the application to protons, neutrons, and the forces among them.
So the mediator of the strong force was thought to be a pion and the model worked pretty well. (In the 1930s, people were also confusing muons and pions in the cosmic rays, using names that sound bizarre to the contemporary physicists' ears - such as a mesotron, a hybrid of pion and muon, but that's another story.)
The pion model was viable even when the nuclear interactions were understood much more quantitatively in the 1960s. The pions are "pseudo-Goldstone bosons". They're spinless (nearly) massless bosons whose existence is guaranteed by the existence of a broken symmetry - in this case, it was the $SU(3)$ symmetry rotating the three flavors we currently know as flavors of the $u,d,s$ light quarks. The symmetry is approximate which is why the pseudo-Goldstone bosons, the pions (and kaons), are not exactly massless. But they're still significantly lighter than the protons and neutrons.
However, the theory with the fundamental pion fields is not renormalizable - it boils down to the Lagrangian's being highly nonlinear and complicated. It inevitably produces absurd predictions at short enough distances or high enough energies - distances that are shorter than the proton radius.
A better theory was needed. Finally, it was found in Quantum Chromodynamics that explains all protons, neutrons, and even pions and kaons (and hundreds of others) as bound states of quarks (and gluons and antiquarks). In that theory, all the hadrons are described as complicated composite particles and all the forces ultimately boil down to the QCD Lagrangian where the force is due to the gluons.
So whenever you study the physics at high enough energy or resolution so that you see "inside" the protons and you see the quarks, you must obviously use gluons as the messengers. Pions as messengers are only good in approximate theories in which the energies are much smaller than the proton mass. This condition also pretty much means that the velocities of the hadrons have to be much smaller than the speed of light.
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@Lubosh, Thanks. I read your answer with great interest (3 times!) Would I be correct to summerize that pion-exchange is merely a crude (non-renormalizable) approximation and it is closer to the truth to teach that it is instead just gluon exchange? (I say closer to the truth because I'm sure that if sea- and valence-quarks, and their associated PDFs, are properly taken into account the situation must be become significantly more complex.) – qftme May 10 '11 at 13:21
( ), sound of two hands clapping. – anna v May 10 '11 at 13:28
@qftme: you should use the appropriate level of detail to explain things. Trying to model inter-nucleon interactions with quarks and gluons directly is messy, difficult and clouds the problems. The nucleon/pion model is simple and quantitatively precise up to orders of inverse energy. It is the appropriate model for that scale. – genneth May 10 '11 at 13:45
@genneth, I completely agree, in general. The student in question however, is particularly inquisitive and specifically asked for an answer that was not 'dummed-down' due to it being too complex. One of my old Professors used to say "Simplify, simplify, but don't through the baby out the bathwater." I think in this instance, whether or not to settle on the pion model is equivalent to the baby sitting on the rim of the bath.. – qftme May 10 '11 at 13:59
@Lubosh, belay that last request, I just found a 12page study into whether or not the pion model is appropriate to teach at a pre-University level. For anyone interested it's here: teachers.web.cern.ch/teachers/archiv/HST2002/feynman/… – qftme May 13 '11 at 14:52
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gluons mediate the strong force between quarks. Pions mediate the nuclear force or nucleon-nucleon interaction or RESIDUAL strong force. So, the answer to your question is BOTH. In different measure, but both. See Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_force
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http://mylime.info/physik/ph-electricity-and-magnetism-magnetic-fields.php
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Magnetic fields are almost everywhere: automotive drives, power supply or magnetic resonance imaging. Without magnetic fields the world wouldn't be like it is today. In this section we will explain and examine the magnetic flux density, coils, elctromagnets and magnetic force.
1 The effect of an bar magnet on a welding arc
A bar magnet is approaching to a welding arc. As a result of this the welding arc is distracted. Watch yourself in the short film.
Magnetic forces always occur pairwise. So beside the bar magnet there must be a second magnetic field. That is the point. Where is it?
By the way: There is an attraction between the N-pole and the S-pole. But same poles do repell each other. The earth acts as if there is a huge bar magnet inside it. The N-pole of a bar magnet will be attracted toward the northern hemisphere. So there must be a imaginary S-pole far north.
Are you interessted? Here you will find more answers ...
2 Magnetic field pattern
Even some people state to be sensitive to a magnetic field, humans do not have any sensors for the magnetic field. But we are able to recognize the forces of a magnetic field: a compass or a magnet holding something on the steel dor of the fridge.
The magnetic field pattern can made be visible with iron fillings on top of a horse-shoe magnet. In between is a homogeneous field, outside we are talking of inhomogenous field. The field lines do have a direction since the iron fillings will move as you start to move the magnet.
The stronger the magnetic field, the more densely packed the lines of flux. So we describe the strength of the magnetic field by the magnetic flux density B, which is measured in Tesla (T).
3 The magnetic effect of a current
Around a long straight wire with a current flow inside we observe a circular magnetic field. However to observe this there is current of at least 20 A necessary.
If you use magnet neadels instead of iron fillings, you will notice a change in direction if the direcetion of current changes. This leads to the right-hand grip rule:
If your right thumb points in the direction of the current, your fingers then curl in the direction of the lines of flux.
Around a wire the magnetic flux density decreases with the distance $r$: $B=\frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}$, in which the constant $\mu_0=4\pi \cdot 10^{-7}~TmA^{-1}$ is the permeability of free space.
4 magnetic field pattern and strength of a solenoid
If you wrap a long wire we are talking of a coil. A solenoid is a long coil with a large number of turns of wire. The result of the superposition of each magnetic field is a homogeneous field pattern inside the solenoid. The pattern is identical to the field of a bar magnet. The difference: We can switch it on/off and adjust the strength of the magnetic field.
The stronger the current $I$ and the more turns of wire $n$ the stronger the magnetic flux density. If a solenoid is in a vacuum or air we can write:
$$B=\mu_0 \cdot n \cdot I$$
5 Magnetic materials
Electrons spin in each atom. So each electron acts like a tiny electric current and produces a tiny magnetic field. In some materials the magnetic effects of all electrons cancel in other they line up. In ferromagnetic materials like iron, cobalt and nickel the tine magnetic fields line up to a strong magnetic field.
So a ferromagnetic core in a solenoid increases the magnetic strength. With the permeability of materials $µ_r$ which is up to 10,000 for iron, 1 in vacuum and less then 1 for copper we can write:
$$B=\mu_0 \cdot \mu_r \cdot n \cdot I$$
6 Magnetic force
A wire carrying current placed in a magnetic field feels a force. The two magnetic fields interact with each other. If the direction of the two patterns are opposite the fields are destructive. If the direction is identical they line up constructive to a strong field resulting in a force on the wire. We can construct the direction of force with the right hand rule and the knowledge that densly packed field lines result in a pushing force.
The stronger the magnetic flux density $B$, the higher the current $I$, the larger the length $l$ of the conductor in the field and the more vertical the angle $\theta$ between the magnetic field and the conductor the greater the force $F$: $$F=B\cdot I\cdot l\cdot sin~\theta$$
7 Magnetic force on a moving charge
Charged particles from the outer space get trapped by the magnetic field of earth and produce the spectacular glow in the sky shown in the video. The force (Lorentz) on a moving charge with its charge $Q$, velocity $v$ and angle $\theta$ can be written to: $$F=B\cdot Q \cdot v \cdot sin~\theta$$
ideas of
R. Brugger, FTA15 Elektronikschule Tettnang
K. Johnson et al., "Advanced Physics for You"
#### Question 1 construction of magnetic field pattern
Construct the magnetic field pattern around the current carrying wires
#### Question 2 magnetic force
Which description fits?
1. Around a current carrying wire, a magnetic field is ...
2. The direction of the magnetic field ...
1. The magnetic field between two poles is directed from ...
2. opposite poles ...
1. On the right side of the wire, both magnetic fields interact ...
2. The direction of force is towards the ...
#### Experiment 1 make magnetic field pattern visible
All you need is a bar magnet, acrylic glass and iron fillings.
Before you put the iron fillings on the bar magnet put a acrylic glass in between.
Hint: make a video of the experiment.
• How does the magnetic field pattern look like?
• Where is the field homogeneous and where inhomogenous?
• Does the direction change if we flip the manget?
• Add a second bar magnet and repeat the experiement.
• magnetic field pattern of a horse shoe magnet:
### First relax ...
Here you can find the world's simplest electric train.
Can you explain how it works?
#### Question 3 flux density
Calculate the magnetic flux density
1. Calculate the magnetic flux density at a distance of 2.5 cm from a long straight wire carrying a current of 2.0 A.
2. Close to a wire carrying a current of 4.0 A the magnetic flux density is $4.0\cdot 10^{-5}$ T. How far is the distance from the wire?
3. A solenoid of length 12 cm has 4800 turns per meter, the current through it is 2.5 A. Calculate the magnetic flux densty at the centre of the solenoid.
1. magnetic flux density:
$B=\frac{\mu_0I}{2\pi r}=1.6 \cdot 10^{-5}~T$
2. distance from the wire:
$r=\frac{\mu_0I}{2\pi B}=2~cm$
3. magnetic flux density:
$B=\mu_0 n I = \mu_0 \frac{4800}{0.12} I = 0.126~T$
#### Question 4 construction of magnetic force
Construct the resulting magnetic field and force
1. magnetic field (blue) to the right, current (red) into the board
2. magnetic field (blue) and current (red) to the right
1. magnetic field (blue) into the board, current (red) to the right
2. magnetic field (blue), current (red) upwards
Resuslting magnetic field and force:
#### Question 5 The magnetic force on a moving charge
An electron with a charge of $Q=e=-1.6 \cdot 10^{-19}~As$ is moving with $v=5 \cdot 10^{7}~m/s$ perpendicular to an uniform magnetic field with flux density $B=6.25 \cdot 10^{-2}~T$. The mass of the electron is $m=9.1 \cdot 10^{-31}~kg$.
1. Construct the direction of the force.
2. Calculate the force.
4. Calculate the time period T.
5. Explain how mass spectrometers are used to identify different isotopes in a sample of material.
1. Resuslting magnetic field and force:
2. magnetic force:
$F=BQv= -5 \cdot 10^{-13}~N$
$r=\frac{mv}{BQ}= 4.55 \cdot 10^{-3}~m$
$T=\frac{2\pi m}{BQ}= 5.72 \cdot 10^{-10}~s$
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https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/15926/according-to-what-criteria-was-the-periodic-table-of-elements-ordered
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# According to what criteria was the periodic table of elements ordered?
I was wondering why the elements in the periodic table were disposed the way they are. I understand, of course, that they are put in increasing atomic number fashion, but I'd like to know more about the topic. Could you link some reference that examine in detail the structure of the periodic table?
• It was realized that (what is now) every 8th element exhibited similar chemical behavior and the periodic table was arranged as such. It was later realized from quantum mechanics why these behaviors were so similar (the discovery and understanding of orbitals, electron configuration, etc.). – LordStryker Sep 4 '14 at 19:14
• Elements were ordered by the increase of their atomic weight, not numbers. – RBW Sep 4 '14 at 20:00
• sounds like a duplicate of this: chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/15883/… Maybe you mean something else, in which case please clarify the question. – user137 Sep 4 '14 at 22:50
• I'm not asking how Mendeleev found out atomic weight, but what are the other chemical properties to consider when you build the periodic table. If increasing atomic weight were the only criterion, it would just be one long string of elements, or a rectangle. – Nicol Sep 5 '14 at 5:50
• @Nicol All the Noble gases have virtually zero reactivity with anything we know of. We know why this is now (because their valence space is filled) but back then nobody knew WHY. They just knew that there were some elements that had the same chemical behavior (in this case, atoms that don't react). Rinse and repeat for other groups in the periodic table. – LordStryker Sep 5 '14 at 13:08
I do not address the question of history, of Mendeleyev's investigations, that is answered in How was Mendeleev able to develop his table?
Modern understanding of basic principles follows. Let us have a piece of periodic table
... A0 B0 ...
... A1 B1 ...
.............
Element "B0" must have the next atomic number after "A0", i.e. one more electron. It is different chemically, although may have (albeit not necessarily) similar physical properties.
Element "A1" must be chemically similar to "A0", although physical properties may differ significantly (as a general rule, ".1" elements are denser than ".0"). It happens that for each element there exist its "analog" in the next period, that has similar chemical properties (based on similar outer-shell electron configuration). This pattern, once noticed, permitted for good predictions (search for Mendeleyev's "eka" elements in Internet for more information).
Periods have different lengths. Analog's atomic number may be 8, 18, or 32 ahead off the prototype's atomic number (the number of electrons expended to "raise" all the configuration one shell up). This difference is due to quantummechanical effects.
The vertical columns are families, which are elements that share similar characteristics. For example on the far right side of the periodic table are the alkali metals, known for being extremely reactive. and on the opposite side are the noble gases, which are known for reacting to very few substances. The horizontal periods are organized by the atomic number; the number of protons in an particle.
Dimitri Mendeleev purposely left spaces in the periodic table because he knew there were elements that had not yet been discovered, that would need a place on the periodic table.
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https://wiraelectrical.com/inductance-formula-circuits/
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# Inductance Formula of an Inductor – Explanation and Example
Contents
An inductance formula is quite similar to the resistance formula. The way we calculate inductance of a single inductor and resistance of a single resistor is related to the cross-section area and material.
Not only that, we also can calculate series and parallel inductors easily like what we do with series and parallel resistors.
We will mention both inductors and coils a lot here, but don’t get confused. Both of them still have the same equation and formula.
## What is an Inductor
An inductor is one of the most popular passive elements for an electrical circuit. Why is it called a passive element instead of a passive component? Because an inductor provides inductance in the circuit, but an inductance may be generated without a single inductor in the circuit.
Keep in mind, inductances can be found in a single conductor wire, especially if it is wired in a core like a coil. Every coil will likely produce inductance in the circuit. A conductor wire will produce a magnetic field when electric current passes through it.
Inductors will produce self-induced EMF with opposite polarity as current flows through it (that is why the EMF is known as back-EMF). Inductor will have a changing magnetic field as long as there is change of current flowing through it.
When EMF is induced in an electrical circuit where the inductor is used, it is called Self Induction (L). Self-induction can be found in an inductor used in an electrical circuit, where there is no inductor used in the same magnetic field.
When EMF is induced in an adjacent pair of inductors placed in the same magnetic field, it is called Mutual Induction (M). Mutual-induction is mainly found in a transformer, relay, electric motor, and everything that has a pair of coils wrapped together.
Inductance which we have talked about until now is self-induction. We will talk about mutual inductance later.
## What is an Inductance
If a resistor provides a resistance against current in the circuit, inductors are quite similar to resistors.
An inductor is a conductor wire wrapped around a core. It may be air, ferrite, etc. Of course, a coil of conducting wire is also considered as an inductor.
An inductor is a passive element that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field and can be found almost everywhere in electronic circuits, power supply circuits, communication systems, and especially transformers.
Moving on, an inductor provides inductance in the circuit. Any conducting wire that is inductive in the circuit is also considered as an inductor.
What is an inductance?
An inductance is the opposition rate against a change of current by an inductor when a current flows through it.
From the illustration above, inductance is calculated from its length, cross-section area, material of the core, and number of turns.
Mathematically, we can use the equation:
Where:
L = inductance, measured in Henry (H)
N = number of turns
μ = permeability of the core
A = cross-section area
l = length of the inductor
Looking from the equation above, the core material which has specific permeability is a key role of an inductance value. There will be different values for air core and ferrite core.
The measurement unit Henry (H) for inductance is taken from Joseph Henry, an American physicist who contributed greatly to electromagnets. Another measurement unit for inductance is Weber per Ampere and it is equal to Henry, 1 H is equal to 1 Wb/A.
## Inductance of an Inductor
Why is the EMF produced by self-inductance called back-EMF? We can answer this from Lenz’ Law.
According to Lenz’s law:
The direction of the electric current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes the changing initial magnetic field.
Furthermore, we can define that:
One Henry will be generated by a single coil when EMF is produced as a result of one volt induced in the coil, where the change of current rate 1 Ampere per second is flowing through that coil.
Summarized,
An inductance (L) of one Henry is generated while the change of current 1 A/s is flowing through it. This change of current induces a voltage (VL) at one volt.
Mathematically, the change of current in a time for a coil is
Where:
di = change of current (A)
dt = time needed to achieve the di, measured in seconds
Combined with inductance (L) and voltage (V) we get,
Where:
V = induced voltage in the coil (V)
L = inductances (H)
Doing a little positioning and we get,
Where:
L = inductance (Henry)
v = voltage across the inductor (V)
di/dt = change of current per second (A/s)
Just like a resistor that “resist” currents in the circuit, an inductor “resists” the change of current in the circuit. The bigger the Henries, the lower the change of current rate, and vice versa.
## Self Induction of Inductor Formula
We can say that an inductor is a looped conductor wire wrapped around a core. This device can store energy in the form of a magnetic field. We can increase the inductance by increasing its loops or turns of the wire for the coil or inductor.
If the inductance increases, the magnetic flux also increases with the same amount of current.
Observe the self induction equation below:
Where:
L = inductance (H)
N = number of turns
Φ = magnetic flux
I = current (A)
The equation above is also known as magnetic flux linkage divided by the current flowing in each loop of the coil (NΦ/I).
Let’s do simple example of self-inductance an inductor below:
Assume that we have an air-core inductor with:
• 100 turns of copper wire.
• 5 mWb of magnetic flux.
• 2 Ampere DC current flowing through it.
Then using the self-inductance
Substituting the known variable into the equation results in:
## Inductance Formula of an Inductor
There will be another inductance formula besides the self-inductance. We will find it step-by-step to make sure you understand where it comes from (even it is not that important to most of us who only need to know how to use it properly).
The magnetic flux that we used earlier is determined by the construction and characteristic of the coil or inductor. The construction is built from the length of the inductor, size, number of turns, materials, cores etc.
Among all the factors, the permeability of the core and number of turns will be the key factors here. Using a different core will make the coil’s dimension changed, especially the number of turns.
High permeability core and high number of turns produce high self-induction coefficient of an inductor.
The magnetic flux produced by its core is equal to the flux density and cross-sectional area.
Where:
Φ = magnetic flux
B = flux density
A = cross-sectional area
Going deeper, the flux density depends on the permeability of the core, number of turns, flowing current, and its length.
Substituting the flux density into inductance formula we knew before produces:
Simplifying the equation above into an inductance formula consists of core material, number of turns, cross-sectional area, and length.
Where:
L = inductances (H)
μ = permeability of the core
N = number of turns
A = cross-sectional area
l = length of the inductor
## Inductance Formula Summary
Before closing our study here, let us mention some important things:
1. Just as the inductance formula above where it depends on the rate of change of current.
2. The value v will be zero if the current is steady. It means since the voltage is zero, an inductor acts as a short circuit in a DC circuit.
3. An instantaneous change of current is not allowed. It means a sudden discontinuity of current can’t be calculated properly. But the opposite behavior is possible for its voltage.
4. An ideal inductor doesn’t dissipate energy.
5. Inductors store energy by taking power from the circuit.
6. Inductors return energy when delivering power to the circuit.
7. Actual inductors have a resistive element since they are made from conductors such as copper wire.
Going deeper, we will continue this topic to series and parallel inductors formula.
### How do you find inductance?
Calculate inductance can be done using the formula
L = μ N^2 A / l
Where L is inductance, μ is permeability, N is number of turns, A is cross-sectional area, and I is the current.
### What is N in the inductance formula?
N in the inductance formula indicates the number of turns the inductor or coil has while l is its length of coil or inductor.
### What is the unit of inductance?
Inductance is measured in Henry as an honor to Joseph Henry. One Henry is the value of self-inductance, a coil or inductor where one volt is produced by inducing one ampere per second.
### Why is L used for inductance?
L is used as an honor to Heinrich Lenz who introduced electromagnetism.
### What is the symbol for inductance?
Inductance is presented by the symbol of L (Lenz) while its measurement unit is H (Henry).
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http://www.compchemhighlights.org/2019/02/dodecaphenyltetracene.html
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## Wednesday, February 27, 2019
### Dodecaphenyltetracene
Xiao, Y.; Mague, J. T.; Schmehl, R. H.; Haque, F. M.; Pascal Jr., R. A., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 2831-2833
Contributed by Steven Bacharach
Reposted from Computational Organic Chemistry with permission
The Pascal group has synthesized dodecaphenyltetracene 1.1
While this paper has little computational work, it is of interest to readers of this blog since I have discussed many aspect of aromaticity. This new tetracene is notable for its large twisting along the tetracene axis: about 97° in the x-ray structure. I have optimized the structure of 1 at B3LYP-D3(BJ)/6-311G(d) and its structure is shown in Figure 1. It is twisted by about 94°. The computed and x-ray structures are quite similar, as seen in Figure 2. Here the x-ray structure is shown with red balls, the computed structure with gray balls, and hydrogens have been removed for clarity.
Figure 1. B3LYP-D3(BJ)/6-311G(d) optimized structure of 1.
Figure 2. Comparison of the x-ray (red) and computed (gray) structures of 1. (Hydrogens omitted for clarity.)
The authors note that this molecule is chiral, having near D2 symmetry. (The optimized structure has D2symmetry.) They performed AM1 computations to estimate a very low barrier for racemization of only 17.3 kcal mol-1, leading to a half-life of less than one second at RT.
A notable aspect of the molecule is that aromaticity can adapt to significant twisting yet retain aromatic character. For example, the molecule is stable even surviving boiling off of chloroform (61 °C) to form crystals and the majority of the C-C bonds in the tetracene portion have distances typical of aromatic systems (~1.4 Å).
### References
1) Xiao, Y.; Mague, J. T.; Schmehl, R. H.; Haque, F. M.; Pascal Jr., R. A., “Dodecaphenyltetracene.” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 201958, 2831-2833, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812418.
### InChIs
1: InChI=1S/C90H60/c1-13-37-61(38-14-1)73-74(62-39-15-2-16-40-62)78(66-47-23-6-24-48-66)86-82(70-55-31-10-32-56-70)90-84(72-59-35-12-36-60-72)88-80(68-51-27-8-28-52-68)76(64-43-19-4-20-44-64)75(63-41-17-3-18-42-63)79(67-49-25-7-26-50-67)87(88)83(71-57-33-11-34-58-71)89(90)81(69-53-29-9-30-54-69)85(86)77(73)65-45-21-5-22-46-65/h1-60H
InChIKey=NJQABVWYMCSFNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
'
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https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-abstract/51/11/131/11694/Evaluation-of-denitrification-potential-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext
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In this study the effect of retention time and rotation speed in the denitrification process in two full-scale rotating biological contactors (RBC) which were operated parallel and fed with municipal wastewater is evaluated. Each rotating biological contactor was covered to prevent oxygen input. The discs were 40% submerged. On the axle of one of the rotating biological contactors lamellas were placed (RBC1). During the experiments the nitrate removal performance of the rotating biological contactor with lamellas was observed to be less than the other (RBC2) since the lamellas caused oxygen diffusion through their movement. The highest nitrate removal observed was 2.06 g/m2.d achieved by a contact time of 28.84 minutes and a recycle flow of 1 l/s. The rotation speed during this set had the constant value of 0.8 min−1. Nitrate removal efficiency on RBC1 was decreasing with increasing rotation speed. On the rotating biological contactor without lamellas no effect on denitrification could be determined within a speed range from 0.67 to 2.1 min−1. If operated in proper conditions denitrification on RBC is a very suitable alternative for nitrogen removal that can easily fulfil the nutrient limitations in coastal areas due to the rotating biological contactors economical benefits and uncomplicated handling.
This content is only available as a PDF.
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https://fr.maplesoft.com/support/help/view.aspx?path=evalc/functions&L=F
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functions - Maple Help
Functions Known to evalc
Description
• The following functions are known to evalc, in the sense that their real and imaginary parts are known for all complex arguments in their domains.
sin cos tan csc sec cot sinh cosh tanh csch sech coth arcsin arccos arctan arccsc arcsec arccot arcsinh arccosh arctanh arccsch arcsech arccoth exp ln sqrt ^ abs conjugate polar argument signum csgn Re Im
• The following functions are partially known to evalc, in the sense that their real and imaginary parts are known for some complex arguments in their domains, and/or it is known that the functions are not real valued everywhere on the real line.
Ei LambertW Psi dilog surd Ci Si Chi Shi Ssi
• If evalc is applied to an expression involving RootOfs of polynomials, the polynomials are split into pairs of polynomials whose roots include the real and imaginary parts of the roots of the original polynomials.
• If evalc is applied to an expression involving ints (or sums), each such integral (or sum) are split into two integrals (or sums) of real functions, giving the real and imaginary parts of the original integrals (or sums).
• evalc assumes that all variables represent real-valued quantities. evalc further assumes that unknown functions of real variables are real valued.
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http://blog.sigfpe.com/2010/07/automatic-divided-differences.html?showComment=1284832200458
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# A Neighborhood of Infinity
## Saturday, July 31, 2010
### Automatic Divided Differences
Divided Differences
I've previously talked about automatic differentiation here a few times. One of the standard arguments for using automatic differentiation is that it is more accurate than numeric differentiation implemented via divided differences. We can approximate f'(x) by using (f(x)-f(y))/(x-y) with a value of y near x. Accuracy requires y to be close to x, and that requires computing the difference between two numbers that are very close. But subtracting close numbers is itself a source of numerical error when working with finite precision. So you're doomed to error no matter how close you choose x and y to be.
However, the accuracy problem with computing divided differences can itself be fixed. In fact, we can adapt the methods behind automatic differentiation to work with divided differences too.
(This paragraph can be skipped. I just want to draw a parallel with what I said here. Firstly I need to correct the title of that article. I should have said it was about *divided differences*, not *finite differences*. The idea in that article was that the notion of a divided difference makes sense for types because for a large class of function you can define divided differences without using either differencing or division. You just need addition and multiplication. That's the same technique I'll be using here. I think it's neat to see the same trick being used in entirely different contexts.)
The Direct Approach
Firstly, here's a first attempt at divided differencing:
> diff0 f x y = (f x - f y)/(x - y)
We can try it on the function f:
> f x = (3*x+1/x)/(x-2/x)
diff0 f 1 1.000001 gives -14.0000350000029. Repeating the calculation with an arbitrary precision package (I used CReal) gives -14.000035000084000. We are getting nowhere near the precision we'd like when working with double precision floating point.
The Indirect Approach
Automatic differentiation used a bunch of properties of differentiation: linearity, the product rule and the chain rule. Similar rules hold for divided differences. First let me introduce some notation. If f is a function then I'll use f(x) for normal function application. But I'll use f[x,y] to mean the divided difference (f(x)-f(y))/(x-y). We have
(f+g)[x,y] = f[x,y]+g[x,y]
(fg)[x,y] = f(x)g[x,y]+f[x,y]g(y)
h[x,y] = f[g(x),g(y)]g[x,y] when h(x)=f(g(x))
We can modify the product rule to make it more symmetrical though it's not strictly necessary:
(fg)[x,y] = 0.5(f(x)+f(y))g[x,y]+0.5f[x,y] (g(x)+g(y))
(I got that from this paper by Kahan.)
In each case, given f evaluated at x and y, and its divided difference at [x, y], and the same for g, we can compute the corresponding quantities for the sum and product of f and g. So we can store f(x), f(y) and f[x,y] together in a single structure:
> data D a = D { fx :: a, fy :: a, fxy :: a } deriving (Eq, Show, Ord)
And now we can implement arithmetic on these structures using the rules above:
> instance Fractional a => Num (D a) where
> fromInteger n = let m = fromInteger n in D m m 0
> D fx fy fxy + D gx gy gxy = D (fx+gx) (fy+gy) (fxy+gxy)
> D fx fy fxy * D gx gy gxy = D (fx*gx) (fy*gy) (0.5*(fxy*(gx+gy) + (fx+fy)*gxy))
> negate (D fx fy fxy) = D (negate fx) (negate fy) (negate fxy)
I'll leave as an exercise the proof that this formula for division works:
> instance Fractional a => Fractional (D a) where
> fromRational n = let m = fromRational n in D m m 0
> D fx fy fxy / D gx gy gxy = D (fx/gx) (fy/gy) (0.5*(fxy*(gx+gy) - (fx+fy)*gxy)/(gx*gy))
For the identity function, i, we have i(x)=x, i(y)=y and i[x,y]=1. So for any x and y, the evaluation of the identity function at x, y and [x,y] is represented as D x y 1. To compute divided differences for any function f making use of addition, subtraction and division we need to simply apply f to D x y 1. We pick off the divided difference from the fxy element of the structure. Here's our replacement for diff0.
> diff1 f x y = fxy \$ f (D x y 1)
This is all mimicking the construction for automatic differentiation.
Evaluating diff0 f 1 1.000001 gives -14.000035000083997. Much closer to the result derived using CReal. One neat thing about this is that we have a function that's well defined even in the limit as x tends to y. When we evaluate diff1 f 1 1 we get the derivative of f at 1.
I thought that this was a novel approach but I found it sketched at the end of this paper by Reps and Rall. (Though their sketch is a bit vague so it's not entirely clear what they intend.)
Both the Kahan paper and the Reps and Rall papers give some applications of computing divided diferences this way.
It's not clear how to deal with the standard transcendental functions. They have divided differences that are very complex compared to their derivatives.
Aside
There is a sense in which divided differences are uncomputable(!) and that what we've had to do is switch from an extensional description of functions to an intensional description to compute them. I'll write about this some day.
Note that the ideas here can be extended to higher order divided differences and that there are some really nice connections with type theory. I'll try to write about these too.
Update: I found another paper by Reps and Rall that uses precisely the method described here.
Trevor said...
Is there a 0.5 missing from the (*) definition for the Num instance of D?
sigfpe said...
Trevor,
I factored out a 0.5 which may be what is leading you to think the definition of (*) differs from the formula I gave a few lines earlier. So I think the code is correct.
Trevor said...
Ah, I didn't match parentheses. Thanks!
Nimish said...
Have you looked at differential Galois theory? It seems that could provide answers since the type derivation that makes zippers "obvious" fits the criteria for a derivation on the ring (field?) of Haskell types.
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http://salernoeventicultura.it/tanb/hermite-element.html
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# Hermite Element
denotes a matrix with mrows and ncolumns, whose typical element is a ij. He was the main instrument in carrying into effect the nefarious schemes of his wily master, who used to call him his gossip. De nition 2 A vector is a matrix with only one column. Introduction. Please login with a confirmed email address before reporting spam Hi, I am using COMSOL 4. If the elements of a Hermitian matrix are. Interpolation allows any derivative to be given as Automatic, in which case it will attempt to fill in the necessary information from other derivatives or function values. This paper uses the bicubic Hermite element to compute the first four eigenvalues of the vibration problem of clamped plate by Matlab program and gives upper bound of the exact eigenvalues. The following images demonstrate how the facade elements were constructed. The result shows that the solutions of the finite element method using cubic Hermite interpolation is good enough in solving Sturm Liouville equation. Francois Guinot. 10 , when n is very high. The geometry, local muscle fiber orientation, and material parameters of the domain were defined using linear Lagrange or cubic Hermite finite element interpolation. 3 Determination of the reliable search. The Hermite polynomial can be defined by the contour integral. We employ the finite element method with a new set of Hermite interpolation polynomials derived recently by us using group theoretic considerations. The modified shape functions corresponding to the Hermite cubic element can be obtained in a similar manner. We show that (i) the approach presented here yields better accuracy by several orders of magnitude, with a smoother representation of fields than the vector finite elements for waveguide calculations. If the normalized argument is FALSE, the function orthogonal. Figure 3 Structure of the ( γ -1) th , γ -1 th and ( γ -1+1) th elements in Hermite collocation. Hermite polynomials were defined by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1810, though in scarcely recognizable form, and studied in detail by Pafnuty Chebyshev in 1859. Hermite-Rodriguez functions of some order. As documented by the original author, anything more than 2 workers slows down resizing as combining the data takes time. If c is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the value of tensor. A stable solution is obtained at a relatively coarser mesh than the fully Lagrangian discretised finite element mesh. Cell[BoxData[RowBox[List[RowBox[List[RowBox[List["Re", "[", RowBox[List["HermiteH", "[", RowBox[List["n", ",", RowBox[List["x", "+", RowBox[List["$ImaginaryI. If A contains other variables, hermiteForm treats those variables as symbolic parameters. The function hermite. This deserves to be presented to encourage the reader to learn more about the incredible field of Fourier analysis. Craig Burnside Anita T. Abstract Straight beam flnite elements with greater than two nodes are used for edge stifiening in plane stress analyses and elsewhere. The constituent elements of the formula are illustrated with dashed lines (courtesy of a Degrafa decorator). The finite element method for beams using structural engineering. We've seen generating functions in the context of the. C1 scheme variation uses quintic and G1 variant uses octic triangular patches. There are numerous elements that could be selected. 9}\) are the Hermite polynomials, which are standard mathematical functions known from the work of Charles Hermite. To simplify the comparison, IHFESM uses the same Hermite element mesh and the same global regularization matrix formulation (see Section 3. Applications for the torso model include the forward and inverse problems of electrocardiography, defibrillation studies, radiation dosage studies, and heat transfer studies. hermiteH acts element-wise on nonscalar inputs. If A does not contain var, then hermiteForm(A) and hermiteForm(A,var) return different results. 1 Hermite Cubic Shape Functions; 6. de Abstract. The goal of this section is to describe an explicit isomorphism ⇥i d:Sym d(Di U) ! ^i (Symd+i1 U). Cubic Hermite polynomials are used to approximate the dependent variable functions within the element. However the construction of such elements can be rather laborious, as shown in [8]. Divergence‐free velocity bases defined on (but not limited to) rectangles are presented, which produce pointwise divergence‐free flow fields (∇·u h ≡0). has a value of 1 and in all other nodes assumes a value of 0. Furthermore, cubic Hermite and other high-order solution spaces have convergence advantages in finite element simulations of ventricular biomechanics (Costa et al. The element is based upon a three-dimensional extension of the Coons patch technique, combined with the fact that the generating lines are obtained using the Hermite interpolation technique; the resulting finite-element unknowns are the nodal values of: (i) the. They all follow the same theme, summed up by the spiritual element of the Hermit. Furthermore, cubic Hermite and other high-order solution spaces have convergence advantages in finite element simulations of ventricular biomechanics (Costa et al. At least one input argument must be a scalar or both arguments must be vectors or matrices of the same size. [email protected] bounce mode looping (forward-reverse). Øygruppa er oppkalla etter den franske admiralen Jacques l'Hermite (1528. The one warning is that many common mesh constructions are ruled out. If one input argument is a scalar and the other one is a vector or a matrix, then hermiteH expands the scalar into a vector or matrix of the same size as the other argument with all elements equal to that scalar. Hermite by Raymond Le Vavasseur ( Book ) Correspondance d'Hermite et de Stieltjes. A stable solution is obtained at a relatively coarser mesh than the fully Lagrangian discretised finite element mesh. 252-256, Sept. This is chart for 35 Chebyshev nodes. Hermite matrix polynomials taking advantage of those recently treated in [1, 2]. Also, smoother elements such as Argyris may be used to discretize H1, although this is less common in practice. , 68 (2014), 1137-1150. The skeletal muscle and fat layers are modeled with bicubic Hermite linear elements and are obtained by joining the adjacent surface elements for each layer. Use MathJax to format equations. Generalized stiffness matrix for 3 node element. Send Private Message Flag post as spam. These elements produce results that have the same order of accuracy and rate of convergence as the standard. It is known in dimensions 1-8 and 24. 1 CHAP 4 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF BEAMS AND FRAMES 2 INTRODUCTION • We learned Direct Stiffness Method in Chapter 2 - Limited to simple elements such as 1D bars • we will learn Energy Methodto build beam finite element - Structure is in equilibrium when the potential energy is minimum. Keywords: Continuously Differentiable Finite Elements; Bogner-Fox-Schmit Rectangle; Triangular Hermite Element. We note that VFEM-based commercial. • Therefore we require a 3rd degree polynomial. 2, FEBRUARY 2010 Fig. Let Kˆ be a reference mesh cell. hermiteForm returns the Hermite normal form of a nonsingular integer square matrix A as an upper triangular matrix H, such that H j j ≥ 0 and − H j j 2 < H i j ≤ H j j 2 for j > i. We describe here a high order (cubic Hermite) coupled finite element/boundary element procedure for solving such electrocardiographic potential problems inside an. Integrals. The one warning is that many common mesh constructions are ruled out. Hermite polynomials 5 (physicist) (the equivalence of these last two identities may not be obvious, but its proof is a routine exercise). desember 1822 i Dieuze i Lothringen, død 14. element framework such that it appears very similar to conventional flnite elements and is easily understandable by those with a flnite element background. This function returns a vector with n + 1 elements containing the inner product of an order k Hermite polynomial, H_k ≤ft( x \right), with itself (i. The paper presents a novel finite element for the evaluation of the natural modes of vibrations of complex structures. The libMesh library is a C++ framework for the numerical simulation of partial differential equations on serial and parallel platforms. the first eleven physicists' Hermite polynomials are:. If the elements of a Hermitian matrix are. Optical mode converter for converting fundamental laser mode (TEM00) to a higher order of Hermite-Gaussian beams using Diffractive Optics For the phase-plate element, the height of the step is defined as. Cubic Hermite splines are typically used for interpolation of numeric data specified at given argument values ,, …,, to obtain a smooth continuous function. If A is not a square matrix or a singular matrix, the matrix H is simply an upper triangular matrix. In the present work a new isoparametric element is de veloped using Hermite polynomials. 288 Contents 1. Geometric modeling of the human torso using cubic hermite elements. But since this is the last step of a development involving the eigenfunctions of an Harmonic oscillator and a shift operator matrix, I thought it'd be better to post it here. Quadrilateral Elements Lagrangian Elements: yOrder 2n element has (n+1) nodes arranged in square‐ symmetric pattern -requires internal nodes. 0 with the PDE weak form mode and a 1D space. It is often necessary to. Hermite Interpolation. Cell[BoxData[RowBox[List[RowBox[List[RowBox[List["Re", "[", RowBox[List["HermiteH", "[", RowBox[List["n", ",", RowBox[List["x", "+", RowBox[List["\[ImaginaryI. And either the odd-series or the even-series are converge, as the ratio. Thus, the element includes = =2×2=4 independent DOFs. The same goes for the abstract part of variational approximations. On the other hand cubic Hermite collocation methods [7,21] are well established as robust techniques for solving two-point boundary value problems. Euler-Bernoulli Beam Finite Element Forces and their interrelationships at a point in the beam + M V Finite Element Approximation of w w(x) ≈we h(x)=ce 1 +c e 2x+c e 3x 2 +ce 4x 3 as the Hermite family of interpolation functions,. We can also find these matrix elements using the recursion relations and orthogonality of Hermite polynomials. The poet Tristan l’Hermite is the seventeenth century poet and dramatist, not the mediaeval general who served Louis XI, and from whom the poet borrowed his name. 2 Lien avec les éléments finis de Lagrange. singular fields at element edges. Published 3 December 2013 • 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, Volume 47, Number 1. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The finite elements with inter-elemental.$ These are Hermite polynomial sequences of different variances; see the material on variances below. If the normalized argument is FALSE, the function orthogonal. This paper uses the bicubic Hermite element to compute the first four eigenvalues of the vibration problem of clamped plate by Matlab program and gives upper bound of the exact eigenvalues. An equivalent formulation of the fact that Hermite polynomials are an orthogonal basis for L2(R, w(x) dx) consists in introducing Hermite functions (see below), and in saying that the Hermite functions are an orthonormal basis for L2(R). h be the Hermite cubic spline finite element approximation to u on a mesh with maximum element size h. The first theorem is that the Hermite polynomials can be obtained from a generating function. Cubic Hermite Splines Blending functions: ∑ = = m j j Bi u aju 0 Bi-1 Bi 1 1 0 0 Bi+1 Bi+2 1 1 0 0 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 Types of Splines • Splines covered in this lecture o Hermite !Bezier o Catmull-Rom o B-Spline • There are many others Each has different blending functions resulting in different properties Each has. Hermite polynomials 5 (physicist) (the equivalence of these last two identities may not be obvious, but its proof is a routine exercise). You can use the input argument var in any of the previous syntaxes. PhD thesis, KFUPM. Since kw1 vanishes on the boundary of the triangle, (2. 4 Lagrange —Uses the barycentric Lagrange interpolation algorithm. They were consequently not new, although. Which is what the old milk TV adverts were trying to tell us after all. Classical beams. The geometry is one quarter of an annulus. To tackle these problems, the WPI research team, including Ram-Mohan, PhD candidate Sathwik Bharadwaj, and Siddhant Pandey, who received a BS in physics and electrical and computer engineering in 2008, in collaboration with colleagues at Michigan State University, developed a node-based Hermite finite element simulation software. Whilst the mullions are comprised of arcs for simplicity's sake, Hermite splines may be used to provide more variation: Model line and curve elements have been generated for geometric form generation debugging purposes, and additional intersection lines are used to. First, a variational formulation of the equation is used to obtain a Weierstrass-Erdmann-type coupling relation valid at all points in the domain, singular and nonsingular. Each function differs in how it computes the slopes of the interpolant, leading to different behaviors when the underlying data has flat areas or undulations. 8 based on 150 Reviews "Best brewery around Victoriaville ,. Contribute to libMesh/libmesh development by creating an account on GitHub. 2 Exemples 2-D triangulaires 3. Earlier, we found the matrix elements of Xand Pof the harmonic os-cillator using the raising and lowering operators. hermitic synonyms, hermitic pronunciation, hermitic translation, English dictionary definition of hermitic. hermiteH acts element-wise on nonscalar inputs. In one-dimension, the C 1 NEM interpolant is identical to cubic Hermite finite elements. [21linear finite elements, finite differences [3—51, spectral decomposition [6], or a variational mo- 2. We find that value function iteration with Hermite approximation improves accuracy by one to three digits using little extra. Francois Guinot. subintervals using partition points ~x = (x0,x1,,xN), and solve problem 1. 2 Finite Element Equations; 6. Classical beams. Fighting Spirit Morale Boost Taunt Defender Hermite Chela Molluspike Skills Shell Drop (Normal Skill) Damage Modifier:? Skill Speed:? Jumps toward the enemy and crashes down with its shell. I know for sure the first part is right not sure about the second. The skeletal muscle and fat layers are modeled with bicubic Hermite linear elements and are obtained by joining the adjacent surface elements for each layer. For example, a jkdenotes the element lying in the jth row and kth column of the matrix A. These elements produce results that have the same order of accuracy and rate of convergence as the standard. 6 Finite Element Model. Page 30 F Cirak Beam is represented as a (disjoint) collection of finite elements On each element displacements and the test function are interpolated using shape functions and the corresponding nodal values Number of nodes per element Shape function of node K Nodal values of displacements Nodal values of test functions To obtain the FE equations the preceding interpolation equations are. Baum † Science Applications International Corporation, McLean, VA, 22102, USA Rainald L¨ohner‡ George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA A weighted essential non-oscillatory reconstruction scheme based on Hermite polyno-. 2) ku−u hk L ∞ ≤ Ch 4ku(4)k L ∞, (5. Interpolation of geometric data (points, tangent planes, normal curvature forms). Interpolation There are n terms in the sum and n − 1 terms in each product, so this expression defines a polynomial of degree at most n−1. The exact forms of polynomials that solve Equation $$\ref{15. Applications for the torso model include the forward and inverse problems of electrocardiography, defibrillation studies, radiation dosage studies, and heat transfer studies. Let dx = x' (t), dy = y' (t),. Università di Napoli Federico II. First, a variational formulation of the equation is used to obtain a Weierstrass-Erdmann-type coupling relation valid at all points in the domain, singular and nonsingular. 1 for the Lagrange case. Finite Element Method. The actual element is transformed linearly to the master element by the map , where. Hermite elements are crucial because they allow for two boundary conditions to be set. Hermite interpolation. At least one input argument must be a scalar or both arguments must be vectors or matrices of the same size. 有限的，有穷的，限定的 n. Keywords: Continuously Differentiable Finite Elements; Bogner-Fox-Schmit Rectangle; Triangular Hermite Element. The one warning is that many common mesh constructions are ruled out. Studies the relationship between Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinate systems with the help of computer plots of variables such as density and particle displacement. There are numerous elements that could be selected. Hermite polynomials were defined by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1810, though in scarcely recognizable form, and studied in detail by Pafnuty Chebyshev in 1859. Let Si be the vertices of T, i = 1,···,N + 1, and G its barycenter. At least one input argument must be a scalar or both arguments must be vectors or matrices of the same size. ISSN 1025-5834. CIRCULAR ARRAYS IN PULSED REGIME Time-dependent radiation from antennas is generally de-scribed by the transmitting-mode Time Domain (TD. The data should consist of the desired function value and derivative at each. Abstract Two new Hermite finite elements are shown to be an advantageous alternative to well-known mixed methods in the simulation of diffusion processes in heterogeneous anisotropic media. It is shown that the proposed higher order Hermite enriched contact finite elements attain better performance when compared with earlier introduced enriched elements. Mathematics subject classifications (2000): 42C40, 41A15, 65L60. Introduction. bounce mode looping (forward-reverse). In this paper, new natural element approximations are proposed, in order to address issues associated with incompressibility as well as to increase the accuracy in the Natural Element Method (NEM). Convergence, C1-continuity and the size effect in the numerical solution is shown. So we formulate the equation 6. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Rion-Patras GR-26500, Greece. Applications for the torso model include the forward and inverse problems of electrocardiography, defibrillation studies, radiation dosage studies, and heat transfer studies. Besides, the SP3 calculation costs are much less than higher order transport methods (SN or PN). Hermite(A, x) mod p computes the Hermite Normal Form (reduced row echelon form) of an m by n rectangular matrix of univariate polynomials in x over the integers modulo p. bic Hermite elements. 2 Exemples 2-D triangulaires 3. Furthermore, the kth product is equal to one, so the sum is equal to yk and the interpolation conditions are satisfied. La Jolla, CA. This is chart for 35 Chebyshev nodes. Thus, the element includes = =2×2=4 independent DOFs. First we will select an element with two nodes. Article The skeletal muscle and fat layers are modeled with bicubic Hermite linear elements and are obtained by joining the adjacent surface elements for each layer. In this paper, new natural element approximations are proposed, in order to address issues associated with incompressibility as well as to increase the accuracy in the Natural Element Method (NEM). Which is what the old milk TV adverts were trying to tell us after all. We extend to the case of these equations a Hermite finite element method providing flux continuity across inter-element boundaries, shown to be a well-adapted tool for simulating pure diffusion phenomena (cf. Cubic Hermite Interpolation • Develop a two data point Hermite interpolation function which passes through the func-tion and its first derivative for the interval [0, 1]. They define a cubic polynomial in one-dimensional space. Charles Hermite (Dieuze, Lorena, 1822 — París, 14 de gener de 1901) va ser un matemàtic francès. The basic idea is again to consider the zero dimensional ideal I ⊂ R[ x 1,,x n], and an associated basis of the quotient ring B = {α 1,,xα m}, where the elements of B are standard monomials. 1D HERMITE ELEMENTS FOR C1-CONTINUOUS SOLUTIONS IN SECOND GRADIENT ELASTICITY ChristianLiebold∗, WolfgangH. This paper uses the bicubic Hermite element to compute the first four eigenvalues of the vibration problem of clamped plate by Matlab program and gives upper bound of the exact eigenvalues. For example, a jkdenotes the element lying in the jth row and kth column of the matrix A. The geometric formula for the end tangent in terms of the original points (and T) will be important in part 4 when we discuss joining quadratic Hermite segments. ) Geometry transformation. Ultrasonic beam propagation through a bimetallic weld — a comparison for predictions of the gauss-hermite beam model and finite element method. Based on , • is an even function, when is even. Tetrahedral finite C 0-elements of the Hermite type satisfying the maximum angle condition are presented and the corresponding finite element interpolation theorems in the maximum norm are proved. h be the Hermite cubic spline finite element approximation to u on a mesh with maximum element size h. Éléments De La Théorie Des Fonctions Elliptiques, Volume 2 (French Edition) [Tannery, Jules, Molk, Jules, Hermite, Charles] on Amazon. 6 Tangent Stiffness Matrix; 6. It is the energy of the circle of life. The comfile run by this example is as follows: #Example_242 Geometric fitting using optimisation of cubic Hermite elements fem #sets the environment to FEM fem define node;r;2doptifitting;example #Read in the initial mesh nodes fem define base;r;;example #Define a cubic Hermite basis function fem define element;r;;example #Define the elements fem define data;r;;example #Define the data point. The transverse displacement for these elements is a cubic Hermite shape function expressed in the nodal displacements and rotations. Wyspy Hermite – grupa wysp, należących do Chile. The simplest element in that family is the two-node Hermite line element with two DOF per node. \endgroup - David Ketcheson Nov 5 '12 at 5:11 \begingroup @Medan: Cubic hermite splines do not need the solution of a large linear system. Need to implement Gaussian quadrature to evaluate element matrices, which involves integrating a constitutive matrix transformed to a shape function basis. In textbooks of quantum physics this is said to represent the wave function of a particle, and there called a wavelet or wave packet. Hermite matrix polynomials taking advantage of those recently treated in [1, 2]. 9Kb) Downloads: 2029. If c is a 1-D array, then p(x) will have the same shape as x. A coupled cubic hermite finite element/boundary element procedure for electrocardiographic problems. Craig Burnside Anita T. Problem is, that its behave really bad. spanned by the first scaled Hermite polynomials (14) (15) where. Approximate Moving Least-Squares Approximation for Time-Dependent PDEs Gregory E. Hermite interpolation. David Gómez-Ullate 1,2, Yves Grandati 3 and Robert Milson 4. Finite Element Method. The geometry is one quarter of an annulus. Also we show that the Hermite spline inter- polation converges to a given sufficiently smooth function f if the data values are obtained from this f. Hematite forms in the shape of crystals through the rhombohedral lattice system, and it has the same crystal structure as ilmenite and corundum. An equivalent formulation of the fact that Hermite polynomials are an orthogonal basis for L2(R, w(x) dx) consists in introducing Hermite functions (see below), and in saying that the Hermite functions are an orthonormal basis for L2(R). The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch ® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The HERMITE function uses elementary row operations to reduce a matrix to Hermite normal form. Consider for CST case. We find that value function iteration with Hermite approximation improves accuracy by one to three digits using little extra. In regular domains, the numerical solutions are tested against the available on and two-dimensional analytical solutions. If tensor is true the shape will be c. ___hermiteForm(A,var) assumes that the elements of A are univariate polynomials in the specified variable var. Rekatsinas. 1D HERMITE ELEMENTS FOR C1-CONTINUOUS SOLUTIONS IN SECOND GRADIENT ELASTICITY ChristianLiebold∗, WolfgangH. In one-dimension, the C 1 NEM interpolant is identical to cubic Hermite finite elements. The discrete velocity satisfies a flow equation that does not involve pressure. While the Hermite cubics and piecewise linears both yield O(h2) convergence if u doesn't have more than two derivatives, the Hermite cubics will not be as efficient as the piecewise linears in achieving this accuracy. A Hermite Spline Layerwise Time Domain Spectral Finite Element for Guided Wave Prediction in Laminated Composite and Sandwich Plates C. polynomials is used to construct the list of orthogonal polynomial objects. (1989) Collocation on irregular domains with adaptive hermite element family for transport problems. 4 for the Gauss–Hermite functions is a generalization of the algorithm 5 in the survey of Gaussian convolution algorithms by Getreuer. Let Si be the vertices of T, i = 1,···,N + 1, and G its barycenter. Hermite's differential equation. Two-dimensional B-spline and standard FEM have been compared. We employ the finite element method with a new set of Hermite interpolation polynomials derived recently by us using group theoretic considerations. The finite element method for beams using structural engineering. If one input argument is a scalar and the other one is a vector or a matrix, then hermiteH expands the scalar into a vector or matrix of the same size as the other argument with all. Our approach of calculating fields in a variational for-mulation, using Hermite polynomials in the finite element method (HFEM), yields bet-ter accuracy by several orders of magnitude than comparable applications of the so-called edge-based vector finite element method (VFEM). This thesis develops an immersed finite element (IFE) space for numerical simulations arising from beam design with multiple. Using the above polynomials and the weak form of the beam equation, the elemental equation. This has practical implications for grid generation as a single grid with minimal overlap can be used independent of order, reducing the complexity of the grid generation step. 1 Hermite Cubic Shape Functions; 6. Each function differs in how it computes the slopes of the interpolant, leading to different behaviors when the underlying data has flat areas or undulations. The Hermite polynomial can be defined by the contour integral. Matrix decomposition algorithms (MDAs) employing fast Fourier transforms are developed for the solution of the systems of linear algebraic equations arising when the finite element Galerkin method with piecewise Hermite bicubics is used to solve Poisson's equation on the unit square. \endgroup - David Ketcheson Nov 5 '12 at 5:11 \begingroup @Medan: Cubic hermite splines do not need the solution of a large linear system. 2 Lien avec les éléments finis de Lagrange. cubic Hermite —Guarantees that the first derivative of the cubic interpolating polynomials is continuous and sets the derivative at the endpoints to certain values in order to preserve the original shape and monotonicity of the Y data. ISSN 1025-5834. It is known in dimensions 1–8 and 24. Article The skeletal muscle and fat layers are modeled with bicubic Hermite linear elements and are obtained by joining the adjacent surface elements for each layer. is introduced in lth element in such a way that as x varies from xl to xl+1, u varies from 0 to 1, as shown in Figure 2. If c is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the value of tensor. The required relations are also given as Shankar's equations 7. The difficulties involved in devising explicit C1 shape functions for isoparametric elements are thus avoided, and the resulting elements have all the benefits of full C1 continuity, the simplicity of the Bogner–Fox–Schmit. If one input argument is a scalar and the other one is a vector or a matrix, then hermiteH expands the scalar into a vector or matrix of the. Multi-element generalized polynomial chaos (ME-gPC) method. The geometry is one quarter of an annulus. hermeval In either case, either x or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with themselves and with the elements of c. The complete cubic Lagrange and Hermite triangular elements in two dimensions are modified by using collocation at the centroid. Keywords: wavelets on the interval, Hermite cubic splines, numerical solutions of differential equations. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. If c is a 1-D array, then p(x) will have the same shape as x. Even/Odd Functions: Whether a Hermite Polynomial is an even or odd function depends on its degree. 24 grudnia 1822, zm. hermiteForm returns the Hermite normal form of a nonsingular integer square matrix A as an upper triangular matrix H, such that H j j ≥ 0 and − H j j 2 < H i j ≤ H j j 2 for j > i. If one input argument is a scalar and the other one is a vector or a matrix, then hermiteH expands the scalar into a vector or matrix of the. This is a sonnet, which celebrates the beauty of a dark-skinned Moorish (North African) slave-girl. It actually forces the beam in to specific modes. Shape function - Hermite elements. Special polynomials: Laguerre, Hermite, Legendre, Tchebycheff and Gegenbauer are obtained through well-known linear algebra methods based on Sturm-Liouville theory. However, the standard. Examination of Eulerian and Lagrangian Coordinate Systems. 1D HERMITE ELEMENTS FOR C1-CONTINUOUS SOLUTIONS IN SECOND GRADIENT ELASTICITY ChristianLiebold∗, WolfgangH. You can use the input argument var in any of the previous syntaxes. If c is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the value of tensor. [email protected] The same goes for the abstract part of variational approximations. If c is of length n + 1 , this function returns the value: The parameter x is converted to an array only if it is a tuple or a list, otherwise it is treated as a scalar. The first element (xi) coordinate runs radially and the second circumferentially. 1 For Hinged-Hinged; 8 Selective Reduced Integration. Applied Mathematical Sciences, 7(34), 1663-1673, 2013. Optical mode converter for converting fundamental laser mode (TEM00) to a higher order of Hermite-Gaussian beams using Diffractive Optics. Hermite(A, x) mod p computes the Hermite Normal Form (reduced row echelon form) of an m by n rectangular matrix of univariate polynomials in x over the integers modulo p. After a long road of working with Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials and Chebyshev-Hermite functions, we could not resist adding a section entirely to the remarkable Fourier transform of Hermite functions. Need to implement Gaussian quadrature to evaluate element matrices, which involves integrating a constitutive matrix transformed to a shape function basis. Or more accurately, shape function is a quasi-interpolation method. In this paper we use cubic Hermite elements to represent hepatic structures that are digitised from a computed tomography angiography (CTA) image. See also the related category greek. shape[1:] + x. • Therefore and. Fast, simple, and non-blocking client-side Javascript image resizer. Les L'Hermite du Solier représentent la branche aînée de la famille tandis que leurs cadets, ayant pris parti contre les Armagnacs, ont suivi les ducs de Bourgogne aux Pays-Bas en créant les branches de Caumont et de Bétissart [B 5]. EML6352 Advanced FEM Homework 4 Problem: A single 2-node Hermite beam element is used to model a cantilever beam as we did in Homework. Cubic Hermite Serendipity Geom. We perform a compariosn of the mode formation using DOEs designed by the kinoform method and the fractional coding technique, when the DOEs are illumi-. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch ® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. We can also find these matrix elements using the recursion relations and orthogonality of Hermite polynomials. In either case, either x or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with themselves and with the elements of c. If A does not contain var, then hermiteForm(A) and hermiteForm(A,var) return different results. 2) as FHEM, and the only difference lies in the GCV function evaluation and optimization, where FHEM uses the strategies proposed in 3. 2 Exemples 2-D triangulaires 3. Hermite infinite elements are proposed to extend the applicability of these finite elements to unbounded regions. In summary the outlined method is a. Wang, Tzin Shaun. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. It is the energy of the circle of life. Since kw1 vanishes on the boundary of the triangle, (2. Keywords: Continuously Differentiable Finite Elements; Bogner-Fox-Schmit Rectangle; Triangular Hermite Element. Hermite Curves Hermite curves are a foundation of interactive curve design. Omitted here for the present. The original PC was first proposed by Wiener [31]. The Hermite elements are H2(Ω) conforming and among the simplest elements to conform with H2(Ω). Euler-Bernoulli Beam Finite Element Forces and their interrelationships at a point in the beam + M V q(x) V M • c f x q(x) F0 L z, w M0 • • z y Beam crosssection cf Definitions of Stress Resultants M = Z A z ·σxx dA, V = Z A σxz dA Equilibrium Equations − dV dx +cfw = q, dM dx −V =0 →− d2M dx2 +cfw = q Kinematic Relations u(x. If c is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the value of tensor. The function hermite. \begingroup the middle is the average value, which is less than the mean value but is greater than the function at its mean input (I think). The polynomials arise in: probability, such as the Edgeworth series; in combinatorics, as an example of an Appell sequence, obeying the umbral calculus; in n. These polynomials are the Hermite polynomials, called after Charles Hermite , a brilliant French mathematician (see figure 4. It is used in combination with the Bogner-Fox-Schmit element near the boundary of an arbitrary polygonal domain and provides continuous differentiability of an approximate solution in the whole domain up to the boundary. We've seen generating functions in the context of the. 4 Load Vector; 6. Università di Napoli Federico II. You can use the input argument var in any of the previous syntaxes. Hermite(A, x) mod p computes the Hermite Normal Form (reduced row echelon form) of an m by n rectangular matrix of univariate polynomials in x over the integers modulo p. Let \_x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x and let Vx~\ denote the least integer greater than or equal to x. The elements of the eigenvectors obtained correspond to each mentioned polynomial. To understand life, people, events and situations, no matter who or how many are involved, always requires us to look within for the answers to the questions we ask. If A contains other variables, hermiteForm treats those variables as symbolic parameters. For the Euler-Bernoulli beam the Hermite interpolation was used which has the nodal deflections and slopes as degrees-of-freedom The equivalent 2D element is the Adini-Clough quadrilateral (1961) Degrees-of-freedom are the nodal deflections and slopes Interpolation with a polynomial with 12 (=3x4) constants. The new rebirth Astromon, Hunter, has five element types. 200+ Vectors, Stock Photos & PSD files. • We must impose constraint equations (match function and its derivative at two data points). Wang, Tzin Shaun. We introduce new Hermite style and Bernstein style geometric decompositions of the cubic serendipity finite element spaces S 3 (I 2) and S 3 (I 3), as defined in the recent work of Arnold and Awanou [Found. Geometry and reference system of a circular array of N elements. Hermite infinite elements are proposed to extend the applicability of these finite elements to unbounded regions. Hermite interpolation. Interpolation supports a Method option. For is a non-negative integer, i. , , the solutions of Hermite's Differential Equation are often referred to as Hermite Polynomials. The same goes for the abstract part of variational approximations. ThesisFinalVersion. Unusually transparent with a brilliant sparkle, they manifest pure, solid Light and are powerful amplifiers of spiritual energy. Calcium is used to produce the minerals contained in bones, shells and teeth through a process called biomineralisation. The basic idea is again to consider the zero dimensional ideal I ⊂ R[ x 1,,x n], and an associated basis of the quotient ring B = {α 1,,xα m}, where the elements of B are standard monomials. 1993-10-15 00:00:00 Quadratic B‐spline finite elements are defined for a graded mesh. At least one input argument must be a scalar or both arguments must be vectors or matrices of the same size. Local construction and linear complexity. We compare contemporary practices of global approximation using cubic B-splines in conjunction with double multiplicity of inner knots (-continuous) with older ideas of utilizing local Hermite interpolation of third degree. You can use the input argument var in any of the previous syntaxes. denotes a matrix with mrows and ncolumns, whose typical element is a ij. an interval \([a,b] \in \mathbb{R}$$) and $$w(x)$$ is a fixed weight function. 1988 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. a special system of polynomials of successively increasing degree. The skeletal muscle and fat layers are modeled with bicubic Hermite linear elements and are obtained by joining the adjacent surface elements for each layer. Hermite Number: In mathematics, Hermite numbers are values of Hermite Polynomials at zero arguments. This work addresses techniques to solve convection-diffusion problems based on Hermite interpolation. Hermite quadrature can be more accurate than Gauss-Hermite for the Bayesian application in one dimension. Hermite normal form of a matrix of integers and its unimod-ular multiplier. @article{osti_22250989, title = {Hermite polynomials and quasi-classical asymptotics}, author = {Ali, S. 2) ku−u hk L ∞ ≤ Ch 4ku(4)k L ∞, (5. Use the code above to compare Hermite and Lagrange interpolation, both over the entire interval from Xlist[1] to Xlist[n] and also near one of the interior points like Xlist[2]. 1 Introduction. If c is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the value of tensor. The numerical results thus. The result shows that the solutions of the finite element method using cubic Hermite interpolation is good enough in solving Sturm Liouville equation. Integrating Feynman-Kac equations using Hermite quintic finite elements Methods are given for numerically solving a generalized version of the Feynman-Kac partial differential equation. 8 based on 150 Reviews "Best brewery around Victoriaville ,. A Hermite WENO-based Limiter for Discontinuous Galerkin Method on Unstructured Grids Hong Luo∗ and Joseph D. They aretherefore neededto examinewhat boundary conditions can be set. PhD thesis, KFUPM. ; Gardner, G. Hermite elements are crucial because they allow for two boundary conditions to be set. Va ser professor a l' Escola Politècnica de París i membre de l' Acadèmia de les Ciències Francesa. For square matrices this normal form is upper-triangular and idempotent. Page 30 F Cirak Beam is represented as a (disjoint) collection of finite elements On each element displacements and the test function are interpolated using shape functions and the corresponding nodal values Number of nodes per element Shape function of node K Nodal values of displacements Nodal values of test functions To obtain the FE equations the preceding interpolation equations are. This work addresses techniques to solve convection-diffusion problems based on Hermite interpolation. Since A is Hermitian, we have A H = A = T. Introduction. As for a set of variant triangular elements for two-dimensional problems we refer to [6]. ___hermiteForm(A,var) assumes that the elements of A are univariate polynomials in the specified variable var. h be the Hermite cubic spline finite element approximation to u on a mesh with maximum element size h. The simplest element in that family is the two-node Hermite line element with two DOF per node. 13 Cubic Polynomial Form • Degree 3 appears to be a useful compromise. If c is a 1-D array, then p(x) will have the same shape as x. The function hermite. The finite element model gives a stiffer beam. Then a block circulant preconditioner is presented. The conditions for existence are the same as in Lemma 2. Shape function - Hermite elements. Hermite Number: In mathematics, Hermite numbers are values of Hermite Polynomials at zero arguments. The use of B-spline functions in flnite element analysis has been studied for advantages and disadvantages. If c is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the value of tensor. 0 4 Replies. The original PC was first proposed by Wiener [31]. Simple proof and refinement of Hermite-Hadamard inequality. I'm trying to find a way to convert a hemite spline to a bezier spline. 1 Introduction. On , interpolating and at the end nodes , the cubic Hermite expansion has the form: where the Hermite basis functions satisfy the interpolation properties at end nodes , : for local nodal indices and. Øygruppa er oppkalla etter den franske admiralen Jacques l'Hermite (1528. Special polynomials: Laguerre, Hermite, Legendre, Tchebycheff and Gegenbauer are obtained through well-known linear algebra methods based on Sturm-Liouville theory. Numerical results are presented to show the utility of the fast method. We extend to the case of these equations a Hermite finite element method providing flux continuity across inter-element boundaries, shown to be a well-adapted tool for simulating pure diffusion phenomena (cf. tors involving elements of the stabilizer ring to produce explicit formulas for all di erence operators having any of the Hermite exceptional orthogonal poly-nomials as eigenfunctions with eigenvalues that are polynomials in x. The use of B-spline functions in flnite element analysis has been studied for advantages and disadvantages. Interpolation supports a Method option. HERMITE(matrix) where matrix is a numeric matrix or literal. Thus, the Hermite polynomial has either even terms or odd terms, but not mixed. Therefore, notationally replace 11 by v, where {vi = vlj = 2, ,. Source Codes in Fortran90 , a FORTRAN90 code which computes the inverse of a matrix whose elements are subject to modulo arithmetic, by Roger Payne. 0 4 Replies. The skeletal muscle and fat layers are modeled with bicubic Hermite linear elements and are obtained by joining the adjacent surface elements for each layer. Definition 5. Remillard, Wilfred J. These functions all perform different forms of piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation. It's just in order to calculate the value of the Hermite polynomial at a given point we calculate it for all the polynomials up to n=37 iteratively, and store the results in the global array. Originally Answered: What is a Shape Function in FEM? as Shivam Kumar said, shape function is just an interpolation method. Hermite Element in General form PDE Posted Nov 29, 2016, 4:23 PM EST Modeling Tools, Parameters, Variables, & Functions Version 5. The solution is expressed as a linear combination of piece-wise Hermite quintic polynomials. It employs the Hermite polynomials in terms of Gaussian random variables as the trial basis to expand stochastic processes in the random space. It starts with the definition of the general Hermite-Pade approximation. 3 Fonctions de base globales 3 Exemples 3. You can use the input argument var in any of the previous syntaxes. Examination of Eulerian and Lagrangian Coordinate Systems. Next, it is necessary to assume a displacement approximation so we can evaluate the potential energy in Eq. My problem is the Hermite Cubic Finite Element Space doesn't approximate $\sin(2 \pi x)$ very well using this method; the approximation wiggles a lot. The polynomials arise in: probability, such as the Edgeworth series; in combinatorics, as an example of an Appell sequence, obeying the umbral calculus; in n. Itisclosed under the addition and linear scaling of its elements. For integral transform of Hermite polynomials, see Hermite transform. , Mathematics, East China Normal University, China, 2001 M. Note, the rst subscript locates the row in which the typical element lies while the second subscript locates the column. Jako pierwszy dowiódł, że liczba e jest liczbą przestępną. Therefore, they sometimes are called Chebyshev--Hermite polynomials. Send article to Kindle. Denote basename with u, and let x and y denote (not necessarily distinct) names of space coordinates. If P(x) is evaluated at x = xk, all the products except the kth are zero. A sequence of orthogonal polynomials is determined. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 58, 203-210, 2013. It is shown that the proposed higher order Hermite enriched contact finite elements attain better performance when compared with earlier introduced enriched elements. Hermite-Rodriguez functions of some order. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 58, 203-210, 2013. 3 Fonctions de base globales 3 Exemples 3. These splines are useful for real-time signal processing and, in particular, real-time wavelet and frame transforms. Australia Abstract A Gaussian filter using the Hermite orthonormal series of functions is developed. Introduction. 2) yield inter-element continuity of the basis functions in the same way as do the classical elements. Regardless of the dimension of the element used, we have to bear in mind that Shape Functions need to satisfy the following constraints: • in node. To understand life, people, events and situations, no matter who or how many are involved, always requires us to look within for the answers to the questions we ask. We employ the finite element method with a new set of Hermite interpolation polynomials derived recently by us using group theoretic considerations. std::hermite( unsigned int n, data_type x ) Parameters: The function accepts two mandatory parameters which are described below: n : Degree of Polynomial; x : Value of x to be put in the function. • Therefore and. There is also the following paper on isoparametric Hermite elements (for quadrilaterals). Convergence, C1-continuity and the size effect in the numerical solution is shown. Further, each off-diagonal element of CK is nonpositive and strictly less in absolute value than the diagonal element in its row. Francois Guinot. The second is a "reduced " solution obtained representing the field variables inside an element using some of the degrees of freedom of the Hermite element together with Lagrangian shape functions. Hermite elements. Tristrem V Hermite or Sir Tristan V Ermite. The resulting element is a complete cubic with only nine free parameters. Urzhumov Gary A. The Bogner-Fox-Schmit rectangular element is one of the simplest elements that provide continuous differentiability of an approximate solution in the framework of the finite element method. Finite Element Analysis of Structures Using -Continuous Cubic B-Splines or Equivalent Hermite Elements. , a FORTRAN90 code which defines Hermite product polynomials, creating a. These are called hermite polynomials and the elements formulated using these are called Hermite Elements. Charles Hermite (ur. Also, smoother elements such as Argyris may be used to discretize H1, although this is less common in practice. On the line, n=0, the element eww can also be regarded as that cubic element whose slope is 1 at 'w' and zero at 'e', and eww can be used in the construction of a basis for Hermite interpolation. On the other hand, the use of two degrees of freedom per node implies a greater flexibility of the Galerkin method, so that it is fairly easy to link cubic Hermite elements with other special types, for instance, singular ones near sharp edges (Ströer [26,29]) or others in the vicinity of symmetry planes. 10 Hermite element matrices To introduce our finite elements we select a series of line segments to make up the region L. The most powerful types are Light, which has a 50% chance to shock enemies for 2 turns, and Dark, which has a 70% chance to shock enemies for one turn. Further, each off-diagonal element of CK is nonpositive and strictly less in absolute value than the diagonal element in its row. If A contains other variables, hermiteForm treats those variables as symbolic parameters. All curve design is concerned with the creation of smooth curves based on a small number of user-controlled parameters. We describe some Hermite stream function and velocity finite elements and a divergence‐free finite element method for the computation of incompressible flow. If tensor is true the shape will be c. In the present paper, we document a recently developed code using bicu- The problem of axisymmetric MHD equilib-bic Hermite elements. As for a set of variant triangular elements for two-dimensional problems we refer to [6]. Two-dimensional B-spline and standard FEM have been compared. 0 but they are implemented in version 4. Section 3, gen- terms of pervious elements of the set, Tk(x;A). La méthode des éléments finis fait partie des outils de mathématiques appliquées. , 1996) compared with linear solution spaces, and give rise to continuous currents between elements in. We propose a new triangular Hermite element with 13 degrees of freedom. Introduction In this paper we shall construct wavelet bases of Hermite cubic splines on the in-terval. Hermitian Matrix (or self-adjoint matrix), a matrix coincident with its adjoint, that is, a matrix such that aik= āki, where ā is the complex conjugate of the number a. Since kw1 vanishes on the boundary of the triangle, (2. 5 Newton-Raphson Solution; 6. The Hermite polynomials are set of orthogonal polynomials over the domain with weighting function, illustrated above for , 2, 3, and 4. 382 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. " That is, given a number k of distinct points in [R. Page 30 F Cirak Beam is represented as a (disjoint) collection of finite elements On each element displacements and the test function are interpolated using shape functions and the corresponding nodal values Number of nodes per element Shape function of node K Nodal values of displacements Nodal values of test functions To obtain the FE equations the preceding interpolation equations are. Craig Burnside Anita T. Müller Berlin University of Technology, Chair of Continuum Mechanics and Materials Theory, Einsteinufer 5, 10587 Berlin, Germany ∗ correspondingauthor: christian. , approximately preserving parabolic phase profiles) and the paraxial approximation is satisfied. Convergence, C1-continuity and the size effect in the numerical solution is shown. In this article, we deal with the problem of "Minimal Hermite Interpolation. Hermite(A, x) mod p computes the Hermite Normal Form (reduced row echelon form) of an m by n rectangular matrix of univariate polynomials in x over the integers modulo p. And either the odd-series or the even-series are converge, as the ratio. Hermit matrix means that: Elements of this complex valued but not necessarily all of them can be complex valued complex found valuable items, it's complicated we take away the conjugate transpose matrix of time equal to itself, We will now see already now an example, we say Hermit. Hermite elements were not implemented in version 4. 3 C1 Hermite Finite Elements nite element mesh will look like a nite di erence mesh. Comment/Request Gauss-Chebyshev 2nd, Gauss-Laguerre, Gauss-Hermite, Gauss-Jacobi, Gauss-Lobatto and Gauss-Kronrod). tors involving elements of the stabilizer ring to produce explicit formulas for all di erence operators having any of the Hermite exceptional orthogonal poly-nomials as eigenfunctions with eigenvalues that are polynomials in x. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch ® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. It is used in combination with the Bogner-Fox-Schmit element near the boundary of an arbitrary polygonal domain and provides continuous differentiability of an approximate solution in the whole domain up to the boundary. e-mail: [email protected] Introduction. Interpolation of geometric data (points, tangent planes, normal curvature forms). This thesis is concerned with the existence, behaviour and performance of the quadratic Hermite-Pade approximation. a special system of polynomials of successively increasing degree. First, one- and two-dimensional Lagrange and Hermite interpolation (shape) functions are introduced, and systematic approaches to generating these types of elements are discussed with many examples. For example, consider the following data set. The generation of Hermite (or Hermitian) polynomials is described in many mathematical books [27–29] and works have been presented providing a systematic approach to allow simpler coding (see Augarde [30]). stackexchange or Math. If the first derivatives of the function are known as well as the function value at each of the node points , i. The original PC was first proposed by Wiener [31]. the first eleven physicists' Hermite polynomials are:. The skeletal muscle and fat layers are modeled with bicubic Hermite linear elements and are obtained by joining the adjacent surface elements for each layer. PhD thesis, KFUPM. Fast, simple, and non-blocking client-side Javascript image resizer. 9Kb) Downloads: 2029. For n = 2, the Hermite constant is written as: γ 2 =2/√3. Please login with a confirmed email address before reporting spam Hi, I am using COMSOL 4. La méthode des éléments finis fait partie des outils de mathématiques appliquées. Chirikjian, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—In this paper, we propose an approach for the accu-. If one input argument is a scalar and the other one is a vector or a matrix, then hermiteH expands the scalar into a vector or matrix of the. Rational extensions of the quantum harmonic oscillator and exceptional Hermite polynomials. The data should consist of the desired function value and derivative at each. In this paper we use cubic Hermite elements to represent hepatic structures that are digitised from a computed tomography angiography (CTA) image. 9, SEPTEMBER 2009 Accurate Image Rotation Using Hermite Expansions Wooram Park, Student Member, IEEE, Gregory Leibon, Daniel N. Pittman, Isoparametric hermite elements, Int. In FEM books, Hermite interpolation functions are directly written in terms of Lagrange interpolation functions. Recommend this article FDC, JCA and their logos are trademarks owned by the Element d. Comment/Request In addition to the numerical values, analytical solutions would be nice to have. In either case, either x or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with themselves and with the elements of c. Possible settings include "Spline" for spline interpolation and "Hermite" for Hermite interpolation. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Hermit matrix means that: Elements of this complex valued but not necessarily all of them can be complex valued complex found valuable items, it's complicated we take away the conjugate transpose matrix of time equal to itself, We will now see already now an example, we say Hermit. The solution is expressed as a linear combination of piece-wise Hermite quintic polynomials. Since each is a poly-nomialofdegree , isavectorspaceofdegree. Hermite Element in General form PDE Posted Nov 29, 2016, 4:23 PM EST Modeling Tools, Parameters, Variables, & Functions Version 5. In either case, either x or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with themselves and with the elements of c. This deserves to be presented to encourage the reader to learn more about the incredible field of Fourier analysis. The desirable C1 continuity is achieved for the piecewise quadratic Hermite element that is required for the numerical solution of the Galerkin weak form of Euler-Bernoulli beam. Jako pierwszy dowiódł, że liczba e jest liczbą przestępną. Hermite-øyane (spansk: Islas Hermite) er ei chilensk øygruppe som ligg heilt sør i øygruppa Eldlandet. "the eremitic element in the life of. 【通常作单数】某事物的少量，某事物的启示或痕迹；自然的或合适的环境或栖息地 3. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Since A is Hermitian, we have A H = A = T. In this paper, new natural element approximations are proposed, in order to address issues associated with incompressibility as well as to increase the accuracy in the Natural Element Method (NEM). , 1996) and electrophysiology (Arthurs et al. Piecewise linear interpolation • Same format as all other interpolants • Function diff finds difference of elements in a vector • Find appropriate sub-interval •Evaluate • Jargon: x is called a “knot” for the linear spline interpolant function v = piecelin(x,y,u) %PIECELIN Piecewise linear interpolation. First, a variational formulation of the equation is used to obtain a Weierstrass-Erdmann-type coupling relation valid at all points in the domain, singular and nonsingular. Finite Element Analysis of Structures Using -Continuous Cubic B-Splines or Equivalent Hermite Elements Figure 4 Example 2 : convergence diagram of the first six calculated eigenvalues. Interpretarea combinatorică a coeficienților [ modificare | modificare sursă] In the Hermite polynomial Hn ( x) of variance 1, the absolute value of the coefficient of xk is the number of (unordered) partitions of an n -member set into k singletons and ( n − k )/2 (unordered) pairs. hermiteH acts element-wise on nonscalar inputs. The splines interpolate points, the corresponding tangent planes and normal curvature forms at domain vertices and approximate tangent planes at midpoints of domain edges. 200+ Vectors, Stock Photos & PSD files. We extend to the case of these equations a Hermite finite element method providing flux continuity across inter-element boundaries, shown to be a well-adapted tool for simulating pure diffusion phenomena (cf. , 1996) compared with linear solution spaces, and give rise to continuous currents between elements in. For question 2, the unit tangent vector is P (t)/||P (t)||, where ||. A Hermite Subdivision Scheme for Smooth Macro-Elements on the Powell-Sabin-12 Split GeorgMuntingh,SINTEF,Oslo JointworkwithTomLycheandNellyVillamizar. Argomenti trattati: Funzioni di miscelamento, Metodo di Hermite. As documented by the original author, anything more than 2 workers slows down resizing as combining the data takes time. Euler-Bernoulli Beam Finite Element Forces and their interrelationships at a point in the beam + M V Finite Element Approximation of w w(x) ≈we h(x)=ce 1 +c e 2x+c e 3x 2 +ce 4x 3 as the Hermite family of interpolation functions,. Understanding of the basic properties of the Euler−Bernoullibeam problem and ability to derive the basic formulations related to the problem B. ___hermiteForm(A,var) assumes that the elements of A are univariate polynomials in the specified variable var. , 127 (2014), 515-537. Some important properties ofthis. A Hermite WENO-based Limiter for Discontinuous Galerkin Method on Unstructured Grids Hong Luo∗ and Joseph D. , 1996) compared with linear solution spaces, and give rise to continuous currents between elements in. Furthermore, cubic Hermite and other high-order solution spaces have convergence advantages in finite element simulations of ventricular biomechanics (Costa et al. Simple proof and refinement of Hermite-Hadamard inequality. The vector x specifies the points at which the data y is given. First, a variational formulation of the equation is used to obtain a Weierstrass-Erdmann-type coupling relation valid at all points in the domain, singular and nonsingular. Ie, boundary conditions for the beam element, they are v(X=0)=v1 v,x(X=0)=theta1 v(X=L)=v2 v,x(X=L)=theta2 ,where L is the length of the beam element. At first glance, it seems that the vector 2(P1-P0) – T is not at all tangent to the curve at P1. In summary the outlined method is a. Given a positive integer n, the task is to print the nth Hermite number. The transverse displacement for these elements is a cubic Hermite shape function expressed in the nodal displacements and rotations. We extend to the case of these equations a Hermite finite element method providing flux continuity across inter-element boundaries, shown to be a well-adapted tool for simulating pure diffusion phenomena (cf. For the Euler-Bernoulli beam the Hermite interpolation was used which has the nodal deflections and slopes as degrees-of-freedom The equivalent 2D element is the Adini-Clough quadrilateral (1961) Degrees-of-freedom are the nodal deflections and slopes Interpolation with a polynomial with 12 (=3x4) constants. They define a cubic polynomial in one-dimensional space. We introduce new Hermite style and Bernstein style geometric decompositions of the cubic serendipity finite element spaces S 3 (I 2) and S 3 (I 3), as defined in the recent work of Arnold and Awanou [Found. The data should consist of the desired function value and derivative at each. These two element types will be used when examining the stability of the simplified k-ǫ.
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http://www.gradesaver.com/textbooks/science/chemistry/chemistry-a-molecular-approach-3rd-edition/chapter-1-sections-1-1-1-8-exercises-problems-by-topic-page-39/66
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## Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (3rd Edition)
$$Density = 4.49g/cm^{3}$$
Since, we are told to find the answer in $g/cm^{3}$, we must first convert our units. 1 kg = 1000 g 1.41kg = 1410 g 1 L = $1000 cm^{3}$ 0.314 L= $314cm^{3}$ Now we can use the Density formula, to calculate the answer: $$D=\frac{m}{v}$$ $$D=\frac{1410g}{314 cm}$$ $$D=4.49g/cm^{3}$$
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Showing results 1 to 25 of 1000 Search took 0.42 seconds. Search: Posts Made By: Batalov
Forum: Miscellaneous Math 2021-05-07, 01:13 Replies: 61 Views: 9,575 Posted By Batalov The other contributions of the same author are... The other contributions of the same author are equally earth-shattering! Division by zero is finally "solved"!
2021-05-05, 00:05 Replies: 54 Sticky: Primo reservation thread Views: 18,039 Posted By Batalov It doesn't take 2 years to Primo such a small... It doesn't take 2 years to Primo such a small number. Any news? I will queue to run Phi(70842,10) at 23613 digits. And Phi(47468,10) at 23732 digits
2021-05-04, 19:25 Replies: 54 Sticky: Primo reservation thread Views: 18,039 Posted By Batalov Asuncion & Allombert did the fib(130021)... Asuncion & Allombert did the fib(130021) (https://primes.utm.edu/primes/page.php?id=132290) proof, but it remains to be seen if it was some other ECPP or even a hybrid proof. They are folks widely...
Forum: Lounge 2021-05-04, 19:01 Replies: 40 Views: 2,656 Posted By Batalov [$]5 \over 4[/$] is the most pleasant meter ever.... [$]5 \over 4[/$] is the most pleasant meter ever. take five! Lalo Schifrin's Mission Impossible theme 15 Steps by Radiohead many more every Tool song has it, but quickly changes to...
Forum: Hardware 2021-05-04, 00:12 Replies: 70 Views: 2,229 Posted By Batalov Meh! But Can It Run Crysis? Meh! But Can It Run Crysis?
Forum: NFS@Home 2021-05-02, 00:18 Replies: 37 Views: 5,543 Posted By Batalov L(2250) I looked at the poly chosen for L(2250), and while it is not terrible (monic at least; probably made with phi or by some LLL() calls), but with a bit of rotation I think it could have been made...
Forum: NFS@Home 2021-04-30, 22:26 Replies: 37 Views: 5,543 Posted By Batalov "you got me at hello" :rolleyes: "you got me at hello" :rolleyes:
Forum: Miscellaneous Math 2021-04-28, 05:00 Replies: 19 Views: 551 Posted By Batalov Dave Koz puts up an even better show. It is... Dave Koz puts up an even better show. It is priceless when you watch the first time (wait for the 2nd verse) - lVXziMFEqX0
Forum: Hardware 2021-04-28, 00:33 Replies: 77 Views: 8,904 Posted By Batalov I am sure some Uni will welcome very much a... I am sure some Uni will welcome very much a generous donation that would allow funding such a BSc/MSc project. Of course, you can try Verilog design in a garage. The software will cost more than...
Forum: Miscellaneous Math 2021-04-28, 00:24 Replies: 19 Views: 551 Posted By Batalov aLnZ1NQm2uk aLnZ1NQm2uk
2021-04-27, 23:21 Replies: 32 Views: 1,509 Posted By Batalov ... and Frobenuis, too! Yes. Several... ... and Frobenuis, too! Yes. Several trifectas obtained. (a = 3, 7, 11 and 17.)
Forum: Aliquot Sequences 2021-04-27, 19:09 Replies: 3,455 Views: 324,806 Posted By Batalov Take 2371536 Take 2371536
2021-04-26, 23:17 Replies: 7 Views: 238 Posted By Batalov It is easy. It is ... [$]k * e^\gamma * log_2... It is easy. It is ... [$]k * e^\gamma * log_2 {y}[/\$], where k is a koefficient
Forum: Aliquot Sequences 2021-04-26, 16:36 Replies: 3,455 Views: 324,806 Posted By Batalov Take 2536326 Take 2536326
Forum: Software 2021-04-25, 23:19 Replies: 2 Views: 164 Posted By Batalov I gather that they mean something like this -... I gather that they mean something like this - https://mersenneforum.org/showthread.php?t=21252 a prime number inside a decimal write-out of another prime.
2021-04-24, 20:40 Replies: 4 Views: 236 Posted By Batalov But the ensuing discussion can also be a gift.... But the ensuing discussion can also be a gift. :rolleyes:
Forum: Aliquot Sequences 2021-04-24, 20:35 Replies: 3,455 Views: 324,806 Posted By Batalov Take 1459854 Take 1459854
Forum: Miscellaneous Math 2021-04-23, 04:29 Replies: 24 Views: 599 Posted By Batalov "the first 100 billion numbers." Let me repeat... "the first 100 billion numbers." Let me repeat so it sinks in. "the first 100 billion numbers. " That is a very small number in 2021. Try harder. ... To even begin being taken seriously by...
Forum: Linux 2021-04-23, 04:26 Replies: 14 Views: 302 Posted By Batalov disown -a is just as good as not forgetting to... disown -a is just as good as not forgetting to add nohup some short time ago. "just do it" (as often as you want) and you will be golden.
2021-04-21, 16:18 Replies: 32 Views: 1,509 Posted By Batalov True, but we might hit some other 9th root of... True, but we might hit some other 9th root of unity. (we can then rule the false positive out, of course, with subsequent traditional tests; no false negatives should result). Worth trying;...
2021-04-21, 15:33 Replies: 32 Views: 1,509 Posted By Batalov I'll have to doublecheck in the source, but as... I'll have to doublecheck in the source, but as far as I remember the code does the honest modular exponentiation of b^(N-1) using (in this case) mod (10^p-1) and then converts to giants and does a...
2021-04-21, 15:25 Replies: 32 Views: 1,509 Posted By Batalov We finished 3-PRP, 7-PRP, 11-PRP, 13-PRP (and... We finished 3-PRP, 7-PRP, 11-PRP, 13-PRP (and their SPRP chasers are still running, the Lucas+Frobenius test phases -- they are ~10x slower even on 32 threads).
2021-04-21, 05:35 Replies: 32 Views: 1,509 Posted By Batalov It is almost the same, but operationally... It is almost the same, but operationally speaking, running single jobs is cleaner with LLR2. (Prime95 stays running forever after worktodo.txt is spent/empty, and needs to be killed, or source...
2021-04-21, 01:12 Replies: 32 Views: 1,509 Posted By Batalov Kurt's site ascertains that region below 4300447... Kurt's site ascertains that region below 4300447 is finished. We have not double-checked that region. We will check all eligible candidates in range 4,300,447 < p < 10,000,000 (or maybe less, --...
Forum: Riesel Prime Search 2021-04-20, 21:52 Replies: 243 Views: 41,667 Posted By Batalov DRUG is PRP 2nd top now :wink: Sorry, Paul, the top is now retaken (https://mersenneforum.org/showthread.php?t=26719)
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• #### Search for Lorentz invariance breaking with a likelihood fit of the PKS 2155-304 flare data taken on MJD 53944
(Elsevier Science, 2011)
Several models of Quantum Gravity predict Lorentz Symmetry breaking at energy scales approaching the Planck scale (∼1019 GeV). With present photon data from the observations of distant astrophysical sources, it is possible ...
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http://clearcalculus.okstate.edu/labs/calculus-3-labs/10-calculus-3-labs/101-lab-1-dirac-s-belt-trick
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# CLEAR Calculus
## Lab 1: Dirac's belt trick
Carry out the following experiment:
Attach a belt to the back of a chair (or other upright object). Twist the belt through 2 full turns.
The problem now is to untwist the belt without rotating the end of the belt (the pencil) or moving the chair.
Try the same experiment with more or less than 2 full turns.
The mathematical object that captures the above behavior is called
the space of all rotations in 3-dimensions.
We now try to picture this object. A rotation in 3-dimensions is determined by two pieces of information: the axis about which to rotate and an angle through which we rotate. For example, rotate $$30^\circ$$ about the vertical axis. (We need to pick a "sense" through which to rotate. Here, we choose a "right-hand" rule.) Consider a single die oriented in 3-space as shown below:
1. In the following four pictures the die has been rotated about some axis by some angle. For each picture, draw the axis of rotation through the die and indicate the angle of rotation.
What you have done is identify exactly which rotation in "the space of all rotations in 3-dimensions" moved the die from the orientation in the original picture to each of those above.
2. Draw a die which has been moved from its original orientation as given at the beinning of Question 1 through each of the following rotations:
1. angle: $$\pi/2$$ axis: coming straight out of the face with 2 dots
2. angle: $$\pi/2$$ axis: coming straight out of the face with 3 dots
3. angle: $$\pi$$ axis: coming straight out of the edge between the 2 and 3
4. angle: $$\pi$$ axis: going straight into the the edge between the 2 and 3
Are rotations c and d really different?
3. Now we construct an actual picture of "the space of all rotations in 3-dimensions":
Consider a solid ball of radius $$\pi$$. Think of the center point as "zero rotation" or the rotation of 3-space by zero angle (through any axis).
Any other rotation will also be represented by a point in this solid ball. Specifically, a rotation through an angle $$\theta$$ about an axis $$L$$ will be represented by a point a distance $$\theta$$ out from the center along the axis $$L$$.
Locate a point in the solid ball that corresponds to each of the eight rotations from Questions 1 and 2.
Do some of these rotations correspond to more than one point in the ball?
Notice that a rotation through $$\pi$$ ($$180^\circ$$) about $$L$$ has the same outcome as a rotation through $$\pi$$ about the axis pointing in the opposite direction to $$L$$:
Therefore in our picture, we need to consider a point on the surface of the ball (at distance $$\pi$$ from the center) along an axis $$L$$ as the same rotation which is represented by the point on the opposite side of the surface (the antipodal point).
We are led to conclude that "the space of all rotations in 3-dimensions" can be pictured as a solid ball with antipodal points on the boundary identified as the same rotation. Every rotation is represented by a point on this ball, and every point represents a rotation.
With the above picture in mind, we can now explain the Dirac belt:
When we have rotated the belt through 2 turns, the belt contains a graphical illustration of a path through our picture. The path makes two "laps" through the space: beginning at the center, travelling out to point "a," back to the center, out to point "b" then back to the center again.
The sequence of moves which dissolves the rotations while keeping $$0$$ and $$4\pi$$ fixed is shown below. Here, we only show the disk where
all of the action is:
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https://ham.stackexchange.com/questions/9074/lightning-protection-by-disconnect/9076
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# Lightning protection by disconnect
Currently I am evaluating options for my antenna's in regards to lightning protection.
My setup is a physical disconnect of all my antennas using an outside "patch panel". So every time I power up my station, I have to go outside and physically connect the antenna feeds to a patch panel which brings the feed inside.
Theoretically this is probably the best protection, however it is getting a bit of a nuisance. So I am looking at alternatives. [emphasis added, due to comments]
One of the obvious choices would be a lightning protector, there are various models and types, and there is plenty of information available.
However I have found an Antenna Disconnect product which seems to be a good fit as well.
The link provided is only an example, there are others. Or even "home brew" circuitry which can be found by searching using a search engine.
My question: what would be the theoretical disadvantages of such a disconnect system ?
[edit 1] I am not in a high-risk strike area, however we do have 2-3 lightning storms annually. Direct strikes have not occurred in a 10-km radius for the last 10-years (which is obviously not a guarantee that they can not occur)
[edit 2] I am aware of electrical code.
• so, what does your external disconnect look like? You unplug some BNC connectors? – Marcus Müller Aug 17 '17 at 13:01
• @MarcusMüller : PL259 on the cables, SO239 on the patch panel, cables are grounded when not in use... about 2m from the patch panel. I unground the cables, move them to patch panel, and connect them. Patch panel is grounded per electrical code (single point of entry). Does that answer your question ? – Edwin van Mierlo Aug 17 '17 at 13:04
• yes, indeed :) Well, it'll be darn near impossible to top that level of separation :) at least not a prices below commercial lightning arrestors – Marcus Müller Aug 17 '17 at 13:06
• I'd say it is not much better than a good DC blocked lightning arrestor. This gadget still depends strongly on a well designed grounding, bonding and LPZ system. A strike will jump over the insulation and the 20 kA will lift up the radio side of the device to some kV. Then unless your shack is well bonded to the same earth, and has no other unprotected wires entering the LPZ, some of this will run down the coax and blow your radio or computer. – tomnexus Aug 17 '17 at 20:27
• "Patch panel is grounded per electrical code (single point of entry)" Does that single point include the ground for your electrical power? Or are your radios plugged into the wall as usual? – Phil Frost - W8II Aug 18 '17 at 0:37
what would be the theoretical disadvantages of such a disconnect system?
Firstly, keep in mind that antennas don't cause lightning damage: grounds do. It's not clear from your description if your patch panel is grounded at the same point as your electrical service or not.
If it's not, you have two separate grounds. This doesn't comply with the NEC, and it increases the risk of lightning damage since lowest impedance path from one ground (electrical service entry) to the other (patch panel) involves going through your equipment. See How can I protect equipment against a lightning strike? and an excellent example from W8JI where a strike on a tree 20 feet away arced back out of the ground to travel down a beverage antenna which was grounded on the far end.
Assuming you have a good single point ground, the purpose of the disconnect, surge protector, or any other device you might put at that point is not to handle the surge current, but rather to keep all the conductors at about the same voltage. Lightning is common-mode, so fortunately most of that energy will be flowing on the shield, leaving whatever protection device you choose with a relatively small amount of energy to deal with.
Just any method of disconnecting may not be effective: the voltages involved may still be high enough to arc across gaps. They are certainly high enough to blow past any solid state devices. W8JI recommends a double-make double-break relay, with the reasoning being that any arcs will most likely go to ground. He does not use coaxial surge protectors, and has never had a radio damaged.
Commercial installations operate continuously and don't disconnect the antennas. Most use a DC block surge protector like the Polyphaser IS-50 series. I don't have any relay control system so I use this approach. My first one I bought new, but I recently decided used units are probably fine too. Used they go for about $25 USD, which is about as much as I'd expect to pay for a disconnect device or the parts to build one. I like that there's no chance of forgetting to disconnect something. Both these systems work, which I think shows that it's not the protectors or the disconnects, but rather the ground system that makes it work. • Thanks for this answer. Just to answer a question, my setup would be similar to the "Better but not Perfect" picture as shown here – Edwin van Mierlo Aug 18 '17 at 7:15 NEC Article 810 has all the answers you need. Here is a great overview from Mike Holt: http://www.mikeholt.com/download.php?file=PDF/Radio_and_Television_2014NEC.pdf Article 810 covers outdoor TV, Satellite, and Amateur Radio antennas. • Thank you for posting, but this does not answer my question. I am aware of electrical codes, not necessarily the one you linked, as I am not US based. While I am following electrical code, my question was about the theoretical disadvantages of an (electrically controlled) disconnect system. – Edwin van Mierlo Aug 17 '17 at 12:03 • Ahh ok, I apologize. I did not know you were not in the US. The big disadvantage is finding a switch that would successfully protect against a realistic surge voltage caused by lightning. You can consider an airgap to have an impulse withstand of about 1kv per 1.5mm of airgap. Many protection switches have physical barriers between the contacts to increase the air distance between them. These kinds of switches will be somewhat expensive, but it's a balance of cost and convenience. Polyphasers on the antenna side are good, but ensuring adequate clearance is also a must. – user2104506 Aug 17 '17 at 12:09 There is not much that is better than "PHYSICAL SEPARATION" of feed-line from the station. What you're already doing is the best bang for the buck, ANY kind of a switch CAN "ARC OVER" with a very close or direct strike (I would trust "POLYPHASER" devices before I would trust the switch you linked to). If you are in a lightning prone or "HIGH STRIKE" area, I would not change what you're doing now nor would I trust any kind of switch or PolyPhaser alone to protect your station (I can do a lot of walking for$100). 73
• why would you trust Poly-Phasers before this particual (or any such) switch ? If arcing is a concern then surely a Poly Phaser can be arced over as well ? – Edwin van Mierlo Aug 17 '17 at 11:49
• I have seen first hand direct hit's where the polly's have done their job and protected the station,,,and I have also seen these switches fail and become a block of melted junk under the same conditions. – W9WLS Aug 17 '17 at 12:39
This handy item at least makes the disconection easier: https://wr9r.com/product/antenna-disconnect/
• Welcome to Amateur Radio Stack Exchange! Here, answers should be informative by themselves, not just links — see How do I write a good answer?. Please expand your answer to describe (and/or picture) the function of the device, and explain it in the context of the question which was about the merits of disconnection, not just how to implement it. – Kevin Reid AG6YO Aug 24 at 19:03
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http://www.ck12.org/arithmetic/Decimal-Addition/rwa/Check-Your-Shopping-Charges/
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<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="1; url=/nojavascript/"> Decimal Addition ( Real World ) | Arithmetic | CK-12 Foundation
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Best Score
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Shopping can be fun, but the more you buy, the more you need to keep an eye on what you spend. Not only is it complicated to count and remember numbers in dollars and cents, but it’s also too easy to forget those numbers, especially when you want to focus on more shopping.
#### Amazing But True
If you look at a list of prices, you will find that the cents vary over all the numbers from 0 to 99—no higher than 99 because 100 cents is another dollar. This fact allows us to round prices to the nearest dollar for easier addition, a method that gets us quite close to the correct answer.
Rounding means that if the cents in a charge are less than 50 cents, we round them “down” to 0; for example, a charge of $12.30 rounds down to$12. If the cents in the charge are equal to or greater than 50 cents, we round them “up” to the next dollar; for example, a charge of $12.80 rounds up to$13. Now all the charges in our list to add up are in dollars—much easier to manage!
Here is an example of how to round your shopping list:
• $25.17 – Because 17 cents is less than 50, round the charge down to$25
• $14.87 – Because 87 cents is more than 50, round the charge up to$15.
• $23.12 – Rounds down to$23.
• $16.72 – Rounds up to$17.
Check it! $\25 + \15 + \23 + \17 = \80$.
Now try adding the exact charges. $\25.17 + \14.87 + \23.12 + \16.72 = \79.88$.
Using rounding, the total is only off by 12 cents, and the calculation is much faster to do in your head.
As the cashier is adding up your charges, you can use rounding to check whether she entered the correct numbers. If the total you obtain is more than $1-2 off the total she calculated, it might be worth asking her to double check! #### Explore More The prices of Charlene’s purchases are as follows: •$12.24
• $7.30 •$ 4.89
• $22.50 •$12.34
Round each of the charges and find the total cost of Charlene’s purchases without a calculator.
# Reviews
Email Verified
Well done! You've successfully verified the email address .
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http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofwayneco00good/historyofwayneco00good_djvu.txt
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# Full text of "History of Wayne County [Pa.]"
## See other formats
Oass
HISTORY
OF
.lYNE COUNTY,
1^
BY PHINEAS Cx. GOODRICH
OF BETHANY, PENN.
HONESDALE, PENN.:
HAINES ct BEARDSLEY.
1880.
Entered according tx) Act ot Congi-ess. in tlie year l&stt, by
PHINEA.'^ G. GOODKICn,
[n the Olliw of the Librarian of C^ongi'ess. Washington, D. C.
/^ lO^P"^
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Woodward's Commencement.
Act of Legislature Establishing Wayne County — Original
Boundaries — Population in 1800 — Milford and Wilsonville,
the First Seats of Justice — Permanent Location of the
Courts at Bethany and Erection of the First County Build-
ings — Attempts to Change the Location Abortive — The
People Refuse to Comply with Legislative Enactment —
First County Commissioners — Beginning of Official Mis-
deeds and Delinquencies — Sacredness of Public Trusts —
A Depleted Treasury — Investigating County Finances —
An Era of Progress and Prosperity — Navigating the Dela-
ware — How Sui)plies were Procured — Division of the
County 1 .
CHAPTER II.
The Indians.
Wronged and Abused by Invaders — The Tribes that Inhabited
Wayne County — The Chai-ter Granted to W^illiam Penn —
A Treaty that was Never Broken — No Quaker Blood Ever
Shed by an Indian — How the Boundaries of Penn's Prov-
ince were Determined — Dissatisfaction of the Indians —
Wars and Massacres — The Great Council at Easton —
Peace Concluded — Indian Plot to Annihilate the Whites
— Mountains and Valleys Crimsoned with Blood and Car-
nage — Bounties Offered for Indian Scalj^s — The Red Men
Alarmed and Plead for Peace — Final Purchase of their
iv CONTENTS.
Lands — Charter Granted to Connecticut — Disjjuted Titles
— Misguided Indian Revenge — Final Settlement of Diffi-
culties — Description of the Indians and their Mode of Life
—Their Belief in a Future State— The Tribes almost Ex-
tinct 12
CHAPTER III.
Wayne County.
After Whom it was Named — Its Geology, Climate, and For-
ests 32.
CHAPTER lY.
The Animals that Once Roamed the County's Forests — Anec-
dotes about the Bear — Description of the Bear, Wolf,
Panther, Deer, Elk, Beaver, Marten, Raccoon, Wood-
chuck, Hedgehog, Skunk, Otter, Musk-Rat, Mink, Wea-
sel, Squirrel, Wild-Cat, Fox, Hare, and Rabbit 42.
CHAPTER V.
Birds.
The Birds of the Past and Present — A Description of their
Plumage and Peculiarities — Why they Rear their Young
at the North — The Dyberry Taxidermist 62.
CHAPTER YI.
Fish.
The Trout — Other Fish — Introduction of Black Bass by Mc-
Kown 91.
CHAPTER YII.
RePTIIjES.
The Rattlesnake — The Whiskey Antidote for its Bite — Unven-
omous Reptiles 94
CONTJ^JNTS. V
OHAPTEE VIII.
Insects.
Those that Abound m the County — Honey-Bees — How they
were Kept by the First Settlers — Their Wisdom 95.
CHAPTEK IX.
Land-Titles and Subveys.
The Penn Family Accused of Being Adherents of the British
Government — Confiscation of Estates — The Land- Office —
Early Prices of Unimproved Land — Laws in Regard to
State Lands — Unprofitable Investments — Jason Torrey,
Agent for the Sale of Lands in "Wayne and Pike Counties
— Subsequent Agents — Inaccuracy of the Original Sur-
veys — Present Declination of the Needle — Land- Warrants
— How they were Granted — County Surveyor — "Cham-
ber Surveys. " 97.
CHAPTER X.
Judiciary.
The First Judges — President Judges — Associate Judges — Sher-
iffs — Prothonotaries — Registers and Recorders 108.
CHAPTER XI.
Townships — Damascus.
Damascus — Its Early Settlement— The Minisinks — First Set-
tlers — First Attempt to Run Logs to Market on the Dela-
ware a Failure — Perseverance and Ingenuity Rewarded
with Success — The First Raft that Successfully Descended
the River — Settlers Attacked by the Indians —The Mur-
der of Kane and his Family — The Whites Flee from their
Homes — Subsequent Attacks by Marauding Whites — Bit-
ter Dissensions about Titles of Lands — Effect of the Wyo-
ming Massacre — Battle of Minisink — Gen. Sullivan's Ex-
pedition into the Indian Country — Return of the Settlers
to their Homes and the Reign of Peace — Brief Sketches;of
the Early Settlers — The Hamlets of Branningville, Darby-
town, Damascus, Milan ville, and Tyler Hill llV.
vi CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XII.
Townships — Lebanon.
Its Lands, Streams, aud Ponds — First Settlements — Sliields-
boro' — Incidents of Pioneer Life — Sketches of the Early
Settlers — Agriculture their Chief Pursuit and Depend-
ence 140.
CHAPTER Xni.
Townships — PALaiYKA.
Taken Prisoner by the Indians — An Ingenious Escape — Jones,
and not Haines, the Murderer of Can ope — First Improve-
ments — Sketches of the Pioneers — Strange Curiosities —
Com23letion of the Delaware & Hudson Canal — The Penn-
sylvania Company's Gravity Railroad — The Failure of a
Great Project — Falls of the Wallenpaupack — A Water-
power of Immense Magnitude — A Mammoth Pine — Schools
and Churches 156.
CHAPTER XIV.
Townships — Paupack.
When Erected — Silas Purdy, Sen., the First Settler — Names
and Sketches of the Early Residents — "The Shades of
Death " — A Touching Incident 165.
CHAPTER XT.
Townships — Canaan.
One of the Original Townships — Its Soil and Productions —
The Easton and Belmont, and Milford and Owego Turn-
pikes—Great Thoroughfares in their Day— The First Fam-
ilies that Settled in the Township — A Sketch by Asa Stan-
ton — Mrs. Frisbie — Her Interpretation of the Command,
"Thou Shalt not Kill "—Merciful to all of God's Creatures
— The Borough of Waymart 170.
CHAPTER XVI.
Townships — Mount Pleasant.
The Smtzerland of Northern Pennsylvania — A Paradise in
CONTENTS. V
Summer, and a Siberia in Winter— Streams and Ponds-
Former Great Thoroughfares— The First Settler— Fir.
Public House— Sketches of the First Settlers— Their Hart
ships and Struggles to Procure Food and Raiment— Lcs
Children— The Meredith Family— The First Treasurer ( ■
the United States— His Place of Interment Unmarkcvl-
An Aged Lady— Standing Sentinel for Her Husband lu-
ing the Revolution— Poetry by Asa Stanton, Entitle.)
'♦ The Golden Age of Mount Pleasant. " l<Si
CHAPTER XVII.
Townships — Buckingham.
Streams and Lakes — The Township Assessment in 1806 — Sui
uel Preston, Sen., the First Settler — Stockport — He..
Merchandise was Conveyed up the Delaware — Durha ,
Boats— Wayne County's First Associate Judge — The Pre
ton. Knight, and Dillon Families 21
CHAPTER XVIIL
Townships — Manchesteb.
Its Original Name — A Box of Maple Sugar Sent to Georj^^
Washington — His Letter of Acknowledgment — A Coi ;
pany Formed to Manufacture Maple Sugar and Pei
Ashes — Streams and Ponds — Early Residents — Matthi
Mogridge — His Eventful Life— He Fights Gen. Jacks*
at New Orleans — Accompanies Napoleon to St. Helena
A Visit to His Native Country, and His Call on Hora
Greeley — The Village of Equinunk 21;
CHAPTER XIX.
TowT^SHiPs — Scott.
Streams and Lakelets — The Soil and its Productions — Sh«
man— Names of the Early Settlers— The North-East C<
ner of Pennsylvania 2/
CHAPTER XX.
Townships — Preston.
Named in Honor of Judge Preston — N oted for its Numero
:iiji CONTENTS.
I Lakes and Ponds — Destined to be an Important Bntter-
j Making District — Early Settlers — A Sketch of Pioneer
\ Life, and Some Interesting Anecdotes, by C. P, Tallman
^ — Starrncca Borough 289,
CHAPTER XXI.
I Townships — Salem.
When Erected — Division of the Township and Erection of
Lake — Names and Sketches of the First Settlers — Battles
with the Indians — The Author of Wood bridge's Geogra-
phy — The Township's Hamlets, Churches, and Schools —
The First Postmaster and the First Store — The Time
when only Two Newspapers were Taken in the Township
— The News of the Battle of Waterloo Four Months in
Reaching the Beech Woods 260
CHAPTER XXII.
Townships — Steeling and Drehek.
The Lands— The First Settler—Resident Taxables at the Time
of the Town's Formation — The First Grist-Mill and Saw-
Mill — Sketches of the Original Settlers — Mingled Nation-
alities — Peaceful, Law- Abiding People — New Township —
Named in Honor of Judge Dreher 279.
CHAPTER XXIII.
Townships — Cheery Ridge.
Settlement Commenced before the Organization of the County
—The Assessment of 1799— Sketches of the First Settlers
— Origin of the Township's Name 286.
CHAPTER XXIV.
Townships — Dyberry.
Formed from Palmyra, Canaan, and Damascus — Sketches of
the First Settlers — The First County Commissioner Elec-
ted by the People — The Hamlets of Dyberry and Tanners
Falls— Establishment of a Glass-Factory 292.
CONTENTS. ix
CHAPTEE XXV.
Borough of Bethany.
The Coimty Seat — Land Deeded to the Comity by Henry
Drinker — Convening of the First Court — The First Conrt-
House and Jail — Imprisonment for Debt — The First
Dwelling and First Public House — Growth of the Bor-
ough — A Noted Surveyor— By Whom the First House
was Built in Honesdale — Sketches of the Early Besidents
— An Impartial Judge — The First Newspaper Published
in Wayne County— The Birth-place of *'Ned Buntline"
—Removal of the County-Seat — The Old Court-House
Converted into a University — Churches and Societies —
Alonzo Collins' Poetic Description of the Place 303.
CHAPTER XXVI.
Townships — Clinton.
When Erected— Jefferson Railroad— Sketch by Alva W. Norton
— Early Settlers — Aldenville — Churches and Schools . . 322.
CHAPTER XXVII.
Borough of Prompton.
When Incorporated — First Settlers — Taxables — Schools . . 330.
CHAPTER XXVin.
Townships — Berlin.
When Erected — The First Assessment and First Taxables —
Transportation and Travel between Honesdale and the Erie
Railroad — Sketches of Noted Settlers — Beech Pond — Tan-
ning and Lumbering — Honesdale and Texas Poor 332.
CHAPTER XXIX.
Townships — Oregon.
When Erected — Streams and Ponds — The Adams Family —
Probable Origin of the Name — Early Events — Girdland —
First Land Taken up by Jason Torrey 338.
CHAPTER XXX.
Townships — Texas.
When Erected — White Mills — Dorfiinger's Celebrated Glass-
X CONTENTS.
Works — Indian Orchard— Leonardsville— Tracy ville— First
Grist-mill — Honesdale Glass Company — White's Ax Fac-
tory — Seelyville — Rev. Jonathan Seely — The First Settler
— First House and First Koad — Sket<;li of R. L. Seely —
Other Settlers —Manufactures — Election Districts 342.
CHAPTER XXXI.
BoBOUGH OF Honesdale.
First Clearing — Attempts at Coal Transportation — Construc-
tion of the D. & H. Canal — Gravity Railroad — Opening of
the Canal — Original and Present Shipments of Coal — After
whom Honesdale was Named — Wlien Incorporated — When
Made the County Seat — Honesdale Bank — Hawley and
Honesdale Branch of the Erie Railway — First Beginners
in Honesdale — The First Locomotive in America — First
Settlers and First Merchants — A Noted Tavern Keeper —
Surviving Old Settlers — Past and Present Physicians —
Postmasters — Christian Denominations — The Hebrews —
D. & H. Canal Company — The Soldiers' Monument — The
County's Soldier-Dead — Foster's Tannery — Members of
Wayne County Bar— Manufactures and Industries— Schools
and their Principals — Court-Houses — Newspapers. . . .354:.
CHAPTER XXXII.
Palmyka, Pike County.
First Settlers — Troubles with the Indians and Tories — Battle
of Wyoming — Fleeing of the Settlers — Their Return. .381.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
MiSCELI/ANEOUS.
Life in the Log-Cabins — School-Houses and Schools — The
First Church Organized in the County — Religious Denom-
ination s — Manufactures — Agriculture- -Pennsylvania Coal
Company — Population of the County 387.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Pike County.
The County Seat— Milford— Noted Men— The Route over
which the Early Pioneers * * Columbused " their Way to
Wyoming Valley — Conclusion 406.
PREFACE.
In the year 1873, Hon. Geo. W. Woodward an-
nounced his purpose to write a history of Wayne
county, and came hither to gather up materials
for his work. Being a native of the county, reared
and educated therein, and acquainted with many of
the original settlers, also, having been a member of
the conventions that framed the Constitutions of the
State in 1838 and 1873, and a member of Congress,
and judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, his
position, legal attainments, and extensive knowledge
peculiarly fitted him to write a popular history of his
native county. In the summer of 1874 he told me
that the task of compiling his history would take more
written only a few pages, but that he intended to have
year. I never saw him afterwards, altliough I contin-
ued, at his request, to collect materials for his proposed
xii PREFACE.
work. He sailed for Europe, from Philadelphia,
October 22d, 1874, and died at Kome, May 10th,
1875, of pneumonia, complicated with Roman fever.
Some months after the death of the Judge, his son,
Hon. Stanley Woodward, of Wilkesbarre, generously
returned to me all the manuscripts and material that
I had collected for the construction of his father's his-
tory. He had written eleven pages. How large a
book he designed to write, and in what manner he
would have arranged its contents, I know not. He
strongly assured me of his wish that in case he should
be unable to iinish his work, that I should undertake
such a history needed? If it contained nothing but
the truth, would it be valuable and interesting?
Whatever the answers may be to these questions, it
must be conceded that an important part of our knowl-
edge is derived from historv. Therefrom we learn the
rise and progress of our country through darkness and
sunshine, war and peace, to its present eminence
among the nations of the earth. We respect and ad-
mire the Hebrew people who, although scattered
abroad among all civilized nations, have preserved a
history which, throughout Christendom, is believed to
be commensurate with the morning of the world.
Almost every important county in Pennsylvania has
PREFACE. xiii
published a history of its early settlement, tlie nation-
ality of its people, their struggles, privations, and
peculiar modes of living. Should the economy, indus-
try, honesty, and self-denial of the primitive settlers
be practiced for ten years to come, by all our inhabi-
tants, the complaint of hard times would be heard no
more in the land. There was little diversity in the
hard experience of the pioneer settlers of Northern
Pennsylvania. Many of them had been soldiers in the
Revolutionary war, or were the children of those who
had been impoverished thereby. Is there nothing in
the history of such a people worthy of preservation ?
** Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,
Their homely Joys, and destiny obscure ;
Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smile,
The short and simple annals of the poor,"
Judge Woodward regretted that he had not begun
at an earlier day to collect materials for his history,
which might have been obtained from the old settlers
themselv^es. But those old settlers are now all gone,
and but very few of their children survive. If their
history is ever written it must be done soon. Already
some of it is fragmentary and uncertain ; but such as
it is, I have concluded, after much hesitation, to pre-
sent what I have collected ; not for fame, but as a
tribute of respect to the people of my native county.
My main object will be to preserve a history of the
xiv PREFACE.
primitive settlers, and of events which occurred in
early times, not neglecting to give a cursory exhibit of
the progress of the connty from its erection to the
present time.
As Pike county was formerly a part of Wayne,
some of its history is so intermingled witli ours, that
it cannot, with propriety, be separated from it. The
history of Palmyra in Pike county is so full of inter-
est, and has been so well preserved, that I cannot fore-
go the pleasure of giving it in detail, much of which
I learned from the settlers themselves.
Those wlio have furnished sketches about the early
settlers of their townships, will please accept tlie
thanks of the writer. Want of space has forced me
to condense their contributions, but the pith of them
has been retained.
P. G. GOODRICH.
Bethany, Wayne County, Pa.,
June, 1880.
EREATA ET CORRIGENDA.
Page 13, 26tli line from the top of the page, "twenty-six mil-
" 33, Uth line from the top, "pots in which the glass is
melted," should read arches of their furnaces.
" 107, in running title, "Judiciary," should read Land-
Titles and Sm'veys.
" 155, in running title, " Palmyra," should read Lebanon.
" 204, 7th line, after " another," read Stephen J. Par-
tridge, father of James and William Partridge, of
Mount Pleasant, also, married a daughter of James
Bigelow.
" 267, 5th line, after "age," read They have four sons
living, adding to those mentioned the name of Alva
Mitchell.
" 276, 17th line from top, "Asa Johnson," should read
Asa Jones.
" 292, 6th line from the bottom, "Sand pond," should
" 300, 13th line from top, after "Dwight Henshaw," read
and the wife of W. B. Arnold,
GOODEICH'g
HISTORY OF WAYNE CODHTY.
CHAPTER I.
WOODWARD'S COMMENCEMENT.
rpHE territory which constitutes the counties of Wayne
-^ and Pike, in the State of Pennsylvania, was set
off from the county of Northampton, in pursuance
of an act of Legislature, passed on the 21st of March,
1798. "All that part of Northampton county," said
the act, "lying, and being to the northward of a line
to be drawn, and beginning at the west end of George
MichaeFs farm, on the river Delaware, in Middle
Smithfield township, and from thence a straight line
to the mouth of Trout Creek, on the Lehigh, adjoin-
ing Luzerne county, shall be and the same is hereby
erected into a county henceforth to be called Wayne."
This line of excision separated from Northampton not
only the territory of the present counties of Wayne
and Pike, but also two townships, subsequently taken
from Pike and incorporated with other townships of
Northampton, to form the present county of Monroe.
The original boundaries of Wayne county w^ere, there-
1
2 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
fore, the northern line of the state on tlie north, the
Dehiware river on the east, Northampton (now Mon-
roe) on the sonth, and Luzerne and Susquelianna coun-
ties on the west. The area of the county was 1,492
square miles, and the population in 1800 only 2,562,
an average of less than two persons to the square mile.
A handful of people, scarcely more than an ordi-
narv town-meetinf? in modern times, scattered over so
large a space of rugged territory, destitute of roads,
mills, and other conveniences of civilization, must have
found it very ditticult to maintain the necessary expen-
ses of a county organization, and excessively incon-
venient to attend the courts and places of election.
The act of '98 established the courts in the house of
Greorge Buchanan, in the town of JVlilford, as a tempo-
rary arrangement. The 10th section of the act (3rd
Smith's Laws, p. 318) appointed Daniel Stroud, Abm.
Ham, John Mahallen, Samuel 0. Seely, and Samuel
Stanton, of Northampton and Wayne, a board of trus-
tees for the latter county, and empowered them to fix
on the most eligible spot for the seat of justice in and
for the said county, to purchase or take and receive
any quantity of land wdthin said county and to survey
and lay out the same in town and outlots, and to sell
as many of said lots at auction as they should think
proper, and with the money arising from said sales
and other moneys to be duly levied and collected as
taxes, to pay for the lands they should purchase, and
to build a court-house and jail on such of the town
lots as they should require for that purpose.
The 11th section empowered the county commission-
ers who should be elected at the next annual election ,
to take the title to such lot as the trustees should se-
lect for the court house and jail, and to assess the
necessary taxes for erecting said buildings, "not to
exceed two thousand dollars."
WOODWAIiD'^S COMMENCEMENT. 3
The location of the county seat must have greatly
agitated this sparse population scattered along the
valleys of the principal streams, for the next year,
1799, the Legislature removed the courts from Mil-
ford to Wilson ville, until suitable buildings should
be erected, '' within four miles of the Dyberry forks
of the Lackawaxen river." This was the Legislative
mode of describing the junction, at what is now^ Hones-
dale, of the North and West branches of the Lacka-
w^axen.
But Wilsonville, a small manufacturing village at
the falls of the Wallenpaupack, a few miles above the
point at which that stream empties into the Lacka-
waxen, was found not to be satisfactory, even as a
temporary location of the courts, for, on the 5 th of
April, 1802, the Legislature remanded them back to
Milford for " three years and no longer."
Meanwhile, the trustees, under the organizing act
of '98, accepted from tienry Drinker, Esq., of Phila-
delphia, a large land proprietor in Wayne county, a
conveyance, upon a nominal consideration, of a tract of
999 acres of land in trust for the county of Wayne,
to be laid out in town and outlots, and to convey to
the county commissioners such of said lots as they
shall fix on for the purpose of erecting a court-house,
jail, and ofiices for the safe-keeping of the records.
This deed, made the 30th of August, 1800, was a
compliance with the act of 1799, for the land it con-
veyed was within fom* miles of the Dyberry forks.
The trustees had the land surveyed into lots, and
on the 2d of January, 1802, conv^eyed to the county
commissioners the lots necessary for a public square
and county buildings, and sold at public auction 241
lots, at prices ranging from a few cents to twenty-seven
dollars eacli, the proceeds amounting in the aggregate
to $2,735.97. The remaining lots and outlots, 183 in 4 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY. number, were then conveyed to the county commis- sioners, who continued to sell from time to time, until they were fdl disposed of, at an aggregate of$1,524.66,
making a total of the proceeds of the Drinker grant
$4,260.63. Besides this sum there was the land that forms the beautiful square in Bethany and the site of the public buildings, and sev^eral lots given to the town for church and school purposes. It was in this manner Bethany became the county seat of Wayne. A frame court-house and a log jail were erected upon the pul)lic square and the court was removed there from Milford,in 1805. But no sooner was the seat of justice establislied at Bethany than the inhabitants of the lower end of the county began to complain of the hardship of going so far to attend courts and consult the records. The valleys of the Delaware and of the Wallenpaupack contained almost the entire population of the lower half of the county. The reo;ion Ivino; between these rivers and called " The Barrens " to this day, was, at that time, an utter wilder- ness. But along the Delaware and the Wallenpau- pack were narrow but fertile valleys whi(?]i invited a hardy and industrious population of farmers and lum- bermen. It was quite natural that these people should complain of the distance they had to travel over bad roads to the seat of justice, and, accordingly, they pre- vailed upon the Legislature to pass an act of the 19tli of March, 1810, (5th S. L., p. 125) authorizing the Governor to appoint commissioners to fix a place for the county seat at or within five miles of tlie territo- rial center of the county. The preamble to this act is in these words: ''Whereas, it appears to the Legisla- ture that those inhabitants of Wayne county who live near tlie line of Northampton county, along the river Delaware, below Milford, are sul)jected to very great hardships in their attendance on courts and other pub- WOODWAED'S COMMENCEMENT. 5 lie business at Betliany, on account of the great dis- tance and the uninhabitable region over which they are obliged to travel : and, whereas, it also appears that Bethany is situated many miles to the north of the territorial center of Wayne county, and that by a re- moval of the seat of justice to a place at or near the center, the inhabitants first above mentioned would gain some relief, whilst the inliabitants of the upper townships would not suffer any material disadvantage by such removal ; " therefore it was enacted that the Governor should appoint three disinterested commis- sioners " to fix on a place for the seat of justice at or within five miles of the territorial center of said county," witli power as to laying out and selling lots similar to those conferred upon the trustees by the act of '98. The commissioners appointed under this act reported on the 21st of August, 1810, that they had fixed on a place known as Blooming Grove, now within the limits of Pike county and called Nyce's Farm. The county commissioners refused to levy the necessary taxes for the erection of public buildings at Blooming Grove and they set forth their reasons in a paper that was drawn with great ability. After co- gent statements for believing that the Legislature meant that the public buildings should be principally paid for by grants of land rather than by taxation of a people already heavily oppressed, the county com- missioners said in conclusion : " but while the county is annually subjected to a heavy tax without being able to discharge its just and necessary expenditures ; while after the most vigorous exertions in collecting taxes there remain many orders on the Treasury unpaid, while the poor juror and laborer is compelled from his necessities to sell his hard-earned county orders to some speculator at a discount of from twelve to twen- 6 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. ty-five per cent., while the traveler is put in jeopardy by the failure of bridges which the county wants the necessary funds to repair; and while with their best efforts and strictest economy, the commissioners are able but gradually to retrieve the credit of the county, they cannot consider that there are any existing cir- cumstances or advantages to the county which would result from forcing a fund for the purpose of erecting public buildings at Blooming Grove which would bear any comparative weight in counterbalancing the evils which would necessarily follow a pursuit of the meas- ure." And then followed a formal resolution not to tax the people for this purpose. ReiJrarded as resistance to an act of Assemblv this was a bold step, but the poverty of the people pleaded so strongly in favor of the stand assumed by the com- missioners that all parties acquiesced in it, or at least no appeal was made to the courts to compel obedi- ence to the behests of the Legislature. The names of the lirst county commissioners were Eliphalet Kellogg, Johannes Yan Etten, and John Carson. John Brink was the iirst county treasurer. On the 26th of December, 1799, Jason Torrey and John H. Schenck presented to the court the hrst aud- itors' report of the iinances of the county, in wliich they noticed and excused some irregularities on the part of the accounting otticers, but, on the whole, com- mended their measures as reflecting credit upon them- selves and the county. On the 11th of December, 1800, Jason Torrey was reappointed auditor in connec- tion with James Eldred and Martin Overfield,but their report submitted at the February terili of court, 1801, was less complimentary to the county commissioners and their clerk than that of the previous year. The commissioners were charged with selling bridges with- out prescribing the manner in which the work should woodwabd'jS commencement. 7 be done nor when they should be completed — with paymg for them in full without exHmination and be- fore there was any pretence of their completion — with paying their clerk upwards of$200 for a year's service
while there w^ere persons in the county w^ho would
perform the duties for half the money — w^ith allowing
one of their number (Mr. Carson) to go to Philadel-
phia and advertise in three daily papers for three
months that he was there to receive taxes on unseated
lands, and receiving a considerable amount without
accounting for them to the auditors, and with various
other irregularities. This report was not finally tiled
imtil the 14th of September, 1801, when Major Torrey
appended to it a note partially exonerating Mr. Car-
son and clerk Kellogg from the charges preferred in
the text of the report.
The irregularities so justly censured by the auditors
show that even in this infant county, of slender re-
sources and small finances, official delinquencies and
misdeeds had begun which in after times and in other
counties, if not in Wayne, have grown into enormous
abuses. Official infidelity to public trusts is a crying
evil of our times. And it is not peculiar to any peri-
od or place. It has come down to us in regular suc-
cession from an antiquity much beyond the origin of
our counties or even our State, and it grows apace,
l)oth in the State and nation. When and from whence
is the corrective to come ? Only from a better moral
education of the masses. When schools, the press,
and the pulpit shall impress the rising generation with
the sacredness of pul)lic trusts — and with the thought
that office exists for the convenience of the people and
not for the emolument of the possessor, and that
wealth acquired from public office is prima-facie evi-
dence of crime — we may hope to find men for public
servants who will not steal.
8 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
During the following year the receipts from actual
residents amounted to $605.87, and from unseated lands to |C)13.68, making a total of$1,219.55, while
the expenditures of the year 1 800 w^ere $1,050.06. Each year the aggregate of taxes increased with the increas- ing population, but expenditures increased also. The county treasury was unable to redeem the orders drawn upon it, and pul)lic accounts fell into confusion until 1807 and 1808, when an earnest effort was made to straighten public affairs. The records had been removed to the new offices in Bethany, and the first meeting of the county commissioners was held there early in 1807. A careful examination of the financial condition of the county disclosed the fact that there was no money in the treasury, while its liabilities in the shape of unpaid checks, refunded taxes, etc., amount- ed to about$5,000. Upwards of $16,000 were due the county from owners of unseated lands, delinquent collectors, dilatory sheriffs, overpaid commissioners, and other officers, w^hich, if collected, would, it was claimed, put the county out of debt, and leave a con- siderable balance in the treasury. As one of the re- sults of this investigation, in 1808, the sheriff, Abisha Woodward, w^as directed to sell such unseated lands as were in arrears for taxes, which he proceeded to do, and in 1809 the receipts from these sales amounted to be- tween$9,000 and $10,000. In 1811 the inconvenien- ces and losses to the county and to individuals w^hich had resulted from the neglect of treasurers to furnish information to the commissioners with respect to the state of the treasury, led to the adoption of a series of resolutions requiring the treasurer to report, on the first day of every term, the exact condition of the finances, and declaring a failure to do so as well as the buying up of county orders at a discount with tlie pub- lic funds, to be a misdemeanor in office. The Com- WOOnWABD'S COMMENCEMENT. 9 missioners might well treat such official misconduct as ground for removal, for they held then the appoint- ment of county treasurer, and were, in a very special sense, the exclusive fiscal agents of the county. Under the sharp animadversions of the county audi- tors, and with increasing experience in the conduct of public affairs, the linancial condition of the county im- proved with the increase of population. The frame court-house and the log jail at Bethany were complet- ed; courts were held regularly there; farms were cleared, roads were Iniilt, and the winters were improv- ed to get out logs and squared timber from the forests of pine, hemlock, and oak, to be rafted down the Lack- awaxen and Delaware to Easton, Trenton, and Phila- delphia, wlien the spring freshets came. The supplies of store goods, of iron, salt, leather, cloths and grocer- ies, purchased wdth the proceeds of the lumber, were transported to the scattered settlements with great dif- ficulty. The "Durham Boat" on the Delaw^are was the prime, and for a long time, the only ascending nav- igation. This craft which has disappeared from these waters within the last quarter of a century, was a long, trim boat, which, though laden wdth several tons, drew so little water that it could pass up the rifts and shoals of the streams, propelled by a poleman on each side, and guided by a steersman at the rudder. Another mode of getting goods into Wayne county was to car- ry them up the Hudson river to Newburg, and thence cart them by way of Cochecton to Bethany and other points. After the north and south turnpike was built through Sterling, Salem, and Canaan townships, a con- siderable trade was established with Easton. But although the industries of Wayne were in proc- ess of gradual though healthful development, great discontent continued to be manifested by the people along the Delaware below Milford, on account of the 10 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. location of the county seat at Bethany, and, in 1814, the LegisLiture, witli the general consent of the people, set oif the lower end into a new county, to be called Pike, with the seat of justice at Milford where it has remained ever since. The division line was run by John K. Woodward, conformably to the act of Sep- tember, 1814, beginning at the lower end of Big Eddy on the Delaware, thence to a point on the Lackawaxen opposite the Wallenpaupack, thence up the Wallenpau- pack and the South l)ranch thereof to the old north and south State road, and thence west seven miles and ninety two perches to the Lehigli creek. Thus was Pike county set off with an area of 772 square miles, and witli a population, ^vhich, according to the census of 1820, amounted to 2,894. The area left to Wayne was 720 square miles, and the population in 1820 was 4,127. I have compiled, from various sources, the lead- ing events that attended the formation of the two counties of Wayne and Pike. The people were gen- erally poor. Most of the old men had been soldiers in the Revolutionary war, and others were descendants of families who had suifered in various ways in that struggle and from frequent incursions of Indians. The settlements Avere sparse and Avidely separated. The soil and climate were rigorous. The land which was worth clearing for agricultural purposes was heavily timbered with beech, maple, and hemlock, though much of the mountain range that runs through Pike cdunty was and still is " The Barrens," and utterly insuscep- tible of cultivation. Except along the river-bottoms the arable land was stony, requiring much labor to re- move them and lay them into w^alls for fences of the lields. Much of the soil was wet and needed ditching to make it productive. Yet with all these disadvan- tages, the hardy and industrious people who settled WOODWABD'S COMMENCEMENT. 11 the bills and valleys of these counties, persevered in lumbering and farming until they established large and prosperous communities, built towns and tm-npikes, improved their farms, established schools and churches, so that these counties have become influential in the Commonwealth. The foregoing is all that Judge G. W. Woodward wrote of the History of Wayne County. 12 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. CHAPTEIl 11. THE INDIANS. PROBABLY a history of Wayne would be considered imperfect that did not embrace a description of the Indian tribes that once chiimed and occupied the ter- ritory as their favorite hunting grounds. Having be- come extinct in consequence of their conflicts with the whites, who had the superior means of sharpening the scythe of death, and who, in encroaching and overpow- ering numbers, dispossessed tliem of their lands and homes, none of them are left to rehearse, in truth and sadness, how they were ^\Tonged and abused by their invaders. From the scanty traditions preserved by the early explorers and settlers, it appears that a tribe called the Mousey s, wdio held their head-quarters or council fire at a place on the Delaware, called "Mini- sink," (a part of which tribe settled at Wyoming) held jurisdiction over the lands now embraced in Wayne, Pike, and Susquehanna counties. This tribe claimed to hold their territory independent of the Delawares from whom William Penn purchased his lands. A tribe, or remnant of a tribe, lived on the Delaware, scattered between Shehawken and tlie mouth of the Lackawaxen, most of them a]>out Cochecton, and were known as the Mohicans or Cushetunks. But there THE INDIANS. 13 was a powerful confederacy southward of the Great Lakes, known as the Six I^ations, consisting of the Onondagas, Senecas, Cayugas, Mohawks, Oneidas, and Tuscaroras.* These chiimed to hold the Monseys, Delawares, and Shawnees in subjection, and denied that they had any right to sell lands to the whites. These six nations, by an early alliance with the Dutch, who first settled on the Hudson, obtained fire-arms by the use of which they were able to check the encroach- ments of the French and to reduce to submission many bordering tril)es. From these they exacted an ac- knowledgment of fealty, permitting them under such humiliation to occupy their former liunting grounds. To this dependent condition the Iroquois asserted that they had, by conquest, reduced the Lenni Lenape. Charles the II., King of England, in 1681, granted a charter to William Penn of a large province of land in the JS^ew World, as it was then called, the extent of which was to be three degrees of latitude in breadth by five degrees of longitude in length; the Delaware river was to be the eastern boundary, and the northern boundary was to begin on the commencement of the three and fortieth degree of north latitude, which pro- vince was by royal order called Pennsylvania. The amount of land embraced in said charter comprised twenty-six millions of acres. In 1682, AYm. Penn came over from England to found a colony upon the broad principles of Christian charity, free toleration, and con- stitutional freedom. Althouo-li he had obtained a char- *Called by the French, Iroquois. 14 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. ter from th3 king of England empowering him to take possession of the lands therein embraced, yet he hon- estly admitted that the Indians were the only true owners of the lands. Acting under that conviction he had not been long in the country before he took measures to bring together the Indians from various parts of his province, to form with them a treaty of peace and friendship. Sucli a treaty was made and, unlike most Indian treaties, was never broken. Not a drop of Quaker blood was ever shed by an Indian. The colony was peaceful and prosperous for seventy years. It is remarkable that no original \\'ritten re(*- ord can be disc^overed of Penn's memorable treaty with the Indians, though traditional evidence is abun- dant regarding its occurrence. The heirs of William Penn, who were called the Proprietaries, were the governing element in the province until near the days of the Pevolution, but took no measures to fix and de- termine the boundaries of the lands which their great progenitor or his agents, in his life-time, purchased of the Indians, until 1733. The northern boundary of one important purchase was to be determined by a man's walk of a day and a-half. Beginning on the bank of the Delaware, near Wrightstown, in Bucks county, (the boundary of a former purchase), the walk was to be done by three white men and a like number of Indians. The men having been selected, the wdiites walked with all their might, and arrived at the north side of Blue mountain, the first day, which was as far as the whole walk would extend, according to the ex- THE INDIANS, 15 pectations of the Indians; and when they found the walk was to proceed half a day further, they were angry, said tliey were cheated, and wonld go no fur- ther. The whites started again next morning; two of them gave out: but one, Edward Marshall, went on alone and arrived at noon on a spur of Pocono moun- tain, sixty-five miles from the starting point. Sher- man Day, the historian, says : "If the w^alk had ter- minated at the Kittatinny, the line from the end of the walk to intersect the Delaware, if drawn at right angles, would have intersected the Delaware at the Water Gap, and Avould not have included the Mini- sink lands, a prominent object of the speculators. The line as actually drawn by Mr. Eastburn, the surveyor- general, intersected the Delaware near Shohola creek, in Pike county. Overreaching^ both in its literal and figurative sense, is the term most applicable to the whole transaction." The Indians remonstrated against the great wrong done them by the said walk, and de- clared their intention to hold the disputed lands by force of arms. The Proprietary Government, know- ing that the Six Nations held the Delawares under a sort of fear and vassalage, prevailed upon them l)y presents to interpose their authority, in the expulsion of the refractory Delawares. Accordingly, in 1742, a delegation of two hundred and thirty of the Six Na- tions met in Philadelphia, and being made to believe that the Delawares had actually sold the disputed lands, Canassatoga, on the part of the deputation, roundly berated the Delawares for selling the lands at all^ call- 16 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. ing them vassals and women, thereby adding insult to injury, and ending by bidding them instantly to remove from the lands. They dared not disregard this peremptory command. Some of them, it is said, went to Wyoming and Shamokin, others to Ohio. Even at this council the deputies complained that the whites were settling on unbought lands and spoiling their hunting, and demanded the removal of the set- tlers upon and along the Juniata, who, they said, were doing great damage to their cousins, the Delawares. In March, 1744, war was declared between France and Great Britain. The drsrk clouds of savage war- fare gathered over the western frontiers, and many murders were committed by tlie Indians. The French, hovering around the Great Lakes, spared no pains to seduce the savages from their allegiance to the Eng- lish. The Shawnees at once joined the French, the Delawares only waited for a chance to revenge their wrongs, and the Six Nations were wavering; massa- cres ensued, and no age or sex was spared. A treaty was made between France and Great Britain, in 1748, but it tended very little to abate tlie violence of savage warfare. The Proprietors, anxious to secure all the lands of the Indians, in July, 1754, purchased of the Six Nations all the lands within the province not ])e- f ore obtained, lying south-west of a line, " Beginning one mile above the mouth of Penn's creek, thence run- ning north-west by west to the western l)oundary of the province." The line instead of striking the west- ern line of the State, as the Indians supposed it would, THE INBIANS. 17 struck the northern boundary thereof, west of Cone- wango creek. The Shawnees, Delawares, Monse3^s, and other tribes soon found out that their lands on the Susquehanna, Juniata, Allegheny, and Oliio rivers, which the Six Nations had guaranteed to tliem, had been sold from under their feet. The Indians on the Allegheny at once went over to the French. After Braddock's defeat, in 1753, the whole frontier, from the Delaware to the Potomac, was desolated by the Indians, who, having been joined by other tribes, laid waste all the settlements beyond the Kittatinny moun- tains, burning the hamlets and scalping the settlers. The Proprietors became alarmed and, in November, 1756, held another grand council, at Easton, between Teedyuscung, a noted Delaware chief, and some other chiefs, on the one part, and Governor Denny, on the part of the Proprietors. The conference lasted nine days. The discontents of the Indians with regard to the great walk and the purchase of lands made by the Proprietors, in 1754, were heard and inquired into, and a treaty of peace was patched up with the Dela- wares. But the complaints of the Indians that the whites were encroaching upon their lands continued and became boisterous. It was found that something must be done. Another great council was summoned to meet at Easton, in the fall of 1758. Easton was a noted place for holding councils between the whites and Indians. It was, as now, the county seat of North- ampton county, which county w^as established and sep- arated from Bucks county, in 1752, and, at the time 3 18 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. of its establishment, included Wayne, Pike, Monroe, Lehigh, and Carbon counties. The said council was the most important and imposing one ever held in the prov- ince. It was attended by chiefs both of the Six Nations and Delawares, and by the agents of the governments of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. About five hundred Indians were present, representing all the Six Nations, most of the Delawares, the Shawnees, the Miamis, the Mohicans, Monseys, Nanticokes, and Conoys. Many Quakers, who were anxious that peace and justice might prevail, were present as the friends of the In- dians. Teedyuscung spoke for several of the tribes. He was a noted Delaware chief. He rehearsed the wrongs of the Pennsylvania tribes, and accused the Proprietors of being very profuse of promises, and neglectful in keeping them; and he accused the Six Nations of dealing and deciding unfairly with the Pennsylvania tribes, and that they had been, from time to time, perverted from doing their duty by the rich and abundant presents made to them by the agents of the Proprietary Government. The Six Nations were offended at the boldness of Teedyuscung, and sought to counteract his influence ; but he bore himself Avith dignity and firmness, and although he was well-plied with liquor, he refused to yield to the Six Nations, and resisted all the wiles of the intriguing whites. The council lasted eighteen days, and all matters which had caused discontent among the Indians were freely discussed. All lands claimed as having been purchas- ed of them, beyond the Allegheny mountains, were THE INDIANS. 19 given up. An additional compensation for lands al- ready purchased was to be given. In short, another peace was concluded, and at the close of the treaty — to the shame of the whites be it said — stores of rum were given to the Indians, who soon exhil)ited its ef- fect in frightful orgies or stupid insensibility. The English having taken Quel)ec from the French, in 1759, and captured all their forts and military depots on the north-west and western frontiers, peace was con- cluded between Great Britain, France and Spain, in 1762, and Pennsylvania was, for a short time, relieved of the horrors of war. But the short cahn was fol- lowed by a terrific storm. The Indians about the Great Lakes and on the Ohio, without complaint, had permitted the French to erect and maintain a chain of forts from Presque Isle (Erie) to the Monongahela, so long as they proved a barrier to the encroachments of the English, but when they saw Canada and these forts in the hands of the English, and reflected that the lands upon which said forts stood w^ere never purchas- ed of the native owners, their hatred of the intrusive whites became intense and wide-spread. A great In- dian chief, named Pontiac, of the Ottawas, (a western tribe), formed the plan of uniting all the Indian tribes and of precipitating them at once upon the whole fron- tier. Tlie utter extermination of the whites was his object. With the suddenness and violence of a tor- nado, the attack was made. The English traders among the Indians were killed first. Out of one hun- dred and twenty only three escaped. Scalping parties 20 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. overran the frontier settlements among the mountains, marking their way with blood and carnage. The forts of Presque Isle, Yenango, St. Joseph, and Mackinaw were taken, and their garrisons slaughtered. Other forts were saved with great difficulty. The dismayed settlers on the Juniata and Susquehanna, with their families and ftocks, sought refuge at Carlisle, Lancas- ter, and Reading. The peaceful Moravian Indians fled to Philadelphia which was their only place of safety. This was the most destructive and fiercely-contested war ever waged between the whites and Indians in Pennsylvania. The cruelties and barbarities perpetra- ted in tliis war on both sides are too shocking to relate. In October, 1763, John Penn, grandson of William Penn, came over from England as lieutenant-gover- nor, and, having ignored the peaceful non-resistant pol- icy of the Quakers, by proclamation offered bounties for the capture, death, or scalps of Indians, viz: "For every male above the age of ten years captured,$150;
scalped, being killed, $134; for every male or female Indian enemy above the age of ten years captured,$130; for every female above the age of ten years be-
ing scalped or killed, $50." Effective measures were at once taken by the Proprietary Government to repel the assaults of the savages by carrying the war into their own country. Volunteers from Cumberland and Bedford counties, under Col. Armstrong, went up and defeated several parties of Indians on the West branch. General Amherst dispatched Col. Boquet, with a large quantity of provisions, under a strong THE INDIANS. 21 force, to the relief of Fort Pitt. From thence, in the autumn of 1764, he extended his expedition to the Muskingum in Ohio. The Indians were alarmed and sued for peace. The Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas, and other tribes agreed to cease hostilities, and they gave up a large number of prisoners that in former wars they had carried into captivity. Though peace was restored, yet the complaints of the Indians were continued and not causelessly; for lawless white men continued to settle upon the Indian lands and to incite hostilities by the unprovoked murder of the peaceable natives. Another savage war was threatened, which, happily, was prevented by the tact and wise intervention of Sir William Johnson, a British officer, at whose instance, a great council was held at Fort Stanwix, in New York, at which all grievances were adjusted, and a treaty made Novem- ber 5tli, 1768, with the Six Nations, who then sold and conveyed to the Proprietors,. "All the land wdthin a boundary extending from the New York line on the Susquelianna, past Towanda and Pine creek, up the West branch over to Kittanning and thence down the Ohio." This was called the "New Purchase," and in- cluded the lands in Wayne and Susquehanna counties, most of Luzerne and part of Pike county. This was the last purchase made by the Proprietors. The State afterwards bought of the Indians all the lands which remained unsold witliin its chartered limits. (If the preceding narrative of Indian matters should be deemed irrelevant to the history of Wayne county, 22 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. the following continuance thereof may be a sufficient apology for its presentation.) In the month of August, 1762, about two lumdred colonists from Connecticut commenced a settlement at Wyoming, on the Susquehanna river, claiming a right under the said named State, which founded her claim under the original charter granted in 1620 to the Ply- mouth Company by James I., Avhich charter was con- firmed by Cliarles II., to Connecticut in 1663, and set- tiuix forth that the said charter should include : " All that part of our dominions in New England, in Ameri- ca, bounded on the east by Narragansett bay where the said river f alleth into the sea, and on the north by the line of the Massachusetts Plantation, on the south by the sea and in longitude as the Massachusetts Colony running from east to west — that is to say, from the Narragansett bay on the east, to the South sea on the west part." Tliis charter, it w^as claimed, included all the lands of sixty miles in width extending to the Pa- cific ocean, excepting the intervening part betw^een Connecticut and Pennsylvania, w^hich had been con- ceded to the province of New^ York, in consequence of a charter granted by Charles II. to his l^rother, the Duke of York and Albany. The charter to the col- ony of Connecticut was made eighteen years prior to that made to William Penn, by the same monarch. It has ]>een presumed that said monarch knew^ little or nothino; of the location or extent of the territories that he granted, and tliat his title to the same w^as little superior to his knowledge. THE INDIANS, 23 In the year 1753, a number of persons, mostly in- habitants of Connecticut, formed a company with the intent of purchasing the lands of the Indians on the Susquehanna, and establishing settlements at Wyo- ming. This association was called the "Susquehanna Company." The said two hundred settlers of 1762 were a part of them. The agents of said Company attended a council of the Six Nations held at Albany on the 11th of eluly, 1754, and made a purchase from the Indians of the Wyoming lands, the boundaries of which are thus given in their deeds : "Beginning from the one and fortieth degree of north latitude, ten miles east of the Susquehanna river, and from thence by a north line ten miles east of the river to the end of the forty-second degree of north latitude and so to extend Tvest two degrees of longitude, one hundred and twenty miles, and from thence south to the beginning of the forty-second degree, and thence east to the beginning, which is ten miles east of the Susquehanna river." It has never been denied but that this purchase included the valley of the Wyoming and the country westward to the head waters of the Allegheny river. At the time the above-named purchase was made, the country east of the Susquehanna Company purchase was bought of the Indians by another association, called the "Delaware Company," under whose encourage- ment the first settlement of whites was made, at Co- checton, on the Delaware, in 1755. This was the first attempt made to liold lands under said Connecticut and Indian titles. The progress made by the last-nam- 24 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY. ed colony will be noticed under the head of Danuis- cus township. At the time the last-above-named pur- chases were made of the Indians, commissioners were present to act for tlie Proprietors, but there is no evi- dence that they then made any purchase of the Wyo- ming and Delaware lands, though they obtained a deed on the 6th of July, 1754, of a tract of land between the Blue mountain and the forks of the Susquehanna river. Gov. Morris, of Pennsylvania, on the return of his commissioners from Albany, having learned that the Susquehanna and Delaware Companies had effected a purchase of the Wyoming and other lands, wrote to Sir William Johnson, (so Chapman alleges,) on the 15th of November, 1751, requesting him to induce the Indians, if possible, to deny the contracts they had made, and, as a means of effecting it, to wdn over Hen- drick, a noted chief, to his interests, and persuade the chief to visit Philadelphia. The Connecticut settlers reprobated the conduct of Governor Morris, as dis- honorable and unworthy of a man occupying his po- sition. The settlers knew that the villainy which the whites taught the Indians, they were ready to practice. It is probable that the Indians would have sold the lands as often as they could get pay for them. They kept no record of their sales, and knew but little about the boundaries and extent of what they had sold, and looked with contempt upon the titles which the kings in Europe pretended to have to lands in America. Indeed, as has been before stated, the Six Nations, at general council, held at Fort Stanwix, November 5th, THE INDIANS. 25 1708, conveyed to the Pennsylvania; Proprietors, the same lands which they had sold to the Susquehanna and Delaware Companies in July, 1754. The reader will now readily miderstand that the contention which so long existed between the people of Connecticut and Pennsylvania, and which caused so much suffering, spoliation, and bloodshed, origina- ted in an interference of the territorial claims of the contending parties. The charter of Connecticut ante- dated that of William Penn eighteen years. The pur- chases of the Susquehanna and Delaware Companies, it was claimed, antedated that of the Proprietors four- teen years. The Susquehanna Company, honestly be- lieving that their title was paramount, commenced their settlement at Wyoming in all good faith. They located themselves so as not to interfere with the In- dians, and built a log-house and several huts at the mouth of a small stream, now called Mill creek. Not having sufficient provisions to keep them through the winter, they hid their few tools and went back to their native homes in Connecticut. Early in the spring of 1763, these settlers returned to Wyoming, attended by their families and a number of new settlers. They brought with them cattle, and swine, and provisions for immediate use. Their build- ings had not been disturbed. The chiefs of the Six Nations had never forgiven Teedyuscung for his bold- ness and independence displayed at the great council held at Easton in 1758 ; and their emissaries, in the autumn of 1763, murdered him or burned him in his 26 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. cabin, and then made the Delawares believe it Avas done by the Yankees. They had thus far been peace- able, but at once sought revenge. They surprised the whites while at work in their lields, killed upwards of twenty of them, took some prisoners, and, after the remainder had fled, set fire to the buildings, and drove away the cattle. Chapman says, " Those who escaped hastened to their dwellings, gave the alarm to tlie families of those who were killed, and the remainder of the colonists, men, women, and children, fled to the mountains, Tliey took no provisions with them except wliat they had hastily seized in their flight, and must pass through a wilderness sixty miles in ex- tent, before they could reach the Delaware river." They had no means of defense, had not sufficient raiment, and, with such cheerless prospects, com- menced a journey of two hundred and flfty miles on foot. Some of the whites reached the settlement on the Delaware, at Cochecton. The Susquehanna Company, still persisting in their determination to es- tablish a settlement in Wyoming, early in 1769, sent forty men thither to look after their former improve- ments, and found that they had been taken possession of l)y agents of the Proprietary Government. Noth- ing daunted, they selet^ted another piece of land and built temporary huts, and Avere soon joined by two hundred additional emigrants, wh(^, anticipating that they w^ould be aimoyed by the Pennsylvania party, built a fort near the bank of the river, and near it erected about twenty log-houses, with loop-holes through which to Are, in case of an attack. THE INDIANS. 27 It would ex(5eed the intended limits of this work to give, in detail, the subsequent history of the heroic set- tlers of Wyoming. The reader that wishes to know what outrages, imprisonments, and murders were in- flicted upon the settlers, under the tyrannical domina- tion of the land-holding Proprietors and their unscru- pulous agents, and of the horrors of the Wyoming massacre, is referred to the histories by Chapman, Mi- ner, Stone, HoUister, and Pierce for full information. The settlers at Cochecton, Paupack, and Wyoming took a deep interest in one another's welfare and, thougli widely separated, warned one another in season, of the approach of an Indian. To settle the long-contested question between Penn- sylvania and Connecticut, as to wdiich state the juris- diction of the disputed lands belonged, the Continen- tal Congress appointed a board of commissioners to hear the question, wdio met at Trenton, N. J., and, after a deliberation of ^yq weeks, on the 30th of De- cember, 1782, pronounced their opinion as follows: "We are of the opinion that the State of Con- necticut has no right to the land in controversy," etc. The justice and impartiality of the decision were questioned and have not as yet been conceded. The State of Connecticut still clauned lands west of Penn- sylvania, but in 1786 made a cession of the same to the United States, with a reserve of about a half of a million acres. The lands thus reserved were called "]New Connecticut," or the "Western Keserve," by the sale of which, Connecticut realized a fund of$1,900,-
28 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
000 for the support of her common schools. If the
title of Comiecticiit to the Reserve lands was valid,
why was not a like title good in Pennsylvania ? The
inhabitants at Wyoming were willing to submit to the
laws and jurisdiction of Pennsylvania, but contended
that as the State of Connecticut had conveyed her in-
terest in the soil to the Susquehanna Company, from
which they derived their riglit, tliat the decision did
not deprive them of their title to the lands upon which
they had settled. The subsequent measures used by
the land-holding government of Pennsylvania, were
attended by acts of violence, suffering, and bloodshed,
in dispossessing this brave and long-suifering people.
They did not, however, tamely nor suddenly submit to
the exactions of their oppressors. Even as late as
1799, Judge Post, an emigrant from Long Island,
took up land under the Pennsylvania claimants, near
Montrose, for which he was mol)bed, burnt in effigy,
and insulted by the Yankees, who could not bear that
any one should acknowledge the validity of the Penn-
sylvania title. Finally, after years of turmoil, more
just and reasonable laws were enacted, under the oper-
ation of which, the New England people, in all the
settlements, became quiet and valuable citizens.
With re<rard to the Indians but little can be said.
There was some diversity of color among them. Gen-
erally their skin was of a reddish, copper color. They
were symmetrical in form, tall in stature, with deep-set
eyes, high cheek-l)ones, often with aquiline noses, and
long, straight hair. The squaws were short, with broad,
THE INDIANS. 29
liomelj faces, Tlie senses of the Indians were intense-
ly acute. Tliey could follow the footsteps of man or
beast over plains or mountains, where the white man
could not discern the slightest vestige. When not
engaged in war the chief employments of the men
were hunting and fishing. The squaws did all the
work, l)uilt all the cabins, planted all the corn,
tended it, and prepared it for food by roasting, parch-
ing, or pounding it in a stone mortar. The ancient
weapons of the Indians were the bow, and arrows
pointed wdth flint, the stone hatchet, and the scalping
knife. It is said that some of the western tribes had
advanced one step nearer to civilization than the Lenni
Lenape tribes of Pennsylvania.
Dr. Horace Hollister, of Providence, Pa., has made
a full and curious collection of all the warlike weapons
and culinary and domestic utensils, used and employed
by the Indians that once lived in Pennsylvania. The
colle(!;tion is made up largely of warlike implements,
while the scarcity of domestic utensils attests the slight
elevation that our Indians had attained above the
"Stone Age." The dress of the Indians, before their
commerce with Europeans, was mostly, if not wholly,
made of skins. Their wigwams were differently con-
structed by different tribes. The rudest were made
of poles resting against each other at the top, and cov-
ered with l)ark and skins, with an aperture at the top
for the escape of smoke. How the poor creatures con-
trived to live throuo'h the cold winters of the northern
30 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
climate is a problem uiisolvable. The practice of tor-
tm'ing and l)urniiig their prisoners was most abhorrent
and revolting. When we think of them as gloating
over the agonies of their victims, we are consoled with
the reflection that they have been exterminated. It
must be admitted, however, that white men, though
boastful of the humanizing influences of civilization
and religion, have with pleasure indulged in the same
devilish enormities. That the Indians resorted to de-
ceit and treachery, to cruelties and diabolism, in their
I'ontests with the whites, cannot be denied. When
they commenced selling lands to the whites, they had
no just conceptions of their overpowering numbers.
Said Red Jacket, "My forefathers sold one tree to a
white man, who came with ten more men, who each
cut down a tree, and then there came ten more to each
tree." When they found that they had been deluded
and cheated, they fought with the desperation of de-
spair. What mercy should we show to an invading
enemy as much superior to us in deadly weapons of
war as we were to the Indians, if such invaders were
intent upon dispossessing us of our lands and homes 'i
What compensation did the Pennsylvania Indians
the lands been sold at live mills per acre, they would
have brought §80,000. Have we any evidence that
they were paid even that amount?
The Indians worshiped no idols. From the earth and
firmament, "that elder scripture writ by God's own
hand," they inferred the existence of an overruling
THE INDIANS. 31
Intelligence which they called the Great Spirit. They
had a iirm and abiding belief in a fntnre state of ex-
istence. They have been spoken of in the past tense.
They belong to the past. In the early discovery of
the conntry, it is supposed that there were 200,000 In-
dians east of the Mississippi river. They are now ex-
tinct. Disease, war, and intemperance have destroyed
them. In the early part of this century, occasionally
a few straggling Indians with their squaws and a pap-
poose or two would \^sit Beaver Meadows and some
other places in the county, stealing warily and fearful-
ly through the tangled woods, perhaps to visit, in want
and anguish, the graves of their fatliers, who once
owned and governed this wide domain. A few tribes,
destined to be duped and cheated by governmental
agents or hunted down by military bands and destroy-
ed like wild beasts, are still left in our Territories.
Why does not our Government imitate the just policy
no trouble with their Indians for the past seventy
years ? Finally, had the whites dealt justly with the \y''
Indians, after the manner of William Penn, thousands
of lives w^ould have been saved. Had not the Pennsyl-
vania claimants resorted to wrong and violence to dis-
possess the Connecticut people, the massacre at Wyo-
ming might have been averted, the settlers at Cochec-
ton and Paupack would not have been murdered or
driven from their homes, and no battle would have
been fought at the mouth of the Lackawaxen.
32 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
CHAPTEE III.
WAYNE COUNTY.
WAYNE County was named in honor of Anthony
Wayne, a major-general in the Hevolntionary
war, who was l)orn in Chester county, Pennsylvania,
in 1745, and died at Presqne Isle, in 1796. In de-
votion to the cause of liberty, and in heroic, dashing
exploits, lie was second to no officer in tliat war. The
Legislature of 1879 made an appropriation for tlie
erection of a monument at Chester, Pa., commemora-
tive of his great services to his country.
In point of population, Wayne county is by no
means inconsiderable. There are in the sixty-seven
counties in the State, about thirty in number that
have each a less amount of population and taxables
than Wayne.
Geologically considered, the whole county is of
a secondary formation, excepting the alluvions along
the streams, and is destitute of basalt, gypsum, mica,
and limestone. No fossil remains of animals have
l)een found. The rocks are generally a compound of
sand and clay, with the exception of red shale, which
is composed of line grains of sand cemented by the
oxide of iron. The rocks are mostly arranged in hor-
izontal strata, whatever may be the contour of the
WAYNJS COUNTY. 33
ground. The surface is diversified with many inequal-
ities, bat they are not of such extent or abruptness as
to render much of it worthless. The general average
elevation of the upland is estimated at 1,400 feet
above tide water, and parts of the Moosic mountain
are 600 feet above the upland.
The southern extremity of that mountain is in
Lackawanna county. In Canaan the county line cross-
es the mountain, thence running westward of it, leav-
ing Ararat and Sugar Loaf in Wayne. On and about
this mountain are quartz rocks of intense hardness
from which the first millers in the county fashioned
their mill-stones. The glass-factories obtain from the
same source, the stone of which they make the pots
in which the glass is melted. The hill-sides along the
various streams, sometimes steep and precipitous, have
the greatest part of the rocky, stony, uncultivatable
land. The soil is an admixture of clay and sand,
which, in its primitive state, was covered with a leafy
mould. The main streams in the southern part are
the Paupack and Middle creek, with their branches ;
in the middle are the West branch and Dyberry,
which, uniting at Honesdale, form the Lackawaxen;
in the north is the Starrucca; and in the northern and
eastern part, as tributaries of the Delaware river, are
Shrawder's creek, Shehawken*, Equinunk, Little Equi-
nunk, Hollister's creek. Cash's creek, and Calkins'
creek. These streams afford abundant water-powder
for the propulsion of mills and factories.
* Among the oklest records the name ''Shehawken " is thus
written.
5
34 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
CLIMATE.
The elevation of the county above tide-water will
account in part for the rigor of our winters. But that
elevation insures a pure air and an assured immunity
against the plague and Asiatic cholera. The extremes
l)etween tlie heat of our summers and the (-old of our
winters are very great, and appear to be increasing.
The removal of our forests exposes the country to tlie
cold winds in winter, thereby decreasing the tempera-
ture, wdiile the exposure of the soil in summer to the
<lirect rays of tlie sun increases the temperature.
Sixty years ago, on account of the coolness and hu-
midity of the summers, Indian corn was an uncertain
crop ; at the same time such was the mildness of the
winters that the peach trees were not injured by the
severity of the cold, and bore fruit from year to year.
Now the thermometer in summer rises to ninety-six
degrees, Fahrenheit, and, in the winter, falls to twenty
degrees below^ zero. Some meteorologists entertain
the theory that Avinters of extreme cold, and sum-
mers of intense heat have their appointed cycles.
From some cause unknown, the winters of 1819, 1836,
and 1843 were very cold and the summers of 1816
and 1836, short, cold, and frosty, while the summers
of 1838 and 1845 were remarkable for long-continued
heat.
FORESTS.
These in their primitive glory consisted of white,
and yellow pine; hemlock; white, and red beech; hard
maple, called also rock, or sugar-maple ; white, or
THE FORESTS. 35
red flowering maple ; white, and black ash; poplar, or
tulip-tree; black cherry ; black, and yellow birch; but-
ton-wood; basswood, or linn; white, and slippery
elm ; hemlock spruce, and dwarf spruce ; pepperidge ;
tamarack, or larch; balsam fir; white, black, and red
oak ; chestnut ; butternut ; shagbark walnut ; hickory ;
and many smaller trees and shrubs, yiz: ironwood,
fire cherry, aspen or quiver-leaf, mountain ash, june-
berry, black maple or buckhorn, mountain and swamp
dog-wood, water beech, green osier, sassafras, white
dwarf maple, choke-cherry, yellow plum, tag alder,
swamp apple, spotted alder, crooked alnus, prickly
asli, bilberry, crab-apple ti-ee, willow, bachelor tea,
swamp whortleberry, hardback, leather-wood, mountain
and dwarf laurel, spice-bush, hazel-nut, poison sumac,
tanners' sumac, pigeon bush, witch-hazel, dwarf juni-
per, hemlock bearing red berries, (a very rare tree,) and,
perhaps, a few others.
The forests standing at the present time liave little
of the yalue of those that adorned the country a cen-
tury ago. The lofty pines, which then lined the
streams and cro^^^led the hills, have been removed ;
the hemlock, once considered a nuisance, having be-
come valuable, is fast disappearing. It is a tree of
v'ery slow growth, and if the ground were now cover-
ed wdth a second growth, generations would pass away
before the timber would be large enough to be valua-
l>le. Hemlocks, which were cut into ninety years ago,
have only added a growth of four or five inches to
their semi-diameters. An enormous one o^rew on the
36 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
north side of Middle creek, about a mile below Rob-
inson's tannery. Tlie grain, or growths of the
wood, showed that it was one thousand years old when
it died. It must have been a large tree, when Chris-
topher Columbus discovered America, in 1492. The
late Mrs. H. G. Otis, of Boston, who often came to
Bethany, greatly admired the hemlock. She said she
had seen all the noted evergreen trees of Europe, but
that in fineness, delicacy, and compactness of foliage,
coolness and neatness, the hemlock surpasses them all.
The poplar, which is a straight, tall tree, from
two to three feet in diameter, was once quite com-
mon, especially in the lower part of the county, but
the w^ood, which was light and easily removed, being
valuable, was at an early day all sent to market. It
was all used up forty years ago. White ash was once
so abundant as to be split into rails, and w^as often used
for fire-wood. It has been valuable for many years
as the quantity is constantly decreasing. It is, how-
ever, a tree of rapid growth and may be saved and
propagated.
The black cherry, now so valuable for cabinet-work,
was once to be found on almost every hill, it often
beins: three feet in diameter. Abraham J. Stryker
told me, many years ago, that it was so abundant in
Cherry Kidge that the first settlers split it into rails
and stakes, used it for barn frames, and burnt some of
it up. What now^ remains of that timber is costly
and of poor quality. Where it is not shaded by other
timber it crrows very fast.
THE FORESTS. 37
The basswood, found in every part of the county,
has long been used for siding in lieu of pine. Large
quantities of this himber have been yearly sent to
market. It is a beautiful tree and is growing scarce;
but as its growth is very rapid, there is some hope
that it will not all be destroyed.
The black bircli is a heavy, substantial wood. It is
being substituted for black cherry. Both the black
and yellow birch make excellent fire-wood.
The chestnut was plentiful in Scott township and in
Salem, and not scarce in other townships. In Salem,
it was, on some ridges, the chief timber, and some of
the trees were very large. The largest tree that I ever
saw in Wayne county was a chestnut-tree standing on
the old road between Jonestown and Cherry Ridge.
It was, I think, larger than the big elm in Damascus.
Tliey were both unusually large. It was rare sport
to gather chestnuts in those old forests. There were
enough of them for the boys, bears, raccoons, and
squirrels. Those chestnut-trees were all cut down,
split into rails, or stakes, or bnrnt up. But few, if any,
of them were ever sent to market. About the same
fate befell tliat w^hich grew in the upper part of the
county. Being of sudden growth the tree may survive.
The beech is the most abundant tree in our for-
ests, and will probably continue to be, so long as we
shall have any forests. It is the only tree that tlie
lightning seems to respect. Is there not a ligneous
acid in the tree which repels the electric fluid i The
wood is valual^le for many purposes. The ^vhite beech
38 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
when standing alone assumes a pyramidal form of
exceeding beauty. About the Red school-house in
Dy berry, a mile east of Bethany, are some of the love-
liest specimens of the beauty and symmetry of the iso-
lated white beech.
The elm, grand and majestic, is a tree which is like-
ly to continue in existence as its wood is not so valu-
a])le as to invite its destruction. . Long may it wave!
The hemlock spruce, sometimes called double spruce,
is found only in the south-western part of the county.
It grows to the height of the white pine, is equally
straight, and often attains a size of two and a half feet
in diameter. It is found chieliy along the head-waters
of the Lehigh and Tobyhanna. The timber was for
many years the common plunder of the shingle-makers,
who found a ready market for their shingles in North-
ampton county. Tlie timber is free and easy to work,
and since the construction of the Delaware, Lackawan-
value, and large quantities of it are yearly prepared for
market, at the mills of Dodge tfe Co., at Tobyhanna.
Like the hemlock, it is a slow-growing tree, and will
not be reproduced for a century.
The white oak and other varieties of the oak were
found principally about Moosic mountain and Pahnyra
and Paupack townships. The timber, never very abun-
dant, has been used up in the county. Could the fires
be kept out of the woods, some of it might be repro-
duced and preserved.
The shaffbark hickorv was and is found onlv in iso-
THE FORESTS. 39
lated places, generally upon hills, as upon Hickory hill
in Lebanon, McCollam's hill in Damascus, and Collin's
liill in Cherry Ridge. It was found, also, upon the
alluvial soil of the Paupack, above Wilsonville, where
many of tlie trees grew to be twT> and a half feet in
diameter. Whether they have all been taken off, I do
not know. The nut in size and flavor is exceeded only
l)y the English walnut.
The butternut is found along the hill-sides of all the
large streams of the county, seeming titted to the deep,
strong, stony land in such places. But it will grow^
almost anywhere remote from streams. It is found at
tlie foot of Hickory hill in Lebanon, several miles from
the Delaware river, whence those useful tree-planters,
the squirrels, carried the butternuts, it is supposed.
If the nuts are planted soon after they fall, by cover-
ing them with soil and leaves, they grow with a rapid-
ity attributed to Jonah's gourd, and if cut do^^Ti will
sprout up again. The wood is valuable for ornamen-
tal purposes. Tlie tree seems likely to escape extinc-
tion. The Lombardy poplar, mulberry, locust, horse-
chestnut, and black-walnut have not been named, ])e-
cause they are not considered indigenous to this pai't
of our country.
The sugar-maple. This tree is found in most of the
Northern States, and is one of the marvels of the
American forests. The extraordinary neatness of its
appearance, and the beauty of its foliage, which in sum-
mer is of the liveliest green, and in autumn of a glow-
40 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
iiig crimson, has led to its selection as a beantiful or-
nament in our yards and avenues. It will grow upon
almost any soil, and is easily transplanted. When
used for fuel, its wood almost equals tlie solid hickory.
The tree has l)een destroyed with a reckless prodigality
and a thoughtless disregard of its value. Tlie consid-
eration, how^ever, that the tree yields a sugar wdiich is
delicious to the tastes of the young and the old, the
manufacture of w^hich.may be made profitable, is like-
ly to lead to its future preservation. In some parts
of the county, especially in Mount Pleasant, the farm-
ers are wisely saving the second growth of maples for
sugar-orchards. On almost every hilly farm is some
rocky spot, uniit for the plow, wliich might be planted
with maples. In the Eastern States the farmers set
maples on both sides of the highw^ays, from which trees
some of them make all the sugar they need. They
to the farmer's prospective store of fuel. The day
Avill come w^ien tlie higliways of Wayne county will,
in like manner, be embellished with maples, to the
proht and comfc^rt of the farmers. In ordinary sea-
sons, four pounds of sugar can be made from a tree of
medium size. The sap of second-grow^th trees produces
more sugar than tliat from trees found in old forests.
The seed of the sugar-maple ripens and falls in October.
There are varieties of this tree called "birds'-eye" and
"curled" maple, the wood of wdiich, fifty years ago,
was valual)le and much sought after by cal)inct-makers.
It commanded a liigh price in England. But the
THE FORESTS. 41
caprice of taste is siicli that its value has greatly
depreciated.
The red flowering maple is a beautiful tree. It blos-
soms in the latter part of April. The blossoms are of a
beautiful red and unfold more than a fortnight before
the leaves. The tree is called soft maple and the grain
is sometimes curled like the sugar-maple. Sugar is
made from the sap of the tree as wliite as that made
from the other maple, if the bark of the tree is not boil-
ed with the sap. The tree grows luxuriantly in rich,
moist land, the bark is smootli, the body straight, and
the foliage of a light green ; many consider it more
graceful than the hard-maple. The wood is used for a
variety of purposes in making domestic wooden ware
and agricultural implements. The utility and beauty of
the tree should insure its cultivation and preservation.
The amoimt of money received in Wayne county
during the past eighty years for all kinds of lumber
sent to market and for hemlock bark sold to our tan-
neries, cannot be estimated, but, if it could be, the
amount would astonisli us. Probably the wants of the
people were such that they were justified in cutting-
down our most valuable trees, to ol)tain what they could
from them. But it appeared to us that some descrip-
tion of our native forests would l)e appropriate, lest
some of our noblest trees, once the glory of our hills
and streams, should ])e forever forgotten.
42 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY
M
CHAPTER lY.
ANY of the kinds of wild beasts which lived in
the original forests of Wayne eoimty, have become
extinct. The bear, wolf, pantlier, elk, beaver, and
marten, have entirely disappeaj-ed. Tlie bear lived a
solitary, qniet life in forests and deserts, sal)sisting o\\
fruits, chestnuts, beech-nuts, and roots, and, al-
though not carnivorous, would, when incited by hun-
ger, attack and devour small animals. Like the Rel)-
els, they liked to be let alone ; but, forced into a con-
flict, tliey fought desperately. Owing to the liardness
of tlieir skulls, tliickness of hide, and tenacity of life,
they were hard to kill. When sliot down from trees,
or caught in traps, hunters, sometimes, by going too
near them, paid dearly for tlieir rashness, l^arely es-
(^aping with their lives.
Asa Stanton, of Waymart, says his father. Col. Asa
Stanton, once caught in a trap a bear which broke the
(^hain, and, there being a tracking snow, his father fol-
lowed the trail over the mountain, down to al)out
Archbald, Avhere lie overtook the fugitive. A large
dog that he had along, pitc^hed in for a tight, but soon
got the worst of it. Stanton's gun was Avet ; so, to re-
lieve his dog, he went at the bear with his knife.
THE BEAR. 43
Brniii caught Stanton by the leg, above the knee, and
tore it so that lie bled very profusely. But the dog,
annoying the l^east, made him quit his hold of his
monster dead. Stanton, weak and faint, was found
])y a hunter, who went with him to his home. From
the wound received, he was lame the rest of his life.
Seth Yale, Esq., shot and \\'Ounded a young bear at
the head of the Upper Wood's pond, in Lebanon. The
old dam came to the rescue, and, with open moutli, ad-
vanced upon the Esquire, who struck at her with a
hatchet. She knocked the hatchet from the handle.
He ran the handle into her mouth, but she managed
to seize him by the arm, and, with her iron jaws,
almost crushed it. The Esquire luckily had a faith-
ful dog along, which, annoying the bear in the rear,
made her release her hold upon the Esquire and turn
upo7i the dog, which was too cunning to let her
get hold of him. Yale picked up his gun, retreated
a few rods, reloaded it, shot and mortally wounded the
bear, and then with his dog went for his home, which
he reached with difficulty, being weak and faint from
the loss of blood. Had it not been for the sagacity
of the dog, it was the opinion of the Esquire that tlie
bear would have overcome them both.
The Ijear is a hibernating animal. At the begin-
ning of the winter, when very fat, lie retires to some
hollow tree, and slet^ps through the heart of the win-
ter. The Indians seldom attacked the bear, and free-
Iv admitted that l)ruin was too much for them. But
44 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
the whites killed them for their skins, and often
smoked and ate the flesh. Hilkiah Willis and my
father killed one, the meat of which weighed about
five hundred pounds. The skin was glossy black, and
they sold it for twelve dollars. It would now l^e
worth forty dollars, at least. The bears in the sum-
mer months had their wallowing places, near which
they were in the habit of standing upon their hind
legs, and marking, or registering, their utmost height
by biting the bark on some chosen tree. The bear
may be said to be extinct in Wayne county.
THE GRAY WOLF.
The common gray wolf, originally found in all the
Northern States, traversed every hill, and howled in
every swamp. Being wholly carnivorous, he killed
and devoured every animal that he could overpower.
The first settlers found it absolutely necessary to keep
sheep to supply them with wool, from which, l)y hand
labor, they manufactured their winter-clothing. The
wolves hunted the deer in packs, but the deer, when
not impeded by snows, often ran to the rivers or
ponds and escaped. But sheep and young cattle could
not thus escape, and if not watched l)y day and se-
curely folded by night, were sure to fall a prey to the
wolves. It w^as said by the old farmers that witli all
their watchfulness, thev lost vearly one-eio^hth of their
sheep by wild beasts. A law was passed the lOtli of
March, 1806, requiring the county to pay to the per-
son producing the scalp of a full-grown anoK or pan-
THE PANTHER. 45
tlier, eight dollars, and for the scalp of a young whelp
or cub of the same, four dollars; another act was pass-
ed the 16th of March, 1819, raismg the bounty on a
full-grown wolf or panther to twelve dollars, and on a
whelp or cub of the same, four dollars.
The farmers and hunters, encouraged by the boun-
ty laws, made constant war upon th^ir enemies. But
the wolves were cunning and suspicious, and were not
often caught in traps. Esquire Spangenberg and
Charles Kimble walked one down in two days and kill-
ed him ; and Alva W. l^orton, Esq., with a companion,
pursued and walked down two Canadian black wolves
and shot them, but these were exceptional cases. Old
hunters used to say that wolves, having made a de-
scent upon a flock of sheep and satiated their hunger,
at once put off upon a long tramp, as experience and
instinct taught them tliat they were not safe to re-
main long near the scene of their depredations. Pur-
suit was generally una^^ailing. After many years they
were all exterminated. Fhineas Teeple, a famous
hunter in Manchester, prol)ably killed the last one
heard of in the county.
THE PANTHER.
The panthers, though less numerous than the wolves,
were more to be dreaded because they could climh
over any fence that could be built. They often sprang
from their covert lairs and caught sheep in the day-
time. I once saw one spring from a thicket and kill
a sheep in the public road near the place where Geo.
46 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Foote afterwards l)uilt a house. A iieiglil)or came
along and frightened tlie beast away before he had
tinished his meal. The carcass of the sheep was taken
for bait, a trap was set in a spring near by, and the
panther canght. About the year 1809, Joseph Wood-
))ridge, Esq., of Salem, bought eleven choice sheep.
He kept them in a lot near his house, and built a
high fence around a pen, in which to keep them dur-
ing the nights. He came to my father's one morning
greatly excited, saying that some animal had been in
his pen and killed the most of his sheep, and sucked
the blood from their throats. The finding was that the
killing had been done by a panther, and the sentence,
"immediate death.'" A large mastiff dog soon treed
the murderer, and my father shot at him with a mus-
ket. The monster fell down the tree wounded and
fought desperately and almost killed the dog, but he
was iinally overcome. Several hunters said it was
the largest panther they had ever seen or heard of.
Its claws were sent to Connecticut to show the
Yankees what kind of monsters the settlers had to
contend with in the beech woods. IN^ot being a rov-
ing animal, the panther was much sooner destroyed
than the wolf. If there is one left in the county, he
must live in the most desolate places. It is almost
safe to say that the panther has in these parts bec^ome
extinct.
The marvelous stories sometimes told about bears,
wolves, and panthers, without provocation aggressively
attacking men, women, or children, should l)e received
THE DEER. 47
with many grains of allowance. That fear of man,
seemingly impressed on the brute creation by a Higher
Power, restrains them from committing any sncli
violence.
THE DEER.
These most useful of all the wild animals were onc^e
the most numerous. They were shy and retiring, del-
icate in form, fleet as the race-horse, with sight and
heai'ing intensely acute. They were called red in the
summer and gray in the winter. Their skins were val-
uable only when in the red coat. Throughout the
whole species the males have horns which are shed and
renewed yearly, increasing in size and the number of
their branches, at eacli renewal, until a certain period.
Their flrst antlers appear in their seciond year and are
straight, small, and simple, and are shed in the succeed-
ing winter. Though the Indians were dependent
chiefly upon the flesh of the deer for food, and on their
skins for raiment, they were careful not to kill them
wantonly or Avhen they were with young; consequently
when the whites came into the county, they found the
deer bounding over every hill or grazing in every
grassy valley. They were as necessary to the subsist-
ence of tlie whites as they had been to the Indians.
Their flesh was not eaten when killed in the winter
season, unless necessity compelled its use, for tlie ani-
mal in hard winters fed upon the laurel which im-
parted a poisonous principle to the meat. In view of
this fact and to prevent a wanton destruction of tlie
deer, an act was passed in 1760, making any person
48 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
liable to the payment of a line of three pounds, who
should kill or destroy any deer between the first day of
January and the first day of August in envh. year, and
the law was generally respected. Almost all the early
settlers kept guns, many of them muskets of the old
"Queen Anne's Arms," as they were called, which l)e-
ing loaded with buck-shot when discharged were dan-
gerous at both ends. All guns, muskets, and rifles had
flint-locks until about fifty years ago, when they were
superseded by percussion powder and caps. Hunting
was followed, in order to procure necessary food. Some
few men made it profitable, or pursued it fi*om an ac-
quired passion for dangerous adventures. Some per-
sons are doul)tful whether white deer w^ere ever found
among our common fallow deer, but it is a fact. About
fifty-five years ago a hunter in Sterling township, sold
the skin of a white deer to William T. Noble, a mer-
chant at Noble Hill. As the animal was a very large
one, Mr. Noble regretted that he could not have had
it as it was before it was skinned, so that it might have
]>een stufPed and preserved, as it was a male and had
huge antlers. The flesh of the deer, called venison, in
the fall months was delicious. It was often dried or
smoked mthout being salted, and called fresh junk.
The skins were worth from fifty cents to one dollar.
Deer often w^ent in flocks of twenty or thirty in num-
ber. After rifles came into use, al)out 1810, the num-
ber of deer l)egan to fail. For forty years they were
hunted, trapped, and chased to ponds by dogs, where
thev were assaulted and killed bv the hunters who
THE ELK. 49
overtook them ^v^tll canoes. From year to year de-
clining in numbers, they have become so scarce that a
hunter might rove a month without finding one. If
not now extinct in this county, they surely Avill l)e in
a few years.
THE ELK.
This noble animal, considerably larger than the
common deer, which otherwise they very much resem-
ble, never was very numerous ; still in early days they
were found in some parts, especially in Canaan and
Clinton, by reason of which a large tract of land in
those townships containing 11,526 acres was named
"Elk Forest." It is said that the elk sometimes at-
tained the height of five feet, and that they did not
attain their full growth until they were twelve years
old. When full-grown their antlers are very large
and spreading. Charles Stanton killed one in Canaan,
the horns of which weighed twenty-five pounds and
their length and spread was each four feet. Asa Stan-
ton now has the horns, which are distinguished for the
broad palmation of the antlers. By nature the elk is
shy and timorous and scuds away at the sight of man.
When brought to bay or standing in defense, however,
like all the deer kind, he is a dangerous antagonist.
His weapons are his horns and hoofs, and he strikes so
forcil)ly with his feet that he can kill a wolf or dog with
a single l)low. It is then that the hair on his neck bris-
tles up like the mane of a lion, which gives him a wild
and f(^rmidal)le appearance. In winter he lives by
browsing upon the laurel and srnall l)oughs of trees, and
7
50 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
in the summer upon the wild grass in the swamps.
The usual pace of the elk is a high, shamhling trot,
but when frightened he makes w^ondrous leaps and
goes with a tremendous gallop. In passing through
thick woods he carries his horns horizontally or thrown
hack, to keep them from being entangled in the branch-
es. He is an excellent swimmer, and in summer re-
sorts to the lakes and ponds and stands in the water, to
escape from the bites of the flies and mosquitoes. Asa
Stanton, of Waymart, says that his father had seen
twenty or more at one time standing in the Elk pond.
What became of all the elk is not known. Probably
they retired to the westward at the advance of the
whites. Hunters did not boast of killing many of
them. The meat of the animal is* delicious, and the
skin very valuable. The elk is easily domesticated.
It was the pride and glory of the hunter to kill them.
The county of Elk was erected in 1843, at which time
there were some found in the great forests, but they were
soon all destroyed. Probably there are not ten men
living in Wayne county who ever saw one in our for-
ests. The last one heard of was killed fifty years ago.
THE BEAVER.
This animal challenged the Indian's veneration and
the white man's admiration. They were found along
most of the main streams, and especially along the
Wallenpaupack, the Lackawaxen, and the head-waters
of the Lehigh. Like the elephant they w^ere half-rea-
soning animals, lived together in societies, and tenanted
THE BEAVER. 51
the ponds, rivers, and creeks. Where the creeks were
not of sufficient depth, they built dams, to deepen the
water beyond the power of frost. Asa Stanton, who
understood them well, says : "They built houses of wil-
lows, birch, and poplars, their aim seeming to be to
have a dry place to sleep, lie, and, perhaps, eat in.
Sometimes the houses had several compartments which
had no communication with each other except by wa-
ter, and when finished had a dome-like appearance."
In building dams, or houses, they carry stones and
mud under the throat, by the aid of their fore-paws.
Their trowel-shaped tails are used as rudders and pro-
pellers and not, as has been supposed, for the carrying
of mud and for use as a trowel. They generally work
in the night. Though they are classified with the Ro-
dentia, or squirrels, yet their teeth are different; for
such is the strength and sharpness of their teeth that
they can lop off a bush as thick as a cane at one l)ite,
and do it as smoothly as if cut with a knife. I have
seen trees that had been gnawed down by them, six
inches or more in diameter. It attains its full growth
at, or before, its third year. It produces from two to
six at a birth. The length of its head and body is
about forty inches, and its tail one foot. They live
upon the bark of the willow, birch, shaking asp, and
other trees which they gnaw down, drag into the wa-
ter, and, for winter use, cover up in the water below
the reach of frost. The Indians attached great value
to the skin of the beaver, and they had occasion to ex-
ercise all their sagacity to capture them; the wliites,
52 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
also, dulj appreciated the fur of the animal, from which
hats of great value were manufactured. The guns and
traps of the white men finally effected their extinction,
and tradition has it that near the depot of the Erie
railroad below Honesdale, was killed the last beaver
ever seen in Wayne county. The last one that I ever
saw, w^as caught in a trap by Edmund Nicholson, of
Salem.
THE MARTEN.
This animal, generally called Pennant's marten,
though never very abundant, was found in Wayne.
They were carnivorous and l)elonged to the weasel
tribe, living upon squirrels, mice, and birds. Their
teen inches. The fur was short on the head, l)ut in-
creased in length tow^ards the tail.
THE RACCOON.
This animal is to be found about farms in the vi-
cinity of forests. The body is about fifteen inches in
or ten inches, the latter being ornamented with several
whitish rings. Tlie color of the back is a dark gray.
The blacker the fur, the more valuable is the skin.
The late Franklin Barnes in his time dressed and man-
ufactured the skins into beautiful and valuable gloves.
They are hibernating animals, that is, they burrow in
the winter and lie in a torpid state, sometimes coming-
out during a thaw. They go in very fat and come out
very lean. They prey upon small animals, 1)irds. in-
THE WOODGHUCK AND HEDGEHOG. 53
sects, and eggs, adding frnits and suecnlent vegetables
to their diet, and especially ravaging the farmer's corn-
fields. There is no difficulty in taming a raccoon, but
they become too mischievons to be endured. The fur
was once extensively used in the manufacture of hats.
THE WOODCHUCK,
Called also the Maryland marmot, is too well
known to need nuich description. He is a hibernating
animal and lives upon clover, grass, and vegetables.
When tamed he is harmless and fond of caresses. In
tlie month of I^ovember, he goes into winter quarters,
blocks up his door, and lies torpid, without eating, un-
til spring. When he comes out, the severity of win-
ter is past. He is of a grayish-brown color. Occa-
sionally one may l)e found that is intensely black. The
teeth of this animal show that he belongs to the Ro-
dentia, or squirrel tribe.
THE HEDGEHOG.
It is known by naturalists as the Urson, or Canadian
porcupine, but it is altogether different from the Eu-
ropean, or African porcupine. The hedgehog has but
one kind of spines or quills, which are thickly set over
all the superior parts of its body and covered by a
coarse, long hair that almost conceals the quills,
which are of different lengths, the longest not being-
over two and a half inches. These, however, form a
coat of armor which protects the animal against every
enemy but man. When attacked they roll themselves
54 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
up into a ball, and woe be to the animal that seizes
them then. The hedgehog lives upon mice and frogs
and upon vegetables and the bark of trees, and hiber-
nates among rocks and in caves. It has been tamed
and kept in a cage, but they cannot be honestly recom-
mended as suitable pets for children. The Indians
highly prized the animal both for its flesh and quills;
with the latter they ornamented their pipes, moccasins,
and dresses.
THE SKUNK.
This animal is almost black, with white stripes. It
generally lives near a rocky forest, having its den in
an excavation in the ground or under rocks, where it
lies dormant most of the winter. It is a pest, as it
makes nocturnal visits to the poultry-yard, eats the
eggs of geese, ducks, and hens, and destroys their
broods. From a sack it discharges a most fetid and
disgusting fluid secretion, one drop of which is sufli-
cient to make a garment unbearable for years. Not-
withstanding all this it was the opinion of Dr. Budd,
a noted physician of New Jersey, that the musk of the
skunk will yet be recognized as the most effective
remedy in materia medica, for the cure of phthisis oi-
any cognate disease of the respiratory organs.
THE OTTER.
This animal, in consequence of its amphibious na-
ture, is nearly allied to the beaver, mink, and musk-rat.
It is about Ave feet in length, including the tail, which
is eighteen inches. The chin and throat are dusky
THE MUSK-RAT. 55
white; the rest of the body is a histroiis brown. The
fur is vahiable, so mucli so that the keeping and breed-
ing of the otter, for the sake of their skins, has been
made profitable. More than fifty years ago Miss Polly
Wright, a daughter of Nathan Wright, had a tame
otter. (The Wright family were noted for their skill
in taming animals.) I saw the animal several times at
the house of Egbert Woodbridge, where Miss Wright
lived. This fellow went wiiere he pleased, and caught
liis own food. He would go to the Paupack, a half
mile distant, at all times of the year, and often bring
home a fine trout, take it to a large spring near the
house, play with it as a cat does with a mouse, and de-
vour it when he had finished his gambols. No one
could coax a fish away from him, although he w^as as
playful and harmless as a kitten. His smooth, glossy
skin was very beautiful. He had a winding hole un-
der the house where he would lie, and where he seem-
ed to take a roguish delight in biting the nose of every
dog that attempted to interview him. After living
several years in a state of domestication, he went away
one summer and never returned.
THE MUSK-RAT.
Old hunters used to (;all this animal a '' musquash."
tail nine inches. The fur is dark umber brown, chang-
ing into a brownisli yelloAV on the under part of the
l)ody. In Slimmer its food consists of roots, tender
shoots, and leaves of aquatic plants, and, in the win-
56 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
ter, of fresh-water clams. It is iioetiirnHl and not of-
ten seen in tlie day-time, swims and dives well, and can
remain a long time under water without breathing. It
yearly builds a winter habitation out of mud and long
grass, and lives about small, grassy ponds, nniddy,
slow streams, or swamps. Many of the skins are year-
ly exported.
THE MINK
In its habits and appearance resembles the otter,
being much smaller, however, as it is only about twen-
ty inches in length. It lives al)out bog meadows,
ponds, or sluggish streams, and feeds on frogs, tish,
and clams, and will kill poultry in the winter if it can
get at them. Its depredations are all nocturnal. Six-
ty years ago the skin of a mink was worth only a
York shillino'. A few vears ag-o it was worth several
<lollars, l)ut since that time their value has greatly
depreciated.
THE WEASEL.
This animal with all its varieties is classified with
the marten. They are cunning, silent, and cautious,
and no animal exceeds them in agility. They can
climb trees and follow the rat throuo:h all his wind-
ings; having seized their victim, they never relax their
hold, but, iixing upon the back of the head, drive their
teeth through the skull. They hunt day and night
and are accused of killing poultry and destroying their
eggs. There are several varieties. The skin of the
most common kind is brown on the back, and white
THE SQ UIRliELS. 57
on the belly and tliroat. The white kind is called the
ermine weasel. The movements of all the varieties
are singvdarly gi'acefnl.
SQUIRRELS.
The black squirrel, never very abundant, is yet to
l)e found in the vicinity of chestnut forests. In the
winter its skin is of a fine, glossy black. In some
years numbers of them are seen in the woods ; at other
times they cannot be found. They are not as large as
they appear to be ; their skins are of little or no value,
and they are killed to gratify a morbid propensity to
shed blood. The gray squirrels are larger and more
numerous than the black kind, and remarkable for
their beauty and activity. Like other squirrels it
feeds upon all the nuts found in the woods and lays
up a store of them for winter. It is easily tamed
and is then cunning, playful, and mischievous. The
common red squirrel is one of the boldest, most nimble,
and thievish of all the rodents. He often lives in a
liollow tree, and when he has a litter of young squir-
rels on hand, he will run up and down his tree, and,
with a rattling chatter, scold and threaten any crea-
ture that approaches his home; for this cause he has
been called a chickaree. He does not appear to dig
up the planted corn, Ijut steals and carries it away in
the fall. The Indians called these squirrels tree-plant-
ers. A solitary (chestnut, hickory, or butternut tree
is found a mile away from any of its kind. The In-
dians believed that the seed of such isolated trees was
58 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
c.arried and planted by the red squirrel. It may l)e
that the animal is impelled by the impulsive power of
instinct to plant trees for the future support of its
race. This squirrel overmasters all the others, driv-
ing them from their holes and consuming tlieir hoard-
ed stores. When pursued it makes long leaps from tree
to tree. Its tail is long and adds much to the beauty
of this interesting, sylvan rover. When dnven by hun-
ger, it will live on the bark of trees. Flying-squir-
rels are scarce. The skin of their sides is extended
from the fore to the hind legs, tlie expansion of whi(ih
forms a sort of s:dl that enables them to descend from
one ti*ee to another. They build their nests in hol-
low trees, and are the smallest of all the squirrels.
The upper parts are ash color and the under parts
white. Their skins are soft and silken, eyes large,
black, and prominent. The ground-squirrel, or (chip-
munk, is the most abundant of all squirrels ; it lives in
hollow trees or in holes in the ground, digs up corn in
the spring, and steals it fi*om the ear in the fall. This
is the laboring squirrel, ever busy and active; he
lioards up abundance of nuts and gi^ain which other
squirrels steal from him, whenever they can get at his
garnered treasures. It is the way of the world; tlie
laboring class are subject to have their acquisitions
taken from them by the crafty and improvident.
THE WILD CAT.
There are several varieties of tin's animal, one of
which reseml)les the Canadian lynx, and among our
THE FOX. 59
liunters is called a catamount. It is larger than the
wild cat and has longer ears and a shorter tail. Tlie
whole tribe are carnivorous, living upon squirrels and
mice. They are cowardly in disposition, but, when
forced into a light, defend themselves with bloody
desperation.
THE FOX.
This animal, noted in fable and in song and known
in all the northern parts of Europe and Asia, as well
as in all the northern portions of the American Con-
tinent, consists of many varieties, all of whicli are cel-
ebrated for cunning and rapacity. The variety most
common in Northern Pennsylvania is the red fox. Its
fur is long, fine, and brilliant. It is a great thief,
troublesome to poultry keepers, and does not scruple
to devour small lambs, if they are found in its way.
They are caught in traps and hunted by hounds and
men, yet there are some of them still left. There is
another kind called the gray fox, whose fur is not of
much value. The most rare and valuable variety is
the black, or silver fox. This variety is sometimes
found of a rich, deep, lustrous black, the end of the
tail alone being wliite ; in general, however, the fur
has a silver hue, tlie end of each of the long hairs be-
ing white, and presenting a beautiful appearance.
The hunters no sooner find out the haunts of one of
this scarce variety than they use every art to catch
liim, as the fur fetches six times the price of any oth-
er kind.
60 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
THE . HARE.
This is one of the most innocent and defenseless of
all animals, and its only chance to escape from its ene-
mies is l)y concealment or flight. It is remarkably
swift, and when pni'sued is capable of making most
astonishing leaps. It lives on the bark and buds of
trees, in the winter, and upon tender herbage, in the
summer, seeking its food in the night. From Decem-
ber to May this animal is white, excepting the red-
dish-brown of the ears. During the rest of the year
the upper parts of the body are of a lead color.
This hare has one peculiarity that has escaped the
notice of zoologists. In the night, after some mild
day in early spring, a strange sound is often heard in
the woods, resembling the filing of a saw, which
sound, it is generally believed, is made by a ])ird,
which, consequently, has been named " saw-filer." Now
this strange sound is not made by a bird, but l)y the
male and female hare. This I know to be a fact, hav-
ing stood, on a bright moonlight night, within two
rods of the animal when the sound was made. Sam-
uel Quick, of Blooming Grove, assured me that he
sounds.
THE RABBIT.
This animal closely resembles the hare in all its
principal characteristics, size only excepted. It may,
however, be at once recognized by the comparative
shortness of the head and ears, as well as of the hinder
limbs, and the absence of a reddish-brown tip on the
THE RABBIT. 61
ears, trnd by the brown color of the upper surface of
the tail. In habits it is different from the hare. Its
flesh, instead of l)eing dark and highly-flavored, is
white, and, though delicate, is said to be insipid, es-
pecially that of tlie tame l)reed. The animal is decid-
edly gregarious, and makes extensive burrow^s, in
wliich it dwells and rears its young. When alarmed
it takes to its burrow and disappears as by magic.
They produce three or four litters annually. The
young, when first produced, are blind, naked, and
helpless. The female forms a separate burrow, at the
bottom of which she makes a bed of dried grass, lin-
ing it wdth fur. There she deposits her young, care-
fully covering them over every time she leaves them.
It is not until the tentli or twelfth day that the young-
are able to see. The ral)]nt is of a fulvous gray, and
does not turn white.
62 HISTORY OF WAVNF (JOUNTY.
N
CHAPTER Y.
BIRDS'.
O part of nnimated nature is enlivened with any-
thing more interesting than hirds. Their great
diversity of forms, habits, and instincts ; their phimage
always attractive, often gorgeous and rich with varied
colors; their singular endowments by which they are
enabled to navigate the air ; their ingenuity displayed in
the construction of their nests ; their songs and chants, —
all combine to throw a halo of enchantment around
them, w^hich will ever iind place in our memories.
Thomas Jefferson, in his "Notes on Virginia," upon
many subjects is full and exhaustive; but when he
comes to write about the birds, he merely gives us a
catalogue of their Latin and English names, without
any description of their plumage and peculiarities.
This neglect his readers very much regret, when re-
flecting upon the descriptive ability of the noted au-
thor. Although destitute of the descriptive powers of
that eminent writer, we shall attempt to give a general
description, imperfect though it may be, of some of the
])irds which have frequented, or, which do yet fre-
quent, the flelds and forests of Wayne county.
Birds are either carnivorous, insectivorous, graniv-
orous, or onmivorous, and their digestive organs ;u'e
THE EAGLE, HA WK, AND KINGFISHER. 63
modilied accordingly. Of the lirst kind are the eagle,
hawk, kingfisher, owl, heron, and loon.
THE EAGLE.
That the eagle has been seen and killed in Wayne
county may be a fact; but that it has ever made its
aerie in our hills and mountains is questionable, as it
ever l)uilds its nest upon precipitous cliffs, higher than
any that exist in tlie county.
THE HAWK.
Tlie great hen-hawk is well known to all farmers,
as they are subject to have their domestic fowis de-
stroyed by liim. When he can iind no other food he
catches the garter-snake and sails about with it at a
great lieight, sometimes letting the reptile fall, as if
disgusted w^ith his prey. His sight is intensely acute;
he spares no bird that he can catch, and is the terror
of all the smaller tenants of the air, excepting the king-
])ird and the purple martin, who drive him from the
vicinity of their nests. The pigeon-hawk in habits is
like the larger kind.
THE BELTED KINGFISHER
Is found along the Delaware and other large streams.
He has a loud, rattling voice. His sight is remarkably
acute. From a tree near his frequented stream he will
descend like a dart, seize upon a fish, carry it to his
tree, and devour it, or convey it to his young. This
bird sometimes lives in an excavation in some sand bank
64 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
where its nest is made, to which it returns year after
year.
THE OWL.
This bird, once very nnnierons, was found in all the
dark solitudes of the deep woods, and in the night
made such sounds as seemed s(?arcely to l)elong to this
world. Attracted hy the dazzlini>: iire-li«:ht of the
hunter, he would, from some near tree, utter a sudden
and friglitful "waugh-0, waugh-(),'' sulhciently loud to
alarm an army of men. In the same manner lie star-
tled tlie belated traveler of the night. The Indian
must have learned his terrific war-whoop from the owl.
By way of variety, the wretch had otlier noctin-nal
soh)s, which were like the screeches of a mortal in in-
tolerable agony. Dr. Richardson, an English traveler,
tells of the winter night of agony endured by a party
of Scotch Highlanders who had encamped in the dark
recesses of an American forest, and fed tlieir hre with
a part of an Indian toml) which had been placed in a
secluded spot. The startling notes of tJie great owl
broke on their ears, and they at once concluded that a
voice so unearthly, nnist be the moaning of tlie spirit
<jf the departed, whose repose they supposed they had
distm-])ed. The Indians dreaded the l)oding hoots
of tlie owl and f<u*bade the mockery of his ominous,
dismal, and almost supernatural cries. He is the sym-
l)ol of gloom, solitude, and melancholy. He lives
on all lesser birds and animals that he can surprise, and
will destroy all poultry that he can reach. All his
depredations are nocturna.l. He builds a great nest in
THE HERON AND LOON. 65'
some forked tree, lines it with grass and feathers, and
raises three or four owlets at one brood. Occasionally
one is heard in some large forest, bnt the most of them
have been killed by hunters. There is a small kind
called the screech-owl which is of habits like the one
above descri]:)ed.
THE HERON,
Frequently called the night-heron, is peculiarly
aquatic, has legs, wings, and neck longer than his body,
and sometimes attains the height of Jive feet. He is
both migratory and gregarious. He is a great lisner-
man and seems satisfied with any kind of fish he
can catch. He makes his nest of sticks upon the tall-
est trees and when disturbed emits a loud, piercing
cry. Sometimes he is improperly called a crane, which
bird lives near the seashore.
THE LOON.
This bird, which is called the great diver, is scarcely
noticed by any of our ornithologists. It is altogether
aquatic and never seen upon land. Formerly it fre-
quented our large ponds and was in the habit of pass-
ing from one pond to another. Five or six of them
would make their passage together, flying very high
and emitting a distressing cry resembling that of a per-
son shivering with cold. It can swim lifty rods under
water, and so intensely acute is its sight, that it can,
by diving, dodge the ball of a flint-lock rifle. Its food
is flsh and frogs. Its nest is built of coarse grass on
some bog about a pond. Its color is bluish on the
9
66 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
])ack and wings, while the breast is nearly white. It
is smaller than a goose and has a swan-like neck. Its
feet l)eing webbed, its movements are very graceful in
the water.
THE AMERICAN SHRIKE.
This bird is occasionally found in the beech woods
and in other parts of Pennsylvania. The beak is
strong, decidedly toothed, and the upper mandible is
curved and shuts over the under mandible, which is
nearly straight. He feeds on grasshoppers, dragon-
flies, and small birds. He takes his prey like the fly-
catchers, by darting suddenly upon it from some post
of observation, and, after satisfying his hunger, impales
his remaining victims on thorns. When his supply of
game is abundant, he leaves his stores to dry up and
decay. He is bold and fearless, daring even to attack
the eagle or hawk in defense of his young. In size he
exceeds the kingbird. His tail is long and black, edg-
ed with w^hite. The wings are black, and there are
stripes of black running backward from his eyes. The
rest of his plumage is of a lead color, the breast being
paler than the back.
THE CROW.
This bird, watchful and cunning, is too well known
to need much description. He is found everywhere
and he understands his enemies just a1)out as well as
they do him. He incurs the curses of the fanner for
pulling up his corn in the spring, and for feasting upon
the ripened ears in the fall. Great flocks of them meet
THE WILD TURKEY, 67
together in the spring and autumn, and, at their conven-
tions, seem to deliberate over their concerns with true
legislative solemnities, intermingled with a liberal
amount of parliamentary jabber and jaw. The character
and plumage of the crow are both black, and it is an un-
settled question among agriculturists whether he is a
blessing or a curse, — w^hether he is more sinned against
than sinning. It must be admitted that being omniv-
orous he destroys the larvae of many injurious insects
and beetles.
TRE WILD TURKEY.
These birds, never very numerous, were found in
our original forests sixty or seventy years ago, and
were shot by hunters or decoyed into pens made of
poles and covered over on the top, a trail of wheat be-
ing strewn upon the ground into the pen. The turkey,
with his head down followed the trail into the trap, and
upon raising his head endeavored to escape through the
spaces between the poles, not lowering his head to see
the opening at wdiich he entered. Many were caught in
this way, and all in consequence of holding their heads
too high. Finally upon the invasion of the forests by
the ax of the white man, being of a shy and retiring
nature, they left for the more undisturbed forests of
western Pennsylvania. They are natives of America.
Being easily domesticated they were introduced into
Europe as early as 1525. The nature of the bird may
be inferred from the domesticated kind, though it is
claimed that the wild bird is much larger than the
tame one, and tliat the flesh is of a more delicious flavor.
68 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
RUFFLED GROUSE.
This is the bird called a partridge, and is so liardj
as to live in oiu- woods through our long, dreary win-
ters, when, at times, it burrows in the snow. The
food of the grouse consists of seeds, berries, ^^^ld
grapes, and the buds of various trees. Their nest is
made upon the ground, and they often rear a brood
of twelve or fifteen chicks from one incubation. Up-
on what the young are fed is unknown. The male is
a noble looking bird, and while his mate is sitting,
(and at other times,) he seeks out some secluded log,
and, by the flapping of his wings, produces a very
peculiar sound called "drumming." They are de-
stroyed by hawks, owls, and foxes, but their most re-
lentless foe is the hunter. The present law imposes a
penalty of ten dollars upon any person who shall kill
any ruffled grouse, between the tirst day of January
and the first day of October in any year.
THE QUAIL,
Also called the Virginia partridge, is found through-
out the Atlantic States. They live on grain and in-
sects. In former times, when the farmers stacked out
their hay and grain, they were quite numerous. The
scarcity of food, combined with the severity of our
winters, has made them very scarce. In some respects
they resemble the ruffled grouse, in others they vary
materially. The grouse roosts in trees, and is shy
and untamable. The quail roosts or sits on the
ground, and, if unmolested, will feed with domes-
THE WOODCOCK. 69
tic fowls, and it is believed that tliey might be domes-
ticated. Any person killing the quail between the
lirst day of January and the lifteenth day of October,
in any year, is by law subject to a penalty of ten dol-
lars. Why not interdict the killing of them at any
time ?
When calling his mate the male has a peculiar
whistle. By some he is imagined to articulate the
words, " no more wet ; " by others, the words, " ah 1
Bob WJiite." What boy is there that has lieard his
whistle who did not try to imitate it ?
' ' The school-boy wandering in the wood,
To pull the flowers so gay,
Starts, his curious voice to hear,
And imitates his lay."
THE WOODCOCK.
This l)ird resembles the English snipe, or woodcock,
though it is less in size, and differently marked. In
the day-time they keep in tlie woods and bushes, but,
towards evening, seek wet and marshy ground, where
they find their food. They seldom stir about until
after sunset. It is then that this bird ascends spirally
to a considera1)le height in the air, often uttering a
quack, till, having attained his utmost height, he flies
around in circles, making a gurgling sound, and in a
few moments descends rapidly to the ground. If
started up in the day-time, his flight at first is wal)-
bling, then in a direct line, when he is shot by tlie
sportsman.
70 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
THE WILD DUCK.
There are so many varieties of this bird that it is
difficult to determine what is the name of the kind
that is found in our rivers and ponds, and whicli sixty
years ago were found in large flocks, in the Little
Equinunk pond, from which circumstance it was called
" Duck Harbor." It is one of the largest ponds in
the county, and old hunters used to say that the ducks
often resorted there in immense numbers. Being
shy and wary, as soon as they were annoyed by the
hunters, the most of them left for safer quarters. Their
peculiarities are like those of the tame kind. The
wood-duck, however, is, in some respects, unlike all
others. It formerly lived along the Middle creek, and
perhaps in other parts of the county ; unlike other
ducks, it builds its nest in hollow trees near the water,
and if the young cannot reach the water with ease,
the mother carries each one to it in her bill. Audu-
bon called this kind the most ])eautiful duck in the
world.
THE THRUSH.
The bro^vn thrush, or brown thrasher, as it is called
in New England, is the largest of all the numerous
kinds of thrushes. His morning song is loud, cheer-
ful, and full of variety. His notes are spontaneous,
not imitative. His back and wings are brown and his
breast whitish, mottled wdth dark spots. His tail is
long and fan-shaped. He flies low from one thicket
to another- This bird has become very scarce, and
may have left the county altogether.
THE ROBINS AND CAT-BIRD. 71
THE ROBIN
Is classified among the tlirushes, and is often called
"robin-red-breast." But our robin is larger than the
English robin-red-breast, and is unlike it in habits and
plumage. Our robin builds a nest of mud and lines
it warmly, locating it in an orchard or in some tree
near the habitation of man, its four or live eggs being of
a pale blue. During the incubation of the female,
and, at other times, the male, sitting upon some chosen
tree, pours forth his loud and long-continued notes of
"cheer-up, cheer-up, cheer-up," producing an enliven-
ing effect upon the most dejected heart. It is one of
our earliest birds, and is among the last that departs
for warmer climes.
THE WOOD-ROBIN
Is a solitary l)ird of the thrush order, never leaving
the woods, and but little is known of them. Their
notes are short and mournful, but not often repeated.
Their plumage is of a light snuff color. All the thrush-
es are chiefly insectivorous.
THE CAT-BIRD
Is also ranked among the thrushes. Their nests are
built in low bushes, and, when holding their young,
are ably defended against all intruders. Both sexes
are of a uniform slate color. Upon coming near their
nest, they emit a cry which resembles the mewing of
a cat. The song of the male is loud, varied, and
imitative.
72 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
THE PIGEON.
These, of all birds, are the most gregarious. They
liv in flocks and build their nests near each other, many
of them on the same tree, and thousands of them in
the same forest. A tract of land called " The Pigeon
Roost," in Berlin township, sixty years ago, was one
of their favorite places of rendezvous. Then they
overspread this region in immense flocks of thousands.
They lived upon the beech-mast. Since that time they
liave steadily decreased in numbers, until they have
almost ceased their annual visits. Perhaps the great
wheat flelds of the West have allured them thither.
Their rapidity of flight and ability to remain unflag-
gingly upon the wing for many consecutive hours, is
wonderful. Pio-eons have l>een cauo-ht in Wavne coun-
ty with undigested rice in their crops, Avhicli they must
have eaten on the rice-flelds of the South. ^' 'Tis true,
'tis strange; but stranger 'tis, 'tis true." Once they
were caught in nets 1 )y hundreds, but now they are not
caught at all.
THE WOODPECKER.
There are many kinds of these birds, the largest of
which is the " high-hole, " so called from his ha])it of
seeking a higli tree with a dead top, in which he makes
a hole for his nest. His food consists of insects and
gi'ubs, which he digs out of decayed timber. Like
his whole tribe, he flies by alternate risings and fallings.
He may be called the drummer among l)irds. In a
still morning he beats a reveille upon some dead tree,
THE BLUEBIBD AND SWALLOW, 73
wlii(*h can l^e heard far away for a mile or more ; then
he claps his head close to the tree and listens for the
movement of any grub or insect that he may have
disturbed. The red-headed woodpecker is a gay, frol-
icsome bird, living upon grubs, cherries, and green corn.
They are a match for any bird in a iiglit. There is a
small woodpecker called a sap-sucker, which bores holes
in apple-trees. The wliole race is diminishing in
numbers.
THE BLUEBIRD.
This bird is a favorite every- where. He is known to
almost every child. His reappearance after his South-
ern pilgrimage is li ailed as the herald of returning
spring. " So early as the first of March," says Wilson,
"if the weather be open, he usually makes his appear-
ance about his old haunts, the barn, orchard, and fence
posts. Storms and deep snows sometimes succeeding,
he disappears for a time, but about the first of April
is again seen, accompanied by his mate, visiting the box
in the garden, or the hole in the old apple-tree, the
cradle of some generations." The food of the bluebird
is made up of insects, particularly large beetles, fruits,
and seeds. Its song is short, but very cheerful, and is
most frequently lieard in the calm, pleasant days of
spring.
THE SWALLOW.
As the bluebird is the harbinger of spring, the swal-
low is the harbinger of summer. The barn-swallow
10
74 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
comes in May and immediately commences the build-
ing of its nest in and about barns and sheds, which is
made with mud and lined with tine grass, feathers, and
hair. It is not unusual for twenty or thirty of them
to build in and about the same barn ; and every opera-
tion is carried on with great order. No appearance of
discord is exhibited in this affectionate community.
They have often two broods in a season, the female
laying four eggs for each brood. The male cheers his
mate with his sprightly twitter during her period of
incubation. The activity of the male is unremitting.
Almost constantly on the wing, he catches his prey in
his flight, whicli consists wholly of winged in-
sects. The flight of the barn-swallow is rapid, circuit-
ous, and varied by tlie most intricate and zigzag evolu-
tions. To show the kindly nature of the swallow, per-
mit me to relate that I once knew two pair of swal-
lows to commence their nests late in the season, in a
place not fifty feet from my door. At first the nests
increased slowly. One morning, hearing an uncom-
up a bee and that ten or a dozen w^ere at work upon
said nests which w^ere quickly completed; a brood
of young swallows w^as raised in each, in time to join
the great convocation which took their departure in
August for a Southern clime. Another variety of these
birds is the chimney-swallow, which builds and breeds
in chimneys. They fly very high in \\\e air. Their
wings being very narrow are kept in a (constant flutter,
and as they do not descend to the ground, they must
TRE PURPLE MARTIN AND KINO BIRD. 75
feed on flies and insects which are beyond the reach of
our vision.
THE PURPLE MARTIN.
This bird is a particular favorite wherever he makes
his home. He is more likely, than the common swal-
low, to make his nest in a box; indeed something like
a box is what he seeks to build in. At any rate the
summer residence of this agreeable bird is always
chosen near the liabitations of man, who, be he black
or white, civilized or savage, is generally his friend
and protector. In habits, this noble bii-d closely re-
sembles the swallow, excepting that tlie martin is val-
iant in flght. He is the terror and common enemy of
crowds, hawks, and eagles, uniting with the kingbird in
attacking them. It is astonishing with what spirit and
audacity, this bird sweeps around his enemy and in-
flicts painful blows with his poniard l)ill. He gives
the kingbird a beating when he finds him in the vicinity
of his premises. He is migratory and insectivorous.
THE KINGBIRD.
This bird is also called the tyrant fly-catcher. These
names have been given to him on account of his l)e-
havior in breeding time, and for the despotic authority
he assumes over all other birds. His extreme attach-
ment to his mate, nest, and young, makes him suspi-
cious of every bird that comes near his chosen abode,
so that he attacks every intruder without discrimina-
tion. Hawks, crows, and even the eagle dread an en-
countej* with him. He generally comes off conqueror.
76 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
LTpon his return from a successful combat, he mounts
a tree near his nest and commences rejoicing with a
shrill, rapid, and hilarious twittering, to assure his mate
that she is safe under his protection. The purple mar-
tin is said to be, in a square fight, more than a match
for him. TJie general color of tlie kingbird is a slaty
ash, the throat and lower parts being white. He is
migratory and insectivorous, and the orchard is his
favorite resort.
THE WHEN
This noisy, chattering, restless, quarrelsome little
bird chooses his summer abode near some farm-house
or barn, and is not particular as to the place where his
sacred to him. He is a bold, saucy, and aggressive
bird, being jealous of every l)ird that builds near him,
and is accused of tearing to pieces the nests of the
bluebird and barn-swallow. If his nest is built in a
crevice, he lays down a long trail of little sticks at each
end of his nest. These telegraphic sticks convey intel-
ligence of the approach of an intruder. The song of
this little chatterer is lively and agreeable. Children
always admire the little, sociable wren. He destroys an
immense numl)er of flies and insects.
THE WHIP-POOR-WILL.
This bird is seldom seen or heard in the beech or
hemlock woods. They prefer high, dry ' lands, and
frequent the Delaware and the open woods. They
are noted for their staid and peculiar song, in wliicli
THE COW-BIRD. 11
they indulge during the cahn and warm niglits of
June and July. This is the only l)ird that breaks
the stillness of our summer nights, save the l)oding
owl. They seem to articulate plainly the w^ords by
which they are called. Their color, in the upper
part, is a dark brownish gray, streaked and slightly
sprinkled with brownish black; cheeks of a brow^n
red; quill feathers, dark brown, spotted in bars, witli
light brown ; tail feathers, white at the tips, under parts,
paler than the upper, and mottled. The female lays
her eggs on the bare ground, and when they are hatch-
ed, she is extremely attentive to her young.
The night-hawk, though resembling the whip-poor-
will, is a different bird. The latter is altogether noc-
turnal, while the night-hawk in cloudy weather is
often abroad, in the day-time, chasing its insect prey,
sometimes skimming over meadow and marsh, and
making shrill, squeaking sounds as it dashes along. It
lays its eggs on the ground. It is migratory and in-
sectivorous.
THE COW-BIRD.
This bird, although larger than a cat-bird, some-
what resembles it. Many call it the cuckoo, although
its notes are altogether unlike those of the English
cuckoo, which distinctly pronounces its name. But
the notes of the bird that we are describing may be
represented by the words "cow, cow, cow,"' quickly
repeated, consequently it is called cow-bird in every
part of the country. Wilson calls this bird the yel-
low-billed cuckoo. Like tlie Eno^lish cucko(j, this bird
78 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
deposits its eggs in the nests of other birds, which
sometimes hatch and rear the alien impostors, to the
sreat discomfort of their own hrood. The naturalist,
Le Yaillant, from evidence collected b)" him, became
convinced that the female cow-bird carries the eg^ in
her mouth from her own nest to that of another bird.
Perhaps she has a surplus of them, for it is a fact that
the cow-bird l)uilds a simple, flat nest, composed of
dry sticks and grass. They rear only one l)rood in a
season. The young of the cow-bird have been found
in the nests of the robin, blue-bird, and fly-catchers.
The cooing of this bird is considered an indication of
rain. The Pennsylvania Germans call it the rain-
bird.
BLUE JAY.
This bird, clad in blue varied witli purple and white,
and barred on the wings and tail with black, when
viewed without prejudice, is a beautiful tenant of the
woods, and is distinguished as a kind of beau among
the feathered tribes. He makes himself conspicuous
by his loquacity, and the oddness of his tones and
gestures. In early times, the jay gave notice by his
screams and squalling to all the beasts that the hunter
was approaching. We are glad to be excused from
repeating the exact language that was sometimes used
in imprecating vengeance upon this ''blue devil," as
the hunters called him. If the hunter turned upon
him, away he went with a vehement outcry, flying off
and screaming with all his might. " A stranger," says
Wilson, " might readily mistake his notes for the re-
THE ME ADO W-LARK AND CEDAR-BIRD. 79
peated creakiDgs of an ungreased wheelbarrow." The
jay builds a large nest, lining it with fibrous roots.
The eggs, live in number, are of a dull olive color.
He is omnivorous, living on nuts and Indian corn,
then on caterpillars, and then, at other times, he plun-
ders the nests of small birds of their eggs and young.
He is becoming scarce, and no one will mourn over
his extinction,
Larger than the robin, is a shy, agreea})le bird, that
comes up from its Southern home and stays from two
to three months and returns. Its back and wings are
marbled with brown and gray, and its breast is light
olive, sprinkled with brown spots. The nest is made
in tall grass and is so well concealed that it is seldom
found. Its notes are pleasant, but without variety.
Farmers consider it harmless and insectivorous.
THE CEDAR-BIRD
Is small and graceful with a soft, silken, dun-colored
plumage. The feathers on the head are elevated into
a beautiful crest of a bright, brownish gray. It is
generally known as the cherry bird, and is sure to be
on hand as soon as strawberries and cherries are ripe.
It is a peculiarity of these birds to fly in close, compac-t
flocks of twenty or tliirty in a flock, and for all to light
upon the same tree. Where the red cedar is found,
these birds feed upon its berries. About the 10th of
June they disperse over the country in pairs to breed.
80 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
and spread through tlie Middle and Western States.
They utter nought but a lisping sound.
THE BALTIMORE ORIOLE.
Fifty years ago this bird was scarcely seen or known
in the beech-woods. In consequence of the increasing
heat of our summers it is multiplying in numbers. It
derives its name from the brilliant orange and black
colors of the coat of arms of Lord Baltimore, In
former times it was called the hang-bird from the hang-
ing and pensile position of its nest. This beautiful
creature arrives among us about the first of June, and
departs early in August. In plumage it somewhat re-
sembles the dark-winged tanager, and like it is very
sensitive to cold. It exhibits wonderful ingenuity in
constructing its long, pouch-like nest in the forked ex-
tremity of some high tree. To be justly admired, the
nest must be seen. The position chosen by the oriole
for its pensile nest is, no doubt, prompted by instinct
as a means of security against squirrels, snakes, and
other enemies. Besides insects it feeds on strawber-
ries, cherries, and other fruits. Its notes are a clear,
mellow, iiute-like wliistle repeated at short intervals in
a plaintive tone, and are extremely musical. The late
Mrs. II. G. Otis, some years ago, took to Boston an
oriole's nest, which was constructed with magical skill,
and sold it at a fair for live dollars. The nest was built
in a liigli elm upon lier premises in Bethany.
THE SNOW-BIRDS
First appear al)out the twentieth of October in
THE NUT-HATCH. 81
flocks of twenty or thirty, flying about very leisurely
and searching for food. When deep snows cover the
ground, they collect about barns, stables, and even
about the farm-houses, and become almost tame, gath-
ering up crumbs and appearing lively and grateful.
They retire north w^ards in April. Dr. Kane speaks of
them as being very abundant in high latitudes, where
they make their nests upon the ground. Their length
is five inches, and their general (;olor slate-gray, the
lower part of the breast being nearly white. There is
anotlier larger bird, called tlie snow^-bunting, which
only appears in small flocks, in the depth of winter,
commonly before a snow-storm. They frequent barn-
yards and hay -stacks in search of hay-seed. The color
of these birds is of a yellowish gray. They probably
are timorous, suspicious birds.
THE NUT-HATCH
Is found almost every-where in the Northern States,
among the large trees, in thick forests, but is seldom
known or called by its proper name. It is a small
bird about five or six inches in length, with a wdiite
breast, the back and wings being rufous-brown and
gray. It l)reeds in holes which it finds or makes in
old trees, and lives upon beech-nuts, chestnuts, and
hazel-nuts, wliich it can open with its strong pointed
bill. Any man who has been much in the woods
must have observed a bird that can run swiftly, head-
foremost, down a tree. That bird was a nut-hatch.
11
82 HISTORY OF WAYNE GOVNTY.
He must have noticed tliat the same bird was
in the liahit of running in (drcles around a tree,
searching in the seams of the hark for insects.
Naturalists declare that this bird is of an untamable
disposition and will not endure (-ontinement. It has
been known to batter up its bill in its attempts to es-
cape from a cage, and after days of painful struggles,
to die wdth exhaustion and vexation. There is a variety
of this bird called creeper. Among them is a very
small one called the phelje-bird, which will some-
times come and repeat its name from some tree near
a dwelling-house.
There is another creeper, called "cocheek," which
is seldom seen, but is sometimes heard in the woods,
most frequently in June, repeating in a very high,
ioud key "cocheek, cocheek, cocheek," very rapidly
for a dozen or more times, and the sounds can be
lieard eighty rods away. Some have supposed that
tlie noise is made by a squirrel, but I know to the
contrary from my own observation.
THE RUBY-THIIOATED HUMMING-BIRD.
Tliis is the only species of the genus found in the
original Thirteen States, though there are scores of dif-
ferent kinds in America. It is found only on this con-
tinent. It needs no lengthy description, as it cannot
l)e mistaken for any other bird. It comes to the North
only in the summer months. It is tlie smallest and
one of the most brilliant of the feathered race. No
1)ird excels its powers of flight. Its long and narrow
THE SONO-SPAEROW. 83
Its flight from flower to flower resembles that of a bee,
l)nt is much more rapid. It can suspend itself in one
place for several seconds so steadily that its wdngs can
scarcely be seen, while it thrusts its long l)ill into the
flowers, to inhale their nectared sweets. When it
alights, it prefers some small twig. The ground is
never its resting place. It feeds not only upon the
nectar of flowers but also on insects. In describing this
bird, naturalists have exhausted all their skill. Buifon,
the French ornithologist, obtained these birds at great
expense and domesticated them, and his description
of tliem is inimitable.
THE SONG-SPABBOW.
This bird is a representative of the song flnches of
the Northern States. It is the first singing bird in the
spring, and is heard through the summer and autumn.
It will sit upon the branches of a small tree and, per-
haps, for a whole hour, repeat its short and enlivening
notes. It builds its nest on the ground, in general, but,
sometimes, strange to say, in trees five or six feet from
the ground. Its eggs are of a cream-color, speckled
with brown. The male and female are nearly alike in
color. The upper part of the head is of an iron-rust
hue, mixed with dark-brown; back gray, neck and
breast spotted with brow^n, under parts white, tinged
with gray. There are other familiar kinds of finches
as the field, tree, w^hite-throated, and chipping-sparrow.
The latter is a very small bird, which keeps about the
84 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
kitchen yard unci tamely comes near the door-steps for
gram or scattered crum])s. It builds its nest by the
side of a stone, year after year, if not molested. It
picks out the down}^ seed of the thistle, and destroys
many worms, especially the cabbage-worm. Its notes
are short but agreeable. The English sparrows which
have been recently naturalized, wxre imported into New
York and Philadelphia to destroy the worms and cat-
erpillars that were destroying the foliage of the decor-
ative trees in their public parks. They effected wdiat
they were expected to do. These birds have increased
wonderfully and spread into all our large cities and
towns, and, though our climate is too cold for them,
yet they contrive to live, for they are l)old, active, and
full of light. They do not go into the farming dis-
tricts, nor invade the forests, but confine themselves to
towns and cities, where they work as petty scavengers
in the streets. These birds did not come here of their
own free-will, but, like the negroes, w^ere forced into
the country. But a loud complaint is now made that
these sparrows are saucy and aggressive and that they
are dispossessing and driving out our native birds, and
the inquiry is being made. How shall we get rid of
them? The devilish proposition has been made to
poison them all! It must be admitted that these birds
partake of the nature of the people of the island from
wdiich they came ; which people have, by their warlike
craftiness and enterprise, by fair means and foul, con-
quered, colonized, and taken possession of, by force of
arms, large portions of the globe. It little becomes
THE BLACK-CAP TITMOUSE. 85
us, the descendants of men who drove out and destroy-
ed the Aborigines, to bhime and persecute the little
bii'ds for doing, in their line, what we excuse our fore-
fathers for doing.
THE BLACK-CAP TITMOUSE.
This is the bird that every body knows by the name
of chickadee. It ranges through the whole width of
the American Continent from latitude sixty-five degrees
to the Southern districts of the United States, being
stationary throughout the year. "Small families of
chickadees," says Nuttall, "are seen chattering and
roving the woods, busily engaged in gleaning their
multifarious food with the nut-hatchers and creepers,
altogether forming a busy, active, and noisy group,
whose manners, food, and habits, bring them together
in a common pursuit. Their diet varies with the sea-
son. In the month of September they leave the woods
and assemble familiarly in our orchards and gardens,
and even enter thronging cities in quest of that sup-
port which their native forests now deny tliem." But
what more than any thing else endears these little birds
to us is the fact that when "winter spreads its, latest
gloom, and reigns tremendous o'er the conquered year,"
the chickadees prove themselves no summer friends ;
they stay with us, cheering ns by chanting their sweet
notes, picking up crumbs near the houses, searching
the weather-boards for spiders and the eggs of destruc-
tive moths, especially those of the canker-worm, which
they greedily eat in all stages of its existence. The lar-
86 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
vae of no insect can escape their searching sight. AVhen
the woodman, in the winter or spring, fells tlie forest
timber, the chickadees will be there to cheer him with
their presence and their song. They can hear the fall
of the tree a great distance, and are very soon upon
the spot, searching among the broken and decayed
Avood for insects and the larvae of everj kind of ])eetle.
In descril)ing the l)ird, suffice it to say, that the top of
the head, the back of the neck, and the throat are vel-
vet black ; the back is lead-colored with a little white
on the front of the neck. They roost in the hollows
of decayed trees, where they, also, liatch their young.
After a brood is reared, the whole family continues to
associate together tlirough the succeeding autumn and
winter. Where is the man or woman reared in the
country that does not remember how in childhood
days he or she was captivated by the dress and song of
THE TANAGER.
There are several varieties of this bird, one of which
is called the cardinal or smnmer red-bird. This kind
is very shy and timorous, and he seems to realize that
his dazzling, crimson plumage exposes him to scrutiny
and observation. He, therefore, takes up his abode
in the deep recesses of tangled forests, and very little
is known about him. In Western Pennsylvania and
Ohio this bird is quite common, often building its
nest in large orchards, and visiting cherry-trees in
search of fruit. The black-winged tanager is a l)ird
THE YELLOW-BIRD. 87
oi still greater beauty. The whole body is of a deep
crimson. The mngs are black and the tail is dark
purple, excepting the ends of the feathers, which are
tipped and dotted with white. The whole form of
this l)ird is symmetrical and faultless. There are
many persons who declare that they have seen this
bird, but none, perhaps, that have seen him for many
years. He is doubtless, so far as plumage and symme-
try are concerned, the most beautiful bird that ever
lived in our woods ; and no being less than an omnipo-
tent God could have made a bird of such transcendent
beauty.
THE YELLOW-BIRD,
Also called goldlinch, very much resembles the
domestic canary. In tlie spring they gathei* in flocks
and bask and dress themselves in the sunshine. If
there is any such thing as pure sublunary happiness,
they appear to enjoy it. Their song is weak, but,
when many of them join in concert, the mingling of
their notes produces an agreeable harmony. They
seem to take great delight in washing themselves by
flying through any small column of falling water.
Tlieir flight is not in a direct line, but in alternate ris-
ings and sinkings. In the early part of June they
associate in large flocks to feed upon the seeds of the
sweet-scented vernal grass which seems to be their
favorite food. Their nests are built in small trees,
being constructed with great neatness and skill and
lined with some soft, downy substance. This hand-
some ])ird does not appear to be decreasing in mmi-
88 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
hers. It is too small to invite the destructive cruelty
of the huntsman.
Tliere is anotlier l)ird which is called the summer-
yellovv-bird, which is about live inches in length, with
an upper plumage of greenish-yellow, the wings and
tail deep brown, edged wdth yellow. Formerly this
bird frequented gardens and orchards, built a cosy
nest and lined it wdth down. Its plumage was showy,
l)ut its song was short and weak. This bird has dis-
appeared, being too sensitive to bear our cold, chilling
winds.
THE CROW BLACK BIRD.
This bird appears in every part of the connti'y at
different times. Formerly they committed great havoc
among the fields of midze. Less complaint has been
them are seen every spring and fall. The walk of
this bird is stately and dignified. The red-winged
variety built its nest among alders, hatching out five
or six at a brood. This latter kind was also very
fond of Indian corn. They all have but one simple
note which they often repeat and which sounds like
the word " check."
The bobolink is classified among the blackbirds,
being mostly l)lack, i-elieved by a stripe of white.
The song of the male, Avhich is loud, varied, and re-
peated generally upon the wing, while he hovers over
the field, where his mate is attending to the duties of
THE DIPPER, 89
incubation, has a gushing joyousness which the most
skillful mimic cannot imitate. Tlie female is a little
brown bird, with one simple note, and makes her nest
in the grass. Tlieir stay at the North is very short;
on leaving they go to Chesapeake bay and are there
called reed-birds ; thence to the rice fields of the
South, where they are called rice-birds, and, on
becoming fat, are killed in great numbers.
THE DIPPER.
This is a timorous, high-stilted, little water-bird that
in summer runs along the shores of our ponds, making
a piping sound, and belongs to the order of sandpipers.
He swdms and dives well and is very graceful in the
water, but when on land is constantly rocking his body
backw^ards and forwards, dipping his head downwards,
from which motion he has been called the dipper.
Although we have searched for the nest of this sliy
bird, we never found one.
There are probably some other birds that are tran-
sient visitors among us, such as the flicker, the scrap-
ing-thrush, and cross-bill. Even the mocking-bird has
been seen in Lebanon township. The greater part of
the l)irds that come among us in the summer months,
stay just long enough to build their nests, hatch, and
rear their young and then are away. They come, in
all prol)ability, to escape from the snakes, squirrels,
and l)h'ds of prey which are so abundant in Southern
climes. The vivid, l)ewitching greenness of our forests
12"
90 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
lias, no (loiil)t, great attractions for tliem. Our En-
gl i si i and Irish people assert, and, no donbt, truthfully,
that in their native islands the hirds of song exceed
ours in numbers and melody, but that the American
birds surpass theirs in the beauty of their plumage.
How delightful is the scene, when we can say: "The
winter is past, the flowers appear upon the earth: the
time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of
the turtle is heard in our land."
Since writing the foregoing, we have had the pleas-
ure of seeing an interesting collection of the skins of
divers quadrupeds and birds prepared and preserved
by that ingenious taxidermist, Lewis Day, Esq., of
Dyberry. All the preparations have a life-like appear-
ance. Among the quadrupeds are a bhick Maryland
marmot, a large hedge-hog, and two martens; and
among the l)irds are some rare and beautiful specimens,
all killed in Wayne c<3unty , as follows : A large Amer-
i(^an shrike, by some called the butcher-bird ; a cardi-
nal gross-beak, a rare bird in this latitude; a strange,
tall ])ird, with long legs and ^\it\i a longer neck, of a
mottled gray, in slang language called a " shikepoke,"
Mud not very distin(;tly described by any of our orni-
thologists, resembling in plumage and sliape the bird
known in England as the l)ittern ; a black-winged taiia-
ger ; a meadow-lark ; a bird of the sandpiper order,
{jailed a "tip-up" ; a small black auk, which must have
wandered from its ocean home. But strangest among
them all is a white woodpecker, a hrsns naturoe. The
liead of this bird is ornamented with a crest of long,
FISH. 9 1
slender featliers of a rich carmine color, and, were it
not for its plumage, it would be at once recognized as
an ivory-billed woodpecker. In Mr. Day's collection
are many other rare specimens. Such is his love of
the beautiful in nature, that we feel assured he will
make further additions to his stock of rare curiosities.
What we have written about birds has been done in
part to incite our young people to study the nature and
habits of these light tenants of tlie air, which we con-
sider the most interesting creatures in animated nature.
If there be any one that is indifferent to the songs
of the birds, to that person, male or female, will apply
the words of Shakespeare :
"The man that hath no music in himself,
Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds,
Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils ;
The motions ol his spirit are dull as night,
And his affections dark as Erebus ;
Let no such man be trusted."
CHAPTEE YI.
FISH.
THE Ush for which the settlers had the most reason
to l)e thankful was the trout, which enlivened all
the streams from the Paupack to the StarruccM, and
92 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
wliicli, in the spring and summer months, afforded an
abundance of cheap and wholesome food. The man
that went fishing fifty or sixty years ago, if he had
any skill or industry, did not throw^ away his time, if
he attached any value to twelve or twenty pounds of
the most l)eautiful fish. As a rule this fish was
more abundant in the smaller than in the Ijigger
streams, where they were larger in size, often attain-
ing a weight of one or two pounds. The trout could
ascend any water however swift and any falling col-
unni of water which was not deflected or broken by
falling on rocks. Hence they ascended the several
falls of the Paupack. This the eels coidd not do,
and, consequently, there were none above those falls.
If there are any there now, they have been carried up
within fifty years. Ephraim Killam, formerly of Pal-
myra, Pike county, used to tell how he, standing in
one place, had caught forty pounds of trout in one
hour, from and above a large mass of drift-wood in
the Paupack. But saw-dust from the saw-mills, the
liquor from the tanneries, the droughts of our sum-
mers, and the more destructive fish-hooks have almost
effected the extinction of this beautiful and valuable
fish. A few of them, small in size, and smaller in
quantity, may yet be caught in small brooks and
mill-ponds, early in the season.
Before the introduction of pickerel into our ponds,
thirty or forty years ago, perch were alnmdant, were
easily caught, and the flesh was hard and of an
agreeable flavor. In some of the ponds tliey yet
FISH. 93
abound; but, in general, tlieir numbers have been
greatly diminished hj the voracity of the pickerel.
Perch and sunlish are rarely found in running streams.
Catfish are found in almost every pond, and, if the
water is pure, are a good fish. Eels are found in all
the large streams except the Paupack. Chubs, suck-
ers, and mullet abound in some streams and ponds.
Seventy-five years ago shad ascended the Delaware to
Deposit, and were caught below there, at the mouth
of Shadpond brook. Joseph Atkinson, Sen., used to
tell of seeing them caught at Paupack Eddy, and
Esquire Spangenberg, of seeing them, in spawning
places, between the mouth of the Dyberry and the
Henwood bridge.
It is to be hoped that the enterprise and experi-
ments of A. W. McKown, Esq., w^lio, at much trouble
and expense, has introduced the northern black-bass
into several of our large ponds, will succeed in and
satisfy liis expe(!tations. Any fish that can hold their
own against the voracity of the pickerel, will be a
valuable addition. It is contended that the fecundity
of the bass is wonderful, that its flesh is of an agreea-
ble flavor, and that it is not so easily caught as to in-
vite the unskillful to pursue it to extinction. These
are, if true, very important recommendations. The
pickerel in many of our ponds have eaten up all the
other flsli and even de^'oured their own progeny, thus
leaving the ponds destitute of all fish of any value.
94 'HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
CHAPTER VIL
- V^ REPTILES.
THE most dreaded and venomous of all tlie snakes
in the Middle States is the rattlesnake. It is often
ionnd along the high, dry, open woods of the Dela-
, ware and Lackawaxen ri^'ers, and on the Moosic
m'omitain ; but never in the beech, hemlock, and ash
woods — at least we never found one in the interior of
the beech woods. Popular belief assigns to the
leaves of the ash-tree properties most repugnant
and fatal to this snake. If the leaves of the ash
have such an effect upon this reptile, the matter should
]>e inquired into by scientific and medical men. Rye
whiskey, applied externally and internally, is pro-
nounced to be a sure antidote for the bite of tliis
snake. The philosophy of the matter is, that the
patient must take more poison than the snake had in
him. The dose for an adult is one quart of pure
whiskey, but, as this can seldom be found, one pint
The black, water, green, and garter snakes, and spot-
ted adder or milk snake are not venomous, and it is
thought by many that they ought not to be killed
wantonly, as they destroy many liurtful vermin.
INSECTS. 95
CHAPTEK YIII.
INSECTS.
riIHE insects which abound in Wayne connty are
J- tliose usually found in the Middle States, in the
same latitude, and consist of bees, wasps, hornets, but-
terflies, moths, ants, crickets, flies, grasshoppers, beetles,
etc. These are so well known that no particular de-
scription of them is necessary. The honey-bee is the
only one of special interest, owing to the large amount
of honey produced annually in the county and to its
l)eing an important contribution to the resources of
the people.
THE HONEY-BEE.
Thomas Jefferson, in his ''Notes on Virginia," in-
forms us tliat the early settlers at Jamestow^n brought
over lioney-bees from England ; and that previous to
tliat time, they were unknown in America. The bees,
with amazing rapidity. They were a great w^onder to
the Indians, who called them "the white man's fly."
There is a kind of stingless bee in Guatemala, in Cen-
ti-al America, which lays up its honey in long, thick,
opaque cells closed at both ends. But tlie honey lias
96 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
not tlie flavor, nor the (^ells, the beauty of those pro-
(hiced by the European honey-bee. The pioneers in
Northern Pennsylvania fonnd tlie bees in advance of
them. I have heard my father say that, in 1803, he
found fourteen bee-trees which averaged eiglity pounds
of honey to each tree. The hollow trees which the
l)ees cleared out and iitted for tlieir abode, seem to be
peculiarly iitted for them. Like tlie Indians they seem-
ed to deliglit in the great, glorious, primitive forests.
In early times at least one quarter of the settlers kept
bees. But as the country was cleared up, and the maple
and basswood were cut down they became less profita-
ble and prolific, and were infested by a. white miller,
that laid its eggs in and under the bottoms of the
hives, whi(?h, in tlieir gnat or worm state surroimd
themselves with a web and devour the young and the
combs. The first settlers kept their bees in straw
hives, which have been superseded by hives made of
wood. The keeping of l>ees in Wayne county is
made a speciality at the present time. Among the
persons who are devoted to the business are Sydney
Coons, of Lebanon, William Manaton, of Clinton,
Mortimer E. Lavo, whose apiary is in Mount Pleas-
ant, George Leonard, of Salem, Jacol) Sclioonover, of
Dyberry, George Wild, of Paupack, and others.
Some keep them merely to have h(mey for their own
use.
And here we are prompted to inquire, from
whence does the honey-bee, including all its orders,
derive its ability ;md wisdom wherewith to govern a
LAND TITLES AND SURVEYS. 97
community of thousands, directing some to gather
bee-bread, others to build the cells, others to feed the
young, and others to guard and ventilate the hive,
all carried on without discord or confusion ? Is not
the conviction forced upon us that they are under the
impulsive teaching of a God-given instinct ?
CHAPTER IX.
LAND TITLES AND SURVEYS.
THE Penn family, during the Revolution, were ac-
cused of l)eing adherents of the British Govern-
ment, and of withholding from the cause of liberty
that aid which they might have contributed thereto.
Consequently the General Assembly of Pennsylvania,
on the 27th day of November, 1779, passed " an act
for vesting the Estates of the late Proprietaries of
Pennsylvania, in this Commonw^ealth ; " in the pream-
l)le wliereto it is set forth, " that the claims heretofore
made by the late Proprietaries to the whole of the
soil contained within the charter from Charles II. to
William Perm, cainiot longer consist with the safety,
liberty, and happiness of the good people of this
Commonwealth, who, at the expense of- much blood
and treasure, have bravely rescued themselves and
13
98 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
their possessions from the tyrannv of Great Britain,
and are now defending themselves from the inroads of
tlie savages." The act did not eoniiscate the lands of
tlie Proprietaries within the lines of manors, nor em-
l)race the pnrchase-money dne for lands sold lying
within surveyed manors. Tlie manors, in legal ac-
ceptation, were lands surveyed and set apart as the
private property of the Proprietaries.
The titles to all lands sold and conveyed by William
Penn or his descendants were confirmed and made
valid. But the title to all lands in the Common-
wealth, which had not heen surveyed and returned
into the land-office, on or before tlie 4th of July, 1776,
was by said act vested in the State. Said act pro-
vided that the sum of one hundred and thirty thous-
and pounds, sterling money, slioidd be paid out of the
treasury of this State to the devisees and legatees of
Thomas Penn, and Richard Penn, late Proprietaries,
and to the widow and relict of said Thomas Penn, in
such proportions as should thereafter, by the Legisla-
ture, be deemed ecpiitable and just, upon a full inves-
tigation of their respective claims. No part of said
sum was to be paid within less than one year after
the termination of the war with Great Britain ; and
no more than twenty thousand pounds, nor less than
fifteen thousand pounds should be payable in any one
year. The land-office was begun by William Penn,
and, although changes have been made, from time to
time, in tlie method of accpnring title to vacant lands,
yet many features of the office, as it was in his day,
remain to the present time.
LAND TITLES AND SimVEYS. 99
A land-office by and under the act of 9tli of April,
1781, was created under the Commonwealth, its offi-
cers consisting of a secretary of the land-office, receiv-
er-general, and surveyor-general. Many acts of As-
sembly which were afterwards passed, enlarged, de-
fined, or limited the powers and duties of these officers.
By an act of the 29th of March, 1809, the office of
receiver-general was abolished, and his duties were
discliarged by the secretary of the land-office ; and by
the act of the 17th of April, 1843, this latter-named
office was discontinued, and the duties pertaining
thereto were performed by the surveyor-general. By
the Constitution of 1874, this office is noM' under the
charge of the secretary of Internal Affairs. It would
be impossible without much expense and research, to
name all the lands in Wayne county that v*^ere grants
under the Proprietaries. The following are admitted
to belong among them, viz: The Proprietaries' Man-
or, in Berlin, 1,001 acres; Safe Harbor, (Equinunk),
2,222 acres ; Shehocking Manor, in Buckingham, 520
acres; Elk Forest, in Old Canaan, 11,526 acres; on
the Paupack, in Wayne and Pike counties, 12,150
acres; in Lebanon, the Amsterdam and Rotterdam
Manor, 2,770 acres; the Damascus Manor, 4,390 acres;
the Jonas Seely tract in Berlin, of 8,373 acres, and
many other tracts not embraced in said Manors. In
short, all lands embraced in warrants issued, surveyed,
and returned into the land-office, before the 4th day of
July, 1776.
An act for opening the land-office for granting and
100 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
disposing of the unappropriated lands \Adtliin this State
passed April 1st, 1784, provided, ''that the land-office
shall be opened for the lands already purchased of the
Indians on the 1st day of July next, at the rate of ten
pounds for every hundred acres, with the usual fees of
granting, surveying, and patenting, excepting such
tracts as shall be surveyed westward of the Allegheny
mountains, etc. Every applicant for lands shall pro-
duce to tlie secretary of the land-office, a particular de-
scription of the lands applied for, with a certificate
from two justices of the peace of the proper county,
specifying whether the said lands be improved or not,
and if improved, how long since the said improvement
was made, that interest may l)e charged accordingly.
The quantity of land granted to any one person shall
not exceed four hundred acres," etc. The prices of
iniimproved land were different at various periods un-
der the several purchases made of the Indians. From
the 1st of July, 1784, to April 3d, 1792, the price of
unimproved wild lands was $26.66| per hundred acres in Wayne, Pike, Susquehanna, and other counties. By act of April 3d, 1792, the price of unimproved lands was fixed at$6.66f per hundred acres. The latter-
named act was repealed by act of 29th of March, 1809,
since which time the price of lands in the above-nam-
ed counties has been $26,66| per hundred acres. The laws passed relative to State lands were numerous. Under said laws the surveyor-general, or the officer acting in that capacity, was authorized to appoint a deputy-surveyor in each and every county. George LAND TITLES AND iSURVEYS. 101 Palmer, of Easton, was the depiitj-surveyor appointed for Wayne and Pike counties, and most of the State lands were surveyed and located by him in said coun- ties, and were made before there were any permanent settlements. As the greater part of the names of the eleven or twelve hundred persons named as warrantees on our county maps, are strange and unknown, it has been supposed that many of those names were fictitious, which supposition is erroneous. The persons named were those that made the original applications. Some of the lands were taken up by tlie early settlers. Witness the names of Evans, Skinner, Thomas, Little, Smith, Allen, Hays, Land, and others in Damascus, and of Seely, Torrey, Woodward, Brown, Bingham, Day, Brink, Ball, Scudder, Moore, Taylor, and many other well-known names, in other parts of the county. The law allowed the applicant to take up four liundred acres, with an allowance of six per cent, for roads, but in consequence of inaccuracies in surveys, the law or practice of the land-department, allowed ten per cent, surplusage. After the estal)lishment of the land-office under the auspices of the Commonwealth, many per- sons were deluded by the belief that it w^ould be profit- able for them to take up a tract of land for their own use, or for their children, or for the purpose of speculation. But lands taken up, from 1780 to 1800, were not in demand, and could not be sold at a profit ; and many, who, at the time when they took up tracts, designed to settle upon them, on a view of the hard- ships to be endured in a region destitute of roads, 102 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. schools, and churches, were deterred from carrying then' original designs into execution, and at last sold out their wild possessions to the large land-holders, or suffered their lands to l)e sold for taxes. The land- department suffered applicants to take up lands with- out paying the purchase-money, or fees, or granted ^varrants on which only a part was paid. Such lands ])eing located, surveyed, and returned by the deputy- surveyor, were subject to taxation, and lia])le to be sold every other year for taxes. Hundreds of tracts were thus sold biennially. In the beginning and during the progressive settlement of the county, the greater part of the wild lands were held and sold bv laro:e land- owners. Jason Torrey w^as the agent of the following named persons and their executors, viz : Henry Drink- er, Thomas Shields, Edward Tilghman, Mark Wilcox, Samuel Baird, L. Hollingsworth, Wm. Bell, Heirs of James Hamilton, Thomas Stewardson, George Yaux, Thomas Cadwalader, Thomas Astley, and several othei* persons, not large owners. From well-authenticated evidence it appears that Jason Torrey, who was a na- tive of Willi amstown, Mass., came into Mount Pleas- ant, in 1793, when scarcely twenty years of age ; while working there for Jirah Mumford, Samuel Bidrd, of Fottstown, Pa., came to Kellogg's and at once appre- hending the natural ability of the young man, engaged him in assisting to survey some land on the Lackawax- en and some other parts of northern Pennsylvania. Samuel Baird was the deputy-surveyor of Luzerne county. LAND TITLES AND SURVEYS. 103 From the experience tlins afforded him, Mr. Torrey became an expert and ready sm-veyor. Patronized by Mr. Baird, the above named land-holders committed the care and sale of their lands in Wayne and Pike counties to Mr. Torrey, they, however, in all cases, lixing the prices and the conditions under which their respective lands should be sold. The implicit confi- dence which they reposed in him was never withdrawn. He re-surveyed and re-marked the old tracts, and sub- divided them into lots to suit the convenience of pur- chasers. He made his siuweys with great care and ac- curacy, and though, as in duty bound, he looked well to the interests of his employers, yet he was ever just to the purcliaser, always giving him full measure, and taking pains to be well assured that the lands he sold had been duly patented, so that the purchaser should be in no danger of being involved in litigation about his title. Suffice it to say that Jason Torrey knew more about the titles and the location of lands in Wayne and Pike counties than any man then living, and he made more sales than all other agents combin- ed. He compiled and published a map showing by numbers the location and quantity of every warrantee in Wayne and Pike counties, which map has been of indispensable service to assessors, and to the commis- sioners of said counties, and to all persons desirous of knowing the location of unseated lands. In 1827, Ja- son Torrey gave up the agency of the greater part of the lands which had been committed to his care, and it was given to Henry P. Stilley, who was a relative 104 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. of some of the large owTiers, and came from Philadel- phia, to obtain a knowledge of matters relative to the surveys and sales, and spent six years in the office of Jason Torrey, l)efore he became familiar with the manner in which the l>iisiness liad formerly been done. Mr. Stilley lived pretty fast, and found use for all the money that he obtained from the sale of lands, and (consequently paid nothing over to the owners. This led to his dismissal from all liis agencies, and in 1831, John D. Taylor, who had been a clerk in tlie office of G-eneral Thomas Cadwalader, of Philadelphia, was sent to Wayne county to take the agency for Cadwalader and several others. Mr. Taylor remained in the county some five or six years, attending to tlie duties connect- ed with his agencies, but, not finding \\\q business sat- isfactory, he gave it up and removed fi'om the county. As early as 1835 some of the owners placed their lands under the agency of Hon. John Torrey, of Hones- dale, and after the removal of Mr. Taylor, nearly all the unsold lands, which had been under Jason Torrey's care, were added to John Torrey's agency, without any solicitation from him or his father, and the justice and al^ility exercised by him as a land-agent, have never been disputed. The Shields lands, in Le])anon, Oregon, Berlin, and Damascus, and the Manor of Amsterdam and Rotter- dam were run north 10 degrees west or north, 12 J degrees west, while the lands in Salem, North Ster- ling, in most of South Canaan, and in part of Cherry Kidge were run nortli 50 degrees west, and in other LAND TITLES AND SURVEYS. 105 parts of the county, in divers other directions. Sam- uel Baird may have laid a few warrants, but George Palmer, as l)efore said, originally surveyed and located most of the lands in Wayne county, and his work was well done. Anthony Crothers was his successor. It is contended that he never came into the county, and that all his pretended surveys were made ])y sub-dep- uties, or made by his own fireside, and were called "chamber surveys."" At any rate they were many of them found to be very inaccurate. The north assumed by the original surveyors was not the true polar north, but had a western declination therefrom, of about two and a half degrees. This, however, would have made but little difference, if they had always run their lines upon the same meridian, at all times, and in all parts of the county, for then the variation would have been nearly alike, upon every survey. That they did not always adopt tlie same meridian is well known to all surveyors, who find the variation upon some lines to be four and a quarter degrees, upon others to be three degrees, and then upon others to be only one and a half. The present declination of the needle is now, according to the finding of Lewis S. Collins, Esq., our county-surveyor, seven degrees west of the polar north. It was once, if it is not now, a common l^elief , that the large land-owners realized great fortunes from, the sale of their wild lands, which was not the case. If to the price paid for the lands, were added the yearly taxes for forty or fifty years, and the compensation made to agents for watching said lands, and finally 14 106 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. surveying and selling them, the lands cost their own- ers more than they realized from them, and sometimes double. Hon. James Wilson, judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, owned more lands in Wayne county tlian any other man. He died in 1798, and liis lands were sold under a mortgage, and liis heirs found his estate diminished, rather than en- larged, by his land investments. Judge Wilson's lands upon the Paupack were pur- chased by Samuel Sitgreaves, of Easton, Pennsylva- nia, who sold them to the settlers at a very low price. Other lands taken up by Wilson, in Sterling, Salem, Canaan, and other parts of the county, fell into the hands of Tliomas Cadwalader and Edward Tilghman, of Pliiladelpliia. Henry Dnnker, of the same city, owned tlie most oi the lands in Dyberry and many tracts in Manchester and Buckingham. It will be understood that the person who obtained a warrant was called tlie warrantee. Upon paying the State treasurer the legiil price of the land, and the office fees, 84.50, the w^arrant was sent to the county-sur- veyor, whose business it was to survey the land within six months, make a draft and description, and, upon being paid for his services, make a return to the land- department. Then the warrantee, upon paying$10
to the land-department, would receive a patent for his
land. Then, if he had the first warrant, the first sur-
vey, and the first patent, the title was secure. The
land-department, for many years past, has required
the applicant for a warrant to make oath before a
JUDICIARY. 107
justice of the peace, of the proper county, touching
the condition of the lands as to its improved or unim-
proved state, and proving the same by a disinterested
witness, on his oath made before two justices of the
peace. The act of April, 1850, provided for the elec-
tion in that year and every third year thereafter, of
one competent person, being a practical surveyor, to
act as county-surveyor. The ottice is now merely
honorary.
Samuel Meredith owned the Amsterdam and Kotter-
dam Manor, in Lebanon, and many tracts in Mount
Pleasant and Preston, wliich, upon his death, descend-
ed to his heirs or devisees, and Thomas Meredith, his
son, took charge of the lands. Calvely Freeman,
Esq., was his surveyor. In 1830, Mr. Meredith mov-
ed to Luzerne county, and Mr. Meylert, a French-
man, took charge of the Meredith lands, and was suc-
ceeded by Michael Meylert.
The Elk Forest Tract, in Old Canaan, became the
property of Joseph Fellows, of Greneva, N. Y., who
made Hon. ]^. 13. Eldred his agent, who was suc-
ceeded by Hon. Wm. H. Dimmick, Sen. Moses Kil-
1am, Esq., divided the tract into one liundred or two
hundred acre lots. In different parts of the county
land lines were run without any general uniformity as
to direction. In the greater part of Scott, North
Lebanon, and Elk Forest, the lines were run upon a
meridian assumed to be north and south ; in Mount
Pleasant, north five or ten degrees west, with corres-
ponding right angles ; in parts of Buckingham and
108 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY,
Preston, north twentj-iive degrees west. Sometimes
warrants were issued Avhicli were never delivered to
the deputy county-surveyor. In other cases war-
rants were hiid, but the warrantees, failing to pay the
costs of surveying, no returns of the surveys were made
to the land-office. Sometimes the surveyors made re-
turns of surveys without going upon the land, by
naming some well-known starting point and giving
courses and distances. Tliese were called "chamber
surveys," which often interfered with former or subse-
quent actual surveys. Where the title to lands was
in the Commonwealth, the sale of the lands for taxes
of any kind gave the purchaser no title. The titles
to the lands sold by the aforesaid land-holders or their
agents, have never been successfully disturbed.
CHAPTEK X.
JUDICIARY.
UPON the erection of Wayne county, Thomas Mif-
flin, governor of Pennsylvania, under the provisions
of the Constitution of 1790, appointed four judges, viz :
Samuel Preston, first associate judge; John Pyerson,
second associate; Samuel C. Seely, third associate; and
John Biddis, fourth associate judge. These held the
JUDICIARY. 109
first court at Milford, in the house of George Buchan-
an, September 10th, 1798. At September sessions,
1803, Richard Brodhead took the phice of Samuel
Preston, resigned. At May sessions, 1804, the judges
presiding were Richard Brodhead, John Biddis, and
John Brink. The hitter had been appointed to supply
the phice of Samuel C. Seely, resigned. At May ses-
sions, 1806, John Spayd, the iirst president judge, of-
ficiated, assisted by Richard Brodhead and John Brink,
his associates. At April sessions, 1810, Robert Porter,
president judge, took his seat upon the bench and pre-
sided until and including August sessions, 1813. Jolm
B. Gibson, as president judge, first presided at Novem-
ber sessions, 1813, and continued until and including
April sessions, 1816, and resigned. Thomas Burnside
took his seat as president judge at August sessions,
1816, and continued until April sessions, 1818, and
resigned. The said John B. Gibson and Thomas Burn-
side were sul)sequently judges of the Supreme Court
of the State.
David Scott, as president judge, first presided at
August sessions, 1818, and continued to oliiciate until
February sessions, 1838, when, in consequence of ap-
proaching deafness, he resigned. His decisions were
held in high respect by the people and the Bar, as be-
ing the calm and honest convictions of a jurist who
always intended to dispense impartial justice to all.
William Jessup took his seat as president judge at
April sessions, 1838, and continued as such until Feb-
ruary sessions, 1849, when his commission expired un-
110 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY,
der tlie Constitution adopted in 1838. He was a man
of ability and discharged liis duties to the satisfaction
of the public.
Nathaniel B. Eldred, as president judge, commenc-
ed his first judicial labors in Wayne county, at May
sessions, 1849, and officiated until and including May
sessions, 1853, when he resigned, haying received the
appointment of naval collector of Philadelphia under
President Pierce. Geo. R. Barrett was appointed in
his place, and officiated as president judge, at Septem-
])er sessions, 1853. James M. Porter was elected presi-
dent judge in 1853, took his seat at December ses-
sions, and served imtil and including February ses-
sions, 1855, when, having been struck with paral-
ysis, he resigned. His legal knowledge challenged the
admiration of all jurists. His decisions and rulings
were submitted to without cavil, dispute, or exceptions.
Thomas S. Bell was appointed to supply the place of
Judge Porter, and presided at May and September
sessions, 1855.
In 1855, Greorge E.. Barrett was elected president
judge, and after a term of ten years' service was re-
elected in 1865, and officiated until September ses-
sions, 1871, having resigned in time to have a successor
elected in that year.
Samuel S. Dreher was elected president judge in
1871, first presiding at December sessions, 1871, and
continuing until and including December sessions,
1874, wdien the district having been divided by an
act of Legislature, he remained as president judge in
JUDICIARY. Ill
that district in which he resided. His commission ex-
pired mider the provisions of the Constitution of
1874, so far as this county was concerned.
C. P. Waller was elected in 1874, and was inducted
into office as president judge of Wayne and Pike
counties, January 1st, 1875, to serve for ten years.
Under the Constitution of 1790, the judges of all
the com-ts were appointed by the governor, wliich of-
fices they could hold during good behavior, and from
wliicli they could be removed only by impeachment or
by the governor, on the address of two-thirds of each
branch of the Legislature. Justices of the peace w^ere
in like manner appointed to hold their offices during
good behavior.
The amended Constitution of 1 838 continued the ap-
pointing power of the governor, subject to the consent
of the Senate, and as to the Judiciary, providing that
judges of the Supreme Court should hold their offices
for the term of fifteen years. The president judges of
the several courts were to hold their offices for the term
of ten years, and the associate judges to hold theirs
for five years, upon condition that all of said judges
should, during their respective terms, behave them-
selves w^ell, though subject to removal by impeachment
or by the governor as aforesaid. In 1850, the Consti-
tution w^as amended, and provided for the election of
the judges by the people.
Nathaniel B. Eldred was the first president judge
elected by tlie people, 1851, and James Mumford and
112
HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Thomas H. R. Tracy were the iirst associate jiulges
then elected.
ASSOCIATE JUDGES.
John Brodhead served from May, 1810, to Aug., 1814.
John Brink ''
Samuel Stanton ''
^ Al)isha Woodward "
Moses Thomas "
Isaac Dimmick "
James Manning "
Moses Tyler "
Virgil Grenell "
Oliver Hamlin "
James Mnmford "
Paul S. Preston ''
John Torrey '^
Thos. H. R. Tracy ''
Pliineas Howe "
James R. Dickson ''
Rodney Harmes "
J3utler Hamlin "
Wm. R. McLaury "
Isaiah Snyder ''
Phineas Arnold ''
F. W. Farnham . '^
Otis Avery "
John O'Neill
Henry Wilson '
Giles Green '
Otis Averv re-elected
May, 1810, to Aug., 1814.
Dec, 1814, to Aug., 1815.
Dec, 1814, to Jan., 1829.
Nov., 1815, to Jan., 1840.
Jan., 1830, to Aug., 1833.
Nov., 1833, to Aug., 1841.
Sept., 1840, to Sept., 1845.
Nov., 1841, to Sept., 1846.
Nov., 1846, to May, 1850.
Dec, 1846,. to Sept., 1856.
May, 1850, to Feb., 1851.
May, 1851, to Sept., 1851.
Dec, 1851, to Sept., 1856.
Dec, 1856, to Sept., 1861.
1856, to Dec, 1860.
1861, to Sept., 1861.
1861, to Sept., 1866.
1861, to Sept., 1866.
Dec, 1866, to Sept., 1871.
Dec, 1866, to Sept., 1871.
Feb., 1872, to Sept., 1872.
Dec, 1872, to Sept., 1877.
Dec, 1872, to Dec, 1875.
Feb., 1876, to Sept., 1876.
Feb., 1876, now serving.
Dec, 1877, " "
Dec,
Feb.,
Dec,
Dec,
COUNTY OFFICERS. 113
SHERIFFS,
Tlie Constitution of Pennsylvania., adopted in 1790,
provided that sheriffs and coroners, at the time of the
election of Representatives, should l)e chosen by the
citizens of each county, and that two persons should
be chosen for each office, one of whom for each re-
spectively should be appointed, by the governor, they
to hold their offi(?es for three years and until a suc-
cessor should l)e duly qualified, if they should so long
behave themselves; but no person was to be twice
chosen or appointed sheriff in any term of six years.
The election of two persons for the office of sheriff
was made void by the Constitution of 1838.
Thomas Mifflin, governor, in 1798, appointed Rich-
ard Brodhead sheriff, who served to 1801, after which
time, the following-named persons were chosen:
Daniel W. Dingman,
in
1801,
served
3.T
ears,
Abraham Mulford,
u
1804,
a
3
Abisha Woodward,
u
1807,
u
3
Matthew Ridgway,
a
1810,
a
3
Silas Kellogg,
it
1813,
a
3
Salmon Jones,
a
1816,
u
3
Solomon Moore,
a
1819,
a
3
Oliver B. Brush,
a
1822,
u
3
Joseph Miller,
a
1825,
a
3
Paul S. Preston,
a
1828,
a
3
Lucius Collins,
a
1831,
a
3
Josepli Miller,
a
1834,
a
3
Lucius Collins,
a
1837,
ii
3
15
114 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY.
Richard Lancaster,
in
1840,
served
3
years.
Jolm Mcintosh,
1843,
3
William F. Wood,
1846,
3
Oliver Stevenson
1849,
3
Thomas E. Grier,
1852,
3
James B. Eldred,
1855,
3
Wm. Turner,
1858,
3
Robert S. Dorin,
1861,
3
Jeremiah F. Barnes
1864,
3
Robert S. Dorin,
1867,
3
John H. Ross,
1870,
3
E. Mallory Spencer,
1873,
3
Perry A. Clark,
1876,
Joseph Atkinson,
1879,
now
serving.
PBOTHONOTARIES AND CLERKS OF THE
SE VERAL CO UR TS.
These officers, under the Constitution of 1790, were
appointed by the governors to hold their offices for
three years, but there was no constitutional restraint,
preventing their reappointment. Generally one and
the same person held all the offices, bnt that was op-
tional witli the governor. Under the Constitution of
1838, the said officers were elected l)y the people.
Whenever vacancies should occur they were to be
tilled ])y the governor, until another general election.
John Brodhead was appointed prothonotary, clerk of
the courts, and register and recorder, who, with John
Coolbaugh, held the said offices until 1808, ten years.
Eliphalet Kellogg,held said offices from 1808 to 1817.
Thomas Meredith, " " 1817 to 1820.
COUNTY OFFICERS. 115
Sheldon Norton, held said offices from 1820 to 1823.
/ John K. Woodward, " " 1823 to 1827.
Solomon Moore, " " 1827 to 1831.
George B. Wescott, " " 1831 to 1835.
PaurS. Preston, " " 1835 to 1838.
Leonard Graves, " " 1838 to 1841.
Abram Swart, " " 1841 to 1845.
P. G. Goodrich, " " 1845 to 1848.
Kufus M. Grenell, " " 1848 to 1851.
John Mcintosh, " " 1851 to 1857.
William F. Wood, " " 1857 to 1860.
John K. Jenkins, " " 1860 to 1863.
J. W. Brown, " " 1863 to 1866.
William H. Ham, " '' 1866 to 1869.
J. J. Curtis, " " 1869 to 1875.
Charles Menner, ^' " 1875 to 1878.
Charles Menner, re-elected in 1878 for three years.
BEGISTEliS AND BECORDERS.
Under the Constitution of 1790, the governors of
the State saw lit to appoint and commission one per-
son clerk of the several courts and register and recor-
der, but some of tliem deviated from the practice.
Hence Governor Shulze, in February, 1824, commis-
sioned James Manning register of wills, and, in 1827,
recommissioned him register and added thereto the
office of recorder of deeds, etc., and, in 1830, Governor
Wolf commissioned him as recorder. In January,
1833, the last named governor commissioned Isaac
P. Olmstead recorder, who held said office until
116 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY,
the fall of 1885, when Governor Ritner con-
ferred all of said offices upon Paul S. Preston,
who held the same until 1838, when a new Con-
stitution w^as adopted and David R. Porter elected
governor. The amended Constitution provided for
the triennial election , l)y the people, of prothonotaries,
etc., and registers and recorders. By an act of Assem-
]>ly, passed under the requirements of said Constitution,
in October, 1839, one person was to he elected clerk
of the several courts, and one person register and re-
corder, for and in Wayne county. John Belknap was
appointed register and recorder by Governor Porter,
for one year, after which the following named persons
were elected to hold said offices of register and recor-
der for three years each:
John Belknap in 1839. Wm. G. Arnold in 1860.
Thos.R.Mumfordin 1842. Michael Eegan in 1863.
H. B. Beardslee in 1845. Thos. Hawkey in 1866.
James R. Keen in 1848. A. R. Howe in 1869.
Curtis S. Stoddard in 1851. Charles Menner in 1872.
" '' in 1854. Peter S. Barnes in 1875.
Wm. G. Arnold in 1857. Francis West in 1878.
TO WNSHIPS—BAMA^SCUS. Ill
CHAPTER XJ.
TO WNSIIIFS—DAMASC US.
THIS was one of the original townships established
in 1798. It then included all of Lebanon, Oregon,
and a part of both Dyberry and Berlin. It still re-
mains the largest township in the county. Its history
is interesting, for there the first settlement was made.
It is bounded north by Manchester, east by the Dela-
ware river, w^est by Berlin, Oregon, and Lebanon, and
south by Berlin. It is as large as Dyberry, Lebanon,
and Oregon townships combined. The main streams
are Calkin's creek, which discharges into the DelaAvare,
at Milanville; Cash's creek, which empties into said
river, at Damascus village; and Hollister's creek in the
north-eastern part of the township. The natural ponds
are the Duck Harbor, (partly in Lebanon,) Laurel Lake,
Cline, Swago, and Groram ponds, with some others of
less size. The most of the land has a south-eastern
declivity, is not broken by high hills, to any great ex-
tent, and is of a good quality, excepting a part in the
north-eastern portion (mlled Conklin hill, and a strip
commencing below Milanville and extending down-
ward back of the Delaware to Big Eddy.
The information which can, at present, be ol)tained,
relative to the first settlements made by tlie whites up-
118 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
on the Delaware river, in Wayne county, llie exact
date of their settlement, their conflicts with the In-
dians, the time when their battle^ were fought, and the
causes that occasioned the same, is limited and obscure,
all the actors in these scenes liaving been dead many
years. It is, therefore, impossible to make statements
wholly free from errors, as history, tradition, and frag-
mentary family-records are not withont their contra-
dictions. Chapman, in his "Ilistory of Wyoming,"
says: "In the snnmier of 1757, the Delaware Com-
pany commenced a settlement at Cushetnnk, on the
Delaware river, which appears to ha\'e been the first
settlement established within the limits of the Con-
necticut charter, west of the province of New^ York;
for, althongh there appears to have been a small fort
bnilt at the Minisinks on the same river, in 1670, that
same fort was soon afterwards abandoned, in conse-
quence of some difficulties with the Indians who refused
to sell the lands." The Minisinks was the Indian name
applied to all the river lands between the Water Gap
and Port Jervis, if not to the mouth of the Lackawax-
€m; and the said abandoned fort was built near Strouds-
burg, and sul)sequently called Fort Penn.
By a manuscript written by Nathan Skinner, giving
in part a history of the Skinner family, it appears that
Joseph Skinner, (grandfather of Nathan Skinner,)
came from Connecticut to Damascus in 1755. He
had eight sons, viz : Daniel, Benjamin, Timotliy, John,
Abner, Haggai, Calvin, and Joseph; and two daugh-
ters, Martha and Huldah. Daniel Skinner was the
TO WNSHIPS— DAMASCUS, 119
father of the said Kathan Skinner, who proceeds with
his narrative as follows: "At what exact time father
came to Damascus, we are not at present able to say ;
but we find bv a. certain writins:, that he was at the
place where the late George Bush lived, on the 4:th
of September, 1755, which place w^as called "Ack-
liake." Joseph Skinner, Sen., was one of the tw^elve
hundred Yankees that made the great Indian purchase,
July 11th, 1754, under which purchase and another
under a section of the colony of East New Jersey, the
Skinner family came into the county to seek their
fortunes and make settlements. Daniel Skinner, Sen.,
purchased of his father, twenty-five acres of the Ack-
hake place, for five pounds, New York currency. He
assisted in laying out a town, the centre of which was
about six miles from the river, near the Conklin place,
now^ owned by Stephen Pethick; and in selecting a
location for a meeting-house and parsonage, William
Reese was, I presume, the surveyor." From said man-
uscript and other records, it appears that the other set-
tlers, locating, about the same time, in the vicinity,
were Simeon Calkin, Moses Thomas, Sen., Bezaleel
V Tyler, Kobert Land, an Englishman, Nathan Mitchell,
John Koss, John Smith, Irwin Evans, James Adams,
Jesse Drake, and Nicholas Conklin, a German from
\) Orange county, N. Y. The following named persons
are mentioned in old records as having lived at an early
day at Cushetunk, or Damascus, viz: F. Clark, Abra-
liani Russ, Francis Little, Brandt Kane, an Irishman,
Josiah Parks, William Monnington, Derrick Lukens,
120 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Jonathan Li]lie, and others. The most of the fore-
going located on the west side of tlie Delaware. The
narrativ^e continues: "Timothy Skiimer and Simeon
Calkin ])uilt a saw-mill and grist-mill on Calkin's creek,
nearly opposite the north end of Beach's tannery, at
Milanville. Said Calkin and Moses Thomas, Sen., and
their sons built a fort, or block-house, at the month of
the creek," in 1755. In or about the year 1759, as
nearly as can be as(*.ertained, Joseph Skinner, Sen.,
was shot in the head and killed at Taylor's Eddy,
abont one mile above Cochecton l)ridge. It was sup-
posed that he was killed l>y some lurking savage of
the northern tribes, who were jealons of the encroach-
ing whites. The murder was not charged to the Cushe-
tunk Indians, who seemed to be well disposed toward
the wliites. Chapman says, page 69 : "The settlement
at Cushetunk continued to progress. In 1760, it con-
tained tliirty dwelling-houses, three large log-houses,
one grist-mill, one saw-mill, and one block-house." The
extent of Cushetunk has not been very well detined.
If it contained thirty dwelling-houses, it must have in-
cbided all the settlers on both sides of tlie Delaware
from Big Island to and near Calkin's creek. But to
resume the history of Daniel Skinner: "After settling
at Ai^khake, he went as a sailor to the West Indies
and learned the value of pine timber for masts and
spars for sliips. Having a quantity of good pine on
his land, he pnt several sticks into the Delaware river
to make a trial of floating them down to Philadelphia.
He followed them with a canoe, but they soon ran
TO WNSHIPS—DAMA SC US. 121
aground on islands or stuck on rocks. He abandoned
this method and tried a different one. He next put
into the river six large ship-masts of equal length,
through each end of which he cut a mortise of about
four inches square, and into this lie put what lie called
a spindle of white oak, to lit the mortise. In the ends
of this he inserted a pin to keep them from slipping.
The lumber thus put together he called a raft, and to
each end of it he pinned a small log crosswise, and in
the middle of this he fastened a pin, standing perpen-
dicular, about ten inches above the cross-log, on which
he hung an oar fore and aft. It being thus rigged, he
hired a very tall Dutchman to go on the fore end, and
with this raft arrived safely in Philadelphia, where
he sold it at a good round price. This was the first
raft ever constructed and run dowm the Delaware,
which occurred in 1764. Shortly after he made a larg-
er raft on w^hich Josiah Parks went as fore hand.
Being allured by Skinner's suc(?ess, others soon em-
liarked in the same business, and, after a time, rafting
became general on the Delaware from the Cook House,
(Deposit,) to Philadelphia. Daniel Skinner, having
constructed and navigated the first raft, was styled
" Lord Hiffh Admiral" of all the raftsmen on the Dela-
ware, and Josiah Parks was named '^ Boatswain." These
honorary titles they retained during their lives."
It seems to have been well known to the Pennsyl-
vania Proprietary claimants that Cuslietunk lay in the
territory, in dispute between Connecticut and Pennsyl-
vania, for we are assured ])y history, that William
16
122 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.
Allen, chief-justice of the province, by warrant dated
June 4th, iTtU, commanded the sheriff of Northamp-
ton county, to arrest Daniel Skinner, Timothy Skinner, Z-
Simeon Calkin, John Smith, Jedediah Willis, James
Adams, Ervin Evans, and others, for intruding upon
the Indian lands al)out Cushetunk without leave. None
of said intruders, liowever, were ever disturbed or ap-
prehended. The lands in said warrant called Indian
lands had been purchased July lltli, 1754, of the Six
Nations, with the consent of the Cushetunks, by tlie
Delaware Company.
In the fall of 1763, after the Delaware Indians had
broken up the settlement of the whites in the Wyom-
ing Yalley, uneasy, straggling bands of savages, con-
ceived the plan of driving away the settlers a]>out
Cushetunk. The people along the Delaware learned
of the sad fate of their brethren from some of the fugi-
tives, and were warned to prepare for an attack. Be-
ins thus forewarned, the women and children were
placed in the block-house or fort, and the men made
preparations to defend their fort and sustain a siege.
The Indians delayed making an attack, Init were seen
skulking a])out in the woods. Suddenly appearing
before the fort, they surprised and killed Moses
Thcmias, Sen., and Ililkiali Willis, who were outside
of the fort. The daughters of said Thomas, one of
which was only seven years old, took the places of the
fallen men, and held their muskets in the loop-holes.
The beseiged taunted the savages, telling them to do
their worst, which they did by several attempts to burn
V
TO WNSJIIPS— DAMASCUS. 123
the fort. Tlie whites f()iii2:ht with such resohition that
they repulsed their invaders and left many of them
dead in sight of the besieged. The Indians killed
some cattle, burned the grist-mill, the saw-mill, and
some dwelling-houses. The Cushetunk Indians con-
demned this unprovoked attack upon the whites, and
promised, in case of another invasion, to assist the set-
tlers. Gleaning from Skinner's notes, we learn that
Daniel Skinner, doubting the probability of holding-
land under the Connecticut title, in May, 17T5, ob-
tained a patent of Hichard Fenn for 140 acres, on
which he built a house ; and he and Bezeleel Ross
bought the Hollister place and built a saw-mill on Hol-
lister creek. This creek was so named because two
brothers by the name of Hollister settled in early days
at or near the mouth of the stream. Having friends
among the Wyoming settlers, they left and took an
active part in the bloody struggles enacted in that Val-
ley, and both found an early grave.
In the spring of 1777, Mrs. Land, the wife of
Robert Land, an Englishman, who was a justice
of the peace under the colonial government, learn-
ing that a scouting party was to come up the river, her
husband being from home, took her infant child, then
three months old, and, in company with her oldest
son, aged nineteen, drove their cattle into the Avoods
to keep them out of the way. She and her son did
not return that night. The Indians came up on the
east side of the Delaware in the night, crossed over
and came to the house of Land early in the mornina"
124 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
while the children, Abel, aged seventeen, Rebecca,
aged about fifteen, Phebe, thirteen, and Robert, ten,
were asleep. An Indian went to the bed wliere the
girls slept and awoke them by tickling their feet with
the point of a spear. A certain chief of the Tiisca-
roras, known by the name of Captain John, had often
been at their house, and seemed to be very
friendly; the elder girl, Rebecca, supposing him
to be the Captain, held out her hand and
said, "How do you do, Captain John?" The Indian
asked her if she knew Captain John. She told him
she did, but that she saw she was mistaken. The in-
genuous innocence of the girl touched the heart of the
savage. He told her that they were Mohawks, and
had come to drive her people from the country, and
that she might put on her clothes and go as soon as
possible and warn the people so that they might es-
cape before they were all killed. She crossed the river
in a canoe, went to Kane's, where she found them all
dead, except one little girl, who w^as alive in a bunch
of bushes, wallowing in her blood, she hav^ing been
scalped. Seeing this she ran up the river to Nathan
Mitchell's and gave the alarm, and then returned home.
In the mean time the Indians had bound her brother
Abel and taken him with them without doing any
other mischief. They went up Calkin's creek and were
met by a body of Cushetunk Indians, who were friends
to the whites and to the cause of liberty. They used
all their endeavors to bring Abel back with tliem, but
not succeeding they left them, after learning that they
TO WNSHIPS— DAMASCUS. 125
had killed a very tall man, (Kane) and his wife and
children. The Cushetunks hurried to the river to
make report and arrived at Land's about the same
time that Mrs. Land and her son John came out of the
woods. John and these Lidians, together with what
whites and other Indians they could muster, went in
immediate pursuit and overtook the Mohawks at Ogh-
quaga, where they found them drawn up in order of
battle. At last the belligerents came to a parley, and
the Mohawks agreed that after Abel, who had been
very boisterous, had been punished by running the
gauntlet, he might go back. Abel having submitted
to that barbarity, he and his party returned to the
Delaware.
The unprovoked murder of Brant Kane and his
family, he being a quiet and worthy man who
had come from Ireland to find a peaceful home, so
shocked and alarmed many of the settlers, that they
immediately crossed the river with tlieir families, took
to the woods, and wandered in cold and hunger to the
settled parts of Orange county, N. Y. Among these
were Kathan Skinner and his eldest son, Garrett
Smith and wife, the wife and child of Nathaniel
Evans, and -others. Tradition says that Mrs. Evans,
being belated, swam the Delaware river with her in-
fant and joined the fugitives. In substance Skinner
further says : "Joseph Ross, having been commission-
ed by Col. Whooper to take charge of the Indians,
whose chief was called 'Manoto," some of the whites,
having^ the o-ood will of the Mohicans, concluded to
126 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
stay and go on with their farming. But in the autumn
of the same year, another scouting party, mostly com-
posed of marauding whites, made a descent upon the
people, took their crops, bm*nt down the new house
built by Daniel Skinner, shot a man by the name of
Handa, and took Nathan Mitchell prisoner." Skinner
further says: "This party came up the Delaware on
the east side, and from Ten Mile River upward, plun-
dered all that came in their way without opposition
until they came in sight of Big Island, where they dis-
covered a party retreating before them, who continued
their retreat to the upper end of Boss's where the set-
tlers made a stand and sent word to their pursuers that
they, the whites and friendly Indians, should retreat
no further. The marauders came to a stand at Nathan
Skinner's new^ house, which they plundered and burnt,
and then retreated dow^n the river, on their way treach-
erously capturing John Land and a man named Davis.
Land was shamefully maltreated by his captors, and he
and Davis were shackled and handcuffed and thrown
into prison to answer to the charge of disloyalty, of
which charge they w^ere afterwards acquitted. Nathan
Mitchell escaped, but when or how, tradition saith not.
This raid was made and participated in, it w^as said,
by persons who professed to be ardently attached to
the cause of liberty. This charge is made by Skinner
in his narrative, but he is cautious in mentioning names.
That there were bitter dissensions about the titles to
lands in and about Damascus, like those that harrassed
the settlers in Wyoming, scarcely admits of a doul)t.
TO WNSHIPS—DAMASC US. 127
To determine who were the iiiiworthy and wicked
parties that originated and perpetrated said enormities
cannot now be done, but the raid gave rise to mutual
charges and recriminations and to political antipathies
which have descended down to the present day.
After the massacre at Wyoming, in 1778, the dis-
astrous result of which was speedily made known to
those living about Cochecton, many of the settlers, sup-
posing that their lives would be taken by the northern
Indians, who were emboldened by their recent successes,
sought safety in concealment or flight. Some, how-
ever, determined that they would not leave the country ;
among whom were the Tylers, Thomases, John Land,
and Nathan Mitchell. The latter old veteran could
never be frightened away, and many of the settlers
came back in the spring of 1779. In this year the
Indians became unusually aggressive, and a body of
them from the north made a descent upon the settle-
ments alono; the DelaAvare river about Minisink. A
company of Pennsylvania militia marched to the Dela-
ware for the protection of the settlements, and, on the
22d day of July, 1779, was attacked by a body of
one hundred and forty Indians on a hill nearly opposite
the mouth of the Lackawaxen, and between forty and
fifty of the militia were killed or taken prisoners, among
whom were Captain Bezaleel Tyler and Moses Thomas,
the father of the late Judge Thomas. About every
man capal)le of bearing arms a])out Cochecton and
upon the Lackawaxen and Paupac'k, participated in
that battle.
128 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Tlie l)attle and massacre at Wyoming having pro-
duced a great sensation among the Ameri(?an people,
General Sullivan, witli an army of two thousand and
five hundred men, was sent, in the summer of 1779,
to drive the British and Indians from that Valley, and
to lay waste the Indian country along the north-western
frontier. He arrived in Wyoming on the 22d day of
July, and from thence ascended the Susquehanna river,
liaving his provisions and army baggage conveyed by
one hundred and twenty boats and two thousand
horses. General Sullivan found the enemy, of about
one thousand men, collected near IS^ewton, on the Tioga
river, strongly entrenched behind a breastwork. On
the 29th of August, he attacked and drove them from
their defences across the river, whence they precipitate-
ly fled. He then marched into the Indian country and
destroyed thirteen of their villages and all their crops
and orchards as far as to the Genesee, and then return-
ed by the way of Tioga Point to Wyoming, and thence
to Easton. After the defeat of the militia at Lackawax-
eTi, the few settlers remaining at Damascus expected
that the Indians would visit them and destroy all their
buildings and cattle, but they were happily disappoint-
ed. A few were seen skulking about, but they did
but little damage. They had learned of tlie impending
expedition of Sullivan into their country, and they re-
treated in fear and dismay. Tlie danger of Indian
raids being now, in a great measure, removed, the in-
hal)itants returned to their possessions at Cocheeton
and Damascus, where the settlements again flourished.
TO WN^HIPS— DAMASCUS. 129
With unl)onnded delight thiy long-suffering people
hailed the prospect of security and peace. For twenty-
live years they had dwelt in the midst of alarms, sub-
ject at all times to the torch, the hatchet, and the
scalping knife of the Indians.
The following named persons were actors in the
foregoing history, or were subsequently distinguished
in the annals of the township :
Captain Bezaleel Tyler, who fell at the battle at Lack-
awaxen, and was from New England. His sons were,
1st, Bezaleel Tyler, father of Amos Tyler; 2nd, Sam-
uel Tyler, father of Wni. Tyler, of Eock Run; 3rd,
John Tyler, father of Judge Moses Tyler. This John
Tyler married a Calkin, by whom he had twenty-one
children. If I am rightly informed all the said sons of
Captain Tyler were soldiers in the American Kevolu-
tion. So numerous are the Tylers in and about Da-
mascus that we have not time and space to enumerate
them. They have ever been prominent in the entei*-
prises and politics of the township.
Simeon Calkin was one of the first settlers, who,
witli Timothy Skinner, built a saw-mill and grist-mill
near the mouth of Calkin's creek, in 1755, one hun-
dred and twenty-five years ago. Oliver Calkin w^as,
as I suppose, his son. Daniel Skinner, called the
"Admiral," married Sarah Calkin, a daughter of Olive)'
Calkin. It is a name much respected in Damascus
and Cochecton.
Natlian Mitchell lived at first on the east side of
the Delaware. He, or a son of his, lived many years
17
130 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
jifterward.s in Biickingliani. He was the father of
xlbraliain Mitchell, who owned and cleared up the
farm now owned by Samuel K. Yail, Esq., of Leba-
non. In Damascus and elsewhere liis descendants are
too numerous to mention with the particularity they
deserve.
Moses Thomas, Sen., was killed, as aforesaid, at tlie
mouth of Calkin's creek, in 1763. He had a son who
WTiS killed at the battle at Lackaw^axen, whose name
was Moses; and the late Judge Thomas was a grand-
son of the said Moses Thomas, Sen. We have tried
hut have not succeeded.
Robert Land was an Englishman and a justice of
the peace under tlie colonial government, and a man
of pluck and eiiterpi-ise, wliile his wife was a woman
of unconnnon endui-ance and alulity. His son, John
Land, married, lived, and died in tlie township. Ont^
r)f tlie daughters of the latter, l)y tlie name of Maxa-
inilia, was the wife of John Burcher.
Jesse Drake married the widow of Moses Thomas,
who was killed at Lackawaxen. He had two sons,
Jesse and Charles, and two daughters; one daughter,
named Christiana, intermarried with Jonathan J^illie,
and the other, Martha, intermarried with James
Mitchell.
Nicholas Conklin, of Dutch descent, from the North
river, was one of the lirst settlers who located on the
York State side. He had three sons, John, Elias,
and William. Tlie latter lived and died at Big Island,
TO WNSIUPS—nA MA AC US. 131
but the others sokl out to Stephen Mitcliell and re-
moved to Susqueh.anna county.
Benjamin Conklin located on the Cochectoii and
Great Bend turnpike road, six miles west of Damas-
cus bridge, and kept a tav^ern and the turnpike gate,
so that the place was known far and near as the
" Gate Hovise." He had fifteen children, of whom
only two now live in the county, Benjamin Conklin,
at Four-story hill, and Sally, the wife of Amos T.
Mitchell.
Jonathan Lillie located on the Daniel Dexter place.
Jesse and Calvin, his sons, are now living. Col. Cal-
vin Skinner married a daughter of said Jonatlian
Lillie.
Simeon Bush was an original settler, and liad three
sons. He made an assessment of Damascus, in 1801,
when there w^ere but thirty-seven taxables. George
Bush, one of the sons, was a man of mark and was
once a Member of Assembly. He married a daugh-
ter of Reuben Skinner. The other sons were John
and Eli, and all have gone to a better land, leaving
families behind them.
John Ross, better known as Captain John Ross, an
son named Bezaleel, he being the father of John R.
Ross, deceased, who was elected sheriff in 1870.
Daniel Skinner, known as "Admiral" Skinner, of
whom much has been said, lived and died on the
Judge Taylor place. The names of his children were
Reuben, Daniel, Joseph, AVilliam, and Kathan. Dan-
132 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
iel Skinner, Jr., had one son, Ini, who died leaving
one son. Said Joseph Skinner died at Skinner's flats,
leaving a family, and William Skinner died at the
same place, leaving six sons.
Reuben Skinner located upon or near his father's
place. He married a widow from Long Island, whose
maiden name was Mary Polly Chase. He organized
the first Masonic Lodge in the county, at Ackhake,
and named it St. Tammany's Lodge. In 1801 he was
assessed as owning two honses, twenty acres of im-
proved land, and 'ci slave, valued at fifty dollars, and as
being a merchant, inn-keeper, and justice of the peace,
all of which, including a span of horses and two cows,
was valued at $552. He liad one son, Daniel (). Skin- ner, late of Honesdale, deceased, and three daughters — Anna, wife of George Bush, Huldah, wife of Jacol) B. Yerkes, and Nancy, wife of George Kinney. William Monnington,from Philadelphia, of Swedish descent, settled at an early day upon the north l>ranch of Calkin's creek. His sons were Israel, James, and Na- than, all worthy and industrious farmers. Judge Thom- as married the only daughter, Rebecca Monnington. Derrick Lukens emigrated from Germantown, near Philadelphia. His sons were John N., Daniel, Titus, and Derrick. He had several daughters, one of whom was the wife of the Rev. Isaac Brown. Her name was Mary, and another named Margaret was the wife of Col. Brush, who was the facetious and able sheriff of Wayne county ; after his death she married Stephen Mitcliell. John N. Lukens for many years kept TO WNSHIPS—I)A MA SC US. 133 a tavern on the turnpike between Damascus bridge and Tyler Hill. Da\dd Young first settled opposite Big Island in New York State. He was assessed in Damascus in 1801 and in 1810, and afterwards kept a public house therein. He subsequently bought the Yerkes saw-mill, situated on Calkin's creek, at Milanville, where he was killed by the caving in of a bank. He was a man whose loss was widely regretted. He had four sons, George, Charles, Thomas, and Moses T. The latter-named, who lives in Damascus, is the only survivor. Kathan Skinner, as aforesaid, was a son of "Admiral'' Skinner, and was a man of good natural and acquired abilities. He was a surveyor and for many years a justice of the peace. His wife was a daughter of Oliver «^> Calkin. He wrote the account of Damascus from ' which we have quoted. His sons were Col. Calvin Skinner, Albro Skinner, (the surveyor), Oliver Skinner, Irvin Skinner, Charles C. Skinner, and Heli Skinner. Irvin Skinner lives in Indiana, and his daughter Zillah is the wife of Wm. Stephens, of Illinois. Thomas Sliields. At what time he removed from the city of Philadelphia to Damascus, it is difficult to ascertain ; but, by the old records, it appears that at December sessions, 1799, Thomas Sliields was indicted for assault and battery upon the body of William Skin- ner, of which charge he was acquitted. Let it be re- membered that the man who in tliose days was not in- dicted for selling liquor without a license or of assault and battery, was destitute of popularity. In 1801 he VU HISTORY OF WAYNF COUNTY. was assessed as owner of two houses, three mills, thirty- four acres of improved land, and 4,356 acres of unim- proved land, all valued at$938.00, his county tax be-
ing only $9.38, and in 1803 as owner of 21,457 acres unimproved lands. He l)uilt two saw-mills and a grist- mill on Cash's creek, and as the Cochecton and Great Bend turnpike road was not then made, all the irons i-equired for said mills were l)rought up the Delaware river in Durham boats. In 1810 he built the iirst Baptist church in Damascus and left it to that denomi- nation. Being a man of wealth and enterprise, he largely contributed to the prosperity of the place. He went back to Philadelphia, but, at what date, we are unable to ascertain. He came into the county to dis- pose of his wild lands. Dr. Freeman Allen was the first physician and sur- geon in Damascus, and Dr. Calkin the first in Cochec- ton. Dr. Luther Appley, who was from Philadelphia, studied medicine and surgery under Dr. Allen, and practiced many years with success. For his first wife he married Phebe Land, daughter of John Land. His second wife was Mary E. Effinger, a lady from Phila- delphia, who, as his widow, now resides in Honesdale. He left four sons, William S., Theron, Luther, and Mark Appley. Dr. William S. Appley became noted in his profession. He practiced far and near along the P]rie railroad. In consequence of liis temerity he lost a leg on said road. He is dead and Dr. Theron Appley is still practicing. Luther and Mark are farmers and luml)ermen. TOWNSHIPS— DAMASCUS. " 135 Alexander Rutledge, a native of Ireland, settled, in 1803, on the road leading from the Union settlement to the old gate house or Conklin place. His sons, who settled near him, were Alexander, Christopher, Ed- ward, and John. Charles Irvine, a patriot who fled from Ireland, at an early day settled in Damascus and married a daugli- ter of Oliver Calkin, of Cochecton. His son, Charles Irvine, was a long time a merchant at Damascus vil- lage, and is well known through tlie county as having been a jury commissioner. George Brown was assessed in 1806 as a farmer. If I am rightly informed he was the father of Isaac Brown, a Baptist clergyman, whose wife was a daugh- ter of Derrick Lukens. John Boyd was born in Philadelphia in 1794, and came to Wayne county in 1808, and finally settled on Damascus manor. He had seven children, two of whom are living: in A¥arren county, and two in Wa^aie. Thomas Y. Boyd, one of them, bought "The Tymer- son Mills" many years ago. He is a large manufac- turer and dealer in luml)er. He twice represented tlie county in the Legislature. The settlement of the northern part of the town took place later tlum the middle and southern part and was made by the Conklins, Tylers, Keeslers, Brighams, Sutliffs, Kellams, Rutledges, and others. At Galilee is a Methodist Episcopal church, a post- office, and several fine buildings, sufficient to form the nucleus of a village. Southward of Galilee, niauy 186 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. years ago, Neal McCollnni bought lauds aud cleared up a valuable farui. Plis family produced some of the most valuable articles of douiestic manufacture ever exhil)ited at the fairs i)f the Wayne County Ag- i-icultural Society. Mr. McCollum and his wife, wh(> were most worthy people, died some years ago, since which tlieir ingenious and industrious daughters, Catli- eriue and Mary, have prematurely followed them. Jonathan Dexter was assessed, in 1802, as owning two hundred acres of wild land. The Dexters, it is said, were from New England. Branningville took its name from J. 1). Branning, who built up the place. W. I). Guinnip now resides there. It has a good school, with a thickly settled neighborhood about it. It is a very pleasant place. Darbytown takes its name from N. S. Darby, wdio built a tannery tliere. In 1801, Solomon Decker, Keuben Decker, and J(j- seph Decker were assessed as farmers that had made respectable improvements. Tliere were other early settlers wliose history we have failed to obtain, the family names being Dexter, Guinnip, Branning, Bm*- (^hers, Bol)erts, Noble, Perry, Yerkes, etc. fl;d)ez Stearns, a son of Joseph Stearns, one of the first settlers in Mount Pleasant, about 18 — took up land and made a farm on tlie nortli side of the nortli branch of Calkin's creek, at the Great Falls, where John Leonard erected a noted saw-mill, subsequently occupied l>y Wood, Boyd fSz Lovelass. Under great disadvantages he obt:dned a good education and TO WNSHIPS— DAMASCUS. 137 took all the means in liis power to educate his chil- dren. He had six children, namely, David W., Polly, Harriet E., Lanrette, Irene, and Frances. The primi- tive settlers being mostly lumbermen located upon the alluvial lands along the river which they deemed the only kind of soil fit for cultivation ; hence, the progress of the town was for many years retarded. At length it was ascertained that the lands distant from the river, though difficult to clear, were, after a few years of cultivation, capable of producing larger crops than the river flats. This led to the taking up of the lands remote from the river, where were found some of the best lands in the county, in conlirmation of which, attention is directed to the farms of Asil Dann, William Hartwell, T. J. Crocker, and a score of others in the township. Several attempts have been made to divide the township, but the division, whenever un- dertaken, has been voted down. The old Cochecton and Great Bend turnpike road divides the township into about equal parts, but it does not suit the people as a division line. Having a descending navigation for lumber l)y the river, and access to the depots on the Erie railroad at Narrowsburgh and Cochecton, this township has facilities to market not exceeded by any of the river townships. The principal trading places are Damascus village, situated where the old turnpike road crosses the Delaware river over a splen- did toll-l)ridge, and Cochecton, a village located on the New York side, just opposite, and clustered along the Erie railroad, which road skirts the base of the 18 138 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. liills, leaving a broad flat between it and the river. Cocliecton is one of the pleasantest villages on the Del- aware, and its early history is inseparably connected with that of Damascus. Damascus Village. Before the division of the towns! lip into two election districts, the elections w^erc held at Damascus village, where the physicians were located, the chief merchants traded, the most noted hotel afforded entertainment, and where the first academy in the county was started, and the first Bap- tist church built. Here Walter S. Yail and Charles Irvine, tlie most popular merchants in their day, lived and traded, and were succeeded by Philip O'Keilly, (once the urbane and favorite clerk of Capt. Murray, of Honesdale,) who, as one of the firm of T. & P. O'Heilly continues in the same pursuit at the present time. There are several other mercliants in the vil- lage. Here now^ is the old Baptist church and cemetery kept in excellent order, and a Methodist Episcopal church and parsonage. From the beautiful residences of Charles Irvine and Mark Appley, situated on the road leading to Milan ville, is one of the most enchant- ing views of the New^ York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad, and of the trains of cars passing up and down upon the road on tlie opposite side of the river, that can be seen in Wayne county. MiLANviLLE. This village was the chosen residence of Nathan Skinner, Esq., and his family, and is sitnatied near the mouth of Calkin's creek. Its locality is memorable in tlie early annals of the town as the place TO WNSHIPS— DAMASCUS. 139 where the most desperate battle was fought with the Indians. Many years ago Eli Beach, Esq., built a large tannery there which greatly increased the population and importance of the place. Mr. Beach died some years since. At the time of his death he was one of the oldest and most noted tanners in the county, a man whose merits would have been appreciated and whose U)ss would have been deeply deplored in any com- munity. The tannery is now successfully carried on by Hon. J. Howard Beach, late Member of the As- sembly, and other sons of the late Eli Beach, deceased. About one hundred rods below the village are the Cochecton falls, which are the most dangerous obstruc- tion in the Delaware between Hancock and Lacka- waxen. Tyler Hill. This village owed its first importance to the enterprise of the late Israel Tyler. It has been much improved within a few years. Its shops and stores afford most of the conveniences needed in a vil- lage. The buildings display taste and neatness, and the private residences of David Fortnam and William A. Smith are very beautiful. Most of the timber having been removed from the forests of Damascus, the people have wisely turned their attention to agriculture. In 1878 there were 801 taxables in the township ; the valuation of property for county purposes was$672,582, and the amount of coun-
ty tax was $3,362.91. There are twenty -one common schools, one Baptist church, three M. E. churches, one Roman Catholic church, and one Union church. 140 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. Precedence is given to Damascus because it lias a larger area than any other township, and from the fact that there the first settlement was made, the lirst In- dian battle fought, the first mills built, the first raft constructed, the first justices of the peace appointed, the first schools established, the first Masonic Lodge instituted, the first turnpike road made, the first store started, the first church and academy erected, and the first bridge built across the Delaware river in Wayne county. CHAPTER XIL TO WNSHIPS— LEBANON. THIS township was taken oif from Damascus in 1819. It is bounded north by Buckingham and Manches- ter, east by Damascus, south by Oregon and Dyberry, and west by Mount Pleasant. The principal streams are the Dyberry, and its east and west branches, and Biff brook. These streams are lined on both sides bv steep hills, which are rough and rocky, and, excepting some flats, the land near the streams is uncultivatable. In the eastern part is a high, conical elevation, called ''Hickory Hill," about which there is some good land. The north-eastern part of the town is composed of TO WNSHIPS— LEBANON. 141 hilly and rocky land, and is unlit for cultivation. The chief ponds are the Upper and Lower Woods ponds, so called because John Wood owned tlie land about them; the Latourette pond; the Nilespond; the Rose pond, which was named after a man by the name of Rose, w^ho built a cabin near the pond, upon the now excellent and valuable farm of Sidney Coons; and Duck Harbor pond, about one-half of which is in this township. The greater part of the population is to be found along the old Cochecton and Great Bend turn- pike road, and on the roads leading from Riley ville to Dyberry, and along the road passing through Middle Lebanon. Beginning on said turnpike where the line on the east side of the township crosses the road and going west, the first old settled place is the farm of Samuel K. Vail. Adam Kniver commenced on the place where Walter S. Vail now li^^es, and Joseph Thomas on the farm of Samuel K. Yail. Kniver and Thomas left and John C. Riley kept tavern there awhile ; then Abram Mitchell bought the whole land of Thomas Meredith and lived there many years, when the farm was bought by Walter S. Yail, Sen., who sold it to his brother, Sam- uel K. Yail. Walter S. Yail, Sen., w^as a noted mer- chant at Damascus for many years, and a man much es- teemed for his probity and fair dealing. Kathaniel Yail, a brother of his, many years ago, represented us in the Legislature. Passing along, we come to the road which on the right leads to Equinunk. Here we find the store of Samuel K. Yail, the only one in the 142 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. township, and a church, called the " Union church." In this store is kept the Rileyville post-office. Pass- ing onward sixty rods we come to the buildings erect- ed by John C. Kiley, consisting of a large tavern house, and a store, now unused. Riley commenced here about sixty-five years ago and cleared up a large farm amd kept a licensed tavern from 1819 to 1836, and sometimes kept a store running. This is Riley- ville. Riley was succeeded by William Handell. Then the whole place was purchased by Francis Blair, who sold it to Patrick Shanley, its present owner. The road from Dyberry intersects the turnpike at this place. A half mile onward is the Lebanon Presby- terian church. Next are tlie farm and premises for- merly occupied by John Lincoln, Esq., who w^as an early settler from New England. The premises are now owned by Hiram Wright, who married a daughter of John Lincoln. A house of entertainment and then a licensed tavern was kept by Mr. Lincoln or Wright for several years. It had the reputation of being the best-kept tavern on the road. Next is the farm taken up and improved by William Adams, who was orig- inally from Delaware county, N. Y. He was a supe- rior natural penman, and was the standing assessor of Lebanon, while he lived in the to\\Ti. He was the first assessor in Manchester township, after its erec- tion in 1828, soon after which, he settled upon his Lebanon farm. Being engaged in lumbering, he lost largely by an unusual flood in the Delaware. George W. Adams and Henry Adams, of Dyl^erry, are his TOWNSHIPS— LEBANON. 143 sons, and Clayton Yale married his daughter. The farm is now occupied by the widow of Patrick Mc Guire. Seth Yale, a son of Esquire Yale, comes next. He married a daughter of John Douglas. All the im- provements on the farm were made by him. Next comes Shieldsboro', now owned by Elias Stan- ton. Kobert Shields, son of Thomas Shields, the great landholder in Wayne county and who in earlier days lived in Damascus, in or about 1835, (date un- certain) built a good dwelling-house and barn and erected a saw-mill at this place, and sent up his sons, Thomas M. and William J, Shields, from Philadeh phia to take charge of the premises, supplying them with costly musical instruments, a large library with globes and maps, and every needed convenience. But with all this they were not content. As desert-wan- dering Israel longed for the leeks, onions, and flesh- pots of Egypt, so did these men long for the crash, flash, and dash of the city from whence they came. After years of contention and discontent, they returned to their former home. Since that time the place has had a number of occupants. The next very old place was taken up by John Yale about 1810, but was paid for by his son, Seth Yale, who was always called Esquire Yale. His wife was a- daughter of James Bigelow, who was one of the first settlers in Mount Pleasant. She was an excellent, resolute, industrious woman. They had to battle with all the difiiculties and sufl^er all the perplexities 14A HISTORY OF WAYNU COUNTY. incident to pioneer life in an unbroken wilderness, l)iit tliey nnflinchingly withstood them all. Their works were herculean and amazing. He had to pro- vide for a large and increasing family, and she to card, spin, and weave the fabrics, or procure it to be done, wherewith to (clothe her family. He, with his sons, cleared up a large farm and erected good buildings thereon. Prompted by necessity and a love of danger- ous and excitin": adventures, he became a o;reat hunter. Once, in early winter, upon a very cold day, he shot and killed an otter on the ice at tlie Lower Woods pond. Laying down his gun, he put on his mittens and went to get his game. Before reaching it he broke through the ice where the water was deep. He could not get upon the ice. Again and again his attempts were unavailing, as it would continue to break under him. He w^is so far from home that his calls for help could not be heard, and benumbed with cold his strength began to fail him. Finally he resolved to make his last final eifort to escape. Throwing his wet mittens upon the glare ice as far off as he could reach them in that dreadful condition, he waited until they froze fast, then, having something to take hold of, he drew himself out upon the ice, and then rolled over and over imtil lie reached the shore. But he would have that otter. He broke down small dead trees, made a bridge upon the ice, and went out and saved it. Once his faithful dog, which would have risked its life for the safety of its master, was missing, and the Esquire, mis- trusting that it had broken through the ice in that TO WNSHIPS— LEBANON, 145 same pond, upon going tliitlier found it to \)Q a fact. With great difficulty he got the dog out, which was unable to go or stand. Though the day was cold, the Esquire took off his coat and wrapped it around tlie animal, which w^as a large one, and carried him home, a distance of a mile and a quarter, tlius saving its life. He was once a commissioner of the county and for many years a justice of the peace. It was al- ways his aim to promote peace. ''Was there a variance? enter but his door, Balked were the courts, and contest was no more." Esquire Yale had six sons and three daughters. Norman and Clayton E. Yale lived in the homestead house on the north side of the road, and John E. and Ezra Yale in separate houses built by themselves on part of the old farm lying south of the road. Franklin removed to Susquehanna county. Seth has been men- tioned. Eliza is the wife of Gilbert P. Bass. Try- phena married Fanton Sherwood, and Mary died un- married. Esquire Yale died in Honesdale some years ago, and his wife survived him but a few^ years. On the west side of the road, on the hill above the Yale farm, lives Charles Bennett, son of Joseph Ben- nett, of New England descent. Originally Peter Latourette, a blacksmith, commenced on the place and then it fell into the hands of said Joseph Bennett, who lived and died there. On the north side of the road the land was taken up about 1817, by Hugh Gammell, the grandfather of Hon. A. B. Gannnell, of Bethany. Hugh, for a second wife, married a woman by the name 19 U6 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. of Gillett, and GMinmell and her brotlier, named Elijah Gillett, owned the plac^e too^ether. Gannnell died there and Mr. Gillett and Mrs. Gammell sold out their in- terest in the farm and she went and lived with Aaron Gillett, a relative of their's in Salem, and Elijah Gil- lett returned to Connecticut. Most of the place is now owned 1)y Hora(^e W. Gager, who, })eing an enterpris- ing farmer, has nnich enhanced its value. Going on- ward on the south side of the road extending westward for eighty oy ninety rods, lie the old farms of Edward Wheateraft, Jr., and of Edward Wheatcraft, Sen. Now both are owned by Gates Douglas. Edward Wheatcraft, Sen., was born in Frederick, Maryland. According to old records he Avas the first settler in West Lebanon, he having bought one hundred acres of land and Iniilt a (^abin in 1803. His land, cal)in, and four head of cattle, were valued that year at$95.00,
and his tax was eighty-five and a half cents. He paid
for his land in money realized mostly from the sale of
maple sugar. His wife was a daughter of John S.
Rogers. They had one son and three daughters. Mrs.
John Latourette was one of the daughters. Then be-
low^ and north of the old turnpike lies the George
Parkinson farm, the f]"ont part of which is owned by
C. H. S(nidder. Parkinson was taxed as owning eleven
hundred acres of land. It is probaV)le that he began
in 1804. He was an Englishman, and by trade a wea-
ver, but turned his attention to <*arpenter and mill-
Avright work. He is renieml)ered as having been m
very ingenious workman, and was the chief architect
TO WNSHIP.S— LEBANON. 147
employed by Judge Wilson to build a linen factory at
the mouth of the Paupack. Finding that Wilson was
likely to fail, he took his pay for his work in land.
In 1810 he was licensed to keep a public house, and
he or his son continued in the business many years.
This house was known from Newburg to Itha(!:a as the
Cold Spring Tavern. Parkinson, finding the town to
he settling up rapidly, built a saw-mill and grist-mill
on the outlet of the Lower Woods pond, below a fall
about eighty rods from it. In a year or two both mills
burnt down, No grist-mill has since been built in tlie
town.
Benajah Carr, in or about 1811, took up the farm
south of the Parkinson place, cleared the same, and in
1845 sold it to Charles H. Scudder and removed to
Indiana.
The next place westward on the north side of the
was a native of Windham county. Conn. His wife's
name was Polina Bingham. They had children, of
whom Rufus H. Gager, of Mount Pleasant, Horace
W. Gager, of Lebanon, and E. B. Gager, of Tanners
Falls, are now living in the county. Mr. Gager and
his sons cleared up a good farm, and he died on the
place. It is now" owned by Robins Douglas. Mr.
Gager used to tell of the hard times, l)efore the war
closed in 1815; how that leather was hardly to be had
at any price; that pork was twenty -five cents a pound,
and that he had given four dollars for half a l)ushel
of salt.
148 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
The next settler on the west of David Gager was
Joseph Bass, who came in with Gager from the same
place. His wife was a sister of David Gager. There
were fonr sons: Jason G., Thomas H., John W., and
Gilbert P. Bass. The latter, wlio lives upon and owns
the old homestead, is the only surviving meml)er of
the family. There were three daugliters, one the wife
of Charles Kennedy, one the wiie of Jolm Graham,
and another the wife of John Spafford.
The lands on the sonth side of the road opposite the
said Gager and Bass farms were mostly taken np at
an early day by John Lincoln and Elisha Lincoln, who
sold tliem after a few years, since Avhich time they
have changed owners several times. Fhilo Bass, Esq.,
son of Gilbert P. Bass, and postmaster, now owns the
front part of the Elisha Lincoln lot.
Silas Stevens, from Vermont, about 1810, took up
the land north of the old turnpike, and in 1812 com-
menced keeping tavern, Avhich business he continued
the most of his life. The said lands on the north side
of said road and one hundred acres on the south side
thereof w^ere purchased by Bobins Douglas. Stevens
others non-residents.
John Douglas was a native of Vermont and settled
on the south side of the road in or about 1810. Lie
had one son, Bobins Douglas, and three daughters ; one
was married to Jacol) Stalker, one to John Butledge,
and the other, who is the only surviving meml:>er of
the family, is the wife of Seth Yale. Bobins Douglas
TO WNSIIIPS— LEBANON. 149
succeeded to the property of his father. He was an
excellent farmer, and a man much esteemed by his
neighbors. He left sev^en children, all residing in
Le])anon excepting Mrs. Sally Holgate, of Damascus.
Peter Latourette, a blacksmith from Orange county,
N. Y., first began in the town, on the turnpike oppo-
site Hugh Gammell's, and about 1887 removed ti>
the farm now occupied by his grandson, George La-
by one Perkins. Devoting the rest of his working
days to farming, he cleared up much valuable land.
He had three sons, Jacob, John, and Samuel : Jacob
Latourette, a w^ealthy farmer in Orange county, N.
Y., now deceased ; John Latourette, who took up land
half a mile north of his father's, and, with his sons,
cleared up a large and valuable farm, and built the
best house in the town. Failing health induced him
to sell his farm and buy a smaller place, and he and
liis wife now live in the house formerly occupied by
James Bolkcom, deceased, in East Lebanon. They
liave four sons now living in the county, namely,
Jackson, Nelson, Lorain, and Elijah. Samuel Latour-
ette lives westward and adjoining the said John La-
tourette's place, and lias demonstrated that farming-
can be made remunerative in Wayne county by due
tact and industry. For nearly one mile along and
upon botli sides of the road from Tanners Falls to
Cold Springs, the lands were cleared up and cultivated
by the Latourettes, excepting tlie farm of James Get-
tings that lies westward and partly adjoining the farm
150 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
of Peter Latourette. It was known as the Latourette
Settlement.
Galen Wilmartli l>e<2;an in early life upon lands sit-
Springs to Equinunk, about three-(piarters of a mile
north of Cold Springs, where he cleared a farm and
raised a family. His wife was a daughter of Peter
Latourette. Finally he sold out to Michael Moran,
who, for several years, carried on his trade there, as a
cooper. The farm now belongs to Patrick Lestrange.
Some of the family of Galen Wilmarth may be living,
i)ut he and his son, John, have gone to a better land.
On the same road northward, in 184^^, Thomas Moran
]>egan in the woods upon a tract of good land, and
cleared up a valuable farm. He was a strong, pow^er-
ful man, but he died when l>ut little past the meridian
of life. His son, Thomas, is now in possession of the
farm. Patrick Rodgers and Patrick Mc Kenny live
northward on the same I'oad. D. Murphy owns a
good farm on the northern part of the old Parkinson
Lot.
Going southward from the old turnpike, on the
Middle Lebanon road, we come to the farm once the
property of Josiah Belknap, who began tliere proba-
]>ly forty-five years ago; the property is now owned
I)y some of his family.
Jehiel Justin has occupied his farm, or a part of it,
for forty years or more. When we first knew the
place, a part of it was occupied by William Handell.
Justin and his wife were from Connecticut. Their
TO WNSHIPS— LEBANON. 151
ingenuity in making and man nfactn ring for them-
selves the chief necessities of life sufficiently attests
their New England origin. Mrs. Justin is so skilled
in the art of making sage cheeses that they are es-
teemed as rare luxuries. Al)iel Brown also owns a
part of the old Handell farm. The excellent farm of
Jackson Latourette was taken up by George Mitchell
and his brother. When they owned the place it pro-
duced the best oats that we ever saw. The farm is
still in good hands.
James Robinson took up, probably forty years ago,
the farm upon which liis son, Franklin, now lives.
He was an Enoflishman of learniui!^ and culture. John
K. Robinson was his son, and Matthias Ogden mar-
ried one of his daughters, Martin Kimble one, and
Nelson Latourette, the youngest. John R. Robinson
lives upon the farm first taken up by William Pulis,
who made some improvement upon it and then sold
it and removed to the West. Rol)inson has made
many improvements upon every part of the place,
erected a good house, and Iniilt one of the largest and
best barns in the county. His orchard is large and
contains a great variety of choice fruit. Henry Brown
was proba))ly the first settler in Middle Lebanon, be-
tween fifty and sixty years ago. He was a soldier in the
war of 1812. His first wife was a daughter of Rich-
ard Nelson. He had three children, namely, Ezra,
Sarah Ann, and Elizal)eth. Ezra Brown lived near
by and died many years before his father. Alonzo
Hubbard married Sarah Ann, and Frederick Hub])nrd
152 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
married Elizabeth, wlio is now a widow and the only
one of tlie family surviving. Henry Brown was a
member of the Methodist Church, and during for-
ty years of acquaintance Ave never lieard any one speak
disparagingly of him.
Abraham Bennett, a native of Orange county. N. Y.,
l)etween iifty and sixty years ago, purchased and
cleared up a farm on the south side of the road upon
which the farms of Milton Bolkcom, H. E. Gager, and
Brice Blair are kx^ated. Industry, economy, and fair
dealing were the prevailing traits of his character.
Brice Blair, of Irish des(^ent, has a large farm lying
east and northeast of the Bennett farm, and Henry E.
Gager owns the farm formerly the property of James
Blair. Milton Bolkcom lives upon and owns the farm
on whicli he began when he was a young man.
Lewis Sears lived many years upon the farm now
owned by Stewart Lincoln. Lewis Sears, Jr., was his
son, and tliere are several of his cliildren living in the
county.
Virgil Brooks, who owns a large farm upon which
he l>egan when a young man, was a son of Capt. Homer
Brooks, of I)y berry, in wliich town Yirgil was born.
His wife was a daughter of Al)ram Mitc^hell. Many
years ago Mr. Brooks liad the misfortune to lose his
dwelling-house and all its contents by lire. At tliat
time there were few if any tii-e insurance policies is-
sued in tlie (jounty, consequently his property was
not insured.
The Bolkcom family. In <u' about 1815, William,
TOWNSHIFS— LEBANON. 153
James, and Daniel Bolkconi, brothers, from Massaelin-
setts, took up lands contiguous to each other. Tlie
A'ieinity in which they located has ever been known as
tlie Bolkcom Settlement. Having an opportunity to
select the best lands, they did not fail to do so. Wil-
liam Bolkcom, who died many years ago, confined all
his efforts to the clearing up and cultivation of his
lands. One of liis daughters married Stephen M.
Fulis, who now owns the old homestead. Daniel
W. Bolkcom, son of William Bolkcom, owns the old
farm Urst taken up by Conrad Pulis, upon the Dy-
berry. D. W. M. Bolkcom, son of Daniel Bolkcom,
owns the farm cleared up by his father and the farm
once owned by James Bolkcom, excepting a lot and
house purchased by John Latourette. James D.
Bolkcom and Lafayette Bolkcom, sons of James
Bolkcom, are still living in the county. Robins Doug-
las married for his first wife Hannah Bolkcom, a sis-
ter of these brothers. James Bolkcom, many years
before his death, lost his dwelling-house and its con-
tents by fire, w^ith no insurance. The loss bore heav-
ily upon him, at his advanc^ed stage of life. The Bolk-
com brothers were successful farmers and most excel-
lent citizens.
Ephraim Pulis, son of Conrad Pulis, of Dyberry,
when a young man, took up the farm upon which his
widow and son, Spencer, now live. He was a
commissioner of the coimty, for many years a justice
of the peace, and was active in promoting the cause
of education and all projects which promised to bene-
20
154 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
lit the coniinunity. He died of consumption, leavinij;
a widow and three children. A. K. Bishop lives upon
an old farm, formerly owned by Aner K. Treat.
Bishop married a daughter of Oliver White, who lived
on the south-west side of the First Factory pond.
After the death of White, Bishop lived for a while
upon tlie place and, upon his removal to Lebanon,
sold the premises to John Blake.
Osborn Mitchell lives upon a part of the property
once owned bv Georoje W. Hamlin. Mitc-hell mar-
ried Emily, the youngest daughter of Richard Nel-
son, and was the son of Abram Mitchell.
Fifty years ago Lester Spaiford was assessed as
having tifty- three acres of land, John Spafford as hav-
ing a like quantity, Seymour Spaiford as owning one
hundred and six acres, and David Spaiford iifty.
But they have all departed, there l)eing not one of the
name left in the town. At that time there ^vere but
forty-iive resident taxables, as we learn from an as-
sessment, made by Stephen J. Partridge, one of them
being John D. Graham, w^ho was assessed as having
one liundred acres of land, being the Patrick Coffee
place, east of Yale's.
Li 1825 Lewis Payne was assessed as having two
hundred and ninety acres of land. Had he taken up
iifty acres he might have paid for them. It used to
be his boast that he would die rich or very near it.
William Ridd and others now o\y\\ the lands, excel-
lent in quality, upon which Payne failed to get rich,
as he had promised to do.
TO WNSHIFS— PALMYRA. 155
Jacob Stalker, who was assessed in the same year
as owning one hundred and twenty acres of land, mar-
ried a daughter of John Douglas. His sons, Asa and
David, and two daughters are still living. Jesse Bel-
knap paid taxes on fifty-three acres of land ; Horace
Belknap, on thirty-three acres; and David Belknap,
on thirty-seven acres. All had houses, neat cattle,
and other taxable property. These individuals have
all passed away.
Linus Hamlin, from New England, forty years ago
])egan and cleared up a farm, which, upon his death,
descended to his son, George W., who improved the
land and erected new buildings and built a costly
saw-mill upon Big brook and a circnlar saw-mill fur-
ther up tlie stream. G. W. Hamlin linally failed and
the most of his lands fell into the hands of Messrs.
Weiss, Knapp, and Jenkins, of Honesdale.
There are many other worthy residents in tlie town
who have not ])een mentioned, as the design was to
notice only the old and original settlers. Girdland
will be noticed under Oregon tow^nship.
For many long years the early settlers had to
1 )attle with difficulties and to submit to grievous pri-
vations, a recital of which will be found in another,
part of this work. After the completion of the Co-
checton and Great Bend turnpike road, in 1811, the
Lebanon people had facilities for obtaining salt, leather,
and other indispensable articles, which were not en-
joyed by the people in other parts of the county.
Most of the original settlers were from New Eng-
156 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
land, and were a people who considered it their duty
to educate their children to the best of their alnlity.
When we take into consideration that they liad no
high schools in Lebanon, it must be conceded that the
families of Yale, Douglas, Gager, Bass, Lincoln, and
others were as well educated as are tlie children of
the present day in our common schools. Lebanon
now has four schools and supports a part of a school
in Girdland. There are no manufacturing estab-
lishments. Agriculture, that preservative art of all
arts, is the sole dependence of the people. There is
yet much good land unimproved in the township, the
most of which belongs to Coe F. Young, Esq., of
Honesdale.
CHAPTER XIIL
TO WNSHIPS—PALMYBA.
UPON the separation of Pike from Wayne county,
Palmyra was divided into two parts, the Wallen-
paupack l)eing the dividing line. From the part of
Palmyra left in Wayne county, Paupack has since been
erected, leaving the township one of the smallest in
the county. It is now bounded north-west by Cherry
Ridge and Texas, north bv Berlin, south-east bv Pike
. TOWNSHIPS— PALM YK A. 157
coimty, and south-west by Paupaek or tlie old Milford
Heuben Jones, Jasper Parish, Stephen Parish, and
a son of Jacob KimlJe, Sen., were taken prisoners by
the Mohawk Indians, near Panpack Eddy, after the
battle of Wyoming. The young man named Stephen
Kimble not being well was made to carry such heavy
1)urdens by the Indians that he gave out and was tom-
ahawked; so said Reuben Jones upon his return, but
Stephen Parish said that he died a natural deatli. Jas-
per Parish married an Indian wife, remained ^vith
the Indians, and made his fortune. Stephen Parish,
after peace was declared, returned to Paupaek and
practiced as an Indian doctor, but finally went l)ack
and died among the Indians. Reuben Jones, being a
very large and powerful man, was considered as a re-
markable trophy by the Indians, who looked upon him
as one of the dread sons of Anak, and treated him witli
the greatest respect, but w^atched him with the keenest
vigilance. He was with them six or eight months.
When a boy, about sixty-seven years ago, I heard him
relate how he escaped from the Indians. Tlie boastful
young braves would challenge him to run Mith them,
and he was shrewd enough to let them l)arely beat
him. Repeated trials were made with like results.
Having secretly filled his tattered pockets with dried
venison, Jones challenged one of the swiftest of the
young Indians to make one decisive race. The chal-
lenge was accepted, and said Jones : "After we had
run a mile or so I never saw anything more of that
158 HISTORY'' OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Indian. I struck for the head-waters of the Delaware
and thence to Panpack Eddy by the way of Bioj Eddy,
and on my way ate nothing but that venison." Jones
said he was captured through the duplicity of an Indian
(tailed Canope, who professed to be friendly to the
wliites. After peace was concluded, Canope was se-
cretly murdered, and the killing was charged upon
Benjamin Haines, who always denied it. It was be-
lieved up in Paupack that Jones killed Canope, as he
had great provocation so to do. After Jones came
home, he, with his brothers Alpheus and Alexander,
and a sister called Widow Cook, built a small house
above the mouth of Middle creek, and Jones Eddy was
named after them. About the same time Elisha Ames
!)uilt and began on the David Bishop farm. They
were the first settlers in and about Hawley, and were
natives of Connecticut. Thomas Spangenberg found
they had been there some time Avhen he came into the
county in 1794.
Coeval with the settlement of Jones was that of
Benjamin Haines upon the present premises of George
S. Atkinson. Haines w^as the noted Indian killer
whose exploits have been the text for many a sensa-
tional article in our country newspapers, which articles
were never monotonous, no two of them ever reading
alike. Haines had one son named Poger who lived in
the upper part of the county. Jonathan Brink suc-
ceeded to the place of Benjamin Haines, and, after
living there many years, sold it to Joseph Atkinson,
who divided it between his sons, George S. and Asher
. TO WNSHIPS—PALMYBA. 159
M., and the latter sold his part to Daniel Kimble, Jr.
Daniel Kiml)le, Sen., located at White Mills. He
married Jane Koss, a native of New Jersey, and they
raised a large family. He was, for many years, a jus-
tice of the peace, and was a noted man among the first
settlers. A man by the name of George Neldin first
commenced an improvement at Panpack Eddy, and
built the first saw-mill in that region. Joseph Atkin-
son, from New Jersey, when a young man, first came
to the Narrows and worked in the mills built there l)y
Robert L. Hooper, who committed said mills to the
care of Esquire Snyder, a grandfather of Joseph At-
kinson. This was about 1810. Atkinson soon left
and went up to Paupack Eddy and engaged to work
in Neldin's mill. After continuing in Neldin's
employ several years, he bought out all of his posses-
sions, married a daughter of Ephraim Kimble, at the
Narrows, and continued to live there during his life.
In middle life he lost his first wife, and afterwards
married Fanny, a daughter of Benjamim Kimble, and
cousin of his first wife. She is yet living at the old
sixteen children, most of whom are yet living. He
was proud of his family and his wife, as he had good
reason to be. About 1792, Judge James Wilson, then
one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the Unit-
ed States, owned the lands upon the Wallenpaupack
and was made to believe that they were peculiarly
adapted for the raising of hemp and flax, and that the
manufacture of the same could be made profitable, and
160 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
ill or Mbout 1792, commenced tlie building of a factory
for that purpose, at a point above the tannery of Judge
Cromwell. The l)uilding was completed and well built,
but of its size and cost nothing delinite can be learned.
Its cost was estimated at from $8,000 to$12,000. Its
size is supposed to have l)een from tliirty to forty feet
square. It was put in operation and did some work,
but failed for tlie want of material. About the same
time. Judge Wilson failed. Tlie factory was sold to
Benjamin Kimble, and some one else, who, after tak-
ing out what was valuable, burnt it down to get the
iron. Wliile said factory was building several houses
were erected at Wilson ville, but the place soon de-
clined, and in 1822 there was only a tavern-house, be-
longing to Leonard Labar, who sold the premises to
John and William Shouse, wlio disposed of the same
to Frederick W. Farnham. It would be wrong to
forget John R. Compton, who, with his family, lived
])elow Samuel Kimble on the old Milford and Owego
turnpike road. He was always constable or super-
visor in Palmyra. David Compton lived below John
R., and sold out his farm, in 1846, to John M. Ball,
a Baptist minister from Orange county, N. Y., who
built OY owned a saw-mill on Swamp pond creek. He
had five children, all now living, three sons and two
daughters. Henry Ball, proprietor of the Wayn(»
County Hotel, in Honesdale, is the only one of the
family living in tlie county. The Balls were of Eng-
lish desc^ent.
About sixty-live years ago Jason Torrey, Al)islia
T0WNSHIFjS—PAL3fYBA. 161
Woodward, and Moses Kellaiii bought the place after
wards called the Daniels farm, built a frame house, call
ed it "New Castle," and carried on lumbering on a
large scale there for years, and then sold out the
premises to Joseph Atkinson, who, in his turn, sold
them to Kussell Daniels, from Connecticut. He be-
came a noted lumberman, and for many years kept a
public house. He had several sons, namely, Franklin,
Ira, George, Martin, Edmund, and Dighton. The
lumber manufactured at "New Castle" was always in
In 1828, lifty-one years ago, Joseph Atkinson and
David Bishop, with their families and workmen, made
up the population of the present site of Hawley. The
canal was not then built. Paupack Eddy, in time of
freshets, was almost bridged across by rafts of sawed,
hewn, and round white-pine timber, intermixed with
cherry and ash, the sale of which brought a large
amount of money into the county. At that time all
the hills along the Lackawaxen which are now deso-
late and treeless, were mostly covered with white pine.
In that year Plenry Heermans and Zenas Nicholson,
of Salem, built a saw-mill on the Pike county side of
the Paupack, at wdiat was called the Sliding Fall,
about one-third of a mile from the mouth. Hunting-
ton Collins and myself are the only survivors of all
who helped to build it. Inclining toward the Circling
Eddy, at the foot of said Sliding Fall, were rocks,
which were sometimes out of and sometimes under the
water, in whicli the water, by revolving pebble-stones,
21'
162 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
had worn holes of uniform size to the depth of three
or four feet. The holes have a circumference from
two to three feet, and will at some time be shown a^
strange curiosities. The best of pine boards were
then but nine dollars per thousand in Philadelphia.
Heermans and Nicholson succeeded in their enter-
prise and sold ont to Fuller & Co. In 1829 the Del-
aware <fe Hudson Canal was completed and commenc-
ed work ; then a turnpike and plank-road was built
between Honesdale and Panpack Eddy ; and that part
of the village of HaAvley east of the canal at once
assumed the character of a hamlet with a church,
several stores, and an excellent house of entertain-
ment. About 1847, the Pennsylvania Coal Company's
Road was built, and gave existence to Hawley. The
length of said coal road from Hawley to Port Griffith
is forty -seven miles. It is a gravity road, worked by
stationary engines. In 1865, the locomotive railroad
from Lackawaxen to Hawley, called the Hawley
Branch of the Erie Kailroad, was built, length sixteen
and nine-tenth miles. In 1868, this branch was ex-
tended to Honesdale. For the convenience of the
traveling pn}>lic, a passenger train has been for years
run between Hawley and Dunmore. In 1829, a sur-
vey was made to ascertain the most feasible route for
a railroad, or canal, or both of them from the coal-
fields of the Lackawaxen to Paupack Eddy. An act
of Assembly was passed, Ttli of April, 1830, incoi-por-
ating "The Wallenpaupack Improvement Company.''
Nathaniel B. Eldred, David Nol)le, Jeremiah Bennett,
TOWNSHIPS— PALMYBA. 163
James M. Porter, and Evans Kees, very able men,
were commissioners. H. G. Sargent, civil engineer,
made a flattering report of the feasibility of making
a double-track railroad from the coal mines to the
forks of the Wallenpaupack, sixteen miles, thence by
canal or slack-water navigation to Wilson ville falls,
eighteen and one-half miles, thence again by railroad
or by canal one mile and a half, down a declivity of
three hundred and twenty-flve feet to the Delaware
and Hudson Canal. The cost of constructing the
w^hole was estimated at ^430,500. But the whole
project failed for want of capital, and the Pennsylva-
nia Coal Company afterwards chose a better route for
descending from the head waters of the Wallenpau-
pack to the Lackawaxen. The great fall of three hun-
dred and twenty-five feet in the Wallenpaupack be-
tween Wilsonville and the mouth of said stream,
attests the astonishing amount of watei'-power afforded
for the propulsion of machinery. Nothing of the
kind of equal magnitude can be found in Northern
Pennsylvania. If that power were all judiciously ap-
plied, it would move more machinery than is used in
the great manufacturing town of Lowell, in Massa-
chusetts.
The first fall, which is of about seventy feet, is a
few rods below the bridge across the Paupack, at
Wilsonville. Here, in the last century. Judge AVilson
greatly benefited the first settlers by building a grist-
mill and saw-mill. The next fall is called the Sliding
Fall; then there are two more where the water falls
164 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
perpendicularly, about thirty feet at each, and the
last is above Judge Cromwell's tannery, and is seen
from the cars of the Honesdale Branch of the Erie
R. Road. Below White Mills is an eddy called
" Fish Pole Eddy," on the shore of which grew the
lari>;est pine ever known to the lumbermen on the
*' Lackawack." Charles Kimble put it into the eddy
and ran it down the river to Philadelphia, for Mr.
Hambleton. Ten or fifteen feet al)ove the ground it
was forked, and had to be split in order to run it. At
its stump it was eleven feet in diameter, and in jest it
was called "The Fish Pole." The joke brings to
mind the description of the enormous Norwegian
fisherman :
' ' A two-inch cable he took for a line,
For a pole he cut a tall mountain pine ;
He caught a sea-serpent and cut off his tail,
Then sat on a rock and bobbed for a whale."
The north-western and north-eastern parts of the
township are sparsely settled, and, although the agri-
cultural population is increasing, yet the township is
thereby become one of the wealthiest townships in the
county.
The township has one weekly newspaper, the Haw-
ley Times ; ten common schools, including the newly
established graded school, which has an hnposing
building; one Roman Catholic churc^h. Saint Pliilo-
mena ; one Baptist ; one German Reformed ; one Pres-
ley terian ; and one Methodist Episcopal church.
TO WNSHIPS—PA UP A CK. 165
CHAPTEK Xiy.
TOWNSHIPS— PA UP ACK.
THIS township was taken off of Palmyra in 1850.
It is bounded north-west by Cherry Ilidge, north-
east by Palmyra, south-east by the Wallenpaupack, and
west by Salem and Lake. Most of the lands in the
northern and eastern parts are unimprov-ed. The
township is well watered, having the Goose pond in
the middle of the southern part, and Long and Purdy's
ponds in the w^estern part. The outlets of the latter-
named ponds furnish good mill sites which are used ;
Middle creek runs through the north-east section, and
the Wallenpaupack furnishes one-third of the boundary
of the towmship. So wide, deep, and slow-moving is
the Wallenpaupack that a few years ago the Ledgedale
Tannery Company ran a steamboat several summers
on that stream between Wilsonville and Ledgedale, to
carry up hides and take back leather.
Silas Purdy, Sr., and family were the first settlers
permanently located on the west side of the Wallen-
paupack, about the year 1787. He was a farmer by
occupation, and he had six sons and several daughters.
His oldest son, Jacob, was the first blacksmith, and at
the age of forty emigrated to the Lake country.
Ephraim, the second son, built the first grist-mill, and
166 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
was patronized l)y Salem, Canaan, and all along the
Lackawaxen river. It was built on tlie outlet of the
Hallock or Long pond creek, and its location is still
known by the old decayed timbers." Amos and Isaac
Purdy emigrated to Ohio. Peter Purdy fell heir to
the old homestead ; he was a blacksmith and built the
first saw-mill on a stream on his farm, A public house
was kept there many years, for it was once looked
upon as the most important business location in the
township, as it was when the first road authorized by
law was laid out from Milford by the way of Blooming
Grove to Hezekiah Bingham's, thence passing through
Purdyville, and thence onward to John II. Schenck's,
and thence to Asa Stanton's on tlie north and soutli
road. Among the papers of Judge Samuel Preston is
found a petition to the Judges of Wayne county to
convene at Milford, Dec. lOth, 1798, asking for the
confirmation of said road, signed by Willliam Purdy,
Jacob Purdy, Solomon Purdy, Reuben Purdy, William
Purdy, Jr., Ebenezer Purdy, Ephraim Purdy, Silas
Purdy, Amos Purdy, Jedediah Willis, Solomon AYillis,
Henry Husted, Ilo])ert Hartford, Elias Hartford, and
James Hartford. We remember them all excepting
Solomon Willis. The road was confirmed and a branch
therefrom laid through Rollisonville to the cross-roads
at Salem Corners. This shows wdio were the real resi-
dents at that time. But to resume the history of the
Purdy families. Elder William Purdy came to this
township from Nine Partners on the North river in
the State of New York, in 1792, with a family of six
TO WNSHIFS—PA UFA CK. 167
sons and two daughters, and began two miles west of
Silas Purdy, Sen. The lands were taken up two years
before the family moved into the county. The minis-
terial labors of Elder William Purdy, who was a Bap-
tist clergyman extended through parts of Luzerne,
Wayne, and Pike, from Wilkesbarre to Abington in
Luzerne, and from Mount Pleasant to Paupack. He
was one of the leading spirits in organizing the first
Baptist church and the Abington Baptist Association.
He died in 1824, aged seventy-five. Beuben Purdy,
the eldest son of the Elder, located adjoining his father,
and as a licentiate filled the pulpit in his father's place.
He was many years a justice of the peace. He died
in 1855, aged eighty-two. His son, PeubenR. Purdy,
who was a popular commissioner of Wayne, and w^ho
became the proprietor of his father's estate, died a few
years since. Darius G. Purdy, his son, to whom we
are indebted for much of the history of the Purdy
family, is yet living at or near Purdyville. Solomon
Purdy, the second son of Wm. Purdy, occupied lands
adjoining his father on the north, w^as a prosperous
farmer, and loved the sports that hunting and fishing
afforded. He lived to the age of eighty years. James
Purdy, the third son of Elder William Purdy, settled
east of his father, and afterward purchased a farm on
the Lackawaxen near Paupack Eddy, where he died,
aged seventy. William Purdy, the fourth son, was a
Baptist minister, living and preaching many years at
Bethany, afterwards emigrating to the State of Ohio.
Ebenezer, the fifth son, owned a farm nortli of his
168 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
brother Solomon, and died in the prime of life. Abner,
the yoimgest of the family, removed to Ohio, and in
1876 was living at the age of eighty-six. We would
not neglect to state that Silas Pnrdy, the first settler,
died in 1814, and that Martial Pm'dy is yet living on
the old homestead. The Purdys must have been of
Puritanic origin, as they preached, prayed, and read in
the sing-song tone of the old Puritans. Tliey were a
quiet, peaceable, law-abiding, temperate people. They
were more or less lumbermen, as the forests were then
waving with the noblest of white pines. Simeon
Ansley, a son of Major John Ansley, lived about two
miles below Silas Purdy's, and there kept a hotel on
the old Lake country road. Mifflin Ansley was his son.
The Hartfords will be mentioned under Salem town-
ship.
Ambrose Buckingham, from Saybrook, Connecticut,
about 1825, began at or near the line between Salem
and Paupack. He was a very industrious man and
the father of Emma May Buckingham, the poetess,
and the authoress of the works entitled, ''A Self-Made
Woman," "Silver Chalice," "Pearl," etc.
Uriah Williams, a lineal descendant of Roger Wil-
liams, lived in Paupack many years; his Avife was a
Hewitt. George Williams lives on the old homestead.
John H. lives at Nobletown. He had other children
whose residences are unknown.
Paupack has one Methodist Episcopal church, and
in 1878 had six public schools.
At Hemlock Hollow is a post-office, and about that
TO WNSHIPS—PA UFA CK. 169
village seems to center the principal business of the
town, and it is strange that it was not called Purdy-
town, as it ought to have been.
On or near the western border of this township
was a dark, dreary sw^amp called "The Shades of
Death." Chapman, in his history of Wyoming says,
when describing the sequel of the massacre at Wyo-
ming : "• The remainder of the inhabitants were driven
from the valley and compelled to proceed on foot six-
ty miles through the great swamp, almost without food
or clothing. A number perished on the journey,
principally women and children, some died of wounds,
others wandered from the path in search of food and
w^ere lost, and those wdio survived called the wilder-
ness through which they passed, "The Shades of
Death," an appellation which it has since retained."
The settlers in Paupack, wdiose account is sustained
by Miner, in his history of Wj^oming, asserted that
there in that dread swamp a child died, and the fran-
tic hunger of the sufferers led them to cook and eat
it, the abstaining mother standing by and weeping.
The next day they all crossed the Paupack, after
which she w^ent back and drowned herself, to escape
from the distracting memory of the tragic event.
22
170 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
CHAPTER XY.
TO WNSHIPS— CAN A AN.
THIS was un original township, established soon
after tlie erection of the county, in 1798. It then
included Salem, which was set off in 1808, and a part
of Cherry Hidge, since erected, leaving the township
then bounded north by Mount Pleasant, east by Dy-
berry, (now mostly by Cherry Ridge), and south by
Salem, and west by Luzerne county. The northern
part was taken off in 1834, to make up the township
of Clinton, and in 1851, Waymart was scooped out of
its northern part. Finally the territory remaining in
1851 was divided by an order of (iourt, of Febniary
sessions, 1852, into Canaan and South Canaan. To
give with accuracy an account of the first settlers, it
will be necessary to (consider the bounds of the town-
ship, as it was after the excision of Salem township.
The township is well watered by the Middle creek and
its branches, and the streams running into and from
the ponds, the chief of which are called Elk Forest,
Stanton's, Keene's, Hoadley's, and Curtis's ponds.
The Moosic mountain runs through tlie north-western
part of the township. The rest of tlie land is not in-
conveniently hilly, has a south-eastern or southern
declivity, and produces excellent crops of hay, coi-n,
TO WNSHIPS— CANAAN. 171
rye, oats, and buckwheat. The old Easton and Bel-
mont turnpike road, which was called the north and
es, carrying mails and passengers, ran daily upon it,
and large numbers of cattle and sheep w^ere driven
down and along it from Western New York to Easton
and Philadelphia, for twenty-five or thirty years. It
furnished what w^as then considered a convenient com-
munication wdth Easton, from which the merchandise
and goods used in the lower part of tlie county were
transported in wagons. There w^as much travel upon
the road. The Milford and Owego turpike was built
or finished in 1815. Besides daily mail-coaches there
was a constant stream of travel over it, it being then
one of the roads lying in a direct line from the city
of New York through New Jersey and Northern
Pennsylvania to the western counties of New York,
and many droves of sheep and cattle were driven year-
ly in the fall months to market. The Honesdale and
Clarkville turnpike, built in 1831, afforded the people
kets at Honesdale. But the travel and business of
the county having been diverted into other channels
by the railroads, the said turnpikes, the making of
which drew severely upon the resources of the people,
have been thrown up, and, like paupers, are supported
by the townships where they belong.
We must now speak of the early settlement of the
township. It has been stated in the former part
of this work, that tlie object of the writer is to pre-
172 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
sent a history of those who first settled and cleared up
the country as it was when God made it, with all its
hills and valleys, lakes and streams. Asa Stanton,
Margaret Bryant, of Bethany, daughter of John Bur-
leigli, and widow Sarah Keed, of Honesdale, daugliter
of Otto Wagoner, deceased, all born in Canaan town-
ship, furnished most of the following history:
y John Shaffer, originally from Germany, moved
from Orange county, N. Y., to Canaan, in 1783. He
hought a tract of land, and first lived on Middle
creek, below the old north and south road. His son,
John Shaffer, was born in Orange county, N. Y. His
second son, Moses Shaft'er, was the first child born in
the town. His third son, Samuel Shaffer, was born
in the same place. John Shaffer had five daughters,
all born in Canaan, namely, Catherine, married to
James McLean, (who was killed by a limb that fell
from a tree), Susan, married to Joshua Burleigh, Ef-
fie, married to Jacob Swingle, Betsey, married to
Edward Doyle, of Buckingham, and Polly, married
to Samuel Chumard. The said John Shaffer built an
overshot mill, upon the Middle creek, at or near the
place always thereafter called "Shaffer's Mill." This
was the first mill of any worth. There had l)een one
])uilt further up the creek, which had no bolter. The
women sifted the ground corn and rye through sieves,
Tnade of perforated buckskin, stretched over a hoop.
Adam Wagoner. His granddaughter, Mrs. Reed,
thinks he first came into the county in 1783, that he
moved into a sugar house, built of logs and covered
TO WNSHIFS— CANAAN. 173
with bark, upon the farm now owned by Edgar Wells,
and thence moved to the farm now owned l^y Jonatlian
Swingle, where he died in 1793. He had two sons,
Otto Wagoner, who died about eleven years ago, aged
eighty-two years, and John Wagoner, who died long
ago, and four daughters, one of whom, named Sally,
the widow of Frederick Swingle, deceased, is yet liv-
ing, aged eighty-nine years. Adam Wagoner was of
Pennsylvania German descent.
Hans Sura Swingle, from Germany, settled in this
Jeremiah, Frederick, Jacob, John, and Henry, all of
whom settled about him and were successful farmers.
He had, also, four daughters, namely, Katy, married
to Geo. Enslin; Morilla, married to Henry Curtis;
Christina, wife of Silas W^oodward; and Mary, wife
of Moses Shaffer, all of whom have gone to their rest.
The descendants of the above named family are so
numerous that to give their names would take more
space than can be spared. Perhaps there is no fami-
ly in the county tliat has so well kept up its name and
numbers as the Swini>;le familv.
/ Henry Curtis was a German. He came into the
town about 1784, and settled on Middle creek. For
four years he was in actual service as a soldier in Ger-
many, and three years as such in the Revolutionary
war. He had one son, Hans Curtis, who married
Polly Wagoner, daughter of Adam Wagoner.
George Enslin, a blacksmith from Ke\\^)ort, Pa.,
located at an early day. He had one son, Simeon
174: HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Enslin. fie had other cliildreii, all of whom are
dead, leaving children now resident in the town.
John Bunting, a Quaker, made the first clearing
between Col. Asa Stanton's and the Swingle Settle-
ment, near the old Cortright tannery. He made an
assessment of the town, in 1800, when there were only
thirty-four taxables, including Salem, Sterling, part of
Cherry Ridge, and part of Clinton. He assessed to
himself 446 acres of land. In the year of 1802 he
was appointed the first justice of the peace in Canaan.
Daniel Bunting, his son, succeeded him as assessor, and
served several years, and then removed and settled on
the west branch of the Lackaw^axen below Aldenville,
took up a large quantity of land, and there, for some
years, kept a house of public entertainment. All the
families afore-mentioned, save that of John Bunting,
were Germans. Their neighborhood was always known
as the "Dutch Settlement." They were industrious,
hospitable, and honest. There were no sharpers or
speculators among them. They took up the very best
lands in South Canaan.
The history of the Stantons is given by Asa Stan-
ton as follows: " My father, Asa Stanton, was born
in Preston, Conn. His wife, Zibah Kimble, was a
cousin of Walter Kimble. He first moved into Pau-
pack, lived there one year, and, in 1790, moved to
Canaan and located on the old north and south State
four of whom besides myself are now^ living, -iiamely,
William Stanton, of Waymart ; Levi Stanton, of Mich-
TOWNSHIPS— CANAAN. 175
igan ; Louisa, who married Philander Bettis ; and Julia,
who married Harrison Wentz. Samuel Stanton, a
cousin of father's, settled in Mount Pleasant, twelve
miles north of us, in 1791. Father built a large log-
house and kept travelers and drovers. We had to
learn how to do without everything that we could not
raise or make for ourselves. Salt was brought from
Newburg on pack-horses. The winter of 1792 was se-
vere, and really terrible. According to father's account,
the snow began on the 18th of November, and fell
most of the time for two weeks. He had raised some
corn that season, and he bought some rye, but it was
not tit for food until it had been ground. So in the
winter of 1793, Elijah Dix, Elder Elijah Peck, and he
went to mill at Slocum Hollow, (now Scranton,) with
three yoke of oxen and a span of horses, and, being
snowed in, they were gone nine days. They fed out
one-third of their grists to the teams. In the winter
of 1791, father carried up provisions to Samuel Stan-
ton's family in Mount Pleasant to keep them from
starvation. Game and deer were plenty, or we should
all have perished. He bought three hundred and twen-
ty acres of land on the old State road, and three hun-
dred acres around the Stanton pond, where he built
a saw-mill. Father was deputy-sheriff of Pike county,
under Abraham Mulf ord, and afterwards treasurer. He
was elected colonel after the organization of the county.
We sometimes went to mill at Slocum Hollow, some-
times at Wilsonville, and sometimes at Ephraim
Purdy's ; frecjuently we pounded our corn in a mortar.
176 HISTORY OF WAY^NE COUNTY.
We made our sugar and sold some. Bees were abun-
dant in the woods and the streams were alive with
trout. Tlie first bolting grist-mill was built in South
Canaan by John Shaffer. Before that a mill was built
west of Lerch's for grinding corn. The first saw-mill
was built by Amos Bronson and liis l^rother. Iron
being scarce, they made the crank of a natural-crooked
white oak. The first man that settled and made a
clearing between us and the Shaffer Settlement was
John Bunting. He ]>egan near the Cortright tannery.
Daniel Stevenson, of Barnegat, N. J., was the first
man that settled betw^een father's and Samuel Stanton's.
Samuel Chmnard settled about one mile and a half
above us, on the old road. He sold out to Hezekiah
Leach. Samuel West, a Baptist clergyman, next be-
gan north of us. His son, David S. West, who occu-
pied his father's improvements, w^as a man of educa-
tion and a noted surveyor. John Fobes, Esq., a justice
of the peace, began at Canaan Corners in or about 1806,
and Caleb Fobes settled on the widow Jonas Stanton
place. Jonas Stanton lived on the flat called the New-
man place, in 1811. Jacob Stanton, who settled and
died at Little Meadows, in Salem, was a distant rela-
tive of father. My parents, in 1817, went on a visit
down East, and on their return in crossing the Dela-
ware, a sudden storm arose and the boat filled with
water. Father saved mother, but having on a heavy
overcoat was carried down the stream and drowned.
This was on the 12th day of November, 1817, at Co-
(?hecton, N. Y. Seth Eaton settled at an early day
TO WNSHIFS— CANAAN. Ill
I used to hunt considerably on the head waters of
the Lehigh and Tobyhanna and trap beavers and mar-
tens. There nsed to be many beavers caught in
Canaan and I have seen their houses biult three stories
high. Father killed a number of elk, and Charles
Stanton killed one that had horns eacli four feet long
and they weighed twenty-five pounds. I killed six
deer in one day, and one Imndred and two in one
year, besides several bears and foxes. I have the
horns of the great elk killed by Charles Stanton.
The winters were not as cold then as they are novs',
but were longer and attended with more snow. On
the last day of March, 1804, father sent me to Major
Ansley's, in Palmyra, to get a horse shod. The snow^
fell three feet deep and I was gone three w^eeks. I
was born in Canaan."
Among the other settlers who commenced at an
early date may be named James Carr. He had four
sons, namely, John, Thomas, Erastus, and James.
John A. Gustin married one of his daughters, and
Randall Wilmot, fatlier of David Wilmot, married
another. Mrs. Gustin is yet living in Honesdale.
There are many descendants of James Carr, Sen., in
the county. In 1805, Elias Yan Auken was assessed
for two hundred and sixty-four acres of Lmd. He
gave the name to the creek on which he lived. Geo.
Rix was assessed with two hundred and ten acres, and
Justus Cobb with four hundred acres. Each was
assessed for a house and a few acres of impro^'ed
23
178 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
land, the remainder of the hinds being in a wild state.
Amos Bronson and his brother were from Schoharie,
X. Y. The latter was an ingenious, self-taught mill-
wright. In 1807, Daniel Jaggers was assessed with
four lumdred acres, mostly wild land, lying east of
the Shaifers. Wareham Day, fi*om Connecticut, mar-
ried a daughter of Abraham Hoagley, a former
justice of the peace, and was elected county commis-
sioner. Vene Lee, of Connecticut, was a farmer and
had two sons, Horace and John. Horace married
Catherine Hamlin, and John married Eliza Chumard.
William Griffin, from Connecticut, was a farmer aiid
cabinet maker. He was also a Methodist local min-
ister, who held meetings in barns in summer and in
private dwellings in cold weather.
Silas Hoadley, a farmer, settled above William
Griffin's and was a man highly respected in his day.
He had three sons : one, named Eli, was killed by a
tree; one, named Oliver, died suddenly of heart dis-
ease ; and the other, whose name w^as Luther, lived and
died on the old place. Mrs. Mary Ann Sampson, late
of Honesdale, deceased, the Avidow of Ward W. Samp-
son, late of Canaan, deceased, was a (Uiughter of Silas
Abraham Lloadley, who was no relative of the
above family, settled on land north-east of George
Enslin. He had two scms : one of them, John P.
of Cherry Jlidge. Miles Hoadley, the other son, left
TO WNSHIFS— CANAAN. 179
H large family. The Hoadleys were all from Connect-
icut.
Abram Frisbie, a farmer, had three sons, namely,
Solomon, Hiram, and Philemon. Solomon married
Charlotte, the youngest daughter of Jesse Morgan.
Hiram, yet li\dng, moved to Carbondale and kept
boarders and wayfaring men in the first house ]>uilt in
the place. It was excellently kept, as w^e well remem-
ber. It is claimed that he took the first coal to mar-
ket that was ever taken over the mountain to the
Lackawaxen. Philemon moved from the county.
Probably there are some persons living in Canaan
who remember the widow Frisbie, whose peculiarities
were such as to excite their recollection of them. Her
clothing, which was. white, she manufactured from
wool taken from living sheep. She had her shoes
made from the hide of some animal that died a nat-
ural death. She ate no animal food, and claimed that
the command, ''Thou shalt not kill," forbade the tak-
ing of the life of any living creature, and replied to
the assertion that animal food is necessary to give
men strength, that elephants, horses, camels, and oxen,
which are the strongest of animals and have the
greatest powers of endurance, live wliolly upon vegeta-
ble food and refuse to eat flesh ; that the killing and
eating of animals makes us gross, sensual, and cruel;
and that the person who can wdth indifference see pain
and anguish inflicted upon any of God's creatures, is
but one remove above an idiot or a devil. To one
who sought to convince her that lier belief was but a
180 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
delusive vagary, she replied that she was not afraid of
going to any part of God's universe where she should
repent of having been merciful to all his creatures.
Noble woman ! She was in advance of her age. She
could say, in the words of Goldsmith's hermit:
*'No beasts that range the forests free, to slaughter
I condemn ;
Taught by that power that pities me, I learn to
pity them."
Her countenance was radiant with benehcence and
very attractive. She finally returned to Connecticut,
from whence she came.
/^Joseph Cobb was from Tunkhannock and married
Abigail Stephens. He had several sons, namely,
Jesse, Joseph, Lovell, Noah, John, and Ebenezer.
Asa Cobb, a brotlier of the said Joseph, lived on the
from Salem to Providence. He married Sarah Stephens,
a very noted woman in her day, as she rode far
and near in the practice of obstetrics. Providence was
always spoken of as belonging in Salem, although it
was in Luzerne county. Asa Cobb kept a tavern dur-
ing his life and was succeeded in the business by his
son, John Cobb, who married a daughter of Conrad
Swingle. Her fame was known far and near, as she,
in a iierce battle, with nothing but a stake, killed a
large wolf, that was chasing her sheep. According
to Mrs. Bryant, each family had a Noah, John, and
Ebenezer. Cyprian Cobb and Ebenezer Cobb, of
Salem, were sons of Asa Cobb.
TO WNSHIPS— CANAAN. 181
Elislui Ames, wlio was an early settler near Pan-
pack Eddy, is nientioned in an assessment of Palmyra
made in 1801, as being in Canaan. He is supposed
to be the progenitor of the Ames family. H. Ames,
who lives on the old Milford and Owego turnpike, has
been a resident in the town for many years.
Matthias Keen, better known as Captain Keen, a
native of Orange county, N. Y., first moved to Mil-
ford, Pike county, and thence to Canaan, in 1815.
He first lived on (3rchard hill, and made a dam at
the mouth of Keen's pond, then called "Canoe pond,"
in drawing a gun towards him in a canoe, it went oif
and the ball was lodged in his hip. After he had suf-
fered much. Dr. Mahony extracted the ball, but he
was left a cripple for life. He erected the first carding-
machine in that region of the country, and to it there
was a wool-picker attached. Before this all the wool
was picked and carded by liand, but the machine
diminished much of tlie labor of the women, and Cap-
tain Keen was complimented as a public benefactor.
He built the first grist-mill in that part of the town,
and Deacon Kufus Grenell was the mill-wright. In
1834, that well-known mill-wright, Huntington Collins,
put up a saw-mill for liim. Captain Keen, who was a
prominent Freemason, was a man highly esteemed, and
was at one time captain of a uniformed company in
Orange county called the "Hepublican Blues." He
died in 1835. He had a large family, most of w^hom
are in the grave. The following named were his sons:
182 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
George M. Keen, late of Prompton, deceased, who was
a man of culture and of great moral excellence ; he
has two sons, Spencer and Frederick, who reside in
Honesdale, one named Mott, a resident of Prompton,
and one daughter, who is the wife of William F.
Wood, Esq., a former sheriff and prothonotary of the
county. Matthias Keen, Jr., a farmer who lived and
died in the county. eTames R. Keen, now living in
Honesdale, aged ninety-one, who was many years a most
elticient clerk of the commissioners of the county, and
register and recorder. Ja(?ob L. Keen, once a popular
commissioner of the county, is yet living in Canaan,
near the Keen's mills, of which he is now owner. Eli
C Keen, who settled near Keen's pond, was a soldier
in the w^ar of 1812. James B. Keen is his son.
Thomas Starkweather, generally known as Captain
Starkweather, according to the remembrance of Asa
Stanton, was an Eastern man and came into Canaan in
1811. Being an industrious, energetic man, he bought
and cleared up a valuable lot of land, and finally set-
tled at Canaan Corners, at a point at the intersection
of the Milford and Owego turnpike with the Belmont
and Eastern turnpike road, which was afterwards called
Wayneville. The travel upon said roads being great,
Mr. Starkweather built there a larire hotel which he
kept for many years to the satisfaction of all travelers
and with credit to himself. He built, also, a large
store-house, called the "Variety Store," kept by Stark-
weather and Robert Love. The place once had the
promise of becoming a prosperous village, but it was
TOWNSHIPS— CANAAN. 183
finally overshadowed hj Waymart. Wayneville, how-
ever, was for many years a prominent place. George
A. Starkweather, Esq., now living in Waymart, is a
son of Captain Starkweather. Leonard Starkweather
built the lirst tavern house in the vicinity of Waymart,
about 1832, at or near the residence of Roswell F.
Patterson, Esq., and the same was kept as a public
house for many years. Previous to l)uilding there he
was eisrht or ten years constal)le of Canaan.
Tliomas Clark came from near Milford, Pa., and,
in 1825, was licensed as a tavern-keeper, and rated as
a merchant in South Canaan ; afterwards he removed
to Canaan Corners and erected a tavern and a store
which were attended by himself. After it became
apparent that Waymart would be a place of impor-
tance, Mr. Clark removed thither and built a public
house, where he lived to the end of his days. He was
an active politician, and once treasurer of the county.
His wife was the daughter of Dr. Francis Smith,
of Milford. The great celebrity of Clark's house was,
no doubt, owing to the ability and taste of his wife.
Said Thon:ias Fuller to Clark, whom he liked at once
to flatter and to tease: "Tom, you do keep the best
tavern and set the best table that can be found within
my knowledge, or rather your loife does."
Jolm Spangenberg, a brother of Thomas Spangen-
l)erg, Esq., late of Bethany, while Canaan was covered
with woods, began in the w^est part of the town, and
many of his descendants are living in that vicinity.
184 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY.
The Spaiigenbergs came from New Jersey, and were
of German descent.
George Morgan, who died recently, aged nearly 100
years, was a son of Jesse Morgan, and moved from
Salem. They came at lirst from Connecticnt.
George E,ix located at the foot of the Moosic monn-
tain, and the Milford and Owego tnrnpike was built
past his liouse. In 1805 he was assessed as a farmer
and owning 208 acres of land. He was always called
Captain Rix, and w^as a prominent man in his day.
Levi Sampson lived on the place afterwards owned
by John B. Tntliill, Esq. There were three others of
the family, viz : William, Elijah, and Ward W. Samp-
son. They came from Connecticnt, but at what exact
time (nmnot be stated. Some of the family lived on
the Easton and Belmont tnrnpike road and kept the
gate sonth of Canaan Corners for a long time.
At a place called Millville, in the southern border
of tlie township, is a thickly settled neighborhood or a
scattered village which takes its name from the num-
ber of ruills on Middle creek. The site of the old
Shaffer mill is yet to be seen.
Lerch's Corners, so called from the fact that P. W.
Lerch, many years ago, commenced a store and tavern
there, has all the coiiveniences of a village and is the
place is some very choice land. Near here, about forty
years ago, a Protestant Methodist church was built,
and twelve years ago a Methodist Episcopal churcli.
[n the western part of the town is a Free Methodist
TO WNSHIPS— CANAAN. 185
cliiirch. 8()iit]» Canajin luis three liundred and thirty-
tliree taxjibles, with nme coinnioii schools. Canaan
lias one hnndred and ninety-one taxal)les with fiv<'
cH)mnion schools.
Way mart, as has been already stated, was incorpor-
ated in 1851. It appears yonng to me who can remem-
ber sixty or seventy years back ; it must appear so to our
veneral)le friend, Asa Stanton. But though young, it
lias acquired an excellent character. Without flattery
it nmst he said that as a law-abiding people, of high
intellectual culture and moral exellence, they occupy
an envied position. We wish to be relieved from the
task of describing them individually. It would be
like taking a measure of wlieat and examining each
grain separately and ending perhaps in not finding
one false or snmtty kernel. C. \1. Rogers keeps the
old Thomas Clark tavern, and is a popular landlord.
There is one Presb^^terian and one Methodist Episco-
pal church, and two common schools. Numbei* of
taxables, one hundred and sixty -five.
24
186 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
CHAPTEK XVI.
TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT.
^piIIS was one of the fH'iginal townships, but poi*-
J- tions were taken from it to form the townships of
I)Yl)errv, Preston, and Chnton. But notwitlistand-
ing all tliat luis heeii plundered from it, Damascus
alone exceeds it in dimensions. It is 1)ounded north
hy Preston, east \)\ Buckingham and Lebanon, south
l)y Clinton and Dyberrv, and west l)y Snsqnehanna
connty. 8ome ])art of tlie Moosic mountain on the
^yestern verge of the township is nncultivatai)le. Tlie
rest of tlie townsliip is hilly; still the most of the hills
admit of tillage to their very summits. The various
hills and valleys present some of the most enchanting
scenery in the county. Mount Pleasaut may be call-
ed the Switzerland of Northern Pennsylvania. In
the summer months it is almost a paradise; in the win-
ter it has the climate of Siberia, a condition which,
with slight modifications, is incident to the whole
(county.
The western branches of the Lackawaxen and I)y-
l)erry and tlieir tributaries furnish al)U]idant water-
power. The natui'al ponds are Rock lake, Bigelow
lake, and Miller's pond. More turnpike roads w^ere
made in tliis township than in any other. The Oo-
checton and (ireat Bend tnrn])ikc road, passing
TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 187
tliroiigh tlie central part, was incorporated in 1804.
The road was tinislied in 1811, and tlie travel on it
was very great, it being the nearest route from New-
burg to AVestern New York. Daily mail-coaches,
drawn by two span of horses, ran upon tlie road for
years. Numerous droves of cattle, sheep, and liogs
were driven upon it towards New York market. Al-
most half of the houses on the road were taverns.
After the Erie canal was built the travel was less, l)ut
it was not until the completion of the New York A:
Erie Railroad tliat it was almost wholly suspended.
The Bethany Jind Dingman's Choice turnpike was
incorporated in 1811. It aiforded convenient means
of getting to and from tlie county seat, and was kept
in order for many years l)y moneys received for tolls.
Its course w^as south-east from Pleasant Mount. Tlie
Belmont and Easton turnpike was chartered in 1812.
It passed through the western part of the township
and opened up a direct communication with Easton
and Philadelphia, and for many years attracted a con-
stant stream of travel, with daily mail-coaches, and
droves of all kinds of live stock. The State of Penn-
sylvania appropriated $10,000 to aid in the construc- tion of the road. It was of great importance to that part of the county through which it extended. But the building of other roads, particularly of the Dela- ware it Hudson Canal and Railroad, and of the New York & Erie Railroad, diverted the travel into other channels, until this once celebrated road was almost abandoned by the traveling public. 188 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. The Belmont and OglKjuaga turnpike, chartered in 1817, owed its existence chiefly to the exertions of T. Meredith, Esq., wlio owned large tracts of land along the route of tlie road. The settlers in the western part of Preston were benefited by it and it was sus- tained many years by tlie tolls taken on the road ; hut the same (!anses that lessened travel on other turnpikes, operated ecpially unfavoral)le to this. The turnpike :ip the west brand i of the Lackawaxen, bnilt many years ago, although a very useful road, not being self- sustaining, has been thrown up, and all the above-- named turnpikes, ha\'ing served their day and geuera- tion, have reverted to the several townships througli which they extend, and are kept in repair by them, as necessary for public use. The road from Pleasant Mount to Stockport is an old one, and was laid out in or about 1799, and has been, and probably it always will be, one of the most indispensal)le thoroughfares in the connty. What has been tlie enterprise of the people of Mount Pleasant may l)e inferred from the amount of labor which they expended in the l)uilding of the above-described roads. The early liistory of this township is exceedingly interesting and worthy of historical preservation. The first settler was Sanmel Stanton, of Preston, Conn. He came in June, 1789, and bought or con- tracted for three thousand acres of land, and the next year built a house on it, and commenced a clearing. His cabin was a little east of the old Easton and Bel- mont turnpike, near the present residence of H. W. TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 189 Muuiford. It was made of small logs and poles, cov- ered witli l»ark, liaving no partitions, and without windows. The iioor and dooi* were made of l)oards split out of logs. His houseliold furniture was scanty, and as homely as liis dwelling. He moved liis family into this cabin in the spring of 1791. Other settlers (iame in that year to commence clearing, hut they all left in the autumn, lea^dng Stanton and his family alone in that vast wilderness.* During the long and dreary winter they suffered from want of food and from sickness produced by destitution and, ^vhen on tlie very verge of starvation, a man from Canaan, hj the name of Church, came along, who shot an elk and gave the meat to Stanton, which relieved the wants of his family. At that time the snow was deep and the weather intensely cold and Stanton's nearest neigh- l)or, Asa Stanton, his cousin, lived twelve miles distant. Another hunter, named Frederick Coates, happened along, who, with said Church, went and procured other provisions for the relief of the family. In a few years, Stanton, l)y his industry, began to prosper. He kept, to the best of his ability, a puldic house. In a letter dated Oct. 5th, 1795, directed to Judge Preston, he wrote: "I had my house-frame raised last Thursday, and no one was hurt \)\ the timber. T will keep a civil house or none. Many judges, squires, and gen- tlemen have lately traveled this road to and from New York. I make more from people of tliis char^icter than I can hope to from a pack of drunken scoundrels. *See Whaley's History of Mount Pleasant. 190 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY, even if I did not ablior their practices/' Sucli was the first settler and innkeeper of Mount Pleasant. The next year, 1792, new settlers arrived, namely, Silas Kellogg, Elijah Dix, Jirah Muniford, John Tif- fany, and Joseph Stearns; and tlie next year Josepli Tanner and Amasa Geer, all from Connecticut, ex- cepting Kellogg, wdio was from the State of New York. He was tlie father of Azor Kellogg and Jirali Kellogg. Mary, his oldest daughter, was the wife of John K. Woodward, and motlier of the late Warren J. Woodward, deceased, and Jackson K. Woodward, late of Honesdale, deceased. Mrs. Woodward is still living, having outlived all her children. Silas Kel- loea* was elected sheriff of tlie countv in 1813. He died at Mount Pleasant at a very ad\'anced age. Jirah Mumford, from Connecticut, came into the town with Joseph Stearns, in 1792, but did not move his family until the next year. His sons were Thomas, Jirah, Jr., Minor, and John. His descendants are spread over the county. John Tiffany, of Massachusetts, in 1792, started with his wife and three children to go to Nine Partners, in Susquehanna county, but, coming to Mount Pleasant, concluded to stay and build a house on the Christopher farm. He was a useful man. Joseph Tanner, in 1795, built a frame house north of the present village of Pleasant Mount, and, in 1806, in company with a man named Granger, opened the first store and built a public house near it. Clark TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 191 Tanner was a brother of Joseph. He was a fariiiei* and brought up a family in the township. In 1795, John S. Kogers, a Qnaker from New Jer- sey, moved npon the farm since known as the Panl O'Neill place, and kept a tavern there during his life. He had eight (children. In tlie same year Joseph Stevenson, from New Jer- sey, bought near the stone school-house, a part of whicli is noAV the farm of Henry Gager. James and Isaiah Stevenson were liis sons. Oliver Stevenson, formerly sheriff of Wayne county, is a son of James Stevenson ; and Godfrey Stevenson, the present treas- urer of the county, and Arthur Stevenson, are sons of Isaiah Stevenson. In November, 1873, Jabez Stearns, then living in Damascus, l)ut since deceased, gave me the following account: "Joseph Stearns, my father, and Jirah Mnmford, came to Mount Pleasant from Tolland county, Connecticut, in the winter of 1792. They started from home on a snow-sled, each having a yoke of oxen, designing to go to a settlement called Nine Partners, in Susquehanna county. Finding that they '•ould buy land to suit them near Samuel Stanton's location, tliey concluded to go no further. In the fall fatliei' went back and the next spring brought mother and eight cliildren, and moved into a house that said Jirah Minnford had built, and lived there tlu^ first wintei'. h\ tlie spring he moved to a place near tlie residence of the late Hussell Spencer. I was l)orn there, June 18tli, 1798. Our folks brought clotliing for 192 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY. themselves .-iikI cliildreii with tliein. Luxuries and superfluities were not tliouglit of. Tlie struggle was to ol)tain the indispensal>le necessaries for sustaining life. To tell tlie trutli tliere were times when om* family sulfered for foocL Fatlier went on foot several times to Great Bend after flour and hi-ought it home on liis back. Wild meat was not always to l)e had, and otlier meat was out of the (juestion. When it seemed as if we should starve, a deer would come, to all appearances providentially, in tlie way and be kill- ed, which would afl^ord food f(jr awhile. The settlers a.ll suifered about alike. Those vvdio had kettles made their own sugar. Mother used to tell me that she once went i]ito the wf)ods to gather sap, laid me down in a sap trough by a log, and w^ent about her work. After a time, looking towards me, she saw a large black bear taking a look at me and standing on the log by which I was laid. In terror she screamed aloud, (taught up a club, and, her faithful dog running to hei', they together made for l)i*uin. He walked away very leisurely, looking back at them and seeming to say, "You make a great fuss about a very small matter.'' She did not, as has been told, faint away. She was not subject to that infirmity. It has been told that it was my l)rother Aslil)el that the bear inter^^ewed, but I tell it as mother told it to me. At another time my brother Otis was carrying me; another In-other, my mother, and that old dog Avere along; we went down to near Zeb Hut creek where a log lay across the path, and tliere a bear, large enough to have devoured the TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 193 forty and two irreverent, prophet-insulting children of old, came and put his fore paws upon the log, and dis- puted our passage. Mother and my older brother, as- sisted by the old dog, made such a display of hostility that }>ruin abandoned his position and went his way. Sometimes, in those days, children were lost in the woods. Mrs. Jirah Mumf ord once sent her two daugh- ters, Deborah, aged six years, and Sally, aged four years, on an errand to a neighbor's. In returning homeward they mistook the patli and wandered off into the woods. It was soon found out that they were lost. The few settlers were notified and went in search of the children, but night came on and they were not found. The search w^as continued all night with torches and lanterns, and all the next day, but the search was unavailing. The poor mother was frantic with grief and anguish. On the third day the search was resumed with the utmost determination. At last, a hunter, who had been much at Mr. Mumf ord's, heard a little dog bark which went with the children. He iired off his gun to let the other searchers know that he had found the children. The little dog, when call- ed, ran to the hunter, but the girls hid in a clump of bushes. The company all came together and took the children to their home. Their mother, delirious with joy, clasped them in her arms and wept. The strong, hardy men of the forest c^ould not restrain their tear- ful transports of joy. The children said the iirst night they made themselves a bed of leaves by the side of a log, and that little Trip lay down l)y them, and that 25 194 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUiSTTY. two big (logs (probably wolves) came and looked at them ; but little Trip growled and barked at them and they went away. The next day they looked for their home and found a few berries w^hieh they were very glad to find, as they were very hungry. They had heard their names called but were afraid to answer, having heard about Indians killing children. Had it not been for faithful little Trip— had he, in his hunger, left them and gone home — they miglit never have been found." In 1795, Seymour Allen, from Connecticut, bought of Amasa Geer the farm that he first took up ; then Allen sold it to Ichabod Starks, who lived on it the rest of his life. Jacob Van Meter moved that year from New Jersey to the place lately occupied by liis son, Charles Yan Meter. Abram Cramer moved the same year from the Acres place, so afterwards called, situated on the old north and south State road, which is twelve miles below where Captain Phineas Howe Jjept his celebrated tavern in Sterling township, and settled near the Thomas Slayton farm. He built his house of hewn logs, and some of it is standing to this day. He was the grandfather of Abram Cramer, Jr., and of iJavid Cramer. The latter, in middle-life, left his home of comfort and competence and went in pur- suit of fortune's slippery ball to California's golden shore, and from thence to Australia and back again to California, and then home. He afterwards made fi\e or six voyages to California, and finally came home exhausted and enervated by his lal)ors and sufferings. TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 195 finding that bread is not always to the wise, nor riches to men of understanding, and feeling as if lu^ could address a lump of gold in the following strain : ''For thee, for thee, vile yellow slave, I left kind hearts that loved me true ; I crossed the tedious ocean wave. To roam in climes unknown and new ; And now come home to find a grave, And all for thee, vile yellow slave. " x\bram Cramer, Jr., is still living in Salem township, and has a very large family of twenty-one children. About 1795, Benjamin King moved from Cherry Kidge and settled below the Benjamin Wheeler farm. He was a commissioner and for many years a justice of the peace. Robert and Benjamin King, of Star- rucca, were his sons. Charles King, a brother of Benjamin King, Sen., at the same time settled east of the Wheeler farm. The Kings were from Rhode Is- land. Elijah Peck moved in about 1795, from Connecti- (iut. He became a Baptist clergyman and was exten- sively known and honored as an ornament to his pro- fession. His oldest son, Elijah Peck, is living. Wil- liam Peck and Reuben Peck are deceased. Lewis Peck, Myra Peck, who married Jesse Dix, Joan- na W., widow of Giles Gaylord, late of Clinton, de- ceased, are all living. Elijah Peek, 2d, had nineteen children. From an assessment made by Joseph Tanner, in 1801, there were thirty houses or huts and fifty -four feaxables in: the township. Among these taxables, not 196 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. including the above named, were Daniel McMulleii, OaleV) Carr, Eliplmlet Kellogg, commissionerrt' elerk, Jacob Crater, who built a saw-mill and grist-mill on the west branch, David Kennedy, llo])ert Kennedy, Thomas Mumford, James Miller, ^Tathan Rude, Elihu Tallman, Sanniel Torrey, and Jason Torrey, surveyor. Daniel McMullen was a farmer assessed as havin<r one hundred acres of land. He and George McMullen were both Scotchmen and ijreat hunters. Eliphalet Kellogg is mentioned, as having been the clerk of the county commissioners from the erection of the county until he was appointed prothonotary l)y Governor Snyder. He took up land in Mount Pleasant, ])uilt a house and improved some land, and removed to Bethany in 1810. He was a brother of Silas Kel- logg. David Kennedy. It is evident that David Kennedy, Sen., and Robert Kennedy were in the township at an early date. In 1801 they had l)uilt comfortable houses, and David Kennedy had cleared up twenty acres of land and Robert Kennedy had cleared eighteen acres. David Kennedy, Sen., had a son named David Ken- nedy, Jr., and David L. Kennedy, of Honesdale, is a son of the latter. Mrs. Wilbur, now living in Wliite's Hollow with William Partridge, Esq., was a daughter of David Kennedy, Sen. She is about ninety-three years of age, and to a remarkable degree retains her physical and mental powers. Her husband, Jonathan Wilbur, was a blacksmith who located near Atwater's Corners on Johnson's creek. The Kennedy family TOWNSHIPS— MO U . ANT. 197 liHve well kept up their name and numbers, ])ut to de- scribe all its numerous ])ranches would require too much time and space. James Miller was from the State of New York and took up seventy acres of land. Moses Miller took up two hundred acres of land. He was the father of Ephraim Miller, Marlin Miller, George "W. Miller, J. W. Miller, and Wesley Miller. Moses Miller was many years a justice of the peace. Jonathan Miller, of Pleasant Mount, also a justice of the peace, was from Luzerne county. His wife was a daughter of James Bigelow. He appears to have l.)een the first noted blacksmith in the town. His son, Jonathan, now residing in the village, follows the same trade. This family was not related to those of James and Moses Miller. Elihu Tallman will be mentioned under the head of Preston township, and Jason Torrey and Samuel Tor- rey under the head of Bethany. Nathan Rude lived on the north side of the rotwl beyond Benjamin Wheeler's. He had three sons, Nathan, Simeon, and Reuben, and was a man of orig- inal wit. Many anecdotes are told of his shrewdness and repartees. He was at first a Baptist preacher; afterward, he became a Restorationist. Being asked his profession in court, he replied, " I am a pulpit- drummer and a cushion-thumper." Sometimes he made poetry which was cute, pertinent, and laugha- ble. Riding by Joseph Tanner's tavern, lie was urg- ed by some loungers to stop. "No, no," said he. 198 HI& WAYNE COUNTY. '* Well, then," said they, "make iis a \^ei\4e." Said he, "Tliere is a verse ah-eady made/' " Then, let us have it." " Well, listen, 1st Psalm, 1st verse, ' Blest is the man who shuns the place where sinners love to meet/ " A clergyman called on him and asked if he (H>uld do any good by preaching the gospel to his people. " You could do more good at something else," said Kude. "In what way?" said the preacher. " By coming and practicing it. I can preach some gospel myself, but I make stumbling work in practic- ing it." Samuel Meredith. We have received a full and interesting history of the Meredith family, from 1547, showing their extraction from the nobility of England and Ireland, whicth the want of space compels us to abridge. Reese Meredith, the father of Samuel Mer- edith, was born in Herefordshire, England. He grad- uated at Baliol College, Oxford, in 1728, and emi- grated to Philadelphia in 1730, and entered the count- ing-house of John Carpenter, a prominent merchant, married Martha, the youngest daughter of his employ- er, and was taken in as a partner, and succeeded his father-in-law in l)usiness. In 1766, Reese Meredith took in partnerhip his son, Samuel, and his son-in-law, George Clymer. He was one of the three hundred and fifty merchants and citizens of Philadelphia, who, in October, 1765, signed the celebrated Non-Importa- tion Resolutions. His son and son-in-law were also signers. During the darkest hours of the Revolution, his faith never wavered in the righteous (tause of the TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 199 colonies. When the patriots were starving at Yalley: Forge, Reese Meredith gave$25,000, in silver, to bnji
food and clothing for the suiferers. He devoted his
time to business, and it is not known that he ever
held any public office. He died November 17, 1778,
aged seventy-one years, leaving three children, as fol-
lows: Anne, wife of Henry Hill; Samuel, (the subject
of this sketch); and Elizabeth, wife of George Cly-
mer, a signer of the Declaration of Independence.
Samuel Meredith was born in Philadelphia, in 1741,
and was educated at the academy, at Chester. His
fellow-student was Philemon Dickinson, afterwards
his brothe]*-in-law^, as they married sisters. He mar-
ried, in 1771, Margaret, youngest daughter of Dr.
dith several times represented Philadelphia county in
the Colonial Assembly. In June, 1775, he was com-
missioned mayor of the 3rd battalion of Pennsylvania
militia, and was in the battles of Trenton and Prince-
ton. Upon the occupation of Philadelphia, by the
British, in 1777, he, wdth his family, w^as exiled. In
October of that year, he received the commission of
brigadier-general of Pennsylvania militia. In June,
1780, Gen. Meredith and George Cl^^mer each pledg-
ed his property and credit that each would pay to
procure provisions for the army of the United States
the sum of $25,000. From 1783 to 1786 Gen. Mere- dith was in the State Legislature, and from 1786 to: 1788 in the Continental Congress, upon the organ- ization of the ^'overnment under tlie Constitution of 200 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. the United States, adopted the 17th day of Septem- l)er, 1787. President George Washington, on tlie 11th of Septenil)er, 1789, nominated Samuel Mere- dith as treasurer of the United States, which nomina- tion was readily eoniirmed by the Senate. He held the offi(?e through the administration of George Wash- ington and John Adams, for twelve years, when he resigned. Upon his accession to the office he was warmly congratulated by Alexander Hamilton, sec- retary of the Treasury, and, upon his retirement, Thomas Jefferson complimented him for his integrity and ability. In or about 1774, Meredith and Clymer purchased a large amount of wild lands in Western Virginia, Eastern Kentucky, in Delaware and Sulli- van counties, N, Y., and in all the north-eastern coun- ties of Pennsylvania, aggregating about 1,868,000 acres, worth about ten cents per acre. The payment of the taxes on said lands drew heavily on their re- sources. Owning a large amount of land in Wayne and Susquehanna counties, Mr. Meredith, about 1796, commenced making improvements at a place in tlu^ township of Mount Pleasant, which place he after- wards named Belmont. In 1802, he was assessed as having sixty acres of improved land and a dwelling liouse valued at twenty dollars, but as a non-resident. Soon after this he removed to Belmont and built a dwelling-house wliich cost six thousand dollars. To this place he retired from the turmoil of public life, and spent the evening of his days in quietude and se- clusion, and there died, February 10, 1817, in the TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 201 seventy-sixth year of his age. He had seven children. Noted among them were: first, Martha, mother of the late John M. Read, chief -justice of Pennsylvania ; second, Anna, mother of Philemon Dickinson, Esq., (who was for forty-live years president of the Trenton Banking Co.), and also of the late Col. Samuel Dickinson ; third, Tliomas ; fourth, Maria, who died in 1854. Thomas Meredith was born in Philadelphia, in 1779, and educated in the University of Pennsylva- nia, upon leaving which, lie made a voyage to India and China. He was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 1805, to the Wayne county bar in 1810, and to the Luzerne county bar in 1816. He was prothono- tary and registei* and recorder of Wayne county, from 1818 to 1821, and held other important positions. In 1824, he opened the first coal mines below Carbon- dale, to which place he removed his family, about 1830. He died at Trenton, N. J., in March, 1855, leaving one son, Samuel Reese Meredith, who was born in Wayne county in 1823. In or about the year 1855, the latter was active in the formation of a com- pany called the Lackawanna Coal & Iron Co. The enterprise failed and he lost all his property, and bro- ken down and disheartened, he died in the Pennsvlva- nia Hospital, at Philadelphia, in the year 1865. Samuel Meredith, the first treasurer of the United States, was buried at Belmont, in Mount Pleasant, and it has been, if it is not yet, a matter of doubt ;is to the exact place of his interment. " So peaceful rests, without a stone, a uame That once had honor, titles, wealth, and fame." 26 202 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY. h is strange that his wealthy children neglected to erect a monument to the memory of their patriotic father. AVould it not become the United States to appropriate a few thousand dollars to perpetuate the memory of a man who, in our early days, gave$25,000 to feed and clothe our suffering soldiers, and
whose father gave a like sum for a like purpose i
Republics are accused of being ungrateful, and the
neglect or refusal of Congress to make such an appro-
priation is strong confirmation of the justice of the
accusation.
It would be unpardonable to neglect mentioning
Mrs. Sarah Benjamin, who was born in Goshen,
Orange county, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1745, and who died
at Pleasant Mount, in 1859, aged over one hundred
and thirteen years. Her maiden name was Sarah
Matthews, and she was married three times. Her
first husband was a soldier in the early struggles of the
E-evolutionary war and died of a wound received in
that war. Her second husband,. Aaron Osborne, of
Goshen, N. Y., was in the same war and came out aliv^e.
She went with him to the war, and once when he was
failing with fatigue, she took an overcoat and gun and
in the night stood sentinel for him. Washington, seeing
to." He undei*stood the situation and passed on.
She was at tlie 1>attle of Yorktown, passing to and
fro like an angel of mercy, attending to and relie^dng
the wounded soldiers. Washington, seeing and ad-
TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 203
miring her courage and exposure, asked, " Young
woman, are you not afraid of the bullets?" She jo-
cosely replied, "The bullets will never cheat the gal-
lows." At ^vhat time her second husband died I fail-
ed to note down. She had five children, and outlived
them all. Her third husband, John Benjamin, moved
with her into Mount Pleasant, in 1822, and died in
1826. She was well pensioned by the government,
but for all that she was very industrious, carding,
spinning, and making the linest of triple-threaded
yarn, and knitting it into hose. A specimen of her
work, done when she was one hundred years old, was
on exhibition at the Crystal Palace in London. I saw
her at the house of Jonathan Miller, Esq., at Pleasant
Mount, when she was one hundred and ten years of
age. I was surprised at her cheerfulness and vivacity.
very fine merino wool and that she wished she could
get some of it, for she wanted to make herself up
some clothing before she should be too old to work.
Beside what I liave written above she related many
other interesting events of her life. Ko])le woman I
It is a pleasure to remember her.
If we step forward twenty-one years to 1822, we
find that the taxables have increased to two hundred
and seventeen, and see the names of many men who
settled between 1801 and 1822. Time and space will
permit us to name briefly only a few of them. Eldad
Atwater, a merchant, and father of E. M. At water, of
Mount Pleasant, and Heaton Atwater, innkeeper, lo-
204 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
cated where Godfrey Stevenson, Esq., now lives, and
(tarried on business there several years.
James Bigelow was the father of John and Howe
Bigelow. His daughters were noted women. Esquire
Yale married one, Jonathan Miller, Esq., one. Deacon
Tiffany one, and Clayton Eogers, wlio removed to the
West, another.
Buckley Beardslee's name appears in the assessment
for Mount Pleasant for the year 1818, and is therein
assessed as owning a house and farm. He afterward
removed to Indian Orchard and bought the farm of
AY alter Kimble.
Jedekiah Bonham, the father of John Bonham,
located in the township, in 1810, below White's Hol-
low. His son, John Bonham, married Sarah, a daugh-
ter of Harris Hamlin, of Salem. He has been dead
many years, but she is yet living, aged ninety years,
with her son, Hamlin Bonham. She has several children
living. Mrs. Sarah Bonham tausiht a school in Salem
in 1804, when she was only fourteen years of age.
That was seventy-six years ago. Although she is very
deaf, her memory and intellectual powers are unim-
paired .
William Stark and Luther, called Major Stark, Avere
orothers from Vermont. David and Hiram were sons
of Luther. He had a number of daugl iters; Munson
Sherwood married Carissa; Colin Hayden, Terrissa;
Horace White, Lorinda; Charles Stearns, Julia Ann;
and William Adams also married one of the dauo-hters.
'&'
Silas Freeman. Tlie following are the names of
TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 205
his children; Col. Calvely Freeman was a noted sur-
veyor. In 1850 he represented the county in the State
Legislature. He was the father of E. B. Freeman, of
Honesdale. Sally, wife of Alvah W. Norton, Esq.;
Silas, Jr., and Sidney, both deceased; Polina, wife of
Warren W. Norton; Pamelia, wife of Franklin
Wheeler; Fanny, wife of Earl Wheeler, Esq.; Rodney
Freeman, who moved to Connecticut, and Margaret,
wife of John B. Taylor.
Ezra Bartholomew and Wooster Bartholomew
came into the county together. Ralzamon Bartholo-
mew was the only son of Ezra. His oldest daughter
was the wife of Baxter Bic^knell; after the death of
Bicknell she married James Bolkcom, of Lebanon
township. After the death of Ezra Bartholomew his
widow^ was married to Elder Chase, a Baptist preacher.
The above mentioned three families came into the
township in or about 1810 from Connecticut.
Dr. Urial Wright settled in the town 'in ] 814. He
came from Berkshire county, Massachusetts. His an-
<*estors were people of note. Asa Wright, his grand-
father, was an architect and planned and superintended
the building of Dartmouth College, where his father.
Dr. Asahel Wright, (the father of Urial Wright,) was
afterwards educated, and who w^as appointed physician
and surgeon in the Navy during the Revolutii^marj^
war. He had seven sons, all but one of whom became
professional men. The oldest, Asahel, was a lawyer;
Worthington, a Presl)yterian minister, who also studied
medicine and practiced for a time. Dr. Erastus Wright
206 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
settled in Salem and practiced there during his life.
So that at one time there were the father and six sons
all in the practice of medicine. There was not a fail-
ure among them. Dr. TJrial Wright practiced through
a wide extent of territory for fifty-two years, and died
in September, 1866, aged seventy-six years.
Dr. Rodney Harmes, as a physician and surgeon,
located in the village of Pleasant Mount, in 1837.
He was from Sullivan county, N. Y. He is the oldest
practicing physician in the county, and is yet at his
post. His reading has been extensive upon all sub-
jects and his practice successful. He is not in danger
of being outrivaled, except by his own sons.
The first resident physician was Dr. Asa Parks, wlio,
after practicing four years, removed to Montrose. The
next was Dr. John P. Kennedy, who came in 1811
and removed in 1815. Dr. Jonathan French came in
with Dr. IJrial Wright. He stepped outside of his
profession and engaged in lumbering, which he found
unprofitable. After three years he returned to Mas-
sachusetts. After 1834 Dr. Edwin Eldridge practiced
a little for two years, and Dr. Frederick Tracy, after
1851, about the same time. All the above physicians,
excepting Wright and Harmes, lacked the gift of con-
tinuance in well doing.
The White family. Ezekiel White, from Massa-
chusetts, a lineal descendant of Peregrine White, who
was the first white child born at Plymouth Rock Col-
lony, came to Mount Pleasant by the way of Cocliec-
ton, in 1819, with his son, Ephraim Y. White, who at
TOWNl^HIFS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 207
that time was sixteen years old. Ezekiel White had
six sons, Molby White, Ephraim Y. White, Leonard
White, Gerrison White, Philip White, E. Bates White,
and six daughters. Ezekiel White made the first axes
in Pleasant Mount. Then he worked in White's PIol-
low. Ephraim Y. White married Elizabeth Mason,
of Mount Pleasant. He moved to Dundaff and manu-
factured axes and edge-tools there. Then he w^ent to
Seelyville where Burke cfe Story were then running
a shovel factory, and there for awhile he made axes
and edge-tools. After this he erected a good house
and built a substantial shop above No. 2, on the Dela-
ware and Hudson railroad. The machinery was
run by water, but the Delaware and Hudson canal
needing the water, he removed to or near Tracyville
and there built a large factory which was run by wa-
ter-power, and there a large amount of business was
done in the manufacture of axes, scythes, and edge-
tools. The whole family of Whites were noted foi*
their skill in the w^orking of iron and steel. Their
axes and scythes were generally used in the county
and were sought for abroad. Since the death of E.
Y. White, in 1866, the factory at Tracyville has been
under the direction of his son, Gilbert White, who
sends to market fifty dozen of axes per week. There
is a branch of the White family in the Lackaw^anna
Yalley, wlio manufacture axes of a very superior
(juality.
David Hoi'ton began at the place now occupied by
J. W. How^ell, and there kept public house during his
208 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
life-time, mid liis widow, Cornelia Horton, continued
John and David Howell were both rated as farm-
ers. Thomas Lillibridge married a daughter of Sam-
uel Stanton. She was the first white child born in
Mount Pleasant. He was an active lumberman and
farmer, but finally removed to the West. Dr. Lilli-
bridge was his son.
x\ndrew Lester, of Revolutionary stock, and his
^\dfe were both from Conn. He settled in the town
in his youth. He died in September, 1869, aged
ninety-two years, and his wife died soon after, n^Qi\
ninety years. They were the parents of Orrin Lester,
Esq.
David M. Mapes was assessed as a merchant; his
occupation was valued at fiYe hundred dollars. He
was the progenitor of the whole Mapes family in the
tow^n.
Ebenezer and Thomas Slayton w ere assessed as own-
ing the farm of O. Kelly, on the west branch, where
Thomas used to keep a licensed tavern.
Alpheus W. Stephens and Sylvanus Gates lived
near Ezra Spencer^s, and w^ere the progenitors of the
Grates family in that region.
John Fletcher lived Avest of B. M. AVih-ox and was
killed by the kick of a horse, LLis son, Philander
Fletcher, has one of the most profitable orchards in
the town. William and Benjamin Fletcher, farmei's,
were twins, and brothers of John Fletcher.
We find David Saunders assessed with a good prop-
TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 209
erty, and also Sliepard Saunders, but from whence
they came and the exact time of their settlement we
cannot ascertain. We lind there are many in the
county by the name.
John Sherwood was assessed with two hundred
acres of land with improvements in 1818. lie w^as
the father of John B. Sherwood.
Solomon Sherwood was assessed in 1822 with one
hundred and twenty-five acres and improvements.
Years afterwards we meet with the names of John F,
Sherwood, Nathan J. Sherwood, Munson Sherwood,
and Amos O. Sherwood as prominent men in business
and property.
Benjamin Wheeler settled on that pleasant farm
now owned by W. P. Kennedy. He w^as the father
of Hiram J. Wheeler, of Clinton, and of Ambrose
Wheeler, of Honesdale. He was a soldier of the
Revolution.
Truman Wheeler was oi another family. He set-
tled on the north and south road below Belmont. He
was a man of education and for many years a justice
of the peace. He removed to the West.
Aaron G. Perliam was assessed in 1818 with one
liundred and sixty acres of land, with buildings and
appurtenances, situated south-east of the Bigelow
lake. This is supposed to be the farm now owned by
S. G. Peril am.
The persons above named, whose places of nativity
are not mentioned, were natives of the Eastern States.
Joseph Monroe, a native of Connecticut, about 1820
27
210 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
settled near where the Johnson's creek crosses the
Stockport road. In 1822, lie was assessed as having-
tifty-tive acres of hind. He was the fatlier of N. A.
Monroe, and was an excellent mason.
Patrick Connor, Panl Mc Avoy, Wilhani McAvoy,
and John Fhinagan were the first Irishmen we lind
assessed in the township. Before 1840 Philip Brady
and Patrick McDermot settled near the Kock pond.
Others settled on the road extending from Paul
O'NeilFs to the Stockport road. The settlement was
called Bangall, so named by Joseph Bass, of Lebanon,
w^io, admiring the rnpid progress of the settlers, ex-
(^laimed, "They bang all!" whence it took the name
of Bangall. In a few years the sturdy yeomanry
felled the forest and cleared up good farms, making
the country to bud and blossom like the rose, and in a
few years built the St. Juliana Roman Catholic
(^hun^li, now in chai'ge of Rev. John J. Judge, as pas-
tor. At South Pleasant Mountain is the St. Cecdlia
Roman Catholic? church, attended once a month from
Rock Lake. The post-olMce in Bangall is called Rock
Lake post-officie. I^aul O'Neill, at an early day, settled
on the old Jolm S. Rogers farm, at what exact time
w^e cannot say, but he w^as there according to our re-
meml)rance forty years ago. He was a good, genial,
kind man. No one ever went hungry from his door.
The O'Neills in the township, who are all prosperous
farmers, are too numerous to be named.
About 1840, the McGiverns settled on the west
side of tlie Dyberi-y, bchnv Paul O^Neill's, and n(>w
TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT. 211
have good farms. About 1852, a settltMnent was be-
gun bj the Fives, Haggertys, and others, west of the
Dyberry, in the south-east corner of the township.
The vilhige of Pleasant Mt. has all tlie conveniences
of a village, with a numl)er of stores, shops, a black-
smith-shop, two taverns, a Presbyterian, a Methodist,
and an Episcopal church.
The Pleasant Mount Academy within a few years
past has acquired a high celebrity and is deserving of
a liberal share of public patronage.
Whites Yalley has a M. E. church, store, post-office,
several shops, a saw-mill, and a good school building.
Joseph L. Terrell, deceased, lived many years in this
place as a merchant and a man of business. There
are many agreeable associations connected with the
past history of this village.
Mount Pleasant produces good crops of corn, rye,
oats, buckwheat, and potatoes; but the soil is best
adapted for grazing, and for the production of apples,
pears, and cherries. More attention is paid to dairy-
ing than to any other branch of farming.
Until about 1835, the most of the people were of
New England origin, since wdiich time large acces-
sions have been made by Irish settlers, wdio now com-
pose nearly if not one-third of the population. There
are a few Germans along the Clinton line, near which
they have a German Lutheran church.
Forty or fifty years ago, the Pages, Abbots, Fitzes,
and other English emigrants settled at different times
and in different places, and by tact and industry be-
212 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
came the owners of good farms, among whom is Sam-
uel Brooking, who has demonstrated that farming
can be made highly remunerative in Mount Pleasant.
The township has sixteen common scliools, including
one independent district, and four hundred and nine-
ty-one taxables.
They only who felt and saw the suiferings and pri-
vations of the first settlers, could justly descril)e their
trials. They could not live without shelter, food, and
raiment; to procure these required all their care and
industry, and, after they had done their best, their
sufferings were appalling. The howling wolf stood
i>utside their folds ready to devour their flocks, while
the gaunt wolf of want entered their huts and stared
them in their faces, but they wavered not. They over-
came almost insurmountable obstacles and forced na-
ture to yield them a subsistence, for they were no ordi-
nary men. There were no pigmies among them. The
taper lingers of modern effeminacy could not per-
form the wonders which they wrought. After the
storm was passed they smiled and forgot its ravages.
Hence Samuel Stanton Avrote some poetry, and, in
1796, sent it to Judge Preston ; from its tone one
might be led to suppose that there had never been
mucli want in Stanton's neighborhood, but perhaps he
claimed some poetic license. It is evident that he was
not studying English grammar at the time. The caption
of his poetry was ''The Golden Age of Mount Pleas-
ant, from 1791 to 1796, while eighty-two miles from
Easton, the seat of justice."
TOWNSHIPS— MOUNT PLEASANT 218
[There was no law put in force but the law of forbearance. Having no
law, the people were a law unto themselves.]
Secluded here from noise and strife,
We lead a quiet, peaceful life.
No loungers here with poisonous breath,
No doctors here to deal out death.
No trainings here, nor such like trash.
To waste our time and spend our cash ;
Nor town-meetings to choose our masters,
To make us slaves and breed disasters.
No priest sends round his man for pay.
Because that he did preach and pray ;
For we believe that grace is free
To all who wish to taste and see.
No jockey merchants here prevail,
To trust their goods, then send to jail ;
Nor fiddling, strolling players dare
Infest the place, our youth to snare.
8ome slaves, to forms may now inquire,
Have you no court-house, jail, or squire?
While all are honest and sincere,
What need of court or prison here ?
Have we a cause to settle? then
We leave it to judicious men
To search the matter well, and we
To their just judgments do agree.
The noise of war, or the excise,
Does neither vex our ears nor eyes ;
For we are free from every tax.
And stay at home and swing the ax .
Our com we pound, our wheat we boil.
Thus eat the product of our soil.
Sweet Independence here does reign,
And we've no reason to complain.
214 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Yet we, like others, still look on
Till we shall get our mill to run ;
Then we'll not jjound and boil again,
But live in style like other men.
From sheep we make our clothing warm,
In which we face the wintry storm ;
They likewise give us meat and light.
To feast by day and see by night.
Do we want wild meat, then we kill
Elk, deer, or bear, and eat our fill.
Sometimes we've fowl and sometimes fish,
But rarely meet an empty dish.
Here healing herbs and roots do grow.
And sugar-jiiice from maples flow.
Molasses, vinegar, and beer.
Are made from sugar- orchards here.
Sometimes we live on pork and peas, •
Then milk and honey, butter, cheese;
Plain food and exercise agree
To make us happy while we're free.
Saimiel Stanton, near the close of his life, removed
from Mount Pleasant to reside in the western part of
this State. He had l)een appointed a commissioner to
construct a State road in that region. He left his
family on the west l)ranch and went on business to
Harrisburg. On his return lie came to Belief on te in
Centre county and stopped with his friend, Judge
Burnside, where he was taken sick and died, April 15th,
1816. He assisted in organizing the first Baptist
Church in Mount Pleasant. He is represented as hav-
ing been a most worthy man.
TO WNSHIPS—B UCKINGHAM. 215
CHAPTER XVII.
TO WNSHIPS—B UCKINGHAM.
rpniS was one of the original townships, and once in-
1 eluded Manchester, Scott, and part of Preston. In
its present contracted limits it is bounded eastward by
the Delaware river, south by Manchester, west l)y
Mount Pleasant, Preston, and Scott, and terminating
in its northern extremity upon Shrawder's creek. High
ridges of hills, except where they are broken by the
passage of streams, rise above the river alluvions.
Westward of the hills are some good, arable lands,
including Kingsbury Hill, Jericho, Brownsville, Wal-
lersville, tlie southern part of tlie township, and the
vicinity eastward and northward of the village of
Como. Fork Mountain pond. Lizard lake. High lake,
Preston lake, and Nabby's lake are tlie chief bodies
of water. The main streams running into the Dela-
ware are the Shehawken,* Big Equimmk, and Tock
Pollock. The river flats were taken up and settled at
an early day. It was many years before any clearings
*This is the orthography used in okl records. In one in-
stance it is spelled " Sliehocking. " But the word is now some-
times spelled "Chohocking," which is neither Indian nor Eng-
lish.
216
HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
woi'o iiifule or any house built upon the uphmds. From
an assessment made by Bhickall W. Ball, in 1806, it
appears that there were in the township twenty-live
houses, assessed to twenty-one persons, valued at
5^6,229 ; N'aluation of personal property and seated
lands in 180B, $11,454; valuation of same in 1878,$280,273; number of neat eattle in 1806, sixty; valu-
ation of same, $635.00; number in 1878, one hundred and twenty-seven ; valuation of the same,$3,360.
Copy of part of said assessment of 1806, showini*:
the names of persons owning houses, mills, neat cat-
tle, etc.:
2- S
-rt
I
d
1
OS
hJ
1
Ti
Oi
>
o
.
^
in ;
840
mackallW. Ball... 8
John Bavriger 5 ...I
Simon Peter Cole. . 2! ...
Nathan Cole 5| ...
Joseph Cole ' 2 255 '
Peter Cole 5 249,
Abraham Dillon..., 12 328,
Geo. W, Hubhell...! 4 ...;
eTohn Knight • ...'
Nathan Mitchell.. i ...|
Paul Newton j 5| ...j
Benjamin Owen...! 30| ...
Samuel Preston... 130 711
Sylvester Roylston . . . i ...
Benjamin Sands... 20 ...!
Thomas Travis 20 470
Benjamin Thomas 4 256
Oliver Tyler ' ..., 445 j
William White....' 4' ...
Eleazer Ogden | ... ...|
Ezra Newton i .,.! ...1
3i3i
..I
sis!
2 '$1 1 1 ! 1 I 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 ! 1 i 1 I 1 I 4 ! 5 10 10 15 15 40 25 20 24 40 75 45 15 1090 ! 2, s I > 1 % 20 80$ 10
1 < 80
. . 75
3 I '366
100
2
20
1
10
1
10
1
10
1
10
2
20
1
10
2
20
7
70
1
10
201
10;
o
10
lOi
$40 40 40 Farmer Wheelwright Farmei- TO WNSHIPS—B UCKINOHAM. 217 The first man who commenced on the Delaware river in Buckingham, was Samuel Preston, Sen., a Quaker, born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania. He began to make an improvement as early as 1789. He had been all through Luzerne county and the northern part of Wayne county examining the country for the selection of a proper site for starting a village, under the patron- age of Henry Drinker, a wealthy Quaker of Phila- delphia, and a large land-holder. A place was selected upon tlie Susquehanna river, now in Susquehanna county. Pa., and called Harmony, which location suit- ed Drinker, but Preston preferred Stockport. He, however, assisted in laying out and building up Har- mony, from wdience men went to help Preston on wdtji his improvements, and a road was cut out from Stock- port to Harmony. Mr. Preston named his chosen location Stockport, and the township Buckingham — names well known in England from whence the Pres- ton family came in the days of William Penn. His correspondence was very extensive, the most of which he preserved. He was a man of genius and a good mathematician. He built the first mills in Bucking- ham, and in 1806 had cleared up one hundred and thirty acres of land. He greatly promoted the settle- ment of the town, every one being welcome. He made frequent journeys to Bucks county. He brought his iron and merchandise up the Delaware river in Dui-- ham boats, which were pushed up the river by setting- poles, except in ascending Foul Rift and other swift waters, w^here tlie boats were drawn upward by long 28 218 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY ropes extending to the shore. In 1793, he was mar- ried in Bucks county to Mercy Jenkins, a Quakeress. Within a year he moved his wife to Stockport. He had many peculiarities, l)ut they were harmless.* For one lialf of the men that he knew he had nicknames, and many of them were laughal)ly appropriate. He was appointed the lirst associate judge of the county, and at December sessions, 1798, charged the first grand jury impaneled in the county. At a good old age he died peacefully at his residence at Stockport. Samuel Preston, Sen., left three sons and one daugh- ter. Paul S. Preston, the oldest of the sons, married Maria, a daughter of Samuel H. Mogridge, who came from England and settled in Mtmchester township. She was a cousin of the celebrated Matthias Mogridge, Esq., and, although older than her luisband, outlived liim several years. She was a remarkable woman, in- dustrious, frugal, hospitable, and never forgetful of the poor and needy. She brought up fifteen orplian children. Surely her memory is blessed. Having his *Once the Judge asked a man to dine with him who said he. was not at all hungry. Soon after the man said, "I guess I will take some dinner," and drew up to the table. The Judge reached over and took away the man's plate, knife, and fork. Supposing it to be a joke, the man asked Mrs. Preston for a new set. "Thee need not let him have any," said the Judge. Then addressing the man, he said, "Thee cannot now eat at my table. Thee said thee was not hungry. If thee is not hmi- gry, thee ought not to eat ; and if thee is hungry, then thee hast told a lie, and I tlo not wish to eat with a liar." The man left. TO WNSHIPS—B UCKINGHAM. 219 father's assistance, Paul early acquired a good educa- tion, and in 1828 was elected sheriff of the county, and in 1835 was appointed, bv Gov. Ritner, clerk of tlie several courts of Wayne county, and register and recorder. He had a good library, was Avell ac- (juainted with all the English classics, and fully under- stood the history and Constitution of his own country. Having Quaker proclivities, he was conscientiously opposed to slavery. He was honest in all things and he never attempted to make the worse appear the l)et- ter reason. His professions were his convictions. As he advanced in life he was often heard to say that he had received his three sufficient warnings and that he hoped that his exit would be sudden. His prayer was Nouchsafed him. He died suddenly at Stockport sta- tion, in September, 1873, aged about seventy-seven years. " After life's fitful fever he sleeps well." Samuel Preston, Jr., Avas an excellent farmer, and while he was able to work, superintended the whole business upon the farm. He was an unwavering abolitionist. His hatred of slavery was intense. He was ever ready to contribute of liis means to aid the fugitive slave. His opposition to slaAcry arose from his hatred of all wrong, and lie could not bear to see pain unnecessarily inflicted upon any of God's crea- tures. '' Blessed are the merciful for they shall ohtain mercy." Samuel died at Stockport about three years before Paul. Warner M. Preston was a lumberman and spent much of his time in Philadelphia in selling the lumber 220 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. that was yearly run from Stockport. He was a niatlie- matician and surveyor; quiet and unobtrusive, with a well-balanced mind. His views were never extreme upon any subject. He died in Philadelphia in 1872. Hannah, the only daughter of Judge Preston, mar- ried Benjamin Randall, an Englishman. She is yet living in the township and is the mother of Benjamin Randall, Jr., and Peter Randall, who are well-known lumbermen. J. A. Pitcher married a daughter of Mrs. Randall. Mrs. Pitclier was a great favorite with the Preston family. Mr. and Mrs. Preston bequeathed and devised their property to Ann, their only living daughter. They had one other daughter who married Allan Hoxie. She died many years ago. Stockport is almost a village of itself. Two dwell- ing-houses, with numerous barns and sheds, one store, a blacksmith sliop, a grist-mill, a steam circular saw- mill, and a school-house whicli was built by the Pres- tons, with about two hundred acres of improved land, make up the place. Knowing as I do the moral, social, and intellectual excellencies of the Preston family, and making all due allowance for the frailties of human nature, truth compels me to say, that I never shall look upon their like again. Before the building of the New York and Erie Railroad, long, capacious, and graceful canoes were numerous along the Delaware river, nearly all of which have disappeared. Warner P. Knight, of TO WNSHIPS—B UCKINGHAM. 221 Stockport, 1ms one, which would have been admired in former times. Such is its capacity that he has con- veyed the burthen of a ton in it from Equinunk to Stockport. The Knight family. In or about 1789, Capt. John Knight, then about eleven years old, came with Sam- uel Preston to the large flats on the east side of the river below Stockport, where Canope and another Indian lived. Being very hungry, they saw a cow that was eating a pumpkin, and they took it away from her, built up a fire, roasted and ate it. Capt. John Knight afterwards married Kebecca Jenkins, a sister of Judge Preston's wife. The sons of Captain John Knight were AVilliam, Daniel, John, and Richard. A¥illiam Knight, Sen., a brother of Captain John Knight, was born in Philadelphia, in 1775. In 1802 he was appointed by Jefferson as sailing-master of the frigate Philadelphia, and was sent by Bainbridge to intercept a Tripolitan vessel. His vessel ran on a rock and he and the ship's crew of three hundred and eleven men were taken prisoners and kept about two years, when they were ransomed by the payment of$60,000 by the government. Pine lumber was cut at
Stockport, ran down the river, and sold to the govern-
ment wdiich shipped it to Tripoli and turned it in to
pay a part of said ransom money.
Abram Dillon, from Bucks county, began above
Equinunk. John K. Dillon, deceased, William Dil-
lon, deceased, and Hamilton Dillon, living in Han-
cock township, Delaware county, Is . Y., were his sons.
222 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
The old homestead is in the possession of tlie Dillon
family.
John Barrager was from near Albany, IS^. Y. One
of his sons, Henry, Hves near Great Bend ; another,
George, lives in the town, near the river; and John
K. Barrager was killed in the late war.
George W. Hnbbell, a Avheelwright, was the father
of Hon. Thomas J. Hnbljell, who once represented
the county in our Legislature.
Jonathan Jones, once a commissioner of Wayne
county, lived near the mouth of the Shehawken, where
some of his family are now located.
The names of Thaddeus Newton, Paul I^sewton,
and Ezra [N^ewton are found among the oldest records
of the township. Ezra ^N^ewton, Jr., now lives near
the suspension bridge whicli spans the Delaware, near
Hancock.
Benjamin Sands and Thomas Travis made import-
anl: improvements at an early day.
Blackall W. Ball lived below the mouth of Shraw-
der's creek, and BalFs Eddy was named after him.
From what we can learn al)out him he Avas a Quaker,
from near Philadelphia. The fai'm Avas owned many
years by James More, Esq. Previous to his purchase
at Ball's Eddy, Mr. More lived in Preston township.
Gideon, James, and Thomas Woodman see located
the Upper Twin pond; they having come from Connec-
ticut. They were there in 1819, perliaps earlier.
Gideon Woodmansee was the o-randfather of J. Man-
TO WNSHIPS—B UCKINGHAM. 223
uiiig, Jedediah, Samuel, Lvinan, and Horace Wood-
mansee. Lyman Woodmansee was a carpenter ; the
rest were farmers and lumbermen.
Brownsville took its name from a man by the name
of Brown, wlio built a tannery upon the outlet of
High lake, which tannery is now owned by Mr. E-.
H. Wales. There is a post-office at the place, and a
large store.
The first settler above BalFs Eddy was Peter Cole
who died there and left his possessions to his son,
John Cole, w^ho was known to every lumberman on
the Delaware.
Elias Kingsl)ury, from Connecticut, was the first
settler at Kino^sburv Hill. He married Rachel, a
daughter of Thomas Travis. He has two children
yet living at the pi nee, namely, Thomas Kingsbury,
and Rachel, wife of William Coddington.
Abel Belknap, from Stillwater, N. Y., had a large
family who settled in different parts of the county.
George H. Belknap, and D. B. Belknap, Esq., are
prominent citizens of the place. The latter was from
Fnadilla, N. Y., and was of another family.
Equinunk will be described under Manchester, be-
ing mostly in that township. Buckingham has ten
common schools.
224 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
CHAPTER XVIII.
TO WNSHIPS—MANCHESTEB.
rpiIIS township is bounded north-west by Buekini;'-
A ham, north-east and east by the Delaware river,
and south by Damascus and Lebanon, and was taken
from Buckingham and erected into a township, Aug.
30th, 1826. For many years before its erection it
was known as " The Union Settlement." It took that
name from the following circumstances: Samuel
Preston and John Hilborn, in tlie spring of 1790,
made a quantity of maple-sugar and sent it to Henry
Drinker. Tlie kettle in wliich tlie su2,ar was made
was taken from Trenton to Stockport in a Durham
boat. Miss Ann Preston says that the kettle is yet at
Stockport. Mr. Drinker, in a letter to Mr. Preston,
sugar as follows : " I sent a box of thy sugar to Rob-
ert Morris, desiring it miglit be presented to the
President of the United States, who was pleased to
signify his satisfaction at the receipt thereof, in a let-
ter directed to me, of which the following is a copy :
*New York, June 18, 1790.
Sir : — Mr. Morris lias presented me, in your name, with a
box of maple- sugar, which I am much pleased to find of so
good a quality. I request you to accept my thanks for this
TO WNSHIPS— MANCHESTER. 225
mark of attention ; and being persuaded that considerable ben-
efit may be derived to our country, from a due prosecution
of this promising object of industry, I wish every success to its
cultivation, which the persons concerned in it can themselves
desire. I am, Sir, your most obedient servant,
George Washington.'
So thee sees liow I am advanc^ed to a correspond-
ence with the Kino; of America. Upon the whole,
it is my opinion the subject deserves the countenance
and encouragement, not only of one, but of all the
great men of the United States. ") A good deal of
time has been spent with J. Hilborn in forming di-
rections for pursuing this business in the best way,
and in describing the necessary utensils, &c. It has
been concluded that to diffuse the same through the
country where it may be useful, it would be best to
print a small pamphlet, and in pursuance of this con-
clusion, Joseph Jones and partner have committed
part to tlie press." In those days the land-owners,
having lands covei-ed with hard wood, imagined that
upon burning the wood the ashes might be profitably
Stimulated by the ardor of Henry Drinker, who
owned a large quantity of land in Manchester, a com-
pany was formed in Philadelphia, 18th of September,
1792, " To be called the Union Society, for promoting
the manufacture of sugar from the maple-tree and fur-
thering the interests of agriculture in Pennsylvania.
The Society's attention to be primarily and principally
confined to that purpose and to tlie manufacturing of
pot and pearl ashes." The trustees were Henry Drink-
29
226 HIkSTORY of WAYNE COUNTY.
er, Samuel Preston, Timothy Pickering, Samuel
Ilodgdon, Samuel Pleasants, and Samuel M. Fox.
The society l)ought of Henry Drinker eight tracts of
land in the warrantee names of Thomas Stewardson,
Benjamin Wilson, Mary Sandwith, Samuel Simpson,
T. P. Cope, John Thomas, George Drinker, and John
Drinker, making three thousand one hundred and
thirty-three acres, called for convenience three thou-
sand acres, divided into sixty shares at live pounds per
share; total three hundred pounds, (probably Penn-
sylvania currency, S2.66| to the pound.) One half
was to be paid down. Thirty persons, mostly Quakers,
took the shares. Besides the trustees there were other
noted men among the sliare-holders, viz: Samuel
Meredith, Thomas Stewardson, Dr. Benjamin Push,
Judge James Wilson, Robert Smitli, John Nicholson,
Pobert Morris, Jeremiah Warden, and others. The
Society had a constitution and by-laws, dated August
23d, 1792. In 1796 the property was inventoried.
There were thirty-seven potash kettles. Some of them
were brought up the Delaware in Durham boats, others
of them vrere conveyed fifty miles overland from
Esopus. They had two hundred pine and ash troughs,
up tliirty-eight acres of land, built three houses and a
saw-mill. The personal property was sold to Samuel
Preston and Henry Drinker. From an exhibit made
by Samuel Preston, the sli are-holders did not lose by
the enterprise, but it probably did not prove as profi-
table as tliey expected it w^ould. The business was
TOWNSHIPS— MANCHESTEB. 227
discontinued in 1796. Afterwards Samuel Meredith
undertook the manufacture of potash near Behnont
and could not make it pay. An undertaking like
that of the Union Society under like circumstances in
the present day, on account of a better understanding
is not probable that the motives of the Society were
mercenary, but the land-holders were benefited by
having their lands brought into notice.
The main streams in the town are the Big Equinunk
and its south branch, and Little Equinunk wdth its
divers tributaries. Tlie main branch of this stream is
the outlet of Duck Harbor lake. The chief ponds are
Price's and Lord's. High steep hills crowd the Dela-
ware. The south-western and south-eastern parts are
thinly settled, while the central portion and the lands
along the Little Equinunk are the most thickly peo-
pled. There is yet much good land wliich lies in its
primitive state, though it may have been stripped of
its timber.
According to the first triennial assessment made in
1827, there were twenty-nine taxables with twenty-one
houses valued at $410. Nathan Mitchell w^as assessed as living in this town in 1804 and called a mill-wright. James Lord, American born, though his father w^as an Englishman and his mother a Welsh woman, was as- sessed, in 1812, as owning four acres of plow^-land, and 439 acres of unimproved land, and one house, though it is claimed that he ])egan in 1810. He set;- tled on the farm now owned by the Taylors, one mile 228 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. below Eqniimnk bridge, and, in or about 1836, sold out said lands and farm to William Weston, Esq., and removed and boviglit land about the pond Avhicli was named after him. "There are Lords many." James Lord was the progenitor of the Lords in Manchester, except the one called " Equinunk John," who lived at Lordville depot. The following names are found up(^n said assessment of 1827: Jonathan Adams, farmer; William Adams, single; James Carter, farmer; Isaac Cole, farmer; Emanuel Cole, farmer; Abraham Hoover, laborer; David Howell, mechanic ; Jolm Kellam, farmer; Jacob Kellam, farmer; George Kellam, single; Zepthah Kel- lam, single ; John Jenkins, farmer ; James Lord, farm- er; John Lord, Jr., farmer; Ricliard Lord, steersman; David Lay ton, farmer; Jacob Lord, single; Samuel K. Mogridge, farmer; Charles Mogridge, farmer; Mat- thias Mogridge, farmer; Anna Mitchell, widow; Sam- uel Price, blacksmith ; Jonathan Peirce, single ; Henry Peirce, single; Sabina Smeed, laborer; Thomas Todd, tailor; Nathaniel Tyler, farmer; Anson Tyler, single; Jacob W. Welsh, justice. John Kellam was taxed in 1818 as having eighteen acres of improved land and three hundred and fifty acres of unimproved, and in 1827 as having ninety acres of improved and three hundred and eighty acres of unimprov^ed land and one mill. Jacob Kellam, who was a farmer and lumberman extensively known, lived near the mouth of the Little Equinunk, and had sixty acres of improved and live hundred and sixty-nine TO WNSHIFS— MANCHESTER. 229 acres of unimproved land. George Kellam, a mer- chant for many years at Pine Flats, had forty-six acres of improved and two hundred and ninety-four acres of unimproved land, and two houses assessed at one hundred dollars each. Jacob Kellam had a large number of sons of vigorous, powerful physiques, some of whom are yet residing in the neighborhood of Lit- tle Equinunk. Jacob W. Welsh was by trade in Lon- don a cabinet-maker, and came to this country about 1813. He was taxed in 1827 as having seventy-five acres of improved and seventy-live acres of unimprov- ed land. He was an intelligent man and was for many years a justice of the peace. He had two sons, George and Henry. The latter is a practicing attor- ney in Hancock, N. Y. George is dead. William J., a son of Henry, is engaged in the practice of the law in partnei'ship with his father, and in 1877 repre- sented his district in the State Assembly. William Adams made said assessment; he w^as from Delaware Co., N. Y., and afterwards removed to Lebanon. Samuel K. Mogridge started for the United States in 1812, before the declaration of war by the United States against Great Britain, and the ship in which he and his family took passage was diverted from its intended destination and put into Quebec. It caused him much trouble, delay, and expense to make his way through the two armies to Manchester township, which was afterAvards named by him. But the noble old Englishman, inspired by that resolution which (characterized the early settlers of New England, never 230 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. faltered, but settled in the very heart of Manchester, midst the dark and tangled forests, encircled at night by hooting owls and howling wolves. He was the nucleus around which many of his countrymen gathered, until it was called the Union English Settlement. The assess- ment aforesaid stated that he had thirty acres of improv- ed and seventy acres of unimproved land. Afterwards he acquired other lands. He was the father of Maria Mogridge, the wife of Paul S. Preston, that noble woman whose deeds of goodness and charity cannot be forgotten, and whose mantle, upon her departure, fell most gracefully upon Ann, hei* only surviving daughter. Matthias Mogridge was a nephew of Sam- uel R. Mogridge and, of course, was a cousin of Mrs. Paul S. Preston. To use the language of Mr. Mog- ridge, he says : " I was born in England, and sailed in a British frigate that fought Jackson at New Orleans under Packingham and Gibbs and took back to Eng- land what few the Yankees left alive. Then I went in the Nortliumberland, that conveyed Napoleon Bo- naparte to St. Helena. I was an officer's servant, or, in other words, a '' powder-monkey.''' I returned to Eng- land, was paid off, took my money, and shortly sailed to New York, in 1817. In 1820, I came to Wayne county, and have lived here ever since. After the organization of the township, I sat at the first election board, voted the first ticket, and had the first child born in the new township. I have now thirty-two grandchildren and nine great-grandchildren, and ex- pect more soon. One of my grandsons served three years TO WNSHIP^^— MANCHESTER. 231 in the late civil war. I am seventy-eight years old. When I first came into these woods I left my trunk and box of tools at Benjamin Conklin's tavern, on the Newburg turnpike, eight miles from uncle Samuel's house. I wanted uncle to let me take the oxen and sled and go for tliem. He said it was impossible as the road was full of trees turned up by the roots ; but at last I went. Some of the trees I cut out, some I drove over, some I went under, and some I drove around. It took me longer to make that trip than it would now to go to New York city and back." Mr. Mogridge had some peculiar gifts. He had a strong, sonorous, far-reaching voice. "If I had his voice," said the Hon. Geo. W. Woodward, " I could command or control any legislative body in the United States." Besides, he had an inexhaustible fund of wit, and in amplification was unrivaled. He could transform a minnow into a whale, enlarge an ant-hill into a mountain, and magnify a lightning-bug into jv thunder-storm. Mogridge, having been naturalized, was elected constable of the township, and afterwards elected justice of the peace, and, being in the central part of the township, was appointed postmaster. As the two offices cannot by law be held at once by the same person, some one, envious of his popularity, caused him to be indicted for holding two offices of profit and trust, one under the State and the other un- der the general government. Upon being asked whether he was guilty or not guilty, he assured the court that lie was wrongfully indicted for holding two 232 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. offices of proiit and trust; he admitted that he held tlie two offic^es, l)iit declared tliat there was no proiit in either of them, and th*it they were purely ottices of trust, as lie trusted all his fees and all tlie postage. The judge was very much amused upon hearing Mat's plea, and in consequence of some flaw in the indictment, a nolle 2)>"ose(jui was entered. Mogridge went over to see the great exhibition at the Crystal Palace, at Lon- don. " Having been adopted as an American citizen," says he, " I passed myself off for a Yankee. I knew that I should not attract much attention as an Englisli- man, as they can see one there every day, and having hecomfe well acqnainted with Yankee slang, they gave me credit for heing a live American. I could out-talk the best of them. I told them that their island was a very neat, pretty place, and had been well looked af- ter, l)ut that it lacked size ; that their rivers were mere brooks, and their mountains small hills; that some of our rivers are so long that we never before strangers speak of their whole length at once; that onr moun- tains are so high that presumptuous persons in trying to reach their summits had either starved or frozen to death. That their cataracts (compared with our Niagara were only like a stream from the nozzle of a coffee-pot; that if some power (^ould steal away from our territories an area of land as large as all the British Isles, it would not be snd<lenly missed, but there would be a nuiss when the theft was found out. That you have produced great men in everything, we admit; we are proud of you as our relations, but when we swarm- TO WNSHIPS— MANCHESTER. 233 ed and went to America, yon claimed our honey, we wonld not give it up, and yon stung and we stung back, until you concluded not to disturb our hives. If you could do such wonders on your little island, what could you expect that your sons could not do in the vast fields of America; and they caved." The reader who is not acquainted with Mogridge, should understand that he can outtaJk any Yankee living, and that he never gives up an argument, and, though vanquished, he can argue still. Being a great admirer of Horace Greeley, whom he resembles and whose paper he always took, and being in Kew York, he called on Greeley, introduced himself, told how he went to New Orleans, thence to St. Helena, Cape of Good Hope, and other places, told what he had seen in England, and what he had experienced in America. Then said he, "Now, Horace, you talk." "No," said Greeley, "Mr. Mogridge, I give up. I can write some, but, in rapidity of delivery, you exceed any man that I ever knew. I thank you for your visit, for I have been amused, surprised, and instructed." Shortly after, Greeley, in the Tribune^ gave an amusing account of his interview wdth Mr. Mogridge. Samuel Price, an Englishman, who was a black- smith, was an early settler. His wife was a very use- ful and excellent woman, who went far and near in the exercise of her obstetrical knowledge. A descrip- tion of her may be found in the 31st chapter of Pro- verbs, from the 10th to the 21st verse, inclusive. There were afterwards many settlers who deserve 30 234 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. honorable mention, among whom were Gideon Chas^, who was of New England origin, and Anthony Lloyd, who settled on the south branch of the Eqiiinunk and built his house near the stream, which house Avas swept away in the night during a thunder-storm, him- self and family barely escaping with their lives. He afterwards sold out his property and lands and remov- ed to Equinunk village, where he kept a temperance tavern during his life. He was a self-taught, ingen- ious mechanic. The Teeple family were English. Phineas Teeple climbed every hill and crossed every stream in Manchester and adjoining townships as a hunter. He had the honor of killing the last wolf that ever howled in the county. Christopher Teeple was for many years the constable of the township. The Denny and Gifford families are old residents, and Moses Billings is well remembered as an old farmer. In or about the year 1830, Paul S. Preston sold the Equinunk Manor to Israel Chapman and Alexander Calder, who then began improveinents thereon. The mouth of the Big Equinunk has always been an im- portant rafting place. Tlie village of Equinunk was commen(ied soon after the bidlding of a tannery in the place by Isaiah Scud- der and brother. The large tannery now in the place, belongs to A¥illiani Holbert, Esq. The village is di- ^dded by the creek. The western part is in Bucking- ham, where are situated the residence of the Hon. William M. Nelson, State Senator, the residences and stores of Knight & Gardiner, and of H. K. Farle.t, TOWNSHIPS— MANCMBSTEB. 235 the M. E. Cliurcli, and other Iniildings. But the larg- er part of the village is on the east side of the creek. One-half mile helow the town is a bridge across the Delaware to the Lordville depot. Chapman and Cal- der divided their lands. Chapman took the upper flats and built a house and saw-mill. He was a man of perseverance and industry. Both lie and Calder were local Methodist preachers. Alexander Calder took the lower part of Equinunk. He was a lumber- man of great business capacity, and a man of merit and talent. He died at Equinunk, May 26th, 1879, aged eighty-one years. Equinunk is well situated for trade. The Delaware river road passes through the place. Here end the roads coming down the south branch, and from Preston and High Lake, and from Da- mascus, through the middle of Manchester. The great tannery at Little Equinunk is now owned by Hoyt & Brothers, of N. Y. There is a turnpike leading up the Little Equinunk from its mouth to the road lead- ing from the old '^gate house" to Big Equinunk. The number of taxables in the towaiship, in 1878, was 867. Number of common schools. 10. 236 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. CHAPTER XIX. TO WNSHIPS— SCOTT. AT its erection, this township, in 1821, inchided a part of Preston. It is now bounded north by the State of I^ew York, east by the Delaware and Buckingham, south by Preston and Starrucca, and west by Starrucca and Susquehanna county. It is the fourth township in point of size. It is watered by the branches of the Shehawken, running south-east, Shrawder's creek, running north-east to the Dehiware, and by Hemlock creek, in the north-west, and which runs northward into New York State. The chief nat- ural reserv^oirs of water are Four Mile pond, in the south- ern part, and Island pond above Stanton Hill. The south-western and north-eastern parts, and the region about the Four Mile pond are sparsely inhabited. The river hills are precipitous and unfit for cultiva- tion. The land is high in the center of the township, from w^hich the streams descend in every direction. Thouo^h some of the lands are rous^h vet there are many good farms which produce as good crops as are raised in other parts of the county! The orchards are flourishing and productive. There is yet much un- cleared land of good quality, and it has been and is still a matter of surprise that the township is not TO WNSHIPS—SCO TT. 237 more thickly populated as it has great advantages for reaching market, having the Jefferson Railroad at Starrncca, and the Erie Railroad near its eastern bor- ders. Within a few years an enterprising body of men have built up a village in the north part of the town, called Sherman, (alias New Baltimore,) estab- lished or built a tannery, manufacturing shops, stores, &c., and erected a fine building for religious purposes, called the Union church. Soon after the erection of Scott, in 1821, when it embraced one-half of Preston, there were only thirty- seven houses all valued at$250; seven mills all valued
at $1,300; fifty-seven cows valued at$750. The whole
number of taxables was forty-seven, the tax on all
seated property being $53.18J-, according to a trienni- al assessment, made by Jolm Starbird, Jr., Esq., for the year 1823. Elihu Tallman, one of the first set- tlers, and Jirah Mumford, Jr., were each taxed for a mill, and so were Gershom Williams, 'Squire Sampson, Jacob Edick, Silas Crandall, and David Babcock.. Some of the other settlers, named as farmers, were Samuel Alexander, Abel Belknap, John and David Cole, George Cortright, Ezra Cargill, Beniah Jayne, of Maple Hill, Harvey Kingsbury, Elias Kingsbury, Uriah Smith, William Starbird, Jesse^ and 'Squire Whittaker, Michael and Townsend Weyant, Rev. Gershom Williams, father of Melancthon B., Calvin P., Philander K., and Hervey D, Williams. The said John Starbird, Jr., was justice of the peace at the time that he made said assessment. The Rev. Gershom 238 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. Williams settled in the central part of the township at an early day. He was from the State of I*^ew Jersey. He bought at different times many tracts of land, and, being a man of means, contributed much to encourage the settlement of the township. In 1847 his second wife was murdered by a tramp, who called himself Harris Bell. (Upon his trial it came out that this was an assumed name.) The murderer was convicted and hung at Honesdale in 1848. Beniah Jayne, brother of the celebrated Dr. D. Jayne, of Philadel- phia, was one of the early settlers. Jirah Mumford, Elihu Tallman, and others, are men- tioned in the sketches of Mount Pleasant and Preston. Under the head of Preston w^ill be found a detailed account of the hardships and privations of the old pi- oneers in the northern townships. In December, 1774, David Rittenhouse, on the part of Pennsylvania, and Samuel Holland, on tlie part of Kew York, set a stone on a small island in the west- ern branch of the Delaware river, for the north-east corner of Pennsylvania. They marked the stone with the letters and figures, "New York, 1774," cut on the north side, and the letters and figures "Lat. 42 de- grees, var. 4 degrees 20 min.," cut on the top of the stone. The island is at Hale's Eddy, and the north-east cor- ner of Pennsylvania is the north-east corner of Scott township. In 1878 there were eleven public or common schools, and three hundred and tliirteen taxables in the town- ship. TO WNSHIPS— PRESTON. 239 CIIAPTEK XX. TOWNSHIPS— PRESTON. THIS township was formed April 28tli, 1828, from parts of Mount Pleasant and Scott. It is the third township in size, and is bounded north hy Starrncca and Scott, east by Buckingham, south by Mount Pleasant, and west by Susquehanna county. With' great propriety it might have been called Lake town- ship, as it abounds with lakes or ponds of uncommon beauty, among which are the Shehawken, Como, Twin, Sly, Spruce, Seven Mile, Poyntell, Long, Big Hickory, Little Hickory, Five Mile, Bone, Long Spruce, Independence, Wrighter's and Coxtown ponds, and perhaps some others. These ponds are the head-waters of streams running in every direction. From Five Mile and Independence ponds starts the Lackaw^anna ; from the Wrighter, Coxtown, and Long Spruce ponds, the Starrucca; from the Shehawken, the creek of that name; and from Poyntell, Little Hickory and Big Hickory ponds, the Big Equinunk. Water-power is abundant and conveniently extended. Ararat and Sugar-loaf mountains are in this tow^nship. At the formation of the town it was proposed, as ap- pears from the records, to name it Ararat; but, as it was mostly taken from Scott, wliich was named after 240 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. Judge David Scott, the Judge deemed it proper to name it Preston, in honor of Judge Samuel Preston, who was tlie first settler in Buckingham, to which township Scott and the most of Preston originally be- longed. By an assessment made by Peter C. Sher- man, in 1829, the number of taxables was sixty-nine; number in 1878, four hundred and fif t^^-eight ; num- ber of houses in 1829, thirty-nine; valuation of same, S488. Yaluation of neat cattle in 1829,$1,986, and
of same in 1878, $13,160. Although some parts of the lands are hilly, yet they are not of such height as to interfere very ma- terially with cultivation. Good crops of rye, oats, corn, and buckwheat, are raised, and abundanc^e of po- tatoes. But the lands are more particularly litted for grass, and the township bids fair to be one of the most important butter-making districts in the county. A small section only of the township was benefited by the Oghquaga turnpike, and there were not roads to invite tlie taking up of lands at an early day. The lands lying near the road from Mount Pleasant to Stoc^kport were first bought, as a public road was laid out from Stockport through this township to Mount Pleasant in 1799. Among the early settlers were Peter Spencer and Ezra Spencer, who came from the State of Connecticut, in or about the year 1812. The first named commenced on the farm now ow^ned by Nathan A. Monroe. He bought about 3-10 acres of land, of one Poyntell, of Philadelphia, and gave his bond and mortgage for the purchase money. He TO WNSHIPS— PRESTON. 241 was ejected from the land by Peter Gaskell, and took title under Gaskell. The heirs of Poyntell, after the death of Spencer, made vigorous efforts to collect the moneys due on the mortgage, but failed. Deacon Spencer was an ingenious mechani<?, an industri- ous farmer, and morally, without spot or blemish. Russell Spencer, late of Pleasant Mount, was his son. He had three daughters ; Dr. Urial Wright married the oldest one; Silas Freeman the second; and Wil- liam Labar the youngest. Ezra Spencer settled about a mile southward of his brother, paid for his land, and lived there during tlie rest of his life. His son, Ezra Spencer, now owns the old homestead. Joseph Dow moved from Deeriield, Massachusetts, a])out 1817, and settled in Dyberry township, on the place where John Hacker lived before the death of his father, cleared up some land, built a house and barn, made some payments, and lost the whole. As property depreciated in value lie could not keep up his payments, and he was left quite poor. After this he moved to Preston and ran the Shadigee mill for Manning, King, and Lillibridge. He and his wife were well educated and descended from very respecta- ble families. He was a relative of Lorenzo Dow, the great preacher. He died near Tallmanville, in 1852. Daniel Underwood removed from Connecticut, in 1830, and settled upon tlie Stockport road, north-east of Amos O. Sherwood's. Lewis A. Underwood, Nel- son F. LTnderwood, present Representative of Wayne county in the Legislature, W. G. Underwood, an<i 31 242 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. Prescott Underwood are sons of the said Daniel Un- derwood. Prescott Underwood removed to Kansas; the other sons are living in the eonnty. Said Daniel Underwood was a noted carpenter and huilt the Meth- odist church near Nathan Kennedy's, in Mt. Pleasant. John Stephens, an Englishman, began in the early settlement of the town upon the farm now occupied by Stanley H. Hine. The exact date of his settle- ment cannot be ascertained. In 1829, he was assess- ed as having two hundred and twenty-live acres of land, mucli of which w^as of superior quality. In 1880, he was licensed to keep a public house, in which business he continued during his life. The farm ivS now in the possession of Perry Hine. All the Spencers in Mount Pleasant and Preston are lineal descendants of either Peter or Ezra Spen- cer. John and William Fletcher were from New England, and were early settlers and worthy and in- dustrious farmers. The Starbird family. John Starbird, Sen., was .born in tlie state of Maine, in 1754, and served in the Revolutionary war; then, after tea(;hing school in Trenton and in Easton, he came to Stroudsburg and taught one term, and, in 1783, was there married to Hannah Stroud. Their son, John Starbird, Jr., was born in 1786, and AVilliam Starbird in 1798. Said sons moved from their old homestead, in East Strouds- burg, into what is now Preston township, Marcli 20, 1817. John Starbird, Jr., made his first clearing in 1818. He made an assessment of wdiat then (1823) was TO WNSHIPS—PBESTON. 243 Scott township, and no school-teacher of the present day wonld Ije ashamed if the handwriting should be imputed to him. He was, at that time, the only jus- tice of the peace in the township. In 1824, he built a saw-mill on Shehawken creek. William Starbird, now living, made his first clearing in 1822. He had thirteen children, all of whom grew up to manhood or womanhood. One of his sons, Alfred, was killed in the late civil war. In 1851, he rebuilt the saw- mill, erected by his brother John, doing all the work himself, excepting the ironwork, and raised it without tackles, with only two of his sons to help him. The timbers were very heavy; the plates were sixty feet long and twelve inches square. This mill was rebuilt by S. T. Wliittaker, last year. William Bortree, late of Sterling township, married a sister of William Starbird. Abner Stone began at an early day upon the beau- tiful place now occupied by H. K. Stone, north of Samuel Brooking's, but business connected with the settlement of his father's estate, induced him to return to Connecticut. After the building of the Gghquaga turnpike road, Clark Grardner took up the farm now owned by W. H. Chamberlain, lived there several years, kept the toll-gate and tlien removed to Mount Pleas- ant. The toll-gate was removed to Hine's Corners, and continued there as long as toll was taken. Royal Hine and his father started and built up the place which has been improved and enlarged by the family. 244 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. After tlie building of said Ogliqiiaga turnpike, Ira Cargill, from Connecticut, started a flourishing settle- ment on the public road leading from said turnpike t(.> Starrucca. Peter C. Sherman began at Preston Center. In 1829, he assessed to himself ten acres of improved land, and four hundred and thirtj-six acres of unim- proved, and one house of the vahie of eight dollars. The township and general elections were held at this place, until a few years ago, when the township was divided into two election districts. The Sherman place fell into the hands of J. Carr, who disposed of it to C. B. Dibble, its present occupant. Merrill liine appears to have been a very early settler at Hines Corners, and Perry Hine settled in another part of the township. The following account is from manuscript furnished by C. P. Tallman, Esq., regarding the early settle- ment of Mount Pleasant, Preston, and Scott. AYant of space has obliged me reluctantly to abridge his contribution. What he herewith presents cannot fail to be interesting : "My father, Elihu Tallman, was born in T^ew Bed- ford, Mass., in 1780. Mj grandfather, William Tail- man, was a real estate and ship owner ; and as he took a iirm stand for the cause of Independence, much of his property was destroyed by the tories, which left him much reduced. My grandfather, (on my mother';^ side) Christopher Perkins, married a Palmer, in Ston- ington, Conn. They moved to what they called the TO WNSHIPS—PBESTON. 245 far West, one horse carrying grandmother and all their movable goods, and grandfather going on foot. Tliey went to and settled at Saratoga, abont one mile from the Rock spring. There were several of the native Indians near them, and my mother has of- ten told me that her mother had snch an abhorrence and feai* of the Indians and tories, that she had sev- eral times taken her and her older brother, John, when her father was gone from home, and hid them away to lie and stay in the wilderness during the long, dismal nights. At an early age, my father was put on a coasting vessel as a cabin-boy and cook, and subsequently learned the shoe-making trade. He mov- ed to Saratoga, and was married on the iTtli of De- cember, 1799, and soon after came to Mount Pleasant to look up a new home. Samuel Stanton, the first prominent settler of that place, was my mother's half- uncle, which was their probable motive for (coming to that place. They commenced on a piece of new land north of where Pleasant Mount now stands on the rond then running east and west. Subsequently father bought on an adjoining lot about sixty rods east of where William Wright, Esq., now lives. I was born there in 1806. In that year father made one mile of the Oochecton and Great Bend turnpike road. Then lie l)Ought, about three-fourths of a mile northward, and cleared up a good-sized farm. In 1813 or 1814, he ,sold this place to a Mr. Hall, of Connecticut, for$1400,
.nnd bought the place where Godfrev Stevenson now
246 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
lives, and, also, a carding-machine of Jacob Plum, who
had run it one summer on the stream below where the
Seth Kennedy mill now stands. This was the only place
where wool was carded by macliinery in the region.
Wool was brought from all parts of the country. The
business was excellent. He also built and ran a saw-
mill. In or about tlie winter of 1818, father sold said
property to Heaton Atwater, and took in payment
$1500 in patent-rights, and$1500 in an exhibition of
wax-figures and paintings. These payments were a
little better than $3000 lost. Tiie next spring he Ijought a property in Susquehanna county, and, liaving paid$750 down, lost that. These losses of $3750 left him with only his farming utensils and a few uncol- lected accounts." The following episode is designed to show what were the hardships of the tirst settlers. Mr. Tallman relates the following account which he had from his father : "About 1805 tlie neighborhood was entirely out of salt, and there was none nearer than Shehawken. Father had made a start so that he had a breeding mare, but had nothing wherewith to buy salt but some maple sugar, so he took enough of that to buy a half bushel of it, which would cost$2.00, put his sugar in a bag
and started for Shehawken, (now Hancock, N. Y.,)
twenty miles distant, on a road where only the under-
brush was cut out. He exchanged his sugar for salt,
and, putting it in his bag, he started liomeward on a
cold, windy fall day, when tliere was nearly a freshet
TO WNSHIPS— PRESTON. 247
in the Dela-ware, rendering the fording of the same
dangerous. Wlien about midway of the river, the old
mare made a bhmder and down she went, throwing
the rider and the salt clear from her. After swimming
down with winter clothing, overcoat and boots, he
readied shore, (the mare did the same,) but his salt
and hat were gone, and he had no funds with which
How his father succeeded in getting along without
the salt we are not told. But to resume the narrative:
" Since my recollection our goods were teamed from
Newburg, eighty-one miles distant, at a cost of $2.50 per hundred pounds. Rock-salt was worth S-i per bushel, rye fifty cents, and oats tw^enty-five cents. The worst feature in the case was we had only rock and packing salt. All we used for butter and for the table was pounded in a hand mortar. I can recollect when we had no carding-machines or cloth-dressing mills. All our clothes made of flax, tow, cotton, or wool, were carded, spun, and woven at home, in which work our mothers and sisters were well skilled. Yery scanty were the means afforded for the education of children. I have heard father speak of Truman Wheeler as one of our first teachers. Eber Dimmick was my first teacher, and a Miss Bigelow the first female one. '^In 1819 real estate and personal property had be- come so depreciated in value that father despaired of paying for his farm in Susquehanna county, and, hav- 248 HISTORY OF WAYNF COUNTY. iug more ambition than {)i-udence, determined to re- trieve liis fortune and made a dash into the luml)er- woods and bouglit the pine lot at Six Mile lake, (now Coino.) Samnel P. Green, of the east branch, had contracted for tlie lot and commenced a dam and saw- mill on the outlet of the lake. Father bouglit out Green, iinished the mill, and sawed out and liauled to Stockport a i-aft of pine boards to run in the spring of 1820. Tliis was the first raft ever manufactured and hauled to the Stockport banks. At that time there was no road running north or south for many miles except the Mount Pleasant and Stockport road. The first road was what was called the Hannony road in Sus(]uehanna county. The lirst road east was the LTnion Woods road, which connected with the Oochec- ton and Great Bend turnpike at (Jonklin's Gate, six miles west of Cochecton. The old Stockport road had nothing but the small trees and Inrush cut out, and the large trees marked so as to enable any one to follow the course in deep snows. On our new farm was about half an acre partly (bleared, and two or three acres chopped. At this time there were very few settlers in Buckingham ex<iept on the river fiats. Three of the Kingsbury family, and two men by the name of Wlielpy, had commenced on Kingsbury Hill. Fred- erick Stid and Thomas Holmes had commenced about a mile up the Shehawken. Holmes ran a little tannery and ground all his bark with a stone, and tanned in (;old liquor. He also did some shoe-making. There were a few settlers in the Union Woods. Jirah Mum- TOWNSH f TON. 249 ford and Ezekiel and I ■ ^on had commenced in Starnicca. There was a private roau ^uL jat by the way of Maple hill to Hale's Eddy. About this time Michael Weyant and Uriah Smith, from Long Island, settled on said road near the top of Maple hill. We had no communication with any of these families without go- ing a great way romid. Kobody lived at Equinunk until several years after our location at Six Mile lake. The families living on the Stockport road toward Mount Pleasant were John Tiffany, one of the pioneer settlers, John Stearns, Chandler Tiffany, (on the John Page place), Joseph Monroe, and Ashbel Stearns, near or on the Deacon Wilcox place. John Fletcher and William Fletcher lived near Peter Spencer, who located on the farm now owned by Nathan A. Monroe. Our nearest neighbor, south four miles, was Peter Spencer, and one mile north was E-ufus Geer. A lit- tle east of the Upper Twin pond, about three-fourths of a mile, were Gideon, James, and Thomas Wood- mansee. There were no other settlers until we reacls- ed Stockport. Abner Stone commenced w^here H. K . Stone now lives. Esaias Wilcox liad commenced on the lot adjoining said Stone. It was impossible to concentrate a sufficient number of children to mak(^ up a school between Mount Pleasant to one mile above Stockport on the New York side. During the four years that we lived at Six Mile lake, there was no school-house between Mount Pleasant and Stockport — sixteen miles — and no place where the preaching of tli<: 32 250 HISTORY ■■ ' ■ -'NE COUNTY. gospel could be su the time of our sojourn at Six Mile lake, 1 . •pulation of what is now Preston consisted : ^ aight men, women, and children. Our family made up twelve of the number. In 1822, father purchased the large pine lot known as the Kryder tract. This was situated five miles northwestward of Six Mile lake, and four miles east- wardly from Starrucca. It was seven miles northward to the nearest inhabitants at Ball's and Hale's Eddy, and seven and one-half miles southward to Abner Stone's. There was no road in either of these direc- tions. There had been a road laid out from Mount. Pleasant to Hale's Eddy, nineteen and a half miles. Tliis road crossed the pine lot, but it was merely run through and marked so it was impossible to make a road on the route where it was laid that could be trav- eled, as the viewers paid no regard to hills, ledges, or swamps, only aiming, apparently, to get a line from one end to the other. Not the first blow had been made to open it, and when this was afterwards done, in many places it was made a mile from the survey. There had l^een a road laid out from Starrucca to Stockport, and in some places the underwood cut out, and, on other parts, the down timber had been cut up, but not cleared out. The marks for this road were a])out one mile from the said pine lot. In August, 1822, my brother-in-law, David Balmock, my older brother, William, and myself, took an outfit and went to commence an improvement on said land." Omitting the interesting, and, no doubt, truthful ac- TO WNSHIPS—PBESTON. 251 connt of tlie mMnner in which the said youthful ad- xenturers contrived to live in the wilderness until necessity compelled them to build a cabin, we resume the narrative: "The cold nights of November reminded us that a further improvement of our cabin was necessary. We now cut out a road, such as it was, and hauled in some half-inch boards for a roof and cutting and splitting some pine for floors, we built part of a chimney, and made up some bunks to sleep in; my brother-in-law moved his wife and child in and then we set up house- keeping on a different scale. When winter set in we moved back to Six Mile lake to lumber through the winter. In the spring of 1823 we moved the whole family to the Kryder lot, cleared up the fallow that we had chopped the fall before, built a saw-mill, cut another fallow, and commenced on a larger scale. In 1824, my father hired a young woman for three months to teach four, and part of the time, fl\^e chil- dren, in the log-house that we first built. Her name was Sarah Jane Stoddard. The next summer a Miss Sally Kennedy taught the same children three months, and the summer thereafter Miss Miranda Chittenden taught them, making in all one year's private school. Each teacher was paid seventy-five cents per week. There was no other school in wdiat is now Preston township until the public schools in 1830. When about fifteen years old, while living at Six Mile lake, I became satisfied that if I e\^er obtained an education I sliould have to dig it out myself. I accordingly pre- 252 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. pared some fat pine, a single stick of which made a l>eautiful light by which to study. I read such books as I could get; our common school-books were Web- ster's spelling-l)ook, Dilwortli's and Dai^oll's arithme- tics, Second and Third Part, English reader, Hale's His- tory of the United States, and the New Testament. We had no novels or newspapers. My father had an extra library, namely, two volumes of the life of Christ and his Apostles, a Bible, and Walker's dictionary. I occasionally borrowed such books as I could. In 1825 I worked doing chores to pay my board, and went to school six weeks; I did the same again in 1826, for about twelve weeks. Tliat was all the school- ing I had after I was twelve years old. From 1823 to 1827, we engaged in pine lumbering and cleared up a large quantity of land. At this time the settlement at Starrucca sustained a public school, and had occa- sional preaching by Ezekiel Sampson, a Baptist. In the fall of 1823, we cut out the road from our place to Mount Pleasant. In the fall of that year, David Babcock settled on the place now owned by John Clark, and Luther Chafee on the lower part of my present farm ; John Stanton on the farm now occupied by D. W. Tallman; Peter C. Sherman on the present farm of C. B. Dibble, (at Preston Centre); and Wil- liam Tallman on the A. D. Reynold's farm. About \\\Q same time Joseph Dow settled on the flat now owned by Alplieus Dix, Joseph Dow, Jr., on the lot where Arnold Lloyd now lives, and Jeremiah Flynn on the farm now owned bv Kol)ert K. Iviuii:. We now TO WNSHIPS—PBESTON. 253 l)egan to feel hs if we had gained a great victory, for the forest was fairly broken up, and we had neighbors. Rev. Gershom Williams began about 1823 or 1824 at what is now called Scott Centre, built a saw-mill, and cut a road to the private road near Uriah Smith's. John Starbird commenced on the lot where Wm. P. Starbird now lives soon after we began on the pine lot. The order of our new settlement was as follows : [n 1820, Willet Carr commenced on the place where Amos O. Sherwood now lives. In 1822, Messrs. Henry and Yancott bought adjoining I. M. Ivellogg's farm and hired a piece chopped, only to grow up airain. About the same time James Moore, David Wooley, and Franklin Duval bought in w^hat is now called Little Yoi*k. The three last-named were from K. Y. city and paid for their land in advance. The next settler was a Joseph Marguerat, then Joseph Simpson, then James Simpson; began near the creek south of Sherwood's, and John Stanton, from Conn., settled on twenty-two acres of land north of the upper Sands pond, and George Hall on the south side there- of. About 1822, Daniel Kose commenced on a wild lot now owned by George Wainwright. Charles Case, of Gibson, Susquehanna county, and his son, Riley Case, began where Samuel Decker now lives. All of these new settlers, excepting those of Little York, and the Charles Case family, were in indigent circum- stances. The locality and position of their families were such as to preclude the possibility of sustaining a school or the preaching of the gospel among us. 25i HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. Some attempts were made for those purposes, but were necessarily abandoned, and as a natural conse- (_[uence, our Sabbaths were very loosely spent, and the ehildren left to grow up witli but little education or culture. In 1826, I had become acquainted with a large scope of the wilderness, and had iixed on the piece of land on which to make a farm, and, though not of age, fearing that some one would get ahead of me, in October, carrying provision enough to last me to Philadelphia and part of the way back, I started on foot and bought nothing going but three nights' lodg- ing, at six cents a night. I found the man who own- ed the land and the timber about it. He wanted four dollars per acre for the land. I offered him two dol- lars. He finally agreed to my proposals, binding me to put a family on the land, clear up three acres a year, build a house and barn on it, and to pay for it in three years. This contract was dated in October, 1826, and I obtained my deed on the 29th day of April, 1829. Tliis was the first piece of land paid for in this region of country. The man that sold me the land ^vas so well pleased with my promptitude tliat he gave off the interest and made me a parchment deed for one hundred and seventy-five acres of land. I bought, also, three lots of timber, enough to last three years' lumbering. On the 20th of May, 1827, I was mar- ried to my first wife, Lucinda, daughter of Benjamin King, Esq., of Mount Pleasant. In the spring of 1829 or 1830, we agreed to start a school and fixed TOWNSHIPS— PRESTON. 255 on a site on tlie east side of my lot, where the ma- ple grove is now growing up, on the road as it then ran. I found nails, glass, and sash, costing four dol- lars and eighty-four cents, which the neighbors agreed shoidd be my share. This was the first money ever used, in what is now Preston township, for public im- provements and the first school-house erected. The first school therein was taught by a Miss Watrous, at one dollar per week. She was an old, experienced teacher, and some of the scholars came two and a half miles. Each parent paid in proportion to the num- ber of days that he sent his children. If any were too poor to school their children, on application to the assessor, return of the fact was made to the county commissioners, and the tuition of such children was paid by the county. Oar school-house was sixteen by twenty feet, built of logs, chimney in one end, and burned four-foot wood. The roof and floor were made of rough hemlock, and the door of the same with wooden hinges and a latch of our own make. Our benches were made of slabs, our writing-desks were a board fastened to a log across the back end of the house, which was chinked and mossed instead of being mudded. On the whole it had a very respecta- ble appearance for the times. After our first school, I think we never paid more than seventy-five cents a week for a woman teacher, and ten dollars per month for a male teacher. This house was a very worthy enterprise for the time. The summer following, n Sunday-school was organized by Sheldon Norton, who 256 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. then lived on the phice now owned by his son, E. K. Norton. This school wiis made auxiliary to the Sun- day-school of the Methodist Episcopal church. I pur- chased of Mr. Norton a few Testaments, at ten cents a piece, and he left us a number of tracts and papers. We had a large school, and scholars came from near Como and Little York by marked trees and also from Shadigee and Flynn's. Quite a large number of them came from two to four miles and barefoot at that. Some began with the alphabet, others in spell- ing lessons of one or two sylables, and some of tlu> pupils wxre twenty years old. The next spring J bought of the Methodist Book Room ten dollars' worth of books, including some Testaments, and made a present of them to said school. Our school succeed- ed admirably and we ran it about six months in the year for several years with the most satisfactory success. At this time (1879) there are fourteen school-houses averaging in value 1^500 apiece, all well arranged and painted, which is an increase in lifty years from nothing to$7,000 in value. Sixty years ago we had
six voters, now there are about four hundred. The
first and oldest religious society between Mt. Pleasant
and the Delaware river, was a close-communion
Gliurch, started about 1820, at Starrucca, under Eze-
kiel Sampson. The next was a class of Methodists,
consisting of nine persons, at Tallmanville, in 1830.
This society increased rapidly, till it numbered about
forty members, and it originally (M)'\'ered the ground
where there are now four societies. In the town now
TO WNSHIPS— PRESTON. 257
there ai-e six societies with two hundred and lifty
members; three churches, one at Como, one at Tall-
manville, and another at Hine's Corners, witli a good
parsonage at Como. The close-communion Baptists
have a very i^ood society at Preston Center, and a
small society at East Preston. There are large and
prosperous lodges of Good Templars at Como and
Preston Center, with about two hundred and forty
members. The Odd Fellows have a lodge at Como.
There is no licensed tavern or beer saloon in the town.
There are two stores, thirteen sawMnills, one small
grist-mill, two turning-establishments, and three cabi-
net-shops. Yery little timber remains to support
lumbering, but the town will very soon l>e one of the
best dairy districts in the county. Tw^enty-one natur-
al ponds of clear water, well supplied with lish, are
scattered over the town. A large number of fruit-
trees has been obtained from the most approved nurser-
ies, and they are thrifty and promising. There is very
little waste land. The Erie Railroad on the east, and
the Jeiferson Branch on the west afford convenient
Mr. Tallman relates the following amusing hunting-
story :
"Wlien father moved back from Susquehanna
county to Mount Pleasant, he had an old queen's-arni
musket, a charge for whic^h was an ounce ball and
nine buckshot, which made up nearly two ounces of
ly Avork and injured tlie skin badly. There were no
33
258 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
rifles in those days. My father was not a great hunt-
er but killed a large part of his own meat. On a cer-
tain time he and his brother-in-law, Chandler Tiffany,
concluded to hunt some larger game than deer, and,
consequently, rigged out for a bear hunt. When
they saw a large bear which had not discovered them ;
by concert they both shot at the same time, and doing
so, down went the bear. They were so elated that
they forgot to load their guns, and both ran their
best, and, when in close proximity to their game, the
bear discovered them and came to her feet and made
battle, approaching them with her mouth wide open.
Father made a lucky thrust and jammed his gun into
her mouth. She seized it, crushing the stock and
denting the barrel with her tushes, as she reared up
on her haunches; he threw her nearly on her back, in
reach of Tiffany, telling him to take his hatchet to
her; he did so, but struck her with the head of it.
She struck him on the breast with one paw and strip-
ped him of every vestige of clothing as well as his
moccasins and stockings. Father cried, "Strike her
with, the edge ! " and tlie third blow was given edge
first, square between her eyes, which checked her
fury, and, the blows being promptly repeated, she was
overcome. Father's nmsket was badly crushed and
Tiffany half naked, and though they were lords of
the forest by virtue of good luck, they estimated a
bear hunt of less importance than before their adven-
ture."
TO WNSHIPS— PRESTON. 259
Starkucca. This borough was erected m 1853, and
then called the borough of Wayne. It is three miles
long on the Susquehanna line, and two miles wide. It
was taken about equally from Scott and Preston town-
ships. Benjamin T. West, Esq., lived in the place in
1824. He was a son of Jones West, a blacksmith
from Albany Co., N. Y. According to 'Squire West,
Henry Sampson was one of the first settlers at Star-
rucca. His children were Esquire . Sampson, John
Sampson, Benjamin Sampson, Henry Sampson, Jr.,
Stephen Sampson, Hasadiah Sampson, and William
son married a sister of Benj. T. West. Jirah Mum-
ford, Jr., a son of Jirah Mumford, Sen., the progeni-
tor of all the Mumfords, was one of the first if not
the first settler of the place, and the father of Hon.
James Mumford, deceased, who lost two sons in the
Hebellion. E. C. Mumford, the present district-attor-
ney of the county, is one of the Judge's sons, also, W.
W., late Representative of Wayne, Clinton D., and
Clarence G. Mumford. W. W., and Clinton D., have
a manufactory of pyroligneous acid and naphtha, the
only one in the county. David Spoor early lived at
Starr ucca, and 'Squire Whitaker, who removed to
Lizard Lake. Henry Sampson, Sen., built the first
grist-mill. All the men were more or less engaged in
lumbering pine which was taken to Hale's Eddy. El-
der Peck was the first minister, and Elder Smitzer
formed the first Baptist church in the place. Nelson
M, Benedict lived in the place almost fifty -three years
260 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
ago, and had eight children. One of his sons, Kelson
M. Benedict, n(^)w living, is a justice of the peace.
Dr. Thomas was the first physician, and Dr. J. P.
81iaw has lived in the place twenty-two years.
H. McMurray, a well-known and intelligent man,
lives in the place. Wm. Graham and John McMnr-
ray began the first tannery and were succeeded hy
Mr. Cowan, then by Drake & Salisbury, and finally
l)y Major E. P. Strung, who now owns one of the
largest tanneries in the county. The Jefferson rail-
road passes near the place. The village is kept very
neat and tasteful. There is a Koman Catholic and a
M. E. Church, and three common schools. There is
also a Baptist society in the place, of whicli Rev. S.
W. Cole is the pastor.
CHAPTER XXI.
TOWNSHIPS— iSALEM.
THIS township was set off from Canaan, in 1808,
that of Sterling was taken therefrom in 1815, and
the Wallenpaupack was made the dividing line, leav-
ing: it bounded north bv South Canaan and Chenw
Ridge, east ])y Palmyra, south by Sterling, and west
TO WNSHIPS— SALEM. 261
l)y Luzerne (now Lackawanna) county. The north
part of Salem lias lately been erected into a new
township, called Lake, but it is more convenient to de-
scribe it as it was after the separation of Sterling,
hi 1799, there were but four settlers in Salem at the
most, namely, Moses Dolph, Edward London, Elisha
Potter, and Joseph Wheatcraft. Soon after, how-
ever, we find the names of William Dayton, Samuel
Hartford, and James Hartford among old papers.
Moses Dolph lived at Little Meadows. According to
the accounts given by the old settlers in Paupack, a
man, by the name of Strong, first built here, in 1770.
Soon after the battle at Wyoming, he, with some
others, had a desperate fight with the Lidians at this
place. Strong and his family were all massacred,
and Jacob Stanton was the only white man that
escaped. He fled, and notified the settlers upon the
Paupack of their danger. Late in the fall of 1779,
Stanton came back to the place and found that the
Indians had burned down the house. He dug a grave,
and gathered up the bones of the wliites and Indians,
and, placing them together, raised a mound over
them. My father, Seth Goodrich, who afterwards
owned the place, would never allow the moimd to be
disturbed. There was a very old orchard there which
must have been planted by the Indians, as Little
hunting parties. Jacob Stanton built a house and
moved his wife and family to Little Meadows, in 1780,
or in 1781, where, during his life, he kept a public-
262 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
house, and was succeeded in the same business until
1801, by his son-in-law, Moses Dolph, wlio then sold
the possession to Dr. Lewds Collins. He, in his turn,
in 1803, sold the same to Seth Goodrich, who lived
on the place during his life. He kept a house of en-
tertainment for many years, but he never took a
Edward London took up four hundred acres at Sa-
lem cross-roads, now Hamlinton, and l)uilt a log-house
near where Clearwater's tavern now stands, and, in
1801, sold out his possessions to Charles Goodrich,
Sen., who built a new log-house above a large spring,
about twenty rods east of Salem Corners. The log-
house, built by London, w^as some years afterwards
used as a school-house, and a man, by the name of
Benedict, was the teacher. Charles Goodrich, Sen.,
died at Salem Corners. Charles, Jabez, and Enos
were his sons. His daughters were as follows : Anna,
who married Gideon Curtis; Mary, who married Jas.
Huttze; Lucy, who married Ellery Crandall; and
Laura, who married Henry Matthews, all of whom
settled on the old road from Paupack to Capouse, on
a creek, which was named after him. He was really
in Luzerne county, although for many years assessed
in Salem. Joseph Wheatcraft settled near Hollister-
ville. He was from Maryland, and late in life his
family removed to Ohio. William Dayton located
about a half a mile east of the Five Mile creek, on
TOWNSHIPS— SALEM. 263
Meadows to Piirdytown. He married Arsenetli
Wright, and was the " Old Grimes," of his day.
"His heart was open as the day,
And all his feelings true,
His hair was some inclined to gray.
He wore it in a cue. "
Samuel Hartford located about one mile east of
married Aaron Gillet, Esq., and is yet living in the
township, and Philena, who married a Methodist min-
ister named Kendall, and has been dead many years.
In or about 1825, Mr. Hartford started the first card-
ing-mill in Salem, in the hollow east of Salem Corners.
James Hartford, a brother of Samuel Hartford, al-
though taxed in Palmyra, really lived in Salem on the
north of the Purdytown road and half a mile from
William Dayton. He used to make his scantily-clad
children go to school every day a distance of three
miles, but they were among the briglitest scholars in
the town.
Betwen 1799 and 1803, seventeen new^ settlers ar-
rived and took up lands and built huts or houses ac-
cording to their ability. They came from Connecticut
via Newburg and Carpenter's Point, below Port Jer-
vis, on to Milford, thence by the way of Shohola,
Blooming Grove, and Palmyra, to Major Ansley's, and
finally through the Seven Mile swamp to Little Mead-
ows. In alphabetical order they were as follows :
Ephraim Bidwell was a soldier during the Revolu-
tionary war, was present at the battle at Monmouth,
264 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
suffered at Oamptown, I^. J., and participated in tlie
last ]>attle at Yorktown. He was an enthusiastic ad-
mirer of AYatsliington, and denied the charge that the
Greneral was (told and distant; on the contrary, "The
Cireneral," he said, "often came among his soldiers,
cordially sliook hands with them, and conversed freely
with them about their sufferings and grievances/'
Some of his grandsons fell in the late war, and others
of liis grand(;hildren are living in tlie town. His sons
were Luther, Jabez, William, Orrin, and Ashbel. His
daughters were Prudence, Lucy, and Rachel. Pru-
dence nuirried a man by tlie name of Samuel Pease.
Being a great trapper he skinned a wolf that he found
(lead in a trap and threw the skin around his neck,
where were some sores which absorbed a deadly virus
from the skin and he died w^ith the horrors of hydro-
phobia.
Josiah Curtis settled half a mile or more west of
Salem Corners on the east and west I'oad. His sons
were Gideon, Fitch H., and Edward. Gideon Curtis,
a farmer, \vas for many years a noted supervisor of
the town. Fitch H. Curtis and Edward Curtis were
excellent workmen as carpenters and joiners. Lie had
three daughters, one the wife of Edmund Nicholson,
one the wife of Amasa Jones, and one named Morilla,
who died unmarried and bequeathed the most of hei-
property to the Presbyterian church in Salem.
Harris Hamlin settled in 1802, tw^o miles west of
the Corners. He w^as a lu'ickmaker by trade, and he
built the tirst frame house in the town. His sons
TO WNSHIPS—SALEM. 265
were as follows : 1st. Oliver Hamlin, who kept it
store many years and a public house at Hamlin ton.
From thence lie removed to Bethany and traded
awhile, and then to Honesdale, and there continued as
a merchant during his life; he was a county commis-
sioner three years and associate judge five years; 2d,
Harris Hamlin, Jr., a farmer, who is yet living near
Hollisterville ; 3d, Ephraim W. Hamlin, who, in early
life removed to Bethany, where he is yet living. He
was many years county treasurer, then a State Repre-
sentative and afterward State Senator. 4th, Butler
Hamlin, who when a young man, commenced as a mer-
chant at Salem Corners, (since called Hamlinton in
honor of the family,) and by strict attention to busi-
ness acquired a competence. In 1861 he was elected
associate judge of the county and served out his time,
since which he has rejected all proffered nominations
for office.
Harris Hamlin, Sen., had five daughters; of these,
Sarah, now aged ninety years, married John Bonham,
and Philena married Yolney Cortright, and both are
living. Catharine, the wife of Horace Lee, Buey,
wife of Daniel Baldwin, and Amanda, wife of John
David Hale took up the place afterward owned by
Abisha Peet. It was claimed that Hale's wife made
fifty pounds of sugar one spring and boiled down all
(^)f the sap in a tea-kettle and a frying-pan.
Timothy Hollister settled on the road from Little
Meadows to Jonestown, cleared up a good farm, sold
it, and in his old age moved to Michigan, being a loser
34
266 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
hy leaving his iirst home. He had two sons and two
daiigliters, all of wiioni are dead.
Asa Jones, generally called Deacon Jones, had a
large family, all of whom are dead, excepting his
daughter, widow Polly Hollister, who is the oldest of
the family, and is now ninety-two years of age. His
sons were Asa Jones, Jr., Amasa Jones, and Joel
Jones. The family need no eulogy.
Salmon Jones, a brother of the Deacon, was elected
sheriff in 1816 and removed to Bethany. He had a
respectable family, all of w^hich are gone to the grave.
Jesse Morgan and George Morgan, his son, Iirst be-
gan on Morgan Hill, but having some dilficulty about
the land, tliey removed to Canaan township. George
Morgan died in that township within the past year,
aged ninety-seven years.
Michael Mitchell began about 1802, and then re-
moved to Providence, Luzerne (county, iinally return-
ing to Salem. He ^\'as an ingenious mechanic, mason,
carpenter, shoemaker, school-master, and music-teacher.
In later years he taught all to sing that could learn the
old minor-keved fuo-ue tunes. Gne of them was
'' Whitestown," which his choir used to sing witli
strong, natural voices to the appropriate words:
* * Where nothing dwelt but beasts of prey,
Or men as fierce and wild as they;
He bids the oppressed and poor repair,
And build them towns and cities there.
They sow their fields, their trees they jDlant^
Whose yearly fruit supplies their want;
Their race grows up from fruitful stocks,
Their wealth increases with their Hocks. "
TOWNSHIPS— kSALEM, 267
Aside from his otlier qualifications, Mr. Mitcliell
was an expert mathematician ; indeed he was no botch
at anything he undertook. He died in elanuary, 1855,
aged eighty years, and his wife died in February, 1867,
in the ninety-second year of her age. They have three
sons living, namely, Jairus Mitchell, living near Hol-
listerville, well known as the manufacturer of Mitch-
ell's rakes, John P. Mitchell, who lives on Potter's
creek, above IloUisterville, and owns a valuable farm
and saw-mill, and Shepherd Mitchell, who is unmar-
ried and lives near his brothers.
Elizur Miller settled north of Timothy Hollister on
the Jonestown road. He was the father of Joseph,
Jesse, Ashbel, and Hervey Miller. Joseph Miller
built the court-house in Bethany in 1816, and was
twice elected sheriff of the county. Jesse Miller lived
and died near the old homestead. Ashbel Miller clear:
ed up a farm near RoUisonville, then removed to Burnt
Ridge, south of his first farm, lived there several years
and cleared up a farm which he finally sold to Thomas
Bortree and moved West. Hervey Miller settled in
Canaan.
Francis Nicholson, a Revolutionary soldier, who
located immediately west of Josiah Curtis, died soon af-
ter he settled in the township. He left a widow and a
lar^e familv of children, of whom were Jonathan
Nicholson, who had seven sons in the late war, tmd
Edmund Nicholson, who married a daughter of Josiah
Curtis, and lived one mile south-west of Salem Cor-
ners. One of his sons fell in the late war.
268 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Zenas Nicholson was a carpenter and mill-wriglit.
he removed to Hamlinton. He died of epilepsy. He
had six sons and three daughters. His sons were H.
W. Nicholson and G. Byron Nicholson, late attorneys
at law, deceased ; Lyman Nicholson, lieutenant in the
late war and who was killed at Gettysburg; Seth G.
Nicholson, farmer in Sterling ; Milton Nicholson, and
Oscar Nicholson, of Luzerne county.
Ambrose Nicholson, one of the original family, re-
moved a few years ago to Nebraska. Henry Heermans
married Fanny Nicholson, and Solomon Purdy also
married one of the daughters. Jeremiah Osgood, who
was a Revolutionary soldier and was afterwards pen-
sioned by the government, took up land one mile north
of Hamlinton. He died at the age of ninety-nine
years. His sons were Jeremiah, Daniel, and Joseph.
The latter is a physician yet practicing in the town,
and is the only survivor of the family. Lydia, the
only daughter, married Ebenezer Cobb.
Theodore Woodl)ridge, about 1803, took up twelve
hundred acres of land, moved his family into tlie town,
and built a house of hewn logs one mile east of Ham-
linton. He was the wealthiest man in the place. He
v\'as a major in the Kevolutionary wai-, belonged to
the order of "The Cincinnati," and was often visited
])y othcers of disthiction. He built the first saw-mill
in the town at the outlet of tlie Bidwell pond, which
mill was soon afterwards burnt down ; he then built a.
oirist-mill and saw-mill on a branch of the Faupack,
TO WNSHIPS— SALEM. 269
Inilf a mile east of Salem Corners, as it was then call-
ed. He was active in every good work tliat would
l)enelit the community. He established a small library
for the benefit of the young people, furnishing most
of the books himself. He held several offices in the
county, but was indifferent to the emoluments of office.
He had two sons and two daughters. They were well
educated before they came into the county.
Ashbel Woodbridge was a good and competent
school-teacher and taught several years in the school-
house near his home. After many years he removed
to Falls township, Luzerne county, and taught in their
schools to a very advanced age. William Woodbridge
married Almira, the only daughter of John Weston,
and remained many years on the old homestead.
Anna, the oldest daughter, was a noble woman; she
married Clement Paine, a wealthy merchant of Tioga.
Laura married a Presbyterian clergyman named Bas-
com. Rev. William Woodbridge, Sen., a Presbyte-
rian minister, a graduate of Yale College, the chief
author of Woodbridge's geography, and who had
passed most of his life as a teacher in high schools,
came and lived three or four years with his nephew,
William Woodbridge, after the death of his brother,
Major Woodbridge, who died in or about 1815. Rev.
AVilliam Woodbridge, while in Salem, passed his time
in preaching and giving instruction in geography and
astronomy to chisses of young people. He said that
the Major came to the Beech woods because he had
not the means of keeping up that style of living ex-
270 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
pected of him in Connecticut. The old Woodl)ridge
farm is now owned by T. J. Watson. Joseph Wood-
bridge was a relative of Major Woodbridge. He
took up four hundred acres of land. He liad a large
familjy all of whom, excepting one son living on the
old farm, are in the grave. He was a very competent
man, had a good library of books, and was the first
justice of the peace in the town. He died in the very
meridian of life.
Nathan Wright settled one mile south of Salem
Corners about 1803. He came by the encouragement
of Major Woodbridge, who, knowing him to be a good
blacksmith, said tlie settlers must have a blacksmith,
and could not do without one, as, in those days, the
plowshares were all made out of wrought iron and'
steel. Mr. Wright worked at his trade during his
life-time. He had four sons, namely. Miles, a farmer
who was never married; x\bel, who was married,
died recently, leaving a family; Moses, who married,
but left no family; and Sanford, who is unmarried
and yet living. There were four of his daughters as
follows: Anna, Lucina, and Kuth, were married in
the towm; Polly, the oldest of the girls, died un-
married.
The settling of the sons of the pioneers above de-
and population of the town, but there was only a small
incoming of new settlers between 1805 and 1825.
John Weston. Though we remember him well, we
are unable to state the exact time of his settlement,
TOWNSHIPS— SALEM. 271
but it was near 1809. He married the widow of
Francis Nicholson, deceased. His oldest son, Luther
Weston, cleared up a large farm west of Joseph
Woodbridge, Esq. He married Leury, a daughter of
Deacon Asa Jones, and after her death widow Sally
Hewitt. Altliough a lame man, he acquired a com-
petency by farming. He removed to Hamlinton,
where he lived many years, and there died, an honor-
ed and worthy maii. Another son was Elijah Wes-
ton, who married a daughter of Major Torrey. Both
are dead. Their son, Edward Weston, Esq., a noted
civil engineer in the employ of the Delaware & Hud-
son Canal & Railroad Company, resides at Provi-
dence, Pa. William Woodbridge married Almira,
the only daughter of John Weston.
Amos Polly, who lived in Jonestown in 1815, was
the second justi(?e of the peace in the town, w^hicli of-
fice he held until 1839. His wife was a sister of the
late Joseph Headley, of Prompton. For many years
Esquire Polly resided at Hamlinton, and Dr. Hiram
Blois married Sophia, his daughter.
Henry Avery, who was from near New London,
Connecticut, came to the county about 1812. He
had doubled Cape Horn eight times, and to escape
the perils of the sea, (having on his last voyage been
shipwrecked,) he came to the Beech woods. He was
a man of reading and deep reflection, and, at the re-
quest of his neighbors, held the ofiice of justice of the
peace for many years. A few years since he died,
aged ninety-five years. One daughter, widow Almira
272 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Wetlierit, his oldest child, now living in Salem, alone
remains of his family. Others say that there are two
i>f the family li^dng in the State of New York.
Bethuel Jones, father of Ebenezer R. Jones, wlio
was twice commissioner of the connty, took up land
at one time occupied by Eliphalet Flint. Before Mr.
Jones died, he and his son, El)enezer, had cleared up
and improved an excellent farm. Many years ago
one of the old gentleman's sons came from Connecti-
cut, his father's native home, on a visit. Supposing
that there would be ]*are sport in hunting deer, lie
went with his bi'other, Ebenezer, to the w^oods, shot
at a deer, which fell; he eagerly jumped upon the
deer to cut its throat, but the struggling animal struck
the knife with his hind foot, changing its direction,
and causing the knife to sever the femoral artery of
the young man's left leg. He fell over and died in a
few minutes.
John Andre w^s, about 1813, took up a farm east of
the oldest, is living, aged ninety-two years; John,
Charles, and David are dead. Anson Goodrich mar-
ried Eunice, his only daughter, who was an excellent
woman. She died, leaving a family of ten children,
most of whom are living.
Tlie following named persons settled before 1823:
John Glossenden settled north-east of Anson Good-
rich, took up one hundred and sixteen acres of land,
cleared up a good farm, and lived there duiing his life.
Robert Glossenden, a son of his, was born there.
TOWNSHIPS— SALEM. 273
Aaron Gillett was from Connecticut, and first be-
gan by teaching school in the town. He married a
daughter of Samuel Hartford, and he and his wife are
both living.
Edmund Hartford lived on the north side of the
Paupack below Luther Weston's, and owned a grist-mill,
which was built by Ephraim Bidwell, Ashbel Wood-
bridge, and William Hollister on the Sterling side of
the creek. Hartford probably bought the mill of
Hollister. Mr. Hartford was always considered honest,
an excellent quality in a miller.
Amasa Hollister, a ])lacksmith, began about 1815.
His sons were Alpheus, Alanson, Amasa, Wesley,
and John F. Alpheus and Alanson built a saw-mill
and grist-mill and made many other improvements.
John F. Hollister lives at Piano, Illinois. Amasa and
Wesley went South. There were two daughters;
Ursula, now a widow living in Illinois, married Mar-
cus Stewart, and Daphne married Hiram Brown, who
went West.
Henry Heermans began first upon the place last
owned by Harris Hamlin, Sen., and then he removed
to Salem Corners, which place was in part built up by
him. He was elected constable in the spring of 1818,
and, at November sessions, 1818, he was licensed to
keep a public house, which, with a store, he managed
for several years. He was a stirring business man.
In 1829 he disposed of his property at Salem Corners
and removed to Providence, Pa.
Samuel Morgan bought the farm first taken up by
35
(274 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
liis uncle, Jesse Morgan, and' called Morgan hill. He
was a shrewd man and a good farmer. He so much
resembled Ben. Butler that had they been dressed
alike it would have been hard to tell them apart. His
daughter, Mary Morgan, now owns the old home-
stead. Halsey Morgan, one of his sons, remains in
the town, but his other children have removed.
Aaron Morgan, a brother of Samuel, bought and
improved land north of his brother. Subsequently he
bought of Charles Goodrich, Sen., the north-east sec-
tion of the old London lot, at Hamlinton, containing
one liundred and twenty acres, and exchanged his
northern farm with Hammond Fowler for the George
Lee farm lying east of his purchase of Charles Good-
rich. Aaron Morgan's old farm is now owned by A.
R. Jones, which farm adjoins the one of that ingen-
ious orchardist and gardener, T. W. Quintin. Mr.
Morgan built the large stone dwelling-house at Ham-
linton and, upon his death, bequeathed all his property
equally to his four daughters.
Dr. Asa Hamlin, who originally was from Con-
necticut, came to Salem about 1814. He was the
first settled physician ; before his time Dr. Collins, of
Cherry Bidge, or Dr. Mahony, of Bethany, was called
in cases of great extremity. Dr. Hamlin bought or
rented a tavern-stand of Henry Heermans and kept
tavern several years at Hamlinton, and was succeeded
by Jeffrey Wells. Dr. Hamlin had three sons and
one daughter. He took great pains to educate his
children. His oldest son, William E. Hamlin, mar-
TO WNSHIPS— SALEM. 275
ried a daughter of David Noble and has been a promi-
nent merchant at Nobletown from his youth up. The
other sons removed to western Pennsylvania and have
been popular men in the Legislature. The only daugh-
ter, Eliza, married James Noble, of Nobletown, both
of whom are living.
John Roosa, Esq., bought the corner where Dr.
Hamlin kept tavern, and was licensed at' April sessions,
1826. He had previously kept a popular tavern in
Damascus. No reasonable man could find any fault
with the house kept by Mr. Roosa. After eight or
ten years, he sold out to John Nash, and removed to
Orange county. He was the father of Dr. Isaac
Koosa, George D. Roosa, and, also, of Charles P.
Roosa, who kept a store in Hamlinton several years.
Catharine, the only daughter, married Anson Northum,
a merchant.
Jonathan B. Watrous came to Salem w^hen young.
He was known to be the best boot and shoe maker to
be found. He married a daughter of Joseph Moore,
Sen. He is one of the oldest men in the town.
Joseph Moore, Sen., was originally from Connecti-
cut. He had three children by his first wife, namely,
Joseph Moore, Jr., who married Rebecca, daughter of
Seth Goodrich; Abigail, wife of George Goodrich;
and Matilda, wife of J. B. Watrous.
Edward Moore bought the farm first owned by Har-
ris Hamlin. Dr. Joseph S. Moore, a son of Edward
Moore, died many years ago. Horace Moore, anothei'
son, lives in Jonestown and owns the best farm in the
276 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
neighborhood. Walter Moore lives adjoining the old
farm of his father, and Lucy Moore lives on the home-
John Raymond, who married a daughter of Thomas
Spangenberg, Esq., and who was a soldier in the war
of 1812 and is now pensioned, lived and traded as a
merchant several years in Hamlinton. He is now
living in Scranton.
John Buckingham, about 1818, settled on the farm
now owned by John Pel ton, and then removed to
South Canaan, where he lived the rest of his days.
By trade he was a calker and worked much at Hones-
dale u.pon canal-boats. Ambrose Buckingham, a
brother, bought land and cleared up a good farm near
the line between Salem and Paupack (really in Pau-
pack). He was father of Emma May Buckingham,
the authoress. Asa Johnson married a sister of said
Buckingham; Harvey Miller married one, and Jas.
Carr another. The family, as we have elsewhere sta-
ted, were from Saybrook, Conn. The Peet family
settled on the old Samuel Hartford farm. There
were Charles, a shoemaker, and Daniel and Abisha,
farmers. Moses Wright married one of the daugh-
ters, and Albert Stocker another. Stocker lived on
and owned the Isaac Hewitt place, east of Little
Meadows, w^hich his family now own.
Dr. Erastus Wright, from Massachusetts, com-
menced the practice of medicine, at Hamlinton, about
1823, and continued there during his life. He mar-
ried Lydia, a daughter of Pliny Muzzy, of Clinton,
TO WNSHIPS— SALEM. 277
and had two daughters, Mary and Frances. Mary
married Rev. A. R. Raymond, and Frances, Mr. Cook.
Salem is less broken by hills than any other town-
ship. The soil produces good crops of corn, rye, oats,
and buckwheat, but it is best adapted to the raising
of grass. The Wallenpaupack and its tributaries af-
ford abundant water-powxr. Jones pond is the larg-
est sheet of water in the county, and the Bid well pond
is also large. The Cobb pond is smaller, and the
Marsh pond the most diminutive. The first settlers
located on the old north and south and east and west
from Little Meadows to the Paupack, a distance of
seven miles. Fifty years ago the whole region east of
the Five Mile creek, with little exception, was an un-
broken wilderness. Rollisonville takes its name from
John, Asa, and Nathaniel Rollison, who first began
there.
The Osborn family, also, contributed to enlarge the
settlement. The post-office is Arlington. No. 19 is
situated at the head of Jones pond, on the light track
of the Peminsylvania Coal Co's Railroad, to which
position it owes its importance. The village has all
the buildings necessary for the convenience of a tliriv-
ing population. The post-office is Ariel. Number
north of No. 19, and is fast increasing in all that is
necessary to form a prosperous village. Hamlin ton
has two stores, one tavern, a Methodist Episcopal
church, a Presbyterian, and an Episcopal church.
278 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Hon. Butler Hamlin is postmaster. The situation of
the place is very pleasant. Hollisterville, situated on
Potter creek, has a post-office, two grist-mills, two
saw-mills, two rake-factories, three stores, two black-
smith-shops, two wheelwright-shops, one carding-mill,
one Baptist church, and one Protestant Methodist
churcli.
Ledgedale, situated on the Wallenpaupack, owes its
origin to the establishment of a tannery at the place
by G. B. Morss. It contains a saw-mill, grist-mill,
and store, witli all other conveniences appurtenant to
a village. The population is Irish and German. The
Saint Mary's Roman Catholic church is located near
by in Pike county. Services are held monthly. There
is a Methodist Episcopal church in Bidwelltown, and
a Baptist church in Jonestown. The first store in Sa-
lem was kept by George Harberger, in a part of Major
Woodbridge's new house. He kept salt at five dollars
per bushel, leather, paper, bohea tea, and pepper, and
took in pay fox and deer-skins. Oliver Hamlin kept
the next store at Hamlinton. Major Woodbridge
was the first post-master and he was succeeded by
his son, William. There were but two newspapers
taken in the town up to 1815. Theodore Woodbridge
and Seth Goodrich took one copy of the Hartford
Coitrant, and Joseph Woodbridge and John Weston
another. At that time John Searle carried the mail
from Milford through Salem to Wilkesbarre every
fortnight. When the papers came the men gathered
in to hear and discuss the neW'S. It took four months
TOWNSHIPS— STERLING AND DBEHER. 279
for the news about the battle of Waterloo to reach
the Beech Woods. Facts illustrative of the suffer-
ings of the first settlers are given elsewhere.
There are ten public schools in Salem, and the
same number in Lake. Number of taxables in Salem
in 1878, 455. Number in Lake, 371.
CHAPTEE XXII.
TOWNSHIPS— STERLING AND DREHER,
STEELING, including what is now Dreher, was sep-
arated from Salem, April 25th, 1815. It is bounded
north by the west branch of the Wallenpaupack, east by
the south branch thereof, south by Monroe county, and
west by Lackawanna. Other streams of less note are
Butternut and Mill creek. There are no lakes. The
waters of the Lehigh, is sterile and unimproved.
The lands about and westward of Nobletown and in
the northern and eastern part, along the south branch,
are of good quality and are well cultivated. Below
and eastward of Captain Howe's location and between
there and the old Bortree settlement, is a high hill of
l)roken ground, worthless except for pasturage.
280 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY.
Henry Stevens, a German, was the first settler on
the old north and sonth State road, near Butternut
country. In 1800 he was taxed as a laborer, and in
1803 paid taxes on two hundred acres of land. He
was the father of Valentine, George, Nicholas, and
Henry, who were all farmers, and of Jane and Martha
Stevens.
In 1805, Robert Bortree, Sen., Edward Cross, Jno.
Clements, and James Simons, each paid taxes on four
hundred acres of land, from which it appears that
each one took np a wari*antee tract. These men
bought their lands of Edward Evans, of Philadelphia,
the deed of John Clements being dated in March,
1804, that of Robert Bortree in May, 1805, and that
of James Simons, in July, 1806. The lands of the
above were described as located on the south branch
of the Wallenpaupack. In the same year (1805) Jo-
seph Simons and Abraham Simons paid taxation on
two hundred acres each. The above named came up
from Philadelphia and from Pocono by the old north
and south State road, from which they marked out a
route to their possessions. What few goods they had
were brought in on pack-horses. With axes and au-
gers they constructed their huts. Of so little value
were they that the assessors neglected to assess them.
Phineas Howe, Sen., or Captain Howe, a title
which he acquired in Massacluisetts, began on the old
north and south road and, in 1805, paid taxes on
thirty acres of land, and subsequently on 2744 acres;
TOWNSHIPS— STERLING AND DREHER. 281
consequently he paid the highest tax that was levied
in the township. During his life he was a noted inn-
keeper, and erected costly and convenient buildings
which, in or about the year 1826, were consumed by
tire. He lost all, as he had no insurance. He was
the father of the late Hon. Phineas Howe, Jr., for-
merly an associate judge of the county, and grand fa-
liter of Hon. A. R. Howe, once register and recorder
and Representative of the county. He had one other
son, named S. Howe, now deceased ; some of his chil-
dren are yet living in the township. Ezra Wall, Esq.,
a merchant of Nicholson, Luzerne county. Pa., married
one of his daughters, and Capt. A. H. Avery, of Sa-
lem, who removed to Illinois, married another.
The resident taxables in the township, at the time
of its erection, were Wm. Akers, Bartle Bartleson,
John Bennett, Jeremiah Bennett, Nathaniel Bennett,
Robert Bortree, Sen., Wm. Bortree, John Bortree,
Thomas Bortree, Jr., John Burns, John Clements,
Edward Cross, Andrew Cory, Richard Gilpin, Wm.
Gilpin, Wm. Hollister, Phineas Howe, Jonathan Rich-
ardson, and John Brown. We remember that in
or about 1821, Edward Bortree, Thomas Bortree, Sen.,
Benjamin Beach, Robert Cross, George Dobell, Jas.
Dobson, George Frazer, Dawson Lee, Thomas Lee,
William Lancaster, Richard Lancaster, Amasa Megar-
gle, Joseph Megargle, William McCabe, Edwin Mul-
linsford, John Nevins, Heman Newton, David Reed,
David Noble, John Simpson, Henry Trout, and Levi
Webster, together with those aforementioned, and
36
282 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
their children, with some others, were then residents
of Sterlhig township.
Prominent among the above named was Robert
Bortree, Sen. He built the first grist-mill and saw-
mill in the townsliip ; he did many other things for the
benelit of the public, and was an open-handed and
free-hearted Irishman. William Bortree, his oldest
son, for several years a farmer and merchant, died a
few years since, aged over ninety years. His other
sons were John, Edward, Thomas, and Robert. Mucli
to their credit, they settled near their old homestead.
If rightly informed, Robert, who lives on the east side
of the south branch of the Wallenpaupack, is the only
survivor of the family. Thomas Bortree built an ex-
cellent mill on the S(juth branch of the Wallenpau-
pack, about one mile from the mill that his fathe]-
constructed, and ran it many years with success. Then
he bought a farm of Ashbel Miller, situated in the
eastern part of Salem, on the old turnpike road, i\\
which place he died. His wife was a daughter of
Rev. Benjamin Killam, of Palmyra. There was an-
other Thomas Bortree, who was an older man and
was eitliei- an uncle or a relative of the younger
Thomas, who began at an early date on a farm on the
eastern side of the road nortli of J^iobletown.
William Gilpin was the first constable, and Jere-
miah Bennett the first assessor. He was the son of
John Bennett, and held the office of county commis-
sioner and other offices, and was captain of a militia
company. He was a generous and public-spirited
TOWNSHIPS— STERLING AND DREHER. 283
man and wielded great political influence. He, for
many years, kept a pul)lic-house in that part of the
town called Newfoundland. Nathaniel Bennett, a man
much esteemed in his day, was Jeremiah's brother.
David Noble was the iirst merchant in the town.
He bought a large tract of land and he and his sons
commenced and built up the village of Nobletown,
and, judging from the social and moral character of
the people, the name of the place is very appropriate.
William T. Noble, a brother of, David, was for many
years a merchant in said village.
William Hollister, from Connecticut, in early days,
was interested in building the grist-mill always known
as the Edmund Hartford mill. After clearing up a
farm, he returned to his native place and remained a
few years, then came back, and died at Salem. Asa
Hollister, his only son, is living at Hollisterville. Three
of his daughters are living. James Waite married
one, Leonard Clearwater one, and A. B. Walker an-
other. Mrs. Polly Hollister, his widow, is jet living,
aged over ninety years. Mr. Hollister was an excel-
lent man. He was in no way related to the families
of Timothy Hollister and Amasa Hollister.
Jonathan Ricliardson was from Philadclpliia, and
was a man of capacity and education.
Richard Lancaster was an Englishman and a silver-
making silver spoons, and took them to Philadelphia
for sale. He held the oltice of justice of tlie peace,
and was elected treasurer and sheriff of the county,
284 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
and discharged all tlie duties pertaining to these offices
with fidelity.
Dawson Lee and Thomas Lee lived near Thomas
Bortree, Sen., on the Newfoundland turnpike. Daw-
son Lee was a shrewd, witty man. They were Loth
good farmers. Thomas Lee once had a number of
iine shoats in a pen which one by one mysteriously dis-
appeared. At last he set a trap and caught a large
{)lack bear which thus fell a victim to his un Jewish
appetite for pork.
Amasa Megargle was a miller, and, for many years,
was employed in the Honesdale inill. KW. the Me-
i>:ar2:les were ino-enious mechanics.
Levi Webster, in 1815, moved into Salem, and after
a few years took up a farm in West Sterling, Avliere
he remained the rest of his life. He was a man of
quick wit and well read, particularly in natural histo-
ry. He has three sons in the county, who are very
much like what their father was.
Such were the original settlers of Sterling, the
foundation of the present excellent superstructure of
its society. After the erection of the township,
constant accessions of the same moral excellence were
made to the population. Excepting Capt. Howe, Jer-
emiah Bennet, and David Noble, the most of the first
settlers were Irish.
It is a surprising truth that notmthstanding the
mingled nationalities of the people, no township in the
county has had fewer criminal prosecutions and civil
controversies in our courts than Sterling. Between
TOWNSHIPS—STERLING AND DREIIER. 285
thirty and forty years ago, a settlement was made in
East Sterling, or Newfonndland, by a body of worthy
and industrious Germans, who have greatly promoted
tlie wealtli and advancement of the township. When
the Bortree, Simons, Gilpin, Cross, and Clements
families, fresh from the Emerald Isle, first marked
their way into the woods and built their huts midst
gloom and solitude, how desperate was their condition,
contrasted with the enchanting scenes which they had
left forever behind them ! They suffered, struggled,
and agonized to live and provide homes for themselves
and their children; and let it not be forgotten that
they succeeded. After the German settlement began
to ilourisli, a turnpilve was constructed from the old
turnpike through Newfoundland, etc. It has since
l)een thrown up.
Since the plan for this history was adopted the
town has been divided and the southern part erected
into a new township and named Dreher, in honor of
Hon. Samuel S. Dreher, late president judge of Wayne
and Pike counties. In the south-western part of
Dreher, the Delaware, Lackawaxen and Western rail-
road crosses a narrow strip of the county at a place
called Sand Cut, where there is a depot and a post-
office. Though the village is small, the business is
large.
South Sterling is a small, thriving village with a
post-office and a M. E. church.
There is a post-office at Newfoundland and an
Evangelical church. Nobletown has a post-office and
286 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
H M. E. church. In 1878 Sterlmg had ten common
schools, inchiding those in Dreher. The number of
taxables in both was four hundred and ninety-one.
CHAPTEE XXIII.
TOWNSHIPS— CHERRY RIDGE.
rpmS township Avas formed from parts of Texas and
A Canaan townships, at December sessions, 1843.
It is bounded on the north and north-east by Tex-
as, on the south-w^est by Palmyra and Paupack,
south by Lake, and west by South Canaan and
Canaan. The chief natural ponds are Sand and Cajaw.
The Middle creek, Collins brook, Stryker, and Pond
brooks are the chief streams. There are no very high
hills, and the greater part of the land is cultivatable.
There is much land in the township of superior quality,
but the lands south of Middle creek are mostly rough
and uninviting, excepting about the Sand pond and in
the neighborhood of John R. Hoadley's. This town-
ship was early benefited by the passage of the Milford
and Owego turnpike road througli it, and at a later
period l)y the Ilonesdale and Cherry Ridge turnpike,
which was afterwards continued to East Sterling. A
TOWNSHIPS— CHERRY RIDGE. 287
settlement was commenced in this township before the
organization of the county, but at what exact time we
cannot ascertain. By an assessment of Canaan town-
ship, made, in 1799, by John Bunting, Esq,, it appears
that En OS Woodward, John Woodward, Sihis Wood-
ward, Asahel Woodward, and John H. Schenck had
at that time made quite an opening in the woods.
Enos Woodward had then more land cleared than any
man in the township, excepting Moses Dolph; having
iif ty acres of improved and one hundred and seventy-
five acres of unimproved land. John Woodward had
seventeen acres of cleared and three hundred and
eighty-three acres of uncleared land; Silas Woodward
and Asahel Woodward each had twenty acres of im-
proved, and each three hundred and eighty acres of
unimproved land; and Col. John H. Schenck had
forty acres of improved and four hundred acres of un-
improved land. About 1794, Benjamin King went
from Paupack and began on the Schenck farm, and,
in 1796, left it and went to Mount Pleasant. It is
his sons and Col. John fl. Schenck commenced and
made the first permanent improvements. They were
soon after joined by Daniel Davis and Abraham J.
Stryker.
Enos Woodward was a native of Massachusetts.
He was a soldier in the Pe volution ary war, and, while
at home upon a furlough, mixed in an Indian fight on
the Paupack. He was tall in stature, noble in bear-
ing, and much reseml^led his grandson, Hon. George
288 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY.
. W. Woodward, deceased. He had several sons, namely,
John, that quiet and unobtrusive man wlio lived and
died upon the great Woodward farm near the resi-
dence of J. Jordan; Silas, who bought the farm of
Phineas Coleman in Dyberry; EV)enezer, who owned
the farm west of Clark's Corners ; and Abisha Wood-
ward, whose history will l)e found under tlie head of
Bethany.
Colonel John H. Schenck was from (3range connty,
I*^. Y. Owning a good property in his native place,
he mortgaged it to raise money to equip a regiment
to serve in the Revolutionary war. Such was the pov-
erty of the country in those days that he was poorly
remunerated for his services, and, though made colonel
of the regiment that he raised, he was not able to re-
deem the farm that he mortgaged. He removed to
Cherry Ridge and took up the land known as the
Darling farm. He was finally pensioned by the gov-
ernment and died at the house of Dr. Sweet in Canaan
township. He was a patriot whose name deserves to
be remembered. Some of his descendants are living
in the township. Colonel Jacob Schenck was a son of
Colonel John H. Schenck. Jacol) had the following
sons: John J., who lived and traded many years at
Clark's Corners, a most estimal)le man ; Apollos D.,
Henry, Caleb D., and Isaac, and, also, two daughters.
Abraham J. Stryker ])ought a large quantity of
land south of the Enos AVoodward farm, and made
improvements thereon. In his old age he removed t«»
TOWNSHIPS— CHERRY RIDGE. 289
Honesdale. His only son, Abraham A. Stryker, is
living in Damascus.
Daniel Davis located upon the farm now owned by
H. L. Phillips. When there was much travel npon
the turnpike, Mr. Davis kept a good public house for
many years. Stephen Kimble, married Catharine, a
daughter of Daniel Davis.
Thomas Lindsley, for many years, kept a tavern in
Cherry Ridge.
Dr. Lewis Collins was born in Litchfield, Connecti-
cut. He married a daughter of Hon. Oliver Hun-
tington, of Lebanon, in that State. He removed his
family to Salem, in 1801, and bought of Moses Dolph
this time the county seat was fixed at Bethany, and
the doctor wishing to locate nearer the centre of the
county, where he could have a larger field for his prac-
tice, sold out to Seth Goodrich, removed to Cherry
Ridge in 1803, and bought the possessions of Enos
Woodward aforesaid. The farm that he purchased is
now owned by his grandson, Lewis S. Collins, Esq.
The practice of the doctor was very extensive and em-
braced the whole circuit of the county. He had a sar-
castic way of giving gratuitous advice to his patients,
whicli, althougli salutary, was not always agreeable.
store her appetite, to go without eating for eight and
forty hours, and if that failed, to go without, eight and
forty hours longer, and then to eat old bread and ap-
ple-sauce. The following were the names of the chil-
37
290 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
dren of Dr. Lewis Collins, viz : Aiigiistns, who owned
and lived upon the farm now the property of Charles
Gc. Reed in Dyberry ; Oristns, attorn ey-at-law, generally
known as Judge Collins. He located at Wilkesbarre,
and at times practiced at the Bar in Wayne county.
He Avas ten years president judge of the several courts
in Dauphin county, Fa. He is yet living with his son
in Princeton, New Jersey; Abner, a farmer, died in
Salem an aged man ; Lorenzo was a farmer and sawyer
and died in Cherry Ridge, leaving no enemies. Decius,
a farmer, removed to Salem and bought a farm there,
at whi(;h place he died. Lucius was twice elected
sheriff of the county; consequently he lived several
years at Bethany and was known by almost every man
in the county. He returned to the old farm of his
father and has been dead but a few years. Alonzo, a
farmer, bought a farm in Canaan and died there. He
was a man of reading and culture. Huntington, who
was a mill-wright, learned his trade of Zenas Nichol-
son and Henry Heermans, and built more mills than
any other man living or that ever lived in Wayne and
Pike counties. Theron, a farmer, has been dead many
years. Philena, the only daughter, married Yirgil
Diboll, a physician, who removed to the Wyoming
Valley.
At the erection of the town there were many good
farms, (which number has been largely increased since,)
assessed to the following named persons : Samuel Bar-
tron, E. H. Clark, Lucius Collins, Samuel S. Darling,
John P. Darling, John Kirby, Jacob S. Kimble,
TOWNSHIPS— CHERRY RIDGE. 291
David Kenner, Lewis Leonard, Wm. R. McLaury,
Edward Murray, John G. Schenck, A. A. Stryker,
and Isaac Y. Writer. The heavy track of the Penn-
sylvania Coal Go's railroad runs through the southern
part of this township, and it crosses the Middle creek
above the most splendid fall on that stream. Here, in
coming times, will be found a manufacturing village.
Middle Valley owes its importance and develop-
ment to the establishment there of the great tannery
of L. A. Robertson &, Go. Ten years ago, it did the
largest tannery business in the county. The com-
pany, for the benefit of themselves and the region
about them, cleared up a large quantity of land, and,
by selling a portion to their workmen, were the means
of causing several farms to be made. The place is
conveniently located near the loaded track of the
Pennsylvania Goal Go's railroad; it has a large store,
a post-office, and a flourishing school. Tlie tannery
is now run and controlled by William Gale, Esq. A
daily mail passes through Middle Valley, running
from Honesdale to Hamlinton. The post-office, call-
ed Gherry Ridge, is located at the intersection of the
Honesdale and Gherry Ridge turnpike with the old
Milford and Owego turnpike road. The office was
kept in the dwelling-house of the late E. H. Glark,
Esq., deceased, until the house was burned down, a
year or two ago. There is no licensed public house in
the town. The people are made up of L*ish, German,
English, and American-born citizens, the L-ish ele-
ment probably predominating. The township of
292 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Cherry Hidge has one church, formerly called the
Union church, but now the M. E. church, and iive
common schools. The abundance of cherry-trees on
the old Enos Woodward, John H. Schenck, and John
Woodward lands gave name to the place long before it
was erected into a township.
CHAPTER XXIV.
TO WNSHIPS—D YBERE Y.
THIS township was erected in 1805, and was the
first one taken out of the original townships. It
was taken from Damascus, Palmyra, and Canaan.
The excision of Texas and Berlin greatly diminished
its area. It is now bounded by Mount Pleasant and
Lebanon on the north, on the east by Oregon, on the
south by Texas, and west by Canaan and Clinton.
The main streams are the Dyberry and its tributaries,
and the Jennings creek. Part of the Sand pond is in
the north-west part, and tliere are also the Third, Sec-
ond, and First ponds ; from the last two most of the
water is derived which supplies the borough of Hones-
dale. There are no high, uncultivatable hills, except-
ing in the upper north-eastern section. The soil is
TO WNSHIPS—D YBERR Y. 293
varied, but much of it is of superior quality. Accord-
ing to Thomas Spangeuburg, Esq., he moved up from
New Jersey, in February, 1798, with one ox, har-
nessed like a horse, and moved into a hut which one
Kizer had built, the year before, on the place where
John Nelson now lives. There was nobody then in
Bethany. Samuel Smith built on the other side of
the George Yan Deusen place. The very night that
Esquire Spangenberg arrived, Richard Nelson, and
Conrad Pulis, a German, came. The latter began
and cleared up a farm. So numerous were his sons
that we may fail to mention them all, but among them
were Abraham, Peter, Henry, William, and Ephraim.
The farm of Conrad Pulis was below Day's bridge,
on the Dyberry.
Kichard Nelson bought against Big eddy, on the
same stream. He had five sons, namely : Richard, Jr.,
deceased; John, who has been an honest, hard-work-
ing farmer and lumberman, yet living near the old
homestead; Charles, who is an expert steersman on
the Lackawaxen and Delaware rivers ; Stephen, who
located in Lebanon and died there ; and James, who
first settled in Girdland and then removed to Nebras-
ka. Henry Brown married one of the daughters of
Richard Nelson, William Bolkcom one, and Osborn
Mitchell another.
About 1799, Jonathan Jennings began on the west-
ern side of the Dyberry, near the junction of Thomas
creek therewith, from which place he removed to and
bought the farm now occupied by Hiram G. Chase,
294 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Esq. Jonathan Jennings was many years crier of the
courts, and held important township offices. His son,
Henry, exchanged farms with Mr. Chase, taking the
one where he spent the remainder of his life. He
was a justice of the peace, and two of his daughters
now own his last residence.
A man by the name of Dye first made some im-
Drovement on or near the residence of Martin lviml)le.
The property belonged to Sylvanus Seely, who sold it
to Isaac Brink, from Brodhead's creek. After a while
Brink sold it to Asa Kimble, who was a son of Eph-
raim Kimble, Sen., of the Narrows, Pike Co., and
brother of the first svife of Joseph Atkinson, deceased.
Kimble married Abigail, a daughter of John Pellet,
of Palmyra, Pike Co., and Mr. Kimble and his wife
lived and died where his son, Martin, now lives.
Their children are Ephraim B., Isaac P., George W.,
John P., William, and Martin, and Mrs. Nancy Ge-
nung, widow of the late Ezra M. Genung, of Hones-
dale, deceased. They are all living in the county and
partake of the virtues of their parents, whose memory
is blessed.
Philip Thomas began before the year 1805, on the
farm of Albert Butler, on the road from Bethany to
Seelyville. None of his family are now living.
Abraham Brink, from Mom*oe county. Pa., built a
grist-mill on the outlet of the Eirst pond, upon the
premises now owned by Thomas O'Neill. In the first as-
sessment made in the township by Jonathan Jennings,
in 1805, the mill was assessed at $640.00. It was a TOWNSHIPS— DYBERRY. 295 popular mill and of great advantage to the settlers. Pope Buslinell, Esq., says that it used facetiously to be said that the mill could grind wheat so that it was almost as good as rye. But let it be remembered that the millstones were made from a hard quartz rock found on the Moosic mountains. Brink, or somebody else, afterwards built a saw-mill below the grist-mill. The whole premises afterwards fell into the hands of Colonel William Greeley, the father of Willard Greeley, of Honesdale, and of Kobert Greeley, of Prompton, a brave soldier in the war of the Rebellion. In or about the year 1816, Stephen Day, from Chat- ham, New Jersey, settled on the east side of the Dyberry, where his son Lewis now lives. It is one of the pleasantest places on that stream. He died there aged ninety-six years. His wife was a daughter of Benjamin Bunnell. Jane, his oldest daughter, married Moses Ward, and was the mother of Rev. E. O. Ward, of Bethany. The rest of his children were as follows: Elias, moved to Ohio, thence to California, where he died recently, aged ninety-three years; Barney and Benjamin removed to Ohio; Mary, the wife of Levi Ketchum, has, with her husband, been dead many years; Damaris, now living, is the wife of Hon. E. W. Hamlin, of Bethany, and as a florist has a most deli- cate taste and an appreciation of the beautiful ; Edwin S., deceased, was the father of George and Theodore; Lewis lives upon the old homestead and is an expert taxidermist. Hon. Pope Buslmell, a son of Gideon Buslinell, was 296 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY. 1>ori] in March, 1789, in Salisbury, Connecticut. He came into Dyberry in 1817. Joseph Dow, who was a brother of the widow of David Cramer, deceased, and of Mrs. Tallman, the wife of C. P. Tallman, Esq., lii'st began on his place; then Joseph Corbitt bought out Dow and sold his contract to Mr. Buslmell, who, by industry and economy paid for and cleared up the farm where he now lives. His worth was not unappreciated. He was appointed major of the first battalion of the Seventieth Regiment, in 1821, by Gov. Hiester, and was also appointed justice of the peace in 1824. He was the first county commissioner elected by the peo- ple. In 1847 he was chosen to represent the county in the Legislature. His pure life and abstemiousness have prolonged his life to a remarkable age, he being now in his ninety-second year. His wife, also living, was the daugliter of Gideon Hurlburt, and was one of three of his triplet daughters who were born in Goshen, Litchfield county, Connecticut, March 20th, 1788. The first daughter, Mrs. Susan Grenell, widow of Michael Grenell, of Brooklyn, Susquehanna county, was the mother of four children. She died, aged about eighty-eight years. Mrs. Sally Buslmell, now in hei* ninety-tiiird year, brought up six of her own cliildreii and four of other people's. Sidney X. Buslmell, Esq., is her only surviving (;hild. Mrs. Sibyl Ludington, widow of Theron Ludington, had but one child. She was a widow about seventy years, and died aged eigh- ty-eight years. Capt. Homer Brooks, came from Vermont in or TO WNSHIPS—D YBERB Y. 297 about 1816, and settled on the place where widow Eliza Brooks now lives. His sons were Ezra Brooks, a farmer, who lives westw^ard of the old homestead ; Yirgil Brooks, farmer in Lebanon; Major E. Brooks, deceased; Horace D. Brooks, of Susquehanna county, farmer ; and Wm. D. Brooks. He had several daugh- ters. Lephe, the wife of Lyman Gleason, Esq., is the only one living in the county. Lucy, the widow of Barney Bunnell, lives in Newark, N. J. The others are dead or have removed elsewhere. Joseph Gleason began near where his son, Lyman Gleason, now lives. Alvin, one of his sons, was killed in the war of the Bebellion. Willard, another son, lives near the old homestead. Gideon Langdon began about 1815 on the Thomas Hacker farm. His son, Solomon, followed him, and Jonathan T., another son, lived in Bethany. They iinally removed to Montrose, Susquehanna county. The first wife of Lewis Day was a daughter of Gideon Langdon. Philemon Ross, from Connecticut, in 1815, began where his son, David Boss, now lives. All the rest of the family have removed. Philemon married a daugh- ter of Pliny Muzzy, of Clinton. In 1817, Mr. Ross, who was one of the freeholders of the towTi, brought in a bill of$12.00 for warning twelve indigent persons
who might need public aid, to leave the town with
their families. There was no law to justify such in-
human ostracism, but it had become a custom in some
places, and it was claimed that custom made law.
38
298 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Pope Bushnell, Esq., being liiglily incensedj denounced
the custom as a disgrace, and it was thereafter discon-
tinued, and the said bill was never paid.
Jonathan Arnold, from Connecticut, settled on the
west branch in 1810. He was a pensioner, having
been in some of the severest battles of the Revolution.
He retained his faculties unimpaired to a very old age.
He was assessor of the town when eighty-four years
old. " His eye was not dim, nor hi& natural force
abated." He had a large family who are mostly, if
not all, dead. Hon. Phineas Arnold, late of Promp-
ton, and once associate judge of the county, and David
Arnold, once county treasurer, were his sons. He had
twelve children.
Isaac Dimmick came to Bethany about 1816. He
bought the farm now owned by Edwin Webb. He was
an associate jndge of the county four yeare. He sold
out his farm to Robei't Webb, Sen., and removed to
the West. He was a man of merit and ability,
Hon. Abisha Woodward, who was sheriif in 1807,
took up the Henry Webb farm, and then the place fell
into the hands of Edmund L. Reed. The history of
Judge Woodward will be found under Bethany.
Phineas Coleman and Daniel Bunting were the iirst
settlers upon the west branch; after them were Setb
Hayden and Moses Hayden.
Eliphalet Wood came from Dutchess Co., N. Y.,
and settled on the west branch of the Lackawaxen, in
1816, on the farm now o^vned by Michael Moran.
Mr. Wood bought out a man by tbe name of White.
TO WNSHIPS—D YBERR Y. 299
This was a very old place and is really in Clinton, al-
though it was once said to be in Dyberrj. The fol-
lowing are the names of most if not all of the Wood
family, namely: Enos, Jesse, Luman, Charles, Eliph-
alet, John N,, Ezekiel G., William F., Abigail, wife
of Elias B. Stanton, Esq., Jane, wife of Hon. Phin-
eas Arnold, both deceased, and Mary Wood, who
died young.
The farm, now owned by Oscar Bunnell, was once
if not at first occupied by Stephen W. Genung, and
then owned by John Leonard, who sold it to Z. M.
Pike Bunnell, since deceased. O. H. Bunnell, of
Honesdale, is a son of said decedent. One of his
other sons, Ellery, was killed in the battle at Gettys-
burg.
Spencer Blandin was the first settler upon the pres-
ent farm of Patrick O'Neill, on which is the great
spring above the road. Daniel Blandin, who, in his
life-time, lived near Honesdale, was his son. The
place has since had several owners. John C. Ham
l)uilt new buildings upon the farm, and then sold it to
O'l^^eill, and he, with his family, removed to Wauseon,
Ohio.
Eli Henshaw settled upon the farm now owned by
Joseph Arthur. At what particular time he and his
brother, Increase Henshaw, were first in the county is
uncertain, but we know that they were here in 1816,
Increase was a painter and an ingenious man. Some-
times he lived in Bethany and then in Dyberry.
D wight Hensliaw is a son of Eli.
300 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
V" Nathan Kellogg at first lived in Bethany ; he mar-
I'ied Salinda, a daughter of Abisha Woodward. He
was a relative of Silas Kellogg. He built a house on
the farm of Francis Beere, Esq., and there for many
A man by the name of Freeman began on the Ethel
Reed place, so called, and w^as succeeded by Ephraim
Torrey, wdio sold to Ethel Reed, who w^as a son of
Ethel Reed, Sen., of Salisbury, Conn. Pie came in
with his brother William, about 1832, and was a
wheelwright by trade. His only living children are
the widow of Ezra Brown, deceased, and the wife of
Dwdglit Henshaw. Wm. Reed, deceased, settled in
Honesdale and was many years a noted merchant.
Charles G. Reed and Edmund L. Reed were sons of
Josiah Reed, of Salisbury, Conn. The former located
in 1832, on the farm where he now lives. Dr. Dwight
Reed, Dr. Wm. Reed, and Egbert Reed, druggist
of Honesdale, are sons of the former. Edmund L.
Reed w^as a graduate of Yale College, and kept for
years the academy in Bethany, where he died.
Jacob Hole, in 1817, settled on the Borchers place.
He was the father of Lewis Hole.
William Miller, of German descent, came from Lu-
zerne county, about 1820, and settled on the place
where he now lives.
Barney Day began on the place near D. M. Kim-
ble, then removed to the West, and was succeeded by
Thomas Andrews.
Jacob Schoonover, a son of William Schoonover,
TO WNSHIPS—D YBERR Y. 301
began on Ids farm when lie was a young man. He
was a native of the county and has three sons.
Jason Torrey built a saw-mill at Dyberry falls,
about 1830. In 1857, Barnet Richtmyer built a tan-
nery there, which now belongs to Coe F. Young, Esq.
Wm. !N. Alberty is the general superintendent, and
the business is ably conducted. There is, also, a large
steam saw-mill. The water is used in and about the
tannery. The village is now called Tanners Falls. It
has a large store, a blacksmith shop and the usual
conveniences of a village. There is a large amount
of business done in the place.
Dyberry village. E. B. Kimble keeps a store, tav-
ern, and post-oftice at his residence. There is a
wagon and ])lacksmith shop, while the grist-mill of
There has been some dispute as to the origin of the
name of Dyberry. It was said by Mrs. Isaac Brink,
an early settler, that the earliest beginners told her
that a man named Dyberry built a cabin on the east
branch, and, being the first man that died in tlie town,
the place was called after him.
In 1816, C]u-istopher Faatz, Sen., Adam Greiner,
Jacob nines, Christopher Hines, Nicholas Greiner,
and Christian Faatz, all Germans, ("ommenced and
built a factory for tlie making of window-glass, about
one mile and a half west of Bethany and east of the
First pond, north of the residence of Charles Faatz.
The place selected w^as entirely surrounded by woods.
The stones witli which to build arches were obtained
302 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
from the Moosic mountain, and clay for pots wherein
to melt the glass, was brought from Philadelphia hy
wagons and sleighs. They made good glass which
they, by like means, had to convey to Wilkesbarre,
Xewburgli, and Philadelphia, from which places they
obtained their goods. They finally failed. James
Manning and Jacob Faatz ran the factory awhile and
stopped. Then Jacob Faatz and William Greeley
started it again in 1829. Augustus Greeley, a brother
of William, furnished the capital. This firm ran ten
years and failed and the works were sold. Then Sloan
(Sz Stebbins ran them for two years, when the works
were finally discontinued. The sand which was used
was taken from the ponds in the town. The several
firms from time to time employed from thirty to fifty
men. The enterprise was beneficial as it led to the
sale and clearing up of the lands. Hiram K. Mumf ord,
son of Thomas Mumf ord, of Mount Pleasant, owns
the house and buildings which were erected by Col.
William Greeley, now deceased. Joseph Bodie and
Jacob Bodie were blowers in the glass-house, and have
good farms in the " Bodie Settlement."
There are seven common schools, two hundred and
eighty taxables, one Baptist church, and a Granger's
hall in the town. The population is made up of
Americans, Irish, Germans, and English. Of the lat-
ter, within forty-five or fifty years past, the following
persons have settled, viz : John Blake, John Y. Blake,
John Bate, Francis Bate, James Pethick, Nicholas
Cruse, Kichard Clift, Francis Beere, Joseph Dony,
BOROUGH OF BETHANY. 303
Richard Bryant, Henry and Joseph Arthur, Matthew
Clemo, who are now living; also, Thomas Bryant,
William Bryant, John Dony, Samuel Dony, Robert
and Richard Webb, Thomas Crago, Mr. Reynolds,
John Bethick, and Thomas Hacker, all of whom are
deceased. The living are and the departed were the
l)est of farmers, and with their families made up the
greatest part of the population in the town.
CHARTER XXV.
BOROUGH OF BETHANY.
IT having been settled that Bethany was to be the
county seat of Wayne, as stated by Judge Wood-
ward, in the introductory chapter to this work, in
1801, Jason Torrey, Esq., surveyed and set the stakes
for the public square and court-house, to be erected
upon the 999 acres which Henry Drinker, of Phila-
delphia, donated to Wayne county, the proceeds of
wdiich were to be used in constructing a court-house,
&c. He immediately began the construction of a
dwelling-house, and, while building it, he journeyed
twelve miles daily to Mt. Pleasant and back, through
the woods, to supply his workmen with provisions.
304 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Daniel Stevenson used to say that he cut out the road
from Mt. Pleasant to Bethany, and that Jason Torrey
paid him twelve dollars for doing the job. Dyberry
tOMiiship was not then erected, and Bethany was in
Damascus township. Mr. Torrey laid out the 999
acres into town or building lots, or into out lots of
about five acres each. Tlie Drinker land donated as
aforesaid was called the "Town of Bethany." Mr.
Torrey had not wholly finished his house, which was
the second one built in the place, when the lirst court
ever held in the place was convened in his unlinished
house, on the 6th day of May, A. D. 1805, before the
Hon. John Biddis, president judge, and Hon. John
Brink, associate. The judges sat upon chairs placed
upon a carpenter's bench and could have been very
appropriately called tlie " Bench," while the jurors sat
on board seats below. At that court a grand jury ap-
peared and was sworn, who ignored three bills of in-
dictment, and found one true bill for assault and bat-
tery.
The first court-house was built upon the public
square, and Avas thirty-six feet in front, and thirty-two
feet deep. A large log-jail, disconnected from the
other house, was built, in which were confined not
only criminals but such persons as were unable to pay
their del>ts, the law then allowing the plaintiff named
in an execution, to sell all of a debtor's property, in-
cluding his last knife and fork, and then to send him
to jail, where the plaintiff, upon paying the sheriff
fourteen c^nts per day, could keep the debtor until he
BOROUGH OF BETHANY. 305
could be released by a tedious and expensive applieti-
tion for the benefit of the insolvent laws. The law,
allow^ing imprisonment for debt, was repealed July
12, 1842. After some years the log-jail was burned
down, and the back part of a building called the re<l
house, north of Judge Manning's, was fitted up and
used in its place, until the building of a new court-
house, in 1816, when a strong jail was built in tlie
lower story. The old court-house was removed to the
west side of Wayne street and is now used as a store
by W. W. Weston & Brother.
John Bunting, from Canaan, built the first house in
Bethany, wdiich was the front house now belonging to
John Henderson. It was built for a tavern, and at
December sessions, 1805, license w^as granted to Jolin
Bunting. That year the house was valued at $200. This was probably the first house begun in the place. The next was the dwelling-house of Major Torrey, in which the court was held as aforesaid. Major Torrey obtained license at May sessions, 1805, two terms be- fore Buntin^:, and liis house was licensed until 1813. When there w^ere houses enough to iiccommodate the public, he gave up keeping tavern. Jason Torrey next built a store on the south-west corner of the Otis place which he, in company with Solomon Moore, ran until Mr. Moore l)uilt upon the lot now owned hy Hon. E. O. Hamlin, and started a store for himself. About the time the red store, aforesaid, was built, the court-house and jail were put up, and Sally Gay built a small house below Dr. Scudder's. Simultane- 39 306 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. oiisly, John Bishop erected a house on the Bunnell place, opposite the dwelling-house of Miss Jane Dil- lon. Then David Bunnell built at or near the dwell- ing-house of Wm. Stephens, Esq., and David Wilder built the red tavern in which he kept a public house, until he built the brick tavern. Jason Torrey built the Spangenburg house in 1815. The only written evidence as to the person who cleared up the first land is found in an old assessment made of Dyberry township, in 1805, whereby Jason Torrey was assessed as having five acres of improved land, one horse, one cow, and four oxen; David Wil- der, as having one acre of improved land, and one cow; John Bishop, Wm. Williams, and John Bunt- ing each one cow but no cleared land. Jason Torrey at that time had made the only important improve- ment on the lands. Jason Torrey was bom in Williamstown, Mass., and, when scarcely twenty years of age, in the spring of 1793, came on foot into the township of Mt. Pleasant, where he found Elijah Dix, whom he knew in his na- tive place, and here he became acquainted with Sam'l Baird, of Pottstown, near Philadelphia. Mr. Baird was a noted surveyor and employed Mr. Torrey to as- sist him in making some surveys ; after he had trav- eled through different parts of New York and this State, he finally concluded to settle in Mt. Pleasant. Having selected his land, he began to make improve- ments upon it and built a log-house, and moved into it in February, 1798. He continued to improve his BOROUGH OF BETHANY. 307 land in Mt. Pleasant nntil he removed to Bethany, in 1802. He was endued witli a great capacity for busi- ness and was consulted about all the intricacies per- taining to county accounts. He removed to Hones- dale in 1826, and built the first house that was erected in the place, and, as it was finally used as a church, it was called the Old Tabernacle. Jason Torrey was generally called Major Torrey, the oftice of major having been conferred on him by an election in his earlier days. He had eleven children, namely: Will- iam, a Presbyterian clergyman, deceased; Ephraim, who was a very promising young man, but died at the age of twenty-four; l!^athaniel, who died young; John, living in Honesdale ; Asa, living in Bethany ; Ste- phen, Presbyterian clergyman, living; Charles, de- ceased ; James, who died young ; David, a Presbyte- rian clergyman, living ; Maria, who married Richard L. Seely, deceased; and Minerva, married Elijah Weston, deceased; both daughters are deceased. As to other matters relating to Jason Torrey, see under the chap- tera))out land-titles. Solomon Moore was from the State of New York. In connection with Jason Torrey he kept the first store, and was the first postmaster in Bethany. He built a house and store on the E. O. Hamlin corner. He was elected sheriff in 1820, and afterwards was appointed clerk of the several courts of the county, in which ofiice he died. He was a very competent man, and assorted and numbered the papers in the several courts and brought order out of chaos. Edward Wes- 308 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. tc^ii, Esq., of Pj-ovi(lence, inmTied a (laughter of Solo- mon Moore. David Wilder was a native of New Hampshire, and came into Bethany and settled in 1803, and married Sophia, a daughter of Paul Tyler, of Damascus. They had one daughter, Charity B., who married the Hon. James Manning, deceased. Mrs. Manning and Asa Torrey are the only surviving persons in Bethany who were born therein of parents that first settled there, Mr. Wilder commenced keeping a licensed house in 1811, and continued in the business the most of his life. He was tm honest innkeeper and a good farmer. William Williams was a Yankee, who built a hut below the church lot, but it was of such humble pre- tensions that the assessors failed to value it. He was in the Revolutionary war, and always carried his dis- charge with him upon the top of his head, where a ball had struck him and plowed a furrow through his scalp. He was pensioned. John Bishop is noticed under the head of Berlin, and John Bunting and Asa Stanton under that of Canaan, David Buimell came from Stroudsl)urg, and settled upon and cleared up the farm and l)nilt the house that is now owned by William Stephens, Esq., and was a justice of the peace for many years. He devoted the most of his time to farming, although he was a black- smith by trade. His wife was Parthenia Killam, of Palmyra, Pike Co. Their sons were Z. M. Pike, Henry, John P., and Charles; and daughters, Elea- nor, deceased, wife of Isaac P. Ohnstead ; Eunic^e, de- BOROUGH OF BETHANY. 309 ceased, married to Brooks Lavo ; Sarali, tlie wife of Iie\'. Mr. Bailey ; and one daiigliter, Jane, who mar- ried and removed West. Eliplialet Kellogg. When the connty business was iirst transacted at Bethany, Mr. Kellogg was appoint- ed clerk to the commissioners of the county. He was a brother of Silas Kellogg, who moved into Mount Pleasant in 1791, and Eliplialet must have located there soon after, as in 1801 he was assessed there as owning a house and nine acres of improved land, and as then being a clerk. He kept a tavern many years in Bethany, being first licensed at February sessions, 1813. He was appointed in 1809 register and recor- er, and clerk of the several courts of Wayne county, by Governor Snyder, and held said otHces during Snyder's three terms, making nine years. He died in Bethany at a very advanced age. He had five children, name- ly, Martin Kellogg, only son ; Mary, wife of Dr. Isaac Roosa; Sarali, wife of Benben B. Purdy; Abigail, wife of Dr. Halsey; and Eunice, wife of AVashington E. Cook. Thomas Spangenberg. Perhaps the history of this man could not l^e given in a more agreeable manner than as told to us, and taken down at his request, in the same 3^ear in which he died. "1 was born in Sus- sex county, in New Jersey. When I came into Wayne county, (or what is now Wayne county,) in 1794-, 1 crossed at Monroe ferry, two miles below Milford. At the latter place there were but two or three houses. The first house west of Milford was an old stone tav- 310 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. ern, built bj Andrew Bray; next, old Lot tavern; then seven miles to Shohola farms ; next'to Blooming Grove where Uriah Chapman, Esq., lived ; there I stopped a week to himt; then I came to the Narrows, where Ephraim Kimble, Sen., the fatlier of Asa Kimble, lived. There I found William Schoonover, the father of Daniel, Levi, Jacob, and Simon Schoonover. Levi Schoonover, born that year, was the first white child born on the Dyberry. I then came on to Wilsonville. Several men lived there who were at work on a factory at the mouth of Paupack eddy. The next place was Paupack eddy; there lived Beuben Jones, an enormous- ly large, tall man, and his brother Alpheus, and their sister. Widow Cook. Elisha Ames lived on the David Bishop farm. I next came to the Benjamin Haines place, since known as the Jonathan Brink place; then to the Walter Kimble farm, now owned by Buckley Beardslee; from there I came to Tracyville. There was a tub mill which had been built to grind corn in that had been deserted. Then I went over on the east side of L'ving's cliff, and came down to where Daniel Schoonover lives. This was in 1794 ; I moved up in 1798. The sheriff took for jurors whom he pleased and they received no pay. I lirst settled on the John Nelson place. That year the county was organized into eight militia companies, and an election held at Wilsonville to choose officers. John H. Schenck was elected lieutenant-colonel, Ephraim Killam was elect- ed major for the first battalion; Samuel Stanton for the second battalion; William Chapman, captain of BOROUGH OF BETHANY. 311 Palmyra; Ephraim Kimble, captain of Lackawaxen; Jesse Drake, captain of Damascus; Edward Doyle, captain of Buckingham; John Tiffany, captain of Mount Pleasant ; and Asa Stanton, captain of Canaan, etc. In 1799, I went to Elijah Dix's, in Mount Pleasant, to election. Two went from Cherry Ridge and three from Dyberry. There were but forty-five votes cast in the county. I killed in Bethany one elk, two wolves, four bears, and thirty-seven deer, and I killed all but the deer before 1800. My oldest daugh- ter, Betsey, was born on the Nelson place in 1799, and is the wife of John Raymond, Esq., of Scranton, Pa. In 1800 I moved upon and bought the land which is now the farm of widow Mary Stephens. My daugh- ter, Catharine, was born in 1803; my son, John S., in August, 1812 ; and Esther in December, 1820. I had other children, but the above named are all that are alive. My second daughter, Phebe, was burnt to death by the accidental and sudden destruction of my house in the night by fire. She was thirteen years old. I have neglected to say that I was married to Susan Headley, January 2d, 1798. I moved into Bethany in 1817, and kept a boarding-house for many years." It may be said truthfully that Esq. Spangenberg was a very temperate man and never used profane lan- guage. Being of German descent he could talk that language. He was commissioner and county treasurer, and was for fifty-three years a justice of the peace. He died April 8th, 1864, aged about eighty-nine years. He was a member of the M. E. church. 812 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. Joseph Miller was a son of Eliznr Miller, of Salem, and, wlien a young man, eame to Betliany and took the the job, in 1816, of building the court-house, which, it used to be said, cost the enormous sum of$15,000,
a sum, in those days, considered almost uncountable.
He built, in 1811:, the house which has )>een overhaul-
ed i\m\ rebuilt by Dr. Isaiah Scudder. He was twice
elected sheriff of the county, and died in Bethany re-
spected and regretted. He had one son, Joseph, who
married a daughter of Judd Raymond, and they have
gone to the mysterious realm; one daughter, Hannah,
deceased ; and another daughter, Armenia, who is the
widow of Enos Woodward, deceased, and is yet living.
Nathaniel B. Eldred, son of Elislia and Maiy
Eldred, was born in Dolsontown, Orange county, N.
Y., in 1795. He studied law in the office of Daniel
Dimmick and Edward Mott, in Milford, where he was
admitted to tlie practice of hiw in 1816, and in that
year ren:ioved to Bethany where he practiced in his
profession for nearly twenty years. During some of
said time he was in the mercantile business. He was
elected to the State Legislature for four terms, and
was county treasurer two years. In 1835 he was ap-
pointed, l)y Gov. Wolf, president jndge of the eight-
eenth judi(dal district, and served four yeai*s, and in
1839, by Gov. Porter, president jndge of the sixth
judicial district, in which position he served four years,
and tlien he was appointed president judge of the
twelfth district, (composed of the counties of Dauphin,
Lel)anon, Schuylkill, et(%; whereupon he removed to
BOROUGH OF BETHANY. 313
Harrisburg and resided, until, in 1849, the twenty-
second judicial district, composed of Wayne, Pike,
Monroe, and Carbon, was erected, of which district he
was appointed president judge by Gov. Johnston, and
then returned to Bethany where he resided the re-
mainder of his life. After the Constitution was
amended making the judiciary elective, he was unani-
mously elected president judge of the twenty-second
district aforesaid. In Polk's administration he served
four years as naval officer at the port of Philadelphia.
Judge Eldred was often appointed to act in other posi-
tions. He was a very straight-forward man. As a
judge he was always desirous to reach the justice of a
case and to put the law and facts in so clear and con-
spicuous a light as to leave little room for mistake or
misapprehension by a jury. He seldom or never took
a case away from a jury and decided it himself, conse-
quently he was highly esteemed for his impartiality.
He died at his residence in Bethany in January, 1867.
He had seven children, four of whom died young and
unmarried. Mary, the first wife of Hon. E. O. Ham-
lin, and Lucinda, the wdfe of Ara Bartlett, are dead.
Charles, who removed toWarsaw,Wisconsin, and Carrie,
the wife of Mr. Watson, of Warren county, are living.
Isaac Dimmick, always in his latter days called
Judge Dimmick, was from Orange county, E^. Y.,
and came into Bethany in 1805. He bought and
cleared up the farm now owned by Edwin Webb. He
was an associate judge of the county, and was often
employed in the county offices. He married a daugh-
40
314 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY,
ter of Hon. Abisha Woodward. He sold his farm to
Robert Webb, Sen., and removed West.
James Manning was born in Coventry, in Tolland
county, Connecticut, in the year 1792. He came to
Bethany in 1815, and began as a merchant, which
business he successfully pursued for twenty years. He
was a shrewd, enterprising business man. He married
Charity B., the only child of David Wilder, and she
is yet living in the mansion house, w^hich belonged to
her husband at the time of his death. Mrs. Manning
and Asa Torrey alone remain, and have continued to
live in the place where their parents were original set-
tlers. Mr. Manning w^as register and recorder, and
for many years an associate judge. He was an am-
bitious man, but his ambition benefited others. Born
in a land where the school-house and spelling-book are
considered indispensable, where every patriot deems it
tiful cast, he at once recognized the newspaper as the
most effectual agent in the diffusion of knowledge.
Alone and unaided he bought a printing press and
type and started the first newspaper in Wayne county,
entitled the Wayne County I£irro7\ Its first number
was dated in March, 1818. It was well conducted,
and was in those days considered a ivonderful wonder.
The Mirror gave way to the Republican Advocate^
furnished the printing-press and capital. Tlie concern
gave notice that they would take tallow and maple
sugar in payment. The first number was issued in
BOROUGH OF BETHANY. 315
November, 1822. Jacob S. Davis, having become
mipopiilar, the paper took the name of the Wayne
Manning furnishing the press. It was twenty by
twelve and one-half inches in size and gave the home
and foreign news. The second number, dated January
6th, 1830, gives an account of the borough as it then
was, as follows: "Bethany is the seat of justice for
Wayne county. It is situated on a commanding emi-
nence which declines on every side except the north,
and overlooks the adjacent country. It contains forty
dwelling-houses, a court-house, a county lire-proof
building, a Presbyterian church, an academy, two tav-
erns, four stores, a post-office, and several artisan and
mechanical establishments. It is thirty-six miles from
Milford, one hundred and ten miles from New York,
and one hundred and twenty-three miles from Phila-
delphia. The borough was incorporated March 31st,
1821." Such, in 1830, was what is now the beautiful
village of Bethany.
Abisha Woodward, son of Enos Woodward, of
Cherry Ridge, was elected sheriif of Wayne in 1807,
and was for a long time an associate judge. He lost
his left arm, l)ut for all that he bought and cleared up
the farm now owned by Henry Webb, which lies
westward one-half mile from the borough. He mar-
ried Lucretia, a daughter of Jacob Kimble, Sen., of
Palmyra, Penn. Among the children were, 1st, John
K. Woodward, who married Mary, a daughter of Silas
Kellogg, Esq.; their children were Warren J. Wood-
316 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
ward, late jnclge of the Supreme Court of Pennsyl-
vania; Jackson K. Woodward, attorney-at-law, late of
Honesdale, deceased; and Densey, who married Dr.
Johnson Olmstead, of Dundaff, Penn. 2d, Nathaniel
Woodward, w^ho once represented the county in the
Legislature and removed to the West. 3d, George W.
Woodward, who held various important offices, and
was once a member of Congress, and a judge of the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Hon. Isaac Dim-
mick married the oldest daughter, and George Little,
Esq., attorney-at-law, married the youngest. All the
Capt. Charles Hole* was, according to old records,
an early resident, as he or David Wilder was employed
as supervisor of the roads, then considered the most
important township office. He had a brick-yard where
all the brick that were used in the town w^ere made.
He built the house where George Hauser now lives.
He had two sons; John, deceased, and Washington.
The latter is now living in Lake township, and for a
second wife married a daugliter of Amasa Jones, de-
ceased. He had four daughters, namely, Louisa, first
wife of Dr. Otis Avery; Martha, wife of Rezzia
Woodw^ard; Joanna, wife of Ezekiel Birdsall; and
Mary, wife of John J. Schenck, deceased. Mrs.
Schenck is the sole survivor of the daughters.
Charles Hole and Jacob Hole were twins. Jacob
Hole settled in Dyberry. Lewis Hole was his son, and
*The orthography of this name has been changed and is
now spelled ' ' Hoel. "
BOROUGH OF BETHANY, W
he liad a daughter named Phebe. Caleb Ho^^
the William Hensey farm and was the fath( 'r.u
Elijah, and Cornelia Hole. Cornelia is not living.
Randall Wilmot married a daughter of James Carr,
of Canaan, and David Wihnot, of Wilmot Proviso
■iiQtori,(^,t\% v^^as their son. John A. Gustin, a noted
mechanic, also, married a daughter of James Carr.
Gustin for many years was a merchant in Bethany,
and removed to Honesdale and there was postmaster.
His widow and some of his daughters are yet living.
Randall built the house and store now occupied by
Hon. A. B. Gammell. John A. Gustin was the main
carpenter and workman in erecting it.
Amzi Fuller, from Litchlield county. Conn., studied
law in the office of Hon. Dan Dimmick, of Milford,
and came to Bethany about 1816, from which time he
practiced law, until the removal of the county seat to
Honesdale, when he disposed of his property and re-
moved to Wilkesbarre, Pa. He was not an easy, flu-
ent speaker, but his opinion upon difficult and knotty
questions in law was seldom controverted. He had
but one son, Hon. Henry M. Fuller, who was a mem-
ber of Congress, from Luzerne county, of acknowedg-
ed ability, but who died in the meridian of life.
Thomas Fuller studied law with his brother Amzi,
and was not admitted to the Bar until many years
afterward. He was argumentative and persuasive and
a much better speaker than his brother. He never
attempted to make the worse appear the better reason.
He was too conscientious to take any unfair advantage
3IS HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY,
of Kent's opponent. After the removal of the
court to Honesdale, he took up his abode there, and
ov^uii c.ioor died in the meridian of life. Hon. John
Torrey married one of his sisters. Mr. Fuller left
one son, William, who is now living in the house
which his father built. His only daughter, Mary,
married Dr. Kalph L. Briggs, who died in Wisconsin,
[November 4, 1863. At the time of his death he was
postmaster of Honesdale.
Levi C. Judson lived some time in Bethany, and
his son, who writes under the norti deplume of "Ned
Buntline," was born in the village.
By the assessment of 1825, Hon. E. W. Hamlin
was mentioned as a single man. A full notice is giv-
en of him in another part of this book.
Besides the persons aforementioned, it appears by
an assessment, made by Henry W. Stilley, 1825, that
there were then other prominent men living in the
borough, among whom were Daniel Baldwin, a hatter,
who married Buey Hamlin, sister of E. W. Hamlin,
and afterwards removed with his family to Minne-
sota; Levi Ketchum, who was a tanner and shoe-
maker, and, as a boot-maker, could not be excelled,
his children being Lawrence, deceased, William, of
Susquehanna, Pa., and Eliza, wife of Spencer Keen,
1819, from Connecticut. He was a shoe-maker and
tanner. His children were as follows: Raymond, de-
ceased; Isaac P., of New York city; Johnson C,
physician, in Dundaff, Pa. ; Hawley Olmstead, de-
BOROUGH OF BETHANY. 319
ceased; Harriet, of Dnndaff; and Arnej, who married
Wm. Y. R. Sloan, deceased.
Judd Raymond was a carpenter, and the father of
John Raymond, Esq., and Wm. Raymond. Philan-
der K. Williams, Esq., married one of his daughters,
and Joseph Miller, Jr., another. John Raymond is
then noticed as being a carpenter and owTiing a good
dwelling-house.
Moses Ward, who was a joiner by trade, was assess-
ed in the borough, in 1825. He was from Chatham,
N. J., and first settled or lived on the Dyberry. He
was the father of Rev. E. O. Ward, and lived to
be eighty-one years of age. The Rev. E. O. Ward,
pastor of the Presbyterian Church, came from Dun-
daif to Bethany, in 1851. In his ways he reminds us
of the village preacher described in Goldsmith's "De-
serted Village."
The house, which is now the M. E. parsonage, was
built by J. S. Davis, who was many years a commis-
sioners' clerk and deputy county treasurer, and who
proved to be a defaulter to the county for several
thousands of dollars, the most of which was lost.
The county seat was removed to Honesdale by act
of Assembly, passed 1811. After the removal of the
courts the court-house was used as an academy until
the ITniversity of Northern Pennsylvania was char-
tered, in 1848, when the old court-house w^as changed
and enlarged for the use of said University, and a
school opened therein in the fall of 1850. The next
year. Professor John F. Stoddard was elected princi-
320 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
pal of the institution. It was patronized by over two
hundred students, and gave a most salutary impetus
to the cause of education. Then for a time the insti-
tution was managed by the Methodist Episcopal
Church. Professor Stoddard linally purchased the
whole building and grounds, and while under him at
the time of its greatest prosperity, the building was
burned on the night of the 19th of April, 1857. Mr.
Stoddard generously gave the fire-proof building and
public square to the borough for the use of the com-
mon school. But the University was not the only
institution of learning with which Bethany has been
favored. In 1813, the Beech Woods Academy was
chartered, and the State aided it by an appropriation
of $1,000. A substantial brick building was erected, the best teachers that could be found were em- ployed, and here many young men were educated, among whom were Benjamin Dimock, Esq., Isaac P. Olmstead, Warren J. Woodward, late Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and David Wilmot. In 1853, the building, which is now the property of the Westons, was sold and the proceeds turned over to the University aforesaid. The Presbyterian church, which cost$5,000, was commenced in 1822, and was com-
pleted in 1835. There is a Methodist Episcopal, and
a Baptist church, one school, two stores, no licensed
tavern, a lodge of Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
and a Good Templars' lodge.
By request, we insert the following piece of poetry,
written by Alonzo Collins, fifty years ago. It will
BOROUGH OF BETHANY. 321
probably apply to different latitudes and meridians:
"Come, oh ! my muse, with heavenly fire,
Assist my pen, and tune my lyre,
That I may write with ease and grace
While I describe a little place,
A country town not far from here.
Where people of all grades appear ;
They are a wrangling, jangling crew.
And disagree like Turk and Jew.
Religion is contested here
In terms most rigid and severe ;
Each sect affirms its doctrines stout.
And twists the Scriptures wrong-side out;
The Baptists do afiirm and say
Immersion is the only way.
And if we will not dive like trout,
From heaven we'll be blotted out ;
Others declare it is no matter.
How small the quantity of water ;
That it's a type, designed to show
Who're the church militant below.
See gamblers, sharpers, speculators,
And hypocrites, and Sabbath-breakers,
And doctors, too, of wondrous skill,
Who sometimes cure and sometimes kill ;
The friendly clods their errors screen,
And hide their faults from being seen.
Bring in their hats from Yankeetown,
Of different shades, pink, white, and brown,
Tipped off with artificial flowers.
Which look like squash-blows after showers,
Or bean-vines running up a pole ;
They make me laugh, they look so droll.
The office-holders here increase,
41
»
322 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Disturbers of the public peace ;
Tliey hunt for oflSce as sincere,
As hounds do hunt the weary deer;
While honest people go without.
Dandies are here of every grade,
They swell around with stiiffed cravata,
And polislied boots and tippy hats ;
They lug a lady on each side,
As sficks upon a jackass ride.
But I would have it understood,
Many are virtuous, pure, and good ;
And but for them the rest would sink.
And go where sinners howl for drink. '
CHAPTEE XXYL
TO WNSHIPS— CLINTON.
THIS tOAVBsliip was erected ISTovember iTtli, 1834,
It is bounded north and north-east by Mt. Pleasant^
east by Dybeny and Prompton, south by Prompton
and Canaan, and west by Lackawanna and Susquehan-
na counties. More tlian one-quarter of the township
is taken up by the acclivities and declivities of the
Moosic mountain, and is sterile and unfit for tillage.
In tlie western part, as the line extends over the Lack-
TOWNSHIPS— CLINTON, 323
awanna river, there is anthracite coal, the only por-
tion of the county in which it has been found. The
west branch of the Lackawaxen and its tributaries af-
ford ample water-power for mills. As said before,
the Lackawanna river runs over into this township for
several miles and a short section of the Jefferson Rail-
road, at a place called Forest City, where the D. &
H. Company has a large saw-mill, crosses over into
the township. The chief ponds are the Elk, Forest,
and White Oak. The lands east of the mountain are
good, are mostly susceptible of a high state of cultiva-
tion, and produce good crops of grass, corn, rye, oats,
buckwheat, and potatoes equal to any part of the
county. There are some large orchards stocked with
rare varieties of fruit. The Nortons and David S.
West led the way in the selection and cultivation of
good fruit, and their success stimulated others to fol-
low their example. This may be called the Fomonia
of the county. The old north and south state road,
and the Easton and Belmont turnpike road, subse-
quently following nearly the same route, afforded an
ing class of farmers.
The following from Alva W. Norton is an accurate
account as to who were the first settlers in the town-
ship :
" My father was born in Goshen, Litchfield county.
Conn., May, 1759. In 1775, when in his sixteenth
year, he went as a substitute for his older brother,
Samuel, to defend New York. He enlisted under
324 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
' Old Put' for five years, in the Light-horse, and it was
tln'ee years before he saw home again. When he was
discharged, he received what w^ere called pay certiii-
cates for what was due him and, in the spring of
1783, went into the township of Winchester, now
called West Winsted, Conn., and pin-chased three hun-
dred acres of land, paying for it at the reduced rate
of sixpence on the pound. In 1784, he married Olive
Wheeler and removed to his new purchase, where he
continued to reside until 1812. His children were War-
ren W., Alva W., Sheldon, Clarissa, and Samuel. In
Sept., 1810, Levi Norton, David Graylord, Kufus
Grinnell, S. E. North, and some others came to Penn-
sylvania looking for a better country, where they
could worship God according to the dictates of their
own conscience. In pursuance of tliat purpose, they
examined the wild land in Wayne and Susquehanna
counties. After that examination, Levi Norton went
to Philadelphia and purchased nine tracts of land, sit-
uated in the north part of old Canaan, now Clinton
Center. In December, 1811, he fitted out his second
son, Alva, and started him for the wilderness, and
this son came into Waj^ne county, Christmas day. At
Mount Pleasant he found a young man who had been
sent out with some sheep, and tlie two came down the
old north and south road to the base of the mountain,
opposite what is now the Clinton Center Baptist meet-
ing-house, built a cabm ten by twelve, and split bass-
wood poles for a puncheon floor. Here they tarried
during the winter, but very little improvement could
TO WNSHIPS— CLINTON. 325
be made, as the snow was four feet deep. Some time
in March, Warren W. Norton, with his wife and one
child, and Benjamin Johnson, with his wife and five
children, came. The first week in June, 1812, Levi
Norton, his wife, and the balance of his family, Hor-
ace G. Squire, and Michael Grinnell came ; they were
followed in September by David Gaylord and wife,
and D. S. West and wife. At the same time Amasa
Gaylord and son, Myron, arrived and made arrange-
ments to move the family the next year and, in No-
vember, Ilufus Grinnell's wife and eight children
came, which closed the colony for 1812.
In May, 1813, Amasa Gaylord, wife, and family
arrived. About the same time Capt. Wm. Bayley
came and lived witli my father until he paid for one
hundred and seventeen acres of land. In the fall of
1813, John Griswold, Sen., and some of his family
came from Torrey lake, and put up a log-cabin on
land adjoining that of Rufus Grinnell, and, in Janu-
ary following, moved his family down on an ox-sled.
In 1814, S. E. North and wife, and Fisher Case and
family came."
Mr. Norton gives also the following account of a
great wolf hunt: " In the fall of 1837, a pair of black
wolves from the Rocky mountains" (or Canada,)
"made their appearance in Wayne and Susquehanna
counties. During the fall and early winter, in Her-
rick township, Susquehanna county, and Mount Pleas-
ant and (/linton townships, Wayne county, they de-
stroyed over five hundred sheep. In Mount Pleasant
326 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
and Clinton there were societies formed for the pur-
pose of raising money to exterminate them and pay
the bounty. The amount of premium raised was
ninety dolhirs. In addition to this sum, Ahmson Til-
den, of Herrick Center, Susquehanna county, and A.
W. N^orton, collected forty dollars, making a total of
one hundred and thirty dollars. My brother, Sheldon,
offered one dollar extra for the scalp of the he-wolf.
On the first of March, 1838, Merritt Hines, keeping
the toll-gate on the Belmont and Ohquagua turnpike,
near Sugar-loaf mountain, received information from
a traveler going north, that south of the Pete Stevens
place he saw two large black animals cross the road
towards the Moosic mountain. He supposed them to
be bears until he saw their brushes. Hines imme-
diately equipped himself for the chase and followed
on, sending a messenger to Col. Calvely Freeman at
Belmont, to follow him. Col. Freeman equipped him-
self, took the track, and followed Hines. These two
men pursued the wolves eleven days and were in at
the death. On the third day, having driven them
south nearly opposite the Dimock settlement in Frost
Hollow, about midday, Hines and Freeman called at
a farm-house for refreshments and to replenish their
knapsacks. The wolves, wanting their dinner, entered
a farmer's yard and killed fifteen sheep. That was
the only time that Hines and Freeman gave the wolves
any time to satisfy their hunger, for they followed
them so closely that when they lay down at night, the
hunters could see by the place wherein the animals
TOWNSHIPS— CLINTON. ' 327
had lain that they never left it to procure anything to
eat."
There are several persons named in Mr. Norton's
sketch who deserve further notice. David S. West
was spoken of under Canaan township. Alva W.
Norton, Esq., now aged about eighty-eight years,
taught school at Salem Corners, 1816, and afterwards
in Bethany, He was considered a competent teacher,
and was for more than forty years a practical surveyor.
He was county commissioner for three years, and it is
probable he was hi that office when those destructive
wolves were killed, which made us state, in another
place, that he was chiefly instrumental in their capture.
He lives with his son, L. F. Norton, and to a remark-
able degree retains his physical and mental capacities.
Ira B. Stone, Esq., once a county commissioner and
now a resident of the town, married a daughter of Mr.
Norton. Sheldon Norton was for three years prothon-
otary of the county. He was a very prominent man
in the Baptist church. In 1815 he was assessed as
owning forty-five acres of improved, and two hundred
and fifteen acres of unimproved land. His son, E. K.
Norton now owns the homestead which is considered
one of the best farms in the town.
Michael Grennell, Sen., who lived to be one hun-
dred and two years old, settled about one-half mile
west of the Baptist chm*ch, where Horace G. Squire
once lived, and which is now owned by A. B. Squire.
He was the father of Michael Grennell, Jr., who mar-
ried a sister of Mrs. Pope Biishnell. He was also the
328 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY.
father of Deacon liiifus Grennell. The sons of the
latter were Yirgil, once associate judge, Homer, Ov^d,
Jasper, Michael 3d, and Hufiis M., who was once pro-
thonotary,
Amasa Gaylord settled on the north and south road.
His sons were David, Carmi, and Giles, all of whom
sleep with their fathers. Giles Gaylord married
Joanna W., a daughter of Elder Elijah Peck, Sen.,
and she is still living.
John Griswold, Sen., was the father of Francis
Griswold, who for many years kept what was called
the Cold Water tavern ; so called because it w^as near
a stream of cold water that came rushing down from
the mountain. Sumner was another son, and was a
farmer. Horace was a son or grandson of John Gris-
wold, Sen,
Sylvester E. North, a farmer, is yet living. He
and his family were noted for making the best butter
and cheese to be found in the county.
Fisher Case w^as the father of Ralph, Jerome B.,
and Robert Case. There are none of them living.
There were many families that have not been
mentioned which from time to time added materially
to the wealth and importance of the towTi, among
whom were Daniel Arnold, a mason ; Chester, Lewis,
and Horace Buckland; David Bunting, Daniel Bunt-
ing, Jr., and John Bunting, who lived on the west
branch ; Bunting and Randall, who owTied a saw-mill
and tannery; John Belknap, who lived and kept tav-
ern on the Judson place ; Seth Hay den, and George
TOWNSHIPS— CLINTON. 329
Hopkins, on the west branch; Joseph Kingsbury, a
farmer; Luther Ledyard, a farmer, who lived adjoin-
ing Francis Griswold ; Pliny Muzzy, a farmer ; James
and George Mc Mullen, farmers, of Scotch descent,
famed as hunters; and Keuben, Cyrus, and Rufus Peck.
These latter were the descendants of Elder Elijah
Peck, of Mt. Pleasant, whose children were Elijah,
Jr., William, Reuben, Lewis, Myra, and Joanna W.
Elijah Peck, Jr., had nineteen children. The Sanders
family were numerous. There were Samuel, David,
Jonathan, Nathaniel C, David 2nd, Selma, and Shep-
pard, who were all farmers. The following persons were
all farmers : Ashbel Stearns, Levi, Levi, Jr., Jason, Ja-
son D., Alfred, and Elisha Stanton; John Sears; John
Sherwood, and William, his son; Charles L. Tenant,
Sen., Charles L., Jr., and John A. Tenant; Washington
Williams; [N'athan Wheeler, son of Benjamin Wheel-
er; Jabez Welch, who was also a lumberman; and
John .K. Davison, who lived first in Dyberry and then
removed to and died on the fai'm now occupied by his
son, Warren W. Davison. The farms in Clinton are
well cultivated for the reason that very little attention
was ever paid to lumbering. Almost the whole of the
original settlers were of Puritanic origin.
Aldenville was started by Pratt and Aid en, who
built a tannery at the place, and the village was nam-
ed in honor of Levi C. Alden, who took charge of
and ran the tannery. The village is well-situated for
business and has one store, a post-ofiice, a Baptist and
42
330 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
a M. E. churcli. The tannery is kept running under
the charge of Henry Alden.
Clinton has six common schools and one school in
the Independent District of " Mount Republic." There
is a Baptist church in the Norton settlement. The
number of taxables, in 1878, was two hundred and
ninety-seven.
CHAPTER XXYIL
BOROUGH OF PROMPTON.
THIS borough was at iirst incorporated in 1845,
but, in consequence of some irregularity^ or dis-
satisfaction, it was reorganized and enlarged, at Sep-
tember sessions, 1850. It was taken from Texas, Ca-
naan, and Dyberry. The most of the village is situa-
ted near the junction of the Yan Auken creek with the
west branch, four miles west of Honesdale. William
Jenkins made an assessment of the borough, in 1845;
upon examining the same, we iind only two persons
that we are sure resided there at that time. One is
George Alvord, Esq., and the other is George W.
Hall, then assessed as a bedstead-maker. At that
time Phineas and David Arnold were there; Levi
BOROUGH OF P ROMP TON. 331
Bronsoii, wlio manufactured shovel-handles; Alexan-
der Conyne, who was strangely killed l)y the spring-
ing up of a pole upon which he had felled a tree;
George Dimock, now living in Carbondale ; Foot and
Tingley, merchants; E. E. Guild, clergyman; Simon
Plum, removed ; Roswell Patterson, now of llerrick
Centre, Pa.; E. K. Norton, merchant, now of Clin-
ton; Sylvanus Osborn, now living at No. 19, Lake
township; Hiram Plum, deceased; Henry Dart, inn-
keeper, who removed to Honesdale and kept the
Wayne County Hotel, and from thence went to Rock
River, in Illinois; and Alonzo Tanner, deceased.
Then all the Jenkins family were living, excepting
Benjamin Jenkins, Sen. He Avas from Connecticut,
and began there with his family before Honesdale was
thought of. He bought, in 1813, a tract of land in
the warrantee name of James (^lapinan. There was
no road or settler near him, and there he lived and
died, surrounded by his family. His sons were Ben-
jamin Jenkins, Jr. ; Samuel Jenkins, lately deceased ;
Asa Jenkins, the father of Wm. Jenkins, assessor, as
aforesaid; Edward Jenkins, who was county treasurer
when said assessment was taken ; and John Jenkins.
Jacob S. Davis married one of his daughters, and
Ralph Case another. His cliildren clustered around
him, and there they peacefully dwelt,
* ' Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife ;
Theu' sober "wishes never learned to stray ;
Along the cool sequestered vale of life,
They kept the noiseless tenor of their way. "
No nobler, purer family ever lived. We cannot
332 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
l)e justly accused of flattery, for all of the family of
Benjamin Jenkins, Sen., are in their graves.
Joseph Headley in early life lived in Bethany. He
married Mary, the oldest daughter of Kobert Bortree,
Sen., of Sterling. More than sixty-live years ago, he
bouo'ht two hundred acres of land in the south-east
section of the Elk Forest tract. He was an industri-
ous farmer. His sons, who are living, are John W.,
Robert, and William. He had, also, one daughter,
named Eliza.
Kockwell Bunnell, the oldest son of David Bunnell,
Esq., lives within the bounds of the borough. Geo.
Alvord, Esq., son of Zenas Alvord, an old settler in
Dy berry, has been many years justice of the peace.
George W. Hall & Son continue the manufacture of
choice furniture. The Wayne County Normal School
is located here. The village contains one store and
two common schools. Number of taxables, in 1878,
one hundred and twenty.
CHAPTER XXYHL
TO WNSHIPS— BERLIN.
THIS township was set oif from Dyberry, Novem-
ber 28tli, 1826. It then included Oregon, and, by
the first assessment made after its erection, by Andrew
TOWNSHIPS— BERLIN. 333
Davison, it contained but fifteen houses, all valued
at $470. The house of John Smith was valued at$200, that of John Garrett, Sen., at $125, and that of Frederick Smith at$80, leaving twelve houses alto-
gether valued at $65. Oregon has since been taken off from this towTiship, and it is now bounded nortli by Oregon and Damascus, south-east by Pike county, south by Palmyra, and south-west and west by Texas. The chief streams are the branches of the Mast Hope, Beardslee's creek and Holbert's brook. The Long, Beech, Adams, and Open Woods ponds are in the to\^mship, and a part of Catchall pond. There are no very high hills, but some of the lands southward, east- ward, and westward of the Adams pond are sterile. At the erection of the township the principal taxa- bles were Lester Adams, Stephen D. Bunnell, John Cressman, Samuel Camtield, Martin Kellogg, Andrew Davison, Jeremiah Garrett, eTohn Garrett, Sen., John Garrett, Jr., Hugh McCrannels, Henry Pulis, Peter Pulis, Samuel Smith, John Smith, Peter Smith, Wm. Charles Smith, and Frederick Smith. Ephraim Tor- rey and Moses Ward were taxed as non-residents. Samuel Camfield, one of the above-named is still living in the town. Ephraim Torrey was one of the first l)eginners at Beech Pond, and died there about 1829. Near that time Wm. Olver and Jonathan Tamblyn commenced this side of i\\e pond. Wm. Spry was the next settler and is yet living on his original location; then William Tamblyn bought west of him, and Ed- ward Marshal bou2:ht where his son Edward now lives. 334 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. John Olver took up and bought land west of the Long pond where his widow and son now live. These set- tlers were from England. The opening of the Delaware and Hudson Canal gave a great impetus to the settlement of the country about Honesdale, and Berlin township was particular- ly benefited thereby. The Honesdale and Big Eddy turnpike was built, and subsequently a plank-road near the same, over which all the travel between Honesdale and New York via Narrowsburg passed until the building of the Honesdale branch of the Erie railroad. Before the building of this railroad so great we;*e the transportation and travel between Honesdale and the New York & Erie railroad, tliat a plank road was made from near the former residence of Buckley Beardslee, deceased, to Mast Hope, now called Pine Grove. But it failed to meet the expectations of its projectors, and is now a useful township road. Siim- uel Smith is reputed as having been the first settler in the township, on Smith Hill. Here is some of the best land for corn and grain in the county. It is call- ed red shale soil; it covers a large area in the north- western part of the town and extends northw^ard into Oregon township. The numerous descendants of Samuel and John Smith have mostly departed from Smith Hill, and their farms are owned and occupied by new-comers. Berlin Center, which owes its name to the intersec- tion of two township roads, is in the Smith Hill vicin- ity. Here, living with his son, John Seaman, is C. TO WNSI'Il\S--BEBLjy. 335 B. Seaman, Esq., in his ninety-second year. His wife is aged about eighty-eight years. She was the daugh- ter of Jacob Kimble, of Paupack, Pike county ; and in the same house with them lives the widow of John Smith, deceased, a sister of Charles B. Seaman, aged about ninety years. The ages of the three average about ninety years. Where can the like be found in any house in the county ? Having within six months past visited this family, we w^ere delighted to see the kindness and respect with which these good people are treated by their children and grandchildren. It may be said unto them, " Yerily, ye shall in nowise lose your reward." Isaac Seaman removed from Haverstraw, N. Y., and settled in Damascus, where Chas, B. Seaman was born. From thence he removed to Dy berry and bought the farm now owned by Daniel M. Eno. Isaac Seaman sold the farm to Peter Smith who sold it to Deming & Eno. Charles B. Seaman removed to Pike county where he held the offices of sheriff and prothonotary and after returning to tliis county was elected county commissioner. Henry Bishop lives in this township. His father, an old Revolutionary soldier, came from New Jersey, first settled at the Narrows in Pike coimty, from thence removed to Bethany and was accounted the first set- tler therein. He was a carpenter and built the first frame house for William Schoonover that was built in Dyberry. He carried the mail on foot for several years between Bethany and Stroudsburg. His sons 336 JE COUNTY. were Jo] ' airy, David, Jacob, and Harvey. Henry Bishop, the sul)ject of this paragraph, is aged eighty-two years, and was a half-brother on his mother's side to Joseph Atkinson, deceased. He says that he has eaten bread that was made from flom* that his father brought np on his back from Minisink. Henry has one sister, widow Rachel Schoonover, now liviag at Forest Mills with her son. Beech Pond. This village is situated below the pond of the same name. Thomas Burke began a tan- nery there, did but little, and sold out the same to Henry W. Stone and Horace Drake, who carried on tanning successfully for several years, and established as appurtenant thereto a large store. Mr. Stone sold out to Messrs. Drake ik Sons, who continued in the bus- iness as long as the same could be made remunerative. Being situated in the midst of a good agricultural re- gion, the village is well kept up by the business arising therefrom. When Beech Pond began to flourish, Ste- phen W. Genung built a saw-mill upon the outlet of Adams pond, and for a time carried on lumbering; hence the place w^as called Genungtown, and it is about two miles south of Beech Pond. Wm. Hol- bert, now of Equinunk, came into the possession of the place, and pursued the lumbering business upon a large scale, built good and substantial buildings, clear- ed up and improved the lands, and made a good farm. He then sold out the same to J. Williams. The lum- ber from this mill was drawn down through the Catch- all settlement to the Delaware. TO WNSHIPS— BERLIN. 337 Soon after the making of the turnpike road from Indian Orchard to Narrowsbm-g, Wm. Kockwell, from Connecticut, took up a large tract of land about one mile and a half westward of Beech Pond, cleared up a large farm of red-shale soil, built a convenient tavern house, and kept a licensed inn for many years. He had three children, two of whom, with himself, are in the grave. The farm is now owned by P. Staff. About one mile east of Beech Pond there is a road that starts off from near Lucius Keyes' house and runs south throuo-h the Henshaw and Mclntire settlement to intersect the Catchall road. There is much excel- lent land in this settlement. On the Catchall road is sufficient population to maintain a common school. Jacob W. Travis located and bought land about one mile east of Beech Pond, on the old turnpike road, about fifty years ago, and kept tavern for some years. He left two children who are yet living. In this township, six miles from Honesdale, is a poor-house, built on a large farm, which the overseers of the poor of Honesdale and Texas purchtised of Henry Bishop. The paupers are employed upon the farm for the purpose of utilizing their labor, and en- abling them to contribute in part to their own sup- port. The system has been in operation for many years, and long enough to test its utility. It is under the care of Joseph Dewitt, Esq., of Honesdale. A majority of the people in Berlin are of English descent, and there are also many Germans. The American element was from different States, though 43 338 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY. but few of them are of New England origin. In 1878 there were two liundred and fifty dwelling-houses in the town, valued at about §39,000. There is one Baptist church near Berlin Center, one Methodist Episcopal, and also one Free Methodist church near Beech Fond. There are nine district schools, and the number of taxables is three hundred and sixty-three. CHAFTEK XXIX. TO WN SHIPS— OREO ON. THIS township w^as erected at December sessions, 1846. It was taken from Berlin, which had been organized twenty years before. It is one of the smallest of the townships, ranking in size with Fal- myra, Texas, and Cherr}^ Kidge. It is bounded north by Lebanon, east by Damascus, south by Berlin, and west by Dyberry. The streams are Carley brook, which rises in the township, runs south-westward through it, and joins the Lackawaxen at Tracyville ; Big brook, a part of which nins through its western section ; and Holbert brook, in the south-eastern cor- ner. The ponds are the Day pond. Spruce, Huck, Mud, Lovelass, Smith, Lower Wilcox, and Upper Wilcox, or Yarnell pond, upon the northern side of TOWNSHIPS— OREGON. 339 wliich lives Capt. John Kellow, a distinguished sol- dier of the late war. Oregon, in Spanish, means marjoram. Can a sprig of that aromatic herb be found in the township ? Lester Adams and William Adams appear to have been early settlers. Exactly when they began, and from whence they came, we cannot find out. There are many of the Adams family whose pedigree is untrace- able. We find one named in a very old history, that first settled on the river Euphrates, and, being alone, he was called in the singular number "Adam." He had several children. There were Abel Adams, Cain Adams, Seth Adams, and some others not named. As the children increased, they were called the " Adams family." They spread over the whole world, and it is not strange that some of them found their way into Oregon, Manchester, and other parts of the county. We never heard of an}^ who preserved the original family name that were not respectable. Among these were John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and Charles Francis Adams ; but we have not time to trace their genealogy back to the old gentleman. Henry Pulis, a son of Conrad Pulis, began, in 1827, on the road leading from Dyberry to Rileyville, though the road was not then made. There was a road, when Bethany was fu-st started, laid out from the Dyberry through to the Cochecton and Great Bend tm-npike, and called the " Gate road." Hugh McCrunnels, a noble Irishman, settled on that road, about sixty years ago, distant al)out half a mile from 340 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. the Dyberry post-offi(ie. A part of that old farm is now owned by Thomas Dunn, and near by is the farm that Lewis Hole cleared up, now owned by H. W. Adams. Most of the roads and improvements in the town have been made within thirty years past. There was a road laid out in this townsliip from Honesdale, after it began to prosper, through Smith Hill settlement, by the way of James Smitli's, to Eldred, and thence to the mouth of Calkin's creek. The most of the people on that road are English, and they have some very good farms. Near the Berlin line, on the same road, is a Methodist Episcopal church, and near William Boucher's is another. The road which runs from Girdland, diagonally through the township, was laid out in 1850, about which time Hard, Palmer & Gilbert built the tannery, now owned by Wefferling, Brunig & Co., upon Carley brook. After that, Wm. Penwarden, who was born in England, built a saw-mill upon said brook, one mile above the tannery, and, by strict attention to business, has become wealthy. He married a daughter of Thomas Depuy, of Madison, Pa. John E-eifler, coun- ty commissioner, owns a superior saw-mill, situated below Penwarden's; he is a German, and about one- quarter of the land-holders in the town are of the same nationality. Girdland is situated mostly on the old Gate road aforesaid, part of it being in this township and part in Lebanon. Soon after the settlement of Bethany, Jason Torrey bought a tract of land in the warrantee TO WN SHIPS— OR EG ON. 341 name of Abuer Skinner and caused the large trees to be girdled in order to kill tliem, as he designed to have a brother of his clear up a farm there, which, however, he did not do. Charles Torrej began and made a small clearing. Then Jonathan Brvant, a son of Thomas Bryant, bought the place, and, after many years, it fell into the hands of George Croy, who now lives upon the place. The settlement was called Girdland. The second settler was James Nelson, who took up a lot of excellent land; but, being remote from society, schools, and churches, he became dis- couraged, sold out his improvement, and went to Nebraska. After that, several Germans were attract- ed to the vicinity by the smoothness and fertility of the soil, and they have secured themselves with comfortable homes. There are many English families but the German element predominates. Jonathan Bryant, who did not lack the gift of continuance in well-doing, has acquired a competence which he most surely deserves. There is a post-office at Girdland, kept by J. Budd, Esq., who has a higher position, in that he is a good blacksmith. This township and Lel)anon jointly support a school, so that there are four and a half common schools in the township. The number of taxables is one hun- dred and eighty-two. 342 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. CHAPTER XXX. TO WNSHIPS— TEXAS. AT November sessions, 1837, this township was taken off from Dyberry, and, in 1843, Cherry Kidge was set off from Texas, leaving it in shape like an awkwardly-made square-toed boot. It is now bounded north by Dyberry and Prompton, east by Berlin, south by Palmyra and Cherry Ridge, and w^est by Cherry Ridge, Canaan, and Prompton. The Lack- awaxen runs south-eastward nearly through the cen- tre of the township, and the stream is joined at Hones- dale by the Dyberry, which comes in from the north. The most easily cultivatable lands are the alluvions along the Lackawaxen and the Dyberry. WnrrE Mills. A saw-mill was built at this place by Daniel Parry & Co., which mill afterwards fell into the hands of A. H. Farnham & Co. Some of its owners having whitewashed the buildings, it was called "White Mills. At these mills an enormous amount of white pine was sawn, and from thence run to market. Christian Dorflinger, from Rochsteig, Alsace, in France, came to the United States in 1816. He learned his trade as a manufacturer of ornamental and enameled glass-ware, at St. Louis, in Loraine, France ; and after his arrival in this country, was first connect- TOWNSHIPS— TEXAS. 343 ed with the flint-glass works at Greenpoint, Long Is- land, N. Y. In or about 1865, he selected a point on the eastern side of the Lackawaxen, near White Mills, upon which to build a glass factory. The works have been in operation eight or ten years, and, notwithstand- ing the monetary difficulties which have crippled or suspended many manufacturing establishments, Mr. Dorflinger has successfully continued his business. Between his works and the depot on the Honesdale branch of the Erie railroad is a substantial county bridge across the Lackawaxen and canal. There are from one hundred to one hundred and twenty men, women, and children employed in and about said fac- tory. The glass produced there combines every de- gree of excellence and ornamentation. Specimens of the perfection of the work were exhibited at the Cen- tennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876, and were not excelled b}^ the best work made at Pittsburg or elsewhere. There is one public house and a large store kept by E. A. Dorflinger. Here is the St. Joseph's Catholic church whicli is visited monthly from Hawley. Above the depot on the western side of the river is the residence of the Hon. Frederick W. Farnham, this being the place where Enos "Woodward once lived. The latter was a popular county commis- sioner in 1838. His wife, who survives him, was a daughter of Joseph Miller, Esq., and is living at White Haven on the Lehigh. The next place on the river is where Walter Kim- ])le located after the Indian Avars on the Paupack. 344 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY. He was the fatliei* of Charles and Stephen, and was one of tlie most enterprising lumbermen on the Lack- awaxen. He sold out all his possessions to Buckley Beardslee and removed to the West. Mr. Beardslee held several offices, one being that of county commis- sioner. He married a daughter of Walter Kimble and she is yet living, but he has been dead several years. Their sons are all living, namely, Walter, a farmer; Howkin B., attorney; and Cliarles, a farmer. Hon. H. B. Beardslee, in 1845, w^as elected register and recorder of the county ; afterwards he edited the Wayne Comity Herald^ and was elected Representa- tive, and then to the State Senate. Finally, he dis- posed of his interest in the Herald^ and removed to Wilkesbarre and became the editor of the Luzerne ZTnion, a Democratic paper. He married a daughter of Wm. Clark, of Abington, Fa. According to his testimony there was a place on his father's farm where the Indians had paved a dancing-ground by laying down large, flat stones, where they gathered together like the ancient worshipers of Odin, in the Orkney islands, around the mossy stones of power. There the simple Indians performed their fantastic dances, and invoked the aid of the Great Spirit to as- sist them in their contemplated enterprises. Mrs. Fan- ny Atkinson, of Hawley, says that upon the flats at In- dian Orchard were formerly found flint arrows, an pestles and liatchets, made of stone. She thinks tha a man, by the name of Holbert, lived at the Beardt lee place before Walter Kimble l)egan on it. SIk TOWNSHIPS— TEXAS. 345 also says that David Ford, one of the original settlers on the upper Paupack, first lived at Indian Orchard, and that her father, Benjamin Kimble, bonght Ford's possessions, and that Thomas Schoon- over, also, once lived on a part of the flats. Simeon Kimble is a son of Benjamin Kimble. Wm. Holbert, Jr., bought the Schoonover farm. The Holbert family. The first of the Holberts that came into Pennsylvania was William Holbert, Sen., from Connecticut. In 1776 he first settled in New Jersey, opposite Milford, Pa. He bought Mast Hope and Holbert Bend. At the latter place the Indians prevented his making a settlement, and he temporarily returned to New Jersey. His sons were Benjamin and Joseph. Benjamin settled at the Bend, where Frederick R. Holbert now lives. His sons were, 1st, William Holbert, Jr., who settled at Indian Orchard as aforesaid. 2d, Joseph G. Holbert, who was father of William Holbert, of Equinunk, county commission- er, and of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas J., and John Holbert. The latter owns a farm and mill on the Shehawken. Another of the sons, George Holbert, lives at the mouth of the "Lackawack," as it was al- ways called in former times. Joseph Holbert, Sen., located at Mast Hope. William Holbert, of Indian Orchard, married a daughter of Stephen Kimble. Leonardsville was named after John Leonard, who oegan there soon after the canal was finished. The place was selected for a boat-yard and many of the 44 346 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. best mechanics and boat-biiilders gathered there. The business of the place lias declined. Jabez Rockwell. In the Methodist cemetery at Honesdale is the grave of Jabez Rockwell. He was born in Connecticut in November, 1762. When in his sixteenth year he enlisted in a company raised in that place, was nnistered into a regiment commanded by Benedict Arnold, was wounded at the battle of Saratoga, was afterwards transferred to the army fur- ther south, and was in the battles which culminated in the surrender of Cornwallis, at whicli event he was present. At the close of the war he settled in Mil- ford, Pike county, whic^h was then a wilderness. He was twice married. One of his sons by his first wife was Lewis Rockwell, formerly sheriif of Pike county, and who is now living a few miles from Tafton, in that county, being over ninety years of age. In Sep- tember, 1798, Jal)ez Rockwell was appointed crier of the courts of Wayne county, and in 1805 he was deputy sheriff under Abram Mulford, wliose daughter he married for his second wife. In 1 824 he was one of three Revolutionary soldiers that went from Pike county to New York to see General La Fayette, by whom they were warmly welcomed. Mr. Rockwell removed to Leonardsville in 1837, and there resided until the time of his death, in January, 1847. Being a Mason he w^as buried with the honors of that order, and with the honors of war, and the obsequies were solemn and imposing. He was a lifer, and one of his favorite airs, "The Masonic Adieu," was fifed in the TO WNSHIPS— TEXAS. 347 funeral procession from Leonardsville to Honesdale, by the author of this work. He had been for many years preceding his death in receipt of a pension from the government. Charles F. Kockwell, Esq., ex-treas- urer of the county; Mrs. E. H. Mott, of Honesdale; and Mrs. Isaac Decker, of Leonardsville, are grand- children, and John B. Rockwell, of Prompton, is a great-grandchild of Jabez ilockwell, aforesaid. William Rockwell, a Connecticut man, who first settled in Berlin, on the Honesdale and Big Eddy turnpike road, and who died some years ago in Leonardsville, was of a different family. Tracyville is situated on the east side of the Lacka- waxen near the confluence of Carley brook tlierewith. Esquire Thomas Spangenberg tells us that when he first came into the county, in 1794, he found a tub- mill for grinding corn, at this place ; that it would not pay for tending, and every man went and ground for himself. Stephen Kimble built the first saw-mill that we ever knew at the place. In his later days Mr. Kimble moved to the west side of the river. The place was called Tracyville after Thomas H. R. Tracy who built a mill up the stream and encouraged some mechanics to found some shops in the village. About 1842, Jacob Faatz started a factory for the making of window-glass, but for w^ant of capital he was obliged to abandon the l)usiness. James Brookfield succeeded him, but the dam of a reservoir belonging to the Del- aware & Hudson Canal Company, far up the stream, having broken away, during a great storm, carried the 348 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. works of Mr. Brooklield into the river. In 1873, the Honesclale Ghiss Company started a factory for the making of hollow glass-ware, and their yearly manu- facture now amounts to about$100,000, and employs
nearly one hundred men, women, and boys. An ax
factory was started in the place by E. Y. White, in
1842, and by him continued until his death in 1866,
since which time his son, Gilbert Wliite, has continued
the business, and he now makes fifty dozen axes per
week. B. P\ Frailey, also, has been for some years
engaged there in manufacturing hay -rakes. The steam
grist-mill of John P. Kimble is between Tracyville
and Honesdale. Benj. F. Kimble built the old mill
near by.
Seelyville. It is claimed that the lirst white man
known to have set foot on the soil about Seelyville
was the Kev. Jonathan Seely, a Methodist clergyman,
who was led, in 1760, through the almost impenetra-
ble forests to the place by a friendly Indian, and hj
him was shown the falls at Seelyville, also those on
the Middle creek, Dyberry, and Jennings brook. The
warrant, by which this tract was held, was dated 6th of
August, 1769, was surveyed the 23d of October, 1790,
and patented to Sylvanus Seely, November 7t]i, 1820.
Col. Sylvanus Seely first commenced improving the
mill-site in 1802 by building a small saw-mill at the
falls, and in putting up a small house, to which lu^
moved his family in 1805, cutting his road all the wav
through the woods from Cherry Ridge settlement
At that time the getting of hemlock would not pay.
TO WNSJIIFS— TEX A S. 349
nor would it a long time afterwards, so that lumbering
was confined to getting a few scattered pines, with
curled maple and cherry, which was rafted in small
rafts of seven or eight thousand feet each, and was
rafted on the ground where Birdsalls' factory now
stands. In the year 1808, Col. Sylvanus Seeiy built
a small grist-mill immediately down stream from the
saw-mill, and used one pair of mill-stones obtained on
the top of Moosic mountain, which stones were used
about twenty-five years. During the life-time of Col.
S. Seely, who died in the year 1819, he lived by lum-
bering and by his grist-mill, paying little attention to
farming. In his latter days he became involved by
endorsing for others, so that after his decease his
whole real estate, including " Seely's mills," was sold.
In 1824, Richard S. Seely came to this county on
a visit, and, in 1825, returned wdth his father, John
W. Seely, from Trumbull Co., Ohio, who then pur-
chased the property, consisting of three hundred and
thirty-six acres, for $900. On the 16tli of March, 1826, R. S. Seely arrived at Seelyville, on horseback, by the way of Cherry Ridge, with leather saddle-bags containing all his goods and money. A more forlorn, desolate, and uninviting place could not have been conceived. The only road was from Cherry Ridge to Bethany, and the only one to where Honesdale is was the bed of the creek. The woods hung all around the place. Having no knowledge of sawing or grinding, he took off his coat, put on a tow-frock, and went merrily to work, having for his aid and general ad- 350 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. viser Jonathan D. Simpson. A new saw-mill was ])uilt and the house and grist-mill repaired. Col. See- ly, by running from one mill to the other, kept them in operation, thus performing the work of two men under disadvantages that would have crushed the con- stitution of almost any man of the present day. In 1827, the canal and railroad were located, infusing new life into business. In February, 1830, Baldwin (k Co. began the making of axes and edge-tools; their shop was afterwards torn down, rebuilt, and enlarged. In the same year a small foundry was started by Cas- per Hollenback, and John H. Bowers commenced building a small turning-shop. This was subseqently occupied by Gilbert and Robert Knapp, then enlarged and used by John H. G-ill as a machine-shop, and subsequently, by James Birdsall, as a woolen factory, until it was burned down, in 1849. In 1831, a facto- ry for manufacturing scoop-shovels was built and car- ried on business in the name of R. S. Seely & Co. It resulted in loss to the parties, three in number, of$1,000 each. This shop, after standing idle a year or
two, was occupied by Burbank & Burk as an edge-
tool shop, into which R. S. Seely was drawn and, up-
on its failure, he was obliged to foot bills amounting
to $2,000, which left him not worth a cent. Still re- taining a strong arm and a strong resolution, he per- severed and finally retrieved his fortune. In 1832, Col. Seely was made superintendent for building the turnpike from Honesdale to Waymart. Seelyville never witnessed a siffht so grand as the tirst four-horse TOWNSHIPS— TEXAS. 351 stage wliicli was driven tlirough the village. In 1834, D. 0. & B. Payne commenced the manufacture of lead pipe, in the loft over the scoop-shovel shop, and closed in 1837. Ephraim Y. White afterwards made axes and edge-tools in the place. In 1850, Col. Seely built the woolen factory, now conducted by the Bird- sail Brothers. Their father rented it until his de- cease, in 1857. He used three thousand pounds of wool per year. They, from time to time, have en- larged and improved the premises. Last year they used one hundred thousand poimds of wool, one-half of which was raised in the county. They contem- plate using one hundred and fifty thousand pounds the present year, (1880) as the business is remunerative. Birdsall Brothers manufacture cassimeres, flannel of various descriptions, and stocking-yarn. They will em- ploy fifty liands this year* Christian Erk manufac- tures umbrella and parasol sticks and makes some doors, &c. He emplo3^s about twenty-five hands. Seelyville has one licensed tavern, a store, and a grad- ed school of a superior order. The village is one mile and a half west of Honesdale. In the spring of 1849, a large dwelling-house, built in the village by Col. Seely, and then occupied by Ezekiel Gr. Wood, was consumed Iw fire, of which lightning was supposed to be the cause. Col. Seely removed to Honesdale in 1848, and erected that fine mansion, now the residence of Hon. Coe F. Young, where he died, Nov. 8, 1863. Upon the organization of the Honesdale Bank, in 1836, lie was elected the 352 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. President thereof, which post he occupied while he lived. He was, in all respects, a good and useful man. He left three sons. Col. Franklin A. Seely, of the United States Army; Henry M. Seely, Esq., attor- ney-at-law, in Honesdale; and George D. Seely, of Washington, D. C Tlie lands now occupied by Daniel M. Eno, and the lands adjacent, of one hundred and twenty acres, were, in 1805, assessed to Isaac Seaman, the father of Chas. W. Seaman. Isaac Seaman sold out to Peter Smith, wlio sold the same to Doming & Eno. All the lands which the late Daniel Schoonover owned were taken up and patented to his fatlier, Wm. Schoonover. The tract included all the upper part of Honesdale. Wm. Schoonover was one of the earliest settlers on tlie Dy berry. He was w^iere Daniel Schoonover lived as early as 1T94. He w^as the father of Daniel, Levi, (who was the iirst w^liite child bom on the Dy berry) Jacob, and Simon S<*Iioonover. Peter Cole, and his son, Josiah Cole, came into Dy berry township (now Texas) in the spring of 1813, and settled in the woods, on Cole's hill, one mile north- west of Honesdale, which was then, like the place at which they began, a dense wilderness. Josiah was then sixteen yea2*s of age. They built a log-cabin without wdndows, and hung up a bed-quilt for a door. Then Mr. Cole and his son went back to JS^ew Jersey, to assist in harvesting, and left Mrs. Cole alone in thai cabin, around which the wolves prowled and howled She had no company or defense except a faithful dog TO WNSHIFS— TEXAS. 353 Peter Cole bought his land of Charles Kimble, who married a daughter of his. Benjamin Kimble, Sen., married Betsey, a sister of Peter Cole. She was tlie mother of widow Fanny Atkinson, of Paupack Eddy. Josiah Cole succeeded to the estate of his father. He had two sons ; one of them, Lewis R. Cole, was wound- ed at Fort Fisher, and died in a hospital, in 1865. His other son, P. J. Cole, rents and conducts the Honesdale Mill. He had tw^o daughters; one was the wife of Reynolds Case, and is not living ; and the other, named Eleanor, now living, is the wife of Charles H. Peck, of Preston. Robert Beardslee began adjoining Peter (^ole, about 1812. He married a sister of Charles Kimble. Buck- ley was his brother. Lewis and David were Robert Beardslee's sons. The Beardslee family were from Litchfield Co., Conn. Texas township is divided into three election dis- tricts, and has fourteen common schools, besides the graded school, at Seely ville. The number of taxables, in 1878, was 1,083. 45 354 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. CHAPTEK XXXI. BOROUGH OF HONESDALE. FIFTY-FIVE years ago the borough of Ilonesdale, now so l>eautifiil and prosperous, was covered with liemloeks and laurels. Tlie wolf and the fox roamed there unmolested and unlimited. ''The thistle shook there its lonely head and the wild moss whistled to the wind." A small opening at the lower end of the boat-yard was made at an early day by one Andrew Showers, and the improvement was transferred from one to another until it Avas pur(diased by Samuel Kim- ble, now deceased. The density of the forest, and other considerations, prevented the lands from being tilled for agricultural purposes. The town owes its consequence to other causes. In 1769, Obadiah Gore, a blacksmith of Wilkesl)arre, discovered that stone- coal, as it was then called, was a good substitute for (*.harcoal in the working of iron, jind, in 1808, the greater discovery was made that it produced an excel- lent fire when burned in a grate. After long and varied experiments its value was generally conceded. Inexliaustible mines of this coal had been discover- ed in the valleys of the Lackawanna and Wyoming; l>ut it was valueless unless it could be conveyed to market where it would 1>e purchased and used. Many BOROUGH OF HONESDALE. 355 iittenipts were made to take coal to Philadelphia by drawing it across the mountain to the Lackawaxen and running it on rafts of lumber to the city, but the scheme was found to be impracticable and profitless. Maurice and William Wurtz, Quakers of Philadel- phia, men with far-seeing and prophetic vision, devised the plan of constructing a canal from the Lackawaxen, the site of Honesdale, to the Hudson river at Kings- ton, a distance of one hundred and eight miles; and of making a railroad with inclined planes from the Lackawanna to the Lackawaxen, a distance of sixteen miles, which railroad would ascend the Moosic moun- tain at an elevation of two thousand feet above tide- water. With a determination and perseverance equaled only by that of Field in the laying down of the Atlan- tic cables, Maurice and William Wurtz carried out their plans, being aided by many enterprising capital- ists. The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company was or- ganized and the proposed canal and railroad made and put in operation in the year 1829. By way of experi- ment one or two boats were run up the canal in the autumn of 1828. Many difficulties, almost insur- mountable, were encountered in building the canal. At a point l)etween Paupack Eddy and tlie Narrows was a sharp bend in the Lackawaxen called " the pul- pit," where it was found indispensable to use the river for the canal, consequently a new channel was dug around "the pulpit" for the river to run in. A great flood in the spring of 1829 l)roke away the embank- 356 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. ments between "the pulpit" and the new channel, and part of the river resumed its old course. The repairs were very costly and were not completed until mid- summer, and heavy damages were paid to lumbermen. This misfortune happening in the very commencement of the enterprise was very disheartening, and this was the most critical period in the existence of the Com- pany. James Archibald, then its general superinten- dent, counseled perseverance, and his salutary advice was heeded. When the canal was repaired there was but little coal to be found at Honesdale; none had been brought over by the railroad. Men had been employed the previous winter to haul coal from Car- bondale to Honesdale, but there was but little snow that season, and consequently but little coal was drawn, so that the Company delivered only seven hundred tons at Kondout in 1829. Since that time its advance has been steadily progressive with constant rapidity of advancing step until, wonderful to tell, in 1879, by said Delaware & Hudson Canal Company, there were mined and sold of coal shipped from Honesdale via canal and railroad one million, nine hundred and thirty- three thousand, eight hundred and seventy-four tons. The upper part of Honesdale was owned by Jason Torrey, and the lower part was bought by the Dela- ware and Hudson Canal Company of Samuel Kimble for a slight consideration. One of its chief patrons was Philip Hone, a wealthy merchant of the city of New York, and, out of respect to liim, the place at the head of canal navigation was named Honesdale. It BOROUGH OF HONESDALE. 357 was first laid out in 1826, and was incorporated as a borough January 26th, 1831. In the winter of 1841, through the active exertions of Ebenezer Kingsbury, Jr., of Honesdale, then State Senator, an act for the removal of the county seat from Bethany to Honesdale, was passed. A court- house was commenced in 1841, the pul)lic papers were removed from Bethany, and the first court held in Honesdale at August sessions, 1843. The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company were invested with bank- ing powers, and established a bank in the city of New York, called "The Bank of the Delaware and Hud- son Canal Company," which issued bills for a number of years. The money was always at par and furnished a most convenient and reliable currency. The Honesdale Bank was incorporated in 1836. Richard L. Seely was its president during his life, and John Neal was its first cashier. In 1864 it came un- der the banking law^ of the United States as a national bank. Tlien Zenas W. Russell was president, Stephen D. Ward cashier, Horace C. Hand teller, and Warren i K. Dimock clerk. Coe F. Young is now president of / the National Bank, and Edwin F. Torrey cashier. The Wayne County Savings Bank was chartered in 1870 under the laws of Pennsylvania. W. W. Weston is now president, and H. C. Hand cashier. The nearest depot to Honesdale before 1865 was at Narrowsburg upon the New York and Lake Erie Railroad, sixteen miles distant. In that year a branch of said road was built from Lackawaxen to Hawley and in 1868 tlie 358 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. Branch was extended to Honesdale, thereby affording direct raih-oad communication with the city of New York, distant one hundred and thirty-five miles. John Torrey, Stephen Torrey, John F. Roe, Ahxn- son Blood, Charles P. Clark, and Elkanah Batnior were among the first begiimers in Honesdale, and are yet, as such, the only surviving residents. Jason Tor- rey, owning the lands upon which the upper part of the town is situated, erected, upon the north side of the Lackawaxen, a short distance above its junction with the Dyberry, the first dwelling-house, and, as it was afterwards used as a place of public worship, it was called the "Tabernacle." Isaac P. Foster and Jason Torrey built tlie first store, and that was on the Avest bank of the Dyberry, near the Goodman bridge. Jason Torrey, having made the first improvements, it is to be presumed that his sons, John and Stephen, were among the primitive settlers. John F. Roe came from Long Island, JS^. Y., in 1827. He has been engaged, during his sojourn in the place, until a year or two ago, in the mercantile business. Mr. Roe's recollections of past events are very vivid and correct. According to him, Isaac P. Foster and him- self kept the second store in a house built by Mr. Fos- ter, on a corner opposite the Wayne County House, remo\dng the goods from the first store thereto, which first store is \Qi standing, it having been moved up to and adjoining the house of Dr. E. T. Losey. That store-house now belongs to B. B. Smith, Esq. The second store-house was, not long afterwards, rented l)y BOROUGH OF HONESDALE. 359 Foster to Humphrey tfe Coe, as a tavern, but they did not run it long. Foster & Roe, in 1831, built a store down town, where W. W. Weston is now located. The place has been burned over once or twice, and the street and the land since that time have been so much raised and tilled up, that what was the top of the ground, in 1831, is now the bottom of the cellars. The " Stourbridge Lion," the lii'st locomotive ever run in America, was placed upon the D. & H. Canal Company's Railroad, near where the old M. E. church now stands, on the 9th of August, 1829. The engine was built in England. It was run two or three miles, when it was found to be too heavy for the slen- der trestle-work upon which the rails of the road were laid. Its use was abandoned and stationary engines and inclined planes were substituted in its stead. Charles P. Clark, now a carpenter, was an early comer, and was one of the first school-teachers in Honesdale. Elkanali Patmor, Esq., came from (Jrange county, N. Y., in 1830. He has been, and is yet, a manufac- turer of and a dealer in all kinds of carriages and wao-ons. He has held the office of coroner of the county time out of mind. He also held the office of justice of the peace for many years. David Tarbox was the first justice of the peace. Then succeeded Stephen D. Brush, Ebenezer Kings- bury, Jr., Thomas J. Hubbell, John Scott, A. B. Bid- well, Simon G. Throop, and others. The present jus- tices of the peace are John Mcintosh, and James B. 360 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. Eldred. Mr. Mcintosh was once an efficient sheriff of the connty, and for six years held the office of clerk of the several courts thereof; and Mr. Eldred was once a popular sheriff, which is proof positive that the Honesdale people have a due appreciation of the abilities of those that they choose for magistrates. Charles Forbes built and kept the first public house, which w^as erected in 1827. Divers persons kept it af- terwards, among whom was Henry Dart. The house, now the Wayne County Hotel, is owned, and is neat- ly and quietly kept by Henry Ball. The next public house in Honesdale was built near the present store of C^harles Petersen. It was kept l)y divers persons until it fell into the hands of Elia- kim Field, the prince of hotel keepers, who obtained license at January sessions, 1839. By his delicate, gossamer net of flattery, he entangled his customers. It was his to make the lean appear the fatter morsel: to make pork and beans superior to the delicious vi- ands w^hich Dyonisius sat before the infatuated Dam- ocles, and to make his guests believe that his vile corn- whiskey exceeded the nectar which Jupiter sipped on Mount Olympus. When a passenger alighted from the stage, he was gaily greeted by the complaisant host, who, rubbing his hands as if he were w^ashing them with invisible soap in imperceptible water, would exclaim, " I was afraid I should never see you again : walk right in. My wife was speaking about you last night; John, go and tell Mrs. Field that Mr. Brown lias come. Oh ! liow rejoiced she will be to see you." BOROUGH OF HONESDALE. 361 Public houses are now kept by Mrs. Betsey xilleu, widow of Samuel Allen, deceased, R. W, Kiple, Mi- chael Coyne, A. F. Yoigt, and Henry Ball, already named. The first merchants or retailers of foreign merchan- dise, in Honesdale, according to the court records, Nov. 1, 1828, were Foster & Roe, Zenas H. Russell, Northrup & Hayes. In April, 1830, there were Nor- thrup, Hayes ife Co. ; Russell <k Wilcox ; Isaac P. Fos- ter ; and Edward Mills. In 1831, there were Foster ife Roe; Thomas T. Hayes & Co.; Edward Mills; Russell Bronson ; Hastings Frisbie ; Russell & Wilcox ; P. S. Tyler ; Charles Kent ; and Humphrey & Co. In 1833, Edward Mills; Thomas T. Hayes & Co.; Hastings Frisbie ; Russell, Wilcox & Co. ; Hand & Kirtland; Roe & Co.; Phineas S. Tyler. In 1834, Hayes & Williams; Edward Mills; Hand & Kirtland; John F. Roe ; Hastings Frisbie ; Russell, Wilcox «% Co.; N. M. Bartlett; Delezenne & Beach; Isaac P. Foster; St. John & Perkins; Murray & Madigan ; E. T. Losey; Snyder & Stryker. Soon after this James Bassett and Cornelius Horn beck bought out the hrm of Hayes & Williams. John D. Delezenne, the father of Joseph Delezenne, of Honesdale, afterwards traded independently of Beach. The most of the aforesaid merchants must be w^ell remembered throughout tlie county for their fair and honoralJe dealing. John F. Roe, and Isaiah Snyder, of Honesdale, and A. J. Stryker, of Damascus, ai-e the only survivors of the merchants above named. How true it is that " life is 46 362 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. but M ^'apor, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away." The Honesdale Mill was completed in 1840, and was built by John Torrey, E-ichard L. Seely, and Jer- emiah C. Giinn. Mr. Gunn came from or near the city of Geneva, N. Y. He was an experienced miller Avhen he came into the comity, and the business of the mill was conducted under his direction for many years. Afterwards the mill was run for some years by Chas. T. Weston and Jas. K. Dickson. It now belongs wholly to Hon. John Torrey, and is rented by Peter J. Cole, an experienced miller. The first physician was Samuel G. Dimmick, of Sullivan Co., N. Y., a brother of the first wife of Hon. Nathaniel B. Eldred, deceased, and a cousin of Hon. Wm. H. Dimmick, Sen. Almost coeval with him, in 1830, was Ebenezer T. Losey. Dr. Dimmick removed; Dr. Losey remained during his life-time. Dr. Adonijah Strong first located in Bethany, and, about 1838, removed to Honesdale. He was a clas- sical scholar and a most learned physician. In his latter days he compounded a medicine for the cure of diphthei'ia, and another as a curative for many diseas- es, which medicines are highly extolled by those who have tested their virtues. Dr. Edwin Graves came from Delaware Co., N. Y., to Bethany, then removed to Honesdale, where he died in 184:9. Dr. W. F. Denton, from Orange Co., N. Y., of the botanical school, a very successful physician, practiced in the days of Dr. Graves, and survived him many years. BOROUGH OF IIONESDALE. 363 Next came Dr. W. W. Sanger, from Kew York city, whose stay was transient. Dr. C. King, from Otsego Co., N. Y., succeeded liim and remained all his life. About this time Dr. D wight Reed, a son of Charles G-. Reed, of Dyberry, and Dr. Wm. Reed, a son of the same, began their practice. Dr. Joseph Jones, homeopathist, who married a daughter of John A. Gustin, when he lirst came to Honesdale gave his at- tention to his profession. The present physicians and surgeons are Dr. C. M. Dusinberre, Dr. Dwight Reed, Dr. Wm. Reed, Dr. Reed Burns, Dr. H. G. Keefer, Dr. W. H. Cummings, Dr. R. W. Brady, who has been as much a druggist as a physician, and has com- pounded a medicine called "Dr. Brady's Mandrake Bitters," which is highly extolled for its medicinal vir- tues, and Dr. Fr. A. Friedman, (graduate of Vienna). We have not forgotten, nor would we fail to men- tion. Dr. Ralph L. Briggs, from Massachusetts, who practiced medicine some years in Honesdale. He was skillful in his profession, widely known, and highly esteemed throughout the county. He married Mary, the only daughter of Thomas Fuller. She is yet liv- ing in the borough. Upon the incoming of the ad- ministration of Abraham Lincoln, he was appointed postmaster. He died Dec. 4, 1863, aged thirty-seven years. Of the earlier postmasters were Thos. H. R. Tracy, John Scott, John A. Gustin, and John Y. Sherwood. Rol)ert A. Smith succeeded Dr. Briggs, has since held the office, and will probably continue to hold it 364 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. until we have a cliaiio-e of administration in the gen- eral government. Knssell F. Lord was one of the original engineers and managers of the Canal (Company. His brother, Solomon Z. Lord, at Hawley, now in the Company's employ, was coeval with him. Thomas H. R. Tracy came to Honesdale in 1829. He was born in Frank- lin, Connecticut, in 1806, and was appointed superin- tendent of the Pennsylvania section of the D. c<: H. Canal Company, which position he held until his death. He was elected an associate judge of the county in 1851, and died in the office. Miles L. Tracy, his son, is pay-master in the service of the Company. Hon. H. M. Seely married a daughter of Judge Tracy. John Kelly was one of tlie earliest comers to Hones- dale, where he arrived from Ireland, in 1828. He was in the service of the ('anal Company for thir- ty-two years, and died March 28, 1880, aged eighty- two years. There are six different Christian denominations in Honesdale, whose places of public worship are distin- guished as follows: First Presbyterian church, Chas. S. Dunning, D. D., pastor; First Methodist Episcopal, church, E-ev. Thos. Harroun, pastor, and Rev. H. Fox, assistant pastor; Grace Episcopal church. Rev. T. E. Caskey, rector; German Lutheran church, Rev. F. A. Hertzberger, pastor; St. John's Catholic church. Rev. J. J. Doherty, pastor; St. Magdalena Catholic church. Rev. G. Dassel, pastor. The Baptist church has no pastor at present. A new, massive structure of BOROUGH OF HONESDALE. 365 stone, sixty-live feet in front, and one hundred and four feet in depth, is being built on the Cherry Kidge road, near the borough limits, by the St. John's Cath- olic Church. There are about twenty -live families of Hebrews, or Jews, in Honesdale. Our readers probably know that they believe in the Old, or Hebrew Bible. They are thought to be a clannish, exclusive people. The truth of their history is stranger than fiction. They have been a proscribed, persecuted people in some coun- tries, having been denied the right of liolding lands or offices, and were placed under great civil disabilities. Germany relaxed her severities, and England, under the strong arguments of Lord Macaulay, was forced to suspend her rigors; but the United States, undei- the Constitution of AYashington, Jefferson, and other founders of true liberties, had nothing to suspend. Here every man could worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience. To this tolerating country the Jews were then attracted. They never take the name of God in vain, avoid intemperance, do not violate the injunction of the seventh com- mandment, have no cases of assault and battery, support their own poor, and never cite eacli other to the litigious bar. Their morality is worthy of gene- ral imitation. They have a synagogue on Third street, of which the Rev. Mr. Fass is Rabbi. Prominent among them is William Weiss, grocer, Avho came to this coimtry from Austria, in 1847, declared his inten- tion to ]>ecome a citizen in 1848, and was admitted as 366 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. such in 1853, since which time he hfis l)een a jury commissioner, and auditor of the county, and has been for eighteen successive years a member of the Hones- dale Board of Education. The original stock of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company was$1,500,000, which has been increased
to $20,000,000. Over one million tons of coal can be shipped by the canal in an uninterrupted season. About one thousand boats constitute its carrying capac- ity. The boats are towed down the Hudson river from Rondout to the docks of the Company at Weehawken. As said before, there were shipped l)y the way of Honesdale, in 1879, one million, nine hundred and thirty-three thousand, eight hmidred and seventy-four tons of coal. Consequently a large amount of coal is transported by the Honesdale Branch of the Erie Rail- road. The laboring force of the Company is about twelve thousand men, and they mined and delivered at diiferent markets, in 1879, three million, fifty-four thousand, three hundred and ninety tons of coal. The progress and prosperity of Honesdale and the sur- rounding villages and townships, with all their divers l)ranches of industry, have been identified with and dependent upon the business and success of this Com- pany. The canal is supplied with water by flowing a number of ponds in different parts of the county, thereby forming reservoirs that can be drawn upon as needed. These are as follows: Belmont reservoir. Miller's pond, and Stevenson pond, in Mount Pleasant; Long pond and reservoir below on its outlet. White BOROUGH OF HONESDALE, 367 Oak pond, and Elk pond in Clinton ; Keen's pond in Canaan; Lower Woods pond in Lebanon; Yarnell pond in Oregon ; and Cajaw pond in Cherry Ridge. All the coal carried to market by the canal is brought over the Moosic mountain by the Gravity Railroad. This was the lirst railroad built for actual transportation in America. There are no locomotives used on the road. The road ascends an elevation of eight hundred and fifty feet to the summit of the mountain. At the head of each plane is a substantial stationary engine. An endless wire rope passes over a huge drum at the head and extends to the foot of the plane ; there the cars are attached to the rope, and, upon a given signal, the cars start up the plane, often at the rate of twelve miles an hour. The track between the head of one plane and the foot of the next is built on a decline of fifty feet to the mile and is called a " Level." There are eight of these planes between Honesdale and Carbon- dale, and from Carbondale to Honesdale there are eight planes up and four down the mountain. The cars, having been let down the mountain by four in- clined planes to Waymart, from thence run by theii- own gravity to Honesdale. The track from Honesdale to Carbondale is called the " Light " track because the cars return to the mines empty. The other is called the "Loaded" track as loaded cars use it only. The scene- ry along this mountain railroad is enchanting. This road has been several times relaid and has undergone important repairs, adding greatly to its strength and safety. ^ 368 HIkSTORY of WAYNE COUNTY. Passenger trains commeneed running npon it in 1877 ; they are well conducted and safely run, and are a source of proiit to the company. They are exten- sively patronized by the votaries of pleasure and in- valids seeking pure air. The docks of the company at Honesdale are nearly a mile in length, along the western side of the village, and sometimes there are 500,000 tons of coal stored there awaiting shipment ; at other times there is none. The present officers of the company are as follows : President, Thomas Dick- s(m, of Scranton, Pa.; Vice President, Robert M. Olyphant, New York city ; General Manager, Coe F. Young, Honesdale, Pa. ; Treasurer, Jas. G. Hartt, New York city; Seci'etary, George L. Ilaight, New York city; Sales Agent, Rodman G, Moulton, New York city; General Agent of Real Estate Department, E. W. Weston, Providence, Pa. ; Superintendent of Coal Department, A. H. Vandling, Providence, Pa.; Su- perintendent of Railroad Department, R. Manville, Carbondale, Pa.; Assistant Canal Superintendent, W. F. Wil])ur, of Plonesdale; Sales Agent, Southern and Western Department, Joseph J. Albright, of Scran- ton, P^ .^xTlie streets of Honesdale are l)road, and finely shad- ed by maples and other trees. The sidewalks are paved witli ilag-stones. Main street is tlie principal business part of the town ; Second and Third streets are mainly oc(nipied by private residences. Second street might with propriety be called Church street, as the Baptist, Metliodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, Episco- BOROUGH OF HONESDALE. 369 pal, German Lutheran, and German Catholic el lurches are situated upon it. There are tln-ee suhstantial iron hridges in the borough. In the central part of tlie town is a spacious park, in the center of which, through tlie enterprise of the ladies of tlie borougli, a fountain, sparkling with beauty, was erected in 1879. Soon after the late civil strife tlie patriotic ladies of flonesdale, assisted by others in the connty, erected in the park a costly monument to perpetuate the mem- ory of the Wayne county volunteers who fell in tli:!t wai-. This monument, of Quincy granite, is pedestri in form, and surmounted by a bronze figure, life size, of a U. S. soldier at parade rest. The monument, together with the statue, is about fonrteen feet in lieight, and is surrounded by a neat ii-on fence. Tlie inscription and names of the fallen soldiers ai*e ns follows : 1869. THIS MONUMENT WAS EKECTED BY THE LADIES MONUMENTAL ASSOCIATION OF WAYNE COUNTY, TO THE MEMORY OF OUR DEAD WHO FELL, '*That Government of the people, by the people, and for the people, should not perish from the earth. " Capt. James L. Mumford. J. H. Bryant, J. Markle, D. Palmer, H. C. Pidis, W. Rix, G. Palmer, G. Scambler, E. Jordan, A. F. Elmeudorf, J. J. Thoi-p, D. Seibold, S. E. Elmendorl', E. Barhipht, J. G. Griggs, O. K. Stears, C. Thorp^ A. Graham, S. F. Davall, 47 370 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. J. E. Chubb, I. Thomas, J. Wallace, C. N. Bagley, D. HoweU, O. Wolf, S. Gilcrist, S. H. Cross, J. H. Simpson, T. Nodclin, W. E. Martin, R. Martin, G. H. Hoover, J. Shiever^ B. Pell, G. Pell, J. Simpson, O. Gillett, S. Bidwell, . H. Bidwell, F. Bidwell, E. Bidwell, S. Peet, W. Brooks, O. BrcK>ks, J. Mann, a Hathrill, T. Bryant, W. Tamblyu, D. C. Lathrop, M. Stevens, G. H. Stevens, D. Maloney, E. W. De Reamer, E. M. Clark, F. Zahn, J. E. Bagley, Ew W. FaiTiham, C. Henwood, J. Baker, J. B, Karslake, D. B. Torrey, T. Benney, S. Strong, T. Clark, T. J. Firth, A. Little, F. Marshall, N. G. Hiird, H. Nye, W. Surplice, H. McKaue, M. Rollison, A. Rollison, W. Holdron, J. E. Reed, G. Compton, N. Warder, D. Freer, W. Kellum, N. G. Hand, J. Johnson, T. Bourke, N. Foy, R. Kirtz, M. Devitt, L. Cole, E. Haven, J. D. Simp»3n, P. Ennis, -J. Kranglian, J. McLaughlin, J. C. Anthony, D. Wall, H. Buchanan, I. Knapp, Z. N. Lee, Capt. James Ham. A. Broat, M. V. Tvler, B. Lord; J. Jones, E. Jones, J. Price, N. Tyler, Jr., J. Hauser, S. D. Ward, W. Brotzmau, H. Case, H. Kinney, C. H. Munroe, G. H. Palmer, N. J. Simpson, G. W. Simpson, A. C. Starbird, J. W. Smith, J. H. Worth, W. Short, J. Ogden, J. Ogden, J. Northcott, S. Hines, J. Keifer, J. H. Belknap, 0. Chamberlain, T. C. Brigham, Y. D. Brigham, H. B. Wood, W. E. Dodge, J. Lukens, D. L. Brown, G. D. Parsons, C. T. Jackson, J. A. Dodge, J. W. Framptou, 1. Frampton, G. Parsons, H. Conklin, J. Cole, J. M. Gavett, J. R. Garton. G. W. Haynes. G. D. Slocum,' G. Seely, J. T. Wliittaker, T. Sterling, R. Whitney, H. Keersey, C. H. Cole, J. Hardwick, BOROUGH OF HONESDALE. 371 A. K. Pruden, N. Thoi-p, W. Hunter, A. Benjamiu, W. W. Valentine, E. Taeubner, C. Neihart, r. Wilcox, A. S. Luclwig, r. Metzger, E. E. Fisher, G. Metz, H. Nelmes, W. F. Hurlbiu-t, D. Burton, D. S. Charles, W. Carney, G. Frace, G. M. Cole, H. Price, J. Brown, W. H. Gifford, L. Bailey, L. N. Purdy, C. Haines, H. West, H. Lynch, G. J. Price, J. Hathaway, A. B. Hathaway, J. E. Dart, W. T. Hall, G. Ortnung, J. Tobin, E. Dexter, E. J. Bunnell, H. J. Borchers, D. Avery, A. E. Gleason, A. Niles, W. J. Thomas, J. Best, J. D. Hamlin, E. Torpyn, I. Crago, R. Clift, W. Cory, J. Bronson, J. E. Taylor, G. A. Taylor, H. Whittaker, D. Reynolds, E. Lake, 0. S. Hoffman, T. Newman, W. Surrine, S. H. Thomas, W. C. Thomas, 1. Hill, S. W. Jayne, E. S. Hufteln, J. H. Wilds, D. Woodward, D. Darling, A. J. Dai'ling, J. Hull, C. M. Griffis, P. P. Knight, W. Randall, R. Humphrey, D. Martin, J. O'Niel, M. Kingsbury, A. B. Hall, T. Coddmgton, A. Martin, J. W. Waller, J. Elmer, H. C. Wright, F. O. R. Benjamin, I. J. Bradshaw, G. M. Grotevant, D. Howell, E. G. Belknap, G. W. Warner, E. W. Freeman, J. B. Hanser, A. L. Chittenden, J. B. Muzzy, O. Wilcox, J. J. Rude, A. D. Stark, J. McKeon. CaPT. OlilVEE MUMFOKD. Lieut. H. F. Willis, D. Lake, D. McGowan, W. C. Bently, W. S. Hoffman, J. Jackson, G. W. Welton, M. Wood, J. Markle, B. Sherwood, W. Rhodes, J. Brigham, P. G. Griffin, H. Shaffer, S. H. Thomas, S. Dobson, H. T. Angel, E. O. Polly, H. Nicholson, D. Dickins, C. Dickins, G. W. Dickins, J. Dickins, Lieut. A. E. King, T. Kennedy, R. Harford, A. Colbath, E. S. Bayley. H. J. Wheeler, R. Bunnell, J. Emery, L. Slote, L. Bui'leigh, A, Mattison, D. Mattison, 372 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. G. W. Marks, A. J. Marks, D. Siitliff, M. Hickney, W. Cole. J. G. Boss, D. Dibble, B. Boults, J. Bray, O. Tyler, W. H. Wilcox, C. Lees, J. S. Sutliff, J. F. Wright, E. O. Haines, A. Huffman, J. S. Marricle, J. G. Boss, D. Brazee, K. P. Knapp, N. T. Andrews, G. G. Andrews, A. J. Swingle, J. J. Cunimiskey, L,. Spangenberg, J. J. Monk, C. P. Andreas, A. L. Rowley, I). Carpenter, H. A. Thurston, B. S. Merwin, N. J. Van Orden, J. W. Cobb, J. M. Easby, J. N. Stevens, J. C. Rockwell, F. Baird, N. Wilbur, A. H. Stewart, L, Croue, A. Jordan, J. Elmor, M. L. Denslow, D. A. Denslow, J. F. Jackson, O. L. Bath, G. S. Brown, G. P. Euslin, J. S. Kennedy, E. Lake, A. Clock, W. Upright, J. F. Barnes, D. Swingle, ^ A. London, T. Woodward, J. Hehnes, B. Curtis, H. Brigliam, G. Foler, J. A. Adams, D. Catterson, P. Swartz, L. Applemau, J. Cauth, S. Shearer, E, Cramer, L. Jordan, J. Rollison, C. A. Weed, H. Harris, G. W. Brown, J. Tobee, J. Adams, J. H. Schoonmaker. The enterprise of Isaac P. Foster, in connection witli Jason Torrey and John F. Roe, in erecting the iirst 1 )uiklings, and in starting the first stores in Hones- dale has been mentioned. Mr. Foster was of New Enghmd descent, and, in 1827, (^ame from Montrose, Pa., at the instance of Major Torrey. Mr. Foster had l^een for some years engaged in the tanning bnsiness, and soon resolved to establisli a tannery near Hones- dale. Having chosen a site, one mile np the west branch, in company with Ezra Hand, Daniel P. Kirt- land, and John F. Roe, reliable Imsiness men, a tan- nery was bnilt and put in operation in ISoO. At an early day, Mr. Foster bought out the interest of his BOROUGH OF HONESDALK. 373 partners, finally associated his sons with him, and the tannery was run as long as hark could he ol)tained for its support. In connection with his mercantile husi- ness, his tanning estal)lishment proved to ]>e highly remunerative, and he acquired more than a compe- tence. It is claimed that Deacon Foster brought the lirst imported hides into the county, and sent out of the county the iirst leather manufactured therein. He was called Deacon Foster, from tlie fact of his having i»een for many years a deacon in the First Presl)yte- rian Church. He was an ardent abolitionist and was doubtless sincere in his professions. When the free- dom of the slaves was fully assured, lifting up liis hands, he exclaimed, " Lord, let now thy servant de- part in peace, for mine eyes have seen thy salvation." He was much more than an ordinary man, and died in Honesdale, Nov. 18, 1876. Henry W. Stone, now living in Honesdale, aged eighty-nine years, was born in Kew England, and, in 1822, was assessed in Mount Pleasant as a single man and a merchant. Afterwards he traded awhile in Honesdale, and then, in company with Horace Drake, estal>lished a tannery and store at Beech Pond, which were successfully continued for many years, when Mr. Stone sold out to Drake c% Sons, and, with a compe- tence, retired from l)usiness. Being a temperate and unexcitable man, his l)odily and mental powers remain unimpaired by the ravages of time. Judge Cliarles P, Waller married his oldest, and E. F. Torrev anoth- 374 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. er daughter. His only son, Henry William, is living in Honesdale. Among the attorneys of note who practiced in om' com'ts since they have been held in Honesdale were the following: Earl Wheeler, who was born in Hampden county, Mass., 1802. He was a son of Hansom Wheeler, and a cousin of the late Marvin Wheeler, a well known mer- chant of Hancock, N. Y. Earl Wheeler commenced the practice of law in Dundaff, from thence he removed to Bethany, and, upon the removal of the county seat, took up his abode in Honesdale. He was a well-read lawyer and very fond of mathematics. In his sixty- fourth year he was smitten with paralysis, which un- iltted him for practicing his profession. He died De- cember 30, 1875, at the residence of his brother-in- law, Hiram K. Mumford, in Dyberry township. William H. Dimmick, Sen., was a son of Dan Dim- mick, of Milf ord ; he studied law with N, B. Eldred, was admitted to the Bar in 1840, removed to Hones- dale, was elected to Congress in 1856, and died Au- gust 3, 1861. He was never married. Samuel E. Dimmick was born in Bloomingburg, Sullivan county, N. Y. He was a son of Alpheus Dimmick, and cousin of William H. Dimmick, Sen., with whom he commenced the study of law, in 1814. He was admitted to the Bar in 1846. Such was his celebrity as a lawyer that, in 1873, he was appointed l)y Gov. Hartranft, attorney-general of Pennsylvania, in which office he died, Oct. 11, 1875. BOROUGH OF HONESDALE. 375 Frederick M. Crane was born in Salisbury, Conn., in 1815. He came to Honesclale in 1844, and was then admitted to the Bar, and was twice elected as a member of the Legislature. His mental capacity was great, and his legal knowledge extensive. He died suddenly at Honesdale, January 8, 1877. Ebenezer Kingsbury, Jr., John I. Allen, Simon G. Throop, Jackson Woodward, and H. B. Beardslee were admitted to the Wayne County Bar, but busi- ness outside of the legal profession diverted their at- tention therefrom. Want of space compels us to contract our intended notice of the present members, of the Bench and Bar. Hon. Chas. P. Waller, president judge, was born in Wyoming Yalley, of which place his father was a native. His mother came from Connecticut, and his grandparents were from the same State. He studied law with Judge Collins, of Wilkesbarre, came to Honesdale in 1843, and was then admitted to the Bar. The senior members of the Bar are as follows: (Jharles S. Minor, who was born in Washington, Con- necticut, in 1817, graduated at Yale College in 1841, and at the law school in New Haven, in 1844, came to Honesdale, and was admitted to the Bar that year. G. G. Waller, who was born in Wyoming, studied law with Judge Collins, came to Wayne county, and was admitted to practice in 1849. E. O. Hamlin was born in Bethany, studied with Hon. Geo. W. Woodward, was admitted in 1852, and practiced two years in Wayne county. He then re- 376 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. moved to Minnesota, was there president judge for several years, l)iit tinally returned, and took up liis permanent residence in Wayne eonnty, in 1873. Henry M. Seely was born in Wayne county, studied law in the city of New York, and was admitted to the Bar in 1859. William H. Dinnnick, son of Oliver 8. Dimmick, of Pike (bounty. Pa., studied law with Hon. S. E. Dim- mick, und was admitted to tlie Bar, in 1863. Greorge F. Bentley, sou of Judge Bentley, of Mon- trose, Pa., studied with C. P. <k G. G. Waller, and was admitted to \h^ Bar in 1866. The junior meml)ers of the Honesdale Bar are all natives of Wayne county, namely: P. P. Smith, Geo. 8. Purdy, Wm. 11. Lee, E. C. Mmnford, D. H. Brown, Homer Green, and W. J. Tracy. They all studied law in Honesdale, and have been duly admitted to the Bar. Being studious and temperate men, they give promise of attaining eminence in their profession. E. Richardson, of Hawley, and L. G. Dimock, of Way- mart, are also members of the Honesdale Bar. The progress that Honestlale has made within the past twenty years may ]>e seen in the superior value and permanency of the buildings erected, and in otlier important improvements made. Tlie Keystone and Centennial bloi-ks below the canal bridge and manv other buildings in the town would not appear to dis- advantage in any city. Many dwelling-houses have ^>een ei*ected on tlie nortli side of the Lackawaxen, above Park street, which althoua'h unlike in struc- BOROUGH OF HONESDALE, ^11 ture, are ingenious specimens of architectural taste and beauty. Main street has been macadamized at great expense. The streets and the public and private l)uildings are lighted with gas. The town is abun- dantly supplied with water wliich is principally drawn from the First and Second ponds in Dyberry. The business of the canal and railroad affords so large a Held for labor that but little attention has been paid to manufacturing. Still that branch of industry has not l)een entirely neglected. The yearly manufacture of boots and shoes by Durland, Torrey & Co., amounts to$350,000. The Honesdale Iron & Agricultural
Works, carried on by Gilbert Knapp, do a very large
business. Tliere is also a foundry on Front street,
conducted by Thomas Charlesworth, which does con-
siderable business. P. Mc Kenna is largely engaged
in the manufacture of butter Hrkins, churns, tubs,
buckets, and many other articles all of superior qual-
ity, thus supplying the county and adjoining sections.
M. B. Yan Kirk tfe Co. have an umbrella-stick factory.
John Brown manufactures cabinet-work. C. C. Jad-
win manufactures a large amount of his " Subduing
Liniment," for which there is an extensive demand.
B. L. Wood & Co. manufacture lumber for building
purposes.
The cause of education has always been considered
of the first importance by the people of Honesdale.
The first school taught in the place was kept in a house
located on liiver street, near John Brown's residence,
and was taught by Lewis Pestana, in the winter of
48
378 HISTORY OF WAYNE COVNTY.
1828. The next winter he was succeeded by Charles
P. Chirk, whose school was patronized by about fifty
pupils. An academy was founded in 1838, and its
first principal was Henry Seymour, A. B., of Amherst
College. He Avas succeeded by B. B. Smith, A. M.,
of Honesdale, and it continued to flourish under his
control until the State appropriation was withheld and
it gave place to the Honesdale Graded School, in 1861.
A classical course in the latter school includes the
usual studies preparatory to college. Prof. J. M.
Dolph became its principal in 1878. He succeeded
Prof. L. H. Barnum, who was principal for the pre-
vious six years. By the school report of 1878 there
were eleven schools in Honesdale. The tax levied for
all school purposes in that year amounted to $5,029.21. The contract for building the first court-house in Honesdale, was awarded to Charles Jameson. It was built of wood and cost$16,000. The first court was
held therein at September Sessions, 1843. The fire-
proof brick building in which the public records are
now kept, was built in 1856, by Beers & Heath, and
cost the county §11,500. The present jail was built
in 1859, but the original cost is now unknowTi. The
order of our judges for the erection of a new court-
house was made after a report of the grand jury at
February Sessions, 1876, and was as follows:
"In view of the crowded state of the court room for the past
year, and the manifest necessity for enlarged accommodation
for the people of the county who have business in the courts,
as lawyers, jurors, parties, and witnesses, and the very imper-
fect ventilation of the present court room, we cordially approve
BOROUGH OF HONESDALE. 379
the report of the grand jury on this subject, and recommend
the county commissioners to carry out the same by at once
maturing plans and erecting the foundation of a new buikling
the coming season ; they can then distribute the expense
through the years necessarily required for the erection and
completion of a building which shall meet the wants of, and
be a credit to, the county and not impose unnecessary burdens
upon the taxpayers. Dated, Feb. 15th, 1876.
( Chas. p. Waller, President Judge,
Signed, •< Otis Avery, Associate Judge,
(H. Wilson,
To make way for the building of the new structure
the old court-house was taken down in the summer of
1877. The new court-house has been so far linished
that the courts were held in it at May Sessions, 1880.
What will be the final cost of the building is as yet
unknown. There are so many questions about the
matter that are in al^eyance, that want of time and
space prevents our giving its tangled and disputed his-
tory; we leave that lal)or to the coming historian.
Who should be cannonaded and who should be canon-
ized in the premises, it is not our province to decide.
The first newspaper printed in the county was start-
ed at Bethany, by James Manning, who bought a
printing-press and type. It was entitled the Way7ie
County Mirror. Manning edited it himself, and it
was well conducted. Its first number was dated in
March, 1818. The Mirror was followed by the Re-
jntbliean Advocate, which was published l)y Davis
and Sasman, Manning owning the press. It com-
menced in November, 1822, but Davis became unpop-
ular, and, in 1830, it took the name of the Bethany
380 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Inquirer^ with Wm. Sasmaii as editor. In 1832 the
iirst number of the Way tie County Herald was issued
in Honesdale by Peter C Ward. The Wayne Comity
Free Press and Bethany and Honesdale Advertiser
was established January 1, 1838, by Paul S. Preston,
at Bethany. Piehard Nugent was editor and compos-
itor. Ebenezer Kingsbury, Jr., was then editor of the
Honesdale Herald. In 1840, The Free Press was re-
moved to Honesdale, and, in 1842, took the name of
The Beechivoodsrnan^ which was succeeded, in 1844,
by The Honesdale Democrat^ and edited by F. B.
Penniman, Esq., the veteran editor in Wayne county,
now of Honesdale. The purity, propriety, and con-
ciseness of his style attracted the notice of the emi-
nent writers and politicians of that day, and he was
pursuaded to accept the editorship of The Plttslnirg
Cazette, then one of the most influential political jour-
nals in the Commonwealth; but failing health forced
liim to retire from the position. He has not, how-
ever, lost his skill in the use of felicitous language.
His ancestors were of Puritan origin. Upon the
retirement of F. B. Penniman from the Democrat., it
took the name of The Rejniblic., and was conducted by
E. A. Penniman. In 1868 The Honesdale Citizen
was estal>lished, which has ever since been published
as the organ of the Republican party in the connty ;
Hon. Henry Wilson and E. A. Penniman are its
editors and publishers. The Wayne County Herald^
the organ of the Democratic party, has l)een owned
and conducted, at different times, by John I. Allen,
PALMYRA rOWNSHIF, PIKE COUNTY. 381
II, B. Beardslee, and Menner ife Ham. In 1865, it
passed into the hands of Thomas J. Ham, who is
its present editor and owner. Several other papers
have been started from time to time, which were short
lived. The Ilawley Free Press was succeeded by
The Hawley Tkties, formerly edited by F. P. Wood-
ward, a son of Daniel D. Woodward, Esq., of Cherry
Ridge, but now edited by his brother, H. P. Wood-
ward. 2' he Wayne In<le2)endent was established in
1878 by Benjamin F. Haines. The initial number
was issued in February of that year. It being a suc-
cess, the paper was enlarged with the first number of
the second volume, when Mr. Haines associated as
copartner with him Miles Beardsley, of Kew York
State, and it has since been conducted under the iirm
name of Haines cfe Beardslej. It is independent in
politics.
CHAPTER XXXII.
PALMYRA TOWNSHIP, PIKE COUNTY.
PAUPACK Settlement, as it was always known in
former times, was situated on the eastern and
8outh-eastern side of the Wallenpaupack. A man by
the name of Carter and his familv were the first
382 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
whites that ever lived on the Paupack. He built a house
on the Pellet Flats, in 1758. During the French and
Indian war the family were all murdered and the
house burned by the Indians. The names of the first
emigrants were Uriah Chapman, Esq., Capt. Zebidon
Parrish, Capt. Eliab Varnum, Nathaniel Gates, Zadock
Killam, Ephraim Killam, Jacob Kimble, Enos Wood-
ward, Isaac Parrish, John Killam, Hezekiah Bingham,
John Ansley, Elijah Winters, John Pellet, Sr., John
Pellet, Jr., Abel Kimble, and Walter Kiml>le, all of
w^hom returned to the settlement after the Revolution.
But there were others who never returned. Joshua
Yarnum was killed during the war. Silas Parks, Jr.,
was in Capt. Dethic Hewitt's company and was killed
in the battle of Wyoming. Tliere was a nunil)er of
others, who, after the Wyoming massacre, nevei* re-
turned to Paupack.
These settlers laid off two townships ; the one in
which they were all included, was named Lackaway,
and one further up the Paupack named Bozrah.
When this people started from Connecticut they ex-
pected to go on to Wyoming, but finding good land
and fine timl^er on the Paupack, they stopped there,
as they expected to hold the lands under Connecticut.
They had friends in Wyoming with whom they were
in perfect accord. They built a palisaded fort enclos-
ing an acre of land on whicli was a good spring.
Within the fort was built a block-house, on the top of
which w^as a bullet-proof sentry-box. When trouble
was anticipated with the Indians, the people with
PALMYRA TOWNSHIP, PIKE COUNTY. 383
their families spent their nights in the fort. The men
went in gangs to plant, hoe, and cultivate each other's
iields, with their guns slung over their backs. Bands
of vagabond scamps and outcasts of the Indian tribes,
led on by Tories, often molested the settlers in 1777
and 1778, with whom they had frequent skirmishes.
The main object of the marauders w^as to steal the cat-
tle of the settlers. Brandt, a half-blood chief with
great authority, had given orders that the Paupack
people, having been kind to the Indians, should not
be disturbed. But Brandt could not control the
Tories.
A saw-mill was built about where Burnham Kimble
afterwards lived, and was burnt down by the Indians
in 1779. Capt. Eliab Yarnum had command of the
troops of the colony ; Jonathan Haskell was lieutenant,
and Elijah Winters, ensign. In 1777 a body of eight-
een men was discovered by a daughter of Nathaniel
Gates, (afterwards Mrs. Stephen Bennett.) She in-
formed Lieut. Haskell of the fact who captured the
whole body. They proved to be Tories and were con-
veyed to Hartford, Conn., where they were punished.
Some Tories disturbed the settlers on the 3d of July,
1778, but were driven away, and in their retreat burn-
ed a grist-mill at Wilson ville which was built by
Joseph Washburn. Among these Tories was one
Bryant Mclvean, who was afterwards arrested upon
suspicion of conveying intelligence to the Indians, but
he was not convicted. One of his neighbors who had
been instrumental in his (McKean's) arrest, he never
384 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
forgave, and, as a means of satisfying liis revengeful
spirit, he agreed with tlie Indians to murder his neigh-
l)or. Bnt the Indians mistook McKean's description
of the house and nnirdei*ed MeKean's own family and
l)urnt the house. This story is well authenticated.
On the third of July, 1778, was the massacre at Wy-
oming. The next day John Hannnond or Jacob Stan-
ton carried the news to Paupack. Upon learning this,
the inhabitants, taking their women, children, and
sick, and driving their cattle before them, after hiding
some of their goods in the woods, fled to Orange
county, N. Y. Near the mouth of the Wallenpaupack,
Zebulon and Jasper Parrish, Stephen Kimble, (who
died a prisoner among the Indians,) Stephen Parrish
and Reuben Jones were taken prisoners by the In-
dians. In August, 1778, and in the spring of 1779,
parties of young men ventured to return, but they
barely escaped with their lives. All the property
which the settlers left behind them, with their houses,
had been destroyed. In 1783, after the close of the
Revolution, the most of the original settlers returned.
They suffered much as the season was unfavorable and
the crops were poor. As they had no mill with which
to gi-ind their corn, they were ol:)liged to pound it in
mortars, and in some cases went to Milford on snow-
shoes and brought home flour on their backs. But
they withstood all hardships and afterwards became
prosperous and happy. The original inhabitants were
principally Presbyterians. They were industrious,
hospitable, and honest. They were remarkable for
PALMYEA TOWNSHIP, PIKE COUNTY. 385
their longevity. Hence Jacob Kimble died in 1826,
aged ninety-one; Hezekiali Bingham in 1811, aged
seventy-f om- ; Moses Killam, Sen., in 1831, aged seven-
ty-two; John Pellett, Jr., in 1838, aged ninety; and
Ephraim Killam in 1836, aged eighty-seven.
The following were some of the settlers that return-
ed after the close of the Revolutionary war, and
others of their children and grandchildren :
Hezekiah Bingham, Sen., had three sons : Hezekiah
Bingham, Jr., a man of worth and intelligence; Ro-
dolplms Bingham, a noted innkeeper and lumberman ;
and Soloman Bingham. Moses Bingham, Esq., was a
justice of the peace. The descendants and children
of the Bingham family, although numerous and highly
respected, have all removed from the place.
Uriah Chapman settled at Blooming Grove and
kept tavern. He had a numerous family, all of whom
are gone.
Ephraim Killam married a daughter of John Ans-
ley. His family were very intelligent. He had but
one son, Ira, who married a daughter of Roswell
Chapman. Ephraim Killam was a man of reading
and observation, and was well acquainted with the
Indian character. He scouted the idea of civilizing
them. " Why," he used to say, " an Indian is just as
much a wild man as a wolf is a wild dog ; you cannot
tame him." His brother, Moses Killam, Sen., was in
the battle at the mouth of the Lackawaxen, and was
slightly Avounded. He had two sons, Moses Killam,
Esq., a very noted man as a farmer, lumberman, and
49
386 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
citizen, and Benjamin Killam, a local Methodist min-
ister, whose handwriting was a model of excellence.
He married a daughter of Elijah Winters. She was
the first child born in Faupack and died a few years
ago, aged one hundred years. Marcus Killam, their
son, lives upon the old homestead.
Jacob Kimble, Sen., was a miller, farmer, and lum-
berman. His sons were Abel, Jacob, Walter, Daniel,
and Benjamin. Judge Abisha Woodward married a
daughter of Jacob Kimble, Sen. She was the mother
of G. W. Woodward. They have all passed aw^ay.
John Pellet, Jr., was in most of the conflicts with the
Indians on the Paupack. He married a noble woman,
Nan(3y Bingham, a daughter of Hezekiah Bingham,
Sen. They had eight sons and two daughters. Asa
Kimble married Abigail, the oldest daughter.
John Ansley, Sen., who was born in England, was
a blacksmith, as was his son, John, Jr. Joseph Ans-
ley, innkeeper, was one of his sons, and Simeon Ans-
ley, another. David Lester and Orrin Lester, who
were Revolutionary soldiers, lived some years in Pau-
pack.
Upon the return of the settlers Stephen Bennett,
then a young man from Massachusetts, a soldier under
" Old Put," located and married a daughter of Nathan-
iel Gates. He first lived back of Walter Kimble's.
His sons were Pufus, Stephen, and Lebbeus. Stephen
Bennett died at a very advanced age. Some of the
children of Pufus Bennett are yet living in Wayne
x^ounty.
MISCELLANEOUS. 387
In doing justice to the memory of those old settlers
we could write scores of pages. They and their chil-
dren have passed over the river, and we, standing on
its brink, aged seventy-six years, cannot but look back
with admiration of that noble people.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
MISCELLANEO US.
IT is no easy task, even for one who in early life
was intimately acquainted with the hardships and
struggles of the early settlers, to portray them fully
and justly. Their necessities were alike in all parts
of the county, and all were obliged to put up log-
houses with large stone chimneys, and roofed at first
with bark, and having floors and doors made of boards
split from logs. The spaces between tlie logs were
filled up with moss and clay, to repel the winter's flaw.
Loff-barns were made for cattle and horses, when the
or more; in 1806, for instance, Canaan, including
Salem, Sterling, and most of Cherry Ridge, then had
ninety-one taxables, ninety-six cows, and thirty-five
horses. Some of the settlers brought with them
feather-beds, but the most slept well on straw.
388 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
The lightest part of the forest was cut down and
cleared np and sown with rye and wheat, or planted
with potatoes and corn. After tlie grain was raised,
by some it was carried to Wilsonville, to Damascus,
or to Slocum Hollow, (now Scranton,) to l)e ground.
The thoughtful Germans of Canaan, brought witli
them hand-mills and ground the grain themselves ;
others pounded or boiled it, and, in cases of extremity,
lived on milk and boiled potatoes, which is not an un-
savory dish to a hungry laboring man. The land
yielded abundantly, and, after a few years, enough
grain was raised to support the people. The woods
were full of wild game, and the streams alive witli
lish. But there were many things which they had not
and could not do without. They needed axes, scythes,
plows, chains, liarrows, lioes, salt, (which was live dol-
lars a bushel,) leather, and clothing for themselves and
their children. How were these indispensables to be
obtained, and where was the money to come from
wherewith to purchase them ? Some of tliese things
they w^ent without. The skins of their domestic ani-
mals they exchanged for salt and leather, often dis-
pensing with dressed leather by weai-ing moccasins
made of deer-skin, and sometimes they sold grain to
the lumbermen for cash. The lumbermen along the
Delaware and Lackawaxen did not have it quite so
hard as the settlers who were remote from tlie rivers.
But most of the latter sowed flax and dressed it, and
the women (blessed l)e their memory,) carded, spun,
and wove it into a variety of most excellent cl(.)ths.
MISCELLANEOUS, 389
Then necessity required almost every farmer to keep
slieep, the wool from which was carded, spmi, and
woven by the women into all needful fabrics.
In a few years saw-mills were erected in all the new
settlements, so that the log-cabins could be made more
and more comfortable. Go to a log-cabin in those
days, and outside would be found two, three, or four
shoats that lived mostly upon the mast found in the
woods, and that had come home to see how tlie folks
were. "Old Brindle" would be standing, reaching
through the rails wliich enclosed a stack of wild hay.
There was a wooden-shod sled made mostly for win-
ter use, but used, nevertheless, at all seasons, as carts
and wagons were scarce. It was not in the likeness
of anything in the earth beneath, or in the water un-
der the earth. There was a harrow made of a branch-
ing tree which made one letter of the alphabet in the
shape of a Y, with live iron teeth on a side and one
in front. The plow was not at home, having been
lent to a near neighbor only two -miles distant. Two
or three acres had been cleared and planted, and a
quarter of an acre sown with flax. Near by the cabin
was a covered enclosure in which four or five sheep
were nightly folded. The dog, "Tiger,'' glad to see
any kind of a duplicate of his master, would laugli all
over to see you. Dogs were not tlien taught to con-
sider men as thieves or tramps. Knocking, you were
l)id to come in, and, upon lifting the wooden latch,
were cheerily and sincerely greeted and offered tlie
l)est bench for a seat. The furniture in said cabin
390 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
was rough and simple, and there were no carpets,
table-cloths, or napkins. There was but one room in
the calnn with but one bed and a trundle-ljed. A bed-
room was then made by hanging up two blankets. A
and sleep on a straw bed overhead. The most pleas-
ins: of all was that there in that cabin were three or
four cherubs, called children, bounding and playing in
circles around that unadorned room, and who were
like those of whom Christ said, '' Of such is the king-
dom of heaven."
You would perhaps stay to dinner, where everything
would be sweet and savory, and it would coiisist of
good johnny-cake and delicious fried trout, one or two
of which would make a meal, and your neighbor
would tell you that he had canght sixty of the like
that day. You would have no tea, but good, unadul-
terated coffee, made of burnt peas or browned rye
flour, and sweetened with maple sugar. In those days
a fox met a man and wondered if he was a new kind
of Indian or something worse, and the owl hooted at
him as an unnaturalized intruder. In such log-cab-
ins lived, sixty, seventy, or eighty years ago, the first
settlers of Wayne county, whether Yankees, Dutch,
Irish, or English. In those log-huts might perhaps
have been found some of the following books : The
Bible, Watts' inimitable Psalms and Hymns, The Pil-
grim's Progress, an Episcopal Prayer-book, a Catho-
lic Catechism, or a New England Primer. There was
an almanac found in every cabin. It told much of
MISCELLANEOUS. 391
the past and foretold coming eclipses with certainty,
and coming storms and calms with occasional nncer-
tainty. It often quieted the fears of such as w^ere
disturbed by strange and unaccountable phenomena.
Some sons of Belial one night, out of pure wicked-
ness, pushed some squibs under the door of an old
couple's cabin. The squibs of wild-lire went whizzing
and circling around their room to their great dismay
and affright. The old man, at the suggestion of his
wife, got up and looking in the almanac, he found
against that day the strange word " apogee," which
he spelled out, a-po, a-po, gee, a-po-gee, sounding the
g hard, and accenting the last syllable. '' There,"
said he, " it's 'apogee' come, and if it ha d not been for
the almanac I should never have found out what it
meant, for it is not in the Bible. Probably it means
a little devil just hatched out." * High up in the
primitive chimneys, above the reach of fire, was a
cross-pole from which descended trammels upon which
were hung as needed, a pot, a dish-kettle, or tea-kettle ;
these, with a frying-pan and griddle, made up all the
culinary vessels used in preparing or cooking food,
excepting that an oven was built in the stone chim-
ney or out of doors for the baking of bread. After-
wards came the tin oven which was open towards the
fire ; the reflection of the heat from the shining tin
assisted in baking the cakes, pies, or bread in the oven.
* The word " apogee " has reference to the moon when it is
at its greatest distance from the earth.
392 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Stoves were not in use mitil after 1820, and were not
in general use until 1840. The blacksmith in those
early dajs was, as he always will be, the most useful
and all the nails then used, also all the chains and
hooks, drew teeth with an iron hawk's bill, and in his
leisure time made musical instruments for the boys,
called jews-harps. One old blacksmith made iisli-
hooks and the iish l)it at them just to lind out what
tliey were; but they were not very dangerous to the
Iish. The roads were then merely cleared of the logs
and bushes. Most of the transportation was made
on horseback or manback. Tlie latter mode of re-
moving a thing from one plac^ to another was called
" soul (carting." Shoemakers went from house to house
and made up the shoes that would be worn in a fam-
ily for a year. Happy was the lad or the lass that
could rely upon having one pair of shoes in a year.
The most of the men, women, and children thought it
no great hardship to go barefoot six months in the
year. Most of the people were then poor, but pover-
ty was not then considered a crime or a disgrace, but
merely a discomfort. Because a man had naught, he
was not called " naughty." As an example of tlie
poverty of many people, it is a fact that the house of
a (certain man in Salem with all its contents burned
up and he (claimed tliat liis loss was forty dollars; but
it is prol)able tliat there was as mucli happiness to be
found in those lodges in the wilderness as can be found
anywhere in this world.
MISCELLANEO US. 393
'•Contented toil and hospitable care,
And kind connubial tenderness were there ;
And piety, with wishes fixed above.
And steady loyalty and faithful love."
Few of the pioneers had the money to pay down
for their hinds, and it took them many years before
they w^ere al)le to make their payments.
After providing shelter, food, and raiment for them-
selves and families, and making necessary roads and
l)ridges, the next great anxiety of the settlers w^as to
establish schools for the edncation of tlieir children.
The great mass of the original inhabitants of Wayne
connty were from New" England, a people who were
never forgetful of the cause of education, but whether
they w^ere Yankee or Dutch, English or Irish, native
or foreign, in this anxiety they w^ere unanimous.
Scliool-houses w^ere built more comfortable than the
common dwelling-houses, and the best teachers that
could be found were employed. Some of them had
made but little progress in ascending the hill of sci-
ence, w^hile other young men, educated in the acade-
mies and high schools of the Eastern States, came
liither in search of employment. The principal branch-
es taught w^ere orthography, reading, w^riting, arith-
metic, English grammar, and geography. The first
l)Ooks were as follows: Dihvorth's and Wel)sterV
spelling-books ; for reading books, Webster's Elements
of Useful Know^ledge, the Second and Tliird Fart,
The American Freceptor, and the Columbian Orator,
l)y Calel) Bingham, the Englisli Reader with its Intro-
duction and Sequel; arithmetic — Daboll's and Fike's
50
394 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
— Murray's English Grammar — Davies', Cummings'
Morse's or Woodhridge's Geography ; Johnson's or
Walker's Dictionary; and Robert Gibson's Treatise
on Surveying. Hale's History of the United States
had been introduced into some schools. These books,
if not equal to those used at the present day, possess-
ed many excellencies and were abreast of the times.
It is not pretended that those teachers in olden days
were equal in qualiiications to the teachers of the
academies and high schools, but they taught orthogra-
phy, reading, and writing, well. The first schools
were started by a few persons who generally hired a
teacher, fixed his salary, requiring him to board round
and collect his own school-bills, each patron of the
school to pay pro rata. Tradition declares that there
Avere good schools in the county seventy or eighty
years ago, but it has preserved very little concerning
them. A law of 1809 required the (county to pay
for the schooling of the children of indigent persons.
The law^ of 1834, authorizing the levy of taxes for the
support of common schools, was amended in 1836,
and by another amendment, in 1854, provided for the
election of county superintendents triennially, by the
school directors. The oftice was held as follows: By
John F. Stoddard, one year; S. A. Terrel, five years;
E. O. "Ward, seven years; J. E. Hawker, three years;
D. G. Allen, nine years; H. B. Larrabee was elected
in May, 1878, for three years.
The schools which were in their day chartered, and
MISCELLANEOUS. 395
the academies and high schools now sustained in dif-
ferent parts of the county have been mentioned, ex-
cepting the select school at Hollisterville, under the
charge of Prof. M. H. Race.
There is a graded school at Honesdale, one at See-
lyville, and another at Hawley. By the School Re-
port of 1878 there are two hundred and thirteen
schools in the county; the number of male teachers,
eiglity-two; females, one hundred and eighty-three;
whole number of scholars, 8,939; total amount of
tax levied for school and building purposes, $36,948.95. The Baptists, it appears, organized the iirst Church in the county in Paupack. Elder William Purdy was its pastor. One was organized in Mount Pleasant in 1796, and Epaphras Thompson was its lirst minis- ter, and was succeeded by Elder Elijah Peck. The next Baptist Church was started in Damascus, then one in Salem, and afterwards one in Bethany and Clinton. There are ten churches or houses of public w^orship belonging to the Baptists in the county. The pioneer Presbyterian Church in the county was that of Salem and Palmyra, which was organized in August, 1805, by Rev. David Harrowar, Rev. Worth- ington Wright, from Massachusetts, was installed its pastor in 1813. A Congregational Church was also organized in Mount Pleasant, in January, 1814, by Rev. E. Kingsbury and Rev. W. Wright. A Pres- byterian Church was organized by the Rev. Phineas Camp, in Bethany, in 1818 ; the house was begun in 1822, and finished in 1835. The Presbyterian Church 396 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. in Honesdale was organized in 1829 ; the cost of the present building was |44,000. The Church hi Way- mart was organized in 1835, and the house built in 181:6. Lebanon society or Church was organized in 1848, and the house erected the same year. The so- ciety or Church of Prompton was organized in 1842, and the house built in 1849. The society or Church of Hawley was organized in 1849, and tlie house was built in 1851. There may be other societies which have no buildings erected for public worship. The Presbyterians were the descendants of the old Puri- tans, were generally well educated, and were rigid in tlie enforcement of the strictest morality. They wish- ed and meant to be riglit. The Episcopal Methodists were among the first in the missionary Held. Their preachers went every- where that a soul could be found. They had all the zeal of Ignatius Loyola. They generally held their meetings in the log school-houses, or in private dwell- ings, and in summer in barns or in the woods. They insisted upon great simplicity of dress, and in that re- spect were as rigid as the Quakers. No woman could then obtain admittance to their love-feasts whose dress abounded with flounces and furbelows, and even a rib- l)on gathered up into a Ijow upon her l>onnet would not be overlooked. A few old people may be found who remember some of their original preachers, such as Isaac Grant, Joshua Bil)]>ins, and George Peck, Sen. We heard the latter preach his tirst sermon in Salem in the West school-house. In or about the vear 1825 MLSCELLANEOUS. 397 the first Methodist Episcopal church was commenced west of Salem Corners, and in 1832 one was huilt at Mount Pleasant. The progress of the Church in tlie county has l)een uniform, until at the present time there are twenty-six churches or houses of pul)lic wor- ship, which may not include some societies that are without a church edifice. There are two camp-meet- ing groves used annually by the church, one at Salem and one at Tallmanville. There are in the county ten Roman Catholic churches which are all noticed under the several local- ities where they are situated, besides which there are several places which are visited that have no church edifices. The first of those churches was established in Honesdale in 1834, and the next in Mount Pleasant in 1835. There are four Episcopal, four Union, two Free Methodist, two Lutheran churches, and one German Reform church. It has been shown that the attempt of Judge James Wilson to commence the manufacture of flax and hemp at the mouth of the Paupack, even before the organization of the county, proved abortive. Saw- mills were early established along the Delaware and Lackawaxen for the manufacture of timber into l)oards, etc., thereby adding perhaps one-fourth to its market value. This kind of manufacturino^ has been carried on more or less for the past ninety years, and, vsince the establishment of tanneries in the county, has l>een a very large and extensive business. 398 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. The first cardiug-macliine was set up on Johnson's creek, below tlie Seth Kennedy mill, in Mount Pleas- ant, by Jacob Plum, in 1813. These machines, al- though they did not manufacture, prepared the wool for spinning, and saved the women much hard work, Capt. Keen started one below Keen's pond, in Canaan, in 1820. Samuel Hartford, assisted by H. G. Chase, put up one east of Hamlinton in 1825, and Alpheus Hollister one at Hollisterville in 1827. Hiram G. Chase aforesaid moved into Dy]>erry township in 1826. His father was from Taunton, Mass., but Hiram G. was from Delaware county, N. Y. He married a daughter of Ira Hurlburt, who was a brother of the remarkable twin sisters, of whom Pope Bushnell's wife was one. Mrs. Chase was a sister of Ezra Hurl- l)urt, of Honesdale, and of Frederick Hurlburt, of Canaan. Mr. Chase began mth Wm. B. Ogden, in 1826, and started works for the fulling of cloth at the outlet of Jennings pond, in Dyberry, and the next year bought the carding-machine of Hartford. Ogden sold out to Wm. N. Fisher. Mr. Chase continued in the business ten years and then sold out to Henry Jen- niuirs.- Fisher continued in business most of his life. Mr. Chase and his wife are still living, and should have been noticed under Dyberry towmship. The Dyberry glass-factory was started in 1816, and, with short intermissions, was kept in operation for twenty-five yeters. The manufacture of axes and edge-tools by Ezekiel White was commenced in 1820, and was continued by MISCELLANEOUS. 399 Epliraiin Y. White at Seelyville and Tracyville during liis life-time. The business is now vigorously carried on by his son, Gilbert White, at Tracyville. James Hendrick, in the early days of Honesdale, carried on the making of scythes and axes, and the business was continued by others after him. Henry Kemmerer, in 1835, started a large powder- mill near Shaffer's. Mills, in South Canaan. The bus- iness was prosperous until the mill was blown up in the summer of 1837 and three persons were killed. The mill was not rebuilt. James Birdsall commenced the maufacture of wool- en cloths at Seelyville in 1846, and the business, hav- ing been continued and being constantly on the in- crease, has assumed a most respectable importance un- der Birdsall Brothers. This is one of the most useful of all branches of manufacture, and can be contin- ued from time to time, and from age to age, without any prospects of a discontinuation of its usefulness. Seelyville has ever been an attractive point for manu- facturing. Window-sashes, blinds, and doors were made here for some years by Messrs. Costins & Erk. Chris- tian Erk is now doing a large business in the manu- facture of umbrella and parasol sticks. John H. Gill has had a small foundry in operation a short distance above Seelyville for a number of years. It is now carried on by his son. George W. Hall, of Prompton, has been, for forty years, engaged in the manufacture from wood of all needed household furniture, and has not intermitted 400 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. liis labors. Having associated Avitli him liis son, Ar- thur, as copartner, the business is now (conducted under the Urm name of G. AV. Hall tfe Son. The great glass-works of Christian Dorflinger, at AVhite Mills, established within the last twelve years, are the most colossal manufacturing works in the (^ountj. In 1842 Jacob Faatz started glass-works at Tracjville, but for want of capital they were discon- tinued, and they fell into the hands of James Brook- tield but were mostly destroyed by the l)reaking aw^ay of a dam at the mouth of a pond above. Tlie Hones- dale Glass Company, in 1873, commenced the making of hollow glass-ware in the same place, and are doing ;i large and profitable business. The manufacturing done in Honesdale is by Dur- land, Torrey c% Co., in the boot and shoe l)usiness; Gilbert Knapp in the foundry business; B. L. Wood ife Co., prepared lumber; M. B. YanKirk, umbrella- stick factory; C. C. Jadwin and Dr. Brady, medicines; John Brown, furniture; V. McKenna, cooper; and P. J. Cole, flour and feed. Probably there are others not mentioned. Under tlie patronal cliarge of Rev. J. J. Doherty, pastor of tlie St. John's Catholic church of Honesdale, an industrial school was established in 1879. Tlie manufacture of shirts is the only branch of business (iarried on at present, and employment is given to about twenty-live girls. The intention, however, is to add other branches of industry to the institution, the object of P^ither Dohei'ty being t(^ give to the youth, MISCELLANEOUS. 401 male and female, a practical education, and, also, give employment and bring up to liabits of industry and usefulness scores who are being reared in enforced idleness. The enterprise is in its infancy but is likely to grow into an important and beneiicent industry. Erastus Baker, of Mount Pleasant, more than forty- five years ago, established a carding-machine on the Lackawaxen in Mount Pleasant and dressed and dyed cloths during his life, and the works are carried on to this day. The manufacturing of chairs and other kinds of wood-work is carried on at Forest Mills, Lake town- ship, by Henry Silkman. One of the most important branches of industry in Wayne county has been the manufacture of leather, and has yielded a large amount of money. Its begin- nings were small. The first tannery that we remem- ber w^as run by Samuel Kogers, in Canaan, and was afterwards called the Cortright tannery. Asa Smith, in Mount Pleasant, Thomas S. Holmes, of Bucking- ham, and Levi Ketchum and Osborn Olmstead, of Bethany, carried on the business for several years on a small scale. About 1830 Isaac P. Foster establish- ed the first great tannery in the county, which, having been profitably run for many years, has been discon- tinued. The tanneries that are now in successful operation and doing a large business are owned l)y H. Beach & Brothers, at Milan ville; E. P. Strong, at Starrucca; Coe F. Young, at Tanners Falls; G. B. Morss, Ledgedale; Hoyt Bros., at Lake Como; R. H. 51 402 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. Wales, at High Lake; Wm. Holbert, at Equiniink; Hoyt Bros., at Manchester. Those doing a moderate business are Wm. Gale, at Middle Yalley; L. H. Al- den & Co., at Aldenville; Brunig <k Co., at Oregon; E^ichols & Co., at Mt. Pleasant; and Samuel Saun- ders, at Texas. Several tanneries have been discontinued, and the Imsiness as to tlie amount of leather tanned is dimin- ishing. Ten or fifteen years ago the leather tanned in the county amounted to §2,200,000, or was sold for tliat amount yearly. Men well acquainted with the whole tanning interests throughout the county are cautious about making an estimate of the proceeds which have been received therefrom, admitting, how- ever, that they have been enormous. When we take into consideration the great amount of water-power in the county unused, it is to be re- gretted that we have no more manufacturing estab- lishments ^vithin its limits. It is, therefore, pleasant to be assured that a silk-factory is to be established on the Paupack at Hawley. If I am rightly inform- ed, the building will be built of stone, to he three hun- dred and sixty feet by forty-four feet, with an exten- sion of eighty feet by twenty-three feet, and to be three stories liigli witli a basement. A hub and spoke factory is also (carried on at Hawley by J. Gr. Diamond. The first settlers of Wayne county came hither for the purpose of taking up lands for cultivation. Along the rivers and streams they were to a great extent diverted from their original purpose ])y engaging in MISCELLANEOUS, 403 the cutting, preparing, and running of luml)er to mar- ket, which business as they considered it more immedi- ately hicrative, was followed by the settlers on the Del- aware and Lackawaxen rivers. But the townships of Canaan, Salem, Sterling, Clinton, and Mount Pleasant gave greater attention to the improvement of their lands. When the most valuable timber was removed from the river townships, they turned their attention to the cultivation of the soil, and they have made rapid progress. Such is the case in the townships of Damascus, Preston, Manchester, Scott, and Cherry Ridge. The timber in those townships is becoming scarce, and resort must be had to the cultivation of the soil, to the raising of cattle, and to the dairy business, for which our natural grasses are peculiarly adapted. What the county needs is a more ready market for the gross articles of production, such as fruit, potatoes, etc. Every branch of manufacturing interest should therefore be encouraged and promoted for the purpose of supplying a home market. Many farmers are also raising their own wheat, thereby saving much money. When the lands were first cleared up they were rich in Jiiiimis^ potash, and phospliates, which have been exhausted by cultivation. Fifty or sixty years ago three hundred bushels of potatoes, fifty bushels of oats, and thirty bushels of rye to the acre, were not unusual crops. By the use of clover and plaster, and the judicious application of lime, phospliates, and other fertilizers, our farmers are struggling to restore the former fertilitv of their lands. It must be conceded 404 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. that niiicli greater crops of corn are now raised than were obtained in former times. Within a few years past the best stock has been l)rought into the county by the importation of the Aklerney and Jersey cattle. Anxious to avail themselves of every aid, our farmers have at different times organized agricultural societies. The present one was organized in 1862, and it owns the present pleasant fair-grounds upon the Dy berry, one and one-half miles north of Honesdale. By law the county pays from its treasury, yearly,$100 to the
society. It is supposed that it exercises a salutary in-
fluence upon the agricultural interest of the county.
In describing Honesdale we were led to notice the
Delaware & Hudson Canal and Railroad Company,
as it Avas tlie prime agent in starting the town into ex-
istence and the main artery which supplies it and the
country around with the sustaining force of life. With
equal propriety, the Pennsylvania Coal Company
might have been described in connection witli Palmy-
ra township. It is of sufficient importance to be sep-
arately described.
The company was organized in 1839, but the road
was not completed until 1850. It is a gravity road
w^orked by stationary engines for transportation of
coal mined by the company. No locomotive power is
used in operating it. The length of the main line
from Hawley to Port Griffith is forty-seven miles.
The gauge of the line is four feet three inches. In
1879, the average number of persons regularly em-
ployed by the company on its road and in its mines
MISCELLANEO US. 405
etc., including officials in Pennsylvania, amounted to
4,100. This road took to market, in 1850, 111,014
tons, and, in 1879, 1,372,759 tons of coal. Passen-
ger cars are rnii dailj from Dunmore to Ilawlej and
return. The coal is run from Hawlej by the Hawley
Branch of the Erie Railway to Lackawaxen, distant
lifteen and eighty-seven one-hundredth miles, and
thence by the Erie Railroad to New York. This
loaded and its light tracks widely diverge from each
other. The building and operation of this road have
l)een of great importance and value to Lake and Sa-
lem townships. The capital stock amounts to $5,000,- 000, and$600,000 dividends were paid the past year,
ducted. Its officers are George A. Hoyt, President,
Stamford, Connecticut; William E. Street, Secretary,
Darien, Connecticut ; Edwin H. Mead, Treasurer,
South Orange, N. J. ; Charles F. Southmayd, General
Solicitor, New York; John B. Smith, Chief Engineer,
General Manager, General Superintendent, and Divis-
ion Superintendent, Dunmore, Pa.
The population of Wayne and Pike counties in
1800 was 2,562 ; in 1810, 4,125. The population of
Wayne county, alone, in 1820, was 4,127; in 1830,
7,663; in 1840, 11,848; in 1850, 21,890; in 1860,
32,239; 1870, 33,188. The greatest increase was be-
tween 1820 and 1830, being eighty-five and six-tenths
per cent, gain, while the gain between 1860 and 1870
was scarcely three per cent. Although the late war was
406 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
between the latter periods, yet it is not reasonable to
suppose that it caused such a hiatus in tlie advance of
population. The census of 1880 will settle the ques-
tion.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
PIKE COUNTY.
THE Hon. George W. Woodward designed in his
contemplated history of Wayne county to include
the county of Pike. We should be pleased to do
what he proposed if we had space and the necessary
data wherewith to construct such a history. A long
journey through the county would be necessary to
gather up material for such a work, and a careful ex-
amination of the public records required. Milford,
the couuty seat of Pike county, should not be forgot-
ten. It was the first place where the first courts were
held, when Wayne and Pike were one. There Dan
Dimmick, the father of Melancthon Dimmick, Oliver
S. Dimmick, and William H. Dimmick, Sen., was first
admitted to the Bar, and he was entrusted with one-
half of the legal practice in the county for a long
course of years. His cotemporaries in practice were
Daniel Stroud, Job S. Halstead, John Ross, Thomas
PIKE COUNTY. 407
B. Dick, Hugh Ross, Daniel Grandin, and George
Wolf, who was twice governor of the State. There
afterwards lived Lewis Cornelius, the corpulent tavern-
keeper, who at one time weighed six hundred -and six-
ty-seven pounds. There was Dr. Francis A. Smith,
by birth an Austrian, and who was the first man that
was naturalized in the county, he being admitted a
citizen September 12, 1799. He was the father of
the two noted women, Mrs. Thomas Clark, and Mrs.
Jeffrey Wells. Milford is beautifully situated upon
the Delaware, has pure air and good w^ater, and is
noted for its salubrity. The excellence of the roads
up and down the river is widely known. We should
be pleased to give sketches of the original inhabitants,
some of whom were the Westbrooks, the YanAukens,
the Ridgways, the Nyces, the Newmans, the Watsons,
the Westfalls, the Motts, and many others. We should
like to follow the route where the old pioneers " colum-
bused " their way through the forests to Paupack and
then onward to Lackawanna and Wyoming valleys ;
and to contrast the present state of the country with
what it w^as then. Sixty years ago we traveled
that supposed old route. Beginning at Milford we
went to Blooming Grove, w^here Solomon Westbrook,
Esq., now keeps a hotel ; thence to Paupack Settle-
ment, from which all the old settlers and their chil-
dren have departed; thence through the Seven Mile
Woods, then a dense wilderness, now dotted with
houses and improvements, to Little Meadows; tlience
to Salem Corners, where Oliver Hamlin kept a store.
408 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
then onward through Salem township, which lias
greatly improved since that time, to John Cobb's, at
the foot of Moosic mountain ; thence, directly over
the mountain to Pliilip Swart's tavern, which had
been kept by Wm. Allsworth, the place being now in
Dunmore ; thence, turning to the left and going down-
ward, Ave came to Slocum Hollow, wliere were a saw^-
mill, grist-mill, foundry, and, we believe, a distillery,
now in the vicinity of the city of Scranton, which
city seems to us to liave been built by enchantment,
like the palace of the Princess Badroul Boudour.
There lived in or about Lackawanna valley, in those
days, the Slocums, Trips, Athertons, Coons, Griffins,
Phillipses, and the Benedicts. The old road, above
described, was the route taken ])y the original settlers
to reach the Lackawanna and Wyoming valleys. By
it they fled after the battle of Wyoming. The road
in former times was always a very bad one except
when frozen up in the winter, yet the travel upon it
was immense. All the travel between Wilkesbarre
and Milford on to Newburg was by or near that
been greatly improved and enlarged within sixty years
past.
In drawing this history to a close we would have it
understood that we never entertained the idea of writ-
ing it until we were past the age of three-score years
CONCL USION. 409
for our failing memory and inability to present facts
in an attractive dress. It wonld be very stranire if
the work should be found without errors and contra-
dictions. Many worthy persons and families, we are
well aware, have not been mentioned ; their history did
not come in our way. " One Cgesar lives, a thousand
are forgot." No one has been purposely neglected ;
\U) one spoken of disparagingly. Now, at the age of
seventy-six years, standing on the shore of that vast
ocean, over which we must soon sail, we bid our read-
ers an affectionate farewell.
THE END.
^
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https://handwiki.org/wiki/Markup_language
|
Markup language
Short description: Modern system for annotating a document
Example of RecipeBook, a simple language based on XML for creating recipes. The markup can be converted to HTML, PDF and Rich Text Format using a programming language or XSLT.
In computer text processing, a markup language is a system for annotating a document in a way that is visually distinguishable from the content.[1] It is used only to format the text, so that when the document is processed for display, the markup language does not appear.[2] The idea and terminology evolved from the "marking up" of paper manuscripts (i.e., the revision instructions by editors), which is traditionally written with a red pen or blue pencil on authors' manuscripts.[3] Such "markup" typically includes both content corrections (such as spelling, punctuation, or movement of content), and also typographic instructions, such as to make a heading larger or boldface.
In digital media, this "blue pencil instruction text" was replaced by tags which ideally indicate what the parts of the document are, rather than details of how they might be shown on some display. This lets authors avoid formatting every instance of the same kind of thing redundantly (and possibly inconsistently). It also avoids the specification of fonts and dimensions which may not apply to many users (such as those with different-size displays, impaired vision and screen-reading software).
Early markup systems typically included typesetting instructions, as troff, TeX and LaTeX do, while Scribe and most modern markup systems name components, and later process those names to apply formatting or other processing, as in the case of XML.
Some markup languages, such as the widely used HTML, have pre-defined presentation semantics—meaning that their specification prescribes some aspects of how to present the structured data on particular media. HTML, like DocBook, Open eBook, JATS and countless others, is a specific application of the markup meta-languages SGML and XML. That is, SGML and XML enable users to specify particular schemas, which determine just what elements, attributes, and other features are permitted, and where.
One extremely important characteristic of most markup languages is that they allow mixing markup directly into text streams. This happens all the time in documents: A few words in a sentence must be emphasized, or identified as a proper name, defined term, or other special item. This is quite different structurally from traditional databases, where it is by definition impossible to have data that is (for example) within a record, but not within any field. Likewise, markup for natural language texts must maintain ordering: it would not suffice to make each paragraph of a book into a "paragraph" record, where those records do not maintain order.
Etymology
The noun markup is derived from the traditional publishing practice called "marking up" a manuscript,[4] which involves adding handwritten annotations in the form of conventional symbolic printer's instructions — in the margins and the text of a paper or a printed manuscript.
For centuries, this task was done primarily by skilled typographers known as "markup men"[5] or "d markers"[6] who marked up text to indicate what typeface, style, and size should be applied to each part, and then passed the manuscript to others for typesetting by hand or machine.
Markup was also commonly applied by editors, proofreaders, publishers, and graphic designers, and indeed by document authors, all of whom might also mark other things, such as corrections, changes, etc.
Types of markup language
There are three main general categories of electronic markup, articulated in Coombs, Renear and De Rose (1987),[7] and Bray (2003).[8]
Presentational markup
The kind of markup used by traditional word-processing systems: binary codes embedded within document text that produce the WYSIWYG ("what you see is what you get") effect. Such markup is usually hidden from the human users, even authors and editors. Properly speaking, such systems use procedural and/or descriptive markup underneath, but convert it to "present" to the user as geometric arrangements of type.
Procedural markup
Markup is embedded in text which provides instructions for programs to process the text. Well-known examples include troff, TeX, and PostScript. It is expected that the processor will run through the text from beginning to end, following the instructions as encountered. Text with such markup is often edited with the markup visible and directly manipulated by the author. Popular procedural markup systems usually include programming constructs, and macros or subroutines are commonly defined so that complex sets of instructions can be invoked by a simple name (and perhaps a few parameters). This is much faster, less error-prone, and maintenance-friendly than re-stating the same or similar instructions in many places.
Descriptive markup
Markup is specifically used to label parts of the document for what they are, rather than how they should be processed. Well-known systems that provide many such labels include LaTeX, HTML, and XML. The objective is to decouple the structure of the document from any particular treatment or rendition of it. Such markup is often described as "semantic". An example of a descriptive markup would be HTML's <cite> tag, which is used to label a citation. Descriptive markup — sometimes called logical markup or conceptual markup — encourages authors to write in a way that describes the material conceptually, rather than visually.[9]
There is considerable blurring of the lines between the types of markup. In modern word-processing systems, presentational markup is often saved in descriptive-markup-oriented systems such as XML, and then processed procedurally by implementations. The programming in procedural-markup systems, such as TeX, may be used to create higher-level markup systems that are more descriptive in nature, such as LaTeX.
In the recent years, a number of small and largely unstandardized markup languages have been developed to allow authors to create formatted text via web browsers, such as the ones used in wikis and in web forums. These are sometimes called lightweight markup languages. Markdown, BBCode, and the markup language used by Wikipedia are examples of such languages.
History of markup languages
GenCode
The first well-known public presentation of markup languages in computer text processing was made by William W. Tunnicliffe at a conference in 1967, although he preferred to call it generic coding. It can be seen as a response to the emergence of programs such as RUNOFF that each used their own control notations, often specific to the target typesetting device. In the 1970s, Tunnicliffe led the development of a standard called GenCode for the publishing industry and later was the first chairman of the International Organization for Standardization committee that created SGML, the first standard descriptive markup language. Book designer Stanley Rice published speculation along similar lines in 1970.[10]
Brian Reid, in his 1980 dissertation at Carnegie Mellon University, developed the theory and a working implementation of descriptive markup in actual use. However, IBM researcher Charles Goldfarb is more commonly seen today as the "father" of markup languages. Goldfarb hit upon the basic idea while working on a primitive document management system intended for law firms in 1969, and helped invent IBM GML later that same year. GML was first publicly disclosed in 1973.
In 1975, Goldfarb moved from Cambridge, Massachusetts to Silicon Valley and became a product planner at the IBM Almaden Research Center. There, he convinced IBM's executives to deploy GML commercially in 1978 as part of IBM's Document Composition Facility product, and it was widely used in business within a few years.
SGML, which was based on both GML and GenCode, was an ISO project worked on by Goldfarb beginning in 1974.[11] Goldfarb eventually became chair of the SGML committee. SGML was first released by ISO as the ISO 8879 standard in October 1986.
troff and nroff
Some early examples of computer markup languages available outside the publishing industry can be found in typesetting tools on Unix systems such as troff and nroff. In these systems, formatting commands were inserted into the document text so that typesetting software could format the text according to the editor's specifications. It was a trial and error iterative process to get a document printed correctly.[12] Availability of WYSIWYG ("what you see is what you get") publishing software supplanted much use of these languages among casual users, though serious publishing work still uses markup to specify the non-visual structure of texts, and WYSIWYG editors now usually save documents in a markup-language-based format.
TeX for formulas
Another major publishing standard is TeX, created and refined by Donald Knuth in the 1970s and '80s. TeX concentrated on detailed layout of text and font descriptions to typeset mathematical books. This required Knuth to spend considerable time investigating the art of typesetting. TeX is mainly used in academia, where it is a de facto standard in many scientific disciplines. A TeX macro package known as LaTeX provides a descriptive markup system on top of TeX, and is widely used both among the scientific community and the publishing industry.
Scribe, GML and SGML
Main pages: Scribe (markup language), IBM Generalized Markup Language, and Standard Generalized Markup Language
The first language to make a clean distinction between structure and presentation was Scribe, developed by Brian Reid and described in his doctoral thesis in 1980.[13] Scribe was revolutionary in a number of ways, not least that it introduced the idea of styles separated from the marked up document, and of a grammar controlling the usage of descriptive elements. Scribe influenced the development of Generalized Markup Language (later SGML),[14] and is a direct ancestor to HTML and LaTeX.[15]
In the early 1980s, the idea that markup should focus on the structural aspects of a document and leave the visual presentation of that structure to the interpreter led to the creation of SGML. The language was developed by a committee chaired by Goldfarb. It incorporated ideas from many different sources, including Tunnicliffe's project, GenCode. Sharon Adler, Anders Berglund, and James A. Marke were also key members of the SGML committee.
SGML specified a syntax for including the markup in documents, as well as one for separately describing what tags were allowed, and where (the Document Type Definition (DTD), later known as a schema). This allowed authors to create and use any markup they wished, selecting tags that made the most sense to them and were named in their own natural languages, while also allowing automated verification. Thus, SGML is properly a meta-language, and many particular markup languages are derived from it. From the late '80s onward, most substantial new markup languages have been based on the SGML system, including for example TEI and DocBook. SGML was promulgated as an International Standard by International Organization for Standardization, ISO 8879, in 1986.[16]
SGML found wide acceptance and use in fields with very large-scale documentation requirements. However, many found it cumbersome and difficult to learn — a side effect of its design attempting to do too much and to be too flexible. For example, SGML made end tags (or start-tags, or even both) optional in certain contexts, because its developers thought markup would be done manually by overworked support staff who would appreciate saving keystrokes.
HTML
Main page: HTML
In 1989, computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system,[17] then specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in the last part of 1990. The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first mentioned on the Internet by Berners-Lee in late 1991.[18][19] It describes 18 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house SGML-based documentation format at CERN, and very similar to the sample schema in the SGML standard. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4.[20]
Berners-Lee considered HTML an SGML application. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) formally defined it as such with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification: "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet-Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly, which included an SGML Document Type Definition to define the grammar.[21] Many of the HTML text elements are found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML, which in turn covers the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the RUNOFF command developed in the early 1960s for the CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System) operating system. These formatting commands were derived from those used by typesetters to manually format documents. Steven DeRose[22] argues that HTML's use of descriptive markup (and influence of SGML in particular) was a major factor in the success of the Web, because of the flexibility and extensibility that it enabled. HTML became the main markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser, and is quite likely the most used markup language in the world today.
XML
Main page: XML
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a meta markup language that is very widely used. XML was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium, in a committee created and chaired by Jon Bosak. The main purpose of XML was to simplify SGML by focusing on a particular problem — documents on the Internet.[23] XML remains a meta-language like SGML, allowing users to create any tags needed (hence "extensible") and then describing those tags and their permitted uses.
XML adoption was helped because every XML document can be written in such a way that it is also an SGML document, and existing SGML users and software could switch to XML fairly easily. However, XML eliminated many of the more complex features of SGML to simplify implementation environments such as documents and publications. It appeared to strike a happy medium between simplicity and flexibility, as well as supporting very robust schema definition and validation tools, and was rapidly adopted for many other uses. XML is now widely used for communicating data between applications, for serializing program data, for hardware communications protocols, vector graphics, and many other uses as well as documents.
XHTML
Main page: XHTML
Since January 2000, all W3C Recommendations for HTML have been based on XML rather than SGML, using the abbreviation XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language). The language specification requires that XHTML Web documents must be well-formed XML documents. This allows for more rigorous and robust documents while using tags familiar from HTML.
One of the most noticeable differences between HTML and XHTML is the rule that all tags must be closed: empty HTML tags such as <br> must either be closed with a regular end-tag, or replaced by a special form: <br /> (the space before the '/' on the end tag is optional, but frequently used because it enables some pre-XML Web browsers, and SGML parsers, to accept the tag). Another is that all attribute values in tags must be quoted. Finally, all tag and attribute names within the XHTML namespace must be lowercase to be valid. HTML, on the other hand, was case-insensitive.
Other XML-based applications
Many XML-based applications now exist, including the Resource Description Framework as RDF/XML, XForms, DocBook, SOAP, and the Web Ontology Language (OWL). For a partial list of these, see List of XML markup languages.
Features of markup languages
A common feature of many markup languages is that they intermix the text of a document with markup instructions in the same data stream or file. This is not necessary; it is possible to isolate markup from text content, using pointers, offsets, IDs, or other methods to co-ordinate the two. Such "standoff markup" is typical for the internal representations that programs use to work with marked-up documents. However, embedded or "inline" markup is much more common elsewhere. Here, for example, is a small section of text marked up in HTML:
<h1>Anatidae</h1>
<p>
The family <i>Anatidae</i> includes ducks, geese, and swans,
but <em>not</em> the closely related screamers.
</p>
The codes enclosed in angle-brackets <like this> are markup instructions (known as tags), while the text between these instructions is the actual text of the document. The codes h1, p, and em are examples of semantic markup, in that they describe the intended purpose or the meaning of the text they include. Specifically, h1 means "this is a first-level heading", p means "this is a paragraph", and em means "this is an emphasized word or phrase". A program interpreting such structural markup may apply its own rules or styles for presenting the various pieces of text, using different typefaces, boldness, font size, indentation, colour, or other styles, as desired. For example, a tag such as "h1" (header level 1) might be presented in a large bold sans-serif typeface in an article, or it might be underscored in a monospaced (typewriter-style) document – or it might simply not change the presentation at all.
In contrast, the i tag in HTML 4 is an example of presentational markup, which is generally used to specify a particular characteristic of the text without specifying the reason for that appearance. In this case, the i element dictates the use of an italic typeface. However, in HTML 5, this element has been repurposed with a more semantic usage: to denote a span of text in an alternate voice or mood, or otherwise offset from the normal prose in a manner indicating a different quality of text. For example, it is appropriate to use the i element to indicate a taxonomic designation or a phrase in another language.[24] The change was made to ease the transition from HTML 4 to HTML 5 as smoothly as possible, so that deprecated uses of presentational elements would preserve the most likely intended semantics.
The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) has published extensive guidelines[25] for how to encode texts of interest in the humanities and social sciences, developed through years of international cooperative work. These guidelines are used by projects encoding historical documents, the works of particular scholars, periods, or genres, and so on.
Language
While the idea of markup language originated with text documents, there is increasing use of markup languages in the presentation of other types of information, including playlists, vector graphics, web services, content syndication, and user interfaces. Most of these are XML applications, because XML is a well-defined and extensible language.
The use of XML has also led to the possibility of combining multiple markup languages into a single profile, like XHTML+SMIL and XHTML+MathML+SVG.[26]
References
1. Microsoft Office Inside Out: 2013 Edition. Pearson Education. 2013. p. 305. ISBN 978-0735669062. "...Some reviewers prefer going old school by using a red pen on printed output...."
2. CHEN, XinYing (2011). "Central nodes of the Chinese syntactic networks". Chinese Science Bulletin 56 (10): 735–740. doi:10.1360/972010-2369. ISSN 0023-074X.
3. Allan Woods, Modern Newspaper Production (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), 85; Stewart Harral, Profitable Public Relations for Newspapers (Ann Arbor: J.W. Edwards, 1957), 76; and Chiarella v. United States, 445 U.S. 222 (1980).
4. From the Notebooks of H.J.H & D.H.A on Composition, Kingsport Press Inc., undated (1960s).
5. Coombs, James H.; Renear, Allen H.; DeRose, Steven J. (November 1987). "Markup systems and the future of scholarly text processing". Communications of the ACM 30 (11): 933–947. doi:10.1145/32206.32209.
6.
7. Michael Downes."TEX and LATEX 2e"
8. Rice, Stanley. “Editorial Text Structures (with some relations to information structures and format controls in computerized composition).” American National Standards Institute, March 17, 1970.
9. Daniel Gilly. Unix in a nutshell: Chapter 12. Nroff and Troff. O'Reilly Books, 1992. ISBN:1-56592-001-5
10. Reid, Brian. "Scribe: A Document Specification Language and its Compiler." Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA. Also available as Technical Report CMU-CS-81-100.
11. HTML is a particular instance of SGML, whereas LaTeX is designed with the separation-between-content-and-design philosophy of Scribe in mind.
12. Tim Berners-Lee, "Information Management: A Proposal." CERN (March 1989, May 1990). W3.org
13. "Tags used in HTML". World Wide Web Consortium. November 3, 1992.
14. "First mention of HTML Tags on the www-talk mailing list". World Wide Web Consortium. October 29, 1991.
15. "Index of elements in HTML 4". World Wide Web Consortium. December 24, 1999.
16. Tim Berners-Lee (December 9, 1991). "Re: SGML/HTML docs, X Browser (archived www-talk mailing list post)". "SGML is very general. HTML is a specific application of the SGML basic syntax applied to hypertext documents with simple structure."
17. DeRose, Steven J. "The SGML FAQ Book." Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997. ISBN:0-7923-9943-9
18.
19. An XHTML + MathML + SVG Profile. W3C. August 9, 2002. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
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https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Direction_of_Force_and_Acceleration
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# The Direction of Force and Acceleration
Non-Newtonian Mechanics :— The Direction of Force and Acceleration.
By Richard C. Tolman, Ph.D., Instructor in Physical Chemistry at the University of Michigan[1].
If force is defined as the rate of increase of momentum, the equation
$\mathsf{F}=\frac{d}{dt}(m\mathsf{u})=m\frac{d\mathsf{u}}{dt}+\frac{dm}{dt}\mathsf{u}$ (1)
allows for a change in mass as well as a change in velocity. This is the fundamental equation of non-Newtonian mechanics[2].
It has been shown from the principle of relativity[3] that the mass of a moving body is given by the equation
$m=\frac{m_{0}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}},$
where $m_0$ is the mass of the body at rest and $c$ is the velocity of light. Substituting in equation (1) we obtain
$\mathsf{F}=\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{m_{0}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}\mathsf{u}\right)=\frac{m_{0}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}\frac{d\mathsf{u}}{dt}+\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{m_{0}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}\right)\mathsf{u}$ (2)
From an inspection of equations (1) and (2) it is evident that the force acting on a body is equal to the sum of two vectors, one of which is in the direction of the acceleration $d\mathsf{u}/dt$ and the other in the direction of the existing velocity u, so that in general the force and the acceleration it produces are not in the same direction. If the force which does produce acceleration in a given direction he resolved perpendicular and parallel to the acceleration, it may be shown that the two components are connected by a definite relation.
Relation between the Components of Force Parallel and Perpendicular to the Acceleration.
Consider a body (fig. 1) moving with the velocity
$\mathsf{u}=u_{x}\mathsf{i}+u_{y}\mathsf{j}.$
Let it be accelerated in the Y direction by the action of the component forces $\mathsf{F}_{y}$ and $\mathsf{F}_{x}$.
From equation (2) we have
$\mathsf{F}_{x}=\frac{m_{0}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}\frac{du_{x}}{dt}+\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{m_{0}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}\right)u_{x}$ (3)
$\mathsf{F}_{y}=\frac{m_{0}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}\frac{du_{y}}{dt}+\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{m_{0}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}\right)u_{y}$ (4)
Introducing the condition that there is no acceleration in the X direction, which makes $du_{x}/dt=0$, further noting that $u^{2}=u_{x}^{2}+u_{y}^{2}$, by the division of equation (3) by (4) we obtain
$\frac{\mathsf{F}_{x}}{\mathsf{F}_{y}}=\frac{u_{x}u_{y}}{c^{2}-u_{x}^{2}},$
$\mathsf{F}_{x}=\frac{u_{x}u_{y}}{c^{2}-u_{x}^{2}}\mathsf{F}_{y}$ (5)
Hence in order to accelerate a body in a given direction, we may apply any force $\mathsf{F}_{y}$ in the desired direction, but must at the same time apply at right angles another force $\mathsf{F}_{x}$ whose magnitude is given by equation (5).
From a qualitative consideration, it is also possible to see the necessity of a component of force, perpendicular to the desired acceleration. Referring again to fig. 1, since the body is being accelerated in the Y direction, its total velocity and hence its mass are increasing. This increasing mass is accompanied by increasing momentum in the X direction even when the velocity in that direction remains constant. The component force $\mathsf{F}_{x}$ is necessary for the production of this increase in X-momentum.
In predicting the path of moving electrons with the help of the fifth equation of electromagnetic theory, $\mathsf{F}=\mathsf{E}+\frac{1}{c}\mathsf{v}\times\mathsf{H},$, we find an interesting application of equation (5).
Application in Electromagnetic Theory.
Consider a charge $\epsilon$ constrained to move in the X direction with the velocity $v$ and let it be the origin of a system of moving coordinates Y$\epsilon$X (fig. 2). Suppose now a test electron $t$, of unit charge, situated at the point $x=0$, $y=y$,
moving in the X direction with the same velocity $v$ as the charge $\epsilon$, and also having a component velocity in the Y direction $u_y$. Let us predict the nature of its motion under the influence of the charge $\epsilon$.
The moving charge $\epsilon$ will be surrounded by electric and magnetic fields whose intensities at any point are given by the following expressions[4], obtained by integrating Maxwell’s four field equations, for the case of a moving point charger,-
$\mathsf{E}=\left(1-\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)\frac{\epsilon\mathsf{R}}{\mathsf{R}^{3}\left(1-\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\sin^{2}\psi\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ (6)
$\mathsf{H}=\frac{1}{c}\mathsf{v}\times\mathsf{E},$ (7)
where R is the radius vector connecting the moving charge with the point in question and $\psi$ is the angle between R and v.
For the field acting on the test electron $t$, situated at the point $x=0$, $y=y$, we may substitute $\mathsf{R}=y\mathsf{j}$ and $\sin\psi=1$, giving us,
$\mathsf{E}=\frac{\epsilon}{y^{2}\left(1-\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}}\mathsf{j}$ (8)
and
$\mathsf{H}=\frac{v}{c}\frac{\epsilon}{y^{2}\left(1-\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}}\mathsf{k},$ (9)
substituting into the fifth fundamental equation of electromagnetic theory,
$\mathsf{F}=\mathsf{E}+\frac{1}{c}\mathsf{v}\times\mathsf{H},$ (10)
we obtain the force acting on the unit test electron $t$.
[Note in the above equation that v, the velocity of the electron, is for our case $v\mathsf{i}+u_{y}\mathsf{j}$.]
$\mathsf{F}=\frac{\epsilon}{y^{2}\left(1-\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}}\mathsf{j}-\frac{1}{c^{2}}\frac{v^{2}\epsilon}{y^{2}\left(1-\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}}\mathsf{j}+\frac{1}{c^{2}}\frac{v^{2}u_{y}\epsilon}{y^{2}\left(1-\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}}i,$ (11)
or
$\mathsf{F}_{x}=\frac{\epsilon}{y^{2}\left(1-\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}}\frac{vu_{y}}{c^{2}},$ (12)
$\mathsf{F}_{y}=\frac{\epsilon}{y^{2}\left(1-\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}}\left(1-\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)$ (13)
Under the action of the component force $\mathsf{F}_{x}$ we might at first sight expect the electron $t$ to aquire an acceleration in the X direction: Such condition, however, would not be in agreement with the principle of relativity, since from the point of view of an observer who is moving along with the charge $\epsilon$, the phenomenon is merely one of ordinary electrostatic repulsion and the test electron should experience no change in velocity in the X direction but should be accelerated merely in the Y direction.
If, however, we divide equation (12) by (13) we obtain
$\mathsf{F}_{x}=\frac{vu_{y}}{c^{2}-v^{2}}\mathsf{F}_{y},$ (14)
which agrees with equation (5), the necessary relation for zero acceleration in the X direction. The application of equation (5) thus removes a discrepancy which could not be accounted for in any system of mechanics in which force and acceleration are in the same direction.
Summary.
For non-Newtonian mechanics, it has been pointed out that force and the acceleration it produces are not in general in the same direction. A definite relation (equation 5) has been derived connecting the components of force parallel and perpendicular to the acceleration. For a special problem, the application of this relation has removed an apparent discrepancy between the predictions based on the electromagnetic theory and on the principle of relativity.
Ann Arbor, Mich.
March 25th, 1911.
1. Communicated by the Author.
2. This definition of force was first used by Lewis (Phil. Mag. xvi. p. 705 (1908)). In Einstein‘s later treatment of the principle of relativity, Jahrbuch der Radioktivität, iv. p. 411 (1907), he defines force by the equations
$\mathsf{F}_{x}=\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{m_{0}u_{x}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}\right),\ \mathsf{F}_{y}=\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{m_{0}u_{y}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}\right),\ \mathsf{F}_{z}=\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{m_{0}u_{z}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}\right).$
He there states that this definition has in general no physical meaning. We see, however, that these are merely the scalar equations corresponding to equation (2) above and hence derivable from equation (1), which is an obvious definition of force and has a physical meaning. In further support of this definition of force, it has recently been pointed out by the writer, Phil. Mag. xxi. p. 296 (1911), that, combined with the principle of relativity, it leads to a derivation of the fifth fundamental equation of electromagnetic theory in its exact form
$\mathsf{F}=\mathsf{E}+\frac{1}{c}\mathsf{v}\times\mathsf{H},$
there being no necessity for distinguishing between longitudinal and transverse mass.
3. Lewis & Tolman, Proc. Amer. Acad. xliv. p. 711 (1909); Phil. Mag. p. 510 (1909).
4. Abraham, Theorie der Elektrizität, vol. ii. p. 86 et seq. (B. G. Teubner, Leipzig and Berlin, 1908).
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1923.
The author died in 1948, so this work is also in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 60 years or less. This work may also be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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http://math.libretexts.org/TextMaps/Precalculus_Textmaps/Map%3A_Precalculus_(OpenStax)/01%3A_Functions/1.6%3A_Absolute_Value_Functions
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# 1.6: Absolute Value Functions
Until the 1920s, the so-called spiral nebulae were believed to be clouds of dust and gas in our own galaxy, some tens of thousands of light years away. Then, astronomer Edwin Hubble proved that these objects are galaxies in their own right, at distances of millions of light years. Today, astronomers can detect galaxies that are billions of light years away. Distances in the universe can be measured in all directions. As such, it is useful to consider distance as an absolute value function. In this section, we will investigate absolute value functions.
Figure 1.6.1: Distances in deep space can be measured in all directions. As such, it is useful to consider distance in terms of absolute values. (credit: "s58y"/Flickr)
### Understanding Absolute Value
Recall that in its basic form $$f(x)=|x|$$, the absolute value function, is one of our toolkit functions. The absolute value function is commonly thought of as providing the distance the number is from zero on a number line. Algebraically, for whatever the input value is, the output is the value without regard to sign.
Absolute value function
The absolute value function can be defined as a piecewise function
$f(x)=|x|= \begin{cases} x & \text{ if }x{\geq}0 \\ -x & \text{ if } x<0 \end{cases}$
Example 1.6.1: Determine a Number within a Prescribed Distance
Describe all values $$x$$ within or including a distance of 4 from the number 5.
Solution
We want the distance between $$x$$ and 5 to be less than or equal to 4. We can draw a number line, such as the one in , to represent the condition to be satisfied.
Figure 1.6.2: Number line describing the difference of the distance of 4 away from 5
The distance from $$x$$ to 5 can be represented using the absolute value as $$|x−5|$$. We want the values of $$x$$ that satisfy the condition $$| x−5 |\leq4$$.
Analysis
Note that
\begin{align} -4&{\leq}x-5 & x-5&\leq4 \\1&{\leq}x & x&{\leq}9 \end{align}
So $$|x−5|\leq4$$ is equivalent to $$1{\leq}x\leq9$$.
However, mathematicians generally prefer absolute value notation.
1.6.1: Describe all values $$x$$ within a distance of 3 from the number 2.
Solution
$$|x−2|\leq3$$
Example 1.6.2: Resistance of a Resistor
Electrical parts, such as resistors and capacitors, come with specified values of their operating parameters: resistance, capacitance, etc. However, due to imprecision in manufacturing, the actual values of these parameters vary somewhat from piece to piece, even when they are supposed to be the same. The best that manufacturers can do is to try to guarantee that the variations will stay within a specified range, often ±1%, ±5%, or ±10%.
Suppose we have a resistor rated at 680 ohms, ±5%. Use the absolute value function to express the range of possible values of the actual resistance.
Solution
5% of 680 ohms is 34 ohms. The absolute value of the difference between the actual and nominal resistance should not exceed the stated variability, so, with the resistance $$R$$ in ohms,
$|R−680|\leq34$
1.6.2: Students who score within 20 points of 80 will pass a test. Write this as a distance from 80 using absolute value notation.
Solution
Using the variable $$p$$ for passing, $$| p−80 |\leq20$$
### Graphing an Absolute Value Function
The most significant feature of the absolute value graph is the corner point at which the graph changes direction. This point is shown at the origin in Figure 1.6.3.
Figure 1.6.3: Graph of an absolute function.
Figure 1.6.4 shows the graph of $$y=2|x–3|+4$$. The graph of $$y=|x|$$ has been shifted right 3 units, vertically stretched by a factor of 2, and shifted up 4 units. This means that the corner point is located at $$(3,4)$$ for this transformed function.
Figure 1.6.4: Graph of the different types of transformations for an absolute function.
Example 1.6.3: Writing an Equation for an Absolute Value Function
Write an equation for the function graphed in Figure 1.6.5.
Figure 1.6.5: Graph of an absolute function.
Solution
The basic absolute value function changes direction at the origin, so this graph has been shifted to the right 3 units and down 2 units from the basic toolkit function. See Figure 1.6.6.
Figure 1.6.6: Graph of two transformations for an absolute function at $$(3, -2)$$.
We also notice that the graph appears vertically stretched, because the width of the final graph on a horizontal line is not equal to 2 times the vertical distance from the corner to this line, as it would be for an unstretched absolute value function. Instead, the width is equal to 1 times the vertical distance as shown in Figure 1.6.7.
Figure 1.6.7: Graph of two transformations for an absolute function at $$(3, -2)$$ and the ratios between the two different transformations.
From this information we can write the equation
\begin{align} f(x)&=2|x-3|-2, &\text{treating the stretch as a vertial stretch, or} \\ f(x)&=|2(x-3)|-2, &\text{treating the stretch as a horizontal compression.} \end{align}
Analysis
Note that these equations are algebraically equivalent—the stretch for an absolute value function can be written interchangeably as a vertical or horizontal stretch or compression.
If we couldn’t observe the stretch of the function from the graphs, could we algebraically determine it?
Yes. If we are unable to determine the stretch based on the width of the graph, we can solve for the stretch factor by putting in a known pair of values for $$x$$ and $$f(x)$$.
$f(x)=a|x−3|−2$
Now substituting in the point $$(1, 2)$$
\begin{align} 2&=a|1-3|-2 \\ 4&=2a \\ a&=2 \end{align}
1.6.3: Write the equation for the absolute value function that is horizontally shifted left 2 units, is vertically flipped, and vertically shifted up 3 units.
Solution
$$f(x)=−| x+2 |+3$$
Do the graphs of absolute value functions always intersect the vertical axis? The horizontal axis?
Yes, they always intersect the vertical axis. The graph of an absolute value function will intersect the vertical axis when the input is zero.
No, they do not always intersect the horizontal axis. The graph may or may not intersect the horizontal axis, depending on how the graph has been shifted and reflected. It is possible for the absolute value function to intersect the horizontal axis at zero, one, or two points (see Figure 1.6.8).
Figure 1.6.8: (a) The absolute value function does not intersect the horizontal axis. (b) The absolute value function intersects the horizontal axis at one point. (c) The absolute value function intersects the horizontal axis at two points.
### Solving an Absolute Value Equation
Now that we can graph an absolute value function, we will learn how to solve an absolute value equation. To solve an equation such as $$8=|2x−6|$$, we notice that the absolute value will be equal to 8 if the quantity inside the absolute value is 8 or -8. This leads to two different equations we can solve independently.
$2x-6=8 \text{ or } 2x-6=-8$
\begin{align} 2x&=14 & 2x&=-2 \\x&=7 & x&=-1 \end{align}
Knowing how to solve problems involving absolute value functions is useful. For example, we may need to identify numbers or points on a line that are at a specified distance from a given reference point.
An absolute value equation is an equation in which the unknown variable appears in absolute value bars. For example,
$|x|=4,$
$|2x−1|=3,$
$|5x+2|−4=9,$
Solutions to Absolute Value Equations
For real numbers $$A$$ and $$B$$, an equation of the form $$|A|=B$$, with $$B\geq0$$, will have solutions when $$A=B$$ or $$A=−B$$. If $$B<0$$, the equation $$|A|=B$$ has no solution.
Given the formula for an absolute value function, find the horizontal intercepts of its graph.
1. Isolate the absolute value term.
2. Use $$|A|=B$$ to write $$A=B$$ or $$−A=B$$, assuming $$B>0$$.
3. Solve for $$x$$.
Example 1.6.4: Finding the Zeros of an Absolute Value Function
For the function $$f(x)=|4x+1|−7$$, find the values of $$x$$ such that $$f(x)=0$$.
Solution
\begin{align} 0&=|4x+1|-7 & & &\text{Substitute 0 for f(x).} \\ 7&=|4x+1| & & &\text{Isolate the absolute value on one side of the equation.} \\ 7&=4x+1 &\text{or} -7&=4x+1 &\text{Break into two separate equations and solve.} \\ 6&=4x & -8&=4x & \\ x&=\frac{6}{4}=1.5 & x&=\frac{-8}{4}=-2 \end{align}
The function outputs 0 when $$x=1.5$$ or $$x=−2$$. See Figure 1.6.8.
Figure 1.6.8: Graph of an absolute function with x-intercepts at -2 and 1.5.
1.6.4: For the function $$f(x)=|2x−1|−3$$,find the values of $$x$$ such that $$f(x)=0$$.
Solution
$$x=−1$$ or $$x=2$$
Should we always expect two answers when solving $$|A|=B$$?
No. We may find one, two, or even no answers. For example, there is no solution to $$2+|3x−5|=1$$.
Given an absolute value equation, solve it.
1. Isolate the absolute value term.
2. Use $$|A|=B$$ to write $$A=B$$ or $$A=−B$$.
3. Solve for $$x$$.
Example 1.6.5: Solving an Absolute Value Equation
Solve $$1=4|x−2|+2$$.
Solution
Isolating the absolute value on one side of the equation gives the following.
\begin{align} 1&=4|x-2|+2 \\ -1&=4|x-2| \\ -\frac{1}{4}&=|x-2| \end{align}
The absolute value always returns a positive value, so it is impossible for the absolute value to equal a negative value. At this point, we notice that this equation has no solutions.
In example 1.6.3, if $$f(x)=1$$ and $$g(x)=4|x−2|+2$$ were graphed on the same set of axes, would the graphs intersect?
No. The graphs of $$f$$ and $$g$$ would not intersect, as shown in Figure 1.6.9. This confirms, graphically, that the equation $$1=4|x−2|+2$$ has no solution.
Figure 1.6.9: Graph of $$g(x)=4|x-2|+2$$ and $$f(x)=1$$.
Find where the graph of the function $$f(x)=−| x+2 |+3$$ intersects the horizontal and vertical axes.
$$f(0)=1$$, so the graph intersects the vertical axis at $$(0,1)$$. $$f(x)=0$$ when $$x=−5$$ and $$x=1$$ so the graph intersects the horizontal axis at $$(−5,0)$$ and $$(1,0)$$.
### Solving an Absolute Value Inequality
Absolute value equations may not always involve equalities. Instead, we may need to solve an equation within a range of values. We would use an absolute value inequality to solve such an equation. An absolute value inequality is an equation of the form
$|A|<B,\;|A|{\leq}B,|A|>B, \text{ or } |A|{\geq}B$,
where an expression $$A$$ (and possibly but not usually $$B$$) depends on a variable $$x$$. Solving the inequality means finding the set of all $$x$$ that satisfy the inequality. Usually this set will be an interval or the union of two intervals.
There are two basic approaches to solving absolute value inequalities: graphical and algebraic. The advantage of the graphical approach is we can read the solution by interpreting the graphs of two functions. The advantage of the algebraic approach is it yields solutions that may be difficult to read from the graph.
For example, we know that all numbers within 200 units of 0 may be expressed as
$|x|<200 \text{ or } −200<x<200$
Suppose we want to know all possible returns on an investment if we could earn some amount of money within $200 of$600. We can solve algebraically for the set of values $$x$$ such that the distance between $$x$$ and 600 is less than 200. We represent the distance between $$x$$ and 600 as $$|x−600|$$.
$|x−600|<200 \text{ or } −200<x−600<200$
$−200+600<x−600+600<200+600$
$400<x<800$
This means our returns would be between $400 and$800.
Sometimes an absolute value inequality problem will be presented to us in terms of a shifted and/or stretched or compressed absolute value function, where we must determine for which values of the input the function’s output will be negative or positive.
Given an absolute value inequality of the form $$|x−A|{\leq}B$$ for real numbers $$a$$ and $$b$$ where $$b$$ is positive, solve the absolute value inequality algebraically.
1. Find boundary points by solving $$|x−A|=B$$.
2. Test intervals created by the boundary points to determine where $$|x−A|{\leq}B$$.
3. Write the interval or union of intervals satisfying the inequality in interval, inequality, or set-builder notation.
Example 1.6.6: Solving an Absolute Value Inequality
Solve $$|x −5|{\leq}4$$.
Solution
With both approaches, we will need to know first where the corresponding equality is true. In this case we first will find where $$|x−5|=4$$. We do this because the absolute value is a function with no breaks, so the only way the function values can switch from being less than 4 to being greater than 4 is by passing through where the values equal 4. Solve $$|x−5|=4$$.
\begin{align} x−5&=4 &\text{ or }\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; x&=9 \\ x−5&=−4 & x&=1\end{align}
After determining that the absolute value is equal to 4 at $$x=1$$ and $$x=9$$, we know the graph can change only from being less than 4 to greater than 4 at these values. This divides the number line up into three intervals:
$x<1,\; 1<x<9, \text{ and } x>9.$
To determine when the function is less than 4, we could choose a value in each interval and see if the output is less than or greater than 4, as shown in Table 1.6.1.
Interval test $$x$$ $$f(x)$$ 68 $$x<1$$ 0 $$|0-5|=5$$ Greater than $$19$$ 11 $$|11-5|=6$$ Greater than
Table 1.6.1
Because $$1{\leq}x{\leq}9$$ is the only interval in which the output at the test value is less than 4, we can conclude that the solution to $$|x−5|{\leq}4$$ is $$1{\leq}x{\leq}9$$, or $$[1,9]$$.
To use a graph, we can sketch the function $$f(x)=|x−5|$$. To help us see where the outputs are 4, the line $$g(x)=4$$ could also be sketched as in Figure 1.6.10.
Figure 1.6.10: Graph to find the points satisfying an absolute value inequality.
We can see the following:
• The output values of the absolute value are equal to 4 at $$x=1$$ and $$x=9$$.
• The graph of $$f$$ is below the graph of $$g$$ on $$1<x<9$$. This means the output values of $$f(x)$$ are less than the output values of $$g(x)$$.
• The absolute value is less than or equal to 4 between these two points, when $$1{\leq}x\leq9$$. In interval notation, this would be the interval $$[1,9]$$.
Analysis
For absolute value inequalities,
$|x−A|<C,\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; |x−A|>C, \\−C<x−A<C,\;\;\;\; x−A<−C \text{ or } x−A>C.$
The $$<$$ or $$>$$ symbol may be replaced by $$\leq$$ or $$\geq$$.
So, for this example, we could use this alternative approach.
\begin{align} |x−5|&{\leq}4 \\ −4&{\leq}x−5{\leq}4 &\text{Rewrite by removing the absolute value bars.} \\ −4+5&{\leq}x−5+5{\leq}4+5 &\text{Isolate the x.} \\ 1&{\leq}x\leq9 \end{align}
1.6.5: Solve $$|x+2|\leq6$$.
Solution
$$4{\leq}x\leq8$$
Given an absolute value function, solve for the set of inputs where the output is positive (or negative).
1. Set the function equal to zero, and solve for the boundary points of the solution set.
2. Use test points or a graph to determine where the function’s output is positive or negative.
Example 1.6.7: Using a Graphical Approach to Solve Absolute Value
Inequalities
Given the function $$f(x)=−\frac{1}{2}|4x−5|+3$$, determine the $$x$$-values for which the function values are negative.
Solution
We are trying to determine where $$f(x)<0$$, which is when $$−\frac{1}{2}|4x−5|+3<0$$. We begin by isolating the absolute value.
\begin{align} -\frac{1}{2}|4x−5|&<−3 \;\;\; \text{Multiply both sides by –2, and reverse the inequality.} \\ |4x−5|&>6\end{align}
Next we solve for the equality $$|4x−5|=6$$.
\begin{align} 4x-5&=6 & 4x-5&=-6 \\ 4x-6&=6 \;\; &\text{or } \;\;\; 4x&=-1 \\ x&=\frac{11}{4} & x&=-\frac{1}{4} \end{align}
Now, we can examine the graph of $$f$$ to observe where the output is negative. We will observe where the branches are below the $$x$$-axis. Notice that it is not even important exactly what the graph looks like, as long as we know that it crosses the horizontal axis at $$x=−\frac{1}{4}$$ and $$x=\frac{11}{4}$$ and that the graph has been reflected vertically. See Figure 1.6.11.
Figure 1.6.11: Graph of an absolute function with x-intercepts at -0.25 and 2.75.]
We observe that the graph of the function is below the $$x$$-axis left of $$x=−\frac{1}{4}$$ and right of $$x=\frac{11}{4}$$. This means the function values are negative to the left of the first horizontal intercept at $$x=−\frac{1}{4}$$, and negative to the right of the second intercept at $$x=\frac{11}{4}$$. This gives us the solution to the inequality.
$x<−\frac{1}{4} \text{ or } x>1\frac{1}{4}$
In interval notation, this would be $$( −\infty,−0.25 )\cup( 2.75,\infty)$$.
1.6.6: Solve $$−2|k−4|\leq−6$$.
Solution
$$k\leq1$$ or $$k\leq7$$; in interval notation, this would be $$\left(−\infty,1\right]\cup\left[7,\infty\right)$$
### Key Concepts
• The absolute value function is commonly used to measure distances between points.
• Applied problems, such as ranges of possible values, can also be solved using the absolute value function.
• The graph of the absolute value function resembles a letter V. It has a corner point at which the graph changes direction.
• In an absolute value equation, an unknown variable is the input of an absolute value function.
• If the absolute value of an expression is set equal to a positive number, expect two solutions for the unknown variable.
• An absolute value equation may have one solution, two solutions, or no solutions.
• An absolute value inequality is similar to an absolute value equation but takes the form | A |<B, | A |≤B, | A |>B, or | A |≥B.It can be solved by determining the boundaries of the solution set and then testing which segments are in the set.
• Absolute value inequalities can also be solved graphically.
### Section Exercise
Verbal
Exercise 1.6.1
How do you solve an absolute value equation?
Solution
Isolate the absolute value term so that the equation is of the form $$|A|=B$$. Form one equation by setting the expression inside the absolute value symbol, $$A$$, equal to the expression on the other side of the equation, $$B$$. Form a second equation by setting $$A$$ equal to the opposite of the expression on the other side of the equation, $$−B$$. Solve each equation for the variable.
Exercise 1.6.2
How can you tell whether an absolute value function has two x-intercepts without graphing the function?
Exercise 1.6.3
When solving an absolute value function, the isolated absolute value term is equal to a negative number. What does that tell you about the graph of the absolute value function?
Solution
The graph of the absolute value function does not cross the x-axis, so the graph is either completely above or completely below the x-axis.
Exercise 1.6.4
How can you use the graph of an absolute value function to determine the x-values for which the function values are negative?
Exercise 1.6.5
How do you solve an absolute value inequality algebraically?
Solution
First determine the boundary points by finding the solution(s) of the equation. Use the boundary points to form possible solution intervals. Choose a test value in each interval to determine which values satisfy the inequality.
Algebraic
Exercise 1.6.6
Describe all numbers $$x$$ that are at a distance of 4 from the number 8. Express this using absolute value notation.
Exercise 1.6.7
Describe all numbers $$x$$ that are at a distance of $$\dfrac{1}{2}$$ from the number −4. Express this using absolute value notation.
Solution
$$|x+4|= \dfrac{1}{2}$$
Exercise 1.6.8
Describe the situation in which the distance that point $$x$$ is from 10 is at least 15 units. Express this using absolute value notation.
Exercise 1.6.9
Find all function values $$f(x)$$ such that the distance from $$f(x)$$ to the value 8 is less than 0.03 units. Express this using absolute value notation.
Solution
$$|f(x)−8|<0.03$$
For the following exercises, solve the equations below and express the answer using set notation.
Exercise 1.6.10
$$|x+3|=9$$
Exercise 1.6.11
$$|6−x|=5$$
Solution
$${1,11}$$
Exercise 1.6.12
$$|5x−2|=11$$
Exercise 1.6.13
$$|4x−2|=11$$
Solution
$$\{\dfrac{9}{4}, \dfrac{13}{4}\}$$
Exercise 1.6.14
$$2|4−x|=7$$
Exercise 1.6.15
$$3|5−x|=5$$
Solution
$$\{\dfrac{10}{3},\dfrac{20}{3}\}$$
Exercise 1.6.16
$$3|x+1|−4=5$$
Exercise 1.6.17
$$5|x−4|−7=2$$
Solution
$$\{\dfrac{11}{5}, \dfrac{29}{5}\}$$
Exercise 1.6.18
$$0=−|x−3|+2$$
Exercise 1.6.19
$$2|x−3|+1=2$$
Solution
$$\{\dfrac{5}{2}, \dfrac{7}{2}\}$$
Exercise 1.6.20
$$|3x−2|=7$$
Exercise 1.6.21
$$|3x−2|=−7$$
Solution
No solution
Exercise 1.6.22
$$|\dfrac{1}{2}x−5|=11$$
Exercise 1.6.23
$$| \dfrac{1}{3}x+5|=14$$
Solution
$$\{−57,27\}$$
Exercise 1.6.24
$$−|\dfrac{1}{3}x+5|+14=0$$
For the following exercises, find the x- and y-intercepts of the graphs of each function.
Exercise 1.6.25
$$f(x)=2|x+1|−10$$
Solution
$$(0,−8)$$; $$(−6,0)$$, $$(4,0)$$
Exercise 1.6.26
$$f(x)=4|x−3|+4$$
Exercise 1.6.27
$$f(x)=−3|x−2|−1$$
Solution
$$(0,−7)$$; no x-intercepts
Exercise 1.6.28
$$f(x)=−2|x+1|+6$$
For the following exercises, solve each inequality and write the solution in interval notation.
Exercise 1.6.29
$$| x−2 |>10$$
Solution
$$(−\infty,−8)\cup(12,\infty)$$
Exercise 1.6.30
$$2|v−7|−4\geq42$$
Exercise 1.6.31
$$|3x−4|\geq8$$
Solution
$$−\dfrac{4}{3}{\leq}x\leq4$$
Exercise 1.6.32
$$|x−4|\geq8$$
Exercise 1.6.33
$$|3x−5|\geq-13$$
Solution
$$\left(−\infty,− \dfrac{8}{3}\right]\cup\left[6,\infty\right)$$
Exercise 1.6.34
$$|3x−5|\geq−13$$
Exercise 1.6.35
$$|\dfrac{3}{4}x−5|\geq7$$
Solution
$$\left(-\infty,-\dfrac{8}{3}\right]\cup\left[16,\infty\right)$$
Exercise 1.6.36
$$|\dfrac{3}{4}x−5|+1\leq16$$
Graphical
For the following exercises, graph the absolute value function. Plot at least five points by hand for each graph.
Exercise 1.6.37
$$y=|x−1|$$
Solution
Exercise 1.6.38
$$y=|x+1|$$
Exercise 1.6.39
$$y=|x|+1$$
For the following exercises, graph the given functions by hand.
Exercise 1.6.40
$$y=|x|−2$$
Exercise 1.6.41
$$y=−|x|$$
Solution
Exercise 1.6.42
$$y=−|x|−2$$
Exercise 1.6.43
$$y=−|x−3|−2$$
Solution
Exercise 1.6.44
$$f(x)=−|x−1|−2$$
Exercise 1.6.45
$$f(x)=−|x+3|+4$$
Solution
Exercise 1.6.46
$$f(x)=2|x+3|+1$$
Exercise
$$f(x)=3|x−2|+3$$
Solution
Exercise 1.6.47
$$f(x)=|2x−4|−3$$
Exercise 1.6.48
$$f(x)=|3x+9|+2$$
Solution
Exercise 1.6.49
$$f(x)=−|x−1|−3$$
Exercise 1.6.50
$$f(x)=−|x+4|−3$$
Solution
Exercise 1.6.51
$$f(x)=\dfrac{1}{2}|x+4|−3$$
Technology
Exercise 1.6.52
Use a graphing utility to graph $$f(x)=10|x−2|$$ on the viewing window [ 0,4 ]. Identify the corresponding range. Show the graph.
Solution
range: $$[0,20]$$
Exercise 1.6.53
Use a graphing utility to graph $$f(x)=−100|x|+100$$ on the viewing window $$[−5,5]$$. Identify the corresponding range. Show the graph.
For the following exercises, graph each function using a graphing utility. Specify the viewing window.
Exercise 1.6.54
$$f(x)=−0.1|0.1(0.2−x)|+0.3$$
Solution
x-intercepts:
Exercise 1.6.55
$$f(x)=4 \times10^{9}|x−(5 \times 10^9)|+2 \times10^9$$
Extensions
For the following exercises, solve the inequality.
Exercise 1.6.56
$$|−2x− \dfrac{2}{3}(x+1)|+3>−1$$
Solution
$$(−\infty,\infty)$$
Exercise 1.6.57
If possible, find all values of a such that there are no x-intercepts for $$f(x)=2|x+1|+a$$.
Exercise 1.6.58
If possible, find all values of a such that there are no y-intercepts for $$f(x)=2|x+1|+a$$.
Solution
There is no solution for a that will keep the function from having a y-intercept. The absolute value function always crosses the y-intercept when $$x=0$$.
Real-World Applications
Exercise 1.6.59
Cities A and B are on the same east-west line. Assume that city A is located at the origin. If the distance from city A to city B is at least 100 miles and $$x$$ represents the distance from city B to city A, express this using absolute value notation.
Exercise 1.6.60
The true proportion $$p$$ of people who give a favorable rating to Congress is 8% with a margin of error of 1.5%. Describe this statement using an absolute value equation.
Solution
$$|p−0.08|\leq0.015$$
Exercise 1.6.61
Students who score within 18 points of the number 82 will pass a particular test. Write this statement using absolute value notation and use the variable $$x$$ for the score.
Exercise 1.6.62
A machinist must produce a bearing that is within 0.01 inches of the correct diameter of 5.0 inches. Using $$x$$ as the diameter of the bearing, write this statement using absolute value notation.
Solution
$$|x−5.0|\leq0.01$$
Exercise 1.6.63
The tolerance for a ball bearing is 0.01. If the true diameter of the bearing is to be 2.0 inches and the measured value of the diameter is $$x$$ inches, express the tolerance using absolute value notation.
### Glossary
absolute value equation
an equation of the form $$|A|=B$$, with $$B\geq0$$; it will have solutions when $$A=B$$ or $$A=−B$$
absolute value inequality
a relationship in the form $$|A|<B$$, $$|A|{\leq}B$$, $$|A|>B$$, or $$|A|{\geq}B$$
|
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|
http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/74752/overrightarrow-with-garamond-gap-in-the-arrow
|
# \overrightarrow with garamond: gap in the arrow
Typesetting $\overrightarrow{OQ}$ yields a very unpleasant gap in the arrow when used with garamond. Here's a minimal working example that shows the problem. It looks okay without the garamond line.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[garamond]{mathdesign}
\begin{document}
$\overrightarrow{OQ}.$
\end{document}
This is clearly an unwanted feature. Is it possible to fix this? (discarding garamond is not an option, I've already typeset and printed several hundreds of pages with it, and I want uniformity in my documents for my students).
-
The problem is that the minus sign and the arrow in the math font that's used with the garamond option is shorter than usual and this breaks \rightarrowfill that's used in \overrightarrow.
You should repair the glitch by redefining \rightarrowfill:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[garamond]{mathdesign}
\makeatletter
\def\rightarrowfill{%
$\m@th\smash-\mkern-9mu \cleaders\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\smash-\mkern-2mu$}\hfill \mkern-9mu\mathord\rightarrow$}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
$\overrightarrow{OQ}$
\makebox[1.0em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[1.1em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[1.2em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[1.3em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[1.4em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[1.5em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[1.6em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[1.7em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[1.8em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[1.9em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[2.0em]{\rightarrowfill}
\makebox[2.1em]{\rightarrowfill}
\end{document}
Using amsmath (which is implicitly loaded by amsart and amsbook) the patch should also be to \arrowfill@; it's simpler to use etoolbox:
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\arrowfill@{-7mu}{-9mu}{}{}
\patchcmd\arrowfill@{-7mu}{-9mu}{}{}
\patchcmd\rightarrowfill{-7mu}{-9mu}{}{}
\patchcmd\rightarrowfill{-7mu}{-9mu}{}{}
\makeatother
-
Thanks so much, it works fine! Well, in fact I'm using the amsbook class, which uses \rightarrowfill@ instead of \rightarrowfill... so I redefined \overrightarrow as found in base/fontmath.ltx and with your fix it seems to work perfectly! – gniourf_gniourf Sep 30 '12 at 16:26
@gniourf_gniourf I've added the patch for amsmath – egreg Sep 30 '12 at 16:32
fantastic! I'm now using your patch for amsmath, it's much nicer than my solution. Thanks a lot! – gniourf_gniourf Sep 30 '12 at 16:40
|
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|
http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/52732-am-i-doing-calculus-problem-right-related-rates.html
|
Math Help - Am I doing this calculus problem right?? (related rates)?
1. Am I doing this calculus problem right?? (related rates)?
Here is the question #42 part A and B
This is the work I have done so far and I would like to know if it is right
If I am doing anything wrong please correct me. Also when I replace r with (3/5)h I think it's supposed to be (3/6).
2. Originally Posted by imbored205
Here is the question #42 part A and B
This is the work I have done so far and I would like to know if it is right
If I am doing anything wrong please correct me. Also when I replace r with (3/5)h I think it's supposed to be (3/6).
All looks well...until you replace r in part (b).
It should be $r=\frac{2.5}{5}h$. You can make this adjustment by keeping in mind that the radius has a value of 3 only when the height is 6. It is also good to take note that the radius is half the value of the height withing the cone...
--Chris
|
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|
http://openstudy.com/updates/504f0435e4b05be9981596b1
|
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## stevenl723 Group Title The sum of a number and its reciprocal is 5 1/5. 2 years ago 2 years ago Edit Question Delete Cancel Submit
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1. UnkleRhaukus
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take a guess
• 2 years ago
2. stevenl723
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do I have to convert the mixed fraction to a improper fraction?
• 2 years ago
3. UnkleRhaukus
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if you can't see the answer staring at you
• 2 years ago
4. lgbasallote
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• 2 years ago
5. stevenl723
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$x^2+1-5\frac{1 }{ 5}=0?$
• 2 years ago
6. zzr0ck3r
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5 and 1/2 what does and mean? and what is the recipicle of 5?
• 2 years ago
7. stevenl723
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1/5
• 2 years ago
8. zzr0ck3r
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so what does and mean?
• 2 years ago
9. stevenl723
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but I don't get what the question is asking.. it says what is the reciprocal of 5 and 1/5... but how is it 5 or 1/5?
• 2 years ago
10. zzr0ck3r
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its asking what two numbers can you add together and get 5 and 1/2 or what numbers can you add together and get 5+1/2 note: 5 is the recipicle of 1/5 and vice versa
• 2 years ago
11. lgbasallote
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5 and 1/5*
• 2 years ago
12. zzr0ck3r
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:)
• 2 years ago
13. zzr0ck3r
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5+1/5 = 5 and 1/5 5^(-1) = 1/5
• 2 years ago
14. zzr0ck3r
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hence "the answer is stairing you in the face"
• 2 years ago
15. stevenl723
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OH.... so its 5+1/5 not 5 1/5... i was thinking something differently.. thanks
• 2 years ago
16. stevenl723
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s othe answer is 5 or 1/5 hahaha
• 2 years ago
17. stevenl723
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So there is no real calculation needed for this question?
• 2 years ago
18. UnkleRhaukus
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$x+\frac 1x=5~\frac 15$$\frac {x^2+1}x=\frac {26}5$$x^2+1=\left(\frac {26}5\right)x$$x^2-\left(\frac{26}5\right)x+1=0$ $x_{1,2}=\frac{-(-\frac{26}5)\pm\sqrt{(-\frac{26}5)^2-4}}{2}$$\qquad=\frac{\frac{26}5\pm\sqrt{\frac{676}{25}-4}}{2}$$\quad=\quad...$
• 2 years ago
19. AmberCat21
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x+ 5/26
• 2 years ago
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https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ade/1366638967
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### The Dirichlet problem for a class of ultraparabolic equations
Maria Manfredini
#### Abstract
In this paper we study the Dirichlet problem for a class of ultraparabolic equations. More precisely, we prove the existence of a generalized Perron-Wiener solution and we provide a geometric condition for the regularity of the boundary points which extends the classical Zaremba exterior cone criterion to our setting. The main steps for deriving our results are: i) the introduction in $\mathbf{R}^{N+1}$ of a homogeneous structure; ii) the proof of some interior estimates in a suitable space of Hölder-continuous functions; iii) the construction of a basis of open subsets of $\mathbf{R}^{N+1}$ for which the Dirichlet problem is univocally solvable.
#### Article information
Source
Adv. Differential Equations Volume 2, Number 5 (1997), 831-866.
Dates
First available in Project Euclid: 22 April 2013
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https://mitibmwatsonailab.mit.edu/research/blog/testing-determinantal-point-processes/
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Authors
Published on
08/09/2020
Categories
Determinantal point processes (DPPs) are popular probabilistic models of diversity. In this paper, we investigate DPPs from a new perspective: property testing of distributions. Given sample access to an unknown distribution q over the subsets of a ground set, we aim to distinguish whether q is a DPP distribution, or ϵ-far from all DPP distributions in 1-distance. In this work, we propose the first algorithm for testing DPPs. Furthermore, we establish a matching lower bound on the sample complexity of DPP testing. This lower bound also extends to showing a new hardness result for the problem of testing the more general class of log-submodular distributions.
This paper has been published as a spotlight at the 2020 Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) conference.
Please cite our work using the BibTeX below.
@misc{gatmiry2020testing, title={Testing Determinantal Point Processes}, author={Khashayar Gatmiry and Maryam Aliakbarpour and Stefanie Jegelka}, year={2020}, eprint={2008.03650}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.LG} }
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/9594/disagreement-between-two-definitions-of-the-singular-boundary-map
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# disagreement between two definitions of the singular boundary map
Hi everyone, I have a little problem with the definition of singular boundary map in singular homology theory. It appears to be some disagreement between two authors. The first one is Hatcher in his 'Algebraic Topology' who uses a very intuitive and natural analogy with the definition of the boundary operator in simplicial homology. (this is the simple one, page 108).
On the other hand we have Rotman in his 'An introduction to homological Algebra' who states that the definition used by Hatcher is wrong because the images under this operator aren't singular simplexes (page 29). I think this state must have something to do with the baricentric coordinates, but I'm not sure. In fact I don't understand his alternative definition that uses face maps where he puts down σε. Is that some kind of product? If anyone could give me an example for n=2 would be awesome.
However the main question is about the differences between these two definitions. Any help is welcome.
Thanks.
-
Both authors are defining exactly the same thing, just with slight differences of notation. – Reid Barton Dec 23 '09 at 6:23
The point Rotman is trying to make is the following: if you have a singular $q$-simplex $\sigma:\Delta^q\to X$, then for example the restriction $\sigma|\_{[e_0,e_2,\dots,e_q]}$ is not a singular $(q-1)$-simplex, simply because its domain $[e_0,e_2,\dots,e_q]$ is not the standard simplex $\Delta^{q-1}$, which is instead $[e_0,e_1,\dots,e_{q-1}]$.
He fixes this by composing with the face maps $\varepsilon$, so as to get the domains right.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.01062v2
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Title:Search for single production of a vector-like T quark decaying to a Z boson and a top quark in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$13 TeV
Abstract: A search is presented for single production of a vector-like quark (T) decaying to a Z boson and a top quark, with the Z boson decaying leptonically and the top quark decaying hadronically. The search uses data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The presence of forward jets is a particular characteristic of single production of vector-like quarks that is used in the analysis. For the first time, different T quark width hypotheses are studied, from negligibly small to 30% of the new particle mass. At the 95% confidence level, the product of cross section and branching fraction is excluded above values in the range 0.26-0.04 pb for T quark masses in the range 0.7-1.7 TeV, assuming a negligible width. A similar sensitivity is observed for widths of up to 30% of the T quark mass. The production of a heavy Z' boson decaying to Tt, with T $\rightarrow$ tZ, is also searched for, and limits on the product of cross section and branching fractions for this process are set between 0.13 and 0.06 pb for Z' boson masses in the range from 1.5 to 2.5 TeV.
Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference. All the figures and tables can be found at this http URL (CMS Public Pages) Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) Journal reference: Phys. Lett. B 781 (2018) 574 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2018.04.036 Report number: CMS-B2G-17-007, CERN-EP-2017-155 Cite as: arXiv:1708.01062 [hep-ex] (or arXiv:1708.01062v2 [hep-ex] for this version)
Submission history
From: The CMS Collaboration [view email]
[v1] Thu, 3 Aug 2017 09:09:06 UTC (482 KB)
[v2] Fri, 15 Jun 2018 12:11:21 UTC (483 KB)
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https://aitopics.org/mlt?cdid=arxivorg%3A09D1E0C3&dimension=concept-tags
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### Learning to Control in Metric Space with Optimal Regret
We study online reinforcement learning for finite-horizon deterministic control systems with {\it arbitrary} state and action spaces. Suppose that the transition dynamics and reward function is unknown, but the state and action space is endowed with a metric that characterizes the proximity between different states and actions. We provide a surprisingly simple upper-confidence reinforcement learning algorithm that uses a function approximation oracle to estimate optimistic Q functions from experiences. We show that the regret of the algorithm after $K$ episodes is $O(HL(KH)^{\frac{d-1}{d}})$ where $L$ is a smoothness parameter, and $d$ is the doubling dimension of the state-action space with respect to the given metric. We also establish a near-matching regret lower bound. The proposed method can be adapted to work for more structured transition systems, including the finite-state case and the case where value functions are linear combinations of features, where the method also achieve the optimal regret.
### Towards An Understanding of What is Learned: Extracting Multi-Abstraction-Level Knowledge from Learning Agents
Machine Learning approaches used in the context of agents (like Reinforcement Learning) commonly result in weighted state-action pair representations (where the weights determine which action should be performed, given a perceived state). The weighted state-action pairs are stored, e.g., in tabular form or as approximated functions which makes the learned knowledge hard to comprehend by humans, since the number of state-action pairs can be extremely high. In this paper, a knowledge extraction approach is presented which extracts compact and comprehensible knowledge bases from such weighted state-action pairs. For this purpose, so-called Hierarchical Knowledge Bases are described which allow for a top-down view on the learned knowledge at an adequate level of abstraction. The approach can be applied to gain structural insights into a problem and its solution and it can be easily transformed into common knowledge representation formalisms, like normal logic programs.
### Reinforcement Learning for Mixed Open-loop and Closed-loop Control
Closed-loop control relies on sensory feedback that is usually assumed tobe free . But if sensing incurs a cost, it may be costeffective totake sequences of actions in open-loop mode. We describe a reinforcement learning algorithm that learns to combine open-loop and closed-loop control when sensing incurs a cost. Although weassume reliable sensors, use of open-loop control means that actions must sometimes be taken when the current state of the controlled system is uncertain. This is a special case of the hidden-state problem in reinforcement learning, and to cope, our algorithm relies on short-term memory.
### Asynchronous n-steps Q-learning
Q-learning is the most famous Temporal Difference algorithm. Original Q-learning algorithm tries to determine the state-action value function that minimizes the error below. We will use an optimizer (the simplest one- Gradient Descent) to compute the values of the state-action function. First of all we need to compute the gradient of the loss function. Gradient descent finds the minimum of a function by subtracting the gradient, with respect to the parameters of the function, from the parameters.
### Pretraining Deep Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning Algorithms With Expert Demonstrations
Pretraining with expert demonstrations have been found useful in speeding up the training process of deep reinforcement learning algorithms since less online simulation data is required. Some people use supervised learning to speed up the process of feature learning, others pretrain the policies by imitating expert demonstrations. However, these methods are unstable and not suitable for actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithms. Also, some existing methods rely on the global optimum assumption, which is not true in most scenarios. In this paper, we employ expert demonstrations in a actor-critic reinforcement learning framework, and meanwhile ensure that the performance is not affected by the fact that expert demonstrations are not global optimal. We theoretically derive a method for computing policy gradients and value estimators with only expert demonstrations. Our method is theoretically plausible for actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithms that pretrains both policy and value functions. We apply our method to two of the typical actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithms, DDPG and ACER, and demonstrate with experiments that our method not only outperforms the RL algorithms without pretraining process, but also is more simulation efficient.
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https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/337274/custom-font-for-latexdvips
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# Custom font for LaTeX+dvips
\documentclass[twoside, openany]{book}
\usepackage[dvipsnames,svgnames,x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\special{papersize=145mm,220mm}
\textwidth=113mm \textheight=180mm
\topmargin=-14mm
\footskip=11mm
\oddsidemargin=-12.6mm
\evensidemargin=-6.4mm
\newfont{\weird}{abcr8r at 14pt}
\begin{document}
{\weird 1234567890 abcd}
\medskip
\lipsum
\end{document}
The Publisher needs the pagestyle with pagenumber and headings with EuropaDemi font (and they have no own stylefile and even almost never work with LaTeX manuscripts!)
I took this font EuropeDemi.otf and after some conversions with creation afm-, tfm-, ttf- and vf- files I have created new TTFONTS folder and added it into config. Thus I have assigned this font as some new fontfamily 'abc'.
In TFM-folder there are 5 files: abcr8r, abcr8t, abcr7t, abcr6a and rabcr6a (though no difference in their usage is detected)
For texifying I need LateX->Dvips (and russian encodings)
But in *.dvi and *.ps these newfont-letters look as rasterized, with bad margins. Though the original EuropeDemi.otf in Microsoft Word, say, looks OK if I increase resolution or increase the lettersize.
1) Does anybody know the reason and ways to fix/avoid? Maybe some 'internal' ways to add this font (like packages, not the creation of these files by myself).
2) What do the numbers 6,7,8 in the tfm-files names (abcr8r, abcr8t, abcr7t, abcr6a and rabcr6a) mean? For pagenumbers I need 14pt, for title even larger
Thanks
• Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat. Nov 18, 2016 at 9:51
If XeLaTeX is an option, then you can use the font easily by installing it for your OS and using fontspec. This has the advantage of allowing you to use \specials which you cannot use with pdfLaTeX, because XeLaTeX processes .tex in a multi-stage process, similar to the process of using LaTeX followed by post-compilation conversion to PDF.
I don't have your font, but here's an example with one I do have. Note that we need to specify a non-default driver for geometry in order to allow the \specials. The default is xetex but your comments suggest that this may be less suitable for your code and that you probably want to specify an alternative. I've used geometry because this is recommended over setting layout dimensions manually and will automatically ensure that appropriate options are passed through to the back-end driver.
\documentclass[twoside, openany]{book}
\usepackage[dvipsnames,svgnames,x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{driver=dvipdfm,,papersize={145mm,220mm},textheight=180mm,footskip=11mm,inner=12.8mm,outer=19mm,verbose}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\newfontfamily\myweirdfont{Neris Light}
\DeclareRobustCommand\weird{\fontsize{14pt}{18pt}\myweirdfont}
\begin{document}
{\weird 1234567890 abcd\par}
\medskip
\lipsum
\end{document}
I don't have any Cyrillic to test, but polyglossia can be used or babel will also work. fontspec can switch to the Cyrillic script when required. See fontspec's manual and, if applicable, polyglossia's.
Note that this solution requires your .tex file to be UTF-8 encoded. If you have any trouble with standard TeX ligatures such as --, --- etc., you may have an older version of fontspec. In that case just add
\defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures=TeX}
which is now default but did not used to be.
1. Dvips cannot handle ttf fonts, only pk and Type1 (pfb) fonts; so, in the absence of a sensible pfb, it falls back to Metafont or, in your case, ttf2pk to produce and include raster fonts.
2. You need to read the fontname documentation which explains the "standard" naming scheme for fonts constrained by the 8.3 format of lore (DOS and VAX, for instance). In this case, 8r is 8bit raw; 8t is 8bit Cork TeX encoding; 7t is 7bit Old TeX encoding; 6a is for the T2A Cyrillic encodings. All fonts for 8bit TeXes need an encoding identifier to use the appropriate alphabets/scripts.
So, if you want to go the old [La]TeX+dvips way, you'll need:
1. sourcefontname.pfb and sourcefontname.afm files. You could get these files by processing your font with, say, FontForge.
2. Make tfm files for your font with the appropriate encodings following the instructions given for LY1 on TUG, for instance:
afm2tfm [sourcefontname] -T T2A.enc -v [targetfontname].vpl >> [targetfontname].map
pltotf [targetfontname].vpl
You should get a targetfontname.tfm and a targetfontname.map files, which you should install; and a temporary targetfontname.vpl which you may discard.
Alternatively, you may use the afm2pl tool.
afm2pl -p T2A.enc [sourcefontname] [targetfontname]
pltotf [targetfontname]
1. Put the pfb file in /fonts/type1/foundry", the tfm file in /fonts/tfm/foundry, and the map in the /fonts/map/dvips directories, and execute updmap --add targetfontname.map on your system.
2. Load the [targetfontname] in your source code and execute LaTeX and dvips as usual. This procedure also sets up your font for pdflatex.
If you decide to go this way, I encourage you to follow the guidelines given in fontname to put names to your fonts. It's just a matter of standardization.
Syntax for the font utilities may vary if you use a non-TeXLive based implementation, like MikTeX's. Check your documentation for details.
|
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http://hydraraptor.blogspot.com/2007/09/temperature-drop.html
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## Saturday, 22 September 2007
### Temperature drop
My extruder controller is working much better after I cured the motor noise problem. The 10 bit SAR ADC also seems to work better than the 16 bit sigma-delta version did. With the 16 bit one there was a lot of noise on the readings, even when the motor wasn't running. I had to average over many samples to get a consistent reading which delayed the response. With the 10 bit ADC I just read it and compare it with the temperature set point value to decide if the heater should be on or off. That gives a temperature swing of about ± 3°C with the heater going on and off every four or five seconds.
The temperature is calculated from the ADC reading and vice versa by the PC with the following Python class :-
from math import *class Thermistor: "Class to do the thermistor maths" def __init__(self, r0, t0, beta, r1, r2): self.r0 = r0 # stated resistance self.t0 = t0 + 273.15 # temperature at stated resistance, e.g. 25C self.beta = beta # stated beta self.vref = 1.5 * 1.357 / 1.345 # ADC reference, corrected self.vcc = 3.3 # supply voltage to potential divider self.vs = r1 * self.vcc / (r1 + r2) # effective bias voltage self.rs = r1 * r2 / (r1 + r2) # effective bias impedance self.k = r0 * exp(-beta / self.t0) # constant part of calculation def temp(self,adc): "Convert ADC reading into a temperature in Celsius" v = adc * self.vref / 1024 # convert the ADC value to a voltage r = self.rs * v / (self.vs - v) # resistance of thermistor return (self.beta / log(r / self.k)) - 273.15 # temperature def setting(self, t): "Convert a temperature into a ADC value" r = self.r0 * exp(self.beta * (1 / (t + 273.15) - 1 / self.t0)) # resistance of the thermistor v = self.vs * r / (self.rs + r) # the voltage at the potential divider return round(v / self.vref * 1024) # the ADC reading
It is instantiated as follows :-
thermistor = Thermistor(10380, 21, 3450, 1790, 2187)
10380 is the resistance of the thermistor measured by my multimeter at a room temperature of 21°C. 3450 is the beta of the thermistor taken from the data sheet. The last two values are the two resistors forming a potential divider with the thermistor wired across the second one, again the values are measured with a multimeter. The fudge factor of 1.357 / 1.345 corrects the MSP430 internal reference voltage so that it agrees with the multimeter.
The result seems to track the temperature measured by a thermocouple to within about 5°C, good enough for me. Just as I had finished checking it, I knocked the thermistor leads with my thermocouple and it fell off. It was stuck to the brass nozzle with JB Weld but I forgot to roughen the surface first. I am now waiting 16 hours for it to set again.
The extruder controller firmware is only about 400 lines of C. As well as temperature control it also controls the DC motor precisely using the shaft encoder and handles the I²C protocol.
I have now completed all the mechanical parts, the electronics and the firmware. I just need to get the RepRap host code to talk to my non standard hardware to complete the machine.
1. Hey,
I love reading your posts... you're very knowledgeable. Keep up the good work.
Its cool that you're going to try and use the RepRap software to drive your machine, i think thats a really good idea.
It would be cool if we could modify it in such a way that there is an interface class to each toolhead. This should be done in such a way that to update the code to allow it to drive an extruder (or cartesian bot) that uses different electronics, you simply define the specific class.
for example: we could have a CartesianInterface class that can be extended and implemented in such a way that it sends the proper commands to the boards. we would then have a DarwinCartesianBot class, NopHeadCartesianBot, etc. then in the preferences, you just specify what electronics you are using and it would know the right class to instantiate and use.
i'm pretty sure that the software is already setup to support something like this. you'll definitely have to get in there and dig around to find out the extent.
good luck!
2. Hi Zach,
Thanks for the encouragement, I think I am going to need it. I am not looking forward to grappling with Eclipse and Java.
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http://www.physicspages.com/2016/04/13/interacting-einstein-solids/
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# Interacting Einstein solids
Reference: Daniel V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Thermal Physics, (Addison-Wesley, 2000) – Problem 2.8.
We’ve seen how to count micro- and macrostates in an Einstein solid. In a solid containing ${N}$ oscillators and ${q}$ quanta of energy, there are ${\binom{q+N-1}{q}}$ possible microstates. Consider now what happens if we have two such solids, ${A}$ and ${B}$, containing ${N_{A}}$ and ${N_{B}}$ oscillators and ${q_{A}}$ and ${q_{B}}$ quanta of energy. Each solid has its own set of microstates, but suppose that the solids can exchange energy quanta on a timescale that is quite long compared with the times over which quanta can travel between oscillators within each solid. We’re assuming that total energy ${q_{A}+q_{B}}$ is conserved in this process, but that ${q_{A}}$ and ${q_{B}}$ each can vary within this constraint (that is, the solids can exchange energy quanta between them). We’d like to investigate the probabilities of the various divisions of energy between the two solids.
For any particular partition of the quanta, that is, for particular values of ${q_{A}}$ and ${q_{B}}$, the total number of microstates available to the compound system is
$\displaystyle \Omega_{total}=\Omega_{A}\Omega_{B}=\binom{q_{A}+N_{A}-1}{q_{A}}\binom{q_{B}+N_{B}-1}{q_{B}} \ \ \ \ \ (1)$
This is true because for each microstate in solid ${A}$, we could have any of the ${\Omega_{B}}$ microstates in system ${B}$.
If we consider all the possible partitions of quanta, the total number of microstates available to the compound system is the sum of this quantity over all possible values of ${q_{A}}$ (remember ${q_{B}=q_{total}-q_{A}}$ so ${q_{B}}$ isn’t an independent variable since ${q_{total}}$ is a constant). Looked at another way, we can view the compound solid as a single solid with ${N_{A}+N_{B}}$ oscillators and ${q_{A}+q_{B}}$ quanta, so the overall number of microstates is
$\displaystyle \Omega_{overall}=\binom{q_{A}+q_{B}+N_{A}+N_{B}-1}{q_{A}+q_{B}} \ \ \ \ \ (2)$
The fundamental assumption of statistical mechanics is that if we look at the system at any instant of time, we are equally likely to find it in any one of these ${\Omega_{overall}}$ microstates. The question then becomes: given the division of the solid into two systems with the number of oscillators ${N_{A}}$ and ${N_{B}}$ in each solid fixed, what is the most likely distribution of the energy quanta between the two solids? That is, what is the most likely value of ${q_{A}}$?
For relatively small systems, we can calculate these probabilities by brute force by just working out the binomial coefficients. For larger systems (ones containing a number of particles typical of macroscopic objects), this is no longer feasible so we need to resort to approximations. But for now, we can work out an example with manageable numbers.
Before we begin, we need one final bit of terminology. We’ll refer to the macrostate of a compound solid as a particular division of the quanta between the two solids, without regard to how the quanta within each solid are distributed among the oscillators in that solid. In other words, each possible value of ${q_{A}}$ defines one macrostate. Since the possible values of ${q_{A}}$ are ${0,1,\ldots,q_{A}+q_{B}}$, there are ${q_{A}+q_{B}+1}$ possible macrostates in such a system.
Example Suppose ${N_{A}=N_{B}=10}$ and ${q_{A}+q_{B}=20}$. There are therefore 21 possible macrostates. The number of microstates is
$\displaystyle \Omega_{overall}=\binom{20+20-1}{20}=6.89\times10^{10} \ \ \ \ \ (3)$
The probability that all the energy is in solid ${A}$ is
$\displaystyle \frac{1}{\Omega_{overall}}\binom{20+10-1}{20}\binom{0+10-1}{0}=\frac{10^{7}}{6.89\times10^{10}}=1.45\times10^{-4} \ \ \ \ \ (4)$
The probability that ${q_{A}=q_{B}=10}$ (that is, the energy is evenly distributed) is
$\displaystyle \frac{1}{\Omega_{overall}}\binom{10+10-1}{10}\binom{10+10-1}{10}=0.1238 \ \ \ \ \ (5)$
The probability for a general value of ${q_{A}}$ is
$\displaystyle Prob=\frac{1}{\Omega_{overall}}\binom{10+q_{A}-1}{q_{A}}\binom{10+20-q_{A}-1}{20-q_{A}} \ \ \ \ \ (6)$
A bar chart of the probabilities is
It’s much more likely that the quanta will distribute themselves equally between the two solids, and once such a state is achieved, it’s unlikely that it will return to a state where one solid has a lot more quanta than the other. That is, a state where the quanta are distributed equally is said to be irreversible.
## 6 thoughts on “Interacting Einstein solids”
1. jaydeep singh
THANKyou SIR JI
SIR ONE THING IS MUCH CONFUSING TO ME, you have mentioned it in above paragraph that equally likely state are irreversible. but why these state are irreversible.??
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https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/h/hidradenitis+suppurativa+hs.html
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#### Sample records for hidradenitis suppurativa hs
1. Intralesional triamcinolone for flares of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Riis, Peter Theut; Boer, Jurr; Prens, Errol P
2016-01-01
BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicle. Standard practice of managing acute flares with corticosteroid injection lacks scientific evidence. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the outcomes of routine treatment using intralesional triamcinolone...
2. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with low socioeconomic status (SES) : A cross-sectional reference study
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Deckers, Inge E.; Janse, Ineke C.; van der Zee, Hessel H.; Nijsten, Tamar; Boer, Jurr; Horvath, Barbara; Prens, Errol P.
2016-01-01
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic debilitating disease, whereby school attendance and employment can be disturbed. Objective: We sought to determine the socioeconomic status (SES) in patients with HS relative to other dermatologic patients, and whether specific clinical HS
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Buimer, M.G.; Wobbes, T.; Klinkenbijl, J.H.G.
2009-01-01
BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, recurrent, suppurative cutaneous disease. Despite its incidence, optimal medical or surgical treatment remains unclear. This review describes the disease, ranging from pathogenesis to treatment and prognosis. METHODS: Articles were sourced from
4. HiSCR (Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response)
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kimball, B. A.; Sobell, J. M.; Zouboulis, C C
2016-01-01
Background: Determining treatment response for patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) can be challenging due to limitations of current disease activity evaluations. Objective: Evaluate the novel, validated endpoint, Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR) and its utility as an out...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Müzeyyen Gönül
2009-03-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disorder of apocrine glands characterized by recurrent abscess, sinuses and scars. The disorder affects life quality significantly and usually involves axillae, groins, perineal and perianal regions. The etiology of the disease has been explained exactly. However follicular occlusion is thought to be the main cause. The treatment of the disorder is very difficult. The medical treatment is preferred for mild and modarate disease, whereas surgical treatment is suggested for severe disease. Among the medical treatment, there are systemic and topical antibiotics, intralesional steroid injection, systemic retinoids and hormonal therapy. The options of surgical treatment of disease change from drainage to radical excision, and the therapy should be choosen according to the severity of the disease. Whatever the therapeutic options are, recurrence is the most important causes of the morbidity of hidradenitis suppurativa.
6. Coagulation Status in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Miller, Iben Marie; Johansen, Maria Egede; Mogensen, Ulla B
2015-01-01
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammatory diseases other than hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) have been associated with prothrombotic/hypercoagulable status. OBJECTIVE: To investigate a possible association between the chronic inflammatory skin disease HS and prothrombotic/hypercoagulable state. METHODS: We...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Zouboulis, Christos C.; Del Marmol, Véronique; Mrowietz, Ulrich
2015-01-01
BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent, debilitating disease, which inflicts a significant burden on patients and is associated with comorbid disorders, such as significantly reduced quality of life, depression, stigmatization, inactivity...
8. The bacteriology of hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ring, Hans Christian; Riis Mikkelsen, Peter; Miller, Iben Marie
2015-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disabling skin disease consisting of recurrent nodules, sinuses, fistulas and scarring involving the intertriginous regions. HS is often a therapeutic challenge and most treatments are off-label. A better understanding of aetiology......, supports a microbial role in disease pathogenesis. However, these antibiotics also work as immunomodulators of especially T cells, and the underlying mechanisms may therefore be more complex. We performed a systematic review of previous studies investigating the bacterial flora in hidradenitis suppurativa...
Science.gov (United States)
Porter, Martina L; Kimball, Alexa B
2017-06-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disorder with many associated comorbidities, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, smoking, depression, arthritis, autoinflammatory syndromes, inflammatory bowel disease, and genetic syndromes. In addition, HS patients can suffer from a variety of diseases related to the chronic inflammatory nature of their HS such as cardiovascular disease and anemia. An understanding of these comorbidities and associations is essential for the management of HS, and routine screening for these entities should be considered in all HS patients. ©2017 Frontline Medical Communications.
10. Dapsone therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Yazdanyar, S.; Jemec, G.B.E.; Boer, J.
2011-01-01
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease with a chronic intermittent course. HS is difficult to treat, and the evidence for the effect of most treatments consists of smaller open studies. The use of dapsone in the treatment of HS is based on a few published cases...
11. Prevalence of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS): A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Science.gov (United States)
Shahi, Varun; Alikhan, Ali; Vazquez, Benjamin G.; Weaver, Amy L.; Davis, Mark D.
2014-01-01
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a follicular occlusion disorder occurring in apocrine-rich regions of the skin. Estimates of the prevalence of this disorder have not been population-based. We sought to provide population-based information on the prevalence of HS in Olmsted County, Minnesota as of 1/1/2009. METHODS Rochester Epidemiology Project, a unique infrastructure that combines and makes accessible all medical records in Olmsted County since the 1960s, was used to collect population-based data on the prevalence of HS. RESULTS We identified 178 confirmed cases of HS that included 135 females and 43 males, and estimated the total sex- and age-adjusted prevalence in Olmsted County to be 127.8 per 100,000 or 0.13%. The total prevalence was significantly higher among women than men. CONCLUSION This study represents the first population-based investigation on the prevalence of HS. In this population-based cohort, HS was less prevalent than previous reports have suggested. PMID:25228133
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Dufour, Deirdre Nathalie; Emtestam, Lennart; Jemec, Gregor B
2014-01-01
pain, work disability and overall poor quality of life. Although the clinical signs of the disease can often be hidden by clothing, active HS is associated with a malodorous discharge that contributes to the disabling social stigma. Risk factors include smoking and obesity. Comorbidities include...
Science.gov (United States)
Andersen, R Kjærsgaard; Jemec, Gregor B E
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is not easily treated. Although not uncommon, HS is often misdiagnosed outside specialized clinics and inappropriately treated as a simple boil or abscess. In recent years, guidelines have been developed on the basis of expert opinion and the available literature. A multifaceted approach is necessary as HS lesions include both inflammation (amenable to medical treatment) as well as fibrosis (amenable to surgery only). The recommended antiinflammatory therapies encompass both antimicrobials and regular anti-inflammatory drugs. We have, therefore, reviewed treatments with the following agents: clindamycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, ertapenem, dapsone, triamcinolone, infliximab, adalimumab, and anakinra. The development of new medical treatments, however, is an ongoing effort, and important new data have been presented since the publication of the guideline. The current approach to the management of fibrotic lesions is surgery. It is important, as manifest fibrosis is generally not susceptible to medical treatment. Here minor excision, carbon dioxide-laser, and major surgery are discussed, and current evidence supporting their use is provided. A comprehensive three-pronged approach with adjuvant therapy, medical therapy, and surgery is recommended. The importance of adjuvant therapy, that is, pain management, wound care, and attention, is stressed. Adjuvant therapy not only plays a major role in patients' perception of a successful treatment but also is of practical importance to their coping and self-management. HS presents a significant unmet need, and this review provides a mechanistic update on the current real-world therapeutic option for the management of this distressing disease.
14. The Microbiology of Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Science.gov (United States)
Ring, Hans Christian; Emtestam, Lennart
2016-01-01
Although the clinical presentation of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is strongly reminiscent of bacterial infection, the role of bacteria remains controversial. Studies have isolated an array of different bacterial specimens as well as biofilm formation in lesional HS skin. Consistent findings of Gram-positive cocci and -rods including Staphylococus aureus, Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Corynebacterium species (spp) in deep tissue samples have been demonstrated in HS. Although efficacy of antibiotics, i.e., rifampicin, clindamycin or tetracycline may support a microbial role in disease pathogenesis, the most often isolated bacterial specimens are commensal bacteria (CoNS).
15. Pain management in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Horvath, Barbara; Janse, Ineke C.; Sibbald, Gary R.
2015-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing, and painful inflammatory disease. HS patients' quality of life is severely impaired, and this impairment correlates strongly with their pain. Pain in HS can be acute or chronic and has both inflammatory and noninflammatory origins. The purpose o
16. Pain management in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Horvath, Barbara; Janse, Ineke C.; Sibbald, Gary R.
2015-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing, and painful inflammatory disease. HS patients' quality of life is severely impaired, and this impairment correlates strongly with their pain. Pain in HS can be acute or chronic and has both inflammatory and noninflammatory origins. The purpose
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kimball, Alexa B; Kerdel, Francisco; Adams, David
2012-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, painful skin disease characterized by abscesses, nodules, and draining fistulas in the axilla and groin of young adults.......Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, painful skin disease characterized by abscesses, nodules, and draining fistulas in the axilla and groin of young adults....
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Iqbal A. Bukhari
2015-10-01
Full Text Available Aim: To discuss the new beneficial effect of adalimumab in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa(HS.Case: We report a 25-year-old arabic female with a 14-year history with long-standing poorly controlled active hidradenitis suppurativa who was successfully treated with adalimumab.Discussion: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a skin disorder characterized by the formation of multiple cysts, abscesses and sinus tracts in apocrine gland-bearing areas. The aetiology and pathogenesis of HS are unknown. Current medical and surgical therapies are only minimally effective at treating the disease. The biologic agent Adalimumab is a new promising agent for the treatment of HS.Conclusion: The biologic agent adalimumab is an effective treatment for HS
19. Cyclosporine treatment of severe Hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Anderson, Marianne D; Zauli, Stefania; Bettoli, Vincenzo
2016-01-01
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an overlooked but common disease severely affecting both genders. HS is generally perceived as difficult to treat and although a number of treatments are available, the need for more effective treatment is apparent. Objectives: Cyclosporine A (CsA) has...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mikkelsen, Peter Riis; Jemec, Gregor B E
2014-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a burdensome disease and has the potential to affect the life course of patients. It is a rare disease in children, and the recorded literature is correspondingly scarce. This article reviews the therapeutic options for HS in children and adolescents, and highlights...
1. New treatment strategies for hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Andersen, R.; Jemec, G. B.E.
2016-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is difficult to treat. Official guidelines have only recently been developed, and suggest that patients should be provided with both adjuvant, medical and surgical therapy. The guidelines are the result of resurgent interest in this disease, in which etiology....... In this article recent trends in medical treatments are described following a systematic review. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Library and Web of ScienceTM where specific treatments were combined with the search term "hidradenitis suppurativa" and references from 2010 to March 2016 were...
2. Depression in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Onderdijk, A. J.; van der Zee, H. H.; Esmann, S.; Lophaven, S.; Dufour, D. N.; Jemec, G. B. E.; Boer, J.
Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease with abscess formation and scarring predominantly in the inverse areas. The disease is often difficult to treat and patients experience a decreased quality of life (QoL). It is hypothesized that depression is
3. Body composition and basal metabolic rate in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Miller, I M; Rytgaard, Helene Charlotte; Mogensen, U B
2016-01-01
BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested an association between Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) and obesity. Obesity is often expressed as Body Mass Index (BMI). However, BMI lacks information on body composition. General obesity is a predictor of health status and cardiovascular risk, but body.......70-105.56) (P Hidradenitis Suppurativa is associated with a high fat percentage, high visceral fat, and low muscle percentage adding to the morbidity of HS. The higher predicted estimate of basal metabolic rate (BMR) in HS patients may reflect...
4. Psychophysical Aspects of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Matusiak, Lukasz; Bieniek, Andrzej; Szepietowski, Jacek C
2010-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a recurrent, debilitating suppurative skin disease. The symptoms are much more than just physical, but studies of its impact on patients' psychological state and related quality of life are very limited...
5. Genetics Home Reference: hidradenitis suppurativa
Science.gov (United States)
... JN. γ-Secretase mutations in hidradenitis suppurativa: new insights into disease pathogenesis. J Invest Dermatol. 2013 Mar; ... healthcare professional . About Genetics Home Reference Site Map Customer Support Selection Criteria for Links USA.gov Copyright ...
6. Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Wound Management.
Science.gov (United States)
Dini, Valentina; Oranges, Teresa; Rotella, Luca; Romanelli, Marco
2015-09-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, burdensome, debilitating disease of the hair follicle. It presents with recurrent painful inflamed and noninflamed lesions usually in specific body areas such as axillary, inguinal, perineal, and genital areas. It is associated with a large range of other diseases and conditions, such as obesity, arthropathy, inflammatory bowel diseases, and sqaumous cell carcinoma. Medical therapy may be systemic or topical, mainly based on antibiotics, retinoids, hormones and immunosuppressive drugs, including biological therapies. Surgical and laser therapies may be a valid therapeutic approach in order to treat locally recurring lesions. The aim of this article is to review the wound healing options after skin excision and laser treatments, with a focus on lesions left to heal by secondary intention, analyzing the efficacy of moist wound dressings, negative pressure wound therapy, bioactive dressings, such as platelet-rich plasma gel and hylarunoic acid scaffold, or autologous keratinocyte suspension in platelet concentrate and skin-grafting tecniques.
7. Lasers and Intense Pulsed Light Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Science.gov (United States)
Saunte, Ditte M; Lapins, Jan
2016-01-01
Lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment are useful for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Carbon dioxide lasers are used for cutting or vaporization of the affected area. It is a effective therapy for the management of severe and recalcitrant HS with persistent sinus tract and scarring, and can be performed under local anesthesia. HS has a follicular pathogenesis. Lasers and IPL targeting the hair have been found useful in treating HS by reducing the numbers of hairs in areas with HS. The methods have few side effects, but the studies are preliminary and need to be repeated.
8. Surgical Procedures in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Janse, Ineke; Bieniek, Andrzej; Horvath, Barbara; Matusiak, Lukasz
2016-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa is difficult to treat owing to its complex pathomechanism; besides the extensive inflammation with abscesses and inflammatory nodules, there is also an architectural loss with sinus tract formation and in severe cases with extensive scarring. Therefore, surgery is mandatory
9. Surgical Procedures in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Janse, Ineke; Bieniek, Andrzej; Horvath, Barbara; Matusiak, Lukasz
Hidradenitis suppurativa is difficult to treat owing to its complex pathomechanism; besides the extensive inflammation with abscesses and inflammatory nodules, there is also an architectural loss with sinus tract formation and in severe cases with extensive scarring. Therefore, surgery is mandatory
10. Hidradenitis suppurativa : From pathogenesis to emerging treatment options
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Dickinson-Blok, Janine Louise
2015-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease that is characterized by inflammation of the hair follicles. The cause of HS is largely unknown and the disease remains difficult to treat. Mrs. Janine Dickinson-Blok studied the pathogenesis of HS and the efficacy of existing and emerging ther
11. Biological and surgical treatment of severe hidradenitis suppurativa
NARCIS (Netherlands)
van Rappard, D.C.
2015-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, purulent, recurrent, devastating skin disease that affects approximately 1% of the general population. HS typically affects the flexural areas of the body such as the axilla, groin, and perianal area. HS is generally perceived as a difficult skin disease
12. Leukocyte Profile in Peripheral Blood and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Miller, Iben Marie; Ring, Hans Christian; Prens, Errol P.
2016-01-01
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease. Increasing evidence suggests that HS involves dysfunctional immune responses in both the adaptive and the innate immune system. The recently proposed association of HS with metabolic syndrome may further add...
13. Gallstones are associated with hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Miller, Iben M; Vindsand Naver, Astrid; Mogensen, Ulla B
2015-01-01
BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatological disease that was recently linked to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS has been associated with gallstones, and nonalcoholic fatty liver has been suggested to be the hepatic expression of MetS. OBJECTIVE: The obje......BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatological disease that was recently linked to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS has been associated with gallstones, and nonalcoholic fatty liver has been suggested to be the hepatic expression of MetS. OBJECTIVE......: The objective of the study was to investigate whether there was an association of HS with gallstones as well as with hepatic dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study comparing a hospital-based HS group, a population-based HS group, and controls for self-reported gallstone and blood...... identified. The age-sex-smoking-adjusted analysis of gallstones revealed a significant OR of 1.72 (95% CI 1.23-2.42, P=0.0191) and a borderline significant OR of 3.28 (95% CI 1.24-8.74, P=0.0516) for the population HS group and hospital HS group versus controls, respectively. Furthermore, no clinically...
14. Renal amyloid A amyloidosis as a complication of hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schandorff, Kristine D; Miller, Iben M; Krustrup, Dorrit;
2016-01-01
Rheumatic disease is the dominant cause of amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, but other chronic inflammatory diseases may have similar consequences. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a relatively common, but little known skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation. Here we present a case of chroni...... HS leading to biopsy-verified severe renal AA amyloidosis and dialysis dependency....
15. Hidradenitis suppurativa : Pathogenesis, burden of disease and surgical strategies
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Janse, Ineke Christina
2016-01-01
The general aim of this thesis was to gain more knowledge about the cause, burden and surgical treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). HS is a chronic, debilitating inflammatory skin disease affecting the inguinal, axillary and gluteal regions. The disease usually develops after puberty, and the
16. What happens after a single surgical intervention for hidradenitis suppurativa?
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jemec, Gregor B E; Guérin, Annie; Kaminsky, Michael
2016-01-01
Objective Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is often treated by surgery. The risk of recurrence after surgery is common and the consequences are substantial, but neither has been quantified using a claims database. This study aimed to estimate the burden associated with non-curative surgery in HS...
17. New insights into the diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
van der Zee, Hessel H; Jemec, Gregor B E
2015-01-01
Current classifications for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), such as the Hurley staging system, are not very specific. The absence of rigorous classifications is incongruous with the clinical variability of the condition. There is no pathognomonic sign for HS that leads to a diagnosis...
18. Hidradenitis suppurativa : Pathogenesis, burden of disease and surgical strategies
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Janse, Ineke Christina
2016-01-01
The general aim of this thesis was to gain more knowledge about the cause, burden and surgical treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). HS is a chronic, debilitating inflammatory skin disease affecting the inguinal, axillary and gluteal regions. The disease usually develops after puberty, and the
19. Depression in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Onderdijk, A J; van der Zee, H H; Esmann, S
2013-01-01
BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease with abscess formation and scarring predominantly in the inverse areas. The disease is often difficult to treat and patients experience a decreased quality of life (QoL). It is hypothesized that depression...... is more common in HS patients than among other dermatological patients. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of depression in patients with HS. METHODS: In total 211 HS patients were included in the study and 233 were dermatological control patients. Their QoL and depression scores were assessed using...... the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) questionnaires. HS severity was recorded with a questionnaire and Hurley stages were extracted from the case records. RESULTS: The DLQI was significantly higher for HS patients than for the control patients, 8.4 ± 7.5 vs. 4.3 ± 5...
20. [Ultrasound examination of hidradenitis suppurativa].
Science.gov (United States)
Martorell, A; Segura Palacios, J M
2015-11-01
1. Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Miller, Iben Marie; Ellervik, Christina; Vinding, Gabrielle Randskov
2014-01-01
,predominantly female, and more often smokers compared with the non-HS group.EXPOSURE Hidradenitis suppurativa.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Metabolic syndrome and its components of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity.RESULTS When compared with the non-HS group, the odds ratios (ORs......IMPORTANCE An association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis, has been suggested.Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a more localized chronic inflammation of the skin, has been speculated to have a similar association......) for the hospital HS and population HS groups were 3.89 (95%CI, 1.90-7.98) and 2.08 (95%CI, 1.61-2.69),respectively, for MetS; 5.74 (95%CI, 1.91-17.24) and 2.44 (95%CI, 1.55-3.83), respectively, for diabetes mellitus; 6.38 (95%CI, 2.99-13.62) and 2.56 (95%CI, 2.00-3.28), respectively, for general obesity; and 3...
2. Psychosocial impact of hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Esmann, S.; Jemec, G.B.E.
2011-01-01
, especially in relation to smell and appearance, various emotional reactions, and feelings of lack of control. It was found that hidra-denitis suppurativa has a great emotional impact on patients and promotes isolation due to fear of stigmati-zation. Shame and irritation are frequent and relate to smell......, scars, itching and pain. Quality of life is adversely affected and professional support is needed.© 2011 The Authors....
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Glenn Harvin
2016-05-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurring abscesses, nodules, and fistulas predominantly in the groin and axillae. The association between HS and Crohn’s disease (CD has been well documented. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF inhibitors have shown to be effective in treating both HS and CD. We report 2 patients who developed HS while on TNF inhibitor treatment for CD.
4. Is mechanical stress an important pathogenic factor in hidradenitis suppurativa?
NARCIS (Netherlands)
K. de Winter (K.); H.H. van der Zee (Hessel); E.P. Prens (Errol)
2012-01-01
textabstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic of recurrent, inflammatory, follicular disease that usually presents after puberty with painful deep-seated, inflamed lesions in the inverse skin areas of the body. It has been hypothesized that mechanical pressure or friction is a risk factor f
5. Is hidradenitis suppurativa associated with anaemia?
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Miller, I. M.; Johansen, M E; Mogensen, U. B.
2016-01-01
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammatory diseases may be associated with anaemia of inflammation. Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory dermatological disease associated with metabolic comorbidities, low quality of life and fatigue. Anaemia may cause fatigue, and it has been hypothesized...
6. Psychosocial impact of hidradenitis suppurativa: a qualitative study
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Esmann, Solveig; Jemec, Gregor B E
2011-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa influences patients' lives in many ways. It is therefore necessary to focus on the effects of the disease on daily life in order better to define patient-related outcomes in hidradenitis suppurativa studies...
7. Preliminary findings suggest hidradenitis suppurativa may be due to defective follicular support
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Danby, F W; Jemec, G B E; Marsch, W Ch
2013-01-01
BACKGROUND: The initial pathology in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)/acne inversa takes place in the folliculopilosebaceous unit (FPSU) and its surrounding tissue. The process involves follicular hyperkeratosis, inflammation and perifolliculitis. Identification of the exact origin of inflammation may...
8. Imaging of Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Its Complications
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Feng Poh
2014-01-01
Full Text Available We present a 56-year-old man with known diabetes mellitus and a 10-year history of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS and highlight, through MR imaging findings, the relentless natural progression of the disease, characterized by recurrent exacerbations of abscesses and fistulae and complications of perianal fistulae and sacral osteomyelitis. We also demonstrate the appearance of this condition on PET-CT with F-18 FDG, which was performed for staging after postexcision tissue specimen revealed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The association of arthritis and possible dactylitis was also manifested in our patient. Discussion of HS in the radiology literature is limited and, to our knowledge, there has been no case report describing these imaging findings in the same patient.
9. Disutility in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Riis, Peter Theut; Vinding, Gabrielle Randskov; Ring, Hans Christian
2016-01-01
values for the general population in Denmark. A significantly decreased utility in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa was found for all age group levels, except for 65–74-year-olds. The total index score in the cohort was 0.705 (population mean 0.887) and the VAS was 62.25 (population mean 82.......6). Multivariate analysis found significant associations between loss of utility and pain, malodour and pruritus (p hidradenitis suppurativa had a significantly decreased EQ-5D compared with the background population. Malodour and pruritus were found to be associated with low index values......Disutility reflects the disability caused by a disease. The EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaire is a measure of health-related overall utility. The questionnaire has only been applied previously to a small number of patients with hidradenitis. In this study a survey of 421 patients with hidradenitis...
10. Lithium induced hidradenitis suppurativa and acne conglobata
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Aithal Vijay
2004-09-01
Full Text Available Lithium is known to cause a variety of dermatological problems, common ones being acneiform eruptions, folliculitis and psoriasis including its pustular form. Hidradenitis suppurativa and acne conglobata are lesser known side effects, with only three reports so far. We report a patient, who had bipolar affective disorder, was on lithium for a long duration and developed hidradenitis suppurativa and acne conglobata during therapy, which subsequently decreased once lithium was stopped. We describe this case for its rarity and analyze its pathogenesis.
11. Novel Technique for Management of Axillary Hidradenitis Suppurativa Using Setons
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sepehr Seyed Lajevardi
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Management of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS of the axilla which is nonresponding to conservative management presents a significant therapeutic challenge. Most surgical treatment options are associated with significant morbidities and prolonged hospital stay. We present a technique of management of HS using setons which is simple and allows the ongoing treatment to be done on an outpatient basis. Given the fact that HS is a chronic relapsing condition each recurrence may again be managed using this technique. This will allow the patients to manage their recurrences with minimal impact on their activities of daily living.
12. Hidradenitis suppurativa and acne conglobata associated with spondyloarthropathy.
Science.gov (United States)
Leybishkis, B; Fasseas, P; Ryan, K F; Roy, R
2001-03-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa and acne conglobata are well-described chronic dermatologic diseases. Although the exact incidence of these disorders is unknown, both are relatively uncommon conditions. The incidence of spondyloarthropathy is less than 1% in the general population. Therefore, a triad of hidradenitis suppurativa, acne conglobata and spondyloarthropathy is a rare syndrome described only in a few case reports in the literature. We report a case of hidradenitis suppurativa and acne conglobata associated with spondyloarthropathy.
13. Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Egeberg, Alexander; Gislason, Gunnar H; Hansen, Peter R
2016-01-01
IMPORTANCE: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a common inflammatory skin disease. The disease has been associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, but the risk of CV disease in patients with HS is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate CV risk in patients with HS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPAN...
14. Identification of Clinical and Genetic Parameters Associated with Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Janse, Ineke C; Koldijk, Marjolein J; Spekhorst, Lieke M; Vila, Arnau Vich; Weersma, Rinse K; Dijkstra, Gerard; Horváth, Barbara
2016-01-01
BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has recently been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of HS in IBD and to identify clinical and genetic parameters associated with HS in IBD. METHODS: A questionnaire, validated for H
15. Prevalence and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Egeberg, Alexander; Jemec, Gregor B E; Kimball, Alexa B
2017-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. In small studies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with increased prevalence of HS, but data on the concurrence of IBD in patients with HS is limited. We therefore investigated the prevalence and risk of IBD...
16. Identification of Clinical and Genetic Parameters Associated with Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Janse, Ineke C.; Koldijk, Marjolein J.; Spekhorst, Lieke M.; Vila, Arnau Vich; Weersma, Rinse K.; Dijkstra, Gerard; Horvath, Barbara
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has recently been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of HS in IBD and to identify clinical and genetic parameters associated with HS in IBD. Methods: A questionnaire, validated for
17. Compartmentalized Cytokine Responses in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Theodora Kanni
Full Text Available Favorable treatment outcomes with TNF blockade led us to explore cytokine responses in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS.Blood monocytes of 120 patients and 24 healthy volunteers were subtyped by flow cytometry. Isolated blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs were stimulated for cytokine production; this was repeated in 13 severe patients during treatment with etanercept. Cytokines in pus were measured.CD14brightCD16dim inflammatory monocytes and patrolling monocytes were increased in Hurley III patients. Cytokine production by stimulated PBMCs was low compared to controls but the cytokine gene copies did not differ, indicating post-translational inhibition. The low production of IL-17 was restored, when cells were incubated with adalimumab. In pus, high concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected. Based on the patterns, six different cytokine profiles were discerned, which are potentially relevant for the choice of treatment. Clinical improvement with etanercept was predicted by increased production of IL-1β and IL-17 by PBMCs at week 8.Findings indicate compartmentalized cytokine expression in HS; high in pus but suppressed in PBMCs. This is modulated through blockade of TNF.
18. Hidradenitis suppurativa: from pathogenesis to diagnosis and treatment
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Napolitano M
2017-04-01
Full Text Available Maddalena Napolitano,1 Matteo Megna,2 Elena A Timoshchuk,3 Cataldo Patruno,2 Nicola Balato,2 Gabriella Fabbrocini,2 Giuseppe Monfrecola2 1Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, 2Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; 3Department of Dermatovenereology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia Abstract: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS is a chronic inflammatory skin disease primarily affecting apocrine gland-rich areas of the body and presenting with painful nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, and scarring. HS is a multifactorial disease in which genetic and environmental factors play a key role. The primary defect in HS pathophysiology involves follicular occlusion of the folliculopilosebaceous unit, followed by follicular rupture, and immune responses (perifollicular lympho-histiocytic inflammation, finally leading to the development of clinical HS lesions. HS has a destructive impact on the patient’s quality of life, being a very challenging disease. Available treatments are limited, mostly off-label and with high variability in the reported efficacy. Fortunately, a monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha has been recently approved for treatment of moderate to severe HS, offering patients a promising new option. This review focuses on the main features of HS, including epidemiology, clinical aspects, pathogenesis, severity classifications, comorbidities, and currently available treatments. Keywords: hidradenitis suppurativa, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kimball, A.B.; Kerdel, F.; Adams, D.
2012-01-01
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, painful skin disease characterized by abscesses, nodules, and draining fistulas in the axilla and groin of young adults. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor-αantibody, in patients......Trials.gov: NCT00918255) Setting: 26 academic and private practice medical centers in the United States and Europe. Patients: 154 adult patients with moderate to severe HS who were unresponsive or intolerant to oral antibiotics. Intervention: Patients were assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to adalimumab, 40 mg...
20. A review of wide surgical excision of hidradenitis suppurativa
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2012-06-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder that involves the infundibular terminal follicles in areas rich of apocrine glands. It can be associated with fistulating sinus, scarring and abscesses formation. Hidradenitis suppurativa is a challenging aspect and requires a proper treatment plan which may involve different specialties. We present herein the option of surgical treatment involving wide surgical excision and methods of reconstruction as well as the rate of recurrence. Furthermore, review of the literature regarding surgical treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa is provided. Methods A retrospective analysis reviewed 50 operative procedures for 32 patients in 5 anatomical sites. These anatomical sites have been divided to 23 sites involving the axilla, 17 sites involving the inguinal region and 8 sites involving the perianal/perineal area, 1 site involving the gluteal region and 1 site involving the trunk region. Results Twenty six patients (81, 25 % showed no recurrence after surgery and the average time of hospital stay period was 5 days. Recurrence was observed only in 6 patients (18, 75 %. Conclusion Elimination of the acute inflammatory process should occur in advance, including the use of antibiotics and minor surgeries such as abscess drainage with proper irrigations. After stabilizing the acute phase, wide surgical excision is recommended. Herein, planning of surgical reconstruction should be initiated to achieve the best outcome and consequently decreasing the risk of recurrence and complications after surgery.
1. Hidradenitis suppurativa: literature review and case report
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2012-06-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS is a chronic, recurrent and debilitating disease, affecting mainly women, especially in their second and third decades of life. Its most common incidence is in the axillary, inguinal, perianal and inframammary regions. Its complications include chronic fistulizing processes, with involvement of important adjacent structures, such as the sacrum and coccyx, the anal sphincter, urethra and great-caliber vessels, such as the groin vessels. The proportions of some cases of HS requiring extensive surgical procedures at several moments and the application of flaps and grafts, justify unusual cases reports, like this one. The authors present a case of extensive involvement of the perianal and gluteal regions, which required extended resection with flap in the first approach and fistulectomy in a second surgical moment, with good result for the patient.A hidradenite supurativa (HS é uma doença crônica, recorrente e debilitante, que afeta principalmente mulheres, sobretudo na segunda e terceira décadas de vida. Incide mais nas regiões axilar, inguinal, perianal e inframamária. Dentre suas complicações crônicas, são descritos processos fistulizantes com comprometimento de estruturas importantes, como o sacro e o cóccix, aparelho esfincteriano, uretra e vasos calibrosos, como os inguinais. As proporções de alguns casos de HS, exigindo intervenções alargadas, em vários tempos e com aplicação de retalhos e enxertos justificam relatos de casos que fogem da rotina, como o atual. Os autores apresentam um caso de comprometimento extenso da região glútea e perianal, que exigiu ressecção alargada com retalho e fistulectomia em um segundo tempo cirúrgico, com bom resultado para a paciente.
2. A Population- and Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study of Renal Function in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Miller, Iben M; Carlson, Nicholas; Mogensen, Ulla Brasch
2016-01-01
The chronic inflammatory skin diseases hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and psoriasis have been linked to cardiovascular risk factors and the latter has also been linked to possible renal dysfunction. Since basement membrane thinning in the skin of HS patients has been described, we speculated whether...
3. Ustekinumab in hidradenitis suppurativa : clinical results and a search for potential biomarkers in serum
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Blok, J. L.; Li, K.; Brodmerkel, C.; Horvatovich, P.; Jonkman, M. F.; Horvath, B.
Background Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is difficult and the search for effective therapies continues. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of ustekinumab and to discover a potential biomarker for HS. Methods Seventeen patients were included in this open-label study and treated with 45
4. Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Crohn’s Disease: A Case Series
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
Kirthi, S
2017-09-01
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is characterized by chronic recurrent abscesses, nodules and draining sinus tracts with scar formation. Cutaneous Crohn’s Disease (CD) may also present similarly. We wished to identify and describe an Irish cohort with combined HS and CD, with a view to a better recognition of clinical manifestations and understanding of the pathophysiology underlying these two overlapping conditions. Cases were identified using the HIPE Code at Tallaght Hospital from 1990-2014 and retrospective review was performed. Seven patients with both HS and CD were identified, 5(71%) female. The median age of diagnosis with both conditions was 37 years. In all cases, CD had preceded the diagnosis of HS. All patients smoked. Six had an increased BMI and 43% had additional autoimmune conditions. All patients required treatment with a TNF-alpha inhibitor for HS with 5 of 6 subjects having reduced frequency of flare ups and clinically less active HS on follow up
5. Pathogenesis: common pathways between hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease.
Science.gov (United States)
García Martínez, F J; Menchén, L
2016-09-01
Both hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease are considered chronic inflammatory diseases due to immune dysregulation. The high prevalence of Crohn disease patients diagnosed with hidradenitis suppurativa suggests the existence of common pathogenic links. The present literature review analyses the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis of the two diseases, in the search for new research and knowledge targets.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kimball, Alexa Boer; Okun, Martin; Williams, David A
2016-01-01
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa is a painful, chronic inflammatory skin disease with few options for effective treatment. In a phase 2 trial, adalimumab, an antibody against tumor necrosis factor á, showed efficacy against hidradenitis suppurativa. METHODS PIONEER I and II were similarly desi...
7. The Association between Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Crohn's Disease
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
van der Zee, Hessel H; Horvath, Barbara; Jemec, Gregor B E
2016-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, autoinflammatory skin disease. Shalom et al. demonstrate in a large cross-sectional study an association between Crohn's disease and hidradenitis suppurativa, but not with ulcerative colitis. This association supports the hypothesis that a similar pathogenic...
8. Evidence-based approach to the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa, based on the European guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gulliver, Wayne; Zouboulis, Christos C.; Prens, Errol
2016-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by painful, recurrent nodules and abscesses that rupture and lead to sinus tracts and scarring. To date, an evidence-based therapeutic approach has not been the standard of care and this is likely due ...
9. Evidence-based approach to the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa, based on the European guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa
NARCIS (Netherlands)
W.P. Gulliver (Wayne P.); C.C. Zouboulis (Christos C.); E.P. Prens (Errol); G.B.E. Jemec (Gregor); T. Tzellos (Thrasivoulos)
2016-01-01
textabstractHidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by painful, recurrent nodules and abscesses that rupture and lead to sinus tracts and scarring. To date, an evidence-based therapeutic approach has not been the standard of care and this is li
10. A Case of Relapsing Polyarthritis Associated With Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2016-11-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS is a chronic, inflammatory follicular skin disease with recurrent skin nodules, sinus tracts, and scarring. We observed a case of HS associated with relapsing polyarthritis. On presentation the patient had a flare of polyarthritis with an increase in the number and size of pustular nodules. He has had similar episodes 1 to 2 times yearly subsiding with antibiotic treatment. Radiographs revealed erosions and demineralization. Symptoms improved following institution of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy. HS is associated with several inflammatory conditions, and dysregulation in innate immunity may play an important role in etiopathogenesis. Spondyloarthritis/sacroiliitis is the most common joint manifestation in HS and mechanism(s underlying arthropathy is unknown. Treatment of arthritis in HS is anecdotal.
11. Disseminated Mycobacterium chelonae infection: Complicating a case of hidradenitis suppurativa
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Mycobacteium chelonae is a rapidly growing atypical mycobacteria known to be pathogenic in humans. We report a case of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS with diabetes complicated by infection of the lesions with Staphylococcus aureus and M. chelonae leading to non-healing and discharging lesions. HS is a rare, insidious and debilitating disease characterized by swollen, painful, inflamed lesions in the axillae, groin, and other parts of the body that contain apocrine glands. Discharge from HS lesions are often found to be sterile, however, polymicrobial bacterial colonization commonly occurs within sinus tracts which can lead to offensive smelling discharge, infection, cellulitis, and superinfection. The incidence of HS is very low and the association with M. chelonae makes it a rare and interesting case.
12. Scroto-perineal hidradenitis suppurativa complicated by giant scrotal elephantiasis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Scrotal elephantiasis has been a recognized complication of inguinal node irradiation, filarial infection, tumor involvement and surgical lymphatic destruction, but has rarely been reported in association with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS. HS, also known as acne inversa, is a chronic and often debilitating disease primarily affecting the axillae, inframammary regions and perineum. The location of the lesions may lead to social embarrassment and failure to seek medical treatment. Scroto-preineal HS complicated by scrotal elephantiasis is a distressing disease. Excisional surgery with reconstruction is the recommended treatment with a high likelihood of good outcome. We present a 38-year-old male patient with long-standing scroto-perineal HS complicated by giant scrotal elephantiasis.
13. Objective scoring of hidradenitis suppurativa reflecting the role of tobacco smoking and obesity
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sartorius, K; Emtestam, L; Jemec, G B E
2009-01-01
BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a long-standing disease with abscess and often fistula formation, predominantly in the axillae and groins. The disease is difficult to treat and has a severe impact on quality of life. A clinically relevant system for scoring disease severity is lackin...
14. Hidradenitis suppurativa : A disease of infundibular epidermis rather than pilosebaceous units?
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Janse, I. C.; Blok, J. L.; Diercks, G. F. H.; Horvath, B.; Jonkman, M. F.
although the exact pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is unknown, it is established that it is primarily an infundibulitis.(1,2) We consider infundibulum as epidermis and not as hair follicle according to Ackerman, as the type of epithelial tissue of infundibular epidermis is
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tarang Goyal
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Isolated cutaneous plasmacytosis (CP is a rare entity with few cases reported in world literature. CP masquerading as hidradenitis suppurativa like presentation is a unique case with some features differentiating it clinically from it which were further confirmed by histopathology and immunostaining. Our case showed hyperplasia of mature plasma cells and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, immunostaining for CD138 positivity and kappa: lambda ratio more than 3:1. Extensive clinical and laboratory investigations failed to reveal any underlying pathology, presence of any underlying disease accompanying the hypergammaglobulinemia and/or plasma cell proliferation.
16. Hidradenitis suppurativa and perianal Crohn disease: differential diagnosis.
Science.gov (United States)
Bassas-Vila, J; González Lama, Y
2016-09-01
The first description of perianal fistulas and complications in Crohn disease was made 75 years ago by Penner and Crohn. Published studies have subsequently confirmed that perianal fistulas are the most common manifestations of fistulising Crohn disease. Hidradenitis suppurativa was described in 1854 by a French surgeon, Aristide Verneuil. It is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent and debilitating disease of the pilosebaceous follicle, that usually manifests after puberty with deep, painful and inflamed lesions in the areas of the body with apocrine glands, usually the axillary, inguinal and anogenital regions. The differential diagnosis between hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease can be challenging, especially when the disease is primarily perianal. When they occur simultaneously, hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease show severe phenotypes and patients can respond to anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy, although adalimumab is currently the only treatment with demonstrated efficacy in hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease. In addition, there is sometimes a need for different complementary surgical procedures.
17. Hidradenitis suppurativa in Down’s syndrome: A case report
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2015-07-01
Full Text Available Of the many dermatological conditions thought to be linked with Down’s syndrome, hidradenitis suppurativa presents a peculiar manifestation. This brief case report summarises the clinical features and possible genetic basis for this fascinating association.
18. A 3D ultrasound study of sinus tract formation in hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Wortsman, Ximena; Jemec, Gregor
2013-01-01
Imaging of hidradenitis suppurativa allows the study of both the lesion morphology and evolution. Hidradenitis lesions of different stages were studied using 3D ultrasound in a cross sectional pilot study. A total of 25 HS patients (18 female/ 7 male, aged 18-46 year-old) and 10 healthy controls (5...... and characterization of the morphological changes in hidradenitis, which include the variable degrees of involvement of the hair follicles and the appearance of fluid collections and sinus tracts. Knowledge of this anatomical information may allow the identification of lesions that can benefit from medical or surgical...
19. Hidradenitis suppurativa in a HIV-infected child
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G Prabhu
2012-01-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS, a painful and chronic condition, commonly occurs in women and coincides with post-pubertal increase in sex hormones. A 13-year-old pre-pubertal HIV-infected male child presented to our clinic with a discharging right axillary lymph node swelling. The biopsy of the lesion showed features of HS. The patient was treated with oral antibiotics, oral steroids, and local antibiotic wash. Though the patient responded to this treatment, the clinical response was not adequate and the lesion recurred. Subsequently, the child was started on antiretroviral therapy (zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine. Following these medications, the lesions healed and had not recurred till we last examined the child. Thus, this is a rare presentation of a known condition in an HIV-infected pre-pubertal male child, which did not respond to usual modalities of treatment and had to be treated with antiretroviral therapy.
20. Recurrence rate and patient satisfaction of CO2 laser evaporation of lesions in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mikkelsen, Peter Riis; Dufour, Deirde Nathalie; Zarchi, Kian
2015-01-01
BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating disease and is difficult to treat. Validation of surgical techniques is therefore of great importance in the management of HS. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser evaporation has been shown effective, but larger-scale studies are scarce. OBJECTIVE...
1. Bacterial biofilm in chronic lesions of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ring, H C; Bay, L; Nilsson, M
2017-01-01
BACKGROUND: Chronic non-healing or recurrent inflammatory lesions, reminiscent of infection but recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy generally characterize biofilm driven-diseases. Chronic lesions of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) exhibit several aspects, which are compatible with well-known biofilm...... Acid (PNA) - Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) in combination with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). In addition, corresponding histopathological analysis in hematoxylin and eosin slides were performed. RESULTS: Biofilms were seen in 67% of the samples of chronic lesions and in 75......% of the perilesional samples. The mean diameter of aggregates in lesional skin was significantly greater than in perilesional skin (p=0.01). Biofilms exceeding 50 μm in diameter were found in 42% of lesional samples and only in only 5% of the perilesional samples (p=0.009). The majority of the large biofilms...
2. Hidradenitis suppurativa: an update on connecting the tracts [version 1; referees: 3 approved
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Mallory K Smith
2017-07-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS is a devastating disease involving abscesses, sinus tracts, and inflammation classically affecting the axilla, groin, and/or anogenital region. Although the disease pathogenesis is not fully understood, recent advances suggest that HS pathology runs much deeper than the cutaneous manifestations. It is now believed that HS is a systemic inflammatory disease that gives rise to the characteristic cutaneous manifestations. This disease is problematic for both patients and physicians to manage because of a variety of diagnostic and management difficulties. This article seeks to provide updates on the current understanding of HS to increase awareness and improve management.
3. Review of Current Immunologic Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa
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Victoria K. Shanmugam
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory disease of apocrine gland-bearing skin which affects approximately 1–4% of the population. The disease is more common in women and patients of African American descent and approximately one-third of patients report a family history. Obesity and smoking are known risk factors, but associations with other immune disorders, especially inflammatory bowel disease, are also recognized. The pathogenesis of HS is poorly understood and host innate or adaptive immune response, defective keratinocyte function, and the microbial environment in the hair follicle and apocrine gland have all been postulated to play a role in disease activity. While surgical interventions can be helpful to reduce disease burden, there is a high recurrence rate. Increasingly, data supports targeted immune therapy for HS, and longitudinal studies suggest benefit from these agents, both when used alone and as an adjunct to surgical treatments. The purpose of this review is to outline the current data supporting use of targeted immune therapy in HS management.
4. Improving quality of life in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Dufour, D.N.; Esmann, S.; Jemec, G.B.
2012-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease with abscess formation and scarring predominantly in the inverse areas. The disease is often difficult to treat and patients experience a decreased quality of life (QoL) and related psychosocial morbidity. Current knowledge...
5. Spotlight on adalimumab in the treatment of active moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa
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2016-10-01
6. Normal Skin Microbiota is Altered in Pre-clinical Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
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Ring, Hans Christian; Bay, Lene; Kallenbach, Klaus; Miller, Iben M; Prens, Errol; Saunte, Ditte M; Bjarnsholt, Thomas; Jemec, Gregor B E
2017-02-08
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease defined by recurrent nodules, tunnels (sinus tracts) and scarring involving the intertriginous regions. The clinical course of HS is compatible with a biofilm-driven disease, and biofilm has been described in lesional HS skin. We therefore hypothesized that clinically unaffected HS skin would also have an increased presence of biofilm compared with that of healthy controls. We conducted a case-control study, investigating the morphology of the axillary skin microbiota. Peptide nucleic acid - fluorescence in situ hybridization probes were used in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Significant differences were found in both distribution and quantity of the cutaneous microbiota in clinically non-affected axillary skin of patients with HS compared with healthy controls. Surprisingly, we detected fewer bacteria and less biofilm in patients with HS. The reduced microbiota in patients with HS may play an important role in the early course of the disease.
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Ian Gorovoy
2009-10-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic disease that affects the apocrine gland-bearing regions of the body. The etiology of this disorder is poorly understood, but most likely is a complex process involving follicular apocrine occlusion with subsequent perifolliculitis. Many treatment options have been reported with varying degrees of success, including topical and oral therapy and surgical procedures. Recently, TNF-α antagonists have been reported as effective therapy in a few patients. We report here a patient who initially responded to infliximab but developed an infusion reaction to this medication. After subsequent treatment with adalimumab, the patient’s disease improved dramatically and has been maintained under excellent control for over 15 months. We propose that TNF-α inhibitors, particularly monoclonal antibody based agents, are a viable treatment option in patients with severe, recalcitrant HS and that a patient may be safely and successfully treated with the fully human monoclonal antibody adalimumab in cases in which the chimeric monoclonal antibody infliximab therapy is not tolerated.
8. The Association between Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Crohn's Disease : in Search of the Missing Pathogenic Link
NARCIS (Netherlands)
van der Zee, Hessel H.; Horvath, Barbara; Jemec, Gregor B. E.; Prens, Errol P.
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, autoinflammatory skin disease. Shalom et al. demonstrate in a large cross-sectional study an association between Crohn's disease and hidradenitis suppurativa, but not with ulcerative colitis. This association supports the hypothesis that a similar pathogenic
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2009-12-01
Full Text Available A hidradenite supurativa é doença inflamatória de difícil tratamento. Recentemente, a terapia anti-TNF alfa, com anticorpos monoclonais ("terapia biológica", tem sido apontada como uma alternativa. No entanto, ensaios clínicos avaliando a eficácia destas drogas na hidradenite supurativa, ainda não foram publicados. Apresentamos um caso no qual o uso do infliximabe não resultou em melhora clínica expressiva.Hidradenitis suppurativa is an inflammatory disease with difficult treatment. Currently, the anti-TNF alfa therapy, with monoclonal antibodies ("biological therapy", has been shown as a new alternative. However, clinical trials assessing the efficacy of these drugs to treat hidradenitis suppurativa have not yet been published. A case in which the use of infliximab did not result in significant clinical improvement is described.
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Froehlich, D.; Glatzel, M. [Zentralklinikum, Suhl (Germany). Klinik fuer Strahlentherapie; Baaske, D. [Klinikum Chemnitz (Germany). Klinik fuer Radiologie und Radioonkologie
2000-06-01
11. Skin-Tissue-sparing Excision with Electrosurgical Peeling (STEEP) : a surgical treatment option for severe hidradenitis suppurativa Hurley stage II/III
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Blok, J. L.; Spoo, J. R.; Leeman, F. W. J.; Jonkman, M. F.; Horvath, B.
2015-01-01
BackgroundSurgery is the only curative treatment for removal of the persistent sinus tracts in the skin that are characteristic of severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Complete resection of the affected tissue by wide excision is currently regarded as the preferred surgical technique in these cases
12. The Perils of a Defective Medical Communication: Fatal Neglected Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Perineal Hidradenitis Suppurativa
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Calogero Pagliarello
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS is a recurrent suppurative disease characterized by inflammatory nodules, abscesses, fistulas, and scarring. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in chronic HS. In our case the asymptomatic lesion was neglected by the patient for a long time, allowing the occurrence of advanced disease before treatment was sought, which resulted in a terminal outcome. In the context of HS, a painful lump or ulcer could easily be mistaken for an inflammatory lesion, and therefore a low threshold for biopsy is warranted.
13. Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa with intralesional photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and 630nm laser beam.
Science.gov (United States)
2017-03-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease with multiple treatment options that have been used with mixed results. To evaluate the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of intralesional photodynamic therapy (I-PDT) in the management of HS. Also, to assess the effect of this technique on the different areas treated. Case series of 38 HS patients treated with I-PDT between 2011-2015 following a standardized protocol to assess response at the treated areas RESULTS: 29 patients achieved a complete response, while persistence was noted on 8 cases and only 1 suffered a recurrence. Difference between basal (median 28.5) and final (0) Hidradenitis Severity Score showed a significant reduction of 24.5 points (ptreatment option for localized HS lesions, achieving a high rate of remission with an adequate maintenance of response i and few complications. Copyright © 2016 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
14. Boils at Frictional Locations in a Patient with Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Science.gov (United States)
Boer, Jurr; Mihajlovic, Dalibor
2016-12-01
Dear Editor, Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory skin disease. The primary clinical presentation are painful inflamed nodules or boils of inverse areas, i.e. the axillary and anogenito-crural regions, but it can also involve the infra- and inter-mammary regions (1,2). The etiology of HS is not clearly defined. Obesity, smoking, and genetic factors are considered important risk factors. In addition, it has also been suggested that friction may contribute to the development of HS, especially in the obese, but this is based on highly anecdotal reports (3-5). We describe a case with classic HS, obesity, and HS-like lesions at the position of the bra strap, suggesting that mechanical stress was an external pathogenic factor for HS development. A 33-year old woman presented with an 18-year history of chronic, recurrent, inflammatory nodules in the axillae, the groin, the pubic region, and to a lesser extent the abdomen and buttocks. She was obese with as result of 33.2 kg/m-2 of 33.2, had a positive family history of two first grade family members with HS, and was a smoker (19 Pack years). There were no other known comorbidities. The inflamed lesions had been treated with several courses of oral antibiotics (minocycline, erythromycin, and combination therapy of clindamycin and rifampicine) and surgical treatments: lancing, deroofing, and excisions (2,6). On examination, there were nodules, folliculitis, cysts, and depressed scars in the axillae and groins, including the inner thighs (Figure 1). On the chest, corresponding to where the lower edge of the patient's bra was usually located, a superficial nodule and follicular papules were observed, exactly coinciding with the red stripe caused by mechanical stress (friction and pressure) of the bra edge. There was no skin fold present on the location of the HS lesions, and there were no lesions observed in the intermammary region or on the side of the breasts in contact with the skin of the
15. Association of hidradenitis suppurativa and familial Mediterranean fever: A case series of 6 patients.
Science.gov (United States)
Abbara, Salam; Georgin-Lavialle, Sophie; Stankovic Stojanovic, Katia; Bachmeyer, Claude; Senet, Patricia; Buob, David; Audia, Sylvain; Delcey, Véronique; Fellahi, Soraya; Bastard, Jean-Philippe; Awad, Fawaz; Legendre, Marie; Amselem, Serge; Grateau, Gilles
2017-03-01
16. An Update on Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Part I): Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Definition of Disease Severity.
Science.gov (United States)
Martorell, A; García-Martínez, F J; Jiménez-Gallo, D; Pascual, J C; Pereyra-Rodriguez, J; Salgado, L; Vilarrasa, E
2015-11-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disorder that has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to underestimations of prevalence and the considerable impact of the condition on interpersonal relationships, physical appearance, self-esteem, and body image. Although hidradenitis suppurative has a significant psychological impact on patients and can even cause physical limitations when thick scarring results in limb mobility limitation, until very recently little evidence was available relating to its epidemiology, etiology, or pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight the latest advances in our understanding of the epidemiological and clinical aspects of hidradenitis suppurativa. We will also look at the different classification systems for hidradenitis suppurativa and discuss the emergence of skin ultrasound as a promising technique for monitoring the course of this chronic inflammatory disease. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV. All rights reserved.
17. The Association between Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Crohn's Disease: in Search of the Missing Pathogenic Link.
Science.gov (United States)
van der Zee, Hessel H; Horvath, Barbara; Jemec, Gregor B E; Prens, Errol P
2016-09-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, autoinflammatory skin disease. Shalom et al. demonstrate in a large cross-sectional study an association between Crohn's disease and hidradenitis suppurativa, but not with ulcerative colitis. This association supports the hypothesis that a similar pathogenic mechanism contributes to both diseases, providing new possibilities for functional studies and therapy development.
18. Development and initial psychometric evaluation of patient-reported outcome questionnaires to evaluate the symptoms and impact of hidradenitis suppurativa.
Science.gov (United States)
Kimball, Alexa B; Sundaram, Murali; Banderas, Benjamin; Foley, Catherine; Shields, Alan L
2017-07-04
Two patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires, the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Symptom Assessment (HSSA) and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Impact Assessment (HSIA), were developed to measure signs, symptoms and impacts of HS in treatment efficacy studies. In accordance with FDA guidelines and published best practices, four stages of research were conducted to create the questionnaires: concept elicitation, questionnaire construction, content evaluation and psychometric evaluation. Subjects (N = 20) who participated in the concept elicitation stage reported 15 unique HS-related signs and symptoms and 51 impacts. Following this, eight sign and symptom concepts and 21 impacts were selected for construction of the HSSA and HSIA, respectively. During content evaluation, cognitive debriefing interviews with HS subjects (N = 20) confirmed subjects could read, comprehend and meaningfully respond to both questionnaires. Modifications made after this stage of work resulted in a nine-item HSSA and a 17-item HSIA. The HSSA and HSIA were subsequently entered into a US-based observational study (N = 40), and the scores produced by each were found to be reliable, construct valid, and able to distinguish among clinically distinct groups. The HSSA and HSIA are content-valid, HS-specific, PRO questionnaires with demonstrated ability to generate reliable, valid scores when administered to patients with HS in a research setting.
19. The Influence of Body Weight on the Prevalence and Severity of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kromann, Charles B; Ibler, Kristina S; Kristiansen, Viggo B
2014-01-01
The prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been estimated to be 1% of the population. Obesity is considered a co-morbidity, but the prevalence of HS in obese population is not known. A retrospective questionnaire was distributed to 383 patients over 2 years after bariatric surgery. Data...... on pre- and post-surgery HS symptoms and disease severity were studied. Disease severity was assessed by number of involved sites. General skin problems rated numerically on an anchored 1-10 scale. Valid responses were obtained from 249/383 (65%). A point prevalence of 18.1% (45/249) HS was found....... The number of patients reporting HS symptoms after weight loss decreased by 35% and the mean number of involved sites was reduced from 1.93 to 1.22 following weight loss (p = 0.003). The prevalence of HS appears higher in the obese than in the background population, and a weight loss of more than 15...
20. Hidradenitis suppurativa and inflammatory bowel disease: are they associated? Results of a pilot study.
Science.gov (United States)
van der Zee, H H; van der Woude, C J; Florencia, E F; Prens, E P
2010-01-01
Background The co-occurrence of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and Crohn disease (CD) published in a few case reports resulted in the wide acceptance of an association between these two diseases. However, the combined prevalence of these diseases is currently unknown; furthermore, it is unknown whether this co-occurrence also applies for ulcerative colitis (UC). Objectives To estimate the prevalence of HS in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) living in the Southwest of the Netherlands. Methods During an IBD patient information meeting, randomly, 158 patients with IBD were interviewed about recurrent painful boils in the axillae and/or groin and were shown illustrative clinical pictures of the appearance of HS. Results Of the 158 patients interviewed, 102 (65%) had CD and 56 (35%) had UC. Twenty-five people (16%) responded that they had had or still experienced painful boils in the axillae and/or groin, of whom 17 were patients with CD (17%) and eight had UC (14%). Conclusions This pilot study shows for the first time that HS occurs in patients with CD or UC. More prospective studies are warranted to establish the association between HS and IBD and its underlying pathogenesis.
1. Incidence of hidradenitis suppurativa in the United States: A sex- and age-adjusted population analysis.
Science.gov (United States)
Garg, Amit; Lavian, Jonathan; Lin, Gloria; Strunk, Andrew; Alloo, Allireza
2017-07-01
2. Hedgehog pathway does not play a role in hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mozeika, E.; Jemec, G.B.E.; Nürnberg, B.M.
2011-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronically relapsing skin disorder with onset after puberty and is characterized by inflammatory lesions in hair follicle and apocrine sweat gland-bearing skin that manifests as abscesses with formation of cysts and sinus tracts. Hedgehog family genes are required...... in normal embryonic skin, hair follicle, sebaceous and sweat gland development. Mutations of hedgehog pathway in adult skin have previously been found in basal cell carcinomas and in alopecia as well as in epidermal cysts and in odontogenic keratocysts. Therefore, we suggested that the hedgehog pathway...... might play a role in formation of sinus tracts and cysts as newly formed structures in hidradenitis suppurativa patients. None of the sinus tracts or cysts in 81 hidradenitis suppurativa histological slides from 34 patients showed positive finding for sonic hedgehog mutation. According to our findings...
3. Diseases associated with hidranitis suppurativa: part 2 of a series on hidradenitis.
Science.gov (United States)
Scheinfeld, Noah
2013-06-15
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a pathologic follicular disease, impacts patients' lives profoundly and usually occurs in isolation. The diseases with the strongest association are obesity, depression, and pain. HS is associated with many diseases including acne conglobata (AC), dissecting cellulitis, pilonidal cysts, and obesity. Pyoderma fistulans sinifica (fox den disease) appears to be the same entity as Hurley Stage 2 of 3 HS. The rate of acne vulgaris in HS patients mirrors unaffected controls. The most common, albeit still uncommon, association is with seronegative, haplotype unlinked arthritis (most importantly B27), in particular spondolyarthritis. Crohn disease and HS occur together at a rate that varies from 0.6% to 38% in retrospective cases series. Ulcerative colitis occurred with HS in 14% of patients in one series. The next most common association is with pyoderma gangrenosum, but this association is likely under-reported. Synovitis-Acne-Pustulosis Hyperostosis-Osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome, which is rare, has more than 10 reports linking it to HS. Nine case reports have linked Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) to HS and two reports related HS to Fox-Fordyce disease (FF), but because both occur in the axilla this might be a mere coincidence. HS is rarely associated with ophthalmic pathology. Specifically, more than 5 reports link it to Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness syndrome (KID); greater than10 cases link it to interstitial keratitis and 2 cases are linked to Behçet's disease. The presence of proteinuria and acute nephritis link HS to the kidney, especially since and reports have documented resolution of HS after renal transplant. Florid steatocystoma multiplex, Sjogren Syndrome, and HS have been linked and their reports likely underestimate their coincidence because all these entities involve occlusion (albeit by different mechanisms). Three reports link HS and amyloid, but both share some common genetic underpinnings and thus the coincidence of these
4. Axillary Reconstruction for Hidradenitis Suppurativa with an Inner-Arm Transposition Flap Creating a Brachioplasty Effect
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Daniel L. Ching
2017-05-01
Full Text Available BackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS is a chronic skin condition that can affect any area with apocrine sweat glands and has the potential to involve multiple sites concurrently. Commonly affected sites include the axilla, groin, perineum and perianal areas. In this study we performed a literature review on the surgical methods for HS and describe an innovative technique for reconstructing axilla HS using an inner-arm transposition flap.MethodsWe reviewed all cases (5 cases from 4 patients of transposition flap reconstruction performed by the senior author at a single London tertiary hospital from 2008–2013. Patient related outcome measures were collected using the Derriford appearance scale (DAS 24 and a study specific questionnaire.ResultsAll patients were satisfied with their final result. One out of five cases had a complication but did not result in flap failure. There is no disease recurrence to date. DAS 24 scores collected demonstrated acceptable postoperative distress that did not deviate far from the norm tables while study specific questionnaire reveal desirable outcomes.ConclusionsWe have managed to achieve our aim through the use of the innovative inner-arm transposition flap. Our study hopes to provide an additional technique for axillary reconstruction. This technique offers the effective concealment of scars with the benefit of tightening of the arm tissue producing ‘brachioplasty like’ effects. All things considered it would be reasonable to conclude the innovative flap technique is a reliable, effective, and simple method that results in multiple benefits.
5. A systematic review of the use of lasers for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.
Science.gov (United States)
John, Hannah; Manoloudakis, Nikolaos; Stephen Sinclair, J
2016-10-01
To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of various types of lasers (and light based therapies) for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and to establish recommendations based on our findings. MEDLINE, Cochrane and PubMed databases. English language studies describing the use of laser for the treatment of HS. Multiple reviewers performed independent extraction and identified 22 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were categorised according to grading recommendations based on evidence quality guidelines for systematic reviews. Only 2 studies met criteria to be assigned the highest grade. Nd:YAG laser has been shown to be effective for the treatment of HS, as is intense pulsed light therapy (IPL) using the same principles of laser hair removal. There is weak evidence to recommend the use of carbon dioxide, diode or alexandrite lasers. The need for larger randomized controlled trials is highlighted. Copyright © 2016 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
6. Clinical experience of the use of adalimumab in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa. Comparison of response rates with Crohn disease.
Science.gov (United States)
Moyano, B; Clemente, A; Marín-Jiménez, I; Martorell, A
2016-09-01
The recent approval of adalimumab as the first treatment to be approved for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa has represented a before and after in the control of this chronic inflammatory disease. Given the inflammatory burden of this cutaneous disease, in the last few years hidradenitis suppurativa has been compared with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly with Crohn disease, to the point of considering hidradenitis suppurativa as "Crohn disease of the skin". These two chronic inflammatory diseases show sufficient similarities to consider whether treatment response based on the inflammatory load could also be similar. The present article aims to analyse the efficacy of adalimumab in hidradenitis suppurativa in comparison with a truly comparable disease, Crohn disease, with a view to evaluating therapeutic response rates and to drawing conclusions on the therapeutic success obtained in this disabling cutaneous disease.
7. Is hidradenitis suppurativa associated with anaemia?: a population-based and hospital-based cross-sectional study from Denmark.
Science.gov (United States)
Miller, I M; Johansen, M E; Mogensen, U B; Zarchi, K; Ellervik, C; Jemec, G B
2016-08-01
Chronic inflammatory diseases may be associated with anaemia of inflammation. Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory dermatological disease associated with metabolic comorbidities, low quality of life and fatigue. Anaemia may cause fatigue, and it has been hypothesized that HS-related fatigue may be partly due to anaemia. Our objective was to investigate a possible association between HS and anaemia. We performed a hospital-based and population-based cross-sectional study investigating the red blood cell profile, i.e. haemoglobin. We identified a total of 32 hospital HS individuals, 430 population HS individuals and 20,780 population non-HS control individuals. The age-sex-smoking-adjusted analyses showed no differences in the haemoglobin level of the HS groups vs. the control group. Analyses of the anaemic subgroup of HS individuals revealed that 60% had normocytic anaemia and 40% microcytic anaemia, in concordance with anaemia of inflammation. In contrast to our hypothesis, this study showed that HS is not associated with anaemia. Thus, anaemia may not be the cause of the described fatigue in HS patients. Furthermore, the results indicate that if an HS patient does suffer from anaemia it is most likely to be normocytic or microcytic and thus compatible with anaemia seen in other chronic inflammatory disorders. © 2015 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.
8. Radical Surgical Excision and Use of Lateral Thoracic Flap for Intractable Axillary Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wan-Lin Teo
2012-11-01
Full Text Available Current treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS include prolonged courses of antibiotics,retinoids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Severe cases that are resistant to prolongedmedical treatment pose a therapeutic challenge. We propose radical excision and lateral thoracicflap reconstruction as a treatment option for such cases. In our experience with two patients,good aesthetic and functional outcomes were achieved, with a high level of patient satisfaction.The availability of suitable flap coverage allows for wide resection of all of the hair-bearing skin,leading to a low incidence of residual disease and subsequent recurrence. Following excisionof the affected tissue, the ideal reconstructive method in the axilla provides suitable coveragewithout unacceptable donor site morbidity and also avoids axillary contractures. A long lateralthoracic flap with delay has excellent coverage with minimal donor tissue sacrifice. With asuitable flap coverage option, the management paradigm of intractable HS should shift fromprolonged medical treatment to allow decisive radical excision, which will improve the qualityof life for patients.
9. Radical Surgical Excision and Use of Lateral Thoracic Flap for Intractable Axillary Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wan-Lin Teo
2012-11-01
Full Text Available Current treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS include prolonged courses of antibiotics, retinoids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Severe cases that are resistant to prolonged medical treatment pose a therapeutic challenge. We propose radical excision and lateral thoracic flap reconstruction as a treatment option for such cases. In our experience with two patients, good aesthetic and functional outcomes were achieved, with a high level of patient satisfaction. The availability of suitable flap coverage allows for wide resection of all of the hair-bearing skin, leading to a low incidence of residual disease and subsequent recurrence. Following excision of the affected tissue, the ideal reconstructive method in the axilla provides suitable coverage without unacceptable donor site morbidity and also avoids axillary contractures. A long lateral thoracic flap with delay has excellent coverage with minimal donor tissue sacrifice. With a suitable flap coverage option, the management paradigm of intractable HS should shift from prolonged medical treatment to allow decisive radical excision, which will improve the quality of life for patients.
10. Hidradenitis suppurativa: guidelines of the Italian Society of Dermatology and Venereology (SIDeMaST) for the use of anti-TNF-α agents.
Science.gov (United States)
Megna, M; Bettoli, V; Chimenti, S; Chiricozzi, A; Naldi, L; Virgili, A; Girolomoni, G; Monfrecola, G
2015-12-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by nodules, abscesses and sinus tracts, primarily affecting the intertriginous areas. The occlusion of the upper part of the folliculopilosebaceous unit, leading to rupture of the sebofollicular canal with the consequent development of perifollicular lympho-histiocytic inflammation, is believed to be the initial pathogenic event in HS. Giving the chronic nature of HS, its destructive impact on social, working and daily life of patients, its management is often frustrating both for patients and physicians. The HS treatment choices are influenced by disease severity and its individual subjective impact. In this article, the Board of the Italian Society of Dermatology and Venereology (SIDeMaST) on HS has prepared a document focusing on the role of biologic drugs (anti-TNF-α) in HS management, providing also a flow-chart for HS handling and the inclusion and exclusion criteria for HS treatment with anti-TNF-α.
11. The Clinical Significance of Increased Serum Proinflammatory Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein, and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa
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D. Jiménez-Gallo
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Objectives. To assess inflammatory serum markers including serum proinflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR according to the clinical inflammatory activity of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS. Patients and Methods. Seventy-four patients with HS were studied based on the Hidradenitis Suppurativa-Physician Global Assessment (HS-PGA score and Hurley staging system. Proinflammatory cytokines were measured using a multiplex cytokine assay. Twenty-two healthy volunteers were recruited. Results. Serum interleukin- (IL- 6, IL-23, soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α receptor I (sTNF-RI, CRP, and ESR were different in the patients with HS compared with those in the healthy controls (P0.25, P<0.05. The levels of IL-6 (r=0.53, P<0.001, CRP (r=0.54, P<0.001, and ESR (r=0.60, P<0.001 were especially well correlated with clinical inflammatory activity based on HS-PGA scores. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII, CRP, and ESR were significantly elevated according to Hurley staging system. Conclusions. Serum proinflammatory cytokines, CRP, and ESR are increased in relation to the clinical inflammatory activity of patients with HS compared with healthy controls. Serum IL-6, CRP, and ESR are effective biomarkers for evaluating the severity of HS.
12. Protocol for the development of a core domain set for hidradenitis suppurativa trial outcomes
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Thorlacius, Linnea; Garg, Amit; Villumsen, Bente; Esmann, Solveig; Kirby, Joslyn S; Gottlieb, Alice B; Merola, Joseph F; Dellavalle, Robert; Jemec, Gregor B E
2017-01-01
Introduction Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) should have well-defined primary and secondary outcomes to answer questions generated by the main hypotheses. However, for the chronic, inflammatory skin disease hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), the reported outcome measures are numerous and diverse. A recent systematic review found a total of 30 outcome measure instruments in 12 RCTs. This use of a broad range of outcome measures can increase difficulties in interpretation and comparison of results and may potentially obstruct appropriate evidence synthesis by causing reporting bias. One strategy for dealing with these problems is to develop a core outcome set (COS). A COS is a list of outcomes that are meant as mandatory and should be measured and reported in all clinical trials. The aim of this study is to develop a COS for the management of HS. Method and analysis An international steering group of researchers, clinicians and a patient research partner will guide the COS development. 6 stakeholder groups are involved: patients, dermatologists, surgeons, nurses, industry representatives and drug regulatory authorities. A 1:1 ratio of patients:healthcare professionals is aimed for. The initial list of candidate items will be obtained by combining three data sets: (1) a systematic review of the literature, (2) US and Danish qualitative interview studies involving patients with HS and (3) an online healthcare professional (HCP) item generation survey. To reach consensus on the COS, 4 anonymous online Delphi rounds are then planned together with 2 face-to-face consensus meetings (1 in Europe and 1 in the USA) to ensure global representation. Ethics and dissemination The study will be performed according to the Helsinki declaration. All results from the study, including inconclusive or negative results, will be published in peer-reviewed indexed journals. The study will involve different stakeholder groups to ensure that the developed COS will be suitable and well
13. Improvement of overlapping hidradenitis suppurativa and ankylosing spondylitis after the introduction of adalimumab
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Dubravka Bosnić
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by occlusion of the follicular pilosebaceous units of the skin. The treatment options are sometimes very limited and unpleasant odor and abundant drainage complicate the disease. Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of seronegative spondyloarthritis with predominantly axial but also peripheral joint involvement. Both of the conditions lower the patient’s quality of life and affect everyday activities. We describe a 39-year-old male patient with both diseases treated with different medications with only a modest result. After the initiation of a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α inhibitor (adalimumab the patient experienced first the musculoskeletal and later on the skin improvement. The introduction of TNF- inhibitors should be considered early in the treatment of overlapping hidradenitis suppurativa and the spondyloarthritis spectrum of conditions. Available medical data confirm the positive results and beneficial effect on disease course, activity and, most importantly, quality of life.
14. Improvement of overlapping hidradenitis suppurativa and ankylosing spondylitis after the introduction of adalimumab
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Bosnić, Dubravka; Žarković, Branimir; Zarkovic, Maja; Anić, Branimir
2016-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by occlusion of the follicular pilosebaceous units of the skin. The treatment options are sometimes very limited and unpleasant odor and abundant drainage complicate the disease. Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of seronegative spondyloarthritis with predominantly axial but also peripheral joint involvement. Both of the conditions lower the patient’s quality of life and affect everyday activities. We describe a 39-year-old male patient with both diseases treated with different medications with only a modest result. After the initiation of a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitor (adalimumab) the patient experienced first the musculoskeletal and later on the skin improvement. The introduction of TNF-α inhibitors should be considered early in the treatment of overlapping hidradenitis suppurativa and the spondyloarthritis spectrum of conditions. Available medical data confirm the positive results and beneficial effect on disease course, activity and, most importantly, quality of life. PMID:28115784
15. Improvement of overlapping hidradenitis suppurativa and ankylosing spondylitis after the introduction of adalimumab.
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Bosnić, Dubravka; Žarković, Branimir; Barešić, Marko; Zarkovic, Maja; Anić, Branimir
2016-01-01
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by occlusion of the follicular pilosebaceous units of the skin. The treatment options are sometimes very limited and unpleasant odor and abundant drainage complicate the disease. Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of seronegative spondyloarthritis with predominantly axial but also peripheral joint involvement. Both of the conditions lower the patient's quality of life and affect everyday activities. We describe a 39-year-old male patient with both diseases treated with different medications with only a modest result. After the initiation of a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitor (adalimumab) the patient experienced first the musculoskeletal and later on the skin improvement. The introduction of TNF-α inhibitors should be considered early in the treatment of overlapping hidradenitis suppurativa and the spondyloarthritis spectrum of conditions. Available medical data confirm the positive results and beneficial effect on disease course, activity and, most importantly, quality of life.
16. Hidradenitis suppurativa presenting with a posterior neck mass: a case report
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Lee, Seung Young; Jeon, Min Hee; Bae, Il Heon; Han, Gi Seok; Cha, Sang Hoo; Kim, Sung Jin; Park, Kil Sun [Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju (Korea, Republic of)
2007-06-15
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a rare disorder that is characterized by recurrent chronic skin infections and the formation of sinus tracts and considerable scaring. A 37-year-old man presented with a hard posterior neck mass. Multiple pus-producing sinuses were detected in the skin covering the mass. MRI demonstrated an ill-defined, soft tissue mass with multiple variable sized cystic lesions. The soft tissue mass measured 12 x 10 x 4 cm in the subcutaneous fat layer, it contained multifocal cystic lesions that revealed higher signal intensity on both the T1-and T2-weighted images, as compared with the adjacent neck muscles. The mass was not enhanced on the post-contrast T1 weighted images. Some of the cystic lesions extended to the skin. The mass was removed surgically and confirmed to be hidradenitis suppurativa.
17. The clinical pattern of axillary hidradenitis suppurativa among Saudi Arabians: Mode of presentation and treatment challenges
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2017-01-01
Full Text Available Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic follicular occlusive disease affecting the folliculopilosebaceous unit. The clinical course is variable, ranging from mild to severe cases. Definitive evidence-based guidelines for the management are lacking. In addition, the multifaceted clinical features and the unpredictable course of the disease make a uniform approach to treatment impractical. As a result, there are multiple therapeutic approaches. Therefore, in this study, we aim to analyze the results of management of axillary hidradenitis suppurativa among the local community in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort database analysis of 1369 patients diagnosed and treated for axillary hidradenitis suppurativa between January 2004 and December 2013 was done. Seven hundred and forty-one (54.12% were females and 628 (45.87% were males. All patients with Stage I disease favored the conservative method while all patients with Stage II chose the surgical approach. Results: The mean age was 25.5 years. Nine hundred and seventy-four (71.15% patients were treated conservatively; the mean healing time was 5.5 weeks. Three hundred and ninety-five (28.85% patients were treated surgically. One hundred and fourteen (28.9% had incision and drainage, 281 (71.1% had complete excision; all wounds eventually healed without significant scarring. The recurrence rate was 12.5% (122 patients in the conservative method group and zero (0% in the surgical method group. Conclusions: Hidradenitis suppurativa remains a challenging clinical condition for patients and physicians. Further studies need to focus not only on the etiology of this disease but also on the optimal treatment regimen. Public awareness programs are necessary to avoid late presentation and complications.
18. Utility of transperineal and anal ultrasonography in the diagnostics of hidradenitis suppurativa and its differentiation from a rectal fistula.
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Kołodziejczak, Małgorzata; Sudoł-Szopińska, Iwona; Wilczyńska, Aleksandra; Bierca, Jacek
2012-11-14
The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is not fully understood. There exist several theories, in which mechanical factors, genetic factors, as well as immunological dysfunction of lymphocytes are suspected. Clinically, this entity is frequently mistaken for anal fistula with consequently wrong treatment. We aim to determine the utility of transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) and anal ultrasound (AUS) in the diagnosis of HS and its differentiation from an anal fistula. Retrospective analysis was performed on 51 patients (5 females, 46 males) aged 20-71 years (mean age 47.5), who were operated on in the years 2006-2011 for HS in the area of the anus and perineum, and pre-operatively had been imaged with TPUS and AUS. Sixty-seven operations were analyzed, as 11 patients were operated on more than once due to HS recurrence. In 66 out of 67 cases (98.5%), the pre-operative TPUS and AUS were in accordance with the intraoperative findings. Only in 1 patient was a pilonidal cyst diagnosed intraoperatively. In all 67 patients, the TPUS showed typical fluid-solid changes localized in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In 6 out of 67 cases of HS (8.9%) AUS showed an anal fistula coexisting with the HS. In 2 cases (2.9%) a skin malignancy coexisting with HS was found. TPUS is an accessible imaging method, which confirms the typical localization of changes of HS, and together with AUS it allows for the proper differentiation of HS from an anal fistula or an abscess.
19. Hidradenitis suppurativa: retrospective study of 20 cases Hidradenite supurativa: estudo retrospectivo de 20 casos
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Nurimar Conceição Fernandes
2013-06-01
Full Text Available In this study, twenty cases of severe hidradenitis suppurativa are reported, mainly in non-white people and in axillary areas. Wide surgical excision has offered good results, although relapses have occurred at variable intervals in the follow-up period.São relatados 20 casos de hidradenite supurativa grave, com predomínio de não brancos e regiões axilares. A excisão cirúrgica ampla trouxe bons resultados, embora a recidiva ocorresse em intervalos variáveis no acompanhamento.
20. Bacterial Colonization in Hidradenitis Suppurativa/Acne Inversa: A Cross-sectional Study of 50 Patients and Review of the Literature.
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Nikolakis, Georgios; Liakou, Aikaterini I; Bonovas, Stefanos; Seltmann, Holger; Bonitsis, Nikolaos; Join-Lambert, Olivier; Wild, Thomas; Karagiannidis, Ioannis; Zolke-Fischer, Silvia; Langner, Klaus; Zouboulis, Christos C
2016-11-24
It is unclear whether bacterial colonization in hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS) comprises a primary cause, triggering factor or secondary phenomenon of the disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, the connection between certain bacterial species, the disease severity and its localization is unknown. Bacterial species were isolated from HS lesions to reveal a potential correlation with localization and disease severity. Ninety swab tests were prospectively obtained from 90 HS lesions of 50 consecutive patients. The material was cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The identified species were statistically correlated with Hurley stage and localization of the lesions. The most prevalent isolates were reported. Hurley stage significantly correlated with disease localization. Particular bacterial species were associated with "extended" disease and Hurley III stage with the detection of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and with a higher number of species. The presence of bacterial species is dependent on the local milieu, which correlates with the localization of the disease, its clinical manifestations and its extension.
1. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy improved refractory acne conglobata and perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens rather than hidradenitis suppurativa
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Linglin Zhang
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Acne conglobata (AC, perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (PCAS and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS are uncommon refractory chronic, inflammatory, scarring diseases but cause serious damage to the quality of life. These three diseases are associated with follicular occlusion. Several studies indicated topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT improved follicular occlusion besides acne treatment. So we attempted to apply ALA-PDT to medicine resistant AC, PCAS and HS. Topical ALA-PDT was applied to 10 patients with AC, seven patients with PCAS and three patients with HS for more than three sessions. All the patients completed the dermatology life quality index (DLQI questionnaire and were assessed for the efficacy at the baseline and on two weeks after each treatment. Adverse effects were recorded at each visit. The results showed 25.5% (5/20, two cases of AC and three cases of PCAS of patients achieved excellent improvement after three sessions of PDT and another 60.0% (12/20, eight cases of AC and four cases of PCAS of patients achieved good improvement. 15.0% (3/20, three cases of HS got poor response (< 20% lesions clearance. Another five cases (three cases of AC and two cases of PCAS also achieved excellent response after 5–7 sessions of PDT. We also found that papular/nodular, cyst/abscess showed higher clearance rate than sinus/fistula (88.5%, 86.1% versus 11.1%. DLQI was reduced after three sessions of PDT in AC and PCAS patients rather than HS patients. 5-ALA-PDT could improve refractory AC and PCAS but could not lead to improvement in late stage of HS. The efficacy increased with more treatment sessions.
2. A Disease-Modifying Approach for Advanced Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Regimen with Metformin, Liraglutide, Dapsone, and Finasteride: A Case Report
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Birgit N. Khandalavala
2017-07-01
Full Text Available Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS is a challenging skin disease with limited therapeutic options. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are being increasingly implicated and associated with younger ages and greater metabolic severity. A 19-year-old female with an 8-year history of progressively debilitating cicatricial HS disease presented with obesity, profound anemia, leukocytosis, increased platelet count, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated liver enzymes. A combination of metformin, liraglutide, levonorgestrel-ethinyl estradiol, dapsone, and finasteride was initiated. Acute antibiotic use for recurrences and flares could be slowly discontinued. Over the course of 3 years on this regimen, the liver enzymes normalized in 1 year, followed in2 years by complete resolution of the majority of the hematological and metabolic abnormalities. The sedimentation rate reduced from over 120 to 34 mm/h. She required 1 surgical intervention for perianal disease after 9 months on the regimen. Flares greatly diminished in intensity and duration, with none in the past 6 months. Right axillary lesions have completely healed with residual disease greatly reduced. Chiefly abdominal lesions are persistent. She was able to complete high school from home, start a job, and resume a normal life. Initial weight loss of 40 pounds was not maintained. The current regimen is being well tolerated and continued.
3. A prospective randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.
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Yildiz, Hamza; Senol, Levent; Ercan, Erdinc; Bilgili, Memet Ersan; Karabudak Abuaf, Ozlem
2016-02-01
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) appears to enhance wound healing, increase bactericidal activity, and act synergistically with a number of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of HBOT as an adjunctive therapy in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) treated with a combination of systemic rifampicin and clindamycin. The study was a prospective, single-center, single-dose, open-label, randomized controlled clinical study of HBOT in patients with moderate to severe HS. Efficacy was measured by modified Sartorius score (SS), HS Severity Index (HSSI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and a visual analog scale (VAS) before treatment and after the completion of 4 and 10 weeks of treatment. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also measured. Forty-three patients were enrolled in the study. More patients in the HBOT than in the control group showed a decrease of ≥50% from baseline parameters at week 10 for SS (100%), HSSI (100%), DLQI (95.5%), VAS (100%), ESR (100%), and CRP (72.7%). Clinically and statistically significant improvements from baseline were observed at 4 and 10 weeks in HSSI (P = 0.009 at both), SS (P = 0.021 at both), and DLQI (P = 0.044 at week 4, P = 0.009 at week 10). Adjunctive HBOT was considered to be effective in significantly improving antibiotic treatment of HS. The treatment was well tolerated, and no unexpected safety issues were identified.
4. Acne Conglobata Associated with Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Disorders of Follicular Occlusion (Case Report
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Pecova K.
2015-09-01
Full Text Available The author is presenting the case of a 23-year-old female patient with a severe form of acne conglobata, with the first symptoms of the disease occurring as far back as the prepubertal age. In the past year the disease has combined with hidradenitis suppurativa (to be referred to henceforth as “HS”, Hurley stage I, in the axillae and both sides of the inguinal region, with a family history of acne conglobata (both her mother and brother were affected. Further examinations ruled out inflammatory bowel disease because of a lack of further associated symptoms, except for sideropenic anaemia (lesser form and lower serum values of vitamin D. Up until now the disease has been resistant to treatment, including the long-term treatment of methylprednisolone in combination with isotretinoid as well as dapsone and antibiotics.
5. A study on the management of hidradenitis suppurativa with retinoids and surgical excision
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Neerja Puri
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic skin condition involving the apocrine glandular zones. Affected patients may present with acute abscesses, but the condition often progresses to a chronic state with persistent pain, sepsis, sinus tract, fistula formation, purulent discharge, and dermal scarring. The treatment of patients with severe disease can be difficult and may require complex surgical intervention. Materials and Methods: For this study, we selected 30 patients from the outpatient department. The patients were divided into two groups of 15 patients each. In patients of group I, oral acitretin 0.5 mg/kg body weight was given alone. Oral acitretin was given for a period of 12 weeks, and follow-up of the patients was done every 4 weeks for a period of 6 months. In patients of group II, oral acitretin 0.5 mg/kg was given plus a wide surgical excision was done. Results and Discussion: In our study, the commonest site of involvement of hidradenitis suppurativa was axilla in 83.3% patients, perineum was involved in 13.3% patients, and periumbilical involvement was seen in 3.3% patients. The commonest clinical feature was nodules seen in 90% patients; pain was seen in 60% patients, dermal scarring in 73.3% patients, malodorous discharge in 33.3% patients, abscess in 30% patients, and fistulous tracts were seen in 20% patients. The recurrence rate was low (20% in group II patients in whom oral acitretin was given plus surgical excision was done as compared with group I (40% in whom oral acitretin was given alone.
6. Utility of transperineal and anal ultrasonography in the diagnostics of hidradenitis suppurativa and its differentiation from a rectal fistula
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Małgorzata Kołodziejczak
2012-11-01
Full Text Available Introduction:The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS is not fully understood. There exist several theories, in which mechanical factors, genetic factors, as well as immunological dysfunction of lymphocytes are suspected. Clinically, this entity is frequently mistaken for anal fistula with consequently wrong treatment.We aim to determine the utility of transperineal ultrasound (TPUS and anal ultrasound (AUS in the diagnosis of HS and its differentiation from an anal fistula.Material/Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 51 patients (5 females, 46 males aged 20–71 years (mean age 47.5, who were operated on in the years 2006–2011 for HS in the area of the anus and perineum, and pre-operatively had been imaged with TPUS and AUS. Sixty-seven operations were analyzed, as 11 patients were operated on more than once due to HS recurrence.Results:In 66 out of 67 cases (98.5� the pre-operative TPUS and AUS were in accordance with the intraoperative findings. Only in 1 patient was a pilonidal cyst diagnosed intraoperatively. In all 67 patients, the TPUS showed typical fluid-solid changes localized in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In 6 out of 67 cases of HS (8.9�20AUS showed an anal fistula coexisting with the HS. In 2 cases (2.9�20a skin malignancy coexisting with HS was found.Discussion:TPUS is an accessible imaging method, which confirms the typical localization of changes of HS, and together with AUS it allows for the proper differentiation of HS from an anal fistula or an abscess.
7. Use of lasers for the management of refractory cases of hidradenitis suppurativa and pilonidal sinus
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Vivek Jain
2012-01-01
Full Text Available Background: Hidradinitis suppurativa (HS and pilonidal sinus (PNS are chronic inflamatory skin diseases, often refractory to treatment and search for a new treatment is on. We tried deroofing with the help of carbon dioxide laser in patients of HS and PNS, however there was recurrence. Aim: To evaluate a technique combining the use of CO 2 laser and long pulse 1064 nm Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of HS and PNS. Materials and Methods: In 4 patients with HS and 5 patients with PNS, we performed procedure in two steps: first destroying the hair follicles with long pulse Nd yag 1064 laserfollowed by deroofing with carbon di oxide laser. Follow up was done upto 3 years. Results: All patients with HS were females in the age group of 30-40 years. In PNS, 2 male patients were of age less than 20, two male patients of age more than 20 and one females of age less than 20. None of the HS or PNS patients showed recurrence. Conclusion: The deroofing with CO 2 laser along with hair follicle removal with long pulse Nd:YAG laser is an effective minimally invasive tissue saving surgical intervention for the treatment of refractory HS and PNS lesions.
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... Boards study tools Online Learning Center Meetings and events Make a difference Career planning Media Relations Toolkit AAD apps Academy meeting Chronic urticaria—for members Chronic urticaria—for public Dermatology World Dialogues in Dermatology JAAD Mohs AUC ...
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Jemec, G.B.E.
2012-01-01
A 36-year-old woman has recurrent boils under both arms and in the groin. They flare premenstrually, causing pain, suppuration, and an offensive odor. Scarring has developed in the groin area, and chronically draining sinus tracts are interspersed with normal skin. Treatment with short courses of...
10. Should hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa best be renamed as "dissecting terminal hair folliculitis"?
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Chen, WenChieh; Plewig, Gerd
2016-09-13
Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa is a diverse, enigmatic and distressful disease that has aroused growing interest in specialists from different disciplines. Both names describe its classical manifestations in the intertriginous regions and reflect the historical view of the disease definition, but cause confusions in the understanding of its pathogenesis and classification. In the light of the advance in clinical, histopathological and pathophysiological findings, we propose the term "dissecting terminal hair folliculitis" (DTHF) to characterize its disease nature as folliculitis instead of acneiform disease or apocrine gland disorder. DTHF attacks exclusively the terminal hair follicles in an overwhelming majority of adults, initiating from the fragile acroinfundibulum leading to a non-infectious overreaction of innate immunity system with inflammation that may fiercely dissect and engulf all the surrounding tissues accompanied by secondary bacterial infections. Evidence indicates that perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens and pilonidal disease are very likely regional variants of DTHF with the same pathogenesis. Treatment of DTHF remains frustrating. The benefit of biologics in targeting inflammation is so far non-specific, palliative and inconsistent. Hair epilation and photodynamic therapy in treatment of the disease is questionable in consideration of the pathogenesis. Genetic and translational research, especially on the Notch signalling pathways, will yield breakthrough in the development of novel treatment modalities.
11. Reconstruction in extensive axillary Hidradenitis suppurativa with local fasciocutaneous V-Y advancement flaps
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Sharma Ramesh
2006-01-01
Full Text Available We present our experience with the use of local fasciocutaneous V-Y advancement flaps in the reconstruction of 10 axillae in 6 patients for large defects following wide excision of long-standing Hidradenitis suppurativa of the axilla. The defects were closed with local V-Y subcutaneous island flaps. A single flap from the chest wall was sufficient for moderate defects. However, for larger defects, an additional flap was taken from the medial side of the ipsilateral arm. The donor defects could be closed primarily in all the patients. The local areas of the lateral chest wall and the medial side of the arm have a plentiful supply of cutaneous perforators and the flaps can be designed in a V-Y fashion without resorting to preoperative marking of the perforator. The flaps were freed sufficiently to allow adequate movement for closure of the defects. Although no attempt was made to identify the perforators specifically, many perforators were seen entering the flap. Some perforators can be safely divided to increase reach of the flap. All the flaps survived completely. A follow up of 2.5 years is presented.
12. An interesting uncommon side effect of topical corticosteroids-hidradenitis suppurativa
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Yugandar Inakanti
2015-07-01
Full Text Available There are many local and systemic side-effects of topical corticosteroids. To the best of our Knowledge, Hidradenitis Supportive (HS due to topical corticosteroids has not been reported previously. We report a 39-year old, male patient who started himself a topical corticosteroid Pander Plus cream because of itching, scaly lesions over groins and buttocks since 6 months. After 4 months of topical treatment, he developed pus discharging sinuses over both groins and buttocks. Based on patient history, clinical and laboratory findings and the exclusion of other diagnoses, HS points out the use of topical corticosteroids. The case well highlights this unusual condition and represents the first case reported in India to our best of the knowledge. Having performed thorough literature search I would like to discuss in this report the evidence for this relation and stress the importance of appropriate usage of topical corticosteroids.
13. Risk factors for hidradenitis suppurativa: a pilot study Fatores de risco para hidradenite supurativa: um estudo piloto
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Juliano Vilaverde Schmitt
2012-12-01
14. Hidradenitis suppurativa: a disease of the absent sebaceous gland? Sebaceous gland number and volume are significantly reduced in uninvolved hair follicles from patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kamp, S; Fiehn, A M; Dokkedahl, Karin Stenderup;
2011-01-01
in paraffin and stained with haematoxylin and eosin prior to volume estimation using the Cavalieri principle. RESULTS: Sebaceous gland tissue could be visualized in only 10 of 15 suitable hair follicle biopsies from patients with HS but was present in all biopsies from healthy controls (P = 0·05) and the mean...
15. A Population- and Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study of Renal Function in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Miller, Iben M; Carlson, Nicholas; Mogensen, Ulla Brasch;
2016-01-01
similar basement membrane defects might occur in renal tissue. Our objective was to investigate a possible association between HS and renal dysfunction. We performed a hospital and population-based cross-sectional study using estimated Glomerular-Filtration-Rate (eGFR) to assess renal function. Thirty......-two hospital individuals with HS, 430 population individuals with HS, and 20, 780 population individuals without HS were identified. The age-sex-smoking-BMI-hypertension-diabetes adjusted analysis revealed a statistically significant higher eGFR for the hospital group with HS and a mean difference in eGFR of 6.......81 (1.27-12.35) ml/min/1.73 m between the hospital group with HS and the population group without HS. The observed higher eGFR in the hospital group with HS indicates a possible association of HS and renal dysfunction....
16. Topical treatments of skin pain: a general review with a focus on hidradenitis suppurativa with topical agents.
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Scheinfeld, Noah
2014-07-15
Hidradenitis Supprurativa (HS) is a painful chronic follicular disease. Few papers have addressed pain control for this debilitating condition. Possible topical agents include tricyclic antidepressants, opioids, anticonvulsants, NSAIDs, NMDA receptor antagonists, local anesthetics and other agents. The first line agents for the topical treatment of the cutaneous pain of HS are diclonefac gel 1% and liposomal xylocaine 4% and 5% cream or 5% ointment. The chief advantage of topical xylocaine is that is quick acting i.e. immediate however with a limited duration of effect 1-2 hours. The use of topical ketamine, which blocks n-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in a non-competitive fashion, might be a useful tool for the treatment of HS pain. Topical doxepin, which available in a 5% commercially preparation (Zonalon®) , makes patients drowsy and is not useful for controlling the pain of HS . Doxepin is available in a 3% or 3.3% concentration (which causes less drowsiness) from compounding pharmacies and can be used in compounded analgesic preparations with positive effect. Topical doxepin is preferred over use of topical amitriptyline because topical doxepin is more effective. Nevertheless, topical amitriptyline increase of the tactile and mechanical nociceptive thresholds and can be used for topical pain control in compound mixture of analgesics . Gabapentin and pregablin can also be used compounded with other agents in topical analgesic preparations with positive topical anesthetic effect. Capsaicin is not useful for topical treatment of the pain of HS. Sometimes compounded of anesthetics medications such as ketamine 10%, bupivacaine 1%, diclofenac 3%, doxepin 3% or 3.3%, and gabapentin 6% can extend the duration of effect so that medication only needs to be used 2 or 3 times a day. Still in my experience the easiest to get and most patient requested agent is topical diclonefac 1% gel.
17. Normal Skin Microbiota is Altered in Pre-clinical Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ring, Hans Christian; Bay, Lene; Kallenbach, Klaus
2017-01-01
therefore hypothesized that clinically unaffected HS skin would also have an increased presence of biofilm compared with that of healthy controls. We conducted a case-control study, investigating the morphology of the axillary skin microbiota. Peptide nucleic acid – fluorescence in situ hybridization probes...... were used in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Significant differences were found in both distribution and quantity of the cutaneous microbiota in clinically non-affected axillary skin of patients with HS compared with healthy controls. Surprisingly, we detected fewer bacteria...... and less biofilm in patients with HS. The reduced microbiota in patients with HS may play an important role in the early course of the disease....
18. Pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, suppurative hidradenitis (PASH) and polycystic ovary syndrome: Coincidentally or aetiologically connected?
Science.gov (United States)
Zivanovic, Dubravka; Masirevic, Iva; Ruzicka, Thomas; Braun-Falco, Markus; Nikolic, Milos
2016-02-02
The clinical triad of pyoderma gangrenosum, acne conglobata and hidradenitis suppurativa has been named PASH syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenism and inflammation. Hidradenitis suppurativa, like acne vulgaris, may be a feature of hyperandrogenism. Obesity may be associated with both hidradenitis suppurativa and PCOS. We describe a possible association between PASH syndrome and PCOS.
19. Experience with ustekinumab for the treatment of moderate to severe Hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gulliver, W.P.; Baker, K.A.; Jemec, G.B.E.
2012-01-01
, however, abrogation of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) function has proven effective in some patients. Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of the interleukin-12/23 inhibitor, ustekinumab for treatment of HS in three patients with moderate-severe disease. Methods The subjects received 3-45 mg...... subcutaneous injections of ustekinumab at 0, 1 and 4 months. Improvement was assessed by the dermatology life quality index (DLQI), visual analogue scale of pain (VAS) and physician's global assessment (PGA) at each monthly visit. Results Prior to treatment, subjects had moderate-severe HS (Hurley stage II......-III) with a DLQI score between 8 and 12. At 6 months, one patient showed complete disease remission, while a 25-49% improvement was seen in a second patient and no change in a third. A moderate but statistically significant relationship was observed between VAS and DLQI scores (r = 0.75; P
20. Protocol for the development of a core domain set for hidradenitis suppurativa trial outcomes
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Thorlacius, Linnea; Ingram, John R; Garg, Amit
2017-01-01
Delphi rounds are then planned together with 2 face-to-face consensus meetings (1 in Europe and 1 in the USA) to ensure global representation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study will be performed according to the Helsinki declaration. All results from the study, including inconclusive or negative...... for dealing with these problems is to develop a core outcome set (COS). A COS is a list of outcomes that are meant as mandatory and should be measured and reported in all clinical trials. The aim of this study is to develop a COS for the management of HS. METHOD AND ANALYSIS: An international steering group...... of researchers, clinicians and a patient research partner will guide the COS development. 6 stakeholder groups are involved: patients, dermatologists, surgeons, nurses, industry representatives and drug regulatory authorities. A 1:1 ratio of patients:healthcare professionals is aimed for. The initial list...
1. Remission of refractory pyoderma gangrenosum, severe acne, and hidradenitis suppurativa (PASH) syndrome using targeted antibiotic therapy in 4 patients.
Science.gov (United States)
Join-Lambert, Olivier; Duchatelet, Sabine; Delage, Maïa; Miskinyte, Snaigune; Coignard, Hélène; Lemarchand, Nicolas; Alemy-Carreau, Murielle; Lortholary, Olivier; Nassif, Xavier; Hovnanian, Alain; Nassif, Aude
2015-11-01
Pyoderma gangrenosum, severe acne, and suppurative hidradenitis (PASH) syndrome can prove refractory to treatment and is characterized by relapses and recurrences. The combination of antibiotic therapy and surgery can produce success in the management of the syndrome. Acute treatment is required, but maintenance therapy is also necessary to prevent disease relapse. The response to antibiotic therapy is hypothesis generating, raising the issue of a modified host response. To date, anecdotal reports support the use of surgery and medical therapy, but controlled investigations with extended follow-up are necessary to substantiate preliminary data observed with individual cases.
2. Dissecting cellulitis (Perifolliculitis Capitis Abscedens et Suffodiens): a comprehensive review focusing on new treatments and findings of the last decade with commentary comparing the therapies and causes of dissecting cellulitis to hidradenitis suppurativa.
Science.gov (United States)
Scheinfeld, Noah
2014-05-16
Dissecting cellulitis (DC) also referred to as to as perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (Hoffman) manifests with perifollicular pustules, nodules, abscesses and sinuses that evolve into scarring alopecia. In the U.S., it predominantly occurs in African American men between 20-40 years of age. DC also occurs in other races and women more rarely. DC has been reported worldwide. Older therapies reported effective include: low dose oral zinc, isotretinoin, minocycline, sulfa drugs, tetracycline, prednisone, intralesional triamcinolone, incision and drainage, dapsone, antiandrogens (in women), topical clindamycin, topical isotretinoin, X-ray epilation and ablation, ablative C02 lasers, hair removal lasers (800nm and 694nm), and surgical excision. Newer treatments reported include tumor necrosis factor blockers (TNFB), quinolones, macrolide antibiotics, rifampin, alitretinoin, metronidazole, and high dose zinc sulphate (135-220 mg TID). Isotretinoin seems to provide the best chance at remission, but the number of reports is small, dosing schedules variable, and the long term follow up beyond a year is negligible; treatment failures have been reported. TNFB can succeed when isotretinoin fails, either as monotherapy, or as a bridge to aggressive surgical treatment, but long term data is lacking. Non-medical therapies noted in the last decade include: the 1064 nm laser, ALA-PDT, and modern external beam radiation therapy. Studies that span more than 1 year are lacking. Newer pathologic hair findings include: pigmented casts, black dots, and "3D" yellow dots. Newer associations include: keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, Crohn disease and pyoderma gangrenosum. Older associations include arthritis and keratitis. DC is likely a reaction pattern, as is shown by its varied therapeutic successes and failures. The etiology of DC remains enigmatic and DC is distinct from hidradenitis suppurativa, which is shown by their varied responses to therapies and their
3. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of adalimumab in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Miller, I; Lynggaard, C D; Lophaven, S
2011-01-01
subcutaneously (s.c.) at baseline followed by 40 mg s.c. every other week for 12 weeks. Placebo-treated patients received identical-looking injections with no active ingredient. The medicine was dispensed in sequentially numbered computer-randomized containers. Participants, care givers and those assessing...... the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. The primary efficacy endpoints were changes in the HS scores (Sartorius and Hurley scoring systems). Secondary efficacy endpoints included changes in pain (visual analogue scale), days with lesions and Dermatology Life Quality Index, and evaluation of scarring...
4. The ABC of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lipsker, Dan; Severac, François; Freysz, Marie
2016-01-01
clinical situations were identified in which naming with established semantics is so far not possible. For these situations, the terms 'multicord', 'multipore', 'multitunnel' and 'retraction' were defined. DISCUSSION: This is the first validation of clinical terms used to describe lesions in patients...
5. Steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa: case report of a rare condition*
Science.gov (United States)
Santana, Cândida Naira Lima e Lima; Pereira, Daniele do Nascimento; Lisboa, Alice Paixão; Leal, Juliana Martins; Obadia, Daniel Lago; da Silva, Roberto Souto
2016-01-01
Steatocystoma multiplex is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the presence of hamartomatous malformations at the junction of the pilosebaceous duct. It consists of encapsulated cystic lesions in the dermis, with adjacent sebaceous gland. When associated with inflammation, resembling hidradenitis, it is called steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa, a condition rarely reported. This is the first case of steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa reported in the Brazilian literature. Female patient, 23 years old, with papular and nodular cystic lesions that started in the armpits and groin, later spreading to the trunk, lower limbs, anticubital fossa, face and scalp. The presence of papular-nodular lesions associated with disseminated hidradenitis-like lesions in flexural areas and the histopathological diagnosis of steatocystoma defined the diagnosis of steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa.
6. Hydradenitis suppurativa and inflammatory bowel disease: An unusual, but existing association.
Science.gov (United States)
Principi, Mariabeatrice; Cassano, Nicoletta; Contaldo, Antonella; Iannone, Andrea; Losurdo, Giuseppe; Barone, Michele; Mastrolonardo, Mario; Vena, Gino Antonio; Ierardi, Enzo; Di Leo, Alfredo
2016-05-28
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) could be associated with several extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) involving musculoskeletal, hepatopancreatobiliary, ocular, renal, and pulmonary systems, as well as the skin. In the last years, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is acquiring an increasing interest. IBD, especially Crohn's disease (CD), is among the most reported associated diseases in HS patients. The aim of this paper is to give a brief overview of data showing a possible epidemiologic and pathogenetic association between IBD and HS. We performed a pooled-data analysis of four studies and pooled prevalence of HS in IBD patients was 12.8%, with a 95%CI of 11.7%-13.9%. HS was present in 17.3% of subjects with CD (95%CI: 15.5%-19.1%) and in 8.5% of UC patients (95%CI: 7.0%-9.9%). Some items, especially altered immune imbalance, are generally involved in IBD pathogenesis as well as invoked by HS. Smoking is one of the most relevant risk factors for both disorders, representing a predictor of their severity, despite, actually, there being a lack of studies analyzing a possible shared pathway. A role for inheritance in HS and CD pathogenesis has been supposed. Despite a genetic susceptibility having been demonstrated for both diseases, further studies are needed to investigate a genetic mutual route. Although the pathogenesis of IBD and HS is generally linked to alterations of the immune response, recent findings suggest a role for intestinal and skin microbiota, respectively. In detail, the frequent finding of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci on HS cutaneous lesions suggests a bacterial involvement in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, microflora varies in the different cutaneous regions of the body and, consequently, two different profiles of HS patients have been identified on these bases. On the other hand, it is well-known that intestinal microbiota may be considered as "the explosive mixture" at the origin of IBD despite the exact
7. Acne inversa (Hidradenitis suppurativa: A review with a focus on pathogenesis and treatment
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Uwe Wollina
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Acne inversa (AI is a disabilitating chronic inflammatory disease with major negative impact on quality of life and significant co-morbidities. This is an important link to insights into immune dysfunction, which stimulated therapeutic approaches like tumor necrosis-α inhibitor therapy. This new off-label drug treatment is particularly beneficial when used in combination with wide excision of inflamed skin and subcutaneous tissue. Retinoids have been reported to be helpful in secondary prevention. The standard of therapy in advanced cases is surgery with wide excisions and healing by secondary intention. This treatment results in significant reduction of complaints and achieves satisfactory body contouring.
8. hs-CRP Test
Science.gov (United States)
9. HS3 Data Catalog
Science.gov (United States)
Emory, Amber Elizabeth; Chirica, Dan Cristian; Doyle, Jim
2013-01-01
This presentation covered the original plan for the Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) Data Catalog available through the ESPO HS3 mission page (http://espo.nasa.gov/missions/hs3/) and provided examples of Model Products, Operational Products, and Research (Instrument) Products from the 2012 field campaign. The presentation also covered lessons learned and suggested improvements to the Data Catalog for the upcoming 2013 HS3 field campaign.
10. SN 2011hs
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bufano, F.; Pignata, G.; Bersten, M.
2014-01-01
Observations spanning a large wavelength range, from X-ray to radio, of the Type IIb supernova 2011hs are presented, covering its evolution during the first year after explosion. The optical light curve presents a narrower shape and a fainter luminosity at peak than previously observed for Type I...
11. Pyoderma gangrenosum, acne conglobata, suppurative hidradenitis, and axial spondyloarthritis: efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy.
Science.gov (United States)
Bruzzese, Vincenzo
2012-12-01
We report the case of a patient with a simultaneous presence of pyoderma gangrenosum, acne conglobata, suppurative hidradenitis, and axial spondyloarthritis. This condition differs from both the PASH (pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and suppurative hidradenitis) syndrome, in which arthritis is absent, and the PAPA (pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne) syndrome, in which suppurative hidradenitis is lacking. Our patient failed to respond to etanercept therapy, whereas all dermatologic and rheumatic manifestations completely regressed following infliximab infusion. We therefore propose that simultaneous presence of pyoderma gangrenosum, acne conglobata, suppurative hidradenitis, and seronegative spondyloarthritis might represent a distinct syndrome that could be termed the PASS syndrome. Tumor necrosis factor α therapies seem to play selective roles.
12. HS0139+0559, HS0229+8016, HS0506+7725 and HS0642+5049: Four new long-period cataclysmic variables
CERN Document Server
Aungwerojwit, A; Rodríguez-Gil, P; Hagen, H J; Harlaftis, E T; Papadimitriou, C; Lehto, H; Araújo-Betancor, S; Heber, U; Fried, R E; Engels, D; Katajainen, S
2005-01-01
We present time-resolved optical spectroscopy and photometry of four relatively bright (V~14.0-15.5) long-period cataclysmic variables (CVs) discovered in the Hamburg Quasar Survey: HS0139+0559, HS0229+8016, HS0506+7725 and HS0642+5049. Their respective orbital periods, 243.69+-0.49min, 232.550+-0.049min, 212.7+-0.2min and 225.90+-0.23min are determined from radial velocity and photometric variability studies. HS0506+7725 is characterised by strong Balmer and He emission lines, short-period (~10-20min) flickering and weak X-ray emission in the ROSAT All Sky Survey. The detection of a deep low state (~18.5) identifies HS0506+7725 as a member of the VY Scl stars. HS0139+0559, HS0229+8016 and HS0642+5049 display thick-disc like spectra and no or only weak flickering activity. HS0139+0559 and HS0229+8016 exhibit clean quasi-sinusoidal radial velocity varations of their emission lines but no or very little orbital photometric variability. In contrast, we detect no radial velocity variation in HS0642+5049 but a not...
13. Italian Validation of Homophobia Scale (HS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Giacomo Ciocca, PsyD, PhD
2015-09-01
Conclusions: The Italian validation of the HS revealed the use of this self‐report test to have good psychometric properties. This study offers a new tool to assess homophobia. In this regard, the HS can be introduced into the clinical praxis and into programs for the prevention of homophobic behavior. Ciocca G, Capuano N, Tuziak B, Mollaioli D, Limoncin E, Valsecchi D, Carosa E, Gravina GL, Gianfrilli D, Lenzi A, and Jannini EA. Italian validation of Homophobia Scale (HS. Sex Med 2015;3:213–218.
14. Pyoderma gangrenosum, acne and suppurative hidradenitis syndrome following bowel bypass surgery.
Science.gov (United States)
Marzano, Angelo V; Ishak, Rim S; Colombo, Antonella; Caroli, Francesco; Crosti, Carlo
2012-01-01
The clinical triad of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), acne and suppurative hidradenitis (PASH) has recently been described as a new disease entity within the spectrum of autoinflammatory syndromes, which are an emerging group of inflammatory diseases distinct from autoimmune, allergic and infectious disorders. PASH syndrome is similar to PAPA (pyogenic arthritis, acne and PG), but it differs in lacking the associated arthritis and on a genetic basis. PAPA syndrome is caused by mutations in a gene involved in the regulation of innate immune responses, the PSTPIP1, while no mutations have been detected to date in patients with PASH syndrome. We report a young male patient who developed coexisting disseminated PG, typical suppurative hidradenitis and acneiform eruption on the face, after he had undergone bowel bypass surgery for obesity. The cutaneous manifestations associated with bowel bypass syndrome often mimic PG or other neutrophilic dermatoses, suggesting a pathogenesis related to neutrophil-mediated inflammation for this condition. This is the first report describing PASH syndrome after bariatric surgery, and we propose to include such neutrophilic dermatoses in the list of complications occurring after bowel bypass surgery. Extensive genetic studies may help to clarify the etiopathogenesis of PASH as well as of autoinflammatory diseases in general.
15. Italian Validation of Homophobia Scale (HS).
Science.gov (United States)
Ciocca, Giacomo; Capuano, Nicolina; Tuziak, Bogdan; Mollaioli, Daniele; Limoncin, Erika; Valsecchi, Diana; Carosa, Eleonora; Gravina, Giovanni L; Gianfrilli, Daniele; Lenzi, Andrea; Jannini, Emmanuele A
2015-09-01
The Homophobia Scale (HS) is a valid tool to assess homophobia. This test is self-reporting, composed of 25 items, which assesses a total score and three factors linked to homophobia: behavior/negative affect, affect/behavioral aggression, and negative cognition. The aim of this study was to validate the HS in the Italian context. An Italian translation of the HS was carried out by two bilingual people, after which an English native translated the test back into the English language. A psychologist and sexologist checked the translated items from a clinical point of view. We recruited 100 subjects aged18-65 for the Italian validation of the HS. The Pearson coefficient and Cronbach's α coefficient were performed to test the test-retest reliability and internal consistency. A sociodemographic questionnaire including the main information as age, geographic distribution, partnership status, education, religious orientation, and sex orientation was administrated together with the translated version of HS. The analysis of the internal consistency showed an overall Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.92. In the four domains, the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.90 in behavior/negative affect, 0.94 in affect/behavioral aggression, and 0.92 in negative cognition, whereas in the total score was 0.86. The test-retest reliability showed the following results: the HS total score was r = 0.93 (P homophobia. In this regard, the HS can be introduced into the clinical praxis and into programs for the prevention of homophobic behavior.
16. HS06 Benchmark for an ARM Server
Science.gov (United States)
Kluth, Stefan
2014-06-01
We benchmarked an ARM cortex-A9 based server system with a four-core CPU running at 1.1 GHz. The system used Ubuntu 12.04 as operating system and the HEPSPEC 2006 (HS06) benchmarking suite was compiled natively with gcc-4.4 on the system. The benchmark was run for various settings of the relevant gcc compiler options. We did not find significant influence from the compiler options on the benchmark result. The final HS06 benchmark result is 10.4.
17. HS06 Benchmark for an ARM Server
CERN Document Server
Kluth, Stefan
2013-01-01
We benchmarked an ARM cortex-A9 based server system with a four-core CPU running at 1.1 GHz. The system used Ubuntu 12.04 as operating system and the HEPSPEC 2006 (HS06) benchmarking suite was compiled natively with gcc-4.4 on the system. The benchmark was run for various settings of the relevant gcc compiler options. We did not find significant influence from the compiler options on the benchmark result. The final HS06 benchmark result is 10.4.
18. VIRTUAL REALITY HYPNOSIS FOR PAIN CONTROL IN A PATIENT WITH GLUTEAL HIDRADENITIS:A CASE REPORT().
Science.gov (United States)
Soltani, Maryam; Teeley, Aubriana M; Wiechman, Shelley A; Jensen, Mark P; Sharar, Sam R; Patterson, David R
2011-01-01
This case report describes the use of hypnotic analgesia induced through immersive three-dimensional computer-generated virtual reality, better known as virtual reality hypnosis (VRH), in the treatment of a patient with ongoing pain associated with gluteal hidradenitis, The patient participated in the study for two consecutive days white hospitalized at a regional trauma centre. At pretreatment, she reported severe pain intensity and unpleasantness as well as high levels of anxiety and nervousness. She was then administered two sessions of virtual reality hypnotic treatment for decreased pain and anxiety. The patient's ratings of 'time spent thinking about pain', pain intensity, 'unpleasantness of pain', and anxiety decreased from before to after each daily VRH session, as well as from Day One to Day Two. The findings indicate that VRH may benefit individuals with severe, ongoing pain from a chronic condition, and that a controlled clinical trial examining its efficacy is warranted.
19. DHS HS-STEM Final Report.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Russell, Anna Christine [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
2014-09-01
Throughout my HS-STEM internship, I worked on two different projects with a systems analysis group at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, California (SNLCA). The first, and primary, project entailed building a conceptual model of health surveillance detection of a bioterror attack. The second project was much smaller in scope and looked at cost tradeoffs between volumetric and surface decontamination after the release of anthrax in a city. Both projects helped me to understand the challenges of planning for a bioterror attack and the importance of preparedness in the public health sector.
20. the doubly magic nucleus 270Hs
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Silisteanu I.
2016-01-01
Full Text Available The α-decay and spontaneous fission half-lives of nuclei around 270Hs are calculated with formulas derived from an in-depth analysis of the available experimental data and of results of theoretical models. The parameters of these formulas result from the fit of half-lives with respect to the reaction energies, the height of the SF barrier and the fissionability. The calculated partial and total half-lives are compared with the experimental data and results of other approximations. Half-life predictions are made for many unknown nuclei.
1. Occupational Accident Declaration Form (HS50)
CERN Multimedia
HR Department
2007-01-01
https://cern.ch/service-procedures/AdminMan/Forms/HS50E.doc •\tIt must be completed within 10 working days of the date on which the accident occurred (§ 29.2.1), unless the person concerned is materially unable to meet this deadline. • The completed formula must be accompanied by a medical certificate giving details of any bodily injuries resulting from the accident (Annex 1, § 5). The medical certificate must be obtained from the doctor who has been consulted for that purpose. Benefits resulting from illnesses and accidents Medical treatment will cease to be reimbursed under the occupational scheme in the event of cure (defined in § 15 as the certified end to the impairment of the patient’s state of health caused by the illness or accident), or consolidation (defined in § 14 as certification that no further improvement in the patient’s state of health can be expected from appropriate medical treatment). The right to such reimbursement shall resume only in the...
2. Analysis of the HI-6, HS-3 and HS-6, Influence on the Liver Methabolizing Enzyme Systems
Science.gov (United States)
2001-09-01
ON THE LIVER METHABOLIZING ENZIME SYSTEMS Christophor Dishovsky, Maria Kadiiska*, Petko Alov* Military Medical Academy, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria...reactivators of ChE, liver, methabolizing enzime systems FIGURES AND TABLES Table 1. Effect of reactivators of ChE HS-3, HS-6, HI-6 on the hexobarbital
3. Pyogenic Arthritis, Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Acne, Suppurative Hidradenitis (PA-PASH) Syndrome: An Atypical Presentation of a Rare Syndrome
Science.gov (United States)
Ursani, Mohammad A.; Appleyard, Joan; Whiteru, Onome
2016-01-01
Patient: Male, 44 Final Diagnosis: PAPASH syndrome Symptoms: Recurrent skin ulcers • diarrhea • inflammatory arthritis Medication: Prednisone • anti-tumor necrosis factor Clinical Procedure: N/A Specialty: Rheumatology Objective: Rare disease Background: Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), acne, and suppurative hidradenitis (PA-PASH) syndrome has been linked to an auto-inflammatory pathway. We report a case that is an atypical presentation of a rare syndrome, which supports literature suggesting that different phenotypes of PG-related syndromes may be a variation of the same pathogenic spectrum. Interestingly, our patient displayed a positive proteinase-3 antibody (PR-3). The clinical relevance of this is unclear. In recent literature, antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) positivity has been reported in various inflammatory conditions other than ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Case Report: A 44-year-old African American male with history of pyogenic arthritis, acne, suppurative hidradenitis, and chronic diarrhea presented for evaluation of painful ulcers located on the bilateral lower extremities, bilateral proximal interphalangeal joints, buttocks, and scrotum, and chronic diarrhea. Infectious etiologies for the ulcers were ruled out. Biopsy of an ulcer revealed PG. Colonoscopy revealed inflammation and ulceration with biopsy consistent with ulcerative colitis (UC). After treatment with prednisone, the ulcers healed within 4 weeks, and the chronic diarrhea resolved. Conclusions: Our patient displayed a variation of PA-PASH syndrome and UC. Previously reported cases of similar phenotypes of PG-related syndromes have not presented in this fashion. Furthermore, the literature does not report cases of PG-related syndromes with an elevation in PR-3 antibody. Elevation in PR-3 has been reported in various inflammatory disorders aside from AAV. The relevance of this is currently unclear. It may be possible that the milieus of these various
4. Spin Crossover in Dinuclear N4S2 Iron(II) Thioether-Triazole Complexes: Access to [HS-HS], [HS-LS], and [LS-LS] States.
Science.gov (United States)
Hogue, Ross W; Feltham, Humphrey L C; Miller, Reece G; Brooker, Sally
2016-05-01
Access to a new family of thioether-linked PSRT ligands, 4-substituted-3,5-bis{[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfanyl]methyl}-4H-1,2,4-triazoles (analogues of the previously studied amino-linked PMRT ligands), has been established. Four such ligands have been prepared, PSPhT, PS(i)BuT, PS(t-Bu)PhT, and PS(Me)PhT, with R = Ph, (i)Bu, (t-Bu)Ph, and (Me)Ph, respectively. Three dinuclear colorless to pale green iron(II) complexes, [Fe(II)2(PSRT)2](BF4)4·solvent, featuring N4S2 donor sets, were prepared. Single-crystal structure determinations on [Fe(II)2(PSPhT)2](BF4)4·2MeCN·H2O, [Fe(II)2(PSPhT)2](BF4)4·2(1)/2MeCN·(1)/2H2O·THF, [Fe(II)2(PS(Me)PhT)2](BF4)4·2MeCN, and [Fe(II)2(PS(i)BuT)2](BF4)4·4MeCN reveal that all four are stabilized in the [HS-HS] state to 100 K and that both possible binding modes of the bis-terdentate ligands, cis- and trans-axial, are observed. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility studies of air-dried crystals (solvatomorphs of the single crystal samples) reveal the first examples of spin crossover (SCO) for a dinuclear iron(II) complex with N4S2 coordination. Specifically, [Fe(II)2(PSPhT)2](BF4)4·2(1)/2H2O undergoes a multistep but complete SCO from [HS-HS] to [LS-LS], whereas [Fe(II)2(PS(Me)PhT)2](BF4)4·1(1)/2MeCN·2H2O exhibits a half-SCO from [HS-HS] to [HS-LS]. In contrast, [Fe(II)2(PS(i)BuT)2](BF4)4·MeCN·H2O remains [HS-HS] down to 50 K. The reflectance spectrum of pale green [Fe(II)2(PSPhT)2](BF4)4·(1)/2CHCl3·2(1)/2H2O (solvatomorph A) reveals a trace of LS character (572 nm band (1)A1g → (1)T1g). Evans' (1)H NMR method and UV-vis spectroscopy studies revealed that on cooling dark green acetonitrile solutions of these complexes from 313 to 233 K, all three undergo SCO centered at or near room temperature. The tendency of the complexes to go LS in solution reflects the electronic impact of R on the σ-donor strength of the PSRT ligand, whereas the opposite trend in stabilization of the LS state is seen in the solid state, where
5. Developing competitive marketing and sales strategy for HS-Eden
OpenAIRE
Dragusha, Cajup
2016-01-01
Start-ups are faced with variety of challenges and uncertainty therefore comprehensive marketing and sales strategy must be in place to make sure that limited resources are spend wisely in order to minimize uncertainty and pave a path that would lead to successful business. HS Eden is a new-start-up venture created in Lappeenranta University of Technology with an ambition to develop AMB systems for commercial use. The aim of this study was to build a marketing and sales strategy to help HS-Ed...
6. Molecular Analysis of HS-111 and 3HS1 Variations in β-Thalassemia Intermedia Patients with High Levels of HbF
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Objective: To study the possible association between high levels of fetal haemoglobin(HbF in β-thalassemia intermedia patients and HS-111 and 3HS1 sequence variations.Materials and Methods: In this study, the 3' HS-1 and HS-111 regions of 30 ß-thalassaemiaintermedia patients (ß°/ß° with high levels of HbF, 21 ß-thalassemia major patientsand 40 normal Iranian individuals were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP and polymerase chain reaction (PCR sequencing.Results: Two nucleotide variations in 3' HS111 (-21A>G and 3HS1 (179C>T wereidentified. The most frequent sequence variation was 3' HS111 (-21A in the intermediapatients and 3HS111 (-21G in the major thalassemia patients. In contrast to the 3HS1marker, both 3'HS111 A and G variants showed a correlation with each studied group.Conclusion: The HS111 marker in conjunction with other parameters could be used asappropriate genetic markers to discriminate β-thalassemia intermedia patients (β°/β° withhigh levels of HbF from β-thalassemia major patients.
7. Jónsson and HS Modules over Commutative Rings
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Greg Oman
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Let R be a commutative ring with identity and let M be an infinite unitary R-module. (Unless indicated otherwise, all rings are commutative with identity 1≠0 and all modules are unitary. Then M is called a Jónsson module provided every proper submodule of M has smaller cardinality than M. Dually, M is said to be homomorphically smaller (HS for short if |M/N|<|M| for every nonzero submodule N of M. In this survey paper, we bring the reader up to speed on current research on these structures by presenting the principal results on Jónsson and HS modules. We conclude the paper with several open problems.
8. High-speed Neural Network HS-K-WTA-2%高速神经网络HS-K-WTA-2的研究
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
朱红; 陈清华; 刘国岁
2007-01-01
该文提出了一种新的K-Winners-Take-All神经网络:High-Speed-K-Winners-Take-All-2(HS-K-WTA-2).HS-K-WTA-2以竞争学习算法为基础.HS-K-WTA-2能够从任何一个数集中识别出K个较大的数,或K个较小的数.该文给出HS-K-WTA-2算法及算法复杂度的分析结果.用专门为研究K-WTA神经网络开发的仿真程序对HS-K-WTA-2、HS-K-WTA和Winstrons进行仿真研究.结果显示:当所取的数集N较大时,HS-K-WTA-2要比Winstrons和HS-K-WTA速度更快.HS-K-WTA-2的硬件实现比Winston的硬件实现要简单,比HS-K-WTA的硬件实现复杂.
9. High Speed Oblivious Random Access Memory (HS-ORAM)
Science.gov (United States)
2015-09-01
and Automated Teller Machines ( ATM ) security while generally impractical due to performance limitations and high acquisition costs. This idea has...HIGH SPEED OBLIVIOUS RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (HS-ORAM) PRIVATE MACHINES , INC. SEPTEMBER 2015 FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT...UNIT NUMBER I1 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Private Machines Inc. 164 20th Street #3D Brooklyn, NY 11232 8. PERFORMING
10. Metformin - For the dermatologist
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Metformin though primarily an antidiabetic drug, has found to play an important role in a number of cutaneous disorders. Because of its role in improving hyperinsulinemia, it has proven beneficial in hormonal acne, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS and acanthosis nigricans. Its antiandrogenic properties further serve as an add-on to the conventional management of hirsutism associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Very recently, systemic usage of metformin for psoriasis and cutaneous malignancies has shown promising results. Interestingly, metformin has also been topically used in hyperpigmentary disorders with pertinent levels of improvement and happens to be the most recent addition to the list of dermatologic indications. Though an oral hypoglycemic agent to begin with, metformin today has proven to be a boon for dermatologists.
11. Metformin - For the dermatologist.
Science.gov (United States)
2016-01-01
Metformin though primarily an antidiabetic drug, has found to play an important role in a number of cutaneous disorders. Because of its role in improving hyperinsulinemia, it has proven beneficial in hormonal acne, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and acanthosis nigricans. Its antiandrogenic properties further serve as an add-on to the conventional management of hirsutism associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Very recently, systemic usage of metformin for psoriasis and cutaneous malignancies has shown promising results. Interestingly, metformin has also been topically used in hyperpigmentary disorders with pertinent levels of improvement and happens to be the most recent addition to the list of dermatologic indications. Though an oral hypoglycemic agent to begin with, metformin today has proven to be a boon for dermatologists.
12. File list: Oth.Epd.05.AllAg.Hs_68 [Chip-atlas[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available Oth.Epd.05.AllAg.Hs_68 hg19 TFs and others Epidermis Hs 68 SRX396584,SRX396581,SRX3...96579,SRX396580,SRX396583,SRX396590,SRX396589 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Oth.Epd.05.AllAg.Hs_68.bed ...
13. File list: NoD.Epd.50.AllAg.Hs_68 [Chip-atlas[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available NoD.Epd.50.AllAg.Hs_68 hg19 No description Epidermis Hs 68 SRX007038,SRX007037,SRX0...07036,SRX007035 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/NoD.Epd.50.AllAg.Hs_68.bed ...
14. File list: NoD.Epd.10.AllAg.Hs_68 [Chip-atlas[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available NoD.Epd.10.AllAg.Hs_68 hg19 No description Epidermis Hs 68 SRX007036,SRX007035,SRX0...07038,SRX007037 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/NoD.Epd.10.AllAg.Hs_68.bed ...
15. File list: NoD.Epd.20.AllAg.Hs_68 [Chip-atlas[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available NoD.Epd.20.AllAg.Hs_68 hg19 No description Epidermis Hs 68 SRX007036,SRX007038,SRX0...07037,SRX007035 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/NoD.Epd.20.AllAg.Hs_68.bed ...
16. Method development and analysis of free HS and HS in proteoglycans from pre- and postmenopausal women: evidence for biosynthetic pathway changes in sulfotransferase and sulfatase enzymes.
Science.gov (United States)
Wei, Wei; Miller, Rebecca L; Leary, Julie A
2013-06-18
Heparan sulfate (HS) is one of the most complex and informative biopolymers found on the cell surface or in the extracellular matrix as either free HS fragments or constituents of HS proteoglycans (HSPGs). Analysis of free HS and HSPG sugar chains in human serum at the disaccharide level has great potential for early disease diagnosis and prognosis; however, the low concentration of HS in human serum, together with the complexity of the serum matrix, limits the information on HS. In this study, we present and validate the development of a new sensitive method for in-depth compositional analysis of free HS and HSPG sugar chains. This protocol involved several steps including weak anion exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and solid-phase extraction for enhanced detection prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Using this protocol, a total of 51 serum samples from 26 premenopausal and 25 postmenopausal women were analyzed. Statistically significant differences in heparin/HS disaccharide profiles were observed. The proportion of N-acetylation and N-sulfation in both free HS and HSPG sugar chains were significantly different between pre- and postmenopausal women, indicating changes in N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferases (NDSTs), the enzymes involved in the initial step of the biosynthetic pathway. Differences in the proportion of 6-O-sulfation suggest that 6-O-sulfotransferase and/or 6-O-sulfatase enzymes may also be implicated.
17. Reduced beta-globin gene expression in adult mice containing deletions of locus control region 5' HS-2 or 5' HS-3.
Science.gov (United States)
Ley, T J; Hug, B; Fiering, S; Epner, E; Bender, M A; Groudine, M
1998-06-30
To gain insights into the functions of individual DNA'se hypersensitive sites within the beta globin locus control region (LCR), we deleted the endogenous 5' HS-2 and HS-3 regions from the mouse germline using homologous recombination techniques. We demonstrated that the deletion of either murine 5' HS-2 or 5' HS-3 reduced the expression of the embryonic epsilon y and beta h1 globin genes minimally in yolk sac-derived erythrocytes, but that both knockouts reduced the output of the adult beta (beta-Major + beta-Minor) globin genes by approximately 30% in adult erythrocytes. When the selectable marker PGK-Neo cassette was retained within either the HS-2 or HS-3 region, a much more severe reduction in globin gene expression was observed at all developmental stages. PGK-Neo was shown to be expressed in an erythroid-specific fashion when it was retained in the HS-3 position. These results show that neither 5' HS-2 nor HS-3 is required for the activity of embryonic globin genes, nor are these sites required for correct developmental switching. However, each site is required for approximately 30% of the total LCR activity associated with adult beta-globin gene expression in adult red blood cells. Each site therefore contains some non-redundant information that contributes to adult globin gene function.
18. Neural-Based Cuckoo Search of Employee Health and Safety (HS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Koffka Khan
2013-01-01
Full Text Available A study using the cuckoo search algorithm to evaluate the effects of using computer-aided workstations on employee health and safety (HS is conducted. We collected data for HS risk on employees at their workplaces, analyzed the data and proposed corrective measures applying our methodology. It includes a checklist with nine HS dimensions: work organization, displays, input devices, furniture, work space, environment, software, health hazards and satisfaction. By the checklist, data on HS risk factors are collected. For the calculation of an HS risk index a neural-swarm cuckoo search (NSCS algorithm has been employed. Based on the HS risk index, IHS four groups of HS risk severity are determined: low, moderate, high and extreme HS risk. By this index HS problems are allocated and corrective measures can be applied. This approach is illustrated and validated by a case study. An important advantage of the approach is its easy use and HS index methodology speedily pointing out individual employee specific HS risk.
19. Nonexistence of Weyl-Heisenberg Frame on Sobolev Space Hs(Rd)%Sobolev 空间Hs(Rd)上的Weyl-Heisenberg框架的不存在性
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李锐; 郝祥晖; 李登峰
2002-01-01
研究在窗函数的Fourier变换具有紧支集条件下,Sobolev空间Hs(Rd)上不存在Weyl-Heisenberg框架.这个结果表明:对Sobolev空间Hs(Rd)上的Weyl-Heisenberg框架的研究意义不大.
20. 血清NT-proBNP、hs-TnT及hs-CRP水平与急性心肌梗死的相关性研究%Correlation between serum NT-proBNP, hs-TnT and hs-CRP levels and acute myocardial infarction
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
符明昌; 周莲; 羊文芳; 苏显都
2016-01-01
目的：探讨血清脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、高敏肌钙蛋白T (hs-TnT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)的相关性，并分析联合检测对AMI患者的诊断价值。方法选取2013年1月至2015年6月海南省第三人民医院112例AMI患者和80例体检者(对照组)，分别检测AMI患者3 h、12 h、1 d、3 d、7 d血清NT-proBNP、hs-TnT及hs-CRP水平，并与对照组进行比较。绘制受试工作特征曲线(ROC)评价NT-proBNP、hs-TnT及hs-CRP在AMI中的诊断价值，并应用Logistic回归模型分析AMI的独立危险因素。结果 AMI组血清NT-proBNP、hs-TnT及hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清NT-proBNP、Hs-TnT及Hs-CRP在AMI患者中出现峰值时间分别为1 d、12 h、3 d。应用Logistic回归模型对变量进行单因素及多因素分析，发现NT-proBNP、hs-TnT及hs-CRP是发生AMI的独立危险因素，其OR值及95%CI分别为1.012(0.874~1.136)、1.350(1.026~1.724)、1.168(1.014~1.337)。ROC曲线显示，NT-proBNP、hs-TnT、hs-CRP和三项联合检测的AUC及95%CI分别为：0.860(0.784~0.975)、0.834(0.762~0.905)、0.748(0.668~0.817)、0.885(0.794~0.971)。Spearman相关分析显示，NT-proBNP与hs-TnT呈明显正相关(r=0.679，P<0.05)，NT-proBNP与hs-CRP呈明显正相关(r=0.602，P<0.05)，hs-TnT与hs-CRP呈明显正相关(r=0.568，P<0.05)。结论 NT-proBNP、hs-TnT及hs-CRP是AMI发生的独立预测因子，联合检测可提高AMI诊断的准确性，有助于早期治疗并改善预后。%Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to analyze their correlation. Methods A total of 112 patients of AMI (AMI group) and 80 sub-jects of physical examination (control group) in Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province were selected from January
1. Assessment of cytokine levels and hs-CRP in bipolar I disorder before and after treatment.
Science.gov (United States)
Uyanik, Vesile; Tuglu, Cengiz; Gorgulu, Yasemin; Kunduracilar, Hakan; Uyanik, Mehmet Sevki
2015-08-30
We aimed to assess the relationship between cytokine levels and the severity of the manic period in medication free patients. 30 Medication free patients and 28 healthy subjects (HS) were recruited. Plasma levels of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, inflammatory cytokines, and hs-CRP levels were investigated upon hospital admission, after six weeks follow up in bipolar disease manic episode and the results were compared to HS. The severity of the manic episodes was assessed according to the Young mania rating scale. TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with manic episode of bipolar I disorder before treatment than HS. After treatment the levels of TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6 and hs-CRP were observed to be significantly decreased. There was no difference between the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients before or after treatment of bipolar disorder and HS. hs-CRP was observed to be the only parameter correlated with clinical response. The most significant outcome of this study is the correlation between clinical outcome and hs-CRP levels in treatment naive manic episode bipolar type I patients. hs-CRP is the most consistent indicator according to pro-inflammatory, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, in predicting treatment outcomes.
2. N=2 gauge theories on the hemisphere $HS^4$
CERN Document Server
Gava, Edi; Muteeb, Nouman; Giraldo-Rivera, V I
2016-01-01
Using localization techniques, we compute the path integral of $N=2$ SUSY gauge theory coupled to matter on the hemisphere $HS^4$, with either Dirichlet or Neumann supersymmetric boundary conditions. The resulting quantities are wave-functions of the theory depending on the boundary data. The one-loop determinant are computed using $SO(4)$ harmonics basis. We solve kernel and co-kernel equations for the relevant differential operators arising from gauge and matter localizing actions. The second method utilizes full $SO(5)$ harmonics to reduce the computation to evaluating $Q_{SUSY}^2$ eigenvalues and its multiplicities. In the Dirichlet case, we show how to glue two wave-functions to get back the partition function of round $S^4$. We will also describe how to obtain the same results using $SO(5)$ harmonics basis.
3. 3-O-sulfated oligosaccharide structures are recognized by anti-heparan sulfate antibody HS4C3.
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Dam, G.B. ten; Kurup, S.; Westerlo, E.M. van de; Versteeg, E.M.M.; Lindahl, U.; Spillmann, D.; Kuppevelt, A.H.M.S.M. van
2006-01-01
Antibodies against heparan sulfate (HS) are useful tools to study the structural diversity of HS. They demonstrate the large sequential variation within HS and show the distribution of HS oligosaccharide sequences within their natural environment. We analyzed the distribution and the structural char
4. Increased Hs-CRP/adiponectin ratio is associated with increase carotid intima-media thickness
OpenAIRE
Liao, Huocheng; Li, Zhiming; Zheng, Dongdan; Liu, Jianping; Liu, Yan; Xiao, Chun; Wang, Hongguang
2014-01-01
Background High sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and adiponectin (APN) are two critical cytokines and exert inverse effects on atherosclerosis initiation and progression. The purpose of our study was to investigate the value of Hs-CRP and ANP ratio (Hs-CRP/APN ratio) on evaluating atherosclerosis progression. Method One hundred sixty consecutive participants underwent carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measured by ultrasound were enrolled and drawn fasting blood samples for plasma l...
5. Kadar hs-CRP pada pasien DM tipe 2 Dengan dan Tanpa Hipertensi
OpenAIRE
2016-01-01
Introduction: More than 50% of patients with type-2 diabetes have hypertension. Hypertension contributes the development of cardiovascular disease. hs-CRP is an inflammation marker which is associated with cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study is to measure hs-CRP in type-2 diabetes with and without hypertension and to assess hs-CRP levels based on cardiovascular risk group. Methods: This study is an analytical observational cross-sectional study. Performed at the Department of Clini...
6. The possible existence of Hs in nature from a geochemical point of view
CERN Document Server
Ivanov, A V
2006-01-01
A hypothesis of the existence of a long-lived isotope 271Hs in natural molybdenites and osmirides is considered from a geochemical point of view. It is shown that the presence of Hs in these minerals can be explained only by making an additional ad hoc assumption on the existence of an isobaric pair of 271Bh-271Hs. This assumption could be tested by mass-spectrometric measurements of U, Pb, Kr, Xe, and Zr isotopic shifts.
7. Hcy与hs-CRP测定在CHD诊断中的价值
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李林
2009-01-01
@@ 越来越多的研究表明,同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)是动脉粥样硬化独立的危险因素[1～2].本文通过检测冠心病(CHD)患者与对照组血中的Hcy、hs-CRP水平,探讨CHD的严重程度与Hcy、hs-CRP的相关性.
8. Component C of the methylcoenzyme M methylreductase system contains bound 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate (HS-HTP).
Science.gov (United States)
Noll, K M; Wolfe, R S
1986-09-30
The structure of component B of the methylcoenzyme M methylreductase system of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was recently found to be 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate (HS-HTP). The work described here demonstrates that this compound is found in two forms: enzyme-free and enzyme-bound. HS-HTP was found to be bound to component C of the methylcoenzyme M methylreductase system. The cofactor extracted from the protein by heat denaturation was found to comigrate with the mixed disulfide of HS-HTP and 2-mercaptoethanol by high-performance liquid chromatography, suggesting HS-HTP is not modified in the bound state.
9. In vivo redundant function of the 3' IgH regulatory element HS3b in the mouse.
Science.gov (United States)
Bébin, Anne-Gaëlle; Carrion, Claire; Marquet, Marie; Cogné, Nadine; Lecardeur, Sandrine; Cogné, Michel; Pinaud, Eric
2010-04-01
In the mouse, the regulatory region located at the 3' end of the IgH locus includes four transcriptional enhancers: HS3a, HS1-2, HS3b, and HS4; the first three lie in a quasi-palindromic structure. Although the upstream elements HS3a and HS1-2 proved dispensable for Ig expression and class switch recombination (CSR), the joint deletion of HS3b and HS4 led to a consistent decrease in IgH expression in resting B cells and to a major CSR defect. Within this pair of distal enhancers, it was questionable whether HS3b and HS4 could be considered individually as elements critical for IgH expression and/or CSR. Studies in HS4-deficient mice recently revealed the role of HS4 as restricted to Igmicro-chain expression from the pre-B to the mature B cell stage and left HS3b as the last candidate for CSR regulation. Our present study finally invalidates the hypothesis that CSR could mostly rely on HS3b itself. B cells from HS3b-deficient animals undergo normal proliferation, germline transcription, and CSR upon in vitro stimulation with LPS; in vivo Ag-specific responses are not affected. In conclusion, our study highlights a major effect of the global ambiance of the IgH locus; enhancers demonstrated as being strongly synergistic in transgenes turn out to be redundant in their endogenous context.
10. Sistem Informasi Penjualan Pemasangan Kacafilm “HS Auto Film"
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Noer Tjahja Moekthi Pratjitana
2013-07-01
Full Text Available The growing market share in many business areas especially in service area is causing the use of conventional accounting system being ineffective. One of the companies which still using the conventional one is a window film set-up service company called HS Auto Film. The process of processing sales data is less accurate and slower in the contrary of the developing sales data. Computer-based window film set-up Sales Information System is built in order to make the processing data more accurate and faster. The information system is built using Visual Basic programming language along with .NET framework technology and SQL Server database that embedded in the application itself. The making and development process of the Sales Information System is using waterfall method. Waterfall method consists of user requirement, analysis, design, implementation, and testing. Entity Relationship Diagram, Data Flow Diagram and Flowchart are also used in the Information System design. The output of this application design is a desktop application that can help user to control the set-up of window film, manage payment bill, and manage document in accounting in faster and more accurate way. The information system can be developed later using web-based system so that the development and maintenance can be done easier.
11. Complete genomic sequence of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni HS:19 penner reference strain
Science.gov (United States)
Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni (Cjj) infections are a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and the most prevalent antecedent to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Capsular type Penner HS:19 is among several capsule types shown to be markers for GBS. This study describes the genome of Cjj HS:19...
12. Genomic Sequence of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni HS:19 Penner Serotype Reference Strain RM3420
Science.gov (United States)
Huynh, Steven; Heikema, Astrid P.
2017-01-01
ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni infections are a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and the most prevalent antecedent to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Penner serotype HS:19 is among several capsular types shown to be markers for GBS. This study describes the genome of C. jejuni subsp. jejuni HS:19 Penner reference strain RM3420. PMID:28232429
13. Vegetable and Fruit Intakes Are Associated with hs-CRP Levels in Pre-Pubertal Girls.
Science.gov (United States)
Navarro, Pilar; de Dios, Olaya; Jois, Asha; Gavela-Pérez, Teresa; Gorgojo, Lydia; Martín-Moreno, José M; Soriano-Guillen, Leandro; Garcés, Carmen
2017-03-02
The influence of diet on inflammation in children remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the influence of diet on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in a pre-pubertal population free of other influences that may affect hs-CRP levels. We determined hs-CRP levels in 571 six- to eight-year-old children using an hs-CRP ELISA kit. Information on food and nutrient intake was obtained through a food-frequency questionnaire. Overall dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). We found that girls in the highest tertile of hs-CRP levels had a higher intake of saturated fatty acid, and lower intakes of fiber and vitamin E and a lower HEI score when compared to those in tertiles 1 and 2. We also observed a significant decrease in fruit and vegetable intakes by hs-CRP tertile. Factor analysis showed that a dietary pattern that was loaded most strongly with vegetable, fruit, fiber and vitamin A and E intakes correlated negatively (-0.132, p hs-CRP. No such association was found in boys. In conclusion, our data show that girls with a poorer quality diet show higher hs-CRP levels already at a pre-pubertal age.
14. HS-4, a highly potent inhibitor of cell proliferation of human cancer cell
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Gui-Lan Xing; Shu-Hong Tian; Xue-Li Xie; Jian Fu
2015-01-01
Objective:To investigate the antitumor activity of the compound HS-4 and the action mechanism.Methods:MTT method was used to testin vitroantitumor activity of the compound HS-4. Orthotopic xenotransplantation tumor model of liver cancer was established in nude mice, and,in vivoantitumor activity of compound HS-4 was tested with a small animal in-vivo imaging system. Sequencing of small RNA library and RNA library was performed in HS-4 treated tumor cell group and control group to investigate the anti-cancer mechanism of HS-4 at level of functional genomics, using high-throughput sequencing technology. Results:HS-4 was found to have relatively highin-vitro antitumor activity against liver cancer cells, gastric cancer cells, renal cancer cells, lung cancer cells, breast cancer cells and colon cancer cells. The IC50 values against SMMC-7721 and Bel-7402 of liver cancer cells were 0.14 and 0.13 nmol/L respectively, while the IC50 values against MGC-803 and SGC-7901 of gastric cancer cells were 0.19 and 0.21 nmol/L, respectively. It was demonstrated that HS- 4 possessed a better therapeutic effect in liver cancer.Conclusions: A new reliable orthotopic xenotransplantation tumor model of liver cancer in nude mice is established. The new compounds HS-4 was found to possess relatively highin vivo andin vitroantitumor activity against liver cancer cells.
15. Hitachi的经济型投影机产品CP-HS900
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
2004-01-01
CP-HS900是原Hitachi经济型产品CP-HS800的升级机型，采用3片0．55英寸液晶板和160W UHB灯泡。CP-HS900除配有CP-HS800的所有接口外还设计了RS-232C控制接口和USB鼠标控制接口，机器重量3．0kg。CP-HS900具有28dB降噪模式，演示过程中，听众不受噪音打扰。另
16. Retinol-binding protein-4 and hs-CRP levels in patients with migraine.
Science.gov (United States)
Tanik, Nermin; Celikbilek, Asuman; Metin, Aslı; Gocmen, Ayse Yesim; Inan, Levent Ertugrul
2015-10-01
Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels are associated with inflammation in patients with migraine. The release of proinflammatory cytokines during migraine results in recurrent sterile neurogenic inflammation. This study aimed to determine the correlation between RBP4 and hs-CRP levels, and migraine, which is considered an inflammatory disease. The study included 48 migraine patients and 40 age- and gender-matched controls. Migraine was diagnosed according to International Classification of Headache Disorders-II. The serum RBP4 level was measured using a commercial ELISA kit and hs-CRP was measured using an enzyme immunoassay test kit. The serum RBP4 level was significantly lower in the migraine patients than in the controls (P hs-CRP level was significantly higher in the migraine patients (P hs-CRP levels did not differ between the migraine patients with and without aura (P > 0.05). Migraine headache severity, frequency and duration were not correlated with serum RBP or hs-CRP levels (P > 0.05). The observed high hs-CRP level and low RBP4 level in migraine patients suggest that vitamin A might play a major role in the pathogenesis of migraine. It is known that inflammation is a key factor in many diseases. Additional research might result in a better understanding of the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin A.
17. Changing the conversation--the occupational health nurse's role in integrated HS3.
Science.gov (United States)
Weiss, Marjorie D
2009-07-01
Occupational health nurses have the skills and knowledge to provide a holistic perspective in advancing their company's triple bottom line, healthy people, healthy planet, and healthy profits. The HS3 model provides a road map for integrating health, safety, sustainability, and stewardship, all of which directly impact every company's triple bottom line. Occupational health nurses can use the HS3 model to promote healthy lifestyles, reduce risk and injuries, protect the natural environment, and improve resource alignment. Occupational health nurses have a unique opportunity to demonstrate the value they bring to their employers using synergistic HS3 planning that cost-effectively links work injury management, health promotion, environmental protection, safety training and surveillance, and regulatory compliance. Implementing the HS3 model requires occupational health nurses to be innovators who can change the conversation.
18. Osteoprotegerin improves risk detection by traditional cardiovascular risk factors and hsCRP
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mogelvang, Rasmus; Haahr-Pedersen, Sune; Bjerre, Mette;
2013-01-01
To evaluate the association of plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) to hospitalisation for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic stroke and all-cause mortality, and the effect of combining plasma OPG and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).......To evaluate the association of plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) to hospitalisation for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic stroke and all-cause mortality, and the effect of combining plasma OPG and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)....
19. HS2ST MEDIATED KIDNEY MESENCHYME INDUCTION REGULATES EARLY URETERIC BUD BRANCHING
OpenAIRE
Mita M. Shah; Sakurai, Hiroyuki; Sweeney, Derina E.; Gallegos, Thomas F.; Bush, Kevin T.; Esko, Jeffrey D.; Nigam, Sanjay K
2010-01-01
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are central modulators of developmental processes likely through their interaction with growth factors, such as GDNF, members of the FGF and TGFβ superfamilies, EGF receptor ligands and HGF. Absence of the biosynthetic enzyme, heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase (Hs2st) leads to kidney agenesis. Using a novel combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, we have reanalyzed the defect in morphogenesis of the Hs2st−/− kidney. We observed that, while the ...
20. Prototypic chromatin insulator cHS4 protects retroviral transgene from silencing in Schistosoma mansoni.
Science.gov (United States)
Suttiprapa, Sutas; Rinaldi, Gabriel; Brindley, Paul J
2012-06-01
Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (MLV) virions can transduce schistosomes, leading to chromosomal integration of reporter transgenes. To develop VSVG-MLV for functional genomics in schistosomes, the influence of the chicken β-globin cHS4 element, a prototypic chromatin insulator, on transgene expression was examined. Plasmid pLNHX encoding the MLV 5'- and 3'-Long Terminal Repeats flanking the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) was modified to include, within the U3 region of the 3'-LTR, active components of cHS4 insulator, the 250 bp core fused to the 400 bp 3'-region. Cultured larvae of Schistosoma mansoni were transduced with virions from producer cells transfected with control or cHS4-bearing plasmids. Schistosomules transduced with cHS4 virions expressed 2-20 times higher levels of neo than controls, while carrying comparable numbers of integrated proviral transgenes. The findings not only demonstrated that cHS4 was active in schistosomes but also they represent the first report of activity of cHS4 in any Lophotrochozoan species, which has significant implications for evolutionary conservation of heterochromatin regulation. The findings advance prospects for transgenesis in functional genomics of the schistosome genome to discover intervention targets because they provide the means to enhance and extend transgene activity including for vector based RNA interference.
1. Evaluation of Usefulness of hs-CRP and Ferritin Assays in Patients with Nasal Polyps
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Robert Partyka
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Background. Chronic nature of the nasal polyps, tendency to recurrence, and lack of satisfying treatment need the diagnostic’s parameters which show early inflammatory state as ferritin and hs-CRP. The Aim of Study. Assessment of hs-CRP and ferritin blood levels in nasal polyps patients in evaluation of treatment efficacy. Methods. All 38 patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 19 patients with anti-inflammatory therapy 2 weeks after surgery. Group II included 19 patients without anti-inflammatory therapy 2 weeks after surgery. The levels of hs-CRP and ferritin have been assessed before and 2 and 6 weeks after surgical treatment. Results. Research showed statistically significant difference of ferritin’s concentration between examined groups 6 weeks after surgery (P<0.05 and statistically significant difference of hs-CRP concentration 2 and 6 weeks after surgery (P<0.05. Conclusion. (1 The analysis of serum ferritin and hs-CRP concentrations can be useful in early postoperative detection of inflammatory state in patients with nasal polyps and for the effectiveness of therapy. (2 Lack of correlation between mean ferritin and hs-CRP serum levels, at each diagnostic and monitoring stage, shows that they are independent and cannot be determined interchangeably.
2. A CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL LIPID PARAMETERS AND HS - CRP IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rangaswamy
2015-05-01
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD is the most common form of heart disease. Changes in lifestyle, decreased physical activity, dietary modifications etc., in indian population is considered to be the major risk factor. By 2020 it is estimated that it will be th e major cause of death in the world. High sensitivity CRP (hs - CRP test measures very small amounts of CRP in the blood and is helpful even in healthy individuals to assess their potential risk for heart ailments. The hs - CRP levels are directly proportiona l to extent source of CHD which indicates that the hs - CRP has positive correlation with the disease burden. Hence the present study was undertaken. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was done by taking two groups controls and cases between the ages 25 - 60 year s. Fasting blood samples were collected and analysed for estimation of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL - cholesterol, HDL - cholesterol and hs - crp levels. RESULT: Serum levels of cholesterol, TG, LDL - C, and hs - CRP (p - value 0.0001 were significantly increased and HDL - C (p - value 0.0002 was significantly decreased in cases as compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION: It is seen that hs - CRP level is significantly elevated in cases (MI patients than the normal controls. So the present study shows a significant a nd positive correlation with conventional lipid profile parameters.
3. Epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia, an unrecognized sign of folliculitis decalvans: A histological study of 26 patients.
Science.gov (United States)
Matard, Bruno; Cavelier-Balloy, Benedicte; Reygagne, Pascal
2017-04-01
Follicular hyperkeratosis along with hyperplasia of the follicular and interfollicular epithelia are major histopathological characteristics of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The presence of an occasional thickening of lesional skin in some folliculitis decalvans (FD) patients and histological similarities between FD and HS led us to look for epidermal hyperplasia and follicular hyperkeratosis in FD patients. We performed a retrospective histological analysis of 26 patients with FD. We sought to find out whether the presence of hyperplasia of the interfollicular epidermis and of the follicular epithelia could be verified in FD, with reference to the work of von Laffert et al. concerning HS. The main quantitative and qualitative data were: follicular hyperkeratosis (77%), hyperplasia of the interfollicular epidermis (92%) with a psoriasiform aspect (88%), atrophy of the follicular epithelia (85%), plasma cells in infiltrate (92%) in large quantities (42%), follicular microcysts (60%), atrophy of the sebaceous glands (85%) and polytrichia (54%). Epidermal hyperplasia, sometimes psoriasiform and follicular microcysts, are significant histological signs of FD, which have been ignored until now although they seem very common. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
4. Retrovirus silencer blocking by the cHS4 insulator is CTCF independent
Science.gov (United States)
Yao, Shuyuan; Osborne, Cameron S.; Bharadwaj, Rikki R.; Pasceri, Peter; Sukonnik, Tanya; Pannell, Dylan; Recillas-Targa, Félix; West, Adam G.; Ellis, James
2003-01-01
Silencing of retrovirus vectors poses a significant obstacle to genetic manipulation of stem cells and their use in gene therapy. We describe a mammalian silencer blocking assay using insulator elements positioned between retrovirus silencer elements and an LCRβ-globin reporter transgene. In transgenic mice, we show that retrovirus silencers are blocked by the cHS4 insulator. Silencer blocking is independent of the CTCF binding site and is most effective when flanking the internal reporter transgene. These data distinguish silencer blocking activity by cHS4 from its enhancer blocking activity. Retrovirus vectors can be created at high titer with one but not two internal dimer cHS4 cores. cHS4 in the LTRs has no effect on expression in transduced F9 cells, suggesting that position effect blocking is not sufficient to escape silencing. The Drosophila insulators gypsy and Scs fail to block silencing in transgenic mice, but gypsy stimulates vector expression 2-fold when located in the LTRs of an infectious retrovirus. The silencer blocking assay complements existing insulator assays in mammalian cells, provides new insight into mechanisms of insulation and is a valuable tool to identify additional silencer blocking insulators that cooperate with cHS4 to improve stem cell retrovirus vector design. PMID:12954767
5. Changes of levels of hs-CRP, Hsp70, and MPO in patients with preeclampsia
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Xia Liu
2016-01-01
Objective:To observe the changes of the levels of hs-CRP, Hsp70, and MPO in patients with preeclampsia (PE) and their clinical significance. Methods:A total of 60 pregnant women with mild and severe PE who were admitted in our hospital from January, 2013 to March, 2014 were included in the study and divided into the mild group and the severe group with 30 cases in each group. The levels of serum hs-CRP, Hsp70, and MPO were detected, and their relations with PE were analyzed. The lipid metabolism related indicators were meanwhile detected. A total of 30 healthy later pregnant women at the same stage were served as the control group for comparative analysis. Results:The levels of serum hs-CRP, Hsp70, and MPO in the mild and severe PE group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P0.05). Conclusions: The abnormal lipid metabolism in different degrees exists in the pregnant women with PE, and hs-CRP, Hsp70, and MPO are together involved in the pathogenesis of PE. Detection of the levels of hs-CRP, Hsp70, and MPO in the pregnant women with PE can accurately reflect the condition of PE.
6. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid/Solutol HS15-Based Nanoparticles for Docetaxel Delivery.
Science.gov (United States)
Cho, Hyun-Jong; Park, Ju-Hwan; Kim, Dae-Duk; Yoon, In-Soo
2016-02-01
Docetaxel (DCT) is one of anti-mitotic chemotherapeutic agents and has been used for the treatment of gastric cancer as well as head and neck cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer. Poly(lactic- co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) is one of representative biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, and polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol HS15) is a nonionic solubilizer and emulsifying agent. In this investigation, PLGA/Solutol HS15-based nanoparticles (NPs) for DCT delivery were fabricated by a modified emulsification-solvent evaporation method. PLGA/Solutol HS15/DCT NPs with about 169 nm of mean diameter, narrow size distribution, negative zeta potential, and spherical morphology were prepared. The results of solid-state studies revealed the successful dispersion of DCT in PLGA matrix and its amorphization during the preparation process of NPs. According to the result of in vitro release test, emulsifying property of Solutol HS15 seemed to contribute to the enhanced drug release from NPs at physiological pH. All these findings imply that developed PLGA/Solutol HS15-based NP can be a promising local anticancer drug delivery system for cancer therapy.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mittal R
1993-01-01
Full Text Available One 40-year female was diagnosed as a case of follicular occlusion triad (FOT as she had hidradenitis suppurativa, acne conglobata and perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens since 7 years. Partial improvement occurred within 20 days of treatment with co-trimoxazole and haematinics but relapse occurred after 5 days of stopping antibiotics.
8. Stabilizing Superacid Anions: The New [H(S4 O13 )2 ](3-) Anion in the Crystal Structure of Li3 [H(S4 O13 )2 ].
Science.gov (United States)
Schindler, Lisa Verena; Becker, Anna; Wickleder, Mathias Siegfried
2016-12-05
The unique hydrogenium-bis-tetrasulfate anion [H(S4 O13 )2 ](3-) in the crystal structure of Li3 [H(S4 O13 )2 ] (monoclinic, P21 /n (No. 14), Z=2, a=552.46(4) pm, b=939.70(6) pm, c=1876.6(1) pm, β=97.492(3)°, V=965.9(1)⋅10(6) pm(3) ) is the longest protonated polysulfate chain ever observed. Very strong symmetrical hydrogen bonds are a bold feature of the crystal structure. The protonation of a very weak base such as [S4 O13 ](2-) and accordingly the stabilization of the first base of the superacid H2 S4 O13 is a significant success towards the still elusive polysulfuric acids.
9. DEVELOPMENT OF THE HS99 AIR TRANSPORT TYPE A FISSILE PACKAGE
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Blanton, P.; Eberl, K.
2012-07-10
An air-transport Type A Fissile radioactive shipping package for the transport of special form uranium sources has been developed by the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) for the Department of Homeland Security. The Package model number is HS99 for Homeland Security Model 99. This paper presents the major design features of the HS99 and highlights engineered materials necessary for meeting the design requirements for this light-weight Type AF packaging. A discussion is provided demonstrating how the HS99 complies with the regulatory safety requirements of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The paper summarizes the results of structural testing to specified in 10 CFR 71 for Normal Conditions of Transport and Hypothetical Accident Conditions events. Planned and proposed future missions for this packaging are also addressed.
10. ICARE-HS: atmospheric correction of airborne hyperspectral urban images using 3D information
Science.gov (United States)
Ceamanos, Xavier; Briottet, Xavier; Roussel, Guillaume; Gilardy, Hugo
2016-10-01
The algorithm ICARE-HS (Inversion Code for urban Areas Reflectance Extraction using HyperSpectral imagery) is presented in this paper. ICARE-HS processes airborne hyperspectral images for atmospheric compensation taking into account the strong relief of urban areas. A digital surface model is used to provide the 3D information, which is key to simulating relief-related effects such as shadow casting, multiple reflections between objects and variable illumination depending on local solid angle of view of the sky. Some of these effects are modeled using ray tracing techniques. ICARE-HS is applied to airborne hyperspectral data of the city center of Toulouse, which are also processed by a standard atmospheric correction method for comparison.
11. Ig synthesis and class switching do not require the presence of the hs4 enhancer in the 3' IgH regulatory region.
Science.gov (United States)
Vincent-Fabert, Christelle; Truffinet, Véronique; Fiancette, Remi; Cogné, Nadine; Cogné, Michel; Denizot, Yves
2009-06-01
Several studies have reported that regulatory elements located 3' of the IgH locus (namely hs3a, hs1,2, hs3b, and hs4) might play a role during class switch recombination (CSR) and Ig synthesis. While individual deletion of hs3a or hs1,2 had no effect, pairwise deletion of hs3b (an inverted copy of hs3a) and hs4 markedly affected CSR and Ig expression. Among these two elements, hs4 was tentatively presented with the master role due to its unique status within the 3' regulatory region: distal position outside repeated regions, early activation in pre-B cells, strong activity throughout B cell ontogeny. To clarify its role, we generated mice with a clean deletion of the hs4 after replacement with a floxed neo(R) cassette. Surprisingly, and as for previous deletion of hs3a or hs1,2, deletion of hs4 did not affect either in vivo CSR or the secretion level of any Ig isotype. In vitro CSR and Ig secretion in response to LPS and cytokines was not affected either. The only noticeable effects of the hs4 deletion were a decrease in the number of B splenocytes and a decreased membrane IgM expression. In conclusion, while dispensable for CSR and Ig transcription in plasma cells, hs4 mostly appears to contribute to Ig transcription in resting B lymphocytes.
12. Waist Circumference was Positively Correlated with Chemerin, Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and hsCRP
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lucia Herminawati
2012-04-01
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Central obesity is associated with various chronic metabolic disorders characterized by abnormal cytokine production, increased acute phase reactants, and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. This study was aimed to investigate the association of waist circumference, chemerin, and retinol binding protein (RBP-4 with inflammation in men with central obesity. METHODS: The research was conducted with a crosssectional design involving 68 centrally obese male subjects aged 30 to 60 years old, with waist circumference (WC >90 cm. All subjects fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Anthropometric parameters, fasting glucose, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, and hsCRP were measured. Serum concentrations of chemerin and RBP4 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The trend lines showed that chemerin, RBP4 and hsCRP increased with WC. Pearson correlation test showed a positively significant correlation between WC and hsCRP (r=0.242, p<0.05; and also between chemerin and hsCRP (r=0.244, p<0.05 and RBP4 (r=0.321, p<0.01. Subjects were stratified into four groups based on their chemerin and RBP4 levels (high chemerin/high RBP4, high chemerin/low RBP4, low chemerin/high RBP4, or low chemerin/low RBP4. Subjects who were in the high chemerin/low RBP4 group were more likely to have high level of inflammation (47.6%, but subjects with high chemerin/high RBP4 showed low level of inflammation (42.9% as compared with the other three groups. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that increased WC was correlated with elevated levels of chemerin, RBP4 and hsCRP. High chemerin was correlated with increased level of RBP4 as well as with high level of inflammation. KEYWORDS: waist circumference, chemerin, RBP4, hsCRP, inflammation.
13. Homologous elements hs3a and hs3b in the 3' regulatory region of the murine immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus are both dispensable for class-switch recombination.
Science.gov (United States)
Yan, Yi; Pieretti, Joyce; Ju, Zhongliang; Wei, Shiniu; Christin, John R; Bah, Fatmata; Birshtein, Barbara K; Eckhardt, Laurel A
2011-08-01
Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes are formed, tested, and modified to yield diverse, specific, and high affinity antibody responses to antigen. The processes involved must be regulated, however, to avoid unintended damage to chromosomes. The 3' regulatory region of the Igh locus plays a major role in regulating class-switch recombination (CSR), the process by which antibody effector functions are modified during an immune response. Loss of all known enhancer-like elements in this region dramatically impairs CSR, but individual element deletions have no effect on this process. In the present study, we explored the hypothesis that an underlying functional redundancy in the homologous elements hs3a and hs3b was masking the importance of either element to CSR. Several transgenic mouse lines were generated, each carrying a bacterial artificial chromosome transgene that mimicked Igh locus structure but in which hs3a was missing and hs3b was flanked by loxP sites. Matings to Cyclization Recombination Enzyme-expressing mice established "pairs" of lines that differed only in the presence or absence of hs3b. Remarkably, CSR remained robust in the absence of both hs3a and hs3b, suggesting that the remaining two elements of the 3' regulatory region, hs1.2 and hs4, although individually dispensable for CSR, are, together, sufficient to support CSR.
14. Effect of the administration time of HS6101 on hematopoietic recovery in ICR mice injured by cyclophosphamide
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shuang XING
2015-06-01
Full Text Available Objective To explore the effect of the administration time of HS6101 on hematopoietic recovery in ICR mice injured by cyclophosphamide (CTX. Methods One hundred and three male ICR mice were divided into 4 groups: CTX control, HS6101 prevention, HS6101 treatment, and HS6101 prevention+treatment groups. CTX was intraperitoneally injected into the ICR mice at a dose of 100mg/(kg.d for three consecutive days to establish a chemotherapeutics-injured model. HS6101 at a dose of 27μg/mouse in 0.2ml was subcutaneously injected into the mice 1h before the first administration of CTX in HS6101-prevention group, 1h after the last administration of CTX in HS6101 treatment group, and both at 1h before the first administration and 1h after the last administration of CTX in HS6101 prevention + treatment group. Physiological saline was subcutaneously injected into the mice in CTX control group (0.2ml/mouse. 10μl peripheral blood was collected from the caudal vein for WBC, neutrophil lymphocyte, RBC and platelet counts on day -1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 with the MEK-7222K cell analyzer, and the cell count was compared between HS6101 treatment mice and CTX control mice. Another 30 male ICR mice were used for bone marrow colony forming unit (CFU assay and bone marrow histopathological examination, and they were assigned into normal control, CTX control, HS6101 prevention, HS6101treatment and HS6101 prevention + treatment groups (each n=6. On the day 4 and day 9 after CTX injection, mice were sacrificed and bone marrow cells were collected from the left femur for mononuclear cell (MNC isolation. 1×104 MNCs were planted in 1.0ml mouse CFU culture medium M3434 and cultured in incubator with the temperature of 37℃, and 5% CO2 for 7 days. After that, granulocyte macrophage-colony-forming unit (GM-CFU, megakaryocyte colony forming unit (MK-CFU, mixture-colony-forming unit (Mix-CFU, burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E and colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU
15. Packing density of HS(CH2)(n)COOH self-assembled monolayers.
Science.gov (United States)
Snow, A W; Jernigan, G G; Ancona, M G
2011-12-01
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of HS(CH(2))(n)COOH, n = 5, 10, 15 deposited from ethanol solution onto gold are prepared by five approaches, and their packing densities are evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The five approaches are: (1) direct deposition; (2) acetic-acid-assisted deposition; (3) butyl-amine-assisted deposition; (4) displacement of a preformed HS(CH(2))(n)CH(3) (n = 5, 10, 15) SAMs; and (5) co-deposition with HS(CH(2))(n)CH(3) (n = 5, 10, 15). Packing density metrics are calculated from measurements of SAM and substrate photoemission intensities and their attenuations by two methods. In one case the attenuated photoemissions are expressed as a ratio relative to comparable measurements on an experimental HS(CH(2))(n)CH(3) model system. In the other case a new method is introduced where a calculated attenuation based on theoretical random coil and extended chain models is used as the reference to determine a packing density fraction. Packing densities are also correlated with the S2p(Au-bonded):Au4f peak area ratios and with shifts in the C1s binding energies. SAMs prepared by the direct deposition are a partial multilayer where a second molecular layer is physisorbed onto the SAM and not removable by solvent washing. The addition of acetic acid to the deposition solution disrupts dimer associations of HS(CH(2))(n)COOH in solution and at the surface of the monolayer and yields the most ordered monolayer with the highest density of -COOH groups. The addition of butyl amine results in a labile ammonium carbonate ion pair formation but results in a lower packing density in the SAM. The displacement of the preformed HS(CH(2))(n)CH(3) SAM and the co-deposition of HS(CH(2))(n)CH(3) with HS(CH(2))(n)COOH result in SAMs with little incorporation of the -COOH component.
16. PHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HS Aqr, EG Cep, VW LMi, AND DU Boo
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Djurasevic, G.; Latkovic, O. [Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, 11000 Belgrade (Serbia); Bastuerk, Oe.; Y Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I lmaz, M. [Astronomy and Space Sciences Research and Application Center, Ankara University, TR-06837 Ahlatl Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I bel, Ankara (Turkey); Cal Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I skan, S.; Senavc Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I , H. V.; K Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I l Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I coglu, T.; Ekmekci, F. [Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, TR-06100 Tandogan, Ankara (Turkey); Tanr Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I verdi, T., E-mail: [email protected] [Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nigde University, 51240 Nigde (Turkey)
2013-03-15
We analyze new multicolor light curves for four close late-type binaries: HS Aqr, EG Cep, VW LMi, and DU Boo, in order to determine the orbital and physical parameters of the systems and estimate the distances. The analysis is done using the modeling code of G. Djurasevic, and is based on up-to-date measurements of spectroscopic elements. All four systems have complex, asymmetric light curves that we model by including bright or dark spots on one or both components. Our findings indicate that HS Aqr and EG Cep are in semi-detached, while VW LMi and DU Boo are in overcontact configurations.
17. 2376例患儿血液hs-CRP和白细胞计数结果分析
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
梁安玉
2014-01-01
目的：通过分析同一血液标本中超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)检测结果及出现此结果的原因，从而为儿科临床医生诊治疾病提供有力的依据。方法：选取2376例患儿同一血液标本同时测定hs-CRP、WBC，对测定结果进行比较分析。结果：hs-CRP升高占63.8%，WBC升高占39.4%，hs-CRP和WBC均升高占29.8%，hs-CRP和WBC均正常占22.1%，hs-CRP升高而WBC正常占26.1%，hs-CRP升高而WBC降低占7.9%；hs-CRP正常而WBC降低占4.5%；hs-CRP正常而WBC升高占9.6%。结论：hs-CRP和白细胞均可作为感染的判断指标， hs-CRP更优于白细胞，hs-CRP和白细胞可出现各种不同的结果，两者结合判断更有利于患儿疾病的诊治。
18. Hs2st mediated kidney mesenchyme induction regulates early ureteric bud branching.
Science.gov (United States)
Shah, Mita M; Sakurai, Hiroyuki; Sweeney, Derina E; Gallegos, Thomas F; Bush, Kevin T; Esko, Jeffrey D; Nigam, Sanjay K
2010-03-15
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are central modulators of developmental processes likely through their interaction with growth factors, such as GDNF, members of the FGF and TGFbeta superfamilies, EGF receptor ligands and HGF. Absence of the biosynthetic enzyme, heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase (Hs2st) leads to kidney agenesis. Using a novel combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, we have reanalyzed the defect in morphogenesis of the Hs2st(-)(/)(-) kidney. Utilizing assays that separately model distinct stages of kidney branching morphogenesis, we found that the Hs2st(-/-) UB is able to undergo branching and induce mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation when recombined with control MM, and the isolated Hs2st null UB is able to undergo branching morphogenesis in the presence of exogenous soluble pro-branching growth factors when embedded in an extracellular matrix, indicating that the UB is intrinsically competent. This is in contrast to the prevailing view that the defect underlying the renal agenesis phenotype is due to a primary role for 2-O sulfated HS in UB branching. Unexpectedly, the mutant MM was also fully capable of being induced in recombination experiments with wild-type tissue. Thus, both the mutant UB and mutant MM tissue appear competent in and of themselves, but the combination of mutant tissues fails in vivo and, as we show, in organ culture. We hypothesized a 2OS-dependent defect in the mutual inductive process, which could be on either the UB or MM side, since both progenitor tissues express Hs2st. In light of these observations, we specifically examined the role of the HS 2-O sulfation modification on the morphogenetic capacity of the UB and MM individually. We demonstrate that early UB branching morphogenesis is not primarily modulated by factors that depend on the HS 2-O sulfate modification; however, factors that contribute to MM induction are markedly sensitive to the 2-O sulfation modification. These data suggest that key
19. THE CAUCHY PROBLEM OF NONLINEAR SCHR(O)DINGER-BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS IN Hs(Rd)
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Han Yongqian
2005-01-01
In this paper, the local well posedness and global well posedness of solutions for the initial value problem (IVP) of nonlinear Schrodinger-Boussinesq equations is considered in Hs(Rd) by resorting Besov spaces, where real number s ≥ 0.
20. Genomic sequence of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni HS:19 Penner serotype reference strain RM3420
NARCIS (Netherlands)
C.T. Parker (Craig); Huynh, S. (Steven); A.P. Heikema (Astrid)
2017-01-01
textabstractCampylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni infections are a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and the most prevalent antecedent to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Penner serotype HS:19 is among several capsular types shown to be markers for GBS. This study describes the genome of C.
1. Baseline distribution and correlation analysis of hsCRP in an insurance applicant population.
Science.gov (United States)
Krause, Kenneth J; Williams, David S; White, Nancy
2008-01-01
Many clinical studies have shown that baseline levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in apparently healthy men and women are highly predictive of future risk of heart attack, stroke, sudden cardiac death, and the development of peripheral arterial disease. This paper presents an analysis of the baseline characteristics of our prospective study cohort. The intent of our prospective study is to determine whether hsCRP can be used to better classify risk for life insurance applicants already at risk for cardiovascular events, as well as those who are not. The possibility that low levels of hsCRP levels in otherwise healthy applicants might be associated with more favorable cardiovascular risk could allow this test to be used to more precisely stratify risk in the standard-or-better underwriting classifications. In this preliminary analysis, high sensitivity CRP appears to be weakly correlated with BMI, and perhaps triglyceride level in this cohort of insurance applicants. Somewhat surprisingly, in contrast to many published reports, hsCRP was not found to be correlated with other lipid measures (TC, HDL, LDL), dysmetabolic markers or smoking classification during the underwriting process. We plan to analyze mortality results as they evolve in the future.
2. The Role of the Media in South African Construction Health and Safety (H&S
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
John Smallwood
2012-11-01
Full Text Available A large number of fatalities and injuries occur in the South African construction industry. Traditionally, the print media have dedicated editorial, published news, articles and letters, and have exposed abusive or non-conforming conditions and practices in terms of H&S. Literature also indicates that the print media can influence and has an impact on H&S.Given the level of fatalities and injuries and the potential role of the print media, a postal survey was conducted among editors of construction and related magazines. Findings indicate that: the print media do contribute to and play a role in construction H&S; industry has the capacity and needs to promote H&S on a wider basis; there is a need to improve construction H&S; to a degree, editors are aware of what constitutes unsafe acts and unsafe conditions, and the print media can play an increased role through the review of articles, advertisements, advertorial, editorial and phototgraphs to prevent the depiction of unhealthy and unsafe practices and conditions
3. Synthetic Human β-Globin 5'HS2 Constructs Function as Partially Active Locus Control Regions.
NARCIS (Netherlands)
J. Ellis (James); D. Talbot; N.O. Dillon (Niall); F.G. Grosveld (Frank)
1993-01-01
textabstractTransgenes linked to the beta-globin locus control region (LCR) are transcribed in a copy-dependent manner that is independent of the integration site. It has previously been shown that the LCR 5'HS2 region does not require its NF-E2 dimer binding site for LCR activity. In this paper we
4. Amygdalin Regulates Apoptosis and Adhesion in Hs578T Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.
Science.gov (United States)
Lee, Hye Min; Moon, Aree
2016-01-01
Amygdalin, D-mandelonitrile-β-D-glucoside-6-β-glucoside, belongs to aromatic cyanogenic glycoside group derived from rosaceous plant seed. Mounting evidence has supported the anti-cancer effects of amygdalin. However, whether amygdalin indeed acts as an anti-tumor agent against breast cancer cells is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of amygdalin on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Here, we show that amygdalin exerted cytotoxic activities on estrogen receptors (ER)-positive MCF7 cells, and MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Amygdalin induced apoptosis of Hs578T TNBC cells. Amygdalin downregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), upregulated Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), activated of caspase-3 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Amygdalin activated a pro-apoptotic signaling molecule p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) in Hs578T cells. Treatment of amygdalin significantly inhibited the adhesion of Hs578T cells, in which integrin α5 may be involved. Taken together, this study demonstrates that amygdalin induces apoptosis and inhibits adhesion of breast cancer cells. The results suggest a potential application of amygdalin as a chemopreventive agent to prevent or alleviate progression of breast cancer, especially TNBC.
5. Synergistic Activity of the Plant Defensin HsAFP1 and Caspofungin against Candida albicans Biofilms and Planktonic Cultures.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kim Vriens
Full Text Available Plant defensins are small, cysteine-rich peptides with antifungal activity against a broad range of yeast and fungi. In this study we investigated the antibiofilm activity of a plant defensin from coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea, i.e. HsAFP1. To this end, HsAFP1 was heterologously produced using Pichia pastoris as a host. The recombinant peptide rHsAFP1 showed a similar antifungal activity against the plant pathogen Fusarium culmorum as native HsAFP1 purified from seeds. NMR analysis revealed that rHsAFP1 consists of an α-helix and a triple-stranded antiparallel β-sheet stabilised by four intramolecular disulfide bonds. We found that rHsAFP1 can inhibit growth of the human pathogen Candida albicans as well as prevent C. albicans biofilm formation with a BIC50 (i.e. the minimum rHsAFP1 concentration required to inhibit biofilm formation by 50% as compared to control treatment of 11.00 ± 1.70 μM. As such, this is the first report of a plant defensin exhibiting inhibitory activity against fungal biofilms. We further analysed the potential of rHsAFP1 to increase the activity of the conventional antimycotics caspofungin and amphotericin B towards C. albicans. Synergistic effects were observed between rHsAFP1 and these compounds against both planktonic C. albicans cells and biofilms. Most notably, concentrations of rHsAFP1 as low as 0.53 μM resulted in a synergistic activity with caspofungin against pre-grown C. albicans biofilms. rHsAFP1 was found non-toxic towards human HepG2 cells up to 40 μM, thereby supporting the lack of a general cytotoxic activity as previously reported for HsAFP1. A structure-function study with 24-mer synthetic peptides spanning the entire HsAFP1 sequence revealed the importance of the γ-core and its adjacent regions for HsAFP1 antibiofilm activity. These findings point towards broad applications of rHsAFP1 and its derivatives in the field of antifungal and antibiofilm drug development.
6. The Use of Postoperative Serum HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ for Judgment of the Prognosis for Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Runzhou Ni; Lei Yang; Mingbing Xiao; Feng Li; Cuihua Lu
2006-01-01
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value of hepatoma-specific alpha-fetoprotein (HS-AFP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase Ⅱ (GGT Ⅱ) for judgment of postoperative prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS HS-AFP was separated and determined using native polyacrylamide electrophoresis with a discontinuous buffer system and Western blots. GGT Ⅱ was separated with native polyacrylamide electrophoresis with a discontinuous buffer system and detected by enzyme staining. Forty cases with HCC underwent serial determination of HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ before and after radical excision. The correlations were analyzed between the two indices and survival time.RESULTS In the 40 cases with HCC, before radical excision the positive rates of HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ were 57.5% and 67.5% respectively, with the positive rate of combined HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ reaching 80.0%. After operation, the recurrence and metastasis rate in the groups with positive HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ were 90.9% and 58.8% respectively, while in the groups with negative HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ the rates were 20.7% and 26.1% respectively. Recurrence and metastasis occurred in all cases with both postoperative positive HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ but only in 9.5% of the cases in whom both postoperative HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ were negative. Univariate analysis revealed that postoperative HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ were related to the prognosis in HCC.CONCLUSION Postoperative serum HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ are very useful in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.
7. Comparative analysis of the aroma chemicals of Melissa officinalis using hydrodistillation and HS-SPME techniques
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shakeel-u- Rehman
2017-05-01
Full Text Available Headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS has been used for the chemical analysis of Melissa officinalis (leaves cultivated in Institute Germplasm. The HS-SPME analysis led to the identification of 22 components constituting 99.1% of the total volatile constituents present in the leaves whereas its hydrodistillate led to the identification of 24 volatile constituents constituting 98.1% of the volatile material. The chemical composition of the SPME and hydrodistilled extract of M. officinalis leaves comprised mainly of oxygenated monoterpenes (78.5% and 57.8% respectively and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (14.9% and 29.7% respectively. The major components identified in the HS-SPME extract were citronellal (31.1%, citronellol (18.3%, β-caryophyllene (12.0%, (E-citral (11.9%, (Z-citral (9.6%, geraniol (3.6%, (Z-β-ocimene (3.1% and 1-octen-3-ol (2.0% whereas hydrodistilled essential oil was rich in (Z-citral (19.6%, β-caryophyllene (13.2%, (E-citral (11.2%, citronellal (10.2%, germacrene-d (8.3%, δ-3-carene (5.0%, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (3.7% and citronellyl acetate (3.7%. The comparative analysis of volatile constituents of M. officinalis leaf extract using HS-SPME and hydrodistillation techniques shows both qualitative as well as quantitative differences. The current study is the first report involving rapid analysis of volatile components of M. officinalis by HS-SPME.
8. Post-synthetic regulation of HS structure: the yin and yang of the Sulfs in Cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Romain R Vives
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Heparan sulfate (HS is a complex polysaccharide that takes part in most major cellular processes, through its ability to bind and modulate a very large array of proteins. These interactions involve saccharide domains of specific sulfation pattern (S-domains, the assembly of which is tightly orchestrated by a highly regulated biosynthesis machinery. Another level of structural control does also take place at the cell surface, where degrading enzymes further modify HS post-synthetically. Amongst them are the Sulfs, a family of extracellular sulfatases (two isoforms in human that catalyze the specific 6-O-desulfation of HS. By targeting HS functional sulfated domains, Sulfs dramatically alter its ligand binding properties, thereby modulating a broad range of signaling pathways. Consequently, Sulfs play major roles during development, as well as in tissue homeostasis and repair. Sulfs have also been associated with many pathologies including cancer, but despite increasing interest, the role of Sulfs in tumor development still remains unclear. Studies have been hindered by a poor understanding of the Sulf enzymatic activities and conflicting data have shown either anti-oncogenic or tumor-promoting effects of these enzymes, depending on the tumor models analyzed. These opposite effects clearly illustrate the fine tuning of HS functions by the Sulfs, and the need to clarify the mechanisms involved. In this review, we will detail the present knowledge on the structural and functional properties of the Sulfs, with a special focus on their implication during tumor progression. Finally, we will discuss attempts and perspectives of using the Sulfs as a biomarker of cancer prognosis and diagnostic and as a target for anti-cancer therapies.
9. The diverse application of laser hair removal therapy: a tertiary laser unit's experience with less common indications and a literature overview.
Science.gov (United States)
Koch, D; Pratsou, P; Szczecinska, W; Lanigan, S; Abdullah, A
2015-01-01
We describe the diversity of indications for laser hair removal (LHR) therapy and compare our experience with the literature. Patients' case notes referred to the Birmingham Regional Skin Laser Centre between 2003 and 2011 for laser hair removal, with indications other than hirsutism, were reviewed retrospectively. Thirty-one treated patients with the following indications were identified: hair-bearing skin grafts/flaps, intra-oral hair-bearing flap, Becker's naevus, localised nevoid hypertrichosis, peristomal hair-bearing skin, scrotal skin prior to vaginoplasty in male-to-female (MTF) gender reassignment, pilonidal sinus disease (PSD), pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Seven patients with the following indications have been reported before: intra-oral hair-bearing graft, naevoid hypertrichosis and peristomal hair-bearing skin. A clinical review of the evidence available for each indication is provided. Our experience and that in the published literature suggest that LHR is a safe, well-tolerated and effective treatment modality for the indications we report, leading to significant symptom and functional improvement with high patient satisfaction. LHR appears effective in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions such as PSD, PFB and HS, particularly at an early disease stage. We aim to increase awareness of the diversity of laser hair removal indications and add evidence to the medical literature of the wide range of indications for this useful treatment modality.
10. Unstable Angina Pectoris Patients Serum hs-CRP Levels in Clinical Research%不稳定心绞痛患者血清hs-CRP水平临床研究
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
易慧芳
2014-01-01
Objective Investigate al ergic hs CRP determination in patients with unstable angina pectoris diagnosis value of serum. Methods Choose 60 cases of unstable angina pectoris patients as observation group, In the treatment of day 1, day 15 test hs-CRP concentration in serum, select 60 outpatient patients with stable angina pectoris patients as control group. Results Group of patients with unstable angina pectoris patients serum hs- CRP concentration significantly increased, compared with the control group with very significant dif erence( P<0.05 ) ,Observation group in the treatment of before and after comparison, hs-CRP concentration in serum increased obviously, there are significant dif erences(P<0.05). Conclusion The hs-CRP significantly higher in patients with unstable angina pectoris, has a high diagnostic value.%目的：探讨超敏C反应蛋白( High sensitivity C Reactive Protein,hs-CRP )测定在不稳定心绞痛患者血清中的诊断价值。方法选取60例不稳定心绞痛患者作为观察组,在入院第1d、第15d检测血清中hs-CRP浓度,选取门诊稳定心绞痛患者60例作为对照组。结果不稳定心绞痛患者患者组血清中hs-CRP浓度明显增高,与对照组比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.05),观察组在治疗前、后比较,血清中hs-CRP浓度明显增高,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 hs-CRP在不稳定心绞痛患者中显著增高,有很高的诊断价值。
11. ROS-Dependent Neuroprotective Effects of NaHS in Ischemia Brain Injury Involves the PARP/AIF Pathway
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Qian Yu
2015-07-01
Full Text Available Background/Aims: Stroke is among the top causes of death worldwide. Neuroprotective agents are thus considered as potentially powerful treatment of stroke. Methods: Using both HT22 cells and male Sprague-Dawley rats as in vitro and in vivo models, we investigated the effect of NaHS, an exogenous donor of H2S, on the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R induced brain injury. Results: Administration of NaHS significantly decreased the brain infarcted area as compared to the I/R group in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that NaHS-treated rats displayed significant reduction of malondialdehyde content, and strikingly increased activity of superoxide dismutases and glutathione peroxidase in the brain tissues compared with I/R group. The enhanced antioxidant capacity as well as restored mitochondrial function are NaHS-treatment correlated with decreased cellular reactive oxygen species level and compromised apoptosis in vitro or in vivo in the presence of NaHS compared with control. Further analysis revealed that the inhibition of PARP-1 cleavage and AIF translocation are involved in the neuroprotective effects of NaHS. Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggest that NaHS has potent protective effects against the brain injury induced by I/R. NaHS is possibly effective through inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
12. Elevated Preoperative Serum Hs-CRP Level as a Prognostic Factor in Patients Who Underwent Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Science.gov (United States)
Liu, Yu-Bin; Ying, Jie; Kuang, Su-Juan; Jin, Hao-Sheng; Yin, Zi; Chang, Liang; Yang, Hui; Ou, Ying-Liang; Zheng, Jiang-Hua; Zhang, Wei-Dong; Li, Chuan-Sheng; Jian, Zhi-Xiang
2015-12-01
To evaluate the effects of preoperative highly sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) in serum on the prognostic outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatic resection in Chinese samples.From January 2004 to December 2008, a total of 624 consecutive HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection were incorporated. Serum levels of Hs-CRP were tested at preoperation via a collection of venous blood samples. Survival analyses adopted the univariate and multivariate analyses.In our study, among the 624 screened HCC patients, 516 patients were eventually incorporated and completed follow-up. Positive correlations were found regarding preoperative serum Hs-CRP level and tumor size, Child-Pugh class, or tumor stage (all P Hs-CRP levels at preoperation (both P Hs-CRP-normal group, the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival rates were evidently decreased in the Hs-CRP-elevated group. Further, preoperative serum Hs-CRP level might be having possible prediction effect regarding survival and recurrence of HCC patients after hepatic section in the multivariate analysis.Preoperative increased serum Hs-CRP level was an independent prognostic indicator in patients with HCC following hepatic resection in Chinese samples.
13. Correlation of Serum Levels of Vitronectin, Malondialdehyde and Hs-CRP With Disease Severity in Coronary Artery Disease
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alireza Yaghoubi
2015-09-01
Conclusion: The association and correlation between VN, MDA and hs-CRP indicate their involvement in the atherosclerosis process that may lead to progression of CAD. Also, these findings suggested that serum levels of VN, MDA and hs-CRP can help as diagnostic and monitoring markers in CAD patients and as markers of disease severity.
14. The dependence of the blood level of the oxime HS 6 on the severity of organophosphate poisoning
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Wolthuis, O.L.; Clason-van der Wiel, H.J.; Visser, R.P.L.S.
1976-01-01
Atropinised anaesthetised rats were injected i.v. with 4, 6 or 8 x LD50 of the organophosphorous anticholinesterase soman. Subsequent treatment with one dose of HS 6 (100 mg/kg, i.v.) delayed respiratory failure by 1 h or more; a further postponement was obtained when an additional HS 6 infusion was
15. Hematopoietic lineage cell specific protein 1 (HS1) is a functionally important signaling molecule in platelet activation.
Science.gov (United States)
Kahner, Bryan N; Dorsam, Robert T; Mada, Sripal R; Kim, Soochong; Stalker, Timothy J; Brass, Lawrence F; Daniel, James L; Kitamura, Daisuke; Kunapuli, Satya P
2007-10-01
Collagen activates platelets through an intracellular signaling cascade downstream of glycoprotein VI (GPVI). We have investigated the contribution of hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 (HS1) downstream of GPVI in platelet activation. Stimulation of GPVI leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of HS1, which is blocked by Src-family kinase inhibitors. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that HS1 associates with Syk and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases. HS1-null mice displayed increased bleeding times and increased time to occlusion in the FeCl(3) in vivo thrombosis model compared with their wild-type littermates. In addition, aggregation and secretion responses were diminished in HS1-null mouse platelets after stimulation of GPVI and protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4) agonists compared with wild-type littermate mouse platelets. Finally, Akt phosphorylation was diminished after GPVI or PAR-4 stimulation in platelets from HS1-null mice compared with their wild-type littermates. These results demonstrate that phosphorylation of the HS1 protein occurs downstream of GPVI stimulation and that HS1 plays a significant functional role in platelet activation downstream of GPVI and PARs.
16. Proteomic Comparison of Fruit Ripening between 'Hedelfinger' Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) and Its Somaclonal Variant 'HS'.
Science.gov (United States)
Prinsi, Bhakti; Negri, Alfredo S; Espen, Luca; Piagnani, M Claudia
2016-05-25
The somaclonal variant HS, from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) 'Hedelfinger' (H), was previously selected for reduced tree vegetative vigor and lesser canopy density. In this work, we compared H and HS fruits at early unripe (green) and full ripe (dark red) stages by biochemical and proteomic approaches. The main biochemical parameters showed that fruit quality was not affected by somaclonal variation. The proteomic analysis identified 39 proteins differentially accumulated between H and HS fruits at the two ripening stages, embracing enzymes involved in several pathways, such as carbon metabolism, cell wall modification, stress response, and secondary metabolism. The evaluation of fruit phenolic composition by mass spectrometry showed that HS sweet cherries have higher levels of procyanidin, flavonol, and anthocyanin compounds. This work provides the first proteomic characterization of fruit ripening in sweet cherry, revealing new positive traits of the HS somaclonal variant.
17. Analysis of the changes of serum lipid and hs-CRP in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Jin-Mian Fan; Dong-Bo Zheng; Zhou-Ping Zhang
2016-01-01
Objective:To analyze changes of serum lipid and hs-CRP levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism in order to explore their correlations with TSH level.Methods:A total of 90 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were included in the study and divided into the mild, moderate, and severe groups according to TSH level with 30 cases in each group; meanwhile, 30 healthy individuals were served as the control groups. The changes of the levels of TSH, serum lipid indicators (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA, ApoB, and Lpa), and hs-CRP in the four groups were observed. The correlation of serum lipid and hs-CRP with TSH was analyzed. Results: The levels of TSH, TC, TG, Lpa, and hs-CRP in the subclinical hypothyroidism subgroups were significantly higher than those in the control group. The levels of HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA, and ApoB in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were increased when compared with the control group. The levels of HDL-C, LDL-C, and ApoB in the moderate and severe groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. ApoA level in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the control group. LDL-C in the moderate group was significantly higher than that in the mild group, and that in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the moderate group. ApoB level in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the mild group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that TC, TG, LDL-C, ApoB, Lpa, and hs-CRP were positively correlated with TSH level, while HDL-C and ApoA had no correlation with TSH level.Conclusions:The levels of serum lipid and hs-CRP are abnormally elevated in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, and are gradually increased along with the disease progression, which is closely associated with TSH level.
18. hsCRP in pre-hypertension and hypertension: a prospective study in Southern Asian region
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Satwika Sinha
2014-08-01
Full Text Available Background: Hypertension is turned into a leading cause of non-communicable disease associated mortality and morbidity in both developing as well as developed world. Hypertension is reported to be the fourth contributor to premature death in developed countries and the seventh in developing countries. In the regard of early diagnosis and better prognosis, the concept of pre-hypertension, defined as a systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg was introduced as the new guideline for the management of blood pressure by the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC-7. Among various other factors inflammation may be a causative factor for development of Hypertension But the association is not very clear. Accordingly, we have designed our study to find any association of hsCRP with pre-hypertension and hypertension so that early prevention and control can help to avoid or delay the grave outcome and complications of hypertension. Methods: A total of 37 hypertensives, 30 pre-hypertensives and 31 age and sex matched healthy control subjects were selected for the study, with consent. Two BP readings were taken five minutes apart, on both arms, with a mercury sphygmomanometer. The estimation of serum hsCRP was done on XL-600 automatic analyzer with the kit (Erba Mannheim based on the measurement of antigen-antibody reaction by the end-point method. Results: There is significant difference in systemic and diastolic blood pressure and hsCRP in between group study. In pre-hypertensive group hsCRP is correlated with diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Our results suggest a correlation exists between hsCRP and hypertension more significantly with pre-hypertension. So estimation of serum hsCRP can be a good diagnostic as well as prognostic marker in diagnosing pre-hypertensives and prevent the occurance of hypertension and cardio
19. Performance Analysis of an Enhanced PRMA-HS Protocol for LEO Satellite Communication
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
ZHUO Yong-ning; YAN Shao-hu; WU Shi-qi
2005-01-01
The packet reservation multiple access with hindering state (PRMA-HS) is a protocol suitable for LEO satellite mobile communication. Although working well with light system payload (amount of user terminals), the protocol imposes high channel congestion on system with heavy payload, thus degrades the system's quality of service. To controlling the channel congestion, a scheme of enhanced PRMA-HS protocol is proposed, which aims to reduce the collision of voice packets by adopting a mechanism of access control. Through theoretic analysis, the system's mathematic model is presented and the packet drop probability of the scheme is deduced. To testify the performance of the scheme, a simulation is performed and the results support our analysis.
20. The e-NutriHS: a web-based system for a Brazilian cohort study.
Science.gov (United States)
Folchetti, Luciana D; da Silva, Isis T; de Almeida Pititto, Bianca; Ferreira, Sandra R G
2015-01-01
The e-NutriHS is a web-based system developed to gather online information on health of a cohort of college students and graduates in nutrition. It consists of six validated and internationally recognized questionnaires regarding demographic and socioeconomic data, dietary habits, physical activity level, alcohol and tobacco use, anti-fat attitudes and personal and family histories. Our software and respective database is hosted in the School of Public Health server and is based on free programming languages. An e-NutriHS prototype was created preceding online deployment. An improved version of the website was released based on 20 volunteers' opinions. A total of 503 users were registered. Considering that web-based systems produce reliable data, are easy to use, less costly and are less time-consuming, we conclude that our experience deserves to be shared, particularly with middle income economy countries.
1. Sulfur isotope effects associated with protonation of HS- and volatilization of H2S
Science.gov (United States)
Fry, B.; Gest, H.; Hayes, J. M.
1986-01-01
The isotope effects associated with: (1) formation of H2S from HS- by protonation in aqueous solution; and (2) volatilization of H2S have been experimentally determined. Both isotopic distributions in closed systems at equilibrium and differential rates of volatilization of isotopic species in open systems were measured at 22 +/- 1 degrees C. It was found that, at equilibrium aqueous H2S is enriched in 34S by 2.0 - 2.7% relative to HS- and that H2S volatilized from solution is depleted in 34S by 0.5% relative to dissolved H2S. A small kinetic isotope effect accompanying volatilization of H2S was observed in the open-system experiments.
2. Sucrose Octaacetate Chemical Kinetics and Shelf Lives at Various Formulation pHs.
Science.gov (United States)
2017-06-23
Developing pediatric friendly dosage forms is a high priority worldwide. Sucrose octaacetate (SOA) has been recommended for use as a surrogate for bitter tasting active pharmaceutical ingredients. Even though SOA has found a number of human use applications and has been employed for decades, there are no rigorous chemical kinetic studies reported. A recently reported SOA stability-indicating method was used to perform SOA chemical kinetic and stability studies. As part of the chemical kinetic study, reaction order, activation energies, extrapolated rate constants, pH-rate profiles at 4 and 25°C, and estimated shelf lives at 4 and 25°C at different buffer pHs are provided. The estimated SOA shelf lives at 25°C and pHs 4.00, 5.20, and 6.00 were 25.3, 114, and 27.4 days, respectively. At 4°C, SOA's estimated shelf lives were 0.478, 5.26, and 1.47 years at pHs 4.00, 5.20, and 6.00, respectively. SOA can be formulated at pHs 4 to 6 and stored at 25°C for short-duration (less than 25 days) uses such as a bitter tasting surrogate for fundamental taste mechanism studies or brief taste masking assessment clinical studies. For longer term solution studies, like being used as a bitter tasting control for blinded clinical trials, SOA should be formulated at the optimum pH of 5.40 and refrigerated at 4°C for maximum stability. The reported data can be used as a starting point for developing stable SOA formulations and estimating shelf life.
3. A New Compound Along With Seven Known Compounds from an Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. HS-05
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gang Chen
2013-08-01
Full Text Available Investigation of EtOAc extract from the fermentation broth of the endophytic fungus Asperilligus sp. HS-05 led to the isolation of a new compound (1 of spiro moiety named aspergispiroketal and seven known compounds (2-8. Their structures were elucidated mainly by NMR and HR-TOF-MS, as well as on comparison with the reported data. The absolute configuration of 1 was defined by comparison of quantum chemical TDDFT calculated and experimental ECD spectra.
4. Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characterization of PolyDCHD-HS Films
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
CHEN Xianfeng; XIE Shengwu; CHEN Yingli; XIA Yuxin; S. Stefano; E. Giorgetti; G. Margatti
2000-01-01
Waveguiding films of the highly soluble polycarbazolydiacetylene polyDCHD-HS were prepared by spin coating and characterized at different wavelengths: 5 dB/cm propagation losses were observed at 1321 nm.Measurements of the third order nonliearity at 1064nm with the surface plasmon resonance method gave the valueχ(3)= i4.4×10-17+3.5×10-18 m2/V2.
5. Right-invariant Sobolev metrics ${H}^{s}$ on the diffeomorphisms group of the circle
CERN Document Server
Escher, Joachim
2012-01-01
We study the geodesic flow on the diffeomorphisms group of the circle with respect to the right-invariant metric induced by the fractional Sobolev norm $H^s$ for $s\\ge1/2$. We show that the corresponding initial value problem possesses a maximal solution in the smooth category and that the Riemannian exponential mapping is a smooth diffeomorphism from a neighbourhood of 0 in $C^{\\infty}(S)$ onto a neighbourhood of the identity in $Diff^{\\infty}(S)$.
6. Repeatability Using Automatic Tracing with Canon OCT- HS100 and Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000
OpenAIRE
Rune Brautaset; Ulrika Birkeldh; Petra Frehr Alstig; Petra Wikén; Maria Nilsson
2016-01-01
Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT), can be used in clinical practice to provide high resolution cross-sectional images of the retina, optic disc and macula structure. These measurements can be useful for early detection, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment guidance for retinal diseases. Therefore, repeatability of measurements in OCT is of great importance. Methods Macula and optic disc parameters from the right eye of 30 healthy subjects were obtained twice with the Canon OCT-HS10...
7. 慢性心力衰竭患者血清MMP-9和hs-CRP的表达%Expressions of serum MMP-9 and hs-CRP in patients with chronic heart failure
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
郑利平
2012-01-01
Objective To investigate the changes of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and high sensitive Creactive protein(hs-CRP) expressions in the patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 120 CHF patients was divided into 4 groups according to NYHA cardiac function classes of Ⅰ ,Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The expression levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP were detected with ELISA and Latex enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay, respectively, and compared among 4 NYHA cardiac cardiac function classes. Results The expression levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP were increased as the cardiac function became worsen(P<0. 05). The expression of serum MMP-9 was positively correlated to that of hs-CRP(r=0. 716,P<0. 01). Conclusion When the cardiac dysfunction becomes severe in CHF patients,the expressions of MMP-9 and hs-CRP are remarkably increased, which may participate in the myocardial remodeling of CHF.%目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的表达.方法 CHF患者120例,ELISA检测血清MMP-9表达,乳胶增强免疫比浊法检测血清hs-CRP水平.比较不同NYHA心功能状态患者MMP-9和hs-CRP的表达差异.结果 随着心功能的恶化,MMP-9和hs-CRP的表达水平显著升高(P＜0.05).CHF患者外周血MMP-9和hs-CRP的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.716,P＜0.01).结论 CHF患者外周血MMP-9和hs-CRP表达水平随着心功能的减低而升高,MMP-9和hs-CRP表达可能参与了CHF心肌重构的病理过程.
8. Interference of anesthetics in blood alcohol analysis by HS-GC-FID: A case report.
Science.gov (United States)
Monteiro, C; Proença, P; Tavares, C; Castañera, A; Corte Real, F
2016-08-01
One of the techniques most widely used in ethanol analysis in forensic laboratories is undoubtedly the headspace gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) since the determination of this substance is carried out directly, without the need for additional purification procedures, which leads to increased productivity. This is a very important factor due to the high number of alcohol analysis requested to these laboratories. The presence of other volatile substances can cause a problem given the fact that they can be interferents in ethanol analysis by HS-GC-FID, which can have legal consequences related with driving under the influence of alcohol. The authors report a case of a routine analysis by HS-GC-FID for the determination of ethanol of a driver who has suffered an accident in which the use of two chromatographic columns with different polarities was essential to obtain an unequivocally identification of this substance in presence of an interfering volatile anesthetic administered in the hospital. The method was validated according to international recommendations before being introduced into routine laboratory in terms of selectivity, limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ), linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, accuracy, robustness and carryover.
9. Infrared Studies of the Reflective Properties of Solar Cells and the HS376 Spacecraft
Science.gov (United States)
Frith, James; Reyes, Jacqueline; Cowardin, Heather; Anz-Meador, Phillip; Buckalew, Brent; Lederer, Susan
2016-01-01
In 2015, a selection of HS-376 buses were observed photometrically with the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) to explore relationships between time-on-orbit and Near Infrared (NIR) color. These buses were chosen because of their relatively simple shape, for the abundance of similar observable targets, and their surface material being primarily covered by solar cells. While the HS-376 spacecraft were all very similar in design, differences in the specific solar cells used in the construction of each model proved to be an unconstrained variable that could affect the observed reflective properties. In 2016, samples of the solar cells used on various models of HS-376 spacecraft were obtained from Boeing and were analyzed in the Optical Measurements Center at the Johnson Space Center using a visible-near infrared field spectrometer. The laboratory-based spectra are convolved to match the photometric bands previously obtained using UKIRT and compared with the on-orbit photometry. The results and future work are discussed here.
10. Correlation of Progranulin, Granulin, Adiponectin and Vaspin with Metaflammation (hs-CRP in Indonesian Obese Men
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rosalia E Napitupulu
2013-08-01
11. Correlation of hs-CRP with environmental risk factors of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jay Prakash Sah
2015-06-01
Full Text Available The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of hs-CRP levels with environmental risk factors of diabetic nephropathy like smoking, drinking alcohol, diet, age of diabetic patient, duration of diabetes, medication of diabetes, and blood pressure medication. A hospital-based quantitative study was conducted at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH Pokhara, Nepal, with 89 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. Blood samples (n=89 from the patients were collected and the serums were separated. On the other hand, data on environmental risk factors of nephropathy were collected by using standard questionnaire. In this study, serum hs-CRP level was not found to be correlated with smoking (p=0.111, alcohol consumption (p=0.722, diet (p=0.496, duration of diabetes (p=0.519, age of diabetic patient (p=0.369, medication of diabetes (p=0.734, and blood pressure medication (p=0.625. Hence, our study concludes that serum hs-CRP value in type 2 diabetic patients is insignificantly correlated with the risk factors especially smoking, drinking alcohol, diet, duration of diabetes, age of diabetic patient, medication of diabetes, and medication of blood pressure.
12. Hyperphosphatemia and hs-CRP Initiate the Coronary Artery Calcification in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.
Science.gov (United States)
Shang, Da; Xie, Qionghong; Shang, Bin; Zhang, Min; You, Li; Hao, Chuan-Ming; Zhu, Tongying
2017-01-01
Background. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) contributes to high risk of cardiocerebrovascular diseases in dialysis patients. However, the risk factors for CAC initiation in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are not known clearly. Methods. Adult patients with baseline CaCS = 0 and who were followed up for at least 3 years or until the conversion from absent to any measurable CAC detected were included in this observational cohort study. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for CAC initiation in PD patients. Results. 70 patients recruited to our study were split into a noninitiation group (n = 37) and an initiation group (n = 33) according to the conversion of any measurable CAC during their follow-up or not. In univariate analysis, systolic blood pressure, serum phosphorus, fibrinogen, hs-CRP, serum creatinine, and triglycerides were positively associated with the initiation of CAC, while the high density lipoprotein and nPCR did the opposite function. Multivariate analysis revealed that hyperphosphatemia and hs-CRP were the independent risk factors for CAC initiation after adjustments. Conclusions. Hyperphosphatemia and hs-CRP were the independent risk factors for CAC initiation in PD patients. These results suggested potential clinical strategies to prevent the initiation of CAC in PD patients.
13. The relationship of urotensin II with insulin resistance and hs-CRP in patients having PCOS.
Science.gov (United States)
Yilmaz, Özgür; Calan, Ozlem; Kume, Tuncay; Calan, Mehmet
2013-11-01
UrotensinII (UII), one of the most potent vasoconstrictor proteins, may be associated with insulin resistance. The objective of our research was to determine the level of UII in sera of patients with PCOS and to investigate the relationship between UII and insulin resistance in patients with PCOS. Fourty seven PCOS patients and 42 healthy women were included in the study. Serum fasting glucose, insulin, UII, free testosterone and hs-CRP levels of the patients were examined. The HOMA-IR formula was used to calculate insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity was calculated by using the QUICKI-IS formula. The two groups did not show any a significant difference in terms of age and BMI (p > 0.05). Serum UII, hs-CRP, insulin levels and the HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the patients with PCOS (p hs-CRP(r = 0.51, p < 0.001). Our study data suggested that UII may have a role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk, which are commonly found in patients with PCOS.
14. Rapid discrimination and feature extraction of three Chamaecyparis species by static-HS/GC-MS.
Science.gov (United States)
Chen, Ying-Ju; Lin, Chun-Ya; Cheng, Sen-Sung; Chang, Shang-Tzen
2015-01-28
This study aimed to develop a rapid and accurate analytical method for discriminating three Chamaecyparis species (C. formosensis, C. obtusa, and C. obtusa var. formosana) that could not be easily distinguished by volatile compounds. A total of 23 leaf samples from three species were analyzed by static-headspace (static-HS) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The static-HS procedure, whose experimental parameters were properly optimized, yielded a high Pearson correlation-based similarity between essential oil and VOC composition (r = 0.555-0.999). Thirty-six major constituents were identified; along with the results of cluster analysis (CA), a large variation in contents among the three different species was observed. Principal component analysis (PCA) methods illustrated graphically the relationships between characteristic components and tree species. It was clearly demonstrated that the static-HS-based procedure enhanced greatly the speed of precise analysis of chemical fingerprint in small sample amounts, thus providing a fast and reliable tool for the prediction of constituent characteristics in essential oil, and also offering good opportunities for studying the role of these feature compounds in chemotaxonomy or ecophysiology.
15. Association of HS6ST3 gene polymorphisms with obesity and triglycerides: gene x gender interaction.
Science.gov (United States)
Wang, Ke-Sheng; Wang, Liang; Liu, Xuefeng; Zeng, Min
2013-12-01
The heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 3 (HS6ST3) gene is involved in heparan sulphate and heparin metabolism, and has been reported to be associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.We hypothesized that HS6ST3 gene polymorphisms might play an important role in obesity and related phenotypes (such as triglycerides). We examined genetic associations of 117 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the HS6ST3 gene with obesity and triglycerides using two Caucasian samples: the Marshfield sample (1442 obesity cases and 2122 controls), and the Health aging and body composition (Health ABC) sample (305 cases and 1336 controls). Logistic regression analysis of obesity as a binary trait and linear regression analysis of triglycerides as a continuous trait, adjusted for age and sex, were performed using PLINK. Single marker analysis showed that six SNPs in the Marshfield sample and one SNP in the Health ABC sample were associated with obesity (P triglycerides in the Marshfield sample (P triglycerides in the Marshfield sample. These findings contribute new insights into the pathogenesis of obesity and triglycerides and demonstrate the importance of gender differences in the aetiology.
16. Exploring Dust Impacts on Tropical Systems from the NASA HS-3 Field Campaign
Science.gov (United States)
Nowottnick, Ed; Colarco, Pete; da Silva, Arlindo; Barahona, Donifan; Hlavka, Dennis
2015-01-01
One of the overall scientific goals of the NASA Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS-3) field campaign is to better understand the role of the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) in tropical storm development. During the 2012 HS-3 deployment, the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) observed dust within SAL air in close proximity to a developing Nadine (September 11, 2012). Throughout the mission, the NASA GEOS-5 modeling system supported HS-3 by providing 0.25 degrees resolution 5-day global forecasts of aerosols, which were used to support mission planning. The aerosol module was radiatively interactive within the GEOS-5 model, but aerosols were not directly coupled to cloud and precipitation processes. In this study we revisit the aerosol forecasts with an updated version of the GEOS-5 model. For the duration of Hurricane Nadine, we run multiday climate simulations leading up to each respective Global Hawk flight with and without aerosol direct interaction. For each set of simulations, we compare simulated dust mass fluxes to identify differences in SAL entrainment related to the interaction between dust aerosols and the atmosphere. We find that the direct effects of dust induce a low level anticyclonic circulation that temporarily shields Nadine from the intrusion of dry air, leading to a more intense storm.
17. Inhibitory effects of HS014 on glutamate release in astrocytes chronically treated with morphine
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Haichen Chu; Zejun Niu; Zhao Yang; Xuefeng Zhang
2010-01-01
Previous studies have confirmed that the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells significantly increases during morphine tolerance.However,morphine tolerance is reversed with melanocortin receptor antagonists,and analgesic action is enhanced accordingly.However,these mechanisms remain unclear.In the present study,following addition of morphine to Wistar rat spinal cord astrocytes,glutamate levels in the supematant significantly increased(P<0.05).At 30-120minutes following addition of intervention agent to spinal cord astrocytes,naloxone significantly increased glutamate release in morphine-tolerant model cells(P < 0.05),while melanocortin receptor antagonist HS014 decreased glutamate release(P < 0.05).Additional naloxone and HS014 to astrocytes significantly decreased glutamate release compared with additional naloxone alone(P < 0.01).Results from the present study demonstrated that glutamate release was increased in spinal cord astrocytes co-cultured with morphine.Naloxone increased glutamate release,and HS014 reduced glutamate release.
18. Relationship Between the Hypersensitive c-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Level and the Prognosis of Acute Brainstem Infarction.
Science.gov (United States)
Zhang, Xia; Huang, Wen-Juan; Yu, Zhi-Gang
2015-05-01
The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and the prognosis of acute brainstem infarction. Serum levels of hs-CRP were measured in 68 patients with acute brainstem infarction 72 h after disease onset. The hs-CRP levels in the U.S. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score group and in the modified RANKIN scale (mRS) score group were compared. The independent risk factors of brainstem infarction were analyzed using Logistic binary regression. The hs-CRP level was significantly higher in the group with NIHSS >5 compared with the one with NIHSS ≤ 5 (P = 0.004). In the group with mRS > 2, the age, smoking history, and blood glucose level were significantly higher than those in the group with mRS ≤ 2 (P hs-CRP level was significantly higher (P = 0.001). Age and hs-CRP level were the independent prognostic factors of the brainstem infarction. The serum hs-CRP level is closely related with the severity and prognosis of brainstem infarction, and is an independent risk factor of acute brainstem infarction.
19. High-normal levels of hs-CRP predict the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver in healthy men
Science.gov (United States)
Lee, Jieun; Yoon, Kijung; Ryu, Seungho; Chang, Yoosoo; Kim, Hyoung-Ryoul
2017-01-01
We performed a follow-up study to address whether high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels within the normal range can predict the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in healthy male subjects. Among15347 male workers between 30 and 59 years old who received annual health check-ups in 2002, a NAFLD-free cohort of 4,138 was followed through December 2009. Alcohol consumption was assessed with a questionnaire. At each visit, abdominal ultrasonography was performed to identify fatty liver disease. The COX proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the relationship between hs-CRP and incident NAFLD. During the follow-up period, 28.8% (1191 of 4138) of participants developed NAFLD. The hazard ratios of NAFLD were increased by hs-CRP categories within the normal range in the non-adjusted model and age-adjusted model. After adjusting for age, exercise, smoking, BMI, systolic BP, triglyceride, and fasting glucose, these incidences were only increased between the lowest and the highest hs-CRP categories. The risk for NAFLD increased as the hs-CRP level increased (p< 0.001). As the hs-CRP level increased within the healthy cohort, the risk of developing NAFLD increased. This trend remained true even if the hs-CRP level remained within the normal range. hs-CRP can be used as a predictor of NAFLD, as well as other obesity-associated diseases. Therefore, individuals with higher hs-CRP levels (even within the normal range) may require appropriate follow-up and management to prevent NAFLD development. PMID:28234943
20. The Chicken β-Globin 5′HS4 Boundary Element Blocks Enhancer-Mediated Suppression of Silencing
Science.gov (United States)
Walters, Mark C.; Fiering, Steven; Bouhassira, Eric E.; Scalzo, David; Goeke, Scott; Magis, Wendy; Garrick, David; Whitelaw, Emma; Martin, David I. K.
1999-01-01
A constitutive DNase I-hypersensitive site 5′ of the chicken β-globin locus, termed 5′HS4 or cHS4, has been shown to insulate a promoter from the effect of an upstream enhancer and to reduce position effects on mini-white expression in Drosophila cells; on the basis of these findings, it has been designated a chromatin insulator. We have examined the effect of the cHS4 insulator in a system that assays both the level of gene expression and the rate of transcriptional silencing. Because transgenes flanked by insulator elements are shielded from position effects in Drosophila cells, we tested the ability of cHS4 to protect transgenes from position effects in mammalian cells. Flanking of an expression vector with the cHS4 insulator in a colony assay did not increase the number of G418-resistant colonies. Using lox/cre-based recombinase-mediated cassette exchange to control integration position, we studied the effect of cHS4 on the silencing of an integrated β-geo reporter at three genomic sites in K562 erythroleukemia cells. In this assay, enhancers act to suppress silencing but do not increase expression levels. While cHS4 blocked enhancement at each integration site, the strength of the effect varied from site to site. Furthermore, at some sites, cHS4 inhibited the enhancer effect either when placed between the enhancer and the promoter or when placed upstream of the enhancer. These results suggest that the activity of cHS4 is not dominant in all contexts and is unlikely to prevent silencing at all genomic integration sites. PMID:10207095
1. The chicken beta-globin 5'HS4 boundary element blocks enhancer-mediated suppression of silencing.
Science.gov (United States)
Walters, M C; Fiering, S; Bouhassira, E E; Scalzo, D; Goeke, S; Magis, W; Garrick, D; Whitelaw, E; Martin, D I
1999-05-01
A constitutive DNase I-hypersensitive site 5' of the chicken beta-globin locus, termed 5'HS4 or cHS4, has been shown to insulate a promoter from the effect of an upstream enhancer and to reduce position effects on mini-white expression in Drosophila cells; on the basis of these findings, it has been designated a chromatin insulator. We have examined the effect of the cHS4 insulator in a system that assays both the level of gene expression and the rate of transcriptional silencing. Because transgenes flanked by insulator elements are shielded from position effects in Drosophila cells, we tested the ability of cHS4 to protect transgenes from position effects in mammalian cells. Flanking of an expression vector with the cHS4 insulator in a colony assay did not increase the number of G418-resistant colonies. Using lox/cre-based recombinase-mediated cassette exchange to control integration position, we studied the effect of cHS4 on the silencing of an integrated beta-geo reporter at three genomic sites in K562 erythroleukemia cells. In this assay, enhancers act to suppress silencing but do not increase expression levels. While cHS4 blocked enhancement at each integration site, the strength of the effect varied from site to site. Furthermore, at some sites, cHS4 inhibited the enhancer effect either when placed between the enhancer and the promoter or when placed upstream of the enhancer. These results suggest that the activity of cHS4 is not dominant in all contexts and is unlikely to prevent silencing at all genomic integration sites.
2. Targeted deletion of 5'HS1 and 5'HS4 of the beta-globin locus control region reveals additive activity of the DNaseI hypersensitive sites.
Science.gov (United States)
Bender, M A; Roach, J N; Halow, J; Close, J; Alami, R; Bouhassira, E E; Groudine, M; Fiering, S N
2001-10-01
The mammalian beta-globin locus is a multigenic, developmentally regulated, tissue-specific locus from which gene expression is regulated by a distal regulatory region, the locus control region (LCR). The functional mechanism by which the beta-globin LCR stimulates transcription of the linked beta-like globin genes remains unknown. The LCR is composed of a series of 5 DNaseI hypersensitive sites (5'HSs) that form in the nucleus of erythroid precursors. These HSs are conserved among mammals, bind transcription factors that also bind to other parts of the locus, and compose the functional components of the LCR. To test the hypothesis that individual HSs have unique properties, homologous recombination was used to construct 5 lines of mice with individual deletions of each of the 5'HSs of the endogenous murine beta-globin LCR. Here it is reported that deletion of 5'HS1 reduces expression of the linked genes by up to 24%, while deletion of 5'HS4 leads to reductions of up to 27%. These deletions do not perturb the normal stage-specific expression of genes from this multigenic locus. In conjunction with previous studies of deletions of the other HSs and studies of deletion of the entire LCR, it is concluded that (1) none of the 5'HSs is essential for nearly normal expression; (2) none of the HSs is required for proper developmental expression; and (3) the HSs do not appear to synergize either structurally or functionally, but rather form independently and appear to contribute additively to the overall expression from the locus.
3. High sensitivity C - reactive protein (hs-CRP) and clinical characteristics, endocrine, metabolic profile in Indian women with PCOS: a correlation
OpenAIRE
Sunita Jaiprakash Ramanand; Jaiprakash B Ramanand; Girish T. Raparti; Ravi R Ghanghas; Nimish R. Halasawadekar; Praveenkumar T. Patil; Mayur P. Pawar; Mayur P. Shinde
2014-01-01
Background: Role of hs-CRP was studied in PCOS women. Methods: Correlation between serum hs-CRP and endocrine, metabolic profile was studied in 30 healthy women and 88 PCOS women. In PCOS women correlation between hs-CRP and clinical characteristics viz obesity, infertility, acne, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans (AN) was also studied. Serum levels of hs-CRP, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), LH:FSH ratio, Testosterone (Testo), fasting insulin, fasting blood gluc...
4. HS-AFP在肝癌早期诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值%The Value of HS-AFP in the Early Diagnosis and DifferentiaI Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
贲其稳; 倪润洲; 肖明兵; 陆翠华; 李立人; 毛振彪
2008-01-01
目的:探讨肝癌特异性甲胎蛋白(HS-AFP)对肝细胞癌的诊断及鉴别诊断价值.方法:对105例肝癌患者及151例良性肝病血清HS-AFP及AFP进行检测,并对10例HS-AFP阳性的良性肝病患者进行15个月随访观察.HS-AFP采用不连续缓冲系统PAGE结合Western blot分离检测,AFP采用化学发光法测定.结果:105例肝癌患者HS-AFP和AFP＞200μg/L阳性率分别为60.0%和50.5%(P＞0.05),良性肝痛患者HS-AFP阳性率显著低于AFP＞200μg/L的阳性率(P＜0.05).AFP处于50-400μg/L范围的肝癌组HS-AFP阳性率为77.1%.良性肝病组阳性率为13.6%(P＜0.01).151例良性肝病中有10例HS-AFP出现阳性,其中3例于随访期间检出肝癌.11例小体积肝癌HS-AFP阳性率(45.5%)高于AFP＞200μg/L的阳性率(18.2%).结论:HS-AFP对肝癌的诊断价值优于AFP浓度.对肝癌高危人群监测HS-AFP有助于肝癌的早期诊断.对血清AFP中低浓度升高的良恶性肝病有较高的鉴别诊断价值.
5. NT-proBNP和hs-CRP在急性冠脉综合征诊断中的价值%The value of NT-proBNP and hs-CRP in acute coronary syndrome diagnosis
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李茂
2014-01-01
Objective:To explore the levels of NT-proBNP and hs-CRP in serum of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods:50 cases of ACS were as the observation group;40 cases of healthy persons were as the control group.We detected the changes in the levels of NT-proBNP and hs-CRP in serum of the two groups.Results:In the observation group,the levels of NT-proBNP and hs-CRP in serum were significantly increased.Compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The detection of NT-proBNP and hs-CRP is of great significance in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome.%目的：观察急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血清中NT-proBNP和hs-CRP水平。方法：50例ACS患者作观察组，40例健康者作对照组，检测两组血清中NT-proBNP和hs-CRP水平的变化。结果：观察组血清中NT-proBNP与hs-CRP水平均显著升高，与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：NT-proBNP和hs-CRP的检测对急性冠脉综合征的诊断具有重要意义。
6. Increased hsCRP is associated with higher risk of aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Blyme, Adam; Asferg, Camilla; Nielsen, O. W.
2016-01-01
Objective To investigate relations between inflammation and aortic valve stenosis (AS) by measuring high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, at baseline (hsCRP(0)) and after 1year (hsCRP(1)) and exploring associations with aortic valve replacement (AVR). Design We examined 1423 patients from...... the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis study. Results During first year of treatment, hsCRP was reduced both in patients later receiving AVR (2.3 [0.9-4.9] to 1.8 [0.8-5.4] mg/l, p...) predicted later AVR (HR=1.17, paortic valve area (AVA) and other risk factors. A higher rate of AVR was observed in the group with high hsCRP(0) and an increase during the first year (AVR(highCRP0CRP1inc)=47.3% versus AVR(highCRP0CRP1dec)=27.5%, p
7. Reactions of superoxide dismutases with HS(-)/H2S and superoxide radical anion: An in vitro EPR study.
Science.gov (United States)
Bolić, Bojana; Mijušković, Ana; Popović-Bijelić, Ana; Nikolić-Kokić, Aleksandra; Spasić, Snežana; Blagojević, Duško; Spasić, Mihajlo B; Spasojević, Ivan
2015-12-01
Interactions of hydrogen sulfide (HS(-)/H2S), a reducing signaling species, with superoxide dimutases (SOD) are poorly understood. We applied low-T EPR spectroscopy to examine the effects of HS(-)/H2S and superoxide radical anion O2.- on metallocenters of FeSOD, MnSOD, and CuZnSOD. HS(-)/H2S did not affect FeSOD, whereas active centers of MnSOD and CuZnSOD were open to this agent. Cu(2+) was reduced to Cu(1+), while manganese appears to be released from MnSOD active center. Untreated and O2.- treated FeSOD and MnSOD predominantly show 5 d-electron systems, i.e. Fe(3+) and Mn(2+). Our study provides new details on the mechanisms of (patho)physiological effects of HS(-)/H2S.
8. Role of inflammation as reflected by serum hsCRP and ferritin level in major depressive disorder
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Soma Gupta
2016-09-01
Conclusions: The significant change in hsCRP and Ferritin which is not associated with grade wise alteration suggests that probably inflammation is the early event which causes depression. Therefore no gradual change is observed with increase in severity of the disease. hsCRP can be used as a biomarker of Inflammation in MDD cases. [Int J Res Med Sci 2016; 4(9.000: 4072-4077
9. High-normal levels of hs-CRP predict the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver in healthy men.
Science.gov (United States)
Lee, Jieun; Yoon, Kijung; Ryu, Seungho; Chang, Yoosoo; Kim, Hyoung-Ryoul
2017-01-01
We performed a follow-up study to address whether high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels within the normal range can predict the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in healthy male subjects. Among15347 male workers between 30 and 59 years old who received annual health check-ups in 2002, a NAFLD-free cohort of 4,138 was followed through December 2009. Alcohol consumption was assessed with a questionnaire. At each visit, abdominal ultrasonography was performed to identify fatty liver disease. The COX proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the relationship between hs-CRP and incident NAFLD. During the follow-up period, 28.8% (1191 of 4138) of participants developed NAFLD. The hazard ratios of NAFLD were increased by hs-CRP categories within the normal range in the non-adjusted model and age-adjusted model. After adjusting for age, exercise, smoking, BMI, systolic BP, triglyceride, and fasting glucose, these incidences were only increased between the lowest and the highest hs-CRP categories. The risk for NAFLD increased as the hs-CRP level increased (phs-CRP level increased within the healthy cohort, the risk of developing NAFLD increased. This trend remained true even if the hs-CRP level remained within the normal range. hs-CRP can be used as a predictor of NAFLD, as well as other obesity-associated diseases. Therefore, individuals with higher hs-CRP levels (even within the normal range) may require appropriate follow-up and management to prevent NAFLD development.
10. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP level and biochemical parameters for prehypertension and prediabetes diagnosis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yuttana Sudjaroen
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Context: Coronary atherosclerosis still presents one of the main causes of death. Efficacious prevention should focus on the early control of cardiovascular risk factors, including lipid profiles, which are unable early detect in subclinical cases. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP can prove to be an early cardiac risk predictor. Aims: 1 To compare hs-CRP levels between healthy volunteer with normal blood pressure and those with prehypertension, and 2 to use hs-CRP levels along with other risks to be a cardiac risk predictor. Setting and Design: This was a cross-sectional study for 6 months′ duration from January to June 2013 at Kudjab Hospital located in Udon Thani province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: Forty (40 healthy volunteers with prehypertension and 40 volunteers with normal blood pressure were included in the study. Both groups were similar in age range and sex. Twelve-hour (12-h fasting blood samples were collected from all the participants. Serum was assayed for hs-CRP and lipid profile. Results: All of parameters were statistically significant difference (P < 000.1. The hs-CRP level (6.27 ± 7.8 mg/L was elevated in the prehypertension group. The relative risk of hs-CRP for prehypertension was 6.3 with the odds ratio of 15.48, whereas the relative risk of lipid profiles for prehypertension prediction was only 1.28, with the odds ratio of 1.67. Statistical Analysis: SPSS version 11.0 using the unpaired t-test for comparing demographic data and blood parameters and risk prediction of hs-CRP and lipid profiles were calculated by relative risk with odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI]. Conclusions: Hs-CRP is an early cardiac risk predictor even with normal lipid profile, and can help measure additional risk especially subclinical people such as prehypertension.
11. Determination of aromatic compounds in eluates of pyrolysis solid residues using HS-GC-MS and DLLME-GC-MS.
Science.gov (United States)
Bernardo, Maria S; Gonçalves, M; Lapa, N; Barbosa, R; Mendes, B; Pinto, F; Gulyurtlu, Ibrahim
2009-11-15
A method for the determination of 15 aromatic hydrocarbons in eluates from solid residues produced during the co-pyrolysis of plastics and pine biomass was developed. In a first step, several sampling techniques (headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), static headspace sampling (HS), and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) were compared in order to evaluate their sensitivity towards these analytes. HS-SPME and HS sampling had the better performance, but DLLME was itself as a technique able to extract volatiles with a significant enrichment factor. HS sampling coupled with GC-MS was chosen for method validation for the analytes tested. Calibration curves were constructed for each analyte with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.66-37.85 ng/L. The precision of the HS method was evaluated and good repeatability was achieved with relative standard deviations of 4.8-13.2%. The recoveries of the analytes were evaluated by analysing fortified real eluate samples and were in the range of 60.6-113.9%. The validated method was applied in real eluate samples. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) were the compounds in higher concentrations. The DLLME technique coupled with GC-MS was used to investigate the presence of less volatile contaminants in eluate samples. This analysis revealed the presence of significant amounts of alkyl phenols and other aromatic compounds with appreciable water solubility.
12. The role of hs-CRP, D-dimer and fibrinogen in differentiating etiological subtypes of ischemic stroke.
Science.gov (United States)
Liu, Li-Bin; Li, Mu; Zhuo, Wen-Yan; Zhang, Yu-Sheng; Xu, An-Ding
2015-01-01
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the serum biochemical markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), D-dimer (DD) and fibrinogen (Fg) in differentiating etiological subtypes of ischemic stroke. This study was a retrospective case-only study, consecutively including patients with acute ischemic stroke. All patients were classified into subtypes using the TOAST classification system. A total of 317 patients were evaluated. Hs-CRP and DD levels were significantly different among the subtypes and were the highest in CE, followed by LAA and SAA; no significant difference between the subtypes was found for Fg. Hs-CRP > 6.96 mg/L was classified as the CE subtype, with a sensitivity of 41% and a specificity of 74%; DD > 791.30 ng/mL was classified as CE, with a sensitivity of 58% and a specificity of 78%. The combination of hs-CRP and DD classification as CE yielded a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 91%. DD > 791.30 ng/mL was considered an independent predictive factor of CE. Hs-CRP and DD could be useful for identifying the etiological subtypes of acute ischemic stroke, especially for predicting CE. The diagnostic value of DD was higher than that of hs-CRP.
13. Obesity indices and metabolic markers are related to hs-CRP and adiponectin levels in overweight and obese females.
Science.gov (United States)
Sanip, Zulkefli; Ariffin, Farah Diana; Al-Tahami, Belqes Abdullah Mohammed; Sulaiman, Wan Azman Wan; Rasool, Aida Hanum Ghulam
2013-01-01
Obese subjects had increased serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), decreased adiponectin levels, and impaired microvascular endothelial function compared to lean subjects. We investigated the relationships of serum hs-CRP, adiponectin and microvascular endothelial function with obesity indices and metabolic markers in overweight and obese female subjects. Anthropometric profile, body fat composition, biochemical analysis, serum hs-CRP and adiponectin levels, and microvascular endothelial function were measured in 91 female subjects. Microvascular endothelial function was determined using laser Doppler fluximetry and the process of iontophoresis. Mean age and body mass index (BMI) of subjects were 34.88 (7.87) years and 32.93 (4.82) kg/m(2). hs-CRP levels were positively correlated with weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat and visceral fat. Adiponectin levels were positively correlated with insulin sensitivity index (HOMA-%S), and inversely correlated with waist hip ratio, triglyceride, fasting insulin and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). No relationship was seen between microvascular endothelial function and obesity indices, and metabolic markers. In overweight and obese female subjects, hs-CRP levels were correlated with obesity indices while adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with obesity indices and metabolic markers. No significant relationship was seen between microvascular endothelial function with obesity indices and metabolic markers including hs-CRP and adiponectin in female overweight and obese subjects.
14. Elevated copper, hs C-reactive protein and dyslipidemia in drug free schizophrenia: Relation with psychopathology score.
Science.gov (United States)
Devanarayanan, Sivasankar; Nandeesha, Hanumanthappa; Kattimani, Shivanand; Sarkar, Siddharth; Jose, Jancy
2016-12-01
Inflammation, dyslipidemia and altered copper levels have been reported in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, their association with the severity of psychopathology in schizophrenia is yet to be established. The present study was designed to assess the serum levels of copper, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipid profile and to explore their association with psychopathology scores in schizophrenia. 40 cases and 40 controls were included in the study. Serum copper, hs-CRP and lipid profile were estimated in all the subjects. Disease severity was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Copper, hs-CRP, total cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol were significantly increased and HDL-Cholesterol was significantly reduced in schizophrenia cases when compared with controls. Copper was positively correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.338, p=0.003). Total cholesterol was significantly correlated with PANSS total (r=0.452, p=0.003) and negative symptom scores (r=0.337, p=0.033). Triacylglycerol was positively correlated with general psychopathology symptom score (r=0.416, p=0.008). Copper and hs-CRP were increased and correlated well with each other in schizophrenia cases. Though total cholesterol and triacylglycerol showed positive association with severity of the psychopathology, copper and hs-CRP were not associated with the disease severity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
15. Association of HS6ST3 gene polymorphisms with obesity and triglycerides: gene × gender interaction
Ke-Sheng Wang; Liang Wang; Xuefeng Liu; Min Zeng
2013-12-01
The heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 3 (HS6ST3) gene is involved in heparan sulphate and heparin metabolism, and has been reported to be associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that HS6ST3 gene polymorphisms might play an important role in obesity and related phenotypes (such as triglycerides). We examined genetic associations of 117 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the HS6ST3 gene with obesity and triglycerides using two Caucasian samples: the Marshfield sample (1442 obesity cases and 2122 controls), and the Health aging and body composition (Health ABC) sample (305 cases and 1336 controls). Logistic regression analysis of obesity as a binary trait and linear regression analysis of triglycerides as a continuous trait, adjusted for age and sex, were performed using PLINK. Single marker analysis showed that six SNPs in the Marshfield sample and one SNP in the Health ABC sample were associated with obesity $(P \\lt 0.05)$. SNP rs535812 revealed a stronger association with obesity in meta-analysis of these two samples $(P = 0.0105)$. The T–A haplotype from rs878950 and rs9525149 revealed significant association with obesity in the Marshfield sample $(P = 0.012)$. Moreover, nine SNPs showed associations with triglycerides in the Marshfield sample $(P \\lt 0.05)$ and the best signal was rs1927796 $(P = 0.00858)$. In addition, rs7331762 showed a strong gene × gender interaction $(P = 0.00956)$ for obesity while rs1927796 showed a strong gene × gender interaction $(P = 0.000625)$ for triglycerides in the Marshfield sample. These findings contribute new insights into the pathogenesis of obesity and triglycerides and demonstrate the importance of gender differences in the aetiology.
16. 佳能发布伊克萨斯IXUS 1000 HS
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
2010-01-01
佳能IXU S1000 HS具有10倍光学变焦．但机身厚度仅约22.3毫米．在秉承伊克萨斯系列时尚设计风格的同时．实现了高倍光学变焦．IXU S1000 HS共有3种机身色彩可供选择，包括玛瑙褐，宝石粉和珍珠银．不但配置了“HS SYSTEM”．
17. Tribological resistance of high speed steel HS 6-5-2 remelted with electric arc
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A. Dziedzic
2009-07-01
Full Text Available The intensity of tribological wear of the high speed steel HS 6-5-2 remelted with the GTAW method has been compared to the heat treatment steel in a conventional way. Moreover, the types of the wear appeared during the friction. The tribiological research, were done in the technically dry friction conditions on a testing machine of the pin-on-disc T-01M. The smallest intensity of wear was shown by the high speed steel remelted with the parameters leading to obtain the biggest speed of cooling of the molten metal. The main wear type appearing during the research, was the abrasion and adhesive wear.
18. Material characteristics of CLEARCERAM-Z HS for use in large diameter mirror blanks
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Kishi, Takayuki; Goto, Naoyuki; Hoffman, Brion; Kawashima, Yasuyuki; Suzuki, Kenji; Yoshizawa, Kazuharu; Suzuki, Kaito
2010-07-01
There is growing interest within the Astronomical community in the development and use of very large aperture telescopes which will incorporate the latest advancements in optical materials. Two of the most notable of these large size telescope projects, the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), will use mirror segments in the actively controlled primary mirrors. In this paper we present the results of a material characteristics study on Ohara CLEARCERAM®-Z HS large diameter blanks which includes data on the CTE, CTE uniformity, residual stress and internal quality targeting potential use in the TMT Primary Mirror Segment Banks.
19. Study on the changes of RDW and hs-CRP in patients with preeclampsia%子痫前期患者 RDW 与 hs-CRP 检测的临床价值
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
王爱兰; 刘庆翠
2015-01-01
Objective:To evaluate the relationship of RDW and hs-CRP with the presence and severity of preeclampsia .Methods :RDW was meas-ured using blood cell counter ,and hs-CRP level of patients with preeclampsia was measured through ELISA method .Results:The RDW ,systolic and diastolic blood pressure ,proteinuria ,white blood cell and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia group .Subgroup analysis revealed that RDW levels were significantly increased in patients with severe preeclampsia when compared to the patients with mild preeclampsia .Conclusion:The RDW and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia group than control pregnancy patients ,and they increased with the increase of severity of disease ,the was a positive correlation between them .RDW can be used for indicator of severity of disease .%目的:评价红细胞分布宽度(RDW)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs -CRP)与子痫前期发病及严重程度的关系.方法:采用血细胞计数器测量 RDW值 ,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定子痫前期患者血清中CRP水平.结果:子痫前期组RDW、收缩压和舒张压、尿蛋白、白细胞和hs -CRP显著增高.亚组分析表明 ,重度子痫前期患者RDW水平较轻度组显著升高.结论:子痫前期患者RDW和hs-CRP明显高于正常妊娠者 ,且随着疾病严重程度的增加而升高 ,两者呈正相关.RDW可作为判断疾病轻重的指标.
20. 功能化CdS∶Mn荧光探针测定hs-DNA%Detection of hs-DNA by functinal CdS∶Mn fluorescent probe
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张艺; 李紫薇; 何晓燕; 王兴磊
2015-01-01
在油胺溶剂中,利用溶剂热法于160℃加热反应12 h,合成了CdS∶Mn量子点,并用巯基乙酸对合成的量子点进行了包裹.借助X射线衍射分析、傅里叶红外光谱、荧光谱图等测试方法对材料进行表征,数据表明,合成的CdS∶Mn量子点JCPDS#为80-0019,在CdS∶Mn量子点上成功修饰上了羧基(-COOH),CdS∶Mn晶体修饰前后主要发射峰从526 nm蓝移至488 nm.以COOH-CdS∶Mn功能化材料为荧光探针,基于DNA对材料的荧光猝灭,实现了对DNA的定量测定.实验在pH=6.6条件下,功能化荧光材料的荧光强度和鲱鱼精DNA(hs-DNA)的质量浓度呈线性关系,线性方程为△F =78.69-0.179c,检出限为0.053 mg/L,相关系数R=0.998 8,RSD =0.27％.
1. Effects of fluorinated and hydrogenated surfactants on human serum albumin at different pHs.
Science.gov (United States)
Sabín, Juan; Prieto, Gerardo; González-Pérez, Alfredo; Ruso, Juan M; Sarmiento, Félix
2006-01-01
Complexation between human serum albumin (HSA) and two different surfactants, one fully fluorinated (sodium perfluorooctanoate, SPFO) and one fully hydrogenated (sodium caprylate, SO), was studied using zeta-potential measurements and difference spectroscopy. The study was carried out at three different pHs, 3.2, 6.7, and 10.0. The spectroscopy study was performed at pHs 6.7 and 10.0, given that at pH 3.2 high turbidity was observed in the wide range of surfactant concentrations. The results were interpreted in terms of the electrostatic and hydrophobic contributions to the stability of the different phases formed in the water-surfactant-HSA system. Solutions and precipitates were observed in the concentration range investigated in more detail. Using Pace methods, the thermodynamic values of the surfactant-induced conformational changes in HSA were determined for sodium perfluorooctanoate in the concentration range 2-12 mmol dm(-3) at pH 6.7 and 5-22 mmol dm(-3) at pH 10.0. Electrophoretic measurements were used to characterize surfactant adsorption by determining the number of molecules adsorbed on the surface of HSA and the Gibbs energy of adsorption. Finally, the interactions between human serum albumin and other anionic surfactants studied by other authors were compared with those observed in the present work.
2. Repeatability Using Automatic Tracing with Canon OCT- HS100 and Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000.
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Rune Brautaset
Full Text Available Optical coherence tomography (OCT, can be used in clinical practice to provide high resolution cross-sectional images of the retina, optic disc and macula structure. These measurements can be useful for early detection, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment guidance for retinal diseases. Therefore, repeatability of measurements in OCT is of great importance.Macula and optic disc parameters from the right eye of 30 healthy subjects were obtained twice with the Canon OCT-HS100 and Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000. Repeatability was evaluated by use of the coefficient of repeatability (CR and the coefficient of repeatability as a percentage of the mean (CR%, and the obtained measurements were compared between the instruments.CR% of optic disc parameters ranged between 0.90 and 22.22% and 0.00 and 16.00% with the Canon and Zeiss OCT respectively. For macular parameters CR% ranged between 0.62 and 2.81% and 0.99 and 1.81% with the Canon and Zeiss OCT respectively. No statistical difference could be found when comparing the CR of all macular and disc measurements between the instruments. Compared to our previously published data repeatability has significantly improved with the inclusion of automatic tracking systems with both the Canon and Zeiss OCT.Automatic tracking function improves repeatability in both Canon OCT-HS100 and Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000. However, measurements generated by the two instruments are still not interchangeable.
3. Comparison of continuous and discontinuous counterimmunoelectrophoresis with immunodiffusion in identification of candida antibody using HS antigen.
Science.gov (United States)
Marier, R; Andriole, V T
1978-07-01
We have compared continuous counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CCIE) and discontinuous counterimmunoelectrophoresis (DCIE) with immunodiffusion (ID) in the identification of Candida albicans antibody using HS antigen. Eighteen sera with a titer of 1/1 to 1/32 1/32 by CCIE were titered by CCIE and ID. Fewer were positive by CCIE and ID (13 of 18 and 9 of 18, respectively). Furthermore, the titers were lower when measured by these two methods in comparison to DCIE (4 of 18 and 3 of 18 sera had titers greather than or equal to 1/8 in comparison with 7 of 18 greater than or equal to 1/8 by DCIE). Finally, DCIE was found to be much faster than CCIE and ID. After 20 min of electrophoresis, 17 of 21 sera were positive by DCIE, whereas none were positive by CCIE. Even after 90 min, only 10 of 21 were positive by CCIE, whereas 4 of 21 were positive by ID. The increased sensitivity and speed of DCIE over CCIE and ID suggest that DCIE is preferable to these other methods in the measurement of candida antibody using HS antigen.
4. Hidradenitis supurativa in unusual sites
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Gharami R
2003-03-01
Full Text Available A 35 year old man presented with multiple indurated plaques, studded with pus discharging sinuses and scarring on both legs for last 15 years. He was also having lichen amyloidosis on both forearms, Pus culture yielded growth of Staphylococcus aureus and tissue culture excluded deep fungal infection and mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli.
5. Hidradenitis supurativa in unusual sites
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Gharami R
2003-01-01
Full Text Available A 35 year old man presented with multiple indurated plaques, studded with pus discharging sinuses and scarring on both legs for last 15 years. He was also having lichen amyloidosis on both forearms, Pus culture yielded growth of Staphylococcus aureus and tissue culture excluded deep fungal infection and mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli.
6. 联合检测Hcy、Cysc及hs-CRP对妊娠期高血压疾病的意义%The significance of joint detection of Hcy, CysC and hs-CRP for the diagnosis of HDP
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
王挺; 连炬飞; 周永贤; 郭莉; 陈汉彪
2014-01-01
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of serum homocysteine (Hcy),cystalin C (CysC) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) joint detect for the diagnosis of hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy (HDP).Method Serum levels of Hcy,CysC and hs-CRP of 86 HDP patients (HDP group) and 96 normal pregnant women (control group) were measured,analyzed and compared.Results Comparing HDP group and control group,severe HDP group and mild HDP group,there were significances differences in serum levels of Hcy,CysC and hs-CRP(P＜0.05).Significant positive correlation exist between Hcy and Cysc,hs-CRP in HDP group (r=0.592,0.668),and the serum levels of Hcy,CysC and hs-CRP is positively correlated with the severity of HDP(r=0.759,0.266,0.365).Conclusion The serum levels of Hcy,CysC and hs-CRP in HDP patient is positively correlated with the severity of HDP.Joint detection of the serum levels of Hcy,CysC and hs-CRP is important for the diagnosis of HDP and illness progression and prognosis.%目的 探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胱抑素C(CysC)及超敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)联合检测对诊断妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)的临床价值.方法 选取86例妊娠期高血压疾病患者(HDP组)和96例正常妊娠孕妇(对照组),分别检测血清Hcy 、CysC和hs-CRP,并对结果进行分析比较.结果 HDP组与对照组比较,重度HDP组与轻度HDP组比较,Hcy、CysC和hs-CRP差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HDP组Hcy与CysC、hs-CRP呈显著正相关(r=0.592、0.668),且Hcy 、CysC和hs-CRP浓度与HDP病情轻重呈正相关(r=0.759、0.266、0.365).结论 HDP患者血清Hcy 、Cysc和hs-CRP浓度与HDP病情轻重呈正相关,联合检测对诊断妊娠期高血压疾病及其病情进展、预后判断具有重要的指导意义.
7. hs-CRP与2型糖尿病伴有高血压的关系%High plasmid hs-CRP level in patients with DM2 and HBP Daqing Oilfield General Hospital Laboratory Medicine
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张丽娜; 车璐; 曹艳菲; 李新娜; 崔颖; 寇筱囡; 陈刚
2013-01-01
Objective We study if plasma levels of hs-CRP related to DM2+HBP patients. Methods hs-CRP were measured in subjects with DM2 and /or HBP, including 13 patients with DM2, 17 patients with HBP, 34 patients with DM2+HBP, and 25 healthy test control subjects. hs-CRP tested by Electro-Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay (ECLI). Results The plasma hs-CRP levels were significantly lower in the controls than in the DM2+HBP group (p<0.05), DM2 associated with HBP was also correlated with increased plasma hs-CRP levels (n=89, r =0.25, p=0.0160). Conclusions This study suggests that patients with two associated diseases have a more active inflammatory state.%目的：研究炎性反应标志物超敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity C-reactive protein，hs-CRP）与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mel itus, DM2)伴随或者不伴随高血压是否存在相关性。方法入组13例2型糖尿病患者无合并症，17例高血压患者(high blood pressure, HBP)，34例2型糖尿病伴随高血压患者（DM2+HBP），25例健康体检对照组，电化学免疫发光法测定血清hs-CRP。结果健康对照组hs-CRP水平明显低于HBP+DM2患者（p＜0.05），DM2伴随HBP与hs-CRP水平显著相关（n=89， r=0.25， p=0.0160）。讨论 DM2+HBP患者具有相对活跃的炎性状态。
8. Comparative genome analysis of cortactin and HS1: the significance of the F-actin binding repeat domain
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Seggelen Vera
2005-02-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background In human carcinomas, overexpression of cortactin correlates with poor prognosis. Cortactin is an F-actin-binding protein involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell migration by promoting actin-related protein (Arp2/3 mediated actin polymerization. It shares a high amino acid sequence and structural similarity to hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 (HS1 although their functions differ considerable. In this manuscript we describe the genomic organization of these two genes in a variety of species by a combination of cloning and database searches. Based on our analysis, we predict the genesis of the actin-binding repeat domain during evolution. Results Cortactin homologues exist in sponges, worms, shrimps, insects, urochordates, fishes, amphibians, birds and mammalians, whereas HS1 exists in vertebrates only, suggesting that both genes have been derived from an ancestor cortactin gene by duplication. In agreement with this, comparative genome analysis revealed very similar exon-intron structures and sequence homologies, especially over the regions that encode the characteristic highly conserved F-actin-binding repeat domain. Cortactin splice variants affecting this F-actin-binding domain were identified not only in mammalians, but also in amphibians, fishes and birds. In mammalians, cortactin is ubiquitously expressed except in hematopoietic cells, whereas HS1 is mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells. In accordance with their distinct tissue specificity, the putative promoter region of cortactin is different from HS1. Conclusions Comparative analysis of the genomic organization and amino acid sequences of cortactin and HS1 provides inside into their origin and evolution. Our analysis shows that both genes originated from a gene duplication event and subsequently HS1 lost two repeats, whereas cortactin gained one repeat. Our analysis genetically underscores the significance of the F-actin binding domain in
9. h-FABP、hs-CRP、cTnT对急性心肌梗死诊断临床价值分析%Clinical Value of h - FABP, hs - CRP, cTnT examination to diagnose acute myocardial infarction
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张翠玲; 姜艳梅; 高霞; 王欣
2008-01-01
[目的]通过对h-FABP、hs-CRP、cTnT 3项指标的联合检测为急性心肌梗死(AMI)的诊断提供可靠依据.[方法]cTnT检测采用金标记免疫渗滤法;hs-CRP检测采用免疫散射比浊法;h-FABP检测采用96T ELISA方法.[结果]健康组与AMI组比较,h-FABP:(5.46±0.19),(23.27±1.77)ng/mL,P＜0.01;cTnT:(0.10±0.01),(0.64±0.11)ng/mL,P＜0.01;hs-CRP:(0.85±0.10),(17.39±4.69)mg/L,P＜0.01;cTnT、hs-CRP、h-FABP在40例AMI患者发作0～3 h阳性率分别为50%、55.26%、85%.3项指标联合分析阳性率可达98%.[结论]h-FABP、hs-CRP与cTnT联合检测对AMI早期诊断具有高灵敏性和特异性.
10. Precedent fluctuation of serum hs-CRP to albumin ratios and mortality risk of clinically stable hemodialysis patients.
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Jyh-Chang Hwang
Full Text Available A high sensitivity C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (hs-CRP/Alb predicts mortality risk in patients with acute kidney injury. However, it varies dynamically. This study was conducted to evaluate whether a variation of this marker was associated with long-term outcome in clinically stable hemodialysis (HD patients.hs-CRP/Alb was checked bimonthly in 284 clinically stable HD outpatients throughout all of 2008. Based on the "slope" of trend equation derived from 5-6 hs-CRP/alb ratios for each patient, the total number of patients was divided into quartiles--Group 1: β≦ -0.13, n = 71; group 2: β>-0.13≦0.003; n = 71, group 3: β>0.003≦0.20; and group 4: β>0.20, n = 71. The observation period was from January 1, 2009 to August 31, 2012.Group 1+4 showed a worse long-term survival (p = 0.04 and a longer 5-year hospitalization stay than Group 2+3 (38.7±44.4 vs. 16.7±22.4 days, p<0.001. Group 1+4 were associated with older age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01-1.05 and a high prevalence of congestive heart failure (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.00-4.11. Standard deviation (SD of hs-CRP/Alb was associated with male sex (β = 0.17, p = 0.003, higher Davies co-morbidity score (β = 0.16, p = 0.03, and baseline hs-CRP (β = 0.39, p<0.001. Patients with lower baseline and stable trend of hs-CRP/Alb had a better prognosis. By multivariate Cox proportional methods, SD of hs-CRP/alb (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08 rather than baseline hs-CRP/Alb was an independent predictive factor for long-term mortality after adjusting for sex and HD vintage.Clinically stable HD patients with a fluctuating variation of hs-CRP/Alb are characterized by old age, and more co-morbidity, and they tend to have longer subsequent hospitalization stay and higher mortality risk.
11. A Site-Specific Integrative Plasmid Found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolate HS87 along with A Plasmid Carrying an Aminoglycoside-Resistant Gene.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dexi Bi
Full Text Available Plasmids play critical roles in bacterial fitness and evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here two plasmids found in a drug-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolate HS87 were completely sequenced. The pHS87b plasmid (11.2 kb carries phage-related genes and function-unknown genes. Notably, pHS87b encodes an integrase and has an adjacent tRNAThr-associated attachment site. A corresponding integrated form of pHS87b at the tRNAThr locus was identified on the chromosome of P. aeruginosa, showing that pHS87b is able to site-specifically integrate into the 3'-end of the tRNAThr gene. The pHS87a plasmid (26.8 kb displays a plastic structure containing a putative replication module, stability factors and a variable region. The RepA of pHS87a shows significant similarity to the replication proteins of pPT23A-family plasmids. pHS87a carries a transposon Tn6049, a truncated insertion sequence ΔIS1071 and a Tn402-like class 1 integron which contains an aacA4 cassette that may confer aminoglycoside resistance. Thus, pHS87b is a site-specific integrative plasmid whereas pHS87a is a plastic antibiotic resistance plasmid. The two native plasmids may promote the fitness and evolution of P. aeruginosa.
12. NaHS Protects Cochlear Hair Cells from Gentamicin-Induced Ototoxicity by Inhibiting the Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yaodong Dong
Full Text Available Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin could cause ototoxicity in mammalians, by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in sensory hair cells of the cochlea. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS is reported to alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis, but its role in protecting aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss is unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis effect of NaHS in in vitro cultured House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1 cells and isolated mouse cochlea. Results from cultured HEI-OC1 cells and cochlea consistently indicated that NaHS exhibited protective effects from gentamicin-induced ototoxicity, evident by maintained cell viability, hair cell number and cochlear morphology, reduced reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial depolarization, as well as apoptosis activation of the intrinsic pathway. Moreover, in the isolated cochlear culture, NaHS was also demonstrated to protect the explant from gentamicin-induced mechanotransduction loss. Our study using multiple in vitro models revealed for the first time, the potential of NaHS as a therapeutic agent in protecting against aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.
13. NaHS Protects Cochlear Hair Cells from Gentamicin-Induced Ototoxicity by Inhibiting the Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway
Science.gov (United States)
Dong, Yaodong; Liu, Dongliang; Hu, Yue; Ma, Xiulan
2015-01-01
Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin could cause ototoxicity in mammalians, by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in sensory hair cells of the cochlea. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) is reported to alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis, but its role in protecting aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss is unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis effect of NaHS in in vitro cultured House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells and isolated mouse cochlea. Results from cultured HEI-OC1 cells and cochlea consistently indicated that NaHS exhibited protective effects from gentamicin-induced ototoxicity, evident by maintained cell viability, hair cell number and cochlear morphology, reduced reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial depolarization, as well as apoptosis activation of the intrinsic pathway. Moreover, in the isolated cochlear culture, NaHS was also demonstrated to protect the explant from gentamicin-induced mechanotransduction loss. Our study using multiple in vitro models revealed for the first time, the potential of NaHS as a therapeutic agent in protecting against aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. PMID:26295804
14. A3-Coupling catalyzed by robust Au nanoparticles covalently bonded to HS-functionalized cellulose nanocrystalline films
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jian-Lin Huang
2013-07-01
Full Text Available We decorated HS-functionalized cellulose nanocrystallite (CNC films with monodisperse Au nanoparticles (AuNPs to form a novel nanocomposite catalyst AuNPs@HS-CNC. The uniform, fine AuNPs were made by the reduction of HAuCl4 solution with thiol (HS- group-functionalized CNC films. The AuNPs@HS-CNC nanocomposites were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, TEM, ATR-IR and solid-state NMR. Characterizations suggested that the size of the AuNPs was about 2–3 nm and they were evenly distributed onto the surface of CNC films. Furthermore, the unique nanocomposite Au@HS-CNC catalyst displayed high catalytic efficiency in promoting three-component coupling of an aldehyde, an alkyne, and an amine (A3-coupling either in water or without solvent. Most importantly, the catalyst could be used repetitively more than 11 times without significant deactivation. Our strategy also promotes the use of naturally renewable cellulose to prepare reusable nanocomposite catalysts for organic synthesis.
15. Effect of sludge retention time and phosphorus to carbon ratio on biological phosphorus removal in HS-SBR process.
Science.gov (United States)
Zhu, Rui; Wu, Min; Yang, Jian
2013-01-01
Sludge retention time (SRT) and phosphorus to carbon ratio (P/C) in the feed are important control parameters in biological phosphorus removal. In this study, humus soil sequencing batch reactor (HS-SBR) process was operated with different SRTs (five, 10 and 15 days) and P/C feeding (0.0125 and 0.1) to evaluate their phosphorus removal efficiencies. The HS-SBR was composed of a humus soil reactor (HSR) and a conventional SBR (designated as hsSBR to differentiate from the conventional SBR used as a control). The results showed that the phosphorus removal efficiency was 82.7%, 97.3% and 97.3% at SRTs of five, 10 and 15 days respectively and acetate utilization efficiency for phosphorus release with SRTs of 10 and 15 days was much higher than that with an SRT of five days. In addition, a high P/C feeding (0.1) could promote the growth of the phosphate accumulating organisms in the hsSBR; however, the efficiency of phosphorus removal was lower than a low P/C feeding (0.0125) at an SRT of 15 days. All these observations suggested that a relatively long SRT and low P/C feeding exert a useful effect on the phosphorus removal in the hsSBR.
16. THE IMPLICATION OF PERIODONTITIS TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS: ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LIPID PROFILE AND hs-CRP SERUM CONCENTRATION
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2015-06-01
Full Text Available C-Reactive Protein and serum lipids are correlated with atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to prove that increasing level of hs-CRP and serum lipids were correlated with periodontitis. This was a cross-sectional approach with 63 samples. Periodontitis was determined if the pocket depth (PD was more than 4 mm and the attachment loss (AL was more than 2 mm. Serum lipids and hs-CRP was analyzed by enzymatic method and chemiluminescent (Immulite hs_CRP alternatively. With unpaired t-test it has showed that there was a difference level of hs-CRP and total cholesterol in periodontitis and non-periodontitis. It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between PD (r=0.26, AL (r=0.25 with hs-CRP serum level; and PD (r=0.27, AL (r=0.30 with total cholesterol and LDL. It was concluded that there is a possibility that there is a relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerosis.
17. NaHS Protects against the Impairments Induced by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in Different Ages of Primary Hippocampal Neurons
Science.gov (United States)
Yu, Qian; Wang, Binrong; Zhao, Tianzhi; Zhang, Xiangnan; Tao, Lei; Shi, Jinshan; Sun, Xude; Ding, Qian
2017-01-01
Brain ischemia leads to poor oxygen supply, and is one of the leading causes of brain damage and/or death. Neuroprotective agents are thus in great need for treatment purpose. Using both young and aged primary cultured hippocampal neurons as in vitro models, we investigated the effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an exogenous donor of hydrogen sulfide, on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) damaged neurons that mimick focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced brain injury. NaHS treatment (250 μM) protected both young and aged hippocampal neurons, as indicated by restoring number of primary dendrites by 43.9 and 68.7%, number of dendritic end tips by 59.8 and 101.1%, neurite length by 36.8 and 66.7%, and spine density by 38.0 and 58.5% in the OGD-damaged young and aged neurons, respectively. NaHS treatment inhibited growth-associated protein 43 downregulation, oxidative stress in both young and aged hippocampal neurons following OGD damage. Further studies revealed that NaHS treatment could restore ERK1/2 activation, which was inhibited by OGD-induced protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) upregulation. Our results demonstrated that NaHS has potent protective effects against neuron injury induced by OGD in both young and aged hippocampal neurons.
18. A3-Coupling catalyzed by robust Au nanoparticles covalently bonded to HS-functionalized cellulose nanocrystalline films
Science.gov (United States)
Huang, Jian-Lin
2013-01-01
Summary We decorated HS-functionalized cellulose nanocrystallite (CNC) films with monodisperse Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a novel nanocomposite catalyst AuNPs@HS-CNC. The uniform, fine AuNPs were made by the reduction of HAuCl4 solution with thiol (HS-) group-functionalized CNC films. The AuNPs@HS-CNC nanocomposites were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), TEM, ATR-IR and solid-state NMR. Characterizations suggested that the size of the AuNPs was about 2–3 nm and they were evenly distributed onto the surface of CNC films. Furthermore, the unique nanocomposite Au@HS-CNC catalyst displayed high catalytic efficiency in promoting three-component coupling of an aldehyde, an alkyne, and an amine (A3-coupling) either in water or without solvent. Most importantly, the catalyst could be used repetitively more than 11 times without significant deactivation. Our strategy also promotes the use of naturally renewable cellulose to prepare reusable nanocomposite catalysts for organic synthesis. PMID:23946833
19. Correlation of gene polymorphism and plasma contents of MBL and hs-CRP in patients with coronary heart disease%冠心病与MBL基因多态性及血浆MBL和hs-CRP水平的相关性
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
蔡念光; 王玉凤; 王晓明; 程健君; 贾天军; 吕占军
2011-01-01
Objective To analyze the correlation between coronary heart disease(CHD) and the gene polymorphism of mannan binding lectin(MBL), the plasma contents of MBL and the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).Methods The anti-coagulated blood of CHD patients (group CHD, 100 cases) and healthy people(group C,60 cases) was collected.The point mutation of MBL ExonI 54 codon was detected by PCR-RFLP.The content of MBL and the level of hs-CRP were detected by ELISA kit and immunoturbidimetry, respectively.Results There was no significant difference in the genotypes of MBL ExonI 54 codon between group CHD and group C(P＞0.05).The plasma content of MBL and the level of hs-CRP in group CHD were higher than those in group C (P＜0.01).In group CHD, there was no obvious difference in the content of MBL between the patients with high level of hs-CRP(＞3 mg/L) and those with normal level of hs-CRP(＜3 mg/L) (P＞0.05).Conclusion MBL and hs-CRP may be involved in the occurrence and development of CHD via different mechanisms.%目的 研究冠心病(CHD)与甘露聚糖结合凝集素(MBL)基因多态性及其血浆MBL和高敏G-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的关系.方法 收集100例CHD患者(CHD组)和60例健康人群(对照组)抗凝血,限制片段长度多态性法(PCR-RFLP)检测MBL ExonI 54位密码子基因点突变,ELISA法和免疫比浊法分别检测血浆MBL含量和高敏G-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平.结果 CHD组与对照组MBL基因ExonI 54位密码子点突变频率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CHD组血浆MBI和hs-CRP含量均高于对照组(P＜0.01).而CHI组内血浆hs-CRP水平升高者(＞3 mg/L)与hs-CRP水平正常者(＜3 mg/L)MBL含量比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MBL和hs-CRP可能以不同机制参与CHD发生、发展过程.
20. RoHS directive: restriction of the use of lead in electronic equipment
CERN Multimedia
2007-01-01
The European Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive, which entered into force on 1st July 2006, restricts the use of lead in the manufacture of electronic equipment. This has many consequences for the manufacture of printed circuit boards and assemblies, from their design and repair to the purchase of components. If you have any questions on this subject, we invite you to attend a training session which will be held at CERN from 1.30 to 5.30 p.m. on 21st June. All the details, including the course contents and instructions on how to register for it, can be found here. Please note that the session will be held in French.
1. RoHS directive: restriction of the use of lead in electronic equipment
CERN Multimedia
2007-01-01
The European Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive, which entered into force on 1st July 2006, restricts the use of lead in the manufacture of electronic equipment. This has many consequences for the manufacture of printed circuit boards and assemblies, from their design and repair to the purchase of components. If you have any questions on this subject, we invite you to attend a training session which will be held at CERN from 1.30 to 5.30 to p.m. on 21st June. All the details, including the course contents and instructions on how to register for it, can be found here Please note that the session will be held in French.
2. Danish WEEE management in the light of the WEEE and RoHS Directives: a quantitative analysis of critical issues
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Pizzol, Massimo; Thomsen, Marianne
Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is the fastest growing waste fraction in Europe and is classified as hazardous as it may include substances that have adverse effects on human health or cause damage to the environment (UNEP, 2009). The European Community Directive 2002/96/EC...... on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE Directive), together with the European Community Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS Directive) were established respectively to set collection, recycling and recovery targets, and to restrict the use of six hazardous......HS directive, flows of toxic compounds are still significant in WEEE, as can be demonstrated by performing a Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) (Brunner, 2004) on a Danish WEEE treatment facility. This is due to the presence, in the WEEE, of devices constituting an exception to the RoHS directive and of other...
3. RoHS regulated substances in mixed plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment.
Science.gov (United States)
Wäger, Patrick A; Schluep, Mathias; Müller, Esther; Gloor, Rolf
2012-01-17
The disposal and recovery of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are of considerable importance, both from an environmental and an economic perspective. This paper presents the results of a study investigating current concentrations of hazardous substances in mixed plastics from WEEE and their implications for an environmentally sound recovery. The study included 53 sampling campaigns for mixed plastics from WEEE. The samples were analyzed with regard to heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead) and flame retardants (PentaBDE, OctaBDE, DecaBDE, DecaBB) regulated in the RoHS Directive. Besides these substances, other brominated flame retardants known to occur in electronics (HBCD, TBBPA) as well as the total bromine and phosphorus contents were considered. Results show that no mixed plastics fraction from WEEE is completely free from substances regulated in the RoHS Directive. The lowest number and average concentrations were found in flat screen monitors. The highest concentrations were found in mixed plastics from CRT monitors and TVs. Mixed plastics fractions with high average concentrations of heavy metals originate from the treatment of small household appliances (cadmium), ICT equipment (lead), and consumer equipment (lead). Mixed plastics fractions with high average concentrations of brominated flame retardants mainly originate from the treatment of small household appliances for high temperature applications (DecaBDE), CRT monitors (OctaBDE and DecaBDE) and consumer equipment (DecaBDE), in particular CRT TVs (DecaBDE). To avoid a dissipation of hazardous substances into plastics and the environment, it is recommended that mixed plastics from WEEE are subject to a strict quality management.
4. Revealing fibrinogen monolayer conformations at different pHs: electrokinetic and colloid deposition studies.
Science.gov (United States)
2015-07-01
Adsorption mechanism of human fibrinogen on mica at different pHs is studied using the streaming potential and colloid deposition measurements. The fibrinogen monolayers are produced by a controlled adsorption under diffusion transport at pH of 3.5 and 7.4. Initially, the electrokinetic properties of these monolayers and their stability for various ionic strength are determined. It is shown that at pH 3.5 fibrinogen adsorbs irreversibly on mica for ionic strength range of 4×10(-4) to 0.15 M. At pH 7.4, a partial desorption is observed for ionic strength below 10(-2) M. This is attributed to the desorption of the end-on oriented molecules whereas the side-on adsorbed molecules remain irreversibly bound at all ionic strengths. The orientation of molecules and monolayer structure is evaluated by the colloid deposition measurements involving negatively charged polystyrene latex microspheres, 820 nm in diameter. An anomalous deposition of negative latex particles on substrates exhibiting a negative zeta potential is observed. At pH 3.5 measurable deposition of latex is observed even at low ionic strength where the approach distance of latex particles exceeded 70 nm. At pH 7.4 this critical distance is 23 nm. This confirms that fibrinogen monolayers formed at both pHs are characterized by the presence of the side-on and end-on oriented molecules that prevail at higher coverage range. It is also shown that positive charge is located at the end parts of the αA chains of the adsorbed fibrinogen molecules. Therefore, it is concluded that the colloid deposition method is an efficient tool for revealing protein adsorption mechanisms at solid/electrolyte interfaces.
5. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of [(3)H]HS665, a novel, highly selective radioligand for the kappa opioid receptor.
Science.gov (United States)
Guerrieri, Elena; Mallareddy, Jayapal Reddy; Tóth, Géza; Schmidhammer, Helmut; Spetea, Mariana
2015-03-18
Herein we report the radiolabeling and pharmacological investigation of a novel radioligand, the N-cyclobutylmethyl substituted diphenethylamine [(3)H]HS665, designed to bind selectively to the kappa opioid peptide (KOP) receptor, a target of therapeutic interest for the treatment of a variety of human disorders (i.e., pain, affective disorders, drug addiction, and psychotic disorders). HS665 was prepared in tritium-labeled form by a dehalotritiated method resulting in a specific activity of 30.65 Ci/mmol. Radioligand binding studies were performed to establish binding properties of [(3)H]HS665 to the recombinant human KOP receptor in membranes from Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human KOP receptors (CHOhKOP) and to the native neuronal KOP receptor in guinea pig brain membranes. Binding of [(3)H]HS665 was specific and saturable in both tissue preparations. A single population of high affinity binding sites was labeled by [(3)H]HS665 in membranes from CHOhKOP cells and guinea pig brain with similar equilibrium dissociation constants, Kd, 0.45 and 0.64 nM, respectively. Average receptor density of [(3)H]HS665 recognition sites were 5564 and 154 fmol/mg protein in CHOhKOP cells and guinea pig brain, respectively. This study shows that the new radioligand distinguishes and labels KOP receptors specifically in neuronal and cellular systems expressing KOP receptors, making this molecule a valuable tool in probing structural and functional mechanisms governing ligand-KOP receptor interactions in both a recombinant and native in vitro setting.
6. The impact of cHS4 insulators on DNA transposon vector mobilization and silencing in retinal pigment epithelium cells.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nynne Sharma
Full Text Available DNA transposons have become important vectors for efficient non-viral integration of transgenes into genomic DNA. The Sleeping Beauty (SB, piggyBac (PB, and Tol2 transposable elements have distinct biological properties and currently represent the most promising transposon systems for animal transgenesis and gene therapy. A potential obstacle, however, for persistent function of integrating vectors is transcriptional repression of the element and its genetic cargo. In this study we analyze the insulating effect of the 1.2-kb 5'-HS4 chicken β-globin (cHS4 insulator element in the context of SB, PB, and Tol2 transposon vectors. By examining transgene expression from genomically inserted transposon vectors encoding a marker gene driven by a silencing-prone promoter, we detect variable levels of transcriptional silencing for the three transposon systems in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Notably, the PB system seems less vulnerable to silencing. Incorporation of cHS4 insulator sequences into the transposon vectors results in 2.2-fold and 1.5-fold increased transgene expression levels for insulated SB and PB vectors, respectively, but an improved persistency of expression was not obtained for insulated transgenes. Colony formation assays and quantitative excision assays unveil enhanced SB transposition efficiencies by the inclusion of the cHS4 element, resulting in a significant increase in the stable transfection rate for insulated SB transposon vectors in human cell lines. Our findings reveal a positive impact of cHS4 insulator inclusion for SB and PB vectors in terms of increased transgene expression levels and improved SB stable transfection rates, but also the lack of a long-term protective effect of the cHS4 insulator against progressive transgene silencing in retinal pigment epithelium cells.
7. Relationship of serum levels of hs-CRP and Hcy with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes%血清hs-CRP、Hcy与妊娠期糖尿病及妊娠结局的关系
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
徐旭赟; 黄美英
2015-01-01
Objective To evaluate the value of combined detection of high sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its value on predicting pregnancy outcomes. Methods Thirty-five women with GDM accepting pre-natal screening in Third People’ s Hospital of Anji County from January 2012 to March 2014 were selected in observation group. Another 35 healthy women diagnosed without GDM at the same period were selected in control group. The levels of hs-CRP, Hcy, fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) and fasting insulin ( FINS) in two groups were detected and compared, and the pregnancy outcomes were followed up. Results The levels of FPG, FINS, hs-CRP and Hcy in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were significant (t value was 13. 07, 12. 02, 3. 65 and 12. 02, respectively, all P <0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 34. 3% (12/35) and 11. 4% (4/35) in the observation group and the control group, respectively with statistical significance (χ2 =5. 19,P<0. 05). Sixteen cases were found with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and their hs-CRP and Hcy levels were higher than those of 54 normal pregnant women (t value was 7. 88 and 14. 17, respectively, both P<0. 05). Conclusion The levels of hs-CRP and Hcy are closely related with GDM, and the high levels have predictive value for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, attention should be attracted on them.%目的：探讨联合检测超敏C反应蛋白( hs-CRP)和同型半胱氨酸( Hcy)水平在妊娠期糖尿病( GDM)诊断及对妊娠结局的预测价值。方法选择2012年1月至2014年3月在安吉县第三人民医院门诊接受检查的GDM患者35例作为观察组；选择同期经临床排除GDM的正常孕产妇35例作为对照组。检测两组患者的hs-CRP和Hcy、空腹血糖和胰岛素水平,并跟踪两组妊娠结局。结果观察组患者空腹血糖、胰岛素、hs-CRP 和 Hcy
8. 冠心病血清 hs_CRP、ox_LDL及 Hcy 水平的研究%Study of Levels of Serum hs CRP,ox LDL and Hcy in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李方江; 王晓元; 张文婷; 杜美玲; 李清; 张强; 李慧敏
2015-01-01
目的：探讨冠心病患者外周血高敏C反应蛋白（hs CRP ）、氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox LDL ）和同型半胱氨酸（Hcy ）水平及其意义。方法选取经冠状动脉造影检查证实冠心病组272例，分为急性心肌梗死（AMI ）组105例，不稳定型心绞痛（UA ）组126例，稳定型心绞痛（SAP ）组41例；选取冠状动脉造影证实冠状动脉无狭窄病变56例为对照组。采集研究对象入院24小时内静脉血，ELISA法检测ox LDL水平，日立7070型全自动生化分析仪测定hs CRP、Hcy、总胆固醇（TC ）、甘油三脂（TG ）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL ）指标。结果冠心病组血清hs CRP、ox LDL、Hcy水平显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）；AMI组血清hs CRP、ox LDL、Hcy水平显著高于SAP组，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）；AMI组血清hs CRP、ox LDL水平显著高于UA组，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论联合检测hs CRP、ox LDL、Hcy有助于对冠心病的诊断。%Objective To investigate the level and significance of peripheral high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs CRP ) ,oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox LDL ) and homocysteine (Hcy ) in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods 272 patients with coro-nary heart disease were selected ,which confirmed by coronary angiography , including 105 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ,126 cases of unstable angina (UA) and 41 cases of stable angina patients (SAP). The control group included 56 patients with no coronary artery stenosis confirmed by coronary angiography . Collected the fasting blood of patients within 24 hours of admis-sion ,the levels of ox LDL was detected by ELISA ,and the determination of hs CRP、Hcy、total cholesterol ,triglycerides ,LDL index was detected by Hitachi 7070 automatic biochemical analyzer. Results The serum levels of hs CRP、ox LDL、Hcy in the grope of coro-nary heart disease were significantly higher than
9. Redox chemistry of H[sub 2]S oxidation by the British Gas Stretford Process. Pt. 2; Electrochemical behaviour of aqueous hydrosulphide (HS[sup -]) solutions
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kelsall, G.H.; Thompson, I. (Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Mineral Resources Engineering)
1993-04-01
Electrochemical techniques were used to study the oxidation of HS[sup -] ions at pH 9.3. Voltammetry of gold electrodes in HS[sup -]-containing solutions showed that multilayers of sulphur and soluble oxidation products were formed. As a known HS[sup -] oxidation product, thiosulphate solutions were also studied voltammetrically, but found to be electro-inactive at mildly oxidising potentials. The voltammetric behaviour of polysulphide ions, S[sub n][sup 2-] (n = 2 to 5), was similar to that of HS[sup -] solutions on oxidation, though they could be reduced to HS[sup -] ions at low potentials. Ring-disc electrode experiments, extending the HS[sup -] concentration range that had been studied previously, confirmed that polysulphide ions were produced on reduction of anodically deposited elemental sulphur. This was demonstrated in both cyclic voltammetry and potential step experiments. (author)
10. HS-SPME-GC-MS分析螺旋藻挥发性成分%Analysis of Volatile Components of Spirulina by HS-SPME-GC-MS
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张丽君; 许柏球; 王金林; 罗欢忠; 陈晚霞; 林伟强
2013-01-01
The Spirulina platensis was selected as material and the odor flavor components was analyzed .The volatile components was determined by Headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas hromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS).The results showd that 17 volatile components were indentified,including alkanes (relative content 79.77%), aldehydes and ketones (relative content 18.27%), alcohols (relative content 0.84 %) and aromatic compounds (relative content 1.17 %). The main volatile components of Spirulina platensis were Heptadecane (relative content 64.52 %), Pentadecane ( relative content8.59%), Dihydroactinidiolide (relative content 7.21%) ,β-ionone ( relative content 6.65%) and Hexadecane (relative content4.29%).% 以钝顶螺旋藻藻粉为原料，对其腥味物质进行分析。采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术，对钝顶螺旋藻的挥发性成分进行检测，共鉴定出17种有机化合物，烷烃类化合物（相对含量79.77%）、醛酮类化合物（相对含量18.27%）、醇类化合物（相对含量0.84%）、芳香族化合物（相对含量1.17%）。螺旋藻的主要挥发成分依次为十七烷（平均相对含量为64.52%）、十五烷（平均相对含量为8.59%）、二氢猕猴桃内酯（平均相对含量为7.21%）、β-紫罗兰酮（平均相对含量为6.65%）和十六烷（平均相对含量为4.29%）。
11. Effect of autoclave heat treatments on the mechanical properties of the prealloyed powder cobalt-base alloy HS-31
Science.gov (United States)
Freche, J. C.; Ashbrook, R. L.
1973-01-01
The cobalt-base alloy HS-31 was atomized into powder and then consolidated by extrusion or by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) in an autoclave over a range of temperatures spanning the solidus, approximately 2340 F. Extrusions were subsequently autoclaved at the same conditions. Extrusions autoclaved at 2420 F had a life of 300 hours at 1200 F and 30 hours at 1800 F at stresses that result in a 10-hour life with cast HS-31. Superior stress rupture lives of autoclaved material are probably related to the solidification structure at the grain boundaries as well as to the increased grain size.
12. Galectin 1 Proangiogenic and Promigratory Effects in the Hs683 Oligodendroglioma Model Are Partly Mediated through the Control of BEX2 Expression
OpenAIRE
Mercier, Marie Le; Fortin, Shannon; Mathieu, Véronique; Roland, Isabelle; Spiegl-Kreinecker, Sabine; Haibe-Kains, Benjamin; Bontempi, Gianluca; Decaestecker, Christine; Berger, Walter; Lefranc, Florence; Kiss, Robert
2009-01-01
We have previously reported that galectin 1 (Gal-1) plays important biological roles in astroglial as well as in oligodendroglial cancer cells. As an oligodendroglioma model, we make use of the Hs683 cell line that has been previously extensively characterized at cell biology, molecular biology, and genetic levels. Galectin 1 has been shown to be involved in Hs683 oligodendroglioma chemoresistance, neoangiogenesis, and migration. Down-regulating Gal-1 expression in Hs683 cells through targete...
13. What Do Very Low Plasma Concentrations of High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Mean among Healthy Middle-aged Koreans?
OpenAIRE
Kim, Min-Gul; Cho, Baik-Hwan; Chae, Soo-Wan; Park, Tae-Sun; Kim, Dal-Sik
2015-01-01
Background Systemic low-grade inflammation (SLGI), as assessed by measurements of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), is a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although individuals with hs-CRP ≤ 1 mg/L have been defined as being at low risk according to AHA/CDC guidelines, the value of very low hs-CRP levels (
14. 5'HS5 of the human beta-globin locus control region is dispensable for the formation of the beta-globin active chromatin hub.
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Ping Kei Chan
Full Text Available Hypersensitive site 5 (5'HS5 of the beta-globin Locus Control Region functions as a developmental stage-specific border in erythroid cells. Here, we have analyzed the role of 5'HS5 in the three dimensional organization of the beta-gene locus using the Chromatin Conformation Capture (3C technique. The results show that when 5'HS5 is deleted from the locus, both remote and internal regulatory elements are still able to interact with each other in a three-dimensional configuration termed the Active Chromatin Hub. Thus, the absence of 5'HS5 does not have an appreciable effect on the three dimensional organization of the beta-globin locus. This rules out models in which 5'HS5 nucleates interactions with remote and/or internal regulatory elements. We also determined the binding of CTCF, the only defined insulator protein in mammalian cells, to 5'HS5 by using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP assays. We detect low levels of CTCF binding to 5'HS5 in primitive erythroid cells, in which it functions as a border element. Surprisingly, we also observe binding levels of CTCF to 5'HS5 in definitive erythroid cells. Thus, binding of CTCF to 5'HS5 per se does not render it a functional border element. This is consistent with the previous data suggesting that CTCF has dual functionality.
15. 2-O Heparan Sulfate Sulfation by Hs2st Is Required for Erk/Mapk Signalling Activation at the Mid-Gestational Mouse Telencephalic Midline.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wai Kit Chan
Full Text Available Heparan sulfate (HS is a linear carbohydrate composed of polymerized uronate-glucosamine disaccharide units that decorates cell surface and secreted glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix. In mammals HS is subjected to differential sulfation by fifteen different heparan sulfotransferase (HST enzymes of which Hs2st uniquely catalyzes the sulfation of the 2-O position of the uronate in HS. HS sulfation is postulated to be important for regulation of signaling pathways by facilitating the interaction of HS with signaling proteins including those of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf family which signal through phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases Erk1/2. In the developing mouse telencephalon Fgf2 signaling regulates proliferation and neurogenesis. Loss of Hs2st function phenocopies the thinned cerebral cortex of mutant mice in which Fgf2 or Erk1/2 function are abrogated, suggesting the hypothesis that 2-O-sulfated HS structures play a specific role in Fgf2/Erk signaling pathway in this context in vivo. This study investigated the molecular role of 2-O sulfation in Fgf2/Erk signaling in the developing telencephalic midline midway through mouse embryogenesis at E12.5. We examined the expression of Hs2st, Fgf2, and Erk1/2 activity in wild-type and Hs2st-/- mice. We found that Hs2st is expressed at high levels at the midline correlating with high levels of Erk1/2 activation and Erk1/2 activation was drastically reduced in the Hs2st-/- mutant at the rostral telencephalic midline. We also found that 2-O sulfation is specifically required for the binding of Fgf2 protein to Fgfr1, its major cell-surface receptor at the rostral telencephalic midline. We conclude that 2-O sulfated HS structures generated by Hs2st are needed to form productive signaling complexes between HS, Fgf2 and Fgfr1 that activate Erk1/2 at the midline. Overall, our data suggest the interesting possibility that differential expression of Hs2st targets the rostral
16. LDL-C和hs-CRP在急性冠脉综合征诊断中的价值%Diagnosis value of LDL-C and hs-CRP in acute coronary syndrome
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
叶碧宁
2012-01-01
目的 分析研究低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血清高敏C 反应蛋白(hs-CRP)对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的临床诊断价值.方法 选择2009年9月至2010年9月期间该院心内科收治的84例ACS患者作为研究组,并选择同时期门诊体检的84例健康者作为对照组,分别用免疫比浊法检测两组的血清hs-CRP水平,速率法检测LDL-C水平,并分析计算LDL-C和hs-CRP在诊断ACS方面的效能.结果 研究组血清LDL-C和hs-CRP的浓度明显高于对照组的(P<0.05).单独LDL-C诊断ACS的敏感性与特异性分别为51.2%和82.3%,阳性和阴性预测值分别为75.9%和55.3%.单独hs-CRP诊断ACS的敏感性与特异性分别为48.8%和85.6%,阳性和阴性预测值分别为73.8%和52.9%.LDL-C和hs-CRP联合诊断ACS的阳性例数为82例,与单独LDL-C诊断的阳性例数差异有显著性(χ2=6.41,P＜0.05),与单独hs-CRP诊断的阳性例数也差异有显著性(χ2=6.63,P＜0.05),敏感性与特异性分别为95.6%和46.3%,阳性和阴性预测值分别为65.6%和91.2%.结论 联合检测LDL-C和hs-CRP可有助于早期诊断ACS.%Objective To explore detection value of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL-C ) and high sensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome( ACS ). Methods Eighty-four cases of ACS as the research group were collected and 84 healthy people as the control group were collected. Serum hs-CRP levels of the two groups were tested by immune turbidimetry method, and LDL-C levels were tested by rate method. Efficiency of hs-CRP level and LDL-C level in the diagnosis of ACS was analyzed. Results The levels of LDL-C and hs-CRP of the research group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with P <0. 05. The sensitivity and specificity of LDL-C in the diagnosis of ACS was 51. 2% and 82. 3% , positive and negative predictive value was 75. 9% and 55. 3% . The sensitivity and specificity of hs-CRP in the diagnosis of ACS was 48. 8% and 85
17. Levels and prognostic significance of NT-ProBNP,hs-CRP in chronic heart failure%慢性心力衰竭NT-ProBNP、hs-CRP变化及其预后价值
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
周金锋; 程自平
2013-01-01
目的 探讨B型钠尿肽前体(NT-ProBNP)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)联合检测对心力衰竭诊断、病情评估和预后判断的价值.方法 测定该院2010年1月-2012年11月103例明确诊断为充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的患者,测定入院时、出院时血浆NT-ProBNP 和血清hs-CRP水平,进行治疗前后对比观察,并随机抽取该院35名健康体检者作对照组比较,随访6月观察患者心脏事件再发生的情况.结果 血浆NT-ProBNP和血清hs-CRP和水平在心衰不同心功能分级组和健康对照组之间差异有统计学意义,心功能越差,其浓度越高(P<0.05);治疗前后比较,差异均也有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院后发生心脏事件组血浆NT-ProBNP 和血清hs-CRP水平浓度明显高于未发生心脏事件组(P<0.05).结论 心衰患者中NT-ProBNP 、hs-CRP明显升高,二者联合检测对心衰诊断、病情评估和预后判断有应用意义.%Objective To observe the value of B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT -ProBNP)and high-sensitivity C-eactive protein (hs-CRP)on patients of heart failure in diagnosis , illness evaluation and prognosis through jointed detection . Methods From January 2010 to November 2012,103 cases of CHF patients were measured plasma NT -ProBNP and hs -CRP serum levels on admission and at discharge. Before and after treatment comparison observations were made ,35 health were selected randomly for control. The patients were followed up for 6 months to observe it cardiac events happen again . Results NT-ProBNP and hs -CRP serum and plasma levels in different heart failure cardiac function grading group had statistically significant difference from healthy control group . The poorer heart function , the higher concentration ( P < 0.05 ) ; Before and after treatment, difference had statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ) ; Concentrations of plasma NT -ProBNP and hs -CRP level were significantly higher in cardiac evento after discharge group than those without cardiac
18. hs-CRP与肥胖青少年心血管疾病发生风险的相关性研究%hs-CRP level was associated to diagnosis of cardiovascular risk in obese teenagers
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张丽娜; 寇筱囡; 李新娜; 曹艳菲; 车璐
2014-01-01
目的：探讨超敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP）作为肥胖青少年心血管疾病发病风险的生物标志物的评估价值。方法6-18岁青少年，体重指数（body mass index, BMI）超过2 SDS。所有入组对象空腹12h采集静脉血，检测hs-CRP，肝脏功能检测，血脂检测，尿酸等检测；糖耐量试验。我们认为肥胖青少年存在代谢综合征症状，至少包括两个以下症状：高甘油三酯血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C）、高血压及糖代谢障碍。结果115例青少年患者中，24%显示存在代谢综合症，存在代谢综合症的患者血清hs-CRP水平（M=3.8ml/L；95% CI：2.9-4.8）高与不存在代谢综合征症状的肥胖青少年（M=1.9ml/L；95% CI：1.5-2.5），经多变量分析，影响hs-CRP水平的是BMI、甘油三酯、HDL-C水平。讨论血清hs-CRP是判断肥胖青少年是否存在早期心血管疾病发生风险的有价值的生物标志物。%Objective To assess the utility of the high -sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a marker of cardiovascular risk in obese teenagers. Methods The study included teenagers between 6 and 18 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 2 SDS. Al the patients had their blood pressure taken and hs-CRP, hepatic function, lipid and uric acid were determined after 12 h of fasting, likewise , an oral glucose tolerance test was performed, determining basal glucose and insulin levels, and after stimulus. Results Out of the 115 obese teenagers 24% showed signs of metabolic syndrome. Those with metabolic syndrome presented higher levels of hs-CRP (M=3.8ml/L; 95% CI: 2.9-4.8) in comparison with the obese patients who did not show signs of metabolic syndrome(M=1.9ml/L; 95% CI: 1.5-2.5). After a multivariate analysis, the variables that appear to influence the changes in hs-CRP were BMI, triglycerides and HDL-C levels. Conclusions The hs-CRP is
19. Cell-free expression of human glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (HsGNA1) for inhibitor screening.
Science.gov (United States)
Ma, Yi; Ghoshdastider, Umesh; Wang, Jufang; Ye, Wei; Dötsch, Volker; Filipek, Slawomir; Bernhard, Frank; Wang, Xiaoning
2012-12-01
Glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA1; EC 2.3.1.4) is required for the de novo synthesis of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6P), which is an essential precursor in Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, GNA1 is indispensable for the viability of organisms. Here, a novel cell-free expression strategy was developed to efficiently produce large amounts of human GNA1(HsGNA1) and HsGNA1-sGFP for throughput inhibitor screening. The binding site of inhibitor glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to hGNA was identified by simulated annealing. Subtle differences to the binding site of Aspergillius GNA1(AfGNA1) can be harnessed for inhibitor design. HsGNA1 may be also useful as an antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic target against cancer. Additionally HsGNA1 inhibitors/modulators can possibly be administered with other drugs in the next generation of personalized medicine.
20. Heat Perception and Aversive Learning in Honey Bees: Putative Involvement of the Thermal/Chemical Sensor AmHsTRPA.
Science.gov (United States)
Junca, Pierre; Sandoz, Jean-Christophe
2015-01-01
The recent development of the olfactory conditioning of the sting extension response (SER) has provided new insights into the mechanisms of aversive learning in honeybees. Until now, very little information has been gained concerning US detection and perception. In the initial version of SER conditioning, bees learned to associate an odor CS with an electric shock US. Recently, we proposed a modified version of SER conditioning, in which thermal stimulation with a heated probe is used as US. This procedure has the advantage of allowing topical US applications virtually everywhere on the honeybee body. In this study, we made use of this possibility and mapped thermal responsiveness on the honeybee body, by measuring workers' SER after applying heat on 41 different structures. We then show that bees can learn the CS-US association even when the heat US is applied on body structures that are not prominent sensory organs, here the vertex (back of the head) and the ventral abdomen. Next, we used a neuropharmalogical approach to evaluate the potential role of a recently described Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel, HsTRPA, on peripheral heat detection by bees. First, we applied HsTRPA activators to assess if such activation is sufficient for triggering SER. Second, we injected HsTRPA inhibitors to ask whether interfering with this TRP channel affects SER triggered by heat. These experiments suggest that HsTRPA may be involved in heat detection by bees, and represent a potential peripheral detection system in thermal SER conditioning.
1. Time delay in the variability of multiply lensed QSOs HS0810+2554 and Q2237+030
Science.gov (United States)
Storrs, Alex; Lainez, Sergio
2017-01-01
We present time delay in variability between the brightest lensed images of two multiply lensed QSO systems, HS0810+2554 and Q2237+030. This data can help constrain the mass distribution of the lensing galaxies, and perhaps on Hubble’s Constant as well. Observations were made with the Towson University 0.4m telescope.
2. Complete genomic sequence of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni HS:19 strain RM1285 that was isolated from packaged chicken
Science.gov (United States)
Poultry products serve as the main source of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni (Cjj) infections in humans. Cjj infections are a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and are a prevalent antecedent to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). This study describes the genome of Cjj HS:19 strain RM1285 isol...
3. Chronic NaHS Treatment Is Vasoprotective in High-Fat-Fed ApoE−/− Mice
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Asha Ford
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Hydrogen sulfide is emerging as an important mediator of vascular function that has antioxidant and cytoprotective effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous H2S and the effect of chronic exogenous H2S treatment on vascular function during the progression of atherosclerotic disease. ApoE−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks and treated with the H2S donor NaHS or the cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE inhibitor D,L-propargylglycine (PPG, to inhibit endogenous H2S production for the final 4 weeks. Fat-fed ApoE−/− mice displayed significant aortic atherosclerotic lesions and significantly impaired endothelial function compared to wild-type mice. Importantly, 4 weeks of NaHS treatment significantly reduced vascular dysfunction and inhibited vascular superoxide generation. NaHS treatment significantly reduced the area of aortic atherosclerotic lesions and attenuated systolic blood pressure. Interestingly, inhibiting endogenous, CSE-dependent H2S production with PPG did not exacerbate the deleterious vascular changes seen in the untreated fat-fed ApoE−/− mice. The results indicate NaHS can improve vascular function by reducing vascular superoxide generation and impairing atherosclerotic lesion development. Endogenous H2S production via CSE is insufficient to counter the atherogenic effects seen in this model; however exogenous H2S treatment has a significant vasoprotective effect.
4. Development of a Direct Headspace Collection Method from Arabidopsis Seedlings Using HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS Analysis
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Kazuki Saito
2013-04-01
Full Text Available Plants produce various volatile organic compounds (VOCs, which are thought to be a crucial factor in their interactions with harmful insects, plants and animals. Composition of VOCs may differ when plants are grown under different nutrient conditions, i.e., macronutrient-deficient conditions. However, in plants, relationships between macronutrient assimilation and VOC composition remain unclear. In order to identify the kinds of VOCs that can be emitted when plants are grown under various environmental conditions, we established a conventional method for VOC profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis involving headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS. We grew Arabidopsis seedlings in an HS vial to directly perform HS analysis. To maximize the analytical performance of VOCs, we optimized the extraction method and the analytical conditions of HP-SPME-GC-TOF-MS. Using the optimized method, we conducted VOC profiling of Arabidopsis seedlings, which were grown under two different nutrition conditions, nutrition-rich and nutrition-deficient conditions. The VOC profiles clearly showed a distinct pattern with respect to each condition. This study suggests that HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS analysis has immense potential to detect changes in the levels of VOCs in not only Arabidopsis, but other plants grown under various environmental conditions.
5. Do albuminuria and hs-CRP add to the International Diabetes Federation definition of the metabolic syndrome in predicting outcome?
NARCIS (Netherlands)
van der Velde, Marije; Bello, Aminu K.; Brantsma, Auke H.; El Nahas, Meguid; Bakker, Stephan J. L.; de Jong, Paul E.; Gansevoort, Ronald T.
2012-01-01
Background. To investigate the added value of elevated urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and high high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in predicting new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in addition to the present metabolic syndr
6. Correlation of Ferritin and Transferrin Serum with hsCRP and F2-Isoprostane in Metabolic Syndrome
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Waode Nurfina
2010-12-01
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The low inflammatory state that accompanies the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS associates with the overexpression of oxidative stress. Ferritin and Transferrin serum are often used to measure iron status and their concentrations are altered in several metabolic conditions. We hypothesized that concentration of Ferritin and Transferrin serum increase in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS and correlate with the inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS: We studied 65 male MetS patients, aged 43.26±7.16 years. Iron metabolism was measured by concentration of Ferritin and Transferrin serums, while inflammatory and oxidative stress by high sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP and F2-Isoprostane. RESULTS: Concentration of Ferritin 315.70±188.63 ng/L and Transferrin 2.36±0.31 g/L increased along with increasing components of MetS. Concentration of Ferritin serum had a positive correlation with hsCRP (r=0.220 and F2-Isoprostane (r=0.023. CONCLUSIONS: Serum concentration of Ferritin increased in the MetS and correlates with hsCRP and F2-Isoprostane. KEYWORDS: metabolic syndrome, ferritin, transferrin, hsCRP, F2-isoprostane.
7. Study to evaluate serum free testosterone and hsCRP concentration to predict low hematocrit in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2015-06-01
Conclusion: At the end of the study we concluded that both a low serum free testosterone level and high hs-CRP concentration may play an important role in the pathogenesis of mild anemia and low hematocrit values in DM type 2 patients. [Int J Res Med Sci 2015; 3(6.000: 1501-1504
8. A new naphthalenepropanoic acid analog from the marine-derived actinomycetes Micromonospora sp. HS-HM-036.
Science.gov (United States)
Gao, Mei-Yue; Qi, Huan; Li, Jian-Song; Zhang, Hui; Zhang, Ji; Wang, Ji-Dong; Xiang, Wen-Sheng
2017-09-01
A new naphthalenepropanoic acid analog (1) was isolated from the broth of the actinomycetes Micromonospora sp. HS-HM-036. The structure of compound 1 was determined based on MS and extensive NMR analysis. A preliminary investigation of the biological activity of compound 1 was also described.
9. The GATA1-HS2 enhancer allows persistent and position-independent expression of a β-globin transgene.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Annarita Miccio
Full Text Available Gene therapy of genetic diseases requires persistent and position-independent expression of a therapeutic transgene. Transcriptional enhancers binding chromatin-remodeling and modifying complexes may play a role in shielding transgenes from repressive chromatin effects. We tested the activity of the HS2 enhancer of the GATA1 gene in protecting the expression of a β-globin minigene delivered by a lentiviral vector in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Gene expression from proviruses carrying GATA1-HS2 in both LTRs was persistent and resistant to silencing at most integration sites in the in vivo progeny of human hematopoietic progenitors and murine long-term repopulating stem cells. The GATA1-HS2-modified vector allowed correction of murine β-thalassemia at low copy number without inducing clonal selection of erythroblastic progenitors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies showed that GATA1 and the CBP acetyltransferase bind to GATA1-HS2, significantly increasing CBP-specific histone acetylations at the LTRs and β-globin promoter. Recruitment of CBP by the LTRs thus establishes an open chromatin domain encompassing the entire provirus, and increases the therapeutic efficacy of β-globin gene transfer by reducing expression variegation and epigenetic silencing.
10. HS-SPME/GC-MS分析发酵人参香气成分%Analysis of Volatile Components of Fermented Panax Ginseng by HS-SPME/GC-MS
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
柴贺; 周亚楠; 初琦; 王玉华; 朴春红
2016-01-01
研究Kefir粒发酵对人参香气成分产生的影响.鲜人参经预处理后进行Kefir粒无氧和有氧发酵,利用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用相结合的方法优化顶空萃取头类型、萃取时间、萃取温度,再分析发酵前后人参香气成分的变化.结果表明:萃取头类型为非键合型PDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷,涂层厚度100μm)、萃取时间为30 min,萃取温度为75℃时萃取效果最佳.该条件下未发酵人参香气共50种,其中烷烃类21种,萜烯类18种,醇类4种,醛酮类2种,酚类2种,芳香类1种,含氮杂环化合物2种,人参呈土腥味;Kefir粒无氧发酵人参香气成分共64种,其中烷烃类22种,萜烯类21种,醇类9种,醛酮类4种,芳香类3种,酯类2种,酚类1种,含氮杂环化合物2种,发酵后的人参呈果香和朗姆味;Kefir粒有氧发酵人参香气成分共64种,其中烷烃19种,萜烯类22种,醇类8种,醛酮类4种,芳香类2种,酯类3种,酚酸类2种,含氮杂环化合物4种,发酵后的人参呈草药味和烧烤香味.Kefir发酵人参显著提高了人参的芳香气味.%In order to study on the effect of Kefir fermented ginseng on the aroma components of panax ginseng, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for the qualitative determination of volatile components in ginseng, anaerobic fermented ginseng and aerobic fermented ginseng. The conditions of SPME fiber type, extraction time and equilibrium temperature were optimized. Optimum adsorption was achieved using PDMS (100μm) fiber for adsorption at 75 ℃for 30 min. As a result, 50 aroma compounds were extracted out of the ginseng, including 21 alkanes, 18 terpenes, 4 alcohols, 2 aldehydes and ketones, 2 phenols, 1 aromatics, 2 heterocyclic.Samples were smelled of wood and earth; 64 aroma compounds were extracted out of the anaerobic ginseng, including 22 alkanes, 21 terpenes, 9 alcohols, 4 aldehydes and ketones, 3 aromatics, 2
11. 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate recognized by the antibody HS4C3 contributes [corrected] to the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells via fas signaling.
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Kazumi Hirano
Full Text Available Maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs is regulated by the balance between several extrinsic signaling pathways. Recently, we demonstrated that heparan sulfate (HS chains play important roles in the maintenance and differentiation of mESCs by regulating extrinsic signaling. Sulfated HS structures are modified by various sulfotransferases during development. However, the significance of specific HS structures during development remains unclear. Here, we show that 3-O-sulfated HS structures synthesized by HS 3-O-sulfotransferases (3OSTs and recognized by the antibody HS4C3 increase during differentiation of mESCs. Furthermore, expression of Fas on the cell surface of the differentiated cells also increased. Overexpression of the HS4C3-binding epitope in mESCs induced apoptosis and spontaneous differentiation even in the presence of LIF and serum. These data showed that the HS4C3-binding epitope was required for differentiation of mESCs. Up-regulation of the HS4C3-binding epitope resulted in the recruitment of Fas from the cytoplasm to lipid rafts on the cell surface followed by activation of Fas signaling. Indeed, the HS4C3-binding epitope interacted with a region that included the heparin-binding domain (KLRRRVH of Fas. Reduced self-renewal capability in cells overexpressing 3OST resulted from the degradation of Nanog by activated caspase-3, which is downstream of Fas signaling, and was rescued by the inhibition of Fas signaling. We also found that knockdown of 3OST and inhibition of Fas signaling reduced the potential for differentiation into the three germ layers during embryoid body formation. This is the first demonstration that activation of Fas signaling is mediated by an increase in the HS4C3-binding epitope and indicates a novel signaling pathway for differentiation in mESCs.
12. Gene specificity of suppression of transgene-mediated insertional transcriptional activation by the chicken HS4 insulator.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Romain Desprat
Full Text Available Insertional mutagenesis has emerged as a major obstacle for gene therapy based on vectors that integrate randomly in the genome. Reducing the genotoxicity of genomic viral integration can, in first approximation, be equated with reducing the risk of oncogene activation, at least in the case of therapeutic payloads that have no known oncogenic potential, such as the globin genes. An attractive solution to the problem of oncogene activation is the inclusion of insulators/enhancer-blockers in the viral vectors. In this study we have used Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange to characterize the effect of integration of globin therapeutic cassettes in the presence or absence of the chicken HS4 and three other putative insulators inserted near Stil, Tal1 and MAP17, three well-known cellular proto-oncogenes in the SCL/Tal1 locus. We show that insertion of a Locus Control Region-driven globin therapeutic globin transgene had a dramatic activating effect on Tal1 and Map17, the two closest genes, a minor effect on Stil, and no effect on Cyp4x1, a non-expressed gene. Of the four element tested, cHS4 was the only one that was able to suppress this transgene-mediated insertional transcriptional activation. cHS4 had a strong suppressive effect on the activation expression of Map17 but has little or no effect on expression of Tal1. The suppressive activity of cHS4 is therefore promoter specific. Importantly, the observed suppressive effect of cHS4 on Map17 activation did not depend on its intercalation between the LCR and the Map 17 promoter. Rather, presence of one or two copies of cHS4 anywhere within the transgene was sufficient to almost completely block the activation of Map17. Therefore, at this complex locus, suppression of transgene-mediated insertional transcriptional activation by cHS4 could not be adequately explained by models that predict that cHS4 can only suppress expression through an enhancer-blocking activity that requires intercalation
13. Effect of Tanreqing injection on mycoplasma pneumonia in patients of hs-CRP, PCT, T cell subsets
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Mei Bai
2016-01-01
Objective: To explore the effect of Tanreqing injection for treatment and its clinical significance through the changes of mycoplasma pneumonia patients with hs-CRP, PCT levels and cellular immune index. Method:A total of 114 cases of mycoplasma pneumonia, which were randomly divided into routine antibiotic treatment group (n=53) (control group), Tanreqing injection treatment group (n=61) (treatment group), to observe the two groups' hs-CRP and PCT levels in serum and the cellular immune regulation after treatment in patients, and contrast the curative effect. Results:the two groups before treatment, hs-CRP and PCT levels in serum had no significant difference;the treatment group after treatment, hs-CRP and PCT levels in serum were significantly lower than before treatment, and lower than that of the control group's;the control group after treatment of serum hs-CRP was significantly lower than that before treatment, compared to the before treatment, the level of PCT decreased slightly, but compared with before treatment there was no significant difference;after treatment, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, CD56+value were significantly higher than the control group's;CD8+and CD4+CD25+were significantly lower than the control group's;effective treatment group was significantly higher than the control group. The average hospitalization time was less than the control group's. Conclusion:Tanreqing injection adjuvant therapy could improve the treatment effect in mycoplasma pneumonia patients, regulate immune function, which was worth popularizing in clinical use.
14. The Hydrogen Sulfide Donor NaHS Delays Programmed Cell Death in Barley Aleurone Layers by Acting as an Antioxidant.
Science.gov (United States)
Zhang, Ying-Xin; Hu, Kang-Di; Lv, Kai; Li, Yan-Hong; Hu, Lan-Ying; Zhang, Xi-Qi; Ruan, Long; Liu, Yong-Sheng; Zhang, Hua
2015-01-01
H2S is a signaling molecule in plants and animals. Here we investigated the effects of H2S on programmed cell death (PCD) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) aleurone layers. The H2S donor NaHS significantly delayed PCD in aleurone layers isolated from imbibed embryoless barley grain. NaHS at 0.25 mM effectively reduced the accumulation of superoxide anion (·O2 (-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), promoted the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and decreased those of lipoxygenase (LOX) in isolated aleurone layers. Quantitative-PCR showed that NaHS treatment of aleurone tissue led to enhanced transcript levels of the antioxidant genes HvSOD1, HvAPX, HvCAT1, and HvCAT2 and repressed transcript levels of HvLOX (lipoxygenase gene) and of two cysteine protease genes HvEPA and HvCP3-31. NaHS treatment in gibberellic acid- (GA-) treated aleurone layers also delayed the PCD process, reduced the content of ·O2 (-), and increased POD activity while decreasing LOX activity. Furthermore, α-amylase secretion in barley aleurone layers was enhanced by NaHS treatment regardless of the presence or absence of GA. These data imply that H2S acted as an antioxidant in delaying PCD and enhances α-amylase secretion regardless of the presence of GA in barley aleurone layers.
15. The Hydrogen Sulfide Donor NaHS Delays Programmed Cell Death in Barley Aleurone Layers by Acting as an Antioxidant
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ying-Xin Zhang
2015-01-01
Full Text Available H2S is a signaling molecule in plants and animals. Here we investigated the effects of H2S on programmed cell death (PCD in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. aleurone layers. The H2S donor NaHS significantly delayed PCD in aleurone layers isolated from imbibed embryoless barley grain. NaHS at 0.25 mM effectively reduced the accumulation of superoxide anion (·O2-, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA, promoted the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, guaiacol peroxidase (POD, catalase (CAT, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, and decreased those of lipoxygenase (LOX in isolated aleurone layers. Quantitative-PCR showed that NaHS treatment of aleurone tissue led to enhanced transcript levels of the antioxidant genes HvSOD1, HvAPX, HvCAT1, and HvCAT2 and repressed transcript levels of HvLOX (lipoxygenase gene and of two cysteine protease genes HvEPA and HvCP3-31. NaHS treatment in gibberellic acid- (GA- treated aleurone layers also delayed the PCD process, reduced the content of ·O2-, and increased POD activity while decreasing LOX activity. Furthermore, α-amylase secretion in barley aleurone layers was enhanced by NaHS treatment regardless of the presence or absence of GA. These data imply that H2S acted as an antioxidant in delaying PCD and enhances α-amylase secretion regardless of the presence of GA in barley aleurone layers.
16. Clinical Significance of MALB and hs-CRP in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris%不稳定型心绞痛患者测定UAER、hs-CRP的临床意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
赵有翼; 田东霞
2012-01-01
Objective To study the significance of urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Methods All 178 patients with unstable angina pectoris were divided into four groups. Initial onset angina pectoris group consisted of 46 patients, progressive angina pectoris group consisted of SO patients,spontaneous angina group consisted of 54 patients,and post-infarction angina pectoris group consisted of 28 patients. The level of UAER and hs-CRP were tested and the data were compared to that of 40 healthy controls. Results The levels of UAER and hs-CRP were higher both in initial onset angina pectoris group and progressive angina pectoris group than those of health con-trols(P <0.01). The UAER in post-infarction angina pectoris group was higher either( P < 0.05). Conclusion The level of UAER and hs-CRP in early periods of patients with unstable angina pectoris should be tested so as to get the best curing effect. Combining with myocardial zymogram and electrocardiogram examination,the proper therapy can prevent myocardial infarction.%目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)与超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在不稳定型心绞痛诊断中的临床意义.方法 将178例临床诊断为不稳定型心绞痛患者分为初发劳力型心绞痛组46例,恶化劳力型心绞痛组50例,自发型心绞痛组54例及梗死后心绞痛组28例；同期正常体检者40例作为对照组,分别应用免疫金标法测定尿微量白蛋白排泄率,免疫比浊法测定超敏C-反应蛋白水平,并进行比较.结果 初发型心绞痛组和恶化型心绞痛组的UAER及hs-CRP均有很大程度的增高,二者显著高于对照组(P＜0.01)；梗死后心绞痛组UAER明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),hs-CRP在正常范围；自发型心绞痛组两项测定指标均在正常范围.结论 在心绞痛的早期应该注意监测UAER和hs-CRP的变化,以其尽早干预心绞痛的病程进展,对于
17. Allelic Imbalance of mRNA Associated with α2-HS Glycoprotein (Fetuin-A Polymorphism
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yoshihiko Inaoka
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG, also designated as fetuin-A, exhibits polymorphism in population genetics consisting of two major alleles of AHSG∗1 and AHSG∗2. The serum level in the AHSG∗1 homozygote is significantly higher than that of the AHSG∗2 homozygote. This study examined the molecular mechanism for the cis-regulatory expression. To quantitate allele-specific mRNA in intra-assays of the heterozygote, RT-PCR method employing primers that were incorporated to the two closely located SNPs was developed. The respective magnitudes of AHSG∗1 to AHSG∗2 in the liver tissues and hepatic culture cells of PLC/PRF/5 were determined quantitatively as 2.5-fold and 6.2-fold. The mRNA expressional difference of two major alleles was observed, which is consistent with that in the serum level. The culture cells carried heterozygous genotypes in rs4917 and rs4918, but homozygous one in rs2248690. It was unlikely that the imbalance was derived from the SNP located in the promotor site. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of mRNA degradation, RNA synthesis in the cell culture was inhibited potently by the addition of actinomycin-D. No marked change was apparent between the two alleles. The results indicated that the cis-regulatory expressional difference is expected to occur at the level of transcription or splicing of mRNA.
18. Allelic Imbalance of mRNA Associated with α2-HS Glycoprotein (Fetuin-A) Polymorphism.
Science.gov (United States)
Inaoka, Yoshihiko; Osawa, Motoki; Mukasa, Nahoko; Miyashita, Keiko; Satoh, Fumiko; Kakimoto, Yu
2015-01-01
Alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), also designated as fetuin-A, exhibits polymorphism in population genetics consisting of two major alleles of AHSG(∗) 1 and AHSG(∗) 2. The serum level in the AHSG(∗) 1 homozygote is significantly higher than that of the AHSG(∗) 2 homozygote. This study examined the molecular mechanism for the cis-regulatory expression. To quantitate allele-specific mRNA in intra-assays of the heterozygote, RT-PCR method employing primers that were incorporated to the two closely located SNPs was developed. The respective magnitudes of AHSG(∗) 1 to AHSG(∗) 2 in the liver tissues and hepatic culture cells of PLC/PRF/5 were determined quantitatively as 2.5-fold and 6.2-fold. The mRNA expressional difference of two major alleles was observed, which is consistent with that in the serum level. The culture cells carried heterozygous genotypes in rs4917 and rs4918, but homozygous one in rs2248690. It was unlikely that the imbalance was derived from the SNP located in the promotor site. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of mRNA degradation, RNA synthesis in the cell culture was inhibited potently by the addition of actinomycin-D. No marked change was apparent between the two alleles. The results indicated that the cis-regulatory expressional difference is expected to occur at the level of transcription or splicing of mRNA.
19. Determination of benzene in different food matrices by distillation and isotope dilution HS-GC/MS
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Medeiros Vinci, Raquel [Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent (Belgium); Canfyn, Michael [Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels (Belgium); De Meulenaer, Bruno [Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent (Belgium); Schaetzen, Thibault de; Van Overmeire, Ilse; De Beer, Jacques [Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels (Belgium); Van Loco, Joris, E-mail: [email protected] [Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels (Belgium)
2010-07-05
Benzene is classified by the IARC as carcinogenic to humans. Several sources may contribute for the occurrence of benzene in foods, such as, environmental contamination and the reaction of benzoate salts with ascorbic acid (naturally present or added as food additives). Matrix effect on benzene recovery (e.g. in fatty foods) and artefactual benzene formation from benzoate during analysis in the presence of ascorbate are some of the challenges presented when determining benzene in a wide range of foodstuffs. Design of experiment (DOE) was used to determine the most important variables in benzene recovery from headspace GC/MS. Based on the results of the DOE, a versatile method for the extraction of benzene from all kind of food commodities was developed. The method which consisted of distillation and isotope dilution HS-GC/MS was in-house validated. Artefactual benzene was prevented by addition of a borate buffer solution (pH 11) under distillation conditions. The method presented in this study allows the use of a matrix-independent calibration with detection limits below the legal limit established by the European Council for benzene in drinking water (1 {mu}g L{sup -1}).
20. Determination of benzene in different food matrices by distillation and isotope dilution HS-GC/MS.
Science.gov (United States)
Vinci, Raquel Medeiros; Canfyn, Michael; De Meulenaer, Bruno; de Schaetzen, Thibault; Van Overmeire, Ilse; De Beer, Jacques; Van Loco, Joris
2010-07-01
Benzene is classified by the IARC as carcinogenic to humans. Several sources may contribute for the occurrence of benzene in foods, such as, environmental contamination and the reaction of benzoate salts with ascorbic acid (naturally present or added as food additives). Matrix effect on benzene recovery (e.g. in fatty foods) and artefactual benzene formation from benzoate during analysis in the presence of ascorbate are some of the challenges presented when determining benzene in a wide range of foodstuffs. Design of experiment (DOE) was used to determine the most important variables in benzene recovery from headspace GC/MS. Based on the results of the DOE, a versatile method for the extraction of benzene from all kind of food commodities was developed. The method which consisted of distillation and isotope dilution HS-GC/MS was in-house validated. Artefactual benzene was prevented by addition of a borate buffer solution (pH 11) under distillation conditions. The method presented in this study allows the use of a matrix-independent calibration with detection limits below the legal limit established by the European Council for benzene in drinking water (1 microg L(-1)).
1. Integrated HS and ALS Remote Sensing Data Sources to Develop Green Corridors in Sopron Mountains
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
János Tamás
2015-01-01
Full Text Available The green corridors are part of the European Union rural landscapes, but the regional increase in size of agricultural parcels had a significant effect on European land use in the 20th century. This effect radically reduced the coverage of natural forest. One ecological problem with the remaining forests is the partial missing of the network connecting the parts with ecological green corridors. Another economical problem is the verifiability for the payment system of agroforestry. Remote sensing methods are currently used to supervise monitoring the arable lands, plantations, natural reserve areas, as well as to help for the European Union payment system. Nowadays the airborne hyperspectral (HS and LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging; ALS remote sensing technologies are becoming of more widespread use. They can be applied especially in spatial decision support system (SDSS, used in decisions about for nature, environment, forests, agriculture protection, conservation and monitoring, as well as for monitoring of biomass production. Our site selection model was the first step towards planning an agroforestry plantation which uses these integrated technologies to connect the parts with green corridors.
2. Subaru high resolution spectroscopy of complex metal absorption lines of QSO HS1603+3820
CERN Document Server
Misawa, T; Takada-Hidai, M; Wang, Y; Kashikawa, N; Iye, M; Tanaka, I; Misawa, Toru; Yamada, Toru; Takada-Hidai, Masahide; Wang, Yiping; Kashikawa, Nobunari; Iye, Masanori; Tanaka, Ichi
2002-01-01
We present a high resolution spectrum of the quasar, HS1603+3820 (z_em=2.542), observed with the High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS) on Subaru Telescope. This quasar, first discovered in the Hamburg/CfA Quasar Survey, has 11 C IV lines at 1.96 2.29 and resolves some of them into multiple narrow components with b 65 km/s). We use three properties of C IV lines, specifically, time variability, covering factor, and absorption line profile, to classify them into quasar intrinsic absorption lines (QIALs) and spatially intervening absorption lines (SIALs). The C IV lines at 2.42 < z_abs < 2.45 are classified as QIALs in spite of their large velocity shifts from the quasar. Perhaps they are produced by gas clouds ejected from the quasar with the velocity of v_ej = 8000 km/s -- 10000 km/s. On the other hand, three C IV lines at 2.48 < z_abs < 2.55 are classified as SIALs, which suggests there exist intervening absorbers near the quasar. We, however, cannot rule out QIALs for the two lines at z_abs ~ 2.54...
3. Time-Variable Complex Metal Absorption Lines in the Quasar HS1603+3820
CERN Document Server
Misawa, T; Charlton, J C; Tajitsu, A; Misawa, Toru; Eracleous, Michael; Charlton, Jane C.; Tajitsu, Akito
2005-01-01
We present a new spectrum of the quasar HS1603+3820 taken 1.28 years (0.36 years in the quasar rest frame) after a previous observation with Subaru+HDS. The new spectrum enables us to search for time variability as an identifier of intrinsic narrow absorption lines (NALs). This quasar shows a rich complex of C IV NALs within 60,000 km/s of the emission redshift. Based on covering factor analysis, Misawa et al. found that the C IV NAL system at z_abs= 2.42--2.45 (System A, at a shift velocity of v_sh = 8,300--10,600 km/s relative to the quasar) was intrinsic to the quasar. With our new spectrum, we perform time variability analysis as well as covering factor analysis to separate intrinsic NALs from intervening NALs for 8 C IV systems. Only System A, which was identified as an intrinsic system in the earlier paper by Misawa et al., shows a strong variation in line strength (W_obs ~ 10.4A -> 19.1A). We speculate that a broad absorption line (BAL) could be forming in this quasar. We illustrate the plausibility of...
4. Study on the Aromatic Components of Green Plum Wine by HS-SPME-GC-MS
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Yingying MA; Hechuan WU; Qingbin LIU; Lingyun WANG; Xiao DOU; Lin YANG; Jiangang YANG
2016-01-01
In order to better blend green plum wine and study aromatic components of green plum wine,a qualitative analysis on aromatic components of soaked base liquor,green plum soaked wine,green plum juice,and fermented wine of green plum juice by Head Space Solid-phase Microextraction( HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer( GC-MS) was studied in this paper. Experiment results indicated that14,32,17,and 46 kinds of aromatic components were identified respectively from four samples. Different aromatic components determined the special flavor and taste of green plum wine. Unique aromatic components generated in soaking process include benzaldehyde,1-butanol,2-methyl-,S-(-),benzoic acid ethyl ester,and 5-( hydroxymethyl). Special aromatic components in green plum juice were furfural,phenylethyl alcohol,and benzyl alcohol. The aromatic components in fermented wine of green plum juice mainly included phenylethyl alcohol( 6. 941%,relative content of peak area,same below),1-butanol,3-methyl-( 6. 940%),octanoic acid,ethyl ester( 3. 734%),decanoic acid,ethyl ester( 2. 590%),hexanoic acid,ethyl ester( 2. 479%),ethyl 9-decenoate( 2. 080%),and 5-hydroxymethyl( 1. 756%). This study was expected to provide scientific basis and data reference for quality improvement of green plum wine.
5. Developing an emulsion model system containing canthaxanthin biosynthesized by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1.
Science.gov (United States)
2012-11-01
An acceptable strategy to incorporate canthaxanthin (CX) as a natural colorant into products is by means of oil-in-water emulsions. The used CX in this study was produced by bacterium Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 using a batch bioreactor system. A central composite rotatable design-response surface methodology (CCRD-RSM) consisting of three-factored factorial design with five levels was applied for analysis of the results to obtain the optimal formulation of emulsions. Three independent variables including fenugreek gum (FG, 0.2-0.5%, w/w), coconut oil (CO, 6-10%, w/w), and CO/CX ratio (10:1-50:1) were transformed to coded values and second-order polynomial models was developed to predict the responses (pproperties such as volume-weighted mean diameter (D₄₃), specific surface area (S(v)) and polydispersity index (PDI) of emulsions. The 3-D response surface plot derived from the mathematical models was used to determine the optimal conditions. Main emulsion components under the optimum conditions ascertained presently by RSM: 50:1 CO/CX ratio, 0.49% (w/w) FG content and 6.28% (w/w) CO concentration. At this optimum point, stability, viscosity, D₄₃, S(v) and PDI were 90.6%, 0.0118 Pas, 0.595 μm, 12.03 m²/ml and 1.380, respectively.
6. Canthaxanthin biosynthesis by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1: effects of inoculation and aeration rate
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Forouzan Rostami
2014-06-01
Full Text Available The interest in production of natural colorants by microbial fermentation has been currently increased. The effects of D-glucose concentration (3.18-36.82 g/L, inoculum size (12.5 x 10(9-49.5 x 10(9 cfu cells/mL and air-flow rate (1.95-12.05 L/L min on the biomass, total carotenoid and canthaxanthin (CTX accumulation of Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 in a batch bioreactor was scrutinized using a response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD. Second-order polynomial models with high R² values ranging from 0.978 to 0.990 were developed for the studied responses using multiple linear regression analysis. The models showed the maximum cumulative amounts of biomass (7.85 g/L, total carotenoid (5.48 mg/L and CTX (4.99 mg/L could be achieved at 23.38 g/L of D-glucose, 31.2 x 10(9 cfu cells/mL of inoculation intensity and air-flow rate of 7.85 L/L min. The predicted values for optimum conditions were in good agreement with experimental data.
7. The orbital and superhump periods of the dwarf nova HS 0417+7445 in Camelopardalis
CERN Document Server
Shears, J H; Brady, S; Dubovsky, P; Miller, I; Staels, B
2010-01-01
We present the 2005-2010 outburst history of the SUUMa-type dwarf HS 0417+7445,along with a detailed analysis of extensive time-series photometry obtained in March 2008 during the second recorded superoutburst of the system. The mean outburst interval is 197 \\pm 59 d, with a median of 193 d. The March 2008 superoutburst was preceeded by a precursor outburst, had an amplitude of 4.2 magnitudes, and the whole event lasted about 16 days. No superhumps were detected during the decline from the precursor outburst, and our data suggests instead that orbital humps were present during that phase. Early superhumps detected during the rise to the superoutburst maximum exhibited an unusually large fractional period excess of epsilon = 0.137 (Psh = 0.0856(88) d). Following the maximum, a linear decline in brightness followed, lasting at least 6 days. During this decline, a stable superhump period of Psh = 0.07824(2) d was measured. Superimposed on the superhumps were orbital humps, which allowed us to accurately measure ...
8. Production and decay of element 114: high cross sections and the new nucleus 277Hs
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dullmann, Ch.E.; Schadel, M.; Yakushev, A.; Turler, A.; Eberhardt, K.; Kratz, J.V.; Ackermann, D.; Andersson, L.-L.; Block, M.; Bruchle, W.; Dvorak, J.; Essel, H.G.; Ellison, P.A.; Even, J.; Gates, J.M.; Gorshkov, A.; Graeger, R.; Gregorich, K.E.; Hartmann, W.; Herzberg, R.-D.; Hessberger, F.P.; Hild, D.; Hubner, A.; Jager, E.; Khuyagbaatar, J.; Kindler, B.; Krier, J.; Kurz, N.; Lahiri, S.; Liebe, D.; Lommel, B.; Maiti, M.; Nitsche, H.; Omtvedt, J.P.; Parr, E.; Rudolph, D.; Runke, J.; Schausten, B.; Schimpf, E.; Semchenkov, A.; Steiner, J.; Thorle-Pospiech, P.; Uusitalo, J.; Wegrzecki, M.; Wiehl, N.
2009-12-22
The fusion-evaporation reaction {sup 244}Pu({sup 48}Ca,3-4n){sup 288,289}114 was studied at the new gas-filled recoil separator TASCA. Thirteen correlated decay chains were observed and assigned to the production and decay of {sup 288,289}114. At a compound nucleus excitation energy of E* = 39.8-43.9 MeV, the 4n evaporation channel cross section was 9.8{sub -3.1}{sup +3.9} pb. At E* = 36.1-39.5 MeV, that of the 3n evaporation channel was 8.0{sub -4.5}{sup +7.4} pb. In one of the 3n evaporation channel decay chains, a previously unobserved {alpha} branch in {sup 281}Ds was observed (probability to be of random origin from background: 0.1%). This {alpha} decay populated the new nucleus {sup 277}Hs, which decayed by spontaneous fission after a lifetime of 4.5 ms.
9. Analysis of Five Earthy-Musty Odorants in Environmental Water by HS-SPME/GC-MS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhen Ding
2014-01-01
Full Text Available The pressing issue of earthy and musty odor compounds in natural waters, which can affect the organoleptic properties of drinking water, makes it a public health concern. A simple and sensitive method for simultaneous analysis of five odorants in environmental water was developed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME coupled to chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS, including geosmin (GSM and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB, as well as dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS, β-cyclocitral, and β-ionone. Based on the simple modification of original magnetic stirrer purchased from CORNING (USA, the five target compounds can be separated within 23 min, and the calibration curves show good linearity with a correlation coefficient above 0.999 (levels = 5. The limits of detection (LOD are all below 1.3 ng L−1, and the relative standard deviation (%RSD is between 4.4% and 9.9% (n = 7 and recoveries of the analytes from water samples are between 86.2% and 112.3%. In addition, the storage time experiment indicated that the concentrations did not change significantly for GSM and 2-MIB if they were stored in canonical environment. In conclusion, the method in this study could be applied for monitoring these five odorants in natural waters.
10. Stabilization of canthaxanthin produced by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 with spray drying microencapsulation.
Science.gov (United States)
2014-09-01
The strain bacterium Dietzia natronolimnaea has propounded as a source for biological production of canthaxanthin. Because of sensitivity of this pigment, examine on its stability is important. In this study, stability of encapsulated canthaxanthin from D. natronolimnaea HS-1 using soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS), gum acacia (GA), and maltodextrin (MD) as wall materials was investigated at 4, 25, and 45 °C in light and dark conditions during 4 months of storage. It was shown that the type of walls influenced the size of emulsion droplets; spray dried particles, microencapsulation efficiency (ME), and retention of canthaxanthin in microcapsules. SSPS and MD produced the smallest and the biggest emulsion droplets and spray dried particles, respectively. Microcapsules made with SSPS resulted in better ME and higher stability for canthaxanthin. Samples were degraded in all conditions, especially in light and 45 °C. Degradation of microencapsulated canthaxanthin with SSPS and GA proceeded more slowly than did with MD. Regardless of the type of wall materials, total canthaxanthin contents of the microencapsulated products decreased by an increase in time or temperature. Also, samples exposed to light indicated less stability at 4 and 25 °C when compared to the storage at dark conditions. According to the results of this study, SSPS can be considered as potential wall material for the encapsulation of carotenoids.
11. Definition of the switch surface in the solution structure of Cdc42Hs.
Science.gov (United States)
Feltham, J L; Dötsch, V; Raza, S; Manor, D; Cerione, R A; Sutcliffe, M J; Wagner, G; Oswald, R E
1997-07-22
Proteins of the rho subfamily of ras GTPases have been shown to be crucial components of pathways leading to cell growth and the establishment of cell polarity and mobility. Presented here is the solution structure of one such protein, Cdc42Hs, which provides insight into the structural basis for specificity of interactions between this protein and its effector and regulatory proteins. Standard heteronuclear NMR methods were used to assign the protein, and approximately 2100 distance and dihedral angle constraints were used to calculate a set of 20 structures using a combination of distance geometry and simulated annealing refinement. These structures show overall similarity to those of other GTP-binding proteins, with some exceptions. The regions corresponding to switch I and switch II in H-ras are disordered, and no evidence was found for an alpha-helix in switch II. The 13-residue insertion, which is only present in rho-subtype proteins and has been shown to be an important mediator of binding of regulatory and target proteins, forms a compact structure containing a short helix lying adjacent to the beta4-alpha3 loop. The insert forms one edge of a "switch surface" and, unexpectedly, does not change conformation upon activation of the protein by the exchange of GTP analogs for GDP. These studies indicate the insert region forms a stable invariant "footrest" for docking of regulatory and effector proteins.
12. Tissue-Specific Methylation of Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element-1 of Homo Sapiens (L1Hs) During Human Embryogenesis and Roles in Neural Tube Defects.
Science.gov (United States)
Wang, L; Chang, S; Guan, J; Shangguan, S; Lu, X; Wang, Z; Wu, L; Zou, J; Zhao, H; Bao, Y; Qiu, Z; Niu, B; Zhang, T
2015-01-01
Epigenetic regulation of long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposition events plays crucial roles during early development. Previously we showed that LINE-1 hypomethylation in neuronal tissues is associated with pathogenesis of neural tube defect (NTD). Herein, we further evaluated LINE-1 Homo sapiens (L1Hs) methylation in tissues derived from three germ layers of stillborn NTD fetuses, to define patterns of tissue specific methylation and site-specific hypomethylation at CpG sites within an L1Hs promoter region. Stable, tissue-specific L1Hs methylation patterns throughout three germ layer lineages of the fetus, placenta, and maternal peripheral blood were observed. Samples from maternal peripheral blood exhibited the highest level of L1Hs methylation (64.95%) and that from placenta showed the lowest (26.82%). Between samples from NTDs and controls, decrease in L1Hs methylation was only significant in NTD-affected brain tissue at 7.35%, especially in females (8.98%). L1Hs hypomethylation in NTDs was also associated with a significant increase in expression level of an L1Hs-encoded transcript in females (r = -0.846, p = 0.004). This could be due to genomic DNA instability and alternation in chromatins accessibility resulted from abnormal L1Hs hypomethylation, as showed in this study with HCT-15 cells treated with methylation inhibitor 5-Aza.
13. Effect of soil fulvic and humic acid on binding of Pb to goethite–water interface: Linear additivity and volume fractions of HS in the Stern layer
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Xiong, J.; Koopal, L.K.; Weng, L.; Wang, J.; Tan, W.
2015-01-01
The effects of soil fulvic (JGFA) and humic acid (JGHA) on Pb binding to goethite were investigated with batch experiments and modeling. The CD-MUSIC and NICA-Donnan model could describe the Pb binding to, respectively, the binary Pb–goethite and Pb–HS systems. The adsorption of humic substances (HS
14. 血清hs-CRP测定对糖尿病并发脑梗死患者的临床意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陈干明; 王晴; 张欣中
2012-01-01
目的 探讨糖尿病并发急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP水平与病情及预后的关系.方法 测定88例糖尿病并发急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP含量,分析与病情及预后关系.结果 糖尿病并发急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP水平明显高于糖尿病并发脑腔隙性脑梗死患者(P<0.01);脑梗死重型组血清hs-CRP水平高于中型、轻型组(P<0.05);随防1年,血清hs-CRP水平高者易复发.结论 糖尿病并发急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP水平升高,提示患者病情重、预后差、易复发.早期测定血清hs-CRP水平有助于评估糖尿病并发急性脑梗死的病情及预后.%Objective To the correlation of the serum hs - CRP level, the clinical situation and the prognosis of the patient with diabetes complicated with acute cerebral infarction. Methods 88 patients with diabetes complicated with acute cerebral infarction were measure of their serum hs - CRP level, the correlation to the clinical situation and prognosis was ananlyzed. Results The serum hs - CRP level of the patient with diabetes complicated with acute cerebral infarction was significantly higher than that of the patient with diabetes complicated with cerebral lacunar infarction ( P < 0. 01) , the serum hs - CRP level was higher in the severe infarction than in the medium and mild group ( P < 0. 05) , the patients were followed up for one year and those with high level of serum hs - CRP was more easy for relatpsing. Conclusions The serum hs - CRP level in the patient with diabetes complicated with acute cerebral infarction is elevated, which indicates a more severe clinical situation and poor prognosis. The early measurement of serum hs - CRP helps for the evaluation of diabetes complicated with acute cerebral infarction and its prognosis.
15. Resting Serum Concentration of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) in Sportsmen and Untrained Male Adults.
Science.gov (United States)
Niyi-Odumosu, F A; Bello, O A; Biliaminu, S A; Owoyele, B V; Abu, T O; Dominic, O L
2017-03-06
There is an inverse relationship between regular physical activity and concentration of serum inflammatory markers, with variations in resting CRP in trained and untrained subjects. The effect of acute and prolonged exercises has been studied on inflammatory markers with dearth of information and controversies on the resting serum values of high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). Therefore, this study sought to identify and compare variations that occur in serum levels of high sensitivity CRP in groups of sportsmen (6) and physically active untrained subjects. Eighty-one healthy male participants made up of 21 untrained (control), 10 footballers, 10 athletes, 10 karates, 10 volleyballers, 10 basketballers, and 10 baseballers voluntarily participated in the study. Participants rested while in sitting position for about 30 minutes during which blood pressures and heart rates were taken. 5 mls of venous blood was withdrawn from the antecubital vein of the participants (aseptically) between 7:00 and 10:00 am into lithium heparin bottles following an overnight fast. The supernatant was decanted and centrifuged at 3000 rpm, serum was collected and stored at -20ºC prior to biochemical assay which was done with the use of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for hs-CRP. Differences in the means within the sporting groups were analysed using one-way ANOVA while the difference between the trained sportsmen and untrained young adults was analysed using the independent T-test. Statistical significance was set at p hs-CRP (µg/ml) was 1.0±0.2 in the untrained, 2.6±0.7 in footballers, 3.6±2.1 in track athletes, 2.4±0.5 in basketballers, 2.2±0.5 in volleyballers, 2.4±1.3 in baseballers, and 1.7±0.5 in karate respectively. There was no significant difference in the resting hs-CRP amongst the sporting groups, and in the sportsmen and untrained group. Resting serum levels of hs-CRP falls within normal range, and varies insignificantly in groups of sports, and in sportsmen
16. Advances in understanding of soil biogeochemical cycles: the mechanism of HS entry into the root interior
Science.gov (United States)
Aleksandrova, Olga
2017-04-01
Humic substances represent the major reservoir of carbon (C) in ecosystems, and their turnover is crucial for understanding the global C cycle. As shown by some investigators [1-2], the phenomenon of the uptake of the whole humic particles by plant roots is a significant step of biogeochemical cycle of carbon in soils. The mechanism of HS entry the root interior remained unknown for a long time. However recently, the last one was discovered [3]. An advanced model [3] includes two hypotheses. These hypotheses are as follows: (1) each nano-size particle possesses a quantum image that can be revealed as a packet of electromagnetic waves; (2) the interaction of nano-size particle with the membrane (plasma membrane) of living cells, on which it is adsorbed, occurs via the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability on the membrane surface. An advanced model allows us to look insight some into some phenomena that were observed by experiments but remained not understood [2]. The authors [2] applied tritium autoradiography to wheat seedlings cultivated with tritium-labeled HS to consider the uptake of humic particles by plant roots. They found a significant increase in the content of some polar (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC)) and neutral (free fatty acids, FFA) lipids which were detected in the wheat seedlings treated with humic particles. Authors [2] pointed that lipids MGDG, DGDG, SQDG are crucial for functional and structural integrity of the photosystem complex. Therefore, a stimulating action of adsorbed humic particles evoked phenomena like photosynthesis in root cells that can be interpreted using an advanced model: humic particles being nano-size particles become adsorbed on the plant roots in soils, and influence their micro environment, where they are located, with the specific electromagnetic exposure. Another finding of authors consisted in the
17. Urban Transformation and Property Value Variation. The Role of HS Stations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carmela Gargiulo
2010-04-01
operation, partly in operation or not yet in operation. Besides, the description of each case is divided into: summary description of the characteristics of the HS railway line; description of the main features of cities that represent the nodes of the selected routes; identify the characteristics of the surrounding context of the railway station; measurement of the change in property values in the surrounding context of the railway station due to HS link. The third part provides a comparative outline of the effects of High Speed stations on property values and the urban typologies and characteristics that influence this relation. The first result of this article is a comparative framework between all study cases. In conclusion, the comparative reading shows that the effect from opening of the High Speed railway stations on property values is valuable in cases where it contributes significantly to raising the socio-economic and the quality conditions of spaces.
18. Theses\\' subjects chosen from public needs: Experience of Yazd Health Study (YaHS
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AA Dehghanitaftiti
2014-12-01
Full Text Available Yazd Health Study (YaHS is an endeavor to involve students in design, implementation and analysis of a large study. Over 150 graduate and post graduate students from various disciplines have been invited to participate in a large longitudinal study with 10000 samples. Participants were selected randomly from Yazd population, over 1000000 as December 2014. Four hundred variables grouped in the following sections were asked 1 demographics, 2 physical activity, 3sleep quality and quantity, 4 mental health, 5 history y of chronic illnesses, 6 history of surgical operations, 7 dental health, 8 history of accidents, 9 dietetic habits, 10 occupation and communication history, 11 traditional medicine, 12 history of smoking and addiction and 13 women’s health. The interview follows by anthropometric measurements including weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference and WHR. Per cent body fat, % body muscle, visceral fat, resting metabolism have been measured followed by pulse and blood pressure. Students were trained to participate in design, piloting and the main phase of data collection. Students evaluated the experience useful and constructive. In return of their collaboration in interviewing 50-100 study participants, they will receive data for their theses' proposal. This will help them to access a large and high quality set of data and disseminate the results in high quality peer reviewed journals as well as national and international conferences. The students mandated to write an executive summary of their thesis and disseminate it to health managers and inter-sectoral decision makers. They will gain bonus score if they can publish their main findings in public media. Acknowledgments: Thanks to students who participated in the study and A. Professor Masoud Mirzaei, the principal investigator of Yazd Health Study (YAHS for providing information on the design and the progress of the study.
19. Laminin peptide YIGSR induces collagen synthesis in Hs27 human dermal fibroblasts
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yoon, Jong Hyuk; Kim, Jaeyoon; Lee, Hyeongjoo [NovaCell Technology Inc., Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, So Young [Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Convergence Medicine and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of); Jang, Hwan-Hee [Functional Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-853 (Korea, Republic of); Ryu, Sung Ho [Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Beom Joon [Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Convergence Medicine and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Taehoon G., E-mail: [email protected] [NovaCell Technology Inc., Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784 (Korea, Republic of)
2012-11-23
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We identify a function of the YIGSR peptide to enhance collagen synthesis in Hs27. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer YIGSR peptide enhanced collagen type 1 synthesis both of gene and protein levels. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer There were no changes in cell proliferation and MMP-1 level in YIGSR treatment. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The YIGSR effect on collagen synthesis mediated activation of FAK, pyk2 and ERK. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The YIGSR-induced FAK and ERK activation was modulated by FAK and MEK inhibitors. -- Abstract: The dermal ECM is synthesized from fibroblasts and is primarily compromised of fibrillar collagen and elastic fibers, which support the mechanical strength and resiliency of skin, respectively. Laminin, a major glycoprotein located in the basement membrane, promotes cell adhesion, cell growth, differentiation, and migration. The laminin tyrosine-isoleucine-glycine-serine-arginine (YIGSR) peptide, corresponding to the 929-933 sequence of the {beta}1 chain, is known to be a functional motif with effects on the inhibition of tumor metastasis, the regulation of sensory axonal response and the inhibition of angiogenesis through high affinity to the 67 kDa laminin receptor. In this study, we identified a novel function of the YIGSR peptide to enhance collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. To elucidate this novel function regarding collagen synthesis, we treated human dermal fibroblasts with YIGSR peptide in both a time- and dose-dependent manner. According to subsequent experiments, we found that the YIGSR peptide strongly enhanced collagen type 1 synthesis without changing cell proliferation or cellular MMP-1 level. This YIGSR peptide-mediated collagen type 1 synthesis was modulated by FAK inhibitor and MEK inhibitor. This study clearly reveals that YIGSR peptide plays a novel function on the collagen type 1 synthesis of dermal fibroblasts and also suggests that YIGSR is a strong candidate
20. Quantification of Polyfunctional Thiols in Wine by HS-SPME-GC-MS Following Extractive Alkylation
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Lauren E. Musumeci
2015-07-01
Full Text Available Analyses of key odorous polyfunctional volatile thiols in wines (3-mercaptohexanol (3-MH, 3-mercaptohexylacetate (3-MHA, and 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone (4-MMP are challenging due to their high reactivity and ultra-trace concentrations, especially when using conventional gas-chromatography electron impact mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS. We describe a method in which thiols are converted to pentafluorobenzyl (PFB derivatives by extractive alkylation and the organic layer is evaporated prior to headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME and GC-EI-MS analysis. Optimal parameters were determined by response surface area modeling. The addition of NaCl solution to the dried SPME vials prior to extraction resulted in up to less than fivefold improvement in detection limits. Using 40 mL wine samples, limits of detection for 4-MMP, 3-MH, and 3-MHA were 0.9 ng/L, 1 ng/L, and 17 ng/L, respectively. Good recovery (90%–109% and precision (5%–11% RSD were achieved in wine matrices. The new method was used to survey polyfunctional thiol concentrations in 61 commercial California and New York State wines produced from V. vinifera (Riesling, Gewürztraminer, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon blanc and non-varietal rosé wines, V. labruscana (Niagara, and Vitis spp. (Cayuga White. Mean 4-MMP concentrations in New York Niagara (17 ng/L were not significantly different from concentrations in Sauvignon blanc, but were significantly higher than 4-MMP in other varietal wines.
1. Online breath gas analysis in unrestrained mice by hs-PTR-MS.
Science.gov (United States)
Szymczak, Wilfried; Rozman, Jan; Höllriegl, Vera; Kistler, Martin; Keller, Stefan; Peters, Dominika; Kneipp, Moritz; Schulz, Holger; Hoeschen, Christoph; Klingenspor, Martin; de Angelis, Martin Hrabě
2014-04-01
The phenotyping of genetic mouse models for human disorders may greatly benefit from breath gas analysis as a noninvasive tool to identify metabolic alterations in mice. Phenotyping screens such as the German Mouse Clinic demand investigations in unrestrained mice. Therefore, we adapted a breath screen in which exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were online monitored by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (hs-PTR-MS). The source strength of VOCs was derived from the dynamics in the accumulation profile of exhaled VOCs of a single mouse in a respirometry chamber. A careful survey of the accumulation revealed alterations in the source strength due to confounders, e.g., urine and feces. Moreover changes in the source strength of humidity were triggered by changes in locomotor behavior as mice showed a typical behavioral pattern from activity to settling down in the course of subsequent accumulation profiles. We demonstrated that metabolic changes caused by a dietary intervention, e.g., after feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) a sample of 14 male mice, still resulted in a statistically significant shift in the source strength of exhaled VOCs. Applying a normalization which was derived from the distribution of the source strength of humidity and accounted for varying locomotor behaviors improved the shift. Hence, breath gas analysis may provide a noninvasive, fast access to monitor the metabolic adaptation of a mouse to alterations in energy balance due to overfeeding or fasting and dietary macronutrient composition as well as a high potential for systemic phenotyping of mouse mutants, intervention studies, and drug testing in mice.
2. 中度嗜盐菌HS1产纤维素酶发酵条件的研究%Study on Cellulase Production by A Moderately Halophilic Bacterium HS1
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
韩秋菊; 张倩倩
2011-01-01
对一株中度嗜盐菌HS1产纤维素酶的活性进行了初步研究.单因素实验和正交实验结果表明,菌株HS1产纤维素酶的最佳发酵氮源为1.5%NaNO3,优化的发酵条件为:液体种子接种量6%、培养温度35℃、初始pH值6.5、培养时间4 d.%In this paper, cellulase production by a moderately halophilic bacterium HS1 was preliminarily explored. Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, it was found that the optimal nitrogen source was 1.5％ NaNO3 for production of cellulase and the optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:inoculating quantity of liquid seed of 6％ ,culture temperature of 35℃, initial pH value of 6.5 and culture time of 4 d.
3. Optimization of HS-GC-FID-MS Method for Residual Solvent Profiling in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Using DoE.
Science.gov (United States)
Poceva Panovska, Ana; Acevska, Jelena; Stefkov, Gjoshe; Brezovska, Katerina; Petkovska, Rumenka; Dimitrovska, Aneta
2016-02-01
Within this research, a headspace (HS) gas chromatography-flame ionization detector-mass spectrometry method was developed for profiling of residual solvents (RSs) in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Design of experiment was used for optimization of sample preparation, as well as for robustness testing of the method. HS equilibration temperature and dilution medium were detected as parameters with greater impact on the sensitivity, compared with the time used for equilibration of the samples. Regardless of the sample solubility, the use of water for sample preparation was found to be crucial for better sensitivity. The use of a well-designed strategy for method development and robustness testing, additional level of identification confidence, as well as use of internal standard provided a strong and reliable analytical tool for API fingerprinting, thus enabling the authentication of the substance based on the RS profile.
4. On the Highest Oxidation States of Metal Elements in MO4 Molecules (M = Fe, Ru, Os, Hs, Sm, and Pu).
Science.gov (United States)
Huang, Wei; Xu, Wen-Hua; Schwarz, W H E; Li, Jun
2016-05-02
Metal tetraoxygen molecules (MO4, M = Fe, Ru, Os, Hs, Sm, Pu) of all metal atoms M with eight valence electrons are theoretically studied using density functional and correlated wave function approaches. The heavier d-block elements Ru, Os, Hs are confirmed to form stable tetraoxides of Td symmetry in (1)A1 electronic states with empty metal d(0) valence shell and closed-shell O(2-) ligands, while the 3d-, 4f-, and 5f-elements Fe, Sm, and Pu prefer partial occupation of their valence shells and peroxide or superoxide ligands at lower symmetry structures with various spin couplings. The different geometric and electronic structures and chemical bonding types of the six iso-stoichiometric species are explained in terms of atomic orbital energies and orbital radii. The variations found here contribute to our general understanding of the periodic trends of oxidation states across the periodic table.
5. 25(OHD was Correlated with Increased Risk of Insulin Resistance, but Not Mediated by Adiponectin and hsCRP
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Anggi Kartikawati
2012-08-01
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that change of calcium and vitamin D homeostasis is associated with insulin resistance, decreased beta cell function, metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance and diabetes. Evidence suggests that vitamin D insufficiency is inversely related to risk of metabolic disorders including type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM, although the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. Hence, current study was conducted to investigate correlation between 25(OHD and insulin resistance through adiponectin or High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP in centrally obese men. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 centrally obese men with waist circumference (WC >90 cm and age 30-60 years. Total 25(OHD concentration was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA method. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA model. RESULTS: This study showed there was no correlation of 25(OHD-WC (r=0.006 and p=0.957, 25(OHD-adiponectin (r=0.179 and p=0.111 abd 25(OHD-hsCRP (r=-0.223 and p=0.334, but we observed statistically significant negative correlation between 25(OHD and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR (r=0.461 and p=0.041. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that low 25(OHD concentration was significantly associated with increased risk of insulin resistance. Since the adiponectin or hsCRP was not correlated, the possible pathways need to be futher investigated. KEYWORDS: central obesity, 25(OHD, adiponectin, hsCRP, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR.
6. Investigating the Effect of Inflammation on Atrial Fibrillation Occurrence by Measuring Highly Sensitive C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2014-05-01
Full Text Available Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmias that cardiologists and internists encounter. The goal of this article is to clarify an overview of the evidence linking inflammation to AF existence, which may highlight the effect of some pharmacological agents that have genuine potential to reduce the clinical burden of AF by modulating inflammatory pathways. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, 50 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF with different etiologies and 50 patients with sinus rhythm and similar bases were selected. Sampling for highly sensitive c-reactive (hs-CRP was done on the patients presenting with AF to the Ghaem hospital between October 2006 and June 2007. Results: Mean age of the patients was 62 years with maximum of 90 and minimum of 36 and standard deviation of 13.80. The most frequent age group was 71-80years. Fifty-four percent of patients were male and 46% were female. Mean serum hs-CRP levels in AF patients with hypertension (HTN ,Ischemic heart disease(IHD, Valvular heart disease (VHD, HTN+IHD and hyperthyroidism were 8.10, 9.40, 8.68, 10.16 and 5.98 mg/Lit; respectively. There was significant difference between hs-CRP levels in hypertensive patients in the two groups (P=0.010. Similar results were observed in IHD patients, VHD patients and HTN+IHD patients in two groups (P=0.015, P=0.037, P=0.000. Conclusion: In addition to some risk factors like baseline cardiac diseases, aging, thyrotoxicosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and cardiac surgery, there also appears to be consistent links between hs-CRP, a marker of inflammation, and the pathogenesis of AF.
7. Correlation between the severity of coronary artery lesions and levels of estrogen, hs-CRP and MMP-9.
Science.gov (United States)
Guo, Changlei; Zhang, Shaoli; Zhang, Junbiao; Liu, Hui; Li, Peicheng; Liu, Hengdao; Wang, Yakun
2014-05-01
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and levels of estrogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). A total of 65 patients with ACS, 33 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and 36 healthy controls were randomly enrolled. Patients with ACS were subdivided into two groups: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=30) and unstable angina pectoris (UAP; n=35). Serum levels of estrogen, hs-CRP and MMP-9 were detected in the four groups of subjects. Serum estrogen levels in patients with AMI, UAP and SAP were significantly lower than those in the control group (Phs-CRP and MMP-9, followed in descending order by those with UAP and SAP (Phs-CRP and MMP-9 were also significantly different among the AMI, UAP and SAP groups (Phs-CRP and MMP-9 levels (r=-0.6634 and -0.6878, respectively; both Phs-CRP and MMP-9 levels correlated positively (r=0.7208, Phs-CRP and MMP-9 levels (r=0.6519 and 0.6835, respectively; both Phs-CRP and MMP-9 levels were significantly correlated with the severity of coronary artery lesions. There was also a significant correlation between serum estrogen, hs-CRP and MMP-9 levels. These data indicate that serum estrogen, hs-CRP and MMP-9 have the potential to be used as biomarkers for evaluating the severity of coronary artery lesions and the stability of coronary artery plaques.
8. Determination of volatile aroma compounds of Ganoderma lucidum by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS).
Science.gov (United States)
Taşkın, Hatıra; Kafkas, Ebru; Çakıroğlu, Özgün; Büyükalaca, Saadet
2013-01-01
This study was conducted at Horticulture Department of Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey during 2010-2011. Fresh sample of Ganoderma lucidum collected from Mersin province of Turkey was used as material. Volatile aroma compounds were performed by Headspace Gas Chromatography (HS-GC/MS). Alcohols, aldehydes, acids, phenol, L-Alanine, d-Alanine, 3Methyl, 2-Butanamine, 2-Propanamine were determined. 1-Octen-3-ol (Alcohol) and 3-methyl butanal (Aldehyde) were identified as major aroma compounds.
9. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with hsCRP in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Naina Bhuyan
2014-08-01
Conclusions: High hsCRP is a cheap, easily available laboratory marker to suspect fatty liver and possibly steatohepatitis in T2 Diabetics in our region. It can identify a subgroup of diabetic patients in whom liver biopsy may be advisable to confirm steatohepatitis which is important for prognosis and therefore need aggressive intervention. [Int J Res Med Sci 2014; 2(4.000: 1586-1590
10. The refinement of the surface layer of HS 7425 high speed tool steel by laser and electric arc plasma
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
W. Bochnowski
2008-10-01
Full Text Available The paper present two different techniques: laser remelting surface and plasma remelting surface of the high speed steel HS 7425. Thestructure of the remelted layers were examined by means of SEM – microscopy. Measurement of microhardness in remelting zone usingVickers method. The remelting zone consist of dendritic cells and columnar crystals. Increase of hardness was observed in remelted zonein comparison to the substrate of the steel. The hardness in the remelted zone increases with the increasing cooling rate.
11. DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF PROCALCITONIN, INTERLEUKIN-6 AND HS CRP IN PREDICTION OF EARLY-ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS
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alireza abdollahi
2012-05-01
Full Text Available Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidities and mortalities mostly remarkable in the third world nations .We aimed to assess the value of simultaneous measurement of procalcitonin (PCT and interleukin-6 (IL-6 in association with high sensitive- C reactive protein in prediction of early neonatal sepsis. We performed a follow- up study on 95 neonates who were below 12 hours (h of age, had clinical signs of sepsis or maternal risk factors for sepsis. Neonates were assigned to 4 groups including “proven early-onset sepsis”, “clinical early-onset sepsis”, “negative infectious status”, and “uncertain infectious status”. Blood samples were obtained within the first 12 h of birth repeated between 24 hours and 36 hours of age for determination of serum levels of PCT, IL-6, high sensitivie- C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP, and white blood cell (WBC count. On admission, neonates with sepsis had a higher WBC count, IL-6, PCT, and hs-CRP levels compared with those neonates without sepsis. This remained significant even after 12-24 hours of admission. Also, patients with clinical evidences of sepsis had a higher serum level of PCT and IL-6 within 12-24 hours after admission compared to the patients with uncertain sepsis. In final The combination of IL-6, hs-CRP, and PCT seems to be predictive in diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis.
12. Scoring correction for MMPI-2 Hs scale with patients experiencing a traumatic brain injury: a test of measurement invariance.
Science.gov (United States)
Alkemade, Nathan; Bowden, Stephen C; Salzman, Louis
2015-02-01
It has been suggested that MMPI-2 scoring requires removal of some items when assessing patients after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Gass (1991. MMPI-2 interpretation and closed head injury: A correction factor. Psychological assessment, 3, 27-31) proposed a correction procedure in line with the hypothesis that MMPI-2 endorsement may be affected by symptoms of TBI. This study assessed the validity of the Gass correction procedure. A sample of patients with a TBI (n = 242), and a random subset of the MMPI-2 normative sample (n = 1,786). The correction procedure implies a failure of measurement invariance across populations. This study examined measurement invariance of one of the MMPI-2 scales (Hs) that includes TBI correction items. A four-factor model of the MMPI-2 Hs items was defined. The factor model was found to meet the criteria for partial measurement invariance. Analysis of the change in sensitivity and specificity values implied by partial measurement invariance failed to indicate significant practical impact of partial invariance. Overall, the results support continued use of all Hs items to assess psychological well-being in patients with TBI. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].
13. GmHs1-1, encoding a calcineurin-like protein, controls hard-seededness in soybean.
Science.gov (United States)
Sun, Lianjun; Miao, Zhenyan; Cai, Chunmei; Zhang, Dajian; Zhao, Meixia; Wu, Yanyan; Zhang, Xueling; Swarm, Stephen A; Zhou, Liwen; Zhang, Zhanyuan J; Nelson, Randall L; Ma, Jianxin
2015-08-01
Loss of seed-coat impermeability was essential in the domestication of many leguminous crops to promote the production of their highly nutritious seeds. Here we show that seed-coat impermeability in wild soybean is controlled by a single gene, GmHs1-1, which encodes a calcineurin-like metallophosphoesterase transmembrane protein. GmHs1-1 is primarily expressed in the Malpighian layer of the seed coat and is associated with calcium content. The transition from impermeability to permeability in domesticated soybean was caused by artificial selection of a point mutation in GmHs1-1. Interestingly, a number of soybean landraces evaded selection for permeability because of an alternative selection for seed-coat cracking that also enables seed imbibition. Despite the single origin of the mutant allele Gmhs1-1, the distribution pattern of allelic variants in the context of soybean population structure and the detected signature of genomic introgression between wild and cultivated soybeans suggest that Gmhs1-1 may have experienced reselection for seed-coat permeability.
14. The cHS4 insulator increases the probability of retroviral expression at random chromosomal integration sites.
Science.gov (United States)
Rivella, S; Callegari, J A; May, C; Tan, C W; Sadelain, M
2000-05-01
Retroviruses are highly susceptible to transcriptional silencing and position effects imparted by chromosomal sequences at their integration site. These phenomena hamper the use of recombinant retroviruses as stable gene delivery vectors. As insulators are able to block promoter-enhancer interactions and reduce position effects in some transgenic animals, we examined the effect of an insulator on the expression and structure of randomly integrated recombinant retroviruses. We used the cHS4 element, an insulator from the chicken beta-like globin gene cluster, which has been shown to reduce position effects in transgenic Drosophila. A large panel of mouse erythroleukemia cells that bear a single copy of integrated recombinant retroviruses was generated without using drug selection. We show that the cHS4 increases the probability that integrated proviruses will express and dramatically decreases the level of de novo methylation of the 5' long terminal repeat. These findings support a primary role of methylation in the silencing of retroviruses and suggest that cHS4 could be useful in gene therapy applications to overcome silencing of retroviral vectors.
15. Sequence change in the HS2-LCR and Gg-globin gene promoter region of sickle cell anemia patients
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2008-02-01
Full Text Available The fetal hemoglobin (HbF levels and ßS-globin gene haplotypes of 125 sickle cell anemia patients from Brazil were investigated. We sequenced the Gg- and Ag-globin gene promoters and the DNase I-2 hypersensitive sites in the locus control regions (HS2-LCR of patients with HbF level disparities as compared to their ßS haplotypes. Sixty-four (51.2% patients had CAR/Ben genotype; 36 (28.8% Ben/Ben; 18 (14.4% CAR/CAR; 2 (1.6% CAR/Atypical; 2 (1.6% Ben/Cam; 1 (0.8% CAR/Cam; 1 (0.8% CAR/Arab-Indian, and 1 (0.8% Sen/Atypical. The HS2-LCR sequence analyses demonstrated a c.-10.677G>A change in patients with the Ben haplotype and high HbF levels. The Gg gene promoter sequence analyses showed a c.-157T>C substitution shared by all patients, and a c.-222_-225del related to the Cam haplotype. These results identify new polymorphisms in the HS2-LCR and Gg-globin gene promoter. Further studies are required to determine the correlation between HbF synthesis and the clinical profile of sickle cell anemia patients.
16. Analysis of the optical emission of the young precataclysmic variables HS 1857+5144 and ABELL 65
Science.gov (United States)
Shimansky, V. V.; Pozdnyakova, S. A.; Borisov, N. V.; Bikmaev, I. F.; Vlasyuk, V. V.; Spiridonova, O. I.; Galeev, A. I.; Mel'Nikov, S. S.
2009-10-01
We analyze the physical state and the properties of the close binary systems HS 1857+5144 and Abell 65. We took the spectra of both systems over a wide range of orbital phases with the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SAO RAS) and obtained their multicolor light curves with the RTT150 and Zeiss-1000 telescopes of the SAO RAS. We demonstrate that both Abell 65 and HS 1857+5144 are young precataclysmic variables (PV) with orbital periods of P orb = 1. d 003729 and P orb = 0. d 26633331, respectively. The observed brightness and spectral variations during the orbital period are due to the radiation of the cold component, which absorbs the short-wave radiation of the hot component and reemits it in the visual part of the spectrum. A joint analysis of the brightness and radial velocity curves allowed us to find the possible and optimum sets of their fundamental parameters. We found the luminosity excesses of the secondary components of HS 1857+5144 and Abell 65 with respect to the corresponding Main Sequence stars to be typical for such objects. The excess luminosities of the secondary components of all young PVs are indicative of their faster relaxation rate towards the quiescent state compared to the rates estimated in earlier studies.
17. HS3D, A Dataset of Homo Sapiens Splice Regions, and its Extraction Procedure from a Major Public Database
Science.gov (United States)
Pollastro, Pasquale; Rampone, Salvatore
The aim of this work is to describe a cleaning procedure of GenBank data, producing material to train and to assess the prediction accuracy of computational approaches for gene characterization. A procedure (GenBank2HS3D) has been defined, producing a dataset (HS3D - Homo Sapiens Splice Sites Dataset) of Homo Sapiens Splice regions extracted from GenBank (Rel.123 at this time). It selects, from the complete GenBank Primate Division, entries of Human Nuclear DNA according with several assessed criteria; then it extracts exons and introns from these entries (actually 4523 + 3802). Donor and acceptor sites are then extracted as windows of 140 nucleotides around each splice site (3799 + 3799). After discarding windows not including canonical GT-AG junctions (65 + 74), including insufficient data (not enough material for a 140 nucleotide window) (686 + 589), including not AGCT bases (29 + 30), and redundant (218 + 226), the remaining windows (2796 + 2880) are reported in the dataset. Finally, windows of false splice sites are selected by searching canonical GT-AG pairs in not splicing positions (271 937 + 332 296). The false sites in a range +/- 60 from a true splice site are marked as proximal. HS3D, release 1.2 at this time, is available at the Web server of the University of Sannio: http://www.sci.unisannio.it/docenti/rampone/.
18. 急性脑梗死患者血清MMP-2、MMP-9和hs-CRP检测的临床意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
王清峰
2010-01-01
目的 检测急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清中基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、MMP-9和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的表达,探讨其临床意义.方法 选取102例ACI患者作为观察组,40例健康查体者作为对照组,检测两组血清MMP-2、MMP-9和hs-CRP水平.结果 观察组MMP-2、MMP-9和hs-CRP表达显著高于对照组,且随梗死范围的增大而升高(P＜0.05);观察组MMP-9与hs-CRP的表达呈正相关(r=0.402,P＜0.05). 结论 MMP-2、MMP-9和hs-CRP在ACI的发生发展中可能起重要作用;MMP-9和hs-CRP可能具有协同作用,早期联合检测MMP-2、MMP-9和hs-CRP有助于判断脑梗死病变程度.
19. IMA、BNP和hsCRP在急性冠状动脉综合征早期诊断中的应用%Application of IMA,BNP and hsCRP in the diagnosis of early acute coronary syndromes
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李宁; 刘丰海; 郭庆波; 陈增生; 杨元铭; 臧葳
2015-01-01
目的：探讨缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）、B型尿钠肽（BNP）、超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）在急性冠脉综合征（ACS）早期诊断中的作用。方法来自青岛市立医院96例ACS患者作为治疗组，其中急性心肌梗死（AMI）42例，不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）54例，分别于胸痛发作2、4、6、12、18及24 h抽血，另选50名健康体检者作为对照组，两组均检测其IMA、BNP、hsCRP含量，评价这三项指标在ACS早期的应用价值。结果在急性冠状动脉综合征患者中IMA水平于胸痛发作2 h已明显增高，4 h仍持续增高，明显高于正常对照组（P＜0．05），6 h降至正常。BNP、hsCRP水平于胸痛发作2 h显著升高，于12 h达到峰值。结论 IMA、BNP、hsCRP的表达与ACS密切相关，在ACS早期诊断中具有很高的应用价值。%Objective To investigate the application of ischemia modified albumin (IMA),B-type natriuretic peptide and hypersensitive C-reactive protein in early diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes(ACS). Methods The 96 cases of ACS from Qingdao Municipal hospital,including 42 cases of acute myocardial infarction(AMI),54 cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Then their blood samples were collected at 2,4,6,12,18 and 24h after chest pain episode,50 healthy volunteers were as control;Detection of the content of IMA,BNP and hsCRP was done to give reasonable suggestions on the early diagnosis of ACS about them. Results At 2 hours after the onset of chest pain in patients with ACS,the level of IMA significantly increased;At 4 hours,it still increased and was significantly higher than that in control group until downing to normal at 6 hours. The BNP and hsCRP significantly increased at 2 hours,at 12 hours to reach peak. Conclusion The expression of IMA,BNP and hsCRP is closely related to ACS. It also has very high application value in the diagnosis of early ACS.
20. The plastidic DEAD-box RNA helicase 22, HS3, is essential for plastid functions both in seed development and in seedling growth.
Science.gov (United States)
Kanai, Masatake; Hayashi, Makoto; Kondo, Maki; Nishimura, Mikio
2013-09-01
Plants accumulate large amounts of storage products in seeds to provide an energy reserve and to supply nutrients for germination and post-germinative growth. Arabidopsis thaliana belongs to the Brassica family, and oil is the main storage product in Arabidopsis seeds. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of oil biosynthesis in seeds, we screened for high density seeds (heavy seed) that have a low oil content. HS3 (heavy seed 3) encodes the DEAD-box RNA helicase 22 that is localized to plastids. The triacylglycerol (TAG) content of hs3-1 seeds was 10% lower than that of wild-type (WT) seeds, while the protein content was unchanged. The hs3-1 plants displayed a pale-green phenotype in developing seeds and seedlings, but not in adult leaves. The HS3 expression level was high in developing seeds and seedlings, but was low in stems, rosette leaves and flowers. The plastid gene expression profile of WT developing seeds and seedlings differed from that of hs3-1 developing seeds and seedlings. The expression of several genes was reduced in developing hs3-1 seeds, including accD, a gene that encodes the β subunit of carboxyltransferase, which is one component of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in plastids. In contrast, no differences were observed between the expression profiles of WT and hs3-1 rosette leaves. These results show that HS3 is essential for proper mRNA accumulation of plastid genes during seed development and seedling growth, and suggest that HS3 ensures seed oil biosynthesis by maintaining plastid mRNA levels.
1. Application of SWAT-HS, a lumped hillslope model to simulate hydrology in the Cannonsville Reservoir watershed, New York
Science.gov (United States)
Hoang, Linh; Schneiderman, Elliot; Mukundan, Rajith; Moore, Karen; Owens, Emmet; Steenhuis, Tammo
2017-04-01
Surface runoff is the primary mechanism transporting substances such as sediments, agricultural chemicals, and pathogens to receiving waters. In order to predict runoff and pollutant fluxes, and to evaluate management practices, it is essential to accurately predict the areas generating surface runoff, which depend on the type of runoff: infiltration-excess runoff and saturation-excess runoff. The watershed of Cannonsville reservoir is part of the New York City water supply system that provides high quality drinking water to nine million people in New York City (NYC) and nearby communities. Previous research identified saturation-excess runoff as the dominant runoff mechanism in this region. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a promising tool to simulate the NYC watershed given its broad application and good performance in many watersheds with different scales worldwide, for its ability to model water quality responses, and to evaluate the effect of management practices on water quality at the watershed scale. However, SWAT predicts runoff based mainly on soil and land use characteristics, and implicitly considers only infiltration-excess runoff. Therefore, we developed a modified version of SWAT, referred to as SWAT-Hillslope (SWAT-HS), which explicitly simulates saturation-excess runoff by redefining Hydrological Response Units (HRUs) based on wetness classes with varying soil water storage capacities, and by introducing a surface aquifer with the ability to route interflow from "drier" to "wetter" wetness classes. SWAT-HS was first tested at Town Brook, a 37 km2 headwater watershed draining to the Cannonsville reservoir using a single sub-basin for the whole watershed. SWAT-HS performed well, and predicted streamflow yielded Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiencies of 0.68 and 0.87 at the daily and monthly time steps, respectively. More importantly, it predicted the spatial distribution of saturated areas accurately. Based on the good performance in the Town Brook
2. Relationship between hs-CRP, proMMP-1, TIMP-1 and coronary plaque morphology: intravascular ultrasound study
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
ZHANG Xing-wei; ZHOU Liang; YE Xian-hua; XU Jian; GE Jun-bo; YANG Jian-min; GE Lei; WANG Ning-fu; GAO Yan; LI Pei-zhang; PAN Hao; TONG Guo-xin
2006-01-01
Background Rupture of unstable plaque with subsequent thrombus formation is the common pathophysiological substrate of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is of potential significance to explore the blood indexes predicting plaque characteristics. Little studies have focused on this field. Therefore we investigated the relationship between hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), pro-matrix metalloproteinase-1 (proMMP-1),tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and coronary plaque morphology.Methods Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination was done in 152 patients with confirmed coronary heart disease before percutaneous coronary intervention from February 2003 to July 2005. Plasma samples of arterial blood were collected prior to the procedure. The level of hs-CRP, proMMP-1 and TIMP-1 were respectively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Unstable and ruptured plaque were found more frequently in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. External elastic membrane cross-sectional area (EEM CSA), plaque area, lipid pool area and plaque burden were significantly larger in ruptured and unstable plaque group. Positive remolding, thinner frequent in ruptured and unstable plaque group. The levels of plasma hs-CRP, proMMP-1 and TIMP-1 were higher in ruptured plaque group. hs-CRP＞8.94 mg/L was used to predict ruptured plaque with a ROC curve area of 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI), 67.0%-85.8%], sensitivity of 71.8%, specificity of 77.0% and accuracy of 69.2% (P＜0.01), similarly for proMMP-1＞0.12 ng/ml with a ROC curve area of 0.69 [95% CI, 58.2%-80.2%], sensitivity of 69.2%, specificity of 75.2% and accuracy of 66.2% (P＜0.01), and TIMP-1＞83.45 ng/ml with a ROC curve area of 0.67 [95% CI, 56.2%-78.3%], sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 61.9% and accuracy of 66.2% (P＜0.01).Conclusion The plaque characteristics correlate with the clinical presentation. The elevation of hs-CRP,proMMP-1 and
3. 血清HS-CRP LDL-C/HDL-C在冠心病中的临床意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
徐文星; 蒋廷波
2013-01-01
目的通过检测冠心病(CHD)患者体内超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平,研究HS-CRP与LDL-C/HDL-C冠心病及冠心病病变程度中的临床意义.方法根据冠状动脉(简称冠脉)造影结果的Gensini评分,将患者分为四组：(1)冠脉造影正常组(64例)：Gensini评分0分.(2)冠脉轻度病变组(61例)：Gensini评分30分.比较四组hS-CRP及LDL-C/HDL-C升高与冠心病的相关程度.结果冠心病组患者的hs-CRP浓度和LDL-C/HDL-C均显著高于冠脉正常组(P30),the forth group:the normal group(=0),and Measured their hs-CRP,LDL-C/HDL-C.Results The serum hs-CRP levels and LDL-C/HDL-C in patients with coronary heart disease were significantly increased than those in normal group(P<0.05).In addition,hS - CRP levels in coronary artery coronary moderate lesion group is significantly higher than mild coronary artery lesion group(P<0.05);Severe lesion group is significantly higher than coronary moderate lesion group(P<0.05).Conclusion hS-CRP and LDL-C/HDL-C and coronary artery lesions are closely related,and hS-CRP is associated with the severity of the disease(according to the Gensini score),which can be used as to coronary artery lesion degree of estimation index.Although the serum levels of LDL-C/HDL-C are closely related to coronary artery lesions, it is hard to predict the degree of pathological changes fully accordingly to the such index.
4. Locus control region HS2 point mutations are generally not responsible for elevated fetal hemoglobin expression of sickle cell patients
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gilman, J.G. [Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (United States); Brinson, E.C.; Milner, P.M. [Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (United States)] [and others
1994-09-01
The locus control region (LCR), composed of four hypersensitive sites (HS1-4) 5{prime} of the {epsilon} globin gene, confers strong, copy-number dependent expression on globin genes in transgenic mice. Several {beta}-globin gene cluster haplotypes carry the sickle cell gene, and show variable levels of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) expression in association with DNA sequence differences in HS2, {gamma} and {beta} globin promoters, and {gamma}IVSII: The Senegal (SEN or No. 3) haplotype generally has high (>10%) Hb F, Benin (BEN or No. 19) has intermediate Hb F (but some low and some high), and Banu (BAN or No. 20) generally has low Hb F. Huisman and colleagues have proposed that factors produced under conditions of hematopoietic stress, together with genetic determinants on the haplotype-3 like LCR sequences, allow for high level expression of {gamma} globin genes`. We have now used slot blot to screen high Hb F (>9.5%) and low Hb F cases for two of the three HS2 point mutations described by Oener et al. Comparing eight high Hb F BEN/BEN with two low Hb F BEN/BEN, all ten had the BEN mutations considered by Oener et al. to be associated with low Hb F. Comparing three high Hb F BEN/BAN with two low Hb F BEN/BAN, all five were heterozygous at three positions; this is consistent with BEN having G and T and BAN having A at both positions. DNA sequencing of HS2 for BAN, which is generally associated with low HB F, showed that the point mutations at all three positions were those seen in SEN (generally high Hb F); only the AT repeat region showed major differences, confirming results of Huisman and colleagues. Hence, if there is any effect of HS2 of the Senegal sickle cell haplotype in causing elevated Hb F under hematopoietic stress, it must be due to specific variation in the AT repeat region, which Oener et al. have suggested may bind a silencer.
5. Significance of IL-17 and hs-CRP detected in patients with acute aoronary syndrome%IL-17、hs-CRP联合检测在急性冠脉综合征中的意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
韦德宇; 丁晓梅; 苏浩; 胡昊; 陈东
2011-01-01
Aim To observe the changes of IL-17 and hs-CRP in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) ,and whether there was correlation between the two or not,and to investigate the relationship between IL-17 and the instability of plaque. Methods 113 patients were divided into 4 groups:40 cases with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ,31 cases with unstable angina (UA) ,18 patients with sta ble angina pectoris (SAP) ,and 24 patients with chest pain syndrome (CPS). All were taken blood from immediately after admission in, and centrifugal samples stored in -80℃ refrigerator to detect the serum levels of IL-17,hs-CRP,cTNI,CK-MB by ELISA. Results AMI and UA in peripheral blood levels of IL-17 [ (37.04 ± 9.92) , (30.11 ± 5.67) ng · L -1 ] were significantly higher than the SAP (20.95 ± 5.08) ng · L -1 and the CPS ( 15.81 ± 7.65) ng · L -1 (P ＜ 0.01). Levels of hs-CRP in AMI and UA [ (39.21 ± 14.42), ( 11.57 ± 3.71) mg · L -1 ] ,were significantly higher than the SAP (3.53 ± 4.45) mg · L -1 and the CPS gr(2.94 ± 3.97) mg · L -1 (P ＜ 0.05). IL-17 and hs-CRP were positively correlated(r 0. 364,P ＜ 0. 001). Conclusion The serum levels of IL-17 were significantly increased and was positively correlated with hs-CRP. We suggested that IL-17 becorrelated with the instability of atheroscle rotic plaque,and also involved in the pathogenesis of ACS.%目的 观察IL-17、hs-CRP在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血清中的水平变化,同时观察两者是否存在相关性,推测IL-17与斑块不稳定性的关系.方法 选择113例患者分为四组:急性心肌梗死(AMI)40例,不稳定型心绞痛(UA)31例,稳定型心绞痛(SAP)18例,胸痛综合征(CPS)24例.患者入院后立即留取静脉血标本离心,存于-80℃的冰箱,采用ELISA法集中检测患者血清中的IL-17、hs-CRP、cTNI、CK-MB水平.结果 AMI组和UA组外周血清IL-17水平分别为(37.04±9.92)、(30.11±5.67)ng·L-1,明显高于SAP组的(20.95±5.08)ng·L-1和CPS组(15.81±7.65)ng
6. Periodontal Status in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Fg and hs-CRP Correlation.%冠心病患者的牙周状况与Fg和hs-CRP相关性的研究
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
钟慧敏; 常春荣; 张建全; 俞宁; 潘亚萍
2011-01-01
目的:通过牙周临床检查和血生化指标检测,观察冠心病患者的牙周状况,探讨纤维蛋白原和高敏C反应蛋白在两者间的相关关系.方法:按照冠心病及慢性牙周炎临床诊断标准随机选择200名研究对象,年龄35～80岁,分为急性冠脉综合征(ACS)组50人,慢性冠脉病(CAD)组50人,单纯慢性牙周炎(CP)组50人,健康(H)对照组50人,每组都进行牙周探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失度(CAL)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)和简化卫生指数(OHI-S)检查,采集清晨静脉血检测Fg和hs-CRP水平.结果:PD、CAL、OHI-S在ACS组中最高,与CP组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.001);SBI在CAD组中最高,ACS组与CP组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.001);Fg和hs-CRP在ACS组中测定值最高,与CP组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);血生化指标Fg和hs-CRP的水平与牙周临床指标PD、CAL、SBI、OHI-S比较呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论:冠心病患者无论是急性期还是稳定期牙周状况都比单纯慢性牙周炎患者严重;PD、CAL、OHI-S的升高可引起血清中Fg和hs-CRP水平的变化,牙周临床指标的改变可能与冠心病的急性发作和加重冠心病病程有关.%Objective: To observe the periodontal condition in patients with coronary heart disease and relationship between hs-CRP and Fg by periodontal clinical examination and serum biochemical parameters.Methods: The selected 200 subjects were aged 35-89 years old.A group of acute coronary syndrome was 50 persons.A group of chronic coronary artery disease was 50 persons.A group of simple chronic periodonititis was 50 persons.A healthy control group was 50 persons.Each group was checked probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss degrees (CAL), gingival sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and simplified health index (OHI-S).They were also collected blood in the morning to test the levels of hs-CRP and Fg, compared the levels of periodontal clinical parameters and difference between Fg and hs-CRP.Results: PD, CAL, OHI
7. 新核素~(263)Hs,~(260)Bh及其α衰变链上核素的半衰期%Half-lives of the newly synthesized nuclei in ~(263)Hs and ~(260)Bh α-decay chains
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
苏昕宁; 张鸿飞; 左维; 李君清
2009-01-01
The tunneling probability of potential barrier of the newly synthesized superheavy nuclei starting from ~(263)Hs and ~(260)Bh was calculated with the Generalized Liquid Drop Model (GLDM) connected with WKB approximation and their half-lives studied. The calculated results that are in agreement with the experimental data show that the α-decay half-lives of superheavy nuclei with the Generalized Liquid Drop Model connecting with WKB approximation can be successfully, applied in the study of superheavy nuclei and describe the α-decay of superheavy nuclei. The results also indicate that the syntheses of new nuclei ~(260)Bh and ~(263)Hs and the measurements of their α-decay half-lives are reliable.%运用推广的液滴模型(GLDM)并结合量子力学中的WKB方法计算了新核素~(263)Hs,~(260)Bh及其α衰变链上各核素的势垒贯穿概率,对该链上各原子核的α衰变半衰期进行了研究.计算结果表明:利用推广的液滴模型结合WKB方法计算出的α衰变半衰期可以很好地符合在超重核区的实验值,验证了推广的液滴模型在超重核区的适用性,能够很好地描述超重核的α衰变.同时,计算表明新核素~(260)Bh和~(263)Hs的合成及其半衰期的测量是可靠的.
8. Hs-exosomes致敏树突状细胞介导的抗卵巢癌免疫治疗的实验研究
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张峰琴
2012-01-01
目的检测卵巢癌细胞的外排小体Hs-exosomes致敏树突状细胞DC诱导T淋巴细胞CTL特异性杀伤卵巢癌细胞的能力。方法:分离卵巢癌细胞株2780释放的Hs-exosomes,将其致敏DC并与T淋巴细胞共培养,检测CTL体外细胞毒活性。结果:Hs-exosomes致敏DC激活CTL的抗肿瘤能力显著高于未致敏DC组。结论:2780细胞释放的Hs-exosomes致敏DC激活T淋巴细胞对肿瘤具有很强的杀伤作用。
9. Transitioning high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) into routine diagnostic use: More than just a sensitivity issue
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
Lee, Graham R
2016-04-01
High sensitivity cardiac troponin T and I (hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI) assays show analytical, diagnostic and prognostic improvement over contemporary sensitive cTn assays. However, given the importance of troponin in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, implementing this test requires rigorous analytical and clinical verification across the total testing pathway. This was the aim of this study.
10. A comparison of osteoprotegerin with adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a marker for insulin resistance.
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
O'Sullivan, Eoin P
2013-01-01
Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with low adiponectin and elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) has been shown to be elevated in type 2 diabetes, but whether it reflects underlying IR is unclear. We aimed to compare the ability of serum OPG with adiponectin and hsCRP to act as a marker for IR in individuals with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance.
11. Kinetics and time dependence of the differential agglutination of acetone [AC]- and formalin [HS]-fixed Toxoplasma tachyzoites by serum of mice with experimental toxoplasmosis.
Science.gov (United States)
Ali, Nehad Mahmoud; Habib, Khaled Sayed Mohamed
2012-04-01
Researches to specify a serologic diagnostic test capable of determining the stage of toxoplasmosis, whether recent or latent, have been hampered by lack of knowing the real time of infection. Studying the precise kinetics of the differential agglutination of acetone [AC]-fixed versus that of formalin [HS]-fixed tachyzoites (differential agglutination test or AC/HS test) by sera of mice during the course of toxoplasmosis and assessment of its value in the differentiation between recent and latent infections in mice were the aims of the present work. Experimental toxoplasmosis was induced in mice, sera were collected sequentially and AC/HS test, FAST-ELISA to determine levels of IgM and IgG and microscopic examination of brain for Toxoplasma cysts were done. Both AC and HS specific patterns in the AC/HS test were noted to be dependent on the time from the onset of infection. Acute patterns of the AC/HS test were observed early in infection till before the appearance of brain cysts. Non-acute patterns were obtained late on 28th day post infection coinciding with the disappearance of IgM, persistence of IgG and presence of cysts in brains. The AC antibody was high in the recent phase of infection, and then it declined to be replaced by high sustained level of HS antibody late in infection. In conclusion, in the presence of both IgM and IgG, the appearance of either equivocal pattern or the non-acute pattern in the AC/HS test is significant in ruling out acute infection in mice.
12. Interference of Co-Amplified Nuclear Mitochondrial DNA Sequences on the Determination of Human mtDNA Heteroplasmy by Using the SURVEYOR Nuclease and the WAVE HS System
OpenAIRE
Hsiu-Chuan Yen; Shiue-Li Li; Wei-Chien Hsu; Petrus Tang
2014-01-01
High-sensitivity and high-throughput mutation detection techniques are useful for screening the homoplasmy or heteroplasmy status of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), but might be susceptible to interference from nuclear mitochondrial DNA sequences (NUMTs) co-amplified during polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, we first evaluated the platform of SURVEYOR Nuclease digestion of heteroduplexed DNA followed by the detection of cleaved DNA by using the WAVE HS System (SN/WAVE-HS) for detectin...
13. Mitochondrial HMG to CoA synthase (mHS): cDNA cloning in human, mouse and C. elegans, mapping to human chromosome 1p12-13 and partial human genomic cloning
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Boukaftane, Y.; Robert, M.F.; Mitchell, G.A. [Hopital Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec (Canada)]|[Kingston General Hospital, Ontario (Canada)] [and others
1994-09-01
mHS catalyzes the rate-limiting first step of ketogenesis in the liver. A cytoplasmic HS isozyme, encoded by another gene, catalyzes an early step in cholesterol synthesis. Starting from a rat mHS cDNA obtained by RT-PCR from the published rat cDNA sequence, we obtained and sequenced human and mouse cDNAs spanning the entire coding sequence of natural human and mouse mHS, as well as sequencing C. elegans HS-like cDNA. Consensus sequences for 3 mitochondrial and 4 cytoplasmic HSs were created and compared to invertebrate HS sequences. We found high conversation in the active site and at other regions presumably important for HS function. We mapped the mHS locus, HMGCS2 by in situ hybridization to chromosome 1P12-13, in contrast to the human cHS locus (HMGCS1) known to be on chromosome 5p13. Comparative mapping results suggest that these two chromosomal regions may be contiguous in other species, constant with a recent gene duplication event. Furthermore, we have characterized a human genomic mHS subclone containing 4 mHS exons, and found the position of all splice junctions to be identical to that of the hamster cHS gene except for one site in the 3{prime} nontranslated region. We calculate that the mHS and cHS genes were derived from a common ancestor 400-700 Myrs ago, implying that ketogenesis from fat may have become possible around the time of emergence of vertebrates ({approximately}500 Myr ago). Ketogenesis has evolved into an important pathway of energy metabolism, and we predict the mHS deficiency may prove to be responsible for some as yet explained cases of Reye-like syndromes in humans. This hypothesis can now be tested at the molecular level without the necessity of obtaining hepatic tissue.
14. Galectin 1 Proangiogenic and Promigratory Effects in the Hs683 Oligodendroglioma Model Are Partly Mediated through the Control of BEX2 Expression
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marie Le Mercier
2009-05-01
Full Text Available We have previously reported that galectin 1 (Gal-1 plays important biological roles in astroglial as well as in oligodendroglial cancer cells. As an oligodendroglioma model, we make use of the Hs683 cell line that has been previously extensively characterized at cell biology, molecular biology, and genetic levels. Galectin 1 has been shown to be involved in Hs683 oligodendroglioma chemoresistance, neoangiogenesis, and migration. Down-regulating Gal-1 expression in Hs683 cells through targeted small interfering RNA provokes a marked decrease in the expression of the brain-expressed X-linked gene: BEX2. Accordingly, the potential role of BEX2 in Hs683 oligodendroglioma cell biology has been investigated. The data presented here reveal that decreasing BEX2 expression in Hs683 cells increases the survival of Hs683 orthotopic xenograft-bearing mice. Furthermore, this decrease in BEX2 expression impairs vasculogenic mimicry channel formation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo, and modulates glioma cell adhesion and invasive features through the modification of several genes previously reported to play a role in cancer cell migration, including MAP2, plexin C1, SWAP70, and integrin β6. We thus conclude that BEX2 is implicated in oligodendroglioma biology.
15. Galectin 1 Proangiogenic and Promigratory Effects in the Hs683 Oligodendroglioma Model Are Partly Mediated through the Control of BEX2 Expression1
Science.gov (United States)
Mercier, Marie Le; Fortin, Shannon; Mathieu, Véronique; Roland, Isabelle; Spiegl-Kreinecker, Sabine; Haibe-Kains, Benjamin; Bontempi, Gianluca; Decaestecker, Christine; Berger, Walter; Lefranc, Florence; Kiss, Robert
2009-01-01
We have previously reported that galectin 1 (Gal-1) plays important biological roles in astroglial as well as in oligodendroglial cancer cells. As an oligodendroglioma model, we make use of the Hs683 cell line that has been previously extensively characterized at cell biology, molecular biology, and genetic levels. Galectin 1 has been shown to be involved in Hs683 oligodendroglioma chemoresistance, neoangiogenesis, and migration. Down-regulating Gal-1 expression in Hs683 cells through targeted small interfering RNA provokes a marked decrease in the expression of the brain-expressed X-linked gene: BEX2. Accordingly, the potential role of BEX2 in Hs683 oligodendroglioma cell biology has been investigated. The data presented here reveal that decreasing BEX2 expression in Hs683 cells increases the survival of Hs683 orthotopic xenograft-bearing mice. Furthermore, this decrease in BEX2 expression impairs vasculogenic mimicry channel formation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo, and modulates glioma cell adhesion and invasive features through the modification of several genes previously reported to play a role in cancer cell migration, including MAP2, plexin C1, SWAP70, and integrin β6. We thus conclude that BEX2 is implicated in oligodendroglioma biology. PMID:19412433
16. Galectin 1 proangiogenic and promigratory effects in the Hs683 oligodendroglioma model are partly mediated through the control of BEX2 expression.
Science.gov (United States)
Le Mercier, Marie; Fortin, Shannon; Mathieu, Véronique; Roland, Isabelle; Spiegl-Kreinecker, Sabine; Haibe-Kains, Benjamin; Bontempi, Gianluca; Decaestecker, Christine; Berger, Walter; Lefranc, Florence; Kiss, Robert
2009-05-01
We have previously reported that galectin 1 (Gal-1) plays important biological roles in astroglial as well as in oligodendroglial cancer cells. As an oligodendroglioma model, we make use of the Hs683 cell line that has been previously extensively characterized at cell biology, molecular biology, and genetic levels. Galectin 1 has been shown to be involved in Hs683 oligodendroglioma chemoresistance, neoangiogenesis, and migration. Down-regulating Gal-1 expression in Hs683 cells through targeted small interfering RNA provokes a marked decrease in the expression of the brain-expressed X-linked gene: BEX2. Accordingly, the potential role of BEX2 in Hs683 oligodendroglioma cell biology has been investigated. The data presented here reveal that decreasing BEX2 expression in Hs683 cells increases the survival of Hs683 orthotopic xenograft-bearing mice. Furthermore, this decrease in BEX2 expression impairs vasculogenic mimicry channel formation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo, and modulates glioma cell adhesion and invasive features through the modification of several genes previously reported to play a role in cancer cell migration, including MAP2, plexin C1, SWAP70, and integrin beta(6). We thus conclude that BEX2 is implicated in oligodendroglioma biology.
17. A potent and Kv1.3-selective analogue of the scorpion toxin HsTX1 as a potential therapeutic for autoimmune diseases
Science.gov (United States)
Rashid, M. Harunur; Huq, Redwan; Tanner, Mark R.; Chhabra, Sandeep; Khoo, Keith K.; Estrada, Rosendo; Dhawan, Vikas; Chauhan, Satendra; Pennington, Michael W.; Beeton, Christine; Kuyucak, Serdar; Norton, Raymond S.
2014-03-01
HsTX1 toxin, from the scorpion Heterometrus spinnifer, is a 34-residue, C-terminally amidated peptide cross-linked by four disulfide bridges. Here we describe new HsTX1 analogues with an Ala, Phe, Val or Abu substitution at position 14. Complexes of HsTX1 with the voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.3 and Kv1.1 were created using docking and molecular dynamics simulations, then umbrella sampling simulations were performed to construct the potential of mean force (PMF) of the ligand and calculate the corresponding binding free energy for the most stable configuration. The PMF method predicted that the R14A mutation in HsTX1 would yield a > 2 kcal/mol gain for the Kv1.3/Kv1.1 selectivity free energy relative to the wild-type peptide. Functional assays confirmed the predicted selectivity gain for HsTX1[R14A] and HsTX1[R14Abu], with an affinity for Kv1.3 in the low picomolar range and a selectivity of more than 2,000-fold for Kv1.3 over Kv1.1. This remarkable potency and selectivity for Kv1.3, which is significantly up-regulated in activated effector memory cells in humans, suggest that these analogues represent valuable leads in the development of therapeutics for autoimmune diseases.
18. Apoferritin-templated biosynthesis of manganese nanoparticles and investigation of direct electron transfer of MnNPs-HsAFr at modified glassy carbon electrode.
Science.gov (United States)
2017-01-01
Manganese nanoparticles (MnNPs) were created within horse spleen apoferritin (HsAFr) cavity nanotemplates. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the particle size to be 6 nm. Intrinsic fluorescence data showed that the mineralization acted as a quencher of the HsAFr fluorescence, and extrinsic fluorescence data revealed that the hydrophobic binding site at the surface of HsAFr was not changed. Finally, the MnNP-HsAFr was immobilized onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes entrapped into chitosan (CS) matrices by through sequential 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide-N-hydroxysuccinimide and glutaraldehyde coupling. The MnNPs-HsAFr immobilized on CNT-CS/GC electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. This charge transfer coefficient (α) and the exchange current (i0 ) of MnNPs-HsAFr immobilized on modified electrode in 0.1 M phosphate solution (pH 7.5) were found to be 0.57 and 0.48 μA, respectively. © 2015 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
19. hs-CRP检测在儿童感染性疾病诊断中的临床应用价值
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
邹尚敏
2014-01-01
目的:探讨超敏C反应蛋白(HS-CRP)对儿童感染性疾病的诊断意义.方法:选择215例感染性疾病患儿,其中细菌感染组112例,病毒感染组103例,检测两组患儿血清中hs-CRP浓度.结果:病毒感染组hs-CRP值平均为(3.47±2.15)mg/L,细菌感染组hs-CRP平均值为(44.74±12.83)mg/L,两组患儿hs-CRP浓度比较有统计学差异(P＜0.01).结论:hs-CRP检测可迅速对细菌感染和病毒感染做出判断,可作为诊断和鉴别诊断儿科感染性疾病的有效指标.
20. Accurate double many-body expansion potential energy surface of HS2A2A‧) by scaling the external correlation
Science.gov (United States)
Lu-Lu, Zhang; Yu-Zhi, Song; Shou-Bao, Gao; Yuan, Zhang; Qing-Tian, Meng
2016-05-01
A globally accurate single-sheeted double many-body expansion potential energy surface is reported for the first excited state of HS2 by fitting the accurate ab initio energies, which are calculated at the multireference configuration interaction level with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set. By using the double many-body expansion-scaled external correlation method, such calculated ab initio energies are then slightly corrected by scaling their dynamical correlation. A grid of 2767 ab initio energies is used in the least-square fitting procedure with the total root-mean square deviation being 1.406 kcal·mol-1. The topographical features of the HS2(A2A‧) global potential energy surface are examined in detail. The attributes of the stationary points are presented and compared with the corresponding ab initio results as well as experimental and other theoretical data, showing good agreement. The resulting potential energy surface of HS2(A2A‧) can be used as a building block for constructing the global potential energy surfaces of larger S/H molecular systems and recommended for dynamic studies on the title molecular system. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11304185), the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province, China, the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. ZR2014AM022), the Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program, China (Grant No. J15LJ03), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2014M561957), and the Post-doctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. 201402013).
1. HS-SPME-GC×GC-qMS volatile metabolite profiling of Chrysolina herbacea frass and Mentha spp. leaves.
Science.gov (United States)
Cordero, Chiara; Zebelo, Simon Atsbaha; Gnavi, Giorgio; Griglione, Alessandra; Bicchi, Carlo; Maffei, Massimo E; Rubiolo, Patrizia
2012-02-01
Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography combined with quadrupole-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS) with dedicated comparative data elaboration was applied to separate chemical patterns arising from the interaction between some Mentha species and the herbivore Chrysolina herbacea, also known as the mint bug. Upon feeding on different Mentha species (Mentha spicata L., Mentha × piperita L. and Mentha longifolia L.), C. herbacea produced frass (faeces) which were characterized by a typical volatile fraction. HS-SPME GC×GC-qMS analysis of the complex volatile fraction of both mint leaf and C. herbacea frass was submitted to advanced fingerprinting analysis of 2D chromatographic data. 1,8-Cineole, found in the leaves of all the Mentha species examined, was oxidized, and C. herbacea frass yielded high rates of several hydroxy-1,8-cineoles, including 2α-hydroxy-, 3α-hydroxy-, 3β-hydroxy- and 9-hydroxy-1,8-cineole. Upon insect feeding, several unknown oxidized monoterpenes, a p-menthane diol and three unknown phenylpropanoids were also detected in the frass volatiles. In M. longifolia, the occurrence of the monoterpene piperitenone oxide was found to be toxic and associated with insect death. The results of this work show that high throughput techniques such as HS-SPME and GC×GC-qMS fingerprint analysis are ideal tools to analyze complex volatile matrices, and provide a sensitive method for the direct comparison and chemical visualization of plant and insect emitted volatile components.
2. Spatial dose distributions in solid tumors from {sup 186}Re transported by liposomes using HS radiochromic media
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Medina, Luis A.; Rodriguez-Villafuerte, Mercedes; Martinez-Davalos, Arnulfo; Galvan, Olga O.; Brandan, Maria-Ester [Instituto de Fisica, UNAM, A.P. 20-364, Mexico (Mexico); Goins, Beth; Awasthi, Vibhudutta; Santoyo, Cristina; Phillips, William T. [University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Radiology, San Antonio, TX (United States); Bao, Ande [University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Radiology, San Antonio, TX (United States); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio, TX (United States)
2007-07-15
A procedure for the measurement of spatial dose rate distribution of beta particles emitted by {sup 186}Re-liposomes in tumoral tissue, using HS GafChromic films, is presented. HNSCC xenografts were intratumorally injected with 3.7 or 11.1 MBq of {sup 186}Re-liposomes, and planar gamma camera images were acquired to determine the liposome retention in the tumor. After imaging, rats were sacrificed and tumors were excised and processed in slices; HS film sections were placed between slices and the tumor lobe was reassembled. Tumors and films were kept in the dark at 4 C for 18 h. After irradiation, films were removed and response was read using a transmission scanner. Films were analyzed to determine two-dimensional spatial dose rate distributions and cumulative dose volume histograms. Dose rate distributions were quantified using a {sup 60}Co calibration curve, the {sup 186}Re physical half-life, and a perturbation factor that takes into account the effect of the film protective layer. Dose rate distributions are highly heterogeneous with maximal dose rates about 0.4 Gy h{sup -1} in tumors injected with 3.7 MBq and 1.3 Gy h{sup -1} in tumors injected with 11.1 MBq. Dose volume histograms showed dose distributed in more than 95% and 80% of the tumor when injected with the lower and the higher activity, respectively. The described procedures and techniques have shown the potential and utility of HS GafChromic film for determination of dose rate distributions in solid tumors injected intratumorally with {sup 186}Re-liposomes. The film's structure and the liposomes' biodistribution must be taken into account to obtain quantitative dose measurements. (orig.)
3. Evaluating the successful implementation of evidence into practice using the PARiHS framework: theoretical and practical challenges
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
McCormack Brendan
2008-01-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background The PARiHS framework (Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services has proved to be a useful practical and conceptual heuristic for many researchers and practitioners in framing their research or knowledge translation endeavours. However, as a conceptual framework it still remains untested and therefore its contribution to the overall development and testing of theory in the field of implementation science is largely unquantified. Discussion This being the case, the paper provides an integrated summary of our conceptual and theoretical thinking so far and introduces a typology (derived from social policy analysis used to distinguish between the terms conceptual framework, theory and model – important definitional and conceptual issues in trying to refine theoretical and methodological approaches to knowledge translation. Secondly, the paper describes the next phase of our work, in particular concentrating on the conceptual thinking and mapping that has led to the generation of the hypothesis that the PARiHS framework is best utilised as a two-stage process: as a preliminary (diagnostic and evaluative measure of the elements and sub-elements of evidence (E and context (C, and then using the aggregated data from these measures to determine the most appropriate facilitation method. The exact nature of the intervention is thus determined by the specific actors in the specific context at a specific time and place. In the process of refining this next phase of our work, we have had to consider the wider issues around the use of theories to inform and shape our research activity; the ongoing challenges of developing robust and sensitive measures; facilitation as an intervention for getting research into practice; and finally to note how the current debates around evidence into practice are adopting wider notions that fit innovations more generally. Summary The paper concludes by suggesting that the future
4. Ecodesign - How to Unfold the Potential Synergy between the EuP, WEEE and RoHS Directives
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Andersen, Rikke Dorothea; Remmen, Arne
Product Policy (IPP). The approach aims at promoting measures to reduce the environmental impacts of products. Since the IPP approach was introduced around 2000, several instruments have been implemented; the RoHS, WEEE and the EuP Directive as well as the European ecolabel and the Energy labelling...... Directive. The focus of this paper is the potential synergy between the three normative, so-called eco-design directives, and to what extent the EU has accomplished to integrate eco-design in the different directives and voluntary instruments....
5. A novel erythromycin resistance plasmid from Bacillus sp. strain HS24, isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Teresa M Barbosa
Full Text Available A better understanding of the origin and natural reservoirs of resistance determinants is fundamental to efficiently tackle antibiotic resistance. This paper reports the identification of a novel 5.8 kb erythromycin resistance plasmid, from Bacillus sp. HS24 isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans. pBHS24B has a mosaic structure and carries the erythromycin resistance gene erm(T. This is the first report of an erythromycin resistance plasmid from a sponge associated bacteria and of the Erm(T determinant in the genus Bacillus.
6. Heat perception and aversive learning in honey bees: putative involvement of the thermal/chemical sensor AmHsTRPA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pierre eJunca
2015-11-01
Full Text Available The recent development of the olfactory conditioning of the sting extension response (SER has provided new insights into the mechanisms of aversive learning in honeybees. However, until now, very little information has been obtained concerning US detection and perception in this aversive conditioning. In the initial version of SER conditioning, bees learned to associate an odor CS with an electric shock US. Recently, we proposed a modified version of SER conditioning, in which thermal stimulation with a heated probe is used as US. This procedure has the advantage of allowing topical US applications virtually everywhere on the honeybee body. In this study, we made use of this possibility and mapped thermal responsiveness on the honeybee body, by measuring workers' SER after applying heat on 41 different structures. We then show that bees can learn the CS-US association even when the heat US is applied on body structures that are not prominent sensory organs, here the vertex (back of the head and the ventral abdomen. Next, we used a neuropharmalogical approach to evaluate the potential role of a recently described Transient Receptor Potential (TRP channel, HsTRPA, on peripheral heat detection by bees. First, we applied HsTRPA activators
7. Quality changes during storage of cooked and sliced meat products measured with PTR-MS and HS-GC-MS.
Science.gov (United States)
Holm, E S; Adamsen, A P S; Feilberg, A; Schäfer, A; Løkke, M M; Petersen, M A
2013-10-01
The changes in the VOC composition of industrially produced saveloy were measured with Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass-Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and HeadSpace Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) during a six weeks storage period. A decrease in the volatile organic compounds contributing to the fresh aroma of saveloy was the main change observed with both PTR-MS and HS-GC-MS. Samples of four other types of cooked and sliced meat product were measured with PTR-MS in the middle and at the end of the four week shelf-life period. These measurements showed an increase in m/z 69, 71, 87 and 89 for the pork loin and in m/z 61 for the herbal saveloy samples. These ions were assigned to the microbial spoilage markers: acetic acid, 2- and 3-methylbutanol, 2- and 3-methylbutanal, diacetyl and acetoin. Overall, this study shows that PTR-MS has potential for quality control of cooked and sliced meat products. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
8. Volatile profile analysis and quality prediction of Longjing tea (Camellia sinensis) by HS-SPME/GC-MS
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Jie LIN; Yi DAI; Ya-nan GUO; Hai-rong XU; Xiao-chang WANG
2012-01-01
This study aimed to analyze the volatile chemical profile of Longjing tea,and further develop a prediction model for aroma quality of Longjing tea based on potent odorants.A total of 21 Longjing samples were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Pearson's linear correlation analysis and partial least square (PLS) regression were applied to investigate the relationship between sensory aroma scores and the volatile compounds.Results showed that 60 volatile compounds could be commonly detected in this famous green tea.Terpenes and esters were two major groups characterized,representing 33.89％ and 15.53％ of the total peak area respectively.Ten compounds were determined to contribute significantly to the perceived aroma quality of Longjing tea,especially linalool (0.701),nonanal (0.738),(Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate (-0.785),and β-ionone (-0.763).On the basis of these 10 compounds,a model (correlation coefficient of 89.4％ and cross-validated correlation coefficient of 80.4％) was constructed to predict the aroma quality of Longjing tea.Summarily,this study has provided a novel option for quality prediction of green tea based on HS-SPME/GC-MS technique.
9. Degradation of phenanthrene by Novosphingobium sp. HS2a improved plant growth in PAHs-contaminated environments.
Science.gov (United States)
Rodriguez-Conde, Sara; Molina, Lázaro; González, Paola; García-Puente, Alicia; Segura, Ana
2016-12-01
At the same time that the European Union (EU) policy recommend to direct efforts towards reductions of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mining residues, there is the need to increase the cultivable areas within Europe to cope with the increasing demands for food and energy crops. Bioremediation is a good technique for the restoration of contaminated soils; however, it has not been used extensively because of the variability of the outcome. This variability is frequently due to a bad establishment of foreign degrading populations in soil. We have demonstrated that Novosphingobium sp. HS2aR (i) is able to compete with other root colonizers and with indigenous bacteria, (ii) is able to establish in high numbers in the contaminated environments and (iii) is able to remove more than 90 % of the extractable phenanthrene in artificially contaminated soils. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the capacity to remove phenanthrene is linked to the ability to promote plant growth in contaminated environments. The fact that the presence of Novosphingobium sp. HS2aR improves the growth of plants in contaminated soil suggests that it may be a useful strain for utilization in amelioration of soil quality while improving the growth of economically important energy crops, thus adding value to the bioremediation strategy.
10. Effect of hs-CRP level and nutritional status on pulmonary function in patients with maintenance hemodialysis
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Ru Lei
2016-01-01
Objective:To explore the effect of hs-CRP level and nutritional status on the pulmonary function in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: A total of 30 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) who were admitted in our hospital from August, 2014 to August, 2015 for hemodialysis were included in the study. A volume of 4mL morning fasting elbow venous blood before and after hemodialysis was extracted, and was then centrifuged for serum. The levels of Hb, Alb, and PA were detected. VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and MMEF were determined. Results: The levels of Hb, Alb, and PA after hemodialysis were significantly higher than those before hemodialysis (P<0.05). VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and MMEF after hemodialysis were significantly improved when compared with before treatment (P<0.05). The comparison of VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and MMEF among patients with different levels of hs-CRP was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions:The reduction of pulmonary function in different degrees exists in MHD patients. MHD is kind of effective method to improve the pulmonary function in patients with CRF. The effective improvement of nutritional status and the reduction of in vivo inflammatory reaction in patients with CRF in the clinic can relieve the deterioration of pulmonary function to a certain degree so that to improve the ventilation function and enhance the living quality.
11. HS-SPME-GC-MS ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE AND SEMI-VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM DRIED LEAVES OF Mikania glomerata Sprengel
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Esmeraldo A. Cappelaro
2015-03-01
Full Text Available This paper reports on the identification of volatile and semi-volatile compounds and a comparison of the chromatographic profiles obtained by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry detection (HS-SPME-GC-MS of dried leaves of Mikania glomerata Sprengel (Asteraceae, also known as 'guaco.' Three different types of commercial SPME fibers were tested: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB and polyacrylate (PA. Fifty-nine compounds were fully identified by HS-SPME-HRGC-MS, including coumarin, a marker for the quality control of guaco-based phytomedicines; most of the other identified compounds were mono- and sesquiterpenes. PA fibers performed better in the analysis of coumarin, while PDMS-DVB proved to be the best choice for a general and non-selective analysis of volatile and semi-volatile guaco-based compounds. The SPME method is faster and requires a smaller sample than conventional hydrodistillation of essential oils, providing a general overview of the volatile and semi-volatile compounds of M. glomerata.
12. Metafore spaziali della conoscenza di sé nei dialoghi di H.S. Skovoroda. Fonti patristiche
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria Grazia Bartolini
2009-01-01
Full Text Available Spatial Metaphors for Self-knowledge in the dialogues of H.S Skovoroda. Patristic Sources In this paper the Author analyzes some spatial metaphors informing H.S. Skovoroda’s representation of self-knowledge as a dynamic process. Knowledge of the true self – which is one of the recurring themes in the Ukrainian philosopher’s oeuvre – is often portrayed as tension between open (e.g. streets, markets, the sky, the planets… and closed spaces (e.g. the house, the room, with the ‘home’ being a symbol for the soul. As man seeking communion with God has to abandon what lies outside his inner self, the authentic gnoseological process is represented as an introverted movement through symbolic space. Broadly speaking, this very opposition harks back to Philo of Alexandria and Patristic thought, whose anti-physicist stance shaped their rejection of the phenomenological world as an ‘interior vs. exterior’ contrast. Furthermore, the broader biblical context in which those spatial terms appear is also taken into account, while demonstrating Skovoroda’s partial dependence on Patristic models. The fi nal part of the paper argues that the scheme underlying Neo-platonic emanation – which is itself to be considered as an oscillation between unity and dispersion – appears to be a symbolic model for Skovoroda’s spatial representation of self-knowledge.
13. hs-CRP is strongly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD): A data mining approach using decision tree algorithm.
Science.gov (United States)
Tayefi, Maryam; Tajfard, Mohammad; Saffar, Sara; Hanachi, Parichehr; Amirabadizadeh, Ali Reza; Esmaeily, Habibollah; Taghipour, Ali; Ferns, Gordon A; Moohebati, Mohsen; Ghayour-Mobarhan, Majid
2017-04-01
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important public health problem globally. Algorithms incorporating the assessment of clinical biomarkers together with several established traditional risk factors can help clinicians to predict CHD and support clinical decision making with respect to interventions. Decision tree (DT) is a data mining model for extracting hidden knowledge from large databases. We aimed to establish a predictive model for coronary heart disease using a decision tree algorithm. Here we used a dataset of 2346 individuals including 1159 healthy participants and 1187 participant who had undergone coronary angiography (405 participants with negative angiography and 782 participants with positive angiography). We entered 10 variables of a total 12 variables into the DT algorithm (including age, sex, FBG, TG, hs-CRP, TC, HDL, LDL, SBP and DBP). Our model could identify the associated risk factors of CHD with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of 96%, 87%, 94% and respectively. Serum hs-CRP levels was at top of the tree in our model, following by FBG, gender and age. Our model appears to be an accurate, specific and sensitive model for identifying the presence of CHD, but will require validation in prospective studies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
14. Determination of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin in Water by HS-SPME-GC-MS%HS-SPME-GC-MS法测定水中2-甲基异冰片及土臭素
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
黎莉; 曹芹; 曹旭静; 余俭
2014-01-01
Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to detect the trace 2-MIB, GSM in surface water. The optimal operation conditions of SPME were obtained as follows:extraction time 30 min, extraction temperature 70℃, NaCl 30%(mass fraction),desorption temperature 250℃in GC. Internal standard method was used to quantify, concentration of 2-MIB, GSM was linear with peak area in the range of 5-100 ng/L with the correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.999 5, 0.999 6, respectively. The detection limits of 2-MIB, GSM were 0.8, 1.7 ng/L, respectively. The method was used to detect water samples, the relative standard deviations of 2-MIB, GSM were 2.6%-6.3%(n=6), and the recoveries were 92%-112%. The method is simple and fast for the determination of trace odor compounds in water.%采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)的方法对地表水中2-甲基异冰片(2-MIB)和土臭素(GSM)进行分析测定。通过试验确定了HS-SPME的最佳萃取条件：萃取头为DVB/CAR/PDMS，萃取时间为30 min，萃取温度为70℃，NaCl的加入量为30%（质量分数），萃取纤维在GC上的解吸温度为250℃。用内标法进行定量，2-MIB，GSM的质量浓度在5～100 ng/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系，线性相关系数（r2)分别为0.9997，0.9970，检出限分别为0.8，1.7 ng/L。采用该法对水样进行测定，2-MIB，GSM测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.6%～6.3%(n=6)，加标回收率为92%～112%。该方法能简单、快速地测定水中痕量嗅味物质。
15. HS-streamCube: Real-time multi-dimensional analysis system on network security event stream%HS-StreamCube:网络安全事件流实时多维分析系统
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
甘亮; 李润恒; 贾焰; 刘健
2013-01-01
大规模网络安全监控应用中,决策者应用数据流联机在线分析(Stream OLAP)技术对网络安全事件流建立流数据方(Stream Cube)进行实时分析,以了解当前网络安全状况并动态评估当前网络安全态势.由于内存容量有限,Stream Cube只关注当前时间窗口内的数据,而对于时间窗口外的过期数据则采用近似存储或简单地丢弃,所以不支持超出时间窗口范围的大时间窗口查询.针对以上缺陷,提出一种多维多层安全事件流实时分析框架HS-StreamCube,采用内存和外存两层混合存储模式实现任意时间窗口的精确查询；然后根据数据流特点重点研究两层混合存储模式下HS-StreamCube的模型、构建、存储管理和查询等；最后通过实验验证该系统的可用性和高效性.%In the applications of large-scale network security monitoring, data stream of security e-vents is analysised real-timely to acquire the characteristic of current security in the network and to assess dynamically the current security situation with Stream OLAP by building Stream Cube. Because of the limited memory capacity, Stream Cube only concerned about the current data within the time window, but expired data is stored approximately or simply discarded, so it do not support the query with time beyond the scope of current time window. We propose a real-time StreamCube-based multi-dimensional and multi-level analysis framework on security event stream, Hybrid StorageStreamCube, which is implemented by a two-tier (memory and disk) storage model. On the basis of characteristics of data stream,we focus on the modeling,building,storing and querying of HS-StreamCube within the two-tier storage model. Efficient experiments verify the availability and efficiency of the system.
16. Effect of ultrasound combined with determination of CA19-9 and hs-CRP on the accuracy of early diagnosis of gallbladder cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hang-yu ZHANG
2014-03-01
17. Optimizaion of component HS-SPMEz extraction from Zhenjiang fragrance vinegar by response surface methodology%利用响应面法优化HS-SPME镇江香醋香气成分的条件
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李国栋; 孙宗保
2009-01-01
为了优化镇江香醋香气成分的提取,在单因素实验的基础上,根据Box-Benhnken的中心组合实验设计原理,采用3因素3水平的响应面分析法,以提取物质的质(色)谱图总峰面积为响应值做响应面和等高线图.结果表明,HS-SPME萃取镇江香醋香气成分的最佳条件是氯化钠添加量2.5 g,萃取温度50.16℃,萃取时间39.76 min.
18. Long-term Temozolomide Treatment Induces Marked Amino Metabolism Modifications and an Increase in TMZ Sensitivity in Hs683 Oligodendroglioma Cells
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Delphine Lamoral-Theys
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Gliomas account for more than 50% of all primary brain tumors. The worst prognosis is associated with gliomas of astrocytic origin, whereas gliomas with an oligodendroglial origin offer higher sensitivity to chemotherapy, especially when oligodendroglioma cells display 1p19q deletions. Temozolomide (TMZ provides therapeutic benefits and is commonly used with radiotherapy in highly malignant astrocytic tumors, including glioblastomas. The actual benefits of TMZ during long-term treatment in oligodendroglioma patients have not yet been clearly defined. In this study, we have investigated the effects of such a long-term TMZ treatment in the unique Hs683 oligodendroglioma model. We have observed increased TMZ sensitivity of Hs683 orthotopic tumors that were previously treated in vitro with months of progressive exposure to increasing TMZ concentrations before being xenografted into the brains of immunocompromised mice. Whole-genome and proteomic analyses have revealed that this increased TMZ sensitivity of Hs683 oligodendroglioma cells previously treated for long periods with TMZ can be explained, at least partly, by a TMZ-induced p38-dependant dormancy state, which in turn resulted in changes in amino acid metabolism balance, in growth delay, and in a decrease in Hs683 oligodendroglioma cell-invasive properties. Thus, long-term TMZ treatment seems beneficial in this Hs683 oligodendroglioma model, which revealed itself unable to develop resistance against TMZ.
19. 冠心病患者血清IL-17、IL-35及hs-CRP水平的变化及临床意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李大军; 车航; 付勇
2016-01-01
目的：探讨IL-17、IL-35和hs-CRP在冠心病发病过程中的作用及临床意义。方法采用ELISA方法对152例冠心病患者（AMI组52例，UA组64例，SA组36例）和40例正常人（对照组）血清中IL-17、IL-35水平进行检测；免疫比浊法检测hs-CRP。结果血清中IL-17和IL-35水平呈明显负相关，IL-17与hs-CRP的水平呈正相关，IL-35与hs-CRP的水平呈负相关。结论 IL-17、IL-35和hs-CRP的水平与冠心病的发生发展密切相关，有重要临床意义。
20. Restriction of the use of hazardous substances (RoHS in the personal computer segment: analysis of the strategic adoption by the manufacturers settled in Brazil
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2015-09-01
Full Text Available The enactment of the RoHS Directive (Restriction of Hazardous Substances in 2003, limiting the use of certain hazardous substances in electronic equipment has forced companies to adjust their products to comply with this legislation. Even in the absence of similar legislation in Brazil, manufacturers of personal computers which are located in this country have been seen to adopt RoHS for products sold in the domestic market and abroad. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether these manufacturers have really adopted RoHS, focusing on their motivations, concerns, and benefits. This is an exploratory study based on literature review and interviews with HP, Dell, Sony, Lenovo, Samsung, LG, Itautec, and Positivo, using summative content analysis. The results showed that initially, global companies adopted RoHS to market products in Europe, and later expanded this practice to all products. Brazilian companies, however, adopted RoHS to participate in the government’s sustainable procurement bidding processes. It is expected that this study can assist manufacturers in developing strategies for reducing or eliminating hazardous substances in their products and processes, as well as help the government to formulate public policies on reducing risks of environmental contamination.
1. The association of hs-CRP with fasting and postprandial plasma lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes is disrupted by dietary monounsaturated fatty acids.
Science.gov (United States)
Bozzetto, L; De Natale, C; Di Capua, L; Della Corte, G; Patti, L; Maione, S; Riccardi, G; Rivellese, A A; Annuzzi, G
2013-04-01
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether two dietary approaches recommended for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular prevention-high-MUFA or complex carbohydrates/fiber-differently influence inflammation. A 4-week crossover study in 12 individuals with type 2 diabetes was performed. Fasting and postprandial hs-CRP plasma levels were not significantly different after a high-carbohydrate/high-fiber/low-glycemic index (CHO/fiber) and a high-MUFA diet. Compared with fasting, hs-CRP levels decreased significantly after the MUFA but not after the CHO/fiber meal. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins were significantly lower after the CHO/fiber than the MUFA diet. At fasting and postprandially, hs-CRP correlated with triglyceride in whole plasma, chylomicrons, small and large VLDL after the CHO/fiber but not after the MUFA diet. In conclusion, a MUFA-rich diet and a carbohydrate/fiber-rich diet induced similar effects on plasma hs-CRP concentrations. However, these dietary approaches seem to influence hs-CRP levels through different mechanisms. i.e., direct acute postprandial effects by MUFA and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins mediated effects by CHO/fiber.
2. The Level of hs-CRP in Coronary Artery Ectasia and Its Response to Statin and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Treatment
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yilmaz Ozbay
2007-01-01
Materials and method. We measured serum hs-CRP level in 40 CAE (26 males, mean age: 56.32±9 years and 41 O-CAD (34 males, mean age: 57.19±10 years patients referred for elective coronary angiography at baseline and after 3-month statin and ACE inhibitor treatment. Results. Plasma hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in CAE group than O-CAD group at baseline (2.68±66 mg/L versus 1,64±64, resp., P<.0001. Plasma hs-CRP levels significantly decreased from baseline 3 months later in the CE (from 2.68±0.66 mg/L to 1.2±0.53 mg/L, P<.0001 as well as in the O-CAD group (from 1.64±0.64 mg/L to 1.01±0.56 mg/L, P<.001. Conclusion. We think that hs-CRP measurement may be a good prognostic value in CAE patients as in stenotic ones. Further placebo-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of this decrease in hs-CRP.
3. Impaired facial emotion recognition in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS): Side and age at onset matters.
Science.gov (United States)
Hlobil, Ulf; Rathore, Chaturbhuj; Alexander, Aley; Sarma, Sankara; Radhakrishnan, Kurupath
2008-08-01
To define the determinants of impaired facial emotion recognition (FER) in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS), we examined 76 patients with unilateral MTLE-HS, 36 prior to antero-mesial temporal lobectomy (AMTL) and 40 after AMTL, and 28 healthy control subjects with a FER test consisting of 60 items (20 each for anger, fear, and happiness). Mean percentages of the accurate responses were calculated for different subgroups: right vs. left MTLE-HS, early (age at onset Happiness recognition was significantly better in post-AMTL MTLE-HS patients compared to pre-AMTL patients while anger and fear recognition did not differ. We conclude that patients with right MTLE-HS with age at seizure onset <6 years are maximally predisposed to impaired fear recognition. In them, right AMTL does not further worsen FER abilities. Longitudinal studies comparing FER in the same patients before and after AMTL will be required to refine and confirm our cross-sectional observations.
4. Analysis of IGF-1, Lp-PLA2, hs-CRP, Hcy levels in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Guan-Lun Ye; Zhuo-Zhang Luo; Wei-Ming Zheng
2015-01-01
Objective: To study the levels of IGF-1, Lp-PLA2, hs-CRP, Hcy in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: 90 cases of type 2 diabetes patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis in our hospital from May 2013 to August 2014 were enrolled in observation group and further divided into mild stenosis group, moderate stenosis group, severe stenosis group according to the judgment of color ultrasonography on carotid artery carotid artery stenosis, divided into mild sclerosis group, moderate sclerosis group, severe sclerosis group according to carotid artery plaque score. At the same time type 2 diabetic patients without complications in our hospital were enrolled in the control group. Then serums IGF-1, Lp-PLA2, hs-CRP, Hcy levels were assayed. Results: serum IGF-1, Lp-PLA2, hs-CRP, Hcy levels of observation group were higher than those of control group; as carotid artery stenosis and sclerosis degree got greater, serum IGF-1, Lp-PLA2, hs-CRP, Hcy levels were higher. Conclusion:serum IGF-1, Lp-PLA2, hs-CRP, Hcy levels in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis abnormally increased and it can reflect the degree of carotid stenosis and sclerosis.
5. Study on the changes of blood lipids,platelet parameters and hs-CRP in different types of coronary heart disease%不同临床类型冠心病患者血脂、血小板参数及 hs-CRP 水平比较研究
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
王一平
2016-01-01
Objective To investigate the changes of blood lipids,platelet parameters and hs-CRP in different types of coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods A total of 271 hospitalized patients with CHD between January 2012 and Au-gust 2014 were enrolled.Patients were divided into stable angina group (SAP),unstable angina group (UAP),and a-cute myocardial infarction group (AMI).The levels of blood lipids,platelet parameters and hs-CRP in different types of CHD were examined and recorded.Results Statistically significant differences were found in TC,TG,LDL-C,hs-CRP, PLT,MPV,and PDW among three groups (P <0.05 or P <0.01).There were no differences in HDL-C and PCT a-mong them.The levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,hs-CRP,PLT,MPV,and PDW in the UAP and AMI group were significant-ly higher than that in the SAP group (P <0.05 or P <0.01).Compared with the UAP group,the levels of TC,TG, LDL-C,hs-CRP,PLT,MPV,and PDW in the AMI group were showed statistically significant differences (P <0.01). The number of cases of high hs-CRP group,intermediate hs-CRP group,and low hs-CRP group were 40.59%, 45.02%,and 14.39%,respectively.The highest group of SAP,UAP,and AMI were intermediate hs-CRP group (61.96%),high hs-CRP group (55.36%),and high hs-CRP group (88.46%),respectively.Conclusion There were different levels of blood lipids,platelet parameters and hs-CRP in different types of CHD.Testing of the blood lipids, platelet parameters and hs-CRP in patients with CHD has important value in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.%目的：了解不同临床类型冠心病（coronary heart disease，CHD）患者血脂、血小板参数及 hs-CRP 水平变化情况。方法选择2012年1月至2014年8月我院收治的271例，将患者分为三组：稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组163例，不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）组56例，急性心肌梗死（AMI）组52例，对不同组进行血脂、血小板参数及 hs-CRP 水平检测。结果三组患者 TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、PLT、MPV 和 PDW
6. The Inlfuence of CE RoHS 2.0 on Medical Device and Solutions%CE RoHS 2.0对医疗器械企业的影响及企业应对措施
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
黄燕彬
2014-01-01
随着RoHS指令修订，RoHS 2.0被纳入为有源医疗器械产品CE认证必须符合的指令之一。2014年7月22日，M D D指令（93/42/E E C）中的有源医疗器械产品投放欧盟市场必须符合RoHS 2.0要求。2016年7月22日，IVD指令（98/79/EC）的有源医疗器械产品投放欧盟市场必须符合RoHS 2.0要求。一旦违规，企业将可能受到欧盟的处罚及造成重大损失，甚至禁止企业产品的出口，这在电子产品业界已早有先例。RoHS 2.0指令要求医疗器械企业必须建立内部过程管理控制，供应链及物料符合性评价，产品符合性验证及制作技术文档等工作，来确保医疗器械产品持续符合RoHS 的要求。SGS凭借多年专业技术及服务经验，能为医疗器械企业满足RoHS 2.0提供系统和有效措施以确保产品的合规性，帮助医疗器械企业更快进入目标市场创造更大的价值。%With the RoHS directive recast, RoHS 2.0 become one of directives that active medical device should compliance with when apply for CE certiifcation. Active medical device in the scope of Medical device directive (93/42/EEC) placing on the market must compliance with RoHS 2.0 directive requirement after July 22, 2014. And Active medical device in the scope of in vitro diagnostic medical devices (98/79/EC) placing on the market should meet the requirements of RoHS 2.0 after July 22, 2016. Manufacturer wil be disciplined by the European Union and caused signiifcant losses if not conform to RoHS, even more serious, products would prohibit of export. Event like that have been happen in electrical and electronic industry. Establish internal control process, assess compliance of materials in supplier chain, verify RoHS product conformity for RoHS and prepare technical documentation are the base requirements of RoHS. Active medical device manufacturer should meet those requirements to assure their products continue compliance with RoHS. With professional
7. Changes in the structure of the accretion disc of HS1804+67 through the outburst cycle
CERN Document Server
Baptista, R; Baptista, Raymundo
1999-01-01
We report on the analysis of high-speed photometry of the dwarf-nova HS1804+67 through its outburst cycle with eclipse mapping techniques. Eclipse maps show evidences of the formation of a spiral structure in the disc at the early stages of the outburst and reveal how the disc expands during the rise until its fills most of the primary Roche lobe at maximum light. During the decline phase, the disc becomes progressively fainter as the cooling front moves inwards from the outer regions, until only a small bright region around the white dwarf is left at minimum light. The variable part of the uneclipsed light is possibly due to emission in a wind emanating from the inner parts of the disc. The emission from this region is sensitive to the mass accretion rate.
8. Measurement of the isotope ratio of acetic acid in vinegar by HS-SPME-GC-TC/C-IRMS.
Science.gov (United States)
Hattori, Ryota; Yamada, Keita; Shibata, Hiroki; Hirano, Satoshi; Tajima, Osamu; Yoshida, Naohiro
2010-06-23
Acetic acid is the main ingredient of vinegar, and the worth of vinegar often depends on the fermentation of raw materials. In this study, we have developed a simple and rapid method for discriminating the fermentation of the raw materials of vinegar by measuring the hydrogen and carbon isotope ratio of acetic acid using head space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-high temperature conversion or combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-TC/C-IRMS). The measurement of acetic acid in vinegar by this method was possible with repeatabilities (1sigma) of +/-5.0 per thousand for hydrogen and +/-0.4 per thousand for carbon, which are sufficient to discriminate the origin of acetic acid. The fermentation of raw materials of several vinegars was evaluated by this method.
9. Hydrogen sulfide from a NaHS source attenuates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation via inhibiting nuclear factor-κB.
Science.gov (United States)
Chen, Xi; Liu, Xi-shuang
2016-03-01
This study investigated the alleviating effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), derived from sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), on inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in both in vivo and in vitro models. We found that NaHS injection markedly decreased rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and histological injury in DSS-challenged mice. NaHS (20 μmol/L) reversed DSS-induced inhibition in cell viability in Caco-2 cells and alleviated pro-inflammation cytokine expression in vivo and in vitro, indicating an anti-inflammatory function for H2S. It was also found that H2S may regulate cytokine expression by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that H2S alleviated DSS-induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro and that the signal mechanism might be associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway.
10. Assessment of elder mistreatment in two American Indian samples: psychometric characteristics of the HS-EAST and the Native Elder Life-Financial Exploitation and -Neglect measures.
Science.gov (United States)
Jervis, Lori L; Fickenscher, Alexandra; Beals, Janette
2014-04-01
Although elder mistreatment among ethnic minorities is increasingly gaining attention, our empirical knowledge of this phenomenon among American Indians remains quite limited, especially with respect to measurement. The Shielding American Indian Elders (SAIE) Project used a collaborative approach to explore culturally informed measurement of elder mistreatment in two American Indian elder samples (a Northern Plains reservation and a South Central metropolitan area). The project sought to investigate the performance characteristics of the commonly used Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (HS-EAST), as well as to examine the psychometric properties of a new measure developed to capture culturally salient aspects of mistreatment in American Indian contexts--the Native Elder Life Scale (NELS). Using methods and samples comparable to those in the literature, the HS-EAST performed adequately in these Native samples. The NELS also shows promise for use with this population and assesses different aspects of elder mistreatment than does the HS-EAST.
11. IGF-independent effects of IGFBP-2 on the human breast cancer cell line Hs578T.
Science.gov (United States)
Frommer, Klaus W; Reichenmiller, Katharina; Schutt, Burkhardt S; Hoeflich, Andreas; Ranke, Michael B; Dodt, Gabriele; Elmlinger, Martin W
2006-08-01
There is evidence that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP-2), a modulator of the actions of IGFs, also has IGF-independent effects in human tumor cell lines. These involve specific binding of IGFBP-2 to alpha5beta1-integrin, followed by alterations in the phosphorylation status of downstream signaling molecules. Previously, IGFBP-2 has also been shown to be associated with cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. Here, we investigated direct effects of IGFBP-2 on apoptosis and alterations in the expression of related proteins. The breast cancer cell line Hs578T, which shows no IGFBP-2 production of its own and is independent of the IGF-I receptor, was treated with human recombinant IGFBP-2 in order to study the changes in gene expression induced by IGFBP-2. The methods employed for this purpose were oligonucleotide microarrays, real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunoassays. Out of the 440 genes covered by the Oligo GEArray Human Cancer Microarray OHS-802, the expression of 77 genes was directly influenced by IGFBP-2. By the use of real-time quantitative RT-PCR, the gene expression of Nuclear Factor (NF)kappaB, p53, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta-1), LAMB1 (Laminin, Beta 1), Bcl-2, and IIp45 was found to be significantly upregulated (by 1.2- to 3.05-fold; all P 1.5-fold. By using an ELISA-based and a flow cytometry-based apoptosis assay, IGFBP-2 was found to have a pro-apoptotic effect on Hs578T cells. Our results suggest that IGFBP-2-induced gene expressions are of functional significance for proliferation, cell adhesion, cell migration and apoptosis, and showed that IGFBP-2 can promote apoptosis in tumor cells independent of IGF.
12. D-Alanine-Controlled Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization with Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS.
Science.gov (United States)
Cuenca, Miguelangel; Pfister, Simona P; Buschor, Stefanie; Bayramova, Firuza; Hernandez, Sara B; Cava, Felipe; Kuru, Erkin; Van Nieuwenhze, Michael S; Brun, Yves V; Coelho, Fernanda M; Hapfelmeier, Siegfried
2016-01-01
Soon after birth the mammalian gut microbiota forms a permanent and collectively highly resilient consortium. There is currently no robust method for re-deriving an already microbially colonized individual again-germ-free. We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. Yet, unsupplemented bacteria remained active and were able to complete their cell cycle with fully sustained motility until immediately before autolytic death. Also in vivo, the transiently colonizing bacteria retained their ability to stimulate a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response. Full D-Ala auxotrophy enabled rapid recovery to again-germ-free status. E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. Its reversibly colonizing derivative may provide a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery without permanent colonization.
13. Suppressive effect of CORM-2 on LPS-induced platelet activation by glycoprotein mediated HS1 phosphorylation interference.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Full Text Available In recent years, it has been discovered that septic patients display coagulation abnormalities. Platelets play a major role in the coagulation system. Studies have confirmed that carbon monoxide (CO has important cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory function. However, whether CO could alter abnormal activation of platelets and coagulation and thereby reduce the incidence of mortality during sepsis has not been defined. In this report, we have used CO-releasing molecules (CORM-2 to determine whether CO inhibits LPS-induced abnormal activation of platelets and have explored the potential mechanisms. LPS was used to induce activation of platelets in vitro, which were purified from the peripheral venous blood of healthy adult donors. CORM-2 was applied as a potential therapeutic agent. CORM-2 preconditioning and delayed treatment were also studied. We found that in the LPS groups, the function of platelets such as spreading, aggregation, and release were enhanced abnormally. By contrast, the platelets in the CORM-2 group were gently activated. Further studies showed that the expression of platelet membrane glycoproteins increased in the LPS group. Coincidently, both hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 and its phosphorylated form also increased dramatically. These phenomena were less dramatically seen in the CORM-2 groups. Taken together, we conclude that during LPS stimulation, platelets were abnormally activated, and this functional state may be associated with the signal that is transmitted between membrane glycoproteins and HS1. CORM-released CO suppresses the abnormal activation of platelets by interfering with glycoprotein-mediated HS1 phosphorylation.
14. Pathomechanism of Insulin Resistance in Men with Central Obesity: Correlation of GGT, GPx, hs-CRP and Plasma Total Cysteine
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ritawaty Ritawaty
2013-08-01
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT was reported recently to be associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and increased amino acid. However, role of GGT in insulin resistance pathomechanism is not exactly known. Therefore correlation of GGT with inflammation, oxidative stress and elevated amino acid, in men with central obesity need to be confirmed. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed. Men with central obesity were recruited and selected. Anthropometric parameters, creatinine, hs-CRP, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glutathione peroxidase (GPx activity, GGT, plasma total cysteine (tCys and fatty liver were measured. Subjects were then divided in 4 groups based on waist circumference (WC and fatty liver: Group I: WC ≤100 cm, without fatty liver; Group II: WC ≤100 cm, with fatty liver; Group III: WC >100 cm, without fatty liver; Group IV: WC >100 cm, with fatty liver. All biochemical characteristics in each group were then statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Seventy-two men with central obesity were selected. Numbers of subjects in each group were: Group I: n=33; Group II: n=5; Group III: n=17; Group IV: n=17. We found significant difference of HOMA-IR between Group I and IV, significant correlation between GGT and HOMAIR, and significant negative correlation between tCys with HOMA-IR in Group IV. CONCLUSIONS: GGT was significantly correlated with HOMA-IR in men with WC >100 cm and fatty liver. Further investigation with more subjects is necessary to determine clear GGT cut-off to distinguish subjects with fatty liver and insulin resistance. KEYWORDS: GGT, hs-CRP, GPx, tCys, HOMA-IR, insulin resistance.
15. Analysis of cardiovascular responses to the H2S donors Na2S and NaHS in the rat.
Science.gov (United States)
Yoo, Daniel; Jupiter, Ryan C; Pankey, Edward A; Reddy, Vishwaradh G; Edward, Justin A; Swan, Kevin W; Peak, Taylor C; Mostany, Ricardo; Kadowitz, Philip J
2015-08-15
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous molecule formed from L-cysteine in vascular tissue. In the present study, cardiovascular responses to the H2S donors Na2S and NaHS were investigated in the anesthetized rat. The intravenous injections of Na2S and NaHS 0.03-0.5 mg/kg produced dose-related decreases in systemic arterial pressure and heart rate, and at higher doses decreases in cardiac output, pulmonary arterial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance. H2S infusion studies show that decreases in systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance are well-maintained, and responses to Na2S are reversible. Decreases in heart rate were not blocked by atropine, suggesting that the bradycardia was independent of parasympathetic activation and was mediated by an effect on the sinus node. The decreases in systemic arterial pressure were not attenuated by hexamethonium, glybenclamide, N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, sodium meclofenamate, ODQ, miconazole, 5-hydroxydecanoate, or tetraethylammonium, suggesting that ATP-sensitive potassium channels, nitric oxide, arachidonic acid metabolites, cyclic GMP, p450 epoxygenase metabolites, or large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are not involved in mediating hypotensive responses to the H2S donors in the rat and that responses are not centrally mediated. The present data indicate that decreases in systemic arterial pressure in response to the H2S donors can be mediated by decreases in vascular resistance and cardiac output and that the donors have an effect on the sinus node independent of the parasympathetic system. The present data indicate that the mechanism of the peripherally mediated hypotensive response to the H2S donors is uncertain in the intact rat. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.
16. Anti-tumor activity of a novel HS-mimetic-vascular endothelial growth factor binding small molecule.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kazuyuki Sugahara
Full Text Available The angiogenic process is controlled by variety of factors of which the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF pathway plays a major role. A series of heparan sulfate mimetic small molecules targeting VEGF/VEGFR pathway has been synthesized. Among them, compound 8 (2-butyl-5-chloro-3-(4-nitro-benzyl-3H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde was identified as a significant binding molecule for the heparin-binding domain of VEGF, determined by high-throughput-surface plasmon resonance assay. The data predicted strong binding of compound 8 with VEGF which may prevent the binding of VEGF to its receptor. We compared the structure of compound 8 with heparan sulfate (HS, which have in common the functional ionic groups such as sulfate, nitro and carbaldehyde that can be located in similar positions of the disaccharide structure of HS. Molecular docking studies predicted that compound 8 binds at the heparin binding domain of VEGF through strong hydrogen bonding with Lys-30 and Gln-20 amino acid residues, and consistent with the prediction, compound 8 inhibited binding of VEGF to immobilized heparin. In vitro studies showed that compound 8 inhibits the VEGF-induced proliferation migration and tube formation of mouse vascular endothelial cells, and finally the invasion of a murine osteosarcoma cell line (LM8G7 which secrets high levels of VEGF. In vivo, these effects produce significant decrease of tumor burden in an experimental model of liver metastasis. Collectively, these data indicate that compound 8 may prevent tumor growth through a direct effect on tumor cell proliferation and by inhibition of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis mediated by VEGF. In conclusion, compound 8 may normalize the tumor vasculature and microenvironment in tumors probably by inhibiting the binding of VEGF to its receptor.
17. D-Alanine-Controlled Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization with Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Miguelangel Cuenca
Full Text Available Soon after birth the mammalian gut microbiota forms a permanent and collectively highly resilient consortium. There is currently no robust method for re-deriving an already microbially colonized individual again-germ-free. We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. Yet, unsupplemented bacteria remained active and were able to complete their cell cycle with fully sustained motility until immediately before autolytic death. Also in vivo, the transiently colonizing bacteria retained their ability to stimulate a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (IgA response. Full D-Ala auxotrophy enabled rapid recovery to again-germ-free status. E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. Its reversibly colonizing derivative may provide a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery without permanent colonization.
18. The Value of HbA1c and hs-CRP Combined Detection in Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy%HbA1c、hs-CRP 联合检测诊断糖尿病视网膜病变的价值
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李孝才; 孙学芬; 吴建霞; 马雪燕
2016-01-01
目的：探讨糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和高敏 C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）联合检测诊断糖尿病视网膜病变的价值。方法：选择正常体检者(A 组）、糖尿病无视网膜病变者(B 组）、糖尿病视网膜病变者(C 组）各72例，采用离子交换液相层析法和胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定 HbA1c 及 hs-CRP。结果：无视网膜病变组和视网膜病变组的 HbA1c 和 hs-CRP（mg/L）含量均比健康对照组高，具有统计学意义（P0.05）；但是 HbA1c +Hs-CRP 诊断糖尿病视网膜病变的特异为90.3%，分别与 HbA1c 和 hs-CRP 存在明显差异（P 0.05); but specific to the HbA1c of hs CRP in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy was 90.3%, respectively and hs CRP and HbA1c exist significant difference (P< 0.05). Conclusion:The detection of HBA1c and Hs-CRPis helpful to early detection of diabetic retinopathy, which can be used asmonitoring indicators for progress and treatment effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
19. 急性颅脑损伤患者血清NSE、hs-CRP和S100B水平变化的临床意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
闫桂秀
2016-01-01
目的:探讨血清NSE、hs-CRP和S100B水平在急性颅脑损伤患者治疗前与治疗后的对比变化及其临床意义.方法:分别采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)、免疫比浊法(Immuno-turbidimetry)和酶联法(ELISA)检测血清NSE、hs-CRP和S100B,检测了急性颅脑损伤患者(32例)治疗前与治疗后血清NSE、hs-CRP和S100B的水平,和健康人组(35例)相关水平比较.结果:血清NSE、hs-CRP和S100B水平在急性颅脑损伤患者中,治疗前显著高于正常人组,两者有显著性的差异性(P＜0.01),经二周治疗后恢复与正常人组相当,两者无显著性差异(P＞0.05),血清NSE水平与hs-CRP、S100B呈显著正相关(r=0.5412 0.6018 P＜0.01).结论:检测血清NSE、hs-CRP和S100B水平的变化有助于估计急性颅脑损伤患者的病情轻重和预后.
20. Effect of red yeast rice combined with antioxidants on lipid pattern, hs-CRP level, and endothelial function in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Science.gov (United States)
Cicero, Arrigo F G; Morbini, Martino; Parini, Angelo; Urso, Riccardo; Rosticci, Martina; Grandi, Elisa; Borghi, Claudio
2016-01-01
Our aim was to test, through a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, if a short-term treatment with 10 mg monacolins combined with antioxidants could improve lipid pattern, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and endothelial function in a small cohort of moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Thus, 25 healthy, moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects were consecutively enrolled and, after 4 weeks of stabilization diet, were randomized to the sequence placebo followed by a washout, monacolins or monacolins followed by a washout, placebo, with each period being 4 weeks long. At each study step, a complete lipid pattern, safety parameters, hs-CRP, and endothelial function have been measured. When compared to the placebo phase, during monacolin treatment, patients experienced a more favorable percentage change in total cholesterol (TC) (TC after monacolin treatment, -18.35%; TC after placebo treatment, -5.39%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (LDL after monacolin treatment, -22.36%; LDL after placebo treatment, -1.38%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (non-HDL after monacolin treatment, -22.83%; non-HDL after placebo treatment: -7.15%), hs-CRP (hs-CRP after monacolin treatment: -2.33%; hs-CRP after placebo treatment, 2.11%), and endothelial function (pulse volume displacement after monacolin treatment, 18.59%; pulse volume displacement after placebo treatment, -6.69%). No significant difference was observed with regard to triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and safety parameters. On the basis of our data, we could demonstrate that a 10 mg monacolin nutraceutical treatment appears to safely reduce cholesterolemia, hs-CRP, and markers of vascular remodeling in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. These results need to be confirmed in larger patient samples and in studies with longer duration.
1. A Comparison of hs-CRP Levels in New Diabetes Groups Diagnosed Based on FPG, 2-hPG, or HbA1c Criteria.
Science.gov (United States)
Tutuncu, Yildiz; Satman, Ilhan; Celik, Selda; Dinccag, Nevin; Karsidag, Kubilay; Telci, Aysegul; Genc, Sema; Issever, Halim; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Omer, Beyhan
2016-01-01
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) have been used to diagnose new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) in order to simplify the diagnostic tests compared with the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 2-hPG). We aimed to identify optimal cut-off points of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in new-onset DM people based on FPG, 2-hPG, or HbA1c methods. Data derived from recent population-based survey in Turkey (TURDEP-II). The study included 26,499 adult people (63% women, response rate 85%). The mean serum concentration of hs-CRP in women was higher than in men (p hs-CRP level than FPG based and 2-hPG based DM cases. In HbA1c, 2-hPG, and FPG based new-onset DM people, cut-off levels of hs-CRP in women were 2.9, 2.1, and 2.5 mg/L [27.5, 19.7, and 23.5 nmol/L] and corresponding values in men were 2.0, 1.8, and 1.8 mg/L (19.0, 16.9, and 16.9 nmol/L), respectively (sensitivity 60-65% and specificity 54-64%). Our results revealed that hs-CRP may not further strengthen the diagnosis of new-onset DM. Nevertheless, the highest hs-CRP level observed in new-onset DM people diagnosed with HbA1c criterion supports the general assumption that this method might recognize people in more advanced diabetic stage compared with other diagnostic methods.
2. Clinical Significance of Determination of Serum Hypersensitive C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and E-Selectin Levels in Patients with Coronary Heart Diseases%冠心病患者血清hs-CRP和E-Selectin检测的临床意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
杨春秀
2007-01-01
目的:探讨了冠心病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和E-选择素(E-Selectin)水平的变化及意义.方法:应用免疫比浊法检测hs-CRP,ELISA法检测E-Selectin水平对58例冠心病患者进行了血清hs-CRP,E-Selectin水平检测.其中稳定型心绞痛25例,不稳定型心绞痛20例,急性心肌梗死13例,并以35名正常健康人作比较.结果:冠心病患者血清hs-CRP和E-Selectin水平明显高于正常人组(P＜0.01),急性心肌梗死组和不稳定型心绞痛组有明显高于稳定型心绞痛组(P＜0.01),冠心病组血清hs-CRP、E-Selectin水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论:血清hs-CRP和E-Selectin水平的变化与冠心病的发生、发展有关,但与冠状动脉狭窄程度无关.
3. JUPITER to Earth: A statin helps people with normal LDL-C and high hs-CRP, but what does it mean?
OpenAIRE
2009-01-01
The JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) (N Engl J Med 2008; 359:2195–2207) compared rosuvastatin (Crestor) 20 mg daily vs placebo in apparently healthy people who had levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lower than 130 mg/dL but elevated levels (≥ 2 mg/L) of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Rosuvastatin treatment lowered LDL-C levels by 50% and hs-CRP levels by 37%, accompanied by a 44%...
4. The influence of statin treatment on the inflammatory biomarkers YKL-40 and HsCRP in patients with stable coronary artery disease
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mygind, Naja Dam; Harutyunyan, Marina J; Mathiasen, Anders Bruun;
2011-01-01
OBJECTIVE: The inflammatory biomarker YKL-40 is elevated and associated with mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim was to investigate the influence of statin treatment and lipid status on serum YKL-40 and Hs-CRP in patients with stable CAD. DESIGN: Serum YKL-40......, HsCRP, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and triglycerides levels were measured in 404 statin treated and in 404 matched non-statin treated patients with stable CAD. RESULTS: YKL-40 was significantly higher in non-statin treated 110 µg/l (median) compared with 65 µg/l in statin treated (p ...
5. Heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase-3B1 (HS3ST3B1) promotes angiogenesis and proliferation by induction of VEGF in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
Science.gov (United States)
Zhang, Lei; Song, Kai; Zhou, Ling; Xie, Zhishen; Zhou, Ping; Zhao, Yiming; Han, Yue; Xu, Xiaojun; Li, Ping
2015-06-01
Heparan sulfate (HS) are complex polysaccharides that reside on the plasma membrane of almost all mammalian cells, and play an important role in physiological and pathological conditions. Heparan sulfate D-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B1 (HS3ST3B1) participates in the last biosynthetic steps of HS and transfers sulfate to the 3-O-position of glucosamine residues to yield mature sugar chains. To date very few biological processes or proteins have been described that are modulated by HS3ST3B1. In this study, we observed that HS3ST3B1 positively contributed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression in vitro and in vivo, and these activities were associated with an induction of the proangiogenic factor VEGF expression and shedding. Moreover, the effects of HS3ST3B1 on VEGF release can be attenuated after treatment of heparanase inhibitor suramin, which prevented VEGF secretion and subsequently blocked VEGF-induced activation of ERK and AKT, suggesting that 3-O-sulfation of HS by HS3ST3B1 facilitated VEGF shedding; the effects of HS3ST3B1 on activation of ERK and AKT can also be blocked by VEGFR inhibitor axitinib, suggestive of a relationship between 3-O-sulfation of HS and VEGF-activated signaling pathways. Taken together, our findings support that VEGF is an important functional target of HS3ST3B1 and provide a new mechanism of HS3ST3B1 in AML.
6. A risk assessment on primary level in hs-cTnT level no more than 14 ng/L in the onset of acute myocar-dial infarction in patients with chest pain%胸痛患者初次hs-cTnT水平≤14 ng／L发生急性心肌梗死的危险性评价
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
郭英; 黄华兰; 朱帅; 李贵星
2016-01-01
目的：研究胸痛患者初次hs-cTnT水平≤14 ng／L时发生急性心肌梗死（AMI）的危险性。方法：纳入2012年1月至2013年12月因胸痛就诊于四川大学华西医院急诊科患者3096例，根据初次hs-cTnT水平、心电图将患者分为hs-cTnT≤14 ng／L且心电图提示无缺血表现组和hs-cTnT ＞14 ng／L组，计算30 d内两组发生心肌梗死和死亡的危险度及阴性预测值。结果：30 d 内hs-cTnT≤14 ng／L 组发生AMI 37例，绝对危险度为2．35（1．86～2．74），30 d 内有4例患者死亡，绝对危险度为0．29（0．12～0．53）；初次 hs-cTnT水平≤14 ng／L 且心电图提示无缺血表现组发生 AMI 9例，绝对危险度为0．58（0．42～0．74），30 d 内无患者死亡。结论：胸痛患者初次hs-cTnT水平≤14 ng／L 且心电图提示无缺血表现可基本排除AMI，阴性预测值为99．6％，准确性高，动态监测5 h hs-cTnT≤14 ng／L直接排除AMI。%Objective To investigate the association of chest pain patients with primary level in high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT) level no more than 14 ng/L in the onset of acute myocardial infarction in pa-tients with chest pain. Methods We enrolled 3 096 participants from January 2012 to December 2013 in West China Hospital, Sichuan University. All patients were classified two groups (hs-cTnT > 14 ng/L, hs-cTnT ≤14 ng/L and no ischemia on ECG) according to hs-cTnT levels and ECG. We evaluated the risk of myocardial in-farction and death and negative predictive value in 30 days. Results Thirty-seven patients were diagnosed in having acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 4 patients were dead in the hs-cTnT > 14 ng/L group in 30 days in the absolute risk 2.35(1.86-2.74) and 0.29(0.12-0.53); 9 patients were diagnosed as having AMI and no patients were dead in the hs-cTnT ≤ 14 ng/L group in 30 days in the absolute risk 0.58 (0.42-0.74). Conclu-sion Chest pain patients whose primary levels no more than 14
7. 子痫前期患者血清MPO、hs-CRP水平与新生儿出生体重的相关性%Relatingship between serum myeloperoxidase,hs-CRP levels and neonatal birth weight in patients with preeclampsia
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
罗金英; 颜建英
2014-01-01
目的：研究重度子痫前期( PE )患者血清髓过氧化物酶( MPO )及超敏C反应蛋白( hs-CRP)水平与新生儿出生体重的关系。方法：选择2012年1~10月于我院产科住院分娩的60例重度PE孕妇,按发病时孕周不同分为早发型PE组(发病时孕周0.05)。(2)早发型与晚发型PE组血清hs-CRP高于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)早发型与晚发型PE组的血清MPO、hs-CRP水平与新生儿出生体重均呈负相关(P0.05)。结论：血清MPO、hs-CRP可能在PE的病理生理过程中发挥作用。重度PE患者血清MPO、hs-CRP水平升高可引起新生儿体重下降,其机制可能与胎儿宫内生长发育有关。%Objective:To investigate the relationships between concentrations of serum MPO,hs-CRP levels birth weight in patients with preeclampsia. Methods:A total of 60 women with PE and 60 normal pregnant women as control participated in this study. Patients with PE were divided into early-onset group (n=30,presented at0. 05). (2)Serum hs-CRP level of early-onset and late-onset PE group were higher than control group1 and control group 2,the differences were statistically significant (P0. 05). (3)Serum MPO,hs-CRP level and neonatal birth weight of early-onset and late-onset PE group were negatively correlated ( P0. 05). Conclusion:Serum MPO,hs-CRP levels of preeclampsia patients suggesting that they may be involved in the pathophysiologi-cal process of preeclampsia. In severe preeclampsia patients,elevated serum MPO,hs-CRP lev-els can cause low neonatal weight,and may be associated with fetal growth.
8. Pilates versus resistance exercise on the serum levels of hs-CRP, in the abdominal circumference and body mass index (BMI in elderly individuals
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2016-06-01
Full Text Available Recent studies have shown that the elderly exhibit a subclinical state of inflammation associated with increased adipose tissue and several comorbidities. To compare the effects of mat Pilates based exercises and resistance exercise on the serum levels of reactive C protein of high sensitivity (hs-CRP, in the abdominal circumference (AC and the body mass index (BMI in the elderly. It is a randomised clinical trial with a sample of 78 elderly individuals (median age 69 years. The active independent variable investigated was nature of treatment intervention (Pilates mat based exercises vs resistance exercise, and the dependent variables were hs-CRP level, AC and BMI. The statistical analysis used Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney tests. The correlation between the continuous variables was assessed using Spearman’s coefficient of correlation. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 17.0, and probability values lower than 5% (p< 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Mat Pilates based exercises exhibited reductions in serum hs-CPR level (Wilcoxon signed rank test; z = -2.466, p = 0.01, BMI (Wilcoxon signed rank test; z = -3.295, p = 0.001 and AC (Wilcoxon signed rank test; z = -3.398, p = 0.01. Mat Pilates based exercises promoted a significant reduction of the serum hs-CRP levels and anthropometric measurements in elderly individuals.
9. [Fe(II)LSCo(III)LS]2 ⇔ [Fe(III)LSCo(II)HS]2 photoinduced conversion in a cyanide-bridged heterobimetallic molecular square.
Science.gov (United States)
Mercurol, Julie; Li, Yanling; Pardo, Emilio; Risset, Olivia; Seuleiman, Mannan; Rousselière, Hélène; Lescouëzec, Rodrigue; Julve, Miguel
2010-12-21
The self-assembly of [Fe(III){B(pz)(4)}(CN)(3)](-) and [Co(II)(bik)(2)(S)(2)](2+) affords the diamagnetic cyanide-bridged [Fe(II)(LS)Co(III)(LS)](2) molecular square which is converted into the corresponding magnetic [Fe(III)(LS)Co(II)(HS)](2) species under light irradiation at relatively low temperatures.
10. Abrupt two-step and symmetry breaking spin crossover in an iron(III) complex: an exceptionally wide [LS-HS] plateau.
Science.gov (United States)
Harding, David J; Phonsri, Wasinee; Harding, Phimphaka; Murray, Keith S; Moubaraki, Boujemaa; Jameson, Guy N L
2015-09-14
[Fe(qsal-Br)2]NO3·2MeOH is reported which undergoes abrupt two step symmetry breaking spin crossover, T½(1st step) = 136 K and T½(2nd step) = 232 K with a hysteresis of 16 K and 5 K, respectively, and an unprecedented [HS-LS] plateau of 96 K.
11. A stage—specific protein factor binding to a CACCC motif in both human β—globin gene promoter and 5‘—HS2 region
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
1994-01-01
The DNaseI hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) of human β-globin locus control region(LCR) is required for the high level expression of human β-globin genes.In the present study,a stage-specific protein factor (LPF-β) was identified in the nuclear extract prepared from mouse fetal liver at d 18 of gestation,which could bind to the HS2 region of human β-globin LCR.We also found that the shift band of LPF-β factor could be competed by human β-globin promoter.However,it couldn't be competed by human ε-globin promoter or by human Aγ-globin promoter.Furthermore,our data demonstrated that the binding-sequence of LPF-β factor is 5'CACACCCTA 3',which is located at the HS2 region of β-LCR(from-10845 to-10853 bp)and human β-globin promoter(from-92 to -84 bp).We speculated that these regions containing the CACCC box in both the human β-globin promoter and HS2 might function as stage selector elements in the regulation of human β-globin switching and the LPF-β factor might be a stage-specific protein factor involved in the regulation of human β-globin gene expression.
12. Simulations of Hurricane Nadine (2012) during HS3 Using the NASA Unified WRF with Aerosol-Cloud Microphysics-Radiation Coupling
Science.gov (United States)
Shi, J. J.; Braun, S. A.; Sippel, J. A.; Tao, W. K.; Tao, Z.
2014-12-01
The impact of the SAL on the development and intensification of hurricanes has garnered significant attention in recent years. Many past studies have shown that synoptic outbreaks of Saharan dust, which usually occur from late spring to early fall and can extend from western Africa across the Atlantic Ocean into the Caribbean, can have impacts on hurricane genesis and subsequent intensity change. The Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) mission is a multiyear NASA field campaign with the goal of improving understanding of hurricane formation and intensity change. One of HS3's primary science goals is to obtain measurements to help determine the extent to which the Saharan air layer impacts storm intensification. HS3 uses two of NASA's unmanned Global Hawk aircrafts equipped with three instruments each to measure characteristics of the storm environment and inner core. The Goddard microphysics and longwave/shortwave schemes in the NASA Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) model have been coupled in real-time with the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model in WRF-Chem to account for the direct (radiation) and indirect (microphysics) impact. NU-WRF with interactive aerosol-cloud-radiation physics is used to generate 30-member ensemble simulations of Nadine (2012) with and without the aerosol interactions. Preliminary conclusions related to the impact of the SAL on the evolution of Nadine from the HS3 observations and model output will be described.
13. Increased carotid intima-media thickness associated with high hs-CRP levels is a predictor of unstable coronary artery disease.
Science.gov (United States)
Abhashi, Sejran Ahmet; Kryeziu, Fadil Uke; Nazreku, Feim Durak
2013-08-01
Increased values of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are predictors of acute coronary events. We analysed the link between CIMT and hs-CRP in cases with coronary artery disease (CAD). From 1 January to 30 June 2012, we evaluated 43 patients with acute coronary syndrome (group A), 50 patients with stable coronary artery disease (group B) and 50 healthy volunteers (group C). All were analysed for CIMT and hs-CRP levels. CIMT values were higher in groups A and B (0.94 ± 0.21 mm, 0.89 ± 0.19 mm, respectively) and lower in group C (0.64 ± 0.09 mm), and this was statistically significant (p hs-CRP were higher in group A (1.87 ± 0.36 mg/l) and lower in groups B and C (1.07 ± 0.28 mg/l, 0.97 ± 0.45 mg/l, respectively) and this was also statistically significant (p < 0.0001).
14. Efficacy and tolerability of a combined lipid-lowering nutraceutical on cholesterolemia, hs-CRP level and endothelial function in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Science.gov (United States)
Cicero, A F; Colletti, A; Rosticci, M; Grandi, E; Borghi, C
2016-01-01
Our aim was to test, by a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, whether a short-term treatment with a combined lipid-lowering nutraceutical could improve endothelial function in a cohort of moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Thus, 80 healthy, moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects were consecutively enrolled and, after 4 weeks of stabilization diet, they were randomized to either the tested lipid-lowering nutraceutical or placebo for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of treatment a complete lipid pattern, safety parameters, hs-CRP and endothelial function were measured. When compared to placebo, during nutraceutical treatment patients experienced a more favorable percentage change in total cholesterol (TC vs baseline: -17.9%; TC vs placebo: -5.6%), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C vs baseline: -23.3%; LDL-C vs placebo: -2.8%), hs-CRP (hs-CRP vs baseline: -2.4%; hs-CRP vs placebo: -1.5%), and endothelial function (pulse volume displacement vs baseline: +17%; pulse volume displacement vs placebo treatment: -3.3%). No significant difference was observed in respect to effects on triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and safety parameters. On the basis of our data, the tested lipid-lowering nutraceutical seems to significantly improve endothelial function in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. These results have to be confirmed on larger patient samples and over longer periods.
15. Elevated levels of Hs-CRP and IL-6 after delivery are associated with depression during the 6 months post partum.
Science.gov (United States)
Liu, Hao; Zhang, Yang; Gao, Yutao; Zhang, Zhenyu
2016-09-30
The objective of this study is to determine whether inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6) early in the postpartum period contribute to the development of postpartum depression (PPD). From 4 May 2014 to 30 June 2014, all eligible women not on medication for depression giving birth at the Beijing Chao-Yang hospital were consecutively recruited and followed up for 6 months. Depression symptoms were measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and inflammatory biomarkers (Hs-CRP and IL-6) were tested. During the study period, 296 women were enrolled and completed follow-up. In these women, 45 (15.2%) were considered as meeting the criteria for PPD. Serum levels of Hs-CRP and IL-6 in women with PPD were significantly higher than those without PPD (all PHs-CRP (0.837 (95% CI, 0.781-0.894), PHs-CRP were independent predictors of PPD. The present study demonstrates a strong relationship between elevated serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels at admission and the development of PPD within 6 months.
16. Serum hs-CRP varies with dietary cholesterol, but not dietary fatty acid intake in individuals free of any history of cardiovascular disease.
Science.gov (United States)
Mazidi, M; Heidari-Bakavoli, A; Khayyatzadeh, S S; Azarpazhooh, M R; Nematy, M; Safarian, M; Esmaeili, H; Parizadeh, S M R; Ghayour-Mobarhan, M; Kengne, A P; Ferns, G A
2016-12-01
The objective of this study was to investigate whether serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration varies with dietary fatty acid intake in Iranian adults free of any history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This cross-sectional study involved 8105 adults (3142 men) aged 35-65 years. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls. The relationship between anthropometric, cardiometabolic risk factors and dietary data and serum hs-CRP was assessed using SPSS software. Median crude dietary saturated fat decreased across hs-CRP quarters (P =0.009 for linear trend), whereas energy-adjusted total fat (P =0.017), trans-fat (P =0.016), monounsaturated fatty acids (P =0.030) and cholesterol (P =0.005) monotonically increased, with some evidence of statistical interactions by gender. In conclusion, serum hs-CRP concentrations were associated with some components of dietary fatty acid intake in our population of individuals without CVD, suggesting that dietary fat intake could be associated with subclinical inflammation.
17. The Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D3 on Soluble P-Selectin and hs-CRP Level in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Science.gov (United States)
2016-07-01
High plasma level of P-selectin is associated with the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Furthermore, supplementation of vitamin D could decrease thrombotic events. Hence, this study was designed to examine whether the administration of vitamin D can influence the plasma level of P-selectin in patients with VTE. In the randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with confirmed acute deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) were randomized into the intervention (n = 20) and control (n = 40) groups. The intervention arm was given an intramuscular single dose of 300 000 IU vitamin D3 Plasma level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, P-selectin, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured at baseline and 4 weeks after. The plasma level of P-selectin (95% confidence interval = -5.99 to -1.63, P = .022) and hs-CRP (P = .024) significantly declined in vitamin D-treated group, while only hs-CRP was significantly decreased in the control group (P = .011). However, the magnitude of these reductions was not statistically significant. This study could not support the potential benefit of the high-dose vitamin D on plasma level of P-selectin and hs-CRP in patients with VTE.
18. Evaluation of Hs-CRP levels and interleukin 18 (-137G/C) promoter polymorphism in risk prediction of coronary artery disease in first degree relatives.
Science.gov (United States)
G, Rajesh Kumar; K, Mrudula Spurthi; G, Kishore Kumar; Kurapati, Mohanalatha; M, Saraswati; T, Mohini Aiyengar; P, Chiranjeevi; G, Srilatha Reddy; S, Nivas; P, Kaushik; K, Sanjib Sahu; H, Surekha Rani
2015-01-01
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is clearly a multifactorial disease that develops from childhood and ultimately leads to death. Several reports revealed having a First Degree Relatives (FDRS) with premature CAD is a significant autonomous risk factor for CAD development. C - reactive protein (CRP) is a member of the pentraxin family and is the most widely studied proinflammatory biomarker. IL-18 is a pleiotrophic and proinflammatory cytokine which is produced mainly by macrophages and plays an important role in the inflammatory cascade. Hs-CRP levels were estimated by ELISA and Genotyping of IL-18 gene variant located on promoter -137 (G/C) by Allele specific PCR in blood samples of 300 CAD patients and 300 controls and 100 FDRS. Promoter Binding sites and Protein interacting partners were identified by Alibaba 2.1 and Genemania online tools respectively. Hs-CRP levels were significantly high in CAD patients followed by FDRS when compared to controls. In IL-18 -137 (G/C) polymorphism homozygous GG is significantly associated with occurrence of CAD and Hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in GG genotype subjects when compared to GC and CC. IL-18 was found to be interacting with 100 protein interactants. Our results indicate that Hs-CRP levels and IL-18-137(G/C) polymorphism may help to identify risk of future events of CAD in asymptomatic healthy FDRS.
19. Evaluation of Hs-CRP levels and interleukin 18 (-137G/C promoter polymorphism in risk prediction of coronary artery disease in first degree relatives.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rajesh Kumar G
Full Text Available Coronary Artery Disease (CAD is clearly a multifactorial disease that develops from childhood and ultimately leads to death. Several reports revealed having a First Degree Relatives (FDRS with premature CAD is a significant autonomous risk factor for CAD development. C - reactive protein (CRP is a member of the pentraxin family and is the most widely studied proinflammatory biomarker. IL-18 is a pleiotrophic and proinflammatory cytokine which is produced mainly by macrophages and plays an important role in the inflammatory cascade.Hs-CRP levels were estimated by ELISA and Genotyping of IL-18 gene variant located on promoter -137 (G/C by Allele specific PCR in blood samples of 300 CAD patients and 300 controls and 100 FDRS. Promoter Binding sites and Protein interacting partners were identified by Alibaba 2.1 and Genemania online tools respectively. Hs-CRP levels were significantly high in CAD patients followed by FDRS when compared to controls. In IL-18 -137 (G/C polymorphism homozygous GG is significantly associated with occurrence of CAD and Hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in GG genotype subjects when compared to GC and CC. IL-18 was found to be interacting with 100 protein interactants.Our results indicate that Hs-CRP levels and IL-18-137(G/C polymorphism may help to identify risk of future events of CAD in asymptomatic healthy FDRS.
20. Effects of insulin therapy on weight gain and fat distribution in the HF/HS-STZ rat model of type 2 diabetes.
Science.gov (United States)
Skovsø, S; Damgaard, J; Fels, J J; Olsen, G S; Wolf, X A; Rolin, B; Holst, J J
2015-10-01
Insulin therapy is required for many patients with the obesity-related disorder type 2 diabetes, but is also associated with weight gain. The specific location of adipose tissue location matters to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We investigated effects of exogenous insulin on fat distribution in the high-fat/high-sucrose fed rat treated with streptozotocin (HF/HS-STZ) rat model of type 2 diabetes. We also examined effects of insulin therapy on circulating CVD markers, including adiponectin, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein. Male SD rats were HF/HS fed for 5 weeks followed by STZ treatment to mimic the hallmarks of human obesity-associated insulin resistance followed by hyperglycemia. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were used to determine total fat, abdominal fat distribution and liver fat before and after insulin therapy in HF/HS-STZ rats. HbA1c%, TGs, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and adiponectin were analyzed by conventional methods adapted for rats. Insulin therapy lowered HbA1c (Pfat mass (Ptissue as compared with visceral adipose tissue (Pfat were observed after insulin therapy, whereas plasma TG and cholesterol levels were decreased (Pinsulin therapy modulates fat distribution. Specifically, our data show that insulin has a relatively positive effect on CVD-associated parameters, including abdominal fat distribution, lean body mass, adiponectin, TGs and HDL in HF/HS-STZ rats, despite a modest gain in weight.
1. Effect of levosimendan on heart function and hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α levels in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated heart failure
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Wei-Peng Song; Qiang-Hua Guo; Hong-Dan Jia; Ting-Ting Song; Li Liu
2016-01-01
Objective:To observe the effect of levosimendan on heart function and hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α levels in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated heart failure. Methods:A total of80 elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated heart failure were randomly divided into control group (40 cases) and research group (40 cases), the control group was given the basic treatment, and the research group was given levosimendan on the basis of the control group, after 1 weeks’ treatment, to compare the clinical curative effect, LVESD, LVEDD, LVEF, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α.Results:Comparing with the before treatment, the LVEDD, LVESD, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 in two groups after treatment decreased, and LVEF increased, the difference were statistically significant. Comparing with control group after treatment, the LVEDD, LVESD, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 in research group after treatment decreased obviously, and LVEF increased obviously, the difference were statistically significant.Conclusion:It has great clinical curative effect that levosimendan treat elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated heart failure, it can ameliorate heart function and inflammation reaction, safe and reliable, and it is worthy of application.
2. The H2S Donor NaHS Changes the Expression Pattern of H2S-Producing Enzymes after Myocardial Infarction.
Science.gov (United States)
Li, Na; Wang, Ming-Jie; Jin, Sheng; Bai, Ya-Dan; Hou, Cui-Lan; Ma, Fen-Fen; Li, Xing-Hui; Zhu, Yi-Chun
2016-01-01
Aims. To examine the expression patterns of hydrogen sulphide- (H2S-) producing enzymes in ischaemic heart tissue and plasma levels of H2S after 2 weeks of NaHS treatment after myocardial infarction (MI) and to clarify the role of endogenous H2S in the MI process. Results. After MI surgery, 2 weeks of treatment with the H2S donor NaHS alleviated ischaemic injury. Meanwhile, in ischemia myocardium, three H2S-producing enzymes, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) significantly increased. Plasma H2S levels were also elevated. In vitro, NaHS treatment protected cardiomyocytes from hypoxic injury and raised CBS levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Different from in vivo results, however, CSE or 3-MST expression did not change. NaHS treatment increased the activity of CSE/CBS but not of 3-MST. When CSE was either knocked down (in vitro) or knocked out (in vivo), H2S levels significantly decreased, which subsequently exacerbated the ischaemic injury. Meanwhile, the expressions of CBS and 3-MST increased due to compensation. Conclusions. Exogenous H2S treatment changed the expressions of three H2S-producing enzymes and H2S levels after MI, suggesting a new and indirect regulatory mechanism for H2S production and its contribution to cardiac protection. Endogenous H2S plays an important role in protecting ischaemic tissue after MI.
3. H2S Donor NaHS Changes the Production of Endogenous H2S and NO in D-Galactose-Induced Accelerated Ageing.
Science.gov (United States)
Wu, Wei; Hou, Cui-Lan; Mu, Xue-Pan; Sun, Chen; Zhu, Yi-Chun; Wang, Ming-Jie; Lv, Qian-Zhou
2017-01-01
Aims. The study was designed to explore whether hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) generation changed in D-galactose- (D-gal-) induced ageing, the possible effects of exogenous H2S supplementation, and related mechanisms. Results. In D-gal-induced senescent mice, both H2S and NO levels in the heart, liver, and kidney tissues were decreased significantly. A similar trend was observed in D-gal-challenged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Sustained H2S donor (NaHS) treatment for 2 months elevated H2S and NO levels in these mice, and during this period, the D-gal-induced senescent phenotype was reversed. The protective effect of NaHS is associated with a decrease in reactive oxygen species levels and an increase in antioxidants, such as glutathione, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Increased expression of the H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in the heart, liver, and kidney tissues was observed in the NaHS-treated groups. NaHS supplementation also significantly postponed D-gal-induced HUVEC senescence. Conclusions. Endogenous hydrogen sulphide production in both ageing mice and endothelial cells is insufficient. Exogenous H2S can partially rescue ageing-related dysfunction by inducing endogenous H2S and NO production and reducing oxidative stress. Restoring endogenous H2S production may contribute to healthy ageing, and H2S may have antiageing effects.
4. A large multi-centre European study validates high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a clinical biomarker for the diagnosis of diabetes subtypes
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Thanabalasingham, G.; Shah, N.; Vaxillaire, M.;
2011-01-01
. High-sensitivity CRP levels were analysed in individuals with HNF1A-MODY (n = 457), glucokinase (GCK)-MODY (n = 404), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A)-MODY (n = 54) and type 2 diabetes (n = 582) from seven European centres. Three common assays for hsCRP analysis were evaluated. We excluded 121...
5. Proposal to conserve the name Phomopsis citri H.S. Fawc. (Diaporthe citri), with a conserved type, against Phomopsis citri (Sacc.) Traverso & Spessa (Ascomycota, Diaporthales, Diaporthaceae)
Science.gov (United States)
The name Diaporthe citri applies to a fungus that causes a disease on Citrus known as melanose or stem end rot of mature fruit after harvest and occurs widely in North America and Asia. Initially described as the illegitimate Phomopsis citri H.S. Fawc. 1912, non P. citri (Sacc.) Traverso & Spessa 19...
6. Volatiles in Male Flowers of Cucurbita moschata by HS-SPME-GC-MS%HS-SPME-GC-MS分析金钩南瓜雄花挥发性成分
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张伟; 卢引; 李昌勤; 康文艺
2012-01-01
目的:分析金钩南瓜雄花挥发性成分.方法:采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)结合保留指数法,并用峰面积归一化法测定相对百分含量.结果:从金钩南瓜雄花中鉴定出59个化合物,占总峰面积的90.99％.结论:研究表明α-佛手柑油烯含量最高,占总挥发性成分的21.71％.该研究可为进一步开发利用南瓜资源提供科学依据.%Objective: To study the volatile constituents in male flower of Cucurbita moschata. Method; The volatiles were analyzed by head-space solid micro-extraction, coupled with GC-MS and Kovats indices. A quantitative analysis in percent was performed by peak area normalization measurements. Result; Fifty-nine compounds were identified in Jingou accounting for 90.99% of the total volatiles. Conclusion; a-bergamotene (21.71% ) was the highest. The study can provide scientific basis for the further development of the seeds of C. moschata.
7. Evolution of human IgH3'EC duplicated structures: both enhancers HS1,2 are polymorphic with variation of transcription factor's consensus sites.
Science.gov (United States)
Giambra, Vincenzo; Fruscalzo, Alberto; Giufre', Maria; Martinez-Labarga, Cristina; Favaro, Marco; Rocchi, Mariano; Frezza, Domenico
2005-02-14
The enhancer complex regulatory region at the 3' of the immunoglobulin heavy cluster (IgH3'EC) is duplicated in apes along with four constant genes and the region is highly conserved throughout humans. Both human IgH3'ECs consist of three loci high sensitive (HS) to DNAse I with enhancer activity. It is thus possible that the presence of structural divergences between the two IgH3'ECs and of relative polymorphisms correspond to functional regulatory changes. To analyse the polymorphisms of these almost identical regions, it resulted mandatory to identify the presence of divergent sequences, in order to select distinctive primers for specific PCR genomic amplifications. To this aim, we first compared the two entire IgH3'ECs in silicio, utilising the updated GenBank (GB) contigs, then we analysed the two IgH3'ECs by cloning and sequencing amplicons from independent genomes. In silicio analysis showed that several inversions, deletions and short insertions had occurred after the duplication. We analysed in detail, by sequencing specific regions, the polymorphisms occurring in enhancer HS1,2-A (which lies in IgH3'EC-1, 3' to the Calpha-1 gene) and in enhancer HS1,2-B (which lies in IgH3'EC-2, 3' to Calpha-2). Polymorphisms are due to the repetition (occurring one to four times) of a 38-bp sequence present at the 3' of the core of enhancers HS1,2. The structure of both human HS1,2 enhancers has revealed not yet described polymorphic features due to the presence of variable spacer elements separating the 38-bp repetitions and to variable external elements bordering the repetition cluster. We found that one of the external elements gave rise to a divergent allele 3 in the two clusters. The frequency of the different alleles of the two loci varies in the Italian population and allele 3 of both loci are very rare. The analysis of the Callicebus moloch, Gorilla gorilla and Pan troglodytes HS1,2 enhancers showed the transformation from the ancestral structure with the 31- to
8. Cytokines and hs-CRP levels in individuals treated with low-dose aspirin for cardiovascular prevention: a population-based study (CoLaus Study).
Science.gov (United States)
Vaucher, Julien; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Waeber, Gérard; Vollenweider, Peter
2014-04-01
Pro-inflammatory cytokines and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Low-dose aspirin for CV prevention is reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to determine the association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and hs-CRP levels and low-dose aspirin use for cardiovascular prevention in a population-based cohort (CoLaus Study). We assessed blood samples in 6085 participants (3201 women) aged 35-75years. Medications' use and indications were recorded. Among aspirin users (n=1'034; 17%), overall low-dose users (351; 5.8%) and low-dose for cardiovascular prevention users (324; 5.3%) were selected for analysis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were assessed by a multiplex particle-based flow cytometric assay and hs-CRP by an immunometric assay. Cytokines and hs-CRP were presented in quartiles. Multivariate analysis adjusting for sex, age, smoking status, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and immunomodulatory drugs showed no association between cytokines and hs-CRP levels and low-dose aspirin use for cardiovascular prevention, either comparing the topmost vs. the three other quartiles (OR 95% CI, 0.84 (0.59-1.18), 1.03 (0.78-1.32), 1.10 (0.83-1.46), 1.00 (0.67-1.69) for IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP, respectively), or comparing the topmost quartile vs. the first one (OR 95% CI, 0.87 (0.60-1.26), 1.19 (0.79-1.79), 1.26 (0.86-1.84), 1.06 (0.67-1.69)). Low-dose aspirin use for cardiovascular prevention does not impact plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine and hs-CRP levels in a population-based cohort.
9. Evaluation in an emergency department of rapid separator tubes containing thrombin for serum preparation prior to hs-cTnT and CK-MB analyses.
Science.gov (United States)
Budak, Yasemin U; Huysal, Kagan; Bulut, Mehtap; Polat, Murat
2013-01-01
In our emergency department, we collect blood in Rapid Serum Tubes (RSTs; Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ), in which clotting times are reduced. We investigated the influence of RST use on cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) test results, in comparison with the use of tubes featuring a separator gel containing a clotting activator (SSTs; Green-vac, Yongin, Korea). Samples from 60 patients were divided into equal aliquots and placed into RSTs and SSTs; hs-cTnT and CK-MB concentrations were determined using an autoanalyzer (Elecsys 2010) running commercial assays (Roche Diagnostics, Penzberg, Germany). Between-tube differences in CK-MB and hs-cTnT values were compared using the paired t-test, and correlations among variables were evaluated by calculation of Spearman correlation coefficients (r values). Deming regression analysis was performed and Bland-Altman plots were constructed. The hs-cTnT and CK-MB test results obtained from samples placed into RSTs and SSTs did not differ (p > 0.1). The correlations between the concentrations of hs-cTnT and CK-MB in samples placed into RSTs and SSTs were good; both r values were unity (p MB] = 0.95 SST [CK-MB]-0.09 ng/ml. The biases of 1.4 pg/ml (95% CI: minus 8.1-10.7 pg/ml) for hs-cTnT levels and 0.249 ng/ml (95% CI: minus 0.682-1.681 ng/ml) for CK-MB levels assayed using either tube was acceptable. The hs-cTnT and CK-MB test results did not significantly differ when either tube was used. RST tube use was associated with a short clotting time; this was an advantage in an emergency laboratory setting.
10. A network of HSPG core proteins and HS modifying enzymes regulates netrin-dependent guidance of D-type motor neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Stephan Gysi
Full Text Available Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs are proteins with long covalently attached sugar side chains of the heparan sulfate (HS type. Depending on the cellular context HS chains carry multiple structural modifications such as sulfate residues or epimerized sugars allowing them to bind to a wide range of molecules. HSPGs have been found to play extremely diverse roles in animal development and were shown to interact with certain axon guidance molecules. In this study we describe the role of the Caenorhabditis elegans HSPG core proteins Syndecan (SDN-1 and Glypican (LON-2 and the HS modifying enzymes in the dorsal guidance of D-type motor axons, a process controlled mainly by the conserved axon guidance molecule UNC-6/Netrin. Our genetic analysis established the specific HS code relevant for this axon guidance event. Using two sensitized genetic backgrounds, we isolated novel components influencing D-type motor axon guidance with a link to HSPGs, as well as new alleles of several previously characterized axon guidance genes. Interestingly, the dorsal axon guidance defects induced by mutations in zfp-1 or lin-35 depended on the transgene oxIs12 used to visualize the D-type motor neurons. oxIs12 is a large multi-copy transgene that enlarges the X chromosome by approximately 20%. In a search for genes with a comparable phenotype we found that a mutation in the known dosage compensation gene dpy-21 showed similar axon guidance defects as zfp-1 or lin-35 mutants. Thus, derepression of genes on X, where many genes relevant for HS dependent axon guidance are located, might also influence axon guidance of D-type motor neurons.
11. A Network of HSPG Core Proteins and HS Modifying Enzymes Regulates Netrin-Dependent Guidance of D-Type Motor Neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans
Science.gov (United States)
Gysi, Stephan; Rhiner, Christa; Flibotte, Stephane; Moerman, Donald G.; Hengartner, Michael O.
2013-01-01
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are proteins with long covalently attached sugar side chains of the heparan sulfate (HS) type. Depending on the cellular context HS chains carry multiple structural modifications such as sulfate residues or epimerized sugars allowing them to bind to a wide range of molecules. HSPGs have been found to play extremely diverse roles in animal development and were shown to interact with certain axon guidance molecules. In this study we describe the role of the Caenorhabditis elegans HSPG core proteins Syndecan (SDN-1) and Glypican (LON-2) and the HS modifying enzymes in the dorsal guidance of D-type motor axons, a process controlled mainly by the conserved axon guidance molecule UNC-6/Netrin. Our genetic analysis established the specific HS code relevant for this axon guidance event. Using two sensitized genetic backgrounds, we isolated novel components influencing D-type motor axon guidance with a link to HSPGs, as well as new alleles of several previously characterized axon guidance genes. Interestingly, the dorsal axon guidance defects induced by mutations in zfp-1 or lin-35 depended on the transgene oxIs12 used to visualize the D-type motor neurons. oxIs12 is a large multi-copy transgene that enlarges the X chromosome by approximately 20%. In a search for genes with a comparable phenotype we found that a mutation in the known dosage compensation gene dpy-21 showed similar axon guidance defects as zfp-1 or lin-35 mutants. Thus, derepression of genes on X, where many genes relevant for HS dependent axon guidance are located, might also influence axon guidance of D-type motor neurons. PMID:24066155
12. Association between prepulse inhibition of the startle response and latent inhibition of two-way avoidance acquisition: A study with heterogeneous NIH-HS rats.
Science.gov (United States)
Sánchez-González, Ana; Esnal, Aitor; Río-Álamos, Cristóbal; Oliveras, Ignasi; Cañete, Toni; Blázquez, Gloria; Tobeña, Adolf; Fernández-Teruel, Alberto
2016-03-01
This study presents the first evaluation of the associations between responses in two paradigms related to schizophrenia in the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock. NIH-HS rats are a stock of genetically heterogeneous animals that have been derived from eight different inbred strains. A rotational breeding schedule has been followed for more than eighty generations, leading to a high level of genetic recombination that makes the NIH-HS rats a unique tool for studying the genetic basis of (biological, behavioral, disease-related) complex traits. Previous work has dealt with the characterization of coping styles, cognitive and anxiety/fear-related profiles of NIH-HS rats. In the present study we have completed their characterization in two behavioral models, prepulse inhibition (PPI) and latent inhibition (LI) of the two-way active avoidance response, that appear to be related to schizophrenia or to schizophrenia-relevant symptoms. We have found that these rats display PPI for each of the four prepulse intensities tested, allowing their stratification in high, medium and low PPI subgroups. When testing these three subgroups for LI of two-way active avoidance acquisition it has been observed that the LowPPI and MediumPPI subgroups present impaired LI, which, along with the fact that the HighPPI group presents significant LI, allows us to hypothesize that responses in these two paradigms are somehow related and that selection of NIH-HS rats for Low vs HighPPI could make a promising animal model for the study of clusters of schizophrenia-relevant symptoms and their underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
13. COPD患者血清IL-6、IL-8、hs-CRP和IL-18检测的临床意义%Clinical Relevance of Determination the Changes on Serum IL-6, IL-8,hs-CRP and IL-18 Levels in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases(COPD)
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
赵庆琪; 姚加平
2012-01-01
目的:观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者治疗前后血清IL-6、IL-8、hs-CRP和IL-18水平的变化及临床意义.方法:应用放射免疫分析和免疫比浊法对32例COPD患者进行了治疗前后血清IL-6、IL-8、hs-CRP和IL-8检测,并与35名正常健康人作比较.结果:COPD患者在治疗前血清IL-6、IL-8、hs-CRP和IL-18水平均非常显著地高于正常人组(P＜0.01),经中西医结合治疗1个月后与正常人组比较仍有差异(P＜0.05).结论:IL-6、IL-8、hs-CRP和IL-18的测定,可适用为一种筛选方法,其变化可能以不同的方式参与了COPD的发病,此外,该些项目的检测对了解病情、指导治疗具有重要的临床价值.%Objective To observe the clinical significance of changes on serum IL-6, IL-8, hs-CRP and BL-18 levels after treatment in patients with COPD. Methods Serum 11-6, IL-8 (with RIA) , serum hs-CRP(with immunotubidimetry) levels were measured both before and after treatment in 32 patients with COPD as well as in 35 normal controls. Results Before treatment, the serum IL-6, IL-8, hs-CRP, IL-18 levels were significantly higher than those in controls (P < 0.01). After 1 month of treatment the serum IL-6, IL-8, hs-CRP and IL-18 dropped markedly but remained higher difference than those in controls ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Measurement of serum IL-6,IL-8,hs-CRP and IL-18 were suitable to be used as a screening method. Besides, it could take part in pathogenesis of COPD in various ways and the changes of these items levels is of important values to realize pathosis and therapeutic effect.
14. Clinical Significance of Measurement of Serum hs-CRP,IL-8 and IL-10 Levels in Patients with Periodontitis%牙周病患者血清hs-CRP、IL-8和IL-10检测的临床意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
王惠
2012-01-01
Objective To explore the significance of changes on serum hs-CRP,IL-8 and IL-10 levels in patients with periodonti-tis. MethOtS Serum hs-CRP(with immuno-turbidimetry) ,IL-8 (with RIA) ,IL-10 (with ELISA) levels were measured in 32 patients with periodontitis both before and after treatment as well as in 35 normal controls. Results Before treatment serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-8 and IL-10 were extremely higher in the patients than those in controls (P<0.01). After one month of treatment, the serum hs-CRP,IL-8 and IL-10 levels decreased but still significantly higher than those in controls (P <0.05 ) Conclusion Determination of Changes of serum hs-CRP,IL-8 and IL-10 levels has definite value to study pathogenesis, prevention and guide the therapeutic effect in patients with periodontitis.%目的:探讨牙周病患者血清hs-CRP、IL-8和IL-10水平的变化及临床意义.方法:应用放射免疫分析、酶联法和免疫比浊法对32例牙周病患者进行了血清hs-CRP、IL-8和IL-10检测,并与35名正常人作比较.结果:牙周病患者在治疗前血清hs-CRP、IL-8和IL-10水平均非常显著地高于正常人组(P＜0.01),经治疗1个月后与正常人组比较仍有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:检测血清hs-CRP、IL-8和IL-10水平的变化,对探讨牙周病发病机制、预防和指导治疗均有一定的临床价值.
15. Tribocorrosion mechanisms of Ti6Al4V biomedical alloys in artificial saliva with different pHs
Science.gov (United States)
Licausi, M. P.; Igual Muñoz, A.; Amigó Borrás, V.
2013-10-01
Titanium and its alloys has been widely used for the design of dental implants because of its biocompatibility, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The powder-metallurgy process is a promising alternative to the casting fabrication process of titanium alloys for bone implants design as the porous structure mimics the natural bone structures, allowing the bone to grow into the pores which results in a better fixation of the artificial implant. However, under in vivo conditions the implants are subjected to tribocorrosion phenomenon, which consists in the degradation mechanisms due to the combined effect of wear and corrosion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the tribocorrosion behaviour of cast and sintered Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy for dental applications using the cast material as reference. Titanium samples were tested in artificial human saliva solution with three different pHs (3, 6, 9) and in an acidic saliva with 1000 ppm fluorides (AS-3-1000F-) by different electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic curves, potentiostatic tests and tribo-electrochemical tests). Cast and sintered titanium alloys exhibit the same tribocorrosion mechanisms in AS independently of the pH which consists in plastic deformation with passive dissolution, but the addition of fluorides to the acidified solution changes the degradation mechanism towards active dissolution of the titanium alloys.
16. Permeation of tecnazene through human skin in vitro as assessed by HS-SPME and GC-MS.
Science.gov (United States)
Bhatt, Varsha D; Soman, Rajiv S; Miller, Matthew A; Kasting, Gerald B
2008-09-01
Permeation of tecnazene into and through human cadaver skin in vitro was assessed using a CC-MS method employing HS-SPME for receptor solution analyses. Two doses of tecnazene dissolved in acetone, corresponding to 103 and 864 microg/cm2 of tecnazene, were applied to skin mounted on Franz diffusion cells and placed in a fume hood. Cells were either occluded with aluminum foil or left unoccluded. Total absorption of tecnazene (dermis + receptor fluid) after 48 h was 2.2-6.1% of the applied dose for the unoccluded treatments and 22-33% for the occluded treatments. Potentially absorbed dose including all tecnazene that may have eventually permeated the skin ranged from 10% unoccluded to 42-53% occluded. Accumulation in the receptor solutions was satisfactorily described by a working diffusion model after upward adjustment of the partition coefficient for tecnazene in all skin layers by a factor of 5-16 versus a priori values. However, residual amounts of tecnazene in both the epidermis and dermis were higher than those estimated from the model, suggesting the existence of tissue binding not accounted for in the calculation. The results indicate that the diffusion model as presently calibrated may significantly underestimate both systemic absorption and skin concentrations of highly lipophilic compounds, as predicted from data generated from in vitro skin permeation assays. Model predictions could be improved by better accounting for partitioning into the epidermis and dermis.
17. Inactivation of Escherichia coli by photochemical reaction of ferrioxalate at slightly acidic and near-neutral pHs.
Science.gov (United States)
Cho, Min; Lee, Yunho; Chung, Hyenmi; Yoon, Jeyong
2004-02-01
Fenton chemistry, which is known to play an effective role in degrading toxic chemicals, is difficult to apply to disinfection in water treatment, since its reaction is effective only at the acidic pH of 3. The presence of oxalate ions and UV-visible light, which is known as a photoferrioxalate system, allows the Fe(III) to be dissolved at slightly acidic and near-neutral pHs and maintains the catalytic reaction of iron. This study indicates that the main oxidizing species in the photoferrioxalate system responsible for microorganism inactivation is OH radical. Escherichia coli was used as an indicator microorganism. The CT value (OH radical concentration x contact time; used to indicate the effect of the combination of the concentration of the disinfectant and the contact time on inactivation) for a 2-log inactivation of E. coli was approximately 1.5 x 10(-5) mg/liter/min, which is approximately 2,700 times lower than that of ozone as estimated by the delayed Chick-Watson model. Since the light emitted by the black light blue lamp is similar to sunlight in the specific wavelength range of 300 to 420 nm, the photoferrioxalate system, which can have a dual function, treating water for both organic pollutants and microorganisms simultaneously, shows promise for the treatment of water or wastewater in remote or rural sites. However, the photoferrioxalate disinfection system is slower in inactivating microorganisms than conventional disinfectants are.
18. Inoculum type response to different pHs on biohydrogen production from L-arabinose, a component of hemicellulosic biopolymers
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Abreu, A.A.; Danko, A.S.; Costa, J.C.; Ferreira, E.C.; Alves, M.M. [IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga (Portugal)
2009-02-15
Biohydrogen production from arabinose was examined using four different anaerobic sludges with different pHs ranging from 4.5 to 8.0. Arabinose (30 g l{sup -1}) was used as the substrate for all experiments. Individual cumulative hydrogen production data was used to estimate the three parameters of the modified Gompertz equation. Higher hydrogen production potentials were observed for higher pH values for all the sludges. G2 (acclimated granular sludge) showed the highest hydrogen production potential and percentage of arabinose consumption compared to the other sludges tested. Granular sludges (G1 and G2) showed different behaviour than the suspended sludges (S1 and S2). The differences were observed to be smaller lag phases, the percentage of acetate produced, the higher percentage of ethanol produced, and the amount of arabinose consumed. A high correlation (R{sup 2} = 0.973) was observed between the percentage of n-butyrate and the percentage of ethanol in G1 sludge, suggesting that ethanol/butyrate fermentation was the dominant fermentative pathway followed by this sludge. In S1, however, the percentage of n-butyrate was highly correlated with the percentage of acetate (R{sup 2} = 0.980). This study indicates that granular sludge can be used for larger pH ranges without reducing its capacity to consume arabinose and achieve higher hydrogen production potentials. (author)
19. Putting Citizen-Collected Observations to Work -- The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS)
Science.gov (United States)
Doesken, N.
2015-12-01
When CoCoRaHS was born (1998), climate-relevant information was far from our minds. We were simply enlisting volunteers to help capture, display and communicate the nature of small scale variability within northern Colorado storms. Climate change was talked about then, but not with the sense of concern and urgency as today. Now, many years later, the simple back-yard precipitation measurements being taken by thousands of volunteers across much of North America are creating valuable and easily-accessible data and information serving many and varied purposes from federal and state climate monitoring to drought and extreme storm analysis and research. Many volunteers have been with the project now for a decade or longer and have contributed literally thousands of individual observations and reports. Long-time participants along with recent recruits of all ages are seeing first-hand how day by day observations of weather conditions combine - over time and space -- to define and describe key elements of our climate and its variations. The fact that the data from volunteers are frequently used and applied by scientists and decision makers is one of the key factors in retaining long-term volunteers. Examples will be presented of volunteer precipitation data being used both independently and in combination with data from federal monitoring systems. Challenges of maintaining a large volunteer network will be discussed along with some plans and opportunities for the future.
20. The temporal spectrum of the sdB pulsating star HS 2201+2610 at 2 ms resolution
Science.gov (United States)
Silvotti, R.; Janulis, R.; Schuh, S. L.; Charpinet, S.; Oswalt, T.; Silvestri, N.; Gonzalez Perez, J. M.; Kalytis, R.; Meištas, E.; Ališauskas, D.; Marinoni, S.; Jiang, X. J.; Reed, M. D.; Riddle, R. L.; Bernabei, S.; Heber, U.; Bärnbantner, O.; Cordes, O.; Dreizler, S.; Goehler, E.; Østensen, R.; Bochanski, J.; Carlson, G.
2002-07-01
In this article we present the results of more than 180 hours of time-series photometry on the low gravity (log g=5.4, Teff=29 300 K, log He/H=-3.0 by number) sdB pulsating star HS 2201+2610, obtained between September 2000 and August 2001. The temporal spectrum is resolved and shows 5 close frequencies: three main signals at 2860.94, 2824.10 and 2880.69 mu Hz, with amplitudes of about 1%, 0.5% and 0.1% respectively, are detected from single run observations; two further peaks with very low amplitude (Max-Plank-Institute für Astronomie Heidelberg jointly with the Spanish National Commission for Astronomy), SARA 0.9 m (Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy, at Kitt Peak, Arizona), Tenerife 0.8 m (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), NOT 2.6 m (operated on the island of La Palma jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Beijing 0.85 m (Beijing Astronomical Observatory), Fick 0.6 m (Iowa State University), Wendelstein 0.8 m (University of Munich).
1. Computer simulation of the CSPAD, ePix10k, and RayonixMX170HS X-ray detectors
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
2015-08-21
The invention of free-electron lasers (FELs) has opened a door to an entirely new level of scientific research. The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is an X-ray FEL that houses several instruments, each with its own unique X-ray applications. This light source is revolutionary in that while its properties allow for a whole new range of scientific opportunities, it also poses numerous challenges. For example, the intensity of a focused X-ray beam is enough to damage a sample in one mere pulse; however, the pulse speed and extreme brightness of the source together are enough to obtain enough information about that sample, so that no further measurements are necessary. An important device in the radiation detection process, particularly for X-ray imaging, is the detector. The power of the LCLS X-rays has instigated a need for better performing detectors. The research conducted for this project consisted of the study of X-ray detectors to imitate their behaviors in a computer program. The analysis of the Rayonix MX170-HS, CSPAD, and ePix10k in particular helped to understand their properties. This program simulated the interaction of X-ray photons with these detectors to discern the patterns of their responses. A scientist’s selection process of a detector for a specific experiment is simplified from the characterization of the detectors in the program.
2. The Wide-Angle Outflow of the Lensed z = 1.51 AGN HS 0810+2554
CERN Document Server
Chartas, G; Hamann, F; Eracleous, M; Strickland, S; Giustini, M; Misawa, T
2016-01-01
We present results from X-ray observations of the gravitationally lensed z = 1.51 AGN HS 0810+2554 performed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton. Blueshifted absorption lines are detected in both observations at rest-frame energies ranging between ~1-12 keV at > 99% confidence. The inferred velocities of the outflowing components range between ~0.1c and ~0.4c. A strong emission line at ~6.8 keV accompanied by a significant absorption line at ~7.8 keV is also detected in the Chandra observation. The presence of these lines is a characteristic feature of a P-Cygni profile supporting the presence of an expanding outflowing highly ionized iron absorber in this quasar. Modeling of the P-Cygni profile constrains the covering factor of the wind to be > 0.6, assuming disk shielding. A disk-reflection component is detected in the XMM-Newton observation accompanied by blueshifted absorption lines. The XMM-Newton observation constrains the inclination angle to be < 45 degrees at 90% confidence, assuming...
3. An environmental scan of an aged care workplace using the PARiHS model: assessing preparedness for change.
Science.gov (United States)
Gibb, Heather
2013-03-01
The environmental scan aimed to deepen our understanding of the aged care work culture and to ascertain the readiness of the workers to advance towards team-based quality care provision. The workplace context was a high-care unit within a large residential aged care facility. We used the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) framework to assess workplace readiness via interviews, individual surveys and observation of practice. A profile of current culture emerged as mutually supportive and task focused, but at the same time lacking corporate team features of shared decision-making and feedback for practice improvement. However, latent within the frontline leaders and personal care staff, there was evidence of some embedded knowledge and capacity for corporate team performance. This study has validated an evidence-based method for conducting environmental scanning in aged care, recommended before any major change is introduced. Environmental scanning helps gauge workforce capacity and limitations; this information can enable managers to capitalize on identified cultural strengths to fortify change and avoid pitfalls of personal and collective vulnerabilities. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
4. Identification of volatile components in Chinese Sinkiang fermented camel milk using SAFE, SDE, and HS-SPME-GC/MS.
Science.gov (United States)
Ning, Li; Fu-Ping, Zheng; Hai-Tao, Chen; Si-Yuan, Liu; Chen, Gu; Zhen-Yang, Song; Bao-Guo, Sun
2011-12-01
The volatile components of Chinese Sinkiang fermented camel milk were isolated by solvent assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE, dichloromethane and diethyl ether as solvent, respectively) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME, CAR/PDMS, PDMS/DVB and DVB/CAR/PDMS fibre extraction, respectively) and analysed by GC/MS. A total of 133 volatile components were identified under 6 different conditions, including 30 esters, 20 acids, 18 saturated alcohols, 15 unsaturated aliphatic alcohols, 8 saturated ketones, 9 saturated aldehydes, 8 unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes, 6 furans, 5 sulphur-containing compounds, 5 ethers, 5 lactones, 3 other compounds, and 1 unsaturated aliphatic ketone. Three pretreatment methods were compared, assisted by principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that the volatile components obtained using different methods varied greatly both in categories and in content, and therefore, a multi-pretreatment method should be adopted together with GC/MS. A total of 71 aroma-active compounds were detected by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), among which 66 aroma-active compounds were found by SDE (60, dichloromethane as solvent; 24, diethyl ether as solvent), 26 by SAFE.
5. SIRT1 deacetylates SATB1 to facilitate MAR HS2-MAR ε interaction and promote ε-globin expression.
Science.gov (United States)
Xue, Zheng; Lv, Xiang; Song, Wei; Wang, Xing; Zhao, Guang-Nian; Wang, Wen-Tian; Xiong, Jian; Mao, Bei-Bei; Yu, Wei; Yang, Ben; Wu, Jie; Zhou, Li-Quan; Hao, De-Long; Dong, Wen-Ji; Liu, De-Pei; Liang, Chih-Chuan
2012-06-01
The higher order chromatin structure has recently been revealed as a critical new layer of gene transcriptional control. Changes in higher order chromatin structures were shown to correlate with the availability of transcriptional factors and/or MAR (matrix attachment region) binding proteins, which tether genomic DNA to the nuclear matrix. How posttranslational modification to these protein organizers may affect higher order chromatin structure still pending experimental investigation. The type III histone deacetylase silent mating type information regulator 2, S. cerevisiae, homolog 1 (SIRT1) participates in many physiological processes through targeting both histone and transcriptional factors. We show that MAR binding protein SATB1, which mediates chromatin looping in cytokine, MHC-I and β-globin gene loci, as a new type of SIRT1 substrate. SIRT1 expression increased accompanying erythroid differentiation and the strengthening of β-globin cluster higher order chromatin structure, while knockdown of SIRT1 in erythroid k562 cells weakened the long-range interaction between two SATB1 binding sites in the β-globin locus, MAR(HS2) and MAR(ε). We also show that SIRT1 activity significantly affects ε-globin gene expression in a SATB1-dependent manner and that knockdown of SIRT1 largely blocks ε-globin gene activation during erythroid differentiation. Our work proposes that SIRT1 orchestrates changes in higher order chromatin structure during erythropoiesis, and reveals the dynamic higher order chromatin structure regulation at posttranslational modification level.
6. Multianalytical Method Validation for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Solvents of Abuse in Oral Fluid by HS-GC/MS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bruna Claudia Coppe
2016-01-01
Full Text Available The use of oral fluid as a biological matrix to monitor the use of drugs of abuse is a global trend because it presents several advantages and good correlation to the blood level. Thus, the present work aimed to develop and validate an analytical method for quantification and detection of solvents used as inhalants of abuse in oral fluid (OF, using Quantisal™ as collector device by headspace and gas chromatography coupled with a mass detector (HS-GC/MS. Chromatographic separation was performed with a ZB-BAC1 column and the total time of analysis was 11.8 min. The method showed good linearity (correlation coefficient higher than 0.99 for all solvents. The limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 5 mg/L, while the lower limits of quantification ranged from 2.5 to 12.5 mg/L. Accuracy, precision, matrix effect, and residual effect presented satisfactory results, meeting the criteria accepted for the validation of bioanalytical methods. The method showed good selectivity considering that, for solvents coeluting at the same retention time, resolution was performed by the mass detector. The method developed proved to be adequate when applied in OF samples from users of drugs and may be used to monitor the abuse of inhalants in routine forensic analyses.
7. Decreased expression of alpha-2-HS glycoprotein in the sera of rats treated with Eurycoma longifolia extract
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yeng eChen
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Eurycoma longifolia is a Malaysian native herb that has been widely used as an aphrodisiac and a remedy for andropause. Although the physiological effects of the plant extract were predicted as a result of the alterations in protein expression, the key protein(s involved in these alterations are still unclear. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of standardized Eurycoma longifolia extract on serum protein expression up to 28 days following oral administration in rats. Serum protein profiles were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and altered proteins were identified via mass spectrometry. We observed that alpha-2-HS glycoprotein (AHS was significantly decreased in the serum of experimentally treated rats compared to controls. Moreover, reduction in AHS was confirmed using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AHS expression is known to be associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Our data indicated that serum AHS was reduced in rats treated with standardized E. longifolia extract, and therefore form a prelude for further investigation into the effects of this natural extract in animal models involving infertility and diabetes.
8. 支气管肺炎患儿治疗前后血清hs-CRP、IL-18和IL-1β检测的临床意义%Clinical significance of changes of serum hs-CRP,IL-18 and IL-1β levels in patients with bronchopneumonia
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
黄德芳; 刘党英
2011-01-01
目的 探讨支气管肺炎患儿治疗前后血清hs-CRP、IL-18和IL-1β含量变化及意义.方法 应用免疫比浊法和ELIA法对33例支气管肺炎患儿进行了治疗前后血清hs-CRP、IL-18和IL-1β的检测,并与35名正常健康儿作比较.结果 支气管肺炎患儿治疗前后血清hs-CRP、IL-18和IL-1β水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01)且血清hs-CRP、IL-18和IL-1β水平呈明显正相关(r=0.5084,0.6123,P<0.01).结论 血清hs-CRP、IL-18和IL-1β水平的变化与支气管肺炎的发生和发展有关.
9. COPD患者治疗前后血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8检测的临床意义%Clinical Significance of Determination of Serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 Levels After Treatment in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
胡蓉
2007-01-01
目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者治疗前后血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平的变化及意义.方法:应用放免法和免疫比浊法对46例COPD患者进行治疗前后血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8检测,并与35名正常健康人作比较.结果:COPD患者在治疗前血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平均非常显著地高于正常人组(P＜0.01),综合治疗后2周,除hs-CRP水平与正常人比较无差异外,TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平与正常人组比较仍有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8可能以不同的方式参与了COPD的发病,其水平的检测对于了解病情、指导治疗具有重要的临床价值.
10. Changes and Significance of Serum hs-CRP Level in Patients with Gouty Arthritis or Rheumatoid Arthritis%痛风性关节炎及类风湿性关节炎患者血清hs-CRP水平的变化和意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
孙际明
2010-01-01
目的 观察痛风性关节炎(gouty arthritis)及类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者血清中超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平的变化.方法 选择健康体检者42例为对照组,痛风性关节炎组30例,类风湿性关节炎组20例及高尿酸血症组40例用全自动生化分析仪分别检测血清中hs-CRP、UA、RF的水平并进行统计学分析.结果 痛风性关节炎组及类风湿性关节炎组hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),痛风性关节炎组hs-CRP水平明显高于高尿酸血症组(P＜0.05).结论 hs-CRP可作为痛风性关节炎和类风湿性关节炎的诊断指标之一.
11. HS-SPME结合GC-MS分析冷冻对欧李果香气的影响%Analysis of the Effects of Freezing on the Aroma of Cerasus Humilis by HS-SPME-GC-MS
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
周立华; 牟德华; 李艳
2016-01-01
香气影响水果的品质和加工特性。欧李果香气独特，但因成熟期短而集中给贮藏和加工带来困难，冷冻保藏是常用的方法。本研究采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合气质联用（GC-MS）技术检测了冷冻前后欧李果汁的香气成分，分析研究冷冻对欧李果香气的影响。结果表明，欧李果经-20℃冷冻保藏后，香气物质占总挥发性物质的含量减少了6.67%。冷冻前后共检出95种香气成分，其中，冷冻前检测出64种，冷冻后检测出65种。香气物质种类总数变化不大，主体香气物质为乙酸-3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇酯和梨醇酯，含量分别占冷冻前后总香气物质含量的44.87%和46.37%，但是这两种香气物质的比例发生了很大变化，乙酸-3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇酯冷冻后含量增加，从30.55%升高到40.52%。而梨醇酯经过冷冻从29.48%下降到16.93%。因此，冷冻不仅不会影响欧李果的加工特性，还增强了果实的成熟香气。%Aroma influences the quality and the processing of fruits. The aroma of Cerasus Humilis is unique, but its short maturity brings diffi-culty to the storage and fruit processing, and freezing storage is the commonly used method to solve the problem. In this study, the flavoring components of Cerasus Humilis juice before and after the freezing were detected by HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS, and the effects of freez-ing on the aroma of Cerasus Humilis were analyzed. The results suggested that, after freezing storage of Cerasus Humilis at-20℃, the content of flavoring components in total volatile substances decreased by 6.67%. 64 kinds of flavoring compounds were detected before the freezing and 65 kinds of flavoring compounds were detected after the freezing (95 kinds of flavoring compounds detected in total), and there was only a little change in flavoring compounds before and after the freezing. Butene-1-methyl-3-acetic acid esters and sorbitol esters were the
12. Analysis of Volatile Constituents of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)Leaves by HS-SPME-GC/MS%胡椒叶片挥发性成分HS-SPME-GC/MS分析
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
范睿; 郝朝运; 秦晓威; 徐飞; 邬华松
2015-01-01
以胡椒属种质蒌叶、墨西哥胡椒、假荜拔为材料,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱和质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC/MS)技术测定3种种质叶片中的挥发性成分及用面积归一法计算其相对含量.结果表明:鉴定出蒌叶、墨西哥胡椒、假荜拔的挥发性成分59种,其中从蒌叶中共鉴定出挥发性成分36种,其含量较高的有安息香醛、荜澄茄油烯和β-石竹烯,相对含量分别为23.56％、9.36％和8.54％;从墨西哥胡椒中鉴定出挥发性成分18种,其中含量较高的有肉桂醛、萜品烯和萜品油烯,相对含量分别为77.98％、5.88％和5.11％;而假荜菝叶片挥发性成分有25种,含量较高的有β-石竹烯、罗勒烯和芳樟醇.挥发性成分的种类在3种胡椒属种质中都不相同,总的相对百分含量也不同,说明不同的种质,叶片挥发性成分有一定的差异.
13. WEEE与RoHs
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
2007-01-01
WEEE（Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment）——废电机电子设备指令WEEE指令实施的目的，最主要就是防治电子电气废弃物，此外是实现这些废弃物的再利用，再循环使用和其它形式的回收，以减少废弃物的处理。同时也努力改进涉及电子电气设备生命周期的所有操作人员，如生产者、销售商、消费者，特别是直接涉及报废电子电器设备处理人员的环保行为。
14. 牙周治疗对冠心病伴牙周炎患者血清HsCRP、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平的影响%The Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Serum HsCRP,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 Level of Coronary Heart Disease Patients with Periodontitis
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
邓泽亚; 卢俊慧; 黎秀珍
2014-01-01
To investigate the effect of periodontal therapy on serum HsCRP,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 level of coronary heart disease patients with periodontitis.Method:95 coronary heart disease patients with periodontitis were selected from June 2012 to June 2013 in our hospital during the period,all patients were given periodontal intervention.The serum TNF-α,HsCRP,IL-6,IL-1βlevel changes and(periodontitis)attachment level improved correlation were compared before the intervention and 6 months after intervention.Result:After treatment, the serum TNF-α,HsCRP,IL-6,IL-1β levels were decreased significantly,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01),the serum TNF-α,HsCRP,IL-6,IL-1βlevels were negatively correlated with(periodontitis) attachment level,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The periodontal treatment can effectively reduce serum HsCRP,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 level of coronary heart disease patients with periodontitis, and serum TNF-α,HsCRP,IL-6,IL-1βlevels are negatively correlated with(periodontitis)attachment level,and to some extent can predict the degree of improvement in patients with periodontitis.%目的：探讨牙周治疗对冠心病伴牙周炎患者血清HsCRP、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平的影响。方法：选取2012年6月-2013年6月期间本院收治的95例冠心病伴牙周炎患者，均进行牙周综合干预，比较干预前与干预6个月后血清TNF-α，HsCRP、IL-6、IL-1β水平的变化及（牙周炎）附着水平改善的相关性。结果：治疗后患者血清TNF-α，HsCRP、IL-6、IL-1β水平均较治疗前显著降低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）；患者血清TNF-α，HsCRP、IL-6、IL-1β水平与（牙周炎）附着水平呈负相关，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：牙周治疗可有效降低冠心病伴牙周炎患者血清HsCRP、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平，且患者血清TNF-α、HsCRP、IL-6、IL-1β水平与（牙周炎）附着水平呈负
15. CHANGES OF COPEPTIN, cTnI AND Hs-CRP AND THEIR CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME%急性冠状动脉综合征病人血浆和肽素、cTnI和 Hs-CRP变化及意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
闫小菊; 刘松; 李霞
2011-01-01
目的 探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)病人血浆和肽素、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)与高敏C-反应蛋白(HsCRP)的变化及其临床意义.方法 因胸痛入院的病人196例,经冠状动脉造影术(CAG)检查后分为CAG正常组、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组、非ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)组和ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)组,测定各组病人入院时血浆和肽素、cTnI及Hs-CRP含量.结果 UAP组、NSTEMI组和STEMI组和肽素、cTnI及Hs-CRP水平高于CAG正常组(H=42.57～141.35,P＜0.05);NSTEMI组和STEMI组和肽素、cTnI及HsCRP水平高于UAP组(H=9.72～107.45,P＜0.05).左主干病变组较单支病变组、双支病变组、三支病变组和肽素、cTnI及Hs-CRP水平明显升高(H=7.26～35.72,P＜0.05).结论 ACS病人血浆和肽素、cTnI及HsCRP水平升高,并且和肽素和cTnI在一定程度内可以反映冠状动脉病变严重程度,对ACS病人的危险分层、治疗决策及预后判断具有一定临床价值.%Objective To explore the clinical significance of C-terminal portion of provasopressin (Copeptin), cTnI and Hs-CRP in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods This study consisted of 194 patients who were hospitalized with chest pain.According to coronary angiography (CAG), they were classified into four groups as: CAG normal, unstable angina pectoris (UAP), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEM1).Plasma copeptin, cTnI and Hs-CRP were measured on admission.Results Plasma levels of copeptin, cTnI and Hs-CRP in patients of groups UAP, NSTEMI and STEMI were significantly higher than that in CAG normal group (H=42.57-141.35, P＜0.05).The levels of copeptin, cTnI and Hs-CRP in patients of groups NSTEMI and STEMI were higher than that in UAP group (H=9.72-107.45,P＜0.05).The patients with left main coronary stenosis had a higher level of copeptin, cTnI and Hs-CRP than those with a single-, double-or triple-branch coronary
16. Effects and implications of physical modalities on hs-CRP, TNF-α and adiponectin in patients with cerebral infarction%物理因子治疗对脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP、TNF-α和脂联素的影响及其意义
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
阳小云; 王小梅; 陈昕; 侯敢; 杨明
2008-01-01
Objective To observe the effects of physical agents therapy on serum hs-CRP, TNF-α andadiponectin in patients with cerebral infarction and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Sixty patientswith cerebral infarction were randomly and equally divided into two groups: 30 cases were treated with physical a-gents therapy ( physical therapy group) , and 30 with drugs only ( drug treated group). Thirty normal subjectsserved as the control group. The level of hs-CRP in the serum was determined by latex agglutination reaction, TNF-and adiponectin were determined by using ELISA before and after therapy. Results The levels of serum hs-CRP and TNF-α of patients with cerebral infarction before therapy were much higher than those of the control group,but adiponectin was significantly lower than those of the control group( P < 0.01 ). After therapy, the levels of ser-um hs-CRP and TNF-α were decreased and adiponectin was increased significantly in both treated groups ( P <0.01 ). Comparison with two treated groups showed that the levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α were lower and adiponec-tin was obviously higher in physical agents therapy group than those in the drug treated group ( P < 0.05 ). Con-clusion The patients with cerebral infarction have low level of serum adiponectin. Physical therapy might exertbeneficial effects on patients with cerebral infarction by the decreasing serum hs-CRP and TNF-α, as well as by ele-vating adiponectin.%目的 观察物理因子治疗对脑梗死患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和脂联素水平的影响,并探讨其可能机制.方法 60例脑梗死患者随机分为物理因子治疗组(综合组)30例和单纯药物治疗组(药物组)30例,并于治疗前、后用乳胶凝集反应法测定血清hs-CRP水平、ELISA法测定血清TNF-α和脂联素含量.并选取30例健康体检者作为正常对照组(对照组).结果 脑梗死患者治疗前,血清hs-CRP和TNF-α.
17. HIGH-SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (hsCRP IN YOUNG ADULTS: RELATION TO AEROBIC CAPACITY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
K. Mazurek
2011-11-01
Full Text Available Atheromatosis develops as a result of a chronic inflammatory process of the arteries. Inflammatory biomarkers, particularly high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP, positively correlate with atheromatosis risk factors and can be used to estimate and predict the risk of cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hsCRP concentration and BMI, body composition, classical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, energy expenditure for physical activity (WEE and ·VO2max. 166 volunteers (78 women and 88 men were included in the examinations. Their mean age was 20.2±0.9 years. Health condition was described by the following variables: smoking, WEE, ·VO2max, body mass index (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, fat mass (FM, fat-free mass (FFM, lipid profile, hsCRP, glucose and insulin concentration, and insulin resistance. Between the subgroups created on the basis of hsCRP concentration, in quartiles 1 to 3 and quartile 4, a comparative analysis was carried out. 79.5�0of women and 69.3�0of men had hsCRP values within the references ranges. Moderately high values were found in 14.1�0of women and 22.7�0of men and high in 6.4�0and 7.9�20respectively. Mean values of BMI, FFM, WHR, WEE, ·VO2max, glucose and triglyceride concentration, and TC/HDL index were significantly lower, while FM and HDL were significantly higher, in women than in men. In the quartile 4 subgroup compared to the quartile 1-3 subgroup, we found significantly lower HDL concentration and a tendency for higher values of BMI (p=0.06 and TC (p=0.07 as well as higher percentages of smoking among men. In young, physically active, healthy persons, serum concentration of hsCRP is not related to physical activity or ·VO2max.
18. KIMS, CEDIA, and HS-CEDIA immunoassays are inadequately sensitive for detection of benzodiazepines in urine from patients treated for chronic pain.
Science.gov (United States)
Darragh, Alicia; Snyder, Marion L; Ptolemy, Adam S; Melanson, Stacy
2014-01-01
Patients treated for chronic pain may frequently undergo urine drug testing to monitor medication compliance and detect undisclosed prescribed or illicit drug use. Due to the increasing use and abuse of benzodiazepines, this class of medications is often included in drug screening panels. However, immunoassay-based methods lack the requisite sensitivity for detecting benzodiazepine use in this population primarily due to their poor cross-reactivity with several major urinary benzodiazepine metabolites. A High Sensitivity Cloned Enzyme Donor Immunoassay (HS-CEDIA), in which beta-glucuronidase is added to the reagent, has been shown to perform better than traditional assays, but its performance in patients treated for chronic pain is not well characterized. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of HS-CEDIA, as compared to the Cloned Enzyme Donor Immunoassay (CEDIA) and Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS) screening immunoassays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), for monitoring benzodiazepine use in patients treated for chronic pain. A study of the diagnostic accuracy of urine benzodiazepine immunoassays. The study was conducted at an academic tertiary care hospital with a clinical laboratory that performs urine drug testing for monitoring medication compliance in pain management. A total of 299 urine specimens from patients treated for chronic pain were screened for the presence of benzodiazepines using the HS-CEDIA, CEDIA, and KIMS assays. The sensitivity and specificity of the screening assays were determined using the LC-MS/MS results as the reference method. Of the 299 urine specimens tested, 141 (47%) confirmed positive for one or more of the benzodiazepines/metabolites by LC-MS/MS. All 3 screens were 100% specific with no false-positive results. The CEDIA and KIMS sensitivities were 55% (78/141) and 47% (66/141), respectively. Despite the relatively higher sensitivity of the HS-CEDIA screening assay (78%; 110
19. 基线hs-CRP和LDL-C水平与不同急性冠状动脉综合征急性期预后的相关性及意义%Correlation and significance of baseline hs-CRP and LDL-C levels with acute coronary syndrome prognosis
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
曹春辉; 黄军; 王仲华; 方永祥; 张晓红
2012-01-01
目的 探讨基线高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)急性期预后的相关性及意义.方法 选取某院98例冠状动脉综合征患者,所有患者入院24h内测定基线状态的hs-CRP和LDL-C水平,治疗30 d后,按出现死亡、事件和无事件将患者分成3组,将3组患者基线hs-CRP和LDL-C水平进行比较分析,并对死亡组和事件组包括性别、年龄、hs-CRP、LDL-C在内的多项危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,判断各因素对死亡率和事件发生率的影响.结果 治疗30 d后,死亡组的基线hs-CRP水平(61.3±35.1)显著高于事件组(35.2±17.3)和无事件组(11.9±5.2),P＜0.05;死亡组的基线LDL-C水平(3.5±1.2)与事件组(3.4±2.1)和无事件组(3.1±1.8),差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;Logistic回归分析发现,基线hs-CRP水平(OR=3.126)、ST异常抬高(OR=2.831)、LVEF(OR=2.143)、Cr水平(OR=2.809)、糖尿病(OR=3.219)等是影响死亡的危险因素,P＜0.05;高血压(OR=2.723)、中风史(OR=2.185)、吸烟(OR=2.139)、基线hs-CRP水平(OR=2.536)、ST异常抬高(OR=2.941)、LVEF(OR=2.735)、Cr水平(OR=3.023)是影响血管事件的危险因素,P＜0.05;事件组和无事件组的hs-CRP水平较治疗前均显著降低,P＜0.05;两组LDL-C水平治疗后较治疗前均略有降低,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论 ACS患者急性期死亡和事件与hs-CRP水平明显相关,但与基线LDL-C水平无关.治疗后Hs-CRP水平明显降低,可作为急性期治疗的靶目标.%OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation and significance for baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) levels in the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS 98 cases of coronary syndrome patients in our hospital were chosen. The level of baseline hs-CRP and LDL-C of all patients in our hospital within 24 hours was measured. The determination of
20. Analysis of Changes of Serum Hs-CRP and Myocardial Enzyme Before and After Treatment of Chronic Cardiopulmonary Disease%慢性肺心病治疗前后的血清hs-CRP及心肌酶水平等变化分析
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陈芸; 王鹏; 李东敏
2016-01-01
Objective To investigate the changes of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, myocardial enzyme and B-type natriuretic peptide of patients in the acute attack stage and remission stage of chronic cardiopulmonary disease. Methods 120 patients with chronic cardiopulmonary disease were selected, including 60 cases in the acute attack stage and 60 cases in the remission stage, and serum hs-CRP and myocardial enzymes of those patients were detected. 60 cases of healthy cases were selected into the control group. Results Hs-CRP, BNP, CK-MB, CK, LDH, AST levels of patients with chronic cardiopulmonary disease were signifi-cantly higher than those of the healthy patients in the control group, the levels of those indexes in the acute attack stage remarkably higher than those in the remission period (P<0. 01). After treatment, hs-CRP, BNP and myocardial enzyme levels of patients in the acute attack stage decreased significantly (P<0. 01). Conclusion Serum hs-CRP and myocardial enzyme levels obviously increases in the patients with chronic cardiopulmonary disease, especially in the acute attack stage, thus it can be regarded as an important indi-cator in the emergency, development and curative effect judgment of this disease.%目的：探讨慢性肺心病急性发作期及治疗缓解期的血清超敏C反应蛋白、心肌酶及血清B型钠尿肽的变化。方法选取120例慢性肺心病患者，其中急性发作期60例，缓解期60例，检测其血清hs-CRP及心肌酶，并以60例健康体检者作为对照。结果慢性肺心病患者的hs-CRP、 BNP、 CK-MB、 CK、 LDH、 AST水平显著高于健康对照组，而急性发作期则明显高于缓解期P<0.01。经治疗，急性发作期患者的hs-CRP、 BNP及心肌酶水平均明显下降P<0.01。结论慢性肺心病患者血清hs-CRP、心肌酶水平显著升高，尤其是急性发作期，故可作为预测慢性肺心病产生、进展及疗效判断的重要指标。
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# Yearly changes in solar radiation over New Caledonia and relations with changing atmospheric properties
Abstract : New Caledonia, a large island in Tropical Pacific Ocean, experiences a very sunny weather. As an average, approximately 60 % of the solar radiation available at the top of atmosphere reaches the ground. Solar radiation is an option for energy production. Because of the low cloudiness, direct solar radiation received on a plane normal to the sun rays (DNI) is large and this raises interest in exploitation of concentrating solar technologies (CST) that concentrate sun rays to produce electricity. A preliminary study has been performed to assess the potentials of DNI. Local measurements reveal a decrease in direct and global solar radiation since 2004. DNI has decreased by 15 % over 10 years and the global radiation on a horizontal surface by 10 %. One reason is an increase in cloudiness. The ICOADS (International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) of the NOAA shows an increase from 2004 to 2006 but then a slightly declining plateau of the cloud cover for the area comprised between-18 • and-22 • N and 157 • to 163 • E. Cloud cover cannot be the sole cause of the decrease in solar radiation. Another reason is an increase in aerosol load. The MACC (Monitoring Atmosphere Composition and Climate) projects, funded by the European Commission, provide data sets on aerosol properties, from 2004 till present, as well as total column contents in water vapor and ozone. These data sets are a valuable tool to describe the dynamics of aerosol from year to year. Analysis of these data and estimates of the DNI and global radiation in clear sky conditions provided by the McClear model exploiting the MACC data sets reveal an increase in the optical depth of the aerosols that yields a decrease of the DNI under clear sky conditions related to the decrease of the observed DNI.
Type de document :
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https://hal-mines-paristech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01493631
Contributeur : Lucien Wald <>
Soumis le : samedi 25 mars 2017 - 03:24:50
Dernière modification le : mardi 21 juillet 2020 - 03:19:26
### Identifiants
• HAL Id : hal-01493631, version 1
### Citation
Philippe Blanc, Lucien Wald. Yearly changes in solar radiation over New Caledonia and relations with changing atmospheric properties. 14th EMS annual meeting, Oct 2014, Prague, Czech Republic. pp.2014 - 441. ⟨hal-01493631⟩
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http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200411922640589.page?lang=en
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# 새로운 저가형 고속 RF 자동화 테스트 시스템
• Song, Ki-Jae (RF System Lab., ASE Korea, Inc., Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Kwangwoon University) ;
• Lee, Ki-Soo (RF System Lab., ASE Korea, Inc.) ;
• Park, Jongsoo (RF System Lab., ASE Korea, Inc.) ;
• Lee, Jong-Chul (Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Kwangwoon University)
• Published : 2004.08.01
#### Abstract
This paper presents the implementation of the low cost and high speed RF ATE(Automatic Test Equipment) system, which can be a reasonable solution for reducing the test cost of RF devices. This paper suggests high speed and precise measurement capabilities which are realized by the 16 independent RF ports with high speed switching time and high accuracy digitizer using the industry standard Versus module eXtensions for Instrument(VXI) General Purpose Interface Bus(GPIB) interfaces. Also, the system has the capabilities of quad-site test which can dramatically increase the device throughput. This paper concludes with the demonstration of the implemented ATE system through the setup of RF Power Amplifier Module(PAM), which is under the most competitive market situation.
#### References
1. An Introduction to Mixed-Signal IC Test and Measurement M. Burns;G. W. Roberts
2. CDMA Systems Engineering Handbook J. S. Lee;L. E. Miller
3. Numerical Recipes in $C^{++}$(2nd Ed.) W. H. Press;S. A. Teukolsky;W. T. Vetterling;B. P. Flannery
4. Digital Signal Processing(2nd Ed.) E. C. Ifeachor;B. W. Jervis
5. Proc. IRE v.32 no.7 H. T. Friis https://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1944.232049
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https://docs.rosflight.org/user-guide/hardware-setup/
|
# Hardware Setup¶
## Parts List¶
To use ROSflight to its full potential, you will need the following system components. Some components are mounted on your MAV (Miniature Aerial Vehicle), while others are on the ground. ROSflight supports both multirotor and fixed-wing vehicles.
Mounted on the MAV
1. Aircraft Frame, Motor(s), ESC(s), Battery and Propeller(s)
2. Flight Controller (FC)
3. Vibration Isolation for FC
4. Any external sensors
6. Companion Computer
7. Wi-Fi Antenna, or access of some kind to ground-station, wireless network (e.g. Ubiquiti Bullet)
Ground Station
1. Ground-Station, Wireless Network (e.g. Wi-Fi Router, Ubiquiti Rocket)
2. R/C transmitter
3. Laptop or base station computer
4. Joystick (Xbox controller)
### Frame, Motors, ESCs, Battery, and Propeller¶
We do not officially support any specific multirotor or airplane frame, motor, ESC, Battery or Propeller combination. There are a lot of great resources for building your own MAV, and there are a lot of great kits out there that have all of these parts.
If you are designing your own multirotor or airplane, you may want to look at ecalc, an online tool which can help you design a proper ESC/Battery/Motor/Propeller system for your MAV.
Some things to keep in mind as you design or build your MAV.
• Most kits do not include space for a companion computer, cameras, laser scanners or other sensors. Be sure to think about where these components are going to go, and how their placement will affect the CG of the MAV.
• You will likely also need to customize the power circuitry of your MAV to provide power to your companion computer at some specific voltage. Many people like to separate the power electronics (the ESCs and motors), from the computer and companion sensors. This can really come in handy if you are trying to develop code on the MAV, because you can have the computer on and sensors powered, and not worry at all about propellers turning on and causing injury as you move the aircraft about by hand. We will talk about this more when we talk about wiring up your MAV.
• Cheap propellers can cause a huge amount of vibration. Consider buying high-quality propellers, doing a propeller balance, or both. RCGroups, DIY Drones and Youtube have some awesome guides on how to do propeller balancing.
• ESCs will need to be calibrated from 2000 to 1000 us
### Flight Controller¶
ROSflight is best supported on the Openpilot Revolution from hobbyking.com. It works on most variants of the Revo and Naze32 flight controller. Configuring a new board is relatively straight-forward, assuming that the board uses an STM32F4xx or STM32F1xx processor.
Deprecation Notice
As of June 2019, plans are to deprecate support for the F1 in the near future. If you need to use an F1, you will need to retrieve an older version of the code that supports the F1. However, if there are issues, we will not be able to help you fix them.
Warning
We have seen some problems using off-brand versions of flight controllers because the accelerometers are of very poor quality, which can mess with the firmware; try to avoid those if you can.
### Vibration Isolation¶
It is really important to isolate your flight controller from vehicle vibrations, such as those caused by propellers and motors. We recommend using small amounts of Kyosho Zeal to mount a fiberglass plate holding the FC to the MAV. You may also want to try adding mass to the flight control board. We have accomplished this by gluing steel washers to the fiberglass mounting plate.
You may need to experiment with the amount of gel you use, how far apart the gel is spaced, and the amount of mass added to the FC mounting plate. The interaction of these factors is difficult to predict, therefore it takes a little bit of experimentation to get it right.
### Companion Computer¶
The only requirement for the companion computer is that it runs Linux (Ubuntu LTS versions 16.04 or 18.04), ROS, has at least one USB port, and can be carried by the aircraft. We have had success with the following companion computers, but by no means is this a comprehensive list; it is more by way of suggestion.
• MSI CUBI – i7-5500U – $350 on Amazon • GIGABYTE BRIX Gaming- i7-4710HQ/GTX 760 –$850 on Amazon
• Intel NUC Skullcanyon – i7-6770HQ – $570 on Amazon • ODROID-XU4 – Exynos5 2GHz 8-core –$77 on Ameridroid
• ODROID-C2 – Cortex A53 2GHz 4-core – $42 on Ameridroid • Rasberry Pi 3 – Cortex A53 1.2GHz 4-core –$36 on Amazon
• NVIDIA Tegra TX1 - Cortex-A57 4-core CPU, 256-core Maxwell GPU - $435 from NVIDA (Educational Discounts Available) • NVIDIA Tegra TX2 - 6-core ARMv8 64-bit CPU (4-core Cortex-A57, 2-core NVIDIA Denver 2), 8GB RAM, 256-core Pascal GPU -$600 from NVIDA (Educational Discounts Available)
It is possible to pair the TX1 and TX2 with a CTI Orbitty carrier board for more compact builds.
### Wi-Fi¶
You will need Wi-Fi to communicate with your MAV when it is in the air. Because ROS communicates over TCP, it is very easy to use ROS to view what is going on in your MAV while it is flying by sending commands and reading sensor data. For most applications, a standard Wi-Fi router and dongle will suffice. For long-range applications, you may want to look into Ubiquiti point-to-point Wi-Fi. (We have seen ranges over a mile with these networks.)
For RC Control, you will need a transmitter with between 6 and 8 channels. Any additional channels will be wasted. We require RC control for safe operation, and only support arming and disarming via RC control.
ROSflight only supports PPM (pulse position modulation) and SBUS receivers. Individual channel PWM outputs are not supported. A common RC setup is listed here, but is meant as an example. Any configurations with PPM or SBUS and 6-8 channels will be sufficient.
### Laptop or Base Station Computer¶
You will need a laptop which can run Ubuntu 16.04 or 18.04 with ROS to communicate with the MAV over the ground station wireless network. If you are new to Linux, and want to retain access to Windows, I would recommend dual booting your computer rather than using a virtual machine. ROS networking can be problematic from a virtual environment.
### Joystick¶
A joystick is used for software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulations. The joystick is not technically a required component because it is possible to control your MAV from the command line, but it makes things much easier. Our first recommendation is to use the same Taranis QX7 transmitter you use for hardware as a joystick by plugging it into the computer via USB. We also support RealFlight controllers and XBOX 360 controllers. Other joysticks are supported, but you may need to create custom axis and button mappings.
### Battery Monitor¶
A battery monitor is an optional analog sensor that provides battery voltage and/or battery current information. This data can be used to prevent power loss in air or to measure system load. The sensor outputs an analog voltage proportional to the battery voltage and/or current through the battery. A battery monitor can be as simple as a voltage divider, which measures only voltage. Small PCB sensors are also available that measure both voltage and current. Ensure that the monitor output does not exceed 3.3V, as this may damage the flight controller. The battery monitor connects to the "PWR/SONAR" port on the Revo. Battery monitors are not supported on the Naze32/Flip32.
For ROSflight to use a battery monitor, an appropriate multiplier must be set. ROSflight multiplies the analog signal from the monitor by the multiplier to get the final reading. The monitor datasheet should contain the information needed to get the multiplier. For example, the datasheet for the AttoPilot 50V/90A sensor states that it outputs 63.69 mV / V. To get the original battery voltage, the multiplier must be 1/.06369, or 15.7. The multipliers for the voltage and current are set separately, with the BATT_VOLT_MULT and BATT_CURR_MULT parameters, respectively.
ROSflight applies a simple low-pass filter to remove noise from the voltage and current measurements. These filters are configurable via the BATT_VOLT_ALPHA and BATT_CURR_ALPHA parameters. The alpha value for a given cutoff frequency $$a$$, can be calulated with: $$\alpha = e ^ {-.01a}$$. As battery voltages do not typically change quickly, the default of 0.995 usually suffices.
More information on battery monitor hardware, including determinining appropriate multipliers and creating a simple DIY monitor, can be found on the OpenPilot Wiki.
## Wiring Diagram¶
Below is an example wiring diagram for a multirotor using an MSI Cubi as a companion computer. This diagram also includes the motor power switch, which allows for the sensors, flight controller, and companion computer to be powered on while the motors are off. This is a safer way to test sensors, code, etc. as the motors are unable to spin while the switch is off.
Your needs will likely be slightly different than what is shown. This is meant as an example only and can be adapted to fit your needs.
## Motor Layouts¶
The desired mixer can be chosen by setting the MIXER parameter to the following values:
# Mixer
0 ESC calibration
3 Hex +
4 Hex X
5 Octo +
6 Octo X
7 Y6
8 X8
9 Tricopter
The associated motor layouts are shown below for each mixer. The ESC calibration mixer directly outputs the throttle command equally to each motor, and can be used for calibrating the ESCs.
## Connecting to the Flight Controller¶
The flight controller communicates with the companion computer over a serial link. ROSflight only supports one serial connection at a time and by default should be the serial link connected to the USB connector on the board.
In the case of an F4 flight controller, which has a USB peripheral, the highest bandwidth connection will be the USB connector. However, UART3 can also be used to communicate with the companion computer if you desire a more secure connection (micro USB connectors have been known to disconnect in high vibrations), or if you would like to use a telemetry radio for remote control.
If a USB connection is detected on the USB peripheral, ROSflight will direct all communication through this port. However, if the PARAM_SERIAL_DEVICE parameter is set to 3 and the PARAM_BAUD_RATE parameter is set properly, then UART3 will be enabled when the USB connection is absent.
We have had the most sucess with the SiK radios (AKA 3DR telemetry radios). These require a 5V supply and ground and connect directly to the UART3 pins. We like the SiK radios because they can be easily configured using the AT-commands, which are used by MissionPlanner (Windows only), sikset.py or with the AT-commands directly on the command line. There are a number of configuration options available which should be used to optimize the radios for their intended usage.
This is just an example; any UART-based communication interface should be supported through this interface.
|
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http://au.mathworks.com/help/stats/summarize-data-by-category-levels.html?nocookie=true
|
Accelerating the pace of engineering and science
# Documentation
## Test Differences Between Category Means
This example shows how to test for significant differences between category (group) means using a t-test, two-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), and ANOCOVA (analysis of covariance) analysis.
The goal is determining if the expected miles per gallon for a car depends on the decade in which it was manufactured, or the location where it was manufactured.
```load('carsmall')
unique(Model_Year)```
```ans =
70
76
82```
The variable MPG has miles per gallon measurements on a sample of 100 cars. The variables Model_Year and Origin contain the model year and country of origin for each car.
The first factor of interest is the decade of manufacture. There are three manufacturing years in the data.
Create a factor for the decade of manufacture.
Create an ordinal array named Decade by merging the observations from years 70 and 76 into a category labeled 1970s, and putting the observations from 82 into a category labeled 1980s.
```Decade = ordinal(Model_Year,{'1970s','1980s'},[],[70 77 82]);
```ans =
1970s 1980s ```
Plot data grouped by category.
Draw a box plot of miles per gallon, grouped by the decade of manufacture.
```figure()
title('Miles per Gallon, Grouped by Decade of Manufacture')```
The box plot suggests that miles per gallon is higher in cars manufactured during the 1980s compared to the 1970s.
Compute summary statistics.
Compute the mean and variance of miles per gallon for each decade.
`[xbar,s2,grp] = grpstats(MPG,Decade,{'mean','var','gname'})`
```xbar =
19.7857
31.7097
s2 =
35.1429
29.0796
grp =
'1970s'
'1980s'```
This output shows that the mean miles per gallon in the 1980s was 31.71, compared to 19.79 in the 1970s. The variances in the two groups are similar.
Conduct a two-sample t-test for equal group means.
Conduct a two-sample t-test, assuming equal variances, to test for a significant difference between the group means. The hypothesis is
$\begin{array}{l}{H}_{0}:{\mu }_{70}={\mu }_{80}\\ {H}_{A}:{\mu }_{70}\ne {\mu }_{80}.\end{array}$
```MPG70 = MPG(Decade=='1970s');
[h,p] = ttest2(MPG70,MPG80)```
```h =
1
p =
3.4809e-15```
The logical value 1 indicates the null hypothesis is rejected at the default 0.05 significance level. The p-value for the test is very small. There is sufficient evidence that the mean miles per gallon in the 1980s differs from the mean miles per gallon in the 1970s.
Create a factor for the location of manufacture.
The second factor of interest is the location of manufacture. First, convert Origin to a nominal array.
```Location = nominal(Origin);
tabulate(Location)```
```tabulate(Location)
Value Count Percent
France 4 4.00%
Germany 9 9.00%
Italy 1 1.00%
Japan 15 15.00%
Sweden 2 2.00%
USA 69 69.00%```
There are six different countries of manufacture. The European countries have relatively few observations.
Merge categories.
Combine the categories France, Germany, Italy, and Sweden into a new category named Europe.
```Location = mergelevels(Location,{'France','Germany','Italy','Sweden'},...
'Europe');
tabulate(Location)```
``` Value Count Percent
Japan 15 15.00%
USA 69 69.00%
Europe 16 16.00%```
Compute summary statistics.
Compute the mean miles per gallon, grouped by the location of manufacture.
`[xbar,grp] = grpstats(MPG,Location,{'mean','gname'})`
```xbar =
31.8000
21.1328
26.6667
grp =
'Japan'
'USA'
'Europe'```
This result shows that average miles per gallon is lowest for the sample of cars manufactured in the U.S.
Conduct two-way ANOVA.
Conduct a two-way ANOVA to test for differences in expected miles per gallon between factor levels for Decade and Location.
The statistical model is
$MP{G}_{ij}=\mu +{\alpha }_{i}+{\beta }_{j}+{\epsilon }_{ij},\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}i=1,2;j=1,2,3,$
where MPGij is the response, miles per gallon, for cars made in decade i at location j. The treatment effects for the first factor, decade of manufacture, are the αi terms (constrained to sum to zero). The treatment effects for the second factor, location of manufacture, are the βj terms (constrained to sum to zero). The εij are uncorrelated, normally distributed noise terms.
The hypotheses to test are equality of decade effects,
$\begin{array}{l}{H}_{0}:{\alpha }_{1}={\alpha }_{2}=0\\ {H}_{A}:at\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}least\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}one\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}{\alpha }_{i}\ne 0,\end{array}$
and equality of location effects,
$\begin{array}{l}{H}_{0}:{\beta }_{1}={\beta }_{2}={\beta }_{3}=0\\ {H}_{A}:\text{\hspace{0.17em}}at\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}least\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}one\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}{\beta }_{j}\ne 0.\end{array}$
You can conduct a multiple-factor ANOVA using anovan.
`anovan(MPG,{Decade,Location},'varnames',{'Decade','Location'});`
This output shows the results of the two-way ANOVA. The p-value for testing the equality of decade effects is 2.88503e-18, so the null hypothesis is rejected at the 0.05 significance level. The p-value for testing the equality of location effects is 7.40416e-10, so this null hypothesis is also rejected.
Conduct ANOCOVA analysis.
A potential confounder in this analysis is car weight. Cars with greater weight are expected to have lower gas mileage. Include the variable Weight as a continuous covariate in the ANOVA; that is, conduct an ANOCOVA analysis.
Assuming parallel lines, the statistical model is
$MP{G}_{ijk}=\mu +{\alpha }_{i}+{\beta }_{j}+\gamma Weigh{t}_{ijk}+{\epsilon }_{ijk},\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}i=1,2;\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}j=1,2,3;\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}k=1,...,100.$
The difference between this model and the two-way ANOVA model is the inclusion of the continuous predictor, Weightijk, the weight for the kth car, which was made in the ith decade and in the jth location. The slope parameter is γ.
Add the continuous covariate as a third group in the second anovan input argument. Use the name-value pair argument Continuous to specify that Weight (the third group) is continuous.
```anovan(MPG,{Decade,Location,Weight},'Continuous',3,...
This output shows that when car weight is considered, there is insufficient evidence of a manufacturing location effect (p-value = 0.1044).
Use interactive tool.
You can use the interactive aoctool to explore this result.
`aoctool(Weight,MPG,Location);`
This command opens three dialog boxes. In the ANOCOVA Prediction Plot dialog box, select the Separate Means model.
This output shows that when you do not include Weight in the model, there are fairly large differences in the expected miles per gallon among the three manufacturing locations. Note that here the model does not adjust for the decade of manufacturing.
Now, select the Parallel Lines model.
When you include Weight in the model, the difference in expected miles per gallon among the three manufacturing locations is much smaller.
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|
https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/a/advanced+cervical+cancers.html
|
#### Sample records for advanced cervical cancers
1. Alterations In Lipid Profile Of Patients With Advanced Cervical Cancer
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background The changes in lipid profile have long been associated with cancer because lipids play key role in maintenance of cell integrity. Aims. The study evaluated alterations in plasma lipid profile in patients with advanced squamous cervical cancer. Materials And Method This hospital-based study included 30 cervical ...
2. Cervical cancer stem cells and correlation with radiation response in locally advanced cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Chopra, Supriya; Goda, Jayant Sastri; Deodhar, Kedar
2016-01-01
While tumour-initiating cells (TIC) have been reported across solid tumours, there is dearth of data regarding TICs and radiation response in cervical cancer. From October, 2013- July, 2015 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were included. Pretreatment biopsy was obtained. IHC was performed for SOX-2,OCT-4, Nanog (ESC), CD44 and Podoplanin (TIC). Semiquantitative scoring was used for IHC. All patients received uniform concurrent chemoradiation and brachytherapy. On follow up, local control and distant relapse was recorded
3. Bevacizumab improves survival for patients with advanced cervical cancer
Science.gov (United States)
Patients with advanced, recurrent, or persistent cervical cancer that was not curable with standard treatment who received the drug bevacizumab (Avastin) lived 3.7 months longer than patients who did not receive the drug, according to an interim analysis
4. Predictors of cervical cancer being at an advanced stage at diagnosis in Sudan
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ibrahim, Ahmed; Rasch, Vibeke; Pukkala, Eero
2011-01-01
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Sudan, with more than two-thirds of all women with invasive cervical cancer being diagnosed at an advanced stage (stages III and IV). The lack of a screening program for cervical cancer in Sudan may contribute to the late presentation...... diagnosis) of cervical cancer in Sudan....
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kodama, Junichi; Hashimoto, Ichiro; Seki, Noriko; Hongo, Atsushi; Mizutani, Yasushi; Miyagi, Yasunari; Yoshinouchi, Mitsuo; Kudo, Takafumi
2001-01-01
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Delgado, G.; Goldson, A.L.; Ashayeri, E.; Petrilli, E.S.
1987-01-01
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kaneyasu, Yuko; Okawa, Tomohiko [Tokyo Women`s Medical Coll. (Japan); Okawa-Kita, Midori
1997-11-01
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kaneyasu, Yuko; Okawa, Tomohiko; Okawa-Kita, Midori.
1997-01-01
9. Concomitant cervical and transperineal parametrial high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for locally advanced cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Caroline Bailleux
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Purpose: There is no consensus for parametrial boost technic while both transvaginal and transperineal approaches are discussed. A prototype was developed consisting of a perineal template, allowing transperineal needle insertion. This study analyzed acute toxicity of concomitant cervical and transperineal parametrial high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRB boost for locally advanced cervical cancer. Material and methods: From 01.2011 to 12.2014, 33 patients (pts presenting a locally advanced cervical cancer with parametrial invasion were treated. After the first course of external beam radiation therapy with cisplatinum, HDRB was performed combining endocavitary and interstitial technique for cervical and parametrial disease. Post-operative delineation (CTV, bladder, rectum, sigmoid and planification were based on CT-scan/MRI. HDRB was delivered in 3-5 fractions over 2-3 consecutive days. Acute toxicities occurring within 6 months after HDRB were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Median age was 56.4 years (27-79. Clinical stages were: T2b = 23 pts (69.7%, T3a = 1 pt (3%, T3b = 6 pts (18.2%, and T4a = 3 pts (9.1%. Median HDRB prescribed dose was 21 Gy (21-27. Median CTVCT (16 pts and HR-CTV MRI (17 pts were 52.6 cc (28.5-74.3, 31.9 cc (17.1-58, respectively. Median EQD2αβ10 for D90CTV and D90HR-CTV were 82.9 Gy (78.2-96.5, 84.8 Gy (80.6-91.4, respectively. Median EQD2αβ3 (CT/MRI for D2cc bladder, rectum and sigmoid were 75.5 Gy (66.6-90.9, 64.4 Gy (51.9-77.4, and 60.4 Gy (50.9-81.1, respectively. Median follow-up was 14 months (ranged 6-51. Among the 24 pts with MFU = 24 months, 2-year LRFS rate, RRFS, and OS were 86.8%, 88.8%, and 94.1%, respectively. The rates of acute genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities were 36% (G1 dysuria = 8 pts, G2 infection = 2 pt, G3 infection = 2 pts, and 27% (G1 diarrhea = 9 pts, respectively. One patient presented vaginal bleeding at the time of applicator withdrawal (G3-blood transfusion; no bleeding was
10. Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
... the place where a baby grows during pregnancy. Cervical cancer is caused by a virus called HPV. The ... for a long time, or have HIV infection. Cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms at first. Later, ...
11. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of metastatic cervical cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2016-01-01
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. The outcome of patients with metastatic cervical cancer is poor. We reviewed the relevant literature concerning the treatment and diagnosis of metastatic cervical cancer. There are two types of metastasis related to different treatments and survival rates: hematogenous metastasis and lymphatic metastasis. Patients with hematogenous metastasis have a higher risk of death than those with lymphatic metastasis. In terms of diagnosis, fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and PET-computed tomography are effective tools for the evaluation of distant metastasis. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy and subsequent chemotherapy are well-tolerated and efficient for lymphatic metastasis. As for lung metastasis, chemotherapy and/or surgery are valuable treatments for resistant, recurrent metastatic cervical cancer and chemoradiotherapy may be the optimal choice for stage IVB cervical cancer. Chemotherapy and bone irradiation are promising for bone metastasis. A better survival is achieved with multimodal therapy. Craniotomy or stereotactic radiosurgery is an optimal choice combined with radiotherapy for solitary brain metastases. Chemotherapy and palliative brain radiation may be considered for multiple brain metastases and other organ metastases. PMID:27171673
12. Cervical Cancer
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2007-03-06
Did you know that cervical cancer rates differ by race/ethnicity and region? Or that cervical cancer can usually be prevented if precancerous cervical lesions are found by a Pap test and treated? Find out how getting regular Pap tests can save a woman's life. Created: 3/6/2007 by National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program. Date Released: 4/25/2007.
13. Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
... I find more information about cervical and other gynecologic cancers? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 800-CDC-INFO or www. cdc. gov/ cancer/ gynecologic National Cancer Institute: 800-4-CANCER or www. ...
14. Bevacizumab, Radiation Therapy, and Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Previously Untreated Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2018-02-21
Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified; Stage IB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7
15. Cervical cancer
Science.gov (United States)
... bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause Vaginal discharge that does not stop, and may be pale, ... Instructions Hysterectomy - abdominal - discharge Hysterectomy - laparoscopic - ... Images Cervical cancer Cervical neoplasia ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gao Y
2013-04-01
17. Critical review of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery for locally advanced cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Colombo, Nicoletta; Peiretti, Michele
2010-10-01
Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of female cancer mortality worldwide. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy represents the standard of care for patients with stage IB2-IIIB cervical cancer. However, the lack of radiotherapy departments, especially in developing countries, the presumed high incidence of long-term complications, and the poor control of metastatic disease have brought about the development of different therapeutic approaches such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. We reviewed the literature concerning the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Saito, Haruo; Asakawa, Hiroshi; Otawa, Hirokazu; Nemoto, Kenji; Saito, Hiroyuki
1983-01-01
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hass, Peter [Universitaetsklinikum Magdeburg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Magdeburg (Germany); Eggemann, Holm; Costa, Serban Dan; Ignatov, Atanas [Otto-von-Guericke University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magdeburg (Germany)
2017-12-15
External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with concomitant chemotherapy (cCT) (=RCT) plus intracavitary (±interstitial) brachytherapy (iBT) is standard of care for advanced cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate morbidity and survival outcome of simple adjuvant hysterectomy (AH) after EBRT/cCT and to compare it with the standard treatment. Patients with FIGO stage III cervical cancer were treated with EBRT/cCT and then divided in two groups: group 1 was further treated with standard intracavitary/interstitial BT, while group 2 underwent AH. From 881 women with cervical cancer, 248 were eligible for analysis: 161 received iBT and 87 underwent AH. The median follow-up of the study was 53 months. Clinical and pathological characteristics were well balanced in the two groups. After EBRT/cCT, complete clinical response was observed in 121 (48.8%) of 246 patients. Clinical complete response was observed in 81 (50.3%) of 161 patients in group 1. At 6 weeks after EBRT/cCT, 40 (46.0%) of 87 patients in the surgery group had pathological complete response. Intra- and postoperative complications were observed in 10 (11.5%) of 87 cases. The rates of locoregional recurrence and metastasis were similar in both groups. Progression-free (PFS) and disease-specific overall survival (DOS) for these patients were similar between the control and surgery group. Interestingly, PFS and DOS were significantly improved by AH for the patients with residual tumor. AH could improve survival in patients with residual disease after RCT and is characterized by a low complication rate. (orig.) [German] Die Teletherapie (EBRT) mit begleitender Chemotherapie (cCT), entsprechend einer Radiochemotherapie (RCT), plus intrakavitaere (± interstitielle) Brachytherapie (iBT) ist Standard in der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Zervixkarzinoms. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Morbiditaet und das Ueberleben zwischen der einfachen adjuvanten Hysterektomie (AH) nach EBRT/cCT und dem
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Toita, Takafumi; Ogawa, Kazuhiko; Moromizato, Hidehiko [Ryukyus Univ., Nishihara, Okinawa (Japan). Faculty of Medicine] [and others
2000-12-01
Twenty-two patients with locoregionally advanced uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). CDDP (20 mg/m{sup 2} daily) was concurrently administered for 5 days at 21-days intervals with external beam irradiation and HDR intracavitary therapy. Blood and gastrointestinal (nausea and vomiting) toxicities were severe but manageable. There was no grade 5 (fatal) toxicity. Nine (41%) experienced recurrence. The 2-year pelvic control rate, distant metastasis-free rate, disease-free survival rate, and absolute survival rate for all 22 patients were 77%, 72%, 57%, and 65%, respectively. One suffered small intestinal perforation (grade 4). We consider that our CCRT is feasible and may have positive therapeutic value on long-term prognosis for patients with locoregionally advanced uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma. (author)
1. Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
... 800-762-2264 Foundation for Women's Cancer Phone Number: 800-444-4441 Previous Page Next Page Cervical cancer fact sheet (PDF, 162 KB) Female reproductive system Related information Human papillomavirus (HPV) and genital ...
2. Risk Factors in a Sample of Patients with Advanced Cervical Cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sorina IRIMIE
2011-12-01
Full Text Available The estimated burden of neoplasia of uterine cervix in the 27 EU member states sums up to 34300 cases and 16200 death, with higher incidence and mortality in eastern countries. A number of risk factors increase the likelihood of developing cervical cancer. Even if the risk factors significantly increase the chances of developing cervical cancer, a large number of women with risk factors do not develop the disease, and when a woman develops cancer or precancerous lesions in the cervix may be difficult to establish the causal relationship with certain risk factors. The present study aimed to appreciate the presence and magnitude of risk factors for patients diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer and to outline best strategies to reduce the incidence of this neoplasia, and improve prognosis. Risk factors have been investigated in 42 patients diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer using HPV genotyped determination and a questionnaire for the evaluation of cervical cancer risk factors. In our sample of patients a high risk profile is shaping for low socio-economical level, modulated by the impact of HPV infection with high risk stains of virus, overweight-obesity, smoking and inadequate cervical cancer screening. In this frame a special alarm signal is represented by the very high percentage of patients with overweight and obesity. From the public health perspective, we consider that efforts should be focused on preventing weight gain, regular screening and health education field.
3. Diffusion Weighted MRI as a predictive tool for effect of radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Haack, Søren; Tanderup, Kari; Fokdal, Lars
Diffusion weighted MRI has shown great potential in diagnostic cancer imaging and may also have value for monitoring tumor response during radiotherapy. Patients with advanced cervical cancer are treated with external beam radiotherapy followed by brachytherapy. This study evaluates the value of DW......-MRI for predicting outcome of patients with advanced cervical cancer at time of brachytherapy. Volume of hyper-intensity on highly diffusion sensitive images and resulting ADC value for treatment responders and non-responders is compared. The change of ADC and volume of hyper-intensity over time of BT is also...
4. Cisplatin and Radiation Therapy With or Without Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2017-08-23
Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified; Chemotherapeutic Agent Toxicity; Cognitive Side Effects of Cancer Therapy; Psychological Impact of Cancer; Radiation Toxicity; Sexual Dysfunction and Infertility; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer
5. Clinical implementation of coverage probability planning for nodal boosting in locally advanced cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ramlov, Anne; Assenholt, Marianne S; Jensen, Maria F
2017-01-01
PURPOSE: To implement coverage probability (CovP) for dose planning of simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) of pathologic lymph nodes in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: CovP constraints for SIB of the pathological nodal target (PTV-N) with a central dose peak...
6. Individualised 3D printed vaginal template for MRI guided brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
2016-01-01
Intracavitary–interstitial applicators for MRI guided brachytherapy are becoming increasingly important in locally advanced cervical cancer. The 3D printing technology enables a versatile method for obtaining a high degree of individualisation of the implant. Our clinical workflow is presented...
7. Risk Factors for Pelvic Insufficiency Fractures in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Following Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ramlov, Anne; Pedersen, Erik Morre; Røhl, Lisbeth
2017-01-01
PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of and risk factors for pelvic insufficiency fracture (PIF) after definitive chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analyzed 101 patients with LACC treated from 2008-2014. Patients received weekly cisplatin...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kucera, H.; Micksche, M.; Vienna Univ.
1982-01-01
For treatment of patients with inoperable cervical cancer (FIGO III) a randomized trial has been initiated. Patients were randomized to receive either conventional irradiation therapy together with vitamin A palmitate (1.5 mill. I.U./day; total dose: 30 mill. I.U.), applied orally, or irradiation alone. When lymphocyte reactivity to PHA (maximum response during therapy) was compared within the groups, it was found, that 66% of the patients who received irradiation combined with vitamin A palmitate, showed an increase in their blastogenic response, while in irradiated patients without vitamin A palmitate a response was seen only in 33%. This difference being statistically significant in comparison to pretreatment values. From immunological data it can be concluded, that vitamin A has an effect on functional response on T-cells. Concerning the clinical outcome, after an observation period of 12 months relapse rates were lower in the vitamin A group, but not significantly reduced. Therefore further follow up is warranted. (orig.) [de
9. Cervical Cancer Screening
Science.gov (United States)
... Cancer Treatment Screening for cervical cancer using the Pap test has decreased the number of new cases of ... their chance of dying from cervical cancer . A Pap test is commonly used to screen for cervical cancer. ...
10. Adnexal masses requiring surgical intervention in women with advanced cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Nagel, Christa I; Thomas, Saly K; Richardson, Debra L; Kehoe, Siobhan M; Miller, David S; Lea, Jayanthi S
2014-09-01
11. Advancing cervical cancer prevention initiatives in resource-constrained settings: insights from the Cervical Cancer Prevention Program in Zambia.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mulindi H Mwanahamuntu
2011-05-01
Full Text Available Groesbeck Parham and colleagues describe their Cervical Cancer Prevention Program in Zambia, which has provided services to over 58,000 women over the past five years, and share lessons learned from the program's implementation and integration with existing HIV/AIDS programs.
12. Tracer kinetic model selection for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of locally advanced cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kallehauge, Jesper Folsted; Tanderup, Kari; Duan, Chong
2014-01-01
conditions the Tofts (TM), extended Tofts (ETM), compartmental tissue uptake model (C-TU) and 2-compartment exchange model (2CXM) were the optimal tracer kinetic models (TKMs) for the analysis of DCE-MRI in patients with cervical cancer. Material and methods. Ten patients with locally advanced cervical...
13. Vaginal dose de-escalation in image guided adaptive brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mohamed, Sandy; Lindegaard, Jacob Christian; de Leeuw, Astrid A C
2016-01-01
Purpose Vaginal stenosis is a major problem following radiotherapy in cervical cancer. We investigated a new dose planning strategy for vaginal dose de-escalation (VDD). Materials and methods Fifty consecutive locally advanced cervical cancer patients without lower or middle vaginal involvement...... at diagnosis from 3 institutions were analysed. External beam radiotherapy was combined with MRI-guided brachytherapy. VDD was obtained by decreasing dwell times in ovoid/ring and increasing dwell times in tandem/needles. The aim was to maintain the target dose (D90 of HR-CTV ⩾ 85 Gy EQD2) while reducing...... bladder and rectum (D2cm3) were reduced by 2 ± 2 Gy and 3 ± 2 Gy, respectively (p
14. Vaginal dose de-escalation in image guided adaptive brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Mohamed, Sandy; Lindegaard, Jacob Christian; de Leeuw, Astrid A C; Jürgenliemk-Schulz, Ina; Kirchheiner, Kathrin; Kirisits, Christian; Pötter, Richard; Tanderup, Kari
2016-09-01
15. Cervical Cancer Screening
Science.gov (United States)
... cervical cytology (also called the Pap test or Pap smear) and, for some women, testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) . How does cervical cancer occur? Cancer occurs when cervical cells become abnormal ...
16. Cervical cancer: what's new?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2015-12-01
Full Text Available SUMMARY Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in Brazil. Among women, it is the second most frequent, second only to breast cancer. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the country, with estimated 15,590 new cases (2014 and 5,430 deaths (2013. In order to update information to improve outcomes, reduce morbidity and optimize the treatment of this cancer, this article will address the advancement of knowledge on cervical cancer. The topics covered include the role of surgery in different stages, treatment of locally advanced carcinomas, fertility preservation, the role of the sentinel lymph node technique, indications and techniques of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and some special situations.
17. A review of patients with advanced cervical cancer presenting to ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
patients with cancer of the cervix,6 is not yet available, unless patients travel outside the country. Tiyanjane Clinic started in 2003 and currently runs hospital- based (inpatient and outpatient) and community-based palliative care services from Queen Elizabeth Central. Hospital (QECH), along with a home-based care service.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Emami, B.; Watring, W.G.; Tak, W.; Anderson, B.; Piro, A.J.
1980-01-01
Thirty-six patients with advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix and with iliac or para-aortic nodes interpreted as un-equivocally positive on lymphangiography have received radiation therapy to the para-aortic area at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology at Tufts-New England Medical Center Hospital. Of 29 patients who received para-aortic area irradiation as part of their initial treatment, local control was achieved in 18 patients (62%). Overall, four patients developed major complications requiring surgical intervention. Detailed results and our current pre-treatment evaluation policy including lymphangiography, percutaneous needle biopsy and selective extra-peritoneal lymph node biopsy will be discussed
19. Cervical cancer - screening and prevention
Science.gov (United States)
Cancer cervix - screening; HPV - cervical cancer screening; Dysplasia - cervical cancer screening; Cervical cancer - HPV vaccine ... Almost all cervical cancers are caused by HPV (human papilloma virus). HPV is a common virus that spreads through sexual contact. Certain ...
20. Californium-252 neutron curietherapy for advanced cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Maruyama, Y; Bell, P R; Yoneda, J; Van Nagell, J R
1982-01-01
Low dose rate neutron radiotherapy using fast neutrons emitted by the radionuclide 252Cf was combined with fractionated X- or gamma rays for the radiotherapy of advanced cervicovaginal tumors. Two different implant schedules were tested to determine the response of the tumors to the scheduling of therapy with the 252CF either early or delayed in the fractionated radiotherapy course. A 90% frequency of complete local clearance of pelvic tumors was observed by the early application of 252Cf. Neutron curietherapy applied as a boost treatment at the end of fractionated radiotherapy, resulted in only 40% local control. Improved results were observed by early implantation therapy and is postulated to be the result of more effective hypoxic tumor therapy and reoxygenation of the hypoxic pelvic tumor. The two groups of patients were compared as to their general status and medical condition and were found similar in age, frequency of associated disease, body weight and tumor stage. The failures of local control by early 252Cf neutron therapy, occurred in 2 patients with high-stage tumor and severe vascular disease and suggests that tumor response was partly dependent upon the integrity and elasticity of the small vessel system.
Science.gov (United States)
Pramitasari, D. A.; Gondhowiardjo, S.; Nuranna, L.
2017-08-01
This study aimed to compare radiation only or chemo radiation treatment of local advanced cervical cancers by examining the initial response of tumors and acute side effects. An initial assessment employed value based medicine (VBM) by obtaining utility values for both types of therapy. The incidences of acute lower gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and hematology side effects in patients undergoing chemoradiation did not differ significantly from those undergoing radiation alone. Utility values for patients who underwent radiation alone were higher compared to those who underwent chemoradiation. It was concluded that the complete response of patients who underwent chemoradiation did not differ significantly from those who underwent radiation alone.
2. Cervical Cancer Screening
Science.gov (United States)
... Cancer found early may be easier to treat. Cervical cancer screening is usually part of a woman's health ... may do more tests, such as a biopsy. Cervical cancer screening has risks. The results can sometimes be ...
3. Cervical cancer screening in adolescents: an evidence-based internet education program for practice improvement among advanced practice nurses.
Science.gov (United States)
Choma, Kim; McKeever, Amy E
2015-02-01
The literature reports great variation in the knowledge levels and application of the recent changes of cervical cancer screening guidelines into clinical practice. Evidence-based screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer offers healthcare providers the opportunity to improve practice patterns among female adolescents by decreasing psychological distress as well as reducing healthcare costs and morbidities associated with over-screening. The purpose of this pilot intervention study was to determine the effects of a Web-based continuing education unit (CEU) program on advanced practice nurses' (APNs) knowledge of current cervical cancer screening evidence-based recommendations and their application in practice. This paper presents a process improvement project as an example of a way to disseminate updated evidence-based practice guidelines among busy healthcare providers. This Web-based CEU program was developed, piloted, and evaluated specifically for APNs. The program addressed their knowledge level of cervical cancer and its relationship with high-risk human papillomavirus. It also addressed the new cervical cancer screening guidelines and the application of those guidelines into clinical practice. Results of the study indicated that knowledge gaps exist among APNs about cervical cancer screening in adolescents. However, when provided with a CEU educational intervention, APNs' knowledge levels increased and their self-reported clinical practice behaviors changed in accordance with the new cervical cancer screening guidelines. Providing convenient and readily accessible up-to-date electronic content that provides CEU enhances the adoption of clinical practice guidelines, thereby decreasing the potential of the morbidities associated with over-screening for cervical cancer in adolescents and young women. © 2014 Sigma Theta Tau International.
4. Lymphadenectomy in locally advanced cervical cancer study (LiLACS): Phase III clinical trial comparing surgical with radiologic staging in patients with stages IB2-IVA cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Frumovitz, Michael; Querleu, Denis; Gil-Moreno, Antonio; Morice, Philippe; Jhingran, Anuja; Munsell, Mark F; Macapinlac, Homer A; Leblanc, Eric; Martinez, Alejandra; Ramirez, Pedro T
2014-01-01
5. Cervical Cancer Stage IIIA
Science.gov (United States)
6. Cervical Cancer Stage IVA
Science.gov (United States)
7. Cervical Cancer Stage IVB
Science.gov (United States)
8. Cervical Cancer Stage IIIB
Science.gov (United States)
9. Cervical Cancer Stage IA
Science.gov (United States)
... historical Searches are case-insensitive Cervical Cancer Stage IA Add to My Pictures View /Download : Small: 720x576 ... Large: 3000x2400 View Download Title: Cervical Cancer Stage IA Description: Stage IA1 and IA2 cervical cancer; drawing ...
10. Routine management of locally advanced cervical cancer with concurrent radiation and cisplatin. Five-year results
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Candelaria Myrna
2006-02-01
11. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with radiotherapy for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhu Jun; Luo Jianjun; Zhang Wen; Huang Yong; Li Dengke; Cao Yueyong
2010-01-01
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Heinzelmann, F.; Henke, G.; Grafenstein, M. von; Weidner, N.; Paulsen, F.; Bamberg, M.; Weinmann, M. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Dept. of Radiation Oncology; Staebler, A. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Div. of Gynecologic Pathology; Brucker, S. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Dept. of Gynecology
2012-07-15
13. Acute and long-term toxicity following radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Maduro, JH; Pras, E; Willemse, PHB; de Vries, EGE
2003-01-01
Randomised studies in locally advanced cervical cancer patients showed that cisplatin should be given concurrently with radiotherapy, because of a better long-term survival compared to radiotherapy alone. This increases the relevance of treatment related toxicity. This review summarises the acute
14. Impact of radiation dose and standardized uptake value of (18)FDG PET on nodal control in locally advanced cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ramlov, Anne; Kroon, Petra S; Jürgenliemk-Schulz, Ina M
2015-01-01
BACKGROUND: Despite local control now exceeding 90% with image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT), regional and distant metastases continue to curb survival in locally advanced cervical cancer. As regional lymph nodes often represent first site of metastatic spread, improved nodal control could...
15. Impact of radiation dose and standardized uptake value of (18)FDG PET on nodal control in locally advanced cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ramlov, Anne; Kroon, Petra S; Jürgenliemk-Schulz, Ina M
2015-01-01
BACKGROUND: Despite local control now exceeding 90% with image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT), regional and distant metastases continue to curb survival in locally advanced cervical cancer. As regional lymph nodes often represent first site of metastatic spread, improved nodal control coul...
16. Uterus necrosis after radiochemotherapy in two patients with advanced cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Marnitz, Simone; Köhler, Christhardt; Füller, Jürgen; Hinkelbein, Wolfgang; Schneider, Achim
2006-01-01
17. Uterus necrosis after radiochemotherapy in two patients with advanced cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Marnitz, S.; Hinkelbein, W.; Koehler, C.; Schneider, A.; Fueller, J.
2006-01-01
Background: Simultaneous platinum-based radiochemotherapy is the standard of care for patients with advanced or node-positive cancer of the uterine cervix. A large body of literature concerning therapy-related acute and late morbidity is available. Chemoradiation-associated necrosis of the uterus has not been described so far. Case Report: Two patients are reported who were treated by combine chemoradiation between 2004 and 2005 for histologically confirmed cervical cancer following laparoscopic staging. Both patients were diagnosed with squamous cell cancer of the cervix FIGO stage IIB (T2b pN1 pM1 LYM G2) and FIGO IIIA (T3a pN1 MO G2), respectively. External-beam radiotherapy was applied in a 3-D-planned four-field technique, covering pelvic lymph nodes and primary tumor. Simultaneously, cisplatin was given to both patients. Following chemoradiation, both patientsdeveloped pelvic pain and an elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the presence of a normal leukocyte count. Both patients underwent relaparoscopy, and necrosis of the uterus combined with partial necrosis of the bladder was diagnosed in patient 1. Patient 1 underwent total supralevatoric exenteration and patient 2 laparoscopically assisted hysterectomy withbilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Conclusion: In patients with persisting or incident pelvic pain, questionable findings in imaging techniques and/or elevated inflammation parameters following completion of chemoradiation for cervical cancer, differential diagnosis should include radiogenic necrosis of the uterus and other pelvic organs. Laparoscopy is an ideal technique to exclude or confirm this diagnosis. (orig.)
18. Inverse Planned High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Locoregionally Advanced Cervical Cancer: 4-Year Outcomes
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tinkle, Christopher L.; Weinberg, Vivian [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California (United States); Chen, Lee-May [Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California (United States); Littell, Ramey [Gynecologic Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, California (United States); Cunha, J. Adam M.; Sethi, Rajni A. [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California (United States); Chan, John K. [Gynecologic Oncology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California (United States); Hsu, I-Chow, E-mail: [email protected] [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California (United States)
2015-08-01
19. Locally advanced squamous cell cervical cancer in a patient with septate uterus.
Science.gov (United States)
Yavas, Guler; Yavas, Cagdas; Inan, Gokcen
2017-10-01
A 33-year-old premenopausal multiparous woman with the history of septate uterus was referred to the hospital with menorrhagia and inter-menstrual bleeding occurring for the last 6 months. Work-up revealed a stage IIB cervical cancer. The patient underwent curative chemo/radiotherapy. The patient's septate uterus presented several difficulties during application. Brachytherapy was applied using standard computed tomography-compatible tandem and ovoids. The high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV), intermediate risk CTV, and organs at risk were contoured according to the Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie - European Society for Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) guidelines. Treatment was performed via 3-dimensional high-dose-rate technique with 192 Ir, with brachytherapy dose of 28 Gy in 4 fractions/7 Gy each, prescribed to the HR-CTV. Treatment was well tolerated with manageable acute toxicities. To the best of our knowledge, the current case is the second case of septate uterus with locally advanced cervical carcinoma. Due to the lack of guidelines about brachytherapy applications in patients with uterine anomaly and owing to the anatomical anomaly, brachytherapy application is challenging in this patients population.
20. Cervical Cancer Stage IB
Science.gov (United States)
1. Risks of Cervical Cancer Screening
Science.gov (United States)
... Cancer Treatment Screening for cervical cancer using the Pap test has decreased the number of new cases of ... their chance of dying from cervical cancer . A Pap test is commonly used to screen for cervical cancer. ...
2. Neutrophilia in locally advanced cervical cancer: A novel biomarker for image-guided adaptive brachytherapy?
Science.gov (United States)
Escande, Alexandre; Haie-Meder, Christine; Maroun, Pierre; Gouy, Sébastien; Mazeron, Renaud; Leroy, Thomas; Bentivegna, Enrica; Morice, Philippe; Deutsch, Eric; Chargari, Cyrus
2016-01-01
Objective To study the prognostic value of leucocyte disorders in a prospective cohort of cervical cancer patients receiving definitive chemoradiation plus image—guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT). Results 113 patients were identified. All patients received a pelvic irradiation concomitant with chemotherapy, extended to the para-aortic area in 13 patients with IVB disease. Neutrophilia and leukocytosis were significant univariate prognostic factors for poorer local failure-free survival (p = 0.000 and p = 0.002, respectively), associated with tumor size, high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) and anemia. No effect was shown for distant metastases but leukocytosis and neutrophila were both poor prognostic factors for in-field relapses (p = 0.003 and p 7,500/μl (p = 0.018) were independent factors for poorer survival without local failure, with hazard ratio (HR) of 3.1. Materials and methods We examined patients treated in our Institution between April 2009 and July 2015 by concurrent chemoradiation (45 Gy in 25 fractions +/− lymph node boosts) followed by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided adaptive pulse-dose rate brachytherapy (15 Gy to the intermediate-risk clinical target volume). The prognostic value of pretreatment leucocyte disorders was examined. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia were defined as a leukocyte count or a neutrophils count exceeding 10,000 and 7,500/μl, respectively. Conclusions Neutrophilia is a significant prognostic factor for local relapse in locally advanced cervical cancer treated with MRI-based IGABT. This biomarker could help identifying patients with higher risk of local relapse and requiring dose escalation. PMID:27713124
3. Nodal involvement evaluation in advanced cervical cancer: a single institutional experience.
Science.gov (United States)
Gonzalez-Benitez, C; Zapardiel, I; Salas, P I; Diestro, M D; Hernandez, A; De Santiago, J
2013-01-01
To assess the usefulness of different imaging techniques in the detection of nodal involvement in patients with advanced cervical carcinoma. Moreover, to analyze the correlation between the presurgical (FIGO) and postsurgical (pTNM) staging classifications. All patients diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer (FIGO Stages IIB-IV) from 2005 to 2012 were selected. The medical charts of 51 patients that underwent presurgical assessment with posterior surgical staging by means of para-aortic lymphadenectomy, were reviewed. Nodal status assessment by computed tomography scan (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and sonography was compared, as well as the size given in imaging techniques compared to the final pathologic report information. Presurgical analysis by CT scan, MRI, PET, and sonography showed pelvic nodal involvement in 51.3% of patients, and para-aortic involvement in 30.8% of cases. CT scan showed positive pelvic nodes in 35% of cases, but pathologic confirmation was observed in just 17.6% of cases. However, MRI resulted in higher rates of up to 48.8% of cases. Concerning para-aortic nodal involvement, CT scan showed positive nodes in 25% of cases, MRI in 3.2% of cases, and the pathologic report in 15.6% of cases. The authors found significant differences between staging groups among both classifications (FIGO vs. pTNM; p < 0.001). Eight cases (15.7%) were understaged by FIGO classification. Despite all imaging techniques available, none has demonstrated to be efficient enough to avoid the systematic study of para-aortic nodal status by means of surgical evaluation.
4. Transcript Profiling Distinguishes Complete Treatment Responders With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer1234
Science.gov (United States)
Fernandez-Retana, Jorge; Lasa-Gonsebatt, Federico; Lopez-Urrutia, Eduardo; Coronel-Martínez, Jaime; Cantu De Leon, David; Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia; Peralta-Zaragoza, Oscar; Perez-Montiel, Delia; Reynoso-Noveron, Nancy; Vazquez-Romo, Rafael; Perez-Plasencia, Carlos
2015-01-01
Cervical cancer (CC) mortality is a major public health concern since it is the second cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Patients diagnosed with locally advanced CC (LACC) have an important rate of recurrence and treatment failure. Conventional treatment for LACC is based on chemotherapy and radiotherapy; however, up to 40% of patients will not respond to conventional treatment; hence, we searched for a prognostic gene signature able to discriminate patients who do not respond to the conventional treatment employed to treat LACC. Tumor biopsies were profiled with genome-wide high-density expression microarrays. Class prediction was performed in tumor tissues and the resultant gene signature was validated by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. A 27-predictive gene profile was identified through its association with pathologic response. The 27-gene profile was validated in an independent set of patients and was able to distinguish between patients diagnosed as no response versus complete response. Gene expression analysis revealed two distinct groups of tumors diagnosed as LACC. Our findings could provide a strategy to select patients who would benefit from neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy-based treatment. PMID:25926073
5. Transcript Profiling Distinguishes Complete Treatment Responders With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jorge Fernandez-Retana
2015-04-01
Full Text Available Cervical cancer (CC mortality is a major public health concern since it is the second cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Patients diagnosed with locally advanced CC (LACC have an important rate of recurrence and treatment failure. Conventional treatment for LACC is based on chemotherapy and radiotherapy; however, up to 40% of patients will not respond to conventional treatment; hence, we searched for a prognostic gene signature able to discriminate patients who do not respond to the conventional treatment employed to treat LACC. Tumor biopsies were profiled with genome-wide high-density expression microarrays. Class prediction was performed in tumor tissues and the resultant gene signature was validated by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. A 27-predictive gene profile was identified through its association with pathologic response. The 27-gene profile was validated in an independent set of patients and was able to distinguish between patients diagnosed as no response versus complete response. Gene expression analysis revealed two distinct groups of tumors diagnosed as LACC. Our findings could provide a strategy to select patients who would benefit from neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy-based treatment.
6. SCREENING FOR CERVICAL CANCER
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Enrique
CANCER SCREENING. February 2004 Vol.22 No.2 CME 63. Cervical cancer remains a major health concern worldwide, especially in devel- oping countries. It is the commonest malignancy among black women in South. Africa. The quoted incidence of cervical cancer is approximately 30/100 000 women.1 Mortality is ...
7. Therapeutic Results of Concurrent Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Uterine Cervical Cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kang, Seung Hee; Suh, Hyun Suk; Yang, Kwang Mo; Lee, Eung Soo; Park, Sung Kwon
1995-01-01
8. Early clinical outcome of coverage probability based treatment planning for simultaneous integrated boost of nodes in locally advanced cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lindegaard, Jacob Chr; Assenholt, Marianne; Ramlov, Anne
2017-01-01
INTRODUCTION: More than 50% of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) have pathological nodes. Coverage probability (CovP) is a new planning technique allowing for relaxed dose at the boost periphery minimising collateral irradiation. The aim was to report the first early clinical...... remission at 3 months is predictive for favourable long-term nodal control, our study indicates that CovP for SIB is promising....
9. A STUDY OF COX-2 INHIBITOR CELECOXIB AND CHEMORADIATION IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED CERVICAL CANCER
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kuppa Prakash
2016-08-01
10. Fludeoxyglucose F 18 PET Scan, CT Scan, and Ferumoxtran-10 MRI Scan Before Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Finding Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer or High-Risk Endometrial Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2016-11-14
Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma; Cervical Small Cell Carcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Endometrial Clear Cell Carcinoma; Endometrial Papillary Serous Carcinoma; Stage I Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage II Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage III Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer
11. National Cancer Data Base Analysis of Radiation Therapy Consolidation Modality for Cervical Cancer: The Impact of New Technological Advancements
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gill, Beant S. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (United States); Lin, Jeff F. [Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (United States); Krivak, Thomas C. [Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (United States); Sukumvanich, Paniti; Laskey, Robin A.; Ross, Malcolm S.; Lesnock, Jamie L. [Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (United States); Beriwal, Sushil, E-mail: [email protected] [Department of Radiation Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (United States)
2014-12-01
locally advanced cervical cancer; however, there has been declining utilization of brachytherapy. Increased use of IMRT and SBRT boost coupled with increased mortality risk should raise concerns about utilizing these approaches over brachytherapy.
12. Chemo-radiotherapy plus hyperthermia in locally advanced cervical cancer: preliminary results of an institutional phase II study
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gabbani, M.; Marciai, N.; Maluta, S.; Griso, C.; Merlin, F.; Cassandrini, P.; Giudici, S.; Franchi, M.; Zanini, L.
2005-01-01
Full text: Radiotherapy given concurrently with a cisplatin-based regimen has shown a benefit in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer so becoming the new standard treatment according to EBM criteria. Addition of hyperthermia to radiotherapy has also been proved to yield an advantage in survival and local control in pts affected by recurrent and local advanced cervical cancer in the Dutch Phase III trial so that the Consensus Forum of Kadota (Osaha June 2004) included cervical cancer among tumors treatable with hyperthermia. In our institutional multidisciplinary team a pilot study has been designed in order to evaluate feasibility, outcome and toxicity of tri-modality treatment in pts with locally advanced cervical cancer in our daily practice. Since January 2003 to now eight patients affected by cervical cancer with stage IB2 through IVA N0-N+ pelvic or paraaortic were entered the study. Six patients were treated at initial diagnosis and two patients after chemotherapy which had achieved stable disease. Treatment regimen consisted in 5 courses of weekly chemotherapy (cisplatin 40 mg/mq) with concurrent external radiotherapy to a total dose of 64-66 Gy on CTV1 and 45 Gy on para-aortic nodes plus boost in pts with enlarged nodes identified by imaging. Five weekly sessions of hyperthermia were performed by using BSD 2000 system and sigma 60 applicator. No significant toxicity occurred and all of the patients completed tri-modality treatment in accordance with the study protocol. Seven pts experienced a complete clinical remission and one patient a partial remission as defined by clinical and imaging examinations. After four months from the end of the treatment a patient with Stage IIB bulky tumor plus one pelvic positive node who was in complete remission (Clinical examination, MRI and TAC-PET three months from the end of the treatment were negative for evidence of disease) developed a bleeding recto-vaginal fistula plus central pelvic necrosis for which an
13. Cervical Cancer Prevention
Science.gov (United States)
... term pregnancies have an increased risk of cervical cancer. Using oral contraceptives for a long time Among women who are ... a 10 year period, the risk of cervical cancer returns to that of women who never used oral contraceptives. Smoking cigarettes Among women who are infected with ...
14. The role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Marjamaegi, M.M.
1998-01-01
A retrospective analyses was performed in a series of patients with advanced cervix cancer. The aim of this analyses was to evaluate the efficiency of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced cervix cancer. For the patients with advanced stages, active multidisciplinary treatment is necessary for local control and suppression of distant metastases
15. Nanocarriers for the Effective Treatment of Cervical Cancer: Research Advancements and Patent Analysis.
Science.gov (United States)
Akhtar, Nida; Pathak, Kamla
2018-04-02
Cervical cancer being the cancer of cervix is caused by the aberrant cell growth that acquires an ability to spread/ invade to other body parts as well. It has been reported to be the second most commonest cause of death and cancer as well among women. Based on the severity of the disease, treatment aspect needs to be explored more in order to overcome the limitations acquired by conventional treatment. Recently, nanocarriers based drug delivery systems including liposomes, nanofibres, metallic NPs, polymeric NPs, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, antibody-drug conjugates etc. have been explored to target and treat cervical cancer. This review highlights numerous recent research and patent reports as well on nanocarriers based systems. Patents viz US, EP and WIPO have been retrieved using sites www.uspto.gov/patft and www.freepatentsonline.com to collect literature on nanocarriers. Various research reports and patents revealed nanocarriers to be effective in treating cervical cancer and these carriers are observed to be safer than the conventional treatment. Nanocarriers results in transforming drug distribution that can overpower drug resistance. Further, nanocarriers based drug delivery systems can particularly target drugs to cellular, subcellular and tissue sites. By enhancing the drug's bioavailability at the desired site, these systems result in therapeutic benefits like enhanced safety and efficacy. Also, in combination with other treatment approaches like radiation, photothermal and gene therapy, nanocarriers are reported to be quite effective and can define novel strategies to combat cervical cancer. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected].
16. Chemotherapy-related leukopenia as a biomarker predicting survival outcomes in locally advanced cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Bogani, Giorgio; Sabatucci, Ilaria; Maltese, Giuseppa; Lecce, Francesca; Signorelli, Mauro; Martinelli, Fabio; Chiappa, Valentina; Indini, Alice; Leone Roberti Maggiore, Umberto; Borghi, Chiara; Fucà, Giovanni; Ditto, Antonino; Raspagliesi, Francesco; Lorusso, Domenica
2017-01-01
17. Nodal-staging surgery for locally advanced cervical cancer in the era of PET.
Science.gov (United States)
Gouy, Sebastien; Morice, Philippe; Narducci, Fabrice; Uzan, Catherine; Gilmore, Jennifer; Kolesnikov-Gauthier, Hélène; Querleu, Denis; Haie-Meder, Christine; Leblanc, Eric
2012-05-01
18. Prognostic models for locally advanced cervical cancer: external validation of the published models.
Science.gov (United States)
Lora, David; Gómez de la Cámara, Agustín; Fernández, Sara Pedraza; Enríquez de Salamanca, Rafael; Gómez, José Fermín Pérez Regadera
2017-09-01
To externally validate the prognostic models for predicting the time-dependent outcome in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) who were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in an independent cohort. A historical cohort of 297 women with LACC who were treated with radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy from 1999 to 2014 at the 12 de Octubre University Hospital (H12O), Madrid, Spain. The external validity of prognostic models was quantified regarding discrimination, calibration, measures of overall performance, and decision curve analyses. The review identified 8 studies containing 13 prognostic models. Different (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stages, parametrium involvement, hydronephrosis, location of positive nodes, and race) but related cohorts with validation cohort (5-year overall survival [OS]=70%; 5-year disease-free survival [DFS]=64%; average age of 50; and over 79% squamous cell) were evaluated. The following models exhibited good external validity in terms of discrimination and calibration but limited clinical utility: the OS model at 3 year from Kidd et al.'s study (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC]=0.69; threshold of clinical utility [TCU] between 36% and 50%), the models of DFS at 1 year from Kidd et al.'s study (AUROC=0.64; TCU between 24% and 32%) and 2 years from Rose et al.'s study (AUROC=0.70; TCU between 19% and 58%) and the distant recurrence model at 5 years from Kang et al.'s study (AUROC=0.67; TCU between 12% and 36%). The external validation revealed the statistical and clinical usefulness of 4 prognostic models published in the literature. Copyright © 2017. Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology, Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology
19. SCREENING FOR CERVICAL CANCER
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Enrique
Cervical cancer remains a major health concern worldwide, especially in devel- oping countries. It is the commonest malignancy ... Based on data from Cali, Colombia, the impact of starting cervical screening at different ages shows that starting .... vated blue-white light is attached to the inner aspect of the upper speculum.
20. Residual rotational set-up errors after daily cone-beam CT image guided radiotherapy of locally advanced cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Laursen, Louise Vagner; Elstrøm, Ulrik Vindelev; Vestergaard, Anne; Muren, Ludvig P.; Petersen, Jørgen Baltzer; Lindegaard, Jacob Christian; Grau, Cai; Tanderup, Kari
2012-01-01
Purpose: Due to the often quite extended treatment fields in cervical cancer radiotherapy, uncorrected rotational set-up errors result in a potential risk of target miss. This study reports on the residual rotational set-up error after using daily cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to position cervical cancer patients for radiotherapy treatment. Methods and materials: Twenty-five patients with locally advanced cervical cancer had daily CBCT scans (650 CBCTs in total) prior to treatment delivery. We retrospectively analyzed the translational shifts made in the clinic prior to each treatment fraction as well as the residual rotational errors remaining after translational correction. Results: The CBCT-guided couch movement resulted in a mean translational 3D vector correction of 7.4 mm. Residual rotational error resulted in a target shift exceeding 5 mm in 57 of the 650 treatment fractions. Three patients alone accounted for 30 of these fractions. Nine patients had no shifts exceeding 5 mm and 13 patients had 5 or less treatment fractions with such shifts. Conclusion: Twenty-two of the 25 patients have none or few treatment fractions with target shifts larger than 5 mm due to residual rotational error. However, three patients display a significant number of shifts suggesting a more systematic set-up error.
1. Immunotherapy for Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
In an early phase NCI clinical trial, two patients with metastatic cervical cancer had a complete disappearance of their tumors after receiving treatment with a form of immunotherapy called adoptive cell transfer.
2. Screening for Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
... cervical cancer: • Cytology: This test, also called a Pap test or Pap smear, looks for abnormal changes in ... women ages 21 to 65, screening with a Pap test every 3 years has the highest benefits with ...
3. Health seeking behavior of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Cervical cancer is increasingly recognized as one of the public health problems among women in developing countries. Most women with cervical cancer are seen in the health care system late with advanced stage of cancer. This study aims to explore the care seeking behavior of women with cervical cancer.
4. Is extended-field concurrent chemoradiation an option for radiologic negative paraaortic lymph node, locally advanced cervical cancer?
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Asiri, Mushabbab Al; Tunio, Mutahir A; Mohamed, Reham; Bayoumi, Yasser; Alhadab, Abdulrehman; Saleh, Rasha M; AlArifi, Muhannad Saud; Alobaid, Abdelaziz
2014-01-01
5. Preventing cervical cancer
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cervical cancer remains the most common cancer diagnosed in women in southern Africa, with an estimated lifetime risk of 1 in. 26.1. Unfortunately most of these cancers are also diagnosed at a late stage, with subsequent poor prognosis for long-term survival. This very high incidence is particularly sad in an era where.
6. Risk Factors for Pelvic Insufficiency Fractures in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Following Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ramlov, Anne, E-mail: [email protected] [Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (Denmark); Pedersen, Erik Morre; Røhl, Lisbeth [Department of Radiotherapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (Denmark); Worm, Esben [Department of Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (Denmark); Fokdal, Lars; Lindegaard, Jacob Chr. [Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (Denmark); Tanderup, Kari [Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (Denmark); Department of Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (Denmark)
2017-04-01
Purpose: To investigate the incidence of and risk factors for pelvic insufficiency fracture (PIF) after definitive chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Methods and Materials: We analyzed 101 patients with LACC treated from 2008-2014. Patients received weekly cisplatin and underwent external beam radiation therapy with 45 Gy in 25 fractions (node-negative patients) or 50 Gy in 25 fractions with a simultaneous integrated boost of 60 Gy in 30 fractions (node-positive patients). Pulsed dose rate magnetic resonance imaging guided adaptive brachytherapy was given in addition. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging was performed routinely at 3 and 12 months after the end of treatment or based on clinical indication. PIF was defined as a fracture line with or without sclerotic changes in the pelvic bones. D{sub 50%} and V{sub 55Gy} were calculated for the os sacrum and jointly for the os ileum and pubis. Patient- and treatment-related factors including dose were analyzed for correlation with PIF. Results: The median follow-up period was 25 months. The median age was 50 years. In 20 patients (20%), a median of 2 PIFs (range, 1-3 PIFs) were diagnosed; half were asymptomatic. The majority of the fractures were located in the sacrum (77%). Age was a significant risk factor (P<.001), and the incidence of PIF was 4% and 37% in patients aged ≤50 years and patients aged >50 years, respectively. Sacrum D{sub 50%} was a significant risk factor in patients aged >50 years (P=.04), whereas V{sub 55Gy} of the sacrum and V{sub 55Gy} of the pelvic bones were insignificant (P=.33 and P=.18, respectively). A dose-effect curve for sacrum D{sub 50%} in patients aged >50 years showed that reduction of sacrum D{sub 50%} from 40 Gy{sub EQD2} to 35 Gy{sub EQD2} reduces PIF risk from 45% to 22%. Conclusions: PIF is common after treatment of LACC and is mainly seen in patients aged >50 years. Our data indicate that PIFs are not related to lymph node
7. Radiosensitizers in cervical cancer. Cisplatin and beyond
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cetina Lucely
2006-05-01
8. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with bleomycin, ifosfamide and nedaplatin (NAC-BIN) followed by radiotherapy in locoregionally advanced uterine cervical cancer
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Toita, Takafumi; Ogawa, Kazuhiko; Kakinohana, Yasumasa; Adachi, Genki; Nishikuramori, Yukiko; Murayama, Sadayuki [Ryukyus Univ., Nishihara, Okinawa (Japan). School of Medicine
2000-06-01
Twelve patients with locoregionally advanced uterine cervical cancer (IIIB: 10, IVA: 2) were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of bleomycin, ifosfamide, and nedaplatin (NAC-BIN) and full dose radical radiotherapy. NAC-BIN achieved one complete response and seven partial responses, for a response rate of 67%. Hematologic toxicity was the most common side effect. Five experienced grade 3{<=}leukopenia, and three had grade 3{<=}anemia. With the mean follow-up of 25 months (range: 9-52 months), nine of 12 patients developed recurrence. Eight had pelvic recurrence alone, and one had both pelvic recurrence and distant metastases. The 2-year pelvic control rate, disease-free survival rate (DFS), and absolute survival rate (AS) were 25%, 25%, and 42%, respectively. The 2-year DFS and AS for patients who responded well to NAC-BIN (CR+PR) was 38% and 63%, whereas for those with a poor response (NC) were 0%. From these results, we consider that preoperative NAC-BIN should not be indicated for patients with unresectable stage (stage III{<=}) uterine cervical cancer, because poor responders must subsequently be treated with definitive radiotherapy and may suffer poor prognosis. (author)
9. Impact of incomplete plan to treatment results of concurrent weekly cisplatin and radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tharavichitkul, E.; Lorvidhaya, V.; Kamnerdsupaphon, P.; Pukanhaphan, N.; Sukthomya, V.; Chitapanarax, I.; Pinitpatcharalerd, A.; Galalae, R.
2011-01-01
To evaluate the efficacy of incomplete treatment protocols of cisplatin in concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical carcinoma. This retrospective study was performed in 165 consecutively treated patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who received a weekly cisplatin regimen. The number of weekly cisplatin cycles of each patient was recorded and used to discriminate between patients. Local control, disease free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and toxicities were calculated using the software package SPSS version 15.0. Ninety-two patients (55%) completed the planned protocol of six cycles of weekly cisplatin. With the median follow-up time of 38.2 months, the 3-year local control rate differed significantly in the two patient groups (95.4% of 6 cycles versus 84.8% of <6 cycles; p=0.028). No statistical significance was observed for disease-free survival (74.6% versus 74.5%; p=0.22) and distant metastasis-free survival (76.5% vs. 75.7%; p=0.88). In conclusion, the plan completion of concurrent cisplatin with radiotherapy was responsible for better local control. However, differences in disease-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival were not statistical significant. (author)
10. Prevent Cervical Cancer!
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2015-01-08
Cervical cancer can be prevented. Listen as two friendsâone a doctorâtalk about screening tests and early detection. Learn what test you might need. Created: 1/8/2015 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP). Date Released: 1/8/2015.
11. Therapeutic effect of intra-arterial chemotherapy with DDP and 5-FU via bilateral uterine arteries for advanced uterine cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhou Kang; Li Xiaoguang; Jin Zhengyu; Yang Ning; Liu Wei; Pan Jie; Zhang Xiaobo; Shi Haifeng; Sun Hao; Wang Zhiwei
2010-01-01
12. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer
Science.gov (United States)
Zhu, Haiyan; Luo, Hui; Zhang, Wenwen; Shen, Zhaojun; Hu, Xiaoli; Zhu, Xueqiong
2016-01-01
Patients with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer have poor prognosis, and their 1-year survival is only 10%–20%. Chemotherapy is considered as the standard treatment for patients with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer, and cisplatin appears to treat the disease effectively. However, resistance to cisplatin may develop, thus substantially compromising the efficacy of cisplatin to treat advanced or recurrent cervical cancer. In this article, we systematically review the recent literature and summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer. PMID:27354763
13. January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month
Science.gov (United States)
The Center for Global Health supports global activities to advance global cancer research, build expertise, and leverage resources across nations to address the challenges of cancer and reduce cancer deaths worldwide. Towards these aims, NCI has partnered with Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon, a global organization founded on public-private partnerships dedicated to saving women’s lives by advancing prevention, screening, and treatment for breast and cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America.
14. Case Studies - Cervical Cancer
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2010-10-15
Dr. Alan Waxman, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of New Mexico and chair of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) committee for the underserved, talks about several case studies for cervical cancer screening and management. Created: 10/15/2010 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC). Date Released: 6/9/2010.
15. Future Directions - Cervical Cancer
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2009-10-15
Dr. Alan Waxman, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of New Mexico and chair of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) committee for the underserved, talks about possible changes in cervical cancer screening and management. Created: 10/15/2009 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC). Date Released: 6/9/2010.
16. Results of combined therapy of irradiation and bleomycin suppository for advanced uterine cervical cancer
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Saito, Haruo; Asakawa, Hiroshi; Otawa, Hirokazu; Nemoto, Kenji; Saito, Hiroyuki (Miyagi Prefectural Adult Disease Center, Natori (Japan))
1984-09-01
Efficacy, survival rates and adverse effects of the combined therapy of irradiation with intravaginal bleomycin suppositories were analyzed and discussed in 49 patients with uterine cervical cancer. The results were as follows: 1. Histological examination of biopsy specimens from the uterine cervix taken just after the completion of this treatment showed favorable control over the primary lesions. However, the efficacy of the bleomycin suppositories was too mild to form a basis for treatment without intracavitary irradiation. Because of the low concentration of bleomycin in serum after suppository administration, it is thought that bleomycin would have little effect on distant metastases. 2. Survival rates in stage III patients were 83% at 12 months, 77% at 24 months and 70% at 36 months. These were superior to those for irradiation alone. 3. The major adverse effect of bleomycin suppositories was fever, reduction of the bleomycin dose in each suppository but controlled this to some extent Lung fibrosis or severe damage to the liver, kidney and bone marrow were not found.
17. Results of combined therapy of irradiation and bleomycin suppository for advanced uterine cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Saito, Haruo; Asakawa, Hiroshi; Otawa, Hirokazu; Nemoto, Kenji; Saito, Hiroyuki
1984-01-01
Efficacy, survival rats and adverse effects of the combined therapy of irradiation with intravaginal bleomycin suppositories were analyzed and discussed in 49 patients with uterine cervical cancer. The results were as follows: 1. Histological examination of biopsy specimens from the uterine cervix taken just after the completion of this treatment showed favorable control over the primary lesions. However, the efficacy of the bleomycin suppositories was too mild to form a basis for treatment without intracavitary irradiation. Because of the low concentration of bleomycin in serum after suppository administration, it is thought that bleomycin would have little effect on distant metastases. 2. Survival rates in stage III patients were 83% at 12 months, 77% at 24 months and 70% at 36 months. These were superior to those for irradiation alone. 3. The major adverse effect of bleomycin suppositories was fever, reduction of the bleomycin dose in each suppository but controlled this to some extent Lung fibrosis or severe damage to the liver, kidney and bone marrow were not found. (author)
18. Economic burden of cervical cancer in Malaysia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sharifa E.W. Puteh
2008-12-01
Full Text Available Cervical cancers form the second highest number of female cancers in Malaysia, imposing a substantial amount of cost burden on its management. However, an estimation of cost burden of abnormal smears, cervical pre-invasive and invasive diseases needs to be done to show how much spending has been allocated to the problem. An expert panel committee came up with the clinical pathway and management algorithm of cervical pre invasive and invasive diseases from July-December 2006 Malaysia. An activity based costing for each clinical pathway was done. Results were converted to USD. The cost of managing pre-invasive cervical cancers stage is USD 420,150 (Range: USD 197,158-879,679. Management of invasive cancer (new cases costs USD 51,533,233.44 (Range: USD 32,405,399.69 - USD 129,014,768.40. The cost of managing existing cases is USD 17,005,966.87 (Range: USD 10,693,781.90 - USD 28,901,587.12. The total cost of managing cervical cancers by health care providers in a public setting is around USD 75,888,329.45 (Range: USD 48,083,804.60 - USD 48,083,804.60. The outcome of this study has shown that preventive modalities such as screening have only contributed to 10.3 % of the total management cost of cervical cancer. The major cost contribution (67% came from treatment of invasive cancer especially at more advanced stages of cancer, followed by treatment of existing cases (22% and lastly on pre-invasive disease (0.6%. This study revealed that proportion of preventive modality in this country was still low, and the major cost came from actual treatment cost of cervical cancer. Therefore, heightened public cervical cancer screening in the country is needed. (Med J Indones 2008; 17: 272-80Keywords: cervical cancers, pre invasive disease, HPV vaccination
19. Radiation Therapy Plus Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in Treating Patients With Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2014-12-23
Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Cervical Small Cell Carcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer
20. Conventional and conformal technique of external beam radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer: Dose distribution, tumor response, and side effects
Science.gov (United States)
Mutrikah, N.; Winarno, H.; Amalia, T.; Djakaria, M.
2017-08-01
1. Cispaltino in radiotherapy and treatment of cancer advanced cervical and high risk
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Santini, A.; Mara, C.; Terradas, M.; Ferreira, V.; Torres, M.
2010-01-01
2. Image guided adaptive brachytherapy with combined intracavitary and interstitial technique improves the therapeutic ratio in locally advanced cervical cancer: Analysis from the retroEMBRACE study
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
LU, Fokdal; Sturdza, Alina; Mazeron, Renaud
2016-01-01
Background and purpose Image guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) using intracavitary applicators (IC) has led to a significant improvement of local control in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Further improvement has been obtained with combined intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) applicat......Background and purpose Image guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) using intracavitary applicators (IC) has led to a significant improvement of local control in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Further improvement has been obtained with combined intracavitary/interstitial (IC....../IS) applicators. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the impact on local control and late morbidity of application of combined IS/IC brachytherapy in a large multicentre population. Material/methods 610 patients with LACC from the retroEMBRACE study were included. Patients were divided into an IC group (N...
3. The effect of logotherapy on the expressions of cortisol, HSP70, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and pain scales in advanced cervical cancer patients.
Science.gov (United States)
2017-02-01
This study aims to analyze the effect of logotherapy on the expression of cortisol, HSP70, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and to conduct pain assessments in advanced cervical cancer patients. We carried out this research through pretest-posttest control-group design on the expression of cortisol, HSP70, the BDI, and pain scales after a patient receives logotherapy treatment. Based on a comparative test conducted with the two groups before the treatment, there is no significant difference (p > .05). There is a significant difference (p logotherapy affects the expression of cortisol, BDI, and pain scales in advanced cervical cancer patients, and that it does not affect the expression of HSP70.
4. Practical aspects of cervical cancer
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Tillaart, Sabrina Ada Hendrika Maria van den
2013-01-01
The thesis describes studies on practical aspects of cervical cancer, concering surgical considerations, and aspects of tumour behaviour and tumour spread. The thesis comprises studies on: the comparison of nerve-sparing and non-nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer; a new surgical
5. Repeat CT-scan assessment of lymph node motion in locally advanced cervical cancer patients
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bondar, Luiza; Velema, Laura; Mens, Jan Willem; Heijmen, Ben; Hoogeman, Mischa [Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, 3008 AE, Rotterdam (Netherlands); Zwijnenburg, Ellen [Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Nijmegen (Netherlands)
2014-12-15
In cervical cancer patients the nodal clinical target volume (CTV, defined using the major pelvic blood vessels and enlarged lymph nodes) is assumed to move synchronously with the bony anatomy. The aim of this study was to verify this assumption by investigating the motion of the major pelvic blood vessels and enlarged lymph nodes visible in CT scans. For 13 patients treated in prone position, four variable bladder-filling CT scans per patient, acquired at planning and after 40 Gy, were selected from an available dataset of 9-10 CT scans. The bladder, rectum, and the nodal-vessels structure containing the iliac vessels and all visible enlarged nodes were delineated in each selected CT scan. Two online patient setup correction protocols were simulated. The first corrected bony anatomy translations and the second corrected translations and rotations. The efficacy of each correction was calculated as the overlap between the nodal-vessels structure in the reference and repeat CT scans. The motion magnitude between delineated structures was quantified using nonrigid registration. Translational corrections resulted in an average overlap of 58 ± 13% and in a range of motion between 9.9 and 27.3 mm. Translational and rotational corrections significantly improved the overlap (64 ± 13%, p value = 0.007) and moderately reduced the range of motion to 7.6-23.8 mm (p value = 0.03). Bladder filling changes significantly correlated with the nodal-vessels motion (p < 0.001). The motion of the nodal-vessels was large, nonrigid, patient-specific, and only moderately synchronous with the bony anatomy. This study highlights the need for caution when reducing the CTV-to-PTV (PTV planning target volume) margin of the nodal CTV for highly conformal radiation techniques. (orig.) [German] Bei Zervixkarzinompatientinnen wird davon ausgegangen, dass das nodale klinische Zielvolumen (CTV, definiert anhand der grossen Blutgefaesse des Beckens und vergroesserter Lymphknoten) sich synchron mit
6. [Primary cervical cancer screening].
Science.gov (United States)
Vargas-Hernández, Víctor Manuel; Vargas-Aguilar, Víctor Manuel; Tovar-Rodríguez, José María
2015-01-01
Cervico-uterine cancer screening with cytology decrease incidence by more than 50%. The cause of this cancer is the human papilloma virus high risk, and requires a sensitive test to provide sufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection and greater interval period when the results are negative. The test of the human papilloma virus high risk, is effective and safe because of its excellent sensitivity, negative predictive value and optimal reproducibility, especially when combined with liquid-based cytology or biomarkers with viral load, with higher sensitivity and specificity, by reducing false positives for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or greater injury, with excellent clinical benefits to cervical cancer screening and related infection of human papilloma virus diseases, is currently the best test for early detection infection of human papillomavirus and the risk of carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2015 Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.
7. Treatment of Advanced or Recurrent Cervical Cancer with Cisplatin or Cisplatin Containing Regimens: A Cost Effective Analysis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
John P. Geisler, Jayanth Swathirajan, Katherine L. Wood, Kelly J. Manahan
2012-01-01
Full Text Available Background: Trials have demonstrated improvements in survival with adding paclitaxel (P or topotecan (T to cisplatin (C for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer. We sought to evaluate the cost effectiveness of these regimens.Methods: A decision model was developed based on Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG protocols 169 and 179. Arm 1 is 6 cycles of cisplatin. Arm 2 is 6 cycles of CP while arm 3 is 6 cycles of CT. Parameters include overall survival (OS, cost and complications. Sensitivity analyses were performed.Results: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER for C versus CP is $13,654/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY gained. For CT compared to C, the ICER is$152,327/QALY. When compared simultaneously, CT is dominated. At a willingness to pay (WTP threshold of $50,000/QALY, C is the preferred option but CP is acceptable. Sensitivity analyses suggest that CT would become the preferred option if it was to improve OS to 24 months (compared to 9.4 months.Conclusions: In this model, CP is an acceptable alternative to cisplatin for the treatment of these patients with an increase in cost of only$13,654/QALY. The addition of topotecan did not increase survival enough to justify the increased cost.
8. Pharmacokinetic analysis and k-means clustering of DCEMR images for radiotherapy outcome prediction of advanced cervical cancers.
Science.gov (United States)
Andersen, Erlend K F; Kristensen, Gunnar B; Lyng, Heidi; Malinen, Eirik
2011-08-01
Pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance images (DCEMRI) allows for quantitative characterization of vascular properties of tumors. The aim of this study is twofold, first to determine if tumor regions with similar vascularization could be labeled by clustering methods, second to determine if the identified regions can be associated with local cancer relapse. Eighty-one patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy underwent DCEMRI with Gd-DTPA prior to external beam radiotherapy. The median follow-up time after treatment was four years, in which nine patients had primary tumor relapse. By fitting a pharmacokinetic two-compartment model function to the temporal contrast enhancement in the tumor, two pharmacokinetic parameters, K(trans) and ύ(e), were estimated voxel by voxel from the DCEMR-images. Intratumoral regions with similar vascularization were identified by k-means clustering of the two pharmacokinetic parameter estimates over all patients. The volume fraction of each cluster was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the clusters. Three clusters provided a sufficient reduction of the cluster variance to label different vascular properties within the tumors. The corresponding median volume fraction of each cluster was 38%, 46% and 10%. The second cluster was significantly associated with primary tumor control in a log-rank survival test (p-value: 0.042), showing a decreased risk of treatment failure for patients with high volume fraction of voxels. Intratumoral regions showing similar vascular properties could successfully be labeled in three distinct clusters and the volume fraction of one cluster region was associated with primary tumor control.
9. Pharmacokinetic analysis and k-means clustering of DCEMR images for radiotherapy outcome prediction of advanced cervical cancers
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Andersen, Erlend K. F.; Kristensen, Gunnar B.; Lyng, Heidi; Malinen, Eirik
2011-01-01
Introduction. Pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance images (DCEMRI) allows for quantitative characterization of vascular properties of tumors. The aim of this study is twofold, first to determine if tumor regions with similar vascularization could be labeled by clustering methods, second to determine if the identified regions can be associated with local cancer relapse. Materials and methods. Eighty-one patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy underwent DCEMRI with Gd-DTPA prior to external beam radiotherapy. The median follow-up time after treatment was four years, in which nine patients had primary tumor relapse. By fitting a pharmacokinetic two-compartment model function to the temporal contrast enhancement in the tumor, two pharmacokinetic parameters, K trans and u e , were estimated voxel by voxel from the DCEMR-images. Intratumoral regions with similar vascularization were identified by k-means clustering of the two pharmacokinetic parameter estimates over all patients. The volume fraction of each cluster was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the clusters. Results. Three clusters provided a sufficient reduction of the cluster variance to label different vascular properties within the tumors. The corresponding median volume fraction of each cluster was 38%, 46% and 10%. The second cluster was significantly associated with primary tumor control in a log-rank survival test (p-value: 0.042), showing a decreased risk of treatment failure for patients with high volume fraction of voxels. Conclusions. Intratumoral regions showing similar vascular properties could successfully be labeled in three distinct clusters and the volume fraction of one cluster region was associated with primary tumor control
10. Triapine, Cisplatin, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Cervical Cancer or Vaginal Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2017-10-16
Recurrent Cervical Cancer; Recurrent Vaginal Cancer; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage II Vaginal Cancer; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage III Vaginal Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Vaginal Cancer; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer; Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer; Therapy-related Toxicity
11. Cervical Cancer: Reality and Paradigm Shift
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alfredo Quiñones Ceballos
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Invasive cervical carcinoma usually reaches its highest frequency between 35-50 years of age. The Cuban prevention program screens the female population aged 25 to 60 years using the Pap smear and reexamines them every three years. Despite this effort, advanced cancer is diagnosed in young women as well as in those 40 to 60 years of age.
12. Cervical cancer screening among Southeast Asian American women.
Science.gov (United States)
Ho, Ivy K; Dinh, Khanh T
2011-02-01
The incidence of cervical cancer is high among Southeast Asian American women, but their participation in preventive cervical cancer screening is alarmingly low. This paper reviews the literature on factors associated with participation in cervical cancer screening among women of Vietnamese, Cambodian and Hmong descent in the United States. These factors include acculturation, age, marital status, knowledge about cervical cancer, apprehension about cervical cancer screening, financial concerns, access to health care, and physician characteristics and recommendation. Suggestions for future research include the need to investigate the role of physicians treating Southeast Asian American women, the need for more extensive up-to-date studies on the current generation of young Southeast Asian American women, and the use of more advanced assessments of acculturation. Overall, much more work is needed in order to deepen our understanding of the various ways to improve the rate of cervical cancer screening among Southeast Asian American women.
13. Cisplatin and Radiation Therapy Followed by Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Treating Patients With Stage IB-IVA Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2017-05-03
Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer
14. The Perceptions Of Traditional Healers Of Cervical Cancer Care At ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The purpose of this article is to explore and describe the perceptions of traditional healers of cervical cancer care. The incidence of cervical cancer, especially among black South African females, is among the highest in the world. Women report at clinics and hospitals on a daily basis with advanced stages (stages III and IV) ...
15. Therapeutic vaccination for HPV induced cervical cancers.
Science.gov (United States)
Brinkman, Joeli A; Hughes, Sarah H; Stone, Pamela; Caffrey, Angela S; Muderspach, Laila I; Roman, Lynda D; Weber, Jeffrey S; Kast, W Martin
2007-01-01
Cervical Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide and is associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, creating a unique opportunity to treat cervical cancer through anti-viral vaccination. Although a prophylactic vaccine may be available within a year, millions of women, already infected, will continue to suffer from HPV-related disease, emphasizing the need to develop therapeutic vaccination strategies. A majority of clinical trials examining therapeutic vaccination have shown limited efficacy due to examining patients with more advanced-stage cancer who tend to have decreased immune function. Current trends in clinical trials with therapeutic agents examine patients with pre-invasive lesions in order to prevent invasive cervical cancer. However, longer follow-up is necessary to correlate immune responses to lesion regression. Meanwhile, preclinical studies in this field include further exploration of peptide or protein vaccination, and the delivery of HPV antigens in DNA-based vaccines or in viral vectors. As long as pre-clinical studies continue to advance, the prospect of therapeutic vaccination to treat existing lesions seem good in the near future. Positive consequences of therapeutic vaccination would include less disfiguring treatment options and fewer instances of recurrent or progressive lesions leading to a reduction in cervical cancer incidence.
16. January Monthly Spotlight: Cervical Health and Cervical Cancer Disparities
Science.gov (United States)
In January, CRCHD joins the nation in raising awareness for Cervical Health and Cervical Cancer Disparities. This month we share a special focus on NCI/CRCHD research programs that are trying to reduce cervical cancer disparities in underserved communities and the people who are spreading the word about the importance of early detection.
17. Cervical cancer screening at crossroads
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lynge, Elsebeth; Rygaard, Carsten; Baillet, Miguel Vazquez-Prada
2014-01-01
Cervical screening has been one of the most successful public health prevention programmes. For 50 years, cytology formed the basis for screening, and detected cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) were treated surgically to prevent progression to cancer. In a high-risk country as Denmark......, screening decreased the incidence of cervical cancer from 34 to 11 per 100,000, age-standardized rate (World Standard Population). Screening is, however, also expensive; Denmark (population: 5.6 million) undertakes close to half a million tests per year, and has 6-8 CIN-treated women for each prevented...... cancer case. The discovery of human papillomavirus (HPV) as the cause of cervical cancer dramatically changed perspectives for disease control. Screening with HPV testing was launched around 1990, and preventive HPV vaccination was licensed in 2006. Long-term randomized controlled trials (RCT...
18. Cervical Dysplasia: Is It Cancer?
Science.gov (United States)
Cervical dysplasia: Is it cancer? I had a Pap test recently, and my doctor said the results showed ... the appearance of the abnormal cells. On the Pap test report, this will be reported as a low- ...
19. Cervical Cancer Screening - Multiple Languages
Science.gov (United States)
... Cancer Screening - English PDF It's a Simple Test - Cervical Cancer Screening - español (Spanish) PDF American Cancer Society Ukrainian (українська ) Expand Section Female Exam and Pap Smear - українська (Ukrainian) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Urdu ( ...
20. Drugs Approved for Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
This page lists cancer drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cervical cancer. The list includes generic names, brand names, and common drug combinations, which are shown in capital letters. The drug names link to NCI's Cancer Drug Information summaries.
1. Therapeutic Vaccination for HPV Induced Cervical Cancers
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Joeli A. Brinkman
2007-01-01
Full Text Available Cervical Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer–related deaths in women worldwide and is associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV infection, creating a unique opportunity to treat cervical cancer through anti-viral vaccination. Although a prophylactic vaccine may be available within a year, millions of women, already infected, will continue to suffer from HPV-related disease, emphasizing the need to develop therapeutic vaccination strategies. A majority of clinical trials examining therapeutic vaccination have shown limited efficacy due to examining patients with more advanced-stage cancer who tend to have decreased immune function. Current trends in clinical trials with therapeutic agents examine patients with pre-invasive lesions in order to prevent invasive cervical cancer. However, longer follow-up is necessary to correlate immune responses to lesion regression. Meanwhile, preclinical studies in this field include further exploration of peptide or protein vaccination, and the delivery of HPV antigens in DNA-based vaccines or in viral vectors. As long as pre-clinical studies continue to advance, the prospect of therapeutic vaccination to treat existing lesions seem good in the near future. Positive consequences of therapeutic vaccination would include less disfiguring treatment options and fewer instances of recurrent or progressive lesions leading to a reduction in cervical cancer incidence.
2. Cetuximab, Cisplatin, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage IB, Stage II, Stage III, or Stage IVA Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2014-12-29
Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Cervical Small Cell Carcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer
3. Expression of PD-L1 and presence of CD8-positive T cells in pre-treatment specimens of locally advanced cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Enwere, Emeka K; Kornaga, Elizabeth N; Dean, Michelle; Koulis, Theodora A; Phan, Tien; Kalantarian, Maria; Köbel, Martin; Ghatage, Prafull; Magliocco, Anthony M; Lees-Miller, Susan P; Doll, Corinne M
2017-04-01
Several of the cancer immunotherapies under investigation or in clinical use target the programmed death-ligand 1/programmed death-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) signaling axis. PD-L1 expression in tumor samples has been used as a predictive marker for response to these therapeutics, and may also have independent prognostic utility when assessed along with immune cell markers. Our objectives were to assess the expression of PD-L1 in tumor specimens from a uniformly treated patient cohort with locally advanced cervical cancer, and to determine its prognostic significance along with the density of tumor-infiltrating T cells. We identified 120 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with radical chemoradiotherapy, and built tissue microarrays from their formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pre-treatment biopsies. We used conventional brightfield and fluorescence immunohistochemistry to detect PD-L1, and quantified protein expression using both manual pathologist scoring and automated software analysis. We also evaluated the effect of PD-L1 expression in tumors, along with the presence and density of intra-tumoral CD8 + T cells, on patient survival outcomes. Approximately 96% of the tumor samples expressed PD-L1, as determined using quantitative software analysis. Neither expression of PD-L1 nor density of CD8 + T cells was associated with progression-free or overall survival. However, there was a trend towards worse progression-free survival in patients whose tumors expressed PD-L1 but lacked CD8 + T cells (hazard ratio=0.43 (0.18-1.01), P=0.053). Nevertheless, the high percentage of cervical cancer tumor samples expressing PD-L1 suggests that anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 therapies are potential treatment options for this patient population.
4. The significance of tumoral ERCC1 status in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemoradiation therapy: a multicenter clinicopathologic analysis.
Science.gov (United States)
Doll, Corinne M; Aquino-Parsons, Christina; Pintilie, Melania; Klimowicz, Alexander C; Petrillo, Stephanie K; Milosevic, Michael; Craighead, Peter S; Clarke, Blaise; Lees-Miller, Susan P; Fyles, Anthony W; Magliocco, Anthony M
2013-03-01
5. The Significance of Tumoral ERCC1 Status in Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Treated With Chemoradiation Therapy: A Multicenter Clinicopathologic Analysis
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
2013-03-01
Purpose: ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1) expression has been shown to be a molecular marker of cisplatin resistance in many tumor sites, but has not been well studied in cervical cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to measure tumoral ERCC1 in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in a large multicenter cohort, and to correlate expression with clinical outcome parameters. Methods and Materials: A total of 264 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, treated with curative-intent radical CRT from 3 major Canadian cancer centers were evaluated. Pretreatment formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were retrieved, and tissue microarrays were constructed. Tumoral ERCC1 (FL297 antibody) was measured using AQUA (R) technology. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of clinical factors and ERCC1 status with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years. Results: The majority of patients had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage II disease (n=119, 45%); median tumor size was 5 cm. OS was associated with tumor size (HR 1.16, P=.018), pretreatment hemoglobin status (HR 2.33, P=.00027), and FIGO stage. In addition, tumoral ERCC1 status (nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio) was associated with PFS (HR 2.33 [1.05-5.18], P=.038) and OS (HR 3.13 [1.27-7.71], P=.013). ERCC1 status was not significant on multivariate analysis when the model was adjusted for the clinical factors: for PFS (HR 1.49 [0.61-3.6], P=.38); for OS (HR 2.42 [0.94-6.24] P=.067). Conclusions: In this large multicenter cohort of locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with radical CRT, stage, tumor size, and pretreatment hemoglobin status were significantly associated with PFS and OS. ERCC1 status appears to have prognostic impact on univariate analysis in these patients, but was not independently associated with outcome on
6. The Significance of Tumoral ERCC1 Status in Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Treated With Chemoradiation Therapy: A Multicenter Clinicopathologic Analysis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Doll, Corinne M.; Aquino-Parsons, Christina; Pintilie, Melania; Klimowicz, Alexander C.; Petrillo, Stephanie K.; Milosevic, Michael; Craighead, Peter S.; Clarke, Blaise; Lees-Miller, Susan P.; Fyles, Anthony W.; Magliocco, Anthony M.
2013-01-01
Purpose: ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1) expression has been shown to be a molecular marker of cisplatin resistance in many tumor sites, but has not been well studied in cervical cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to measure tumoral ERCC1 in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in a large multicenter cohort, and to correlate expression with clinical outcome parameters. Methods and Materials: A total of 264 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, treated with curative-intent radical CRT from 3 major Canadian cancer centers were evaluated. Pretreatment formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were retrieved, and tissue microarrays were constructed. Tumoral ERCC1 (FL297 antibody) was measured using AQUA (R) technology. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of clinical factors and ERCC1 status with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years. Results: The majority of patients had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage II disease (n=119, 45%); median tumor size was 5 cm. OS was associated with tumor size (HR 1.16, P=.018), pretreatment hemoglobin status (HR 2.33, P=.00027), and FIGO stage. In addition, tumoral ERCC1 status (nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio) was associated with PFS (HR 2.33 [1.05-5.18], P=.038) and OS (HR 3.13 [1.27-7.71], P=.013). ERCC1 status was not significant on multivariate analysis when the model was adjusted for the clinical factors: for PFS (HR 1.49 [0.61-3.6], P=.38); for OS (HR 2.42 [0.94-6.24] P=.067). Conclusions: In this large multicenter cohort of locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with radical CRT, stage, tumor size, and pretreatment hemoglobin status were significantly associated with PFS and OS. ERCC1 status appears to have prognostic impact on univariate analysis in these patients, but was not independently associated with outcome on
7. Cervical Cancer Risk Prediction Models
Science.gov (United States)
Developing statistical models that estimate the probability of developing cervical cancer over a defined period of time will help clinicians identify individuals at higher risk of specific cancers, allowing for earlier or more frequent screening and counseling of behavioral changes to decrease risk.
8. Three-dimensional dose accumulation in pseudo-split-field IMRT and brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Sun, Baozhou; Yang, Deshan; Esthappan, Jackie; Garcia-Ramirez, Jose; Price, Samantha; Mutic, Sasa; Schwarz, Julie K; Grigsby, Perry W; Tanderup, Kari
2015-01-01
9. CDC Vital Signs: Cervical Cancer is Preventable
Science.gov (United States)
... Digital Press Kit Read the MMWR Science Clips Cervical Cancer is Preventable Language: English (US) Español (Spanish) Recommend ... 000 More than 4,000 women die of cervical cancer each year. 93% As many as 93% of ...
10. Preventing Cervical Cancer with HPV Vaccines
Science.gov (United States)
Cervical cancer can be prevented with HPV vaccines. NCI-supported researchers helped establish HPV as a cause of cervical cancer. They also helped create the first HPV vaccines, were involved in the vaccine trials, and contribute to ongoing studies.
11. Cervical cancer: A global health crisis.
Science.gov (United States)
Small, William; Bacon, Monica A; Bajaj, Amishi; Chuang, Linus T; Fisher, Brandon J; Harkenrider, Matthew M; Jhingran, Anuja; Kitchener, Henry C; Mileshkin, Linda R; Viswanathan, Akila N; Gaffney, David K
2017-07-01
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy diagnosed in women worldwide. Nearly all cases of cervical cancer result from infection with the human papillomavirus, and the prevention of cervical cancer includes screening and vaccination. Primary treatment options for patients with cervical cancer may include surgery or a concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimen consisting of cisplatin-based chemotherapy with external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Cervical cancer causes more than one quarter of a million deaths per year as a result of grossly deficient treatments in many developing countries. This warrants a concerted global effort to counter the shocking loss of life and suffering that largely goes unreported. This article provides a review of the biology, prevention, and treatment of cervical cancer, and discusses the global cervical cancer crisis and efforts to improve the prevention and treatment of the disease in underdeveloped countries. Cancer 2017;123:2404-12. © 2017 American Cancer Society. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
12. Randomized Clinical Trial of Weekly vs. Triweekly Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Concurrent With Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ryu, Sang-Young, E-mail: [email protected] [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Won-Moo; Kim, Kidong [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Park, Sang-Il [Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Beob-Jong; Kim, Moon-Hong; Choi, Seok-Cheol [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Chul-Koo [Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Nam, Byung-Ho [Cancer Biostatistics Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Eui-Don [Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan (Korea, Republic of)
2011-11-15
Purpose: To compare compliance, toxicity, and outcome of weekly and triweekly cisplatin administration concurrent with radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods and Materials: In this open-label, randomized trial, 104 patients with histologically proven Stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer were randomly assigned by a computer-generated procedure to weekly (weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m{sup 2}, six cycles) and triweekly (cisplatin 75 mg/m{sup 2} every 3 weeks, three cycles) chemotherapy arms during concurrent radiotherapy. The difference of compliance and the toxicity profiles between the two arms were investigated, and the overall survival rate was analyzed after 5 years. Results: All patients tolerated both treatments very well, with a high completion rate of scheduled chemotherapy cycles. There was no statistically significant difference in compliance between the two arms (86.3% in the weekly arm, 92.5% in the triweekly arm, p > 0.05). Grade 3-4 neutropenia was more frequent in the weekly arm (39.2%) than in the triweekly arm (22.6%) (p = 0.03). The overall 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in the triweekly arm (88.7%) than in the weekly arm (66.5%) (hazard ratio 0.375; 95% confidence interval 0.154-0.914; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Triweekly cisplatin 75-mg/m{sup 2} chemotherapy concurrent with radiotherapy is more effective and feasible than the conventional weekly cisplatin 40-mg/m{sup 2} regimen and may be a strong candidate for the optimal cisplatin dose and dosing schedule in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer.
13. Randomized Clinical Trial of Weekly vs. Triweekly Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Concurrent With Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ryu, Sang-Young; Lee, Won-Moo; Kim, Kidong; Park, Sang-Il; Kim, Beob-Jong; Kim, Moon-Hong; Choi, Seok-Cheol; Cho, Chul-Koo; Nam, Byung-Ho; Lee, Eui-Don
2011-01-01
Purpose: To compare compliance, toxicity, and outcome of weekly and triweekly cisplatin administration concurrent with radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods and Materials: In this open-label, randomized trial, 104 patients with histologically proven Stage IIB–IVA cervical cancer were randomly assigned by a computer-generated procedure to weekly (weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m 2 , six cycles) and triweekly (cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks, three cycles) chemotherapy arms during concurrent radiotherapy. The difference of compliance and the toxicity profiles between the two arms were investigated, and the overall survival rate was analyzed after 5 years. Results: All patients tolerated both treatments very well, with a high completion rate of scheduled chemotherapy cycles. There was no statistically significant difference in compliance between the two arms (86.3% in the weekly arm, 92.5% in the triweekly arm, p > 0.05). Grade 3–4 neutropenia was more frequent in the weekly arm (39.2%) than in the triweekly arm (22.6%) (p = 0.03). The overall 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in the triweekly arm (88.7%) than in the weekly arm (66.5%) (hazard ratio 0.375; 95% confidence interval 0.154–0.914; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Triweekly cisplatin 75-mg/m 2 chemotherapy concurrent with radiotherapy is more effective and feasible than the conventional weekly cisplatin 40-mg/m 2 regimen and may be a strong candidate for the optimal cisplatin dose and dosing schedule in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer.
14. Cervical Cancer Vaccination | Ajiboye | Tropical Journal of ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Objective: This article provides an overview of cervical cancer vaccine including safety, efficacy and cost in the primary prevention of cervical cancer. Discussion: The quadrivalent human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. These HPV types are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers ...
15. Radiation Therapy and Cisplatin With or Without Epoetin Alfa in Treating Patients With Cervical Cancer and Anemia
Science.gov (United States)
2017-08-08
Anemia; Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Drug Toxicity; Radiation Toxicity; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer
16. Cervical Cancer Screening with AMIGAS
Science.gov (United States)
Lairson, David R.; Chang, Yu-Chia; Byrd, Theresa L.; Smith, Judith Lee; Fernandez, Maria E.; Wilson, Katherine M.
2015-01-01
Background Hispanic women have a higher incidence of cervical cancer than all other races and ethnicities. In Hispanic subgroups, Mexican American women were among the least likely to have received cervical cancer screening. In a recent RCT, Ayudando a las Mujeres con Información, Guia, y Amor para su Salud (AMIGAS) was shown to increase cervical cancer screening rates among women of Mexican descent at 6 months in all intervention arms compared to the control arm. Limited information exists about the economics of interventions to increase cervical cancer screening rates among women of Mexican descent. Purpose This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the alternative AMIGAS intervention methods for increasing cervical cancer screening among low-income women of Mexican descent in three U.S. communities. Methods Cost data were collected from 2008 to 2011 alongside the AMIGAS study of 613 women. Receipt of Pap test within 6 months of intervention was the primary outcome measure in the cost-effectiveness analysis, conducted during 2012–2013. Results The cost per additional woman screened comparing the video-only intervention to usual care was $980. The cost increased to$1,309 with participant time cost included. With an additional cost per participant of 3.90 compared to flipchart only, the full AMIGAS program (video plus flipchart) yielded 6.8% additional women screened. Conclusions Results on the average and incremental cost-effectiveness of the AMIGAS program elements may assist health policymakers and program managers to select and appropriately budget for interventions shown to increase cervical cancer screening among low-income women of Mexican descent. PMID:24842738 17. Radiobiological characteristics of cervical cancer International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kagabu, Teruo; Kobayashi, Takashi; Nanayama, Kunihiko 1976-01-01 In order to observe the radiobiological characteristics of cervical cancer, the author carried out irradiation of 60 Co in 16 cases of cervical cancer. The primary lesion of each case was exposed to radiation of 100 R once a day, 40 times in sequence, totaling 4,000 R. To evaluate this results, the vaginal smears were obtained everyday and examined for changes in cancerous cells caused by the irradiation. The results of our study showed that cervical cancer could be classified into three groups according to the radiosensitivity of its cancerous cells. In the group of low-radiosensitivity (11 cases of 16), the cancerous cells decreased gradually, and enlargement of the nuclei of the cancerous cells was observed from 2,000 R of irradiation, but the majority of the cancerous cells were those of nucleus after the irradiation of 4,000 R. In all of the 5 uterus removed, residual cancer lesion was noted. The radiocuability was unfavourable. In the group of high-radiosensitivity (4 cases of 16), the cancerous cells decreased remarkablly. Enlargement of nucleus was noted from 1,000 R of the irradiation, the cancerous cells of small-sized nucleus appeared with the irradiation of 3,000 R but the cancerous cells almost disappeared with the irradiation of 4,000 R. The radiocuability was favourable. In the group of combination of high-radiosensitivity and low-radiosensitivity portions (one case of 16), the cancerous cells decreased remarkablly until the exposure to the radiation of 2,000 R but thereafter did slowly. In a removed uterus, the cancer lesion was noted, but the prognosis was favourable. The foregoing results suggest that changes in the nuclear diameter of the cancerous cells in vaginal smears during irradiation can tell the radiosensitivity of the cancerous cells. (Kanao, N.) 18. Lynch Syndrome and Cervical Cancer Science.gov (United States) Antill, Yoland C; Dowty, James G; Win, Aung Ko; Thompson, Tina; Walsh, Michael D; Cummings, Margaret C; Gallinger, Steven; Lindor, Noralane M; Le Marchand, Loïc; Hopper, John L; Newcomb, Polly A; Haile, Robert W; Church, James; Tucker, Katherine M; Buchanan, Daniel D; Young, Joanne P; Winship, Ingrid M; Jenkins, Mark A 2015-01-01 Carriers of germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes are at increased risk of several cancers including colorectal and gynecologic cancers (Lynch syndrome). There is no substantial evidence that these mutations are associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. A total of 369 families with at least one carrier of a mutation in a MMR gene (133 MLH1, 174 MSH2, 35 MSH6, and 27 PMS2) were ascertained via population cancer registries or via family cancer clinics in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and USA. Personal and family histories of cancer were obtained from participant interviews. Modified segregation analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio (incidence rates for carriers relative to those for the general population), and age-specific cumulative risks of cervical cancer for carriers. A total of 65 cases of cervical cancer were reported (including 10 verified by pathology reports). The estimated incidence was 5.6–fold (95% CI: 2.3–13.8; p=0.001) higher for carriers than for the general population with a corresponding cumulative risk to 80 years of 4.5% (95% CI: 1.9–10.7%) compared with 0.8% for the general population. The mean age at diagnosis was 43.1 years (95% CI: 40.0–46.2), 3.9 years younger than the reported USA population mean of 47.0 years (p=0.02). Women with MMR gene mutations were found to have an increased risk of cervical cancer. Due to limited pathology verification we cannot be certain that a proportion of these cases were not lower uterine segment endometrial cancers involving the endocervix, a recognized cancer of Lynch syndrome. PMID:26077226 19. Thiazolidinediones abrogate cervical cancer growth Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Wuertz, Beverly R., E-mail: [email protected]; Darrah, Lindsay, E-mail: [email protected]; Wudel, Justin, E-mail: [email protected]; Ondrey, Frank G., E-mail: [email protected] 2017-04-15 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) is activated by thiazolidinedione drugs (TZDs) and can promote anti-cancer properties. We used three TZDs (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and ciglitazone) to target cervical cancer cell lines and a nude mouse animal model. Each agent increased activation of PPAR γ, as judged by a luciferase reporter gene assay in three HPV-associated cell lines (CaSki, SiHa, and HeLa cells) while decreasing cellular proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. They also promoted Oil Red O accumulation in treated cell lines and upregulated the lipid differentiation marker adipsin. Interestingly, xenograft HeLa tumors in nude mice treated with 100 mg/kg/day pioglitazone exhibited decreased growth compared to control mice or mice treated with standard cervical chemotherapy. In conclusion, TZDs slow tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo with decreases in cell proliferation and increases in PPAR γ and adipsin. These agents may be interesting treatments or treatment adjuncts for HPV-associated cancers or perhaps even precancerous conditions. - Highlights: • Thiazolidinediones decreases cervical cancer proliferation. • Pioglitazone increases cervical cancer differentiation. • Pioglitazone decreases tumor growth in mice. • Pioglitazone may be a useful treatment adjunct. 20. Lymphedema After Surgery in Patients With Endometrial Cancer, Cervical Cancer, or Vulvar Cancer Science.gov (United States) 2017-05-03 Lymphedema; Stage IA Cervical Cancer; Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IA Vulvar Cancer; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IB Vulvar Cancer; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage II Vulvar Cancer; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIA Vulvar Cancer; Stage IIIB Vulvar Cancer; Stage IIIC Vulvar Cancer; Stage IVB Vulvar Cancer 1. Methods for Cervical Cancer Screening Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Tatiana Vargas-Revilla 2014-12-01 This article is divided in three sections: the first one focuses on the general impact of cervical cancer has hadin CostaRica, these condsection gathers information about different methodologies used around the world to detect this cancer and the third one makes reference to the current development of the screening devise in Mexico that works as a monitoring system and can used by women without external assistance. 2. Selective Changes in the Immune Profile of Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes After Different Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Regimens for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Battaglia, Alessandra; Buzzonetti, Alexia; Martinelli, Enrica; Fanelli, Mara; Petrillo, Marco; Ferrandina, Gabriella; Scambia, Giovanni; Fattorossi, Andrea 2010-01-01 Purpose: To assess how neoadjuvant chemoradiation regimens modulate the immune system state in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN), in the setting of advanced cervical cancer. Methods and Materials: Tumor-draining lymph nodes of patients undergoing chemotherapy only (nonirradiated, NI-TDLN) and chemoradiation with lower-dose (39.6 Gy, LD-TDLN) and higher-dose radiation (50 Gy, HD-TDLN) were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. Results: Enlarging our previous data, LD-TDLN showed features overall indicative of an enhanced antitumor response as compared with NI-TDLN, namely a significant Th1 and Tc1 polarization and a lower amount of the potent CD4 + Foxp3 + CD25 high regulatory T cell (Treg) subset identified by neuropilin-1 expression. Conversely, compared with NI-TDLN, HD-TDLN showed features overall indicative of an impaired antitumor response, namely a significantly inverted CD4/CD8 cell ratio, a higher Nrp1 + Treg frequency, and a higher frequency of CCR4 + Treg, a Treg subset facilitated in migrating out from TDLN to suppress the immune response against distant cancer cells. Moreover, the Th1 and Tc1 polarization induced by LD radiation was lost, and there was an unfavorable tolerogenic/immunogenic dendritic cell ratio compared with LD-TDLN. Conclusions: Even minor differences in radiation dose in neoadjuvant regimens for locally advanced cervical cancer are crucial for determining the balance between a tolerogenic and an efficacious antitumor immune response in TDLN. Because most of the anticancer immune response takes place in TDLN, the present findings also emphasize the importance of chemoradiation protocols in the context of immunotherapeutic trials. 3. SU-F-T-420: Dosimetry Comparison of Advanced External Beam Radiation Treatment Modalities to Brachytherapy Treatments in Patients with Cervical Cancer Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Mwidu, U; Devic, S [McGill University, Montreal, QC (Canada); Shehadeh, M; AlKafi, M; Mahmood, R; Moftah, B [King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) 2016-06-15 Purpose: A retrospective comparison of dose distributions achievable by High dose rate brachytherapy (HDRBT), Helical TomoTherapy (TOMO), CyberKnife (CK) and RapidArc (RA) in locally advanced inoperable cervical cancer patients is presented. Methods: Five patients with advanced stage cervical carcinoma were selected for this study after a full course of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), chemotherapy and HDR Brachytherapy. To highlight any significant similarities/differences in dose distributions, high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) coverage, organs at risk (OAR) sparing, and machine specific delivery limitations, we used D90 (dose received by 90% of the volume) as the parameter for HRCTV coverage as recommended by the GEC-ESTRO Working Group. We also compared both integral and differential dose volume histograms (DVH) between different dose distributions treatment modalities for HRCTV and OAR. Results: TOMO and RA provided the most conformal dose distributions to HRCTV. Median doses (in Gy) to organs at risk were; for rectal wall: 1.7±0.6, 2.5±0.6,1.2±0.3, and 1.5±0.6, and for bladder wall: 1.6±0.1, 2.4±0.4, 0.8±0.6, and 1.5±0.5, for HDRBT, TOMO, CK, and RA, respectively. Conclusion: Contemporary EBRT modalities might be able to replace brachytherapy treatments for cervix cancer. While brachytherapy dose distributions feature high dose gradients, EBRT modalities provide highly conformal dose distributions to the target. However, it is still not clear whether a highly conformal dose or high gradient dose is more clinically relevant for the HRCTV in cervix cancer patients. 4. Manifestation pattern of early-late vaginal morbidity after definitive radiation (chemo)therapy and image-guided adaptive brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer: an analysis from the EMBRACE study NARCIS (Netherlands) Kirchheiner, Kathrin; Nout, Remi A.; Tanderup, Kari; Lindegaard, Jacob C.; Westerveld, Henrike; Haie-Meder, Christine; Petrič, Primož; Mahantshetty, Umesh; Dörr, Wolfgang; Pötter, Richard 2014-01-01 Brachytherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer has changed substantially because of the introduction of combined intracavitary/interstitial applicators and an adaptive target concept, which is the focus of the prospective, multi-institutional EMBRACE study (www.embracestudy.dk) 5. Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2013 OpenAIRE Suh, Dong Hoon; Kim, Jae-Weon; Kang, Sokbom; Kim, Hak Jae; Lee, Kyung-Hun 2014-01-01 In 2013, 10 topics were selected for major clinical research advances in gynecologic oncology; these included three topics regarding cervical cancer, three regarding ovarian cancer, two regarding endometrial cancer, and one each regarding breast cancer and radiation oncology. For cervical cancer, bevacizumab was first demonstrated to exhibit outstanding clinical efficacy in a recurrent, metastatic setting. Regarding cervical cancer screening, visual inspections with acetic acid in low-resourc... 6. Raman spectroscopy in cervical cancers: An update Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) S Rubina 2015-01-01 Full Text Available Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women worldwide. Developing countries contribute more than 80% towards global burden. Over the last 2 decades, Raman spectroscopy (RS has been actively pursued for cervical cancer detection. In view of latest development in Raman spectroscopic applications in cervical cancers, especially in vivo studies, an update of the same is presented in this article. This articles opens with a brief note on Anatomy of cervix followed by Etiology, and conventional Screening and Diagnosis of Cervical cancers. In subsequent sections, brief description of Theory and Instrumentation of RS is followed by a review of recent developments in cervical cancer detection; with emphasis on cell lines, exfoliated cells, ex vivo and in vivo, and therapeutic response monitoring applications in cervical cancer. 7. Assessment of radiation doses to the para-aortic, pelvic, and inguinal lymph nodes delivered by image-guided adaptive brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Mohamed, Sandy M I; Aagaard, Torben; Fokdal, Lars U 2015-01-01 .8-6.2 Gy equivalent total dose in 2-Gy fractions) to the pelvic LN (external iliac, internal iliac, obturator, and presacral) in optimized plans, whereas less-dose contribution to CI, para-aortic, and inguinal (mean D50% was 0.5-1.9 Gy equivalent total dose in 2-Gy fractions) was observed. Optimized plans......PURPOSE: This study evaluated the dose delivered to lymph nodes (LNs) by brachytherapy (BT) and the effect of BT image-guided optimization on the LN dose. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-five patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed, 16 patients of them had LN...... involvement. The patients received whole pelvis intensity-modulated radiation therapy (45-50 Gy/25-30 fx) to whole pelvis and two fractions of MRI pulsed-dose-rate BT. The delineated LN groups were para-aortic, inguinal, common iliac (CI), external iliac, internal iliac, obturator, and presacral. For each LN... 8. Health-Related Quality of Life in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients After Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy Including Image Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy: An Analysis From the EMBRACE Study DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Kirchheiner, Kathrin; Pötter, Richard; Tanderup, Kari 2016-01-01 Purpose This study analyzed functioning and symptom scores for longitudinal quality of life (QoL) from patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who underwent definitive chemoradiation therapy with image guided adaptive brachytherapy in the EMBRACE study. Methods and Materials In total, 744...... the first year, every 6 months in the second and third years, and finally yearly thereafter in patients with no evidence of disease. Outcomes were evaluated over time and compared to those from an age-matched female reference population. Results General QoL and emotional and social functioning were impaired...... treatment, decreased substantially at the first follow-up after treatment. Several treatment-related symptoms developed either immediately after and persisted over time (diarrhea, menopausal symptoms, peripheral neuropathy, and sexual functioning problems) or developed gradually after treatment (lymphedema... 9. Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer in ... African Journals Online (AJOL) The relative incidences of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer were studied in black and white patients at the academic hospitals of the University of the Orange Free State. A statistically highly significant difference was found between black and white patients, with a higher incidence of ... 10. Impact of primary para-aortic lymphadenectomy on distant failure in locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated in the era of image-guided adaptive brachytherapy. Science.gov (United States) Chargari, Cyrus; Mazeron, Renaud; Dunant, Ariane; Gouy, Sébastien; Petit, Claire; Maroun, Pierre; Uzan, Catherine; Annede, Pierre; Bentivegna, Enrica; Balleyguier, Corinne; Genestie, Catherine; Pautier, Patricia; Leary, Alexandra; Lhomme, Catherine; Deutsch, Eric; Morice, Philippe; Haie-Meder, Christine 2016-12-01 To investigate the impact of a primary para-aortic lymphadenectomy (PAL) in locally advanced cervical cancer patients receiving definitive chemoradiation, we reviewed the clinical records of consecutive patients treated in our Institution and receiving an external beam irradiation followed with an image-guided adaptive brachytherapy for a locally advanced cervical cancer. We examined the impact of performing a primary PAL as part of primary staging for guiding irradiation fields in patients without extra-pelvic PET uptake. The outcome of patients presenting para-aortic lymph node uptake (PALNU) was also examined. 186 patients were identified. Median follow-up was 44.4 months. Patients receiving a primary PAL (PAL group) and those who received upfront pelvic chemoradiation (no-PAL group) did not significantly differ for loco-regional failures. Survival without distant failure (DFFS), including para-aortic relapses, was at 3 years 87 % (95 % CI 84-90 %) in PAL group, 67 % (95 % CI 59-85 %) in the no-PAL group and 44 % (95 % CI 32-66 %) in the PALNU group (p = 0.04 for comparison between PAL and no-PAL groups). In a multivariate model including para-aortic lymphadenectomy, pelvic nodal uptake and high-risk clinical target volume as adjustment variables, a para-aortic lymphadenectomy was significant for DFS (HR = 0.47, 95 % CI 0.26-0.84, p = 0.01). Although confounding factors could account for these retrospective results, a primary PAL with tailored irradiation fields based on para-aortic histological findings seems to be associated with a better control for distant metastases. A randomized trial is testing the benefit of this strategy. 11. Brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer: a review Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Banerjee R 2014-05-01 Full Text Available Robyn Banerjee,1 Mitchell Kamrava21Department of Radiation Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; 2Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USAAbstract: Dramatic advances have been made in brachytherapy for cervical cancer. Radiation treatment planning has evolved from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, incorporating magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography into the treatment paradigm. This allows for better delineation and coverage of the tumor, as well as improved avoidance of surrounding organs. Consequently, advanced brachytherapy can achieve very high rates of local control with a reduction in morbidity, compared with historic approaches. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art gynecologic brachytherapy, with a focus on recent advances and their implications for women with cervical cancer.Keywords: cervical cancer, brachytherapy, image-guided brachytherapy 12. A review of patients with advanced cervical cancer presenting to palliative care services at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Science.gov (United States) Bates, M J; Mijoya, A 2015-09-01 Cervical cancer is the commonest cancer affecting women in Malawi, which has the highest rate of this disease in the world. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. To describe the symptom burden, palliative care interventions, and outcomes of cervical cancer patients who entered care at Tiyanjane Clinic in Blantyre, Malawi, between January and December 2012. We reviewed the case files of 72 patients presenting to our hospital-based palliative care service over one year. The mean age was 49.5 years. Twenty-six patients (36%) were HIV-positive and the majority of these (n = 22; 85%) were on antiretroviral medication at presentation to palliative care. Pain (n = 66; 92%), vaginal discharge (n = 44; 61%), and unpleasant odour (n = 37; 51%) were commonly reported. Over a third of patients (n = 26; 36%) reported pain in two or more sites. Fourteen patients (19%) reported vaginal bleeding. Spousal breakdown (through widowhood or divorce) was noted in over half (n = 41; 57%) of all cases. Pain relief was provided to 69 (96%) of the patients (morphine to 40 patients; 56%). Common interventions provided included metronidazole tablets (used vaginally), sanitary items, and counselling. At the end of the study period, 18 patients (25%) were still under the care of palliative services. Access to medications such as morphine, metronidazole and tranexamic acid can improve quality of life, even when radiotherapy is limited. Health care teams require necessary skills and training, including how to perform a comprehensive assessment, with an emphasis on the provision of psychosexual counselling, to assist with the complexity of symptoms occurring in this vulnerable group. 13. Preventive vaccines for cervical cancer Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) WHEELER COSETTE M 1997-01-01 Full Text Available The potential use of vaccines for the human papillomavirus (HPV in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer is a possibility in the near future. Close to 20 genotypes of HPV, of the 75 that have been identified, infect the femine genital tract, but four subtypes (16, 18, 31 and 45 have been associated in close to 80% of cervical cancers. this article proposes that in order to design an effective prophylactic vaccine against HPV infection, an adequate immune response should be guaranteed through four goals; a activation of antigens present in the cell; b overcoming the host response and viral genetic variability in the T cell response; c generation of high levels of T and B memory cells; and d persistence of antigens. 14. Brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer: a review. Science.gov (United States) Banerjee, Robyn; Kamrava, Mitchell 2014-01-01 Dramatic advances have been made in brachytherapy for cervical cancer. Radiation treatment planning has evolved from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, incorporating magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography into the treatment paradigm. This allows for better delineation and coverage of the tumor, as well as improved avoidance of surrounding organs. Consequently, advanced brachytherapy can achieve very high rates of local control with a reduction in morbidity, compared with historic approaches. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art gynecologic brachytherapy, with a focus on recent advances and their implications for women with cervical cancer. 15. Priority Setting for Improvement of Cervical Cancer Prevention in Iran DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Majidi, A.; Ghiasvand, R.; Hadji, M. 2016-01-01 Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Organized cervical screening and vaccination against human papilloma virus (HPV) have been successful interventions for prevention of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Because of cultural and religious considerations... 16. Socioeconomic position and survival after cervical cancer DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Ibfelt, E H; Kjær, S K; Høgdall, C 2013-01-01 In an attempt to decrease social disparities in cancer survival, it is important to consider the mechanisms by which socioeconomic position influences cancer prognosis. We aimed to investigate whether any associations between socioeconomic factors and survival after cervical cancer could be expla......In an attempt to decrease social disparities in cancer survival, it is important to consider the mechanisms by which socioeconomic position influences cancer prognosis. We aimed to investigate whether any associations between socioeconomic factors and survival after cervical cancer could... 17. Cervical cancer: current knowledge, perception and associated ... African Journals Online (AJOL) Background and Objective: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst the gynaecological cancers worldwide, especially in developing countries. Cervical cancer continues to persist in Nigeria like other developing countries despite the existence of ... 18. THE CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING - UNSOLVED PROBLEMS Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) A. D. Kaprin 2015-01-01 Full Text Available The problem of cervical cancer (CC for many decades continues to be the center of attention leading foreign and domestic oncologists. Malignant cervical tumors occupy the leading position among malignant neoplasms of reproductive system in women, second only to breast cancer, despite having far more effective screening compared with this disease. On predictive expert estimates (taking into account population growth and the expected increase in life expectancy by 2020 in developing countries, the rising incidence and prevalence of cervical cancer is 40%, while in developed countries - 11%. If we do not perform timely interventions for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, after 2050 cervical cancer every year in the world will become sick 1 million women. In the last decade inRussiathere has been a gradual increase in the incidence of cervical cancer: average annual growth rate of 2.21%, General 25,18%. Cervical cancer is one of nosological forms that meet all the requirements of population-based screening. The current Russian normative documents do not give clear answers to questions concerning the age of onset of cervical cancer screening and the time interval between tests, no clear program organized cytological screening of cervical cancer. 19. Nanotechnology in the management of cervical cancer. Science.gov (United States) Chen, Jiezhong; Gu, Wenyi; Yang, Lei; Chen, Chen; Shao, Renfu; Xu, Kewei; Xu, Zhi Ping 2015-03-01 Cervical cancer is a major disease with high mortality. All cervical cancers are caused by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV). Although preventive vaccines for cervical cancer are successful, treatment of cervical cancer is far less satisfactory because of multidrug resistance and side effects. In this review, we summarize the recent application of nanotechnology to the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer as well as the development of HPV vaccines. Early detection of cervical cancer enables tumours to be efficiently removed by surgical procedures, leading to increased survival rate. The current method of detecting cervical cancer by Pap smear can only achieve 50% sensitivity, whereas nanotechnology has been used to detect HPVs with greatly improved sensitivity. In cervical cancer treatment, nanotechnology has been used for the delivery of anticancer drugs to increase treatment efficacy and decrease side effects. Nanodelivery of HPV preventive and therapeutic vaccines has also been investigated to increase vaccine efficacy. Overall, these developments suggest that nanoparticle-based vaccine may become the most effective way to prevent and treat cervical cancer, assisted or combined with some other nanotechnology-based therapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 20. A Phase II study of acute toxicity for CelebrexTM (celecoxib) and chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer: Primary endpoint analysis of RTOG 0128 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Gaffney, David K.; Winter, Kathryn M.S.; Dicker, Adam P.; Miller, Brigitte; Eifel, Patricia J.; Ryu, Janice; Avizonis, Vilija; Fromm, Mitch; Greven, Kathryn 2007-01-01 Purpose: To determine treatment-related acute toxicity rates in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated by oral celecoxib, i.v. cisplatin and 5-FU, and concurrent pelvic radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: Eligible patients on this RTOG Phase I-II study for advanced cervix cancer included FIGO Stage IIB-IVA or patients with FIGO Stage IB through IIA with biopsy proven pelvic node metastases or tumor size ≥5 cm. Patients were treated with pelvic radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Celecoxib was prescribed at 400 mg twice daily beginning on day 1 for 1 year. Cisplatin (75 mg/m2) and 5-FU (1g/m2 for 4 days) were administered every 3 weeks times 3. The primary end point of the study was treatment related toxicity. Results: Between August 2001 and March 2004, 84 patients were accrued to the study and 77 patients were evaluable for toxicity. Regarding the primary end point, toxicities were observed in the following areas: blood/bone marrow (16), gastrointestinal (14), pain (7), renal/genitourinary (6), cardiovascular (3), hemorrhage (1), and neurologic (1). For the first 75 evaluable patients, a toxicity failure was identified in 36 patients for a rate of 48%. Conclusions: Celecoxib at 400 mg twice daily together with concurrent cisplatin and 5-FU and pelvic radiotherapy has a high incidence of acute toxicities. The most frequent toxicities were hematologic. Albeit, the toxicity was deemed excessive in this trial, the rate of toxicities was not too different compared to other recent experiences with concurrent chemoradiation for advanced cervix cancer 1. Evaluation of Delivery Costs for External Beam Radiation Therapy and Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing. Science.gov (United States) Bauer-Nilsen, Kristine; Hill, Colin; Trifiletti, Daniel M; Libby, Bruce; Lash, Donna H; Lain, Melody; Christodoulou, Deborah; Hodge, Constance; Showalter, Timothy N 2018-01-01 To evaluate the delivery costs, using time-driven activity-based costing, and reimbursement for definitive radiation therapy for locally advanced cervical cancer. Process maps were created to represent each step of the radiation treatment process and included personnel, equipment, and consumable supplies used to deliver care. Personnel were interviewed to estimate time involved to deliver care. Salary data, equipment purchasing information, and facilities costs were also obtained. We defined the capacity cost rate (CCR) for each resource and then calculated the total cost of patient care according to CCR and time for each resource. Costs were compared with 2016 Medicare reimbursement and relative value units (RVUs). The total cost of radiation therapy for cervical cancer was12,861.68, with personnel costs constituting 49.8%. Brachytherapy cost $8610.68 (66.9% of total) and consumed 423 minutes of attending radiation oncologist time (80.0% of total). External beam radiation therapy cost$4055.01 (31.5% of total). Personnel costs were higher for brachytherapy than for the sum of simulation and external beam radiation therapy delivery ($4798.73 vs$1404.72). A full radiation therapy course provides radiation oncologists 149.77 RVUs with intensity modulated radiation therapy or 135.90 RVUs with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, with total reimbursement of $23,321.71 and$16,071.90, respectively. Attending time per RVU is approximately 4-fold higher for brachytherapy (5.68 minutes) than 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (1.63 minutes) or intensity modulated radiation therapy (1.32 minutes). Time-driven activity-based costing was used to calculate the total cost of definitive radiation therapy for cervical cancer, revealing that brachytherapy delivery and personnel resources constituted the majority of costs. However, current reimbursement policy does not reflect the increased attending physician effort and delivery costs of brachytherapy. We
2. Comparison of the result of radiation alone and radiation with daily low dose cisplatin in management of locally advanced cervical cancer
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kim, Hun Jung; Kim, Woo Chul; Lee, Mee Jo; Kim, Chul Su; Song, Eun Seop; Loh, John J. K. [Inha University Medical College, Inchon (Korea, Republic of)
2004-09-15
3. Stages of Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
... nearby lymph nodes are also removed. Artificial openings ( stoma ) are made for urine and stool to flow ... information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come ...
4. Prevent Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
... cause cancer. Most women don’t need a Pap test every year! Have your first Pap test when you’re 21. If your test results ... you can wait 3 years for your next Pap test. HPV tests aren’t recommended for screening women ...
5. Cervical Cancer Screening | Cancer Trends Progress Report
Science.gov (United States)
The Cancer Trends Progress Report, first issued in 2001, summarizes our nation's advances against cancer in relation to Healthy People targets set forth by the Department of Health and Human Services.
6. Frequency distribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes in Uyghur women with advanced squamous cell cervical cancer and relation to HPV status and clinical outcome.
Science.gov (United States)
Alifu, Mayinuer; Fan, Peiwen; Kuerban, Gulina; Yao, Xuan; Peng, Yanchun; Dong, Tao; Wang, Ruozheng
2018-03-01
This study aims to investigate the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and haplotypes in Uyghur women with advanced squamous cell cervical cancer (SCC). A total of 131 Uyghur patients with advanced SCC (IIb-IVa) and 91 healthy subjects from Xinjiang province were genotyped for HLA-I and II genes using Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence Based Typing. The different frequencies of HLA alleles and haplotypes between patients and controls were compared and the correlations were analyzed between HLA distribution and HPV status and prognosis. (1) The frequencies of B*51:01, DRB1*07:01, DQB1*02:01, A*01:01-C*06:02, A*01:01-DRB1*07:01, C*06:02-DQB1*02:01, DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and C*06:02-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 in cancer group were higher than control group whereas the frequencies of B*44:02, B*58:01, C*05:01, DRB1*04:01, DRB1*12:01, DRB1*13:01, DQB1*02:02, DQB1*05:02, DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:02 and DRB1*04:01-DQB1*03:02 in cancer group were lower than control group (P HLA alleles and its haplotypes play an important role. B*58:01 allele may act as an independent predictor for DSS.
7. Cervical cancer control, priorities and new directions.
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Monsonego, J; Bosch, F.X.; Coursaget, P.; Cox, JT; Franco, E; Frazer, I; Sankaranarayanan, R; Schiller, J; Singer, A; Wright, TCJr; Kinney, W; Meijer, C.J.L.M.; Linder, J
2004-01-01
99% of cervical cancer is initiated by HPV infection. The estimated lifetime risk of cervical cancer is nevertheless relatively low (less than 1 in 20 for most community based studies). Although sensitivity and specificity of the available diagnostic techniques are suboptimal, screening for
8. Cervical cancer incidence in elderly women
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lynge, Elsebeth; Lönnberg, Stefan; Törnberg, Sven
2017-01-01
was to determine whether this bipolar pattern in age-specific incidence of cervical cancer reflects underlying biology or can be explained by the fact that the data come from birth cohorts with different screening histories. Methods: Combination of historical data on cervical screening and population-based cancer...
9. Cervical cancer in India and HPV vaccination.
Science.gov (United States)
Kaarthigeyan, K
2012-01-01
Cervical cancer, mainly caused by Human Papillomavirus infection, is the leading cancer in Indian women and the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Though there are several methods of prevention of cervical cancer, prevention by vaccination is emerging as the most effective option, with the availability of two vaccines. Several studies have been published examining the vaccine's efficacy, immunogenicity and safety. Questions and controversy remain regarding mandatory vaccination, need for booster doses and cost-effectiveness, particularly in the Indian context.
10. Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer in ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
cancer in black and white patients. J. T. NEL, L. DE LANGE, P. J. MEIRING ... cervical cancer. This serious yet preventable disease is still very prevalent in South Africa, especially among black women. S AIr Med J 1994; 84: 18-19. Aanalysis of rime trends in .... therapy in users of oral contraceptives. Am J Clill Nucr 1982; 35:.
11. Clinical Implementation of an Online Adaptive Plan-of-the-Day Protocol for Nonrigid Motion Management in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer IMRT
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Heijkoop, Sabrina T., E-mail: [email protected]; Langerak, Thomas R.; Quint, Sandra; Bondar, Luiza; Mens, Jan Willem M.; Heijmen, Ben J.M.; Hoogeman, Mischa S.
2014-11-01
12. Clinical Implementation of an Online Adaptive Plan-of-the-Day Protocol for Nonrigid Motion Management in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer IMRT
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Heijkoop, Sabrina T.; Langerak, Thomas R.; Quint, Sandra; Bondar, Luiza; Mens, Jan Willem M.; Heijmen, Ben J.M.; Hoogeman, Mischa S.
2014-01-01
13. Trends of cervical cancer in Greenland
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sander, Bente B; Rebolj, Matejka; Lynge, Elsebeth
2014-01-01
. Nevertheless, little has been reported about long-term cancer trends in Greenland. Our aim was to describe and interpret the incidence of cervical cancer from 1950 to 2009. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed for articles reporting the incidence of cervical cancer in Greenland. We...... with the introduction of screening. The data strongly suggested that the increased burden of cervical cancer in Greenlandic women was real and followed earlier changes in sexual behaviour; these changes were likely a consequence of the tremendous societal changes....
14. Increasing Cervical Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations.
Science.gov (United States)
Dorsainvil, Merlyn A
The incidence of cervical cancer has declined dramatically due to Papanicolaou smear testing. However, some minority populations continue to suffer with high incidences and/or death rates of cervical cancer, due to lack of screening. This article updates on cervical cancer screening and prevention and discusses cultural impacts on screening. Knowledge deficits disproportionately affect ethnic minority groups and contribute to cancer incidence, whereas lack of healthcare coverage and low socioeconomic status contribute to screening disparities. Although minority women have cultural beliefs and practices that influence screening, recommendation and/or education from a provider often lead to screening.
15. Health-Related Quality of Life in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients After Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy Including Image Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy: An Analysis From the EMBRACE Study
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kirchheiner, Kathrin; Pötter, Richard; Tanderup, Kari; Lindegaard, Jacob C.; Haie-Meder, Christine; Petrič, Primož; Mahantshetty, Umesh; Jürgenliemk-Schulz, Ina M.; Rai, Bhavana; Cooper, Rachel; Dörr, Wolfgang; Nout, Remi A.; Lindegaard, Jacob; Tanderup, Kari; Fokdal, Lars; Van Der Steen Banasik, Elzbieta; Haie-Meder, Christine; Dumas, Isabelle
2016-01-01
Purpose: This study analyzed functioning and symptom scores for longitudinal quality of life (QoL) from patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who underwent definitive chemoradiation therapy with image guided adaptive brachytherapy in the EMBRACE study. Methods and Materials: In total, 744 patients at a median follow-up of 21 months were included. QoL was prospectively assessed using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life core module 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC cervical cancer module 24 (CX24) questionnaires at baseline, then every 3 months during the first year, every 6 months in the second and third years, and finally yearly thereafter in patients with no evidence of disease. Outcomes were evaluated over time and compared to those from an age-matched female reference population. Results: General QoL and emotional and social functioning were impaired at baseline but improved during the first 6 months after treatment, to reach a level comparable to that of the reference population, whereas cognitive functioning remained impaired. Both social and role functioning showed the lowest scores at baseline but which increased after treatment to reach a plateau at 6 months and then declined slightly at 3 and 4 years. The overall symptom experience was elevated at baseline and decreased to a level within the range of that of the reference population. Similarly, tumor-related symptoms (eg, pain, appetite loss, and constipation), which were present before treatment, decreased substantially at the first follow-up after treatment. Several treatment-related symptoms developed either immediately after and persisted over time (diarrhea, menopausal symptoms, peripheral neuropathy, and sexual functioning problems) or developed gradually after treatment (lymphedema and dyspnea). Conclusions: This longitudinal prospective QoL analysis showed that patients' general QoL and functioning were impaired before treatment compared to
16. Health-Related Quality of Life in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients After Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy Including Image Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy: An Analysis From the EMBRACE Study
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
2016-04-01
Purpose: This study analyzed functioning and symptom scores for longitudinal quality of life (QoL) from patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who underwent definitive chemoradiation therapy with image guided adaptive brachytherapy in the EMBRACE study. Methods and Materials: In total, 744 patients at a median follow-up of 21 months were included. QoL was prospectively assessed using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life core module 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC cervical cancer module 24 (CX24) questionnaires at baseline, then every 3 months during the first year, every 6 months in the second and third years, and finally yearly thereafter in patients with no evidence of disease. Outcomes were evaluated over time and compared to those from an age-matched female reference population. Results: General QoL and emotional and social functioning were impaired at baseline but improved during the first 6 months after treatment, to reach a level comparable to that of the reference population, whereas cognitive functioning remained impaired. Both social and role functioning showed the lowest scores at baseline but which increased after treatment to reach a plateau at 6 months and then declined slightly at 3 and 4 years. The overall symptom experience was elevated at baseline and decreased to a level within the range of that of the reference population. Similarly, tumor-related symptoms (eg, pain, appetite loss, and constipation), which were present before treatment, decreased substantially at the first follow-up after treatment. Several treatment-related symptoms developed either immediately after and persisted over time (diarrhea, menopausal symptoms, peripheral neuropathy, and sexual functioning problems) or developed gradually after treatment (lymphedema and dyspnea). Conclusions: This longitudinal prospective QoL analysis showed that patients' general QoL and functioning were impaired before treatment compared to
17. Overview and Prevention of Cervical Cancer | Ogu | Nigerian Health ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Cervical cancer though a preventable disease, still has an estimated mortality of 80% from invasive cervical cancer in developing countries. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of cervical cancer and the various modalities available for screening and prevention of cervical cancer. Methodology: ...
18. Immunosuppression and risk of cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Dugué, Pierre-Antoine; Rebolj, Matejka; Garred, Peter
2013-01-01
A markedly increased risk of cervical cancer is known in women immunosuppressed due to AIDS or therapy following organ transplantation. The aim of this review is to determine the association between other conditions affecting the immune system and the risk of cervical cancer. Patients with end......-stage renal disease seem to be at an increased risk of cervical cancer. A higher risk of cervical precancerous lesions was found in patients with some autoimmune diseases; particularly if treated with immunosuppressants. Among behavioral factors weakening the immune system, smoking appeared to strongly...... increase the risk of cervical cancer, while poor diet only moderately increased the risk. It is difficult to determine whether sexually transmitted infections other than human papillomavirus infection are independent risk factors. Identifying those groups of women likely to fail in clearing persistent...
19. Cervical Cancer Screening with HPV Test
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2009-10-15
Dr. Stewart Massad, a professor in the Division of Gynecologic Oncology at Washington University in Saint Louis and a board member of the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Cancer Prevention (ASCCP), talks about cotesting with human papillomavirus (HPV) as part of a cervical cancer screening program. Created: 10/15/2009 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC). Date Released: 6/9/2010.
20. Cervical cytology and the diagnosis of cervical cancer in older women.
Science.gov (United States)
Landy, Rebecca; Castanon, Alejandra; Dudding, Nick; Lim, Anita Wey Wey; Hollingworth, Antony; Hamilton, Willie; Sasieni, Peter D
2015-12-01
Most non-screen-detected cervical cancers are advanced stage. We assess the potential for cytology to expedite diagnosis when used outside of routine call and recall screening for cervical cancer. Two cohorts of women with cytology that did not appear to have been taken as part of routine screening, nested within a census of cervical cytology, in England between April 2007 and March 2010 were studied: 93,322 women aged 40-69 at first cytology, and 14,668 women aged ≥70. The diagnostic performance of high grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or worse cytology was estimated. We also estimated case-fatality from stage distribution in women aged ≥66 with and without cytology in the year prior to diagnosis. There were 259 cancers diagnosed in women aged 40-69 at first cytology, and 78 in women aged ≥70. The sensitivity of cytology ≥ HSIL for cancer was 89% and 83% respectively, and the number of women needed to test to identify one cancer was 404 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 355-462) and 226 (95% CI: 177-292) respectively. Women aged ≥66 with cytology within a year of diagnosis had earlier stage cancers than those without, corresponding to a 17-22% reduction in case fatality. Cervical cytology is an excellent identifier of cancer among women tested outside routine screening call and recall. Its use as a triage tool, for instance in women with vague gynaecological symptoms, could facilitate earlier stage diagnosis and reduce cervical cancer mortality. © The Author(s) 2015.
1. [Dilemmas in the surgical treatment of cervical cancer].
Science.gov (United States)
Durdević, Srdan
2004-01-01
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of the female genital tract. There are 2200 newly registered cases of cervical cancer each year in Serbia, out of which 650 women die. The incidence of invasive, advanced cervical cancer has been on decrease, whereas the incidence of "in situ" stage carcinoma increases by 2% per year with tendency of increase in the younger age groups. The first radical abdominal hysterectomy was performed by Ernst Wertheim from Wienna in 1898, whereas Schauta performed the first vaginal hysterectomy in 1902. It was in 1995 when Daniel Dargent introduced radical vaginal trachelectomy combined with laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in order to preserve fertility in cases of initial-invasive stages of cervical cancer (FIGO I A2, I B1). Before choosing the surgical procedure, it is necessary to make a correct preoperative estimation of the stage of disease according to FIGO classification. Apart from gynecologic and rectovaginal examinations, in some cases it is necessary to perform additional examinations such as: cystoscopy, rectoscopy, CT or MRI examination of the pelvis, IVU, chest X-ray etc. The decision can be made only by an experienced gynecologist-surgeon who is able to solve all complications of treatment by himself. There are different surgical procedures for cervical cancer: abdominal, vaginal and combined. Introduction of laparoscopic lymphadenectomy combined with vaginal radical operations, to decrease surgical trauma and preserve fertility, has been of great significance.
2. Treatment Extends Survival for Women with Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
Patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who received gemcitabine (Gemzar®) both as part of initial treatment and as part of therapy following primary treatment had improved survival compared with patients whose treatment did not include gemcitabine, according to findings presented at the 2009 ASCO meeting in Orlando.
3. Presentations of endometrial activity after curative radiotherapy for cervical cancer
NARCIS (Netherlands)
de Hullu, JA; Pras, E; Hollema, H; van der Zee, AGJ; Bogchelman, DH; Mourits, MJE
2005-01-01
Objectives: The treatment of choice for patients with advanced stage cervical cancer is (chemo)radiotherapy. Gynaecologic side effects consist of loss of ovarian function and destruction of the endometrium, resulting in infertility and premature ovarian failure. In premenopausal patients estrogens
4. Cervical Cancer is Preventable! PSA (:60)
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2014-11-05
This 60 second Public Service Announcement is based on the November 2014 CDC Vital Signs report. Every visit to a doctor or nurse is an opportunity to prevent cervical cancer. Women can get a Pap test and HPV test to help prevent cervical cancer and adolescent boys and girls can get the HPV vaccination series to help prevent cervical and other cancers. Created: 11/5/2014 by National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC). Date Released: 11/5/2014.
5. Vital Signs-Cervical Cancer is Preventable!
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2014-11-05
This podcast is based on the November 2014 CDC Vital Signs report. Every visit to a doctor or nurse is an opportunity to prevent cervical cancer. Women can get a Pap test and HPV test to help prevent cervical cancer and adolescent boys and girls can get the HPV vaccination series to help prevent cervical and other cancers. Created: 11/5/2014 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP). Date Released: 11/5/2014.
6. Cervical Cancer Awareness and Screening in Botswana
Science.gov (United States)
Mingo, Alicea M.; Panozzo, Catherine A.; DiAngi, Yumi Taylor; Smith, Jennifer S.; Steenhoff, Andrew P.; Ramogola-Masire, Doreen; Brewer, Noel T.
2012-01-01
Objective Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of death in many developing countries due to limited screening by Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. We sought to better understand women’s beliefs about cervical cancer and screening in Botswana, a middle income African country with high rates of cervical cancer. Methods We interviewed 289 women attending general medicine or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics, where Pap testing was available, in Gaborone, Botswana in January 2009. Results About three-quarters (72%) of respondents reported having ever had a Pap smear. HIV-positive women were more likely to have had a Pap smear than HIV-negative women (80% vs. 64%, OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.55). Screening was also more common among women who were older, had higher incomes, or had heard of cervical cancer. Almost all participants reported a desire to have a Pap smear. Reasons included to determine cervical health (56%), to improve overall health (33%), and to obtain early treatment (34%). About half (54%) of respondents said they did not know what causes cervical cancer, and almost none attributed the disease to HPV infection. Conclusion Study findings can inform interventions that seek to increase cervical cancer awareness and uptake of screening as it becomes more widely available. PMID:22367370
7. The Korean guideline for cervical cancer screening
Science.gov (United States)
Min, Kyung-Jin; Lee, Yoon Jae; Suh, Mina; Yoo, Chong Woo; Lim, Myong Cheol; Choi, Jaekyung; Ki, Moran; Kim, Yong-Man; Kim, Jae-Weon; Kim, Jea-Hoon; Park, Eal Whan; Lee, Hoo-Yeon; Lim, Sung-Chul; Cho, Chi-Heum; Hong, Sung Ran; Dang, Ji Yeon; Kim, Soo Young; Kim, Yeol; Lee, Won-Chul
2015-01-01
The incidence rate of cervical cancer in Korea is still higher than in other developed countries, notwithstanding the national mass-screening program. Furthermore, a new method has been introduced in cervical cancer screening. Therefore, the committee for cervical cancer screening in Korea updated the recommendation statement established in 2002. The new version of the guideline was developed by the committee using evidence-based methods. The committee reviewed the evidence for the benefits and harms of the Papanicolaou test, liquid-based cytology, and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and reached conclusions after deliberation. The committee recommends screening for cervical cancer with cytology (Papanicolaou test or liquid-based cytology) every three years in women older than 20 years of age (recommendation A). The cervical cytology combined with HPV test is optionally recommended after taking into consideration individual risk or preference (recommendation C). The current evidence for primary HPV screening is insufficient to assess the benefits and harms of cervical cancer screening (recommendation I). Cervical cancer screening can be terminated at the age of 74 years if more than three consecutive negative cytology reports have been confirmed within 10 years (recommendation D). PMID:26197860
8. Bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer: patient-reported outcomes of a randomised, phase 3 trial (NRG Oncology-Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol 240).
Science.gov (United States)
Penson, Richard T; Huang, Helen Q; Wenzel, Lari B; Monk, Bradley J; Stockman, Sharon; Long, Harry J; Ramondetta, Lois M; Landrum, Lisa M; Oaknin, Ana; Reid, Thomas J A; Leitao, Mario M; Method, Michael; Michael, Helen; Tewari, Krishnansu S
2015-03-01
GOG 240 was a practice-changing randomised phase 3 trial that concluded that chemotherapy plus bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer significantly improves overall and progression-free survival, and the proportion of patients achieving an overall objective response, compared with chemotherapy alone. In this study, we aimed to analyse patient-reported outcomes in GOG 240. Eligible adult participants (aged ≥18 years) had primary stage IVB or recurrent or persistent carcinoma of the cervix with measurable disease and GOG performance status of 0-1. Participants were randomly assigned by web-based permuted block randomisation (block size 4) in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to the four treatment groups: cisplatin (50 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 1 or 2 of the treatment cycle) and paclitaxel (135 mg/m(2) intravenously over 24 h or 175 mg/m(2) intravenously over 3 h on day 1), with or without bevacizumab (15 mg/kg intravenously on day 1 or 2), or paclitaxel (175 mg/m(2) over 3 h on day 1) and topotecan (0·75 mg/m(2) for 30 min on days 1-3) with or without bevacizumab (15 mg/kg intravenously on day 1). Treatment assignment was concealed at randomisation (everyone was masked to treatment assignment, achieved by the use of a computer encrypted numbering system at the National Cancer Institute) and became open-label when each patient was registered to the trial. Treatment cycles were repeated every 21 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, whichever occurred first. The coprimary endpoints of the trial were overall survival and safety; the primary quality-of-life endpoint was the score on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cervix Trial Outcome Index (FACT-Cx TOI). For our analysis of patient-reported outcomes, participants were assessed before treatment cycles 1, 2, and 5, and at 6 and 9 months after the start of cycle 1, with the FACT-Cx TOI, items from the FACT-GOG-Neurotoxicity subscale, and a worst pain item from the Brief Pain Inventory. All patients who
9. Cervical cancer and pregnancy: treatment management
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lazar, I.; Toth, R.
2011-01-01
Pregnancy and cervical carcinoma occurring concomitantly causes therapeutic and ethical dilemmas. The management for this situation will depend on the gestational age at the time of diagnosis, disease staging, size of the lesion and the patient’s wish to maintain pregnancy and fertility. Review of the literature suggest that pregnancy does not seem to influence the prognosis of cervical cancer. (author)
10. cd4 t-lymphocyte subsets in women with invasive cervical cancer
African Journals Online (AJOL)
2013-10-01
Oct 1, 2013 ... Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is common in populations with high HIV prevalence in sub-Sahara. Africa (1,2). Depressed systemic as well as local immune responses have been observed in patients with advanced cervical cancer (3,4). Patients with iatrogenic CD4 cell depression following organ.
11. Cervical Cancer as a silent killer: A rare case report with review of literature
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Deeksha Pandey
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Advanced-stage cervical cancer almost always presents either with abnormal vaginal bleeding or with foul-smelling vaginal discharge. We present here a rare case, where a postmenopausal lady presented almost silently with stage IVA cervical cancer. Fortunately, timely referral, correct diagnosis, and multispecialty team work could save her life.
12. Colposcopy and High Resolution Anoscopy in Screening For Anal Dysplasia in Patients With Cervical, Vaginal, or Vulvar Dysplasia or Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2012-06-08
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 1; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3; Recurrent Cervical Cancer; Recurrent Vaginal Cancer; Recurrent Vulvar Cancer; Stage 0 Cervical Cancer; Stage 0 Vaginal Cancer; Stage 0 Vulvar Cancer; Stage I Vaginal Cancer; Stage I Vulvar Cancer; Stage IA Cervical Cancer; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage II Vaginal Cancer; Stage II Vulvar Cancer; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage III Vaginal Cancer; Stage III Vulvar Cancer; Stage IV Vulvar Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Vaginal Cancer; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer; Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer
13. Stomach Cancer Following Hodgkin Lymphoma, Testicular Cancer and Cervical Cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gilbert, Ethel S; Curtis, Rochelle E; Hauptmann, Michael
2017-01-01
To further understand the risk of stomach cancer after fractionated high-dose radiotherapy, we pooled individual-level data from three recent stomach cancer case-control studies. These studies were nested in cohorts of five-year survivors of first primary Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), testicular cancer...... (TC) or cervical cancer (CX) from seven countries. Detailed data were abstracted from patient records and radiation doses were reconstructed to the site of the stomach cancer for cases and to the corresponding sites for matched controls. Among 327 cases and 678 controls, mean doses to the stomach were...... 15.3 Gy, 24.7 Gy and 1.9 Gy, respectively, for Hodgkin lymphoma, testicular cancer and cervical cancer survivors, with an overall mean dose of 10.3 Gy. Risk increased with increasing radiation dose to the stomach cancer site (P
14. Targeted treatments for cervical cancer: a review
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Peralta-Zaragoza O
2012-11-01
Full Text Available Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza,1 Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales,1 Carlos Pérez-Plasencia,2,3 Jonathan Salazar-León,1 Claudia Gómez-Cerón,1 Vicente Madrid-Marina11Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center in Infection Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México; 2Oncogenomics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Tlalpan, México; 3Biomedicine Unit, FES-Iztacala UNAM, México City, MéxicoAbstract: Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide and the development of new diagnosis, prognostic, and treatment strategies merits special attention. Although surgery and chemoradiotherapy can cure 80%–95% of women with early stage cancer, the recurrent and metastatic disease remains a major cause of cancer death. Many efforts have been made to design new drugs and develop gene therapies to treat cervical cancer. In recent decades, research on treatment strategies has proposed several options, including the role of HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes, which are retained and expressed in most cervical cancers and whose respective oncoproteins are critical to the induction and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Other efforts have been focused on antitumor immunotherapy strategies. It is known that during the development of cervical cancer, a cascade of abnormal events is induced, including disruption of cellular cycle control, perturbation of antitumor immune response, alteration of gene expression, and deregulation of microRNA expression. Thus, in this review article we discuss potential targets for the treatment of cervical cancer associated with HPV infection, with special attention to immunotherapy approaches, clinical trials, siRNA molecules, and their implications as gene therapy strategies against cervical cancer development.Keywords: Cervical cancer, clinical trials, gene therapy, HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes, siRNAs
15. Cervical cancer screening in the Faroe Islands
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hammer, Turið; Lynge, Elsebeth; Djurhuus, Gisela W
2015-01-01
BACKGROUND: The Faroe Islands have had nationally organised cervical cancer screening since 1995. Women aged 25-60 years are invited every third year. Participation is free of charge. Although several European overviews on cervical screening are available, none have included the Faroe Islands. Ou...... the difficult geographical setting, the organised cervical cancer screening programme in the Faroe Islands has achieved a relatively high coverage rate. Nevertheless, challenges, e.g. consistent histology registration and sending reminders, still exist.......BACKGROUND: The Faroe Islands have had nationally organised cervical cancer screening since 1995. Women aged 25-60 years are invited every third year. Participation is free of charge. Although several European overviews on cervical screening are available, none have included the Faroe Islands. Our...... aim was to provide the first description of cervical cancer screening, and to determine the screening history of women diagnosed with cervical cancer in the Faroe Islands. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Screening data from 1996 to 2012 were obtained from the Diagnostic Centre at the National Hospital...
16. Epidemiology of cervical cancer in Colombia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nubia Muñoz
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Objective. To describe the incidence, mortality, time trends and prognostic factors for cervical cancer in Cali, Colombia, and to review the molecular epidemiological evidence showing that HPV is the major and necessary cause of cervical cancer and the implications of this discovery for primary and secondary prevention. Materials and methods. Incidence rates of cervical cancer during a 45-year period (1962-2007 were estimated based on the population-based cancer registry of Cali and the mortality statistics from the Municipal Health Secretariat of Cali. Prognostic factors were estimated based on relative survival. Review of the molecular epidemiological evidence linking HPV to cervical cancer was focused on the studies carried out in Cali and in other countries. Results. Incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC declined from 120.4 per 100 000 in 1962-1966 to 25.7 in 2003-2007 while those of adenocarcinoma increased from 4.2 to 5.8. Mortality rates for cervical cancer declined from 18.5 in 1984-1988 to 7.0 per 100 000 in 2009-2011. Survival was lower in women over 65 years of age and in clinical stages 3-4. Review of the molecular epidemiological evidence showed that certain types of HPV are the central and necessary cause of cervical cancer. Conclusions. A decline in the incidence and mortality of SCC and an increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma during a 45-year period was documented in Cali, Colombia
17. Eradication of cervical cancer in Latin America
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
F Xavier Bosch
2016-03-01
Full Text Available Cervical cancer remains within the three most common cancer in women worldwide and is still the commonest female cancer in 41 of 184 countries. Within Latin America, cervical ranks as the most common cancer among women in Bolivia and Peru and the second most frequent in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, The Guyanas, Surinam and Venezuela. Due to its relatively early age at onset, it ranks among the three most frequent cancers in women aged below 45 years in 82% of all countries in the world irrespective of their screening practices. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/spm.v58i2.7777
18. NIH Research Leads to Cervical Cancer Vaccine
Science.gov (United States)
... Transmitted Diseases NIH Research Leads to Cervical Cancer Vaccine Past Issues / Fall 2008 Table of Contents For ... Douglas Lowy (left) and John Schiller developed the vaccine to prevent HPV infection in women, the cause ...
19. Therapeutic Vaccination for HPV Induced Cervical Cancers
OpenAIRE
Brinkman, Joeli A.; Hughes, Sarah H.; Stone, Pamela; Caffrey, Angela S.; Muderspach, Laila I.; Roman, Lynda D.; Weber, Jeffrey S.; Kast, W. Martin
2007-01-01
Cervical Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer–related deaths in women worldwide and is associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, creating a unique opportunity to treat cervical cancer through anti-viral vaccination. Although a prophylactic vaccine may be available within a year, millions of women, already infected, will continue to suffer from HPV-related disease, emphasizing the need to develop therapeutic vaccination strategies. A majority of clinical trials examining th...
20. Costs Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2009-10-15
Dr. Tom Cox, a practicing gynecologist and president of the American Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, provides a brief introduction to cervical cancer screening guidelines and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing. Created: 10/15/2009 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC). Date Released: 6/9/2010.
1. High Dose Rate Brachytherapy in Two 9 Gy Fractions in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer - a South Indian Institutional Experience.
Science.gov (United States)
Ghosh, Saptarshi; Rao, Pamidimukkala Bramhananda; Kotne, Sivasankar
2015-01-01
Although 3D image based brachytherapy is currently the standard of treatment in cervical cancer, most of the centres in developing countries still practice orthogonal intracavitary brachytherapy due to financial constraints. The quest for optimum dose and fractionation schedule in high dose rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) is still ongoing. While the American Brachytherapy Society recommends four to eight fractions of each less than 7.5 Gy, there are some studies demonstrating similar efficacy and comparable toxicity with higher doses per fraction. To assess the treatment efficacy and late complications of HDR ICBT with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions. This is a prospective institutional study in Southern India carried on from 1st June 2012 to 31st July 2014. In this period, 76 patients of cervical cancer satisfying our inclusion criteria were treated with concurrent chemo-radiation following ICBT with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions, five to seven days apart. The median follow-up period in the study was 24 months (range 10.6 - 31.2 months). The 2 year actuarial local control rate, disease-free survival and overall survival were 88.1%, 84.2% and 81.8% respectively. Although 38.2% patients suffered from late toxicity, only 3 patients had grade III late toxicity. In our experience, HDR brachytherapy with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions is an effective dose fractionation for the treatment of cervical cancer with acceptable toxicity.
2. Breaking the DNA damage response to improve cervical cancer treatment.
Science.gov (United States)
Wieringa, Hylke W; van der Zee, Ate G J; de Vries, Elisabeth G E; van Vugt, Marcel A T M
2016-01-01
3. Ipilimumab in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Human Papilloma Virus-Related Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2018-03-23
Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified; Human Papillomavirus Infection; Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7
4. Knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening among ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Cervical cancer is a largely preventable disease. In western countries, the incidence of and mortality associated with cervical cancer has reduced substantially following the introduction of effective cervical screening programmes. This is in contrast to what is obtained in Africa including Nigeria where cervical ...
5. Management of recurrent cervical cancer: a review of the literature.
Science.gov (United States)
Peiretti, M; Zapardiel, I; Zanagnolo, V; Landoni, F; Morrow, C P; Maggioni, A
2012-06-01
6. Screening for cervical cancer in imprisoned women in Brazil
Science.gov (United States)
de Souza, Albert Schiaveto; de Souza, Taiana Gabriela Barbosa; Tsuha, Daniel Henrique; Barbieri, Ana Rita
2017-01-01
Context and objective Incarcerated women are more vulnerable to developing cervical cancer than women in general; therefore, screening and intervention programs must be included in their healthcare provision. We therefore aimed to investigate the state of cervical cancer screening for imprisoned women in Mato Grosso do Sul, and to analyze the interventions geared toward the control of cervical cancer. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study with analysis of primary and secondary data. Interviews were held with 510 women in seven prisons in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The data for 352 medical records were analyzed statistically with the significance level set at 5%. Associations were assessed by the chi-squared test, adjusted by the Bonferroni correction. Results Most female prisoners had limited education, used tobacco, and had key risk factors for the development of cervical cancer. Half of the women interviewed (n = 255) stated that they had received a Papanicolaou (Pap) test in prison, but 134 (52.5%) of these did not know the result. Of those who had not received a Pap test, 149 (58.4%) stated that this was because of a lack of opportunity. There was no information regarding the provision of Pap tests or subsequent treatment in the medical records of 211 (59.9%) women. No protocols were in place for the provision of Pap tests in prison. There were statistical differences between prisons in terms of test frequency, the information provided to women, and how information was recorded in medical records. Conclusion The screening of cervical cancer in prisons is neither systematic nor regular, and the results are not communicated to women in a significant number of cases. It is necessary to organize health services within the prison environment, ensuring that tests are done and that there is investigation for human papillomavirus. This could increase the diagnosis of cervical cancer at less advanced stages of the disease. PMID:29252994
7. Voxelwise comparison of perfusion parameters estimated using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) computed tomography and DCE-magnetic resonance imaging in locally advanced cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kallehauge; Jesper; Nielsen, Thomas; Haack, Soeren
2013-01-01
Purpose: Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging has gained interest as an imaging modality for assessment of tumor characteristics and response to cancer treatment. However, for DCE-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tissue contrast enhancement may vary depending on imaging sequence and temporal resolution. The aim of this study is to compare DCE-MRI to DCE-computed tomography (DCE-CT) as the gold standard. Material and methods: Thirteen patients with advanced cervical cancer were scanned once prior to chemo-radiation and during chemo-radiation with DCE-CT and -MRI in immediate succession. A total of 22 paired DCE-CT and -MRI scans were acquired for comparison. Kinetic modeling using the extended Tofts model was applied to both image series. Furthermore the similarity of the spatial distribution was evaluated using a G analysis. The correlation between the two imaging techniques was evaluated using Pe arson's correlation and the parameter means were compared using a Student's t-test (p trans (r = 0.9), flux rate constant k ep (r = 0.77), extracellular volume fraction v e (r = 0.58) and blood plasma volume fraction v p (r = 0.83). All quantitative parameters were found to be significantly different as estimated by DCE-CT and -MRI. The G analysis in normalized maps revealed that 45 % of the voxels failed to find a voxel with the corresponding value allowing for an uncertainty of 3 mm in position and 3 % in value (G 3,3 ). By reducing the criteria, the G-failure rates were: G 3,5 (37 % failure), G 3,10 (26% failure) and at G 3,15 (19 % failure). Conclusion: Good to excellent correlations but significant bias was found between DCE-CT and -MRI. Both the Pearson's correlation and the G analysis proved that the spatial information was similar when analyzing the two sets of DCE data using the extended Tofts model. Improvement of input function sampling is needed to improve kinetic quantification using DCE-MRI
8. Socioeconomic status as an independent risk factor for severe late bowel toxicity after primary radiotherapy for cervical cancer
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Laan, J. J.; van Lonkhuijzen, L. R. C. W.; van Os, R. M.; Tytgat, K. M.; Dávila Fajardo, R.; Pieters, B. R.; Stalpers, L. J. A.; Westerveld, G. H.
2017-01-01
Objective. To evaluate the frequency of and risk factors for severe late bowel toxicity after curative radiotherapy in women treated for locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods. Included were 515 women treated for locally advanced cervical cancer with primary radiotherapy with curative intent from
9. NHERF1 Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity in Human Cervical Cancer Cells
Science.gov (United States)
Tao, Tao; Yang, Xiaomei; Qin, Qiong; Shi, Wen; Wang, Qiqi; Yang, Ying; He, Junqi
2017-01-01
Cervical cancer is one of the most common female malignancies, and cisplatin-based chemotherapy is routinely utilized in locally advanced cervical cancer patients. However, resistance has been the major limitation. In this study, we found that Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor 1 (NHERF1) was downregulated in cisplatin-resistant cells. Analysis based on a cervical cancer dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed association of NHERF1 expression with disease-free survival of patients received cisplatin treatment. NHERF1 overexpression inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant HeLa cells, whereas NHERF1 knockdown had inverse effects. While parental HeLa cells were more resistant to cisplatin after NHERF1 knockdown, NHERF1 overexpression in CaSki cells promoted cisplatin sensitivity. Overexpression and knockdown studies also showed that NHERF1 significantly inhibited AKT and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways in cisplatin-resistant cells. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence that NHERF1 can sensitize cisplatin-refractory cervical cancer cells. This study may help to increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in tumors. PMID:28085111
10. NHERF1 Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity in Human Cervical Cancer Cells.
Science.gov (United States)
Tao, Tao; Yang, Xiaomei; Qin, Qiong; Shi, Wen; Wang, Qiqi; Yang, Ying; He, Junqi
2017-01-12
Cervical cancer is one of the most common female malignancies, and cisplatin-based chemotherapy is routinely utilized in locally advanced cervical cancer patients. However, resistance has been the major limitation. In this study, we found that Na⁺/H⁺ Exchanger Regulatory Factor 1 (NHERF1) was downregulated in cisplatin-resistant cells. Analysis based on a cervical cancer dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed association of NHERF1 expression with disease-free survival of patients received cisplatin treatment. NHERF1 overexpression inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant HeLa cells, whereas NHERF1 knockdown had inverse effects. While parental HeLa cells were more resistant to cisplatin after NHERF1 knockdown, NHERF1 overexpression in CaSki cells promoted cisplatin sensitivity. Overexpression and knockdown studies also showed that NHERF1 significantly inhibited AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways in cisplatin-resistant cells. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence that NHERF1 can sensitize cisplatin-refractory cervical cancer cells. This study may help to increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in tumors.
11. TRAILs towards improved cervical cancer treatment
NARCIS (Netherlands)
2009-01-01
Cervical cancer is a life threatening disease occurring world-wide, but affecting especially women in developing countries. Standard treatment for cevical cancer varies per FIGO stage and patient related factors. In general patients with non bulky (<4 cm) FIGO stage IB and IIA are treated with a
12. Cervical cancer management in Zaria, Nigeria SUMMARY ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
kemrilib
24 patients who needed blood transfusion were adequately transfused and only 21.74% of all patients had complete treatment). ... cancer management in this centre with a view to finding ways to improve its management. Methods. All case notes for patients managed for cervical cancer in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching ...
13. Urothelial cancers following radiation therapy for cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nakata, Seiji; Hasumi, Masaru; Sato, Jin; Mayuzumi, Takuji; Kumasaka, Fuminari; Shimizu, Toshihiro.
1996-01-01
Some reports have indicated that bladder cancer is induced by radiation therapy for cervical cancer. We encountered 6 cases of urothelial cancer (5 cases of bladder cancer and 1 case of ureter cancer) following radiation therapy for cervical cancer. Age at the time of diagnosis of cervical cancer ranged from 38 to 66 years, and the average was 51.2±11.0 (S.D.) years old. Age at the time of diagnosis of urothelial cancer ranged from 53 to 83 years, and the average was 67.5±10.3 years old. The interval between the diagnosis of cervical cancer and urothelial cancer ranged from 3 to 25 years, averaging 16.3 years. It is impossible to evaluate the risk of development of urothelial cancer after radiation therapy based on our data. However, it is important to make an effort to diagnose urothelial cancer at an early stage by educating patients (e.g., advising regular urine tests) after the follow-up period to cervical cancer. (author)
14. Effect of endostar combined with paclitaxel liposome and radiotherapy simultaneously on serum CYFRA21-1, CEA, SCCA, CA125, IL-8 and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with advanced cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wen-Jing Yang
2016-08-01
Full Text Available Objective: To study the effect of endostar combined with paclitaxel liposome and radiotherapy simultaneously on serum CYFRA21-1, CEA, SCCA, CA125, IL-8 and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Methods: A total of 72 patients with advanced cervical cancer in our hospital from January 2014 to February 2016 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into control group (n=36 and experiment group (n=36 randomly. The control group were treated with radiotherapy, the experiment group were treated with endostar combined with paclitaxel liposome and radiotherapy simultaneously. 3 weeks for a period of treatment and the two groups were treated for 4 periods. The serum CYFRA21-1, CEA, SCCA, CA125, IL-8 levels and peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results: There were no significantly differences of the serum CYFRA21-1, CEA, SCCA, CA125, IL-8 levels and peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells of the two groups before treatment. The serum CYFRA21-1, CEA, SCCA, CA125 and IL-8 levels of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of experiment were significantly lower than control group. The peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ cells of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, CD8+ cells of the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment, and that of experiment group were significantly better than control group. Conclusion: Endostar combined with paclitaxel liposome and radiotherapy simultaneously can significantly reduce the serum CYFRA21-1, CEA, SCCA, CA125 and IL-8 levels, improve peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ levels of patients with advanced cervical cancer, and it was worthy clinical application.
15. Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2014
OpenAIRE
Suh, Dong Hoon; Lee, Kyung-Hun; Kim, Kidong; Kang, Sokbom; Kim, Jae-Weon
2015-01-01
In 2014, 9 topics were selected as major advances in clinical research for gynecologic oncology: 2 each in cervical and corpus cancer, 4 in ovarian cancer, and 1 in breast cancer. For cervical cancer, several therapeutic agents showed viable antitumor clinical response in recurrent and metastatic disease: bevacizumab, cediranib, and immunotherapies including human papillomavirus (HPV)-tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and Z-100. The HPV test received FDA approval as the primary screening tool of...
16. Virus and Cervical Cancer: Role and implication: A Review
OpenAIRE
Kalyani Raju
2015-01-01
Cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers in women worldwide especially in developing countries. Various etiological factors are described, of which Human papiloma virus (HPV) is proved by various molecular epidemiological studies to play a major role. However many co-factors are required and thought to facilitate the action of HPV in cervical carcinogenesis. Here the role of various viruses in cervical cancer and its implication in screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer is highlighte...
17. HPV genotypes in invasive cervical cancer in Danish women
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kirschner, Benny; Junge, Jette; Holl, Katsiaryna
2013-01-01
Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in invasive cervical cancers may differ by geographic region. The primary objective of this study was to estimate HPV-genotype distribution in Danish women with a diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer.......Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in invasive cervical cancers may differ by geographic region. The primary objective of this study was to estimate HPV-genotype distribution in Danish women with a diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer....
18. Phase one dose finding study of capecitabine (Xeloda), radiotherapy and cisplatin in the treatment of locally advanced squamous cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Stokes, Zuzana; Symonds, Paul; Habeshaw, Tim; Reed, Nick; Curto, Jorge; Joynson, Claire; Chan, Steve
2005-06-01
19. the need to implement population based cervical cancer screening ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
In developed countries, the incidence and prevalence of cervical cancer has been declining due to accessible organized cervical cancer screening using conventional cytology (Pap smear) and treatment of precancers. Available published data shows that cervical cancer mortality has decreased by 70 % over the past five.
20. Cervical cancer screening among certified nurses in Enugu ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cervical cancer is to a large extent preventable by effective screening. The effectiveness of such screening depends on the knowledge and attitude of the women. Objectives: To ascertain the knowledge of the certified nurses in a teaching hospital in Nigeria to cervical cancer, their attitude to cervical cancer screening and ...
1. Cervical cancer control and prevention in Malawi: need for policy ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Introduction: Malawi has the highest incidents of cervical cancer followed by Mozambique and Comoros thus according to the 2014 Africa cervical cancer multi indicator incidence and mortality score card. Despite having an established cervical cancer prevention program, there is low screening coverage. Studies have been ...
2. Breast and Cervical Cancers Awareness and Screening Practices ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Only 4/11(36.4%) of those who knew something about cervical cancer mentioned vaginal examination for cervical cancer screening and only one (0.1%) respondent mentioned Pap smear. The poor level of awareness and screening practices for breast and cervical cancers among women in these rural communities ...
3. THE EFFECT OF EARLY CERVICAL CANCER DIAGNOSIS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Herman Haller
2018-02-01
Full Text Available Background: Treatment effectiveness and clinical outcome of patients with cervical carcinoma FIGO stage IA1 and IA2 are analyzed in three different time period at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rijeka, Croatia. Method: Retrospective analysis of the hospital chart of all cervical cancer patients between 1991 and 2005 was conducted with five-year follow up. Results: Data on cervical cancer distribution by stage and five-year survival are presented. Separately analyzed age, histology type and treatment modalities in stage FIGO IA1 and IA2 during three consecutive five-year periods are presented. Conclusions: Conservative surgical approach – conization alone in stage IA1 of the squamous cell car- cinoma is reasonable and safe treatment option for reproductive active women. During observed periods conization became the most used surgical technique applied in almost two third of FIGO IA1 cervical cancer patients. Lymph vascular space invasion in stage IA1 lead to adjunct pelvic lymphadenectomy with unclear clinical benefit. In cervical cancer patients stage IA2 simple hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy could be accepted as a standard treatment. In these patients further studies are recommended to evaluate other less radical surgical techniques – simple and radical trachelectomy with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy. Radical hysterectomy in both stages IA1 and IA2, based on personal experience and literature data represents a surgical overtreatment and should be abandoned.
4. Identifying Molecular Culprits of Cervical Cancer Progression | Center for Cancer Research
Science.gov (United States)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is found in 99.7% of invasive cervical carcinomas, providing strong evidence that the virus is a causative agent in the development of this disease. However, most women who become infected with HPV do not develop invasive cervical lesions, indicating that additional exogenous or genetic factors may determine whether HPV preclinical lesions will progress to cancer. Identification of these factors would be facilitated by a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular changes that accompany progression to malignancy. In addition, knowledge of which women are at greatest risk for disease progression would be a significant clinical advancement in the management of patients with premalignant cervical lesions.
5. Overview of Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression and its Applications to Cervical Cancer Investigation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Angel Chao
2007-12-01
Full Text Available Cervical cancer is one of the leading female cancers in Taiwan and ranks as the fifth cause of cancer death in the female population. Human papillomavirus has been established as the causative agent for cervical neoplasia and cervical cancer. However, the tumor biology involved in the prognoses of different cell types in early cancers and tumor responses to radiation in advanced cancers remain largely unknown. The introduction of microarray technologies in the 1990s has provided genome-wide strategies for searching tens of thousands of genes simultaneously. In this review, we first summarize the two types of microarrays: oligonucleotides microarray and cDNA microarray. Then, we review the studies of functional genomics in cervical cancer. Gene expression studies that involved cervical cancer cell lines, cervical cells of cancer versus normal ectocervix, cancer tissues of different histology, radioresistant versus radiosensitive patients, and the combinatorial gene expression associated with chromosomal amplifications are discussed. In particular, CEACAM5, TACSTD1, S100P, and MSLN have shown to be upregulated in adenocarcinoma, and increased expression levels of CEACAM5 and TACSTD1 were significantly correlated with poorer patient outcomes. On the other hand, 35 genes, including apoptotic genes (e.g. BIK, TEGT, SSI-3, hypoxia-inducible genes (e.g. HIF1A, CA12, and tumor cell invasion and metastasis genes (e.g. CTSL, CTSB, PLAU, CD44, have been noted to echo the hypothesis that increased tumor hypoxia leads to radiation resistance in cervical cancer during radiation.
6. Natural History of HPV and Cervical Cancer
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2009-10-12
Dr. Phil Castle, an intramural research scientist at the National Institutes of Health, talks about the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, and cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. Created: 10/12/2009 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC). Date Released: 6/9/2010.
7. Why southeastern Nigerian women who are aware of cervical cancer screening do not go for cervical cancer screening.
Science.gov (United States)
Chigbu, Chibuike Ogwuegbu; Aniebue, Uzochukwu
2011-10-01
This study aimed to evaluate reasons behind nonuptake of cervical cancer screening by women who are aware of cervical cancer screening in southeast Nigeria. Women attending gynecologic clinics of 3 health institutions in Enugu, Nigeria, were interviewed by means of a questionnaire to determine those who were aware of cervical cancer screening. The biodemographic characteristics and level of knowledge of cervical cancer screening of women who underwent a previous screen were compared with those of women who did not undergo a previous screen. Reasons for nonuptake of cervical cancer screening as well as potential reasons for undertaking cervical cancer screening were also extracted. A total of 3712 women were interviewed. Of these respondents, 2048 (55.2%) were aware of cervical cancer screening.Only 19.0% of those who were aware of cervical cancer screening underwent a previous screen. Level of knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, university education, and age had a significant impact on the uptake of cervical cancer screening. Poor health-seeking behavior and fear of violation of privacy are the major reasons for nonuptake of cervical cancer screening. Potential reasons for uptake of cervical cancer screening include development of symptoms, adequate educative information, and physician's recommendation. Women in southern Nigeria do not go for cervical cancer screening because of poor understanding of cervical cancer prevention, feeling of violation of the privacy of their genitals, and poor health-seeking behavior. There is a need to modify current policy approaches to cervical cancer prevention in Nigeria. Policies that will address the privacy violation fears and poor health-seeking behavior of the Nigerian woman as well improve the level of educative information on cervical cancer prevention need to be evolved.
8. Get Tested for Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
... Basics: Cervical Screening Tests What happens during a Pap test? A Pap test takes about 2 to 5 minutes. It may ... uterus, ovaries, and other organs. Learn more about Pap tests. What happens if I’m also having an ...
9. Effects of irradiation for cervical cancer on subsequent breast cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Harlan, L.C.M.
1985-01-01
Previous research suggests that cervical cancer patients have a lower risk of breast cancer than women in the general population. Possible explanations include opposing risk factors for cervical cancer and breast cancer, the effect of irradiation used to treat cervical cancer, or both. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between irradiation for cervical cancer and the subsequent development of breast cancer. There was no statistically significant relationship between radiation to the ovarian area and the risk of breast cancer in this study. However, the results were consistent with a 19% reduction in risk for women irradiated for cervical cancer when compared to nonirradiated women. In a dose-response analysis, there was a nonsignificant trend of decreased risk of breast cancer with increased radiation up to 1800 rad. There was no consistent pattern for higher doses. The trend, although nonsignificant, differed by age. Women <60 years of age at irradiation were generally at a lower risk of breast cancer than nonirradiated women. Women over 59 years were at an increased risk. There are some potentially important findings from this study which might influence medical care. These should be examined in the larger International Radiation Study
10. Chemoradiation With Concomitant Boosts Followed by Radical Surgery in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Long-term Results of the ROMA-2 Prospective Phase 2 Study
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ferrandina, Gabriella, E-mail: [email protected] [Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (Italy); Gambacorta, Antonietta [Division of Radiotherapy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (Italy); Gallotta, Valerio [Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (Italy); Smaniotto, Daniela [Division of Radiotherapy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (Italy); Fagotti, Anna [Gynecologic Surgery, University of Perugia, Terni (Italy); Tagliaferri, Luca [Division of Radiotherapy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (Italy); Foti, Elvira; Fanfani, Francesco [Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (Italy); Autorino, Rosa [Division of Radiotherapy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (Italy); Scambia, Giovanni [Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (Italy); Valentini, Vincenzo [Division of Radiotherapy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (Italy)
2014-11-15
11. Impact of bowel gas and body outline variations on total accumulated dose with intensity-modulated proton therapy in locally advanced cervical cancer patients.
Science.gov (United States)
Berger, Thomas; Petersen, Jørgen Breede Baltzer; Lindegaard, Jacob Christian; Fokdal, Lars Ulrik; Tanderup, Kari
2017-11-01
12. Apolipoprotein C-II Is a Potential Serum Biomarker as a Prognostic Factor of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer After Chemoradiation Therapy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Harima, Yoko; Ikeda, Koshi; Utsunomiya, Keita; Komemushi, Atsushi; Kanno, Shohei; Shiga, Toshiko; Tanigawa, Noboru
2013-01-01
Purpose: To determine pretreatment serum protein levels for generally applicable measurement to predict chemoradiation treatment outcomes in patients with locally advanced squamous cell cervical carcinoma (CC). Methods and Materials: In a screening study, measurements were conducted twice. At first, 6 serum samples from CC patients (3 with no evidence of disease [NED] and 3 with cancer-caused death [CD]) and 2 from healthy controls were tested. Next, 12 serum samples from different CC patients (8 NED, 4 CD) and 4 from healthy controls were examined. Subsequently, 28 different CC patients (18 NED, 10 CD) and 9 controls were analyzed in the validation study. Protein chips were treated with the sample sera, and the serum protein pattern was detected by surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). Then, single MS-based peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and tandem MS (MS/MS)-based peptide/protein identification methods, were used to identify protein corresponding to the detected peak. And then, turbidimetric assay was used to measure the levels of a protein that indicated the best match with this peptide peak. Results: The same peak 8918 m/z was identified in both screening studies. Neither the screening study nor the validation study had significant differences in the appearance of this peak in the controls and NED. However, the intensity of the peak in CD was significantly lower than that of controls and NED in both pilot studies (P=.02, P=.04) and validation study (P=.01, P=.001). The protein indicated the best match with this peptide peak at 8918 m/z was identified as apolipoprotein C-II (ApoC-II) using PMF and MS/MS methods. Turbidimetric assay showed that the mean serum levels of ApoC-II tended to decrease in CD group when compared with NED group (P=.078). Conclusion: ApoC-II could be used as a biomarker for detection in predicting and estimating the radiation treatment outcome of patients with CC
13. Apolipoprotein C-II Is a Potential Serum Biomarker as a Prognostic Factor of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer After Chemoradiation Therapy
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Harima, Yoko, E-mail: [email protected] [Department of Radiology, Takii Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka (Japan); Ikeda, Koshi; Utsunomiya, Keita; Komemushi, Atsushi; Kanno, Shohei; Shiga, Toshiko [Department of Radiology, Takii Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka (Japan); Tanigawa, Noboru [Department of Radiology, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka (Japan)
2013-12-01
Purpose: To determine pretreatment serum protein levels for generally applicable measurement to predict chemoradiation treatment outcomes in patients with locally advanced squamous cell cervical carcinoma (CC). Methods and Materials: In a screening study, measurements were conducted twice. At first, 6 serum samples from CC patients (3 with no evidence of disease [NED] and 3 with cancer-caused death [CD]) and 2 from healthy controls were tested. Next, 12 serum samples from different CC patients (8 NED, 4 CD) and 4 from healthy controls were examined. Subsequently, 28 different CC patients (18 NED, 10 CD) and 9 controls were analyzed in the validation study. Protein chips were treated with the sample sera, and the serum protein pattern was detected by surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). Then, single MS-based peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and tandem MS (MS/MS)-based peptide/protein identification methods, were used to identify protein corresponding to the detected peak. And then, turbidimetric assay was used to measure the levels of a protein that indicated the best match with this peptide peak. Results: The same peak 8918 m/z was identified in both screening studies. Neither the screening study nor the validation study had significant differences in the appearance of this peak in the controls and NED. However, the intensity of the peak in CD was significantly lower than that of controls and NED in both pilot studies (P=.02, P=.04) and validation study (P=.01, P=.001). The protein indicated the best match with this peptide peak at 8918 m/z was identified as apolipoprotein C-II (ApoC-II) using PMF and MS/MS methods. Turbidimetric assay showed that the mean serum levels of ApoC-II tended to decrease in CD group when compared with NED group (P=.078). Conclusion: ApoC-II could be used as a biomarker for detection in predicting and estimating the radiation treatment outcome of patients with CC.
14. Detecting cervical cancer by quantitative promoter hypermethylation assay on cervical scrapings : A feasibility study
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Reesink-Peters, N; Wisman, G.B.A.; Jeronimo, C; Tokumaru, CY; Cohen, Y; Dong, SM; Klip, HG; Buikema, HJ; Suurmeijer, AJH; Hollema, H; Boezen, HM; Sidransky, D; van der Zee, AGJ
Current morphology-based cervical cancer screening is associated with significant false-positive and false-negative results. Tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation is frequently present in cervical cancer. It is unknown whether a cervical scraping reflects the methylation status of the underlying
15. Salvage Surgery for Cervical Cancer Recurrences.
Science.gov (United States)
Rema, P; Mathew, Arun Peter; Suchetha, S; Ahmed, Iqbal
2017-06-01
16. Radiation dose and subsequent risk for stomach cancer in long-term survivors of cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kleinerman, Ruth A; Smith, Susan A; Holowaty, Eric
2013-01-01
To assess the dose-response relationship for stomach cancer after radiation therapy for cervical cancer.......To assess the dose-response relationship for stomach cancer after radiation therapy for cervical cancer....
17. [Chromosomal instability in carcinogenesis of cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
de Los Santos-Munive, Victoria; Alonso-Avelino, Juan Angel
2013-01-01
In order to spot common chromosomal imbalances in early and late lesions of cervical cancer that might be used as progression biomarkers, we made a search of literature in PubMed from 1996 to 2011. The medical subject headings employed were chromosomal alterations, loss of heterozygosis, cervical cancer, cervical tumorigenesis, chromosomal aberrations, cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. The common chromosomal imbalances were gains in 8q24 (77.7 %), 20q13 (66.9 %), 3q26 (47.1 %), Xp22 (43.8 %), and 5p15 (60 %), principally. On the other hand, integration of the high-risk human papillomavirus genome into the host chromosome has been associated with the development of neoplasia, but the chromosomal imbalances seem to precede and promote such integration. Chromosomal imbalances in 8q24, 20q13, 3q21-26 and 5p15-Xp22, determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization assay or comparative genomic hybridization assay for early detection of the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus, are promising markers of cervical cancer progression.
18. Sexual Function in Cervical Cancer Survivors after Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dhiraj Daga
2017-07-01
Full Text Available Background: This study evaluated sexual function in cervical cancer survivors after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Study participants comprised survivors of locally advanced cervical cancer (stages IIB-IVA who completed concurrent chemoradiotherapy along with intracavitary brachytherapy at least two years prior at Dr S.N.Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. We used the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire to assess sexual function. The cut-off score of the Female Sexual Function Index that identified female sexual arousal disorder was 26.55. A score less than 26.55 indicated the presence of female sexual arousal disorder. Results:A total of 48 locally advanced cervical cancer survivors enrolled in the study. Survivors had a mean age of 46.5 years. All received chemoradiotherapy along with intracavitary brachytherapy. The average time for treatment was 53.5 days. Patients had an average score for sexual desire of 2, 2.3 for arousal, 2.3 for sexual satisfaction, and 2.1 for pain during intercourse. The overall average score was 11.84 (range: 3.2-19.5 with a cut-off of 26.55. All survivors suffered from female sexual arousal disorder. Conclusion: Cervical cancer survivors had decreased sexual function which indicated female sexual arousal disorder. Patient education and active treatment of complications related to cancer treatments is a must for improvement of sexual function among survivors. Long-term complications should be considered in terms of treatment planning and follow-up treatment to improve the quality of life of cancer survivors.
19. 6 Common Cancers - Gynecologic Cancers Cervical, Endometrial, and Ovarian
Science.gov (United States)
... American women this year, more than twice the number of women who will be diagnosed with cervical (lower part of the uterus) and ovarian (female reproductive glands) cancers combined. However, in terms of 2007 ...
20. Nanomechanical clues from morphologically normal cervical squamous cells could improve cervical cancer screening
Science.gov (United States)
Geng, Li; Feng, Jiantao; Sun, Quanmei; Liu, Jing; Hua, Wenda; Li, Jing; Ao, Zhuo; You, Ke; Guo, Yanli; Liao, Fulong; Zhang, Youyi; Guo, Hongyan; Han, Jinsong; Xiong, Guangwu; Zhang, Lufang; Han, Dong
2015-09-01
Applying an atomic force microscope, we performed a nanomechanical analysis of morphologically normal cervical squamous cells (MNSCs) which are commonly used in cervical screening. Results showed that nanomechanical parameters of MNSCs correlate well with cervical malignancy, and may have potential in cancer screening to provide early diagnosis.Applying an atomic force microscope, we performed a nanomechanical analysis of morphologically normal cervical squamous cells (MNSCs) which are commonly used in cervical screening. Results showed that nanomechanical parameters of MNSCs correlate well with cervical malignancy, and may have potential in cancer screening to provide early diagnosis. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03662c
1. Cervical cancer and the human immunodeficiency virus: a review ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Globally cervical cancer is one of the commonest cancers in women. It comprises approximately 12% of all cancers and is the commonest cancer in women in developing countries. The most recent compilation of global data indicates that an estimated 490 000 new cases of cervical cancer occur annually worldwide and ...
2. Long-term Follow-up Results of a Multi-institutional Phase 2 Study of Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer in East and Southeast Asia
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kato, Shingo; Ohno, Tatsuya; Thephamongkhol, Kullathorn; Chansilpa, Yaowalak; Cao, Jianping; Xu, Xiaoting; Devi, C. R. Beena; Swee, Tang Tieng; Calaguas, Miriam J.C.; Reyes, Rey H. de los; Cho, Chul-Koo; Dung, To Anh; Supriana, Nana; Erawati, Dyah; Mizuno, Hideyuki; Nakano, Takashi; Tsujii, Hirohiko
2013-01-01
Purpose: To report the long-term survival and toxicity of a multi-institutional phase 2 study of concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) for locally advanced cervical cancer in east and southeast Asia. Methods and Materials: Ten institutions from 8 Asian countries participated in the study. Between April 2003 and March 2006, 120 patients (60 with bulky stage IIB and 60 with stage IIIB) were treated with CCRT. Radiation therapy consisted of pelvic external beam radiation therapy and either high-dose-rate or low-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy. Five cycles of weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m 2 ) were administered during the course of radiation therapy. Treatment results were evaluated by the rates of local control, overall survival, and late toxicities. Results: Median follow-up was 63.7 months, and the follow-up rate at 5 years was 98%. The 5-year local control and overall survival rates for all patients were 76.8% and 55.1%, respectively. The 5-year rates of major late toxicities of the rectum and bladder were 7.9% and 0%, respectively. Conclusions: The long-term results have suggested that CCRT is safe and effective for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer in east and southeast Asia. However, further efforts are needed to improve overall survival
3. Gene expression in early stage cervical cancer
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Biewenga, Petra; Buist, Marrije R.; Moerland, Perry D.; van Thernaat, Emiel Ver Loren; van Kampen, Antoine H. C.; ten Kate, Fiebo J. W.; Baas, Frank
2008-01-01
Objective. Pelvic lymph node metastases are the main prognostic factor for survival in early stage cervical cancer, yet accurate detection methods before surgery are lacking. In this study, we examined whether gene expression profiling can predict the presence of lymph node metastasis in early stage
Science.gov (United States)
NCI funded a clinical trial that will have an impact on the treatment of late-stage cervical cancer, and also supported a screening trial in India using a network of community outreach workers offering low tech-screening by direct visualization of the cer
5. New Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening
Science.gov (United States)
... and causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Human Papillomavirus (HPV): The name for a group of related viruses, some of which cause genital warts and some of which are linked to cervical changes and cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and ...
6. Awareness and risk factors for cervical cancer among Women in ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Context: Cervical cancer is the commonest genital tract malignancy in Nigeria. Previous evidence reported a high awareness but a low practice in cervical screening amongst Nigerian woman. Respondents attributed this to poor physician referral. Objective: To determine the level of cervical cancer awareness amongst out ...
7. Proteomic analysis of cervical cancer cells treated with ...
PRAKASH KUMAR
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of death among women worldwide. It is characterized by a well-defined premalignant phase that can be suspected on cytological examination of exfoliated cervical cells and confirmed on histological examination of cervical material. However, this is ...
8. The therapy of the cervical cancer
OpenAIRE
Bártová, Lenka
2010-01-01
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of farmakology and toxikology Author: Lenka Bártová Director of my diploma work: PharmDr. Ludmila Melicharová Title of diploma work: The therapy of the cervical cancer This diploma work describes the possibilities of prevention and medical treatment of the cancer of the uterine uvula. The theoretical part contains the fundamental information about this disease, prevention and medical procedures. The inseparable part...
9. Cervical Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2009-10-15
Dr. Lisa Flowers, a specialist in human papillovarius (HPV)-related diseases and Director of Colposcopy at Emory University School of Medicine, talks about cervical cancer screening in underinsured or uninsured women. Created: 10/15/2009 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC). Date Released: 6/9/2010.
10. The impact of anti HPV vaccination on cervical cancer incidence and HPV induced cervical lesions: consequences for clinical management.
Science.gov (United States)
Brinkman, J A; Caffrey, A S; Muderspach, L I; Roman, L D; Kast, W M
2005-01-01
Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Screening for cervical cancer is accomplished utilizing a Pap smear and pelvic exam. While this technology is widely available and has reduced cervical cancer incidence in industrialized nations, it is not readily available in third world countries in which cervical cancer incidence and mortality is high. Development of cervical cancer is associated with infection with high risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) creating a unique opportunity to prevent or treat cervical cancer through anti-viral vaccination strategies. Several strategies have been examined in clinical trials for both the prevention of HPV infection and the treatment of pre-existing HPV-related disease. Clinical trials utilizing prophylactic vaccines containing virus-like particles (VLPs) indicate good vaccine efficacy and it is predicted that a prophylactic vaccine may be available within the next five years. But, preclinical research in this area continues in order to deal with issues such as cost of vaccination in underserved third world populations. A majority of clinical trials using therapeutic agents which aim to prevent the progression of pre-existing HPV associated lesions or cancers have shown limited efficacy in eradicating established tumors in humans possibly due to examining patients with more advanced-stage cancer who tend to have decreased immune function. Future trends in clinical trials with therapeutic agents will examine patients with early stage cancers or pre-invasive lesions in order to prevent invasive cervical cancer. Meanwhile, preclinical studies in this field continue and include the further exploration of peptide or protein vaccination, and the delivery of HPV antigens in DNA-based vaccines or in viral vectors. Given that cervical cancers are caused by the human papillomavirus, the prospect of therapeutic vaccination to treat existing lesions and prophylactic vaccination to
11. Robot-assisted laparoscopic transperitoneal infrarenal lymphadenectomy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer by single docking: Do we need a backup procedure?
Science.gov (United States)
Gucer, Fatih; Misirlioglu, Selim; Ceydeli, Nuri; Taskiran, Cagatay
2018-03-01
12. Prophylactic lower para-aortic irradiation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy mitigates the risk of para-aortic recurrence in locally advanced cervical cancer: A 10-year institutional experience.
Science.gov (United States)
Lee, Jie; Lin, Jhen-Bin; Chang, Chih-Long; Jan, Ya-Ting; Sun, Fang-Ju; Wu, Meng-Hao; Chen, Yu-Jen
2017-07-01
To evaluate the effects of prophylactic sub-renal vein radiotherapy (SRVRT) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for cervical cancer. A total of 206 patients with FIGO stage IB2-IVA cervical cancer and negative para-aortic lymph nodes (PALNs) who underwent pelvic IMRT (PRT) or SRVRT between 2004 and 2013 at our institution were reviewed. SRVRT cranially extended the PRT field for PALNs up to the left renal vein level. The prescribed dose was consistent 50.4Gy in 28 fractions. Overall, 110 and 96 patients underwent PRT and SRVRT, respectively. The SRVRT group had more advanced disease based on FIGO stage and positive pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs). The median follow-up time was 60months (range, 7-143). For the total study population, the 5-year PALN recurrence-free survival (PARFS) and overall survival (OS) for PRT vs. SRVRT were 87.6% vs. 97.9% (p=0.03) and 74.5% vs. 87.8% (p=0.04), respectively. In patients with FIGO III-IVA or positive PLNs, the 5-year PARFS and OS for PRT vs. SRVRT were 80.1% vs. 96.4% (p=0.02) and 58.1% vs. 83.5% (p=0.012), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in these outcomes for patients with FIGO IB-IIB and negative PLNs. In a multivariate analysis, only SRVRT was associated with better PARFS (HR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06-0.78; p=0.02). The SRVRT did not significantly increase severe late toxicities. Prophylactic SRVRT using IMRT reduced PALN recurrence with tolerable toxicities, supporting the application of risk-based radiation fields for cervical cancer. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
13. Concurrent weekly cisplatin plus external beam radiotherapy and high-dose rate brachytherapy for advanced cervical cancer: A control cohort comparison with radiation alone on treatment outcome and complications
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Chen, S.-W.; Liang, J.-A.; Hung, Y.-C.; Yeh, L.-S.; Chang, W.-C.; Lin, W.-C.; Yang, S.-N.; Lin, F.-J.
2006-01-01
Purpose: To test, though a control-cohort study, the hypothesis that concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) using weekly cisplatin, plus high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDRICB) is superior to radiation (RT) alone in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Methods and Materials: A total of 171 patients with Stage IIB-III cervical cancer were enrolled in this study. Seventy patients were treated with CCRT and the results were compared with those of 101 patients who had been treated with RT using the same protocol at an early period. RT consisted of 45 Gy in 25 fractions to the whole pelvis, followed by a 12.6-Gy boost to the parametrium. Four courses of HDRICB using 6.0 Gy to Point A were performed. Chemotherapy consisted of weekly cisplatin at a dose of 40 mg/m 2 for 5-6 cycles. Results: The 4-year actuarial survival was 74% for the CCRT group and 68% for the RT group (p = 0.60). The 4-year pelvic relapse-free survival was 87% for the CCRT group and 85% for the RT group (p = 0.37). The 4-year distant metastases-free survival was 75% for the CCRT group and 76% for the RT group (p = 0.44). The cumulative incidence of gastrointestinal and genitourinary injuries of grade 3 or above was 14.3% for the CCRT group and 7.9% for the RT group (p = 0.19). Conclusion: This study did not show a survival benefit of CCRT with weekly cisplatin and HDRICB for Stage II-III cervical cancer, nor did it demonstrate a significant increase of late complications when comparing with RT alone
14. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Fiji 2003-2009.
Science.gov (United States)
Kuehn, Rebecca; Fong, James; Taylor, Richard; Gyaneshwar, Rajanishwar; Carter, Karen
2012-08-01
Previous studies indicate that cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer and most common cause of cancer mortality among women in Fiji. There is little published data on the epidemiology of cervical cancer in Pacific countries. To determine the incidence 2003-2009 of, and mortality 2003-2008 from, cervical cancer by ethnicity and period in Fiji, identify evidence of secular change and relate these data to other Pacific countries, Australia and New Zealand. Counts of incident cervical cancer cases (2003-2009) and unit record mortality data (2003-2008) from the Fiji Ministry of Health were used to calculate age-standardised (to the WHO World Population) cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates, and cervical or uterine cancer mortality rates, by ethnicity, with 95% confidence intervals. On the basis of comparison of cervical cancer mortality with cervical or uterine cancer mortality in Fiji with similar populations, misclassification of cervical cancer deaths is unlikely. There is no evidence of secular change in cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates for the study period. For women of all ages and ethnicities, the age-standardised incidence rate of cervical cancer (2003-2009) was 27.6 per 100,000 (95% CI 25.4-29.8) and the age-standardised mortality rate (2003-2008) was 23.9 per 100,000 (95% CI 21.5-26.4). The mortality/incidence ratio was 87%. Fijians had statistically significant higher age-standardised incidence and mortality rates than Indians. Fiji has one of the highest estimated rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the Pacific region. Cervical cancer screening in Fiji needs to be expanded and strengthened. © 2012 The Authors ANZJOG © 2012 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.
15. Pharmacokinetics of adriamycin vaginal suppository on uterine cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Noda, Tsuneo; Kiyozuka, Yasuhiko; Katakami, Yoshiaki
1986-01-01
16. Study to Understand Cervical Cancer Early Endpoints and Determinants (SUCCEED)
Science.gov (United States)
A study to comprehensively assess biomarkers of risk for progressive cervical neoplasia, and thus develop a new set of biomarkers that can distinguish those at highest risk of cervical cancer from those with benign infection
17. dose in cervical cancer intracavitary brachytherapy
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zahra Siavashpour
2016-04-01
18. Image-Based Brachytherapy for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Harkenrider, Matthew M.; Alite, Fiori; Silva, Scott R.; Small, William
2015-01-01
Cervical cancer is a disease that requires considerable multidisciplinary coordination of care and labor in order to maximize tumor control and survival while minimizing treatment-related toxicity. As with external beam radiation therapy, the use of advanced imaging and 3-dimensional treatment planning has generated a paradigm shift in the delivery of brachytherapy for the treatment of cervical cancer. The use of image-based brachytherapy, most commonly with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), requires additional attention and effort by the treating physician to prescribe dose to the proper volume and account for adjacent organs at risk. This represents a dramatic change from the classic Manchester approach of orthogonal radiographic images and prescribing dose to point A. We reviewed the history and currently evolving data and recommendations for the clinical use of image-based brachytherapy with an emphasis on MRI-based brachytherapy
19. Knowledge, perceptions and practice of cervical cancer prevention ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological cancer and a leading cause of cancer death in women in Nigeria. This study was aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and practice of cervical cancer prevention among female public secondary school teachers in Mushin, Lagos. Methods: This was a ...
20. Cervical Cancer Screening by Female Workers in South East Nigeria
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cervical cancer is the commonest genital tract cancer worldwide and one of the leading causes of death from cancer among women in developing countries . It is therefore a major female reproductive health problem. Roughly 80% of newly diagnosed cases of cervical cancer are in developing countries. Rates are highest ...
1. Cervical cancer: a missed health priority in Tanzania | Saleh | East ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri. It is the second commonest cancer in women worldwide and is among the largest causes of global cancer mortality. Human papilloma virus (HPV) which is transmitted sexually, particularly subtypes 16 and 18 are responsible for causing majority of cervical cancer ...
2. Abnormal pap smear and cervical cancer in pregnancy.
Science.gov (United States)
Yang, Kathleen Y
2012-09-01
Pregnancy represents a unique opportunity to screen reproductive age women for cervical cancer and abnormal cervical cytology is relatively common in this population. In the absence of large, prospective clinical trials investigating the optimal management strategies for cervical dysplasia in pregnant women, consensus guidelines established by the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology is available with considerations to this special patient population. Modalities for evaluation and management algorithms are reviewed and summarized from largely case series of pregnant women with cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer.
3. Optical coherence tomography in diagnosing cervical cancer
Science.gov (United States)
Kuznetzova, Irina A.; Shakhova, Natalia M.; Kachalina, Tatiana S.; Gladkova, Natalia D.; Myakov, Alexey V.; Iksanov, Rashid R.; Feldchtein, Felix I.
2000-05-01
Cervical cancer remains one of the most significant problem in oncogynecology. It tends towards treatment approaches that provide termination of pathological processes along with preservation of the patient's life quality. There is a need in earlier and more accurate diagnosis of pathological states, objective assessment of physiological processes, and adequate monitoring of the course of treatment. In our previous publications we have reported unique capabilities of the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to image in vivo the mucosa structure of the cervix and to monitor various physiological and pathological alterations. In this report, we present results of OCT application to diagnose different stages of cervical cancer and to control its treatment at early stages. We have performed OCT-colposcopy in 11 female patients with cervical cancer to derive OCT criteria of this disease, to provide exact demarcation of a pathological area, and to determine a real size of a tumor. We have found that, in general, borders of a tumor, defined visually and detected with OCT by violation of the basement membrane in exocervix, do not coincide. The mismatch depends on a stage of cancer and can be as much as several millimeters. This information is especially important for evaluation of linear dimension of tumors with 3 - 5 mm invasion and also for differential diagnosis between the T1 and T2 stages with cancer extension onto vagina.
Science.gov (United States)
2018-03-12
Ovarian Cancer Stage III; Ovarian Cancer Stage IV; Breast Cancer Stage IV; Cervical Cancer Stage IIIB; Cervical Cancer Stage IVA; Cervical Cancer Stage IVB; Endometrial Cancer Stage III; Endometrial Cancer Stage IV; Vulvar Cancer, Stage III; Vulvar Cancer, Stage IV; Vaginal Cancer Stage III; Vaginal Cancer Stage IVA; Vaginal Cancer Stage IVB
5. Exploring the barriers to health care and psychosocial challenges in cervical cancer management in Kenya
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ngutu M
2015-08-01
Full Text Available Mariah Ngutu, Isaac K Nyamongo Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies (IAGAS, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer among women aged between 15 years and 44 years in Kenya, resulting in an estimated 4,802 women being diagnosed with cervical cancer and 2,451 dying from the disease annually. It is often detected at its advanced invasive stages, resulting in a protracted illness upon diagnosis. This qualitative study looked at the illness trajectories of women living with cervical cancer enrolled for follow-up care at Kenyatta National Hospital cancer treatment center and the Nairobi Hospice, both in Nairobi county, Kenya. Using the qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through 18 in-depth interviews with women living with cervical cancer between April and July 2011. In-depth interviews with their caregivers, key informant interviews with health care workers, and participant observation field notes were used to provide additional qualitative data. These data were analyzed based on grounded theory’s inductive approach. Two key themes on which the data analysis was then anchored were identified, namely, psychosocial challenges of cervical cancer and structural barriers to quality health care. Findings indicated a prolonged illness trajectory with psychosocial challenges, fueled by structural barriers that women were faced with after a cervical cancer diagnosis. To address issues relevant to the increasing numbers of women with cervical cancer, research studies need to include larger samples of these women. Also important are studies that allow in-depth understanding of the experiences of women living with cervical cancer. Keywords: qualitative, illness trajectories, women, cervical cancer
6. Cervical cancer control in HIV-infected women: Past, present and future
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rahel G. Ghebre
2017-08-01
Full Text Available Since the initial recognition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS in 1981, an increased burden of cervical cancer was identified among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-positive women. Introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART decreased risks of opportunistic infections and improved overall survival. HIV-infected women are living longer. Introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV vaccine, cervical cancer screening and early diagnosis provide opportunities to reduce cervical cancer associated mortality. In line with 2030 Sustainable Development Goals to reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases, increased efforts need to focus on high burden countries within sub-Saharan Africa (SSA. Despite limitations of resources in SSA, opportunities exist to improve cancer control. This article reviews advancements in cervical cancer control in HIV-positive women.
7. [Papillomavirus and cervical cancer in Chile].
Science.gov (United States)
O'Ryan, Miguel; Valenzuela, María Teresa
2008-11-01
Molecular, clinical and epidemiological studies have established beyond doubt that human papiloma viruses (HPV) cause cervical cancer. The virus is also associated with genital warts and other less common cancers in oropharynx, vulva, vagina and penis. Worldwide, VPH genotypes 16 and 18 are the most common high risk genotypes, detected in near 70% of women with cervical cancer. The discovery of a cause-effect relationship between several carcinogenic microorganisms and cancer open avenues for new diagnostic, treatment and prevention strategies. In this issue of Revista Médica de Chile, two papers on HPV are presented. Guzman and colleagues demonstrate that HPV can be detected in 66% to 77% of healthy male adolescents bypolymerase chain reaction and that positivity depends on the site of the penis that is sampled. These results support the role of male to female transmission of high risk HPVs in Chile and should lead to even more active educational campaigns. The second paper provides recommendations for HPV vaccine use in Chile, generated by the Immunization Advisory Committee of the Chilean Infectious Disease Society. To issue these recommendations, the Committee analyzes the epidemiological information available on HPV infection and cervical cancer in Chile, vaccine safety and effectiveness data, and describes cost-effectiveness studies. Taking into account that universal vaccination is controversial, the Committee favors vaccine use in Chile and it's incorporation into a national program. However, there is an indication that the country requires the implementation of an integrated surveillance approach including cross matching of data obtained from HPV genotype surveillance, monitoring of vaccination coverage, and surveillance of cervical cancer. The final decision of universal vaccine use in Chile should be based on a through analysis of information.ev Mid Chile
8. Quality of life measurement in women with cervical cancer: implications for Chinese cervical cancer survivors
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ching Shirley SY
2010-03-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Women with cervical cancer now have relatively good 5-year survival rates. Better survival rates have driven the paradigm in cancer care from a medical illness model to a wellness model, which is concerned with the quality of women's lives as well as the length of survival. Thus, the assessment of quality of life among cervical cancer survivors is increasingly paramount for healthcare professionals. The purposes of this review were to describe existing validated quality of life instruments used in cervical cancer survivors, and to reveal the implications of quality of life measurement for Chinese cervical cancer survivors. Methods A literature search of five electronic databases was conducted using the terms cervical/cervix cancer, quality of life, survivors, survivorship, measurement, and instruments. Articles published in either English or Chinese from January 2000 to June 2009 were searched. Only those adopting an established quality of life instrument for use in cervical cancer survivors were included. Results A total of 11 validated multidimensional quality of life instruments were identified from 41 articles. These instruments could be classified into four categories: generic, cancer-specific, cancer site-specific and cancer survivor-specific instruments. With internal consistency varying from 0.68-0.99, the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.60-0.95 based on the test of the Pearson coefficient. One or more types of validity supported the construct validity. Although all these instruments met the minimum requirements of reliability and validity, the original versions of these instruments were mainly in English. Conclusion Selection of an instrument should consider the purpose of investigation, take its psychometric properties into account, and consider the instrument's origin and comprehensiveness. As quality of life can be affected by culture, studies assessing the quality of life of cervical cancer survivors in
9. The investment case for cervical cancer elimination.
Science.gov (United States)
Tsu, Vivien Davis; Ginsburg, Ophira
2017-07-01
We already know what causes cervical cancer, how to prevent it, and how to treat it, even in resource-constrained settings. Inequitable access to human papillomavirus vaccine for girls and screening and precancer treatment for women in low- and middle-income countries is unacceptable on ethical, social, and financial grounds. The burden of cervical cancer falls on the poor and extends beyond the narrow bounds of the family, affecting national economic development and community life, as family resources are drained and poverty tightens its grip. Proven solutions are available and the priorities for the next few years are clear, as shown by the papers in this Supplement. Sustained political commitment and strategic investments in cervical cancer prevention can not only save millions of lives over the next 10 years, but can also pave the way for the broader fight against all cancers. © 2017 The Authors. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.
10. The male role in cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Castellsagué Xavier
2003-01-01
Full Text Available Experimental, clinical, and epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that genital Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs are predominantly sexually transmitted. Epidemiological studies in virginal and HPV-negative women clearly indicate that sexual intercourse is virtually a necessary step for acquiring HPV. As with any other sexually transmitted disease (STD men are implicated in the epidemiological chain of the infection. Penile HPVs are predominantly acquired through sexual contacts. Sexual contacts with women who are prostitutes play an important role in HPV transmission and in some populations sex workers may become an important reservoir of high-risk HPVs. Acting both as "carriers" and "vectors" of oncogenic HPVs male partners may markedly contribute to the risk of developing cervical cancer in their female partners. Thus, in the absence of screening programs, a woman's risk of cervical cancer may depend less on her own sexual behavior than on that of her husband or other male partners. Although more rarely than women, men may also become the "victims" of their own HPV infections as a fraction of infected men are at an increased risk of developing penile and anal cancers. Male circumcision status has been shown to reduce the risk not only of acquiring and transmitting genital HPVs but also of cervical cancer in their female partners. More research is needed to better understand the natural history and epidemiology of HPV infections in men.
11. Cervical cancer: evaluation of our results
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
De Cola, A.; Suárez, L.; Castillo, C.
2004-01-01
Introduction: Cervical cancer in women occupies 3rd place in incidence and 5th as a cause of cancer death in our country. The evolution is mainly determined by the stage, nodal status and histological type. The treatment of these tumors is surgical, radiant and / or systemic, depending on your choice mainly Stadium. Objective: To analyze the characteristics, evolution, treatment and survival of patients carriers of cervical cancer. Patients and Methods: The medical records were retrospectively analyzed for patients with cervical cancer treated at the Department of Oncology the Clinical Hospital in the period 1994-2004. Curves were constructed survival (sv) of total and free enfemedad sv sv by stage and after relapse by the method of Kaplan-Meier. Results: n = 75 patients, median age 45 years (24-90 years). Histological type: Epidermoid carcinomas 93% 5% 2% adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous. stadium (E) Initial: 31% IE, 38% EII, EIII 25%, 6% EIVA. Treatment was according to the stadium, considering that until 1999 was not standard concurrent chemoradiation. The median sv considering all stages was 124 months. The sv to 5 years for EI was 90% (median 188 sv months), for the ISI 65% (95 months) and the median sv CIRTs was 24 months. Followed for 13 months, 12 patients relapsed and the median after sv relapse was 8 months (95% CI 4-13 months) Conclusions: Although cervical cancer is a preventable disease, remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Our results are consistent with those reported in the literature, however far from the optimal, so it is necessary to continue clinical trials in this regard
12. Standardized uptake value in para-aortic lymph nodes is a significant prognostic factor in patients with primary advanced squamous cervical cancer
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yen, Tzu-Chen [Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Molecular Imaging Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taoyuan (China); See, Lai-Chu [Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Biostatistics Consulting Center, Department of Public Health, Taoyuan (China); Lai, Chyong-Huey; Chao, Angel; Chang, Ting-Chang [Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taoyuan (China); Tsai, Chien-Sheng; Hong, Ji-Hong [Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Taoyuan (China); Hsueh, Swei [Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Taoyuan (China); Ng, Koon-Kwan [Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Taoyuan (China)
2008-03-15
We sought to identify prognostic factors - including positron emission tomography (PET) parameters - in patients with previously untreated squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix and MRI- or CT-defined pelvic or para-aortic lymph node (PLN or PALN) metastasis. Patients with untreated squamous cell cervical cancer and PLN or PALN metastasis detected by CT/MRI were enrolled. FDG-PET scans were performed for primary staging. Prognostic variables were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Five-year recurrence-free and 5-year overall survivals (RFS and OS) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A total of 70 patients [54 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I or II, and 16 patients with stage III or IV] were eligible. Follow-up ranged from 26.1 to 71.6 months. In multivariate analysis, FIGO stage {>=}III (5-year RFS, p = 0.008; 5-year OS, p = 0.008) was a significant prognostic factor for both RFS and OS. In addition, SUV{sub max} for PALN (dichotomized by 3.3) was significantly associated with OS (p = 0.012) and marginally with RFS (p = 0.078). The presence of SUV{sub max} {>=} 3.3 at PALN or FIGO stage {>=}III were significantly associated with both recurrence [5-year RFS; HR = 4.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.73-11.80] and death (5-year OS; HR = 6.04, 95% CI = 1.97-18.57). SUV{sub max} {>=} 3.3 for PALN and FIGO stage {>=}III were significant adverse factors in patients with primary squamous cervical carcinoma and PLN or PALN metastasis detected by CT/MRI. (orig.)
13. Low adherence to cervical cancer screening after subtotal hysterectomy
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Andersen, Lea Laird; Møller, Lars Mikael Alling; Gimbel, Helga Margrethe
2015-01-01
have unnecessary tests performed after total hysterectomy. Clarification of the use of cervical/vaginal smears after hysterectomy is needed to identify women at risk of cervical dysplasia or cancer. FUNDING: Research Foundation of Region Zealand, University of Southern Denmark, Nykøbing Falster......INTRODUCTION: A reason for not recommending subtotal hysterectomy is the risk of cervical pathology. We aimed to evaluate cervical cancer screening and to describe cervical pathology after subtotal and total hysterectomy for benign indications. METHODS: Data regarding adherence to screening.......7% were not screened. We found a minimum of one abnormal test in 28 (10.8%) after subtotal hysterectomy and one after total hysterectomy. No cervical cancers were found. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to cervical cancer screening after subtotal hysterectomy in a Danish population is suboptimal and some patients...
Science.gov (United States)
... when the information is about children. Dyspnea During Advanced Cancer Key Points Many conditions can cause dyspnea. ... Echocardiography : A procedure in which high-energy sound waves ( ultrasound ) are bounced off internal tissues or organs ...
15. Second cancer after radiotherapy of the uterine cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Koizumi, Tadashi; Soejima, Toshinori; Hirota, Saeko; Obayashi, Kayoko; Ishida, Teruko; Takada, Yoshiki; Yoshida, Shoji; Kimura, Shuji
1993-01-01
16. COEXISTANCE OF CERVICAL CANCER AND MISSED ABORTION
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
А. L. Chernyshova
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy associated with pregnancy. The clinical case presented in this paper is of interest for several reasons. First, human chorionic trophoblast was shown to be a target for HPV, resulting in termination of pregnancy, as evidenced by the analysis of HPV of the abortion material (high HPV 16 viral load. In addition, iliac lymph node metastasis occurred in minimal tumor invasion, significantly affecting the rate of survival.
17. Comparison and Consensus Guidelines for Delineation of Clinical Target Volume for CT- and MR-Based Brachytherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Viswanathan, Akila N., E-mail: [email protected] [Brigham and Women' s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (United States); Erickson, Beth [Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (United States); Gaffney, David K. [University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (United States); Beriwal, Sushil [University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (United States); Bhatia, Sudershan K. [University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (United States); Lee Burnett, Omer [University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (United States); D' Souza, David P.; Patil, Nikhilesh [London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ontario (Canada); Haddock, Michael G. [Mayo Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota (United States); Jhingran, Anuja [University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Jones, Ellen L. [University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (United States); Kunos, Charles A. [Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (United States); Lee, Larissa J. [Brigham and Women' s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (United States); Lin, Lilie L. [University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (United States); Mayr, Nina A. [University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (United States); Petersen, Ivy [Mayo Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota (United States); Petric, Primoz [Division of Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana (Slovenia); Department of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha (Qatar); Portelance, Lorraine [University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida (United States); Small, William [Loyola University Strich School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (United States); Strauss, Jonathan B. [The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (United States); and others
2014-10-01
Objective: To create and compare consensus clinical target volume (CTV) contours for computed tomography (CT) and 3-Tesla (3-T) magnetic resonance (MR) image-based cervical-cancer brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: Twenty-three experts in gynecologic radiation oncology contoured the same 3 cervical cancer brachytherapy cases: 1 stage IIB near-complete response (CR) case with a tandem and ovoid, 1 stage IIB partial response (PR) case with tandem and ovoid with needles, and 1 stage IB2 CR case with a tandem and ring applicator. The CT contours were completed before the MRI contours. These were analyzed for consistency and clarity of target delineation using an expectation maximization algorithm for simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE), with κ statistics as a measure of agreement between participants. The conformity index was calculated for each of the 6 data sets. Dice coefficients were generated to compare the CT and MR contours of the same case. Results: For all 3 cases, the mean tumor volume was smaller on MR than on CT (P<.001). The κ and conformity index estimates were slightly higher for CT, indicating a higher level of agreement on CT. The Dice coefficients were 89% for the stage IB2 case with a CR, 74% for the stage IIB case with a PR, and 57% for the stage IIB case with a CR. Conclusion: In a comparison of MR-contoured with CT-contoured CTV volumes, the higher level of agreement on CT may be due to the more distinct contrast medium visible on the images at the time of brachytherapy. MR at the time of brachytherapy may be of greatest benefit in patients with large tumors with parametrial extension that have a partial or complete response to external beam. On the basis of these results, a 95% consensus volume was generated for CT and for MR. Online contouring atlases are available for instruction at (http://www.nrgoncology.org/Resources/ContouringAtlases/GYNCervicalBrachytherapy.aspx)
18. Cervical Cancer Awareness and Preventive Practices: A Challenge ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cervical cancer is the commonest gynaecological cancer in Nigeria and women of low socio-economic status are at high risk of this condition. A study was conducted on the awareness of cervical cancer, attitude towards the disease and screening practice of women residing in two urban slums of Lagos, Nigeria.
19. Clinico-pathological characteristics of cervical cancer in Ghanaian ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer related mortality in the developing countries, although preventable. The aim of this study was to use a retrospective descriptive study to determine the prevalence and the clinico-pathological characteristics of cervical cancer among genital tract ma-lignancies. This study reviewed ...
20. Barriers to utilization of cervical cancer screening services among ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among women of reproductive age group; yet screening for early detection of the disease among them is not a common practice in Nigeria. This study therefore, investigated the barriers to utilization of cervical cancer screening service among women of ...
1. The Need for Societal Investment to Improve Cervical Cancer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Although cervical cancer is a preventable cancer with a well-known natural history, it remains a huge burden in developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa where organized cervical cancer screening services are lacking. Developed countries that have invested on providing organized screening programs have made ...
2. Awareness and perception of risk for cervical cancer among women ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Cervical cancer, though preventable, remains the leading cause of cancer death among women in developing countries after breast. Lack of awareness and access to preventive methods remains a key factor contributing to high levels of cervical cancer in these populations. Objectives: The study aimed to ...
3. Drug Delivery Approaches for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Farideh Ordikhani
2016-07-01
Full Text Available Cervical cancer is a highly prevalent cancer that affects women around the world. With the availability of new technologies, researchers have increased their efforts to develop new drug delivery systems in cervical cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we summarized some of the recent research in systematic and localized drug delivery systems and compared the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.
4. Chemoradiation Therapy and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients With Stages IB2-IIB or IIIB-IVA Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2018-04-10
Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified; Positive Para-Aortic Lymph Node; Positive Pelvic Lymph Node; Stage IB2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage II Cervical Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7
5. Cervical syphilitic lesions mimicking cervical cancer: a rare case report
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Xiaoqing Zhu
2015-02-01
Full Text Available A woman presented to the hospital due to postcoital vaginal bleeding. The patient was initially diagnosed with cervical carcinoma by clinicians at a local hospital. However, a biopsy of the cervical lesions revealed chronic inflammation and erosion of the cervical mucosa, and the rapid plasma reagin ratio titer was 1:256. The patient was eventually diagnosed with syphilitic cervicitis and treated with minocycline 0.1 g twice a day. The patient was cured with this treatment.
6. Exploration of knowledge of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening amongst HIV-positive women
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Johanna E. Maree
2014-10-01
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine what women being treated for HIV and AIDS at a specific healthcare centre in Johannesburg knew about cervical cancer and cervical screening. Method: A survey design was used, with data gathered by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Convenience sampling selected 315 women to participate (n = 315. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data and chi-square testing found associations between categorical variables. Results: The majority of respondents (78.7%; n = 248 indicated that they had heard of cervical cancer and 62.9% (n = 198 knew about the Pap smear, with nurses and doctors being the primary source of information. Of the women who knew about the Pap smear, less than one-third had had a smear done, the main reason being fear of the procedure. Conclusion: The study provided evidence that women attending the specific HIV clinic were more knowledgeable about cervical cancer and screening than those of unknown HIV status involved in previous studies. Knowledge was still at a low level, especially when their exceptionally high risk was taken into account. Once again it was found that having knowledge did not necessarily mean having had a Pap smear, which remains a huge challenge in the prevention of cervical cancer.
7. Biologia molecular do câncer cervical Molecular biology of cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Waldemar Augusto Rivoire
2006-01-01
Full Text Available A carcinogênese é um processo de múltiplas etapas. Alterações no equilíbrio citogenético ocorrem na transformação do epitélio normal a câncer cervical. Numerosos estudos apoiam a hipótese de que a infecção por HPV está associada com o desenvolvimento de alterações malignas e pré-malignas do trato genital inferior. Neste trabalho são apresentadas as bases para a compreensão da oncogênese cervical. O ciclo celular é controlado por proto-oncogenes e genes supressores. Quando ocorrem mutações, proto-oncogenes tornam-se oncogenes, que são carcinogênicos e causam multiplicação celular excessiva. A perda da ação de genes supressores funcionais pode levar a célula ao crescimento inadequado. O ciclo celular também pode ser alterado pela ação de vírus, entre eles o HPV (Human Papiloma Virus, de especial interesse na oncogênese cervical. Os tipos de HPV 16 e 18 são os de maior interesse, freqüentemente associados a câncer cervical e anal. O conhecimento das bases moleculares que estão envolvidas na oncogênese cervical tem sido possível devido a utilização de técnicas avançadas de biologia molecular. A associação destas técnicas aos métodos diagnósticos clássicos, poderão levar a uma melhor avaliação das neoplasias cervicais e auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novas terapias, talvez menos invasivas e mais efetivas.Carcinogenesis involves several steps. Disorders of the cytogenetic balance occur during the evolution from normal epithelium to cervical cancer. Several studies support the hypothesis that the Human Papiloma Virus (HPV infection is associated to development of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervical cancer. In this review we show the basis to understand cervical oncogenesis. The cell cycle is controlled by protooncogenes and supressive genes. This orchestrated cell cycle can be affected by virus such as HPV. Of special interest in the cervical carcinogenesis are the HPV subtypes 16 and 18
8. Human papillomavirus infection, cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer in Honduras: a case-control study.
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Ferrera, A.B.; Velema, J.P.; Figueroa, M.; Bulnes, R.; Toro, L.A.; Claros, J.M.; Barahona, O. de; Melchers, W.J.G.
1999-01-01
A substantial body of evidence has confirmed human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as the central etiological agents in human cervical carcinogenesis. In Honduras, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women, with a high annual incidence. We conducted a population-based, case-control study
9. Manifestation pattern of early-late vaginal morbidity after definitive radiation (chemo)therapy and image-guided adaptive brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer: an analysis from the EMBRACE study.
Science.gov (United States)
Kirchheiner, Kathrin; Nout, Remi A; Tanderup, Kari; Lindegaard, Jacob C; Westerveld, Henrike; Haie-Meder, Christine; Petrič, Primož; Mahantshetty, Umesh; Dörr, Wolfgang; Pötter, Richard
2014-05-01
10. Impact of bowel gas and body outline variations on total accumulated dose with intensity-modulated proton therapy in locally advanced cervical cancer patients
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Berger, Thomas; Petersen, Jørgen Breede Baltzer; Lindegaard, Jacob Christian
2017-01-01
cervical cancer (LACC) were analyzed through a total of 175 daily cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Four-beams intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) dose plans were generated targeting the internal target volume (ITV) composed of: primary tumor, elective and pathological nodes. The planned...... induced a median [range] dose degradation for ITV45 of 1.0% [0.5-3.5%] for D98 and 2.1% [0.8-6.4%] for D99.9. Outline variations had larger dosimetric impact than gas cavities. Worst nodal dose degradation was 2.0% for D98 and 2.3% for D99.9. The impact on bladder, bowel and rectum was limited with V43Gy......(RBE) variations ≤3.5 cm3. CONCLUSION: Bowel gas cavities and outline variations had minor impact on accumulated dose in targets and OAR of four-field IMPT in a LACC population of moderate weight changes....
11. Patterns of Failure and Treatment-Related Toxicity in Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients Treated Using Extended Field Radiotherapy With Curative Intent
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rajasooriyar, Chrishanthi; Van Dyk, Sylvia; Bernshaw, David; Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, Srinivas; Barkati, Maroie; Narayan, Kailash
2011-01-01
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patterns of failure and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates in cervical cancer patients who had metastatic disease in common iliac or para-aortic lymph nodes and were treated with curative intent, using extended field radiotherapy (EFRT). Methods and Materials: This was a retrospective study involving 39 patients treated from January 1996 to June 2007, using EFRT with concurrent chemotherapy and intracavitary brachytherapy. EFRT consisted of 45 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions. Radiation to involved nodes was boosted to a total dose of 50.4 to 54 Gy. Primary tumor radiation was boosted to a dose of 80 Gy using brachytherapy. Results: Overall, 30 patients (77%) have relapsed. The 5-year OS rate was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11-44). The 5-year DFS rate was 19.4% (95% CI, 8-35). Only 3 patients (7.5%) experienced treatment failure exclusively within the treatment field, and 2 patients underwent salvage treatment. Grade 3 to 4 acute bone marrow and gastrointestinal toxicities were observed in 10 (26%) and 7 (18%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: Concurrent chemotherapy and EFRT treatment was well tolerated. Most patients showed failure at multiple sites and outside the treatment field. Only 3/39 patients had failures exclusively within the treatment field, and 2 underwent salvage treatment.
12. Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Screening and Treatment of Precancerous Lesions for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Saudi Arabia.
Science.gov (United States)
Al-Mandeel, Hazem Mahmoud; Sagr, Emad; Sait, Khalid; Latifah, Hassan Mohamed; Al-Obaid, Abdulaziz; Al-Badawi, Ismail A; Alkushi, Abdulmohsen O; Salem, Hany; Massoudi, Nada S; Schunemann, Holger; Mustafa, Reem A; Brignardello-Petersen, Romina
2016-01-01
Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecological malignancy in Saudi women with an estimated incidence rate of 1.9 cases per 100 000 women-years. More than 40% of cervical cancer cases are diagnosed at advanced stages due to lack of a routine screening program in Saudi Arabia. Thus, national guidelines for routine screening and treatment of precancerous cervical lesions are needed. The Saudi Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare invited a panel of local experts and partnered them with a team from McMaster University in Canada for methodological support, to develop national clinical practice guidelines on the screening and treatment of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer. After the panel identified key clinical questions, the McMaster University working group updated existing systematic reviews that had been used for the 2013 WHO Guidelines for screening and treatment of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer prevention. Recommendations were based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Those recommendations took into account the available evidence, patient values and preferences, and resource use in the Saudi context. The panel provided recommendations on two major issues: screening for precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 & 3) and treatment of those lesions to prevent cervical cancer in women who tested positive after screening. The Saudi expert panel recommends using the HPV DNA test followed by colposcopy or cytology (Pap test) followed by colposcopy to screen for CIN2+ in women at risk of cervical cancer. The panel recommends cryotherapy or loop excision electrosurgery procedure (LEEP) over cold knife cone biopsy to treat women at risk of cervical cancer that tests positive for CIN2+. Universal screening for precancerous cervical dysplasia in women in Saudi Arabia is recommended using HPV testing and or cytology. Either cryotherapy or LEEP are preferred for treatment. National
13. Molecular tests potentially improving HPV screening and genotyping for cervical cancer prevention.
Science.gov (United States)
2017-04-01
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers can be averted by type-specific vaccination (primary prevention) and/or through detection and ablation of precancerous cervical lesions (secondary prevention). This review presents current challenges to cervical cancer screening programs, focusing on recent molecular advances in HPV testing and potential improvements on risk stratification. Areas covered: High-risk (HR)-HPV DNA detection has been progressively incorporated into cervix cancer prevention programs based on its increased sensitivity. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) are being rapidly applied to HPV typing. However, current HPV DNA tests lack specificity for identification of cervical precancer (CIN3). HPV typing methods were reviewed based on published literature, with a focus on these applications for screening and risk stratification in the emerging complex clinical scenario post-vaccine introduction. In addition, the potential for NGS technologies to increase specificity is discussed in regards to reflex testing of specimens for emerging biomarkers for cervix precancer/cancer. Expert commentary: Integrative multi-disciplinary molecular tests accurately triaging exfoliated cervical specimens will improve cervical cancer prevention programs while simplifying healthcare procedures in HPV-infected women. Hence, the concept of a 'liquid-biopsy' (i.e., 'molecular' Pap test) highly specific for early identification of cervical precancerous lesions is of critical importance in the years to come.
14. A review of californium-252 neutron brachytherapy for cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Maruyama, Y; van Nagell, J R; Yoneda, J; Donaldson, E S; Gallion, H H; Powell, D; Kryscio, R J
1991-09-15
Since 1976 a clinical trial has been conducted to test the feasibility, the potential, and to develop methods for using the neutron-emitting radioactive isotope, californium-252 (Cf-252), for the treatment of cervical cancer. A total of 218 patients were treated in the initial study period from 1976 until 1983. The trials initially treated advanced (Stages III and IV) cervical cancer patients using different doses and schedules; they were extended to include unfavorable presentations of Stages I and II because of favorable results in the initial trials. The authors began to treat patients with Stage IB bulky or barrel-shaped tumors and the majority were treated with both radiation and hysterectomy. Actuarial survival was determined for Stage IB disease and was 87% at 5 years and 82% at 10 years. For those tested with preoperative radiation it was 92% at 5 and 87% at 10 years. For Stage II, it was 62% 5 years and 61% at 10. Survival 5 years after combined radiation and surgical therapy for Stage II disease was 68%. For Stage III, it was 33% at 5 years and 25% at 10. However, 5-year survival using the early neutron implant was 46% versus approximately 19% for delayed Cf-252 or cesium 137. Different schedules and sequences of neutrons and photons greatly altered outcome. Neutron treatment before external photon therapy was better for all stages of disease. Only about 5% of all patients developed complications after neutron therapy. No hematologic or mesenchymal second tumors were observed. Neutron brachytherapy was found to be very effective for producing rapid response and greatly improved local control of bulky, barrel, or advanced cervical cancers. The clinical trial identified and evolved schedules, doses, doses per session, and developed methods different from standard photon therapy but highly effective for local control and cure of cervical cancers of all stages. Clinical and radiobiologic understanding for the use of neutron therapy was greatly advanced by
15. Screening history of cervical cancers in Emilia-Romagna, Italy: defining priorities to improve cervical cancer screening.
Science.gov (United States)
Rossi, Paolo Giorgi; Caroli, Stefania; Mancini, Silvia; de' Bianchi, Priscilla Sassoli; Finarelli, Alba C; Naldoni, Carlo; Bucchi, Lauro; Falcini, Fabio
2015-03-01
Most invasive cervical cancers in industrialized countries are due to the lack of Pap test coverage, very few are due to screening failures. This study aimed at quantifying the proportion of invasive cancers occurring in nonscreened or underscreened women and that in women with a previous negative screening, that is, screening failure, during the first two screening rounds (1996-2002) and in the following rounds (2003-2008) in the Emilia-Romagna region. All cases of invasive cancers registered in the regional cancer registry between 1996 and 2008 were classified according to screening history through a record linkage with the screening programme registry. The incidence significantly decreased from 11.6/100 000 to 8.7/100 000; this decrease is due to a reduction in squamous cell cancers (annual percentage change -6.2; confidence interval: -7.8, -4.6) and advanced cancers (annual percentage change -6.6; confidence interval: -8.8, -4.3), whereas adenocarcinomas and microinvasive cancers were essentially stable. The proportion of cancers among women not yet invited and among nonresponders decreased over the two periods, from 45.5 to 33.3%. In contrast, the proportion of women with a previous negative Pap test less than 5 years and 5 years or more before cancer incidence increased from 5.7 to 13.3% and from 0.3 to 5.5%, respectively. Although nonattendance of the screening programme remains the main barrier to cervical cancer control, the introduction of a more sensitive test, such as the human papillomavirus DNA test, could significantly reduce the burden of disease.
16. Human Papillomavirus Testing in the Prevention of Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
Wentzensen, Nicolas; Wacholder, Sholom; Kinney, Walter; Gage, Julia C.; Castle, Philip E.
2011-01-01
Strong evidence now supports the adoption of cervical cancer prevention strategies that explicitly focus on persistent infection with the causal agent, human papillomavirus (HPV). To inform an evidence-based transition to a new public health approach for cervical cancer screening, we summarize the natural history and cervical carcinogenicity of HPV and discuss the promise and uncertainties of currently available screening methods. New HPV infections acquired at any age are virtually always benign, but persistent infections with one of approximately 12 carcinogenic HPV types explain virtually all cases of cervical cancer. In the absence of an overtly persistent HPV infection, the risk of cervical cancer is extremely low. Thus, HPV test results predict the risk of cervical cancer and its precursors (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3) better and longer than cytological or colposcopic abnormalities, which are signs of HPV infection. The logical and inevitable move to HPV-based cervical cancer prevention strategies will require longer screening intervals that will disrupt current gynecologic and cytology laboratory practices built on frequent screening. A major challenge will be implementing programs that do not overtreat HPV-positive women who do not have obvious long-term persistence of HPV or treatable lesions at the time of initial evaluation. The greatest potential for reduction in cervical cancer rates from HPV screening is in low-resource regions that can implement infrequent rounds of low-cost HPV testing and treatment. PMID:21282563
17. Prognostic significance of annexin A2 and annexin A4 expression in patients with cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Choi, Chel Hun; Chung, Joon-Yong; Chung, Eun Joo; Sears, John D.; Lee, Jeong-Won; Bae, Duk-Soo; Hewitt, Stephen M.
2016-01-01
The annexins (ANXs) have diverse roles in tumor development and progression, however, their clinical significance in cervical cancer has not been elucidated. The present study was to investigate the clinical significance of annexin A2 (ANXA2) and annexin A4 (ANXA4) expression in cervical cancer. ANXA2 and ANXA4 immunohistochemical staining were performed on a cervical cancer tissue microarray consisting of 46 normal cervical epithelium samples and 336 cervical cancer cases and compared the data with clinicopathological variables, including the survival of cervical cancer patients. ANXA2 expression was lower in cancer tissue (p = 0.002), whereas ANXA4 staining increased significantly in cancer tissues (p < 0.001). ANXA2 expression was more prominent in squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.001), whereas ANXA4 was more highly expressed in adeno/adenosquamous carcinoma (p < 0.001). ANXA2 overexpression was positively correlated with advanced cancer phenotypes, whereas ANXA4 expression was associated with resistance to radiation with or without chemotherapy (p = 0.029). Notably, high ANXA2 and ANXA4 expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.004 and p = 0.033, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that ANXA2+ (HR = 2.72, p = 0.003) and ANXA2+/ANXA4+ (HR = 2.69, p = 0.039) are independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival in cervical cancer. Furthermore, a random survival forest model using combined ANXA2, ANXA4, and clinical variables resulted in improved predictive power (mean C-index, 0.76) compared to that of clinical-variable-only models (mean C-index, 0.70) (p = 0.006). These findings indicate that detecting ANXA2 and ANXA4 expression may aid the evaluation of cervical carcinoma prognosis. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2459-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
18. Treatment Option Overview (Cervical Cancer)
Science.gov (United States)
... removed. These procedures are done using a low transverse incision or a vertical incision. Radical hysterectomy : Surgery ... tubes. Pelvic exenteration : Surgery to remove the lower colon , ... Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or ...
19. General Information about Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
... removed. These procedures are done using a low transverse incision or a vertical incision. Radical hysterectomy : Surgery ... tubes. Pelvic exenteration : Surgery to remove the lower colon , ... Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or ...
20. Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2014.
Science.gov (United States)
Suh, Dong Hoon; Lee, Kyung Hun; Kim, Kidong; Kang, Sokbom; Kim, Jae Weon
2015-04-01
In 2014, 9 topics were selected as major advances in clinical research for gynecologic oncology: 2 each in cervical and corpus cancer, 4 in ovarian cancer, and 1 in breast cancer. For cervical cancer, several therapeutic agents showed viable antitumor clinical response in recurrent and metastatic disease: bevacizumab, cediranib, and immunotherapies including human papillomavirus (HPV)-tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and Z-100. The HPV test received FDA approval as the primary screening tool of cervical cancer in women aged 25 and older, based on the results of the ATHENA trial, which suggested that the HPV test was a more sensitive and efficient strategy for cervical cancer screening than methods based solely on cytology. For corpus cancers, results of a phase III Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 249 study of early-stage endometrial cancer with high-intermediate risk factors are followed by the controversial topic of uterine power morcellation in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. Promising results of phase II studies regarding the effectiveness of olaparib in various ovarian cancer settings are summarized. After a brief review of results from a phase III study on pazopanib maintenance therapy in advanced ovarian cancer, 2 outstanding 2014 ASCO presentations cover the topic of using molecular subtypes in predicting response to bevacizumab. A review of the use of opportunistic bilateral salpingectomy as an ovarian cancer preventive strategy in the general population is presented. Two remarkable studies that discussed the effectiveness of adjuvant ovarian suppression in premenopausal early breast cancer have been selected as the last topics covered in this review.
1. Bladder accumulated dose in image-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer and its relation to urinary toxicity
Science.gov (United States)
Zakariaee, Roja; Hamarneh, Ghassan; Brown, Colin J.; Gaudet, Marc; Aquino-Parsons, Christina; Spadinger, Ingrid
2016-12-01
The purpose of this study was to estimate locally accumulated dose to the bladder in multi-fraction high-dose-date (HDR) image-guided intracavitary brachytherapy (IG-ICBT) for cervical cancer, and study the locally-accumulated dose parameters as predictors of late urinary toxicity. A retrospective study of 60 cervical cancer patients who received five HDR IG-ICBT sessions was performed. The bladder outer and inner surfaces were segmented for all sessions and a bladder-wall contour point-set was created in MATLAB. The bladder-wall point-sets for each patient were registered using a deformable point-set registration toolbox called coherent point drift (CPD), and the fraction doses were accumulated. Various dosimetric and volumetric parameters were calculated using the registered doses, including r{{\\text{D}}n \\text{c{{\\text{m}}\\text{3}}}} (minimum dose to the most exposed n-cm3 volume of bladder wall), r V n Gy (wall volume receiving at least m Gy), and r\\text{EQD}{{2}n \\text{c{{\\text{m}}\\text{3}}}} (minimum equivalent biologically weighted dose to the most exposed n-cm3 of bladder wall), where n = 1/2/5/10 and m = 3/5/10. Minimum dose to contiguous 1 and 2 cm3 hot-spot volumes was also calculated. The unregistered dose volume histogram (DVH)-summed equivalent of r{{\\text{D}}n \\text{c{{\\text{m}}3}}} and r\\text{EQD}{{2}n \\text{c{{\\text{m}}3}}} parameters (i.e. s{{\\text{D}}n \\text{c{{\\text{m}}\\text{3}}}} and s\\text{EQD}{{2}n \\text{c{{\\text{m}}3}}} ) were determined for comparison. Late urinary toxicity was assessed using the LENT-SOMA scale, with toxicity Grade 0-1 categorized as Controls and Grade 2-4 as Cases. A two-sample t-test was used to identify the differences between the means of Control and Case groups for all parameters. A binomial logistic regression was also performed between the registered dose parameters and toxicity grouping. Seventeen patients were in the Case and 43 patients in the Control group. Contiguous
2. Towards improving cervical cancer screening in Nigeria: A review of ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cervical cancer screening is the key to reducing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in developing countries. In the absence of a national screening program, healthcare givers in Nigeria are encouraged to routinely inform and screen eligible women. This review aims at equipping health workers for this task by ...
3. Social Construction of Cervical Cancer Screening among Panamanian Women
Science.gov (United States)
Calvo, Arlene; Brown, Kelli McCormack; McDermott, Robert J.; Bryant, Carol A.; Coreil, Jeanine; Loseke, Donileen
2012-01-01
Background: Understanding how "health issues" are socially constructed may be useful for creating culturally relevant programs for Hispanic/Latino populations. Purpose: We explored the constructed meanings of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening among Panamanian women, as well as socio-cultural factors that deter or encourage…
4. Effect of training on knowledge about cervical cancer and Human ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Effect of training on knowledge about cervical cancer and Human Papiloma Virus vaccine among health care personnel in Benin City. ... This study assessed the effect of training on health care workers' knowledge of HPV, its relationship with cervical cancer and the role of HPV vaccine in prevention. Methods: This ...
5. Perception and risk factors for cervical cancer among women in ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Objective: This study assessed the perception of risk of cervical cancer and existence of risk factors for cervical cancer based on five known risk factors among women attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital in Tamale, Ghana. Methods: A consecutive sample of 300 women was interviewed using a semi structured ...
6. Cervical cancer prevention practices amongst flower farm workers in ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The screening rate amongst the workers was very low. The findings of this survey warrant a very strong recommendation for the setting-up of workplace policies and mechanisms for cervical cancer education, screening and prevention interventions. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Awareness, Prevention, Workplace ...
7. Targeting women with free cervical cancer screening: challenges ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Introduction: the study was conducted to determine the challenges and suggest solutions to conducting free cervical cancer screening among Nigerian women. Methods: awareness was created among women groups and mass media in Osun State for women to undergo free cervical cancer screening programme.
8. An overview of innovative techniques to improve cervical cancer screening
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Nijhuis, Esther R.; Reesink-Peters, Nathalie; Wisman, G. Bea A.; Nijman, Hans W.; van Zanden, Jelmer; Volders, Haukeline; Hollema, Harry; Suurmeijer, Albert J. H.; Schuuring, Ed; van der Zee, Ate G. J.
2006-01-01
Although current cytomorphology-based cervical cancer screening has reduced the incidence of cervical cancer, Pap-smears are associated with high false positive and false negative rates. This has spurred the search for new technologies to improve current screening. New methodologies are automation
9. Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Risk Factors Among Refugee ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Less than 20% knew that cervical cancer could be detected early and 6.8% had had Pap smears done. Knowledge of risk factors, signs and symptoms was low, although there was a statistically significant relationship between the educational level of the women and risk factors for cervical cancer. The paper discusses the ...
10. Women's perceived susceptibility to and utilisation of cervical cancer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
2014-10-24
Oct 24, 2014 ... and their intentions to be screened? Which modifying factors influence women's decisions to use cervical cancer screening services in Malawi? The objective of the study was to describe the association between perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer in women aged 42 and older and their intentions to ...
11. The Vaccine and Cervical Cancer Screen project 2 (VACCS 2 ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease with a high prevalence in South Africa (SA), where screening is opportunistic. Primary prevention is now possible through HPV vaccination. In VACCS 1 the feasibility of linking cervical cancer with HPV vaccination was demonstrated. Objectives: To investigate the ...
12. Cervical Cancer Screening: A Survey of Current Practice Amongst ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Objective: To study the attitude toward and practice of cervical cancer screening amongst Nigerian gynaecologists, on whom the burden of treating cervical cancer rests. Study Design, Setting and Subjects: A self-administered, questionnaire survey of 113 Nigerian gynaecologists who attended the Annual General Meeting ...
13. Cervical cancer management in Zaria, Nigeria | Sule | African ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The paper\\'s objective was to identify factors influencing cervical cancer management in Zaria with a view to improving the outcome of management. Case notes of patients managed for cervical cancer in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria between January 1 1999 and December 31 2003, were ...
14. Cervical cancer knowledge and screening practices among women ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge in developing countries including Nigeria and contributes signi cantly as a major cause of death among women of reproductive age. This study was conducted to assess knowledge and cervical cancer screening practices among women of reproductive ...
15. Immunology and Immunotherapy of high grade cervical lesions and cancer
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Vos van Steenwijk, Peggy Jacqueline de
2015-01-01
Cervical cancer is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The immune system plays an important role in the protection against HPV and failure of the immune system can lead to the development of cervical cancer. Immunotherapy aims at the restoration of an effective anti-tumour immunity. This
16. Apoptosis induction of epifriedelinol on human cervical cancer cell line
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Present investigation evaluates the antitumor activity of epifriedelinol for the management of cervical cancer by inducing process of apoptosis. Methods: Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line, C33A and HeLa were selected for study and treated with epifriedelinol at a concentration of (50-1000 μg/ml). Cytotoxicity of ...
17. Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Screening For Cervical Cancer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
This low participation in screening for cervical cancer was attributed to several reasons including ignorance of the existence of such a test, lack of awareness of centers where such services are obtainable, ignorance of the importance of screening and the risk factors to the development of cervical cancer. Conclusion: There ...
18. Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Knowledge and ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Most respondents were aware of cervical cancer (95.4%), HPV (85.4%) and HPV vaccination (69.3%) and the most common source of information was school teaching. Good knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV and HPV vaccination was demonstrated by 51.8%, 67.1% and 21.1% respectively; only 39.6% fully accepted HPV ...
19. TCGA study identifies genomic features of cervical cancer
Science.gov (United States)
Investigators with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network have identified novel genomic and molecular characteristics of cervical cancer that will aid in subclassification of the disease and may help target therapies that are most appropriate for each patient.
20. Role of percutaneous nephrostomy in advanced cervical carcinoma with obstructive uropathy: A case series
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kamlesh Mishra
2009-01-01
1. Association between cervical screening and prevention of invasive cervical cancer in Ontario: a population-based case-control study.
Science.gov (United States)
Vicus, Danielle; Sutradhar, Rinku; Lu, Yan; Kupets, Rachel; Paszat, Lawrence
2015-01-01
The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of cervical screening in the prevention of invasive cervical cancer among age groups, using a population-based case-control study in the province of Ontario, Canada. Exposure was defined as cervical cytology history greater than 3 months before the diagnosis date of cervical cancer (index date). Cases were women who were diagnosed with cervical cancer between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2008. Controls were women without a diagnosis of cervical cancer on, or before, December 31, 2008. Two controls were matched to each case on year of birth and income quintile, as of the index date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio for having been screened among those with cervical cancer. Cervical cancer screening performed between 3 and 36 months before the index date was protective against invasive cervical cancer in women aged 40 through 69 years. In women younger than 40 years, cervical cancer screening performed 3 to 36 months before the index date was not protective. Cervical screening is associated with a reduced risk for invasive cervical cancer among women older than 40 years. Cervical cancer resources should be focused on maximizing the risk reduction.
2. Common filaggrin gene mutations and risk of cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bager, Peter; Wohlfahrt, Jan; Sørensen, Erik
2015-01-01
BACKGROUND: As carriers of filaggrin gene (FLG) mutations may have a compromised cervical mucosal barrier against human papillomavirus infection, our primary objective was to study their risk of cervical cancer. METHODS: We genotyped 586 cervical cancer patients for the two most common FLG...... mutations, R501X and 2282del4, using blood from the Copenhagen Hospital Biobank, Denmark. Controls (n = 8050) were genotyped in previous population-based studies. Information on cervical cancer, mortality and emigration were obtained from national registers. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by logistic...... and stratification by cancer stage. RESULTS: The primary results showed that FLG mutations were not associated with the risk of cervical cancer (6.3% of cases and 7.7% of controls were carriers; OR adjusted 0.81, 95% CI 0.57-1.14; OR adjusted+ weighted 0.96, 95% CI 0.58-1.57). Among cases, FLG mutations increased...
3. Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2013.
Science.gov (United States)
Suh, Dong Hoon; Kim, Jae-Weon; Kang, Sokbom; Kim, Hak Jae; Lee, Kyung-Hun
2014-07-01
4. Mapping HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening Practice in the Pacific Region-Strengthening National and Regional Cervical Cancer Prevention
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Obel, J; McKenzie, J; Buenconsejo-Lum, L E
2015-01-01
guidelines and policies for HPV vaccination. CONCLUSION: Current practices to prevent cervical cancer in the Pacific Region do not match the high burden of disease from cervical cancer. A regional approach, including reducing vaccine prices by bulk purchase of vaccine, technical support for implementation...
5. Changes in knowledge of cervical cancer following introduction of human papillomavirus vaccine among women at high risk for cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2015-04-01
Conclusion: Substantial gaps in understanding of HPV and cervical cancer prevention exist despite years of health education. While more effective educational interventions may help, optimal cancer prevention may require opt-out vaccination programs that do not require nuanced understanding.
6. Second cancers following radiotherapy for cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kleinerman, R.A.; Curtis, R.E.; Boice, J.D. Jr.; Flannery, J.T.; Fraumeni, J.F. Jr.
1982-01-01
Incidence of second primary cancers was evaluated in 7,127 women with invasive cancer of the cervix uteri, diagnosed between 1935 and 1978, and followed up to 38 years (average, 8.9 yr) in Connecticut. Among 5,997 women treated with radiation, 449 developed second primary cancers compared with 313 expected (relative risk . 1.4) on the basis of rates from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Excess incidence was noticeable 15 years or more after radiotherapy and attributed mostly to cancers of sites in or near the radiation field, especially the bladder, kidneys, rectum, corpus uteri, and ovaries. No excess was found for these sites among the 1,130 nonirradiated women. The ratio of observed to expected cancers for these sites did not vary appreciably by age at irradiation. The data suggested that high-dose pelvic irradiation was associated with increase in cancers of the bladder, kidneys, rectum, ovaries, corpus uteri, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but, apparently, not leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer, or colon cancer
7. Can routine gynecologic examination contribute to the diagnosis of cervical involvement by primary endometrial cancer?
Science.gov (United States)
Pristauz, G; Winter, R; Fischerauer, E; Haas, J; Bjelic-Radisic, V; Bader, A A; Petru, E
2009-01-01
There are few data in the literature as to whether findings at routine preoperative gynecologic examination of patients with primary endometrial cancer including cervical cytology, colposcopy and rectovaginal bimanual pelvic exam could predict cervical extension of the disease. The present retrospective study was undertaken to preoperatively identify potential clinical parameters associated with the histological diagnosis of cervical involvement by primary endometrial cancer in the hysterectomy specimen. We reviewed the records of 104 patients with Stage II endometrial cancer treated at our institution between 1985 and 2005 by simple or radical abdominal hysterectomy with special emphasis on cervical Pap smear, colposcopy, cervical palpation as well as rectal parametrial assessment. Patients with Stage I disease operated on before and after each study patient were selected as controls (n = 208). Patients with more advanced disease were excluded. Overall, 312 records of patients with primary endometrial cancer were reviewed. Patients with Stage II disease had a significantly lower prevalence (p examination are significantly more often pathologic in patients with Stage II than in Stage I disease. The majority of patients with Stage II disease had at least one of these tests positive. Thus they may be useful to preoperatively detect cervical involvement by primary endometrial cancer.
8. Risk of cervical cancer after completed post-treatment follow-up of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rebolj, Matejka; Helmerhorst, Theo; Habbema, Dik
2012-01-01
To compare the risk of cervical cancer in women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia who returned to routine screening after having completed post-treatment follow-up with consecutive normal smear test results with women with a normal primary smear test result....
9. Renal Metastasis from Primary Cervical Cancer: A Case Report
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jeon, Seong Woo; Kim, See Hyung; Kwon, Sun Young
2013-01-01
Metastasis of malignant tumors to the kidney is clinically rare and often discovered by autopsy. Primary lymphoma and lung cancer are known that can metastasize to the kidney. Other malignant tumor metastasis to the kidney is very unusual. Primary cervical cancer metastasis to adjacent pelvic organs and lymph nodes are well known followed by abdominal solid organs such as the liver and adrenal glands. However, reported primary cervical cancer metastasis to the kidney is extremely rare and mostly appeared as bilateral multiple renal masses. We report here on a rare case of unilateral single renal metastasis from primary cervical cancer after concur- rent chemoradiotherapy.
10. Simultaneous radiochemotherapy in cervical cancer: recommendations for chemotherapy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Dunst, J.; Haensgen, G.
2001-01-01
11. Knowledge, attitudes and practices on cervical cancer screening among the medical workers of Mulago Hospital, Uganda
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Weiderpass Elisabete
2006-03-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the commonest cancer of women in Uganda. Over 80% of women diagnosed in Mulago national referral and teaching hospital, the biggest hospital in Uganda, have advanced disease. Pap smear screening, on opportunistic rather than systematic basis, is offered free in the gynaecological outpatients clinic and the postnatal/family planning clinics. Medical students in the third and final clerkships are expected to learn the techniques of screening. Objectives of this study were to describe knowledge on cervical cancer, attitudes and practices towards cervical cancer screening among the medical workers of Mulago hospital. Methods In a descriptive cross-sectional study, a weighted sample of 310 medical workers including nurses, doctors and final year medical students were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire. We measured knowledge about cervical cancer: (risk factors, eligibility for screening and screening techniques, attitudes towards cervical cancer screening and practices regarding screening. Results Response rate was 92% (285. Of these, 93% considered cancer of the cervix a public health problem and knowledge about Pap smear was 83% among respondents. Less than 40% knew risk factors for cervical cancer, eligibility for and screening interval. Of the female respondents, 65% didn't feel susceptible to cervical cancer and 81% had never been screened. Of the male respondents, only 26% had partners who had ever been screened. Only 14% of the final year medical students felt skilled enough to use a vaginal speculum and 87% had never performed a pap smear. Conclusion Despite knowledge of the gravity of cervical cancer and prevention by screening using a Pap smear, attitudes and practices towards screening were negative. The medical workers who should be responsible for opportunistic screening of women they care for are not keen on getting screened themselves. There is need to explain/understand the cause
12. Upregulation of long noncoding RNA TUG1 promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration.
Science.gov (United States)
Hu, Yingying; Sun, Xiangwei; Mao, Chenchen; Guo, Gangqiang; Ye, Sisi; Xu, Jianfeng; Zou, Ruanmin; Chen, Jun; Wang, Ledan; Duan, Ping; Xue, Xiangyang
2017-02-01
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a novel class of transcripts that have critical roles in carcinogenesis and progression, have emerged as important gene expression modulators. Recent evidence indicates that lncRNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) functions as an oncogene in numerous types of human cancers. However, its function in the development of cervical cancer remains unknown. The aim of this research was to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of TUG1 in cervical cancer. TUG1 was found to be significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and four cervical cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Elevated TUG1 expression was correlated with larger tumor size, advanced international federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO) stage, poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, knockdown of TUG1 suppressed cell proliferation with activation of apoptosis, in part by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3. Silencing of TUG1 inhibited cell migration and invasion via the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, our findings indicate that TUG1 acts as an oncogene in cervical cancer and may represent a novel therapeutic target. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
13. Gene expression profiling in cervical cancer: identification of novel markers for disease diagnosis and therapy.
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
Martin, Cara M
2012-02-01
Cervical cancer, a potentially preventable disease, remains the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus is the single most important etiological agent in cervical cancer. HPV contributes to neoplastic progression through the action of two viral oncoproteins E6 and E7, which interfere with critical cell cycle pathways, p53, and retinoblastoma. However, evidence suggests that HPV infection alone is insufficient to induce malignant changes and other host genetic variations are important in the development of cervical cancer. Advances in molecular biology and high throughput gene expression profiling technologies have heralded a new era in biomarker discovery and identification of molecular targets related to carcinogenesis. These advancements have improved our understanding of carcinogenesis and will facilitate screening, early detection, management, and personalised targeted therapy. In this chapter, we have described the use of high density microarrays to assess gene expression profiles in cervical cancer. Using this approach we have identified a number of novel genes which are differentially expressed in cervical cancer, including several genes involved in cell cycle regulation. These include p16ink4a, MCM 3 and 5, CDC6, Geminin, Cyclins A-D, TOPO2A, CDCA1, and BIRC5. We have validated expression of mRNA using real-time PCR and protein by immunohistochemistry.
14. Preprocessing for Automating Early Detection of Cervical Cancer
OpenAIRE
Das, Abhishek; Kar, Avijit; Bhattacharyya, Debasis
2011-01-01
Uterine Cervical Cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women worldwide. Most cases of cervical cancer can be prevented through screening programs aimed at detecting precancerous lesions. During Digital Colposcopy, colposcopic images or cervigrams are acquired in raw form. They contain specular reflections which appear as bright spots heavily saturated with white light and occur due to the presence of moisture on the uneven cervix surface and. The cervix region occupies about hal...
15. Patient, Physician, and Nurse Factors Associated With Entry Onto Clinical Trials and Finishing Treatment in Patients With Primary or Recurrent Uterine, Endometrial, or Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2016-10-26
Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Sarcoma; Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage I Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IA Cervical Cancer; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage II Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage III Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IV Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer
16. Manifestation Pattern of Early-Late Vaginal Morbidity After Definitive Radiation (Chemo)Therapy and Image-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: An Analysis From the EMBRACE Study
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
2014-05-01
17. High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia following Radiation Therapy for Invasive Cervical Cancer: A Report of Four Cases
Science.gov (United States)
Salcedo, Mila Pontremoli; Milbourne, Andrea M.; Jhingran, Anuja; Eifel, Patricia J.; Ramirez, Pedro T.; Schmeler, Kathleen M.
2015-01-01
Introduction The standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer is chemoradiation, with the majority of patients having a complete response to the therapy. The current surveillance recommendations from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology include annual cytology, with a small proportion of patients subsequently diagnosed with high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 2/3). To date, there is limited information regarding the optimal treatment and outcome for patients diagnosed with CIN 2/3. The current report describes the diagnosis, management and outcome of 4 patients diagnosed with CIN 2/3 following chemoradiation. Case Description We describe 4 patients who developed CIN 2/3 seven months to 8 years following radiation therapy for locally advanced cervical cancer. All 4 patients were asymptomatic and the abnormalities were first detected by a Pap test. Three of the patients were managed conservatively with observation, and the CIN 2/3 resolved without intervention. One patient underwent 2 cervical conizations followed by a hysterectomy with no residual dysplasia noted on the hysterectomy specimen. Conclusion The majority of patients with recurrent cervical cancer after chemoradiation are symptomatic, and most cases are detected by a physical examination. The role of cytology, colposcopy and biopsies may be of limited value. Furthermore, the significance of the diagnosis of CIN 2/3 in patients previously treated with radiation therapy was not associated with recurrent disease in the 4 patients described. Our results suggest that cytology may be of limited value in detecting recurrence in patients following radiation therapy, even when CIN 2/3 is detected. PMID:26078740
18. The development of genes associated with radiosensitivity of cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Li Hongyan; Chen Zhihua; He Guifang
2007-01-01
It has a good application prospect to predict effects of radiotherapy by examining radiosensitivity of patients with cervical cancers before their radiotherapy. Prediction of tumor cell radiosensitivity according to their level of gene expression and gene therapy to reverse radio-resistance prior to radiation on cervical cancers are heated researches on tumor therapy. The expression of some proliferation-related genes, apoptosis-related genes and hypoxia-related genes can inerease the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer. Microarray technology may have more direct applications to the study of biological pathway contributing to radiation resistance and may lead to development of alternative treatment modalities. (authors)
19. Needs and priorities of women with endometrial and cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jeppesen, Mette Moustgaard; Mogensen, Ole; Dehn, Pernille
2015-01-01
INTRODUCTION: Rehabilitation after cancer is important, and efficient rehabilitation requires knowledge of patient's needs. This study aimed to identify short-term rehabilitation needs of women with endometrial and cervical cancer. METHODS: Ninety-six women (82.6%) were included in an exploratory...... with endometrial cancer. Of these, 38 had FIGO-stage 1 disease (73.1%) and 25 were treated with laparoscopic surgery (48.1%). Emotional functioning was significantly worse prior to treatment in both the cancers (p endometrial) and worry constituted an unmet need in 70.7% of cervical...... and 34.7% of endometrial cancer patients. Both the patient groups experienced significant lymphedema post-treatment [endometrial cancer (p = 0.006) and cervical cancer (p = 0.002)]. Further, urological problems were more prevalent post-treatment in endometrial cancer patients (p = 0.018), while sexual...
20. Diffusion-weighted MRI in cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
McVeigh, Patrick Z.; Haider, Masoom A.; Syed, Aejaz M.; Milosevic, Michael; Fyles, Anthony
2008-01-01
The purpose was to investigate the potential value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement with MRI in the assessment of cervix cancer. Diffusion-weighted MRI was performed in 47 patients with cervical carcinoma undergoing chemoradiation therapy and 26 normal controls on a 1.5-T system with a b-value of 600 s/mm 2 . FIGO stage, tumor volume, nodal status, interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and oxygen measurements were recorded. Response was defined as no visible tumor 3-6 months following completion of therapy. The average median ADC (mADC) of cervical carcinomas (1.09±0.20 x 10 -3 mm 2 /s) was significantly lower than normal cervix (2.09±0.46 x 10 -3 mm 2 /s) (P -3 mm 2 /s) compared to T2b (1.21 x 10 -3 mm 2 /s) and T3/T4 (1.10 x 10 -3 mm 2 /s) (P<0.001). In patients with squamous carcinomas the 90th percentile of ADC values was lower in responders than non-responders (P<0.05). Median ADC in cervix carcinoma is significantly lower compared to normal cervix. ADC may have predictive value in squamous tumors, but further long-term study will determine the ultimate clinical utility. (orig.)
1. Cervical cancer screening and practice in low resource countries ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
While developed countries have recorded significant reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer owing to organized screening programs, treatment of premalignant cervical lesions, and follow-up of treated cases, developing countries including Nigeria are yet to optimally utilize screening services due to lack of organized ...
2. Cervical cancer screening and practice in low resource countries ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
While developed countries have recorded significant reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer owing to organizedscreening programs, treatment of premalignant cervical lesions, and follow‑up of treated cases, developing countries including Nigeria are yet to optimally utilize screening services due to lack of organized ...
3. CLINIC VISITS AND CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING IN ACCRA
African Journals Online (AJOL)
2010-06-01
Pap) smear and visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA).3,4. Cervical cancer screening procedures are able to detect pre-malignant lesions of the cervix which can be treated and so pre- vent progress to cervical ...
4. Screening for Cervical Cancer: Experience from a University ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
(12/121) of them were high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions while invasive carcinoma was seen in 3.3% (4/121) of the smears. Conclusion: Presence of abnormal cervical smear in 20% of the study subjects underscores the need for routine screening for cervical cancer. While organized national screening policy is ...
5. Cervical Cancer in Women with Unhealthy Cervix in a Rural ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Mubeen
Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences ・ July - December 2013 ・ Vol 2 ・ Issue 2. 97. Cervical ... Background:Cervical cancer, the most common malignancy among Indian women, is the second most common and fifth most ... biomedical spectrum, but also has a wide cultural and socio-economic background.
6. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of cervical cancer in ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Conclusion: This study revealed a dramatic figure of cervical cancer in Butembo city. Effort should be made by the government and other health agencies to organize mass campaign to practice cervical screening as well as education on the various risk factors. Access to the vaccines (anti-HPV 16-18) and the precocious ...
7. Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Knowledge and ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
AJRH Managing Editor
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the commonest viral sexually transmitted infection in the world and the leading cause of cervical cancer. Medical students as future healthcare providers will play a role in influencing patients' decision to receive HPV vaccination. This study was aimed at determining the knowledge of cervical ...
8. Knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening at the Imo ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Those who were aware of cervical cancer were 13.6% as against 6% who were aware of Pap smear. Only 2.4% of the 450 respondents had ever had a cervical cytology performed on them. The most frequent reason given for not using the service was lack of physician referral. Culture was found to negatively impact on the ...
9. Survival of a cohort of women with cervical cancer diagnosed in a Brazilian cancer center
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Claudio Calazan do Carmo
2011-08-01
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess overall survival of women with cervical cancer and describe prognostic factors associated. METHODS: A total of 3,341 cases of invasive cervical cancer diagnosed at the Brazilian Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, between 1999 and 2004 were selected. Clinical and pathological characteristics and follow-up data were collected. There were performed a survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves and a multivariate analysis through Cox model. RESULTS: Of all cases analyzed, 68.3% had locally advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. The 5-year overall survival was 48%. After multivariate analysis, tumor staging at diagnosis was the single variable significantly associated with prognosis (p<0.001. There was seen a dose-response relationship between mortality and clinical staging, ranging from 27.8 to 749.6 per 1,000 cases-year in women stage I and IV, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that early detection through prevention programs is crucial to increase cervical cancer survival.
10. Vaccines for Prevention of Cervical Cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mahomed, M.F.
2017-01-01
The characteristics of two prophylactic Human Papilloma Virus HPV vaccines and ethical issues related to HPV vaccination are reviewed in this paper. These vaccines have the potential of substantially reducing HPV-related morbidity and mortality, and in particular cervical cancer. The vaccines cannot treat women with current HPV infection or HPV related disease. They should be administered before the commencement of sexual activity. The ideal age group is adolescent girls between the ages 9-13. Both vaccines are highly efficacious and immunogenic and induce high levels of serum antibodies after three doses for all vaccine-related HPV types. School-based vaccination is considered as a costeffective method for its delivery. Adequate education of both clinicians and patients is an essential to ensure effective implementation when considering a national vaccination program. (author)
11. Studying the Physical Function and Quality of Life Before and After Surgery in Patients With Stage I Cervical Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2018-02-14
Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified; Lymphedema; Sexual Dysfunction and Infertility; Stage IA1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7
12. Extensive Tattoos Mimicking Lymphatic Metastasis on Positron Emission Tomography Scan in a Patient With Cervical Cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Grove, Narine; Zheng, Ma; Bristow, Robert E; Eskander, Ramez N
2015-07-01
Positron emission tomography (PET) fused with computed tomography (CT) imaging is common in the clinical assessment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Limitations to the utilization and interpretation of PET-CT scans in patients with cervical cancer have been described, including false-positive findings secondary to tattoo ink. A 32-year-old woman presented with clinical stage 1B1 cervical cancer and extensive tattoos of the lower extremities. Preoperative PET-CT scan identified two ileac lymph nodes with increased fluorine-18-deoxyglucose uptake suspicious for metastatic disease. At the time of surgical resection, bilateral pigmented lymph nodes were identified with histologic examination showing deposition of tattoo ink and no malignant cells. Physicians should be cognizant of the possible effects of tattoos on PET-CT findings while counseling patients and formulating a treatment program.
13. Pelvic inflammatory disease is a risk factor for cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Skapinyecz, J; Smid, I; Horváth, A; Jeney, Cs; Kardos, L; Kovács, P
2003-01-01
The acquisition of human papillomavirus (HPV), the most important etiological agent of cervical cancer, does not cause clinical complaints. Although HPV spreads together with agents causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with complaints forcing the patient to seek medical advice, PID has not yet been evaluated as a predictor of cervical cancer. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between PID and HPV in order to evaluate the possible risk factor role of PID for cervical cancer. Two groups of patients were studied: (i) 2,215 women with PID; (ii) 4,217 women participating in a cervical cancer screening programme who were found to have cytological atypia, mucopurulent cervicitis or other colposcopically detected disorders but were free of symptoms of PID. The presence of HPV and other STD agents in cervical smears was detected with polymerase-chain reaction. HPV prevalence was 33.74% in patients with PID and 26.40% in the group of women without PID (p cervical cancer.
14. Provider Perspectives on Promoting Cervical Cancer Screening Among Refugee Women.
Science.gov (United States)
Zhang, Ying; Ornelas, India J; Do, H Hoai; Magarati, Maya; Jackson, J Carey; Taylor, Victoria M
2017-06-01
Many refugees in the United States emigrated from countries where the incidence of cervical cancer is high. Refugee women are unlikely to have been screened for cervical cancer prior to resettlement in the U.S. National organizations recommend cervical cancer screening for refugee women soon after resettlement. We sought to identify health and social service providers' perspectives on promoting cervical cancer screening in order to inform the development of effective programs to increase screening among recently resettled refugees. This study consisted of 21 in-depth key informant interviews with staff from voluntary refugee resettlement agencies, community based organizations, and healthcare clinics serving refugees in King County, Washington. Interview transcripts were analyzed to identify themes. We identified the following themes: (1) refugee women are unfamiliar with preventive care and cancer screening; (2) providers have concerns about the timing of cervical cancer education and screening; (3) linguistic and cultural barriers impact screening uptake; (4) provider factors and clinic systems facilitate promotion of screening; and (5) strategies for educating refugee women about screening. Our findings suggest that refugee women are in need of health education on cervical cancer screening during early resettlement. Frequent messaging about screening could help ensure that women receive screening within the early resettlement period. Health education videos may be effective for providing simple, low literacy messages in women's native languages. Appointments with female clinicians and interpreters, as well as clinic systems that remind clinicians to offer screening at each appointment could increase screening among refugee women.
15. Effect of Training on Knowledge about Cervical Cancer and Human ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
UNIBEN
, Ezeanochie M2, Nwaneri ... to HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccines at a workshop organized to create awareness on the subject matter. Results: Of the 53 ..... reported resistance to giving the vaccines to adolescent girls and the reasons ...
16. Grantee Spotlight: Dr. Kolawole Okuyemi - Improving Cervical Cancer Screening Attitudes
Science.gov (United States)
Dr. Kolawole Okuyumi is studying cervical cancer screening attitudes and behaviors of African immigrants and refugees (Ethiopians, Nigerians, and Somalis) in Minnesota, and introducing “cancer” and “cervix” to their everyday vocabulary.
17. Awareness, perceived risk and practices related to cervical cancer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Awareness, perceived risk and practices related to cervical cancer and Pap smear screening: A crosssectional study among HIV-positive women attending an urban HIV clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa.
18. Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Knowledge and ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
AJRH Managing Editor
=current) and cited as : Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Knowledge and Acceptance of Vaccination among Medical Students in Southwest Nigeria. Funmilayo F. Adejuyigbe , Balogun R. Balogun , Adekemi. O. Sekoni and ...
19. Fluorescence spectra of blood and urine for cervical cancer detection
Science.gov (United States)
2012-09-01
In the current study, the fluorescence emission spectra (FES) and Stokes shift spectra (SSS) of blood and urine samples of cervical cancer patients were obtained and compared to those of normal controls. Both spectra showed that the relative intensity of biomolecules such as porphyrin, collagen, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and flavin were quite out of proportion in cervical cancer patients. The biochemical mechanism for the elevation of these fluorophores is not yet definitive; nevertheless, these biomolecules could serve as tumor markers for diagnosis, screening, and follow-up of cervical cancers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on FES and SSS of blood and urine of cervical cancer patients to give a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 78%.
20. A Literature Review of Cervical Cancer Screening in Transgender Men.
Science.gov (United States)
Gatos, Kayla C
2018-02-01
Most female-to-male (FTM) transgender men retain their cervixes and need comprehensive sexual health care, including cervical cancer screening. According to the literature, FTM individuals obtain cervical cancer screening less frequently and are less likely to be up to date on their Pap tests compared with cisgender women. Misinformation related to human papillomavirus and cervical cancer risk was noted for health care providers and FTM individuals. Absence of transgender-specific guidelines or trained health care providers presents barriers to cervical cancer screening for FTM individuals, and further research is indicated to develop comprehensive guidelines unique to the needs and experiences of this population. © 2018 AWHONN, the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses.
1. The Vaccine and Cervical Cancer Screen (VACCS) project ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
HPV) vaccination, as well as the information provided, methods of obtaining consent and assent, and completion rates achieved. Methods. Information on cervical cancer and HPV vaccination was provided to 19 primary schools in Western Cape ...
2. Quality of life characteristics inpatients with cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bjelic-Radisic, Vesna; Jensen, Pernille T; Vlasic, Karin Kuljanic
2012-01-01
Annually about 500,000 women worldwide are diagnosed with cervical cancer. For many patients, young age at the time of diagnosis and a good prognosis regarding the disease imply a long life with the side-effects and sequels of various treatment options. The present study investigated the extent...... to which different quality of life (QoL) domains in patients during and after treatment for cervical cancer are affected according to menopausal status, treatment status and treatment modality....
3. Epidemiology and costs of cervical cancer screening and cervical dysplasia in Italy
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Valle Sabrina
2009-02-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background We estimated the number of women undergoing cervical cancer screening annually in Italy, the rates of cervical abnormalities detected, and the costs of screening and management of abnormalities. Methods The annual number of screened women was estimated from National Health Interview data. Data from the Italian Group for Cervical Cancer Screening were used to estimate the number of positive, negative and unsatisfactory Pap smears. The incidence of CIN (cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia was estimated from the Emilia Romagna Cancer Registry. Patterns of follow-up and treatment costs were estimated using a typical disease management approach based on national guidelines and data from the Italian Group for Cervical Cancer Screening. Treatment unit costs were obtained from Italian National Health Service and Hospital Information System of the Lazio Region. Results An estimated 6.4 million women aged 25–69 years undergo screening annually in Italy (1.2 million and 5.2 million through organized and opportunistic screening programs, respectively. Approximately 2.4% of tests have positive findings. There are approximately 21,000 cases of CIN1 and 7,000–17,000 cases of CIN2/3. Estimated costs to the healthcare service amount to €158.5 million for screening and €22.9 million for the management of cervical abnormalities. Conclusion Although some cervical abnormalities might have been underestimated, the total annual cost of cervical cancer prevention in Italy is approximately €181.5 million, of which 87% is attributable to screening.
4. Incidence of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer in women living with HIV in Denmark
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Thorsteinsson, Kristina; Ladelund, Steen; Jensen-Fangel, Søren
2014-01-01
INTRODUCTION: Women living with HIV (WLWH) are reportedly at increased risk of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). WLWH in Denmark attend the National ICC screening program less often than women in the general population. We aimed to estimate the incidence of cervical dysplasia and ICC in WLWH...... and hazard ratios (HRs) for time from inclusion to first cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/ICC and time from first normal cervical cytology to first CIN/ICC were estimated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to include prior screening outcome, screening intensity and treatment of CIN...... with normal baseline cytology, incidences of CIN1+ and CIN2+ were higher in WLWH. However, incidences were comparable between WLWH and controls adherent to the National ICC screening program. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, WLWH develop more cervical disease than controls. However, incidences of CIN are comparable...
5. Incidence of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer in women living with HIV in Denmark
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Thorsteinsson, K; Ladelund, Steen; Jensen-Fangel, S
2016-01-01
OBJECTIVES: Women living with HIV (WLWH) are reportedly at increased risk of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). A recent publication found that WLWH in Denmark attend the national ICC screening programme less often than women in the general population. We aimed to estimate the incidence of cervical......, which contains nationwide records of all pathology specimens. The cumulative incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) for time from inclusion to first cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/ICC and time from first normal cervical cytology result to first CIN/ICC were estimated. Sensitivity analyses were...... in both groups were adherent to the national ICC screening programme and had a normal baseline cytology, incidences of CIN and ICC were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, WLWH developed more cervical disease than controls. Yet, in WLWH and controls adherent to the national ICC screening programme...
6. Barriers to utilization of cervical cancer screening services among ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Context: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women and contributes significantly to cancer related deaths among women worldwide. Women knowledge and practice of screening for pre malignant lesions vary significantly. Studies on this subject had focused mostly on either medically informed ...
7. Breast and cervical cancer screening programme implementation in 16 countries
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Dowling, Emily C; Klabunde, Carrie; Patnick, Julietta
2010-01-01
There is a continuing need to monitor and evaluate the impact of organized screening programmes on cancer incidence and mortality. We report results from a programme assessment conducted within the International Cancer Screening Network (ICSN) to understand the characteristics of cervical screening...... programmes within countries that have established population-based breast cancer screening programmes....
8. The challenges of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
With the changing paradigm in disease trends, Nigeria may be faced with serious challenges in terms of healthcare and disease management. Cervical cancer, which is one of the cancers that is vaccine preventable, remain the most frequently reported and the leading cause of mortality from cancer in Nigeria. More than ...
9. Knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening among female ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer affecting women worldwide. It is a preventable disease but still remains a leading cause of cancer deaths in developing countries like Nigeria despite the availability of preventive and curative protocols. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the ...
10. Cervical Cancer Awareness and Screening Uptake among Rural ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cause of female genital cancer and female cancer deaths in developing countries such as Nigeria. The most recent government estimates put the number of new cases at 25,000 per year. According to the latest global estimates, 493, 000 new cases occur each year and ...
11. Women's Attitude Towards Cervical Cancer Screening in North ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cancer of the cervix is the leading cancer in women in sub Saharan Africa. The aim of this study is to document the views of respondents on how to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening. This was a cross sectional study of women attending the outpatient clinics of obstetrics and gynaecology in two tertiary ...
12. Assessment of psychological barriers to cervical cancer screening ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
EB
acetic acid wash are widely available throughout Ghana, yet less that 3% of Ghanaian women get a cervical cancer screening at regular ... Results: The results of the quantitative analysis indicated that cancer patients where not more likely to have greater knowledge of cancer ... School of Public Health, Ryals Public Health.
13. Advanced Cancer Of The Cervix Coexisting With Multiple Fibroids In ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
A case of a 47 year old nulliparous woman with advanced cervical cancer coexisting with uterine fibroid is presented. The nulliparity and the presence of Fibroids presented diagnostic challenges especially because epidemiologically the factors present are not commonly associated. Diagnosis was assisted by a thorough ...
14. Pathways of cervical cancer screening among Chinese women
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ma GX
2013-06-01
Full Text Available Grace X Ma,1 Min Qi Wang,2 Xiang S Ma,3 Steven E Shive,4 Yin Tan,5 Jamil I Toubbeh51Department of Public Health, College of Health Professions, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 2Department of Public and Community Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 3College of Health Professions and School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 4Center for Asian Health, Temple University, and Department of Health, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, 5Center for Asian Health, Department of Public Health, College of Health Professions, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USABackground: The purpose of this community-based study was to develop a structural equation model for factors contributing to cervical cancer screening among Chinese American women.Methods: A cross-sectional design included a sample of 573 Chinese American women aged 18 years and older. The initial step involved use of confirmatory factor analysis, that included the following variables: access to and satisfaction with health care, and enabling and predisposing cultural and health beliefs. Structural equation model analyses were conducted on factors related to cervical cancer screening.Results: Age, marital status, employment, household income, and having health insurance, but not educational level, were significantly related to cervical screening status. Predisposing and enabling factors were positively associated with cervical cancer screening. The cultural factor was significantly related to the enabling factor or the satisfaction with health care factor.Conclusion: This model highlights the significance of sociocultural factors in relation to cervical cancer screening. These factors were significant, with cultural, predisposing, enabling, and health belief factors and access to and satisfaction with health care reinforcing the need to assist Chinese American women with poor English fluency in translation and awareness of the importance of cervical
15. Nuclear expression of Rac1 in cervical premalignant lesions and cervical cancer cells
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mendoza-Catalán, Miguel A; Castañeda-Saucedo, Eduardo; Cristóbal-Mondragón, Gema R; Adame-Gómez, Jesús; Valle-Flores, Heidi N del; Coppe, José Fco; Sierra-López, Laura; Romero-Hernández, Mirna A; Carmen Alarcón-Romero, Luz del; Illades-Aguiar, Berenice
2012-01-01
Abnormal expression of Rho-GTPases has been reported in several human cancers. However, the expression of these proteins in cervical cancer has been poorly investigated. In this study we analyzed the expression of the GTPases Rac1, RhoA, Cdc42, and the Rho-GEFs, Tiam1 and beta-Pix, in cervical pre-malignant lesions and cervical cancer cell lines. Protein expression was analyzed by immunochemistry on 102 cervical paraffin-embedded biopsies: 20 without Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SIL), 51 Low- grade SIL, and 31 High-grade SIL; and in cervical cancer cell lines C33A and SiHa, and non-tumorigenic HaCat cells. Nuclear localization of Rac1 in HaCat, C33A and SiHa cells was assessed by cellular fractionation and Western blotting, in the presence or not of a chemical Rac1 inhibitor (NSC23766). Immunoreacivity for Rac1, RhoA, Tiam1 and beta-Pix was stronger in L-SIL and H-SIL, compared to samples without SIL, and it was significantly associated with the histological diagnosis. Nuclear expression of Rac1 was observed in 52.9% L-SIL and 48.4% H-SIL, but not in samples without SIL. Rac1 was found in the nucleus of C33A and SiHa cells but not in HaCat cells. Chemical inhibition of Rac1 resulted in reduced cell proliferation in HaCat, C33A and SiHa cells. Rac1 is expressed in the nucleus of epithelial cells in SILs and cervical cancer cell lines, and chemical inhibition of Rac1 reduces cellular proliferation. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of Rho-GTPases in cervical cancer progression
16. Validation of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer cervical cancer module for Chinese patients with cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hua CH
2013-10-01
Full Text Available Cai-Hong Hua, Hui-Min Guo, Xin-Lei Guan, Fan-Jing Kong, Rui-Jie Hou, Xue-Ying Zhang, Shao-Ru Li Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui City, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China Purpose: The aim of our study was to assess, for the first time, the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC Quality Of Life questionnaire (QLQ cervical cancer module (CX24 in Chinese cervical cancer patients. Patients and methods: One hundred fifteen outpatients with cervical cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from May 2013 to July 2013 were included in this study. All participants self-administered the EORTC QLQ-CX24 and the core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30, and the Karnofsky Performance Scale was performed to evaluate scores. Data were analyzed with Cronbach’s α coefficient, Pearson correlation test, multitrait scaling analysis, and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Scale reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s α coefficients for internal consistency, which ranged from 0.71 to 0.82. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed by multitrait scaling analysis, which revealed three (3.4% scaling errors for symptom experience scales and zero (0% for body image as well as sexual/vaginal functioning scales. Higher missing value rate occurred in sexuality-related items. The clinical validity of the Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ-CX24 was demonstrated by the ability to discriminate among patients in different International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages. Conclusion: The EORTC QLQ-CX24 was proved to be a reliable and valid instrument with which to measure the quality of life in cervical cancer patients in the People’s Republic of China. Keywords: cervical cancer, quality of life, EORTC QLQ-CX24, People’s Republic of China
17. Surface activity, lipid profiles and their implications in cervical cancer.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Preetha A
2005-01-01
Full Text Available Background: The profiles of lipids in normal and cancerous tissues may differ revealing information about cancer development and progression. Lipids being surface active, changes in lipid profiles can manifest as altered surface activity profiles. Langmuir monolayers offer a convenient model for evaluating surface activity of biological membranes. Aims: The aims of this study were to quantify phospholipids and their effects on surface activity of normal and cancerous human cervical tissues as well as to evaluate the role of phosphatidylcholine (PC and sphingomyelin (SM in cervical cancer using Langmuir monolayers. Methods and Materials: Lipid quantification was done using thin layer chromatography and phosphorus assay. Surface activity was evaluated using Langmuir monolayers. Monolayers were formed on the surface of deionized water by spreading tissue organic phase corresponding to 1 mg of tissue and studying their surface pressure-area isotherms at body temperature. The PC and SM contents of cancerous human cervical tissues were higher than those of the normal human cervical tissues. Role of PC and SM were evaluated by adding varying amounts of these lipids to normal cervical pooled organic phase. Statistical analysis: Student′s t-test (p < 0.05 and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA was used. Results: Our results reveals that the phosphatidylglycerol level in cancerous cervical tissue was nearly five folds higher than that in normal cervical tissue. Also PC and sphingomyelin SM were found to be the major phospholipid components in cancerous and normal cervical tissues respectively. The addition of either 1.5 µg DPPC or 0.5 µg SM /mg of tissue to the normal organic phase changed its surface activity profile to that of the cancerous tissues. Statistically significant surface activity parameters showed that PC and SM have remarkable roles in shifting the normal cervical lipophilic surface activity towards that of cancerous lipophilic
18. Black and white women in Maryland receive different treatment for cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Fleming, Saroj; Schluterman, Nicholas H; Tracy, J Katthleen; Temkin, Sarah M
2014-01-01
19. Small cell cervical cancer: an unusual finding at cholecystectomy.
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
Boyle, Emily
2012-02-01
BACKGROUND: Small cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare cancer, comprising less than 3% of all cervical neoplasms. It uniformly has a poor prognosis, and has a high mortality even with early stage disease. It can metastasise rapidly and metastatic sites include lung, liver, brain, bone, pancreas and lymph nodes. CASE: Here, we report the case of a 60-year-old woman with no symptoms of cervical pathology who developed post-renal failure following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The cause was bilateral ureteric obstruction from metastatic small cell cervical cancer and metastases were subsequently found on her gallbladder specimen. CONCLUSION: This is an unusual presentation of small cell cervical cancer and demonstrates the aggressive nature of this disease.
20. Knowledge about cervical cancer and barriers of screening program among women in Wufeng County, a high-incidence region of cervical cancer in China.
Science.gov (United States)
Jia, Yao; Li, Shuang; Yang, Ru; Zhou, Hang; Xiang, Qunying; Hu, Ting; Zhang, Qinghua; Chen, Zhilan; Ma, Ding; Feng, Ling
2013-01-01
Cervical cancer screening is an effective method for reducing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, but the screening attendance rate in developing countries is far from satisfactory, especially in rural areas. Wufeng is a region of high cervical cancer incidence in China. This study aimed to investigate the issues that concern cervical cancer and screening and the factors that affect women's willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening in the Wufeng area. A cross-sectional survey of women was conducted to determine their knowledge about cervical cancer and screening, demographic characteristics and the barriers to screening. Women who were willing to undergo screenings had higher knowledge levels. "Anxious feeling once the disease was diagnosed" (47.6%), "No symptoms/discomfort" (34.1%) and "Do not know the benefits of cervical cancer screening" (13.4%) were the top three reasons for refusing cervical cancer screening. Women who were younger than 45 years old or who had lower incomes, positive family histories of cancer, secondary or higher levels of education, higher levels of knowledge and fewer barriers to screening were more willing to participate in cervical cancer screenings than women without these characteristics. Efforts are needed to increase women's knowledge about cervical cancer, especially the screening methods, and to improve their perceptions of the screening process for early detection to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates.
1. Knowledge about cervical cancer and barriers of screening program among women in Wufeng County, a high-incidence region of cervical cancer in China.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yao Jia
Full Text Available Cervical cancer screening is an effective method for reducing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, but the screening attendance rate in developing countries is far from satisfactory, especially in rural areas. Wufeng is a region of high cervical cancer incidence in China. This study aimed to investigate the issues that concern cervical cancer and screening and the factors that affect women's willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening in the Wufeng area.A cross-sectional survey of women was conducted to determine their knowledge about cervical cancer and screening, demographic characteristics and the barriers to screening.Women who were willing to undergo screenings had higher knowledge levels. "Anxious feeling once the disease was diagnosed" (47.6%, "No symptoms/discomfort" (34.1% and "Do not know the benefits of cervical cancer screening" (13.4% were the top three reasons for refusing cervical cancer screening. Women who were younger than 45 years old or who had lower incomes, positive family histories of cancer, secondary or higher levels of education, higher levels of knowledge and fewer barriers to screening were more willing to participate in cervical cancer screenings than women without these characteristics.Efforts are needed to increase women's knowledge about cervical cancer, especially the screening methods, and to improve their perceptions of the screening process for early detection to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates.
2. Second primary cancers in survivors of cervical cancer in the Netherlands: Implications for prevention and surveillance
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Arnold, Melina; Liu, Lifang; Kenter, Gemma G.; Creutzberg, Carien L.; Coebergh, Jan Willem; Soerjomataram, Isabelle
2014-01-01
Background and purpose: We investigated the effects of socio-demographic, treatment- and tumor-specific determinants on the risk of developing a second malignancy among patients treated for cervical cancer. Material and methods: We included patients with a first cervical cancer (N = 12,048) from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR), 1989–2008. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and absolute excess risks (AER) per 10,000 person-years were calculated to estimate the burden of second cancers in cervical cancer survivors. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed to identify predictors for second cancers among cervical cancer survivors. Results: During the study period, 676 (5.6%) patients were diagnosed with a second cancer. Smoking-related cancers contributed the most to the overall burden of second cancers (AER = 21) and risks remained elevated after 10 years of follow-up (SIR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4–2.2), yet it decreased markedly in the younger birth cohorts. Cervical cancer survivors who underwent radiotherapy were at higher risk for a second tumor when compared to those without radiotherapy, especially at smoking-related sites (IRR = 1.6 (1.2–2.3)). Conclusion: Patients with cervical cancer had a significantly increased risk for a second cancer compared to the general population, especially for smoking- and irradiation-related tumors. Long-term follow-up suggested the importance of smoking cessation and the benefits of counseling cervical cancer patients accordingly, particularly those who received radiotherapy
3. Prospects for primary prevention of cervical cancer in developing countries
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Franceschi Silvia
2003-01-01
Full Text Available The HPV types that cause cervical cancer are sexually transmitted, but there is little evidence that infection can be avoided by behavioural changes, such as condom use. In contrast, prophylactic vaccines against HPV infection are likely to have high efficacy. In principle, the effectiveness of HPV vaccination as a strategy for cervical cancer control can be measured either by monitoring secular trends in cervical cancer incidence or by conducting randomized trials. The former approach is unlikely to provide convincing evidence of effectiveness, since cervical cancer rates are subject to strong secular trends that are independent of intervention measures. A few phase III trials of HPV prophylactic vaccines are now being started. Such trials are very expensive studies involving frequent and complicated investigations. It is important, however, to start as soon as possible simpler trials designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of HPV vaccine in field conditions, i.e. in developing or intermediate countries which suffer the major burden of mortality from cervical cancer. Such trials may capture a difference in the most severe, and rarest, preinvasive cervical lesions (i.e., the real target of any HPV vaccine over a prolonged follow-up (20 years at least. The design of such studies is briefly considered for two areas: Southern India and South Korea.
4. Multihelix rotating shield brachytherapy for cervical cancer
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dadkhah, Hossein [Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, 1402 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 (United States); Kim, Yusung; Flynn, Ryan T., E-mail: [email protected] [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 (United States); Wu, Xiaodong [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, 4016 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 (United States)
2015-11-15
Purpose: To present a novel brachytherapy technique, called multihelix rotating shield brachytherapy (H-RSBT), for the precise angular and linear positioning of a partial shield in a curved applicator. H-RSBT mechanically enables the dose delivery using only linear translational motion of the radiation source/shield combination. The previously proposed approach of serial rotating shield brachytherapy (S-RSBT), in which the partial shield is rotated to several angular positions at each source dwell position [W. Yang et al., “Rotating-shield brachytherapy for cervical cancer,” Phys. Med. Biol. 58, 3931–3941 (2013)], is mechanically challenging to implement in a curved applicator, and H-RSBT is proposed as a feasible solution. Methods: A Henschke-type applicator, designed for an electronic brachytherapy source (Xoft Axxent™) and a 0.5 mm thick tungsten partial shield with 180° or 45° azimuthal emission angles and 116° asymmetric zenith angle, is proposed. The interior wall of the applicator contains six evenly spaced helical keyways that rigidly define the emission direction of the partial radiation shield as a function of depth in the applicator. The shield contains three uniformly distributed protruding keys on its exterior wall and is attached to the source such that it rotates freely, thus longitudinal translational motion of the source is transferred to rotational motion of the shield. S-RSBT and H-RSBT treatment plans with 180° and 45° azimuthal emission angles were generated for five cervical cancer patients with a diverse range of high-risk target volume (HR-CTV) shapes and applicator positions. For each patient, the total number of emission angles was held nearly constant for S-RSBT and H-RSBT by using dwell positions separated by 5 and 1.7 mm, respectively, and emission directions separated by 22.5° and 60°, respectively. Treatment delivery time and tumor coverage (D{sub 90} of HR-CTV) were the two metrics used as the basis for evaluation and
5. Somatic LKB1 mutations promote cervical cancer progression.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shana N Wingo
Full Text Available Human Papilloma Virus (HPV is the etiologic agent for cervical cancer. Yet, infection with HPV is not sufficient to cause cervical cancer, because most infected women develop transient epithelial dysplasias that spontaneously regress. Progression to invasive cancer has been attributed to diverse host factors such as immune or hormonal status, as no recurrent genetic alterations have been identified in cervical cancers. Thus, the pressing question as to the biological basis of cervical cancer progression has remained unresolved, hampering the development of novel therapies and prognostic tests. Here we show that at least 20% of cervical cancers harbor somatically-acquired mutations in the LKB1 tumor suppressor. Approximately one-half of tumors with mutations harbored single nucleotide substitutions or microdeletions identifiable by exon sequencing, while the other half harbored larger monoallelic or biallelic deletions detectable by multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA. Biallelic mutations were identified in most cervical cancer cell lines; HeLa, the first human cell line, harbors a homozygous 25 kb deletion that occurred in vivo. LKB1 inactivation in primary tumors was associated with accelerated disease progression. Median survival was only 13 months for patients with LKB1-deficient tumors, but >100 months for patients with LKB1-wild type tumors (P = 0.015, log rank test; hazard ratio = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.083 to 0.77. LKB1 is thus a major cervical tumor suppressor, demonstrating that acquired genetic alterations drive progression of HPV-induced dysplasias to invasive, lethal cancers. Furthermore, LKB1 status can be exploited clinically to predict disease recurrence.
6. Disparities in cervical and breast cancer mortality in Brazil
Science.gov (United States)
Girianelli, Vania Reis; Gamarra, Carmen Justina; Azevedo e Silva, Gulnar
2014-01-01
OBJECTIVE To analyze cervical and breast cancer mortality in Brazil according to socioeconomic and welfare indicators. METHODS Data on breast and cervical cancer mortality covering a 30-year period (1980-2010) were analyzed. The data were obtained from the National Mortality Database, population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics database, and socioeconomic and welfare information from the Institute of Applied Economic Research. Moving averages were calculated, disaggregated by capital city and municipality. The annual percent change in mortality rates was estimated by segmented linear regression using the joinpoint method. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were conducted between average mortality rate at the end of the three-year period and selected indicators in the state capital and each Brazilian state. RESULTS There was a decline in cervical cancer mortality rates throughout the period studied, except in municipalities outside of the capitals in the North and Northeast. There was a decrease in breast cancer mortality in the capitals from the end of the 1990s onwards. Favorable socioeconomic indicators were inversely correlated with cervical cancer mortality. A strong direct correlation was found with favorable indicators and an inverse correlation with fertility rate and breast cancer mortality in inner cities. CONCLUSIONS There is an ongoing dynamic process of increased risk of cervical and breast cancer and attenuation of mortality because of increased, albeit unequal, access to and provision of screening, diagnosis and treatment. PMID:25119941
7. Barriers and Motivators Related to Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M Bokaee
2004-10-01
Full Text Available Introduction: modern knowledge could protect against cancer for individuals in community with early stage and premalignat state. Screening of cancer is best instrument for early detection of malignancy. Between women’s cancers breast and cervical cancer have more incidence and mortality than other cancers . But could be prevented by simple and cheep screening programs. Despite specific statistics in Iran evidence shows that women’s participation in screening program is poor , so cancers are diagnosed in advanced stage. The purpose of this study was to identify major barriers and motivators for breast and cervical screening . Methods: This survey was a descriptive study in which 400 women participated in health and treatment centers in Yazd. Sampling method was done in two simple and random stages. Data was collected by inventory and questionnaire . Then data were analyzed by SPSS soft ware . Results: Findings showed that 80% of them never refereed to a health provider for clinical breast exam (C B E and only 3% of them did regularly C B E . 46% of them had never done pap smear and only 14.5 % of them did regularly pap smear. The findings showed that major motivators were as follow: advice of health’s personnel , using of contraceptive methods , and awareness of media. Also the major barriers were as follow : Not having knowledge of these exams , not having knowledge of the existence of these centers of education and practice , not having precious health problems , fear of examination , Embarrassment of examination and health providers not to teach them . to consider the most important barriers were propounded which showed that health education role to eliminate barriers for referring women for screening . Discussion: Based on the results of this sample , screening was the least expected . considering barriers and motivators observed it was revealed that health education was required for prevention of common women’s cancers. Also
8. Large scale study of HPV genotypes in cervical cancer and different cytological cervical specimens in Thailand.
Science.gov (United States)
Chansaenroj, Jira; Junyangdikul, Pairoj; Chinchai, Teeraporn; Swangvaree, Sukumarn; Karalak, Anant; Gemma, Nobuhiro; Poovorawan, Yong
2014-04-01
Identification of high-risk HPV genotypes in patients is essential for vaccination and prevention programs while the geographic distribution of cervical cancer varies widely. HPV 16 is the major cause of cervical cancer followed by HPV 18, HPV 31, HPV 52, or HPV 58 depending on geographic area. In this study, the distribution of HPV genotypes in cervical specimens from women living in Thailand was analyzed by HPV testing with electrochemical DNA chip and PCR direct sequencing. The 716 specimens were grouped according to their cytological grades; 100 normal, 100 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 100 high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 416 specimens of cervical cancer. The results showed that HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 52, and HPV 58 are the most common HPV genotypes in Thailand, respectively. With respect to age, women below the age of 26 years were almost negative for high-risk HPV DNA exclusively. Conversely, high prevalence of high-risk HPV DNA and abnormal cytology were usually found in women between 26 and 45 years while cervical cancer was detected mainly in women above the age of 45 years. To increase protection efficiency, a vaccine including HPV 52 and HPV 58 should be offered to Asian women, and primary HPV screening should start at 26-30 years of age. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
9. Emergence of fractal geometry on the surface of human cervical epithelial cells during progression towards cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Dokukin, M E; Sokolov, I; Guz, N V; Woodworth, C D
2015-01-01
Despite considerable advances in understanding the molecular nature of cancer, many biophysical aspects of malignant development are still unclear. Here we study physical alterations of the surface of human cervical epithelial cells during stepwise in vitro development of cancer (from normal to immortal (premalignant), to malignant). We use atomic force microscopy to demonstrate that development of cancer is associated with emergence of simple fractal geometry on the cell surface. Contrary to the previously expected correlation between cancer and fractals, we find that fractal geometry occurs only at a limited period of development when immortal cells become cancerous; further cancer progression demonstrates deviation from fractal. Because of the connection between fractal behaviour and chaos (or far from equilibrium behaviour), these results suggest that chaotic behaviour coincides with the cancer transformation of the immortalization stage of cancer development, whereas further cancer progression recovers determinism of processes responsible for cell surface formation. (paper)
10. Internet-Based Cervical Cancer Screening Program
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Wilbur, David C; Crothers, Barbara A; Eichhorn, John H; Ro, Min S; Gelfand, Jeffrey A
2008-01-01
This project explores the combination of computerized automated primary screening of cervical cytology specimens in remote sites with interpretation of device-selected images transmitted via the Internet...
11. A cohort analysis of cervical cancer in Israeli Jewish women.
Science.gov (United States)
Heering, S L; Beller, U; Baras, M; Ben-Shlomo, I; Steinitz, R; Harlap, S
1990-12-01
The incidence of squamous cell cervical cancer was studied in Jewish Israeli women between 1961 and 1981. The 1052 cases and the 27,832,272 women-years of observation were divided according to continent-of-origin, year-of-birth, and immigration-wave cohorts. Age-adjusted odds ratios were calculated for each cohort and compared. The incidence of cervical cancer was shown to have changed according to cohort year of birth, most significantly in women born in Europe and America. The highest risk in this group was seen in women born in 1891-1895 and 1941-1945 and the lowest in women born between 1926 and 1935. A high risk was also observed in all cohorts of North African women. There was a sharp rise in risk for women of all origins born after 1940. Immigration to Israel at a younger age was correlated with reduced risk for cervical cancer. It has been shown that epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are followed in time by epidemics of cervical cancer. Since there was an epidemic of STDs in Israel between 1967 and 1970, our results also suggest that there is a rise in the risk for cervical cancer in women who were sexually active during the epidemic of STDs. Because of the low rates for cervical cancer traditionally observed in Israeli women, routine screening was not done in Israel in the past. Should the relative risk for cervical cancer in women exposed during the 1967-1970 epidemic continue to be high, screening may prove worthwhile.
12. Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2014
Science.gov (United States)
Lee, Kyung-Hun; Kim, Kidong; Kang, Sokbom
2015-01-01
In 2014, 9 topics were selected as major advances in clinical research for gynecologic oncology: 2 each in cervical and corpus cancer, 4 in ovarian cancer, and 1 in breast cancer. For cervical cancer, several therapeutic agents showed viable antitumor clinical response in recurrent and metastatic disease: bevacizumab, cediranib, and immunotherapies including human papillomavirus (HPV)-tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and Z-100. The HPV test received FDA approval as the primary screening tool of cervical cancer in women aged 25 and older, based on the results of the ATHENA trial, which suggested that the HPV test was a more sensitive and efficient strategy for cervical cancer screening than methods based solely on cytology. For corpus cancers, results of a phase III Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 249 study of early-stage endometrial cancer with high-intermediate risk factors are followed by the controversial topic of uterine power morcellation in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. Promising results of phase II studies regarding the effectiveness of olaparib in various ovarian cancer settings are summarized. After a brief review of results from a phase III study on pazopanib maintenance therapy in advanced ovarian cancer, 2 outstanding 2014 ASCO presentations cover the topic of using molecular subtypes in predicting response to bevacizumab. A review of the use of opportunistic bilateral salpingectomy as an ovarian cancer preventive strategy in the general population is presented. Two remarkable studies that discussed the effectiveness of adjuvant ovarian suppression in premenopausal early breast cancer have been selected as the last topics covered in this review. PMID:25872896
13. [Balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery for evaluating resectability of blood vessel infiltrating cervical metastasis of advanced head and neck cancers--Heidelberg experience].
Science.gov (United States)
Dietz, A; von Kummer, R; Adams, H P; Kneip, M; Galito, P; Maier, H
1993-11-01
During the last two years 17 patients of the ENT-Department of the University of Heidelberg suffering from squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck underwent a balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The investigation was performed because of tumorous infiltration of the large cervical vessels. The balloon occlusion of the ICA was accomplished at the Department of Neuroradiology of the University of Heidelberg. While stopping bloodflow in the ICA of one side for 15-20 min, clinical, electrophysiological and Doppler sonographic monitoring was performed, to detect severe cerebral complications. The specific electrophysiological monitoring contained the detection of MSSEP's (median nerve stimulated somatosensorial evoked potentials) and TCMEP's (transcortical motor evoked potentials) during test occlusion. Balloon occlusion was not possible in three patients because of severe arteriosclerosis. Test occlusion had to be discontinued in three patients because of clinical complications (temporary amaurosis, orthostatic complications). Finally, seven patients showed contraindications during test occlusion for permanent occlusion of the ICA. Four patients had a permanent occlusion of the ICA after tumour resection. In two patients the ICA was removed without problems in test occlusion. The third patient underwent a permanent carotid occlusion because of bleeding complications (in spite of poor clinical tolerance of the test occlusion). In the fourth patient, only intraoperative neuromonitoring with MSSEP's was conducted before permanent carotid occlusion. All four patients did not show any neurological deficits after resection of the ICA. Neurophysiological monitoring played an important role in predicting cerebral complications after permanent occlusion of the ICA.
14. Detection of circulating tumor cells in cervical cancer using a conditionally replicative adenovirus targeting telomerase-positive cells.
Science.gov (United States)
Takakura, Masahiro; Matsumoto, Takeo; Nakamura, Mitsuhiro; Mizumoto, Yasunari; Myojyo, Subaru; Yamazaki, Rena; Iwadare, Jyunpei; Bono, Yukiko; Orisaka, Shunsuke; Obata, Takeshi; Iizuka, Takashi; Kagami, Kyosuke; Nakayama, Kentaro; Hayakawa, Hideki; Sakurai, Fuminori; Mizuguchi, Hiroyuki; Urata, Yasuo; Fujiwara, Toshiyoshi; Kyo, Satoru; Sasagawa, Toshiyuki; Fujiwara, Hiroshi
2018-01-01
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are newly discovered biomarkers of cancers. Although many systems detect CTC, a gold standard has not yet been established. We analyzed CTC in uterine cervical cancer patients using an advanced version of conditionally replicative adenovirus targeting telomerase-positive cells, which was enabled to infect coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor-negative cells and to reduce false-positive signals in myeloid cells. Blood samples from cervical cancer patients were hemolyzed and infected with the virus and then labeled with fluorescent anti-CD45 and anti-pan cytokeratin antibodies. GFP (+)/CD45 (-) cells were isolated and subjected to whole-genome amplification followed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. CTC were detected in 6 of 23 patients with cervical cancers (26.0%). Expression of CTC did not correlate with the stage of cancer or other clinicopathological factors. In 5 of the 6 CTC-positive cases, the same subtype of HPV DNA as that of the corresponding primary lesion was detected, indicating that the CTC originated from HPV-infected cancer cells. These CTC were all negative for cytokeratins. The CTC detected by our system were genetically confirmed. CTC derived from uterine cervical cancers had lost epithelial characteristics, indicating that epithelial marker-dependent systems do not have the capacity to detect these cells in cervical cancer patients. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.
15. The cervical cancer prevention programme in Costa Rica
Science.gov (United States)
Rojas, Ileana Quirós
2015-01-01
Cervical and uterine cancer continues to be an important issue for women around the world, although neoplasia has the greatest demonstrated potential for prevention. Costa Rica has achieved important advances in the reduction of the incidence and mortality of these cancers since the last century. This is the result of a series of policies, programmes, and plans, not only at the level of the health care system, but also in other areas. Increased access for women to care in health centres, fundamentally at the primary level, has been vital, as has ensuring the quality of cytology readings and access to diagnosis and treatment for precursor lesions for in situ and invasive cancers. Despite all of these achievements, there are still challenges to be overcome, which are widespread in many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is important to learn from the experiences of other countries in order to improve women’s health not only as a health objective, but also as an ethical imperative to promote the exercise of women’s rights to life and health. PMID:26557876
16. Nominated Texture Based Cervical Cancer Classification
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Edwin Jayasingh Mariarputham
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Accurate classification of Pap smear images becomes the challenging task in medical image processing. This can be improved in two ways. One way is by selecting suitable well defined specific features and the other is by selecting the best classifier. This paper presents a nominated texture based cervical cancer (NTCC classification system which classifies the Pap smear images into any one of the seven classes. This can be achieved by extracting well defined texture features and selecting best classifier. Seven sets of texture features (24 features are extracted which include relative size of nucleus and cytoplasm, dynamic range and first four moments of intensities of nucleus and cytoplasm, relative displacement of nucleus within the cytoplasm, gray level cooccurrence matrix, local binary pattern histogram, tamura features, and edge orientation histogram. Few types of support vector machine (SVM and neural network (NN classifiers are used for the classification. The performance of the NTCC algorithm is tested and compared to other algorithms on public image database of Herlev University Hospital, Denmark, with 917 Pap smear images. The output of SVM is found to be best for the most of the classes and better results for the remaining classes.
17. Improving cervical cancer screening attendance in Finland.
Science.gov (United States)
Virtanen, Anni; Anttila, Ahti; Luostarinen, Tapio; Malila, Nea; Nieminen, Pekka
2015-03-15
High attendance is essential to cervical cancer screening results. Attendance in the Finnish program is currently at 70%, but extensive opportunistic screening occurs beside the organized. A shift from opportunistic to organized screening is imperative to optimize the costs and impact of screening and minimize potential harms. We evaluated the effect of reminder letters (1st reminder) and self-sampling test (2nd reminder) on program attendance. The study population consisted of 31,053 screening invitees in 31 Finnish municipalities. 8,284 non-attendees after one invitation received a reminder letter and 4,536 further non-attendees were offered a self-sampling option. Socioeconomic factors related to participation were clarified by combining screening data to data from Statistics Finland. Reminder letters increased participation from 72.6% (95% CI 72.1, 73.1) to 79.2% (95% CI 78.8, 79.7) and self-sampling further to 82.2% (95% CI 81.8, 82.7). Reminder letters with scheduled appointments resulted in higher increase than open invitations (10 vs. 6%). Screening of original non-attendees increased the yield of CIN3+ lesions by 24%. Non-attendance was associated with young age, immigrant background, lower education level and having never been married. We showed that a total attendance of well over 80% can be achieved within an organized program when the invitational protocol is carefully arranged. © 2014 UICC.
18. Results of radiation therapy on cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mitsuhashi, Norio; Nagai, Teruo; Yamakawa, Michitaka; Tsuchiya, Miwako; Takahashi, Mitsuhiro; Niibe, Hideo
1989-01-01
19. Dose-effect relationship and risk factors for vaginal stenosis after definitive radio(chemo)therapy with image-guided brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer in the EMBRACE study.
Science.gov (United States)
Kirchheiner, Kathrin; Nout, Remi A; Lindegaard, Jacob C; Haie-Meder, Christine; Mahantshetty, Umesh; Segedin, Barbara; Jürgenliemk-Schulz, Ina M; Hoskin, Peter J; Rai, Bhavana; Dörr, Wolfgang; Kirisits, Christian; Bentzen, Søren M; Pötter, Richard; Tanderup, Kari
2016-01-01
To identify risk factors for vaginal stenosis and to establish a dose-effect relationship for image-guided brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer. Patients from the ongoing EMBRACE study with prospectively assessed morbidity (CTCAEv3.0) at baseline and at least one follow-up were selected. Patient-, disease- and treatment characteristics were tested as risk factors for vaginal stenosis G ⩾ 2 in univariate and multivariable analyses (Cox proportional hazards model) and a dose-effect curve was deduced from the estimates. The ICRU rectum point was used to derive the recto-vaginal reference point dose. In 630 patients included (median follow-up 24months), 2-year actuarial estimate for vaginal stenosis G ⩾ 2 was 21%. Recto-vaginal reference point dose (HR=1.025, p=0.029), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) dose >45 Gy/25 fractions (HR=1.770, p=0.056) and tumor extension in the vagina (HR=2.259, p ⩽ 0.001) were risk factors for vaginal stenosis, adjusted for center reporting effects. Based on the model curve, the risk was 20% at 65 Gy, 27% at 75 Gy and 34% at 85 Gy (recto-vaginal reference point dose). Keeping the EBRT dose at 45 Gy/25 fractions and decreasing the dose contribution of brachytherapy to the vagina decrease the risk of stenosis. A planning aim of ⩽65 Gy EQD2 (EBRT+brachytherapy dose) to the recto-vaginal reference point is therefore proposed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
20. [Secondary peritonitis due to rupture of pyometra in cervical cancer].
Science.gov (United States)
Zeferino Toquero, Moisé; Bañuelos Flores, Joel
2005-11-01
Only 8 cases of spontaneous uterine rupture in untreated cervical cancer have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 52-year-old female, who was admitted to the emergency room due to hypovolemic shock and signs of peritonitis. A 6x4x4 cm cervical tumor was detected at physical exam. At laparotomy 2000 mL of purulent material were found and a 1-cm perforation in the posterior portion of the uterine segment was identified. A subtotal hysterectomy was performed. The patient received antibiotic and support at Intensive Care Unit. Finally, the patient presented ascendant flaccid paralysis and died due to bronchoaspiration. Spontaneous pyometra rupture in untreated cervical cancer is a rare condition and must be considered in postmenopausal women with cervical tumors and peritonitis signs.
1. Pelvic nodal CTV from L4-L5 or aortic bifurcation? An audit of the patterns of regional failures in cervical cancer patients treated with pelvic radiotherapy.
Science.gov (United States)
Rai, Bhavana; Bansal, Anshuma; Patel, Firuza; Gulia, Abhishek; Kapoor, Rakesh; Sharma, Suresh C
2014-10-01
2. On adequate treatment for stage 1 cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Charkviani, L.I.; Kharaishvili, Ts.N.
1985-01-01
Expansive extirpation of the uterus was performed in 726 cases of stage TIbNXMO cervical cancer. 19.3% of 600 cases of pTIb cancer showed metastatic involvement of lymph nodes. Metastases into regional lymph nodes were found to be resistant to preoperative large-fraction irradiation. The long-term results of treatment of 484 patients with pTIbNOMO cervical cancer receiving 3 different treatment modalities (operation alone, surgery+preoperative irradiation and surgery+postoperative distant irradiation) did not show any significant difference. Complications and relapse were rarer in patients who received surgery only. Therefore, expansive extirpation of the uterus unaccompanied by distant radiotherapy should be a Method of choice in treatment of stage I cervical cancer (pTIbNOMO)
3. Physical Activity and Cervical Cancer Testing among American Indian Women
Science.gov (United States)
Muus, Kyle J.; Baker-Demaray, Twyla B.; Bogart, T. Andy; Duncan, Glen E.; Jacobsen, Clemma; Buchwald, Dedra S.; Henderson, Jeffrey A.
2012-01-01
Purpose: Studies have shown that women who engage in high levels of physical activity have higher rates of cancer screening, including Papanicalaou (Pap) tests. Because American Indian (AI) women are at high risk for cervical cancer morbidity and mortality, we examined Pap screening prevalence and assessed whether physical activity was associated…
4. Uptake of cervical cancer screening: awareness, willingness and ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Cervical cancer remains the commonest genital tract cancer and yet it is preventable through cytologic screening with Pap smear. Awareness and willingness among target population is an imperative for uptake of screening services. Aim: To contribute to the existing knowledge base, and in particular, bridge ...
5. Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and its Screening Amongst Female ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Cervical cancer is an important women's reproductive health problem, especially in developing countries. Efforts towards its prevention worldwide have focused on screening women at risk of disease using Pap smears and treating pre-cancerous lesions. A good knowledge and understanding of the level of ...
6. Design The Cervical Cancer Detector Use The Artificial Neural Network
Science.gov (United States)
Intan Af'idah, Dwi; Didik Widianto, Eko; Setyawan, Budi
2013-06-01
Cancer is one of the contagious diseases that become a public health issue, both in the world and in Indonesia. In the world, 12% of all deaths caused by cancer and is the second killer after cardiovascular disease. Early detection using the IVA is a practical and inexpensive (only requiring acetic acid). However, the accuracy of the method is quite low, as it can not detect the stage of the cancer. While other methods have a better sensitivity than the IVA method, is a method of PAP smear. However, this method is relatively expensive, and requires an experienced pathologist-cytologist. According to the case above, Considered important to make the cancer cervics detector that is used to detect the abnormality and cervical cancer stage and consists of a digital microscope, as well as a computer application based on artificial neural network. The use of cervical cancer detector software and hardware are integrated each other. After the specifications met, the steps to design the cervical cancer detection are: Modifying a conventional microscope by adding a lens, image recording, and the lights, Programming the tools, designing computer applications, Programming features abnormality detection and staging of cancer.
7. Proteomic analysis of cervical cancer cells treated with ...
PRAKASH KUMAR
medical care, especially in the field of clinical oncology. As SAHA has shown good results in human cancer therapy, we used HeLa cells as a model to identify whether SAHA would be effective in cervical cancer. We took the proteomics approach, particularly 2-DE and MS, to identify the altered proteins in HeLa cells before ...
8. Assessment of psychological barriers to cervical cancer screening ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
EB
among women in Kumasi, Ghana using a mixed methods approach. *Williams M1 .... market, pharmacies, trotro (public transportation) stops, and from the ..... Malaysia. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2009;10(5):747–. 752. 27. Lin S-J. Factors influencing the uptake of screening services for breast and cervical cancer in Taiwan.
9. Preferences for cervical cancer screening: The role of implicit associations
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Korfage, I.J.; Kwaadsteniet, E.W. de; Voorst, A. van; Stiggelbout, A.M.; Vries, M. de; Pieterse, A.H.
2018-01-01
Objectives: Implicit associations influence behaviour, but their impact on cancer screening intentions is unknown. Methods: We assessed implicit associations with cervical cancer screening using an evaluative priming task. Participants were shown primes ('Pap test', neutral or non-word) followed by
10. Awareness of cervical cancer and its prevention among young ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Cancer of the cervix is a major public health issue in the developing countries. The burden of the disease is considerable with associated morbidity and mortality among women in their productive years. The lack of awareness and adequate information about cervical cancer and its prevention may be ...
11. Factors associated with management of cervical cancer patients at ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Abstract: Cervical cancer is an important public health problem among adult women worldwide. It is the second commonest malignancy in female worldwide and the leading malignancy among women in Tanzania. In most developing countries, cancer of the cervix tends to be diagnosed in its later stages when is less ...
12. Knowledge, Practices and Education of Clients on Cervical Cancer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Most patients with cancer of the cervix present late with poor prognosis. Health workers' knowledge and utilization of the screening services might influence their clients. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, practice and education of clients on cervical cancer and its screening among female ...
13. Awareness and perception of risk for cervical cancer among women ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
about their sociodemographic characteristics, marital and reproductive history, and awareness and perception of risk for cervical cancer. Data were .... Data were entered into a computer and analyzed using. Statistical Package for the Social ..... Information Centre). Human Papilloma Virus and Related Cancers in. Nigeria.
14. Cervical cancer screening in Greenland, 1997-2011
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Holst, Signe; Wohlfahrt, Jan; Kjær, Susanne Krüger
2016-01-01
OBJECTIVE: In spite of the high incidence of cervical cancer in Greenland, no assessment has been made of the impact of organized cervical screening, introduced in 1998, in relation to occurrence of high-grade cervical lesions. The objectives of the present study were to estimate coverage...... of the screening program was low during 1997-2011 with the highest level of 54% observed in 2011. Peaks in CIN3 incidence of around 300 per 100,000 person-years were observed in 1999 and between 2009 and 2011, while the incidence was lower of approximately 100 per 100,000 person-years between 2000 and 2008. During...
15. Inadequate cervical cancer screening among mid-aged Australian women who have experienced partner violence
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Loxton, Deborah; Powers, Jennifer; Schofield, Margot; Hussain, Rafat; Hosking, Stacey
Objectives. Partner violence is linked to cervical cancer and other gynaecological conditions. However, results of current research into associations between partner violence and cervical cancer screening have been inconclusive. Therefore, the current research investigates the association between
16. Analysis of clinical characteristics of 950 cases of cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shu-li ZHU
2015-04-01
Full Text Available Objective To discuss the clinical features of the patients suffering from cervical cancer who visited Daping Hospital affiliated to Third Military Medical University in recent 10 years. Methods The clinical data of the patients who were pathologically diagnosed as invasive cervical cancer in Daping Hospital of TMMU from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into different age groups and analyzed according to age, clinical features, pathological type, and surgical approach. Results Clinical data of 950 patients with invasive cervical cancer were reviewed in this study. The mean age of the patients was 46.9 years. The clinical features, pathological type, and surgical approaches were different in different age groups. Analysis of the age structure of the patients, the onset age of cervical cancer seemed to increase year by year. Conclusion The clinical features of cervical cancer are diversity in different age, and the strategy for controlling its development should be varied according to age. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.03.09
17. A joint model of persistent human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer risk: Implications for cervical cancer screening
OpenAIRE
Katki, Hormuzd A.; Cheung, Li C.; Fetterman, Barbara; Castle, Philip E.; Sundaram, Rajeshwari
2015-01-01
New cervical cancer screening guidelines in the US and many European countries recommend that women get tested for human papillomavirus (HPV). To inform decisions about screening intervals, we calculate the increase in precancer/cancer risk per year of continued HPV infection. However, both time to onset of precancer/cancer and time to HPV clearance are interval-censored, and onset of precancer/cancer strongly informatively censors HPV clearance. We analyze this bivariate informatively interv...
18. Prevalence of micronuclei in exfoliated uterine cervical cells from patients with risk factors for cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lízia Maria Franco dos Reis Campos
Full Text Available CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Pap smears are the most common and inexpensive screening method for cervical cancer. We analyzed micronucleus prevalence in exfoliated cervical mucosa cells, to investigate associations between increased numbers of micronuclei and risk factors for cervical cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study, at Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia (IPON. METHODS: Exfoliated cervical cells were obtained from 101 patients between September 2004 and November 2005. Patients' ages, habits (passive or active smoking, alcoholism and numbers of sexual partners, age at first sexual intercourse, contraceptive methods used, histories of sexually transmitted diseases, use of hormone replacement therapy, numbers of pregnancies and abortions, inflammatory cytology and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN were obtained. Cells were collected using Ayre spatulas, transferred to vials containing 0.9% saline solution for micronucleus tests and analyzed at 1000x magnification. The number of micronuclei in 1,000 epithelial cells per patient sample was counted. RESULTS: Comparisons between groups with active (7.9 ± 7.8 and passive (7.2 ± 10.6 smoking versus no smoking (3.7 ± 5.1; with/without alcoholism (7.8 ± 1.4 and 6.9 ± 10.1; with/without inflammatory cytology (10.7 ± 10.5 and 1.3 ± 1.7; and with CIN I, II and III and no CIN (respectively 4.3 ± 4.3, 10.6 ± 5.3, 22.7 ± 11.9 and 1.3 ± 1.4 found elevated micronucleus prevalence (P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the prevalence of micronuclei in exfoliated uterine cervical cells was greater in patients with one or more risk factors for uterine cervical cancer than in patients without risk factors.
19. Phase I Study of Intravenous Triapine (IND # 68338) in Combination With Pelvic Radiation Therapy With or Without Weekly Intravenous Cisplatin Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical, Vaginal, or Pelvic Gynecologic Malignancies
Science.gov (United States)
2013-01-10
Recurrent Cervical Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Recurrent Vaginal Cancer; Recurrent Vulvar Cancer; Stage III Vaginal Cancer; Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIA Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IIIA Vulvar Cancer; Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIB Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IIIB Vulvar Cancer; Stage IIIC Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IIIC Vulvar Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Vaginal Cancer; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer; Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer
20. Factors Associated with the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Portland, Jamaica
OpenAIRE
Ncube, Butho; Bey, Amita; Knight, Jeremy; Bessler, Patricia; Jolly, Pauline E.
2015-01-01
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and is the leading cause of deaths in developing countries. Despite the strong evidence that cervical cancer screening results in decreased mortality from this disease, the uptake for cervical screening among Jamaican women remains low. Aims : This study was carried out to identify factors associated with Jamaican women′s decisions to screen for cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptiv...
1. Quantitative DNA methylation analysis of candidate genes in cervical cancer.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Erin M Siegel
Full Text Available Aberrant DNA methylation has been observed in cervical cancer; however, most studies have used non-quantitative approaches to measure DNA methylation. The objective of this study was to quantify methylation within a select panel of genes previously identified as targets for epigenetic silencing in cervical cancer and to identify genes with elevated methylation that can distinguish cancer from normal cervical tissues. We identified 49 women with invasive squamous cell cancer of the cervix and 22 women with normal cytology specimens. Bisulfite-modified genomic DNA was amplified and quantitative pyrosequencing completed for 10 genes (APC, CCNA, CDH1, CDH13, WIF1, TIMP3, DAPK1, RARB, FHIT, and SLIT2. A Methylation Index was calculated as the mean percent methylation across all CpG sites analyzed per gene (~4-9 CpG site per sequence. A binary cut-point was defined at >15% methylation. Sensitivity, specificity and area under ROC curve (AUC of methylation in individual genes or a panel was examined. The median methylation index was significantly higher in cases compared to controls in 8 genes, whereas there was no difference in median methylation for 2 genes. Compared to HPV and age, the combination of DNA methylation level of DAPK1, SLIT2, WIF1 and RARB with HPV and age significantly improved the AUC from 0.79 to 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97-1.00, p-value = 0.003. Pyrosequencing analysis confirmed that several genes are common targets for aberrant methylation in cervical cancer and DNA methylation level of four genes appears to increase specificity to identify cancer compared to HPV detection alone. Alterations in DNA methylation of specific genes in cervical cancers, such as DAPK1, RARB, WIF1, and SLIT2, may also occur early in cervical carcinogenesis and should be evaluated.
2. Quantitative DNA methylation analysis of candidate genes in cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Siegel, Erin M; Riggs, Bridget M; Delmas, Amber L; Koch, Abby; Hakam, Ardeshir; Brown, Kevin D
2015-01-01
Aberrant DNA methylation has been observed in cervical cancer; however, most studies have used non-quantitative approaches to measure DNA methylation. The objective of this study was to quantify methylation within a select panel of genes previously identified as targets for epigenetic silencing in cervical cancer and to identify genes with elevated methylation that can distinguish cancer from normal cervical tissues. We identified 49 women with invasive squamous cell cancer of the cervix and 22 women with normal cytology specimens. Bisulfite-modified genomic DNA was amplified and quantitative pyrosequencing completed for 10 genes (APC, CCNA, CDH1, CDH13, WIF1, TIMP3, DAPK1, RARB, FHIT, and SLIT2). A Methylation Index was calculated as the mean percent methylation across all CpG sites analyzed per gene (~4-9 CpG site) per sequence. A binary cut-point was defined at >15% methylation. Sensitivity, specificity and area under ROC curve (AUC) of methylation in individual genes or a panel was examined. The median methylation index was significantly higher in cases compared to controls in 8 genes, whereas there was no difference in median methylation for 2 genes. Compared to HPV and age, the combination of DNA methylation level of DAPK1, SLIT2, WIF1 and RARB with HPV and age significantly improved the AUC from 0.79 to 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97-1.00, p-value = 0.003). Pyrosequencing analysis confirmed that several genes are common targets for aberrant methylation in cervical cancer and DNA methylation level of four genes appears to increase specificity to identify cancer compared to HPV detection alone. Alterations in DNA methylation of specific genes in cervical cancers, such as DAPK1, RARB, WIF1, and SLIT2, may also occur early in cervical carcinogenesis and should be evaluated.
3. HPV in genital cancers (at the exception of cervical cancer) and anal cancers.
Science.gov (United States)
de Sanjosé, Silvia; Bruni, Laia; Alemany, Laia
2014-12-01
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been firmly established as a central and necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer and it has been etiologically linked to other anogenital (vulva, vagina, anus and penis) and head and neck cancers, particularly oropharyngeal. Although being rare, the incidence of some of these cancers in some countries has increased in the last decades. HPV-related anogenital tumors share many risk factors with cervical cancer. The HPV aetiological contribution differs in each anatomical location reflecting differences in the natural history and viral tissue tropism. The highest prevalence of HPV DNA in cancers other than cervix has been described for anal, followed by vagina, penile and vulvar cancers. HPV16 has been described as the most common type detected in all cancer sites with different contributions being the highest in anal carcinoma (around 80% of HPV DNA positive anal cancers) and the lowest in vaginal cancers with a contribution similar to that found in cervical cancers (around 60%). Current HPV vaccines have already demonstrated their efficacy in preventing anogenital pre-neoplastic lesions caused by vaccine HPV types. HPV-based prevention tools like HPV vaccination and to a lesser extend screening (e.g. for anal cancer) can be useful measures for reducing the burden of these anogenital cancers. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
4. Strategies for the prevention and control of cervical cancer in rural ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Majority of “most-at-risk” women for cervical cancer disease who reside in rural communities of low and middle income countries (LMIC) do not have access to cervical cancer prevention programmes. This paper reviews epidemiology, recommendations, implementation strategies for prevention and control of cervical cancer ...
5. Cervical Cancer Screening Interventions for U.S. Latinas: A Systematic Review
Science.gov (United States)
Corcoran, Jacqueline; Dattalo, Patrick; Crowley, Meghan
2012-01-01
The high cervical cancer mortality rate among Latinas compared with other ethnic groups in the United States is of major concern. Latina women are almost twice as likely to die from cervical cancer as non-Hispanic white women. To improve Latina cervical cancer screening rates, interventions have been developed and tested. This systematic review…
6. Does lowering the screening age for cervical cancer in The Netherlands make sense?
NARCIS (Netherlands)
van der Aa, Maaike A.; de Kok, Inge M.C.M.; Siesling, Sabine; van Ballegooijen, Marjolein; Coebergh, Jan Willem W.
2008-01-01
Recommendations for the age to initiate cervical cancer screening should be directed towards maximum detection of early cervical cancer. However, the screening programme should do more good than harm. The aim of this analysis was to determine whether the target age for cervical cancer screening
7. 75 FR 7282 - Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection and Control Advisory Committee (BCCEDCAC)
Science.gov (United States)
2010-02-18
... HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection and... cervical cancer. The committee makes recommendations regarding national program goals and objectives... Force guidelines for breast and cervical cancer screening; Impact of the revised clinical screening...
8. 77 FR 66469 - Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection and Control Advisory Committee (BCCEDCAC)
Science.gov (United States)
2012-11-05
... HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection and... meeting of the aforementioned committee: Name: Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection and Control..., regarding the early detection and control of breast and cervical cancer. The committee makes recommendations...
9. Therapeutic immunization strategies against cervical cancer : induction of cell-mediated immunity in murine models
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Bungener, Laura Barbara
2004-01-01
The aim of the study described in this thesis is the development of a therapeutic immunization strategy against cervical cancer and pre-malignant precursor lesions of cervical cancer (CIN lesions). Cervical cancer is caused by high risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Two of the early proteins of high
10. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of human papillomavirus detection in the prevention of cervical cancer.
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Bekkers, R.L.M.; Massuger, L.F.A.G.; Bulten, J.; Melchers, W.J.G.
2004-01-01
Cervical cancer is a major cause of death, and the second most frequent cancer in women worldwide. Many studies have indicated a causal relation between genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer. High-risk HPV genotypes have been detected in almost 100% of all cervical
11. Strategies for the Prevention and Control of Cervical Cancer in Rural ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Majority of “most-at-risk” women for cervical cancer disease who reside in rural communities of low and middle income countries (LMIC) do not have access to cervical cancer prevention programmes. This paper reviews epidemiology, recommendations, implementation strategies for prevention and control of cervical cancer ...
12. HPV-related cervical disease and oropharyngeal cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Lozza, Virginia; Pieralli, Annalisa; Corioni, Serena; Longinotti, Manuela; Bianchi, Claudia; Moncini, Daniela; Fallani, Maria Grazia
2014-08-01
Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV 16, is associated with the development of both cervical and oral cancer. We show the case of a woman affected by HPV-related cervical disease and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). A 41-year-old woman arrived at our Colposcopy Center following an abnormal Pap smear result (ASC-H) and a diagnosis of moderate cervical dysplasia obtained by a cervical biopsy. She underwent a colposcopy that showed a cervical abnormal transformation zone grade 2. A laser conization was performed in November 2010. Histology reported a moderate/severe dysplasia. The cone resection margins were free. Follow-up colposcopy and cytology were negative. The HPV testing showed an infection by HPV 16. In October 2012, the patient presented to the Head-Neck ER after episodes of hemoptysis; a lesion was found in the left tonsillar lodge. A biopsy was performed with a result of squamous cell carcinoma with low-grade differentiation. The HPV testing detected a high-risk HPV and the immunohistochemical analysis was positive for p16. She was treated by chemotherapy and brachytherapy. She was followed at the head-neck center with monthly visits with oral visual inspection that showed complete absence of mucosal abnormalities. HPV-related OPSCC and cervical precancerous/cancerous lesions have significant similarities in terms of pathogenesis. They are both caused largely by HPV 16, as in the present case. In conclusion, because of this association found in literature and in our case, we think that women with HPV cervical lesions should have regular surveillance for oropharyngeal cancer, whereas women with OPSCC should be encouraged to have diligent cervical screening.
13. [Cigarette smoking among women attending cervical cancer screening program].
Science.gov (United States)
2012-01-01
Cervical cancer is recognized as tobacco-related malignancy. HPV vaccination and introducing screening protocols were found as the best way to decrease cervical cancer related mortality. Besides the cytological screening programs of the uterine cervix smear, nowadays co-factors of carcinogenesis are taken into consideration, also. The aim of our study was to analyse data included in questionnaire of 310 women who underwent cytological examination wi thin cervical cancer screening program in our Department in 2011. There were no differences found between studied groups on rate of oral contraceptive or hormonal therapy use, as well as age and tobacco smoking. However, taking into account education and smoking, there was a significant correlation observed. Patients with higher education level smoked less often. The special attention should be paid to promote smoking cessation in the group of women who finished education on elementary level.
14. Prediction of rehabilitation needs after treatment of cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mikkelsen, Tina Broby; Sørensen, Bente; Dieperink, Karin B
2017-01-01
showed impaired quality of life, e.g., a lower body image and self-efficacy score, correlated with increasing BMI. Women who had surgery had greater risk of lymphedema, and women who received chemotherapy during treatment had a lower quality of life. All but one received radiotherapy. CONCLUSION......PURPOSE: Women treated for cervical cancer with radiotherapy and chemotherapy have reported serious bowel, vaginal, and sexual late effects. The purpose of this study was to describe late adverse effects, health-related quality of life, and self-efficacy in a representative Danish cervical cancer...... population in order to describe rehabilitation needs. METHODS: Women, mean age 55 years, treated for cervical cancer from January 2010 to July 2013, who were alive and without known relapse/metastases were included in this cross-sectional study. EORTC QLQ C30 and CX24 and self-efficacy questionnaires were...
15. Cervical cancer screening continues to limit provision of contraception.
Science.gov (United States)
Schwarz, Eleanor Bimla; Saint, Mona; Gildengorin, Ginny; Weitz, Tracy A; Stewart, Felicia H; Sawaya, George F
2005-09-01
Balancing needs for contraception and cervical cancer screening is challenging for clinicians. We assessed US obstetrician/gynecologists' practices regarding requirement of Pap testing before prescribing oral contraceptive or emergency contraceptive pills. Questionnaires structured as clinical vignettes describing women desiring contraception with different risks of cervical dysplasia were mailed to a national sample of 355 obstetrician/gynecologists. A minority (3%) of the 185 obstetrician/gynecologists who responded would refill 12 months of oral contraceptives without requiring Pap testing. However, most would provide a limited supply of oral contraceptives until Pap testing could be performed. A substantial proportion (11-16%) would refuse to prescribe emergency contraception to women who they felt required Pap testing. Younger physicians, those practicing in academic settings and those who follow American Cancer Society guidelines were more willing to prescribe contraceptives without Pap testing. Cervical cancer screening continues to limit prescription of routine and emergency contraception by many US obstetrician/gynecologists.
16. Cervical cancer screening policies and coverage in Europe
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Anttila, Ahti; von Karsa, Lawrence; Aasmaa, Auni
2009-01-01
The aim of the study was to compare current policy, organisation and coverage of cervical cancer screening programmes in the European Union (EU) member states with European and other international recommendations. According to the questionnaire-based survey, there are large variations in cervical...... cancer screening policies and inadequacies in the key organisational elements of the programme such as registration and monitoring required for quality-assurance and fail-safe mechanisms. Based on data from available screening registers, coverage of the screening test taken within the population...... with education, training and communication among women, medical professionals and authorities are required, accordingly. The study indicates that, despite substantial efforts, the recommendations of the Council of the EU on organised population-based screening for cervical cancer are not yet fulfilled. Decision...
17. The Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
F. Xavier Bosch
2007-01-01
Full Text Available Cervical cancer has been recognized as a rare outcome of a common Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI. The etiologic association is restricted to a limited number of viral types of the family of the Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs. The association is causal in nature and under optimal testing systems, HPV DNA can be identified in all specimens of invasive cervical cancer. As a consequence, it has been claimed that HPV infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. The evidence is consistent worldwide and implies both the Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCC, the adenocarcinomas and the vast majority (i.e. > 95% of the immediate precursors, namely High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL/Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3 (CIN3/Carcinoma in situ. Co-factors that modify the risk among HPV DNA positive women include the use of oral contraceptives (OC for five or more years, smoking, high parity (five or more full term pregnancies and previous exposure to other sexually transmitted diseases such as Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT and Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2. Women exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV are at high risk for HPV infection, HPV DNA persistency and progression of HPV lesions to cervical cancer.
18. WEE1 Inhibitor AZD1775, External Beam Radiation Therapy, and Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Cervical, Vaginal, or Uterine Cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2018-03-19
Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma; Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma; Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage I Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage II Cervical Cancer AJCC v7; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage II Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage III Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7
19. Project ECHO: A Telementoring Program for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment in Low-Resource Settings
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Melissa S. Lopez
2017-10-01
Full Text Available Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries compared with the United States and other developed countries. This disparity is caused by decreased access to screening, often coupled with low numbers of trained providers offering cancer prevention and treatment services. However, similar disparities are also found in underserved areas of the United States, such as the Texas-Mexico border, where cervical cancer mortality rates are 30% higher than in the rest of Texas. To address these issues, we have adopted the Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes program, a low-cost telementoring model previously proven to be successful in increasing local capacity, improving patient management skills, and ultimately improving patient outcomes in rural and underserved areas. We use the Project ECHO model to educate local providers in the management of cervical dysplasia in a low-resource region of Texas and have adapted it to inform strategies for the management of advanced cervical and breast cancer in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. This innovative approach, using ECHO, is part of a larger strategy to enhance clinical skills and develop collaborative projects between academic centers and partners in low-resource regions.
20. The role of interstitial brachytherapy in the management of primary radiation therapy for uterine cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Naoya Murakami
2016-10-01
Full Text Available Purpose : The aim of this study was to report the clinical results of uterine cervical cancer patients treated by primary radiation therapy including brachytherapy, and investigate the role of interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT. Material and methods: All consecutive uterine cervical cancer patients who were treated by primary radiation therapy were reviewed, and those who were treated by ISBT were further investigated for clinical outcomes and related toxicities. Results : From December 2008 to October 2014, 209 consecutive uterine cervical cancer patients were treated with primary radiation therapy. Among them, 142 and 42 patients were treated by intracavitary and hybrid brachytherapy, respectively. Twenty-five patients (12% were treated by high-dose-rate (HDR-ISBT. Five patients with distant metastasis other than para-aortic lymph node were excluded, and 20 patients consisted of the analysis. Three-year overall survival (OS, progression-free survival (PFS, and local control (LC rate were 44.4%, 38.9%, and 87.8%, respectively. Distant metastasis was the most frequent site of first relapse after HDR-ISBT. One and four patients experienced grade 3 and 2 rectal bleeding, one grade 2 cystitis, and two grade 2 vaginal ulcer. Conclusions : Feasibility and favorable local control of interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer was demonstrated through a single institutional experience with a small number of patients.
1. Variable TERRA abundance and stability in cervical cancer cells.
Science.gov (United States)
Oh, Bong-Kyeong; Keo, Ponnarath; Bae, Jaeman; Ko, Jung Hwa; Choi, Joong Sub
2017-06-01
Telomeres are transcribed into long non-coding RNA, referred to as telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), which plays important roles in maintaining telomere integrity and heterochromatin formation. TERRA has been well characterized in HeLa cells, a type of cervical cancer cell. However, TERRA abundance and stability have not been examined in other cervical cancer cells, at least to the best of our knowledge. Thus, in this study, we measured TERRA levels and stability, as well as telomere length in 6 cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa, SiHa, CaSki, HeLa S3, C-33A and SNU-17. We also examined the association between the TERRA level and its stability and telomere length. We found that the TERRA level was several fold greater in the SiHa, CaSki, HeLa S3, C-33A and SNU-17 cells, than in the HeLa cells. An RNA stability assay of actinomycin D-treated cells revealed that TERRA had a short half-life of ~4 h in HeLa cells, which was consistent with previous studies, but was more stable with a longer half-life (>8 h) in the other 5 cell lines. Telomere length varied from 4 to 9 kb in the cells and did not correlate significantly with the TERRA level. On the whole, our data indicate that TERRA abundance and stability vary between different types of cervical cancer cells. TERRA degrades rapidly in HeLa cells, but is maintained stably in other cervical cancer cells that accumulate higher levels of TERRA. TERRA abundance is associated with the stability of RNA in cervical cancer cells, but is unlikely associated with telomere length.
2. Association between B7-H1 and cervical cancer: B7-H1 impairs the immune response in human cervical cancer cells.
Science.gov (United States)
Tao, Jianying; Dai, Jianrong; Hou, Shunyu
2017-11-01
The aim of the present study was to determine the preliminary mechanism of action of B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) and investigate the association between B7-H1 and cervical cancer. The expression of B7 family proteins was measured in cervical cancer cells. Cervical cancer cells were co-cultured with T lymphocytes. An ELISA assay was subsequently conducted to analyze cytokine concentrations in the supernatants of the cultured T cells in cervical cancer cells and B7-H1 downregulated cells. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA in mice injected with cervical cancer cells or B7-H1 downregulated cells were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was determined that cervical cancer cells express high levels of B7-H1, whereas the normal cervical epithelium does not express B7-H1. When co-cultured with T lymphocytes, cervical cancer cells were involved in the inhibition of lymphocyte activation. When B7-H1 was downregulated using a lentivirus, the proliferation ability did not change compared with cervical cancer cells, whereas the soluble factors secreted by T cells differed between cervical cancer cells and B7-H1 downregulated cells. In an animal model, injected B7-H1 downregulated cervical cancer cells elicited a more intense immune response, whereas cervical cancer cells had the wild immune response. Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrate that B7-H1 mediates the low immunogenicity of cervical cancer and is not attacked by the immune system.
3. Nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy in cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Phanida Jarruwale
2013-05-01
Full Text Available A new technique of extensive surgical intervention, namely nerve sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH, was introduced as one of the treatment options for early stage cervical cancer patients because cervical cancer patients suffer from postoperative complications following radical hysterectomy procedure. The step of nerve preservation can reduce postoperative complications, such as bladder or sexual dysfunction problems that occur after a traditional radical hysterectomy procedure. The surgical outcomes seem to be favorable and no serious morbidity was noted. However, further study of the nerve sparing technique is necessary to improve this surgical advantage in the future.
4. Gompertzian stochastic model with delay effect to cervical cancer growth
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mazlan, Mazma Syahidatul Ayuni binti; Rosli, Norhayati binti; Bahar, Arifah
2015-01-01
In this paper, a Gompertzian stochastic model with time delay is introduced to describe the cervical cancer growth. The parameters values of the mathematical model are estimated via Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method of non-linear least squares. We apply Milstein scheme for solving the stochastic model numerically. The efficiency of mathematical model is measured by comparing the simulated result and the clinical data of cervical cancer growth. Low values of Mean-Square Error (MSE) of Gompertzian stochastic model with delay effect indicate good fits
5. Gompertzian stochastic model with delay effect to cervical cancer growth
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mazlan, Mazma Syahidatul Ayuni binti; Rosli, Norhayati binti [Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang (Malaysia); Bahar, Arifah [Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor and UTM Centre for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (UTM-CIAM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia)
2015-02-03
In this paper, a Gompertzian stochastic model with time delay is introduced to describe the cervical cancer growth. The parameters values of the mathematical model are estimated via Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method of non-linear least squares. We apply Milstein scheme for solving the stochastic model numerically. The efficiency of mathematical model is measured by comparing the simulated result and the clinical data of cervical cancer growth. Low values of Mean-Square Error (MSE) of Gompertzian stochastic model with delay effect indicate good fits.
6. Sex, drugs, and politics: the HPV vaccine for cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Casper, Monica J; Carpenter, Laura M
2008-09-01
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. While most strains are relatively harmless, some increase a woman's risk of developing cervical cancer. This article explores the intimate, contested relationships among etiologies of cervical cancer, development and use of the new HPV vaccine, and contested notions of sexuality. We particularly focus on shifts in US health care and sexual politics, where the vaccine has animated longstanding concerns about vaccination (e.g. parental rights, cost, specialisation) and young women's bodies and behaviour. We conclude that vaccines are a distinctive kind of pharmaceutical, invoking notions of contagion and containment, and that politics shape every aspect of the pharmaceutical life course.
7. Disease-related needs of black patients with cervical cancer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
1992-09-01
Full Text Available The high incidence of cervical cancer amongst South African black women is complicated by late presentation for treatment as well as by misconceptions and ignorance which adversely affect the quality of their lives. The aim of the research was to determine the disease-related needs of patients suffering from cervical cancer which would serve as a basis for planning on providing for these needs. Needs for the following were identified: • Education on early detection in the community. • Education on nutrition and hygiene. • Information on and assistance in obtaining financial relief by means of subsidised transport and disability pensions.
8. WHY SHOULD WE PERFORM EXTENDED SURGERIES FOR CERVICAL CANCER?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
L. Ungar
2013-01-01
Full Text Available A surgical technique for the complete removal of the connective tissue content of the pelvis was introduced in 1993 to improve oncological outcome of the surgical treatment of operable cervical cancer by reducing the risk of recurrence from the pelvis. Our results suggest that complete excision of the connective tissue content of the pelvis provides equal or better survival chances without any adjuvant treatment for almost 90 % of operable stage IB cervical cancer patients than less radical surgery with or without adjuvant treatment.
9. HIV serostatus and tumor differentiation among patients with cervical cancer at Bugando Medical Centre
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Matovelo Dismas
2012-08-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Evidence for the association between Human immunodeficiency virus infection and cervical cancer has been contrasting, with some studies reporting increased risk of cervical cancer among HIV positive women while others report no association. Similar evidence from Tanzania is scarce as HIV seroprevalence among cervical cancer patients has not been rigorously evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between HIV and tumor differentiation among patients with cervical cancer at Bugando Medical Centre and Teaching Hospital in Mwanza, North-Western Tanzania. Methods This was a descriptive analytical study involving suspected cervical cancer patients seen at the gynaecology outpatient clinic and in the gynaecological ward from November 2010 to March 2011. Results A total of 91 suspected cervical cancer patients were seen during the study period and 74 patients were histologically confirmed with cervical cancer. The mean age of those confirmed of cervical cancer was 50.5 ± 12.5 years. Most patients (39 of the total 74–52.7% were in early disease stages (stages IA-IIA. HIV infection was diagnosed in 22 (29.7% patients. On average, HIV positive women with early cervical cancer disease had significantly more CD4+ cells than those with advanced disease (385.8 ± 170.4 95% CI 354.8-516.7 and 266.2 ± 87.5, 95% CI 213.3-319.0 respectively p = 0.042. In a binary logistic regression model, factors associated with HIV seropositivity were ever use of hormonal contraception (OR 5.79 95% CI 1.99-16.83 p = 0.001, aged over 50 years (OR 0.09 95% CI 0.02-0.36 p = 0.001, previous history of STI (OR 3.43 95% CI 1.10-10.80 p = 0.035 and multiple sexual partners OR 5.56 95% CI 1.18-26.25 p = 0.030. Of these factors, only ever use of hormonal contraception was associated with tumor cell differentiation (OR 0.16 95% CI 0.06-0.49 p = 0.001. HIV seropositivity was weakly associated with
10. [La protein expression in cervical cancer tissues and its clinical significance].
Science.gov (United States)
Chen, Kunlun; Wu, Yi; Li, Mu; Li, Lan; Gao, Yane; Gao, Qing
2013-07-01
To investigate the expression of La protein in cervical cancer tissues and explore its role in the occurrence and progression of cervical cancer. The expression of La protein in cervical cancer and normal cervical tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RNA interference technology was used to silence La protein expression in HeLa cells and the changes in cell proliferation, tumor sphere formation and cell cycles were investigated. The expression of La protein was significantly higher in cervical cancer tissues than in normal cervical tissues (61% vs 9%, PLa protein expression in HeLa cells caused significantly reduced the cell proliferation and lowered the tumor sphere formation rate from the control level of (17.1=1.92)% to (6.3=0.45)% (PLa can promote the development of cervical cancer and may play a critical role in the carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer.
11. Five Years' Experience Treating Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy: Results From a Single Institution
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Parker, Kate; Gallop-Evans, Eve; Hanna, Louise; Adams, Malcolm
2009-01-01
Purpose: To assess the clinical outcomes after concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) followed by high-dose-rate brachytherapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix and perform a multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors. Methods and Materials: The outcomes were analyzed for all women treated between 1999 and 2004 with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy and RT followed by high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for overall survival (OS), local control (LC), and distant control (DC). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to perform multivariate analysis of the prognostic variables. Results: The standard regimen comprised whole pelvic external RT 45 Gy in 25 fractions with concurrent weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m 2 , followed by four high-dose-rate brachytherapy insertions of 6 Gy. Patients with radiologically enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes underwent extended-field RT. Of 92 patients, the OS rate was 72% at 2 years and 55% at 5 years. The LC rate was 76% at 2 years and 67% at 5 years. The DC rate was 68% at 2 years and 48% at 5 years. The most important prognostic factor for OS, LC, and DC was the pretreatment hemoglobin. For OS, the tumor size and the presence of enlarged lymph nodes were also important. For LC, the number of brachytherapy insertions was important; and for DC, the number of chemotherapy treatments was important. Of the patients, 4% experienced late Grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Conclusion: The results of our study have shown that the regimen is effective, with acceptable long-term side effects. In this cohort, the most important prognostic factor was the pretreatment hemoglobin level, a disease-related factor. However, more effective systemic treatments are needed.
12. Illness Perception, Knowledge and Self-Care about Cervical Cancer
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Elisa Kern de Castro
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Prevention plays a central role in early detection of cervical cancer. Common Sense Model proposes that the nature and organization of illness representations can guide actions related to health and how self-care is exercised. The aim of this study was to describe and compare illness perception, knowledge and self-care in women with and without cancer precursor lesions. Participants were 92 women (aged 18-59 from primary care unity divided into two groups: women with and without premalignant lesion. Measures for illness perception, knowledge and self-care were used. There was no statistically significant difference (t test e chi-square test between groups in the variables analyzed. Despite the risk for cervical cancer, women with precursor lesions do not adjust their illness perceptions, knowledge and self-care to the situation. These data show the need to warn women against the cervical cancer risks, because their distorted perceptions and lack of knowledge about the disease may hamper the screening and control of cervical cancer.
13. Radiotherapy-induced vaginal fibrosis in cervical cancer survivors.
Science.gov (United States)
Hofsjö, Alexandra; Bohm-Starke, Nina; Blomgren, Bo; Jahren, Helen; Steineck, Gunnar; Bergmark, Karin
2017-05-01
14. Cervical cancer cells (HeLa) response to photodynamic therapy using a zinc phthalocyanine photosensitizer.
Science.gov (United States)
Hodgkinson, Natasha; Kruger, Cherie Ann; Mokwena, Mpho; Abrahamse, Heidi
2017-12-01
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Ruckdeschel, John
1999-01-01
... through screening, and the testing of methods to prevent cancer. In addition, the Center created and supports education programs to provide increased cancer awareness and established working collaborations with the James...
16. Cervical cancer: the route from signs and symptoms to treatment in South Africa.
Science.gov (United States)
van Schalkwyk, Susarie Louise; Maree, Johanna Elizabeth; Wright, Susanna Catharina Dreyer
2008-11-01
In South Africa, in 2005-06, 100% of primary health care clinics in South Africa had health professionals trained to conduct Pap smears, yet the screening rate was only 1.3% and one in 26 women develop cervical cancer during their lifetime. Many women admitted to oncology wards are at such an advanced stage of disease that palliation is the only treatment option left. The purpose of this qualitative study in 2007, using semi-structured interviews with 15 women with advanced cervical cancer, was to understand the routes they followed from first signs and symptoms of disease to receiving treatment. The willingness of the women to be diagnosed was a positive finding of the study. The women did seek treatment, often more than once, and were not solely responsible for presenting late. The average number of months from first contact with a health care professional until diagnosis was 17.3, ranging from 11.8 months for urban participants to 28.4 months for rural participants, and three to seven months from diagnosis to referral for treatment. Lack of knowledge and awareness among health care professionals resulted in a low suspicion of cancer and misdiagnosis. A national cervical cancer strategy, including health education and re-training of health professionals, should be made a priority.
17. Women’s perceived susceptibility to and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services in Malawi
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Melanie Y. Hami
2014-10-01
Full Text Available Background: Malawi provides cervical cancer screening services free of charge at some public health facilities. Few women make use of these cancer screening services in Malawi and many women continue to be diagnosed with cervical cancer only during the late inoperable stages of the condition. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to discover whether the perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, amongst Malawian women aged 42 and older, influenced their intentions to utilise the available free cervical cancer screening services. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted. Structured interviews were conducted with 381 women who visited 3 health centres in the Blantyre District of Malawi. Results: A statistically-significant association existed between women’s intentions to be screened for cervical cancer and their knowledge about cervical cancer (X² = 8.9; df = 1; p = 0.003 and with having heard about HPV infection (X² = 4.2; df = 1; p = 0.041 at the 5% significance level. Cervical cancer screening services are provided free of charge in government health institutions in Malawi. Nevertheless, low perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer amongst women, aged 42 and older, might contribute to limited utilisation of cervical screening services, explaining why 80% of cervical cancer patients in Malawi were diagnosed during the late inoperable stages. Conclusion: Malawian women lacked awareness regarding their susceptibility to cervical cancer and required information about the available cervical cancer screening services. Malawi’s women, aged 42 and older, must be informed about the advantages of cervical cancer screening and about the importance of effective treatment if an early diagnosis has been made. Women aged 42 and older rarely attend antenatal, post-natal, well baby or family-planning clinics, where health education about cervical cancer screening is often provided. Consequently, these women
18. Two cytological methods for screening for cervical cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kirschner, B.; Simonsen, K.; Junge, J.
2008-01-01
INTRODUCTION: Denmark has had an organized screening programme for cervical cancer since the 1960s. In spite of this, almost 150 Danish women die from the disease each year. There are currently two different methods for preparation of cervical samples: conventional Papanicolaou smear and liquid......-based cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2002, the Department of Pathology, Hvidovre Hospital changed over from the conventional Papanicolaou smear screening method to SurePath liquid-based cytology. This article is based on a retrospective comparison on data from the population screening programme for cervical...... cancer in the Municipality of Copenhagen. RESULTS: The number of tests with the diagnosis of "normal cells" decreased 1% after the conversion to liquid-based cytology, whilst the number of tests with "atypical cells" and "cells suspicious for malignancy" increased by 64.3% and 41.2% respectively...
19. Clinical feasibility of combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer employing MRI with a tandem/ring applicator in situ and virtual preplanning of the interstitial component
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fokdal, Lars; Tanderup, Kari; Hokland, Steffen Bjerre; Røhl, Lisbeth; Pedersen, Erik Morre; Nielsen, Søren Kynde; Paludan, Merete; Lindegaard, Jacob Christian
2013-01-01
Purpose: To investigate the reproducibility of virtually planned needles, changes in DVH parameters and clinical feasibility of combined intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) pulsed dose rate brachytherapy (PDR-BT) for locally advanced cervical cancer based on 3D MRI preplanning. Material and methods: Fifty-eight consecutively patients accrued in the EMBRACE study were included. Treatment was initiated with external beam radiotherapy and cisplatin. Three BT implants and MRI with the applicator in situ were performed in all patients, i.e. week 5 (BT0), week 6 (BT1) and week 7 (BT2) of the treatment. BT0 was only used for preplanning of subsequent implantations, whereas BT1 and BT2 comprised 2 equal sized fractions of PDR BT. Results: Based on BT0, 24 patients (41%) were selected for a combined IC/IS implant at BT1 and BT2. Patients treated with IC/IS BT had significantly larger tumours compared with patients treated with IC BT only (p < 0.03). Additional time in general anaesthesia for the IC/IS component was on average 16 min. The number of preplanned virtual needles was 5.3 ± 2.7 compared to 5.3 ± 2.9 and 5.4 ± 3.0 needles implanted at BT1 and BT2, respectively (p = 0.72). Planned needle implantation depth was 33 ± 15 mm compared to 30 ± 10 mm at BT1 and 29 ± 11 mm at BT2 (p = 0.04). In the 24 patients selected for IC/IS BT both the virtual IC/IS plan (BT0) and the actually delivered plan (BT1 + BT2) significantly increased D90 and D100 for HR CTV (p < 0.01) and reduced D2cc for sigmoid (p < 0.01) and bowel (p = 0.04) compared to the optimised IC preplan (BT0). IC/IS BT was only associated with minor morbidity, which was resolved at a 3-month follow up. Conclusion: Combined IC/IS BT based on full 3D MRI preplanning is clinically feasible. The virtual preplanned needle positions are reproducible at subsequent BT applications leading to significantly improved DVH parameters and a clinically feasible and fast implant procedure
20. Human Papilloma Virus 16 and 18 Association in Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions and Cervical Cancers by In Situ Hybridization
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Mohanty Manisa
2017-03-01
Full Text Available Objective: To correlate the association of high risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV 16, 18 in cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancers by in-situ hybridization (ISH technique. Study Group: Cervical biopsy and hysterectomy specimen of 78 young and adult women, attending Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, who were clinically or cytologically suspected of cervical intraepithelial lesion or cervical cancer were taken as source of target viral DNA. Material: Formalin 10% as fixative H & E stain as routine staining agent In-situ hybridization kit for HPV 16 and 18 DNA. Method: After following standard protocol for surgical grossing, HPV 16, 18 In-situ hybridization kit was used on paraffin embedded tissue sections. Results: The percentage of positive cases was highest in cervical cancer patients followed by cervical intraepithelial lesions, high grade, and low grade. Conclusion: This study has been carried out for the first in our state and our results show high degree of positivity of HPV 16/18 in females with cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancers attending our tertiary care hospital.
1. Human papillomavirus in cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer: One cause, two diseases.
Science.gov (United States)
Berman, Tara A; Schiller, John T
2017-06-15
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes greater than 5% of cancers worldwide, including all cervical cancers and an alarmingly increasing proportion of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs). Despite markedly reduced cervical cancer incidence in industrialized nations with organized screening programs, cervical cancer remains the second most common cause of death from cancer in women worldwide, as developing countries lack resources for universal, high-quality screening. In the United States, HPV-related OPC is only 1 of 5 cancers with a rising incidence since 1975 and now has taken over the cervix as the most common site of HPV-related cancer. Similar trends follow throughout North America and Europe. The need for early detection and prevention is paramount. Despite the common etiologic role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer and HPV-associated OPC, great disparity exists between incidence, screening modalities (or lack thereof), treatment, and prevention in these 2 very distinct cohorts. These differences in cervical cancer and HPV-associated OPC and their impact are discussed here. Cancer 2017;123:2219-2229. © 2017 American Cancer Society. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
2. Influences on uptake of reproductive health services in Nsangi community of Uganda and their implications for cervical cancer screening
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Mirembe Florence
2007-06-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the most common female cancer in Uganda. Over 80% of women diagnosed or referred with cervical cancer in Mulago national referral and teaching hospital have advanced disease. Plans are underway for systematic screening programmes based on visual inspection, as Pap smear screening is not feasible for this low resource country. Effectiveness of population screening programmes requires high uptake and for cervical cancer, minimal loss to follow up. Uganda has poor indicators of reproductive health (RH services uptake; 10% postnatal care attendance, 23% contraceptive prevalence, and 38% skilled attendance at delivery. For antenatal attendance, attendance to one visit is 90%, but less than 50% for completion of care, i.e. three or more visits. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using eight focus group discussions with a total of 82 participants (16 men, 46 women and 20 health workers. We aimed to better understand factors that influence usage of available reproductive health care services and how they would relate to cervical cancer screening, as well as identify feasible interventions to improve cervical cancer screening uptake. Results Barriers identified after framework analysis included ignorance about cervical cancer, cultural constructs/beliefs about the illness, economic factors, domestic gender power relations, alternative authoritative sources of reproductive health knowledge, and unfriendly health care services. We discuss how these findings may inform future planned screening programmes in the Ugandan context. Conclusion Knowledge about cervical cancer among Ugandan women is very low. For an effective cervical cancer-screening programme, awareness about cervical cancer needs to be increased. Health planners need to note the power of the various authoritative sources of reproductive health knowledge such as paternal aunts (Sengas and involve them in the awareness campaign. Cultural and economic
3. Autophagy regulates the stemness of cervical cancer stem cells
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Yang Y
2017-06-01
Full Text Available Yi Yang,1,2 Li Yu,1 Jin Li,1 Ya Hong Yuan,1 Xiao Li Wang,1 Shi Rong Yan,1 Dong Sheng Li,1 Yan Ding1 1Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, 2Reproductive Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Cancer stem cells (CSCs are a rare population of multipotent cells with the capacity to self-renew. It has been reported that there are CSCs in cervical cancer cells. Pluripotency-associated (PA transcription factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and CD44 have been used to isolate CSCs subpopulations. In this study, we showed that autophagy plays an important role in the biological behavior of cervical cancer cells. The expression of the autophagy protein Beclin 1 and LC3B was higher in tumorspheres established from human cervical cancers cell lines (and CaSki than in the parental adherent cells. It was also observed that the basal and starvation-induced autophagy flux was higher in tumorspheres than in the bulk population. Autophagy could regulate the expression level of PA proteins in cervical CSCs. In addition, CRISPR/Cas 9-mediated Beclin 1 knockout enhanced the malignancy of HeLa cells, leading to accumulation of PA proteins and promoted tumorsphere formation. Our findings suggest that autophagy modulates homeostasis of PA proteins, and Beclin 1 is critical for CSC maintenance and tumor development in nude mice. This demonstrates that a prosurvival autophagic pathway is critical for CSC maintenance. Keywords: cervical cancer, autophagy, cancer stem cell, LC3, Oct4
4. Immunologic treatments for precancerous lesions and uterine cervical cancer
Science.gov (United States)
2014-01-01
Development of HPV-associated cancers not only depends on efficient negative regulation of cell cycle control that supports the accumulation of genetic damage, but also relies on immune evasion that enable the virus to go undetected for long periods of time. In this way, HPV-related tumors usually present MHC class I down-regulation, impaired antigen-processing ability, avoidance of T-cell mediated killing, increased immunosuppression due to Treg infiltration and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines. Thus, these are the main obstacles that immunotherapy has to face in the treatment of HPV-related pathologies where a number of different strategies have been developed to overcome them including new adjuvants. Although antigen-specific immunotherapy induced by therapeutic HPV vaccines was proved extremely efficacious in pre-clinical models, its progression through clinical trials suffered poor responses in the initial trials. Later attempts seem to have been more promising, particularly against the well-defined precursors of cervical, anal or vulvar cancer, where the local immunosuppressive milieu is less active. This review focuses on the advances made in these fields, highlighting several new technologies (such as mRNA vaccine, plant-derived vaccine). The most promising immunotherapies used in clinical trials are also summarized, along with integrated strategies, particularly promising in controlling tumor metastasis and in eliminating cancer cells altogether. After the early promising clinical results, the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines need to be implemented and applied to the users in order to eradicate HPV-associated malignancies, eradicating existing perception (after the effectiveness of commercial preventive vaccines) that we have already solved the problem. PMID:24667138
5. Utilisation and outcomes of cervical cancer prevention services ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The proportion of women undergoing cervical cancer screening after HIV diagnosis at primary health clinics, demographic characteristics of women referred for colposcopy at a tertiary centre, and outcomes of therapy for precancerous lesions of the cervix. Results. The proportion of women undergoing at least one Pap ...
6. Acceptability of human papilloma virus vaccine and cervical cancer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
2012-07-14
Jul 14, 2012 ... first sexual exposure, and secondarily through screening and treatment of identified precancerous lesions. Aim: To determine the awareness and acceptability of the HPV vaccine and screening for cervical cancer among female health-care workers in Enugu, southeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: ...
7. Cervical Cancer: A Review of the Psychosocial Factors Following Treatment.
Science.gov (United States)
Gilliland, Kevin Clark
Cervical cancer is a diagnosis that has a profound psychosocial impact, constituting a physical and emotional crisis for patients as well as family. In general, research indicates that the choice of treatment and the stage of the disease are instrumental in determining the psychosocial adjustment. Disruptions are likely to occur in self-esteem,…
8. Acceptability of Cervical Cancer Screening in Rural Mozambique
Science.gov (United States)
Audet, Carolyn M.; Matos, Carla Silva; Blevins, Meridith; Cardoso, Aventina; Moon, Troy D.; Sidat, Mohsin
2012-01-01
In Zambezia province, Mozambique, cervical cancer (CC) screening was introduced to rural communities in 2010. Our study sought to determine whether women would accept screening via pelvic examination and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) at two clinical sites near the onset of a new CC screening program. A cross-sectional descriptive study…
9. Caudal epidural anesthesia during intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Isoyama-Shirakawa, Yuko; Abe, Madoka; Nakamura, Katsumasa
2015-01-01
It has been suggested that pain control during intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer is insufficient in most hospitals in Japan. Our hospital began using caudal epidural anesthesia during high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy in 2011. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively investigate the effects of caudal epidural anesthesia during HDR intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer patients. Caudal epidural anesthesia for 34 cervical cancer patients was performed during HDR intracavitary brachytherapy between October 2011 and August 2013. We used the patients' self-reported Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score at the first session of HDR intracavitary brachytherapy as a subjective evaluation of pain. We compared NRS scores of the patients with anesthesia with those of 30 patients who underwent HDR intracavitary brachytherapy without sacral epidural anesthesia at our hospital between May 2010 and August 2011. Caudal epidural anesthesia succeeded in 33 patients (97%), and the NRS score was recorded in 30 patients. The mean NRS score of the anesthesia group was 5.17 ± 2.97, significantly lower than that of the control group's 6.80 ± 2.59 (P = 0.035). The caudal epidural block resulted in no side-effects. Caudal epidural anesthesia is an effective and safe anesthesia option during HDR intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer. (author)
10. Hypoxia stimulates invasion and migration of human cervical cancer ...
Hao Xu
2017-07-25
Jul 25, 2017 ... cervical cancer cell lines invasion and migration are not yet clearly understood. Furthermore, and perhaps more importantly, tumour cells must survive in environmental conditions not present in normal tissue (Brown 1999). One of the most formidable barriers to their survival is hypoxia (Yoon et al. 2005).
11. Knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening among female ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cervical cancer is the commonest genital tract malignancies in the females and its burden is enormous, to the patient and her community. It is largely preventable or curable when detected at the very early stage through effective screening programme. Very poor clients' attendance has been noticed at the services provided ...
12. Cervical Cancer Awareness and Screening Uptake among Rural ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
femi oloka
Univariate and bivariate analyses were done with Statistical Package for Social. Sciences ... cervical cancer, 66.7% got the information from the media. Only a .... Overall, the impact on women, their families, and the communities in developing countries is devastating. If early detection of precursor lesions by screening and.
13. A Study on Knowledge and Screening for Cervical Cancer among ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Conclusions: Majority of women had poor knowledge. Mass media could be used to educate the women. There is a need to conduct community based study to know the practices of doctors and assess if they are educating and offering suggestions for screening. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Knowledge, Screening.
14. A Study on Knowledge and Screening for Cervical Cancer among ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Only 6 out of 83 women had undergone screening. Though women had come into contact with doctors earlier, they were neither educated about cervical cancer nor were they told about the screening. Whatever little knowledge the women had was obtained from mass media. Conclusions: Majority of women had poor ...
15. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of cervical cancer in ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
MJP
2015-08-21
existent in some provinces. However, Lubumbashi onset of cervical cancer of the uterus was observed earlier for respondents (30-45 years at 52.5%) and this seems to be linked to several risk factors including poor socio-economic ...
16. Acceptability of human papilloma virus vaccine and cervical cancer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Aim: To determine the awareness and acceptability of the HPV vaccine and screening for cervical cancer among female health-care workers in Enugu, southeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were administered to a cross-section of 177 female health-care workers selected systematically from the ...
17. Knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening among ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
McRoy
association between awareness and practice of cervical cancer screening amongst respondents. Overall, a greater proportion of the .... Ethical Committee of the Niger Delta. University. Inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study ..... physician/health (35.5%) accounting for the highest source of information amongst students.
18. a survey on drug related problems in cervical cancer patients
African Journals Online (AJOL)
userpc
Cisplatin/5FU/paclitaxel. 6. 9.23. 6. Seizure. Cisplatin. 2. 3.08. 7. Loss of hair. Cisplatin/5FU/Paclitaxel. 3. 4.62. 8. Nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin. 3. 4.62. 9. Hypotension. Paclitaxel. 3. 4.62. TOTAL. 65. 100. Table 3: Relationship between cervical cancer patients' factors and DRPs. Patients Factor. Drug Related Problems (DRPs).
19. Clinic visits and cervical cancer screening in Accra | Adanu | Ghana ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Methods: A representative sample of women in Accra, Ghana was interviewed and the clinical and demographic factors influencing cervical cancer screening was ... high socioeconomic status and a history over the past month of postmenopausal or intermenstrual bleeding significantly increased the odds of ever having a ...
20. Determinants of cervical cancer knowledge and the utilisation of ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Identified determinants of awareness of cervical cancer and pap smear were age, marital status and level of education while utilisation of the screening test depended on the first two factors. Conclusion: There is need for more intensive awareness campaign among market women and the general population, especially ...
1. Awareness and knowledge level of cervical cancer among women ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
This study assessed the awareness and knowledge level of cervical cancer among reproductive women in the Bolgatanga Municipality of the Upper East Region of Ghana. A structured question-naires was used to gather data from one hundred and fifty (150) women. The participants were re-cruited using the convenient ...
2. Cervical Cancer Screening in Enugu, Nigeria. | Chukwuali | Tropical ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Context: Though preventable by early detection and treatment of the pre-invasive stage, carcinoma of the cervix remains the commonest gynaecological malignancy in Nigeria and a leading cause of death among women. The preventive role of cervical cancer screening is directly related to the proportion of the population ...
3. [Use of oral contraceptives and increased risk of cervical cancer
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Schmeink, C.E.; Lenselink, C.H.; Bekkers, R.L.M.
2008-01-01
A recently published meta-analysis and a large cohort study showed independently that use of oral contraceptives (OC) leads to an increased relative risk (RR) of cervical cancer. This RR increased with the duration of OC use and was 1.90 after 5 years or more (95% CI: 1.69-2.13). The increased RR
4. Evaluation Of Cervical Cancer Screening Program At A Rural ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
But the condition is preventable through regular screening of women those are 'at risk\\' for abnormal changes in the cervix and treating them who have positive results. Although screening facilities are ... Keywords: Cervical cancer, Pap smear test, knowledge, practice, programme coverage. East African Journal of Public ...
5. The Need for Societal Investment to Improve Cervical Cancer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
USER
in reducing premature deaths of women at the prime of their productive lives. From a societal perspective ... compared to about 6,000 in 19802. Also, approximately 6,000 deaths were attributed to cervical cancer in 2010 compared to about 3,000 deaths in 19802. ... bear the cost for such lifesaving preventive and therapeutic ...
6. Effects of recombinant human nerve growth factor on cervical cancer
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Jane
2011-07-25
Jul 25, 2011 ... systems. However, the roles of NGF to cervical cancer remain deeply unknown. This study investigated the effect of recombinant human nerve growth factor ... In addition, the immune abilities of thymus and spleen were improved by rhNGF. Finally ... polypeptide neurotrophin, plays a crucial role in the life of.
7. Knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer and human ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer and human papillomavirus: A Nigerian pilot study. O Nnodu, L Erinosho, M Jamda, O Olaniyi, R Adelaiye, L Lawson, F Odedina, F Shuaibu, T Odumuh, N Isu, H Imam, O Owolabi, N Yaqub, A Zamani ...
8. Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins in human cervical cancer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Espinosa, Magali; Cantú, David; Herrera, Norma; Lopez, Carlos M; De la Garza, Jaime G; Maldonado, Vilma; Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge
2006-01-01
It has been shown that IAPs, in particular XIAP, survivin and c-IAP1, are overexpressed in several malignancies. In the present study we investigate the expression of c-IAP1, c-IAP2, XIAP and survivin and its isoforms in cervical cancer. We used semiquantitative RT-PCR assays to analyze 41 cancer and 6 normal tissues. The study included 8 stage I cases; 16 stage II; 17 stageIII; and a control group of 6 samples of normal cervical squamous epithelial tissue. c-IAP2 and XIAP mRNA levels were similar among the samples, cervical tumors had lower c-IAP1 mRNA levels. Unexpectedly, a clear positive association was found between low levels of XIAP and disease relapse. A log-rank test showed a significant inverse association (p = 0.02) between XIAP expression and tumor aggressiveness, as indicated by disease relapse rates. There were no statistically significant differences in the presence or expression levels of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 among any of the clinical variables studied. Survivin and its isoforms were undetectable in normal cervical tissues, in contrast with the clear upregulation observed in cancer samples. We found no association between survivin expression and age, clinical stage, histology or menopausal state. Nevertheless, we found that adenocarcinoma tumors expressed higher levels of survivin 2B and DeltaEx3 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.04 respectively, by Kruskal-Wallis). A multivariate Cox's partial likelihood-based analysis showed that only FIGO stage was an independent predictor of outcome. There are no differences in the expression of c-IAP2 and XIAP between normal vs. cancer samples, but XIAP expression correlate in cervical cancer with relapse of this disease in the patients. Otherwise, c-IAP1 was downregulated in the cervical cancer samples. The expression of survivin was upregulated in the patients with cervical cancer. We have found that adenocarcinoma presented higher levels of survivin isoforms 2B and DeltaEx3
9. A Population-based Study of Invasive Cervical Cancer Patients in Beijing: 1993-2008
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tong Wang
2015-01-01
.7%, respectively. The percentage of patients with stage I was 7.6% (13/171 in 1993-1996, but the percentage increased to 51.6% (643/1247 in 2005-2008 (P < 0.01. Otherwise the percentage of advanced stage (stage III-IV during the same period was dropped down significantly from 52.0% (89/171 to 22.5% (280/1247 (P < 0.01. Unemployed and housewife ranked first accounting for 27.3% of the total (607/2224. Urban low-income people such as worker ranked the second accounting for 17.0% (377/2224, the third place was farmer accounting for 14.0% (312/2224. Only 381 (17.1%, 381/2224 women in 2224 were first detected cervical cancer by routine screenings. Company staff (36.5%, 139/381, professional and technical personnel (22.6%, 86/381, national official (22.0%, 84/381 occupied the top three (total 81.1% in the 381 patients detected cervical cancer by screening. Conclusions: The cervical cancer incidence has showed a continuous rise in Beijing since 1999. Government-led mass screening should target the low socioeconomic population primarily. Meanwhile the government should enhance public health education of cancer screening to increase the rate of screening.
10. Determinants of a GP visit and cervical cancer screening examination in Great Britain.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alexander Michael Labeit
Full Text Available In the UK, women are requested to attend a cervical cancer test every 3 years as part of the NHS Cervical Screening Programme. This analysis compares the determinants of a cervical cancer screening examination with the determinants of a GP visit in the same year and investigates if cervical cancer screening participation is more likely for women who visit their GP.A recursive probit model was used to analyse the determinants of GP visits and cervical cancer screening examinations. GP visits were considered to be endogenous in the cervical cancer screening examination. The analysed sample consisted of 52,551 observations from 8,386 women of the British Household Panel Survey.The analysis showed that a higher education level and a worsening self-perceived health status increased the probability of a GP visit, whereas smoking decreased the probability of a GP visit. GP visits enhanced the uptake of a cervical cancer screening examination in the same period. The only variables which had the same positive effect on both dependent variables were higher education and living with a partner. The probability of a cervical cancer screening examination increased also with previous cervical cancer screening examinations and being in the recommended age groups. All other variables had different results for the uptake of a GP visit or a cervical cancer screening examination.Most of the determinants of visiting a GP and cervical cancer screening examination differ from each other and a GP visit enhances the uptake of a smear test.
11. Evaluation of Cervicography Screening for Cervical Cancer in a High Risk Population
Science.gov (United States)
2000-02-16
cervicography in cervical screening. lnt J Gynecol Cancer 1993~ 3:395-398. 16. Urdaneta H. Detecci6n de patologia cervical no diagnosticada por citologia...cervical screening. lnt J Gynecol Cancer 1993; 3:395-398. 24 Urdaneta H. Detecci6n de patologia cen,-ical no diagnosticada por citologia vaginal
12. Current research into novel therapeutic vaccines against cervical cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Cordeiro, Marcelo Nazário; De Lima, Rita de Cássia Pereira; Paolini, Francesca; Melo, Alanne Rayssa da Silva; Campos, Ana Paula Ferreira; Venuti, Aldo; De Freitas, Antonio Carlos
2018-03-13
Cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are well-known outcomes of a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Viral oncogenes expressions like E6, E7, and, recently recognized E5, lead to HPV-related malignant progression. Although HPV prevention by powerful vaccines against most frequent and oncogenic genotypes is feasible, current treatment against cervical neoplasia is distant from an ideal one. In addition, late diagnosis is commonly associated with a poor prognosis. On top of that, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or surgery are less effective in high-grade lesions. Areas covered: Due to their peculiarities, HPV oncogenes represent an excellent target for cancer immunotherapy. Safety, efficacy, and potential immunogenicity are features achieved by DNA vaccines targeting HPV. The literature search has indicated that genetic immunotherapy is becoming a pharmacological tool and therapeutic option against cervical disease, as more and more DNA vaccines are reaching clinical trial phases. Expert commentary: Among some of the promising results, a phase II randomized trial showed a clinical activity of a nucleic acid-based vaccine in HPV16 or HPV18 positive CIN patients. The concept of a synergic combination of anti-HPV DNA vaccines with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, sophisticated delivery methods, immunomodulators or immune adjuvants opens a new and interesting perspective in cervical malignancy treatment.
13. Human papillomavirus genotypes associated with mucopurulent cervicitis and cervical cancer in Hangzhou, China.
Science.gov (United States)
Shen, Xing-Hang; Liu, Shu-Hua
2013-01-01
To investigate the infection status and predominant genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among Chinese patients with mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC) or cervical cancer (CC) in Hangzhou. Initially, 217 cases of healthy cervix controls (n=50), acute MPC (n=89), and CC (n=78) were included; samples were collected between January 1, 2010, and January 30, 2013. Cervical specimens were screened for HPV using a nested polymerase chain reaction assay and DNA sequencing. Overall prevalence of HPV infection was 16.7% in the control group, 51.9% in the MPC group, and 84.4% in the CC group. The predominant genotype detected in all 3 groups was the oncogenic variant HPV 16 (55.8%, 17.3%, and 6.3% in the CC, MPC and control specimens, respectively), HPV58 was the second most predominant HPV type in CC (9.1%), MPC (8.6%), and control group (4.2%). Most or all of the genotypes were oncogenic in the three groups. Infection with HPV was found to be prevalent among Chinese women with MPC or CC and oncogenic variants were in the majority. Therefore, peoples who suffered MPC with HPV DNA positive should be regularly followed-up, for prevention and early treatment of cervical cancer.
14. ACOG Recommendations and Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening and Management
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
2009-10-15
Dr. Alan Waxman, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of New Mexico and chair of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) committee for the underserved, talks about ACOG's recommendations for cervical cancer screening and management. Created: 10/15/2009 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC). Date Released: 6/9/2010.
15. [New guidelines in regard to cervical cancer screening].
Science.gov (United States)
Vargas-Hernández, Víctor Manuel; Acosta-Altamirano, Gustavo; Moreno-Eutimio, Mario Adán; Vargas-Aguilar, Víctor Manuel
2014-01-01
Cancer screening programs have been successful in reducing the incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer. For more than a decade, the human papillomavirus test has been recommended as part of these programs, however, Pap tests is not currently recommended for women 65 years of age who participated adequately in screening programs, continuing with these screening programs is not needed. Screening programs will be different in special populations at greatest risk where tests are frequently needed or use of alternative methods.
16. Cytokine profile of cervical cancer cells
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Hazelbag, S.; Fleuren, G. J.; Baelde, J. J.; Schuuring, E.; Kenter, G. G.; Gorter, A.
2001-01-01
OBJECTIVE: In patients with cervical carcinoma, the presence of cytokines produced by T(H)2 cells, and the presence of an eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate, has been associated with a less effective immune response and tumor progression. In the present study, we have investigated the cytokine
17. Cytokine profile of cervical cancer cells
NARCIS (Netherlands)
Hazelbag, S; Fleuren, GJ; Baelde, JJ; Schuuring, E; Kenter, GG; Gorter, A
2001-01-01
Objective. In patients with cervical carcinoma, the presence of cytokines produced by T(H)2 cells, and the presence of an eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate, has been associated with a less effective immune response and tumor progression. In the present study, we have investigated the cytokine
18. Clinicopathological analysis of cervical cancer seen in a tertiary health facility in Nnewi, south-east Nigeria.
Science.gov (United States)
Ikechebelu, J I; Onyiaorah, I V; Ugboaja, J O; Anyiam, D C D; Eleje, G U
2010-04-01
Cervical cancer remains the commonest gynaecological cancer among women in the developing countries. The records of all the histologically confirmed cervical cancer patients managed in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, over a 5 year period were analysed for the clinical presentation and histological pattern of the malignancy. A total of 75 cases of cervical cancer were managed over the period giving an incidence of 65.2% of all gynaecological cancers and 13.4% of all gynaecological admissions. The majority of the patients were grandmultiparous women (81.3%) with a mean parity of 6.8. The modal age range was 60-69 years (38.7%) and the majority (94.7%) of the patients belonged to the low socioeconomic class. Squamous cell carcinoma of varying differentiation (89.3%) was the commonest histological type seen and adenocarcinoma accounted for only 8.0%. The common clinical features were post-menopausal bleeding (84.0%), vaginal discharge (72.0%), contact bleeding (63.9%) and abdominal pain (56.2%). Most (89.3%) of the patients presented late, in advanced stages of the disease, and almost all (97.3%) were referred for radiotherapy. The incidence of cervical cancer is high in our environment. Community sensitisation and provision of free cervical screening is recommended for early detection and treatment.
19. Breast and cervical cancer screening disparities associated with disability severity.
Science.gov (United States)
Horner-Johnson, Willi; Dobbertin, Konrad; Andresen, Elena M; Iezzoni, Lisa I
2014-01-01
20. Predictors of cervical lymph node metastasis in salivary gland cancer.
Science.gov (United States)
Ettl, Tobias; Gosau, Martin; Brockhoff, Gero; Schwarz-Furlan, Stephan; Agaimy, Abbas; Reichert, Torsten E; Rohrmeier, Christian; Zenk, Johannes; Iro, Heinrich
2014-04-01
This study compares clinicopathological parameters with novel molecular markers for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in salivary gland cancer. Three hundred sixteen salivary gland carcinomas were included in this study. Genomic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chi-square tests, multivariate regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for statistics. Nodal staging determines long-term survival. Clinicopathological parameters associated with positive neck nodes are advanced age (p = .006), T3/T4 classification, histological high-grade malignancy, and diagnosis of salivary duct carcinoma (p < .001 each). Neck node metastases also correlate with copy number gain of EGFR (p = .004) and HER2, aberration of MET, and deletion of PTEN (p < .001 each). Multivariate analysis showed SDC (p = .002) to be the strongest predictor of lymph node metastasis, followed by MET aberration (p = .009), T3/T4 classification (p = .017), PTEN deletion (p = .042), and adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS; p = .047). The histological subtype is crucial for decisions regarding neck dissection. New molecular parameters may also indicate elective treatment of the neck. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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https://byjus.com/physics/stress/
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# Stress - Definition And Types
In physics, Stress is the force acting on the unit area of a material. Effect of stress on a body is named as strain. Stress can deform the body. How much force material experience can be measured using stress units. Stress can be categorised into three categories depending upon the direction of the deforming forces acting on the body. Let us study them one by one.
## What is Stress?
When the deforming force is applied to an object. The object deforms. In order to bring the object back to the original shape and size, there will be an opposing force generated inside the object.
This restoring force will be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the applied deforming force. The measure of this restoring force generated per unit area of the material is called Stress.
Thus, Stress is defined as “The restoring force per unit area of the material”. It is a tensor quantity. Denoted by Greek letter σ. Measured using Pascal or N/m2. Mathematically expressed as –
$\sigma =\frac{F}{A}$
Where,
• F is the restoring force measured in Newton or N.
• A is the area of cross section measured in m2.
• σ is the stress measured using N/m2 or Pa.
## Stress Units
Stress can be expressed using multiple units. Refer to the table given below for Stress units.
System of units Stress units Fundamental units Kg.m-1.s-2 SI (derived units) N.m2 SI (derived units) Pa or pascal SI (mm)(derived units) M.Pa or N/(mm)2 US unit (ft) lbf/ft2 US unit (inch) Psi (lbf/inch2)
## Types of Stress
There are several different types of stress in physics but mainly it is categorized into two forms that are Normal Stress and Tangential or Shearing Stress. Some stress types are discussed in the points below.
## Normal Stress:
As the name suggests, Stress is said to be Normal stress when the direction of the deforming force is perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of the body. The length of the wire or the volume of the body changes stress will be at normal. Normal stress can be further classified into two types based on the dimension of force-
• Longitudinal stress
• Bulk Stress or Volumetric stress
## Longitudinal Stress:
Consider a cylinder. When two cross-sectional areas of the cylinder are subjected to equal and opposite forces the stress experienced by the cylinder is called longitudinal stress.
Longitudinal Stress = Deforming Force / Area of cross section = F/A
As the name suggests, When the body is under longitudinal stress-
• The deforming force will be acting along the length of the body.
• Longitudinal stress results in the change in the length of the body, Hence thereby it affects slight change in diameter.
The Longitudinal Stress either stretch the object or compress the object along its length. Thus it can be further classified into two types based on the direction of deforming force-
• Tensile stress
• Compressive stress
### Tensile Stress
If the deforming force or applied force results in the increase in the object’s length then the resulting stress is termed as tensile stress. For example: When a rod or wire is stretched by pulling it with equal and opposite forces(outwards) at both ends.
### Compressive Stress
If the deforming force or applied force results in the decrease in the object’s length then the resulting stress is termed as compressive stress. For example: When a rod or wire is compressed/squeezed by pushing it with equal and opposite forces(inwards) at both ends.
## Bulk Stress or Volume Stress
When the deforming force or applied force acts from all dimension resulting in the change of volume of the object then such stress in called volumetric stress or Bulk stress. In short, When the volume of body changes due to the deforming force it is termed as Volume stress.
## Shearing Stress or Tangential Stress
When the direction of the deforming force or external force is parallel to the cross-sectional area, the stress experienced by the object is called shearing stress or tangential stress. This results in the change in the shape of the body
## Summary
In short, stress can be visualised as –
## Practice Questions For Stress
Q1: What is Stress?
Ans: Stress is the measure of restoring force per unit area.
Q2:What is the unit of Stress?
Ans: units of stress is pascal or N/m2.
Q3: Is stress is a vector quantity?
Ans: Yes.
Stress is a vector quantity.
Q4: What is the effect of deforming force?
Ans: The deforming force can change the shape or volume or size of the object.
Q5: What is the direction of the deforming force in the case of shearing stress?
Ans: The deforming force is parallel to the area of cross-section.
Q6: What is the nature of the restoring force?
Ans: The restoring force is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to deforming force or external force.
Q7: Name the types of normal stress.
Ans: Longitudinal stress and bulk or volume stress are two types of normal stress.
Q8: What is the direction of the deforming force in the case of longitudinal stress?
Ans: The deforming force is perpendicular to the area of cross-section.
Q9: Name the types of longitudinal stress.
Ans: Tensile stress and compressive stress are the two types of longitudinal stress.
Q10: Define longitudinal stress.
Ans: Stress experienced by an object along its length due to the presence of equal and opposite deforming forces perpendicular to the area of cross section is called longitudinal stress.
Q11: What does Bulk stress do to an object?
Ans: Bulk stress results in a change in the volume of the object.
Q12:What does tangential stress do to an object?
Ans: Tangential stress results in a change in the shape of the object.
Q13: Define tangential or shear stress
Ans: When the direction of the deforming force or external force is parallel to the cross-sectional area, the stress experienced by the object is called shearing stress or tangential stress.
Q14: Give the expression for stress and explain the terms.
Ans: The expression for stress is given by $\sigma =\frac{F}{A}$
Where,
• F is the restoring force.
• A is the area of cross-section.
• σ is the stress.
Q15:A rod is stretched by pulling at both the ends. Name the type of stress experienced by the rod.
Ans: Tensile stress.
Hope you have understood about Stress by learning what is stress? It’s formula, Stress units, Types of stress like- Normal stress, shear stress or tangential stress, longitudinal stress, bulk stress or volume stress, tensile stress, compressive stress.
Physics Related Topics:
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#### 1 Comment
1. Haseena
Good nice points easy to Learn useful
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2559875/?tool=pubmed
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BMC Genomics. 2008; 9(Suppl 2): S11.
Published online Sep 16, 2008.
PMCID: PMC2559875
# ILOOP – a web application for two-channel microarray interwoven loop design
## Abstract
Microarray technology is widely applied to address complex scientific questions. However, there remain fundamental issues on how to design experiments to ensure that the resulting data enables robust statistical analysis. Interwoven loop design has several advantages over other designs. However it suffers in the complexity of design. We have implemented an online web application which allows users to find optimal loop designs for two-color microarray experiments. Given a number of conditions (such as treatments or time points) and replicates, the application will find the best possible design of the experiment and output experimental parameters. It is freely available from http://mcbc.usm.edu/iloop.
## Background
Microarray technology is now widely used to address complex scientific questions and for studies of gene interactions. However, it is associated with a number of technical challenges. The high cost of microarrays plus the complex logistical issues associated with microarray studies, often require that compromises must be made in the number of samples analyzed. Replication of data is a fundamental and widely appreciated principle of design that is often sacrificed. Microarray users now acknowledge that "replication" means different things in the microarray context [1-3]. "Replication" might refer to (A) Spotting genes multiple times per array; (B) Hybridizing multiple arrays to the same RNA samples; and (C) Using multiple individuals of a certain variety or type. Replication types (A) and (B) are sometimes referred to as technical replication while type (C) represents biological replication in the classical statistical sense. Biological replicates can assess biological variability, which is essential, for instance, to surmise that the mean expression of a gene differs in two populations [4]. Three layers can be considered in a design of a two-color microarray experiment. Experimental units are at the top layer of the experiment, two RNA samples obtained from each unit are in the middle layer, and the arrangement of array elements on the slides would be placed at the bottom layer of the experiment [5].
Certain decisions as to how many microarray slides will be used and which mRNA samples will be hybridized to each slide must be made in preparation of mRNA samples before carrying out a microarray experiment [6,7]. Kerr and Churchill [2] and Glonek and Solomon [8] suggested efficient designs for some common microarray experiments. The most commonly used design is the reference design (Figure 1-A). In this design, each condition of interest is compared with samples taken from a standard reference. This design allows an indirect comparison between the conditions, because the reference is common to all of the arrays. In contrast, a loop design (Figure 1-B) compares two conditions via a chain of other conditions or multiple-pairwise (interwoven loop) fashion [9,10].
Combination of varieties with dyes for the reference (A) vs. loop design (B).
The computation of variance in a loop design depends on the design and the number of samples. In the loop design, each sample is compared directly with other samples in a multiple-pairwise (circular) way. Most studies on microarray design suggest that the loop design of microarray experiments is more efficient than the reference design [11-13]. This approach has stronger statistical power than the reference design. Also, the entire dataset produced in a loop design is useful experimental information, while half the data produced in a reference design experiment is redundant.
In a cDNA microarray experiment, the foreground red and green intensities can be considered as Rf and Gf for each spot and the background intensities Rb and Gb. The background-corrected intensities will be R and G where R = Rf-Rb and G = Gf-Gb. M and A can be calculated as M = log R/G and A = 1/2 log RG. It is convenient to use base 2 logarithms for M and A so that M is units of 2-fold change. On this scale, M = 0 represents equal expression, M = 1 represents a 2-fold change between the RNA samples, M = 2 represents a 4-fold change, and so on. If treatment A is on array 1 and treatment B is on array 2, the contrast A-B is estimated by Mi1 - Mi2 with variance 4$σiε2$. With k replicates, the estimated contrast would have variance 4$σiε2$/k [14-17].
In loop design, using the optimal weighting, the variance of the contrast between adjacent treatments is $σiε2+σia2σiε2/2(σia2+σiε2)$ while the variance of the contrast between diagonally opposite treatments is $σiε2+σia2σiε2/(σia2+σiε2)$. Comparing these variances with variance of the contrast from a reference design with K replicates, $2σiε2/k+2σia2σiε2/k(σia2+σiε2)$, it is clear that both of these variances in loop design are smaller than the variance of the contrast from a reference design with the same number of conditions and arrays, primarily because there are two replicates per sample, rather than one [17]. However one disadvantage of this method is that ratios observed across different pairwise comparisons are not immediately comparable and visualizations are more difficult [18,19].
Kerr and Churchill [2] noticed that a loop design stops being optimal when there are more than eight conditions. Therefore it has been suggested that the optimal design could be a form of an interwoven loop design. Figure Figure22 shows an example of interwoven loop design for an experiment with nine conditions (or time points) and 18 array slides [2,9,10].
An example interwoven loop design with 18 arrays and 9 conditions.
Wit et al. [20] have developed an optimization algorithm that searches for the loop design which minimizes the A-optimality criterion. This is in fact an interwoven design. The interwoven design guarantees that each condition is measured equally often by either dye [21]. The Wit et al. optimization algorithm in fact allows one to input the number of conditions and the number of arrays one can afford to hybridize.
Currently biologists take a considerable amount of time to develop loop designs manually and the final design may not be optimized. To date there is no available tool for biologists to automatically design and visualize the interwoven loop for a microarray experiment. Development of such a tool will permit biologist to quickly generate different array hybridization loops, compare the cost and experiment design and efficiently design microarray studies so that robust statistical conclusion can be made.
## Implementation
Here we calculate the most optimal loop by considering the number of replicates and conditions. The main point is to generate an optimal number of arrays based on combination of conditions and replicates for two-dye microarray experiment.
The web application has been developed using PHP language on an open source Apache web server. It is freely available from http://mcbc.usm.edu/iloop (Figure (Figure33).
The web application screenshot.
Given a number of conditions (treatments/timepoints) and replicates, the program generates the optimal interwoven loop design. The start menu has two drop boxes, one for "Number of Conditions" and another for "Number of Replicates". By selecting the number of conditions and replicates, the application generates an experiment design matrix table (Figure (Figure44 and and5).5). The following pseudo code represents the algorithm used for array construction from the experiment design matrix table:
A screenshot of optimal interwoven loop table and graph.
The experiment design matrix table.
Where c is the number of conditions and t is the total number of required sample (conditions × replicates).
In Figure Figure5,5, table cells represent a sample of the replicate with the corresponding condition. Here all cells are editable and user is able to change the condition and/or replicate's name. The application generates a visualization of optimal interwoven loop table and graph (Figure (Figure4).4). The total number of required samples as well as the total number of required arrays is calculated. Any two spots connected with arrow in the graph in Figure Figure44 represent an array combined from red to green channel.
As an example figure figure44 shows a screenshot of an optimal interwoven loop table and graph. In this case with 3 conditions and 4 biological replicates, the application calculates the total number of required samples, 12, and the total number of required arrays would be 24. A similar experiment with the reference design would require 24 arrays. However the loop design creates 4 technical replicates per sample and samples are always hybridized to different samples (biological replicates).
## Application
We evaluated the utility of the design application using a microarray designed to study the effect of chemical toxicity on earthworm [22]. Earthworms were exposed to three different concentration of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene). We used five biological replicates for each exposure. The application produced an optimal design of 40 arrays derived from 20 cDNA probes in accordance with an interwoven loop scheme as shown in Figure Figure6.6. cDNA samples from each biological replicate were labeled twice with a green channel fluorescence dye (Cy3) and twice with a red fluorescence channel dye (Alexa 647).
An interwoven loop hybridization schemes for 4 treatments with 5 independent biological replicates. Circles represent treatment samples. Sample code: 0.x = replicate × of solvent control worms; 1.x = replicate × of 10.6 mg TNT/kg soil ...
The hybridization experimental design tool proved simple to use and facilitated execution of the complex sample pairing required by this approach. A similar reference design would require 80 arrays to achieve 5 biological replicates over 4 conditions with 4 technical replicates compared to 40 required arrays in the optimal loop design in this experiment.
## Discussion
The main significance of this paper is introduction of a web application that implements loop design for microarray experiment. To date no online application has been available to achieve this goal. Such designs should be analyzed by treating the arrays as blocks of size 2 and analyzing the channels as individual observations.
Our web application will allow scientists to design and graph the optimal interwoven loop faster. They can quickly select the number of conditions and replicates and weight the number of samples and arrays in order to minimize the cost and complexity of the experiment as well as maximizing the efficiency of the experiment.
## Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
## Authors' contributions
MP and YD initiated the study. MP and YD designed and implemented the application, web server configuration and web application programming. PG and EJP provided the data. MP, YD, PG, and EJP drafted the original manuscript. YD, PG, JY, MY and EJP coordinated and directed the project. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
## Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Mississippi Computational Biology Consortium (NSF EPS-0556308), Army Environmental Quality Program of the US Army Corps of Engineers (under contract #W912HZ-05-P-0145) and the Mississippi Functional Genomics Network (DHHS/NIH/NCRR Grant# 2P20RR016476-04). Permission to publish this information was granted by the Chief of Engineers.
This article has been published as part of BMC Genomics Volume 9 Supplement 2, 2008: IEEE 7th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering at Harvard Medical School. The full contents of the supplement are available online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9?issue=S2
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• Churchill GA. Fundamentals of experimental design for cDNA microarrays. Nat Genet. 2002;32:490–495. [PubMed]
• Wit E, McClure J. Statistical adjustment of signal censoring in gene expression experiments. Bioinformatics. 2003;19:1055–1060. [PubMed]
• Peng X, Wood CL, Blalock EM, Chen KC, Landfield PW, Stromberg AJ. Statistical implications of pooling RNA samples for microarray experiments. BMC Bioinformatics. 2003;4:26. [PubMed]
• Glonek GF, Solomon PJ. Factorial and time course designs for cDNA microarray experiments. Biostatistics. 2004;5:89–111. [PubMed]
• Vinciotti V, Khanin R, D'Alimonte D, Liu X, Cattini N, Hotchkiss G, Bucca G, de Jesus O, Rasaiyaah J, Smith CP, et al. An experimental evaluation of a loop versus a reference design for two-channel microarrays. Bioinformatics. 2005;21:492–501. [PubMed]
• Kerr MK, Churchill GA. Statistical design and the analysis of gene expression microarray data. Genet Res. 2001;77:123–128. [PubMed]
• Oleksiak MF, Churchill GA, Crawford DL. Variation in gene expression within and among natural populations. Nat Genet. 2002;32:261–266. [PubMed]
• Rosa GJ, de Leon N, Rosa AJ. Review of microarray experimental design strategies for genetical genomics studies. Physiol Genomics. 2006;28:15–23. [PubMed]
• Bueno Filho JS, Gilmour SG, Rosa GJ. Design of microarray experiments for genetical genomics studies. Genetics. 2006;174:945–957. [PubMed]
• Tempelman RJ. Assessing statistical precision, power, and robustness of alternative experimental designs for two color microarray platforms based on mixed effects models. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2005;105:175–186. [PubMed]
• Chen YA, McKillen DJ, Wu S, Jenny MJ, Chapman R, Gross PS, Warr GW, Almeida JS. Optimal cDNA microarray design using expressed sequence tags for organisms with limited genomic information. BMC Bioinformatics. 2004;5:191. [PubMed]
• McKillen DJ, Chen YA, Chen C, Jenny MJ, Trent HF, 3rd, Robalino J, McLean DC, Jr, Gross PS, Chapman RW, Warr GW, et al. Marine genomics: a clearing-house for genomic and transcriptomic data of marine organisms. BMC Genomics. 2005;6:34. [PubMed]
• Altman NS, Hua J. Extending the loop design for two-channel microarray experiments. Genet Res. 2006;88:153–163. [PubMed]
• Bolstad BM, Collin F, Simpson KM, Irizarry RA, Speed TP. Experimental design and low-level analysis of microarray data. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2004;60:25–58. [PubMed]
• Landgrebe J, Bretz F, Brunner E. Efficient two-sample designs for microarray experiments with biological replications. In Silico Biol. 2004;4:461–470. [PubMed]
• Khanin R, Wit E. Design of large time-course microarray experiments with two channels. Appl Bioinformatics. 2005;4:253–261. [PubMed]
• Cui X, Churchill GA. Statistical tests for differential expression in cDNA microarray experiments. Genome Biol. 2003;4:210. [PubMed]
• Gong P, Guan X, Inouye LS, Pirooznia M, Indest KJ, Athow RS, Deng Y, Perkins EJ. Toxicogenomic analysis provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of the sublethal toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in Eisenia fetida. Environ Sci Technol. 2007;41:8195–8202. [PubMed]
Articles from BMC Genomics are provided here courtesy of BioMed Central
## Formats:
### Related citations in PubMed
See reviews...See all...
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|
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|
https://docs.nebula-graph.io/2.5.1/3.ngql-guide/8.clauses-and-options/limit/
|
# LIMIT AND SKIP¶
The LIMIT clause constrains the number of rows in the output.
• Native nGQL: A pipe | must be used. And an offset can be ignored.
• OpenCypher style: No pipes are permitted. And you can use SKIP to indicate an offset.
Note
When using LIMIT in either syntax above, it is important to use an ORDER BY clause that constrains the output into a unique order. Otherwise, you will get an unpredictable subset of the output.
## Native nGQL syntax¶
In native nGQL, LIMIT works the same as in SQL, and must be used with pipe |. The LIMIT clause accepts one or two parameters. The values of both arguments must be non-negative integers.
YIELD <var>
[| LIMIT [<offset_value>,] <number_rows>];
Parameter Description
var The columns or calculations that you wish to sort.
offset_value The offset value. It defines from which row to start returning. The offset starts from 0. The default value is 0, which returns from the first row.
number_rows It constrains the total number of returned rows.
### Examples¶
# The following example returns the 3 rows of data starting from the second row of the sorted output.
nebula> GO FROM "player100" OVER follow REVERSELY \
YIELD $$.player.name AS Friend,$$.player.age AS Age \
| ORDER BY $-.Age,$-.Friend \
| LIMIT 1, 3;
+-------------------+-----+
| Friend | Age |
+-------------------+-----+
| "Danny Green" | 31 |
+-------------------+-----+
| "Aron Baynes" | 32 |
+-------------------+-----+
| "Marco Belinelli" | 32 |
+-------------------+-----+
## OpenCypher syntax¶
RETURN <var>
[SKIP <offset>]
[LIMIT <number_rows>];
Parameter Description
var The columns or calculations that you wish to sort.
offset The offset value. It defines from which row to start returning. The offset starts from 0. The default value is 0, which returns from the first row.
number_rows It constrains the total number of returned rows.
Both offset and number_rows accept expressions, but the result of the expression must be a non-negative integer.
Note
Fraction expressions composed of two integers are automatically floored to integers. For example, 8/6 is floored to 1.
### Examples¶
nebula> MATCH (v:player) RETURN v.name AS Name, v.age AS Age \
ORDER BY Age LIMIT 5;
+-------------------------+-----+
| Name | Age |
+-------------------------+-----+
| "Luka Doncic" | 20 |
+-------------------------+-----+
| "Ben Simmons" | 22 |
+-------------------------+-----+
| "Kristaps Porzingis" | 23 |
+-------------------------+-----+
| "Giannis Antetokounmpo" | 24 |
+-------------------------+-----+
| "Kyle Anderson" | 25 |
+-------------------------+-----+
nebula> MATCH (v:player) RETURN v.name AS Name, v.age AS Age \
ORDER BY Age LIMIT rand32(5);
+-------------------------+-----+
| Name | Age |
+-------------------------+-----+
| "Luka Doncic" | 20 |
+-------------------------+-----+
| "Ben Simmons" | 22 |
+-------------------------+-----+
| "Kristaps Porzingis" | 23 |
+-------------------------+-----+
| "Giannis Antetokounmpo" | 24 |
+-------------------------+-----+
### Examples of SKIP¶
You can use SKIP <offset> to skip the top N rows of the output and return the rest of the output. So, there is no need to add LIMIT <number_rows>.
nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"}) --> (v2) \
RETURN v2.name AS Name, v2.age AS Age \
ORDER BY Age DESC SKIP 1;
+-----------------+-----+
| Name | Age |
+-----------------+-----+
| "Manu Ginobili" | 41 |
+-----------------+-----+
| "Tony Parker" | 36 |
+-----------------+-----+
nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"}) --> (v2) \
RETURN v2.name AS Name, v2.age AS Age \
ORDER BY Age DESC SKIP 1+1;
+---------------+-----+
| Name | Age |
+---------------+-----+
| "Tony Parker" | 36 |
+---------------+-----+
You can use SKIP <offset> and LIMIT <number_rows> together to return the data of the middle N rows.
nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"}) --> (v2) \
RETURN v2.name AS Name, v2.age AS Age \
ORDER BY Age DESC SKIP 1 LIMIT 1;
+-----------------+-----+
| Name | Age |
+-----------------+-----+
| "Manu Ginobili" | 41 |
+-----------------+-----+
Last update: August 30, 2021
|
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|
https://www.math3ma.com/archive/december-2015
|
# A Recipe for the Universal Cover of X⋁Y
Below is a general method —a recipe, if you will —for computing the universal cover of the wedge sum $X\vee Y$ of arbitrary topological spaces $X$ and $Y$. This is simply a short-and-quick guideline that my prof mentioned in class, and I thought it'd be helpful to share on the blog. To help illustrate each step, we'll consider the case when $X=T^2$ is the torus and $Y=S^1$ is the circle.
Welcome to part five of a six-part series where we prove that the fundamental group of the circle $\pi_1(S^1)$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}$. In this post we prove that our homomorphism from $\mathbb{Z}$ to $\pi_1(S^1)$ is injective. The proof follows that found in Hatcher's Algebraic Topology section 1.1.
|
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|
https://iq.opengenus.org/radix-sort/
|
#### sorting algorithm algorithm radix sort counting sort
Reading time: 25 minutes | Coding time: 10 minutes
Radix Sort is an efficient non-comparison based sorting algorithm which can sort a dataset in linear O(N) time complexity and hence, can be better than other competitive algorithm like Quick Sort. It uses another algorithm namely Counting Sort as a subroutine.
• Number of digits in an Integer is determined by:
• its base
• very less compared to the data
Numbers increase linearly but number of digits increase logarithmically.
Radix sort was developed to sort large integers. It considers integer as a string of digits so we can use Radix Sort to sort strings as well.
### Algorithm
• Do following for each digit i where i varies from least significant digit to the most significant digit.
• Sort input array using counting sort (or any stable sort) according to the i’th digit.
### Example
Assume the input array is:
[326, 453, 608, 835, 751, 435, 704, 690]
Based on the algorithm, we will sort the input array according to the one's digit (least significant digit).
The original array is sorted based on [6, 3, 8, 5, 1, 5, 4, 0] using Counting Sort
So, the array becomes [690, 751, 453, 704, 835, 435, 326, 608]
Now, we'll sort according to the ten's digit:
The above partially sorted array is sorted based on [9, 5, 5, 0, 3, 3, 2, 0] using Counting Sort
Now, the array becomes : [704, 608, 326, 835, 435, 751, 453, 690]
Finally , we sort according to the hundred's digit (most significant digit):
The above partially sorted array is sorted based on [7, 6, 3, 8, 4, 7, 4, 6] using Counting Sort
The array becomes : [326, 435, 453, 608, 690, 704, 751, 835] which is sorted.
Follow this image to understand the concept:
#### Why does sorting one digit place at a time work in Radix Sort?
Maintains the order of input data
It is in-place sorting
Uses counting sort
It is non comparison based
As Radix Sort maintains the order of the input data, the sorting of previous digits are maintained and adjusted only if the higher significant digit needs to be sorted.
### Pseudocode
for j = 1 to d do
int count[10] = {0};
for i = 0 to n do
count[key of(A[i]) in pass j]++
for k = 1 to 10 do
count[k] = count[k] + count[k-1]
for i = n-1 downto 0 do
result[ count[key of(A[i])] ] = A[j]
count[key of(A[i])]--
for i=0 to n do
A[i] = result[i]
end for(j)
end func
## Complexity Analysis
Best case time complexity:Ω(nk)
Average case time complexity:Θ(nk)
Worst case time complexity:O(nk)
Space complexity:O(n+k)
where n is the number of input data and k is the maximum element in the input data
Let there be d digits in input integers. Radix Sort takes O(d(n+b))* time where b is the base for representing numbers, for example, for decimal system, b is 10. What is the value of d? If k is the maximum possible value, then d would be O(logb(k)). So overall time complexity is O((n+b) * logb(k)). Which looks more than the time complexity of comparison based sorting algorithms for a large k.
Let us first limit k. Let k <= nc where c is a constant. In that case, the complexity becomes O(nLogb(n)). But it still doesn’t beat comparison based sorting algorithms.
What if we make value of b larger?. What should be the value of b to make the time complexity linear? If we set b as n, we get the time complexity as O(n). In other words, we can sort an array of integers with range from 1 to nc if the numbers are represented in base n (or every digit takes log2(n) bits).
• C
• Java
## C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int getMax(int A[], int n)
{ int i;
int max = A[0];
for (i = 1; i < n; i++){
if (A[i] > max)
max = A[i];
}
return max;
}
{ int i,digitPlace = 1;
int result[n];
int largestNum = getMax(A, n);
while(largestNum/digitPlace >0){
int count[10] = {0};
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
count[ (A[i]/digitPlace)%10 ]++;
for (i = 1; i < 10; i++)
count[i] += count[i - 1];
for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{ result[count[ (A[i]/digitPlace)%10 ] - 1] = A[i];
count[ (A[i]/digitPlace)%10 ]--;
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
A[i] = result[i];
digitPlace *= 10;
}
}
void printArray(int A[], int n)
{ int i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d ", A[i]);
printf("\n");
}
int main()
{ int a[] = {209,3,48,91,66,101,30,795};
int n = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
printf("Unsorted Array: ");
printArray(a, n);
printf("Sorted Array: ");
printArray(a, n);
return 0;
}
## Java
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
static int getMax(int arr[], int n){
int mx = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
if (arr[i] > mx)
mx = arr[i];
return mx;
}
static void countSort(int arr[], int n, int exp)
{
int output[] = new int[n];
int i;
int count[] = new int[10];
Arrays.fill(count,0);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
count[ (arr[i]/exp)%10 ]++;
// Change count[i] so that count[i] now contains
// actual position of this digit in output[]
for (i = 1; i < 10; i++)
count[i] += count[i - 1];
// Build the output array
for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--){
output[count[ (arr[i]/exp)%10 ] - 1] = arr[i];
count[ (arr[i]/exp)%10 ]--;
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
arr[i] = output[i];
}
static void radixsort(int arr[], int n)
{ // Find the maximum number to know number of digits
int m = getMax(arr, n);
for (int exp = 1; m/exp > 0; exp *= 10)
countSort(arr, n, exp);
}
static void print(int arr[], int n)
{
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
System.out.print(arr[i]+" ");
}
public static void main (String[] args)
{ int arr[] = {170, 45, 75, 90, 802, 24, 2, 66};
int n = arr.length;
print(arr, n);
}
}
• Fast when the keys are short i.e. when the range of the array elements is less.
• Used in suffix array constuction algorithms like Manber's algorithm and DC3 algorithm.
• Radix Sort is stable sort as relative order of elements with equal values is maintained.
• Since Radix Sort depends on digits or letters, Radix Sort is much less flexible than other sorts. Hence , for every different type of data it needs to be rewritten.
• The constant for Radix sort is greater compared to other sorting algorithms.
• It takes more space compared to Quicksort which is inplace sorting.
• Radix sort can be slower than other sorting algorithms like merge sort and quick sort, if the operations are not efficient enough. These operations include inset and delete functions of the sub-list and the process of isolating the digits we want.
• Radix sort is less flexible than other sorts as it depends on the digits or letter. Radix sort needs to be rewritten if the type of data is changed.
• It is not an in-place sorting algorithm as it requires extra additional space.
|
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|
https://share.cocalc.com/share/df81e09e5b8f16f28b3a2e818dcdd4560e7818ae/support/2014-11-10-scilab.sagews?viewer=embed
|
Open in CoCalc
Playing around a little with SciLab in SageMathCloud. Following [Scilab for very beginners](file:///Users/wstein/Downloads/Scilab_beginners.pdf).
Note: there are currently annoying control codes in the output, when you use "%scilab".
Note: If you make a command-line terminal on SageMathCloud and just type scilab it fails, but if you type scilab -nw it works.
scilab('4+5')
9.
%scilab
4+5
ans = 9.
%default_mode scilab
57/4
ans = 14.25
(2+9)^5
ans = 161051.
2+3.4
ans = 5.4
sqrt(9)
ans = 3.
We can't just write %e as in the tutorial, since that is SMC's notation to switch to a different mode for the cell.
%scilab
%e
%e = 2.7182818
2+3*%i
ans = 2. + 3.i
(1+sqrt(5))/2
ans = 1.618034
exp(10)/factorial(10)
ans = 0.0060699
a
!--error 4 Undefined variable: a
a=%pi/4
a = 0.7853982
a
a = 0.7853982
function d=dollars(e,t);
d=e*t;
endfunction
dollars(200,1.4)
ans = 280.
function y=f(x);
y=36/(8+exp(-x));
endfunction
function y=g(x);
y=4*x/9+4;
endfunction
f(10)
ans = 4.4999745
g(12.5)
ans = 9.5555556
v=[3;-2;5]
v = 3. - 2. 5.
m=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]
m = 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
m*m
ans = 30. 36. 42. 66. 81. 96. 102. 126. 150.
3:10
ans = 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
1:2:10
ans = 1. 3. 5. 7. 9.
I don't think SMC has automatic support for scilab plots. If there were interest, it would probably be easy to implement.
plot(1,2,".r")
But you can display plots anyways as follows:
%sage
def show_plot():
scilab.eval("xs2svg(gcf(),'/tmp/scilab.svg')"); salvus.file("/tmp/scilab.svg")
%sage show_plot()
plot([1,3],[2,5])
%sage show_plot()
function y=f(x)
y=(x^2+2*x)*exp(-x)
endfunction
x=linspace(-2,5,50);
plot(x,f)
Warning : redefining function: f . Use funcprot(0) to avoid this message
%sage show_plot()
clf
X=[1,2,5];n1=[5,10,5];n2=[6,8,7];
bar(X,[n1',n2'])
%sage show_plot()
|
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|
http://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract36521.shtml
|
纳米银、金溶胶的电化学合成及其基本胶体性质——物理化学综合实验设计
• 收稿日期:2021-05-25 录用日期:2021-06-29 发布日期:2021-07-09
• 通讯作者: 张进涛 E-mail:[email protected]
• 作者简介:张进涛, Email: [email protected]
• 基金资助:
山东省自然科学杰出青年基金(ZR2020JQ09)
Electrochemical Synthesis and Basic Properties of Nanostructured Gold and Silver Colloidal Sols: Comprehensive Experiment Design of Physical Chemistry
Jizhen Ma, Siyu Ding, Yadong Tian, Houyi Ma, Jintao Zhang()
• Received:2021-05-25 Accepted:2021-06-29 Published:2021-07-09
• Contact: Jintao Zhang E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract:
The primary electrochemistry and colloid chemistry are the important components of physical chemistry for undergraduate students. On the basis of the nanostructured metal colloids system, a comprehensive chemistry experiment is proposed, which is about synthesis of nanostructured Ag/Au colloidal sols via the direct electrochemical reduction method with the assistance of a surfactant. In addition to the analysis of typical extinction via the UV-Visible spectroscopy, the cyclic voltammetry method is used to understand the effect of the surfactant and reveal the formation process of metal colloids. Such a comprehensive experiment is efficient to not only promote the understanding on the fundamental knowledge of electrochemistry and colloid chemistry, but also enhance the laboratory skill, which is adopted to the laboratory courses for the students majored in chemistry and related.
MSC2000:
• G64
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https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/13217?show=full
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dc.contributor.author Wang, Roland dc.date.accessioned 2009-07-24T14:11:57Z dc.date.available 2009-07-24T14:11:57Z dc.date.issued 2009-07-24T14:11:57Z dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/1813/13217 dc.description.abstract Side-looking (SL) deployment of hydroacoustic transducers is an effective approach to manage the issue of the near-field effect that limits abundance estimation of fish near the surface (<2 m) when using down-looking (DL) deployment in acoustic surveys. However, determining appropriate target strength (TS) thresholds for SL is more difficult due to the greater variability of orientation of fish and thus greater variability in the TS compared to DL. In this paper, I derive appropriate TS thresholds for SL acoustics in two alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) dominated lakes, one in New York and the other in Pennsylvania. I use ex situ TS distribution of alewife from a net cage experiment as well as in situ TS distribution of alewife from the lakes to determine the appropriate TS thresholds. With the thresholds applied, I explore the feasibility of using SL deployment as a fisheries assessment technique by comparing fish density estimates of SL with DL and multimesh vertical gill nets. DL and SL acoustic surveys were conducted at Cayuta Lake in October 13, 2008 and October 29, 2007, and at Silver Lake in October 14, 2008. In addition, vertical gill nets were set in the lakes for length (mm), weight (g), and distribution in the top 6 m. Ex situ net cage experiments were conducted in 2006 at Oneida Lake using 5 alewives. Results from the net cage experiment shows a TS distribution that is both wide and skewed to the right with more targets observed that are greater than -55 dB compared to in situ TS distribution at Cayuta Lake and Silver Lake. SL deployment at Cayuta Lake and Silver Lake observed more targets per km than DL deployment. The catches of alewife in the gill nets at Cayuta Lake in 2008 and 2007 were unevenly distributed with a greater proportion of alewife, both young-of-the-year (YOY) and adults, caught in the top 2 m. Catches of alewife in Silver Lake were more evenly distributed with an equal proportion of YOY alewife caught between 0-6 m, whereas the adults were only caught between 0-4 m. Hydroacoustic and vertical gill net abundance comparisons shows a positive correlation between gill net catch/hr with SL acoustics. However, the correlation between gill net and DL acoustics is negative. I conclude that this study demonstrates the importance of using SL and DL deployment of transducers in abundance estimation. Traditional gear like vertical gill nets should also be used in order to obtain accurate assessment of species and size structure. Further study of the TS distribution of alewife in net cages using SL deployment is needed to improve the determination of the appropriate TS thresholds for data analysis. en_US dc.language.iso en_US en_US dc.title Analysis of Side-Looking Deployment of Hydroacoustic Transducers in Fisheries Science en_US dc.type dissertation or thesis en_US
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http://peekaboo-vision.blogspot.com/2012/06/basics-on-structured-learning-and.html
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## Tuesday, June 5, 2012
### Basics on structured learning and prediction
I just pushed some of my structured learning code to github and hope that some people might find it useful. Before describing my code here, I wanted to give a basic intro into structured prediction. I hope I can at least convey some intuition for this vast research area. So here goes...
What is structured learning and prediction?
Structured prediction is a generalization of the standard paradigms of supervised learning, classification and regression. All of these can be thought of finding a function that minimizes some loss over a training set. The differences are in the kind of functions that are used and the losses.
In classification, the target domain are discrete class labels, and the loss is usually the 0-1 loss, i.e. counting the misclassifications. In regression, the target domain is the real numbers, and the loss is usually mean squared error.
In structured prediction, both the target domain and the loss are more or less arbitrary. This means the goal is not to predict a label or a number, but a possibly much more complicated object like a sequence or a graph.
What does that mean?
In structured prediction, we often deal with finite, but large output spaces Y.
This situation could be dealt with using classification with a very large number of classes. The idea behind structured prediction is that we can do better than this, by making use of the structure of the output space.
A (very simplified) example
Let's say we want to generate text from spoken sentences. Viewed as a pure classification problem, we could see each possible sentence as a class. This has several drawbacks: we have many classes, and to do correct predictions, we have to have all possible sentences in the training set. That doesn't work well. Also, we might not care about getting the sentence completely right.
If we misinterpret a single word, this might be not as bad as misinterpreting every word. So a 0-1 loss on sentences seems inappropriate.
We could also try to view every word as a separate class and try to predict each word individually. This seems somehow better, since we could learn to get most of the word in a sentence right. On the other hand, we lose all context. So for example the expression "car door" is way more likely than "car boar", while predicted individually these could be easily confused.
Structured prediction tries to overcome these problems by considering the output (here the sentence) as a whole and using a loss function that is appropriate for this domain.
A formalism
I hope I have convinced you that structured prediction is a useful thing. So how are we going to formalize this? Having functions that produce arbitrary objects seem a bit hard to handle. There is one very basic formula at the heart of structured prediction:
Here x is the input, Y is the set of all possible outputs and f is a compatibility function that says how well y fits the input x. The prediction for x is y*, the element of Y that maximizes the compatibility.
This very simple formula allows us to predict arbitrarily complex outputs, as long as we can say how compatible a given output is with the input.
This approach opens up two questions:
How do we specify f? How do we compute y*?
As I said above, the output set Y is usually a finite but very large set (all graphs, all sentences in the English language, all images of a given resolution). Finding the argmax in the above equation by exhaustive search is therefore out of the question. So we need to restrict ourselves to f such that we can do the maximization over y efficiently. The most popular tool for building such f is using energy functions or conditional random fields (CRFs) [which are basically the same for finding y*].
I won't go into the details of these methods as this is a vast field. One example, which I am most interested in, are pairwise energy functions of discrete variables, which are explained a bit in my last post.
There are basically three challenges in doing structured learning and prediction:
- Choosing a parametric form of f
- solving argmax_y f(x, y)
- learning parameters for f to minimize a loss
My last post was just concerned with the second part (given a particular f, find y*), while my next post will be about the third part, learning parameters.
There have been many publications and book on this topics. For a nice introduction in the (context of computer vision), I recommend
Sebastian Nowozin, Christoph H. Lampert: "Structured Learning and Prediction in Computer Vision"
One of the founding publications on the topic of learning structured models is
Tsochantaridis, T. Joachims, T. Hofmann, and Y. Altun Large Margin Methods for Structured and Interdependent Output Variables which is also a must-read on the topic.
#### 1 comment:
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https://www.oreilly.com/radar/what-is-functional-programming/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+oreilly%2Fradar%2Fatom+%28O%27Reilly+Radar%29
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# What is functional programming?
Be as functional as you want to be
December 8, 2020
It has long seemed to me that functional programming is, essentially, programming viewed as mathematics. Many ideas in functional programming came from Alonzo Church’s Lambda Calculus, which significantly predates anything that looks remotely like a modern computer. Though the actual history of computing runs differently: in the early days of computing, Von Neumann’s ideas were more important than Church’s, and had a tremendous influence on the design of early computers—an influence that continues to the present. Von Neumann’s thinking was essentially imperative: a program is a list of commands that run on a machine designed to execute those commands.
So, what does it mean to say that functional programming is programming “viewed as mathematics”? Von Neumann was a “mathematician,” and programming of all kinds found its first home in Mathematics departments. So, if functional programming is mathematical, what does that mean? What kind of math?
## Learn faster. Dig deeper. See farther.
Join the O'Reilly online learning platform. Get a free trial today and find answers on the fly, or master something new and useful.
I’m not thinking of any specific branch of mathematics. Yes, the Lambda Calculus has significant ties to set theory, logic, category theory, and many other branches of mathematics. But let’s start with grade school mathematics and assignment statements; they’re basic to any programming language. We’re all familiar with code like this:
i = i+1 # or, more simply
i += 1 # or, even more simply
i++ # C, Java, but not Python or Ruby
Mathematically, this is nonsense. An equation is a statement about a relationship that holds true. i can equal i; it can’t equal i+1. And while i++ and i+=1 no longer look like equations, they are equally nonsensical; once you’ve said that i equals something, you can’t say it equals something else. “Variables” don’t change values; they’re immutable.
Immutability is one of the most important principles of functional programming. Once you’ve defined a variable, you can’t change it. (You can create a new one in a different function scope, but that’s a different matter.) Variables, in functional programming, are invariant; and that’s important. You may be wondering “what about loops? How can I write a for loop?” Not only do you have to do without index variables, you can’t modify any of the variables in the loop body.
Setting aside the (solvable) problem of iteration, there’s no reason you can’t write code in (almost) any non-functional language that has this same effect. Just declare all your variables final or const. In the long run, functional programming is more about a specific kind of discipline than about language features. Programming languages can enforce certain rules, but in just about any modern language it’s possible to follow those rules without language support.
Another important principle of functional programming is that functions are “first class entities.” That is, there are minimal restrictions about where you can use a function. You can also have functions without names, often called “lambdas” (which refers directly to the Lambda Calculus, in which functions were unnamed). In Python, you can write code like this:
data.sort(key=lambda r: r[COLUMN])
The “key” is an anonymous function that returns a specific column of an array; that function is then used for sorting. Personally, I’m not overly fond of “anonymous functions”; it’s often clearer to write the anonymous function as a regular, named function. So I might write this:
def sortbycolumn(r): return r[COLUMN]
data.sort(k=sortbycolumn)
The ability to use functions as arguments to functions gives you a very nice way to implement the “strategy pattern”:
def squareit(x): return x*x
def cubeit(x): return x*x*x
def rootit(x): import math; return math.sqrt(x)
def do_something(strategy, x) ...
do_something(cubeit, 42)
weird = lambda x : cubeit(rootit(x))
do_something(weird, 42)
I often get the sense that all programmers really want from functional programming is first-class functions and lambdas. Lambdas were added to Python very early on (1.0) but didn’t reach Java until Java 8.
Another consequence of thinking mathematically (and possibly a more important one) is that functions can’t have side-effects and, given the same arguments, will always return the same value. If a mathematician (or a high school trig student) writes
y = sin(x)
they don’t have to deal with the possibility that sin(x) sets some global variable to 42, or will return a different value every time it’s called. That just can’t happen; in math, the idea of a “side-effect” is meaningless. All the information that sin(x) provides is encapsulated in the return value. In most programming languages, side-effects happen all too easily, and in some, they’re almost an obsession. Again, creating functions that have no side-effects is a matter of exercising discipline. A programming language can enforce this rule, but you can follow it whether or not your language makes you do it. We don’t have cartoon devils looking over our shoulders saying “Go ahead; make a side effect. No one will notice.”
Functional languages vary the degree to which they enforce the lack of side-effects. If you’re a purist, anything that interacts with the real world is a side-effect. Printing a document? Changing a row in a database? Displaying a value on the user’s screen? Those are all side-effects (they aren’t completely encapsulated in the value returned by the function), and they have to be “hidden” using a mechanism like monads in Haskell. And that’s the point at which many programmers get confused and throw up their hands in despair. (I’ll only point you to Real World Haskell.) In both Java and Python, lambda functions can have side-effects, which means that, strictly speaking, they aren’t really “functional.” Guido van Rossum’s discussion of the addition of Lambdas to Python is worth reading; among other things, he says “I have never considered Python to be heavily influenced by functional languages, no matter what people say or think.”
Streams are often associated with functional languages; they’re essentially long (perhaps infinite) lists that are evaluated lazily—meaning that elements of the string are only evaluated as they’re needed. Maps apply a function to every element of a list, returning a new list—and that includes streams, which (for these purposes) are specialized lists. That’s an incredibly useful feature; it’s a great way to write a loop without having to write a loop—and without even knowing how much data you have. You can also create “filters” that choose whether to pass any element of the stream to the output, and you can chain maps and filters together. If you think this sounds like a Unix pipeline, you’re right. Streams, maps, filters, and the act of chaining them together really have as much to do with the Unix shell as they do with functional languages.
Another way to avoid writing loops is to use “comprehensions,” a feature of Python. It’s easy to get very fond of list comprehensions; they’re compact, they eliminate off-by-one errors, and they’re very flexible. Although comprehensions look like a compact notation for a traditional loop, they really come from set theory—and their closest computational “relatives” are to be found in relational databases, rather than functional programming. Here’s a comprehension that applies a function to every element of a list:
# pythonic examples. First, list comprehension
newlist = [ somefunction(thing) for thing in things ]
The most general way to avoid traditional loops is to use recursion: a function that calls itself. Here’s the recursive equivalent to the previous comprehension:
def iterate(t, l) :
if len(t) == 0 : return l # stop when all elements are done
return iterate(t[1:],l + [somefunction(t[0])]) # process remainder
Recursion is a mainstay of functional languages: you don’t have indices being modified, and you’re not even modifying the resulting list (assuming that append doesn’t count as modification).
However, recursion has its own problems. It’s hard to wrap your mind around recursion; you still need to do a lot of your own bookkeeping (in this case, passing in a vector so a result can be returned); and except in one (common) special case, called “tail recursion,” it can be a performance nightmare.
I started by saying that functional programming was programming considered as “math,” and that’s at least partially correct. But is that claim useful? There are many branches of mathematics that map onto programming concepts in different ways. Functional programming only represents one of them. If you’re a topologist, you may well like graph databases. But discussing which branch of mathematics corresponds to which programming practices isn’t really helpful. Remembering high school algebra may help when thinking about immutability, statelessness, and the absence of side-effects; but most programmers will never study the real mathematical origins of functional programing. Lambdas are great; functions as arguments in method calls is great; even recursion is (sometimes) great; but we’re fooling ourselves if we think programmers are going to start using Java as if it were Haskell. But that’s OK; for Java programmers, the value of Lambdas isn’t some mathematical notion of “functional,” but in providing a huge improvement over anonymous inner classes. The tools to be functional are there, should you choose to use them.
In college, I learned that engineering was about making tradeoffs. Since then, I’ve heard very few programmers talk about tradeoffs—but those tradeoffs are still central to good engineering. And while engineering uses a lot of mathematics, engineering isn’t mathematics, in part because mathematics doesn’t deal in tradeoffs. Using “mathematics” as a way to think about a particular style of disciplined coding maybe be useful, particularly if that discipline leads to fewer bugs. It’s also useful to use the tools of mathematics to make good tradeoffs between rigor, performance, and practicality—which may lead you in an entirely different direction. Be as functional as you need to (but no more).
Post topics: Radar Column, Software Engineering
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https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01409788
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# Extended mild-slope equation for surface waves interacting with a vertically sheared current
Abstract : Propagation of water waves in coastal zones is mainly affected by the influence of currents and bathymetry variations. Models describing wave propagation in coastal zones are often based on the numerical solution of theMild Slope equation (Kirby, 1984). In this work, an extension of this equation is derived, taking into account the linear variation of the current with depth,which results in a constant horizontal vorticity, slowly varying horizontally, within the background current field. The present approach is based on the asymptotic expansion of the depth-integrated lagrangian, assuming the linear variation of the background currentwith depth. With the aid of selected examples the role of this horizontal vorticity, associated with the assumed background current velocity profile, is then illustrated and emphasized, demonstrating its effect on the propagation of water waves in coastal areas.
Keywords :
Type de document :
Article dans une revue
Coastal Engineering, Elsevier, 2016, 116, pp.77-88. 〈10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.06.003〉
Domaine :
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01409788
Contributeur : Mio Aigle <>
Soumis le : mardi 6 décembre 2016 - 11:37:44
Dernière modification le : jeudi 12 avril 2018 - 13:30:04
### Citation
Julien Touboul, Jenna Charland, Vincent Rey, K. Belibassakis. Extended mild-slope equation for surface waves interacting with a vertically sheared current. Coastal Engineering, Elsevier, 2016, 116, pp.77-88. 〈10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.06.003〉. 〈hal-01409788〉
### Métriques
Consultations de la notice
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_harmonic_oscillator
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# Quantum harmonic oscillator
Some trajectories of a harmonic oscillator according to Newton's laws of classical mechanics (A–B), and according to the Schrödinger equation of quantum mechanics (C–H). In A–B, the particle (represented as a ball attached to a spring) oscillates back and forth. In C–H, some solutions to the Schrödinger Equation are shown, where the horizontal axis is position, and the vertical axis is the real part (blue) or imaginary part (red) of the wavefunction. C, D, E, F, but not G, H, are energy eigenstates. H is a coherent state—a quantum state that approximates the classical trajectory.
The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum-mechanical analog of the classical harmonic oscillator. Because an arbitrary potential can usually be approximated as a harmonic potential at the vicinity of a stable equilibrium point, it is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics. Furthermore, it is one of the few quantum-mechanical systems for which an exact, analytical solution is known.[1][2][3]
## One-dimensional harmonic oscillator
### Hamiltonian and energy eigenstates
Wavefunction representations for the first eight bound eigenstates, n = 0 to 7. The horizontal axis shows the position x. Note: The graphs are not normalized, and the signs of some of the functions differ from those given in the text.
Corresponding probability densities.
The Hamiltonian of the particle is:
${\displaystyle {\hat {H}}={\frac {{\hat {p}}^{2}}{2m}}+{\frac {1}{2}}k{\hat {x}}^{2}={\frac {{\hat {p}}^{2}}{2m}}+{\frac {1}{2}}m\omega ^{2}{\hat {x}}^{2}\,,}$
where m is the particle's mass, k is the force constant, ${\displaystyle \omega ={\sqrt {\frac {k}{m}}}}$ is the angular frequency of the oscillator, ${\displaystyle {\hat {x}}}$ is the position operator (given by x), and ${\displaystyle {\hat {p}}}$ is the momentum operator (given by ${\displaystyle {\hat {p}}=-i\hbar {\partial \over \partial x}\,}$ ). The first term in the Hamiltonian represents the kinetic energy of the particle, and the second term represents its potential energy, as in Hooke's law.
One may write the time-independent Schrödinger equation,
${\displaystyle {\hat {H}}\left|\psi \right\rangle =E\left|\psi \right\rangle ~,}$
where E denotes a to-be-determined real number that will specify a time-independent energy level, or eigenvalue, and the solution |ψ denotes that level's energy eigenstate.
One may solve the differential equation representing this eigenvalue problem in the coordinate basis, for the wave function x|ψ⟩ = ψ(x), using a spectral method. It turns out that there is a family of solutions. In this basis, they amount to Hermite functions,
${\displaystyle \psi _{n}(x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2^{n}\,n!}}}\cdot \left({\frac {m\omega }{\pi \hbar }}\right)^{1/4}\cdot e^{-{\frac {m\omega x^{2}}{2\hbar }}}\cdot H_{n}\left({\sqrt {\frac {m\omega }{\hbar }}}x\right),\qquad n=0,1,2,\ldots .}$
The functions Hn are the physicists' Hermite polynomials,
${\displaystyle H_{n}(z)=(-1)^{n}~e^{z^{2}}{\frac {d^{n}}{dz^{n}}}\left(e^{-z^{2}}\right).}$
The corresponding energy levels are
${\displaystyle E_{n}=\hbar \omega \left(n+{1 \over 2}\right)=(2n+1){\hbar \over 2}\omega ~.}$
This energy spectrum is noteworthy for three reasons. First, the energies are quantized, meaning that only discrete energy values (integer-plus-half multiples of ħω) are possible; this is a general feature of quantum-mechanical systems when a particle is confined. Second, these discrete energy levels are equally spaced, unlike in the Bohr model of the atom, or the particle in a box. Third, the lowest achievable energy (the energy of the n = 0 state, called the ground state) is not equal to the minimum of the potential well, but ħω/2 above it; this is called zero-point energy. Because of the zero-point energy, the position and momentum of the oscillator in the ground state are not fixed (as they would be in a classical oscillator), but have a small range of variance, in accordance with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
The ground state probability density is concentrated at the origin, which means the particle spends most of its time at the bottom of the potential well, as one would expect for a state with little energy. As the energy increases, the probability density peaks at the classical "turning points", where the state's energy coincides with the potential energy. (See the discussion below of the highly excited states.) This is consistent with the classical harmonic oscillator, in which the particle spends more of its time (and is therefore more likely to be found) near the turning points, where it is moving the slowest. The correspondence principle is thus satisfied. Moreover, special nondispersive wave packets, with minimum uncertainty, called coherent states oscillate very much like classical objects, as illustrated in the figure; they are not eigenstates of the Hamiltonian.
Probability densities |ψn(x)|2 for the bound eigenstates, beginning with the ground state (n = 0) at the bottom and increasing in energy toward the top. The horizontal axis shows the position x, and brighter colors represent higher probability densities.
The "ladder operator" method, developed by Paul Dirac, allows extraction of the energy eigenvalues without directly solving the differential equation. It is generalizable to more complicated problems, notably in quantum field theory. Following this approach, we define the operators a and its adjoint a,
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}a&={\sqrt {m\omega \over 2\hbar }}\left({\hat {x}}+{i \over m\omega }{\hat {p}}\right)\\a^{\dagger }&={\sqrt {m\omega \over 2\hbar }}\left({\hat {x}}-{i \over m\omega }{\hat {p}}\right)\end{aligned}}}
This leads to the useful representation of ${\displaystyle {\hat {x}}}$ and ${\displaystyle {\hat {p}}}$ ,
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\hat {x}}&={\sqrt {{\frac {\hbar }{2}}{\frac {1}{m\omega }}}}(a^{\dagger }+a)\\{\hat {p}}&=i{\sqrt {{\frac {\hbar }{2}}m\omega }}(a^{\dagger }-a)~.\end{aligned}}}
The operator a is not Hermitian, since itself and its adjoint a are not equal. The energy eigenstates |n, when operated on by these ladder operators, give
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}a^{\dagger }|n\rangle &={\sqrt {n+1}}|n+1\rangle \\a|n\rangle &={\sqrt {n}}|n-1\rangle .\end{aligned}}}
It is then evident that a, in essence, appends a single quantum of energy to the oscillator, while a removes a quantum. For this reason, they are sometimes referred to as "creation" and "annihilation" operators.
From the relations above, we can also define a number operator N, which has the following property:
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}N&=a^{\dagger }a\\N\left|n\right\rangle &=n\left|n\right\rangle .\end{aligned}}}
The following commutators can be easily obtained by substituting the canonical commutation relation,
${\displaystyle [a,a^{\dagger }]=1,\qquad [N,a^{\dagger }]=a^{\dagger },\qquad [N,a]=-a,}$
And the Hamilton operator can be expressed as
${\displaystyle {\hat {H}}=\hbar \omega \left(N+{\frac {1}{2}}\right),}$
so the eigenstate of N is also the eigenstate of energy.
The commutation property yields
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Na^{\dagger }|n\rangle &=\left(a^{\dagger }N+[N,a^{\dagger }]\right)|n\rangle \\&=\left(a^{\dagger }N+a^{\dagger }\right)|n\rangle \\&=(n+1)a^{\dagger }|n\rangle ,\end{aligned}}}
and similarly,
${\displaystyle Na|n\rangle =(n-1)a|n\rangle .}$
This means that a acts on |n to produce, up to a multiplicative constant, |n–1⟩, and a acts on |n to produce |n+1⟩. For this reason, a is called a annihilation operator ("lowering operator"), and a a creation operator ("raising operator"). The two operators together are called ladder operators. In quantum field theory, a and a are alternatively called "annihilation" and "creation" operators because they destroy and create particles, which correspond to our quanta of energy.
Given any energy eigenstate, we can act on it with the lowering operator, a, to produce another eigenstate with ħω less energy. By repeated application of the lowering operator, it seems that we can produce energy eigenstates down to E = −∞. However, since
${\displaystyle n=\langle n|N|n\rangle =\langle n|a^{\dagger }a|n\rangle ={\Bigl (}a|n\rangle {\Bigr )}^{\dagger }a|n\rangle \geqslant 0,}$
the smallest eigen-number is 0, and
${\displaystyle a\left|0\right\rangle =0.}$
In this case, subsequent applications of the lowering operator will just produce zero kets, instead of additional energy eigenstates. Furthermore, we have shown above that
${\displaystyle {\hat {H}}\left|0\right\rangle ={\frac {\hbar \omega }{2}}\left|0\right\rangle }$
Finally, by acting on |0⟩ with the raising operator and multiplying by suitable normalization factors, we can produce an infinite set of energy eigenstates
${\displaystyle \left\{\left|0\right\rangle ,\left|1\right\rangle ,\left|2\right\rangle ,\ldots ,\left|n\right\rangle ,\ldots \right\},}$
such that
${\displaystyle {\hat {H}}\left|n\right\rangle =\hbar \omega \left(n+{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\left|n\right\rangle ,}$
which matches the energy spectrum given in the preceding section.
Arbitrary eigenstates can be expressed in terms of |0⟩,
${\displaystyle |n\rangle ={\frac {(a^{\dagger })^{n}}{\sqrt {n!}}}|0\rangle .}$
Proof:
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\langle n|aa^{\dagger }|n\rangle &=\langle n|\left([a,a^{\dagger }]+a^{\dagger }a\right)|n\rangle =\langle n|(N+1)|n\rangle =n+1\\\Rightarrow a^{\dagger }|n\rangle &={\sqrt {n+1}}|n+1\rangle \\\Rightarrow |n\rangle &={\frac {a^{\dagger }}{\sqrt {n}}}|n-1\rangle ={\frac {(a^{\dagger })^{2}}{\sqrt {n(n-1)}}}|n-2\rangle =\cdots ={\frac {(a^{\dagger })^{n}}{\sqrt {n!}}}|0\rangle .\end{aligned}}}
#### Analytical questions
The preceding analysis is algebraic, using only the commutation relations between the raising and lowering operators. Once the algebraic analysis is complete, one should turn to analytical questions. First, one should find the ground state, that is, the solution of the equation ${\displaystyle a\psi _{0}=0}$ . In the position representation, this is the first-order differential equation
${\displaystyle \left(x+{\frac {\hbar }{m\omega }}{\frac {d}{dx}}\right)\psi _{0}=0}$ ,
whose solution is easily found to be the Gaussian[4]
${\displaystyle \psi _{0}(x)=Ce^{-{\frac {m\omega x^{2}}{2\hbar }}}}$ .
Conceptually, it is important that there is only one solution of this equation; if there were, say, two linearly independent ground states, we would get two independent chains of eigenvectors for the harmonic oscillator. Once the ground state is computed, one can show inductively that the excited states are Hermite polynomials times the Gaussian ground state, using the explicit form of the raising operator in the position representation. One can also prove that, as expected from the uniqueness of the ground state, the energy eigenstates ${\displaystyle \psi _{n}}$ constructed by the ladder method form a complete orthonormal set of functions.[5]
Explicitly connecting with the previous section, the ground state |0⟩ in the position representation is determined by ${\displaystyle a|0\rangle =0}$ ,
${\displaystyle \left\langle x\mid a\mid 0\right\rangle =0\qquad \Rightarrow \left(x+{\frac {\hbar }{m\omega }}{\frac {d}{dx}}\right)\left\langle x\mid 0\right\rangle =0\qquad \Rightarrow }$
${\displaystyle \left\langle x\mid 0\right\rangle =\left({\frac {m\omega }{\pi \hbar }}\right)^{\frac {1}{4}}\exp \left(-{\frac {m\omega }{2\hbar }}x^{2}\right)=\psi _{0}~,}$
hence
${\displaystyle \langle x\mid a^{\dagger }\mid 0\rangle =\psi _{1}(x)~,}$
so that ${\displaystyle \psi _{1}(x,t)=\langle x\mid e^{-3i\omega t/2}a^{\dagger }\mid 0\rangle }$ , and so on.
### Natural length and energy scales
The quantum harmonic oscillator possesses natural scales for length and energy, which can be used to simplify the problem. These can be found by nondimensionalization.
The result is that, if energy is measured in units of ħω and distance in units of ħ/(), then the Hamiltonian simplifies to
${\displaystyle H=-{\frac {1}{2}}{d^{2} \over dx^{2}}+{\frac {1}{2}}x^{2},}$
while the energy eigenfunctions and eigenvalues simplify to Hermite functions and integers offset by a half,
${\displaystyle \psi _{n}(x)=\left\langle x\mid n\right\rangle ={1 \over {\sqrt {2^{n}n!}}}~\pi ^{-1/4}\exp(-x^{2}/2)~H_{n}(x),}$
${\displaystyle E_{n}=n+{\tfrac {1}{2}}~,}$
where Hn(x) are the Hermite polynomials.
To avoid confusion, these "natural units" will mostly not be adopted in this article. However, they frequently come in handy when performing calculations, by bypassing clutter.
For example, the fundamental solution (propagator) of H−i∂t, the time-dependent Schrödinger operator for this oscillator, simply boils down to the Mehler kernel,[6][7]
${\displaystyle \langle x\mid \exp(-itH)\mid y\rangle \equiv K(x,y;t)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi i\sin t}}}\exp \left({\frac {i}{2\sin t}}\left((x^{2}+y^{2})\cos t-2xy\right)\right)~,}$
where K(x,y;0) =δ(xy). The most general solution for a given initial configuration ψ(x,0) then is simply
${\displaystyle \psi (x,t)=\int dy~K(x,y;t)\psi (y,0)~.}$
### Coherent states
The coherent states of the harmonic oscillator are special nondispersive wave packets, with minimum uncertainty σx σp = 2, whose observables' expectation values evolve like a classical system. They are eigenvectors of the annihilation operator, not the Hamiltonian, and form an overcomplete basis which consequentially lacks orthogonality.
The coherent states are indexed by α ∈ ℂ and expressed in the |n⟩ basis as
${\displaystyle |\alpha \rangle =\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }|n\rangle \langle n|\alpha \rangle =e^{-{\frac {1}{2}}|\alpha |^{2}}\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\alpha ^{n}}{\sqrt {n!}}}|n\rangle =e^{-{\frac {1}{2}}|\alpha |^{2}}e^{\alpha a^{\dagger }}|0\rangle }$ .
Because ${\displaystyle a\left|0\right\rangle =0}$ and via the Kermack-McCrae identity, the last form is equivalent to a unitary displacement operator acting on the ground state: ${\displaystyle |\alpha \rangle =e^{\alpha {\hat {a}}^{\dagger }-\alpha ^{*}{\hat {a}}}|0\rangle =D(\alpha )|0\rangle }$ . The position space wave functions are
${\displaystyle \psi _{\alpha }(x')=\left({\frac {m\omega }{\pi \hbar }}\right)^{\frac {1}{4}}e^{{\frac {i}{\hbar }}\langle {\hat {p}}\rangle _{\alpha }x'-{\frac {m\omega }{2\hbar }}(x'-\langle {\hat {x}}\rangle _{\alpha })^{2}}}$ .
### Highly excited states
Excited state with n=30, with the vertical lines indicating the turning points
When n is large, the eigenstates are localized into the classical allowed region, that is, the region in which a classical particle with energy En can move. The eigenstates are peaked near the turning points: the points at the ends of the classically allowed region where the classical particle changes direction. This phenomenon can be verified through asymptotics of the Hermite polynomials, and also through the WKB approximation.
The frequency of oscillation at x is proportional to the momentum p(x) of a classical particle of energy En and position x. Furthermore, the square of the amplitude (determining the probability density) is inversely proportional to p(x), reflecting the length of time the classical particle spends near x. The system behavior in a small neighborhood of the turning point does not have a simple classical explanation, but can be modeled using an Airy function. Using properties of the Airy function, one may estimate the probability of finding the particle outside the classically allowed region, to be approximately
${\displaystyle {\frac {2}{n^{1/3}3^{2/3}\Gamma ^{2}({\tfrac {1}{3}})}}={\frac {1}{n^{1/3}\cdot 7.46408092658...}}}$
This is also given, asymptotically, by the integral
${\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2\pi }}\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{(2n+1)\left(x-{\tfrac {1}{2}}\sinh(2x)\right)}dx~.}$
### Phase space solutions
In the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics, solutions to the quantum harmonic oscillator in several different representations of the quasiprobability distribution can be written in closed form. The most widely used of these is for the Wigner quasiprobability distribution, which has the solution
${\displaystyle F_{n}(u)={\frac {(-1)^{n}}{\pi \hbar }}L_{n}\left(4{\frac {u}{\hbar \omega }}\right)e^{-2u/\hbar \omega }~,}$
where
${\displaystyle u={\frac {1}{2}}m\omega ^{2}x^{2}+{\frac {p^{2}}{2m}}}$ ,
and Ln are the Laguerre polynomials.
This example illustrates how the Hermite and Laguerre polynomials are linked through the Wigner map.
Meanwhile, the Husimi Q function of the harmonic oscillator eigenstates have an even simpler form. If we work in the natural units described above, we have
${\displaystyle Q(\psi _{n})(x,p)={\frac {(x^{2}+p^{2})^{n}}{n!}}{\frac {e^{-(x^{2}+p^{2})}}{\pi }}}$
This claim can be verified using the Segal–Bargmann transform. Specifically, since the raising operator in the Segal–Bargmann representation is simply multiplication by ${\displaystyle z=x+ip}$ and the ground state is the constant function 1, the normalized harmonic oscillator states in this representation are simply ${\displaystyle z^{n}/{\sqrt {n!}}}$ . At this point, we can appeal to the formula for the Husimi Q function in terms of the Segal–Bargmann transform.
## N-dimensional harmonic oscillator
The one-dimensional harmonic oscillator is readily generalizable to N dimensions, where N = 1, 2, 3, ... . In one dimension, the position of the particle was specified by a single coordinate, x. In N dimensions, this is replaced by N position coordinates, which we label x1, ..., xN. Corresponding to each position coordinate is a momentum; we label these p1, ..., pN. The canonical commutation relations between these operators are
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{[}x_{i},p_{j}{]}&=i\hbar \delta _{i,j}\\{[}x_{i},x_{j}{]}&=0\\{[}p_{i},p_{j}{]}&=0\end{aligned}}}
The Hamiltonian for this system is
${\displaystyle H=\sum _{i=1}^{N}\left({p_{i}^{2} \over 2m}+{1 \over 2}m\omega ^{2}x_{i}^{2}\right).}$
As the form of this Hamiltonian makes clear, the N-dimensional harmonic oscillator is exactly analogous to N independent one-dimensional harmonic oscillators with the same mass and spring constant. In this case, the quantities x1, ..., xN would refer to the positions of each of the N particles. This is a convenient property of the ${\displaystyle r^{2}}$ potential, which allows the potential energy to be separated into terms depending on one coordinate each.
This observation makes the solution straightforward. For a particular set of quantum numbers {n} the energy eigenfunctions for the N-dimensional oscillator are expressed in terms of the 1-dimensional eigenfunctions as:
${\displaystyle \langle \mathbf {x} |\psi _{\{n\}}\rangle =\prod _{i=1}^{N}\langle x_{i}\mid \psi _{n_{i}}\rangle }$
In the ladder operator method, we define N sets of ladder operators,
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}a_{i}&={\sqrt {m\omega \over 2\hbar }}\left(x_{i}+{i \over m\omega }p_{i}\right),\\a_{i}^{\dagger }&={\sqrt {m\omega \over 2\hbar }}\left(x_{i}-{i \over m\omega }p_{i}\right).\end{aligned}}}
By an analogous procedure to the one-dimensional case, we can then show that each of the ai and ai operators lower and raise the energy by ℏω respectively. The Hamiltonian is
${\displaystyle H=\hbar \omega \,\sum _{i=1}^{N}\left(a_{i}^{\dagger }\,a_{i}+{\frac {1}{2}}\right).}$
This Hamiltonian is invariant under the dynamic symmetry group U(N) (the unitary group in N dimensions), defined by
${\displaystyle U\,a_{i}^{\dagger }\,U^{\dagger }=\sum _{j=1}^{N}a_{j}^{\dagger }\,U_{ji}\quad {\text{for all}}\quad U\in U(N),}$
where ${\displaystyle U_{ji}}$ is an element in the defining matrix representation of U(N).
The energy levels of the system are
${\displaystyle E=\hbar \omega \left[(n_{1}+\cdots +n_{N})+{N \over 2}\right].}$
${\displaystyle n_{i}=0,1,2,\dots \quad ({\text{the energy level in dimension }}i).}$
As in the one-dimensional case, the energy is quantized. The ground state energy is N times the one-dimensional ground energy, as we would expect using the analogy to N independent one-dimensional oscillators. There is one further difference: in the one-dimensional case, each energy level corresponds to a unique quantum state. In N-dimensions, except for the ground state, the energy levels are degenerate, meaning there are several states with the same energy.
The degeneracy can be calculated relatively easily. As an example, consider the 3-dimensional case: Define n = n1 + n2 + n3. All states with the same n will have the same energy. For a given n, we choose a particular n1. Then n2 + n3 = n − n1. There are n − n1 + 1 possible pairs {n2n3}. n2 can take on the values 0 to n − n1, and for each n2 the value of n3 is fixed. The degree of degeneracy therefore is:
${\displaystyle g_{n}=\sum _{n_{1}=0}^{n}n-n_{1}+1={\frac {(n+1)(n+2)}{2}}}$
Formula for general N and n [gn being the dimension of the symmetric irreducible nth power representation of the unitary group U(N)]:
${\displaystyle g_{n}={\binom {N+n-1}{n}}}$
The special case N = 3, given above, follows directly from this general equation. This is however, only true for distinguishable particles, or one particle in N dimensions (as dimensions are distinguishable). For the case of N bosons in a one-dimension harmonic trap, the degeneracy scales as the number of ways to partition an integer n using integers less than or equal to N.
${\displaystyle g_{n}=p(N_{-},n)}$
This arises due to the constraint of putting N quanta into a state ket where ${\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }kn_{k}=n}$ and ${\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }n_{k}=N}$ , which are the same constraints as in integer partition.
### Example: 3D isotropic harmonic oscillator
Schrödinger 3D spherical harmonic orbital solutions in 2D density plots; the Mathematica source code that used for generating the plots is at the top
The Schrödinger equation of a spherically-symmetric three-dimensional harmonic oscillator can be solved explicitly by separation of variables; see this article for the present case. This procedure is analogous to the separation performed in the hydrogen-like atom problem, but with the spherically symmetric potential
${\displaystyle V(r)={1 \over 2}\mu \omega ^{2}r^{2},}$
where μ is the mass of the problem. Because m will be used below for the magnetic quantum number, mass is indicated by μ, instead of m, as earlier in this article.
${\displaystyle \psi _{klm}(r,\theta ,\phi )=N_{kl}r^{l}e^{-\nu r^{2}}L_{k}^{(l+{1 \over 2})}(2\nu r^{2})Y_{lm}(\theta ,\phi )}$
where
${\displaystyle N_{kl}={\sqrt {{\sqrt {\frac {2\nu ^{3}}{\pi }}}{\frac {2^{k+2l+3}\;k!\;\nu ^{l}}{(2k+2l+1)!!}}}}~~}$ is a normalization constant; ${\displaystyle \nu \equiv {\mu \omega \over 2\hbar }~}$ ;
${\displaystyle {L_{k}}^{(l+{1 \over 2})}(2\nu r^{2})}$
are generalized Laguerre polynomials; The order k of the polynomial is a non-negative integer;
${\displaystyle Y_{lm}(\theta ,\phi )\,}$ is a spherical harmonic function;
ħ is the reduced Planck constant: ${\displaystyle \hbar \equiv {\frac {h}{2\pi }}~.}$
The energy eigenvalue is
${\displaystyle E=\hbar \omega \left(2k+l+{\frac {3}{2}}\right)~.}$
The energy is usually described by the single quantum number
${\displaystyle n\equiv 2k+l~.}$
Because k is a non-negative integer, for every even n we have ℓ = 0, 2, ..., n − 2, n and for every odd n we have ℓ = 1, 3, ..., n − 2, n . The magnetic quantum number m is an integer satisfying −ℓ ≤ m ≤ ℓ, so for every n and ℓ there are 2 + 1 different quantum states, labeled by m . Thus, the degeneracy at level n is
${\displaystyle \sum _{l=\ldots ,n-2,n}(2l+1)={(n+1)(n+2) \over 2}~,}$
where the sum starts from 0 or 1, according to whether n is even or odd. This result is in accordance with the dimension formula above, and amounts to the dimensionality of a symmetric representation of SU(3),[9] the relevant degeneracy group.
## Applications
### Harmonic oscillators lattice: phonons
We can extend the notion of a harmonic oscillator to a one-dimensional lattice of many particles. Consider a one-dimensional quantum mechanical harmonic chain of N identical atoms. This is the simplest quantum mechanical model of a lattice, and we will see how phonons arise from it. The formalism that we will develop for this model is readily generalizable to two and three dimensions.
As in the previous section, we denote the positions of the masses by x1,x2,..., as measured from their equilibrium positions (i.e. xi = 0 if the particle i is at its equilibrium position). In two or more dimensions, the xi are vector quantities. The Hamiltonian for this system is
${\displaystyle \mathbf {H} =\sum _{i=1}^{N}{p_{i}^{2} \over 2m}+{1 \over 2}m\omega ^{2}\sum _{\{ij\}(nn)}(x_{i}-x_{j})^{2}~,}$
where m is the (assumed uniform) mass of each atom, and xi and pi are the position and momentum operators for the i th atom and the sum is made over the nearest neighbors (nn). However, it is customary to rewrite the Hamiltonian in terms of the normal modes of the wavevector rather than in terms of the particle coordinates so that one can work in the more convenient Fourier space.
We introduce, then, a set of N "normal coordinates" Qk, defined as the discrete Fourier transforms of the xs, and N "conjugate momenta" Π defined as the Fourier transforms of the ps,
${\displaystyle Q_{k}={1 \over {\sqrt {N}}}\sum _{l}e^{ikal}x_{l}}$
${\displaystyle \Pi _{k}={1 \over {\sqrt {N}}}\sum _{l}e^{-ikal}p_{l}~.}$
The quantity kn will turn out to be the wave number of the phonon, i.e. 2π divided by the wavelength. It takes on quantized values, because the number of atoms is finite.
This preserves the desired commutation relations in either real space or wave vector space
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\left[x_{l},p_{m}\right]&=i\hbar \delta _{l,m}\\\left[Q_{k},\Pi _{k'}\right]&={1 \over N}\sum _{l,m}e^{ikal}e^{-ik'am}[x_{l},p_{m}]\\&={i\hbar \over N}\sum _{m}e^{iam(k-k')}=i\hbar \delta _{k,k'}\\\left[Q_{k},Q_{k'}\right]&=\left[\Pi _{k},\Pi _{k'}\right]=0~.\end{aligned}}}
From the general result
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\sum _{l}x_{l}x_{l+m}&={1 \over N}\sum _{kk'}Q_{k}Q_{k'}\sum _{l}e^{ial\left(k+k'\right)}e^{iamk'}=\sum _{k}Q_{k}Q_{-k}e^{iamk}\\\sum _{l}{p_{l}}^{2}&=\sum _{k}\Pi _{k}\Pi _{-k}~,\end{aligned}}}
it is easy to show, through elementary trigonometry, that the potential energy term is
${\displaystyle {1 \over 2}m\omega ^{2}\sum _{j}(x_{j}-x_{j+1})^{2}={1 \over 2}m\omega ^{2}\sum _{k}Q_{k}Q_{-k}(2-e^{ika}-e^{-ika})={1 \over 2}m\sum _{k}{\omega _{k}}^{2}Q_{k}Q_{-k}~,}$
where
${\displaystyle \omega _{k}={\sqrt {2\omega ^{2}(1-\cos(ka))}}~.}$
The Hamiltonian may be written in wave vector space as
${\displaystyle \mathbf {H} ={1 \over {2m}}\sum _{k}\left({\Pi _{k}\Pi _{-k}}+m^{2}\omega _{k}^{2}Q_{k}Q_{-k}\right)~.}$
Note that the couplings between the position variables have been transformed away; if the Qs and Πs were hermitian(which they are not), the transformed Hamiltonian would describe N uncoupled harmonic oscillators.
The form of the quantization depends on the choice of boundary conditions; for simplicity, we impose periodic boundary conditions, defining the (N + 1)th atom as equivalent to the first atom. Physically, this corresponds to joining the chain at its ends. The resulting quantization is
${\displaystyle k=k_{n}={2n\pi \over Na}\quad {\hbox{for}}\ n=0,\pm 1,\pm 2,\ldots ,\pm {N \over 2}.\ }$
The upper bound to n comes from the minimum wavelength, which is twice the lattice spacing a, as discussed above.
The harmonic oscillator eigenvalues or energy levels for the mode ωk are
${\displaystyle E_{n}=\left({1 \over 2}+n\right)\hbar \omega _{k}\quad {\hbox{for}}\quad n=0,1,2,3,\ldots }$
If we ignore the zero-point energy then the levels are evenly spaced at
${\displaystyle \hbar \omega ,\,2\hbar \omega ,\,3\hbar \omega ,\,\ldots }$
So an exact amount of energy ħω, must be supplied to the harmonic oscillator lattice to push it to the next energy level. In comparison to the photon case when the electromagnetic field is quantised, the quantum of vibrational energy is called a phonon.
All quantum systems show wave-like and particle-like properties. The particle-like properties of the phonon are best understood using the methods of second quantization and operator techniques described later.[10]
In the continuum limit, a→0, N→∞, while Na is held fixed. The canonical coordinates Qk devolve to the decoupled momentum modes of a scalar field, ${\displaystyle \phi _{k}}$ , whilst the location index i (not the displacement dynamical variable) becomes the parameter x argument of the scalar field, ${\displaystyle \phi (x,t)}$ .
### Molecular vibrations
• The vibrations of a diatomic molecule are an example of a two-body version of the quantum harmonic oscillator. In this case, the angular frequency is given by
${\displaystyle \omega ={\sqrt {\frac {k}{\mu }}}}$
where ${\displaystyle \mu ={\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{m_{1}+m_{2}}}}$ is the reduced mass and ${\displaystyle m_{1}}$ and ${\displaystyle m_{2}}$ are the masses of the two atoms.[11]
• The Hooke's atom is a simple model of the helium atom using the quantum harmonic oscillator.
• Modelling phonons, as discussed above.
• A charge ${\displaystyle q}$ , with mass ${\displaystyle m}$ , in a uniform magnetic field ${\displaystyle \mathbf {B} }$ , is an example of a one-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator: the Landau quantization.
## References
1. ^ Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-805326-0.
2. ^ Liboff, Richard L. (2002). Introductory Quantum Mechanics. Addison–Wesley. ISBN 978-0-8053-8714-8.
3. ^ Rashid, Muneer A. (2006). "Transition amplitude for time-dependent linear harmonic oscillator with Linear time-dependent terms added to the Hamiltonian" . M.A. Rashid – Center for Advanced Mathematics and Physics. National Center for Physics. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
4. ^ The normalization constant is ${\displaystyle C=\left({\frac {m\omega }{\pi \hbar }}\right)^{\frac {1}{4}}}$ , and satisfies the normalization condition ${\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\psi _{0}(x)^{*}\psi _{0}(x)dx=1}$ .
5. ^ See Theorem 11.4 in Hall, Brian C. (2013), Quantum Theory for Mathematicians, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 267, Springer, ISBN 978-1461471158
6. ^ Pauli, W. (2000), Wave Mechanics: Volume 5 of Pauli Lectures on Physics (Dover Books on Physics). ISBN 978-0486414621 ; Section 44.
7. ^ Condon, E. U. (1937). "Immersion of the Fourier transform in a continuous group of functional transformations", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 23, 158–164. online
8. ^ Albert Messiah, Quantum Mechanics, 1967, North-Holland, Ch XII, § 15, p 456.online
9. ^ Fradkin, D. M. "Three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator and SU3." American Journal of Physics 33 (3) (1965) 207–211.
10. ^ Mahan, GD (1981). many particle physics. New York: springer. ISBN 978-0306463389.
11. ^ "Quantum Harmonic Oscillator". Hyperphysics. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
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https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/890814/residue-integral-int-0-infty-fracxn-2x-1x2n-1-mathrmdx
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# Residue Integral: $\int_0^\infty \frac{x^n - 2x + 1}{x^{2n} - 1} \mathrm{d}x$
Inspired by some of the greats on this site, I've been trying to improve my residue theorem skills. I've come across the integral
$$\int_0^\infty \frac{x^n - 2x + 1}{x^{2n} - 1} \mathrm{d}x,$$
where $n$ is a positive integer that is at least $2$, and I'd like to evaluate it with the residue theorem. Through non-complex methods, I know that the integral is $0$ for all $n \geq 2$. But I know that it can be done with the residue theorem.
The trouble comes in choosing a contour. We're probably going to do some pie-slice contour, perhaps small enough to avoid any of the $2n$th roots of unity, and it's clear that the outer-circle will vanish. But I'm having trouble evaluating the integral on the contour, or getting cancellation.
Can you help? (Also, do you have a book reference for collections of calculations of integrals with the residue theorem that might have similar examples?)
• was it from mathematics magazine? – DeepSea Aug 8 '14 at 7:35
• Yes, that's right! It's problem 1912 from February, 2013. – BigThumb Aug 8 '14 at 7:37
• How exactly were you able to show that its value is $0$ for $n>1$ ? – Lucian Aug 8 '14 at 8:02
We want to prove that the integral is $0$ for $n>1$, it is the same thing as $$\int_0^{\infty} \frac{\mathrm{d}x}{x^n+1} = 2\int_0^{\infty} \frac{x-1}{x^{2n}-1} \ \mathrm{d}x.$$ The left hand integral is widely known to be $\frac{\pi}{n} \csc \frac{\pi}{n}$, we want to calculate the right hand integral. let $f(x)=\frac{x-1}{x^{2n}-1}$, and consider the contour $C=C_1\cup C_2\cup C_3$ where $$C_1=[0,r],\ C_2=\left\{z \in \mathbb{C} | |z|=r,\ \arg(z) \in \left[0,\frac{\pi}{2n}\right]\right\},\ \ C_3 =e^{\frac{\pi i}{2n}} C_1.$$ Here's what the contour look like
Notice that $\int_C f(z) \ \mathrm{d}z=0$ (the integral is taken counter clockwise always) since $f$ is holomorphic inside $C$. and $$\left|\int_{C_2} f(x)\ \mathrm{d}x \right| =\mathcal{O}(r^{-1}) \to 0.$$ And \begin{align*} \int_{C_3}f(z) \ \mathrm{d}z &= e^{\frac{\pi i}{2n}}\int_0^r f\left(x e^{\frac{\pi i }{2n}}\right) \ \mathrm{d}x \\ &=e^{\frac{\pi i}{2n}}\int_0^r \frac{e^{\frac{\pi i}{2n}}x -1}{x^{2n}+1} \ \mathrm{d}x \\ &= e^{\frac{\pi i}{n}}\int_0^r \frac{x }{x^{2n}+1} \ \mathrm{d}x-e^{\frac{\pi i}{2n}}\int_0^r \frac{1}{x^{2n}+1} \ \mathrm{d}x. \end{align*} Note that $\int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{x}{x^{2n}+1} \ \mathrm{d}x = \frac{\pi }{2n} \csc \frac{\pi}{n}$, then by taking $r\to \infty$ we get $$\int_0^{\infty} f(x) \ \mathrm{d}x =-e^{\frac{\pi i}{n}}\cdot \frac{\pi }{2n} \csc \frac{\pi}{n} + e^{\frac{\pi i}{2n}} \frac{\pi }{2n} \csc \frac{\pi}{2n} = \frac{\pi}{2n} \csc \frac{\pi}{n}.$$ Which is what we were looking for.
• Hi, I am wondering how the last $=$ works, which seems to imply $-e^{i\pi/n} + e^{i\pi/(2n)} = 1$? – Taozi Apr 26 '16 at 15:08
By factorization what we are trying to prove is: $$\int_0^\infty \frac{1}{x^n-1} dx = 2 \int_0^\infty \frac{x}{x^{2n}-1} dx$$ On the right hand side let $x \rightarrow \sqrt{t}$.
|
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https://homotopytypetheory.org/blog/page/2/
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## HoTTSQL: Proving Query Rewrites with Univalent SQL Semantics
SQL is the lingua franca for retrieving structured data. Existing semantics for SQL, however, either do not model crucial features of the language (e.g., relational algebra lacks bag semantics, correlated subqueries, and aggregation), or make it hard to formally reason about SQL query rewrites (e.g., the SQL standard’s English is too informal). This post focuses on the ways that HoTT concepts (e.g., Homotopy Types, the Univalence Axiom, and Truncation) enabled us to develop HoTTSQL — a new SQL semantics that makes it easy to formally reason about SQL query rewrites. Our paper also details the rich set of SQL features supported by HoTTSQL.
Posted in Applications | 5 Comments
## Combinatorial Species and Finite Sets in HoTT
(Post by Brent Yorgey)
My dissertation was on the topic of combinatorial species, and specifically on the idea of using species as a foundation for thinking about generalized notions of algebraic data types. (Species are sort of dual to containers; I think both have intereseting and complementary things to offer in this space.) I didn’t really end up getting very far into practicalities, instead getting sucked into a bunch of more foundational issues.
To use species as a basis for computational things, I wanted to first “port” the definition from traditional, set-theory-based, classical mathematics into a constructive type theory. HoTT came along at just the right time, and seems to provide exactly the right framework for thinking about a constructive encoding of combinatorial species.
For those who are familiar with HoTT, this post will contain nothing all that new. But I hope it can serve as a nice example of an “application” of HoTT. (At least, it’s more applied than research in HoTT itself.)
# Combinatorial Species
Traditionally, a species is defined as a functor $F : \mathbb{B} \to \mathbf{FinSet}$, where $\mathbb{B}$ is the groupoid of finite sets and bijections, and $\mathbf{FinSet}$ is the category of finite sets and (total) functions. Intuitively, we can think of a species as mapping finite sets of “labels” to finite sets of “structures” built from those labels. For example, the species of linear orderings (i.e. lists) maps the finite set of labels $\{1,2, \dots, n\}$ to the size-$n!$ set of all possible linear orderings of those labels. Functoriality ensures that the specific identity of the labels does not matter—we can always coherently relabel things.
# Constructive Finiteness
So what happens when we try to define species inside a constructive type theory? The crucial piece is $\mathbb{B}$: the thing that makes species interesting is that they have built into them a notion of bijective relabelling, and this is encoded by the groupoid $\mathbb{B}$. The first problem we run into is how to encode the notion of a finite set, since the notion of finiteness is nontrivial in a constructive setting.
One might well ask why we even care about finiteness in the first place. Why not just use the groupoid of all sets and bijections? To be honest, I have asked myself this question many times, and I still don’t feel as though I have an entirely satisfactory answer. But what it seems to come down to is the fact that species can be seen as a categorification of generating functions. Generating functions over the semiring $R$ can be represented by functions $\mathbb{N} \to R$, that is, each natural number maps to some coefficient in $R$; each natural number, categorified, corresponds to (an equivalence class of) finite sets. Finite label sets are also important insofar as our goal is to actually use species as a basis for computation. In a computational setting, one often wants to be able to do things like enumerate all labels (e.g. in order to iterate through them, to do something like a map or fold). It will therefore be important that our encoding of finiteness actually has some computational content that we can use to enumerate labels.
Our first attempt might be to say that a finite set will be encoded as a type $A$ together with a bijection between $A$ and a canonical finite set of a particular natural number size. That is, assuming standard inductively defined types $\mathbb{N}$ and $\mathsf{Fin}$,
$\displaystyle \Sigma (A:U). \Sigma (n : \mathbb{N}). A \cong \mathsf{Fin}(n).$
However, this is unsatisfactory, since defining a suitable notion of bijections/isomorphisms between such finite sets is tricky. Since $\mathbb{B}$ is supposed to be a groupoid, we are naturally led to try using equalities (i.e. paths) as morphisms—but this does not work with the above definition of finite sets. In $\mathbb{B}$, there are supposed to be $n!$ different morphisms between any two sets of size $n$. However, given any two same-size inhabitants of the above type, there is only one path between them—intuitively, this is because paths between $\Sigma$-types correspond to tuples of paths relating the components pointwise, and such paths must therefore preserve the particular relation to $\mathsf{Fin}(n)$. The only bijection which is allowed is the one which sends each element related to $i$ to the other element related to $i$, for each $i \in \mathsf{Fin}(n)$.
So elements of the above type are not just finite sets, they are finite sets with a total order, and paths between them must be order-preserving; this is too restrictive. (However, this type is not without interest, and can be used to build a counterpart to L-species. In fact, I think this is exactly the right setting in which to understand the relationship between species and L-species, and more generally the difference between isomorphism and equipotence of species; there is more on this in my dissertation.)
# Truncation to the Rescue
We can fix things using propositional truncation. In particular, we define
$\displaystyle U_F := \Sigma (A:U). \|\Sigma (n : \mathbb{N}). A \cong \mathsf{Fin}(n)\|.$
That is, a “finite set” is a type $A$ together with some hidden evidence that $A$ is equivalent to $\mathsf{Fin}(n)$ for some $n$. (I will sometimes abuse notation and write $A : U_F$ instead of $(A, p) : U_F$.) A few observations:
• First, we can pull the size $n$ out of the propositional truncation, that is, $U_F \cong \Sigma (A:U). \Sigma (n: \mathbb{N}). \|A \cong \mathsf{Fin}(n)\|$. Intuitively, this is because if a set is finite, there is only one possible size it can have, so the evidence that it has that size is actually a mere proposition.
• More generally, I mentioned previously that we sometimes want to use the computational evidence for the finiteness of a set of labels, e.g. enumerating the labels in order to do things like maps and folds. It may seem at first glance that we cannot do this, since the computational evidence is now hidden inside a propositional truncation. But actually, things are exactly the way they should be: the point is that we can use the bijection hidden in the propositional truncation as long as the result does not depend on the particular bijection we find there. For example, we cannot write a function which returns the value of type $A$ corresponding to $0 : \mathsf{Fin}(n)$, since this reveals something about the underlying bijection; but we can write a function which finds the smallest value of $A$ (with respect to some linear ordering), by iterating through all the values of $A$ and taking the minimum.
• It is not hard to show that if $A : U_F$, then $A$ is a set (i.e. a 0-type) with decidable equality, since $A$ is equivalent to the 0-type $\mathsf{Fin}(n)$. Likewise, $U_F$ itself is a 1-type.
• Finally, note that paths between inhabitants of $U_F$ now do exactly what we want: a path $(A,p) = (B,q)$ is really just a path $A = B$ between 0-types, that is, a bijection, since $p = q$ trivially.
# Constructive Species
We can now define species in HoTT as functions of type $U_F \to U$. The main reason I think this is the Right Definition ™ of species in HoTT is that functoriality comes for free! When defining species in set theory, one must say “a species is a functor, i.e. a pair of mappings satisfying such-and-such properties”. When constructing a particular species one must explicitly demonstrate the functoriality properties; since the mappings are just functions on sets, it is quite possible to write down mappings which are not functorial. But in HoTT, all functions are functorial with respect to paths, and we are using paths to represent the morphisms in $U_F$, so any function of type $U_F \to U$ automatically has the right functoriality properties—it is literally impossible to write down an invalid species. Actually, in my dissertation I define species as functors between certain categories built from $U_F$ and $U$, but the point is that any function $U_F \to U$ can be automatically lifted to such a functor.
Here’s another nice thing about the theory of species in HoTT. In HoTT, coends whose index category are groupoids are just plain $\Sigma$-types. That is, if $\mathbb{C}$ is a groupoid, $\mathbb{D}$ a category, and $T : \mathbb{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \times \mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{D}$, then $\int^C T(C,C) \cong \Sigma (C : \mathbb{C}). T(C,C)$. In set theory, this coend would be a quotient of the corresponding $\Sigma$-type, but in HoTT the isomorphisms of $\mathbb{C}$ are required to correspond to paths, which automatically induce paths over the $\Sigma$-type which correspond to the necessary quotient. Put another way, we can define coends in HoTT as a certain HIT, but in the case that $\mathbb{C}$ is a groupoid we already get all the paths given by the higher path constructor anyway, so it is redundant. So, what does this have to do with species, I hear you ask? Well, several species constructions involve coends (most notably partitional product); since species are functors from a groupoid, the definitions of these constructions in HoTT are particularly simple. We again get the right thing essentially “for free”.
There’s lots more in my dissertation, of course, but these are a few of the key ideas specifically relating species and HoTT. I am far from being an expert on either, but am happy to entertain comments, questions, etc. I can also point you to the right section of my dissertation if you’re interested in more detail about anything I mentioned above.
## Parametricity and excluded middle
Exercise 6.9 of the HoTT book tells us that, and assuming LEM, we can exhibit a function $f:\Pi_{X:\mathcal{U}}(X\to X)$ such that $f_\mathbf{2}$ is a non-identity function $\mathbf{2}\to\mathbf{2}.$ I have proved the converse of this. Like in exercise 6.9, we assume univalence.
## Parametricity
In a typical functional programming career, at some point one encounters the notions of parametricity and free theorems.
Parametricity can be used to answer questions such as: is every function
f : forall x. x -> x
equal to the identity function? Parametricity tells us that this is true for System F.
However, this is a metatheoretical statement. Parametricity gives properties about the terms of a language, rather than proving internally that certain elements satisfy some properties.
So what can we prove internally about a polymorphic function $f:\Pi_{X:\mathcal{U}}X\to X$?
In particular, we can see that internal proofs (claiming that $f$ must be the identity function for every type $X$cannot exist: exercise 6.9 of the HoTT book tells us that, assuming LEM, we can exhibit a function $f:\Pi_{X:\mathcal{U}}(X\to X)$ such that $f_\mathbf{2}$ is $\mathsf{flip}:\mathbf{2}\to\mathbf{2}.$ (Notice that the proof of this is not quite as trivial as it may seem: LEM only gives us $P+\neg P$ if $P$ is a (mere) proposition (a.k.a. subsingleton). Hence, simple case analysis on $X\simeq\mathbf{2}$ does not work, because this is not necessarily a proposition.)
And given the fact that LEM is consistent with univalent foundations, this means that a proof that $f$ is the identity function cannot exist.
I have proved that LEM is exactly what is needed to get a polymorphic function that is not the identity on the booleans.
Theorem. If there is a function $f:\Pi_{X:\mathcal U}X\to X$ with $f_\mathbf2\neq\mathsf{id}_\mathbf2,$ then LEM holds.
## Proof idea
If $f_\mathbf2\neq\mathsf{id}_\mathbf2,$ then by simply trying both elements $0_\mathbf2,1_\mathbf2:\mathbf2,$ we can find an explicit boolean $b:\mathbf2$ such that $f_\mathbf2(b)\neq b.$ Without loss of generality, we can assume $f_\mathbf2(0_\mathbf2)\neq 0_\mathbf2.$
For the remainder of this analysis, let $P$ be an arbitrary proposition. Then we want to achieve $P+\neg P,$ to prove LEM.
We will consider a type with three points, where we identify two points depending on whether $P$ holds. In other words, we consider the quotient of a three-element type, where the relation between two of those points is the proposition $P.$
I will call this space $\mathbf{3}_P,$ and it can be defined as $\Sigma P+\mathbf{1},$ where $\Sigma P$ is the suspension of $P.$ This particular way of defining the quotient, which is equivalent to a quotient of a three-point set, will make case analysis simpler to set up. (Note that suspensions are not generally quotients: we use the fact that $P$ is a proposition here.)
Notice that if $P$ holds, then $\mathbf{3}_P\simeq\mathbf{2},$ and also $(\mathbf{3}_P\simeq\mathbf{3}_P)\simeq\mathbf{2}.$
We will consider $f$ at the type $(\mathbf{3}_P\simeq\mathbf{3}_P)$ (not $\mathbf{3}_P$ itself!). Now the proof continues by defining
$g:=f_{\mathbf{3}_P\simeq\mathbf{3}_P}(\mathsf{ide}_{\mathbf{3}_P}):\mathbf{3}_P\simeq\mathbf{3}_P$
(where $\mathsf{ide_{\mathbf3_P}}$ is the equivalence given by the identity function on $\mathbf3_P$) and doing case analysis on $g(\mathsf{inr}(*)),$ and if necessary also on $g(\mathsf{inl}(x))$ for some elements $x:\Sigma P.$ I do not believe it is very instructive to spell out all cases explicitly here. I wrote a more detailed note containing an explicit proof.
Notice that doing case analysis here is simply an instance of the induction principle for $+.$ In particular, we do not require decidable equality of $\mathbf3_P$ (which would already give us $P+\neg P,$ which is exactly what we are trying to prove).
For the sake of illustration, here is one case:
• $g(\mathsf{inr}(*))= \mathsf{inr}(*):$ Assume $P$ holds. Then since $(\mathbf{3}_P\simeq\mathbf{3}_P)\simeq\mathbf{2},$ then by transporting along an appropriate equivalence (namely the one that identifies $0_\mathbf2$ with $\mathsf{ide}_{\mathbf3_P}),$ we get $f_{\mathbf{3}_P\simeq\mathbf{3}_P}(\mathsf{ide}_{\mathbf{3}_P})\neq\mathsf{ide}_{\mathbf{3}_P}.$ But since $g$ is an equivalence for which $\mathsf{inr}(*)$ is a fixed point, $g$ must be the identity everywhere, that is, $g=\mathsf{ide}_{\mathbf{3}_P},$ which is a contradiction.
I formalized this proof in Agda using the HoTT-Agda library
## Acknowledgements
Thanks to Martín Escardó, my supervisor, for his support. Thanks to Uday Reddy for giving the talk on parametricity that inspired me to think about this.
Posted in Foundations | 13 Comments
## Colimits in HoTT
In this post, I would want to present you two things:
1. the small library about colimits that I formalized in Coq,
2. a construction of the image of a function as a colimit, which is essentially a sliced version of the result that Floris van Doorn talked in this blog recently, and further improvements.
I present my hott-colimits library in the first part. This part is quite easy but I hope that the library could be useful to some people. The second part is more original. Lets sketch it.
Given a function $f_0:\ A \rightarrow B$ we can construct a diagram
where the HIT $\mathbf{KP}$ is defined by:
HIT KP f :=
| kp : A -> KP f
| kp_eq : forall x x', f(x) = f(x') -> kp(x) = kp(x').
and where $f_{n+1}$ is defined recursively from $f_n$. We call this diagram the iterated kernel pair of $f_0$. The result is that the colimit of this diagram is $\Sigma_{y:B} \parallel \mathbf{fib}_{f_0}\ y \parallel$, the image of $f_0$ ($\mathbf{fib}_{f_0}\ y$ is $\Sigma_{x:A}\ f_0(x) = y$ the homotopy fiber of $f_0$ in $y$).
It generalizes Floris’ result in the following sense: if we consider the unique arrow $f_0: A \rightarrow \mathbf{1}$ (where $\mathbf{1}$ is Unit) then $\mathbf{KP}(f_0)$ is $\{ A \}$ the one-step truncation of $A$ and the colimit is equivalent to $\parallel A \parallel$ the truncation of $A$.
We then go further. Indeed, this HIT doesn’t respect the homotopy levels at all: even $\{\mathbf{1}\}$ is the circle. We try to address this issue considering an HIT that take care of already existing paths:
HIT KP' f :=
| kp : A -> KP' f
| kp_eq : forall x x', f(x) = f(x') -> kp(x) = kp(x').
| kp_eq_1 : forall x, kp_eq (refl (f x)) = refl (kp x)
This HIT avoid adding new paths when some elements are already equals, and turns out to better respect homotopy level: it at least respects hProps. See below for the details.
Besides, there is another interesting thing considering this HIT: we can sketch a link between the iterated kernel pair using $\mathbf{KP'}$ and the Čech nerve of a function. We outline this in the last paragraph.
All the following is joint work with Kevin Quirin and Nicolas Tabareau (from the CoqHoTT project), but also with Egbert Rijke, who visited us.
All our results are formalized in Coq. The library is available here:
https://github.com/SimonBoulier/hott-colimits
# Colimits in HoTT
In homotopy type theory, Type, the type of all types can be seen as an ∞-category. We seek to calculate some homotopy limits and colimits in this category. The article of Jeremy Avigad, Krzysztof Kapulkin and Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine explain how to calculate the limits over graphs using sigma types. For instance an equalizer of two function $f$ and $g$ is $\Sigma_{x:A} f(x) = g(x)$.
The colimits over graphs are computed in same way with Higher Inductive Types instead of sigma types. For instance, the coequalizer of two functions is
HIT Coeq (f g: A -> B) : Type :=
| coeq : B -> Coeq f g
| cp : forall x, coeq (f x) = coeq (g x).
In both case there is a severe restriction: we don’t know how two compute limits and colimits over diagrams which are much more complicated than those generated by some graphs (below we use an extension to “graphs with compositions” which is proposed in the exercise 7.16 of the HoTT book, but those diagrams remain quite poor).
We first define the type of graphs and diagrams, as in the HoTT book (exercise 7.2) or in hott-limits library of Lumsdaine et al.:
Record graph := {
G_0 :> Type ;
G_1 :> G_0 -> G_0 - Type }.
Record diagram (G : graph) := {
D_0 :> G -> Type ;
D_1 : forall {i j : G}, G i j -> (D_0 i -> D_0 j) }.
And then, a cocone over a diagram into a type $Q$ :
Record cocone {G: graph} (D: diagram G) (Q: Type) := {
q : forall (i: G), D i - X ;
qq : forall (i j: G) (g: G i j) (x: D i),
q j (D_1 g x) = q i x }.
Let $C:\mathrm{cocone}\ D\ Q$ be a cocone into $Q$ and $f$ be a function $Q \rightarrow Q'$. Then we can extend $C$ to a cocone into $Q'$ by postcomposition with $f$. It gives us a function
$\mathrm{postcompose} :\ (\mathrm{cocone}\ D\ Q) \rightarrow (Q': \mathrm{Type}) \rightarrow (Q \rightarrow Q')\rightarrow (\mathrm{cocone}\ D\ Q')$
A cocone $C$ is said to be universal if, for all other cocone $C'$ over the same diagram, $C'$ can be obtained uniquely by extension of $C$, that we translate by:
Definition is_universal (C: cocone D Q)
:= forall (Q': Type), IsEquiv (postcompose_cocone C Q').
Last, a type $Q$ is said to be a colimit of the diagram $D$ if there exists a universal cocone over $D$ into $Q$.
## Existence
The existence of the colimit over a diagram is given by the HIT:
HIT colimit (D: diagram G) : Type :=
| colim : forall (i: G), D i - colimit D
| eq : forall (i j: G) (g: G i j) (x: D i),
colim j (D_1 g x) = colim i x
Of course, $\mathrm{colimit}\ D$ is a colimit of $D$.
## Functoriality and Uniqueness
### Diagram morphisms
Let $D$ and $D'$ be two diagrams over the same graph $G$. A morphism of diagrams is defined by:
Record diagram_map (D1 D2 : diagram G) := {
map_0: forall i, D1 i - D2 i ;
map_1: forall i j (g: G i j) x,
D_1 D2 g (map_0 i x) = map_0 j (D_1 D1 g x) }.
We can compose diagram morphisms and there is an identity morphism. We say that a morphism $m$ is an equivalence of diagrams if all functions $m_i$ are equivalences. In that case, we can define the inverse of $m$ (reversing the proofs of commutation), and check that it is indeed an inverse for the composition of diagram morphisms.
### Precomposition
We yet defined forward extension of a cocone by postcomposition, we now define backward extension. Given a diagram morphism $m: D \Rightarrow D'$, we can make every cocone over $D'$ into a cocone over $D$ by precomposition by $m$. It gives us a function
$\mathrm{precompose} :\ (D \Rightarrow D') \rightarrow (Q : \mathrm{Type})\rightarrow (\mathrm{cocone}\ D'\ Q) \rightarrow (\mathrm{cocone}\ D\ Q)$
We check that precomposition and postcomposition respect the identity and the composition of morphism. And then, we can show that the notions of universality and colimits are stable by equivalence.
### Functoriality of colimits
Let $m: D \Rightarrow D'$ be a diagram morphism and $Q$ and $Q'$ two colimits of $D$ and $D'$. Let’s note $C$ and $C'$ the universal cocone into $Q$ and $Q'$. Then, we can get a function $Q \rightarrow Q'$ given by:
$(\mathrm{postcompose}\ C\ Q)^{-1}\ (\mathrm{precompose}\ m\ Q'\ C')$
We check that if $m$ is an equivalence of diagram then the function $Q' \rightarrow Q$ given by $m^{-1}$ is well an inverse of $Q \rightarrow Q'$.
As a consequence, we get:
The colimits of two equivalents diagrams are equivalent.
### Uniqueness
In particular, if we consider the identity morphism $D \Rightarrow D$ we get:
Let $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ be two colimits of the same diagram, then: $Q_1~\simeq~Q_2~$.
So, if we assume univalence, the colimit of a diagram is truly unique!
## Commutation with sigmas
Let $B$ be a type and, for all $y:B$, $D^y$ a diagram over a graph $G$. We can then build a new diagram over $G$ whose objects are the $\Sigma_y D_0^y(i)\$ and functions $\Sigma_y D_0^y(i) \rightarrow \Sigma_y D_0^y(j)$ are induced by the identity on the first component and by $D_1^y(g) : D_0^y(i) \rightarrow D_0^y(j)$ on the second one. Let’s note $\Sigma D$ this diagram.
Seemingly, from a family of cocone $C:\Pi_y\mathrm{cocone}\ D^y\ Q_y$, we can make a cocone over $\Sigma D$ into $\Sigma_y Q_y$.
We proved the following result, which we believed to be quite nice:
If, for all $y:B\$, $Q_y$ is a colimit of $D_y$, then $\Sigma_y Q_y$ is a colimit of $\Sigma D$.
# Iterated Kernel Pair
## First construction
Let’s first recall the result of Floris. An attempt to define the propositional truncation is the following:
HIT {_} (A: Type) :=
| α : A -> {A}
| e : forall (x x': A), α x = α x'.
Unfortunately, in general $\{ A \}$ is not a proposition, the path constructor $\mathrm{e}$ is not strong enough. But we have the following result:
Let $A$ be a type. Let’s consider the following diagram:
$A \rightarrow \{A\} \rightarrow \{\{A\}\} \rightarrow \dots$
Then, $\parallel A \parallel$ is a colimit of this diagram.
Let’s generalize this result to a function $f: A \rightarrow B$ (we will recover the theorem considering the unique function $A \rightarrow \mathbf{1}$).
Let $f: A \rightarrow B$. We note $\mathbf{KP}(f)$ the colimit of the kernel pair of $f$:
where the pullback $A \times_B A$ is given by $\Sigma_{x,\, x'}\, f(x) = f(x')$.
Hence, $\mathbf{KP}(f)$ is the following HIT:
Inductive KP f :=
| kp : A -> KP f
| kp_eq : forall x x', f(x) = f(x') -> kp(x) = kp(x').
Let’s consider the following cocone:
we get a function $\mathrm{lift}_f: \mathbf{KP}(f) \rightarrow B$ by universality (another point of view is to say that $\mathrm{lift}_f$ is defined by $\mathbf{KP\_rec}(f, \lambda\ p.\ p)$).
Then, iteratively, we can construct the following diagram:
where $f_0 := f :\ A \rightarrow B$ and $f_{n+1} := \mathrm{lift}_{f_n} :\ \mathbf{KP}(f_n) \rightarrow B$.
The iterated kernel pair of $f$ is the subdiagram
We proved the following result:
The colimit of this diagram is $\Sigma_{y:B}\parallel \mathbf{fib}_f\ y\parallel \$, the image of $f$.
The proof is a slicing argument to come down to Floris’ result. It uses all properties of colimits that we talked above. The idea is to show that those three diagrams are equivalent.
Going from the first line to the second is just apply the equivalence $A\ \simeq\ \Sigma_{y:B}\mathbf{fib}_f\ y$ (for $f: A \rightarrow B$) at each type. Going from the second to the third is more involved, we don’t detail it here. And $\Sigma_{y:B}\parallel \mathbf{fib}_f\ y\parallel \$ is well the colimit of the last line: by commutation with sigmas it is sufficient to show that for all $y$, $\parallel \mathbf{fib}_f\ y\parallel \$ is the colimit of the diagram
which is exactly Floris’ result!
The details are available here.
## Second construction
The previous construction has a small defect: it did not respect the homotopy level at all. For instance $\{\mathbf{1}\}$ is the circle $\mathbb{S}^1$. Hence, to compute $\parallel \mathbf{1}\parallel$ (which is $\mathbf{1}$ of course), we go through very complex types.
We found a way to improve this: adding identities!
Indeed, the proof keeps working if we replace $\mathbf{KP}$ by $\mathbf{KP'}$ which is defined by:
Inductive KP' f :=
| kp : A -> KP' f
| kp_eq : forall x x', f(x) = f(x') -> kp(x) = kp(x').
| kp_eq_1 : forall x, kp_eq (refl (f x)) = refl (kp x)
$\mathbf{KP'}$ can be seen as a “colimit with identities” of the following diagram :
(♣)
with $\pi_i \circ \delta = \mathrm{id}$.
In his article, Floris explains that, when $p:\ a =_A b$ then $\mathrm{ap}_\alpha(p)$ and $\mathrm{t\_eq}\ a\ b$ are not equal. But now they become equal: by path induction we bring back to $\mathrm{kp\_eq\_1}$. That is, if two elements are already equal, we don’t add any path between them.
And indeed, this new HIT respects the homotopy level better, at least in the following sense:
1. $\mathbf{KP'}(\mathbf{1} \rightarrow \mathbf{1})$ is $\mathbf{1}$ (meaning that the one-step truncation of a contractible type is now $\mathbf{1}$),
2. If $f: A \rightarrow B$ is an embedding (in the sense that $\mathrm{ap}(f) : x = y \rightarrow f(x) = f(y)$ is an equivalence for all $x, y$) then so is $\mathrm{lift}_f : \mathbf{KP'}(f) \rightarrow B$. In particular, if $A$ is hProp then so is $\mathbf{KP'}(A \rightarrow \mathbf{1})$ (meaning that the one-step truncation of an hProp is now itself).
## Toward a link with the Čech nerve
Although we don’t succeed in making it precise, there are several hints which suggest a link between the iterated kernel pair and the Čech nerve of a function.
The Čech nerve of a function $f$ is a generalization of his kernel pair: it is the simplicial object
(the degeneracies are not dawn but they are present).
We will call n-truncated Čech nerve the diagram restricted to the n+1 first objects:
(degeneracies still here).
The kernel pair (♣) is then the 1-truncated Čech nerve.
We wonder to which extent $\mathbf{KP}(f_n)$ could be the colimit of the (n+1)-truncated Čech nerve. We are far from having such a proof but we succeeded in proving :
1. That $\mathbf{KP'}(f_0)$ is the colimit of the kernel pair (♣),
2. and that there is a cocone over the 2-trunated Čech nerve into $\mathbf{KP'}(f_1)$
(both in the sense of “graphs with compositions”, see exercise 7.16 of the HoTT book).
The second point is quite interesting because it makes the path concatenation appear. We don’t detail exactly how, but to build a cocone over the 2-trunated Čech nerve into a type $C$, $C$ must have a certain compatibility with the path concatenation. $\mathbf{KP'}(f)$ doesn’t have such a compatibility: if $p:\ f(a) =_A f(b)$ and $q:\ f(b) =_A f(c)$, in general we do not have
$\mathrm{kp\_eq}_f\ (p \centerdot q)\ =\ \mathrm{kp\_eq}_f\ p\ \centerdot\ \mathrm{kp\_eq}_f\ q$ in $\mathrm{kp}(a)\ =_{\mathbf{KP'}(f)}\ \mathrm{kp}(c)$.
On the contrary, $\mathbf{KP'}(f_1)$ have the require compatibility: we can prove that
$\mathrm{kp\_eq}_{f_1}\ (p \centerdot q)\ =\ \mathrm{kp\_eq}_{f_1}\ p\ \centerdot\ \mathrm{kp\_eq}_{f_1}\ q$ in $\mathrm{kp}(\mathrm{kp}(a))\ =_{\mathbf{KP'}(f_1)}\ \mathrm{kp}(\mathrm{kp}(c))$.
($p$ has indeed the type $f_1(\mathrm{kp}(a)) = f_1(\mathrm{kp}(b))$ because $f_1$ is $\mathbf{KP\_rec}(f, \lambda\ p.\ p)$ and then $f_1(\mathrm{kp}(x)) \equiv x$.)
This fact is quite surprising. The proof is basically getting an equation with a transport with apD and then making the transport into a path concatenation (see the file link_KPv2_CechNerve.v of the library for more details).
## Questions
Many questions are left opened. To what extent $\mathbf{KP}(f_n)$ is linked with the (n+1)-truncated diagram? Could we use the idea of the iterated kernel pair to define a groupoid object internally? Indeed, in an ∞-topos every groupoid object is effective (by Giraud’s axioms) an then is the Čech nerve of his colimit…
Posted in Code, Higher Inductive Types | 14 Comments
## The Lean Theorem Prover
Lean is a new player in the field of proof assistants for Homotopy Type Theory. It is being developed by Leonardo de Moura working at Microsoft Research, and it is still under active development for the foreseeable future. The code is open source, and available on Github.
You can install it on Windows, OS X or Linux. It will come with a useful mode for Emacs, with syntax highlighting, on-the-fly syntax checking, autocompletion and many other features. There is also an online version of Lean which you can try in your browser. The on-line version is quite a bit slower than the native version and it takes a little while to load, but it is still useful to try out small code snippets. You are invited to test the code snippets in this post in the on-line version. You can run code by pressing shift+enter.
In this post I’ll first say more about the Lean proof assistant, and then talk about the considerations for the HoTT library of Lean (Lean has two libraries, the standard library and the HoTT library). I will also cover our approach to higher inductive types. Since Lean is not mature yet, things mentioned below can change in the future.
Update January 2017: the newest version of Lean currently doesn’t support HoTT, but there is a frozen version which does support HoTT. The newest version is available here, and the frozen version is available here. To use the frozen version, you will have to compile it from the source code yourself.
Posted in Code, Higher Inductive Types, Programming | 48 Comments
## Real-cohesive homotopy type theory
Two new papers have recently appeared online:
Both of them have fairly chatty introductions, so I’ll try to restrain myself from pontificating at length here about their contents. Just go read the introductions. Instead I’ll say a few words about how these papers came about and how they are related to each other.
Posted in Applications, Foundations, Paper | 12 Comments
## A new class of models for the univalence axiom
First of all, in case anyone missed it, Chris Kapulkin recently wrote a guest post at the n-category cafe summarizing the current state of the art regarding “homotopy type theory as the internal language of higher categories”.
I’ve just posted a preprint which improves that state a bit, providing a version of “Lang(C)” containing univalent strict universes for a wider class of (∞,1)-toposes C:
Posted in Models, Paper, Univalence | 4 Comments
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http://codeforces.com/blog/zscoder
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### zscoder's blog
By zscoder, history, 9 days ago, ,
Bank Robbery
Cutting Carrot
Naming Company
Labelling Cities
Choosing Carrot
Leha and security system
Replace All
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By zscoder, 11 days ago, ,
Hi all!
On May 13, 12:35 MSK, Tinkoff Challenge — Final Round will be held. Standings of the official finalists are availiable here.
The authors of the round are me (zscoder, Zi Song Yeoh), AnonymousBunny (Sreejato Kishor Bhattacharya), hloya_ygrt (Yury Shilyaev).
Special thanks to KAN (Nikolay Kalinin) for coordinating the round, winger (Vladislav Isenbaev) and AlexFetisov (Alex Fetisov) for testing the problems. Also, thanks to MikeMirzayanov (Mike Mirzayanov) for the Codeforces and Polygon system.
There are seven problems and the duration is two hours. Scoring will be announced before the round.
Top 20 participants of the Elimination Round will compete in the Tinkoff Office.
The round is rated. Division 1 and Division 2 will have the same problemset with seven problems.
We hope everyone will find interesting problems and get high rating!
UPD : Scoring Distribution : 500 — 1000 — 1750 — 2000 — 2500 — 2750 — 3500
UPD2 : The editorial is out!
UPD3 : Congratulations to the top 10 :
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By zscoder, history, 5 weeks ago, ,
Hi everyone!
Malaysian Computing Olympiad 2017 (also known as MCO 2017) has just ended a few days ago. You can find the problems in this group.
There are 6 problems and each problem is divided into several subtasks.
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By zscoder, history, 4 months ago, ,
Weekly Training Farm 22 is over. Congratulations to the winners :
1. W4yneb0t (perfect score in < 1 hour!)
2. aaaaajack (perfect score)
3. eddy1021
Here is the editorial :
### Problem A
This problem can be solved by greedy. We list down the positive integers one by one. We keep a pointer that initially points to the first letter of s. Whenever the pointed character in the string s matches the corresponding digit of the integer, we move the pointer one step to the right and continue. Repeat this process until the pointer reaches the end.
However, we still need to know whether the answer can be large. The key is to note that the answer will never exceed 106, because after writing down 10 consecutive numbers, at least one of them has last digit equals to the current digit, so the pointer will move to the right at least once when we write down 10 consecutive numbers. Thus, in the worse case, we'll only list down the numbers from 1 to 106, which is definitely fast enough.
Code
### Problem B
This problem can be solved using dynamic programming. Firstly, observe that if we already determine which set of problems to solve, then it's best to solve the problem in increasing order of time needed to solve in order to minimize the time penalty. Thus, we can first sort the problems in increasing order of time needed, breaking ties arbitarily.
Let dp[i][j] denote the maximum number of problems solved and minimum time penalty acquired when doing so by using exactly j minutes and only solving problems among the first i ones. dp[0][0] = (0, 0) (the first integer denotes the number of problems solved and the second integer denotes the time penalty in order to do so). The transitions can be handled easily by simply considering whether to solve the i-th problem or not. The time complexity of this solution is O(nT) (T is the duration of the contest)
Code
### Problem C
This is an ad hoc problem. Firstly, we can use two moves to determine what the value of the first bit is. (simply flipping it twice will tell you its value. Now, if the bit is 1, you don't need to flip it anymore. If it's 0, you'll need to flip it. In any case, we'll flip the second bit as well. (if the first bit needs to be flipped, we'll flip [1, 2] and flip [2, 2] otherwise) After flipping the second bit, we can determine whether it's a 1 or 0 by calculating from the total number of 1s of the string before the flip and after the flip. We can repeat this for every 2 consecutive bits until we arrive at the last two bits. At this point, we know what the second last bit is, and we also know the total number of 1 bits. So, we can easily deduce the value of the last bit from the information as well. Now, we just need to perform one last flip to make the last 2 bits become 1. The total number of moves made is n + 1.
Code
### Problem D1
First, we can use 18 moves to determine the value of a, by asking 2 to 19 in increasing order and the first yes answer will be the value of a. If there're no "yes" answers, then the value of a is 20.
Call a number good if it can be represented as the sum of nonnegative multiples of as and b. Note that if x is good, then x + a, x + b are both good.
Now that we have the value of a, let's think about what b is. Consider the numbers ka + 1, ka + 2, ..., ka + (a - 1) for a fixed k. If none of these numbers are good, we can immediately say that b is larger than (k + 1)a. Why? Suppose b = qa + r. Clearly, r ≠ 0 since a and b are coprime. Note that xa + r for all x ≥ q will be the good, since xa + r = (qa + r) + (x - q)a = b + (x - q)a. So, b cannot be less than any of the numbers ka + 1, ka + 2, ..., ka + (a - 1), or else one of these numbers would've been good, a contradiction. Note that this also means that if y is the smallest integer such that ya + 1, ya + 2, ..., ya + (a - 1) are not all bad, then there will be exactly one good number, which will be b. Also note that for all integers k > y, there will have at least one good number among ka + 1, ka + 2, ..., ka + (a - 1). Thus, we can now binary search for the value of y. In each iteration of the binary search, we need to ask at most a - 1 ≤ 19 questions, and there are at most iterations, so the maximum number of operations needed is 19·19 + 18 = 379 < 380.
Code
### Problem D2
This problem is the same as D1, but with higher constraints. Firstly, we find the value of a in 18 moves as in problem D. To proceed, we need to think about this problem from another angle. Suppose we know a number N that is good and not a multiple of a, and we can find the maximum number k such that N - ka is good, then what does this tell us? This means that N - ka is a multiple of b. Why? We know that N - ka = ax + by for some nonnegative integers x and y since N - ka is good. If x > 0, then N - (k + 1)a = a(x - 1) + by is also good, contradicting the maximality of k. Thus, x = 0 and so N - ka = by. Note that b > 0 since we choose N so that it's not a multiple of a.
To find a value of N such that N is good and not a multiple of a, it is sufficient to take 500000a - 1, since any number greater than ab - a - b is guaranteed to be good. (this is a well-known fact)
We can find the largest k such that N - ka is good via binary search, because if N - ma is not good then N - (m + 1)a can't be good. (or else if N - (m + 1)a = ax + by, then N - ma = a(x + 1) + by) This takes at most 19 questions.
What to do after finding a value which is a multiple of b? Let C = N - ka. We consider the prime factorization of C. The main claim is that if is good, then x must be a multiple of b. The reasoning is the same as what we did before. So, we can find the prime factorization of C, and divide the prime factors one by one. If the number becomes bad, we know that the prime factor cannot be removed, and proceed to the next prime factor. Since a number less than 10000000 can have at most 23 prime factors (maximum is 223), so this takes another 23 questions.
Thus, we only used at most 18 + 19 + 23 = 60 questions to find the values of a and b.
Code
### Problem E
Firstly, note that a connected graph on n vertices with n edges contains exactly 1 cycle. Call the vertices on the cycle the cycle vertices. From each cycle vertex, there's a tree rooted at it. Thus, call the remaining vertices the tree vertices. Note that the number of useless edges is equal to the length of the cycle.
Now, we do some casework :
• u is equal to a tree vertex
Note that this will not change the length of the cycle. Thus, we just have to count how many ways are there to change the value of au such that the graph remains connected. The observation is that for each tree node u, the only possible values of au are the nodes which are not in the subtree of u in the tree u belongs to. Thus, the number of possibilities can be calculated with a tree dp. For each tree, we calculate the subtree size of each node and add all these subtree sizes and subtract this from the total number of ways to choose a non-tree vertex u and choosing the value of au. This part can be done in O(n) time.
• u is equal to a cycle vertex
For two cycle vertices u and v, let d(u, v) be the directed distance from u to v (We consider the distance from u to v in the functional graph for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n). Note that if we change au to x, and the root of the tree x is in is v (x = v is x is a cycle vertex), then the length of the cycle after the change will be d(v, u) + 1 + h[x], where h[x] is the height of x in its tree. The key is instead of fixing u and iterate through all other nodes x, we iterate through all endpoints x and see how it changes our answer. Note that if x is fixed, which also means that v is fixed, then we just have to add 1 to the answer for c = d(v, u) + 1 + h[x] for all cycle vertices u. However, note that d(v, u) ranges from 0 to C - 1 (where C denotes the length of the original cycle), so this is equivalent to adding 1 to the answer for c = h[x] + 1, h[x] + 2, ..., h[x] + C. Now, we can iterate through all vertices x and add 1 to the answer for c = h[x] + 1, h[x] + 2, ..., h[x] + C. To do this quickly, we can employ the "+1, -1" method. Whenever we want to add 1 to a range [l, r], we add 1 to ansl and subtract 1 from ansr + 1. Then, to find the actual values of the ans array, we just have to take the prefix sum of the ans array.
Finally, do not forget to subtract the cases where v = au from the answer. The total complexity is O(n).
Code
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By zscoder, history, 4 months ago, ,
Hi everyone!
I would like to invite you to the Weekly Training Farm 22 ! The problemsetter is me (zscoder) and the tester and quality controller is dreamoon.
It will be a contest in ACM-ICPC style and contains 6 problems. The difficulty is around 500-1500-1500-1750-2500-2500 (compared to Div. 2 Contests)
The contest begins at 19:30 UTC+8 and lasts for two hours.
To join the contest, join this group (as participant) first and find Weekly Training Farm 22 on the Group Contest tab.
In addition, there will be a few interactive problems in this round. Please check the Interactive Problems Guide if you're not familiar with interactive problems.
Good luck and hope you enjoy the problems!
UPD : Contest starts in around 4.5 hours.
UPD : You can find the editorial here
UPD : Since next week will be the lunar new year, there'll be no Weekly Training Farm next week. It will resume on February.
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By zscoder, history, 4 months ago, ,
Congratulations to the winners!
Also special props to biGinNer for solving the last 3 problems (and the only one to solve F during contest)
Here are the editorials :
## Problem A.
This is a simple problem. First, we calculate the position Harry ends in after making the moves 1 time. This can be done by directly simulating the moves Harry make. Now, suppose Harry is at (x, y) after 1 iteration. Note that after every iteration, Harry will move x units to the right and y units up, so after n moves he will end up in (nx, ny). The complexity of the solution is O(|s|).
## Problem B.
This is a dp problem. Let dp[i] be the maximum possible sum of the remaining numbers in the range [1..i]. For 1 ≤ i ≤ k - 1 the value is just the sum of the numbers in the range. Let dp[0] = 0. For i ≥ k, we may choose to keep the element ai or remove a subsegment of length k which ends at ai. Thus, we arrive at the recurrence dp[i] = max(dp[i - 1] + ai, dp[i - k]). We can calculate the dp values in O(n).
## Problem C.
Observe that we can consider each prime factor separately. For each prime p that appears in N, let's see what prime power pki should we pick from each number ai so that the sum of ki is equal to the power of p in the prime factorization of N. Firstly, we need to prime factorize all the numbers ai. We can use Sieve to find the primes and the factorization can be done in . From now on, we'll focus on a specific prime p. Now, we know the maximum prime power mi we can take from each number ai (so ki ≤ mi). From here, we can use a greedy method to decide what to take from each number ai. Note that mi ≤ 20 because 220 = 1048576 > 106. So, for each number ai, we know the cost needed if we take 1, 2, ..., mi factors of p from ai. We can store a vector and for each ai, we push wip, wi(p2 - p), wi(p3 - p2), ..., wi(pmi - pmi - 1) into the vector. Now, we sort the vector and take the first x elements, where x is the power of prime p in the prime factorization of N. If we can't take x elements, the answer is - 1. We can repeat this for all primes and solve the problem in time.
## Problem D.
To solve this problem, you need to know a bit about permutations. First, we need to determine how to find the minimum number of swaps to sort a permutation. This is a well-known problem. Let the permutation be P = p1, p2, ..., pn. Construct a graph by drawing edges from i to pi for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n. Note that the graph is formed by disjoint cycles. You can easily see swapping two elements can either split a cycle into two smaller cycles, or merge two cycles into one cycle. Since the identity permutation is formed by n cycles, the optimal way is to keep splitting cycles into two and increase the total number of cycles by 1 each step. Thus, if we denote c as the number of cycles in the current permutation, the number of moves needed to sort the permutation is n - c. Harry wins if and only if n - c is odd.
The key observation is that whenever there are exactly two question marks left, the first player will always win. Why? Consider how the current graph of the permutation looks like. It will be a union of few cycles and 2 chains (we consider the singleton, a component formed by a single vertex, as a chain). Now, the first player can either choose to close off one of the chains, or join the two chains together. The latter will leave exactly 1 less number of cycles than the former. So, one of them will guarantee the value of n - c to be odd. Thus, the first player only have to choose the correct move. This implies that if the number of question marks m is at least 2, then Harry wins if m is even and loses otherwise.
Now, the only case left is when there're only 1 question mark in the beginning. This means that Harry only have 1 possible move and we're left with the problem of deciding whether the final permutation have n - c odd. Thus, it is enough to count the number of cycles in the formed graph. This can be done by dfs. The complexity of the solution is O(n).
## Problem E.
First, we form a trie of the given words. Now, the game is equivalent to the following :
1. Start from the root of the trie.
2. Each player can either move to one of the children of the current node, or delete one edge connecting the current node to one of the children.
The one who can't move loses. This reduced game can be solved with Tree DP. Let dp[u] denote the winner of the game if the first player starts at node u. The leaves have dp[u] = 2. Our goal is to find dp[0] (where 0 is the root). The recurrence is simple. Suppose we're finding dp[u] and the children of u are v1, v2, ..., vk. If one of the children has dp value of 2, then Player 1 can just move to that children and win. Otherwise, all children have dp value of 1. Thus, both players will try not to move down unless forced to. So, they'll keep deleting edges. If there are an even number of children, Player 2 will win, as he will either delete all edges or force Player 1 to move down. Otherwise, Player 1 wins. This gives a simple O(n) tree dp solution.
## Problem F.
Firstly, we make the same observations as problem C. Swapping two elements will either split a cycle into two or merge two cycles. Note that if we swap two elements from the same cycle, the cycle will split into two. If we swap two elements from different cycles, the two cycles will combine. Also note that for a cycle of size c, we can always split it into two cycles a and b with a, b > 0 and a + b = c by choosing the appropriate two elements to swap from the cycle. Now, the game reduces to choose 2 possibly equal elements from one cycle, swap them, and delete one of the resulting cycles. So, for a given permutation, if the cycle sizes are c1, c2, ..., ck, then each move we can choose one of the sizes and the operation is equivalent to changing the size into any nonnegative number strictly smaller than it. Thus, we have reduced the problem to playing a game of Nim on c1, c2, ..., ck. Since Harry goes second, he wins if and only if the xor values of all the cycle sizes is 0. (This is a well-known fact)
Thus, we've reduced the problem into finding the number of permutations of length n which have the xor of all cycle sizes equal to 0. To do so, let dp[i][j] denote the number of permutations with length i and xor of all cycle sizes equal j. The dp transitions can be done by iterating through all possible sizes s of the cycle containing i. For each s, there are ways to choose the remaining elements of the cycle containing i and (s - 1)! ways to permute them. Thus, we can sum up the values of for all 1 ≤ s ≤ i. The whole solution works in O(n3) time.
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By zscoder, history, 5 months ago, ,
Hi everyone!
I would like to invite you to the Weekly Training Farm 20 ! The problemsetter is me (zscoder) and the tester and quality controllers are dreamoon and drazil.
It will be a contest in ACM-ICPC style and contains 6 problems. The difficulty is around 500-1250-1750-2000-2250-2250 (compared to Div. 2 Contests)
The contest begins at 20:00 UTC+8 and lasts for two hours.
To join the contest, join this group (as participant) first and find Weekly Training Farm 20 on the Group Contest tab.
Reminder : The contest will start in around 5 hours from now.
Update : Less than 1 hour before start. Good luck!
Here's the editorial.
Announcement of Weekly Training Farm 20
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By zscoder, history, 7 months ago, ,
Codechef October Challenge has just ended few hours ago. Every time I find that my weakest spot is in solving those approximation problems. How do you start solving them? There are people who get very high points and I'm curious how they manage to do that.
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By zscoder, history, 7 months ago, ,
Hi everyone! Following my last article, today I'm writing about a not-so-common trick that has nevertheless appeared in some problems before and might be helpful to you. I'm not sure if this trick has been given a name yet so I'd refer to it as "Slope Trick" here.
Disclaimer : It would be helpful to have a pen and paper with you to sketch the graphs so that you can visualize these claims easier.
Example Problem 1 : 713C - Sonya and Problem Wihtout a Legend
This solution originated from koosaga's comment in the editorial post here.
The solution below will solve this problem in , wheareas the intended solution is O(n2).
So, the first step is to get rid of the strictly increasing condition. To do so, we apply a[i] -= i for all i and thus we just have to find the minimum number of moves to change it to a non-decreasing sequence.
Define fi(x) as the minimum number of moves to change the first i elements into a non-decreasing sequence such that ai ≤ x.
It is easy to see that by definition we have the recurrences
fi(X) = minY ≤ X(|ai - Y|) when i = 1
and
fi(X) = minY ≤ X(fi - 1(Y) + |ai - Y|}.
Now, note that fi(X) is non-increasing, since it is at most the minimum among all the values of f for smaller X by definition. We store a set of integers that denotes where the function fi change slopes. More formally, we consider the function gi(X) = fi(X + 1) - fi(X). The last element of the set will be the smallest j such that gi(j) = 0, the second last element will be the smallest j such that gi(j) = - 1, and so on. (note that the set of slope changing points is bounded)
Let Opt(i) denote a position where fi(X) achieves its minimum. (i.e. gi(Opt(i)) = 0) The desired answer will be fn(Opt(n)). We'll see how to update these values quickly.
Now, suppose we already have everything for fi - 1. Now, we want to update the data for fi. First, note that all the values x < ai will have its slope decreased by 1. Also, every value with x ≥ ai will have its slope increased by 1 unless we have reached the slope = 0 point, in which the graph never goes up again.
There are two cases to consider :
Case 1 : Opt(i - 1) ≤ ai
Here, the slope at every point before ai decreases by 1. Thus, we push ai into the slope array as this indicates that we decreases the slope at all the slope changing points by 1, and the slope changing point for slope = 0 is ai, i.e. Opt(i) = ai. Thus, this case is settled.
Case 2 : Opt(i - 1) > ai
Now, we insert ai into the set, since it decreases the slope at all the slope changing points before ai by 1. Furthermore, we insert ai again because it increases the slope at the slope changing points between ai and Opt(i - 1) by 1. Now, we can just take Opt(i) = Opt(i - 1) since the slope at Opt(i - 1) is still 0. Finally, we remove Opt(i - 1) from the set because it's no longer the first point where the slope changes to 0. (it's the previous point where the slope changes to - 1 and the slope now becomes 0 because of the addition of ai) Thus, the set of slope changing points is maintained. We have fi(Opt(i)) = fi - 1(Opt(i - 1)) + |Opt(i - 1) - ai|.
Thus, we can just use a priority queue to store the slope changing points and it is easy to see that the priority queue can handle all these operations efficiently (in time).
Here's the implementation of this idea by koosaga : 20623607
This trick is called the "Slope Trick" because we're considering the general function and analyzing how its slope changes at different points to find the minimum or maximum value.
The next example is APIO 2016 P2 — Fireworks
This problem was the "killer" problem of APIO 2016, and was solved by merely 4 contestants in the actual contest.
I'll explain the solution, which is relatively simple and demonstrates the idea of slope trick.
So, the idea is similar to the last problem. For each node u, we store a function f(x) which denotes the minimum cost to change the weights on edges in the entire subtree rooted at u including the parent edge of u such that the sum of weights on each path from u to leaves are equal to x. We'll store the slope changing points of the function in a container (which we'll determine later) again. In addition, we store two integers a, b, which denotes that for all x ≥ X, where X is the largest slope changing point, the value of the function is aX + b. (clearly this function exists, since when X increases one can always increase the parent node by 1)
Now, for the child nodes i, it is clear that a = 1, b = - ci, where ci is the cost of the parent edge of i, and the slope changing points are {ci, ci}.
For a non-leaf node u, we have to combine the functions from its children first. Firstly, we set the function as the sum of all functions of its child, and we'll correct it later. We set the value a of this node as the sum of all as of its children, and similarly for b. Also, we combine all the slope-changing points together. It is important that we merge the smaller sets into the larger set. (see dsu on tree, a.k.a. small-to-large technique)
Now, the function is still incorrect. Firstly, note that all the slope-changing points that have slope > 1 is meaningless, because we can just increase the parent edge by 1 to increase the sum of the whole subtree, so we can remove these slope-changing points while updating the values of a, b. Suppose we remove a slope-changing point x with slope a, then we decrement a, increase b by x, and remove x from the set. (this is because ax + b = (a - 1)x + (b + x)) Repeat this till a becomes at most 1.
Next, since the cost of the parent edge is ci, we have to shift the slope 0 and 1 changing points to the right by ci. Note that the slope - 1 changing point doesn't change, because we can just reduce the weight of ci until it reaches 0. (note that the condition that the weights can be reduced to 0 helped here)
Finally, we have to decrease b by ci, since we shifted the points to the right by ci. Thus, the function for this node is now complete.
Thus, we can do a dfs and keep merging functions until we get the function for the root node. Then, we just have to find the value of the function when a = 0. (using the same method by we decrease a until it reaches 0) Finally, the answer will be the updated value of b at the root node, and we're done.
We'll use a priority queue to store the slope changing points as it is the most convenient option.
Official Solution
## Beyond APIO 2016 Fireworks
Now, the next example is the generalization of this problem. It has came from Codechef October Challenge — Tree Balancing. We'll solve this using the slope trick as well.
The Codechef problem is the same as the last problem, except :
1. The weights of the edges can be changed to negative values
2. You must output a possible construction aside from the minimum cost needed
3. The edges now have a cost wi, and when you change the value of an edge by 1, your total cost increases by wi.
However, it is still possible to solve this using Slope Trick.
Firstly, we suppose that wi = 1, to simplify the problem. Now, since the edges can be changed to negative values, at each node there is no point with slope that has absolute value greater than 1, since changing the parent edge will yield a better result. Thus, each node actually have only 2 slope-changing points, the point where the slope changes from - 1 to 0 and the point where the slope changes from 0 to 1. Thus, this means that we have to pop slope-changing points from the front as well as the back of the set. The best way to store the data is to use a multiset.
With this modification, we can find the minimum cost needed like before. Now, the second part of the question is, how to reconstruct the answer? This part is not hard if you understand what we're doing here. The problem reduces to solving for each node u, if I need to make the sum of weights from the parent of u to all leaves equal to x, what should the parent edge weight be, where x is given. We start from the childrens of the root, with value x which is equal to the point where the slope changes from 0 to 1. (i.e. the point that yields minimum value)
For each node we store the 2 slope-changing points li, ri in an array while we find the minimum cost. Now, if li ≤ x ≤ ri, then the best thing to do is not change the parent edge. If x > ri, then we should increase the parent edge value by x - ri. Otherwise, we should decrease the parent edge value by li - x.
Thus, we can find the required weights for the parent nodes and it remains to push the remaining sum of weights needed to its children and recurse until we get all the weights of the edges. The time complexity is the same.
To get the full AC, we need to solve the cost-weighted case. It is actually similar to this case, but we have to modify the solution a bit.
The idea is still the same. However, the slope changing points has increased by a lot. To efficiently store these slope points, we will store the compressed form of the set. For example, the set {3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6} will be stored as {(3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 4), (6, 2)}. Basically, we store the number of occurences of the integers instead of storing it one by one. We can use a map to handle this.
The base case is a bit different now. Suppose the leaf node is u and the cost of its parent edge is du. Then, a = du, b = - cu × du, where cu is the weight of its parent edge. The slope changing points is {(cu, 2du)}.
Merging the functions to its parent will be the same. Now, we have to update the slope changing points and the function ax + b. First, we remove all points with slope > du and < - du, as we can just change the parent edge. Then, we have to shift every slope changing point by cu. However, shifting the whole map naively is inefficient. The trick here is to store a counter shift for each node that denotes the amount to add for each slope changing point. Now, the shifting part is equivalent to just adding cu to the counter shift. Finally, we update a and b as before.
To recover the solution, we use the same method as above, with some changes. Firstly, l and r will be the minimum slope changing point of the function and maximum slope changing point of the function respectively. Secondly, if the sum of di of all children is less than the di of the parent edge, then we do not change the weight of the parent edge, as it is sufficient to just update all the children edges.
My implementation of this solution (100 points)
That's it for this post. If you know any other application of this trick, feel free to post them in the comments.
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By zscoder, history, 7 months ago, ,
Hi everyone! Today I want to share some DP tricks and techniques that I have seen from some problems. I think this will be helpful for those who just started doing DP. Sometimes the tutorials are very brief and assumes the reader already understand the technique so it will be hard for people who are new to the technique to understand it.
Note : You should know how to do basic DP before reading the post
This is actually a very well-known technique and most people should already know this. This trick is usually used when one of the variables have very small constraints that can allow exponential solutions. The classic example is applying it to solve the Travelling Salesman Problem in O(n2·2n) time. We let dp[i][j] be the minimum time needed to visit the vertices in the set denoted by i and ending at vertex j. Note that i will iterate through all possible subsets of the vertices and thus the number of states is O(2n·n). We can go from every state to the next states in O(n) by considering all possible next vertex to go to. Thus, the time complexity is O(2n·n2).
Usually, when doing DP + Bitmasks problems, we store the subsets as an integer from 0 to 2n - 1. How do we know which elements belong to a subset denoted by i? We write i in its binary representation and for each bit j that is 1, the j-th element is included in the set. For example, the set 35 = 1000112 denotes the set {0, 4, 5} (the bits are 0-indexed from left to right). Thus, to test if the j-th element is in the subset denoted by j, we can test if i & (1<<j) is positive. (Why? Recall that (1<<j) is 2j and how the & operator works.)
Now, we look at an example problem : 453B - Little Pony and Harmony Chest
So, the first step is to establish a maximum bound for the bi. We prove that bi < 2ai. Assume otherwise, then we can replace bi with 1 and get a smaller answer (and clearly it preserves the coprime property). Thus, bi < 60. Note that there are 17 primes less than 60, which prompts us to apply dp + bitmask here. Note that for any pair bi, bj with i ≠ j, their set of prime factors must be disjoint since they're coprime.
Now, we let dp[i][j] be the minimum answer one can get by changing the first i elements such that the set of primes used (i.e. the set of prime factors of the numbers b1, b2, ..., bi) is equal to the subset denoted by j. Let f[x] denote the set of prime factors of x. Since bi ≤ 60, we iterate through all possible values of bi, and for a fixed bi, let F = f[bi]. Then, let x be the complement of the set F, i.e. the set of primes not used by bi. We iterate through all subsets of x. (see here for how to iterate through all subsets of a subset x) For each s which is a subset of x, we want dp[i][s|F] = min(dp[i][s|F], dp[i - 1][s] + abs(a[i] - b[i])). This completes the dp. We can reconstruct the solution by storing the position where the dp achieves its minimum value for each state as usual. This solution is enough to pass the time limits.
Here are some other problems that uses bitmask dp :
678E - Another Sith Tournament
662C - Binary Table
## Do we really need to visit all the states?
Sometimes, the naive dp solution to a problem might take too long and too much memory. However, sometimes it is worth noting that most of the states can be ignored because they will never be reached and this can reduce your time complexity and memory complexity.
Example Problem : 505C - Mr. Kitayuta, the Treasure Hunter
So, the most direct way of doing dp would be let dp[i][j] be the number of gems Mr. Kitayuta can collect after he jumps to island i, while the length of his last jump is equal to j. Then, the dp transitions are quite obvious, because we only need to test all possible jumps and take the one that yields maximum results. If you have trouble with the naive dp, you can read the original editorial.
However, the naive method is too slow, because it would take O(m2) time and memory. The key observation here is that most of the states will never be visited, more precisiely j can only be in a certain range. These bounds can be obtained by greedily trying to maximize j and minimize j and we can see that their values will always be in the order of from the initial length of jump. This type of intuition might come in handy to optimize your dp and turn the naive dp into an AC solution.
## Change the object to dp
Example Problem : 559C - Gerald and Giant Chess
This is a classic example. If the board was smaller, say 3000 × 3000, then the normal 2D dp would work. However, the dimensions of the grid is too large here.
Note that the number of blocked cells is not too large though, so we can try to dp on them. Let S be the set of blocked cells. We add the ending cell to S for convenience. We sort S in increasing order of x-coordinate, and break ties by increasing order of y-coordinate. As a result, the ending cell will always be the last element of S.
Now, let dp[i] be the number of ways to reach the i-th blocked cell (assuming it is not blocked). Our goal is to find dp[s], where s = |S|.
Note that since we have sort S by increasing order, the j-th blocked cell will not affect the number of ways to reach the i-th blocked cell if i < j. (There is no path that visits the j-th blocked cell first before visiting the i-th blocked cell)
The number of ways from square (x1, y1) to (x2, y2) without any blocked cells is . (if x2 > x1, y2 > y1. The case when some two are equal can be handled trivially). Let f(P, Q) denote the number of ways to reach Q from P. We can calculate f(P, Q) in O(1) by precomputing factorials and its inverse like above.
The base case, dp[1] can be calculated as the number of ways to reach S1 from the starting square. Similarly, we initialize all dp[i] as the number of ways to reach Si from the starting square.
Now, we have to subtract the number of paths that reach some of the blocked cells. Assume we already fixed the values of dp[1], dp[2], ..., dp[i - 1]. For a fix blocked cell Si, we'll do so by dividing the paths into groups according to the first blocked cell it encounters. The number of ways for each possible first blocked cell j is equal to dp[jf(Sj, Si), so we can subtract this from dp[i]. Thus, this dp works in O(n2).
Another problem using this idea : 722E - Research Rover
## Open and Close Interval Trick
Example Problem : 626F - Group Projects
First, note that the order doesn't matter so we can sort the ai in non-decreasing order. Now, note that every interval's imbalance can be calculated with its largest and smallest value. We start adding the elements to sets from smallest to largest in order. Suppose we're adding the i-th element. Some of the current sets are open, i.e. has a minimum value but is not complete yet (does not have a maximum). Suppose there are j open sets. When we add ai, the sum ai - ai - 1 will contribute to each of the j open sets, so we increase the current imbalance by j(ai - ai - 1).
Let dp[i][j][k] be the number of ways such that when we inserted the first i elements, there are j open sets and the total imbalance till now is k. Now, we see how to do the state transitions. Let v = dp[i - 1][j][k]. We analyze which states involves v.
Firstly, the imbalance of the new state must be val = k + j(ai - ai - 1), as noted above. Now, there are a few cases :
1. We place the current number ai in its own group : Then, dp[i][j][val] + = v.
2. We place the current number ai in one of the open groups, but not close it : Then, dp[i][j][val] + = j·v (we choose one of the open groups to add ai.
3. Open a new group with minimum = ai : Then, dp[i][j + 1][val] + = v.
4. Close an open group by inserting ai in one of them and close it : Then, dp[i][j - 1][val] + = j·v.
The answer can be found as dp[n][0][0] + dp[n][0][1] + ... + dp[n][0][k].
Related Problems :
466D - Increase Sequence
367E - Sereja and Intervals
## "Connected Component" DP
Example Problem : JOI 2016 Open Contest — Skyscrapers
Previously, I've made a blog post here asking for a more detailed solution. With some hints from Reyna, I finally figured it out and I've seen this trick appeared some number of times.
Abridged Statement : Given a1, a2, ..., an, find the number of permutations of these numbers such that |a1 - a2| + |a2 - a3| + ... + |an - 1 - an| ≤ L where L is a given integer.
Constraints : n ≤ 100, L ≤ 1000, ai ≤ 1000
Now, we sort the values ai and add them into the permutation one by one. At each point, we will have some connected components of values (for example it will be something like 2, ?, 1, 5, ?, ?, 3, ?, 4)
Now, suppose we already added ai - 1. We treat the ? as ai and calculate the cost. When we add a new number we increase the values of the ? and update the cost accordingly.
Let dp[i][j][k][l] be the number of ways to insert the first i elements such that :
• There are j connected components
• The total cost is k (assuming the ? are ai + 1)
• l of the ends of the permutations has been filled. (So, 0 ≤ l ≤ 2)
I will not describe the entire state transitions here as it will be very long. If you want the complete transitions you can view the code below, where I commented what each transition means.
Some key points to note :
• Each time you add a new element, you have to update the total cost by ai + 1 - ai times the number of filled spaces adjacent to an empty space.
• When you add a new element, it can either combine 2 connected components, create a new connected components, or be appended to the front or end of one of the connected components.
A problem that uses this idea can be seen here : 704B - Ant Man
## × 2, + 1 trick
This might not be a very common trick, and indeed I've only seen it once and applied it myself once. This is a special case of the "Do we really need to visit all the states" example.
Example 1 : Perfect Permutations, Subtask 4
My solution only works up to Subtask 4. The official solution uses a different method but the point here is to demonstrate this trick.
Abridged Statement : Find the number of permutations of length N with exactly K inversions. (K ≤ N, N ≤ 109, K ≤ 1000 (for subtask 4))
You might be wondering : How can we apply dp when N is as huge as 109? We'll show how to apply it below. The trick is to skip the unused states.
First, we look at how to solve this when N, K are small.
Let dp[i][j] be the number of permutations of length i with j inversions. Then, dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i - 1][j - 1] + ... + dp[i - 1][j - (i - 1)]. Why? Again we consider the permutation by adding the numbers from 1 to i in this order. When we add the element i, adding it before k of the current elements will increase the number of inversions by k. So, we sum over all possibilities for all 0 ≤ k ≤ i - 1. We can calculate this in O(N2) by sliding window/computing prefix sums.
How do we get read of the N factor and replace it with K instead? We will use the following trick :
Suppose we calculated dp[i][j] for all 0 ≤ j ≤ K. We have already figured out how to calculate dp[i + 1][j] for all 0 ≤ j ≤ K in O(K). The trick here is we can calculate dp[2i][j] from dp[i][j] for all j in O(K2).
How? We will find the number of permutations using 1, 2, ..., n and n + 1, n + 2, ..., 2n and combine them together. Suppose the first permutation has x inversions and the second permutation has y inversions. How will the total number of inversions when we merge them? Clearly, there'll be at least x + y inversions.
Now, we call the numbers from 1 to n small and n + 1 to 2n large. Suppose we already fixed the permutation of the small and large numbers. Thus, we can replace the small numbers with the letter 'S' and large numbers with the letter 'L'. For each L, it increases the number of inversions by the number of Ss at the right of it. Thus, if we want to find the number of ways that this can increase the number of inversions by k, we just have to find the number of unordered tuples of nonnegative integers (a1, a2, ..., an) such that they sum up to k (we can view ai as the number of Ss at the back of the i-th L)
How do we count this value? We'll count the number of such tuples where each element is positive and at most k and the elements sum up to k instead, regardless of its length. This value will be precisely what we want for large enough n because there can be at most k positive elements and thus the length will not exceed n when n > k. We can handle the values for small n with the naive O(n2) dp manually so there's no need to worry about it.
Thus, it remains to count the number of such tuples where each element is positive and at most k and sums up to S = k. Denote this value by f(S, k). We want to find S(k, k). We can derive the recurrence f(S, k) = f(S, k - 1) + f(S - k, k), denoting whether we use k or not in the sum. Thus, we can precompute these values in O(K2).
Now, let g0, g1, g2, ..., gK be the number of permutations of length n with number of inversions equal to 0, 1, 2, ..., K.
To complete this step, we can multiply the polynomial g0 + g1x + ... + gKxK by itself (in O(K2) or with FFT, but that doesn't really change the complexity since the precomputation already takes O(K2)), to obtain the number of pairs of permutations of {1, 2, ..., n} and {n + 1, n + 2, ..., 2n} with total number of inversions i for all 0 ≤ i ≤ K.
Next, we just have to multiply this with f(0, 0) + f(1, 1)x + ... + f(K, K)xK and we get the desired answer for permutations of length 2n, as noted above.
Thus, we have found a way to obtain dp[2i][·] from dp[i][·] in O(K2).
To complete the solution, we first write N in its binary representation and compute the dp values for the number formed from the first 10 bits (until the number is greater than K). Then, we can update the dp values when N is multiplied by 2 or increased by 1 in O(K2) time, so we can find the value dp[N][K] in , which fits in the time limit for this subtask.
Example 2 : Problem Statement in Mandarin
This solution originated from the comment from WJMZBMR here
Problem Statement : A sequence a1, a2, ..., an is valid if all its elements are pairwise distinct and for all i. We define value(S) of a valid sequence S as the product of its elements. Find the sum of value(S) for all possible valid sequences S, modulo p where p is a prime.
Constraints : A, p ≤ 109, n ≤ 500, p > A > n + 1
Firstly, we can ignore the order of the sequence and multiply the answer by n! in the end because the numbers are distinct.
First, we look at the naive solution :
Now, let dp[i][j] be the sum of values of all valid sequences of length j where values from 1 to i inclusive are used.
The recurrence is dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + i·dp[i - 1][j - 1], depending on whether i is used.
This will give us a complexity of O(An), which is clearly insufficient.
Now, we'll use the idea from the last example. We already know how to calculate dp[i + 1][·] from dp[i][·] in O(n) time. Now, we just have to calculate dp[2i][·] from dp[i][·] fast.
Suppose we want to calculate dp[2A][n]. Then, we consider for all possible a the sum of the values of all sequences where a of the elements are selected from 1, 2, ..., A and the remaining n - a are from i + 1, i + 2, ..., 2A.
Firstly, note that .
Now, let ai denote the sum of all values of sequences of length i where elements are chosen from {1, 2, ..., A}, i.e. dp[A][i].
Let bi denote the same value, but the elements are chosen from {A + 1, A + 2, ..., 2A}.
Now, we claim that . Indeed, this is just a result of the formula above, where we iterate through all possible subset sizes. Note that the term is the number of sets of size i which contains a given subset of size j and all elements are chosen from 1, 2, ..., A. (take a moment to convince yourself about this formula)
Now, computing the value of isn't hard (you can write out the binomial coefficient and multiply its term one by one with some precomputation, see the formula in the original pdf if you're stuck), and once you have that, you can calculate the values of bi in O(n2).
Finally, with the values of bi, we can calculate dp[2A][·] the same way as the last example, as dp[2A][n] is just and we can calculate this by multiplying the two polynomials formed by [ai] and [bi]. Thus, the entire step can be done in O(n2).
Thus, we can calculate dp[2i][·] and dp[i + 1][·] in O(n2) and O(n) respectively from dp[i][·]. Thus, we can write A in binary as in the last example and compute the answers step by step, using at most steps. Thus, the total time complexity is , which can pass.
This is the end of this post. I hope you benefited from it and please share your own dp tricks in the comments with us.
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By zscoder, history, 7 months ago, ,
Announcement
Start time : 21:00 JST as usual
Reminder that this contest actually exists on Atcoder :)
Let's discuss the problem after contest.
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By zscoder, history, 7 months ago, ,
I don't know about others, but recently I've been getting quite a number of private messages on CF and Hackerrank (well basically anywhere with a PM system) that sounds like this :
"Hi, regarding codechef long challenge october.. How to do that power sum problwm.. did u get any idea.. if so. then please drop me a hint.. thanks"
"Hi,
I was trying POWSUMS in this month's codechef long challenge. Can I get a hint for that problem?
Thanks"
"Can you send me the code for Simplified Chess engine or give me how to solve it ?"
"Hi Zi,
Any hints for Shashank and the Palindromic Strings
Thanks."
and more (FYI "POWSUMS", "Simplified Chess engine" and "Shashank and the Palindromic Strings" are live contest problems)
Is anyone else getting these PMs too? I find them annoying like it when you see "You received 2 new messages" and all of them are asking for hints/sols/code for a live contest problem. Why do people do this? It's not like anyone is going to tell them the solution anyway.
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By zscoder, history, 8 months ago, ,
We hope everyone enjoyed the problems. Here is the editorial for the problems. I tried to make it more detailed but there might be some parts that might not be explained clearly.
## Div. 2 A — Crazy Computer
Prerequisites : None
This is a straightforward implementation problem. Iterate through the times in order, keeping track of when is the last time a word is typed, keeping a counter for the number of words appearing on the screen. Increment the counter by 1 whenever you process a new time. Whenever the difference between the time for two consecutive words is greater than c, reset the counter to 0. After that, increment it by 1.
Time Complexity : O(n), since the times are already sorted.
Code (O(n))
## Div. 2 B — Complete The Word
Prerequisites : None
Firstly, if the length of the string is less than 26, output - 1 immediately.
We want to make a substring of length 26 have all the letters of the alphabet. Thus, the simplest way is to iterate through all substrings of length 26 (there are O(n) such substrings), then for each substring count the number of occurrences of each alphabet, ignoring the question marks. After that, if there exist a letter that occurs twice or more, this substring cannot contain all letters of the alphabet, and we process the next substring. Otherwise, we can fill in the question marks with the letters that have not appeared in the substring and obtain a substring of length 26 which contains all letters of the alphabet. After iterating through all substrings, either there is no solution, or we already created a nice substring. If the former case appears, output - 1. Otherwise, fill in the remaining question marks with random letters and output the string.
Note that one can optimize the solution above by noting that we don't need to iterate through all 26 letters of each substring we consider, but we can iterate through the substrings from left to right and when we move to the next substring, remove the front letter of the current substring and add the last letter of the next substring. This optimization is not required to pass.
We can still optimize it further and make the complexity purely O(|s|). We use the same trick as above, when we move to the next substring, we remove the previous letter and add the new letter. We store a frequency array counting how many times each letter appear in the current substring. Additionally, store a counter which we will use to detect whether the current substring can contain all the letters of the alphabet in O(1). When a letter first appear in the frequency array, increment the counter by 1. If a letter disappears (is removed) in the frequency array, decrement the counter by 1. When we add a new question mark, increment the counter by 1. When we remove a question mark, decrement the counter by 1. To check whether a substring can work, we just have to check whether the counter is equal to 26. This solution works in O(|s|).
Time Complexity : O(|s|·262), O(|s|·26) or O(|s|)
Code (O(26^2*|s|)
Code (O(26*|s|)
Code (O(|s|)
## Div. 2 C/Div. 1 A — Plus and Square Root
Prerequisites : None
Firstly, let ai(1 ≤ i ≤ n) be the number on the screen before we level up from level i to i + 1. Thus, we require all the ais to be perfect square and additionally to reach the next ai via pressing the plus button, we require and for all 1 ≤ i < n. Additionally, we also require ai to be a multiple of i. Thus, we just need to construct a sequence of such integers so that the output numbers does not exceed the limit 1018.
There are many ways to do this. The third sample actually gave a large hint on my approach. If you were to find the values of ai from the second sample, you'll realize that it is equal to 4, 36, 144, 400. You can try to find the pattern from here. My approach is to use ai = [i(i + 1)]2. Clearly, it is a perfect square for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n and when n = 100000, the output values can be checked to be less than 1018
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which is a multiple of i + 1, and is also a multiple of i + 1.
The constraints ai must be a multiple of i was added to make the problem easier for Div. 1 A.
Time Complexity : O(n)
Code (O(n))
## Div. 2 D/Div. 1 B — Complete The Graph
Prerequisites : Dijkstra's Algorithm
This problem is actually quite simple if you rule out the impossible conditions. Call the edges that does not have fixed weight variable edges. First, we'll determine when a solution exists.
Firstly, we ignore the variable edges. Now, find the length of the shortest path from s to e. If this length is < L, there is no solution, since even if we replace the 0 weights with any positive weight the shortest path will never exceed this shortest path. Thus, if the length of this shortest path is < L, there is no solution. (If no path exists we treat the length as .)
Next, we replace the edges with 0 weight with weight 1. Clearly, among all the possible graphs you can generate by replacing the weights, this graph will give the minimum possible shortest path from s to e, since increasing any weight will not decrease the length of the shortest path. Thus, if the shortest path of this graph is > L, there is no solution, since the shortest path will always be > L. If no path exists we treat the length as .
Other than these two conditions, there will always be a way to assign the weights so that the shortest path from s to e is exactly L! How do we prove this? First, consider all paths from s to e that has at least one 0 weight edge, as changing weights won't affect the other paths. Now, we repeat this algorithm. Initially, assign all the weights as 1. Then, sort the paths in increasing order of length. If the length of the shortest path is equal to L, we're done. Otherwise, increase the weight of one of the variable edges on the shortest path by 1. Note that this will increase the lengths of some of the paths by 1. It is not hard to see that by repeating these operations the shortest path will eventually have length L, so an assignment indeed exists.
Now, we still have to find a valid assignment of weights. We can use a similar algorithm as our proof above. Assign 1 to all variable edges first. Next, we first find and keep track of the shortest path from s to e. Note that if this path has no variable edges it must have length exactly L or strictly more than L, so either we're already done or the shortest path contains variable edges and the length is strictly less than L. (otherwise we're done)
From now on, whenever we assign weight to a variable edge (after assigning 1 to every variable edge), we call the edge assigned.
Now, mark all variable edges not on the shortest path we found as weight. (we can choose any number greater than L as ) Next, we will find the shortest path from s to e, and replace the weight of an unassigned variable edge such that the length of the path becomes equal to L. Now, we don't touch the assigned edges again. While the shortest path from s to e is still strictly less than L, we repeat the process and replace a variable edge that is not assigned such that the path length is equal to L. Note that this is always possible, since otherwise this would've been the shortest path in one of the previous steps. Eventually, the shortest path from s to e will have length exactly L. It is easy to see that we can repeat this process at most n times because we are only replacing the edges which are on the initial shortest path we found and there are less than n edges to replace (we only touch each edge at most once). Thus, we can find a solution after less than n iterations. So, the complexity becomes . This is sufficient to pass all tests.
What if the constraints were n, m ≤ 105? Can we do better?
Yes! Thanks to HellKitsune who found this solution during testing. First, we rule out the impossible conditions like we did above. Then, we assign all the variable edges with weight. We enumerate the variable edges arbitarily. Now, we binary search to find the minimal value p such that if we make all the variable edges numbered from 1 to p have weight 1 and the rest , then the shortest path from s to e has length ≤ L. Now, note that if we change the weight of p to the length of shortest path will be more than L. (if p equals the number of variable edges, the length of the shortest path is still more than L or it will contradict the impossible conditions) If the weight is 1, the length of the shortest path is ≤ L. So, if we increase the weight of edge p by 1 repeatedly, the length of the shortest path from s to e will eventually reach L, since this length can increase by at most 1 in each move. So, since the length of shortest path is non-decreasing when we increase the weight of this edge, we can binary search for the correct weight. This gives an solution.
Time Complexity : or
Code (O(mnlogn))
Code (O(mlogn(logm+logL))
## Div. 2 E/Div. 1 C — Digit Tree
Prerequisites : Tree DP, Centroid Decomposition, Math
Compared to the other problems, this one is more standard. The trick is to first solve the problem if we have a fixed vertex r as root and we want to find the number of paths passing through r that works. This can be done with a simple tree dp. For each node u, compute the number obtained when going from r down to u and the number obtained when going from u up to r, where each number is taken modulo M. This can be done with a simple dfs. To calculate the down value, just multiply the value of the parent node by 10 and add the value on the edge to it. To calculate the up value, we also need to calculate the height of the node. (i.e. the distance from u to r) Then, if we let h be the height of u, d be the digit on the edge connecting u to its parent and val be the up value of the parent of u, then the up value for u is equal to 10h - 1·d + val. Thus, we can calculate the up and down value for each node with a single dfs.
Next, we have to figure out how to combine the up values and down values to find the number of paths passing through r that are divisible by M. For this, note that each path is the concatenation of a path from u to r and r to v, where u and v are pairs of vertices from different subtrees, and the paths that start from r and end at r. For the paths that start and end at r the answer can be easily calculated with the up and down values (just iterate through all nodes as the other endpoint). For the other paths, we iterate through all possible v, and find the number of vertices u such that going from u to v will give a multiple of M. Since v is fixed, we know its height and down value, which we denote as h and d respectively. So, if the up value of u is equal to up, then up·10h + d must be a multiple of M. So, we can solve for up to be - d·10 - h modulo M. Note that in this case the multiplicative inverse of 10 modulo M is well-defined, as we have the condition . To find the multiplicative inverse of 10, we can find φ(M) and since by Euler's Formula we have xφ(M) ≡ 1(modM) if , we have xφ(M) - 1 ≡ x - 1(modM), which is the multiplicative inverse of x (in this case we have x = 10) modulo M. After that, finding the up value can be done by binary exponentiation.
Thus, we can find the unique value of up such that the path from u to v is a multiple of M. This means that we can just use a map to store the up values of all nodes and also the up values for each subtree. Then, to find the number of viable nodes u, find the required value of up and subtract the number of suitable nodes that are in the same subtree as v from the total number of suitable nodes. Thus, for each node v, we can find the number of suitable nodes u in time.
Now, we have to generalize this for the whole tree. We can use centroid decomposition. We pick the centroid as the root r and find the number of paths passing through r as above. Then, the other paths won't pass through r, so we can remove r and split the tree into more subtrees, and recursively solve for each subtree as well. Since each subtree is at most half the size of the original tree, and the time taken to solve the problem where the path must pass through the root for a single tree takes time proportional to the size of the tree, this solution works in time, where the other comes from using maps.
Time Complexity :
Code
## Div. 1 D — Create a Maze
Prerequisites : None
The solution to this problem is quite simple, if you get the idea. Thanks to dans for improving the solution to the current constraints which is much harder than my original proposal.
Note that to calculate the difficulty of a given maze, we can just use dp. We write on each square (room) the number of ways to get from the starting square to it, and the number written on (i, j) will be the sum of the numbers written on (i - 1, j) and (i, j - 1), and the edge between (i - 1, j) and (i, j) is blocked, we don't add the number written on (i - 1, j) and similarly for (i, j - 1). We'll call the rooms squares and the doors as edges. We'll call locking doors as edge deletions.
First, we look at several attempts that do not work.
Write t in its binary representation. To solve the problem, we just need to know how to construct a maze with difficulty 2x and x + 1 from a given maze with difficulty x. The most direct way to get from x to 2x is to increase both dimensions of the maze by 1. Let's say the bottom right square of the grid was (n, n) and increased to (n + 1, n + 1). So, the number x is written at (n, n). Then, we can block off the edge to the left of (n + 1, n) and above (n, n + 1). This will make the numbers in these two squares equal to x, so the number in square (n + 1, n + 1) would be 2x, as desired. To create x + 1 from x, we can increase both dimensions by 1, remove edges such that (n + 1, n) contains x while (n, n + 1) contains 1 (this requires deleting most of the edges joining the n-th column and (n + 1)-th column. Thus, the number in (n, n) would be x + 1. This would've used way too many edge deletions and the size of the grid would be too large. This was the original proposal.
There's another way to do it with binary representation. We construct a grid with difficulty 2x and 2x + 1 from a grid with difficulty x. The key idea is to make use of surrounding 1s and maintaining it with some walls so that 2x + 1 can be easily constructed. This method is shown in the picture below. This method would've used around 120 × 120 grid and 480 edge deletions, which is too large to pass.
Now, what follows is the AC solution. Since it's quite easy once you get the idea, I recommend you to try again after reading the hint. To read the full solution, click on the spoiler tag.
Hint : Binary can't work since there can be up to 60 binary digits for t and our grid size can be at most 50. In our binary solution we used a 2 × 2 grid to multiply the number of ways by 2. What about using other grid sizes instead?
Full Solution
Of course, this might not be the only way to solve this problem. Can you come up with other ways of solving this or reducing the constraints even further? (Open Question)
Time Complexity :
Code
## Div. 1 E — Complete The Permutations
Prerequisites : Math, Graph Theory, DP, Any fast multiplication algorithm
We'll slowly unwind the problem and reduce it to something easier to count. First, we need to determine a way to tell when the distance between p and q is exactly k. This is a classic problem but I'll include it here for completeness.
Let f denote the inverse permutation of q. So, the minimum number of swaps to transform p into q is the minimum number of swaps to transform pfi into the identity permutation. Construct the graph where the edges are for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n. Now, note that the graph is equivalent to and is composed of disjoint cycles after qi and pi are filled completely. Note that the direction of the edges doesn't matter so we consider the edges to be for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n. Note that if the number of cycles of the graph is t, then the minimum number of swaps needed to transform p into q would be n - t. (Each swap can break one cycle into two) This means we just need to find the number of ways to fill in the empty spaces such that the number of cycles is exactly i for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n.
Now, some of the values pi and qi are known. The edges can be classified into four types :
A-type : The edges of the form , i.e. pi is known, qi isn't.
B-type : The edges of the form , i.e. qi is known, pi isn't.
C-type : The edges of the form , i.e. both pi and qi are known.
D-type : The edges of the form , i.e. both pi and qi are unknown.
Now, the problem reduces to finding the number of ways to assign values to the question marks such that the number of cycles of the graph is exactly i for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n. First, we'll simplify the graph slightly. While there exists a number x appears twice (clearly it can't appear more than twice) among the edges, we will combine the edges with x together to simplify the graph. If there's an edge , then we increment the total number of cycles by 1 and remove this edge from the graph. If there is an edge and , where a and b might be some given numbers or question marks, then we can merge them together to form the edge . Clearly, these are the only cases for x to appear twice. Hence, after doing all the reductions, we're reduced to edges where each known number appears at most once, i.e. all the known numbers are distinct. We'll do this step in O(n2). For each number x, store the position i such that pi = x and also the position j such that qj = x, if it has already been given and - 1 otherwise. So, we need to remove a number when the i and j stored are both positive. We iterate through the numbers from 1 to n. If we need to remove a number, we go to the two positions where it occur and replace the two edges with the new merged one. Then, recompute the positions for all numbers (takes O(n) time). So, for each number, we used O(n) time. (to remove naively and update positions) Thus, the whole complexity for this part is O(n2). (It is possible to do it in O(n) with a simple dfs as well. Basically almost any correct way of doing this part that is at most O(n3) works, since the constraints for n is low)
Now, suppose there are m edges left and p known numbers remain. Note that in the end when we form the graph we might join edges of the form and (where a and b are either fixed numbers or question marks) together. So, the choice for the ? can be any of the m - p remaining unused numbers. Note that there will be always m - p such pairs so we need to multiply our answer by (m - p)! in the end. Also, note that the ? are distinguishable, and order is important when filling in the blanks.
So, we can actually reduce the problem to the following : Given integers a, b, c, d denoting the number of A-type, B-type, C-type, D-type edges respectively. Find the number of ways to create k cycles using them, for all 1 ≤ k ≤ n. Note that the answer is only dependent on the values of a, b, c, d as the numbers are all distinct after the reduction.
First, we'll look at how to solve the problem for k = 1. We need to fit all the edges in a single cycle. First, we investigate what happens when d = 0. Note that we cannot have a B-type and C-type edge before an A-type or C-type edge, since all numbers are distinct so these edges can't be joined together. Similarly, an A or C-type edge cannot be directly after a B or C-type edge. Thus, with these restrictions, it is easy to see that the cycle must contain either all A-type edges or B-type edges. So, the answer can be easily calculated. It is also important to note that if we ignore the cyclic property then a contiguous string of edges without D must be of the form AA...BB.. or AA...CBB..., where there is only one C, and zero or more As and Bs.
Now, if d ≥ 1, we can fix one of the D-type edges as the front of the cycle. This helps a lot because now we can ignore the cyclic properties. (we can place anything at the end of the cycle because D-type edges can connect with any type of edges) So, we just need to find the number of ways to make a length n - 1 string with a As, b Bs, c Cs and d - 1 Ds. In fact, we can ignore the fact that the A-type edges, B-type edges, C-type edges and D-type edges are distinguishable and after that multiply the answer by a!b!c!(d - 1)!.
We can easily find the number of valid strings we can make. First, place all the Ds. Now, we're trying to insert the As, Bs and Cs into the d empty spaces between, after and before the Ds. The key is that by our observation above, we only care about how many As, Bs and Cs we insert in each space since after that the way to put that in is uniquely determined. So, to place the As and Bs, we can use the balls in urns formula to find that the number of ways to place the As is and the number of ways to place the Bs is . The number of ways to place the Cs is , since we choose where the Cs should go.
Thus, it turns out that we can find the answer in O(1) (with precomputing binomial coefficients and factorials) when k = 1. We'll use this to find the answer for all k. In the general case, there might be cycles that consists entirely of As and entirely of Bs, and those that contains at least one D. We call them the A-cycle, B-cycle and D-cycles respectively.
Now, we precompute f(n, k), the number of ways to form k cycles using n distinguishable As. This can be done with a simple dp in O(n3). We iterate through the number of As we're using for the first cycle. Then, suppose we use m As. The number of ways to choose which of the m As to use is and we can permute them in (m - 1)! ways inside the cycle. (not m! because we have to account for all the cyclic permutations) Also, after summing this for all m, we have to divide the answer by k, to account for overcounting the candidates for the first cycle (the order of the k cycles are not important)
Thus, f(n, k) can be computed in O(n3). First, we see how to compute the answer for a single k. Fix x, y, e, f, the number of A-cycles, B-cycles, number of As in total among the A-cycles and number of Bs in total among the B-cycles. Then, since k is fixed, we know that the number of D-cycles is k - x - y. Now, we can find the answer in O(1). First, we can use the values of f(e, x), f(f, y), f(d, k - x - y) to determine the number of ways to place the Ds, and the As, Bs that are in the A-cycles and B-cycles. Then, to place the remaining As, Bs and Cs, we can use the same method as we did for k = 1 in O(1), since the number of spaces to place them is still the same. (You can think of it as each D leaves an empty space to place As, Bs and Cs to the right of it) After that, we multiply the answer by to account for the choice of the set of As and Bs used in the A-only and B-only cycles. Thus, the complexity of this method is O(n4) for each k and O(n5) in total, which is clearly too slow.
We can improve this by iterating through all x + y, e, f instead. So, for this to work we need to precompute f(e, 0)f(f, x + y) + f(e, 1)f(f, x + y - 1) + ... + f(e, x + y)f(f, 0), which we can write as g(x + y, e, f). Naively doing this precomputation gives O(n4). Then, we can calculate the answer by iterating through all x + y, e, f and thus getting O(n3) per query and O(n4) for all k. This is still too slow to pass n = 250.
We should take a closer look of what we're actually calculating. Note that for a fixed pair e, f, the values of g(x + y, e, f) can be calculated for all possible x + y in or O(n1.58) by using Number Theoretic Transform or Karatsuba's Algorithm respectively. (note that the modulus has been chosen for NFT to work) This is because if we fix e, f, then we're precisely finding the coefficients of the polynomial (f(e, 0)x0 + f(e, 1)x1 + ... + f(e, n)xn)(f(f, 0)x0 + f(f, 1)x1 + ... + f(f, n)xn), so this can be handled with NFT/Karatsuba.
Thus, the precomputation of g(x + y, e, f) can be done in or O(n3.58).
Next, suppose we fixed e and f. We will calculate the answer for all possible k in similar to how we calculated g(x + y, e, f). This time, we're multiplying the following two polynomials : f(d, 0)x0 + f(d, 1)x1 + ... + f(d, n)xn and g(0, e, f)x0 + g(1, e, f)x1 + ... + g(n, e, f)xn. Again, we can calculate this using any fast multiplication method, so the entire solution takes or O(n3.58), depending on which algorithm is used to multiply polynomials.
Note that if you're using NFT/FFT, there is a small trick that can save some time. When we precompute the values of g(x + y, e, f), we don't need to do inverse FFT on the result and leave it in the FFTed form. After that, when we want to find the convolution of f(d, i) and g(i, e, f), we just need to apply FFT to the first polynomial and multiply them. This reduces the number of FFTs and it reduced my solution runtime by half.
Time Complexity : or O(n3.58), depending on whether NFT or Karatsuba is used.
Code (NFT)
Code (Karatsuba)
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By zscoder, history, 8 months ago, ,
Hi everyone, it's me again!
Codeforces Round #372 (Div. 1 + Div. 2) will take place on 17 September 2016 at 16:35 MSK,
After my last round, this will be my second round on Codeforces. I believe you'll find the problems interesting and I hope you'll enjoy the round.
This round would not be possible without dans who improved one of the problems that made this round possible, and also helped in preparing and testing the round. Also, thanks to all the testers, IlyaLos, HellKitsune and phobos and thanks to MikeMirzayanov for the awesome Codeforces and Polygon platforms.
ZS the Coder and Chris the Baboon's trip in Udayland is over. In this round, you'll help ZS the Coder solve the problems he have randomly came up with. Do you have what it takes to solve them all?
The problems are sorted by difficulty but as always it's recommended to read all the problems.
We wish you'll have many solutions and enjoy the problems. :)
As usual, the scoring will be published right before the contest.
UPD : There will be 5 problems in both division as usual.
Scoring :
Div. 2 : 500 — 1000 — 1500 — 2000 — 2500
Div. 1 : 500 — 1000 — 1500 — 25002750
Good luck and I hope you enjoy the problems!
UPD : Contest is over. I hope you enjoyed the contest and problems :) I'm sure some of you wants to see the editorial now, so here it is while we wait for System Test to start.
UPD : System tests is over. Here're the winners :
Division 1 :
Division 2 :
Congratulations to them!
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By zscoder, history, 9 months ago, ,
Here are the editorials for all the problems. Hope you enjoyed them and found them interesting!
Code
Code
Code (O(nkm^2))
Code (O(nkm))
Code
Code
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By zscoder, history, 9 months ago, ,
Important Update: Our friends have noticed that the upcoming round collides with their contest and also weekend is full of many another contests, so the round is now moved to Monday, 29 August 2016 15:05 MSK. We are sorry for the inconvenience caused and hope that you'll understand us.
Hi everyone!
Codeforces Round #369 (Div. 2) will take place on 27 August 2016 at 16:05 MSK. As usual, Div.1 participants can join out of competition.
I would like to thank dans for helping me with the preparation of the round, MikeMirzayanov for the amazing Codeforces and Polygon platforms and also Phyto for testing the problems.
I am the author of all the problems, and dans also helped making one of the problems harder. This is my first round on Codeforces! Hope everyone will enjoy the problems and find them interesting. It is advisable to read all the problems ;)
In this round, you will help ZS the Coder and Chris the Baboon while they are on an adventure in Udayland. Can you help them solve their problems? :)
Good luck, have fun, and wish everyone many Accepted Solutions. :)
UPD : Also thanks to IlyaLos and HellKitsune for testing the problems too.
UPD 2 : There will be 5 problems and the scoring is standard : 500-1000-1500-2000-2500.
UPD 3 : Editorial
UPD 4 :
Congratulations to the winners :
Div. 1 winners :
Div. 2 Winners :
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By zscoder, history, 10 months ago, ,
Hi everyone! I created a small group here which is open for public. There will be 3 5-hour contests held there featuring 3 problems each and the problems are taken from olympiads of different countries as well as problems from other sites (though these are rare) The contests will be in ACM-ICPC mode. (since this is the default CF mode)
Since almost all of the problems are unoriginal, it is very likely that you might have seen some of the problems before. Everyone is welcome to join the group and participate in any contest anytime.
The schedule of the contests have been posted in the group. Additionally, ziadxkabakibi told me he have uploaded some Croatian OI problems before, so he might also add it to the group as well.
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By zscoder, history, 10 months ago, ,
Problem statement :
There are N planets in the galaxy. For each planet i, it has two possible states : empty, or it is connected to some other planet j ≠ i with a one-way path. Initially, each planet is in the empty state (i.e. there are no paths between any pair of planets)
There are three types of operations :
1. If planet i is in empty state, connect it with planet j with a one-way path (i and j are distinct)
2. If planet i is currently connected to planet j with a one-way path, remove that path. Consequently, planet i is now in empty state again
3. For a pair of planets u, v, find a planet x such that one can travel from u to x and v to x. If there are multiple such planets, find the one where the total distance travelled by u and v is minimized (distance is the number of paths it passes through). If there are no solutions, output - 1.
Q, N ≤ 106. Time limit is 10 seconds.
One of the official solutions uses splay tree to solve this problem, but I have no idea how it works (I haven't use splay trees before). Can anyone tell me how to use splay tree on this problem? Thanks.
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By zscoder, history, 10 months ago, ,
Recently I encountered a problem which is very similar to RMQ.
Abridged Statement : First, you have an empty array. You have two operations :
1. Insert a value v between positions x - 1 and x (1 ≤ x ≤ k + 1) where k is the current size of the array.(positions are 1-indexed)
2. Find the maximum in the range [l, r] (i.e. the maximum from the positions l to r inclusive)
There are at most Q ≤ 250000 queries.
My current solution uses SQRT decomposition but it was not fast enough to get AC. I was wondering if there is an or solution.
Edit : Forgot to mention that the queries must be answered online (it's actually function call), so offline solutions doesn't work.
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By zscoder, history, 11 months ago, ,
Problem Statement
Abridged Problem Statement : Given a1, a2, ..., an, find the number of permutations of these numbers such that |a1 - a2| + |a2 - a3| + ... + |an - 1 - an| ≤ L where L is a given integer.
The editorial given is quite brief and the sample code is nearly unreadable. I have no idea how to do the dp.
Can anyone explain the solution? Thanks.
UPD : Thanks to ffao for the hint! I finally got how the dp works. The unobfuscated code with comments is here.
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By zscoder, history, 12 months ago, ,
Reminder that Google Distributed Code Jam Online Round 1 starts at this time.
Good luck to all people participating!
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By zscoder, history, 12 months ago, ,
I was trying to solve this problem.
I could only figure out the naive solution. (DFS from each vertex) I think I have encountered similar problems before but I couldn't solve them either. How do I solve this kind of problem?
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By zscoder, history, 13 months ago, ,
I keep getting this message when I try to package the problem in polygon :
PackageException: There exists a test where checker crashes.
Why does this error show up?
(I'm using the standard checker that compares sequences of integers)
By zscoder, history, 13 months ago, ,
Reminder that Ad Infinitum 15 — Math Programming Contest starts at Apr 15 2016, 11:30 pm CST.
T-shirts for top 10 ranks on leaderboard.
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By zscoder, history, 13 months ago, ,
## 1. COLOR
This problem is trivial. Note that we want the resulting string to be monochromatic and thus we can just choose the color with maximal occurences and change the remaining letters into the color.
## 2. CHBLLNS
This problem is also trivial. For each color, we take k - 1 balls, or if there're less than k - 1 balls, take all the balls. Currently, there are at most k - 1 balls for each color. Then, take one more ball. By pigeonhole principle, there exists k balls of same color. So, this is our answer.
## 3. CHEFPATH
This problem is not hard. WLOG, assume n ≤ m. If n = 1, then the task is possible if and only if m = 2 for obvious reasons. Otherwise, if m, n are both odd, then coloring the board in a checkerboard fashion can show that no such path exist. If one of m, n is even, then such path exists. (it's not hard to construct such path)
## 4. BIPIN3
In fact, the answer is the same for any tree. For the root vertex we can select k possible colors. For each children, note that we can select any color except the color of the parent vertex, so there're k - 1 choices. So, in total there are k·(n - 1)k - 1 possible colorings. To evaluate this value, we use modular exponentiation.
## 5. FIBQ
The idea of this problem is to convert the sum in matrix language. Let T be the matrix[\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix} ]
Additionally, let I be the identity matrix. Then, our desired answer will be the top right element of (Tal + I)(Tal + 1 + I)...(Tar + I). Now, to support the update queries, just use a segment tree. The segment tree from this link is perfect for the job.
## 6. DEVGOSTR
Despite it's appearance, this problem is actually very simple. For A = 1, there is at most 1 possible string, namely the string consisting of all `a's. The background of this problem is Van der Waerden's Theorem. According to the Wikipedia page, the maximal length of a good string for A = 2 is 8 and the maximal length for a good string for A = 3 is 26. Now, for A = 2 we can brute force all possible strings. However, for A = 3 we need to brute force more cleverly. The key is to note that if a string s is not good then appending any letter to s will not make it good. So, we just need to attempt to append letters to good strings. This pruning will easily AC the problem.
## 7. AMAEXPER
Call a point that minimizes the answer for a subtree rooted at r the king of r. If there are mutiple kings choose the one closer to r. The problem revolves around an important lemma :
Lemma : For the subtree rooted at r, consider all children of r. Let l be the children such that the distance from r to the furthest node in the subtree rooted at l is the longest. If there are multiple l, then r is the king. Otherwise, either r is the king of the node in the subtree rooted at l is the king.
Sketch of proof : Suppose not, then the maximal distance from some other vertex will be the distance from that node to root + the distance from root to the furthest node in the subtree rooted at l, so choosing r is more optimal.
Thus, for we can actually divide the tree into chains. A chain starts from some vertex v and we keep going down to the children l. For each node r, we store the distance to root, the maximal distance from r to any vertex in its subtree, as well as the maximal distance IF we don't go down to children l. (this distance is 0 if r has only 1 children) Now, for each chain, we start from the bottom. We also maintain a king counter starting from the bottom. At first, the answer for the bottom node is the maximal distance stored for that node. Then, as we go up to the top of the chain, note that the possible places for the king is on the chain and will not go below the king for the node below. Thus, we can update the king counter in a sliding window like fashion. How do we find the answer for each node? This value can be calculated in terms of the numbers stored on each node, and using an RMQ we can find the desired answer. The details for this will not be included here.
## 8. FURGRAPH
The key observation for this problem is the following : Instead of weighing the edges, for each edge with weight w, we increase w to the endpoints of the edge (note that for self-loops the vertex will be added twice). Then, the difference of score of Mario and Luigi is just the difference of the sum of weights on the vertices they have chosen, divided by 2. Why? If an edge has its endpoints picked by Mario (or Luigi), then Mario (or Luigi)'s score will increase by 2w. If each person pick one of the endpoints, then the difference of score is unchanged, as desired. Now, Mario and Luigi's strategy is obvious : They will choose the vertex with maximal possible weight at the time, so letting a1 ≤ a2 ≤ ... ≤ an be the weights of the vertices in sorted order, the answer is an - an - 1 + an - 2... + ( - 1)n - 1a1, i.e. the alternating sum of weights in sorted order.
Using this observation alone can easily give us Subtask 2. We can naively store the vertex weights in a map and update as neccesary. For each query, just loop through the map and calculate the alternating sum.
Subtask 3 requires more optimization. We will use sqrt-decomposition with an order statistic tree to store the vertex weights in sorted order. Note that for each update, we're cyclicly shifting the values of al to ar, for some l, r which can be found from our order statistic tree. Then, we update ar as al + w. To efficiently perform these queries, we divide the array (of vertex weights) into parts of elements each. We start from element l. For each block we store a deque containing the elements, the sum of elements (we store the elements as negative if we want to subtract the value when calculating the alternating sum for convenience), and the sign of the elements in the block. We iterate through the elements and perform the neccesary updates until we reach the end of block. Then, for updating entire blocks, we perform the neccesary updates on the values, negate the sign, and since we're using deque we can pop front and push back the desired element (namely the next element). Then, when we reach the block containing r, we iterate naively again. The total complexity is . My solution with this algorithm ACs the problem.
## 9. CHNBGMT
Unfortunately, I only get the first 3 subtasks to this problem.
This problem is similar to this, except it's harder. The solution for that problem uses Lindstrom-Gessel-Viennot Lemma. We can apply that lemma to this problem as well.
You can see how to apply the lemma from the old CF problem. Now, the problem reduces to finding the number of ways to go from ai to bj for 1 ≤ i, j ≤ 2, and finding the determinant of the resulting 2 by 2 matrix.
For subtasks 1 and 2, M and N are small so we can find these values using a simple dp. In particular, we can use something like dp[i][j][k] = number of ways to get to (i, j) passing through exactly k carrots. Since M, N ≤ 60, this solution can easily pass.
For subtask 3, N, M ≤ 105. However, we are given that C = 0. For N = 2 or M = 2 the answer can be calculated manually. So, from now onwards, we assume M, N ≥ 3. Then finding the values is equivalent to computing binomial coefficients. (The details are trivial). So, all it remains is to know how to compute binomial coefficients mod MOD where MOD ≤ 109 is not guaranteed to be a prime.
Firstly, the obvious step is to factor MOD into its prime factors. Thus, we can compute the answer mod all the prime powers that are factors of MOD and combine the results with Chinese Remainder Theorem. How do we find the result mod pk? This is trivial. We just need to store vp(n) of the numbers and the remainder of the number mod pk when we divide out all factors of p. Now, compute modular inverse mod pk assuming that the value is not divisible by p can be done using Euler's Theorem the same way we find modular inverse mod p.
I would like to know how to get the other subtasks where C > 0.
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http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/particle-confined-rigid-one-dimensional-box-length-10-rm-fm-energy-level-en-329-mev-adjace-q2787266
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A particle confined in a rigid one-dimensional box of length 10 {\rm fm} has an energy level E_n=32.9 MeV and an adjacent energy level E_{n + 1}=51.4 MeV .
Part A
Determine the values of n and n+1.
Choices:
n=4 and n+1=5
n=7 and n+1=8
n=3 and n+1=4
n=2 and n+1=3
What is the wavelength of a photon emitted in the n+1 ----> n transition?
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https://searxiv.org/search?author=H.%20Atmacan
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### Results for "H. Atmacan"
total 80173took 0.23s
Evidence for the decay $B^{0}\to ηη$Sep 12 2016We report a search for $B^{0}\to \eta \eta$ with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $698 \,{\rm fb}^{-1}$ containing $753 \times 10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the ... More
Measurement of the $τ$ lepton polarization in the decay ${\bar B} \rightarrow D^* τ^- {\bar ν_τ}$Aug 23 2016We report the first measurement of the $\tau$ lepton polarization in the decay ${\bar B} \rightarrow D^* \tau^- {\bar\nu_{\tau}}$ as well as a new measurement of the ratio of the branching fractions $R(D^{*}) = \mathcal{B}({\bar B} \rightarrow D^* \tau^- ... More Precise determination of the CKM matrix element$\left| V_{cb}\right|$with$\bar B^0 \to D^{*\,+} \, \ell^- \, \bar ν_\ell$decays with hadronic tagging at BelleFeb 06 2017Feb 14 2017The precise determination of the CKM matrix element$\left| V_{cb}\right|$is important for carrying out tests of the flavour sector of the Standard Model. In this article we present a preliminary analysis of the$\bar B^0 \to D^{*\,+} \, \ell^- \, \bar ... More
Study of χ_{bJ}(1P) Properties in the Radiative Υ(2S) DecaysJun 03 2016We report a study of radiative decays of \chi_{bJ}(1P)(J=0,1,2) mesons into 74 hadronic final states comprising charged and neutral pions, kaons, protons; out of these, 41 modes are observed with at least 5 standard deviation significance. Our measurements ... More
Measurement of the branching ratio of $\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow D^{*+} τ^- \barν_τ$ relative to $\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow D^{*+} \ell^- \barν_{\ell}$ decays with a semileptonic tagging methodMar 22 2016We report a measurement of ratio ${\cal R}(D^*) = {\cal B}(\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow D^{*+} \tau^- \bar{\nu}_{\tau})/{\cal B}(\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow D^{*+} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})$, where $\ell$ denotes an electron or a muon. The results are based on a data ... More
Measurement of CKM Matrix Element $|V_{cb}|$ from $\bar{B} \to D^{*+} \ell^{-} \barν_\ell$Sep 10 2018Nov 19 2018We present a new measurement of the CKM matrix element $|V_{cb}|$ from $B^{0} \rightarrow D^{*}\ell \nu$ decays, reconstructed with full Belle data set ($711 \, \rm fb^{-1}$). Two form factor parameterisations, based on work by the CLN and BGL groups, ... More
Measurements of branching fraction and $CP$ asymmetry of the $\bar{B}^{0}(B^{0})\to K^{0}_{S}K^{\mp}π^{\pm}$ decay at BelleJul 18 2018Sep 03 2018We report the measurement of the branching fraction and $CP$ asymmetry for the $\bar{B}^{0}(B^{0})\to K^{0}_{S}K^{\mp}\pi^{\pm}$ decay. The analysis is performed on a data sample of 711 $\rm{fb}^{-1}$ collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the ... More
Study of charmless decays $B^{\pm} \to K^{0}_{S} K^{0}_{S} h^{\pm}$ ($h=K,π$) at BelleAug 01 2018We report a search for charmless hadronic decays of charged $B$ mesons to the final states $K^{0}_{S} K^{0}_{S} K^{\pm}$ and $K^{0}_{S} K^{0}_{S} \pi^{\pm}$ . The results are based on a $711 {fb}^{-1}$ data sample that contains $772 \times 10^6$ $B \bar{B}$ ... More
Evidence for the h_b(1P) meson in the decay Upsilon(3S) --> pi0 h_b(1P)Feb 22 2011Oct 17 2011Using a sample of 122 million Upsilon(3S) events recorded with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at SLAC, we search for the $h_b(1P)$ spin-singlet partner of the P-wave chi_{bJ}(1P) states in the sequential decay Upsilon(3S) ... More
Search for hadronic decays of a light Higgs boson in the radiative decay Upsilon --> gamma A0Aug 17 2011We search for hadronic decays of a light Higgs boson (A0) produced in radiative decays of an Upsilon(2S) or Upsilon(3S) meson, Upsilon --> gamma A0. The data have been recorded by the BABAR experiment at the Upsilon(3S) and Upsilon(2S) center of mass ... More
Emergent states in dense systems of active rods: from swarming to turbulenceApr 02 2012Dense suspensions of self-propelled rod-like particles exhibit a fascinating variety of non-equilibrium phenomena. By means of computer simulations of a minimal model for rigid self-propelled colloidal rods with variable shape we explore the generic diagram ... More
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The Belle II Physics BookAug 31 2018Oct 24 2018We present the physics program of the Belle II experiment, located on the intensity frontier SuperKEKB e+e- collider. Belle II collected its first collisions in 2018, and is expected to operate for the next decade. It is anticipated to collect 50/ab of ... More
Rhythmic cluster generation in strongly driven colloidal dispersionsJun 28 2006We study the response of a nematic colloidal dispersion of rods to a driven probe particle which is dragged with high speed through the dispersion perpendicular to the nematic director. In front of the dragged particle, clusters of rods are generated ... More
Superradiant cascade emissions in an atomic ensemble via four-wave mixingJan 21 2015May 04 2015We investigate superradiant cascade emissions from an atomic ensemble driven by two-color classical fields. The correlated pair of photons (signal and idler) is generated by adiabatically driving the system with large-detuned light fields via four-wave ... More
Spectral analysis for cascade-emission-based quantum communication in atomic ensemblesMar 11 2014The ladder configuration of atomic levels provides a source for telecom photons (signal) from the upper atomic transition. \ For rubidium and cesium atoms, the signal field has the range around 1.3-1.5 $\mu$m that can be coupled to an optical fiber and ... More
Positive-P phase space method simulation in superradiant emission from a cascade atomic ensembleJan 12 2012The superradiant emission properties from an atomic ensemble with cascade level configuration is numerically simulated. The correlated spontaneous emissions (signal then idler fields) are purely stochastic processes which are initiated by quantum fluctuations. ... More
AdS/CFT correspondence in the Euclidean contextNov 02 2006May 23 2007We study two possible prescriptions for AdS/CFT correspondence by means of functional integrals. The considerations are non-perturbative and reveal certain divergencies which turn out to be harmless, in the sense that reflection-positivity and conformal ... More
Correlation Energy Estimators based on Møller-Plesset Perturbation TheoryMar 05 1996Some methods for the convergence acceleration of the M{\o}ller-Plesset perturbation series for the correlation energy are discussed. The order-by-order summation is less effective than the Feenberg series. The latter is obtained by renormalizing the unperturbed ... More
N=8 matter coupled AdS_3 supergravitiesJun 18 2001Following the recent construction of maximal (N=16) gauged supergravity in three dimensions, we derive gauged D=3, N=8 supergravities in three dimensions as deformations of the corresponding ungauged theories with scalar manifolds SO(8,n)/(SO(8)x SO(n)). ... More
Maximal gauged supergravity in three dimensionsOct 11 2000Jan 07 2001We construct maximally supersymmetric gauged N=16 supergravity in three dimensions, thereby obtaining an entirely new class of AdS supergravities. These models are not derivable from any known higher-dimensional theory, indicating the existence of a new ... More
Whitham Prepotential and SuperpotentialDec 30 2003Jan 24 2004N=2 supersymmetric U(N) Yang-Mills theory softly broken to N=1 by the superpotential of the adjoint scalar fields is discussed from the viewpoint of the Whitham deformation theory for prepotential. With proper identification of the superpotential we derive ... More
Surface anisotropy in nanomagnets: transverse or Néel ?Jul 17 2003Mar 31 2004Through the hysteresis loop and magnetization spatial distribution we study and compare two models for surface anisotropy in nanomagnets: a model with transverse anisotropy axes and N\'eel's model. While surface anisotropy in the transverse model induces ... More
String-Scale BaryogenesisMar 25 1997Mar 26 1997Baryogenesis scenarios at the string scale are considered. The observed baryon to entropy ratio, $n_B /s \sim 10^{-10}$, can be explained in these scenarios.
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Analysis of the thermal cross section of the capture reaction 13C(n,gamma)14COct 02 1997We investigate the thermal cross section of the reaction 13C(n,gamma)14}C which takes place in the helium burning zones of red giant star as well as in the nucleosynthesis of Inhomogeneous Big Bang models. We find that we can reproduce the experimentally ... More
Erroneous solution of three-dimensional (3D) simple orthorhombic Ising latticesSep 04 2012Jun 18 2013The first paper is an invited comment on arXiv:1110.5527 presented at Hypercomplex Seminar 2012 and on sixteen earlier published papers by Zhidong Zhang and Norman H. March. All these works derive from an erroneous solution of the three-dimensional Ising ... More
Rejoinder on "Conjectures on exact solution of three-dimensional (3D) simple orthorhombic Ising lattices"Jan 19 2009Mar 30 2009It is shown that the arguments in the reply of Z.-D. Zhang (arXiv:0812.0194) to the comment arXiv:0811.1802 defending his conjectures in arXiv:0705.1045 are invalid. His conjectures have been thoroughly disproved.
The two-fermion vector potential of constraint theory from Feynman diagramsOct 16 1995The relativistic fermion-antifermion bound state vector potential of constraint theory is calculated, in perturbation theory, by means of the Lippmann-Schwinger type equation that relates it to the scattering amplitude. Leading contributions of n-photon ... More
Energy and decay width of the pi-K atomMay 24 2006The energy and decay width of the pi-K atom are evaluated in the framework of the quasipotential-constraint theory approach. The main electromagnetic and isospin symmetry breaking corrections to the lowest-order formulas for the energy shift from the ... More
Molecular dynamics simulation of aging in amorphous silicaDec 06 1999By means of molecular dynamics simulations we examine the aging process of a strong glass former, a silica melt modeled by the BKS potential. The system is quenched from a temperature above to one below the critical temperature, and the potential energy ... More
An indefinite metric model for interacting quantum fields with non-stationary background gravitationAug 25 2004We consider a relativistic Ansatz for the vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of a quantum field on a globally hyperbolic space-time which is motivated by certain Euclidean field theories. The Yang-Feldman asymptotic condition w.r.t. a "in"-field in a quasi-free ... More
Series Prediction based on Algebraic ApproximantsJul 12 2011It is described how the Hermite-Pad\'e polynomials corresponding to an algebraic approximant for a power series may be used to predict coefficients of the power series that have not been used to compute the Hermite-Pad\'e polynomials. A recursive algorithm ... More
Boundary blow-up solutions of elliptic equations involving regional fractional LaplacianFeb 09 2016In this paper, we study existence of boundary blow-up solutions for elliptic equations involving regional fractional Laplacian. We also discuss the optimality of our results.
A 5D noncompact Kaluza -Klein cosmology in the presence of Null perfect fluidMay 18 2010Jun 08 2011For the description of the early inflation, and acceleration expansion of the Universe, compatible with observational data, the 5D noncompact Kaluza--Klein cosmology is investigated. It is proposed that the 5D space is filled with a null perfect fluid, ... More
Schwinger-Dyson and Large $N_{c}$ Loop Equation for Supersymmetric Yang-Mills TheoryApr 04 1996We derive an infinite sequence of Schwinger-Dyson equations for $N=1$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. The fundamental and the only variable employed is the Wilson-loop geometrically represented in $N=1$ superspace: it organizes an infinite number of ... More
On pseudo B-Weyl operators and generalized Drazin invertibility for operator matricesMar 23 2015We introduce a new class which generalizes the class of B-Weyl operators. We say that $T\in L(X)$ is pseudo B-Weyl if $T=T_1\oplus T_2$ where $T_1$ is a Weyl operator and $T_2$ is a quasi-nilpotent operator. We show that the corresponding pseudo B-Weyl ... More
The infinite mass limit of the two-particle Green's function in QEDApr 07 1997The behavior of the two-particle Green's function in QED is analyzed in the limit when one of the particles becomes infinitely massive. It is found that the dependences of the Green's function on the relative times of the ingoing and outgoing particles ... More
Incorporation of anomalous magnetic moments in the two-body relativistic wave equations of constraint theoryJun 19 1996Using a Dirac-matrix substitution rule, applied to the electric charge, the anomalous magnetic moments of fermions are incorporated in local form in the two-body relativistic wave equations of constraint theory. The structure of the resulting potential ... More
The Early History of the Integrable Chiral Potts Model and the Odd-Even ProblemNov 26 2015Jan 18 2016In the first part of this paper I shall discuss the round-about way of how the integrable chiral Potts model was discovered about 30 years ago. As there should be more higher-genus models to be discovered, this might be of interest. In the second part ... More
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On K(E_9)Jul 08 2004We study the maximal compact subgroup K(E_9) of the affine Lie group E_9(9) and its on-shell realization as an R symmetry of maximal N=16 supergravity in two dimensions. We first give a rigorous definition of the group K(E_9), which lives on the double ... More
Compact and Noncompact Gauged Maximal Supergravities in Three DimensionsMar 06 2001Apr 21 2001We present the maximally supersymmetric three-dimensional gauged supergravities. Owing to the special properties of three dimensions -- especially the on-shell duality between vector and scalar fields, and the purely topological character of (super)gravity ... More
A nontrivial solvable noncommutative φ^3 model in 4 dimensionsMar 07 2006May 24 2006We study the quantization of the noncommutative selfdual \phi^3 model in 4 dimensions, by mapping it to a Kontsevich model. The model is shown to be renormalizable, provided one additional counterterm is included compared to the 2-dimensional case which ... More
Renormalization of the noncommutative phi^3 model through the Kontsevich modelDec 16 2005We point out that the noncommutative selfdual phi^3 model can be mapped to the Kontsevich model, for a suitable choice of the eigenvalues in the latter. This allows to apply known results for the Kontsevich model to the quantization of the field theory, ... More
Transition Amplitudes within the Stochastic Quantization SchemeSep 30 1993Quantum mechanical transition amplitudes are calculated within the stochastic quantization scheme for the free nonrelativistic particle, the harmonic oscillator and the nonrelativistic particle in a constant magnetic field; we close with free Grassmann ... More
Independent Component Analysis of Spatiotemporal ChaosMay 13 2005Two types of spatiotemporal chaos exhibited by ensembles of coupled nonlinear oscillators are analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA). For diffusively coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau oscillators that exhibit smooth amplitude patterns, ICA ... More
Pentaquark $Θ^+$ in nuclear matter and $Θ^+$ hypernucleiOct 17 2004Jul 05 2005We study the properties of the $\Theta^+$ in nuclear matter and $\Theta^+$ hypernuclei within the quark mean-field (QMF) model, which has been successfully used for the description of ordinary nuclei and $\Lambda$ hypernuclei. With the assumption that ... More
Gauge transformations in relativistic two-particle constraint theorySep 16 1996Using connection with quantum field theory, the infinitesimal covariant abelian gauge transformation laws of relativistic two-particle constraint theory wave functions and potentials are established and weak invariance of the corresponding wave equations ... More
Relativistic effects in the pionium lifetimeJun 23 1997The pionium decay width is evaluated in the framework of chiral perturbation theory and the relativistic bound state formalism of constraint theory. Corrections of order O(\alpha) are calculated with respect to the conventional lowest-order formula, in ... More
Comment on "Conjectures on exact solution of three-dimensional (3D) simple orthorhombic Ising lattices" [arXiv:0705.1045]Nov 12 2008Nov 22 2008It is shown that a recent article by Z.-D. Zhang [arXiv:0705.1045] is in error and violates well-known theorems.
A Simple Method to Reduce Thermodynamic Derivatives by ComputerJan 09 2014Studies in thermodynamics often require the reduction of some first or second order partial derivatives in terms of a smaller basic set. A simple algorithm to perform such a reduction is presented here, together with a review of earlier related works. ... More
Variational Calculation of Effective Classical Potential at $T \neq 0$ to Higher OrdersApr 16 1995Using the new variational approach proposed recently for a systematic improvement of the locally harmonic Feynman-Kleinert approximation to path integrals we calculate the partition function of the anharmonic oscillator for all temperatures and coupling ... More
Superradiant laser: Effect of long-ranged dipole-dipole interactionSep 02 2016We theoretically investigate the effect of long-ranged dipole-dipole interaction (LRDDI) on a superradiant laser (SL). This effect is induced from the atom-photon interaction in the dissipation process. In the bad-cavity limit usually performed to initiate ... More
Cooperative single-photon subradiant states in a three-dimensional atomic arrayJun 21 2016We propose a complete superradiant and subradiant states that can be manipulated and prepared in a three-dimensional atomic array. These subradiant states can be realized by absorbing a single photon and imprinting the spatially-dependent phases on the ... More
Effects of Spin Fluctuations in Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic SuperconductorsMay 05 1999We study the electronic states of quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors using the single band Hubbard model at half-filling. We treat the effects of the on-site Coulomb interaction by the fluctuation-exchange (FLEX) method, and calculate the phase ... More
Application of the Limit Cycle Model to Star Formation Histories in Spiral Galaxies: Variation among Morphological TypesMay 04 2000We propose a limit-cycle scenario of star formation history for any morphological type of spiral galaxies. It is known observationally that the early-type spiral sample has a wider range of the present star formation rate (SFR) than the late-type sample. ... More
On the extrapolation of perturbation seriesDec 21 2002We discuss certain special cases of algebraic approximants that are given as zeroes of so-called "effective characteristic polynomials" and their generalization to a multiseries setting. These approximants are useful for the convergence acceleration or ... More
The size-extensitivity of correlation energy estimators based on effective characteristic polynomialsApr 08 1997Estimators $\Pi n$ for the correlation energy can be computed as roots of effective characteristic polynomials of degree $n$. The coefficients of these polynomials are derived from the terms of the perturbation series of the energy. From a fourth-order ... More
Integrability and Canonical Structure of d=2, N=16 SupergravityApr 23 1998Jul 01 1998The canonical formulation of d=2, N=16 supergravity is presented. We work out the supersymmetry generators (including all higher order spinor terms) and the N=16 superconformal constraint algebra. We then describe the construction of the conserved non-local ... More
A focusable, convergent fast-electron beam from ultra-high-intensity laser-solid interactionsJan 29 2015A novel scheme for the creation of a convergent, or focussing, fast-electron beam generated from ultra-high-intensity laser-solid interactions is described. Self-consistent particle-in-cell simulations are used to demonstrate the efficacy of this scheme ... More
Inherent global stabilization of unstable local behavior in coupled map latticesJul 05 2004The behavior of two-dimensional coupled map lattices is studied with respect to the global stabilization of unstable local fixed points without external control. It is numerically shown under which circumstances such inherent global stabilization can ... More
Quark mean field model for nuclear matter and finite nucleiNov 15 1999We study nuclear matter and finite nuclei in terms of the quark mean field (QMF) model, in which we describe the nucleon using the constituent quark model. The meson mean fields, in particular the sigma meson, created by other nucleons act on quarks inside ... More
The relativistic two-body potentials of constraint theory from summation of Feynman diagramsFeb 07 1996The relativistic two-body potentials of constraint theory for systems composed of two spin-0 or two spin-1/2 particles are calculated, in perturbation theory, by means of the Lippmann-Schwinger type equation that relates them to the scattering amplitude. ... More
Theory of the Hall Coefficient and the Resistivity on the Layered Organic Superconductors κ-(BEDT-TTF)Nov 20 2000Feb 22 2001In the organic superconducting \kappa-(BEDT-TTF) compounds, various transport phenomena exhibit striking non-Fermi liquid behaviors, which should be the important clues to understanding the electronic state of this system. Especially, the Hall coefficient ... More
Thermodynamical description of modified generalized Chaplygin gas model of dark energyApr 10 2015May 17 2016We consider a universe filled by a modified generalized Chaplygin gas together with a pressureless dark matter component. We get a thermodynamical interpretation for the modified generalized Chaplygin gas confined to the apparent horizon of FRW universe, ... More
Stabilization of causally and non-causally coupled map latticesJul 07 2004Two-dimensional coupled map lattices have global stability properties that depend on the coupling between individual maps and their neighborhood. The action of the neighborhood on individual maps can be implemented in terms of "causal" coupling (to spatially ... More
Asymptotic function for multi-growth surfaces using power-law noiseNov 06 2002Numerical simulations are used to investigate the multiaffine exponent $\alpha_q$ and multi-growth exponent $\beta_q$ of ballistic deposition growth for noise obeying a power-law distribution. The simulated values of $\beta_q$ are compared with the asymptotic ... More
Study of $Λ$ hypernuclei in the quark mean field modelApr 24 2001Jul 11 2001We extend the quark mean field model to the study of $\Lambda$ hypernuclei. Without adjusting parameters, the properties of $\Lambda$ hypernuclei can be described reasonably well. The small spin-orbit splittings for $\Lambda$ in hypernuclei are achieved, ... More
Comment on Mathematical structure of the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model'Jul 06 2013The review paper by Zhang Zhi-Dong contains many errors and is based on several earlier works that are equally wrong.
Scalings between Physical and their Observationally related Quantities of Merger RemnantsSep 07 2005We present scaling relations between the virial velocity (V) and the one-dimensional central velocity dispersion (Sig0); the gravitational radius (Rv) and the effective radius (Re); and the total mass (M) and the luminous mass (ML) found in N-body simulations ... More
B2BII - Data conversion from Belle to Belle IISep 28 2018We describe the conversion of simulated and recorded data by the Belle experiment to the Belle~II format with the software package \texttt{b2bii}. It is part of the Belle~II Analysis Software Framework. This allows the validation of the analysis software ... More
Characterizing arbitrarily slow convergence in the method of alternating projectionsOct 12 2007In 1997, Bauschke, Borwein, and Lewis have stated a trichotomy theorem that characterizes when the convergence of the method of alternating projections can be arbitrarily slow. However, there are two errors in their proof of this theorem. In this note, ... More
Weak Quantum Theory: Complementarity and Entanglement in Physics and BeyondApr 23 2001Nov 21 2001The concepts of complementarity and entanglement are considered with respect to their significance in and beyond physics. A formally generalized, weak version of quantum theory, more general than ordinary quantum theory of material systems, is outlined ... More
CP Asymmetry for Inclusive Decay $B \to X_d + γ$ in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard ModelJun 02 1999Aug 20 1999We study the inclusive rare decay $B\to X_d+\gamma$ in the supergravity inspired Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and compute the CP-asymmetry in the decay rates. We show that there exist two phenomenologically acceptable sets of SUSY parameters: ... More
Abrupt Emergence of Pressure-Induced Superconductivity of 34 K in SrFe2As2: A Resistivity Study under PressureOct 27 2008Nov 19 2008We report resistivity measurement under pressure in single crystals of SrFe_2As_2, which is one of the parent materials of Fe-based superconductors. The structural and antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition of T_0 = 198 K at ambient pressure is suppressed ... More
Feynman graphs for non-Gaussian measuresJan 12 2005Nov 30 2006Partition- and moment functions for a general (not necessarily Gaussian) functional measure that is perturbed by a Gibbs factor are calculated using generalized Feynman graphs. From the graphical calculus, a new notion of Wick ordering arises, that coincides ... More
Feynman graph representation of the perturbation series for general functional measuresAug 20 2004A representation of the perturbation series of a general functional measure is given in terms of generalized Feynman graphs and -rules. The graphical calculus is applied to certain functional measures of L\'evy type. A graphical notion of Wick ordering ... More
Asymptotic Analysis of High-Contrast Phononic Crystals and a Criterion for the Band-Gap OpeningSep 30 2006We investigate the band-gap structure of the frequency spectrum for elastic waves in a high-contrast, two-component periodic elastic medium. We consider two-dimensional phononic crystals consisting of a background medium which is perforated by an array ... More
The System of Multi Color-flux-tubes in the Dual Ginzburg-Landau TheoryFeb 27 1996We study the system of multi color-flux-tubes in terms of the dual Ginzburg -Landau theory. We consider two ideal cases, where the directions of all the color-flux-tubes are the same in one case and alternative in the other case for neighboring flux-tubes. ... More
Search for $η$-bound NucleiAug 17 2010The $\eta$ meson can be bound to atomic nuclei. Experimental search is discussed in the form of final state interaction for the reactions $dp\to{^3\text{He}}\eta$ and $dd\to{^4\text{He}}\eta$. For the latter case tensor polarized deuterons were used in ... More
Physics at COSYNov 21 2004The COSY accelerator in J\'ulich is presented together with its internal and external detectors. The physics programme performed recently is discussed with emphasis on strangeness physics.
Vortex Origin of Tricritical Point in Ginzburg-Landau TheorySep 16 2005Motivated by recent experimental progress in the critical regime of high-$T_c$ superconductors we show how the tricritical point in a superconductor can be derived from the Ginzburg-Landau theory as a consequence of vortex fluctuations. Our derivation ... More
Vortex Line Nucleation of First-Order Transition U(1)-Symmetric Field SystemsNov 20 1998We show that in field systems with U(1)-symmetry, first-order transitions are nucleated by vortex lines, not bubbles, thus calling for a reinvestigation of the Kibble mechanism for the phase transition of the early universe.
Hubbard-Stratonovich Transformation: Successes, Failure, and CureApr 27 2011We recall the successes of the Hubbard-Stratonovich Transformation (HST) of many-body theory, point out its failure to cope with competing channels of collective phenomena and show how to overcome this by Variational Perturbation Theory. That yields exponentially ... More
Status and perspectives of sin2alpha measurementsJul 23 2003In the neutral B meson system, it is possible to measure the CKM angle alpha using the decay mode b -> u ubar d in the presence of pollution from gluonic b -> d penguin decays. Here the recent status of the measurements of CP-violating asymmetry parameters ... More
Self--Dual Supergravity and Supersymmetric Yang--Mills Coupled to Green--Schwarz SuperstringNov 10 1992Nov 10 1992We present the {\it canonical} set of superspace constraints for self-dual supergravity, a self-dual'' tensor multiplet and a self-dual Yang-Mills multiplet with $~N=1~$ supersymmetry in the space-time with signature $(+,+,-,-)$. For this set of constraints, ... More
Transmission delay times of localized wavesMar 05 2001We investigate the effects of wave localization on the delay time tau (frequency sensitivity of the scattering phase shift) of a wave transmitted through a disordered wave guide. Localization results in a separation tau=chi+chi' of the delay time into ... More
Didactic derivation of the special theory of relativity from the Klein-Gordon equationJun 27 2014Jul 31 2014We present a didactic derivation of the special theory of relativity in which Lorentz transformations are discovered' as symmetry transformations of the Klein-Gordon equation. The interpretation of Lorentz boosts as transformations to moving inertial ... More
Novel exact charged mass distribution in classical field theory and the notion of point-like elementary electric chargeAug 20 2014Feb 23 2016The existence of stable, charged elementary 'point particles' still is a basically unsolved puzzle in theoretical physics. E.g., in quantum electrodynamics the infinite self-energy of the Dirac point electron is 'swept under the carpet' by renormalizing ... More
Valuation of path-dependent American options using a Monte Carlo approachJan 12 1998It is shown how to obtain accurate values for American options using Monte Carlo simulation. The main feature of the novel algorithm consists of tracking the boundary between exercise and hold regions via optimization of a certain payoff function. We ... More
Recent studies of Charmonium Decays at CLEONov 13 2007Nov 16 2007Recent results on Charmonium decays are reviewed which includes two-, three- and four-body decays of $\chi_{cJ}$ states, observations of Y(4260) through $\pi\pi J/\psi$ transitions, precise measurements of $M(D^0)$, $M(\eta)$ as well as \$\mathcal{B}(\eta\to ... More
The Fundamental Constants in PhysicsFeb 17 2009We discuss the fundamental constants of physics in the Standard Model and possible changes of these constants on the cosmological time scale. The Grand Unification of the strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions implies relations between the time ... More
Flavor Symmetries, Neutrino Masses and Neutrino MixingFeb 07 2008We discuss the neutrino mixing, using the texture 0 mass matrices, which work very well for the quarks. The solar mixing angle is directly linked to the mass ratio of the first two neutrinos. The neutrino masses are hierarchical, but the mass ratios turn ... More
In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group for Closed and Open-Shell NucleiJul 23 2016We present a pedagogical introduction to the In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group (IM-SRG) framework for ab initio calculations of nuclei. The IM-SRG performs continuous unitary transformations of the nuclear many-body Hamiltonian in second-quantized ... More
On gravitational dressing of renormalization group beta-functions beyond lowest order of perturbation theoryOct 12 1994Based on considerations in conformal gauge I derive up to nextleading order a relation between the coefficients of beta-functions in 2D renormalizable field theories before and after coupling to gravity. The result implies a coupling constant dependence ... More
The Density Profile of Massive Galaxy Clusters from Weak LensingOct 20 2003We use measurements of weak gravitational shear around a sample of massive galaxy clusters at z = 0.3 to constrain their average radial density profile. Our results are consistent with the density profiles of CDM halos in numerical simulations and inconsistent ... More
Scaling of N-body calculationsDec 14 2000We report results of collisional N-body simulations aimed to study the N-dependance of the dynamical evolution of star clusters. Our clusters consist of equal-mass stars and are in virial equilibrium. Clusters moving in external tidal fields and clusters ... More
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https://ai.nuhil.net/vector-and-matrix/scaler-vs-vector
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Vector
A vector has a magnitude and direction. The length of the line shows its magnitude and the arrowhead points in the direction. We can add two vectors by joining them head-to-tail. And it doesn't matter which order we add them, we get the same result.
We can also subtract one vector from another. First, we reverse the direction of the vector we want to subtract, then add them as usual.
$a = (8,13), b = (26,7), c = (8, 13) + (26, 7) = (8+26, 13+7) = (34, 20)$
# Magnitude of a Vector
$|a| = \sqrt( x^2 + y^2 )$
Magnitude of the vector,
$|b| = (6,8) = \sqrt( 6^2 + 8^2) = \sqrt( 36+64) = \sqrt100 = 10$
# Multiplying a Vector by a Vector
• Dot Product - Result is a Scaler
• $a \cdot b = \lvert a \lvert \times \lvert b \lvert \times cos (\theta)$
• Multiply the length of a times the length of b, then multiply by the cosine of the angle between a and b.
• Or, we can use the formula
$a \cdot b = a_x \times b_x + a_y \times b_y$
• Multiply the x's, multiply the y's, then add.
• Cross Product - Results a Vector
• Cross Product a × b of two vectors is another vector that is at right angles to both.
• $a \times b = \lvert a \lvert \times \lvert b \lvert \times sin (\theta) \times n$
Vectors
Dot Product
Cross Product
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https://www.philadelinquency.com/2017/05/22/tartaglione-trial-week/
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# Tartaglione Trial Is This Week
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Photo cred (Steven M. Falk/Inquirer)
# The living embodiment of Philadelphia corruption
Every six to twelve months in Philadelphia there is some machine-endorsed Democrat who goes down in flames and gets sucked into the criminal justice system. Right now we’re dealing with the fallout of District Attorney Seth Williams.
But that’s not the only game, or trial, in town.
Up comes the dynamic duo of Renee Tartaglione and Carlos Matos accused of bribery, money laundering and defrauding Pennsylvania Medicaid whose trial begins today. Renee was once a deputy City Commissioner who had her direct mitts on the voting process in Philly. Carlos is a Federal ex-con who has a mafia-like grip as ward leader over the Norris Square neighborhood in Kensington. He once was ordered by a Federal judge to stay away from politics. Alas, he can’t stay away.
The pair are part of the hidden class of Philadelphia Democrats known as ward leaders. They control who gets endorsement and voter support for lower level offices. That is until this recent Tuesday when machine Democrats were swamped by angry progressives who did not want their sample ballots.
Juniata Mental Health Clinic
# Absconding with your tax dollars
Tartaglione’s primary scheme was operating the Juniata Mental Health Clinic. Both Juniata and Feltonville are awash with a large array of Medicaid billing providers. Juniata Mental Health was one of the larger ones.
And now it’s closed forever
One day Sheree Brown, a manager that Tartaglione hired was frustrated with her job as a medical biller. Her job was to electronically file the Medicaid claims for the clinic so Renee would get paid. She felt like she was being bullied into adding on work to the claims which was not performed.
According to Brown…
While employed with [Tartaglione], [Brown] became aware of what appeared to be fraudulent billing practices of [Juniata Mental Health] including over-billing for psychotherapist time, improper psychotherapy billing for services performed [by people] not licensed to perform psychotherapy.
Tartaglione’s response in court was to file a default answer, deny everything and hit Brown up for \$50,000. The matter was later settled.
But this clinic spawned CityPaper, an alt-weekly which shut in 2015 and this website to start posting about Juniata Mental Health. The FBI certainly was reading.
A few months after the initial stories ran, the FBI raided Juniata Mental Health.
That prosecution so far has yielded a federal guilty plea out of former state representative Leslie Acosta. She was forced to step aside as the investigation connected her to money laundering, cashing checks for Renee Tartaglione and returning the funds.
# Secrecy and seals
One thing that’s different about the Tartaglione trial over the Williams trial is how much of the criminal case’s contents is kept under wraps. Most likely this is due to privacy concerns with the former patients who were on the bills, but others involved in the case say they’re not allowed to talk about it. Even the judge back in January of this year filed a sealed order against Tartaglione.
One thing that is interesting though is some of the evidence that Federal prosecutors intend to drag up. Like this:
At trial, the Government seeks to present audio recordings from two sources: (1) phone calls placed by Defendant’s husband, Carlos Matos, while Matos was incarcerated in federal prison (referred to as the “prison recordings”), and (2) conversations between Matos and a cooperating witness, Sandy Acosta (referred to as the “witness recording”). (Doc. No. 57 at 6.) Defendant argues the recordings should be suppressed for several reasons. (Doc. No. 72.) She contends that the prison recordings are protected by spousal privileges and are irrelevant. (Id. at 4-6.) She also asserts that the witness recording cannot be admitted because it does not satisfy authentication and relevancy requirements, and is inadmissible hearsay. (Id. at 7-8.) For reasons that follow, this Court will grant the Government’s Motion (Doc. No. 57) and will permit the use of the recordings at trial.
Spicy!
164 Shares
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http://philpapers.org/s/Johan%20Benthem
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## Works by Johan Benthem
44 found
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Disambiguations:
Johan Van Benthem [29] Johan Benthem [15]
1. Johan Benthem, Davide Grossi & Fenrong Liu (2014). Priority Structures in Deontic Logic. Theoria 80 (2):116-152.
This article proposes a systematic application of recent developments in the logic of preference to a number of topics in deontic logic. The key junction is the well-known Hansson conditional for dyadic obligations. These conditionals are generalized by pairing them with reasoning about syntactic priority structures. The resulting two-level approach to obligations is tested first against standard scenarios of contrary-to-duty obligations, leading also to a generalization for the Kanger-Anderson reduction of deontic logic. Next, the priority framework is applied to model (...)
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2. Johan Benthem (2012). The Logic of Empirical Theories Revisited. Synthese 186 (3):775 - 792.
Logic and philosophy of science share a long history, though contacts have gone through ups and downs. This paper is a brief survey of some major themes in logical studies of empirical theories, including links to computer science and current studies of rational agency. The survey has no new results: we just try to make some things into common knowledge.
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3. Johan Benthem, Nick Bezhanishvili & Ian Hodkinson (2012). Sahlqvist Correspondence for Modal Mu-Calculus. Studia Logica 100 (1-2):31-60.
We define analogues of modal Sahlqvist formulas for the modal mu-calculus, and prove a correspondence theorem for them.
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4. Johan Benthem & Ştefan Minică (2012). Toward a Dynamic Logic of Questions. Journal of Philosophical Logic 41 (4):633 - 669.
Questions are triggers for explicit events of 'issue management'. We give a complete logic in dynamic-epistemic style for events of raising, refining, and resolving an issue, all in the presence of information flow through observation or communication. We explore extensions of the framework to multiagent scenarios and long-term temporal protocols. We sketch a comparison with some alternative accounts.
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5. Johan Benthem & Sonja Smets (2012). New Logical Perspectives on Physics. Synthese 186 (3):615 - 617.
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6. Johan Van Benthem (2011). Logic in a Social Setting. Episteme 8 (3):227-247.
Taking Backward Induction as its running example, this paper explores avenues for a logic of information-driven social action. We use recent results on limit phenomena in knowledge updating and belief revision, procedural rationality, and a ‘Theory of Play’ analyzing how games are played by different agents.
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7. Johan van Benthem & Fernando R. Velázquez-Quesada (2010). The Dynamics of Awareness. Synthese 177 (S1):5 - 27.
Classical epistemic logic describes implicit knowledge of agents about facts and knowledge of other agents based on semantic information. The latter is produced by acts of observation or communication that are described well by dynamic epistemic logics. What these logics do not describe, however, is how significant information is also produced by acts of inference— and key axioms of the system merely postulate "deductive closure". In this paper, we take the view that all information is produced by acts, and hence (...)
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8. Thomas Ågotnes, Johan van Benthem & Eric Pacuit (2009). Logic and Intelligent Interaction. Synthese 169 (2):219 - 221.
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9. Johan Van Benthem (2009). The Information in Intuitionistic Logic. Synthese 167 (2):251 - 270.
Issues about information spring up wherever one scratches the surface of logic. Here is a case that raises delicate issues of 'factual' versus 'procedural' information, or 'statics' versus 'dynamics'. What does intuitionistic logic, perhaps the earliest source of informational and procedural thinking in contemporary logic, really tell us about information? How does its view relate to its 'cousin' epistemic logic? We discuss connections between intuitionistic models and recent protocol models for dynamic-epistemic logic, as well as more general issues that emerge.
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10. Johan Van Benthem, Jelle Gerbrandy, Tomohiro Hoshi & Eric Pacuit (2009). Merging Frameworks for Interaction. Journal of Philosophical Logic 38 (5):491 - 526.
A variety of logical frameworks have been developed to study rational agents interacting over time. This paper takes a closer look at one particular interface, between two systems that both address the dynamics of knowledge and information flow. The first is Epistemic Temporal Logic (ETL) which uses linear or branching time models with added epistemic structure induced by agents' different capabilities for observing events. The second framework is Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) that describes interactive processes in terms of epistemic event (...)
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11. Johan van Benthem, Jelle Gerbrandy & Barteld Kooi (2009). Dynamic Update with Probabilities. Studia Logica 93 (1):67 - 96.
Current dynamic-epistemic logics model different types of information change in multi-agent scenarios. We generalize these logics to a probabilistic setting, obtaining a calculus for multi-agent update with three natural slots: prior probability on states, occurrence probabilities in the relevant process taking place, and observation probabilities of events. To match this update mechanism, we present a complete dynamic logic of information change with a probabilistic character. The completeness proof follows a compositional methodology that applies to a much larger class of dynamic-probabilistic (...)
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12. Johan Van Benthem, Patrick Girard & Olivier Roy (2009). Everything Else Being Equal: A Modal Logic for Ceteris Paribus Preferences. Journal of Philosophical Logic 38 (1):83 - 125.
This paper presents a new modal logic for ceteris paribus preferences understood in the sense of "all other things being equal". This reading goes back to the seminal work of Von Wright in the early 1960's and has returned in computer science in the 1990' s and in more abstract "dependency logics" today. We show how it differs from ceteris paribus as "all other things being normal", which is used in contexts with preference defeaters. We provide a semantic analysis and (...)
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13. Johan Van Benthem (2008). The Many Faces of Interpolation. Synthese 164 (3):451 - 460.
We present a number of, somewhat unusual, ways of describing what Craig's interpolation theorem achieves, and use them to identify some open problems and further directions.
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14. Johan Van Benthem, Sujata Ghosh & Fenrong Liu (2008). Modelling Simultaneous Games in Dynamic Logic. Synthese 165 (2):247 - 268.
We make a proposal for formalizing simultaneous games at the abstraction level of player's powers, combining ideas from dynamic logic of sequential games and concurrent dynamic logic. We prove completeness for a new system of 'concurrent game logic' CDGL with respect to finite non-determined games. We also show how this system raises new mathematical issues, and throws light on branching quantifiers and independence-friendly evaluation games for first-order logic.
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15. Johan Van Benthem (2006). Epistemic Logic and Epistemology: The State of Their Affairs. Philosophical Studies 128 (1):49 - 76.
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16. Johan Van Benthem (2006). Modal Frame Correspondences and Fixed-Points. Studia Logica 83 (1/3):133 - 155.
Taking Löb's Axiom in modal provability logic as a running thread, we discuss some general methods for extending modal frame correspondences, mainly by adding fixed-point operators to modal languages as well as their correspondence languages. Our suggestions are backed up by some new results -- while we also refer to relevant work by earlier authors. But our main aim is advertizing the perspectives, showing how modal languages with fixed-point operators are a natural medium to work with.
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17. Johan Van Benthem (2005). Minimal Predicates. Fixed-Points, and Definability. Journal of Symbolic Logic 70 (3):696 - 712.
Minimal predicates P satisfying a given first-order description ϕ(P) occur widely in mathematical logic and computer science. We give an explicit first-order syntax for special first-order 'PIA conditions' ϕ(P) which quarantees unique existence of such minimal predicates. Our main technical result is a preservation theorem showing PIA-conditions to be expressively complete for all those first-order formulas that are preserved under a natural model-theoretic operation of 'predicate intersection'. Next, we show how iterated predicate minimization on PIA-conditions yields a language MIN(FO) equal (...)
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18. Johan Van Benthem (2004). What One May Come to Know. Analysis 64 (2):95 - 105.
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19. Johan van Benthem & Fenrong Liu (2004). Diversity of Logical Agents in Games. Philosophia Scientiae 8:163-178.
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20. Johan Van Benthem (2003). Logic Games Are Complete for Game Logics. Studia Logica 75 (2):183 - 203.
Game logics describe general games through powers of players for forcing outcomes. In particular, they encode an algebra of sequential game operations such as choice, dual and composition. Logic games are special games for specific purposes such as proof or semantical evaluation for first-order or modal languages. We show that the general algebra of game operations coincides with that over just logical evaluation games, whence the latter are quite general after all. The main tool in proving this is a representation (...)
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21. Johan Van Benthem, Guram Bezhanishvili & Mai Gehrke (2003). Euclidean Hierarchy in Modal Logic. Studia Logica 75 (3):327 - 344.
For a Euclidean space ${\Bbb R}^{n}$ , let $L_{n}$ denote the modal logic of chequered subsets of ${\Bbb R}^{n}$ . For every n ≥ 1, we characterize $L_{n}$ using the more familiar Kripke semantics thus implying that each $L_{n}$ is a tabular logic over the well-known modal system Grz of Grzegorczyk. We show that the logics $L_{n}$ form a decreasing chain converging to the logic $L_{\infty}$ of chequered subsets of ${\Bbb R}^{\infty}$ . As a result, we obtain that $L_{\infty}$ is (...)
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22. Jon Barwise & Johan van Benthem (1999). Interpolation, Preservation, and Pebble Games. Journal of Symbolic Logic 64 (2):881 - 903.
Preservation and interpolation results are obtained for L ∞ω and sublogics $\mathscr{L} \subseteq L_{\infty\omega}$ such that equivalence in L can be characterized by suitable back-and-forth conditions on sets of partial isomorphisms.
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23. Johan van Benthem (1999). Resetting the Bounds of Logic. European Review of Philosophy 12 (4).
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24. Johan van Benthem (1999). The Range of Modal Logic. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 9 (2-3).
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25. Hajnal Andréka, István Németi & Johan van Benthem (1998). Modal Languages and Bounded Fragments of Predicate Logic. Journal of Philosophical Logic 27 (3):217 - 274.
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26. Johan Van Benthem (1998). Program Constructions That Are Safe for Bisimulation. Studia Logica 60 (2):311 - 330.
It has been known since the seventies that the formulas of modal logic are invariant for bisimulations between possible worlds models -- while conversely, all bisimulation-invariant first-order formulas are modally definable. In this paper, we extend this semantic style of analysis from modal formulas to dynamic program operations. We show that the usual regular operations are safe for bisimulation, in the sense that the transition relations of their values respect any given bisimulation for their arguments. Our main result is a (...)
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27. In this paper, we generalize the set-theoretic translation method for polymodal logic introduced in [11] to extended modal logics. Instead of devising an ad-hoc translation for each logic, we develop a general framework within which a number of extended modal logics can be dealt with. We first extend the basic set-theoretic translation method to weak monadic second-order logic through a suitable change in the underlying set theory that connects up in interesting ways with constructibility; then, we show how to tailor (...)
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28. Johan Benthem & Jan Bergstra (1994). Logic of Transition Systems. Journal of Logic, Language and Information 3 (4):247-283.
Labeled transition systems are key structures for modeling computation. In this paper, we show how they lend themselves to ordinary logical analysis (without any special new formalisms), by introducing their standard first-order theory. This perspective enables us to raise several basic model-theoretic questions of definability, axiomatization and preservation for various notions of process equivalence found in the computational literature, and answer them using well-known logical techniques (including the Compactness theorem, Saturation and Ehrenfeucht games). Moreover, we consider what happens to this (...)
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29. Johan Van Benthem (1993). Modelling the Kinematics of Meaning. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 93:105 - 122.
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30. Johan Benthem (1991). Language in Action. Journal of Philosophical Logic 20 (3):225 - 263.
A number of general points behind the story of this paper may be worth setting out separately, now that we have come to the end.There is perhaps one obvious omission to be addressed right away. Although the word “information” has occurred throughout this paper, it must have struck the reader that we have had nothing to say on what information is. In this respect, our theories may be like those in physics: which do not explain what “energy” is (a notion (...)
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31. Johan Benthem (1990). Categorial Grammar and Type Theory. Journal of Philosophical Logic 19 (2):115 - 168.
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32. Johan Benthem (1989). Polyadic Quantifiers. Linguistics and Philosophy 12 (4):437 - 464.
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33. Johan Benthem (1987). Meaning: Interpretation and Inference. Synthese 73 (3):451 - 470.
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34. Johan Van Benthem (1986). Review: G. E. Hughes, M. J. Cresswell, A Companion to Modal Logic. [REVIEW] Journal of Symbolic Logic 51 (3):824-826.
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35. Johan Benthem (1985). Situations and Inference. Linguistics and Philosophy 8 (1):3 - 8.
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36. Johan Benthem (1985). The Variety of Consequence, According to Bolzano. Studia Logica 44 (4):389 - 403.
Contemporary historians of logic tend to credit Bernard Bolzano with the invention of the semantic notion, of consequence, a full century before Tarski. Nevertheless, Bolzano's work played no significant rôle in the genesis of modern logical semantics. The purpose of this paper is to point out three highly original, and still quite relevant themes in Bolzano's work, being a systematic study of possible types of inference, of consistency, as well as their meta-theory. There are certain analogies with Tarski's concerns here, (...)
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37. Johan Benthem (1984). Foundations of Conditional Logic. Journal of Philosophical Logic 13 (3):303 - 349.
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38. Johan Benthem (1984). Possible Worlds Semantics: A Research Program That Cannot Fail? Studia Logica 43 (4):379 - 393.
Providing a possible worlds semantics for a logic involves choosing a class of possible worlds models, and setting up a truth definition connecting formulas of the logic with statements about these models. This scheme is so flexible that a danger arises: perhaps, any (reasonable) logic whatsoever can be modelled in this way. Thus, the enterprise would lose its essential tension. Fortunately, it may be shown that the so-called incompleteness-examples from modal logic resist possible worlds modelling, even in the above wider (...)
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39. Johan Van Benthem (1984). Analytic/Synthetic: Sharpening a Philosophical Tool. Theoria 50 (2-3):106-137.
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40. Johan Van Benthem (1984). Questions About Quantifiers. Journal of Symbolic Logic 49 (2):443 - 466.
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41. Johan Van Benthem & David Pearce (1984). A Mathematical Characterization of Interpretation Between Theories. Studia Logica 43 (3):295 - 303.
Of the various notions of reduction in the logical literature, relative interpretability in the sense of Tarski et al. [6] appears to be the central one. In the present note, this syntactic notion is characterized semantically, through the existence of a suitable reduction functor on models. The latter mathematical condition itself suggests a natural generalization, whose syntactic equivalent turns out to be a notion of interpretability quite close to that of Ershov [1], Szczerba [5] and Gaifman [2].
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42. Johan Van Benthem (1983). Logical Semantics as an Empirical Science. Studia Logica 42 (2/3):299 - 313.
Exact philosophy consists of various disciplines scattered and separated. Formal semantics and philosophy of science are good examples of two such disciplines. The aim of this paper is to show that there is possible to find some integrating bridge topics between the two fields, and to show how insights from the one are illuminating and suggestive in the other.
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43. Johan van Benthem (1983). The Logic of Natural Language. Philosophical Books 24 (2):99-102.
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https://math.eretrandre.org/tetrationforum/archive/index.php?thread-1033.html
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# Tetration Forum
Full Version: Superroots and a generalization for the Lambert-W
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Pages: 1 2 3
I experienced a bit with the problem of finding x in equations like $y = \;^2 x$ and $y = \;^3 x$ and $y = \;^n x$ where y is given.
This was mainly motivated by frequent questions in MSE and/or MO for solutions where $y=- 1$ or $y= i$
What I mainly found was the requirement for a generalization of the Lambert-W (but a nicely straightforward one!) and some insight into the occuring power series.
Although having now an accessible entry-point into the general problem, I did not yet find explicite, simple closed form expressions for the occuring coefficients except when $n=2$ (but those are already well known...), so it's an open field for pattern-detection and research on radii of convergence.
It is too much to write it here in this limited box, so I made a pdf-file. I upload it as attachment but put it also on my webspace, see http://go.helms-net.de/math/tetdocs/Wexz...erroot.pdf
Collaboration is appreciated...
Gottfried
I'm interested.
Can you solve x^^(1/2) = 3? but... using "new" formula
Conjecture 3.1 fails because the left hand side has radius going to 0.
There are 2 ways to show that.
On the other hand conjecture 3.1 does have meaning considering the first n derivatives of the LHS = RHS.
It is a mystery how you intend to solve the cases x^^(3/2) = v though.
Regards
Tommy1729
(11/10/2015, 09:38 AM)tommy1729 Wrote: [ -> ]Conjecture 3.1 fails because the left hand side has radius going to 0.
Hmm, I've not yet settled everything about this in my mind. I've of course seen, that with increasing n the convergence-radius of the function $\;^n W$ decreases. However, as usually, if a function can be analytically continued (beyond its radius of convergence) for instance by Euler-summation, I assume, that the result is still meaningful. And we have here the possibility for Euler-summation, so I think there is a true analytic continuation. However, I don't know yet whether this can be correctly inserted in my conjecture-formula for the limit-case.
Quote:It is a mystery how you intend to solve the cases x^^(3/2) = v though.
As I understand this, this is using fractional iteration heights. As I described my exercises, I'm concerned with the unknown bases, and am using integer heights so far, not fractional heights ( superroot, not superlog)
Gottfried
(11/09/2015, 11:27 PM)nuninho1980 Wrote: [ -> ]I'm interested.
Can you solve x^^(1/2) = 3? but... using "new" formula
Not with this elaboration. I'm on superroots of powertowers of integer heights so far. I've given no thought so far for analysis with fractional heights, except for some lazy tries to find an interpolation-formula for the rows in table 3.1 , but without easy success ....
Mind you to step in for this?
Gottfried
[update] perhaps this is of interest: see MSE http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/...550#133550
Alot has already been said about the superroots.
We know that lim n-> oo for x_n^^n = y for y > exp(1/e) [eta] gives x_n = eta.
Also all results about slog and sexp relate.
PROOF SKETCHES
---
First i point out that when you have a nonzero radius ,
the eulersum = analytic continuation whenever and wherever both converge.
BUT analytic continuation is USUALLY NOT the correct solution.
For instance
x^x^x^... = x^[oo] = y
Has solution x = y^(1/y)
IFF
Dom y , range x are in the sheltron region.
Clearly x=y^(1/y) is the analytic continuation , but thus false.
Tommy's lemma : for all n -> W•n(0) = 0.
Conjecture 3.1.
Conjecture 3.1 conjectures lim n -> oo
W•n (v) = -v exp(-v).
Clearly the RHS has radius oo.
But the algebra dictates that the radius can be at most :
X^(1/x) = exp(ln(x) / x).
Now v = ln(x) so x = exp(v).
Therefore exp( ln(x) / x) = exp ( v exp(-v) ).
Hence v exp(-v) = W•n(v) = - v exp(-v)
=> contradiction .. Unless for v satisfying
V exp(-v) = v exp(-v)
The solution set is v ={0,oo}.
So the radius of lim W•n = 0.
V= 0 implies x = 1.
X = 1 is within the sheltron region so v = 0 is valid.
Qed
A second proof
Let n = oo
The fractal argument :
W•n(v) = a
<=> v = (b exp ( b exp ( ...(*)) =
(b exp( b exp ( ... (a)).
So v = ( b exp(*))^oo.
A fractal within the sheltron.
V = fixpoint [b exp(*)]
==> solve b exp(A) = A.
==> A = - W(-b).
=> - W(-b) = v. --> b = v exp(-v) = W•n(v).
Similar too previous proof ; v must be 0 ==> radius = 0.
Qed.
Too explain the fractal argument
Notice (b exp(a))^[2] for fixed b and variabele a is NOT equal too
(a exp(a))^[2] .. Even if we set a = b !
For a = b , The difference is in the second case
a exp(a) exp( a exp(a) )
Whereas in the first case
a exp(a exp(a) ).
That is why I use a and b and then set them equal.
That looks confusing but is correct.
---
So we get 2 proofs with W•n(v) = v exp(-v).
However that is only valid within the sheltron.
V = ln(x) -> 0 = ln(1).
Min( | ln(1) - ln(e^(-1/e)) | , | ln(1) - ln(e^(1/e)) | ) = 1/e.
So W•n(v) = v exp(-v) is valid within " radius " 1/e.
And analytic continuation does not help.
Hope that helps.
Regards
Tommy1729
I'm not sure if this should be in a different thread, but I just found a website with programming puzzles, and one of the puzzles is super-roots:
http://www.checkio.org/mission/super-root/
this "mission" (programming puzzle) has a very large number of "solutions" (Python implementations) of super-roots. After you login and solve the mission, it will show you other people's solutions along with your own. I solved it using the infinite tetrate (x^x^x^...) which is probably not the fastest method, but I think it's more beautiful than using Newton's method with an unknown number of iterations until you find the right number.
Most of the solutions are based on Newton's method or a similar bisection method, but I was considering going thru them to see if there's any new methods we didn't know about...
(11/13/2015, 05:58 PM)andydude Wrote: [ -> ]I'm not sure if this should be in a different thread, but I just found a website with programming puzzles, and one of the puzzles is super-roots:
Hi Andy, nice to read from you... Yes the page looks interesting, I'll try to get logged in another day (I'm in bed because of some bacteria or whatever and am just lurking around here a bit).
I had already other posts with superroots, for instance that one about the power series of (1+x)^(1+x)^...^(1+x). At the moment I was involved in that question of the supperroots -1 = x^x^x and had much fun already (see http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/...38#1415538 ) but again - cannot yet complete the discussion.
Cordially -
Gottfried
An actual discussion/application is on MSE, see the question of
Vladimir Reshetnikov where I tried to find an explanation /ansatz for a proof in my answer http://math.stackexchange.com/a/1530136/1714
Perhaps someone can help to make more progress...
Gottfried
I agree that it is a long-researched problem; trying to find a closed form for super-roots, or anything for that matter.
Using a combination of known facts from the Tetration Ref I collected, I was able to find a simpler expression for the logarithmic power series expansion of $y = x^{x^x}$ than I remember from before. I think the ideal solution would be to find a recurrence equation similar to the one we know for n-th tetrates. I've attached a short discussion of the things we know that might help in finding a closed form.
Pages: 1 2 3
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https://socratic.org/questions/1-imagine-that-you-are-studying-two-parents-who-are-considering-having-children--1
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Biology
Topics
# 1. Imagine that you are studying two parents who are considering having children. One parent is has the genotype IAi and the other has the genotype IBi. Create a Punnett square to calculate the possible genotypes of their children. Answer? Part 3 Punnett?
## Part 3: Multiple Alleles—Predicting Blood Types of Offspring As you read in the online lab, human blood type is determined by multiple alleles that show a type of inheritance called codominance. Recall that the alleles that determine blood type are IA, IB, and i. IA and IB are both dominant over i, while neither IA nor IB is dominant when they combine. Use this table to help you determine the genotypes associated with each blood type. Blood Type Allele Possible Genotype(s) Possible Allele(s) A IA AA or AO IAIA or IAi B IB BB or BO IBIB or IBi AB IAIB AB IAIB O i OO ii PLEASE HELP ANSWER
The progeny are one ${I}^{A} {I}^{B}$ (AB), one ${I}^{A} i$ and ${I}^{B} i$ (A and B), and one $i i$ (O).
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http://repository.unm.edu/handle/1928/2736/browse?rpp=20&order=ASC&sort_by=1&etal=-1&type=title&starts_with=W
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Now showing items 2055-2074 of 2100
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https://www.instasolv.com/question/4-by-decreasing-15-of-each-an-gle-of-a-triangle-the-ratios-of-their-angle-0hzy5r
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4. By decreasing 15° of each an- gl...
Question
# 4. By decreasing 15° of each an- gle of a triangle, the ratios of their angles are 2:3 : 5, The radian measure of greatest angle is : N
11th - 12th Class
Maths
Solution
160
4.0 (1 ratings)
4. (I) ( 2 x+3 x+5 x=180^{circ}-45^{circ} ) ( =135^{circ} ) ( Rightarrow 10 x=135^{circ} ) ( Rightarrow x=frac{135}{10}=frac{27}{2} ) ( therefore ) Largest angle ( =5 x+15^{circ}=left(5 times frac{27}{2}right)^{circ}+15^{circ} ) ( =frac{135+30}{2}=frac{165^{circ}}{2} ) ( because 180^{circ}=pi mathrm{radian} ) ( therefore frac{165^{circ}}{2}=frac{pi}{180} times frac{165}{2}=frac{11 pi}{24} ) radian
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https://dcc-backup.ligo.org/LIGO-P2000021/public
|
# Properties and astrophysical implications of the 150 Msun binary black hole merger GW190521
Document #:
LIGO-P2000021-v12
Document type:
P - Publications
Other Versions:
Abstract:
The gravitational-wave signal GW190521 is consistent with a binary black hole merger source at redshift 0.8 with unusually high component masses, $$85^{+21}_{-14}\,M_{\odot}$$ and $$66^{+17}_{-18}\,M_{\odot}$$, compared to previously reported events, and shows mild evidence for spin-induced orbital precession. The primary falls in the mass gap predicted by (pulsational) pair-instability supernova theory, in the approximate range $$65 - 120\,M_{\odot}$$. The probability that at least one of the black holes in GW190521 is in that range is 99.0%. The final mass of the merger ($$142^{+28}_{-16}\,M_{\odot}$$) classifies it as an intermediate-mass black hole. Under the assumption of a quasi-circular binary black hole coalescence, we detail the physical properties of GW190521's source binary and its post-merger remnant, including component masses and spin vectors. Three different waveform models, as well as direct comparison to numerical solutions of general relativity, yield consistent estimates of these properties. Tests of strong-field general relativity targeting the merger-ringdown stages of coalescence indicate consistency of the observed signal with theoretical predictions. We estimate the merger rate of similar systems to be $$0.13^{+0.30}_{-0.11}\,{\rm Gpc}^{-3}\,\rm{yr}^{-1}$$. We discuss the astrophysical implications of GW190521 for stellar collapse, and for the possible formation of black holes in the pair-instability mass gap through various channels: via (multiple) stellar coalescence, or via hierarchical merger of lower-mass black holes in star clusters or in active galactic nuclei. We find it to be unlikely that GW190521 is a strongly lensed signal of a lower-mass black hole binary merger. We also discuss more exotic possible sources for GW190521, including a highly eccentric black hole binary, or a primordial black hole binary.
Files in Document:
Authors:
Author Groups:
Notes and Changes:
Fix typo. Add author. Changes made to ApJL as well.
DCC Version 3.3.0, contact Document Database Administrators
|
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|
http://sandbaronfalseriver.com/epub/an-introduction-to-metric-spaces-and-fixed-point-theory
|
# An Introduction to Metric Spaces and Fixed Point Theory by Mohamed A. Khamsi
By Mohamed A. Khamsi
Content material:
Chapter 1 creation (pages 1–11):
Chapter 2 Metric areas (pages 13–40):
Chapter three Metric Contraction rules (pages 41–69):
Chapter four Hyperconvex areas (pages 71–99):
Chapter five “Normal” constructions in Metric areas (pages 101–124):
Chapter 6 Banach areas: advent (pages 125–170):
Chapter 7 non-stop Mappings in Banach areas (pages 171–196):
Chapter eight Metric mounted aspect thought (pages 197–241):
Chapter nine Banach house Ultrapowers (pages 243–271):
Similar linear books
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Additional info for An Introduction to Metric Spaces and Fixed Point Theory
Example text
14 (The metric transform φ) Let (M,d) be a metric space, and define the metric space (M, άφ) by taking for x,y € M άφ(χ,ν) = Φ(ά(χ,ν)), where φ : [0, oo) —» [0, oo) is increasing, concave downward, and satisfies φ(0) — 0. 15 (The Hausdorff metric) Let (M,d) be a metric space and let ΛΊ denote the family of all nonempty bounded closed subsets of M. For A € M. and ε > 0 define the ε-neighborhood of A to be the set Νε(Α) = {x € M : dist(x, A) < ε}. where dist(x, A) = inf d(x,y). A Now for Α,ΒΕΜ H(A, B) = inf{e > 0 : A C Ne(B) Then (M,H) set and B Ç Ne(A)}.
Hence if |i — to\ < δ, 1/(0 - /(*o)l < 1/(0 - fN(t)\ + \fN(t) - fN(to)\ + |/jv(io) - f(to)\ < e. This proves continuity of / . To see that lim d(fn,f) = 0, let ε > 0 and n—*oo observe that since {/„} is a Cauchy sequence there is an integer TV such that if m,n> N then sup | / „ ( 0 - / m ( 0 l < e . «€[0,1] that is, / n ( 0 - e < / m ( 0 < / n ( 0 + e · Letting m —» oo we see that for any t € [0,1] and n > N, / n ( 0 ~e< / ( 0 < / n ( 0 + e; hence 1/(0 - /n(0l < ε. from which d(/„, / ) < ε. Since ε > 0 is arbitrary we conclude lim d(fn, f) = 0.
Let {xa}ael D e a n y chain in (M, >), and for α,β € / set β > a <=> Χβ > xa. ι is a nonincreasing net in R + so there exists r > 0 such that = r. \imip(f(xa)) a Let ε > 0. Then there exists ao 6 / such that a > ao implies r < tp(f(xa)) a > ao, m a x i d ^ ^ ^ ) ^ ^ / ^ ) , / ^ ) ) } <
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https://www.gen.dev/dev/ref/mcmc/
|
Markov chain Monte Carlo
# Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is an approach to inference which involves initializing a hypothesis and then repeatedly sampling a new hypotheses given the previous hypothesis by making a change to the previous hypothesis. The function that samples the new hypothesis given the previous hypothesis is called the MCMC kernel (or kernel' for short). If we design the kernel appropriately, then the distribution of the hypotheses will converge to the conditional (i.e. posterior) distribution as we increase the number of times we apply the kernel.
Gen includes primitives for constructing MCMC kernels and composing them into MCMC algorithms. Although Gen encourages you to write MCMC algorithms that converge to the conditional distribution, Gen does not enforce this requirement. You may use Gen's MCMC primitives in other ways, including for stochastic optimization.
For background on MCMC see [1].
[1] Andrieu, Christophe, et al. "An introduction to MCMC for machine learning." Machine learning 50.1-2 (2003): 5-43. Link.
## MCMC in Gen
Suppose we are doing inference in the following toy model:
@gen function model()
x = @trace(bernoulli(0.5), :x) # a latent variable
@trace(normal(x ? -1. : 1., 1.), :y) # the variable that will be observed
end
To do MCMC, we first need to obtain an initial trace of the model. Recall that a trace encodes both the observed data and hypothesized values of latent variables. We can obtain an initial trace that encodes the observed data, and contains a randomly initialized hypothesis, using generate, e.g.:
observations = choicemap((:y, 1.23))
trace, = generate(model, (), observations)
Then, an MCMC algorithm is Gen is implemented simply by writing Julia for loop, which repeatedly applies a kernel, which is a regular Julia function:
for i=1:100
trace = kernel(trace)
end
## Built-in Stationary Kernels
However, we don't expect to be able to use any function for kernel and expect to converge to the conditional distribution. To converge to the conditional distribution, the kernels must satisfy some properties. One of these properties is that the kernel is stationary with respect to the conditional distribution. Gen's inference library contains a number of functions for constructing stationary kernels:
• metropolis_hastings with alias mh, which has three variants with differing tradeoffs between ease-of-use and efficiency. The simplest variant simply requires you to select the set of random choices to be updated, without specifying how. The middle variant allows you to use custom proposals that encode problem-specific heuristics, or custom proposals based on neural networks that are trained via amortized inference. The most sophisticated variant allows you to specify any kernel in the reversible jump MCMC framework.
• mala, which performs a Metropolis Adjusted Langevin algorithm update on a set of selected random choices.
• hmc, which performs a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo update on a set of selected random choices.
• elliptical_slice, which performs an elliptical slice sampling update on a selected multivariate normal random choice.
For example, here is an MCMC inference algorithm that uses mh:
function do_inference(y, num_iters)
trace, = generate(model, (), choicemap((:y, y)))
xs = Float64[]
for i=1:num_iters
trace, = mh(trace, select(:x))
push!(xs, trace[:x])
end
xs
end
Note that each of the kernel functions listed above stationary with respect to the joint distribution on traces of the model, but may not be stationary with respect to the intended conditional distribution, which is determined by the set of addresses that consititute the observed data. If a kernel modifies the values of any of the observed data, then the kernel is not stationary with respect to the conditional distribution. Therefore, you should ensure that your MCMC kernels never propose to the addresses of the observations.
Note that stationarity with respect to the conditional distribution alone is not sufficient for a kernel to converge to the posterior with infinite iterations. Other requirements include that the chain is irreducible (it is possible to get from any state to any other state in a finite number of steps), and aperiodicity, which is a more complex requirement that is satisfied when kernels have some probability of staying in the same state, which most of the primitive kernels above satisfy. We refer interested readers to [1] for additional details on MCMC convergence.
## Enabling Dynamic Checks
Gen does not statically guarantee that kernels (either ones built-in or composed with the Composite Kernel DSL) are stationary. However, you can enable dynamic checks that will detect common bugs that break stationarity. To enable the dynamic checks we pass a keyword argument beyond those of the kernel itself:
new_trace = k(trace, 2, check=true)
Note that these checks aim to detect when a kernel is not stationary with respect to the model's joint distribution. To add an additional dynamic check for violation of stationarity with respect to the conditional distribution (conditioned on observations), we pass in an additional keyword argument containing a choice map with the observations:
new_trace = k(traced, 2, check=true, observations=choicemap((:y, 1.2)))
If check is set to false, then the observation check is not performed.
## Composite Kernel DSL
You can freely compose the primitive kernels listed above into more complex kernels. Common types of composition including e.g. cycling through multiple kernels, randomly choosing a kernel to apply, and choosing which kernel to apply based on the current state. However, not all such compositions of stationary kernels will result in kernels that are themselves stationary.
Gen's Composite Kernel DSL is an embedded inference DSL that allows for more safe composition of MCMC kernels, by formalizing properties of the compositions that are sufficient for stationarity, encouraging compositions with these properties, and dynamically checking for violation of these properties. Although the DSL does not guarantee stationarity of the composite kernels, its dynamic checks do catch common cases of non-stationary kernels. The dynamic checks can be enabled and disabled as needed (e.g. enabled during testing and prototyping and disabled during deployment for higher performance).
The DSL consists of a macro – @kern for composing stationary kernels from primitive stationary kernels and composite stationary kernels, and two additional macros: –- @pkern for declaring Julia functions to be custom primitive stationary kernels, and @rkern for declaring the reversal of a custom primitive kernel (these two macros are advanced features not necessary for standard MCMC algorithms).
### Composing Stationary Kernels
The @kern macro defines a composite MCMC kernel in a restricted DSL that is based on Julia's own function definition syntax.
Suppose we are doing inference in the following model:
@gen function model()
n = @trace(geometric(0.5), :n)
total = 0.
for i=1:n
total += @trace(normal(0, 1), (:x, i))
end
@trace(normal(total, 1.), :y)
total
end
Here is an example composite kernel for MCMC in this model:
@kern function my_kernel(trace)
# cycle through the x's and do a random walk update on each one
for i in 1:trace[:n]
trace ~ mh(trace, random_walk_proposal, (i,))
end
# repeatedly pick a random x and do a random walk update on it
if trace[:n] > 0
for rep in 1:10
let i ~ uniform_discrete(1, trace[:n])
trace ~ mh(trace, random_walk_proposal, (i,))
end
end
end
# remove the last x, or add a new one, a random number of times
end
end
end
In the DSL, the first arugment (trace in this case) represents the trace on which the kernel is acting. the kernel may have additional arguments. The code inside the body can read from the trace (e.g. trace[:n] reads the value of the random choice :n). Finally, the return value of the composite kernel is automatically set to the trace. NOTE: It is not permitted to assign to the trace variable, except with ~ expressions. Also note that stationary kernels, when treated as Julia functions, return a tuple, where the first element is the trace and the remaining arguments are metadata. When applying these kernels with ~ syntax within the DSL, it is not necessary to unpack the tuple (the metadata is ignored automatically).
The language constructs supported by this DSL are:
Applying a stationary kernel. To apply a kernel, the syntax trace ~ k(trace, args..) is used. Note that the check and observations keyword arguments (see Enabling Dynamic Checks) should not be used here; they will be added automatically.
For loops. The range of the for loop may be a deterministic function of the trace (as in trace[:n] above). The range must be invariant under all possible executions of the body of the for loop. For example, the random walk based kernel embedded in the for loop in our example above cannot modify the value of the random choice :n in the trace.
If-end expressions The predicate condition may be a deterministic function of the trace, but it also must be invariant (i.e. remain true) under all possible executions of the body.
Deterministic let expressions. We can use let x = value .. end to bind values to a variable, but the expression on the right-hand-side must be deterministic function of its free variables, its value must be invariant under all possible executions of the body.
Stochastic let expressions. We can use let x ~ dist(args...) .. end to sample a stochastic value and bind to a variable, but the expression on the right-hand-side must be the application of a Gen Distribution to arguments, and the distribution and its arguments must be invariant under all possible executions of the body.
### Declaring primitive kernels for use in composite kernels
Note that all calls to built-in kernels like mh should be stationary, but that users are also free to declare their own arbitrary code as stationary. The @pkern macro declares a Julia function as a stationary MCMC kernel, for use with the MCMC Kernel DSL. The following custom primitive kernel permutes the random variables using random permutation generated from outside of Gen:
@pkern function permute_move(trace; check=false, observations=EmptyChoiceMap())
perm = Random.randperm(trace[:n])
constraints = choicemap()
for (i, j) in enumerate(perm)
constraints[(:x, i)] = trace[(:x, j)]
constraints[(:x, j)] = trace[(:x, i)]
end
trace, = update(trace, (), (), constraints)
end
The first argument to the function should be the trace, and the function must have keyword arguments check and observations (see Enabling Dynamic Checks). The return value should be a tuple where the first element is the new trace (and any remaining elements are optional metadata).
Primitive kernels are Julia functions. Note that although we will be invoking these kernels within @kern functions, these kernels can still be called like a regular Julia function.
new_trace = permute_move(trace, 2)
Indeed, they are just regular Julia functions, but with some extra information attached so that the composite kernel DSL knows they have been declared as stationary kernels.
## Involutive MCMC
Gen's most flexible variant of metropolis_hastings, called Involutive MCMC, allows users to specify any MCMC kernel in the reversible jump MCMC (RJMCMC) framework [2]. Involution MCMC allows you to express a broad class of custom MCMC kernels that are not expressible using the other, simpler variants of Metropolis-Hastings supported by Gen. These kernels are particularly useful for inferring the structure (e.g. control flow) of a model.
[2] Green, Peter J. "Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo computation and Bayesian model determination." Biometrika 82.4 (1995): 711-732. Link
An involutive MCMC kernel in Gen takes as input a previous trace of the model (whose choice map we will denote by $t$), and performs three phases to obtain a new trace of the model:
• First, it traces the execution of a proposal, which is an auxiliary generative function that takes the previous trace of the model as its first argument. Mathematically, we will denote the choice map associated with the trace of the proposal by $u$. The proposal can of course be defined using the Built-In Modeling Languages, just like the model itself. However, unlike many other uses of proposals in Gen, these proposals can make random choices at addresses that the model does not.
• Next, it takes the tuple $(t, u)$ and passes it into an involution (denoted mathematically by $h$), which is a function that returns a new tuple $(t', u')$, where $t'$ is the choice map for a new proposed trace of the model, and $u'$ are random choices for a new trace of the proposal. The defining property of the involution is that it is invertible, and it is its own inverse; i.e. $(t, u) = h(h(t, u))$. Intuitively, $u'$ is a description of a way that the proposal could be reversed, taking $t'$ to $t$.
• Finally, it computes an acceptance probability, which involves computing certain derivatives associated with the involution, and stochastically accepts or rejects the proposed model trace according to this probability. The involution is typically defined using the Trace Transform DSL, in which case the acceptance probability calculation is fully automated.
### Example
Consider the following generative model of two pieces of observed data, at addresses :y1 and :y2.
@gen function model()
if ({:z} ~ bernoulli(0.5))
m1 = ({:m1} ~ gamma(1, 1))
m2 = ({:m2} ~ gamma(1, 1))
else
m = ({:m} ~ gamma(1, 1))
(m1, m2) = (m, m)
end
{:y1} ~ normal(m1, 0.1)
{:y2} ~ normal(m2, 0.1)
end
Because this model has stochastic control flow, it represents two distinct structural hypotheses about how the observed data could have been generated: If :z is true then we enter the first branch, and we hypothesize that the two data points were generated from separate means, sampled at addresses :m1 and :m2. If :z is false then we enter the second branch, and we hypohesize that there is a single mean that explains both data points, sampled at address :m.
We want to construct an MCMC kernel that is able to transition between these two distinct structural hypotheses. We could construct such a kernel with the simpler 'selection' variant of Metropolis-Hastings, by selecting the address :z, e.g.:
select_mh_structure_kernel(trace) = mh(trace, select(:z))[1]
Sometimes, this kernel would propose to change the value of :z. We could interleave this kernel with another kernel that does inference over the mean random choices, without changing the structure, e.g.:
@gen function fixed_structure_proposal(trace)
if trace[:z]
{:m1} ~ normal(trace[:m1], 0.1)
{:m2} ~ normal(trace[:m2], 0.1)
else
{:m} ~ normal(trace[:m], 0.1)
end
end
fixed_structure_kernel(trace) = mh(trace, fixed_structure_proposal, ())[1]
Combining these together, and applying to particular data and with a specific initial hypotheses:
(y1, y2) = (1.0, 1.3)
trace, = generate(model, (), choicemap((:y1, y1), (:y2, y2), (:z, false), (:m, 1.2)))
for iter=1:100
trace = select_mh_structure_kernel(trace)
trace = fixed_structure_kernel(trace)
end
However, this algorithm will not be very efficient, because the internal proposal used by the selection variant of MH is not specialized to the model. In particular, when switching from the model with a single mean to the model with two means, the values of the new addresses :m1 and :m2 will be proposed from the prior distribution. This is wasteful, since if we have inferred an accurate value for :m, we expect the values for :m1 and :m2 to be near this value. The same is true when proposing a structure change in the opposite direction. That means it will take many more steps to get an accurate estimate of the posterior probability distribution on the two structures.
We would like to use inferred values for :m1 and :m2 to inform our proposal for the value of :m. For example, we could take the geometric mean:
m = sqrt(m1 * m2)
However, there are many combinations of m1 and m2 that have the same geometric mean. In other words, the geometric mean is not invertible. However, if we return the additional degree of freedom alongside the geometric mean (dof), then we do have an invertible function:
function merge_means(m1, m2)
m = sqrt(m1 * m2)
dof = m1 / (m1 + m2)
(m, dof)
end
The inverse function is:
function split_mean(m, dof)
m1 = m * sqrt((dof / (1 - dof)))
m2 = m * sqrt(((1 - dof) / dof))
(m1, m2)
end
We use these two functions to construct an involution, and we use this involution with metropolis_hastings to construct an MCMC kernel that we call a 'split/merge' kernel, because it either splits a parameter value, or merges two parameter values. The proposal is responsible for generating the extra degree of freedom when splitting:
@gen function split_merge_proposal(trace)
if trace[:z]
# currently two segments, switch to one
else
# currently one segment, switch to two
{:dof} ~ uniform_continuous(0, 1)
end
end
Finally, we write the involution itself, using the Trace Transform DSL:
@transform split_merge_involution (model_in, aux_in) to (model_out, aux_out) begin
# currently two means, switch to one
@write(model_out[:z], false, :discrete)
(m, u) = merge_mean(m1, m2)
@write(model_out[:m], m, :continuous)
@write(aux_out[:u], u, :continuous)
else
# currently one mean, switch to two
@write(model_out[:z], true, :discrete)
(m1, m2) = split_mean(m, u)
@write(model_out[:m1], m1, :continuous)
@write(model_out[:m2], m2, :continuous)
end
end
The body of this function reads values from $(t, u)$ at specific addresses and writes values to $(t', u')$ at specific addresses, where $t$ and $t'$ are called 'model' choice maps, and $u$ and $u'$ are called 'proposal' choice maps. Note that the inputs and outputs of this function are not represented in the same way as arguments or return values of regular Julia functions –- they are implicit and can only be read from and written to, respectively, using a set of special macros (listed below). You should convince yourself that this function is invertible and its own inverse.
Finally, we compose a structure-changing MCMC kernel using this involution:
split_merge_kernel(trace) = mh(trace, split_merge_proposal, (), split_merge_involution)
We then compose this move with the fixed structure move, and run it on the observed data:
(y1, y2) = (1.0, 1.3)
trace, = generate(model, (), choicemap((:y1, y1), (:y2, y2), (:z, false), (:m, 1.)))
for iter=1:100
trace = split_merge_kernel(trace)
trace = fixed_structure_kernel(trace)
end
We can then compare the results to the results from the Markov chain that used the selection-based structure-changing kernel:
We see that if we initialize the Markov chains from the same state with a single mean (:z is false) then the selection-based kernel fails to accept any moves to the two-mean structure within 100 iterations, whereas the split-merge kernel transitions back and forth many times, If we repeated the selection-based kernel for enough iterations, it would eventually transition back and forth at the same rate as the split-merge. The split-merge kernel gives a much more efficient inference algorithm for estimating the posterior probability on the two structures.
## Reverse Kernels
The reversal of a stationary MCMC kernel with distribution $k_1(t'; t)$, for model with distribution $p(t; x)$, is another MCMC kernel with distribution:
$k_2(t; t') := \frac{p(t; x)}{p(t'; x)} k_1(t'; t)$
For custom primitive kernels declared with @pkern, users can declare the reversal kernel with the @rkern macro:
@rkern k1 : k2
This also assigns k1 as the reversal of k2. The composite kernel DSL automatically generates the reversal kernel for composite kernels, and built-in stationary kernels like mh. The reversal of a kernel (primitive or composite) can be obtained with reversal.
## API
(new_trace, accepted) = metropolis_hastings(
trace, selection::Selection;
check=false, observations=EmptyChoiceMap())
Perform a Metropolis-Hastings update that proposes new values for the selected addresses from the internal proposal (often using ancestral sampling), returning the new trace (which is equal to the previous trace if the move was not accepted) and a Bool indicating whether the move was accepted or not.
source
(new_trace, accepted) = metropolis_hastings(
trace, proposal::GenerativeFunction, proposal_args::Tuple;
check=false, observations=EmptyChoiceMap())
Perform a Metropolis-Hastings update that proposes new values for some subset of random choices in the given trace using the given proposal generative function, returning the new trace (which is equal to the previous trace if the move was not accepted) and a Bool indicating whether the move was accepted or not.
The proposal generative function should take as its first argument the current trace of the model, and remaining arguments proposal_args. If the proposal modifies addresses that determine the control flow in the model, values must be provided by the proposal for any addresses that are newly sampled by the model.
source
(new_trace, accepted) = metropolis_hastings(
trace, proposal::GenerativeFunction, proposal_args::Tuple,
involution::Union{TraceTransformDSLProgram,Function};
check=false, observations=EmptyChoiceMap())
Perform a generalized (reversible jump) Metropolis-Hastings update based on an involution (bijection that is its own inverse) on a space of choice maps, returning the new trace (which is equal to the previous trace if the move was not accepted) and a Bool indicating whether the move was accepted or not.
Most users will want to construct involution using the Trace Transform DSL with the @transform macro, but for more user control it is also possible to provide a Julia function for involution, that has the following signature:
(new_trace, bwd_choices::ChoiceMap, weight) = involution(trace::Trace, fwd_choices::ChoiceMap, fwd_retval, fwd_args::Tuple)
The generative function proposal is executed on arguments (trace, proposal_args...), producing a choice map fwd_choices and return value fwd_ret. For each value of model arguments (contained in trace) and proposal_args, the involution function applies an involution that maps the tuple (get_choices(trace), fwd_choices) to the tuple (get_choices(new_trace), bwd_choices). Note that fwd_ret is a deterministic function of fwd_choices and proposal_args. When only discrete random choices are used, the weight must be equal to get_score(new_trace) - get_score(trace).
When continuous random choices are used, the weight returned by the involution must include an additive correction term that is the determinant of the the Jacobian of the bijection on the continuous random choices that is obtained by currying the involution on the discrete random choices (this correction term is automatically computed if the involution is constructed using the Trace Transform DSL). NOTE: The Jacobian matrix of the bijection on the continuous random choices must be full-rank (i.e. nonzero determinant). The check keyword argument to the involution can be used to enable or disable any dynamic correctness checks that the involution performs; for successful executions, check does not alter the return value.
source
Gen.mhFunction.
(new_trace, accepted) = mh(trace, selection::Selection; ..)
(new_trace, accepted) = mh(trace, proposal::GenerativeFunction, proposal_args::Tuple; ..)
(new_trace, accepted) = mh(trace, proposal::GenerativeFunction, proposal_args::Tuple, involution; ..)
Alias for metropolis_hastings. Perform a Metropolis-Hastings update on the given trace.
source
(new_trace, accepted) = mala(
trace, selection::Selection, tau::Real;
check=false, observations=EmptyChoiceMap())
Apply a Metropolis-Adjusted Langevin Algorithm (MALA) update.
Reference URL
source
Gen.hmcFunction.
(new_trace, accepted) = hmc(
trace, selection::Selection; L=10, eps=0.1,
check=false, observations=EmptyChoiceMap())
Apply a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) update that proposes new values for the selected addresses, returning the new trace (which is equal to the previous trace if the move was not accepted) and a Bool indicating whether the move was accepted or not.
Hamilton's equations are numerically integrated using leapfrog integration with step size eps for L steps. See equations (5.18)-(5.20) of Neal (2011).
References
Neal, Radford M. (2011), "MCMC Using Hamiltonian Dynamics", Handbook of Markov Chain Monte Carlo, pp. 113-162. URL: http://www.mcmchandbook.net/HandbookChapter5.pdf
source
new_trace = elliptical_slice(
check=false, observations=EmptyChoiceMap())
Apply an elliptical slice sampling update to a given random choice with a multivariate normal prior.
Also takes the mean vector and covariance matrix of the prior.
Reference URL
source
@pkern function k(trace, ..; check=false, observations=EmptyChoiceMap())
..
return trace
end
Declare a Julia function as a primitive stationary kernel.
The first argument of the function should be a trace, and the return value of the function should be a trace. There should be keyword arguments check and observations.
source
@kern function k(trace, ..)
..
end
Construct a composite MCMC kernel.
The resulting object is a Julia function that is annotated as a composite MCMC kernel, and can be called as a Julia function or applied within other composite kernels.
source
@rkern k1 : k2
Declare that two primitive stationary kernels are reversals of one another.
The two kernels must have the same argument type signatures.
source
k2 = reversal(k1)
Return the reversal kernel for a given kernel.
source
(new_trace, accepted) = involutive_mcmc(trace, proposal::GenerativeFunction, proposal_args::Tuple, involution; ..)
Alias for the involutive form of metropolis_hastings`.
source
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|
http://sepwww.stanford.edu/data/media/public/docs/sep124/biondo1/paper_html/node5.html
|
Next: Conclusions and future directions Up: Cost-efficient prestack exploding-reflector modeling Previous: Cost-efficient prestack exploding-reflector modeling
## Synthetic data examples
To test the analytical results presented in the previous section, I modeled and migrated several data sets that combined SODCIGs extracted from the prestack images of the synthetic data set described above. The SODCIGs were uniformly spaced with four choices for their distance :640 meters, 320 meters, 160 meters, and 80 meters. The original midpoint spacing of the image, , was 10 meters. Therefore, the first data set required 64 independent modeling experiments, the second 32, the third 16 and the fourth 8.
Figure compares the SODCIG extracted from the starting prestack image (Figure a) with the corresponding SODCIGs extracted from the images obtained by migrating the four combined data sets with the correct velocity. All the SODCIGs have been extracted at the same horizontal location. As predicted by equation 23, the images obtained by the combined data sets are affected by cross talk along the offset domain. The images obtained from the smaller data set that had only 8 independent experiments (Figure e) is completely degraded by the cross-talk. Whereas the larger data sets ( equal to 320 and 640 meters) preserve the velocity information present in the original SODCIG and allow the computation of ADCIGs uncontaminated by artifacts, after the cross-talks are removed by limiting the offset aperture.
Figure shows the same SODCIGs shown in Figure after the larger subsurface offsets are zeroed. Because the distance between cross-talks decreases with decreasing , the windows around zero offset also decreases in width. For Figure b the window was 410 meters wide, for Figure c it was 170 meters wide, for Figure d it was 110 meters wide, for Figure e it was 70 meters wide.
Migs-nowind-overn
Figure 8
Panel a): SODCIG extracted from source-receiver migration of synthetic data set migrated with correct velocity. Panels b) to e): SODCIGs obtained from migration of data sets modeled using the proposed method, with respectively 640 m, 320 m, 160 m and 80 m.
Migs-wind-overn
Figure 9
Same panels shown in Figure after zeroing the larger subsurface offsets to maximally eliminate the cross-talk before transformation to angle domain (Figure ).
Figure shows the ADCIGs obtained by transforming into the angle domain the SODCIGs shown Figure . The ADCIGs computed by imaging the larger data sets ( equal 320 and 640 meters) preserve the velocity information contained in the original ADCIG (Figure a), whereas the ADCIG computed from the data set with only 8 independent experiments (Figure e), is completely overwhelmed by artifacts.
Angs-wind-overn
Figure 10
ADCIGs obtained by transformation of the windowed SODCIGs shown in Figure . Panel a): ADCIG computed from source-receiver migration of synthetic data set migrated with correct velocity. Panels b) to e): ADCIGs obtained from the migration of data sets modeled using the proposed method, with respectively 640 m, 320 m, 160 m and 80 m.
The amount of interference caused by the cross-talk also depends on how well the SODCIGs are focused around zero subsurface offset, in addition to the spacing between SODCIGs. When the initial migration is not perfectly focused because of velocity inaccuracies, more experiments are needed to preserve the velocity information than when the starting image is well focused. Figure , illustrating this concept, shows the SODCIGs obtained starting from the prestack image computed by source-receiver migration using a migration velocity too low by 10%. Figure shows the original SODCIG, whereas the other panels show the SODCIG obtained with increasingly smaller data sets, as in Figure . Because of the velocity error the SODCIGs are not well focused at zero offset. In this case, only the data set with 64 independent experiments produces a SODCIG with the cross-talk sufficiently separated from zero offset not to interfere with the desired image.
This result is confirmed by the transformation to angle domain. Figure shows the ADCIGs obtained after windowing the SODCIGs shown in Figure . The ADCIG obtained by migrating all the 64 independent experiments (Figure b) contains the same velocity information as the original ADCIG (Figure a), whereas the others are affected by artifact caused by the cross talks, increasingly so going from left to right in the figure.
Migs-slow-nowind-overn
Figure 11
Panel a): SODCIG extracted from source-receiver migration of synthetic data set migrated with velocity too slow by 10%. Panels b) to e): SODCIGs obtained from migration of data sets modeled using the proposed method, with respectively 640 m, 320 m, 160 m and 80 m. The modeling and the migration velocities were the same and both too slow by 10%.
Angs-slow-wind-overn
Figure 12
ADCIGs obtained by transformation of the SODCIGs shown in Figure after windowing. Panel a): ADCIG computed from source-receiver migration of synthetic data set migrated with velocity too slow by 10%. Panels b) to e): ADCIGs obtained from migration of data sets modeled using the proposed method, with respectively 640 m, 320 m, 160 m and 80 m.
The two previous examples display the imaging results when the modeling and migration velocity were the same. However, because the proposed modeling method would be used for MVA, which requires iterative migrations with different velocities, it is useful to evaluate the results when the modeling and migration velocities differ. Therefore, I modeled four data sets, again with decreasing ;I started as before with = 640 meters, and went down to 320 meters, 160 meters and 80 meters. The starting image was obtained by source-receiver migration with velocity too slow by 10%. The data were modeled assuming the same low velocity, but they were migrated using the correct velocity, and thus the SODCIGs after migration are now well focused.
Figure shows the resulting SODCIGs and compares them with the well-focused SODCIGs obtained by source-receiver migration of the original data set with the correct velocity (Figure a). As in Figure , the cross-talk artifacts in the SODCIGs obtained by migrating the data sets formed by 32 and 64 independent experiments are sufficiently far from zero offset to be easily zeroed before transformation to angle domain. Figure shows the corresponding ADCIGs, which show flat moveout for the deep flat reflector. A small residual moveout can be observed for the shallow dipping reflector that is probably related to staircase artifacts in the initial modeling. In other words, because of the coarseness of the modeling grid, the dipping reflector behaves as a sequence of short segments of flat reflectors, instead as a continuous planar reflector dipping at 10 degrees. All ADCIGs, except the ones shown in Figure d and e are free from artifacts and provide useful velocity information.
The last example illustrates the idea that the interference between SODCIGs depends on the amount of focusing of the SODCIG after migration, not in the starting image. In other words, the residual propagation'' operator present in equation 22 may decrease, or increase, the amount of cross-talk artifacts, depending whether it improves, or degrades, the focusing of the image.
Migs-slow-slow-nowind-overn
Figure 13
Panel a): SODCIG extracted from source-receiver migration of synthetic data set migrated with velocity too slow by 10%. Panels b) to e): SODCIGs obtained from migration of data sets modeled using the proposed method, with respectively 640 m, 320 m, 160 m and 80 m. The modeling velocity was too slow by 10%, but the migration velocity equaled the correct velocity.
Angs-slow-slow-wind-overn
Figure 14
ADCIGs obtained by transformation of the SODCIGs shown in Figure after windowing. Panel a): ADCIG computed from source-receiver migration of synthetic data set migrated with velocity too slow by 10%. Panels b) to e): ADCIGs obtained from migration of data sets modeled using the proposed method, with respectively 640 m, 320 m, 160 m and 80 m. The modeling velocity was too slow by 10%, but the migration velocity equaled the correct velocity.
Next: Conclusions and future directions Up: Cost-efficient prestack exploding-reflector modeling Previous: Cost-efficient prestack exploding-reflector modeling
Stanford Exploration Project
4/5/2006
|
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|
http://www.filewatcher.com/p/texlive_texmf-docs-2010.tgz.796984819/share/texmf-dist/doc/latex/gaceta/README.html
|
File Search Catalog Content Search
» » » » » texlive_texmf-docs-2010.tgz » Content »
texlive_texmf-docs… more info»
```This is the gaceta.cls LaTeX class, which is intended
to write papers for ``La Gaceta de la Real Sociedad
Matem\'atica Espa\~nola'', a journal of the Real Sociedad
Matem\'atica Espa\~nola, http://www.rsme.es/
As examples of use of gaceta.cls, we provide two templates:
plantilla-articulo-suelto.tex
plantilla-articulo-de-seccion.tex
(with its corresponding pdf files).
La Gaceta of the RSME is written in Spanish, so the
templates are also in Spanish.
Version: 1.06, 2008/05/14
Changes with respect to version 1.0:
- Support for the section ``La Olimiada Matem\'atica''
- Support for abstract with the style of La Gaceta
- Small bug fixes
Author:
Juan L. Varona
jvarona at unirioja dot es
http://www.unirioja.es/cu/jvarona/
|
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|
http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/144683-group-modulo-additive-reals-isomorphic-multiplicative-reals.html
|
# Math Help - Which group modulo the additive reals is isomorphic to the multiplicative reals.
1. ## Which group modulo the additive reals is isomorphic to the multiplicative reals.
Hi There.
Simple question to pose, maybe not too easy to answer.
Let G be a group such that it's quotient over the additive reals is isomorphic to the multiplicative reals.
Which familiar group is G isomorphic to?
Equivalently, what is the product group of the additive reals with the multiplicative reals isomorphic to?
2. Originally Posted by Kep
Hi There.
Simple question to pose, maybe not too easy to answer.
Let G be a group such that it's quotient over the additive reals is isomorphic to the multiplicative reals.
Which familiar group is G isomorphic to?
Equivalently, what is the product group of the additive reals with the multiplicative reals isomorphic to?
I would guess the complex numbers under addition. You are quotienting out a copy of the reals (under +) to get a copy of the reals (under *). Apparently the group you start with is one you are `familiar' with. Well, you only know a couple of groups which are uncountable...
I hope that helps for the moment!
EDIT: Although $(\mathbb{C}, +) \cong (\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}, +)$ so you will have to look quite hard for this copy of the reals, it certainly isn't obvious...
EDIT2: Powers seems to work. You are wanting to turn addition into multiplication, so powers seem to be a sensible choice.
$\phia, b) \mapsto e^{a+b}" alt="\phia, b) \mapsto e^{a+b}" />. Clearly $e^{0+0} = e^0 = 1$ and $(a,b)\phi * (c,d)\phi = e^{a+b}e^{c+d} = e^{a+b+c+d} = (a+c, b+d)\phi = ((a, b)+(c, d))\phi$.
You now just need to prove that the kernel is isomorphic to the reals. However, the kernel is the set $(a, -a)$ which is isomorphic to the reals under the isomorphism $(a, -a) \mapsto a$.
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https://arxiv.org/search/?searchtype=author&query=Richter%2C+S
|
# Showing 1–50 of 104 results for author: Richter, S
.
1. arXiv:1804.10975 [pdf, other
Matryoshka Networks: Predicting 3D Geometry via Nested Shape Layers
Authors: Stephan R. Richter, Stefan Roth
Abstract: In this paper, we develop novel, efficient 2D encodings for 3D geometry, which enable reconstructing full 3D shapes from a single image at high resolution. The key idea is to pose 3D shape reconstruction as a 2D prediction problem. To that end, we first develop a simple baseline network that predicts entire voxel tubes at each pixel of a reference view. By leveraging well-proven architectures for… ▽ More
Submitted 29 April, 2018; originally announced April 2018.
Comments: Published at the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2018)
ACM Class: I.4.8
2. arXiv:1804.10693 [pdf, ps, other
Weak products of complete Pick spaces
Abstract: Let $\mathcal H$ be the Drury-Arveson or Dirichlet space of the unit ball of $\mathbb C^d$. The weak product $\mathcal H\odot\mathcal H$ of $\mathcal H$ is the collection of all functions $h$ that can be written as $h=\sum_{n=1}^\infty f_n g_n$, where $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \|f_n\|\|g_n\|<\infty$. We show that $\mathcal H\odot\mathcal H$ is contained in the Smirnov class of $\mathcal H$, i.e. every fu… ▽ More
Submitted 27 April, 2018; originally announced April 2018.
3. arXiv:1802.08820 [pdf, other
AGN Neutrino flux estimates for a realistic hybrid model
Authors: S. Richter, F. Spanier
Abstract: Recent reports of possible correlations between high energy neutrinos observed by IceCube and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) activity sparked a burst of publications that attempt to predict the neutrino flux of these sources. However, often rather crude estimates are used to derive the neutrino rate from the observed photon spectra. In this work neutrino fluxes were computed in a wide parameter spac… ▽ More
Submitted 24 February, 2018; originally announced February 2018.
Comments: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
4. arXiv:1802.02100 [pdf, other
Pushing the precision frontier at the LHC with V+jets
Abstract: This documents the proceedings from a workshop titled Illuminating Standard candles at the LHC: V+jets' held at Imperial College London on 25th-26th April 2017. It summarises the numerous contributions to the workshop, from the experimental overview of V+jets measurements at CMS and ATLAS and their role in searching for physics beyond the Standard Model to the status of higher order perturbative… ▽ More
Submitted 6 February, 2018; originally announced February 2018.
Comments: Proceedings for the workshop on 'Illuminating standard candles a the LHC: V+jets' held at Imperial College London on April 25th-26th
5. arXiv:1801.06020 [pdf, other
A search for new supernova remnant shells in the Galactic plane with H.E.S.S
Authors: H. E. S. S. Collaboration, :, H. Abdalla, A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, A. G. Akhperjanian, T. Andersson, E. O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, M. Arrieta, P. Aubert, M. Backes, A. Balzer, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, J. Becker Tjus, D. Berge, S. Bernhard, K. Bernlöhr, R. Blackwell, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, S. Bonnefoy , et al. (241 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: A search for new supernova remnants (SNRs) has been conducted using TeV gamma-ray data from the H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey. As an identification criterion, shell morphologies that are characteristic for known resolved TeV SNRs have been used. Three new SNR candidates were identified in the H.E.S.S. data set with this method. Extensive multiwavelength searches for counterparts were conducted. A… ▽ More
Submitted 27 April, 2018; v1 submitted 18 January, 2018; originally announced January 2018.
Comments: Accepted for publication in A&A, 24 pages, 13 figures. Minor corrections in v2
Journal ref: A&A 612, A8 (2018)
6. arXiv:1712.07438 [pdf, other
CameraTransform: a Scientific Python Package for Perspective Camera Corrections
Abstract: Scientific applications often require an exact reconstruction of object positions and distances from digital images. Therefore, the images need to be corrected for perspective distortions. We present \textit{CameraTransform}, a python package that performs a perspective image correction whereby the height, tilt/roll angle and heading of the camera can be automatically obtained from the images if a… ▽ More
Submitted 20 December, 2017; originally announced December 2017.
7. arXiv:1711.09421 [pdf
Nb3Sn wire shape and cross sectional area inhomogeneity in Rutherford cables
Abstract: During Rutherford cable production the wires are plastically deformed and their initially round shape is distorted. Using X-ray absorption tomography we have determined the 3D shape of an unreacted Nb3Sn 11 T dipole Rutherford cable, and of a reacted and impregnated Nb3Sn cable double stack. State-of-the-art image processing was applied to correct for tomographic artefacts caused by the large cabl… ▽ More
Submitted 26 November, 2017; originally announced November 2017.
Comments: 6 pages, 11 figures, presented at EUCAS 2017
8. arXiv:1709.07322 [pdf, other
Playing for Benchmarks
Abstract: We present a benchmark suite for visual perception. The benchmark is based on more than 250K high-resolution video frames, all annotated with ground-truth data for both low-level and high-level vision tasks, including optical flow, semantic instance segmentation, object detection and tracking, object-level 3D scene layout, and visual odometry. Ground-truth data for all tasks is available for every… ▽ More
Submitted 21 September, 2017; originally announced September 2017.
Comments: Published at the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV 2017)
ACM Class: I.4.8
9. arXiv:1709.06442
Contributions of the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) to the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC), Busan, Korea
Authors: H. E. S. S. Collaboration, :, H. Abdalla, A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, A. G. Akhperjaniany, T. Andersson, E. O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, M. Arrieta, P. Aubert, M. Backes, A. Balzer, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, J. Becker Tjus, D. Berge, S. Bernhard, K. Bernlöhr, R. Blackwell, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, S. Bonnefoy , et al. (234 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: Index of H.E.S.S. conference proceedings to the 35th ICRC, Busan, Korea ▽ More
Submitted 19 September, 2017; originally announced September 2017.
Comments: Index of H.E.S.S. conference proceedings to the 35th ICRC
10. arXiv:1708.05593 [pdf, ps, other
Factorizations induced by complete Nevanlinna-Pick factors
Abstract: We prove a factorization theorem for reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces whose kernel has a normalized complete Nevanlinna-Pick factor. This result relates the functions in the original space to pointwise multipliers determined by the Nevanlinna-Pick kernel and has a number of interesting applications. For example, for a large class of spaces including Dirichlet and Drury-Arveson spaces, we construc… ▽ More
Submitted 18 August, 2017; originally announced August 2017.
11. arXiv:1707.06090 [pdf, other
Measurement of the EBL spectral energy distribution using the VHE gamma-ray spectra of H.E.S.S. blazars
Authors: H. E. S. S. Collaboration, :, H. Abdalla, A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, A. G. Akhperjaniany, T. Andersson, E. O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, M. Arrieta, P. Aubert, M. Backes, A. Balzer, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, J. Becker Tjus, D. Berge, S. Bernhard, K. Bernlöhr, R. Blackwell, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, S. Bonnefoy , et al. (234 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: Very high-energy gamma-rays (VHE, E>100 GeV) propagating over cosmological distances can interact with the low-energy photons of the extragalactic background light (EBL) and produce electron-positron pairs. The transparency of the universe to VHE gamma-rays is then directly related to the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the EBL. The observation of features in the VHE energy spectra of extrag… ▽ More
Submitted 20 July, 2017; v1 submitted 19 July, 2017; originally announced July 2017.
Comments: Accepted for publication in A&A
Journal ref: A&A 606, A59 (2017)
12. arXiv:1707.04480 [pdf, other
Layout of random circulant graphs
Authors: Sebastian Richter, Israel Rocha
Abstract: A circulant graph H is defined on the set of vertices V=\left\{ 1,\ldots,n\right\} and edges E=\left\{ \left(i,j\right):\left|i-j\right|\equiv s\left(\textrm{mod}n\right),s\in S\right\} , where S\subseteq\left\{ 1,\ldots,\lceil\frac{n-1}{2}\rceil\right\} . A random circulant graph results from deleting edges of H with probability 1-p. We provide a polynomial time algorithm that approximates the so… ▽ More
Submitted 14 July, 2017; originally announced July 2017.
MSC Class: 05C50; 05C85; 15A52; 15A18
13. arXiv:1707.03658 [pdf, ps, other
Constraints on particle acceleration in SS433/W50 from MAGIC and H.E.S.S. observations
Authors: MAGIC Collaboration, M. L. Ahnen, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, C. Arcaro, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, B. Biasuzzi, A. Biland, O. Blanch, S. Bonnefoy, G. Bonnoli, F. Borracci, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, A. Chatterjee, P. Colin, E. Colombo , et al. (386 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: The large jet kinetic power and non-thermal processes occurring in the microquasar SS 433 make this source a good candidate for a very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitter. Gamma-ray fluxes have been predicted for both the central binary and the interaction regions between jets and surrounding nebula. Also, non-thermal emission at lower energies has been previously reported. We explore the capabili… ▽ More
Submitted 12 July, 2017; originally announced July 2017.
Comments: Accepted for publication in A&A, 9 pages, 2 figures
Journal ref: A&A 612, A14 (2018)
14. arXiv:1706.04535 [pdf, other
Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with H.E.S.S
Authors: H. E. S. S. Collaboration, :, H. Abdalla, A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, A. G. Akhperjaniany, T. Andersson, E. O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, M. Arrieta, P. Aubert, M. Backes, A. Balzer, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, J. Becker Tjus, D. Berge, S. Bernhard, K. Bernlöhr, R. Blackwell, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, S. Bonnefoy , et al. (234 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: The diffuse very high-energy (VHE, > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission observed in the central 200 pc of the Milky Way by H.E.S.S. was found to follow the dense matter distribution in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) up to a longitudinal distance of about 130 pc to the Galactic Centre (GC), where the flux rapidly decreases. Recent sensitive H.E.S.S. analysis revealed that the cosmic-ray (CR) density pro… ▽ More
Submitted 14 June, 2017; originally announced June 2017.
Journal ref: A&A 612, A9 (2018)
15. arXiv:1705.10046 [pdf, other
Cross validation for locally stationary processes
Authors: Stefan Richter, Rainer Dahlhaus
Abstract: We propose an adaptive bandwidth selector via cross validation for local M-estimators in locally stationary processes. We prove asymptotic optimality of the procedure under mild conditions on the underlying parameter curves. The results are applicable to a wide range of locally stationary processes such linear and nonlinear processes. A simulation study shows that the method works fairly well also… ▽ More
Submitted 29 May, 2017; originally announced May 2017.
Comments: 67 pages (28 main article, 39 appendix), 2 figures
16. arXiv:1705.02523 [pdf, other
BICEP2 / Keck Array IX: New Bounds on Anisotropies of CMB Polarization Rotation and Implications for Axion-Like Particles and Primordial Magnetic Fields
Authors: Keck Array, BICEP2 Collaborations, :, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, R. W. Aikin, K. D. Alexander, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, R. Bowens-Rubin, J. A. Brevik, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, B. P. Crill, L. Duband, C. Dvorkin, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, T. St. Germaine, T. Ghosh, J. Grayson , et al. (43 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: We present the strongest constraints to date on anisotropies of CMB polarization rotation derived from $150$ GHz data taken by the BICEP2 & Keck Array CMB experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season (BK14). The definition of polarization angle in BK14 maps has gone through self-calibration in which the overall angle is adjusted to minimize the observed $TB$ and $EB$ power spectra. Af… ▽ More
Submitted 6 May, 2017; originally announced May 2017.
Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 96, 102003 (2017)
17. arXiv:1705.02263 [pdf, other
Systematic search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars
Authors: H. E. S. S. Collaboration, :, H. Abdalla, A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, A. G. Akhperjanian, T. Andersson, E. O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, M. Arrieta, P. Aubert, M. Backes, A. Balzer, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, J. Becker Tjus, D. Berge, S. Bernhard, K. Bernlöhr, R. Blackwell, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, P. Bordas , et al. (238 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: Runaway stars form bow shocks by ploughing through the interstellar medium at supersonic speeds and are promising sources of non-thermal emission of photons. One of these objects has been found to emit non-thermal radiation in the radio band. This triggered the development of theoretical models predicting non-thermal photons from radio up to very-high-energy (VHE, E $\geq 0.1$TeV) gamma rays. Subs… ▽ More
Submitted 5 May, 2017; originally announced May 2017.
Comments: 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in A&A
Journal ref: A&A 612, A12 (2018)
18. arXiv:1704.02860 [pdf, other
Towards a general theory for non-linear locally stationary processes
Authors: Rainer Dahlhaus, Stefan Richter, Wei Biao Wu
Abstract: In this paper some general theory is presented for locally stationary processes based on the stationary approximation and the stationary derivative. Laws of large numbers, central limit theorems as well as deterministic and stochastic bias expansions are proved for processes obeying an expansion in terms of the stationary approximation and derivative. In addition it is shown that this applies to s… ▽ More
Submitted 19 November, 2017; v1 submitted 10 April, 2017; originally announced April 2017.
19. arXiv:1701.07476 [pdf, ps, other
The Smirnov class for spaces with the complete Pick property
Abstract: We show that every function in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space with a normalized complete Pick kernel is the quotient of a multiplier and a cyclic multiplier. This extends a theorem of Alpay, Bolotnikov and Kaptanoğlu. We explore various consequences of this result regarding zero sets, spaces on compact sets and Gleason parts. In particular, using a construction of Salas, we exhibit a rotationa… ▽ More
Submitted 26 July, 2017; v1 submitted 25 January, 2017; originally announced January 2017.
MSC Class: 46E22 (Primary); 30H15; 30H80 (Secondary)
20. arXiv:1701.04885 [pdf, ps, other
Interpolating sequences in spaces with the complete Pick property
Abstract: We characterize interpolating sequences for multiplier algebras of spaces with the complete Pick property. Specifically, we show that a sequence is interpolating if and only if it is separated and generates a Carleson measure. This generalizes results of Carleson for the Hardy space and of Bishop, Marshall and Sundberg for the Dirichlet space. Furthermore, we investigate interpolating sequences fo… ▽ More
Submitted 17 January, 2017; originally announced January 2017.
MSC Class: 46E22
21. arXiv:1701.01933 [pdf, ps, other
Superconducting properties of Ba(Fe1-xNix)2As2 thin films in high magnetic fields
Abstract: We report on electrical transport properties of epitaxial Ba(Fe1-xNix)2As2 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition in static magnetic fields up to 35 T. The thin film shows a critical temperature of 17.2 K and a critical current density of 5.7x10^5 A/cm^2 in self field at 4.2 K while the pinning is dominated by elastic pinning at two-dimensional nonmagnetic defects. Compared to single-crystal… ▽ More
Submitted 8 January, 2017; originally announced January 2017.
Comments: Accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters, 5 figures
Journal ref: Applied Physics Letters 110, 022601 (2017)
22. arXiv:1612.02643 [pdf, ps, other
The $p$-spectral radius of the Laplacian
Abstract: The $p$-spectral radius of a graph $G=(V,E)$ with adjacency matrix $A$ is defined as $λ^{(p)}(G)=\max \{x^TAx : \|x\|_p=1 \}$. This parameter shows remarkable connections with graph invariants, and has been used to generalize some extremal problems. In this work, we extend this approach to the Laplacian matrix $L$, and define the $p$-spectral radius of the Laplacian as… ▽ More
Submitted 8 December, 2016; originally announced December 2016.
23. arXiv:1611.09209 [pdf, other
First limits on the very-high energy gamma-ray afterglow emission of a fast radio burst: H.E.S.S. observations of FRB 150418
Authors: H. E. S. S. Collaboration, :, H. Abdalla, A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, A. G. Akhperjanian, T. Andersson, E. O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, M. Arrieta, P. Aubert, M. Backes, A. Balzer, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, J. Becker Tjus, D. Berge, S. Bernhard, K. Bernlöhr, R. Blackwell, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, P. Bordas , et al. (244 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: Aims: Following the detection of the fast radio burst FRB150418 by the SUPERB project at the Parkes radio telescope, we aim to search for very-high energy gamma-ray afterglow emission. Methods: Follow-up observations in the very-high energy gamma-ray domain were obtained with the H.E.S.S. imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope system within 14.5 hours of the radio burst. Results: The obtained 1.4… ▽ More
Submitted 28 November, 2016; originally announced November 2016.
Comments: accepted for publication in A&A
Journal ref: A&A 597, A115 (2017)
24. arXiv:1611.01863 [pdf, other
Deeper H.E.S.S. observations of Vela Junior (RX J0852.0$-$4622): Morphology studies and resolved spectroscopy
Authors: H. E. S. S. Collaboration, H. Abdalla, A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, A. G. Akhperjanian, T. Andersson, E. O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, M. Arrieta, P. Aubert, M. Backes, A. Balzer, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, J. Becker Tjus, D. Berge, S. Bernhard, K. Bernlöhr, R. Blackwell, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, P. Bordas, J. Bregeon , et al. (238 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: Aims. We study gamma-ray emission from the shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) RX J0852.0$-$4622 to better characterize its spectral properties and its distribution over the SNR. Methods. The analysis of an extended High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data set at very high energies (E > 100 GeV) permits detailed studies, as well as spatially resolved spectroscopy, of the morphology and sp… ▽ More
Submitted 26 April, 2018; v1 submitted 6 November, 2016; originally announced November 2016.
Comments: 14 pages, 5 figures, 8 tables. Published in A&A
Journal ref: A&A 612, A7 (2018)
25. arXiv:1609.07653 [pdf, ps, other
Exceptional points in anisotropic planar microcavities
Abstract: Planar microcavities allow the control and manipulation of spin-polarization, manifested in phenomena like the optical spin Hall effect due to the intrinsic polarization mode splitting. Here, we study a transparent microcavity with broken rotational symmetry, realized by aligning the optical axis of a uniaxial cavity material in the cavity plane. We demonstrate that the in-plane optical anisotropy… ▽ More
Submitted 24 September, 2016; originally announced September 2016.
Journal ref: Phys. Rev. A 95, 023836 (2017)
26. arXiv:1608.02192 [pdf, other
Playing for Data: Ground Truth from Computer Games
Abstract: Recent progress in computer vision has been driven by high-capacity models trained on large datasets. Unfortunately, creating large datasets with pixel-level labels has been extremely costly due to the amount of human effort required. In this paper, we present an approach to rapidly creating pixel-accurate semantic label maps for images extracted from modern computer games. Although the source cod… ▽ More
Submitted 7 August, 2016; originally announced August 2016.
Comments: Accepted to the 14th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV 2016)
ACM Class: I.4.8
27. arXiv:1607.06861 [pdf, other
BICEP3 focal plane design and detector performance
Authors: H. Hui, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, K. D. Alexander, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, R. Bowens-Rubin, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, J. A. Grayson, M. Halpern, S. Harrison, G. C. Hilton, V. V. Hristov, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare , et al. (34 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: BICEP3, the latest telescope in the BICEP/Keck program, started science observations in March 2016. It is a 550mm aperture refractive telescope observing the polarization of the cosmic microwave background at 95 GHz. We show the focal plane design and detector performance, including spectral response, optical efficiency and preliminary sensitivity of the upgraded BICEP3. We demonstrate 9.72$μ$K… ▽ More
Submitted 22 July, 2016; originally announced July 2016.
Comments: 11 pages, 10 figures. To be published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, June 2016
28. arXiv:1607.04668 [pdf, other
BICEP3 performance overview and planned Keck Array upgrade
Authors: J. A. Grayson, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, K. D. Alexander, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, R. Bowens-Rubin, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, M. Halpern, S. Harrison, G. C. Hilton, V. V. Hristov, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare , et al. (34 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: BICEP3 is a 520 mm aperture, compact two-lens refractor designed to observe the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95 GHz. Its focal plane consists of modularized tiles of antenna-coupled transition edge sensors (TESs), similar to those used in BICEP2 and the Keck Array. The increased per-receiver optical throughput compared to BICEP2/Keck Array, due to both its faster f/1.7… ▽ More
Submitted 15 July, 2016; originally announced July 2016.
Comments: 17 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, June 2016
29. arXiv:1607.04567 [pdf, other
Optical Characterization of the BICEP3 CMB Polarimeter at the South Pole
Authors: K. S. Karkare, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, K. D. Alexander, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, R. Bowens-Rubin, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, J. P. Filippini, S. T. Fliescher, J. A. Grayson, M. Halpern, S. A. Harrison, G. C. Hilton, V. V. Hristov, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. H. Kang , et al. (34 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: BICEP3 is a small-aperture refracting cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescope designed to make sensitive polarization maps in pursuit of a potential B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. It is the latest in the BICEP/Keck Array series of CMB experiments at the South Pole, which has provided the most stringent constraints on inflation to date. For the 2016 observing season, BICEP… ▽ More
Submitted 15 July, 2016; originally announced July 2016.
Comments: 17 pages, 9 figures. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, June 2016
30. arXiv:1606.03945 [pdf, other
Fundamental absorption edges in heteroepitaxial YBiO$_3$ thin films
Abstract: The dielectric function of heteroepitaxial YBiO$_3$ grown on $a$-Al$_2$O$_3$ single crystals via pulsed laser deposition is determined in the spectral range from 0.03 eV to 4.5 eV by simultaneous modeling of spectroscopic ellipsometry and optical transmission data of YBiO$_3$ films of different thickness. The (111)-oriented YBiO$_3$ films are nominally unstrained and crystallize in a defective flu… ▽ More
Submitted 19 September, 2016; v1 submitted 13 June, 2016; originally announced June 2016.
31. arXiv:1606.02078 [pdf, other
A numerical model of parsec scale SSC morphologies and their radio emission
Authors: Stephan Richter, Felix Spanier
Abstract: In current models for jets of AGNs and their emission a shortcoming in the description and understanding of the connection between the largest and smallest scales exists. In this work we present a spatially resolved SSC model extended to parsec scales, which opens the possibility of probing the connections between the radio and high energy properties. We simulate an environment that leads to Fermi… ▽ More
Submitted 7 June, 2016; originally announced June 2016.
Comments: accepted for publication in ApJ, 10 pages, 5 figures
ACM Class: J.2
32. arXiv:1606.01968 [pdf, other
BICEP2 / Keck Array VIII: Measurement of gravitational lensing from large-scale B-mode polarization
Authors: The Keck Array, BICEP2 Collaborations, :, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, R. W. Aikin, K. D. Alexander, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, R. Bowens-Rubin, J. A. Brevik, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, B. P. Crill, L. Duband, C. Dvorkin, J. P. Filippin, S. Fliescher, J. Grayson, M. Halpern, S. Harrison , et al. (41 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: We present measurements of polarization lensing using the 150 GHz maps which include all data taken by the BICEP2 & Keck Array CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season (BK14). Despite their modest angular resolution ($\sim 0.5^\circ$), the excellent sensitivity ($\sim 3μ$K-arcmin) of these maps makes it possible to directly reconstruct the lensing potential using… ▽ More
Submitted 11 June, 2016; v1 submitted 6 June, 2016; originally announced June 2016.
33. arXiv:1603.05976 [pdf, other
BICEP2 / Keck Array VII: Matrix based E/B Separation applied to BICEP2 and the Keck Array
Authors: Keck Array, BICEP2 Collaborations, :, P. Ade, Z. Ahmed, R. W. Aikin, K. D. Alexander, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, R. Bowens-Rubin, J. A. Brevik, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, B. P. Crill, L. Duband, C. Dvorkin, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, J. Grayson, M. Halpern, S. Harrison , et al. (41 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: A linear polarization field on the sphere can be uniquely decomposed into an E-mode and a B-mode component. These two components are analytically defined in terms of spin-2 spherical harmonics. Maps that contain filtered modes on a partial sky can also be decomposed into E-mode and B-mode components. However, the lack of full sky information prevents orthogonally separating these components using… ▽ More
Submitted 1 July, 2016; v1 submitted 18 March, 2016; originally announced March 2016.
Journal ref: ApJ 825,1 (2016)
34. arXiv:1603.01233 [pdf, ps, other
A remark on the multipliers on spaces of weak products of functions
Authors: Stefan Richter, Brett D. Wick
Abstract: If $\mathcal{H}$ denotes a Hilbert space of analytic functions on a region $Ω\subseteq \mathbb{C}^d$, then the weak product is defined by $$\mathcal{H}\odot\mathcal{H}=\left\{h=\sum_{n=1}^\infty f_n g_n : \sum_{n=1}^\infty \|f_n\|_{\mathcal{H}}\|g_n\|_{\mathcal{H}} <\infty\right\}.$$ We prove that if $\mathcal{H}$ is a first order holomorphic Besov Hilbert space on the unit ball of $\mathbb{C}^d… ▽ More Submitted 3 March, 2016; originally announced March 2016. Comments: v1: 6 pages. To appear Concr. Oper Journal ref: Concr. Oper. 3 (2016), 25-28 35. arXiv:1603.01227 [pdf, other Anisotropy in Cosmic-Ray Arrival Directions in the Southern Hemisphere with Six Years of Data from the IceCube Detector Authors: IceCube Collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, K. Abraham, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, M. Archinger, C. Arguelles, T. C. Arlen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, E. Beiser, S. BenZvi , et al. (292 additional authors not shown) Abstract: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has accumulated a total of 318 billion cosmic-ray induced muon events between May 2009 and May 2015. This data set was used for a detailed analysis of the cosmic-ray arrival direction anisotropy in the TeV to PeV energy range. The observed global anisotropy features large regions of relative excess and deficit, with amplitudes on the order of$10^{-3}$up to about… ▽ More Submitted 2 June, 2016; v1 submitted 3 March, 2016; originally announced March 2016. Comments: Accepted by Astrophysical Journal Journal ref: Astrophys.J. 826 (2016) no.2, 220 36. arXiv:1603.00339 [pdf, other Shear-banding and Taylor-Couette instability in thixotropic yield stress fluids Abstract: In the present work, we study the flow of thixotropic yield stress fluids between two concentric cylinders. In order to take into account the thixotropy, the constitutive relation uses a structural parameter which is driven by a kinetic equation. Here, the Houska's model is considered. Depending on the breakdown rate of the structural parameter, localization or shear-banding are observed. We show… ▽ More Submitted 1 March, 2016; originally announced March 2016. Comments: 28 pages, 20 figures Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 023302 (2017) 37. arXiv:1602.05411 [pdf, other High-energy Neutrino follow-up search of Gravitational Wave Event GW150914 with ANTARES and IceCube Authors: S. Adrián-Martínez, A. Albert, M. André, G. Anton, M. Ardid, J. -J. Aubert, T. Avgitas, B. Baret, J. Barrios-Martí, S. Basa, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, R. Bormuth, M. C. Bouwhuis, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, S. Celli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, A. Coleiro, R. Coniglione , et al. (1370 additional authors not shown) Abstract: We present the high-energy-neutrino follow-up observations of the first gravitational wave transient GW150914 observed by the Advanced LIGO detectors on Sept. 14th, 2015. We search for coincident neutrino candidates within the data recorded by the IceCube and ANTARES neutrino detectors. A possible joint detection could be used in targeted electromagnetic follow-up observations, given the significa… ▽ More Submitted 22 April, 2016; v1 submitted 17 February, 2016; originally announced February 2016. Comments: 16 pages, 2 figures Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 93, 122010 (2016) 38. arXiv:1601.06484 [pdf, other An All-Sky Search for Three Flavors of Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory Authors: IceCube Collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, K. Abraham, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, M. Archinger, C. Arguelles, T. C. Arlen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, E. Beiser, S. BenZvi , et al. (292 additional authors not shown) Abstract: We present the results and methodology of a search for neutrinos produced in the decay of charged pions created in interactions between protons and gamma-rays during the prompt emission of 807 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) over the entire sky. This three-year search is the first in IceCube for shower-like Cherenkov light patterns from electron, muon, and tau neutrinos correlated with GRBs. We detect fiv… ▽ More Submitted 2 January, 2017; v1 submitted 25 January, 2016; originally announced January 2016. Comments: 33 pages, 14 figures; minor changes made to match published version in the Astrophysical Journal, 2016 June 20 Journal ref: Astrophys.J. 824 (2016) no.2, 115 39. arXiv:1601.02687 [pdf, ps, other Compressing molecular dynamics trajectories: breaking the one-bit-per-sample barrier Authors: Jan Huwald, Stephan Richter, Peter Dittrich Abstract: Molecular dynamics simulations yield large amounts of trajectory data. For their durable storage and accessibility an efficient compression algorithm is paramount. State of the art domain-specific algorithms combine quantization, Huffman encoding and occasionally domain knowledge. We propose the high resolution trajectory compression scheme (HRTC) that relies on piecewise linear functions to appro… ▽ More Submitted 8 January, 2016; originally announced January 2016. 40. arXiv:1601.00653 [pdf, other Improved limits on dark matter annihilation in the Sun with the 79-string IceCube detector and implications for supersymmetry Authors: IceCube Collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, K. Abraham, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, M. Archinger, C. Arguelles, T. C. Arlen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, E. Beiser, S. BenZvi , et al. (293 additional authors not shown) Abstract: We present an improved event-level likelihood formalism for including neutrino telescope data in global fits to new physics. We derive limits on spin-dependent dark matter-proton scattering by employing the new formalism in a re-analysis of data from the 79-string IceCube search for dark matter annihilation in the Sun, including explicit energy information for each event. The new analysis excludes… ▽ More Submitted 23 March, 2016; v1 submitted 4 January, 2016; originally announced January 2016. Comments: 24 pages, 8 figs, 1 table. Contact authors: Pat Scott & Matthias Danninger. Likelihood tool available at http://nulike.hepforge.org. v2: small updates to address JCAP referee report Journal ref: JCAP 04 (2016) 022 41. arXiv:1601.00125 [pdf Initial Performance of BICEP3: A Degree Angular Scale 95 GHz Band Polarimeter Authors: W. L. K. Wu, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, K. D. Alexander, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, R. Bowens-Rubin, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. A. Connors, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, J. A. Grayson, M. Halpern, S. A. Harrison, G. C. Hilton, V. V. Hristov, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare , et al. (27 additional authors not shown) Abstract: BICEP3 is a$550~mm$aperture telescope with cold, on-axis, refractive optics designed to observe at the$95~GHz$band from the South Pole. It is the newest member of the BICEP/Keck family of inflationary probes specifically designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at degree-angular scales. BICEP3 is designed to house 1280 dual-polarization pixels, which, when… ▽ More Submitted 1 January, 2016; originally announced January 2016. Comments: 7 pages, LTD-16 proceedings 42. arXiv:1512.07532 [pdf, ps, other Some Hilbert Spaces related with the Dirichlet space Abstract: We do a preliminary study of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space having as kernel$k^d$, where$d$is a positive integer and$k$is the reproducing kernel of the analytic Dirichlet space. ▽ More Submitted 18 May, 2016; v1 submitted 23 December, 2015; originally announced December 2015. MSC Class: 30J99; 47B35 43. arXiv:1511.09408 [pdf, ps, other Search for correlations between the arrival directions of IceCube neutrino events and ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array Authors: The IceCube Collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, K. Abraham, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, M. Archinger, C. Arguelles, T. C. Arlen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, E. Beiser, P. Berghaus, D. Berley , et al. (848 additional authors not shown) Abstract: This paper presents the results of different searches for correlations between very high-energy neutrino candidates detected by IceCube and the highest-energy cosmic rays measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. We first consider samples of cascade neutrino events and of high-energy neutrino-induced muon tracks, which provided evidence for a neutrino flux of astrophysical… ▽ More Submitted 21 January, 2016; v1 submitted 30 November, 2015; originally announced November 2015. Comments: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-15-520-AD-AE-CD-TD Journal ref: JCAP01(2016)037 44. arXiv:1511.02149 [pdf, other First combined search for neutrino point-sources in the Southern Hemisphere with the ANTARES and IceCube neutrino telescopes Authors: ANTARES Collaboration, S. Adrián-Martínez, A. Albert, M. André, G. Anton, M. Ardid, J. -J. Aubert, B. Baret, J. Barrios-Martí, S. Basa, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, R. Bormuth, M. C. Bouwhuis, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Coniglione, H. Costantini, P. Coyle , et al. (405 additional authors not shown) Abstract: We present the results of searches for point-like sources of neutrinos based on the first combined analysis of data from both the ANTARES and IceCube neutrino telescopes. The combination of both detectors which differ in size and location forms a window in the Southern sky where the sensitivity to point sources improves by up to a factor of two compared to individual analyses. Using data recorded… ▽ More Submitted 6 November, 2015; originally announced November 2015. Comments: 25 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to ApJ Journal ref: Astrophys. J. 823:65,2016 45. arXiv:1511.02109 [pdf, other The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array: Joint Contribution to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015) Authors: IceCube Collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, K. Abraham, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, M. Archinger, C. Arguelles, T. C. Arlen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, E. Beiser, S. BenZvi, P. Berghaus , et al. (869 additional authors not shown) Abstract: We have conducted three searches for correlations between ultra-high energy cosmic rays detected by the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory, and high-energy neutrino candidate events from IceCube. Two cross-correlation analyses with UHECRs are done: one with 39 cascades from the IceCube high-energy starting events' sample and the other with 16 high-energy `track events'. The angular… ▽ More Submitted 6 November, 2015; originally announced November 2015. Comments: one proceeding, the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July - 6 August 2015, The Hague, The Netherlands; will appear in PoS(ICRC2015) 46. arXiv:1511.01350 [pdf, other Searches for Relativistic Magnetic Monopoles in IceCube Authors: IceCube Collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, K. Abraham, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, M. Archinger, C. Arguelles, T. C. Arlen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, E. Beiser, P. Berghaus, D. Berley , et al. (284 additional authors not shown) Abstract: Various extensions of the Standard Model motivate the existence of stable magnetic monopoles that could have been created during an early high-energy epoch of the Universe. These primordial magnetic monopoles would be gradually accelerated by cosmic magnetic fields and could reach high velocities that make them visible in Cherenkov detectors such as IceCube. Equivalently to electrically charged… ▽ More Submitted 21 December, 2015; v1 submitted 4 November, 2015; originally announced November 2015. Comments: Submitted to EPJ-C Journal ref: EPJ C76 (2016) 133 47. arXiv:1510.09217 [pdf, other BICEP2 / Keck Array VI: Improved Constraints On Cosmology and Foregrounds When Adding 95 GHz Data From Keck Array Authors: Keck Array, BICEP2 Collaborations, :, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, R. W. Aikin, K. D. Alexander, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, R. Bowens-Rubin, J. A. Brevik, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, B. P. Crill, L. Duband, C. Dvorkin, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, J. Grayson, M. Halpern, S. Harrison , et al. (38 additional authors not shown) Abstract: We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the BICEP2 & Keck Array CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season. This includes the first Keck Array observations at 95 GHz. The maps reach a depth of 50 nK deg in Stokes$Q$and$U\$ in the 150 GHz band and 127 nK deg in the 95 GHz band. We take auto- and cross-spectra between these maps and publicly availab… ▽ More
Submitted 14 March, 2016; v1 submitted 30 October, 2015; originally announced October 2015.
Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 031302 (2016)
48. arXiv:1510.05228 [pdf, other
IceCube-Gen2 - The Next Generation Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole: Contributions to ICRC 2015
Authors: The IceCube-Gen2 Collaboration, :, M. G. Aartsen, K. Abraham, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, M. Archinger, C. Arguelles, T. C. Arlen, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, X. Bai, I. Bartos, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus , et al. (316 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: Papers submitted to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015, The Hague) by the IceCube-Gen2 Collaboration. ▽ More
Submitted 9 November, 2015; v1 submitted 18 October, 2015; originally announced October 2015.
Comments: 85 pages, 52 figures, Papers submitted to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, The Hague 2015, v2 has a corrected author list
49. arXiv:1510.05227 [pdf, other
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory - Contributions to ICRC 2015 Part V: Neutrino Oscillations and Supernova Searches
Authors: The IceCube Collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, K. Abraham, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, M. Archinger, C. Arguelles, T. C. Arlen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, E. Beiser, S. BenZvi, P. Berghaus , et al. (290 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: Papers on neutrino oscillations and supernova searches submitted to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015, The Hague) by the IceCube Collaboration. ▽ More
Submitted 9 November, 2015; v1 submitted 18 October, 2015; originally announced October 2015.
Comments: 20 pages, 13 figures, Papers submitted to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, The Hague 2015, v2 has a corrected author list
50. arXiv:1510.05226 [pdf, other
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory - Contributions to ICRC 2015 Part IV: Searches for Dark Matter and Exotic Particles
Authors: The IceCube Collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, K. Abraham, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, M. Archinger, C. Arguelles, T. C. Arlen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, E. Beiser, S. BenZvi, P. Berghaus , et al. (290 additional authors not shown)
Abstract: Papers on searches for dark matter and exotic particles submitted to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015, The Hague) by the IceCube Collaboration. ▽ More
Submitted 9 November, 2015; v1 submitted 18 October, 2015; originally announced October 2015.
Comments: 72 pages, 46 figues, Papers submitted to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, The Hague 2015, v2 has a corrected author list
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https://www.r-bloggers.com/2017/01/cross-validation-of-topic-modelling/
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Want to share your content on R-bloggers? click here if you have a blog, or here if you don't.
## Determining the number of “topics” in a corpus of documents
In my last post I finished by topic modelling a set of political blogs from 2004. I made a passing comment that it’s a challenge to know how many topics to set; the R topicmodels package doesn’t do this for you. There’s quite a discussion on this out there, but nearly all the extant approaches amount to fitting your model with lots of different values of k (where k is the number of latent topics to identify) and seeing which is “best”. Naturally, this begs the question of what is meant by “best”.
A literature has grown around this question, and the convenient ldatuning R package by Nikita Murzintcev provides metrics using four of the methods. A helpful vignette shows this in action with the AssociatedPress dataset of 2,246 articles and 10,473 words. This dataset was presented at the First Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-1) in 1992 and is distributed with several of the commonly used R text-mining packages. The ldatuning approach is super-simple to run; here’s the all the code needed to fit calculate three of the measures for a range of different topic numbers from 10 to 350. To save computational effort, I omitted a fourth method that the vignette shows not to work well with this particular data.
and here’s the results.
OK, pretty convincing, and a good literature behind it to justify these methods. The various methods agree that somewhere between 90 and 140 topics is optimal for this dataset. Time consuming, but rigorous. The code above took 10 hours to run on an old machine with four CPUs. The ldatuning documentation has references and links to the underlying articles.
## Cross-validation
The abstracts of the (mostly paywalled unfortunately) articles implemented by ldatuning look like the metrics they suggest are based on assessing maximising likelihood, minimising Kullback-Leibler divergence or similar, using the same dataset that the model was trained on (rather than cross-validation).
While I was researching this I came across this question on Stack Overflow as well as a few mentions elsewhere on the web of cross-validation of topic models to choose optimal number of topics. As part of my familiarisation with the whole approach to topic modelling I decided to look further into this. For example, the vignette for topicmodels says the number of topics in their worked example was chosen by 10-fold cross-validation, but doesn’t say how this was done other than pointing out that it is possible in “a few lines of R code”.
A more complete description is given in this conference paper by Zhao, Chen, Perkins, Liu, Ge, Ding and Zou:
“Lacking such a heuristic to choose the number of topics, researchers have no recourse beyond an informed guess or time-consuming trial and error evaluation. For trial and error evaluation, an iterative approach is typical based on presenting different models with different numbers of topics, normally developed using cross-validation on held-out document sets, and selecting the number of topics for which the model is least perplexed by the test sets… Using the identified appropriate number of topics, LDA is performed on the whole dataset to obtain the topics for the corpus. We refer to this as the perplexity-based method. Although the perplexity-based method may generate meaningful results in some cases, it is not stable and the results vary with the selected seeds even for the same dataset.”
The key idea of cross-validation is that you divide the data into different numbers of subsets - conventionally 5 or 10, let’s say 5 from now on - and take turns at using one of the five as a validation set while the remaining four are used as a training set. This way each data point gets one turn as part of the hold-out validation, and four turns as part of the training set. It’s useful for assessing the overall validity of the model on data that wasn’t involved in its training, and also for identifying good values of tuning hyper-parameters. For today, I want to use it to find the best value of the number of topics hyperparameter “k”.
I’m going to use the perplexity measure for the applicability of a topic model to new data. Perplexity is a measure of how well a probability model predicts a sample. Given the perplexity function comes in the topicmodels R package and is the obvious way supplied to test a trained model on new data, I think this is most likely what Grun and Hornick did for cross-validation in the topicmodels vignette; and it is mentioned by Zhao et al as the method used in “time-consuming trial and error evaluation”. I’m not particularly worried for now about what Zhao et al say about the stability of cross-validation with perplexity; I might come back to that in a later post (my intuition is that this is unlikely to be a problem, but I’ll want to check that some time!).
Let’s do this one step at a time, building up to the full cross-validation at different values of k:
• first, I’m going to do validation (not cross-validation), on a single hold-out set of one fifth of the data, at a single value of k
• then I’m going to use cross-validation at a single value of k
• finally I’m going to use cross-validation at many values of k
Cross-validation is very computing-intensive and embarrassingly parallel so I’m going to parallelize the second and third of the efforts above.
### Simple validation with a single number of topics
For the simple validation, I make a single train_set version of 75% of rows from the AssociatedPress document-term-matrix, randomly chosen; and a valid_set of the remaining 25%. The model is fit with the LDA function, and then (final two lines of code in the chunk below) I estimate how perplexed the resulting model is with both the training data set and the validation set.
Perplexity was 2728 on the training data, and a much higher 4280 on the validation set. This is to be expected - the model has been fit to the training set and naturally finds the new validation data more perplexing - that’s the whole reason for confronting a model with fresh data. BTW, to check whether this was impacted on by the number of documents, I also tried the above with equally sized training and validation sets and got similar results.
### Cross validation with a single number of topics
Next step is do the validation, with a single value of k, but splitting the data into five so each row of the data gets a turn in the validation set. Here’s how I did that:
The results aren’t particularly interesting - just 5 numbers - so I won’t show here.
### Cross validation with many candidate numbers of topics
Finally, we now do this cross-validation many times, with different values of the number of latent topics to estimate. Here’s how I did that:
This took 75 minutes to run on a modern machine (different to that used for ldatuning) when I stopped the candidate_k at 100. When I added the final values of 200 and 300 to candidate_k it took 210 minutes. I did notice that towards the end, not all processors were being used at maximum capacity, which suggests the way I’ve parallelised it may not be optimal.
Exactly how number of documents, topics and words contribute to the time cost of fitting a topic model is a subject for a future post I think.
Here’s the results from the cross-validation using perplexity:
We get something that at least is consistent with the measures from the ldatuning package; there’s a distinct flattening out of the cross-validated perplexity somewhere between 50 and 200 topics. By the time we have 200 topics there has definitely been over-fitting, and the model is starting to get worse when tested on the hold-out validation sets. There’s still judgement required as to exactly how many topics to use, but 100 looks a good consensus number that all three methods tried from ldatuning support as well as the perplexity cross-validation measure.
## Presentation of final model
I opted to fit a model with 90 topics. Here’s an animation of the results:
Code for creating the animation:
## A small note on topicmodels in linux.
In writing this post I used both Windows and Linux (Ubuntu) machines, and it was my first time using the R topicmodels pacakge on Linux. I had some frustrations getting it installed; basically the same problem with missing GNU Scientific Library in this blog post and this Stack Overflow Q&A.
The trick was I needed not just gsl-bin but also libsg10-dev. Also the mpfr library which is “a GNU portable C library for arbitrary-precision binary floating-point computation with correct rounding, based on GNU Multi-Precision Library.” In Ubuntu:
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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/electric-flux-from-line-charge-through-plane-strip.197055/
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# Electric flux from line charge through plane strip
1. Nov 9, 2007
### Natique
Hey there! :)
1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
A uniform line charge with linear charge density = 6nC/m is situated coincident with the x-axis. Find the electric flux per unit length of line passing through a plane strip extending in the x direction with edges at y=1, z=0, and y=1, z=5.
The final answer is 1.31 nC/m. Only problem is I have no idea how to get it.
2. Relevant equations
integral of D.ds over a closed surface = electric flux = Q enclosed.
3. The attempt at a solution
Attached
I'm sure the answer is really obvious, but I'm just not seeing it. I attached two solutions, but I actually attempted about 6 other ways, all of which are so pathetically illogical I'd really rather not post them. Anyway any help would be reeeeeeeeally appreciated! And it's not a homework question, so it'd be awesome if you could walk me through it step by step.
Edit: Do you think this should be in the advanced physics subforum? :S
#### Attached Files:
• ###### my solution.zip
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6.4 KB
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Last edited: Nov 9, 2007
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http://openstudy.com/updates/5080287ce4b0b8b0cacd8794
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## owenmisa123 Group Title [4.06] Write the equation of the line in slope-intercept form that passes through the points (-2, 6) and (-1, 4). y = -2x + 5 y = 2x - 3 y = 2x + 6 y = -2x + 2 2 years ago 2 years ago Edit Question Delete Cancel Submit
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1. owenmisa123
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@Heather_94 @hartnn
• 2 years ago
2. owenmisa123
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@sauravshakya @satellite73 @sasogeek
• 2 years ago
3. owenmisa123
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@mathslover
• 2 years ago
4. owenmisa123
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Help please I think it is the last one
• 2 years ago
5. owenmisa123
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@mattfeury
• 2 years ago
6. owenmisa123
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@TheWriter
• 2 years ago
7. owenmisa123
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@estudier
• 2 years ago
8. sasogeek
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do you know how to find the slope when 2 points are given?
• 2 years ago
9. owenmisa123
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Yeah the slope is 2
• 2 years ago
10. owenmisa123
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• 2 years ago
11. owenmisa123
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is the answer the last one
• 2 years ago
12. owenmisa123
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@hashsam1
• 2 years ago
13. owenmisa123
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HELPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
• 2 years ago
14. mathslover
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You can verify it @owenmisa123 , did you try to do that?
• 2 years ago
15. mathslover
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put the values in the fourth option that you got (y=-2x+1) of : i) y = 6 and x = -2 y = -2x + 2 ii) y = 4 and x = -1 y =-2x + 2
• 2 years ago
16. mathslover
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if you get : LHS + RHS , then you are right *(LHS --> left hand side and RHS --> Right Hand Side)
• 2 years ago
17. sasogeek
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$$\frac{\huge y-4}{\huge x+1}=\huge 2$$ solve for y
• 2 years ago
18. owenmisa123
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thank you guise
• 2 years ago
19. ChmE
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The slope is -2, watch your signs
• 2 years ago
20. hashsam1
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formula of slope = y2-y1/x2-x1 4-6/-1-(-2) = -2/+1 = -2 y=mx+x = general equation of line select any one point first and find value of C 4=-1*2 +c 4=-2+c 6=c now put value of c and m y=mx+c y=+2x+6
• 2 years ago
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https://listserv.uni-heidelberg.de/cgi-bin/wa?A2=LATEX-L;927910e5.9811&FT=M&P=T&H=N&S=b
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## [email protected]
Options: Use Classic View Use Proportional Font Show HTML Part by Default Show All Mail Headers Topic: [<< First] [< Prev] [Next >] [Last >>]
Re: pattern matching in LaTeX Marcel Oliver <[log in to unmask]> Mon, 9 Nov 1998 13:34:28 +0100 text/plain (28 lines) Sebastian Rahtz wrote: > not being a mathematician, i am not sure how to comment on this. i had > just assumed that publishing "logical" math is a Good Thing I guess the problem is not whether math is logical, but that published math contains a lot of omissions or jumps which people who work in the field know how to fill in. This is a necessary mechanism for optimal human-to-human communication. > > ones that drive mathematical innovation. Thus, having data formats > > which are optimized for presentation, and others which are optimized for > > machine processing of the logical content is, > i take the point that you need both, that we cannot get rid of > presentation math, because it performs a valuable function. but for > the *default*, low-class, mass-market math, surely you'd agree that > content markup is desirable? surely school textbook math should have > not have \hspace s in? Absolutely. I guess on this level things are, at least in principle, taken care of by LaTeX, so I assume we are talking about one step further: That, at present, I cannot take a piece of LaTeX code, read it unambiguously into Mathematica and work with it. (I am using this just as an example because I am most familiar with the two, but I guess everybody can replace these by their favorite systems...) Marcel
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http://aga2012.wikidot.com/study-coordinates
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Study Coordinates
$\def\<{\langle} \def\>{\rangle} \newcommand{\p}{\partial} \newcommand{\x}{{\boldsymbol{x}}} \newcommand{\y}{{\boldsymbol{y}}} \newcommand{\A}{{\mathbb{A}}} \renewcommand{\P}{{\mathbb{P}}} \newcommand{\V}{{\mathbb{V}}} \newcommand{\G} {{\mathbb{G}}} \newcommand{\Gr}{{\operatorname{Gr}}} \def\Grob{Gr\"obner} \newcommand{\bC}{{\mathbb{C}}} \newcommand{\bR}{{\mathbb{R}}} \newcommand{\bN}{{\mathbb{N}}} \newcommand{\bQ}{{\mathbb{Q}}} \newcommand{\bH}{{\mathbb{H}}} \newcommand{\MM}{{\bf{M2}}}$
Recall that a pair $(e,g)\in \bH\times\bH$ lying on the Study quadric $S\subset \bR\P^7$ define the pair $(p,C) \in SE(3) = \bR^3\times SO(3)$:
(1)
\begin{align} p &= ge'/ee' \\ Cv &= eve'/ee' \end{align}
1. Find the matrix $C$ in terms of $e_0,e_1,e_2,e_3$.
2. Verify that the above construction gives an isomorphism of $S\setminus\V(ee')$ and $SE(3)$. (Express $(e,v)$ in terms of $(p,C)$.)
### Hints
1. Several lines of code in M2 using the quaternion type in platforms.m2 should do this: see what $Cv$ is for $v=i,j,k$.
2. Note that $g$ can be found as long as $e$ is known.
### Solution
1. Set $e = e_{0} + e_{1} i + e_{2} j + e_{3} k$ and $g = g_{0} + g_{1} i + g_{2} j + g_{3} k$ and $v = v_{1} i + v_{2} j + v_{3} k$.
Compute the RHS of the equation $Cv = eve'/ ee'$ using Mathematica. They have a Quaternions package that works well with symbolic computation.
The LHS is matrix multiplication where we view $v \in \mathbb{R}^{3}$ as a column vector. Denote $C \in \mathbb{R}^{3 \times 3}$ as:
(2)
\begin{eqnarray} \nonumber C = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} & c_{12} & c_{13} \\ c_{21} & c_{22} & c_{23} \\ c_{31} & c_{32} & c_{33} \end{bmatrix} \ \end{eqnarray}
We will have three linear equations in the variables $v_{1}, v_{2}, v_{3}$. The defining equations for $C$ in terms of $e_{0},e_{1},e_{2},e_{3}$ are found by comparing coefficients. Thus,
(3)
\begin{eqnarray} \nonumber C = \frac{1}{e_{0}^{2} + e_{1}^{2} + e_{2}^{2} + e_{3}^{2}} \begin{bmatrix} e_{0}^{2} + e_{1}^{2} - (e_{2}^{2} + e_{3}^{2}) & 2(e_{1}e_{2}-e_{0}e_{3}) & 2(e_{0}e_{2} + e_{1}e_{3})\\ 2(e_{1}e_{2} + e_{0}e_{3}) & e_{0}^{2}-e_{1}^{2} + e_{2}^{2} -e_{3}^{2} & -2(e_{0}e_{1} + e_{2}e_{3})\\ -2(e_{0}e_{2} + e_{1}e_{3}) & 2(e_{0}e_{1} + e_{2}e_{3}) & e_{0}^{2} - e_{1}^{2} - e_{2}^{2} + e_{3}^{2} \end{bmatrix} \end{eqnarray}
### Discussion
• What is a Study quadric?
$e_0g_0+e_1g_1+e_2g_2+e_3g_3 = 0$
• What does apostrophe mean (as in $e'$)?
It means conjugation of quaternions, i.e. given $(q_0,q_1,q_2,q_3)\in\mathbb{R}^4$, then
(4)
$$(q_0+q_1 i+q_2 j + q_3 k)'=q_0-q_1 i-q_2 j - q_3 k$$
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http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13497508/showing-git-branch-in-conemu
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# Showing git branch in ConEMU
Is there a way to show the branch in git somewhere visually (background or similiar) in ConEmu?
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Background? Similar? Where do you want to see branch? What shell at last? – Maximus Nov 21 '12 at 18:38
Disclaimer #1
ConEmu is not a shell, so it does not provide "shell features" like tab-completion, command history and others.
Usually, Git information like branch or amount of changes is displayed in the command line prompt, for example C:\path\to\repository [branch|+2~4-6]>. This is done by the executing shell, not the console frame.
As far as I know, the standard Windows command prompt (CMD) does not support modifying that. The bash that comes with Git for Windows already supports that perfectly though; and for PowerShell there are numerous extensions for Git, most notably posh-git.
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Git branch can be visible in plain cmd or Far Manager prompt.
All magic is done with special ANSI sequences ("Inject ConEmuHk" and "ANSI X3.64 ..." options must be checked). I Run GitShowBranch /i to install showing branch, GitShowBranch /u to uninstall.
Also, you may run your cmd as following (within Task contents or ConEmu's Command line)
cmd /k ver & GitShowBranch /i
PS. File GitShowBranch exists in ConEmu's distro, but you may see it online.
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+1, and this should become the new accepted answer – stijn Apr 30 at 12:18
Is there any way to customize the branch name? By default its the local name plus an elipsis plus the remote name. WAY TOO MUCH! I just want the local branch name. – Tyrsius Jun 19 at 1:24
Can't detect ellipsis, but can drop tail from first found dot. – Maximus Jun 19 at 13:36
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https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2004/11/working-paper-2004-43/
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# Real Return Bonds, Inflation Expectations, and the Break-Even Inflation Rate
Available as: PDF
According to the Fisher hypothesis, the gap between Canadian nominal and Real Return Bond yields (or break-even inflation rate) should be a good measure of inflation expectations. The authors find that this measure was higher, on average, and more variable than survey measures of inflation expectations between 1992 and 2003. They examine whether risk premiums and distortions embedded in this interest rate gap can account for these facts. Their results indicate that distortions were likely an important reason for the high level and variation of this measure over much of the 1990s. There is little evidence that the distortions examined were as important between 2000 and 2003, but the high level of the break-even inflation rate in 2004 may be evidence of their return. Given the potential distortions, and the difficulty in identifying them, the authors conclude that it is premature to consider this measure a reliable gauge of monetary policy credibility. In addition, it is not as useful as competing tools for short- and medium-term inflation forecasting.
JEL Code(s): E, E3, E31, E4, E43
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https://cses.fi/problemset/task/1196/
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CSES - Flight Routes
• Time limit: 1.00 s
• Memory limit: 512 MB
Your task is to find the $k$ shortest flight routes from Syrjälä to Metsälä. A route can visit the same city several times.
Note that there can be several routes with the same price and each of them should be considered (see the example).
Input
The first input line has three integers $n$, $m$, and $k$: the number of cities, the number of flights, and the parameter $k$. The cities are numbered $1,2,\ldots,n$. City 1 is Syrjälä, and city $n$ is Metsälä.
After this, the input has $m$ lines describing the flights. Each line has three integers $a$, $b$, and $c$: a flight begins at city $a$, ends at city $b$, and its price is $c$. All flights are one-way flights.
You may assume that there are at least $k$ distinct routes from Syrjälä to Metsälä.
Output
Print $k$ integers: the prices of the $k$ cheapest routes sorted according to their prices.
Constraints
• $2 \le n \le 10^5$
• $1 \le m \le 2 \cdot 10^5$
• $1 \le a,b \le n$
• $1 \le c \le 10^9$
• $1 \le k \le 10$
Example
Input:
4 6 3 1 2 1 1 3 3 2 3 2 2 4 6 3 2 8 3 4 1
Output:
4 4 7
Explanation: The cheapest routes are $1 \rightarrow 3 \rightarrow 4$ (price $4$), $1 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 3 \rightarrow 4$ (price $4$) and $1 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 4$ (price $7$).
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http://mathhelpforum.com/number-theory/222141-rational-number-proof-print.html
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# Rational number proof
• September 21st 2013, 09:33 AM
euphony
Rational number proof
I'm supposed to prove that log(m)/log(n) is rational if and only if there is some integer k such that m and n (which are integers) are powers of k.
It's an "if and only if" proof, so there are two parts:
a) Show that the existence of said integer k implies that log(m)/log(n) is rational. I did this, but I don't understand how to do the second part:
b) Show that log(m)/log(n) being rational implies that there is some integer k such that m and n are powers of k.
If log(m)/log(n) is rational, it can be represented as a/b where a and b are integers and b is not 0. log(m)/log(n) = a/b implies that m^b = n^a.
But I don't know where to go from there.
• September 21st 2013, 10:49 AM
HallsofIvy
Re: Rational number proof
Quote:
Originally Posted by euphony
I'm supposed to prove that log(m)/log(n) is rational if and only if there is some integer k such that m and n (which are integers) are powers of k.
It's an "if and only if" proof, so there are two parts:
a) Show that the existence of said integer k implies that log(m)/log(n) is rational. I did this, but I don't understand how to do the second part:
b) Show that log(m)/log(n) being rational implies that there is some integer k such that m and n are powers of k.
If log(m)/log(n) is rational, it can be represented as a/b where a and b are integers and b is not 0.
And, a/b is reduced to lowest terms. That is, a and b have no factors in common.
Quote:
log(m)/log(n) = a/b implies that m^b = n^a.
But I don't know where to go from there.
m^b= n^a is the same as saying m= n^(a/b). Since m is an integer, so is n^(a/b) and since a and b have no common factors, so is n^(1/b). Let k= n^(1/b).
• September 21st 2013, 11:07 AM
euphony
Re: Rational number proof
Quote:
and since a and b have no common factors, so is n^(1/b)
I don't quite understand this.
• September 21st 2013, 02:40 PM
Plato
Re: Rational number proof
Quote:
Originally Posted by euphony
I don't quite understand this.
You you understand why $m=n^{\frac{a}{b}}~?$
If so, $m$ is an integer, therefore $n^{\frac{a}{b}}$ is also an integer.
But because $\frac{a}{b}}$ is reduced form that means $n^{\frac{1}{b}}$ must an integer.
Let $k=n^{\frac{1}{b}}$ so $m=k^a~\&~n=k^b$.
• September 22nd 2013, 06:48 AM
euphony
Re: Rational number proof
I don't understand why a and b having no common factors implies that n^(1/b) has to be an integer.
• September 22nd 2013, 09:02 AM
Plato
Re: Rational number proof
Quote:
Originally Posted by euphony
I don't understand why a and b having no common factors implies that n^(1/b) has to be an integer.
Oh come on. If you are going to work at this level then think at this level.
It is a matter of standard practice. If $\rho$ is a rational number then $\exists\{a,b\}\subset\mathbb{Z}$ such that $\text{GCD}(a,b)=1$ and $\rho=\frac{a}{b}$.
• September 22nd 2013, 09:28 AM
johng
Re: Rational number proof
Hi,
Maybe what you're missing is this fact: if b and c are integers greater than 1, then the bth root of c is integral iff for any prime p with pk exactly dividing c, b divides k. From this it immediately follows that if a and b are relatively prime with na/b an integer, then n1/b is an integer.
By the way, your original problem statement should have included the statement that m > 1, otherwise of course it's false. I think you should foster the habit of specifying the exact hypotheses of a statement.
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/304396/diophantine-sets
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Diophantine sets
I'm trying to show that the following sets are Diophantine:
1. $\{(x,y)\mid x \leq y\}$
2. $\{(x,y)\mid x < y\}$
3. $\{(x,y)\mid x\text{ divides }y\}$
4. $\{(x,y,z)\mid x\equiv y \pmod z\}$
5. $\{(x,y,z)\mid x = \gcd(y,z)\}$
So, the definition I am using is that a Set $S$ is diophantine if i) it is a subset of $n$ , the set of all $n$-tuples of positive integers, and ii) there is a polynomial $p$ over in $n+k$ variables, $k0$ , such that $x$ is an element of the set $S$ iff there is some y an element of Naturals^k , such that $p(x,y)=0$
So, my answer is that set 1 isn't diophantine since it is not a subset of n, since if we let $y = -2$ for example.
For set 2), it also isn't diophantine by the same reason as in #1
For set 3), it is since we let $k*x = y$, where $k$ is a positive number, but how to take care of the polynomial $p$ over $n+k$ variables?
For set 4, condition 1 is met, but I need some justification
and for set 5, it is also diophantine by the same reason as set 4.
Thanks.
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If you are going to post here regularly, may I suggest you learn a bit about how to format mathematics on this site (see the faq). For example, if I put dollar signs on either side of \{{(x,y)|x\le y\}}, I get $\{{(x,y)|x\le y\}}$. – Gerry Myerson Feb 14 '13 at 23:21
Also, is that supposed to be $k_0$? – Sniper Clown Feb 14 '13 at 23:22
I am surprised at the choice of positive integers. Almost universally in the field, variables range over the non-negative integers. Are you sure? Still doable, but things become more complicated. – André Nicolas Feb 14 '13 at 23:23
@Asaf, why have you discorrected my edits of the spelling of diophantine? – Gerry Myerson Feb 14 '13 at 23:29
@Asaf, you don't know what you're missing. My "Applications of higher cohomology to Latvian folkmusic of the 13th century" is a classic. – Gerry Myerson Feb 15 '13 at 2:26
As is traditional in the field, we let variables range over the non-negative integers. The definitions should not be hard to modify if we are restricted to quantification over the positive integers. Note that the answers use polynomial equations $P=0$, where some of the coefficients of $P$ may be negative. If we want to avoid negative coefficients, we can, by bringing all the negative stuff to one side, use $P^+=P^-$.
$1.$ For $x\le y$, use the formula $\exists u(x+u-y=0$. If you really insist on quantifying over positive integers only, say that $x=y$ or there exists a $u$ such that $x+u-y=0$. This can be expressed as $\exists u((x-y)(x+u-y)=0)$.
From here on we don't type the existential quantifiers.
$2.$ For $x\lt y$ use $x+1+u-y=0$. Here if we want $u$ to range over the positive integers, we can use the simpler $x+u-y=0$.
$3.$ For $x$ divides $y$, use $ux=y$.
$4.$ For congruence, there is the annoyance that $x-y$ may be positive, negative, or $0$. We can say that there exists $u$ such that $uz=x-y$ or $uz=y-x$. This can be written as there exists a $u$ such that $(uz-x+y)(uz+x-y)=0$.
$5.$ For gcd, say that $x$ divides $y$ and $x$ divides $z$ (we already know how to do these) and $x$ can be written as a linear combination of $y$ and $z$ (Bezout's Theorem).
To say linear combination, we can't quite say that there are $s$ and $t$ such that $sy+tz=x$, because almost always one of $s$ or $t$ will be negative. But we can sneak around that by saying there exist $s$ and $t$ such that $(sy-tz-x)(sy-tz-x)=0$.
Note that we have three conditions whose conjunction we want to assert. Use the fact that the polynomials $P$, $Q$, and $R$ are all $0$ at a certain place iff $P^2+Q^2+R^2=0$ at that place.
Remark: Your $x$, $y$ and so on implicitly range over the non-negative integers or the positive integers, according to local definition. So your choice of $y=-2$ is not allowed. It turns out that all recursively enumerable sunsets of $\mathbb{N}^n$ are Diophantine, so in particular all of the sets in your list will be. But what is asked for is an explicit construction for each.
Added: For the $\gcd$ predicate, putting the pieces together, a formula that one can use is $$\exists u\exists v\exists s\exists t\left((ux-y)^2 +(vx-z)^2 +((sy-tz-x)(sy-tz-x))^2=0\right).$$ Note again the use of product to say "or" and of sum of squares to say "and."
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@AndréNicolasI dont know what Bezout's theorem is. That was not in my book. Can you please help explain the problem and provide an explicit construction? – mary Feb 17 '13 at 7:57
The theorem is not always given a name. It says that if $\gcd(a,b)=d$ then there exist integers $x$ and $y$ such that $ax+b y=d$. The most frequently used case says that if the $\gcd$ is $1$, there exist integers $x$ and $y$ such that $ax+by=1$. I thought I wrote out instructions for explicit construction. Will add a line at end. For more detail about Bezout's Theorem, see any beginning number theory book, or Wikipedia. – André Nicolas Feb 17 '13 at 15:32
Still confused at how the work you did related to Diophatine characteristic. This is more of a computability question, can you please explain it along those lines? Thanks – mary Feb 18 '13 at 12:15
I do not understand your question. Assume it is about the gcd problem. I gave an explicit existential (Diophantine) definition of your gcd predicate. It is not a computability question, it is a question of representability in a certain form. Of course all computable predicates are so representable, by the result of M., but they want an explicit formula. The reason the expression works is because the gcd can be represented as a linear combination, and nothing smaller can be. – André Nicolas Feb 18 '13 at 12:29
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https://hbfs.wordpress.com/2016/09/
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## Weird binomial coefficients
27/09/2016
The binomial coefficients find great many uses in combinatorics, but also in calculus. The usual way we understand the binomial coefficients is
$\displaystyle \binom{n}{k}=\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}$,
where $n$ and $k$ are integers. But what do you do with $\displaystyle \binom{\frac{1}{2}}{k}$?! Is it even defined?
20/09/2016
Sometimes, you need to compute a function that’s complex, cumbersome, or which your favorite language doesn’t quite provide for. We may be interested in an exact implementation, or in a sufficiently good approximation. For the later, I often turn to Abramovitz and Stegun’s Handbook of Mathematical Function, a treasure trove of tables and approximations to hard functions. But how do they get all these approximations? The rational function approximations seemed the most mysterious of them all. Indeed, how can one come up with
$e^x \approx 1-0.9664x+0.3536x^2$
for $e^x$, for $0\leqslant x\leqslant\ln 2$?
Well, turns out, it’s hard work, but there’s a twist to it. Let’s see how it’s done!
13/09/2016
We’re so used to our positional notation system that we can’t really figure out how to write numbers in other systems. Most of the ancient systems are either tedious, complicated, or both. Zero, of course, plays a central role within that positional system. But is it indispensable?
In one of my classes, I discuss a lot of different numeration systems (like Egyptian, Babylonian, Roman and Greek) to explain why the positional system solves all, or at least most, of these systems’ problems. I even give the example of Shadok counting (in french) to show that the basis used isn’t that important (it still has to be greater than one, and, while not strictly necessary, preferably a positive integer). But can we write numbers in a positional system without zero?
## Serializing Trees
06/09/2016
Quite a while ago I discussed using flat arrays and address calculations to store a tree in a simple array. The trick wasn’t new (I think it’s due to Williams, 1964 [1]), but is only really practical when we consider heaps, or otherwise very well balanced trees. If you have a misshapen tree, that trick doesn’t help you. It doesn’t help you either if you try to serialize a misshapen tree to disk.
But what if we do want to serialize arbitrarily-shaped trees to disk? Is it painful? Fortunately, no! Let’s see how.
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http://mathoverflow.net/users/17901/pham-hung-quy?tab=reputation
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# Pham Hung Quy
less info
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bio website location Hanoi age 31 member for 3 years, 5 months seen Feb 6 at 6:00 profile views 1,069
I am interested in commutative algebra, especially, local cohomology and characteristic $p$ method.
# 1,197 Reputation
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+5 12:46 upvote On the computational complexity of the Hilbert polynomial of numerical semigroup rings
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-50 01:43 bounty On the computational complexity of the Hilbert polynomial of numerical semigroup rings
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+5 21:46 upvote On the computational complexity of the Hilbert polynomial of numerical semigroup rings
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https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/62992/why-does-ammonia-clean-scratches
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# Why does ammonia “clean” scratches?
I read that ammonia can be used to clean scratches of certain materials, for example from wedding rings. I was thinking about how this would work but I actually don't know. I suspect that the question I might have to ask is "what is a scratch" and that thus the reason for my misunderstanding comes from some ambiguity in what a scratch might be in the English language.
This is how I would phrase my understanding of a scratch: A scratch on a material is a place on which parts of the surface are removed, creating a "cut" in the surface. Thus there are less particles in one place than the surrounding.
Either way, that is pretty much how I imagine it. If this is the case, why does ammonia "remove" the scratch? Does the ammonia-water solution fill the crevice left and attach itself to the surrounding material, for example the gold. If the ammonia-water solution is transparent you would just see the gold underlying the scratch and it would seem to have "filled" the scratch. But for that to happen the ammonia would have to become solid, which does not happen at room temperatures.
Perhaps the reason why a deep cut can not be "cleaned" with the solution, whilst the small cuts can, is that the word "scratch" is used for two different physical phenomena.
I'm hoping to get a deeper understanding of what is actually happening to the material being cleaned by the water-ammonia solution. Or, perhaps, a link to a paper or other resource explaining what happens.
This seems more like folklore than a tested method. However, gold is extremely soft (malleable), and it must be alloyed with other metals to make it hard enough to survive wear as jewelry. Simply rubbing a gold item with a cloth, with or without "ammonia" (ammonium hydroxide, $\ce{NH4OH}$), is enough to polish the gold, i.e. relocate some gold particles to fill in the scratch.
BTW, "milk of magnesia", $\ce{Mg(OH)2}$, is an effective mildly abrasive scratch remover for some plastics, if rubbed very well with a soft cloth.
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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/newtons-law-of-cooling-help.140286/
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Homework Help: Newton's Law of Cooling Help
1. Oct 28, 2006
prace
I have a question about Newton's Law of cooling. Basically I understand that the equation,
http://album6.snapandshare.com/3936/45466/853596.jpg [Broken]
Comes from the DE, dT/dt = K(T-To)
Using this, I am to solve this problem:
A thermometer is taken from an inside room to the outside, where the air temperature is 5 °F. After 1 minute, the thermometer reads 55 °F, and after 5 minutes the reading is 30 °F. What is the initial temperature?
So to start, I solved for e^k...
http://album6.snapandshare.com/3936/45466/853597.jpg [Broken]
So now that I have e^k, what do I do? My guess is that A is the initial Temperature? But I am not sure and my text does not really explain it too well. So, basically, I guess I am asking, what is the constant A in the general formula mean? And if it is not the initial temperature, or initial condition, then what can I do next with this problem?
Last edited by a moderator: May 2, 2017
2. Oct 28, 2006
Rewrite it as $$y(t) = y_{0}e^{kt}$$ where $$y = T - 5$$.
So $$y(t) = y_{0}(\frac{1}{2})^{\frac{1}{4}t}$$
$$y(1) = y_{0}(\frac{1}{2})^{\frac{1}{4}}$$
Solve for $$y_{0}$$ and then get $$T_{0}$$
3. Oct 28, 2006
arildno
You now have:
$$A=50*(\frac{1}{2})^{-\frac{1}{4}}$$
The initial temperature is now found by computing T(0)
As for what A is, it is the DIFFERENCE between the initial temperature and the ambient temperature.
4. Oct 28, 2006
prace
So what you are saying here is that $$y_{0}$$ in your equation is $$T_{0}$$, which is the initial temperature?
5. Oct 28, 2006
prace
I don't think I am understanding this at all here... Sorry to put you through this, but, if A is the difference between the initial temperature and the ambient temperature, what is the variable for the initial temperature if $$T_{0}$$ is not the initial temperature, but the ambient temperature that arises as time gets very large or goes to infinity?
6. Oct 28, 2006
arildno
Let's start with the diff.eq, with an assigned initial temperature $T_{i}=T(0)[/tex], and an ambient temperature [itex]T_{0}[/tex] We have the diff.eq: $$\frac{dT}{dt}=k(T-T_{0}), T(0)=T_{i}$ Introduce the new variable: [tex]y(t)=T(t)-T_{0}\to\frac{dy}{dt}=\frac{dT}{dt}, y(0)=T_{i}-T_{0}$$
Thus, we have the diff.eq problem:
$$y(t)=ky, y(0)=T_{i}-T_{0}\to{y}(t)=(T_{i}-T_{0})e^{kt}$$
Thus, solving for T(t), we get:
$$T(t)=T_{0}+(T_{i}-T_{0})e^{kt}$$
or more obscurely:
$$T(t)=T_{0}+Ae^{kt}$$
where $A=T_{i}-T_{0}$
7. Oct 28, 2006
prace
$$T(t)=T_{0}+(T_{i}-T_{0})e^{kt}$$
Wow... This really made it clear here. Sorry for the obscure questions, but you really nailed it for me here. I am going to try a few problems in my text and see how they work out. Thanks again!!
8. Oct 29, 2006
prace
Ok, so I worked it out and I got ~ 64.5°. If anyone has the time, would you mind checking this for me as I don't have the answer to this in my text. Thanks!!
9. Oct 29, 2006
arildno
I haven't worked it out, but:
Start having confidence in yourself!
I'm sure you managed it all right.
10. Feb 19, 2010
Sarah12345
I don't understand how we find k in problems like this where no initial temperature is given.
Do you have to compare the temps at t=1 and t=5?
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-applied-math/51269-finding-distance-traveled-accelerometer-readings.html
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# Math Help - finding distance traveled from accelerometer readings
1. ## finding distance traveled from accelerometer readings
Hi There,
I would appreciate any suggestions you have..
I've got a sparkfun serial tri-axis accelerometer
SparkFun Electronics - Serial Accelerometer Tri-Axis v5 - Dongle
I would like to look at only the x axis data and over a given timeframe find the distance traveled from the accelerometery data.
It outputs..
X=-0.983 Y=1.227 Z=-0.007
X=-0.987 Y=1.223 Z=-0.013
...
at an adjustable 250x per second
These units are in g's, 1g = 9.8m/s^2
What method can I use to take these readings as they come in and at the end of the time period have single number for the distance traveled (m)?
Any ideas most welcome. Thanks
2. Well what you have are a periodic string of acceleration readings from the device between (0-590 Hz), so by recording the values over a period of time, you are essentially plotting an acceleration-time graph, for the x direction.
So what you need your software to do iis start recording data at a specified time $t_a$, and finish recording at another specified time $t_b$. Then to get back to the distance travelled, you need to integrate twice between $t_a$ and $t_b$.
Numerical integration is what pops to mind, (which would be very staightforward, knowing your fequency, and each of your acceleration values) but you'd need to integrate twice, so I'm not too sure there is a method for this.
All I can think is to somehow interpolate the points as a function $A(t)$ (which I can see being difficult), and then calculate $\int_{a}^{b}\int A(t) dt^2$.
Maybe someone else knows of some better methods. (You might do well to ask about it on a programming forum)
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http://blog.robindeits.com/2013/02/11/a-cryptic-crossword-clue-solver/
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A Cryptic Crossword Clue Solver
Updated: December 26, 2013 » More Cryptic Crosswords
I really enjoy crosswords, and over the last year I've come to enjoy cryptic (or British-style) crosswords even more. Each cryptic clue consists of a definition part, which behaves a lot like a regular crossword clue, and wordplay part, which might consist of anagrams, initials, synonyms, reversals, acrostics, and other tricks. For example, here's a pretty easy cryptic clue:
Initially babies are naked. (4)
The (4) is the length of the answer, which is BARE. Don't be fooled by the meaning of the whole clue; it's actually designed to be intentionally distracting. The key to solving this clue is to figure out the wordplay: "Initially" is actually a hint to take the first letter of "babies," which gives "b". If we combine "b" with "are" (from the clue), we get "bare", which means "naked," and is thus the answer. Confused yet? Let's try another:
Sat up, interrupting sibling's balance (6)
The answer is STASIS. How did we get there? Well, this was a Down clue, so "Sat up" means we should reverse "sat" to get "tas". For "sibling," we'll try "sis" (as in "sister"), and we'll take "interrupting" to mean that "tas" goes inside "sis". That gives "stasis," which means "balance." The definition part of the clue is "balance" and the wordplay is "Sat up, interrupting sibling". We know we have a good answer when the wordplay and the definition match.
After spending many, many hours doing cryptic crosswords, I began to notice patterns in the way the wordplays and definitions worked, and I realized that I might be able to create an automatic solver for cryptic clues. A few months later, I have a working version that can solve many cryptic clues very effectively. It's often faster and smarter than I am, and it makes a fun tool to play with while I'm solving. Here are its answers for the two clues given above:
'initially' means to take a substring of 'babies' to get B.
'naked' is the definition.
Combine 'b' and 'are' to get BARE.
BARE matches 'naked' with confidence score 100%.
and
'up' means to reverse 'sat' to get TAS.
Take a synonym of 'siblings' to get SIS.
'interrupting' means to insert 'tas' and 'sis' to get STASIS.
'balance' is the definition.
STASIS matches 'balance' with confidence score 100%.
If you just want to play with it, you can try it out at cryptic-solver.appspot.com, and you can see the source code here: https://github.com/rdeits/cryptics. Otherwise, read on.
Background
Each cryptic clue consists of two parts: a definition and a wordplay, but the distinction between those two parts is intentionally obscured. Both parts of the clue, however, describe the same word, so we can be very confident in our answer if it matches the wordplay and the definition well. Here are a few more examples:
Spin broken shingle. (7)
The answer here is ENGLISH. The definition is "Spin", and the wordplay is "broken shingle". "Broken" is an indicator to take an anagram, and an anagram of "shingle" is "english". In tennis, "english" can mean "spin", so it's the answer.
Throw out second-rate prevention measure? (6)
This one's much trickier: the answer is BOUNCE. The definition is "Throw out". "Second-rate" gives "B" (as in the letter grade) and "prevention measure" gives "ounce" (as in "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure"). Putting them together, we get "bounce."
She literally describes high society (5)
The answer is ELITE. "High society" is the definition, and "describes" tells us to look for a word hidden within another phrase. If we look in "She literally", we can find "elite" (shE LITErally).
Solving Cryptics
When I try to solve a cryptic clue, I am performing a search over a few dimensions. First, the definition word must be identified. This is always the first or last element in the clue, but it may consist of more than one word. The remainder of the clue is the wordplay, and it has a lot of possible structures. Each word in the wordplay can do one of several possible things:
1. literal: The word itself
2. synonym: A synonym of the word
3. first: The first letter of the word
4. null: Nothing (some words are just filler)
5. function indicator: Indicates a particular manipulation of some other word in the wordplay
Function indicators are by far the most complex type. There are many functions which can combine and alter words in the wordplay. Some of the most common are substrings (taking part of a word), anagrams (rearranging a word), and reversals. Each function which is applied in the wordplay has an indicator which identifies the function. For example, in
Returning regal drink (5)
"Returning" is an indicator to try a reversal, and if we reverse "regal", we get "lager", a type of beer and thus a good synonym for "drink".
Wordplay functions are hierarchical, so some functions can operate on the output of others. For example, a more complex clue:
Join trio of astronomers in marsh (6)
The definition is "Join". "marsh" gives a synonym, "fen". "Trio of" is a function indicator, which tells us to take a substring of "astronomers", giving "ast". "in" is also a function indicator, telling us to put "ast" inside of "fen" to give "fasten", which means "Join", so the answer is FASTEN.
It's much easier to see this if we write it out as a hierarchy:
(reverse,
(literal, 'regal') -> 'regal'
) -> 'lager'
(insert,
(substring of, 'astronomers') -> 'ast',
(synonym of, 'marsh') -> 'fen')
) -> 'fasten
This begins to suggest a method for solving cryptic clues with software. If we can define all of the available functions and the ways they can combine, then we can search over all possible wordplays for a given clue. If we find a wordplay which gives a good match to the definition, then we have a good candidate answer.
How the Solver Works
"Do the stupidest thing that could possibly work"
Rather than trying to predict the way a particular clue will be solved from its text alone, the solver attempts to try all remotely possible solutions for a given clue, then scores them by how well their answers match the clue. To do that, I make some assumptions:
1. A clue always consists of two parts: a definition and a wordplay component.
2. The definition is always the first or last phrase in the clue.
3. The wordplay consists of combinations of known functions, such as substrings, anagrams, synonyms, reversals, insertions, etc.
4. The structure of a cryptic crossword clue can be reasonably well-approximated by a fairly restricted CFG (context-free grammar) and can be parsed into a syntactic tree using that grammar.
In practice, these assumptions are pretty good.
The Context-Free Grammar Parser
A CFG is a way of specifying the allowable structures of a series of tokens. In linguistics, those tokens are words and the structures are things like noun phrases, adjective phrases, sentences, prepositional phrases, and so on. The CFG specifies the rules about how those structures can be formed and combined. For example, in English, we might have a rule that says: "A sentence consists of a noun phrase and a verb", and another that says "A noun phrase consists of the word 'the' and a noun". If we have a list of nouns and verbs, then we can make lots of valid English sentences using these rules, like "The cat sleeps" and "The man runs" and "The elephant commiserates". Obviously, we haven't covered all of English yet: to do that, we would need to add a lot more rules and ways for parts of a sentence to combine.
We can create a similar structure for cryptic crossword clues. For example, we can define a rule which says: "an anagram consists of an anagram indicator and a literal word". That covers the structure in Spin broken shingle, where "broken" was the anagram indicator and "shingle" was the literal word. We can build up similar rules for insertions, reversals, substrings, and so on, and by doing so we can describe all the allowable structures of a cryptic clue.
Solving a Clue
To solve a clue, the solver first determines all possible ways to combine words from the clue into phrases (where a "phrase" is one or more words connected by underscores). For example, one phrasing of the clue "Initially babies are naked" is ["initially", "babies", "are", "naked], another is ["initially", "babiesare", "naked"], and another is ["initially", "babiesare_naked"]
Next, the definition of the clue is chosen to be the first or last phrase (both possibilities are fully explored by the solver). Finally, the remaining words are passed into the wordplay CFG to determine all of the ways that each word could be used.
For each phrasing, we use the CFG to generate all possible syntactic structures for those words. The CFG is very lenient about allowing words to have a variety of meanings, but it does have lists of common function indicators, which it uses to eliminate unlikely parses. For example, "initially" is almost always a substring indicator, so it will almost certainly not act as an anagram or reversal indicator.
Here are a few structures for "initially", "babies", "are", "naked"]:
(top,
(substring,
(substring indicator, 'initially'),
(literal, 'babies')),
(literal, 'are'),
(definition, 'naked')
)
'top' is just a label for the top-level structure of every cryptic clue.
This structure says: "combine a substring of "babies" with "are" to get a word that means "naked"".
(top,
(definition, 'initially'),
(substring
(reverse,
(literal, 'babies'),
(reversal indicator, 'are')),
(substring indicator, 'naked')
)
This means: "reverse "babies" and then take a substring to get a word which means "initially".
(top,
(definition, 'initially'),
(anagram
(anagram indicator, 'babies')
(literal, 'are'))
(first letter, 'naked'))
)
This means: "anagram "are", then add the first letter of "naked" to get a word which means "initially".
And so on. Following the CFG will give us many, many possible structures, most of which are totally unreasonable. So how do we sort through those structures? The answer is, essentially, to evaluate each structure and see if it can produce an answer. Let's go through each of the three example structures above:
(top,
(substring,
(substring indicator, 'initially'),
(literal, 'babies')),
(literal, 'are'),
(definition, 'naked')
)
For the substring, we will try all possible substrings of "babies" and combine each one with "are". Most of those will not give us words which have the correct number of letters (4), but one will: "b" + "are" = "bare". This gives us "bare" as a possible answer.
(top,
(definition, 'initially'),
(substring
(reverse,
(literal, 'babies'),
(reversal indicator, 'are')),
(substring indicator, 'naked')
)
Reversing "babies" gives "seibab". No substring of that will give us a 4-letter word, so this structure is definitely wrong.
(top,
(definition, 'initially'),
(anagram
(anagram indicator, 'babies')
(literal, 'are'))
(first letter, 'naked'))
)
Anagramming "are" gives, among other things, "ear", and adding the first letter of "naked" gives "ear" + "n" = "earn", which is a word. So "earn" is another possible answer.
Using the CFG to generate clue structures and the solving them gives us a long list of possible answers and the functions which produced them. How can we determine which structure (and thus which answer) is correct?
For now, I'm relying entirely on the brilliance of the Python Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK). Using the Wordnet corpus, which groups English words by related meanings, we can actually compute the similarity in meaning between pairs of words. Let's check the answers generated in the examples above.
The first structure gave us "bare" as the answer and "naked" as the definition. Using the Python NLTK, we compute that the similarity in meaning between "bare" and "naked" is 1 (the highest possible value), so "bare" is a very good answer.
The second structure gave no 4-letter answers, so we can move on.
The third structure gave "earn" as the answer and "initially" as the definition. The similarity in meaning between those words is only 0.4, which is quite low, so "earn" is probably not the answer.
Repeating this process for all the possible answers generated by all the possible parsings, we get a ranked list of answers to the clue, and thus we've created a functional, automatic, cryptic clue solver!
Internal Implementation
Originally, the solver was implemented in a mix of Python (for its fantastic Natural Language Toolkit) and Go (for its speed and concurrency). The web server, CFG parser, and answer scoring were implemented in Python, while the solving mechanics were all implemented in Go. The Go code ran as a subprocess spawned from Python and communicated over Stdin/Stdout. Structured clues, such as:
('top', (sub, ('sub_', 'initially'), ('lit', 'babies')), ('lit', 'are'), ('d', 'naked'))
were generated in Python and sent to the Go solver over Stdin, and solved structured clues, such as:
('top', ('sub', ('sub_', 'initially', ''), ('lit', 'babies', 'BABIES'), 'B'), ('lit', 'are', 'ARE'), ('d', 'naked', ''), 'BARE')
were returned from the Go solver to Python to have their answers scored and displayed.
However, I managed to pull a few clever tricks to reduce the amount of repeated computation and caching of answers which allowed me to implement the entire solver in Python without any loss of computing speed (actually, it got about 30% faster). So the system is now pure-Python and likely to stay that way for the immediate future.
Examples
Here are some more clues, along with the first two answers returned by the solver. Each answer is given along with its meaning similarity score (converted to a percentage) and the wordplay structures which created it. The plain-English descriptions of each structure are actually generated automatically by the solver.
Spin broken shingle (7)
english: 100%
100%: (top (d "spin") (ana (ana_ "broken") (lit "shingle") -> ENGLISH))
'spin' is the definition. 'broken' means to anagram 'shingle' to get ENGLISH.
ENGLISH matches 'spin' with confidence score 100%.
['english', 0.24, '(top (syn "spin" -> ENGLISH) (d "broken_shingle"))']
Take a synonym of 'spin' to get ENGLISH. 'broken_shingle' is the definition.
ENGLISH matches 'broken_shingle' with confidence score 24%.
violate: 33%
['violate', 0.3333333333333333, '(top (sub (sub_ "spin") (syn "broken" -> VIOLATED) -> VIOLATE) (d "shingle"))']
Take a synonym of 'broken' to get VIOLATED.
'spin' means to take a substring of 'violated' to get VIOLATE.
'shingle' is the definition. VIOLATE matches 'shingle' with confidence score 33%.
M's Rob Titon pitching slider? (10)
trombonist: 63%
['trombonist', 0.631578947368421, '(top (ana (lit "ms_rob_titon") (ana_ "pitching") -> TROMBONIST) (d "slider"))']
'pitching' means to anagram 'ms_rob_titon' to get TROMBONIST. 'slider' is the definition.
TROMBONIST matches 'slider' with confidence score 63%.
surcharges: 33%
['surcharges', 0.3333333333333333, '(top (d "ms") (syn "rob" -> SURCHARGE) (sub (sub_ "titon") (rev (syn "pitching" -> SLOPING) (rev_ "slider") -> GNIPOLS) -> S) -> SURCHARGES)']
'ms' is the definition. Take a synonym of 'rob' to get SURCHARGE.
Take a synonym of 'pitching' to get SLOPING.
'slider' means to reverse 'sloping' to get GNIPOLS.
'titon' means to take a substring of 'gnipols' to get S.
Combine 'surcharge' and 's' to get SURCHARGES.
SURCHARGES matches 'ms' with confidence score 33%.
Sat up, interrupting sibling's balance (6) s.....
stasis: 100%
[u'stasis', 1, u'(top (ins (rev (lit "sat") (rev_ "up") -> TAS) (ins_ "interrupting") (syn "siblings" -> SIS) -> STASIS) (d "balance"))']
'up' means to reverse 'sat' to get TAS. Take a synonym of 'siblings' to get SIS.
'interrupting' means to insert 'tas' and 'sis' to get STASIS.
'balance' is the definition. STASIS matches 'balance' with confidence score 100%.
[u'stasis', 1, u'(top (ana (lit "sat") (ana_ "up_interrupting") -> STA) (syn "siblings" -> SIS) (d "balance") -> STASIS)']
'up_interrupting' means to anagram 'sat' to get STA. Take a synonym of 'siblings' to get SIS.
'balance' is the definition. Combine 'sta' and 'sis' to get STASIS.
STASIS matches 'balance' with confidence score 100%.
sprout: 53%
['sprout', 0.5333333333333333, '(top (ins (sub (sub_ "sat") (syn "up" -> SPROUT) -> PROUT) (ins_ "interrupting") (first "siblings" -> S) -> SPROUT) (d "balance"))']
Take a synonym of 'up' to get SPROUT. 'sat' means to take a substring of 'sprout' to get PROUT.
Take the first letter of 'siblings' to get S.
'interrupting' means to insert 'prout' and 's' to get SPROUT. 'balance' is the definition.
SPROUT matches 'balance' with confidence score 53%.
Hungary's leader, stuffy and bald (8)
hairless: 100%
100%: (top (sub (lit "hungarys") (sub_ "leader") -> H) (syn "stuffy" -> AIRLESS) (null "and") (d "bald") -> HAIRLESS)
'leader' means to take a substring of 'hungarys' to get H.
Take a synonym of 'stuffy' to get AIRLESS. 'and' is a filler word.
'bald' is the definition. Combine 'h' and 'airless' to get HAIRLESS.
HAIRLESS matches 'bald' with confidence score 100%.
baldpate: 68%
68%: (top (d "hungarys_leader") (sub (sub_ "stuffy_and") (syn "bald" -> BALD_PATED) -> BALDPATE)
'hungarys_leader' is the definition. Take a synonym of 'bald' to get BALD_PATED.
'stuffy_and' means to take a substring of 'bald_pated' to get BALDPATE.
BALDPATE matches 'hungarys_leader' with confidence score 68%.
Try It!
All the source code for the solver is available on github.com/rdeits/cryptics. I also have an experimental version hosted through Google AppSpot at cryptic-solver.appspot.com (the hosted solver takes a minute or two to start up, so please be patient). I'd be very interested to hear if this tool ends up being useful for anyone.
11 February 2013
|
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|
https://chemlab.readthedocs.org/en/latest/gromacs.html
|
# Using GROMACS with chemlab¶
GROMACS is one of the most used packages for molecular simulations, chemlab can provide a modern and intuitive interface to generate input and analyze the output of GROMACS calculations. To illustrate the concepts we’ll perform a very simple simulation of liquid water.
## Installing GROMACS¶
This depends on the system you’re using but I believe that GROMACS is already packaged for most linux distributions and also for other operating systems.
In Ubuntu:
$sudo apt-get install gromacs ## What GROMACS needs¶ In order to run a minimum simulation GROMACS requires to know some basic properties of the system we intend to simulate. This boils down to basically 3 ingredients: 1. The starting composition and configuration of our system. This is provided by a ”.gro” file that contains the atom and molecule types, and their position in space. 2. Information about the connectivity and interactions between our particles. This is called topology file and it is provided by writing a ”.top” file. 3. Simulation method. This will require us to give parameters on how we want to make the system evolve. This is provided by an ”.mdp” file. chemlab can help us to build any system that we want and we’ll use it to write a ”.gro” file. Then we will use chemlab to visualize and analyze the result of the GROMACS simulation. ## Crafting a box of water¶ There are many ways to generate a box of water, in our example we will place 512 water molecules in a cubic grid. The advantages of doing that is the simplicity of the approach and the fact that we are naturally avoid any overlap between adiacent molecules. To generate such a box we will: 1. Create a template water Molecule; 2. Translate this molecule on the grid points 3. Add the molecule to a preinitialized System. import numpy as np from chemlab.core import Atom, Molecule, System from chemlab.graphics import display_system # Spacing between two grid points spacing = 0.3 # an 8x8x8 grid, for a total of 512 points grid_size = (8, 8, 8) # Preallocate the system # 512 molecules, and 512*3 atoms s = System.empty(512, 512*3) # Water template, it contains export informations for gromacs # more about export later... water_tmp = Molecule([Atom('O', [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], export={'grotype': 'OW'}), Atom('H', [0.1, 0.0, 0.0], export={'grotype': 'HW1'}), Atom('H', [-0.03333, 0.09428, 0.0], export={'grotype':'HW2'})], export={'groname': 'SOL'}) for a in range(grid_size[0]): for b in range(grid_size[1]): for c in range(grid_size[2]): grid_point = np.array([a,b,c]) * spacing # array operation water_tmp.move_to(grid_point) s.add(water_tmp) # Adjust boxsize for periodic boundary conditions s.box_vectors = np.eye(3) * (8 * spacing) # Visualize to verify that the system was setup correctly display_system(s) If you run this, it will display the following window: Awesome! Now we can write the ”.gro” file. Notice that when we defined our water molecule we had to pass an export dictionary to the atoms and molecules. The export mechanism is the way used by chemlab to handle all the variety of different file formats. In this specific case, gromacs defines its own atom and molecule names in the ”.top” file and then matches those to the ”.gro” file to infer the bonds and interactions. TODO Add picture of the export dictionary How do we write the .gro file? Since we’ve already setup our export information, this is an one-liner: from chemlab.io import datafile datafile("start.gro", "w").write("system", s) ## .top and .mdp files¶ I’ll give you directly the gromacs input files to do an NPT simulation of water, just create those files in your working directory: topol.top ; We simply import ready-made definitions for the molecule type ; SOL and the atom types OW, HW1 and HW2 #include "ffoplsaa.itp" #include "spce.itp" [ system ] Simple box of water [ molecules ] SOL 512 run.mdp integrator = md dt = 0.001 nsteps = 200000 nstxtcout = 100 rlist = 0.9 coulombtype = pme rcoulomb = 0.9 rvdw = 0.9 dispcorr = enerpres tcoupl = v-rescale tc-grps = System ref_t = 300 tau_t = 0.1 pcoupl = berendsen compressibility = 4.5e-5 ref_p = 1.0 gen_vel = yes gen_temp = 300 constraints = all-bonds ## Running the simulation¶ To run the simulation with gromacs we have to do two steps: 1. Generate a parameter input, this will check that our input make sense before running the simulation: grompp_d -f run.mdp -c start.gro -p topol.top This will generate a bunch of files in your working directory. 2. Now we run the simulation, in the meantime, go grab coffee: mdrun_d -v This will take a while depending on your machine. If you are not a coffee drinker, don’t worry, you can stop the simulation by pressing Ctrl-C. The good news is that chemlab can read files from partial runs! ## Viewing the results, the command-line way¶ To quickly preview trajectories and system energies you can use the script chemlab included in the distribution in scripts/chemlab. GROMACS can store the trajectory (in the form of atomic coordinates) in the .xtc file. To play the trajectory you can use the command: $ chemlab view start.gro --traj traj.xtc
Note
the nstxtcout = 100 option in the mdp file sets the output frequency in the xtc file
You may also be interested to look at some other properties, such as the potential energy, pressure, temperature and density. This information is written by GROMACS in the ”.edr” file. You can use the chemlab script to view that:
$chemlab gromacs energy ener.edr -e Pressure$ chemlab gromacs energy ener.edr -e Temperature
$chemlab gromacs energy ener.edr -e Potential$ chemlab gromacs energy ener.edr -e Density
Warning
The chemlab gromacs command is a work in progress, the syntax may change in the future.
It is also possible to view and get the results by directly reading the files and have direct access to the xtc coordinates and the energy stored in the edr files. Take a look at the reference for chemlab.io.handlers.XtcIO and chemlab.io.handlers.EdrIO.
The tutorial is over, if you have any problem or want to know more, just drop an email on the mailing list [email protected] or file an issue on github https://github.com/chemlab/chemlab/issues
|
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|
https://davidetorlo.it/talks/2020-06-02-PhD-defense
|
# Hyperbolic problems: high order methods and model order reduction
Date:
PhD Defense at UZH Zurich. The talk summarize the main topics of the thesis: high order methods for ODEs, hyperbolic PDEs and model order reduction techniques.
Slides
Numerical simulations are extremely important to forecast physical events. In particular, this is true when experiments are too expensive or unfeasible. The field of numerical analysis studies how to obtain reliable simulations of physical phenomena. Physics provides the modeling equations, e. g. partial differential equations (PDEs), then numerical analysis creates numerical methods that approximate the solutions of such equations. In this manuscript, we focus on numerical methods for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and hyperbolic PDEs.
ODEs can model many chemical and biological processes and the numerical methods to solve them are fundamental to solve also PDEs. Hyperbolic PDEs comprise many physical models, including fluid dynamics, transport equations, kinetic models and wave equations. The numerical methods for this kind of problems are vital for many engineering applications.
The schemes that we aim to obtain must verify many properties. They should converge to the analytical solution as the discretization scale decreases, they should be stable in order to produce spurious oscillations, they should guarantee a certain level of accuracy and they should be computable in reasonable times. Often, these last two factors are in contradiction as more accurate solutions require more computational time.
To tackle this problem we propose in this thesis some possible solutions. The first one is to speed up the convergence process by using high order accurate schemes. These schemes obtain much more accurate solutions with less refinements of the discretization scale with respect to low order accurate solutions. Hence, the computational costs needed to reach a certain error threshold is lower a priori. Another technique that we will use are implicit schemes. These schemes do not need to follow the restriction that explicit schemes have on the time discretization, allowing the use of less time steps. Finally, model order reduction techniques are tools that create a smaller discrete model, which represents, up to a certain error, an approximation of the solution manifold for parametric problems.
For high order accurate ODE solvers, we present in this work a class of arbitrarily high order schemes, called deferred correction (DeC) methods, which consist of an iterative procedure that, in a fixed number of loops, reaches an approximation of the required order. We study their A–stability for many possible orders of accuracy. In order to preserve positivity and conservation of physical quantities in production–destruction systems, we create a modified version of the DeC, which guarantees all these properties. This is possible thanks to the so–called Patankar trick, which makes the scheme linearly implicit. So far, the modified Patankar schemes were developed only up to third order of accuracy. The method we propose is arbitrarily high order accurate and unconditionally positivity preserving and conservative.
The rest of the thesis is focused on hyperbolic PDEs. We consider the residual distribution (RD) schemes as high order accurate spatial discretization technique in combination with the DeC for the time discretization. As a first step, we show a von Neumann stability analysis of the combination of these two methods, which suggests the optimal value of the stabilization parameters to maximize the time steps. This analysis uses Kreiss’ theorem as a tool to verify the stability of the family of matrices that evolve the Fourier coefficients of the solutions. The complications of this analysis are due to the different nature of different degrees of freedom inside the polynomial reconstruction.
Furthermore, we extend the RD DeC method to an implicit–explicit version for kinetic models. Kinetic models contain a source term that, in the asymptotic limit, becomes stiff. To deal with it, an implicit treatment of such a term is necessary. We propose an implicit—explicit RD DeC scheme that solves this type of models. Moreover, the proposed scheme is arbitrarily high order and asymptotic preserving, i. e., in the asymptotic regime the numerical solution converges to the analytical asymptotic limit. We prove these properties and we validate the theoretical results with numerical simulations.
Next, we study the model order reduction (MOR) algorithms for parametric hyperbolic problems. These techniques were originally developed for elliptic and parabolic problems and not all the algorithms can be extended to the hyperbolic framework. We propose an uncertainty quantification application of a MOR benchmark algorithm for hyperbolic problems. We show how the reduction can save computational time and we compute some statistical quantities, like mean and variance, of stochastic hyperbolic PDEs.
Finally, we extend this algorithm in order to gain more compression in the reduced model. Indeed, MOR algorithms are badly suited for advection dominated problems and most of the hyperbolic problems are of this kind. Even for the simplest wave transport problems, the classical MOR techniques fail to obtain a reasonable reduction, since they try to express the solution manifold as a linear combination of modes. What we propose in the last part of this thesis is to contextualize the PDEs into an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework, which allows, through a transformation map, to align the advected features and to strongly compress the relevant information of the solution manifold. The transformation map must also be quickly computable in the reduced model and to do so, we use different regression techniques, such as polynomial regression and artificial neural networks, and we compare their performances.
All the algorithms and schemes are validated through adequate numerical simulations.
|
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|
https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/stats/versions/3.6.1/topics/plot.spec
|
# plot.spec
0th
Percentile
##### Plotting Spectral Densities
Plotting method for objects of class "spec". For multivariate time series it plots the marginal spectra of the series or pairs plots of the coherency and phase of the cross-spectra.
Keywords
hplot, ts
##### Usage
# S3 method for spec
plot(x, add = FALSE, ci = 0.95, log = c("yes", "dB", "no"),
xlab = "frequency", ylab = NULL, type = "l",
ci.col = "blue", ci.lty = 3,
main = NULL, sub = NULL,
plot.type = c("marginal", "coherency", "phase"),
…)plot.spec.phase(x, ci = 0.95,
xlab = "frequency", ylab = "phase",
ylim = c(-pi, pi), type = "l",
main = NULL, ci.col = "blue", ci.lty = 3, …)plot.spec.coherency(x, ci = 0.95,
xlab = "frequency",
ylab = "squared coherency",
ylim = c(0, 1), type = "l",
main = NULL, ci.col = "blue", ci.lty = 3, …)
##### Arguments
x
an object of class "spec".
logical. If TRUE, add to already existing plot. Only valid for plot.type = "marginal".
ci
coverage probability for confidence interval. Plotting of the confidence bar/limits is omitted unless ci is strictly positive.
log
If "dB", plot on log10 (decibel) scale (as S-PLUS), otherwise use conventional log scale or linear scale. Logical values are also accepted. The default is "yes" unless options(ts.S.compat = TRUE) has been set, when it is "dB". Only valid for plot.type = "marginal".
xlab
the x label of the plot.
ylab
the y label of the plot. If missing a suitable label will be constructed.
type
the type of plot to be drawn, defaults to lines.
ci.col
colour for plotting confidence bar or confidence intervals for coherency and phase.
ci.lty
line type for confidence intervals for coherency and phase.
main
overall title for the plot. If missing, a suitable title is constructed.
sub
a sub title for the plot. Only used for plot.type = "marginal". If missing, a description of the smoothing is used.
plot.type
For multivariate time series, the type of plot required. Only the first character is needed.
ylim, …
Graphical parameters.
spectrum
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|
https://www.ramsay-maunder.co.uk/knowledge-base/glossary/hyperstatic-stress-fields/
|
# Hyperstatic Stress Fields
## Introduction
Hyperstatic stress fields are self-balancing stress fields found in structural members or mechanical components. They are self-balancing in the sense that they satisfy the relevant equations of equilibrium with zero body forces and boundary tractions. A classic example of hyperstatic stress field is that induced in a component subjected to a temperature field. The internal stresses are not zero but they are generated without the need for associated body forces or boundary tractions. Other examples include residual stresses due, for example, to manufacturing processes.
Hyperstatic stress fields are, though, more general than indicated above. Irrespective of the presence of thermally induced or residual stresses, they often exist quite normally within structural members or components as they are required, e.g., in a linear elastic structure, to ensure that the compatibility conditions are satisfied. In a plastic analysis, where compatibility conditions are no longer of importance, the hyperstatic stress fields are arranged so as to maximise the load carrying capacity of the member or component.
## Hyperstatic Stress Field for a Plate Membrane Problem
A hyperstatic stress field for a plate membrane (planar elasticity) problem is shown in the following figure. The equations are used to define a set of equilibrating boundary tractions. Whilst statically admissible (SA), this stress field is not kinematically admissible (KA), i.e.,the corresponding strains do not satisfy the compatibility relations. The SA column plots the stresses given by the equations. The KA column is from a 2x2 mesh of compatible finite elements (CFE) model and so is kinematically admissible. The SAKA contours are from a highly refined CFE model. If the SA field is taken from the SAKA field then the hyperstatic stress required to make the SA field satisfy the compatibility relations is achieved.
Whilst not the correct linear elastic stress field, the SA field has a useful property since, through the lower bound plasticity theorem, it may be used to provide a safe estimate of the ultimate limit state. Provided the stresses are kept within the relevant yield criterion then the structure is safe from plastic collapse. This property is utilised in Equilibrium Finite Element (EFE) analysis, which offers a useful alternative to conventional CFE analysis.
## Hyperstatic Moment Field for a Kirchhoff Plate Bending Problem
The solutions shown in the following figure are theoretical solutions for a Kirchhoff plate. The solution for zero Poisson's ratio is identical to that obtained from a beam solution - no transverse moments are generated. With Poisson's ratio equal to 0.3 then transverse moments are generated. The difference between solutions 1 and 2 is the hyperstatic moment field shown.
## Hyperstatic Stress Resultants for a Beam Problem
In the third example of hyperstatic stress fields a statically indeterminate beam is considered. There are two hyperstatic stress resultant fields (bending moments and shear forces) which can be added to the particular solution in various combinations. The particular solution balances the applied load whereas the hyperstatic fields as, as usual, in equilibrium with no applied load.
The normalised bending moment diagram (normalised by dividing by the plastic moment) shows three solutions, one of which is the elastic solution scaled so that the maximum moment just causes first yield. The amplitudes of the hyperstatic fields are those required to make the total solution satisfy the kinematic boundary conditions of zero rotation at both ends of the beam. If plastic hinges are allowed to develop then the applied load can be increased beyond that required to develop first yield. A lower bound prediction of collapse is shown where a plastic hinge has been allowed to develop under the load. The exact collapse load though is obtained when additional plastic hinges are allowed to develop at the supports.
|
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|
https://byjus.com/jee/linear-programming-problems/
|
Linear Programming Problems
What is Linear Programming? A linear programming problem (LPP) which deals with the optimization problem of two linear variables. The function formed using those two linear variables is called objective function.
In our day to day life we encounter many problems forming a linear equation and/or its inequalities. And such as many applications in mathematics involve linear equations/inequalities. Hence those applications based problems which seek to maximize or minimize are optimization problems. In this article we come across solving linear programming problems also.
LPP problem is subject to constraints of linear variables which are non-negative and satisfy the sets of inequalities.
Objective Functions: z = ax + by,
where a and b are to be maximized or minimized depending upon the condition.
Decision variables: x and y are the decision variables in an objective function.
Non-negative constraints: These are the conditions x, y ≥ 0 are called non negative constraints.
Constraints: The linear inequalities or equations on the variables of a linear programming problem are called constraints.
Optimisation problem: This is a problem which seeks to minimise or maximise a linear function subject to certain constraints as found by a set of linear inequalities. LPP are special types of optimization problems.
Feasible region: It is a region which is common to all the constraints including the non-negative constraints is referred to feasible region.
Infeasible region: It is the region other than the feasible region.
Feasible solutions: Points within and on the boundary of a feasible region denotes feasible solutions of the constraints.
Infeasible solutions: Any point which is outside the feasible region is known as infeasible solution.
Optimal solution: If any point in the feasible region which gives minimum or maximum value of the objective function, it is called an optimal solution.
Important Results:
Theorem 1: Let R be the feasible region for an LPP and be the objective function. The optimal value of Z must occur at the corner point of the feasible region.
Theorem 2: Let R be the feasible region. If the R is bounded, then the objective function Z, has both maximum and minimum value in region R. And both of these occur at the corner points of R.
If R is unbounded , then a minimum or maximum value of the objective function may not exist. If it exists, it should come at a corner point of R (by theorem 1)
Corner point method: This is a method of solving LLP. Following are the steps of this method.
1.First find the feasible region of the LLP and find its corner points either by checking or by solving two equations of the lines intersecting at that point.
2.Find objective function Z = ax+by at each corner point. Let M and m represent largest and smallest values at these points respectively.
3.If the feasible region is bounded, M and m are the maximum and minimum values of Z. If the feasible region is unbounded, then
a.M will be the maximum value of Z, if the open half plane determined by ax+by>M which has no point in common with the feasible region. Otherwise Z will not have maximum value.
b.M will be the minimum value of Z, if the open half plane determined by ax+by<m which has no point in common with the feasible region. Otherwise Z will not have minimum value.
Linear Programming Applications
The most important application of the linear programming applications in the following areas:
Manufacturing Problems
These problems are related to industry problems such as some industry is required to produce the number of units of different products, requiring the fixed manpower, operating hours, labour hour per unit of product etc. Such that maximum profit is produced while selling these products.
Example 1:
A company produces two types of TVs, one of which is black and white, the other colour. The company has the resources to make at most 200 sets a week. Creating a black and white set includes Rs 2700 and Rs 3600 to create a colored set. The business should spend no more than Rs 648000 a week producing TV sets. If it benefits from Rs 525 per set of black and white and Rs 675 per set of colours, How many sets of black/white and colored sets it should produce in order to get maximum profit? Formulate this using LPP.
Solution: Let x and y be the number of black/white and colored tvs respectively
Subject to constraints:
x, y ≥ 0 (Non-negative constraint)
x + y ≤ 200 (Quantity constraints)
2700x+3600y ≤ 648000 (Cost constraints)
Objective function: Z = 525x + 675y (objective is to maximize profit)
Feasible region R are bounded as shown in the figure above.
Corner Point Objective Function(Z) O(0,0) 525(0) + 675(0) = 0 A(200,0) 525(200) + 675(0) = 105000 C(80,120) 525(80) + 675(120)= 123000 B(0,180) 525(0) + 675(180) = 121500
Thus maximum value of Z occurs at C(80,120) i.e. 123000. So the company should manufacture 80 black/white and 120 colored TV sets to get maximum profit.
Diet Problems
Such kind of problems, a person is required to produce a diet keeping in check of the different nutrients (constraints) required in order to minimize the cost of desired diet.
Example 2:
A health enthusiast wishes to mix two types of foods for his diet, in such a way that vitamin content of the mixture contain at least 8 units of vitamin B and 10 units of vitamin C. Food (F1) contains 1 units/kg of vitamin B and 2 unit/kg of vitamin C. Food (F2) contains 2 unit/kg of vitamin B and contains 1 unit/kg of vitamin C. F1 costs Rs 50/kg and F2 costs Rs 70/kg. Frame his condition of diet plan making linear programming problem in order to minimize the cost of the mixture.
Solution: Let x and y represents the number of units of vitamin B and C respectively.
Subject to constraints:
x, y ≥ 0 (Non-negative constraints)
x + 2y ≥ 13 (Vitamin B constraint)
2x + y ≥ 10 (Vitamin C constraint)
Resources Food (F1) Food (F2) Requirement Vitamin (B) 1 2 10 Vitamin (C) 2 1 13 Total Cost Rs 60/kg Rs 80/kg
Objective function: Z = 60x + 80y (objective is to minimize cost)
Corner Point Objective Function(Z) A(13,0) 60(13) + 80(0) = 780 C(9,2) 60(9) + 80(2) = 700 B(0,10) 60(0) + 80(10) = 800
Feasible region R unbounded as shown in the figure above.
Therefore the minimum value of Z occurs at C(9,2) i.e. 700. So the person should mix 9 kg of food (F1) and 2 kg of food (F2) to obtain minimum cost.
Transportation problems
In these kind of problems, we determine the transportation schedule in order to find the cheapest way of transporting the product from different plants located in different markets.
Example 3:
A jet fuel company has two X and Y depots with 7000 L and 4000 L capacities respectively. The firm is distributing fuel to three jet fuel pumps, D, E and F, respectively in three cities containing 4500L, 3000L, and 3500L. In the following table, the distances (in km) between the depots and jet fuel pumps are given within the following desk:
Distance (km) From/To X Y D 7 3 E 6 4 F 3 2
If the transport cost of 10 liters of jet fuel is Re 1 per km, how should the distribution be planned to mitigate the transport cost? What’s the lowest cost?
Solution 3:
Let X supply the fuel pumps, D and E with x and y liters of jet fuel.
So (7000 − x − y) from X to fuel pump F will be delivered. At fuel pump D, the requirement is 4500 L.
The remaining (4500 − x) L will be transferred from fuel pump Y while L is transported from depot X.
Similarly, (3000 − y) L and 3500 − (7000 − x − y) = (x + y − 3500) L will be transported from depot Y to F fuel pump.
Subject to constraints:
x, y ≥ 0
7000 – x – y ≥ 0 (XF constraint)
4500 – x ≥ 0 (YD constraint)
3000 – y ≥ 0 (YE constraint)
x + y – 3500 ≥ 0 (YF constraint)
Cost of transporting 10 L of jet fuel is 1 rupee.
Objective function:
The feasible region can be drawn using the subject to constraints condition. The problem can be formulated as follows
Corner Point table:
Corner Points Z = 0.3x + 0.1y + 3950 A(3500, 0) 5000 B(4500, 0) 5300 C(4500, 2500) 5550 D(4000, 3000) 5450 E(500, 3000) 4400 (Minimum)
The minimum value of Z is 4400 at E(500, 3000).
Thus, the jet fuel supplied from depot A is 500 L, 3000 L, and 3500 L and from depot B is 4000 L, 0 L, and 0 L to fuel pumps D, E, and F respectively.
Therefore, the minimum transportation cost is Rs. 4400.
Example 4: Minimize $z=\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}{{}}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{m}{{{c}_{ij}}\,{{x}_{ij}}}$ subject to $\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}{{{x}_{ij}}\le {{a}_{i}},\ i=1,…….,m} \sum\limits_{i=1}^{m}{{{x}_{ij}}={{b}_{j}},\ j=1,……,n}$ is a (L.P.P.) with number of constraints =
Solution:
Condition (i), $i=1,{{x}_{11}}+{{x}_{12}}+{{x}_{13}}+…..+{{x}_{1n}} \\i=2,{{x}_{21}}+{{x}_{22}}+{{x}_{23}}+……+{{x}_{2n}} \\i=3,{{x}_{31}}+{{x}_{32}}+{{x}_{33}}+……+{{x}_{3n}} ……………….. \\i=m,{{x}_{m1}}+{{x}_{m2}}+{{x}_{m3}}+…..{{x}_{mn}}$ → m constraints
Condition (ii), $j=1,\,{{x}_{11}}+{{x}_{21}}+{{x}_{31}}+……+{{x}_{m1}} \\j=2,{{x}_{12}}+{{x}_{22}}+{{x}_{32}}+……+{{x}_{m1}} ……………….. \\j=n,{{x}_{1n}}+{{x}_{2n}}+{{x}_{3n}}+……+{{x}_{mn}}\to n$ → n constraints
Total constraints = m + n.
Example 5: Which values of x satisfy the following inequalities simultaneously?
(i) $-3<2x-1<19$
(ii) $-1\le \frac{2x+3}{5}\le 3$
Solution:
$-3<2x-1<19 \Rightarrow -2<2x<20\\ \Rightarrow -1
From (i) and (ii), common values of x are (−1,6].
Example 6: What is the solution to $\frac{x-7}{x+3}>2$?
Solution:
$\frac{x-7}{x+3}>2 \\\Rightarrow \frac{x-7}{x+3}-2>0 \\\Rightarrow \frac{-x-13}{x+3}>0 \\\Rightarrow \frac{x+13}{x+3}<0\\ \\\Rightarrow -13
Example 7: The system $2(2x+3)-10<6(x-2)$ and $\frac{2x-3}{4}+\ge \frac{2+4x}{3}$ has ___ solutions.
Solution:
Let $2(2x+3)-10<6(x-2)~\ldots (1)\\ \frac{2x-3}{4}+6\ge \frac{2+4x}{3}~\ldots (2)\\ (1)\Rightarrow 4x+6-10-6x+12<0\\ \Rightarrow -2x+8<0\\ \Rightarrow -2x<-8\Rightarrow x>4\,\,i.e.,x\in (4,\infty )\\ (2)\,\,\Rightarrow \frac{2x-3+24}{4}\ge \frac{2+4x}{3}\\ \Rightarrow 6x+63\ge 8+16x\\ \Rightarrow 6x-16\ge 8-63\\ \Rightarrow -10x\ge -55\\ \Rightarrow x\le \frac{55}{10}i.e.,x\in \left( -\infty ,\frac{55}{10} \right]\\$
|
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|
http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/50833/numbering-of-cases-implied-by-a-subset-of-boolean-vectors
|
Numbering of cases implied by a subset of Boolean vectors
In the course of a programming problem I stumbled upon the following sub-problem.
Given an arbitrary, but fixed, number of Boolean variables, I would like to be able to pick a subset of the variables and combine them in such a way that I get a numbering of the unique cases that the subset possesses.
To give an example, let $A, B, C$ be three Boolean variables. The truth table has the form
$$\begin{array} {|c|} \hline A & B & C \\ \hline 1 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline 0 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline 1 & 0 & 1 \\ \hline 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \hline 1 & 1 & 0 \\ \hline 0 & 1 & 0 \\ \hline 1 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \end{array}$$
Take the subset of variables to be $\{A,C\}$. It would be great to get a numbering of the different cases implied by $A$ and $C$ in the following way,
$$\begin{array} {|c|} \hline A & C & Numbering \\ \hline 1 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline 0 & 1 & 2 \\ \hline 1 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline 0 & 1 & 2 \\ \hline 1 & 0 & 3 \\ \hline 0 & 0 & 4 \\ \hline 1 & 0 & 3 \\ \hline 0 & 0 & 4 \\ \hline \end{array}$$
What would be the most efficient way to getting the vector containing the numbering of the different cases? I thought of generating the truth table, combining the truth values of the chosen variables into a unique symbol, i.e. the string consisting of the respective truth values, 1 1 -> "11", eliminating the redundant symbols in that vector and mapping back the indices of the symbols in that smaller vector to the symbols in the vector containing the redundant symbols.
However, that seems to be horribly inefficient. Is there a Mathematica-specific way to optimize this, possibly one which would allow it to be extended to multi-valued variables?
Edit: It seems to be inefficient because the choice of the subset and the total number of variables uniquely determine the numbering vector.
-
@kguler I came up with an answer before noticing it's nearly the same as your idea. I think numbering = (2^Length[#] - FromDigits[Reverse@#, 2]) & gives the OP's numbering. – Michael E2 Jun 30 at 13:17
Step for step:
m = {{1, 1}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, 0}};
a = DeleteDuplicates@m
{{1, 1}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}, {0, 0}}
b = Range@Length@a
{1, 2, 3, 4}
c = MapThread[Rule, {a, b}]
{{1, 1} -> 1, {0, 1} -> 2, {1, 0} -> 3, {0, 0} -> 4}
d = m /. c
{1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4}
Join[m, List /@ d, 2] // TableForm
This can be reduced to a oneliner:
Join[m, List /@ m /. MapThread[Rule, {#, Range@Length@#}] &[DeleteDuplicates@m], 2]
If you want to remove the duplicates:
Join[m, List /@ d, 2] // DeleteDuplicates
{{1, 1, 1}, {0, 1, 2}, {1, 0, 3}, {0, 0, 4}}
-
Here's a way than works for any number of variables:
numbering = 2^(Length[#] - 1) (2 - FromDigits[#, 1/2]) &;
tablesubset = Reverse /@ Reverse@Tuples[{0, 1}, {3}][[All, {1, 3}]]; (* {A, C} *)
Grid@Join[#, List /@ numbering /@ #, 2] &@ tablesubset
(If all you want is a numbering, then just FromDigits[#, 2] & seems quite easy, as well as intuitive for those familiar with base 2.)
-
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https://scipost.org/submissions/scipost_201912_00022v1/
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# Time-resolved electrical detection of chiral edge vortex braiding
### Submission summary
As Contributors: Inanc Adagideli · Carlo Beenakker · Aurélien Grabsch · Michał Pacholski Preprint link: scipost_201912_00022v1 Date accepted: 2020-01-08 Date submitted: 2019-12-09 01:00 Submitted by: Adagideli, Inanc Submitted to: SciPost Physics Academic field: Physics Specialties: Condensed Matter Physics - Theory Quantum Physics Approach: Theoretical
### Abstract
A $\boldsymbol{2\pi}$ phase shift across a Josephson junction in a topological superconductor injects vortices into the chiral edge modes at opposite ends of the junction. When two vortices are fused they transfer charge into a metal contact. We calculate the time dependent current profile for the fusion process, which consists of $\boldsymbol{\pm e/2}$ charge pulses that flip sign if the world lines of the vortices are braided prior to the fusion. This is an electrical signature of the non-Abelian exchange of Majorana zero-modes.
### Ontology / Topics
See full Ontology or Topics database.
Published as SciPost Phys. 8, 013 (2020)
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/196248-odd-degree-polynomials-fundamental-theorem-algebra.html
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# Math Help - Odd Degree Polynomials and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
1. ## Odd Degree Polynomials and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
This is my problem:
__________________________________________-
1. How can the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra be used to show that any polynomial of
odd degree has at least one root?
Make sure that:
1. every claim is justified
3. vocabulary is used correctly
4. the solution is vivid (there are no missing details)
__________________________________________
I don't even know where to start. Can someone please give me a step by step on the proof, as well as any tips? Thanks in advance.
2. ## Re: Odd Degree Polynomials and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
Originally Posted by Freshmanmath
This is my problem:
__________________________________________-
1. How can the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra be used to show that any polynomial of
odd degree has at least one root?
Make sure that:
1. every claim is justified
3. vocabulary is used correctly
4. the solution is vivid (there are no missing details)
__________________________________________
I don't even know where to start. Can someone please give me a step by step on the proof, as well as any tips? Thanks in advance.
By the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, every polynomial with real coefficients has exactly as many complex roots as its degree (some of which may be repeated). Non-real roots always appear as complex conjugates, which means there is always an even number of non-real roots. So an odd degree polynomial must have an extra root which does not have a complex conjugate, so therefore must be real. Therefore, every polynomial with real coefficients of odd degree has at least one real root.
3. ## Re: Odd Degree Polynomials and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
Thanks, that's very informative. Would it also be possible for you to say, give me a simple example and apply what you said step by step? I'm more of a visual learner, and I really want to get this down solid. Excellent post, nonetheless.
5. ## Re: Odd Degree Polynomials and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
let's suppose that p(x) is in R[x], of odd degree. there are two cases:
1. p(x) has a real root
2. p(x) does not have a real root
we want to show that (1) always happens, or equivalently, that (2) never happens.
p(x) is a complex polynomial as well, so by the fundamental theorem of algebra, p(x) has n linear complex factors (some of these factors may be repeated, that is correspond to multiple roots).
now first (and we don't need to use FTA to prove this), let's show that if z is a complex number with z* it's complex conjugate, p(z) = 0 implies p(z*) = 0:
recall that for two complex numbers z and w, z = a+ib, w = x+iy, that:
(z+w)* = (a+x + i(b+y))* = a+x - i(b+y) = a - ib + x - iy = (a+ib)* + (x+iy)* = z* + w*
(zw)* = [(a+ib)(x+iy)]* = [(ax - by) + i(ay + bx)]* = ax - by - i(ay + bx) = ax - (-b)(-y) + i(a(-y) + b(-x)) = (a - ib)(x - iy) = z*w*
in particular, the last formula means that (zn)* = (z*)n, for all natural numbers n.
also recall that z* = z if and only if b = 0, that is: z is real.
suppose that p(x) = a0+a1x+a2x2+.....+anxn.
then p(z*) = a0+a1z*+a2(z*)2+.....+an(z*)n
= a0*+a1*z*+a2*(z2)*+.....+an*(zn)*
= a0*+(a1z)*+(a2z2)*+...+(anzn)*
= (a0+a1z+a2z2+...+anzn)* = [p(z)]* = 0* = 0.
so if p(x) splits over C (which is what FTA states), then the root of p(x) (for REAL polynomials only, not complex ones) occur in conjugate pairs.
note that (x - z)(x - z*) = x2 - (z+z*) + zz*, and z+z* and zz* are both real:
(a+ib) + (a-ib) = 2a, (a+ib)(a-ib) = a2-(-b2) + i(a(-b) + ab) = a2+b2.
so the conjugate pairs produce real quadratic factors of p(x), unless z = z*. but z = z* iff z is real, and case (2) asserts this never happens.
so, in that case, we get that p(x) is a product of quadratic polynomials, in particular, p(x) is of even degree.
since p(x) is assumed to be of odd degree, case (2) leads to a contradiction.
6. ## Re: Odd Degree Polynomials and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
Another great answer! I'm going to try to put that in idiot's terms as best as possible.
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https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/370627/why-should-the-h-option-not-be-used-in-floats?noredirect=1
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# Why should the "H" option not be used in floats?
Every now and then a question/answer with a float environment with option H appears, and every time someone points out that this option should not be used.
Therefore, once and for all, can someone clearly explain:
1. why H should not be used
2. what are all the possible alternatives (htbp, no float at all, etc.).
I know there is How to influence the position of float environments like figure and table in LaTeX?, but it's too broad and detailed, this question is more focused upon the H option, and I'm searching for a practical answer for beginners.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mwe}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{caption}
\begin{document}
\blindtext
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\caption{A Table}
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
A & B & C \\
1 & 2 & 3 \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\blindtext
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics{example-image-a}
\caption{A Figure}
\end{figure}
\blindtext
\end{document}
• The H option actually disables the floating May 19 '17 at 18:58
• @StevenB.Segletes I know it (see the first words of this answer of mine: tex.stackexchange.com/a/367156/101651), I'd like to have an expert answer about the topic that can be linked every time one have to explain it to a new user. May 19 '17 at 19:05
• The 'H' option comes from the float package, which hasn't been updated since 2001 and has issues. May 19 '17 at 23:17
• I think, a better question would be: When/Where/Under which circumstances should I allow figures/tables to float and when/where not? German TeXwelt has such a question: texwelt.de/wissen/fragen/3427/…, but only one short answer. May 20 '17 at 14:47
• My opinion is that, in some limited situations, a “float” with an [H] position specifier can be acceptable, and could even be the best solution; but of course, what you should absolutely avoid is to use the h position specifier by itself.
– GuM
May 20 '17 at 16:47
This a more conceptual than technical answer to explain why not, that need the context of previous questions:
Why the captions and pages are almost always numbered?
Well, there are two possible answers. Because ...
1) The stupid habit of numbering everything for no reason.
2) This help to the reader when you write references as "see figure 3 on page 5", for instance. Hoping we are rationals, let choose the second, but ...
Why these text references to numbered captions help to the reader?
Because often the figures and tables are far away from their context, that is, when some passage make this figure or table relevant.
Then, why not put the figures and tables exactly when is relevant, in a ""see next figure:" style, with the float with [H] just in the place of the text reference?
I agree completely with Ulrike that referencing plots in this way, then use [H] have sense, and there are texts and texts. but IMHO at least in formal texts (thesis, scientific journals, etc.) this way should be avoided by several reasons:
1) Because always disrupt the narrative.
Specially if there are a caption in the middle of text. Any good essay could have tables and figures supporting the meaning of the text with additional information, but the text alone should be fully understandable without this supplement. It should be the reader who will have to decide if he needs stop the lecture in this moment to scrutinize a graphic to collect more information about you have wrote, (or worse, clarify what are you explaining) or before read the whole article, or after. At least in scientific journals, the philosophy behind is the same that prescribing the use of abstracts, keywords and self-explicative captions: help to the reader. Options t,b and p are always better in this sense.
2) Because very often is not possible stuck tables and figures to relevant text.
One table could be relevant for several passages of different pages. On the other hand, only one passage could be enough explanation for several tables and figures that must be in different pages. Obviously the solution is not make duplicates of a table each time that worth mention it, or make introductory paragraphs for each figure, but make cross-references.
The other two have been pointed by David but I want insist on it:
3) Because can disrupt also the layout.
This is most important technical disadvantage IMHO. If some non floating box does not fit at the end of the page, this imply a premature page break leaving an huge, ugly and baffling space ("What next figure? there are nothing below" or "Why there are no more text? It is the end of the section?", etc. ). A float with [!ht] probably will go away from their context nearly the same but without ruin the previous page layout. If you are unsure if the float will fit or not [!ht]
4) Because forcing floats positions probably can cause troubles in another floats.
Typical questions "why my float go to the end of the document?" are caused by the obsession of control float positions. As more flexibility you left, more near will be the floats of the original surrounding text and better balance between amount of text and floats per page without having to move manually the float positions.
• This is pretty much against a picture is worth thousand words mantra. Sometimes there is nothing clearer than a picture and a paragraph attached to it. This sounds like justifying TeX's stupid shortcomings (optimize per page being one) that were valid in 1980s but not in 2017. Jun 4 '17 at 20:28
• I've accepted yours because it is the closest to what I had in mind and sum up David's and Ulrike's ones. Jun 4 '17 at 20:29
• @percusee I strongly disagree that well placed floats with good cross-references are against the value of the pictures. I am not justifying anything except what anyone can still see in 2017 in most journals indexed in JCR or scientific books, with or without LaTeX. This argumentum ad populum have any logic grounds behind it? I think so. I understand that this is not applicable to other texts like an art magazine or cookbook , but I suspect that LaTeX users are greatly biased to academic texts.
– Fran
Jun 4 '17 at 21:53
• @Fran you pinged percusee instead of percusse. I agree with you. Jun 6 '17 at 2:51
• What I mean is that TeX had not been this archaic with its optimization scheme (mainly shipout), we wouldn't have this problem and H would work more or less the same way users would wanted it. But now it is just blind and the job that it does is only perfect per page not section wise. Sometimes you must have the picture at the same page. You cannot argue that statistically it shouldn't. Jun 6 '17 at 17:28
[H] makes the figure not float so
\begin[figure}[H]
...
\caption{..}
\end{figure}
is (with just minor edge case and spacing differences) the same as
\begin{minipage}{\columnwidth}
...
\captionof{figure}{...}
\end{minipage}
The choice of either of the above is just a matter of personal preference. Either is fine.
So the choice isn't really the H option it is float or not float.
A common question after using a non-float is why is there ugly white space. The easy (but not that helpful) answer to that is that the reason latex moves floats is to avoid bad white space at page breaks so by using a non-float then by design you are choosing bad spacing rather than accept floating figures.
That is half-true but the other aspect is that there are limits on latex's ability to find good float positions and for some documents an optimal positioning of the floats can only currently be achieved by positioning the figures by hand. This is of course a fragile process, any edit to the document might mean that the position of figures has to be manually changed to fit the new page breaking, however if you have spent three years writing a thesis, spending a week manually positioning the figures is not necessarily a wrong thing to do, however if you can tune the automatic float placement to get an acceptable layout, that is probably a better option in most cases.
• On a side note for large documents: Using something like a "float barrrier" (forgot which package it was) helps a lot when manual placement is needed, as it can confine figures to Sections/Chapters which makes a mix of automatic and manual placement possible. Generally LaTeX is bad when one has to arrange mangy figures and little text and works very well when there is more text with comparatively fewer figures. May 21 '17 at 11:30
• The \FloatBarrier macro is from the placins package. Note the capitals in the macro name. Indeed it is a good solution which both preserves a decent layout and prevents that floats are placed in a totally unrelated part of the document. May 24 '17 at 12:22
The option H disables floating (but allows captions) so the question can be reworded to "Why should I let figures and tables float?".
A lot of people have difficulties to adjust to the concept of floating. They write "as can be seen in the following tabular .." and so don't like it if the tabular floats away. Also it can be quite painful to have to go constantly to another page to check the content of a table or figure referenced in the text. So imho the wish to avoid floating is quite understandable.
On the other side: tables (and figures) are often referenced in various parts of a text, so there is often no natural position for the table anyway. Tables in the middle of the text can interrupt and disturb the reading. Large (non-floating) objects can make it difficult to avoid pages with lots of white spaces -- something most people don't like either.
I wouldn't say that one shouldn't use H -- I have seen texts, where is was the best option: e.g. lots of short paragraphs which described a specific plot. But one should carefully weight the pros and cons and not forget technical details like the numbering order.
The option H can be very useful while drafting or adjusting a document when set as default (with \renewcommand*{\fps@figure}{H}. One can then see where the floats are (more or less) meant to be and better judge how it affects the layout when they are not allowed to float.
• I personally change my desire for floats based on the structure of the text. If the figures/tables are bulky or not needed to be together with the main text, let them float. If they are small tables to list a few numbers just explained in text or a small figure visualising a thing, it feels a bit wrong to have them get moved a page or two away from their origin. As you said, some people aren't used to floats. I handed in a thesis where the corrector got confused by the floats, he commented on all of them. So I strive to use floats only when it is really the best solution.
– lblb
May 19 '17 at 23:05
• I would say "people have difficulties to adjust to the concept of floating" and "lots of short paragraphs which described a specific plot" are the exactly reasons I use [H] on my not-final-version reports with "a lot of plots" to coworkers that "have difficulties to adjust to the concept of floating". The other possibility is while editing those reports where we know the figures, but don't know the text, so locking position is useful to don't lose track of the order of figures. After the text has been finished, then it is simple to choose some combination of [tbhp] and remove all [H]s.
– FHZ
Aug 12 '20 at 19:10
Ok, I will try answering this.
Since it will be long, here a TL;DR:
1. H is usually wrong because it's basically the same as not using a floating environment (so why use one), and because does not give a chance to LaTeX to achieve a good (calculated) page break.
2. The default alternative is tbp ie \begin{table}[tbp] is the same as \begin{table}. tbp means that the table is placed whichever LaTeX considers best among the top of the page, the bottom of the page and on a page composed only of floats. This is usually best
3. One could add also the h (to tbp) to make LaTeX consider to place the float exactly where it's declared (if feasible and with good results) sometimes it's useful. Eg. one could say \begin{figure}[htbp]
4. One can also reduce the options, with the caveat that LaTeX could possibly not find a good placement (and send all the floats to the end). This is nevertheless sometimes good for fine tuning, eg begin{table}[tb]. The less the alternatives, the riskier (in terms of page composition) the pagebreaking is.
Basically the TeX related systems are good in make typographic choices, and especially they are usually better in those than the average beginner.
The choices regard paging, paragraph making and float positioning; they're all intertwined. LaTeX may not be the best at page breaking, which can require some manual adjusting, but the result is, in my opinion, pretty decent and way better than what a beginner with no typographic background can achieve (I remark that this is my opinion).
Nevertheless, one has to understand that the float position can be influenced by many things (e.g. references to it, how much of the page it occupies) and it is considered more elegant and less obtrusive to have a figure or table at the top or bottom of the page or on a page of its own. In fact it does not disrupt the "reading flow" and makes the text uniform. Using floating environments usually gives both the text and the floats the space they deserve to be enhanced without reducing the space of the other one. A table in the middle of the text or something like that tends to disturb the "natural greyness" of the text, for example, which some typographers (e.g. Jan Tschichold) consider the most important thing about the text.
So usually it's best to give the float some space and keep it separate, as an easy-to-use reference (if one wants to look at it - nothing is mandatory), but an unobtrusive one.
LaTeX tries and places the floats in a way that give the "best" composition (it has a concept of badness in making pages, and tries to make it the least possible). Sometimes many runs of LaTeX are necessary to "stabilize" the positioning of the floats.
The H option never gives LaTeX a chance to determine the best badness possible, but forces it to put the float immediately where it's declared. That is almost always wrong, because no effort is made to make the pages better.
The default option is tbp which is "try at the top, or at the bottom or on another page". It gives the best flexibility and usually it's the best choice. Sometimes one can add the h letter to try and position the float where it's declared, but what I stated above still applies, and it is usually not a great choice, although sometimes it allows LaTeX to make a good paging. Reducing the alternatives can force LaTeX to put the figures at the end of the chapter/article, due to lack of places where to put them.
I feel almost always the best choice is the default one: any adjustment should help LaTeX achieve a better composition and pagebreaking, and not force LaTeX to follow our arbitrary demands. Also, I feel that this reduces the amount of manual adjusting needed to fine tune the document and overcome the problems in LaTeX pagination.
• @Schweinebacke thanks, I edited it and made my remarks about it. May 19 '17 at 19:20
• While it is true that is better to let large objects float, it is not true that "TeX (or LaTeX) is good in make typographic choices" here. TeX is very good regarding paragraph and line breaking but not regarding page breaking. See e.g. zeeba.tv/media/conferences/tug-2016/0102-Frank-Mittelbach May 19 '17 at 19:39
• @UlrikeFischer I've seen it (fantastic). What I'm arguing is that TeX system are usually better in typography than the average beginner. I will change the wording, thanks May 19 '17 at 19:45
• @Moriambar For the reputationless task man :) Jun 4 '17 at 19:46
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https://socratic.org/questions/how-do-you-find-the-equation-of-the-parabola-vertex-at-the-origin-and-the-direct
|
Precalculus
Topics
How do you find the equation of the parabola vertex at the origin and the directrix at x=7?
Jan 10, 2016
With a vertex $= \left(0 , 0\right)$ and directrix $x = 7$, this parabola opens to the left and will be of the form $x = \left(\frac{1}{4 c}\right) {\left(y - k\right)}^{2} + h$
Explanation:
The absolute distance between the directrix and vertex $c = 7 - 0 = 7$
So, the coefficient $\frac{1}{4 c} = \frac{1}{4 \times 7} = \frac{1}{28}$
The sign of the coefficient must be NEGATIVE because the parabola opens to the left.
vertex $= \left(0 , 0\right) = \left(h , k\right)$
Finally, substitute the values into the equation ...
Equation : $x = \left(- \frac{1}{28}\right) {\left(y - 0\right)}^{2} + 0 = - \frac{{y}^{2}}{28}$
hope that helped
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http://slideplayer.com/slide/4173635/
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# The role of the mean flow and gravity wave forcing in the observed seasonal variability of the migrating diurnal tide. David A. Ortland NorthWest Research.
## Presentation on theme: "The role of the mean flow and gravity wave forcing in the observed seasonal variability of the migrating diurnal tide. David A. Ortland NorthWest Research."— Presentation transcript:
The role of the mean flow and gravity wave forcing in the observed seasonal variability of the migrating diurnal tide. David A. Ortland NorthWest Research Associates Charles McLandress University of Toronto
1.Description of the dynamics of the gravity wave/tide interaction 2.Tidal amplitude modification by GWs? 3.Seasonal variation of tidal amplitude. Main questions: Can variations in gravity wave drag, modulated by mean- flow filtering, account for observed variations in tidal structure? How much does a model of the gravity wave/tide interaction depend on the GW parameterization? Outline:
Gravity wave parameterizations Source spectrum: pseudo-momentum flux density at source level: F(c,z=0) Saturation criterion: each wave in the spectrum propagates conservatively until saturated. Spectrum modified at each level: either saturated waves are obliterated ( F(c,z)=0) or propagate at the saturated bound ( F(c,z)=F sat (c,z)) (e.g. Lindzen parameterization)
Saturation criteria Mean flow forcing For all parameterizations where saturated waves are assumed to be obliterated, the forcing may be expressed as: This shows how forcing strength is related to density, slope of the cutoff curve and the shape of the source spectrum.
Mean flow forcing For all parameterizations where saturated waves are assumed to be obliterated, the forcing may be expressed as: This shows how forcing strength is related to density, slope of the cutoff curve and the shape of the source spectrum.
Source spectrum Saturation spectra for different altitudes. The cutoff phase speed at each altitude is given by the intersection of this curve with the source spectrum. Cutoff phase speed profile (red). Two curves for westward and eastward propagating waves.
Saturation for different spectra The shape of the forcing profile will depend on the altitude dependence of the cutoff phase speed, which, in turn, depends on the shape of the source spectrum. Three examples are shown here and the next figure. Saturation spectra for different altitudes (blue)
Source spectrum determines shape of forcing profile Algebraic source profile (green), as used in the Hines param, produces a force profile that rapidly increases with altitude. Is this realistic?
Shape of source spectrum important for determining altitude where significant tidal interaction occurs Notice that power law (red) causes forcing to occur more in phase with the tide. This explains why the Hines parameterization amplifies tidal amplitude. Sample tide wind profile (green)
Comparison of Hines and AD parameterization using the same source spectrum Doppler spreading causes waves to saturate sooner than they would individually. At each level, saturated part of the spectrum has smaller flux than for AD (AD forcing shown with intermittency=.5)
For gravity wave drag, has real and imaginary part with Im( )<0. A complex implies that the relative phase difference between the GW force and the tide is not 180° Equivalent Rayleigh Friction
Effect of real part of damping coefficient on tide structure Only factor that has a strong influence on tidal amplitude Small effect on horizontal amplitude structure Introduces latitudinal phase variation
Efect of imaginary part of damping coefficient (black=classical mode structure, red=damped structure) Im( )>0 (Diffusion): Longer wavelength Im( )<0 (GW drag) Shorter wavelength In this example: Im( ) = -1 Vertical wavelength= 20km
Phase of forcing relative to the tide depends on source spectrum. The phase shift controls relative magnitude of real and imaginary part of the equivalent Rayleigh friction coefficient
Phase lag depends on saturation criterion
Experiments with a time-dependent linearized primitive equation model Model ingredients: Background winds taken from UARS Reference Atmosphere Project (URAP) or Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM); (1,1) Hough mode forcing in troposphere derived from CMAM annual mean; Eddy and molecular diffusion in MLT; Alexander-Dunkerton or Hines gravity wave parameterization; Only forcing from momentum deposition due to GW breaking (not parameterized eddy diffusion)
GW forcing of the mean flow winds: URAP (UARS reference atmosphere) for January radiative equilibrium temperatures from MIDRAD GW force required to maintain climatology GW force computed from AD parameterization
Background zonal mean zonal winds used in the tidal model
Meridional wind amplitude URAP background, Alexander-Dunkerton GW parameterization
Gravity wave effects on tidal structure: narrower horizontal structure shorter vertical wavelength
Comparison of direct (EP flux divergence) and diffusive gravity wave forcing Time-mean component of GW force Diurnal component of GW force Note similar lat-alt structure of diffusive and direct forcing Relatively weak below 90 km and therefore not likely to have much effect on tidal amplitude
Adding GW parameterization enhances seasonal variability with URAP winds
Adding GW parameterization enhances seasonal variability with URAP winds Note: Alexander-Dunkerton GW parameterization reduces amplitude
Including GW forcing does not enhance seasonal variability with CMAM winds
Seasonal variation of GW forcing Solstice winds cause a relatively larger in- phase component of forcing, leading to enhanc0ed damping of the tide amplitude. The force is also confined to the winter hemisphere.
Seasonal variation of GW forcing Seasonal variability depends more on the background winds used and not the GQ parameterization
Mean wind modulation of GW forcing (Alexander-Dunkerton parameterization) Latitude This GW force enhancement, responsible for the seasonal amplitude variability using URAP background winds is absent using CMAM winds
Mean flow modulation of GW breaking Why do URAP and CMAM winds cause different behavior in GW forcing? Answer appears to be that CMAM does not produce an equatorward tilt of the winter jet. Low phase speed waves near peak of spectrum break higher, causing larger acceleration, in a stronger winter jet Jet is weak at mid-latitudes
Mean flow modulation of GW breaking Peak of spectrum shielded by westerly tropospheric jet
Conclusions Seasonal wind variations modulate the gravity wave forcing and eddy diffusion –Winter hemisphere jet causes waves near the peak of the GW spectrum to break in the mesosphere. Very strong GW drag and eddy diffusion can occur in mid-latitudes at the top of a strong jet. –GW drag has stronger effect on the tide than eddy diffusion –Effect of gravity wave drag likely depends somewhat on GW parameterization, but mostly on the shape of the source spectrum –When the GW effective friction has a large negative imaginary component, GW interaction will reduce the vertical wavelength of the tide and thereby enhance the effects of any ambient diffusion –Seasonal variation of the GW/tide interaction appears to be very sensitive to the structure of the mean flow, and may require a westerly jet tilted equatorward for this to be an effective mechanism of seasonal variability.
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http://mosaic.math.tamu.edu/courses/math609/
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# MATH 609 - Numerical Analysis - Fall 2017
Credits 4. 3 Lecture Hours. 3 Lab Hours.
Interpolation, numerical evaluation of definite integrals and solution of ordinary differential equations; stability and convergence of methods and error estimates.
Prerequisite: Knowledge of computer programming (C or FORTRAN).
### Sections
Sec Instructor Lecture Recitation/Computer Lab
600 Bojan Popov MW 11:10-12:25pm BLOC 205B
T 3:55-4:45pm BLOC 133
700 Andrea Bonito TBA TBA
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http://clay6.com/qa/80730/in-a-monohybrid-cross-of-plants-with-red-and-white-flowered-plants-mendel-g
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In a monohybrid cross of plants with red and white flowered plants, Mendel got only pink flowered plants. On self pollinating of these $F_1$ plants got both red and white flowered plants in the 3:1 ratio. Explain the basis of using RR and rr symbols t represent the genotype of the plants of the parental generation.
In snapdragons, Mendel crossed red and white flowered plants. The red flowers on selfing produced only white flowers. He used 'R' to designate red flowers and 'r' for white flowered plants. When he crossed he obtained a pink coloured flower that showed an intermediate expression. On selfing, the $F_1$ hybrid, he got 1 red coloured flower, 1 white coloured flower along with 2 pink coloured flowers. Thus RR represented red flowers, rr the white flowers and Rr the pink colours respectively. In this cross red was not dominant completely and this exemplifies the concept of Incomplete Dominance.
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http://winning-casino.win/racing-games/
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The 2017 Longines World's Best Racehorse and Longines World's Best Horse Race Ceremony will be held on 23 January 2018 in London, England. As in prior years, Longines and the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) have selected Claridge's as the venue. The ceremony, the fifth ...
Museum of the Year: Tate Modern to race horse museum for £100,000 prize. Tate Modern in London and The National Heritage Centre for Horseracing and Sporting Art in Newmarket, Suffolk, are both nominated for the £100,000. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]
## “The” Illustrated London News - Google Books
Thoroughbred pedigree for London News, progeny, and female family reports from the Thoroughbred Horse Pedigree Query.
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## Latex multiply symbols
amsmath package defines a \dots command, which is similar to the existing \ldots command. In Math, the \cdot command can be used to represent the centered dot multiplication symbol as opposed to the conventional \times symbol and similar to \ldots we have \cdots .
How do you create that multiplication dot in a unit? For example with g/mol- but instead of using the slash I want to use a multiplication dot (g(dot)mol-) ?? thanks. Last edited by ghostanime2001 on Sat Jun 25, 2011 6:56 am, edited 1 time in total. Top ...
Different classes of mathematical symbols are characterized by different formatting (for example, variables are itzlized, but operators are not) and different spacing. Open an example in ShareLaTeX ...
## LaTeX - OeisWiki
In LaTeX backslash is used to generate a special symbol or a command. Curly brackets. symbols like "*"! In LaTeX you use the command \cdot to make a multiplication-dot... Other brackets, on the other hand, have special meaning in LaTeX-code; you can't just write { since this character is used for grouping characters.
latex A.tex and cutting the pictures out of the resulting preview. Relevant parts of the latex code are reproduced under each of the pictures. Some of the symbols have an explanatory text. This text is found in the latex code, mostly stating that they are parts of some spacial setup and cannot be used in standard LaTeX. Each of ...
1 Integrals; 2 Multiple integrals; 3 Sums and products; 4 Limits; 5 Integer and sum limits improvement; 6 Further reading. Note, that integral expression may seems a little different in inline and display math mode - in inline mode the integral symbol and the limits are compressed.. Open an example in ShareLaTeX ...
Different classes of mathematical symbols are characterized by different formatting (for example, variables are itzlized, but operators are not) and different spacing. Open an example in ShareLaTeX ...
### Video
2. Markdown & LaTeX - Jupyter Tutorial (IPython 3)
### Writing mathematical expressions — Matplotlib 2.0.2 documentation
amsmath package defines a \dots command, which is similar to the existing \ldots command. In Math, the \cdot command can be used to represent the centered dot multiplication symbol as opposed to the conventional \times symbol and similar to \ldots we have \cdots .
In LaTeX backslash is used to generate a special symbol or a command. Curly brackets. symbols like "*"! In LaTeX you use the command \cdot to make a multiplication-dot... Other brackets, on the other hand, have special meaning in LaTeX-code; you can't just write { since this character is used for grouping characters.
More...
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## London news racehorse
Latest news. See all · FINE DINING AT ROYAL ASCOT CONTINUES TO DIVERSIFY. Ascot Racecourse prides itself on tradition as well as innovation and the Fine Dining concepts at the Royal Meeting in June perfectly illustrate this. Waiting Patiently a Poignant Winner. The hugely promising Waiting Patiently scored a fifth ...
The 2017 Longines World's Best Racehorse and Longines World's Best Horse Race Ceremony will be held on 23 January 2018 in London, England. As in prior years, Longines and the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) have selected Claridge's as the venue. The ceremony, the fifth ...
Museum of the Year: Tate Modern to race horse museum for £100,000 prize. Tate Modern in London and The National Heritage Centre for Horseracing and Sporting Art in Newmarket, Suffolk, are both nominated for the £100,000. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]
## “The” Illustrated London News - Google Books
Thoroughbred pedigree for London News, progeny, and female family reports from the Thoroughbred Horse Pedigree Query.
Zenyatta Greatest Race Horse Of All Time! Montage - All 19 Wins - Duration: 9:48. TVG Network 216,992.
London News horse page with past performances, results, pedigree, photos and videos. London News horse rating and status. See who is a fan of London News.
LONDON NEWS, Best FMR: 134lbs, Sex: Colt, Foaled: 1992, Colour: Chestnut, Country: SAF, LONDON NEWS, Sire: BUSH TELEGRAPH, Dam: SOHO SECRET, Dam Sire: REGENT STREET, Best FMR: 134lbs, Sex: Colt, Foaled: 1992, Colour: Chestnut, Country: SAF.Missing:
### Video
Horse Racing In Ascot London!!(Close finish)
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More...
## Latex multiply symbols
amsmath package defines a \dots command, which is similar to the existing \ldots command. In Math, the \cdot command can be used to represent the centered dot multiplication symbol as opposed to the conventional \times symbol and similar to \ldots we have \cdots .
How do you create that multiplication dot in a unit? For example with g/mol- but instead of using the slash I want to use a multiplication dot (g(dot)mol-) ?? thanks. Last edited by ghostanime2001 on Sat Jun 25, 2011 6:56 am, edited 1 time in total. Top ...
Different classes of mathematical symbols are characterized by different formatting (for example, variables are itzlized, but operators are not) and different spacing. Open an example in ShareLaTeX ...
## LaTeX - OeisWiki
In LaTeX backslash is used to generate a special symbol or a command. Curly brackets. symbols like "*"! In LaTeX you use the command \cdot to make a multiplication-dot... Other brackets, on the other hand, have special meaning in LaTeX-code; you can't just write { since this character is used for grouping characters.
latex A.tex and cutting the pictures out of the resulting preview. Relevant parts of the latex code are reproduced under each of the pictures. Some of the symbols have an explanatory text. This text is found in the latex code, mostly stating that they are parts of some spacial setup and cannot be used in standard LaTeX. Each of ...
1 Integrals; 2 Multiple integrals; 3 Sums and products; 4 Limits; 5 Integer and sum limits improvement; 6 Further reading. Note, that integral expression may seems a little different in inline and display math mode - in inline mode the integral symbol and the limits are compressed.. Open an example in ShareLaTeX ...
Different classes of mathematical symbols are characterized by different formatting (for example, variables are itzlized, but operators are not) and different spacing. Open an example in ShareLaTeX ...
### Video
2. Markdown & LaTeX - Jupyter Tutorial (IPython 3)
### Writing mathematical expressions — Matplotlib 2.0.2 documentation
amsmath package defines a \dots command, which is similar to the existing \ldots command. In Math, the \cdot command can be used to represent the centered dot multiplication symbol as opposed to the conventional \times symbol and similar to \ldots we have \cdots .
In LaTeX backslash is used to generate a special symbol or a command. Curly brackets. symbols like "*"! In LaTeX you use the command \cdot to make a multiplication-dot... Other brackets, on the other hand, have special meaning in LaTeX-code; you can't just write { since this character is used for grouping characters.
More...
1 2 3 4 5 6
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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/venus-retrograde-rotation-redux.98323/
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1. Nov 4, 2005
### WarrenPlatts
I think I might have a possible explanation for the peculiar, west-to-east rotation of Venus, where a day is longer than a year.
Venus "wants" to have one side always facing the sun, so that one rotation would equal one revolution (like the Moon). However, once Venus achieved this state, every time it was in opposition to Earth (at which point it is only .3 AU's away), it would also "want" to have one side always pointing at Earth. This represents a glancing, gravitational, inelastic collision that would induce a tiny westward "kick" to Venus everytime it speeds past the Earth that might be enough to cause the slow retrograde rotation. It's sort of like when a cue ball strikes a glancing blow on the left side of another pool ball, a left-ward spin is induced.:tongue:
I've completely forgot how to do calculus, so I don't have much of an idea as to how to quantitatively attack this problem to see if I am crazy or not. :uhh: Any ideas?
Last edited: Nov 4, 2005
2. Nov 4, 2005
### Andre
I do wonder what will happen to this thread.
3. Nov 4, 2005
### WarrenPlatts
Why? Granted, I probably should have put it in the celestial mechanics forum. . . . Also, I just found out the idea is not original to me, and that it is still being debated by astronomers so it's not entirely out of the mainstream. The main problem is that one would expect the tidal effects of the sun to predominate.
BTW, I did read your interesting paper on Venus, but it didn't mention possible tidal effects of Earth.
4. Nov 4, 2005
5. Nov 4, 2005
### SpaceTiger
Staff Emeritus
Do you have a reference for this?
6. Nov 4, 2005
### Phobos
Staff Emeritus
Hmm. I suppose I could be hard-nosed about this and direct you to the IR forum (probably a dead end without any math to present), but perhaps we can keep this going in the CM forum if we keep to the following (or similar):
(1) what are the main current scientific hypotheses/theories on this matter?
(2) how would we begin to quantitatively address Warren's hypothesis?
A more thorough working out of this idea would need to go to the IR forum.
7. Nov 4, 2005
### WarrenPlatts
http://astro.uchicago.edu/home/web/lucia/a100/lectures/venus.html#retro
(my emphasis)
Last edited: Nov 4, 2005
8. Nov 4, 2005
### Andre
There is absolutely no textbook consensus about the retrograde rotation of Venus. Consequently, anything goes or the first one who does not get discredited.
To introduce a tiny bit of math for Warren, what would be order of magnitude gravity difference for Venus to the Sun at 0,7 AU versus Venus to the Earth at a pseudo harmonic varying range between 1,7 and 0,3 AU?
See how Correia and Laskar disregard any notion about resonance with Earth:
http://www.imcce.fr/Equipes/ASD/preprints/prep.2002/venus2.2002.pdf
There may be wild reasons for the resonance, coincidence probably being one of them.
9. Nov 4, 2005
### Andre
10. Nov 4, 2005
### WarrenPlatts
I don't have much math, but some simple back of the envelope geometry allows me to make a prediction.
Every two years, the same side of Venus basically points toward Earth. Thus, consider the following table:
Earth Venus
Year Position
0 12 O'clock
2 9
4 6
6 3
8 12
Repeat cycle. . .
Assume that you're looking down on the solar system and the planets are moving counterclockwise.
Now consider this map of Venus:
http://www.solarviews.com/raw/venus/venmap.gif
One immediately sees that one side of Venus consists of dark lowlands and the other side is has lighter colored highlands; in other words its sort of like the Moon, which always has its mare basalts pointed at Earth.
Hence my prediction:
Every 4 years, when the Earth is at perigee (July 4), Venus will be in conjunction relative to the Earth (i.e., lined up with the Sun), and Venus's dark side will be facing Earth.
So, the question is: What time is it on Venus?
No, the night before last, I couldn't fall asleep until after sunrise because I was thinking about this. I know--I need to get a life. . . .
11. Nov 4, 2005
### SpaceTiger
Staff Emeritus
It would seem that astronomers are debating the connection between the earth and venus' rotation, but not for quite the reasons your model would suggest. First of all, the reason we suspect a connection is observational; that is, we observe a resonance between the earth's orbital period and venus' rotation period. From a theoretical point of view, it makes very little sense that the earth should be the dominant factor here. The tidal force is given by:
$$F_t=\frac{2GM_{perturber}M_{perturbee}\Delta r}{r^3}$$
where $\Delta r$ is the size of the perturbee and r is its distance from the perturber. To find the relative magnitudes of the tidal force from the sun and earth, you just do:
$$\frac{F_{t,earth}}{F_{t,sun}}=\frac{M_{earth}}{M_{sun}}(\frac{r_{sun}}{r_{earth}})^3$$
At the minimum earth-venus separation, this gives
$$(3 \times 10^{-6})(18) \simeq 5 \times 10^{-5}$$
That's pretty tiny. Any "kick" provided by the earth should be quickly corrected by the sun's tidal field. Also, it's not obvious to me why your argument should apply only to Venus. There are other planets in the solar system that could be given similar types of kicks by their neighbors.
It should also be noted that the theories suggested by the links you provided are qualitatively different from yours. Rather than spinning venus down and then up in the opposite direction, they're suggesting that it was simply flipped over. That is, the torque provided by the earth was parallel to the plane of the solar system rather than perpendicular to it.
I don't want to discourage you from thinking about these things, but your model is oversimplifying the issue a bit. In particular, your prediction:
implies not only that venus' spin period should be in resonance with the earth, but also its orbital period. This is known not to be the case.
12. Nov 5, 2005
### WarrenPlatts
Actually, there is a remarkable 8:13 resonance between the orbital periods of Earth and Venus, respectively, that is even tighter than the rotation resonance.
cf.: http://www.exo.net/~pauld/activities/astronomy/transitvenus/venustransit2004.htm
13. Nov 5, 2005
### SpaceTiger
Staff Emeritus
The existence of a small, approximately natural number ratio in the periods does not necessarily mean that there is a resonance. In this case, it's probably a coincidence. To my knowledge, the only recognized orbit-orbit resonance of the planets is between Neptune and Pluto (3:2). Really, we probably shouldn't even be calling the spin-orbit relationship between earth and venus a "resonance", more like a "near-resonance."
Anyway, it would still be inconsistent with your prediction, which implies a 2:1 orbit-orbit resonance between Venus and Earth (or 4:1 or 1:1, but I'll assume you weren't suggesting these).
14. Nov 5, 2005
### Andre
let's check that resonance.
Factsheet: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html
So with sidereal years (224.701) and days (243.0208) basically after every two Earth years (730.512 Earth days) Venus has completed 3.005965 Venus days and consequently is 1,44 hrs beyond the same orientation.
After eight Earth years (2922.048 days) Venus has just completed it's 13th year (2921.113 earth days, 12.02001 Venus days) So they have approximately the same orientation again reference each other like the closest distance to each other. This is after 12.02386 Venus days, so Venus is about 5 hrs 45 minutes beyond perfect resonance.
In this position Venus always shows it's dark side of course(shadow)
Nice map, but forget about the colors. It's radar imagery just reflecting radar reflectivity. Smooth surface is dark, rough surface is bright. Brightness also increases with higher metal contends of the rocks. The strong reflectivity of the higher terrain is also a formal Venus mystery.
15. Nov 5, 2005
### tony873004
There's a big difference between ratios that are almost integers and ratios that are integers. And ratios that are integers aren't necessarily integers at any given moment, but over long periods of time, they average into integers.
Take a look at the two illustrations. The first one shows the Sun, Venus and Earth in what last month's Sky & Telescope magazine called a "Kepler's Pretzel". Notice how the top loop is a little thicker than the rest. That's because I let it run one loop beyond a complete cycle. After Venus traced its 5 loops, it began to almost repeat the pattern. But it is not repeating the pattern, and ultimately each loop will advance upon and pass the loop ahead of it.
The second illustration is an animated GIF of Neptune and Pluto in a rotating frame. Neptune is the almost-stationary blue dot. Pluto's orbit is the purple path. It shows a completely different story for Neptune and Pluto. At any given moment, their periods are not exactly 3:2. So Pluto’s perihelion advanced upon Neptune’s position. But when Pluto's perihelion advances too close to Neptune, orbital energy is exchanged which ever so slightly changes Pluto's period. This prevents it from coming any closer to Neptune. Pluto's perihelion then spends thousands of years advancing in the opposite direction until it encounters Neptune from the other side. Then the exchange of energy happens again and repels Pluto's perihelion once again, preventing it from ever coming close to Neptune.
In the Earth/Venus situation, no such mechanism exists. So their periods are just coincidentally a ratio of approximate integers. But the Neptune/Pluto situation corrects itself when it tries to go astray, ensuring that its ratio averages Exactly 3:2 over long periods of time.
As an analogy, picture 2 cars driving down the freeway at almost the same speed. They appear to be in a 1:1 ratio with each other. For every 1 mile the first car drives, the second car also drives 1 mile. But the drivers are strangers to each other. They are just coincidentally driving at about the exact same speed, and in the same direction. After 100's of miles they are likely to be quite a distance from each other, especially if one stops for gas, or a rest, etc. It becomes obvious that their 1:1 resonance isn't exactly 1:1.
Now imagine 2 drivers that know each other. They are driving together to the same destination. They also appear to be in a 1:1 resonance. But not only do they have similar speeds, but when their distances get too great, they correct for that to maintain an acceptable spacing. If one has to stop for gas, and the other one doesn't need gas, he pulls over anyway. After thousands miles, they are still within a few hundred yards of each other. Although at any given moment their speeds might not be exactly the same, their speeds, and therefore their resonance averages exactly 1:1 no matter how far they drive.
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16. Nov 6, 2005
### WarrenPlatts
Eurekaaaaaaa!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I figured it out at 2AM Saturday morning, but after that I slept good.
It makes predictions and is surprising in ways even to me. :surprised However, I'm afraid to post the solution here quite yet. But believe me, it works! :!!)
Meanwhile. . . .
SpaceTiger: using your formula, I ran the numbers for Jupiter, and Earth exerts 10 times more tidal force than Jupiter, the only other possible contender. Granted, the Sun exerts 25,000 times more force than Earth. But think of a heavy pendulum. A small impulse timed just right will still move it. What I need to do is integrate the total impulse exerted by Earth over over 144 Earth days from the maximum eastern elongation to the maximum western elongation (this is just a line from Earth tangent to the orbit of Venus), taking into account the motion of the planets, and then see what the net force direction is and how much of a torque this could apply to the rotational angular momentum of Venus. This should only require basic calculus, and Newton's law of gravitation.
No, no, my friend. At the risk of giving away too much, what I am suggesting is that in addition to the 2:3 and 8:13 resonances, there are also 5:8, 5:13 and 12:13 resonances at work, and probably others that I haven't discovered yet! :!!)
Believe me, I have an elegant solution to this problem.
However, I wonder about the accuracy of the measurement of the length of the sidereal rotation. I understand that this has been determined using Earth-based radar. Thus, I need to know what the expected error is of these measurements. Most figures I've seen just say 243, I saw one that said 243.1, my CRC handbook says 243.01, yet based on the NASA website, you say 243.0208--7 significant figures. My model suggests that these estimates are off by a couple of one hundreths of one percent--about an hour. To put this figure in perspective .0002 of 24 hours is about 17 seconds--small, but significant. So, this could be a fatal flaw for the resonance model; on the other hand, if future revisions of the day length become closer to that predicted by the resonance model, that would be strong confirmation that the model is true.
Also, I haven't yet taken into account the eccentricity of Earth's orbit, and certain precessions, recessions or librations might account for the difference.
My point exactly! This is evidence that the mass distribution within Venus is anisotropic with respect to the volume of Venus--just like the Moon.
Like I said, if one fudges the Venus day length a tiny bit, the resonance model is extremely precise. This model does imply that Venus is in dynamic equilibrium, and so there must be some sort of mechanism that has to do with the Earth that maintains this equilibrium. Just because we don't know exactly how this mechanism works does not imply that such a mechanism does not exist.
Regarding the Kepler's pretzel, are the loops supposed to represent the rotation of Venus, or the crazy orbital path of some small object? Also, I downloaded gravity simulator, but couldn't get the time step command to work. Any suggestions?
Bottom line is that there are way too many cooincidences--and this requires a special explanation. It's like in biology. A watch implies a watchmaker, or at least natural selection. Rather than trying to derive Venus's rotation from first principles, a better approach is to assume that the rotation is there because it is a good design for the intrinsic value of least action. One's task is then to reverse engineer this design--a top down approach. Physical science can benefit from a healthy dose of biology-style teleology.
Last edited: Nov 6, 2005
17. Nov 6, 2005
### tony873004
Sorry, I didn't explain the Kepler's Pretzel well. This shows the motion of Venus in an Earth-centered universe. It doesn't represent Venus' rotation. The dot in the middle represents Earth, the yellow circle represents the path of the Sun around Earth, and the white pretzel represents the path of Venus around the Earth. No wonder this model drove the ancient people crazy! In a day and age when we know that Earth is not in the center, Kepler's Pretzel still helps to illustrate things.
Each of those loops represents a Venus inferior conjunction, when Venus makes a close pass to Earth. They happen about every 1.6 years. The next one will happen in January. After every group of 5, the pattern repeats itself. That's why transits of Venus happen in pairs, spaced 8 years apart (1.6 * 5 = 8).
Mars is another interesting object to view in a Kepler's Pretzel. It is currently at a close point to Earth, making a loop. If you run time backwards, you can see that the loop it made 2 years ago was even closer. Hence, the 2003 opposition was the closest in thousands of years. Run time forwards and you will see that it will not loop as close to Earth as it does in 2005 until the year 2018.
To make a Kepler's Pretzel in Gravity Simulator, open the simulation "onlyplanets.gsim". If the user controls are not visible on the screen, press F8 or F9. Then choose Earth as the "Focus Object". Make sure your trails are turned on (The T button), and increase the Time Step. There's a + button on the Time Step control. But don't exceed 16384 or you'll be introducing math errors into the simulation, and your planets will wander from their true positions.
18. Nov 6, 2005
### Andre
Careful, it's illegal to have new ideas here.
Well the mapping of Magelan would probably have been a mess if that rotation wasn't accurate to a good couple of decimals.
I strongly suggest to consult the Correia and Lasker paper I linked to earlier, also part one:
http://www.imcce.fr/Equipes/ASD/preprints/prep.2002/venus1.2002.pdf
http://www.imcce.fr/Equipes/ASD/preprints/prep.2002/venus2.2002.pdf
19. Nov 6, 2005
### SpaceTiger
Staff Emeritus
I think you're missing the point. I'm not saying that the earth has no effect on Venus, I'm saying that it wouldn't make sense for Venus to be "locked" to earth instead of the sun. In your pendulum analogy, any impulse I give it (regardless of timing) will increase its energy, changing the behavior of the pendulum. In the small angle approximation, the period of the pendulum won't increase, but the amplitude of oscillation will.
In the case of "competing tides" between the earth and sun, the forces are behaving quite differently. Imagine that Venus' rotation period is the same as its orbital period (that is, it's tidally locked to the sun). Then imagine that earth comes along and provides a little impulse that tries to lock Venus to its orbital period. What happens? Well, the earth will certainly perturb Venus, such that its rotation period doesn't exactly match that of the sun. However, as the earth and Venus leave conjunction, the impulse from the earth will decrease significantly and the sun will simply "pull" venus back into a lock with its orbit. This is in contrast to the pendulum, where there was nothing to "pull" it back to its original state.
But what about all the angular momentum and energy transfers that are going on? It's certainly true that, when the earth interacts with venus, they exchange energy and angular momentum. When the sun pulls Venus back to its original spin rate, does this mean that the energy and angular momentum are returned to their original state? No, the second interaction was between the sun and venus, not the earth and venus! In fact, the earth's orbit will change as a result of the interaction. Likewise, Venus' orbit will change as a result of its attempts to lock the earth's spin period.
As you can see, the picture is rapidly becoming complicated. In fact, the interactions I've described so far are of even higher order than most of the "perturbations" we consider when calculating orbits. As was already stated, tidal locking is the result of tidal forces, which are much weaker than direct gravitational forces. Not only are all of these forces difficult to compute, but it turns out that the system will actually display chaotic behavior as a result of these perturbations.
I was being generous I said you were oversimplifying things "a bit". You're not far off when you say that the problem requires only "basic calculus, and Newton's law of gravitation", but I think you underestimate the complexity that can arise from a many-body gravitational system.
Your prediction, as it was stated originally, did in fact imply one of the resonances I mentioned earlier, not the ones you give above. The mathematics that go into predicting high-order resonances are extremely complicated, so I suspect you're just doing numerology here.
Last edited: Nov 6, 2005
20. Nov 6, 2005
### WarrenPlatts
:rofl: :rofl: :rofl: OK! OK! OK! :!!) :!!) :!!)
I can't resist it, so I'll give you my results so far. I guess this place is legit enough to establish my priority if no one else has thought of this (which they probably have, although this problem has only been around for 40 years or so). Maybe if it's original, one of you all can help me coathor a little note to Nature or at least The Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
ANSWER: The real resonance is not between Venus's sidereal rotation and Earth's orbital period--the REAL resonance is between the Venus/Earth synodic period and Venus's diurnal day. :tongue2: :tongue2: :tongue2:
I was struck by the 8 Earth year: 13 Venus year resonance. Yet I realized what's really important are the inferior conjunctions: this is when Earth's gravitational "kick" is going to be the strongest. Yet, I thought it would be odd if the 8th year conjunction happened in exactly the same place every 8 years. So, I ran the numbers: assuming circular orbits and an Earth sidereal year of 365.2564 and a Venus sidereal period of 224.701 days, these planets sweep out .985609 and 1.60213 degrees per day as they orbit. Sure enough, after exactly eight Earth years (2,992 days), the planets are not in conjunction: the actual conjunction occurs 2 days earlier, and 2 degrees to the right (i.e., clockwise looking down). In other words, the 8-year inferior conjuction regresses about 2.8 degrees every 8 years.
So, I thought AHA!: if my theory is right, what I call the "heading" of Venus will be pointing at Earth during the 8-year, rather than 000 as it was the first time. (That is, for my simulation, I arbitrarily defined an inertial coordinate system based on the Sun, using degrees as the unit of measurement. Thus, at the start, both Earth and Venus had an initial bearing from the sun of 000. Then I defined the "heading" of Venus as the local midnight meridian pointed at the Earth at the moment of the first inferior conjunction. Thus, the first heading of Venus was 000.) However, after 8 Earth years (13 Venus years) the inferior conjuction bearing from the Sun was 002. So, I predicted that the Venus heading at the time of conjuction would also be 002; and guess what? The prediction worked out. (Sorry about talk of bearings and headings--I used to be a Navy quartermaster, so that's naturally how I think about these things.)
So then, for the hell of it, I decided to see what Venus's heading would be at the other inferior conjunctions (which occur, of course, every 584 days--which is the Earth-Venus synodic period). And to my surprise: It turns out that the Venus heading matched the Earth/Venus solar bearing. In other words, Venus presents the same side to Earth AT EVERY INFERIOR CONJUNCTION!
Now, I ran my simulation (on an Xcel spreadsheet) out to 64 years (23,257 days), and granted it got a little off. So, I tweaked the Venus sideral day to 243.1675 (versus 243.1 that I had started with), and this made it work out perfectly after 64 years.
And today, after reading Tony's latest post, I found a new resonance: The reason I asked if the loops in his diagram were Venus's rotation is because they match the inferior conjunction period (i.e., 5 conjunctions per 8 Earth years). Tony said they did not, so I checked my simulation again to see about Venus's diurnal days. And again, to my surprise turns out that there are exactly 5 day/night cycles per inferior conjunction! In other words, Venus gets a "kick" out of the Earth every 5 Venus days (diurnal days, that is). :!!):!!):!!):!!) :surprised
Thus, my theory makes three concrete predictions (which is more than Correia and Lasker, et al. can say): (1) the measured rotational period of Venus is too low by about an hour; (2) there is a density assymetry within Venus; (3) one side or the other defined by this axis will always face Earth every inferior conjunction. And prediction (1) might not pan out because of Earth's eccentricity. Tony says the next 8 year conjunction will occur in January--which is during Earth's perihelion. But there are five conjunctions per 8 years, and it is not a circular pattern--rather it goes in a five pointed star or pentacle pattern. This means that the opposite two points are happening at aphelion now. What effect this has, I don't know, but it's bound to throw things off a little over the short term. Considering that the 8-year inferior conjunction recession cycle takes about 1,212 years to complete, and we've only had any idea about Venus's rotation in the last 40 years, an hour off now might be made up 500 years from now. Actually, now that I think about it, the point of the star will be at aphelion in only 121 years from now. So, if it's off by an hour now, it should make itself up within the next century or so (prediction #4).
So, SpaceTiger, how many more coincidences have to pile up before you are willing to consider the alternative hypothesis? Are you telling me that a 25 kg pendulum could not be caused to wobble by a 1 gram impulse precisely timed to its theoretical, small amplitude period?
My hunch is that Venus's orbit is just about perfectly circular for a reason; that is, it is locked into its circular orbit. Therefore, any momentum transfers between Earth and Venus will have to come out of Venus's rotational angular momentum, as opposed to its orbital angular momentum. Probably, the Earth sucks momentum out of Venus, and this is made up by Venus sucking angular momentum from the Sun. But what do I know--I'm a mere graduate student of philosophy.
Last edited: Nov 6, 2005
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# 27 Posts
1d asked Is the critical point of an embedding of a model of set theory inaccessible in it? 1d asked Looking for extender axioms 2d answered Finding a minimum of a function, measuring the sum of the squares of distance from some points of the $\mathbb{R}^n$ 2d answered $\omega_1$-closedness and fullness for $\searrow$ $\omega$-sequences Aug 26 asked Closeness of measures on a cardinal Feb 21 asked Homology isomorphism of $H_n(S^d\times X)$ and $H_{n-1}(S^{d-1}\times X)$ Dec 17 answered $cov(null)$ in a Cohen model Dec 16 asked $cov(null)$ in a Cohen model Nov 4 answered How to force $\diamondsuit$ Nov 4 asked How to force $\diamondsuit$ Jul 21 asked About singular $\beth_{\alpha}$ for limit ordinals $\alpha$ Jul 20 answered $H(\kappa)$-absoluteness of a formula Jul 20 asked $H(\kappa)$-absoluteness of a formula Jul 9 asked Is this formula $\Sigma_1^{ZF}$? Jun 29 asked Definiteness of omega May 28 asked ZF: Regularity axiom or axiom schema? May 8 asked $\{x:Ax\leq 0\}$ contains a subset of type $\{x:A'x=0, ax\leq 0\}$ Apr 5 asked Existence of a singleton set (AC for a singleton set) Feb 3 asked Definabilty of two functions on natural numbers Feb 3 asked Computing the determinant of $\operatorname{id}+aa^t$
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https://www.r-bloggers.com/2018/10/machine-learning-basics-random-forest/
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A few colleagues of mine and I from codecentric.ai are currently working on developing a free online course about machine learning and deep learning. As part of this course, I am developing a series of videos about machine learning basics – the first video in this series was about Random Forests.
You can find the video on YouTube but as of now, it is only available in German. Same goes for the slides, which are also currently German only.
I did however translate my script:
Random Forest (RF) is one of the many machine learning algorithms used for supervised learning, this means for learning from labelled data and making predictions based on the learned patterns. RF can be used for both classification and regression tasks.
## Decision trees
RF is based on decision trees. In machine learning decision trees are a technique for creating predictive models. They are called decision trees because the prediction follows several branches of “if… then…” decision splits – similar to the branches of a tree. If we imagine that we start with a sample, which we want to predict a class for, we would start at the bottom of a tree and travel up the trunk until we come to the first split-off branch. This split can be thought of as a feature in machine learning, let’s say it would be “age”; we would now make a decision about which branch to follow: “if our sample has an age bigger than 30, continue along the left branch, else continue along the right branch”. This we would do until we come to the next branch and repeat the same decision process until there are no more branches before us. This endpoint is called a leaf and in decision trees would represent the final result: a predicted class or value.
At each branch, the feature thresholds that best split the (remaining) samples locally is found. The most common metrics for defining the “best split” are gini impurity and information gain for classification tasks and variance reduction for regression.
Single decision trees are very easy to visualize and understand because they follow a method of decision-making that is very similar to how we humans make decisions: with a chain of simple rules. However, they are not very robust, i.e. they don’t generalize well to unseen samples. Here is where Random Forests come into play.
## Ensemble learning
RF makes predictions by combining the results from many individual decision trees – so we cal them a forest of decision trees. Because RF combines multiple models, it falls under the category of ensemble learning. Other ensemble learning methods are gradient boosting and stacked ensembles.
## Combining decision trees
There are two main ways for combining the outputs of multiple decision trees into a random forest:
1. Bagging, which is also called Bootstrap aggregation (used in Random Forests)
2. Boosting (used in Gradient Boosting Machines)
Bagging works the following way: decision trees are trained on randomly sampled subsets of the data, while sampling is being done with replacement. Bagging is the default method used with Random Forests. A big advantage of bagging over individual trees is that it decrease the variance of the model. Individual trees are very prone to overfitting and are very sensitive to noise in the data. As long as our individual trees are not correlated, combining them with bagging will make them more robust without increasing the bias. The part about correlation is important, though! We remove (most of) the correlation by randomly sampling subsets of data and training the different decision trees on this subsets instead of on the entire dataset. In addition to randomly sampling instances from our data, RF also uses feature bagging. With feature bagging, at each split in the decision tree only a random subset of features is considered. This technique reduces correlation even more because it helps reduce the impact of very strong predictor variables (i.e. features that have a very strong influence on predicting the target or response variable).
Boosting works similarly but with one major difference: the samples are weighted for sampling so that samples, which were predicted incorrectly get a higher weight and are therefore sampled more often. The idea behind this is that difficult cases should be emphasized during learning compared to easy cases. Because of this difference bagging can be easily paralleled, while boosting is performed sequentially.
The final result of our model is calculated by averaging over all predictions from these sampled trees or by majority vote.
## Hyperparameters to be tuned
Hyperparameters are the arguments that can be set before training and which define how the training is done. The main hyperparameters in Random Forests are
• The number of decision trees to be combined
• The maximum depth of the trees
• The maximum number of features considered at each split
• Whether bagging/bootstrapping is performed with or without replacement
## Training Random Forest models
Random Forest implementations are available in many machine learning libraries for R and Python, like caret (R, imports the randomForest and other RF packages), Scikit-learn (Python) and H2O (R and Python).
Examples in R can be found here: https://shirinsplayground.netlify.com/2018/06/intro_to_ml_workshop_heidelberg/.
## Other tree-based machine learning algorithms
The pros of Random Forests are that they are a relatively fast and powerful algorithm for classification and regression learning. Calculations can be parallelized and perform well on many problems, even with small datasets and the output returns prediction probabilities.
Downsides of Random Forests are that they are black-boxes, meaning that we can’t interpret the decisions made by the model because they are too complex. RF are also somewhat prone to overfitting and they tend to be bad at predicting underrepresented classes in unbalanced datasets.
Other tree-based algorithms are (Extreme) Gradient Boosting and Rotation Forests.
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