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Stefan Hammarén is a Finnish author who writes in Swedish, belonging to the Swedish-speaking minority of the country. He is the leading Scandinavian surrealist author, language anarchist, poet and text technician. He cannot be placed in any literary tradition, but his novels have recurring aspects of puns and wordplay, dadaistic eagerness and literary puzzles, and contain erotic digressions. His texts are extremely verbose with few visible threads, let alone plot or characterization, and have a distinct embellishment in a baroque pattern, partly with a Shakespearean solemnity. They resemble Joyce's verbal virtuosities in Finnegans Wake.Hammarén's "Sopptrilogi" ("Soup Can Trilogy", 2001–2005) deals with the saucepan-land colonization, in which ingredients and constituents are plentiful. The trilogy's first novel was published in 2001 and called "Med en burk soppa", it was continued by "Konservöppnare bok" in 2003 and finally "På burklös mark" in 2005. His novel "Loserförfattarfabriken" (the station for loser authors) is a satire, making the authors culture a dream for citizens, whose backside they do not understand the hell themselves. All his fictional production is published by small-scale publisher "h:ström - Text & Kultur" of Umeå, Sweden.Hammarén has also written poems, dramas, short stories and a translation and free interpretation of Guy de Maupassant's "Horla", amongst others. His Le Horla translation being unfaithful to the French original, it aroused the ire of noted Swede critic Carl Rudbeck in the Dagens Nyheter. An opposing view soon appeared in the Svenska Dagbladet.
Bibliography
Med en burk soppa (2001)
konservöppnare bok (2003)
På solfläckens barnhem (2003) (collection of poems)
Fluga diversé (2004)
Horla (2004)
På burklös mark (2005)
Melåhner o smörgromskrasse (2007) (collection of poems)
1, 2 (2009) (collection of poems, with Emma Ehrlekrona)
Hydrolith: Surrealist Research & Investigations, Hydrolith Editorial Collective 2010 (in a surreal anthology)
S:t Största skarabéerboken (2010)
Tredje generation skarabéerbok (2012)
Första skarabéerboken (2012)
Flickan fr. spikregnet (2014)
Loserförfattarfabriken (2017)
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"Hammarén"
]
} |
Stefan Hammarén is a Finnish author who writes in Swedish, belonging to the Swedish-speaking minority of the country. He is the leading Scandinavian surrealist author, language anarchist, poet and text technician. He cannot be placed in any literary tradition, but his novels have recurring aspects of puns and wordplay, dadaistic eagerness and literary puzzles, and contain erotic digressions. His texts are extremely verbose with few visible threads, let alone plot or characterization, and have a distinct embellishment in a baroque pattern, partly with a Shakespearean solemnity. They resemble Joyce's verbal virtuosities in Finnegans Wake.Hammarén's "Sopptrilogi" ("Soup Can Trilogy", 2001–2005) deals with the saucepan-land colonization, in which ingredients and constituents are plentiful. The trilogy's first novel was published in 2001 and called "Med en burk soppa", it was continued by "Konservöppnare bok" in 2003 and finally "På burklös mark" in 2005. His novel "Loserförfattarfabriken" (the station for loser authors) is a satire, making the authors culture a dream for citizens, whose backside they do not understand the hell themselves. All his fictional production is published by small-scale publisher "h:ström - Text & Kultur" of Umeå, Sweden.Hammarén has also written poems, dramas, short stories and a translation and free interpretation of Guy de Maupassant's "Horla", amongst others. His Le Horla translation being unfaithful to the French original, it aroused the ire of noted Swede critic Carl Rudbeck in the Dagens Nyheter. An opposing view soon appeared in the Svenska Dagbladet.
Bibliography
Med en burk soppa (2001)
konservöppnare bok (2003)
På solfläckens barnhem (2003) (collection of poems)
Fluga diversé (2004)
Horla (2004)
På burklös mark (2005)
Melåhner o smörgromskrasse (2007) (collection of poems)
1, 2 (2009) (collection of poems, with Emma Ehrlekrona)
Hydrolith: Surrealist Research & Investigations, Hydrolith Editorial Collective 2010 (in a surreal anthology)
S:t Största skarabéerboken (2010)
Tredje generation skarabéerbok (2012)
Första skarabéerboken (2012)
Flickan fr. spikregnet (2014)
Loserförfattarfabriken (2017)
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Stefan"
]
} |
Stefan Hammarén is a Finnish author who writes in Swedish, belonging to the Swedish-speaking minority of the country. He is the leading Scandinavian surrealist author, language anarchist, poet and text technician. He cannot be placed in any literary tradition, but his novels have recurring aspects of puns and wordplay, dadaistic eagerness and literary puzzles, and contain erotic digressions. His texts are extremely verbose with few visible threads, let alone plot or characterization, and have a distinct embellishment in a baroque pattern, partly with a Shakespearean solemnity. They resemble Joyce's verbal virtuosities in Finnegans Wake.Hammarén's "Sopptrilogi" ("Soup Can Trilogy", 2001–2005) deals with the saucepan-land colonization, in which ingredients and constituents are plentiful. The trilogy's first novel was published in 2001 and called "Med en burk soppa", it was continued by "Konservöppnare bok" in 2003 and finally "På burklös mark" in 2005. His novel "Loserförfattarfabriken" (the station for loser authors) is a satire, making the authors culture a dream for citizens, whose backside they do not understand the hell themselves. All his fictional production is published by small-scale publisher "h:ström - Text & Kultur" of Umeå, Sweden.Hammarén has also written poems, dramas, short stories and a translation and free interpretation of Guy de Maupassant's "Horla", amongst others. His Le Horla translation being unfaithful to the French original, it aroused the ire of noted Swede critic Carl Rudbeck in the Dagens Nyheter. An opposing view soon appeared in the Svenska Dagbladet.
Bibliography
Med en burk soppa (2001)
konservöppnare bok (2003)
På solfläckens barnhem (2003) (collection of poems)
Fluga diversé (2004)
Horla (2004)
På burklös mark (2005)
Melåhner o smörgromskrasse (2007) (collection of poems)
1, 2 (2009) (collection of poems, with Emma Ehrlekrona)
Hydrolith: Surrealist Research & Investigations, Hydrolith Editorial Collective 2010 (in a surreal anthology)
S:t Största skarabéerboken (2010)
Tredje generation skarabéerbok (2012)
Första skarabéerboken (2012)
Flickan fr. spikregnet (2014)
Loserförfattarfabriken (2017)
== References == | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"Swedish"
]
} |
Stefan Hammarén is a Finnish author who writes in Swedish, belonging to the Swedish-speaking minority of the country. He is the leading Scandinavian surrealist author, language anarchist, poet and text technician. He cannot be placed in any literary tradition, but his novels have recurring aspects of puns and wordplay, dadaistic eagerness and literary puzzles, and contain erotic digressions. His texts are extremely verbose with few visible threads, let alone plot or characterization, and have a distinct embellishment in a baroque pattern, partly with a Shakespearean solemnity. They resemble Joyce's verbal virtuosities in Finnegans Wake.Hammarén's "Sopptrilogi" ("Soup Can Trilogy", 2001–2005) deals with the saucepan-land colonization, in which ingredients and constituents are plentiful. The trilogy's first novel was published in 2001 and called "Med en burk soppa", it was continued by "Konservöppnare bok" in 2003 and finally "På burklös mark" in 2005. His novel "Loserförfattarfabriken" (the station for loser authors) is a satire, making the authors culture a dream for citizens, whose backside they do not understand the hell themselves. All his fictional production is published by small-scale publisher "h:ström - Text & Kultur" of Umeå, Sweden.Hammarén has also written poems, dramas, short stories and a translation and free interpretation of Guy de Maupassant's "Horla", amongst others. His Le Horla translation being unfaithful to the French original, it aroused the ire of noted Swede critic Carl Rudbeck in the Dagens Nyheter. An opposing view soon appeared in the Svenska Dagbladet.
Bibliography
Med en burk soppa (2001)
konservöppnare bok (2003)
På solfläckens barnhem (2003) (collection of poems)
Fluga diversé (2004)
Horla (2004)
På burklös mark (2005)
Melåhner o smörgromskrasse (2007) (collection of poems)
1, 2 (2009) (collection of poems, with Emma Ehrlekrona)
Hydrolith: Surrealist Research & Investigations, Hydrolith Editorial Collective 2010 (in a surreal anthology)
S:t Största skarabéerboken (2010)
Tredje generation skarabéerbok (2012)
Första skarabéerboken (2012)
Flickan fr. spikregnet (2014)
Loserförfattarfabriken (2017)
== References == | writing language | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"Swedish"
]
} |
Acianthera hondurensis is a species of orchid native to the Atlantic slope of Mexico, Belize and Central America, and is found at elevations of 35–500 m. It is an epiphyte found in humid and riverine forests. It is likely affected by human activities such as agriculture and urban development, but can be found in protected areas such as Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve in México and Laguna Lachuá National Park and Chocón Machacas Protected Biotope in Guatemala.
== References == | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
28
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"text": [
"species"
]
} |
Acianthera hondurensis is a species of orchid native to the Atlantic slope of Mexico, Belize and Central America, and is found at elevations of 35–500 m. It is an epiphyte found in humid and riverine forests. It is likely affected by human activities such as agriculture and urban development, but can be found in protected areas such as Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve in México and Laguna Lachuá National Park and Chocón Machacas Protected Biotope in Guatemala.
== References == | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Acianthera"
]
} |
Acianthera hondurensis is a species of orchid native to the Atlantic slope of Mexico, Belize and Central America, and is found at elevations of 35–500 m. It is an epiphyte found in humid and riverine forests. It is likely affected by human activities such as agriculture and urban development, but can be found in protected areas such as Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve in México and Laguna Lachuá National Park and Chocón Machacas Protected Biotope in Guatemala.
== References == | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Acianthera hondurensis"
]
} |
Joseph Ruiz Samaniego (fl. 1654-1670) was maestro de capilla at the Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza. His surviving works include Latin psalms and villancicos.
Works, editions and recordings
Salmo de difuntos - Verba mea auribus percipe Domine
Vísperas. Estudio y transcripción de Luis Antonio González Marín, Barcelona, 1999. Vol. LVIII.
== References == | employer | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar"
]
} |
Joseph Ruiz Samaniego (fl. 1654-1670) was maestro de capilla at the Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza. His surviving works include Latin psalms and villancicos.
Works, editions and recordings
Salmo de difuntos - Verba mea auribus percipe Domine
Vísperas. Estudio y transcripción de Luis Antonio González Marín, Barcelona, 1999. Vol. LVIII.
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"Ruiz"
]
} |
Joseph Ruiz Samaniego (fl. 1654-1670) was maestro de capilla at the Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza. His surviving works include Latin psalms and villancicos.
Works, editions and recordings
Salmo de difuntos - Verba mea auribus percipe Domine
Vísperas. Estudio y transcripción de Luis Antonio González Marín, Barcelona, 1999. Vol. LVIII.
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Joseph"
]
} |
Joseph Ruiz Samaniego (fl. 1654-1670) was maestro de capilla at the Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza. His surviving works include Latin psalms and villancicos.
Works, editions and recordings
Salmo de difuntos - Verba mea auribus percipe Domine
Vísperas. Estudio y transcripción de Luis Antonio González Marín, Barcelona, 1999. Vol. LVIII.
== References == | second family name in Spanish name | {
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"Samaniego"
]
} |
Lyngør Lighthouse (Norwegian: Lyngør fyr) is a coastal lighthouse located on the island of Kjeholmen in the Lyngør area in the municipality of Tvedestrand in Agder county, Norway. The lighthouse was established in 1879, and was listed as a protected site in 1997. It was automated in 2004, so no one is stationed there any longer.
Specifications
The 16.9-metre (55 ft) tall lighthouse is a white, square, concrete tower with a red top that is attached to a 2+1⁄2-story keeper's house. The light sits at an elevation of 21.3 metres (70 ft) above sea level and it emits a continuous white light with a brighter flash once every 60 seconds. The light has an original 3rd order Fresnel lens on the original rotating mechanism and it shines at an intensity of 59,100 candela and the flash shines at an intensity of 616,500 candela. The light can be seen from all directions for up to 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi). The facility is only accessible by boat, but the site is open to the public, and the keeper's house and tower are open as well, in fact, the building can be rented out for overnight accommodations.
Media gallery
See also
Lighthouses in Norway
List of lighthouses in Norway
References
External links
Norsk Fyrhistorisk Forening (in Norwegian) | country | {
"answer_start": [
172
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"Norway"
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Lyngør Lighthouse (Norwegian: Lyngør fyr) is a coastal lighthouse located on the island of Kjeholmen in the Lyngør area in the municipality of Tvedestrand in Agder county, Norway. The lighthouse was established in 1879, and was listed as a protected site in 1997. It was automated in 2004, so no one is stationed there any longer.
Specifications
The 16.9-metre (55 ft) tall lighthouse is a white, square, concrete tower with a red top that is attached to a 2+1⁄2-story keeper's house. The light sits at an elevation of 21.3 metres (70 ft) above sea level and it emits a continuous white light with a brighter flash once every 60 seconds. The light has an original 3rd order Fresnel lens on the original rotating mechanism and it shines at an intensity of 59,100 candela and the flash shines at an intensity of 616,500 candela. The light can be seen from all directions for up to 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi). The facility is only accessible by boat, but the site is open to the public, and the keeper's house and tower are open as well, in fact, the building can be rented out for overnight accommodations.
Media gallery
See also
Lighthouses in Norway
List of lighthouses in Norway
References
External links
Norsk Fyrhistorisk Forening (in Norwegian) | instance of | {
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} |
Lyngør Lighthouse (Norwegian: Lyngør fyr) is a coastal lighthouse located on the island of Kjeholmen in the Lyngør area in the municipality of Tvedestrand in Agder county, Norway. The lighthouse was established in 1879, and was listed as a protected site in 1997. It was automated in 2004, so no one is stationed there any longer.
Specifications
The 16.9-metre (55 ft) tall lighthouse is a white, square, concrete tower with a red top that is attached to a 2+1⁄2-story keeper's house. The light sits at an elevation of 21.3 metres (70 ft) above sea level and it emits a continuous white light with a brighter flash once every 60 seconds. The light has an original 3rd order Fresnel lens on the original rotating mechanism and it shines at an intensity of 59,100 candela and the flash shines at an intensity of 616,500 candela. The light can be seen from all directions for up to 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi). The facility is only accessible by boat, but the site is open to the public, and the keeper's house and tower are open as well, in fact, the building can be rented out for overnight accommodations.
Media gallery
See also
Lighthouses in Norway
List of lighthouses in Norway
References
External links
Norsk Fyrhistorisk Forening (in Norwegian) | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"Tvedestrand"
]
} |
Lyngør Lighthouse (Norwegian: Lyngør fyr) is a coastal lighthouse located on the island of Kjeholmen in the Lyngør area in the municipality of Tvedestrand in Agder county, Norway. The lighthouse was established in 1879, and was listed as a protected site in 1997. It was automated in 2004, so no one is stationed there any longer.
Specifications
The 16.9-metre (55 ft) tall lighthouse is a white, square, concrete tower with a red top that is attached to a 2+1⁄2-story keeper's house. The light sits at an elevation of 21.3 metres (70 ft) above sea level and it emits a continuous white light with a brighter flash once every 60 seconds. The light has an original 3rd order Fresnel lens on the original rotating mechanism and it shines at an intensity of 59,100 candela and the flash shines at an intensity of 616,500 candela. The light can be seen from all directions for up to 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi). The facility is only accessible by boat, but the site is open to the public, and the keeper's house and tower are open as well, in fact, the building can be rented out for overnight accommodations.
Media gallery
See also
Lighthouses in Norway
List of lighthouses in Norway
References
External links
Norsk Fyrhistorisk Forening (in Norwegian) | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"Lyngør fyr"
]
} |
Roman Oleksandrovych Adamenko (Ukrainian: Роман Олександрович Адаменко; born 20 July 1992) is a professional Ukrainian footballer who plays as a centre-back.
References
External links
Roman Adamenko at UAF and archived FFU page (in Ukrainian)
Roman Adamenko at Soccerway | family name | {
"answer_start": [
21
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"text": [
"Adamenko"
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In computer science, bounds-checking elimination is a compiler optimization useful in programming languages or runtime systems that enforce bounds checking, the practice of checking every index into an array to verify that the index is within the defined valid range of indexes. Its goal is to detect which of these indexing operations do not need to be validated at runtime, and eliminating those checks.
One common example is accessing an array element, modifying it, and storing the modified value in the same array at the same location. Normally, this example would result in a bounds check when the element is read from the array and a second bounds check when the modified element is stored using the same array index. Bounds-checking elimination could eliminate the second check if the compiler or runtime can determine that neither the array size nor the index could change between the two array operations. Another example occurs when a programmer loops over the elements of the array, and the loop condition guarantees that the index is within the bounds of the array. It may be difficult to detect that the programmer's manual check renders the automatic check redundant. However, it may still be possible for the compiler or runtime to perform proper bounds-checking elimination in this case.
Implementations
In natively compiled languages
One technique for bounds-checking elimination is to use a typed static single assignment form representation and for each array to create a new type representing a safe index for that particular array. The first use of a value as an array index results in a runtime type cast (and appropriate check), but subsequently the safe index value can be used without a type cast, without sacrificing correctness or safety.
In JIT-compiled languages
Just-in-time compiled languages such as Java and C# often check indexes at runtime before accessing arrays. Some just-in-time compilers such as HotSpot are able to eliminate some of these checks if they discover that the index is always within the correct range, or if an earlier check would have already thrown an exception.
References
External links
W. Amme, J. von Ronne, M. Franz. Using the SafeTSA Representation to Boost the Performance of an Existing Java Virtual Machine (2002). | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"compiler optimization"
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} |
Molkuh (Persian: ملكوه, also Romanized as Molkūh, Malak Kūh, and Malek Kūh) is a village in Narestan Rural District, Aqda District, Ardakan County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 30 families.
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"Iran"
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} |
Molkuh (Persian: ملكوه, also Romanized as Molkūh, Malak Kūh, and Malek Kūh) is a village in Narestan Rural District, Aqda District, Ardakan County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 30 families.
== References == | instance of | {
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81
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Molkuh (Persian: ملكوه, also Romanized as Molkūh, Malak Kūh, and Malek Kūh) is a village in Narestan Rural District, Aqda District, Ardakan County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 30 families.
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"Narestan Rural District"
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} |
Kastiwal is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from sub district headquarter, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from district headquarter and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.
Demography
As of 2011, The village has a total number of 294 houses and the population of 1535 of which 805 are males while 730 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village 193 people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
See also
List of villages in India
References
External links
Tourism of Punjab
Census of Punjab | country | {
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"India"
]
} |
Kastiwal is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from sub district headquarter, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from district headquarter and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.
Demography
As of 2011, The village has a total number of 294 houses and the population of 1535 of which 805 are males while 730 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village 193 people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
See also
List of villages in India
References
External links
Tourism of Punjab
Census of Punjab | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
35
],
"text": [
"Gurdaspur district"
]
} |
The Optimist Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game played in 1946. It was held at Public School Stadium (later known as Robertson Stadium), in Houston.
Origins
The game was sponsored by the Houston Optimist Club, through agreement reached with the Lone Star Conference in April 1946; the game was to be contested annually for five years, matching the conference champion against a nationally-rated team. Proceeds from the game would be used to benefit homeless boys in Texas. The 1946 conference champion was North Texas State (now the University of North Texas) coached by Odus Mitchell, and organizers extended an invitation to coach Amos Alonzo Stagg and his College of the Pacific team (now the University of the Pacific), who accepted. It was the last game of Stagg's incredible 57-year college football coaching career.
Game results
The game itself went right down to the wire. With 2:40 to go in the fourth quarter, Pacific quarterback Bud Klein broke a 7-7 tie with a 22-yard strike to Bob Heck. But the extra point failed, which turned out to be the difference in the game: North Texas QB Billy Dinkle then drove his team down the field, and with just nine seconds left, fired a nine-yard touchdown pass to Louis Rienzi. Dinkle himself booted the extra point, and the Eagles won their first-ever bowl game.
Although the Optimist Bowl was originally planned to be played annually through at least 1950, a poor crowd of about 5,000 ensured the game would not be played again. Like some other postseason match-ups of the era, such as the Grape Bowl and the Glass Bowl, results are listed in NCAA records, but the games were not considered NCAA-sanctioned bowls.
1946: North Texas 14, Pacific 13
See also
List of college bowl games
== References == | instance of | {
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Colin Chris Stüssi (born 4 June 1993) is a Swiss cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Team Vorarlberg.
Major results
2013
2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
2014
8th Trofeo Città di San Vendemiano
2015
3rd Giro del Friuli Venezia Giulia
1st Young rider classification2016
1st Young rider classification Giro di Toscana
2017
1st Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Stage 1
2nd Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
4th Famenne Ardenne Classic
4th Overall Tour of Almaty
5th Overall Le Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
8th Overall Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon
8th Overall Tour Alsace
2018
6th Overall Tour of Almaty
2019
1st Stage 2 Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
1st Mountains classification, Tour of Rhodes
5th Paris–Bourges
2020
6th Overall Tour of Rhodes
2021
1st Mountains classification, Okolo Jižních Čech
2022
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
2023
8th Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Mountains classification
References
External links
Colin Stüssi at Cycling Archives
Colin Stüssi at CQ Ranking
Colin Stüssi at ProCyclingStats
Official website of Colin Stüssi | member of sports team | {
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103
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Colin Chris Stüssi (born 4 June 1993) is a Swiss cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Team Vorarlberg.
Major results
2013
2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
2014
8th Trofeo Città di San Vendemiano
2015
3rd Giro del Friuli Venezia Giulia
1st Young rider classification2016
1st Young rider classification Giro di Toscana
2017
1st Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Stage 1
2nd Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
4th Famenne Ardenne Classic
4th Overall Tour of Almaty
5th Overall Le Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
8th Overall Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon
8th Overall Tour Alsace
2018
6th Overall Tour of Almaty
2019
1st Stage 2 Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
1st Mountains classification, Tour of Rhodes
5th Paris–Bourges
2020
6th Overall Tour of Rhodes
2021
1st Mountains classification, Okolo Jižních Čech
2022
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
2023
8th Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Mountains classification
References
External links
Colin Stüssi at Cycling Archives
Colin Stüssi at CQ Ranking
Colin Stüssi at ProCyclingStats
Official website of Colin Stüssi | Commons category | {
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Colin Chris Stüssi (born 4 June 1993) is a Swiss cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Team Vorarlberg.
Major results
2013
2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
2014
8th Trofeo Città di San Vendemiano
2015
3rd Giro del Friuli Venezia Giulia
1st Young rider classification2016
1st Young rider classification Giro di Toscana
2017
1st Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Stage 1
2nd Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
4th Famenne Ardenne Classic
4th Overall Tour of Almaty
5th Overall Le Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
8th Overall Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon
8th Overall Tour Alsace
2018
6th Overall Tour of Almaty
2019
1st Stage 2 Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
1st Mountains classification, Tour of Rhodes
5th Paris–Bourges
2020
6th Overall Tour of Rhodes
2021
1st Mountains classification, Okolo Jižních Čech
2022
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
2023
8th Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Mountains classification
References
External links
Colin Stüssi at Cycling Archives
Colin Stüssi at CQ Ranking
Colin Stüssi at ProCyclingStats
Official website of Colin Stüssi | family name | {
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Colin Chris Stüssi (born 4 June 1993) is a Swiss cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Team Vorarlberg.
Major results
2013
2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
2014
8th Trofeo Città di San Vendemiano
2015
3rd Giro del Friuli Venezia Giulia
1st Young rider classification2016
1st Young rider classification Giro di Toscana
2017
1st Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Stage 1
2nd Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
4th Famenne Ardenne Classic
4th Overall Tour of Almaty
5th Overall Le Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
8th Overall Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon
8th Overall Tour Alsace
2018
6th Overall Tour of Almaty
2019
1st Stage 2 Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
1st Mountains classification, Tour of Rhodes
5th Paris–Bourges
2020
6th Overall Tour of Rhodes
2021
1st Mountains classification, Okolo Jižních Čech
2022
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
2023
8th Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Mountains classification
References
External links
Colin Stüssi at Cycling Archives
Colin Stüssi at CQ Ranking
Colin Stüssi at ProCyclingStats
Official website of Colin Stüssi | given name | {
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Colin Chris Stüssi (born 4 June 1993) is a Swiss cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Team Vorarlberg.
Major results
2013
2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
2014
8th Trofeo Città di San Vendemiano
2015
3rd Giro del Friuli Venezia Giulia
1st Young rider classification2016
1st Young rider classification Giro di Toscana
2017
1st Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Stage 1
2nd Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
4th Famenne Ardenne Classic
4th Overall Tour of Almaty
5th Overall Le Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
8th Overall Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon
8th Overall Tour Alsace
2018
6th Overall Tour of Almaty
2019
1st Stage 2 Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
1st Mountains classification, Tour of Rhodes
5th Paris–Bourges
2020
6th Overall Tour of Rhodes
2021
1st Mountains classification, Okolo Jižních Čech
2022
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
2023
8th Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Mountains classification
References
External links
Colin Stüssi at Cycling Archives
Colin Stüssi at CQ Ranking
Colin Stüssi at ProCyclingStats
Official website of Colin Stüssi | birth name | {
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Daigo Umehara (Japanese: 梅原 大吾, Hepburn: Umehara Daigo, born 19 May 1981) is a Japanese arcade fighting video game player. He specializes in 2D arcade fighting games, mainly those released by Capcom. Known as "Daigo" or "The Beast" in the West and "Umehara" (ウメハラ, written in katakana instead of kanji) or "Ume" in Japan, Daigo is one of the world's most famous Street Fighter players and is often considered its greatest as well. His longevity is seen as an incredibly rare thing in the world of competitive video games. He currently holds a world record of "the most successful player in major tournaments of Street Fighter" in the Guinness World Records and is a six time Evo Championship Series winner.Before properly being called a pro gamer from signing a sponsorship deal with Mad Catz, Japanese media usually referred to Daigo as "the god of 2D fighting games" (2D格闘ゲームの神, 2D Kakutō Gēmu no Kami).
Early career
Daigo began going to an arcade game center and playing fighting games as an elementary school student around 10 years of age. Street Fighter II and Fatal Fury: King of Fighters had recently been released and were Daigo's first two fighting games. Street Fighter II often had a very long line with older players, so he began learning Fatal Fury first. After some time and due to the limited time he could stay at the game center, Daigo started challenging other players in Street Fighter II' (Champion Edition) for an opportunity to play even though he felt shy and had to ask for permission. This was when he discovered that he preferred competing with other players.Around the time when he was a 13-year-old middle school student, Daigo shifted his main game to Vampire Hunter because he thought he was more skilled in that game than in Street Fighter II. He developed a reputation in Vampire Hunter by setting a 286-win streak record in a single outing before he was forced to leave due to Akihabara Sega (now Club Sega) game center closing for the day. Umehara enrolled in his first tournament when he entered GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Hunter tournament in 1995, losing in the block's finals. His first tournament victory came at his second tournament, GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Savior tournament in 1997, where he defeated Ōnuki (now Nuki) in the finals.In 1998, at the age of 17 Daigo participated in Capcom's official Street Fighter Zero 3 national tournament and advanced to the finals which took place on a stage in Tokyo Game Show 1998: Autumn on October 11. After winning the tournament by defeating Ōnuki 3-1, Daigo, as the champion, went on to face Alex Valle, the winner of the U.S. national Street Fighter Alpha 3 tournament. The international "Grand Championship" was held in San Francisco, California on November 8. This was Daigo's first trip to the U.S. and his first overseas tournament appearance. The match was best of three games, with five-round games. Daigo came from behind to win 2-1. Both events aired as a 50-minute TV report in Japan.In September 2001, Daigo's popularity led to the publishing of a mini-autobiography called VERSUS (known as "Umehon" (ウメ本) or "Ume Book" by fans). The book's content is separated into six chapters chronicling the games in which he competes and includes background stories, anecdotes of competitions, and analysis of his opponents.In 2002, Daigo appeared in a U.S. versus Japan exhibition in Japan. American players competed in four games (Super Street Fighter II Turbo, Street Fighter Alpha 3, Street Fighter III 3rd Strike and Marvel vs. Capcom 2) for the right to battle Japan's best players in those respective games. Umehara only entered the 3rd Strike exhibition, but defeated all of his opponents, ending each round with Ken's fierce Shoryuken. These events were filmed for the documentary Bang the Machine.In 2003, Daigo won the Super Street Fighter II Turbo tournament in the first Super Battle Opera (Tougeki) and won the same game in Evolution Championship Series when he joined the event for the first time in the same year, making him the first player to win both the SBO and Evolution in the same year on the same game. Umehara also went to Evolution 2004 and Absolution 2004 on April 18 in England and won on SSFII Turbo there.Daigo has participated regularly in a number of tournaments, appearing in at least one each year since his start in 1997, with a brief hiatus in 2008.
Play style
Throughout his career, Daigo Umehara's main character has been Ryu and his play style based on zoning (keeping the opponent at a specific distance) even though he is also adept in close combat. Since Street Fighter V's balance patch in December 2016 that nerfed Ryu to balance the game, Daigo switched to Guile, a charge character. Daigo said, "I don't care if I play a top tier character. I don't need to pick a top tier character, but I want to have a character that can fight the top tiers. It's boring if you go to tournament and you know you're going to run into a really bad match up, it's like 'Oh, I can't win because of the match up'". Hesitating between Urien and Guile, he finally chose the latter, but decided to try Ryu one more time in Topanga League 6 and Final Round 20. His disappointing results (he finished respectively last and 33rd) made him give up on Ryu. Since then, he has continued to play with Guile in spite of a new balance patch that partially restored Ryu in 2017.
Evolution 2004
Despite having never matched off against him before, Umehara was known for having a supposed rivalry with the American Justin Wong due to their differences in gaming philosophies. The two players met each other in the loser's finals of Evo 2004's Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike tournament. Umehara, playing using the character Ken, was down to his last pixel of vitality and any special attack by Wong's Chun-Li, even if guarded, could knock Ken out. Wong attempted to hit his opponent with Chun-Li's "Super Art" move, forcing Umehara to parry 15 attacks in a very short period of time. Umehara did so successfully and went on to counter a final kick of Chun-Li in mid-air before launching a combo move himself and winning the match. Though Umehara lost the grand finals to Kenji Obata, the clip of him parrying Wong's multihit attack became hugely influential and has been compared to famous sports moments such as Babe Ruth's called shot and the Miracle on Ice."Evo Moment 37", also known as the "Daigo Parry", is frequently described as the most iconic and memorable moment in the history of competitive video gaming. It was at one point the most-watched competitive gaming moment of all time.
Street Fighter IV era
In July 2008, Umehara came out of retirement and became competitive once again. This time, his focus was on the newly released Street Fighter IV. Because of this, Japanese arcade gaming magazine Arcadia has included a DVD featuring "Umehara Concept Matches" in its January 2009 issue (released on November 29, 2008) and "The God has returned" was stated in Umehara's player introduction part. The DVD contains exhibition matches between him and Japan's 6 top players such as Inoue, Itabashi Zangief, Fuudo, Nemo, and Mago.
2009
On March 5, Umehara made an appearance as the "god of the fighting games world" on the TV show "Gamer's Koshien". He and four other top Japanese players (Soushihan KSK, Itabashi Zangief, Mago, and Tokido) competed with each other and with celebrities in a Street Fighter IV round-robin tournament.On April 18, at GameStop's Street Fighter IV National Tournament 2009 in San Francisco, California, four players from three countries held exhibition matches following the main competition. Umehara, who came by Capcom's invitation, defeated players Iyo, Poongko and Justin Wong to win the tournament. For the win, he was awarded a free trip to Evolution 2009 in Las Vegas.Umehara began writing a column in Arcadia called Umehara Column: Michi, starting with the August issue. ("Umehara Column: Street")
Thanks to his win at the GameStop tournament, Umehara entered the Evolution 2009 Street Fighter IV competition as a seeded player in the semi-finals on July 18, which was the second day of the event. In the third and final day, Umehara defeated Justin Wong and placed him in the Losers Bracket, then advanced to the grand finals only to meet Wong again. The two fought until the last game possible, but Umehara ultimately won the competition.The September issue of Arcadia magazine included a DVD featuring a set of "Umehara's Concept Matches." This was a follow-up to a previous DVD which released in late 2008.On August 7, Umehara participated in an all night tournament called "GODSGARDEN."Umehara participated in exhibition matches in a Street Fighter IV competition in Taiwan on October 10. The matches were broadcast live on Famitsu's web channel.Umehara returned to the United States to join a tournament called Season's Beatings, held October 16–18 in Columbus, Ohio. He won Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix and Street Fighter IV Singles competition.In a November interview with Simon Parkin, a 28 year old Daigo stated that he felt he was, currently, at his peak as a gamer. He went on to clarify his claim: "My reactions are probably comparable to when I was younger, but I no longer grow agitated when I'm cornered. Nothing can mentally break me anymore; I have mastered nervousness and tension. I can instantly tell opponents apart and categorize them into groups and types according to their personality and weaknesses. As I haven't felt my physical abilities weakening yet, I think I might be at the peak of my career as a fighting gamer."On November 26, Umehara and five other top Japanese Street Fighter IV players joined a Nico Nico live internet show to talk about the second GODSGARDEN tournament. The show also featured an exhibition match between Umehara and Mago.
2010
Instead of participating in GODSGARDEN #2 (March 6), Umehara flew to France to enter Street Fighter IV tournaments in the World Game Cup gaming event, which took place March 3–7. He placed second in singles and first in 2-on-2.On April 4, Umehara and two teammates participated in an official Street Fighter IV National Tournament and qualified for the top 14. His team was eliminated, in the quarter finals.Umehara participated in Capcom's Super Street Fighter IV "Fight Club" launch party in Los Angeles, United States on April 23. Umehara held exhibition matches in which he played various characters including Hakan, Guy, and Dee Jay against a dozen challengers. The event closed with a 3-out-of-5 match between Umehara and Justin Wong, ending in a double-K.O. draw which left Umehara undefeated all night. It was also revealed at the event that Umehara had accepted a sponsorship deal with Mad Catz and would play under their name in future tournaments.
The limited edition of Super Street Fighter IV from the e-CAPCOM store included a special DVD featuring two tournaments between Japan's 8 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Iyo, Shirou, Kin Devu, Momochi, Tokidoki Nukings, and Itabashi Zangief. The Super Street Fighter IV Technical Guide published by Enterbrain which was released on April 28 includes a DVD featuring exhibition matches of the new characters played by Japan's 7 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Kin Devu, Iyo, Momochi, Itabashi Zangief, and Shirou.On May 9, Umehara appeared on the NHK Sunday night program "MAG-NET" in a feature about Street Fighter.On May 15, Nico Nico Live held a Super Street Fighter IV online competition where participating online players on Xbox Live got a chance to fight Japan's 3 top players: Umehara, Mago, and Tokido. They also held offline matches and a brief talking segment.May 29–30, Umehara went to Australia for the first time to participate in Evolution Asia Pacific's Super Street Fighter IV tournament in Sydney. He won the tournament, losing just one game. As the grand prize, he earned a paid flight to Evolution 2010 in Las Vegas where he would start off as a seeded player.On June 4, Umehara joined the 106th Xbox Live Park online event held by Microsoft Japan with Famitsu's editorial department. During the two-hour event, participating Xbox Live Gold members had the opportunity to chat and face off with Umehara in Super Street Fighter IV online matches.After getting 2nd place in Nagoya Street Battle 15 (July 4), Umehara joined Evolution 2010 on July 9–11 and faced a tougher challenge than before with over 1,700 players from around the world participating in the Super Street Fighter IV tournament. Nevertheless, Umehara secured a win without ever dropping into the Losers bracket. The live stream of the event set a new record with an approximate 48,000 viewers at its peak across its two channels (Stickam 18,000 and Ustream 30,000).After winning the qualifier on May 22, Umehara's team participated in the Super Battle Opera 2010 Street Fighter IV finals on September 19 and won second place. The event took place as a part of Tokyo Game Show 2010 at Makuhari Messe International Convention Complex.Umehara participated in the Season's Beatings tournament in Ohio for the second time October 15–17, the Southern California Regionals tournament in Los Angeles November 6–7, the Canada Cup in Canada November 13–14, and the Northern California Regionals tournament November 20–21. He also attended an exhibition event in Kuwait on November 26.
2012
Umehara published his first book The Will to Keep Winning (勝ち続ける意志力, Kachitsuzukeru ishiryoku) on April 2, 2012. The book reached the #1 best-selling spot on Amazon Japan's Kindle store.
2013
On April 13, 2013, Daigo attended the New York University Game Center's fourth annual Spring Fighter event as a special guest alongside Seth Killian. At the event, Umehara and Killian held a talk, in which Umehara discussed his life in and out of the Street Fighter scene.On June 6, 2013, Daigo spoke at the first in a series of seminars hosted by Tohmatsu Innovation Co, Ltd. targeting business executives.
On August 30, 2013, Daigo had a match against the 2013 EVO Champion Xian. The rule was the first to win 10 matches will be declared the winner. Daigo won the match 10-0 against the world Champion Xian.A couple of months later, in a similar match, Daigo beat Infiltration 10-2.On November 24, 2013, Daigo held a panel at the DODA career fair where he spoke about his experiences as a professional gamer.
2015
During the Stunfest 2015 final, Daigo managed to pull off an impressive 25-hit combo with Evil Ryu against Ken controlled by Momochi who was the best Ultra Street Fighter IV player of the season according to the Capcom Pro Tour 2015 ranking. The combo thrilled the crowd and was acclaimed by the live french and english commentators. It was selected by Capcom as one of the «Most Hype Moments» of 2015 in a retrospective video. « You could hear the crowd go wild and if you were watching the stream you could see the stream chat go crazy » wrote Capcom in an article, while a french spectator who was in the crowd said that « Daigo's incredible 25-hit combo with Evil Ryu stunned the crowd and the opponent ». Daigo finally won the tournament beating Momochi 3-1, 3-1.
Umehara penned a foreword for the September issue of Japan's Harvard Business Review, with the title "得意なことより好きなことを追求する" ("Tokui na koto yori suki na koto wo tsuikyuu suru"|"Pursue that which you like rather than that at which you excel").
In December 2015, Umehara announced his intentions to donate the entirety of his winnings from the Capcom Pro Tour 2015 Finals, a sum of $60,000, to the Evo Scholarship, a New York University scholarship program which offers financial assistance to students wishing to study game design at the NYU Game Center at the Tisch School of the Arts. The NYU Game Center confirmed the $60,000 donation on January 6, 2016.
Street Fighter V era
2016
The January issue of the Japanese Harvard Business Review featured a twelve-page interview with Umehara entitled, "感情を制するものはゲームを制す" ("Kanjou wo seisuru mono wa game wo seisu"|"He who controls his emotions controls the game.")
In February 2016, Daigo was narrowly defeated by American rapper and music producer Lupe Fiasco in a Street Fighter V exhibition match. The event, organized by former Mad Catz executive Mark Julio, was live streamed to over 75,000 viewers. Several observers noted that Daigo's timing appeared to be off, and that he did not capitalize on key strategic openings during the match.
On April 26, 2016, Daigo held a talk in conjunction with Mizuho bank and medical professor Yoshiki Ishikawa in Osaka, Japan.In May, 2016, Daigo appeared in the Street Fighter documentary, "格闘ゲームに生きる" (Kakuto geemu ni ikiru | Living the Game), broadcast on WOWOW. Later that month, the documentary was screened at the Hot Docs Film Festival in Toronto, Canada under the name "Living the Game."On June 1, 2016, Japanese publisher Shogakukan released the book "悩みどころと逃げどころ" (Nayamidokoro to Nigedokoro), a written discussion between Umehara and the popular Japanese blogger Chikirin.
In July 2016, an official English translation of Umehara's first book, The Will to Keep Winning, was sold to Evo attendees as an event exclusive. The book continued to be sold exclusively at fighting game events across the globe throughout the remainder of 2016.
On September 14, 2016, Umehara announced that he had achieved two new World Records recognized by Guinness World Records: "Most views for a competitive fighting game match" (for his famous match against Justin Wong from Evo 2004) and "Highest all-time rank in Ultra Street Fighter IV." Umehara received official recognition for the records via a ceremony held at Tokyo Game Show.
On November 30, 2016, Umehara announced that he had entered a new sponsorship deal with gaming headset maker HyperX.On December 1, 2016, Red Bull and director Nick McDonald released an eleven-minute documentary on Daigo Umehara entitled, "Mind of a Beast." In the piece, Umehara addressed the pressures of life as a professional gamer, and asserted a distinction between the mythical public figure "Umehara" and the flawed human being, Daigo Umehara.
2017
On January 19, 2017, Daigo gave a two-hour lecture entitled "1日ひとつだけ、強くなる" ("Ichinichi hitotsu dake, tsuyoku naru"|"Getting Stronger Everyday") at the Keio University Marunouchi City Campus. In the lecture, Daigo discussed the ups and downs of carving out a niche as a professional gamer. He spoke to a sold-out audience.On March 1, 2017, Umehara announced that he had entered another sponsorship with Japanese game developer Cygames, alongside fellow pro fighting gamers Darryl "Snake Eyez" Lewis and Eduardo "PR Balrog" Perez. Together, the three athletes donned the moniker "Cygames Beast," sporting T-shirts with a matching new logo.
From March to May 2017, Umehara participated in the ELEAGUE Street Fighter Invitational, during which he played solely as Guile. Beginning in Group B alongside Snake Eyez and PR Balrog, Umehara pushed his way into the Playoffs, ultimately finishing 8th overall.
On May 27–28, Umehara participated in Red Bull Kumite in Paris, France. He placed 4th overall.On June 27, Umehara appeared in the Red Bull France-produced documentary, "The Art of Street Fighting" alongside fellow pro gamers Xiao Hai, Gamerbee, Tokido, and Luffy.On July 14–16, Umehara participated in EVO 2017. After a no-loss sweep in Round 1, he was bumped into the Losers bracket by Haitani during Round 2, and ultimately eliminated during the Semi-Finals by longtime rival Justin Wong.On July 14, Daigo launched the "Beast" apparel brand in conjunction with apparel makers Nsurgo. The brand is represented by Daigo as well as fellow Cygames-sponsored gamers Snake Eyez and PR Balrog.
2018
A memorable match took place early in the year when Daigo met his longtime rival, Tokido, in a first-to-ten bout at the Kemonomichi II exhibition. Tokido, who at this point was the defending EVO champion and one of the most dominant players on the scene, was determined to prove that he could outplay Daigo in a long-set format. Although Daigo had been less active by comparison and more focused on hosting events, he was also confident about his chances. On March 10, the pair clashed in their highly anticipated matchup. Daigo ended up winning the competitive set 10-5, leaving Tokido visibly upset at his loss.On July 22, he won the VSFighting Premier Event in Birmingham (United Kingdom).Later on during the year in November, Daigo attended the Red Bull Kumite invitational tournament once again, this time placing 3rd behind Problem X and champion Fujimura.In the Capcom Cup tournament for the year, Daigo finished in 25th place.
2019
Umehara started out his competitive year in 2019 with a disappointing finish in 33rd place at Final Round. Later that same month, he had more success at the NorCal Regionals, where he made the top 8.At the next major tournament Daigo attended, The Mixup, he managed to battle his way through to the Grand Finals where he faced off against Victor Woodley aka Punk, who was dominating the Capcom Pro Tour. In a hard-fought match that came down to the final round, Punk narrowly defeated his opponent. Nevertheless, Daigo's performance in the year was good enough to place him at 4th overall in the CPT rankings.Following this, Daigo continued his success with a 5th/6th place finish in the CPT Premier tournament at Community Efforts Orlando 2019, where he was eliminated by Fujimura.On October 27, Daigo placed 7th/8th in the CPT Premier tournament at First Attack 2019, where he was eliminated by Jonathan "JB" Bautista.Despite not winning any major tournaments, Daigo's consistent appearance at international CPT events throughout the year was enough to earn him a qualification spot at the 2019 Capcom Cup finals. There, Daigo was eliminated by Tokido with a score of 3-2 in the second round of the tournament, leaving him with a tied 17th-24th place finish to end the 2019 competitive Street Fighter V season.Daigo participated in another Red Bull Kumite in December, which was being held in Nagoya, Japan. With a tough tournament pool featuring Tokido, Problem X, Punk, and numerous other strong players, Daigo only managed a 13th place finish, tied with Bonchan, Gachikun, and Haku.
Books
Manga
"Umehara FIGHTING GAMERS!" is a dramatized manga depiction of Umehara's life as a young participant in the Street Fighter arcade scene, and features several noted players from the Japanese fighting game community. The series is considered a flagship title for its publisher, Kadokawa Shoten, who are actively marketing the series and have confirmed plans to serialize it in their seinen comic magazine Young Ace UP.
The series is illustrated by Kengoro Nishide and written by Saitaru Orika and Maki Tomoi, with Daigo acting as an editorial supervisor.
On July 14, 2017, the English translation of Daigo's manga series, titled Daigo the Beast: Umehara Fighting Gamers, debuted with the release of Volume 1 (which compiles the first and second volumes of the Japanese series). The volume, published and translated by Udon Entertainment, was released as an early exclusive for EVO attendees, and is planned for a wider release in December 2017.
Achievements
References
External links
Daigo Umehara's official homepage (in English and Japanese)
Daigo Umehara's Japanese fan site (in Japanese)
Daigo Umehara related articles on Japanese gaming magazines (in Japanese) | country of citizenship | {
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Daigo Umehara (Japanese: 梅原 大吾, Hepburn: Umehara Daigo, born 19 May 1981) is a Japanese arcade fighting video game player. He specializes in 2D arcade fighting games, mainly those released by Capcom. Known as "Daigo" or "The Beast" in the West and "Umehara" (ウメハラ, written in katakana instead of kanji) or "Ume" in Japan, Daigo is one of the world's most famous Street Fighter players and is often considered its greatest as well. His longevity is seen as an incredibly rare thing in the world of competitive video games. He currently holds a world record of "the most successful player in major tournaments of Street Fighter" in the Guinness World Records and is a six time Evo Championship Series winner.Before properly being called a pro gamer from signing a sponsorship deal with Mad Catz, Japanese media usually referred to Daigo as "the god of 2D fighting games" (2D格闘ゲームの神, 2D Kakutō Gēmu no Kami).
Early career
Daigo began going to an arcade game center and playing fighting games as an elementary school student around 10 years of age. Street Fighter II and Fatal Fury: King of Fighters had recently been released and were Daigo's first two fighting games. Street Fighter II often had a very long line with older players, so he began learning Fatal Fury first. After some time and due to the limited time he could stay at the game center, Daigo started challenging other players in Street Fighter II' (Champion Edition) for an opportunity to play even though he felt shy and had to ask for permission. This was when he discovered that he preferred competing with other players.Around the time when he was a 13-year-old middle school student, Daigo shifted his main game to Vampire Hunter because he thought he was more skilled in that game than in Street Fighter II. He developed a reputation in Vampire Hunter by setting a 286-win streak record in a single outing before he was forced to leave due to Akihabara Sega (now Club Sega) game center closing for the day. Umehara enrolled in his first tournament when he entered GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Hunter tournament in 1995, losing in the block's finals. His first tournament victory came at his second tournament, GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Savior tournament in 1997, where he defeated Ōnuki (now Nuki) in the finals.In 1998, at the age of 17 Daigo participated in Capcom's official Street Fighter Zero 3 national tournament and advanced to the finals which took place on a stage in Tokyo Game Show 1998: Autumn on October 11. After winning the tournament by defeating Ōnuki 3-1, Daigo, as the champion, went on to face Alex Valle, the winner of the U.S. national Street Fighter Alpha 3 tournament. The international "Grand Championship" was held in San Francisco, California on November 8. This was Daigo's first trip to the U.S. and his first overseas tournament appearance. The match was best of three games, with five-round games. Daigo came from behind to win 2-1. Both events aired as a 50-minute TV report in Japan.In September 2001, Daigo's popularity led to the publishing of a mini-autobiography called VERSUS (known as "Umehon" (ウメ本) or "Ume Book" by fans). The book's content is separated into six chapters chronicling the games in which he competes and includes background stories, anecdotes of competitions, and analysis of his opponents.In 2002, Daigo appeared in a U.S. versus Japan exhibition in Japan. American players competed in four games (Super Street Fighter II Turbo, Street Fighter Alpha 3, Street Fighter III 3rd Strike and Marvel vs. Capcom 2) for the right to battle Japan's best players in those respective games. Umehara only entered the 3rd Strike exhibition, but defeated all of his opponents, ending each round with Ken's fierce Shoryuken. These events were filmed for the documentary Bang the Machine.In 2003, Daigo won the Super Street Fighter II Turbo tournament in the first Super Battle Opera (Tougeki) and won the same game in Evolution Championship Series when he joined the event for the first time in the same year, making him the first player to win both the SBO and Evolution in the same year on the same game. Umehara also went to Evolution 2004 and Absolution 2004 on April 18 in England and won on SSFII Turbo there.Daigo has participated regularly in a number of tournaments, appearing in at least one each year since his start in 1997, with a brief hiatus in 2008.
Play style
Throughout his career, Daigo Umehara's main character has been Ryu and his play style based on zoning (keeping the opponent at a specific distance) even though he is also adept in close combat. Since Street Fighter V's balance patch in December 2016 that nerfed Ryu to balance the game, Daigo switched to Guile, a charge character. Daigo said, "I don't care if I play a top tier character. I don't need to pick a top tier character, but I want to have a character that can fight the top tiers. It's boring if you go to tournament and you know you're going to run into a really bad match up, it's like 'Oh, I can't win because of the match up'". Hesitating between Urien and Guile, he finally chose the latter, but decided to try Ryu one more time in Topanga League 6 and Final Round 20. His disappointing results (he finished respectively last and 33rd) made him give up on Ryu. Since then, he has continued to play with Guile in spite of a new balance patch that partially restored Ryu in 2017.
Evolution 2004
Despite having never matched off against him before, Umehara was known for having a supposed rivalry with the American Justin Wong due to their differences in gaming philosophies. The two players met each other in the loser's finals of Evo 2004's Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike tournament. Umehara, playing using the character Ken, was down to his last pixel of vitality and any special attack by Wong's Chun-Li, even if guarded, could knock Ken out. Wong attempted to hit his opponent with Chun-Li's "Super Art" move, forcing Umehara to parry 15 attacks in a very short period of time. Umehara did so successfully and went on to counter a final kick of Chun-Li in mid-air before launching a combo move himself and winning the match. Though Umehara lost the grand finals to Kenji Obata, the clip of him parrying Wong's multihit attack became hugely influential and has been compared to famous sports moments such as Babe Ruth's called shot and the Miracle on Ice."Evo Moment 37", also known as the "Daigo Parry", is frequently described as the most iconic and memorable moment in the history of competitive video gaming. It was at one point the most-watched competitive gaming moment of all time.
Street Fighter IV era
In July 2008, Umehara came out of retirement and became competitive once again. This time, his focus was on the newly released Street Fighter IV. Because of this, Japanese arcade gaming magazine Arcadia has included a DVD featuring "Umehara Concept Matches" in its January 2009 issue (released on November 29, 2008) and "The God has returned" was stated in Umehara's player introduction part. The DVD contains exhibition matches between him and Japan's 6 top players such as Inoue, Itabashi Zangief, Fuudo, Nemo, and Mago.
2009
On March 5, Umehara made an appearance as the "god of the fighting games world" on the TV show "Gamer's Koshien". He and four other top Japanese players (Soushihan KSK, Itabashi Zangief, Mago, and Tokido) competed with each other and with celebrities in a Street Fighter IV round-robin tournament.On April 18, at GameStop's Street Fighter IV National Tournament 2009 in San Francisco, California, four players from three countries held exhibition matches following the main competition. Umehara, who came by Capcom's invitation, defeated players Iyo, Poongko and Justin Wong to win the tournament. For the win, he was awarded a free trip to Evolution 2009 in Las Vegas.Umehara began writing a column in Arcadia called Umehara Column: Michi, starting with the August issue. ("Umehara Column: Street")
Thanks to his win at the GameStop tournament, Umehara entered the Evolution 2009 Street Fighter IV competition as a seeded player in the semi-finals on July 18, which was the second day of the event. In the third and final day, Umehara defeated Justin Wong and placed him in the Losers Bracket, then advanced to the grand finals only to meet Wong again. The two fought until the last game possible, but Umehara ultimately won the competition.The September issue of Arcadia magazine included a DVD featuring a set of "Umehara's Concept Matches." This was a follow-up to a previous DVD which released in late 2008.On August 7, Umehara participated in an all night tournament called "GODSGARDEN."Umehara participated in exhibition matches in a Street Fighter IV competition in Taiwan on October 10. The matches were broadcast live on Famitsu's web channel.Umehara returned to the United States to join a tournament called Season's Beatings, held October 16–18 in Columbus, Ohio. He won Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix and Street Fighter IV Singles competition.In a November interview with Simon Parkin, a 28 year old Daigo stated that he felt he was, currently, at his peak as a gamer. He went on to clarify his claim: "My reactions are probably comparable to when I was younger, but I no longer grow agitated when I'm cornered. Nothing can mentally break me anymore; I have mastered nervousness and tension. I can instantly tell opponents apart and categorize them into groups and types according to their personality and weaknesses. As I haven't felt my physical abilities weakening yet, I think I might be at the peak of my career as a fighting gamer."On November 26, Umehara and five other top Japanese Street Fighter IV players joined a Nico Nico live internet show to talk about the second GODSGARDEN tournament. The show also featured an exhibition match between Umehara and Mago.
2010
Instead of participating in GODSGARDEN #2 (March 6), Umehara flew to France to enter Street Fighter IV tournaments in the World Game Cup gaming event, which took place March 3–7. He placed second in singles and first in 2-on-2.On April 4, Umehara and two teammates participated in an official Street Fighter IV National Tournament and qualified for the top 14. His team was eliminated, in the quarter finals.Umehara participated in Capcom's Super Street Fighter IV "Fight Club" launch party in Los Angeles, United States on April 23. Umehara held exhibition matches in which he played various characters including Hakan, Guy, and Dee Jay against a dozen challengers. The event closed with a 3-out-of-5 match between Umehara and Justin Wong, ending in a double-K.O. draw which left Umehara undefeated all night. It was also revealed at the event that Umehara had accepted a sponsorship deal with Mad Catz and would play under their name in future tournaments.
The limited edition of Super Street Fighter IV from the e-CAPCOM store included a special DVD featuring two tournaments between Japan's 8 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Iyo, Shirou, Kin Devu, Momochi, Tokidoki Nukings, and Itabashi Zangief. The Super Street Fighter IV Technical Guide published by Enterbrain which was released on April 28 includes a DVD featuring exhibition matches of the new characters played by Japan's 7 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Kin Devu, Iyo, Momochi, Itabashi Zangief, and Shirou.On May 9, Umehara appeared on the NHK Sunday night program "MAG-NET" in a feature about Street Fighter.On May 15, Nico Nico Live held a Super Street Fighter IV online competition where participating online players on Xbox Live got a chance to fight Japan's 3 top players: Umehara, Mago, and Tokido. They also held offline matches and a brief talking segment.May 29–30, Umehara went to Australia for the first time to participate in Evolution Asia Pacific's Super Street Fighter IV tournament in Sydney. He won the tournament, losing just one game. As the grand prize, he earned a paid flight to Evolution 2010 in Las Vegas where he would start off as a seeded player.On June 4, Umehara joined the 106th Xbox Live Park online event held by Microsoft Japan with Famitsu's editorial department. During the two-hour event, participating Xbox Live Gold members had the opportunity to chat and face off with Umehara in Super Street Fighter IV online matches.After getting 2nd place in Nagoya Street Battle 15 (July 4), Umehara joined Evolution 2010 on July 9–11 and faced a tougher challenge than before with over 1,700 players from around the world participating in the Super Street Fighter IV tournament. Nevertheless, Umehara secured a win without ever dropping into the Losers bracket. The live stream of the event set a new record with an approximate 48,000 viewers at its peak across its two channels (Stickam 18,000 and Ustream 30,000).After winning the qualifier on May 22, Umehara's team participated in the Super Battle Opera 2010 Street Fighter IV finals on September 19 and won second place. The event took place as a part of Tokyo Game Show 2010 at Makuhari Messe International Convention Complex.Umehara participated in the Season's Beatings tournament in Ohio for the second time October 15–17, the Southern California Regionals tournament in Los Angeles November 6–7, the Canada Cup in Canada November 13–14, and the Northern California Regionals tournament November 20–21. He also attended an exhibition event in Kuwait on November 26.
2012
Umehara published his first book The Will to Keep Winning (勝ち続ける意志力, Kachitsuzukeru ishiryoku) on April 2, 2012. The book reached the #1 best-selling spot on Amazon Japan's Kindle store.
2013
On April 13, 2013, Daigo attended the New York University Game Center's fourth annual Spring Fighter event as a special guest alongside Seth Killian. At the event, Umehara and Killian held a talk, in which Umehara discussed his life in and out of the Street Fighter scene.On June 6, 2013, Daigo spoke at the first in a series of seminars hosted by Tohmatsu Innovation Co, Ltd. targeting business executives.
On August 30, 2013, Daigo had a match against the 2013 EVO Champion Xian. The rule was the first to win 10 matches will be declared the winner. Daigo won the match 10-0 against the world Champion Xian.A couple of months later, in a similar match, Daigo beat Infiltration 10-2.On November 24, 2013, Daigo held a panel at the DODA career fair where he spoke about his experiences as a professional gamer.
2015
During the Stunfest 2015 final, Daigo managed to pull off an impressive 25-hit combo with Evil Ryu against Ken controlled by Momochi who was the best Ultra Street Fighter IV player of the season according to the Capcom Pro Tour 2015 ranking. The combo thrilled the crowd and was acclaimed by the live french and english commentators. It was selected by Capcom as one of the «Most Hype Moments» of 2015 in a retrospective video. « You could hear the crowd go wild and if you were watching the stream you could see the stream chat go crazy » wrote Capcom in an article, while a french spectator who was in the crowd said that « Daigo's incredible 25-hit combo with Evil Ryu stunned the crowd and the opponent ». Daigo finally won the tournament beating Momochi 3-1, 3-1.
Umehara penned a foreword for the September issue of Japan's Harvard Business Review, with the title "得意なことより好きなことを追求する" ("Tokui na koto yori suki na koto wo tsuikyuu suru"|"Pursue that which you like rather than that at which you excel").
In December 2015, Umehara announced his intentions to donate the entirety of his winnings from the Capcom Pro Tour 2015 Finals, a sum of $60,000, to the Evo Scholarship, a New York University scholarship program which offers financial assistance to students wishing to study game design at the NYU Game Center at the Tisch School of the Arts. The NYU Game Center confirmed the $60,000 donation on January 6, 2016.
Street Fighter V era
2016
The January issue of the Japanese Harvard Business Review featured a twelve-page interview with Umehara entitled, "感情を制するものはゲームを制す" ("Kanjou wo seisuru mono wa game wo seisu"|"He who controls his emotions controls the game.")
In February 2016, Daigo was narrowly defeated by American rapper and music producer Lupe Fiasco in a Street Fighter V exhibition match. The event, organized by former Mad Catz executive Mark Julio, was live streamed to over 75,000 viewers. Several observers noted that Daigo's timing appeared to be off, and that he did not capitalize on key strategic openings during the match.
On April 26, 2016, Daigo held a talk in conjunction with Mizuho bank and medical professor Yoshiki Ishikawa in Osaka, Japan.In May, 2016, Daigo appeared in the Street Fighter documentary, "格闘ゲームに生きる" (Kakuto geemu ni ikiru | Living the Game), broadcast on WOWOW. Later that month, the documentary was screened at the Hot Docs Film Festival in Toronto, Canada under the name "Living the Game."On June 1, 2016, Japanese publisher Shogakukan released the book "悩みどころと逃げどころ" (Nayamidokoro to Nigedokoro), a written discussion between Umehara and the popular Japanese blogger Chikirin.
In July 2016, an official English translation of Umehara's first book, The Will to Keep Winning, was sold to Evo attendees as an event exclusive. The book continued to be sold exclusively at fighting game events across the globe throughout the remainder of 2016.
On September 14, 2016, Umehara announced that he had achieved two new World Records recognized by Guinness World Records: "Most views for a competitive fighting game match" (for his famous match against Justin Wong from Evo 2004) and "Highest all-time rank in Ultra Street Fighter IV." Umehara received official recognition for the records via a ceremony held at Tokyo Game Show.
On November 30, 2016, Umehara announced that he had entered a new sponsorship deal with gaming headset maker HyperX.On December 1, 2016, Red Bull and director Nick McDonald released an eleven-minute documentary on Daigo Umehara entitled, "Mind of a Beast." In the piece, Umehara addressed the pressures of life as a professional gamer, and asserted a distinction between the mythical public figure "Umehara" and the flawed human being, Daigo Umehara.
2017
On January 19, 2017, Daigo gave a two-hour lecture entitled "1日ひとつだけ、強くなる" ("Ichinichi hitotsu dake, tsuyoku naru"|"Getting Stronger Everyday") at the Keio University Marunouchi City Campus. In the lecture, Daigo discussed the ups and downs of carving out a niche as a professional gamer. He spoke to a sold-out audience.On March 1, 2017, Umehara announced that he had entered another sponsorship with Japanese game developer Cygames, alongside fellow pro fighting gamers Darryl "Snake Eyez" Lewis and Eduardo "PR Balrog" Perez. Together, the three athletes donned the moniker "Cygames Beast," sporting T-shirts with a matching new logo.
From March to May 2017, Umehara participated in the ELEAGUE Street Fighter Invitational, during which he played solely as Guile. Beginning in Group B alongside Snake Eyez and PR Balrog, Umehara pushed his way into the Playoffs, ultimately finishing 8th overall.
On May 27–28, Umehara participated in Red Bull Kumite in Paris, France. He placed 4th overall.On June 27, Umehara appeared in the Red Bull France-produced documentary, "The Art of Street Fighting" alongside fellow pro gamers Xiao Hai, Gamerbee, Tokido, and Luffy.On July 14–16, Umehara participated in EVO 2017. After a no-loss sweep in Round 1, he was bumped into the Losers bracket by Haitani during Round 2, and ultimately eliminated during the Semi-Finals by longtime rival Justin Wong.On July 14, Daigo launched the "Beast" apparel brand in conjunction with apparel makers Nsurgo. The brand is represented by Daigo as well as fellow Cygames-sponsored gamers Snake Eyez and PR Balrog.
2018
A memorable match took place early in the year when Daigo met his longtime rival, Tokido, in a first-to-ten bout at the Kemonomichi II exhibition. Tokido, who at this point was the defending EVO champion and one of the most dominant players on the scene, was determined to prove that he could outplay Daigo in a long-set format. Although Daigo had been less active by comparison and more focused on hosting events, he was also confident about his chances. On March 10, the pair clashed in their highly anticipated matchup. Daigo ended up winning the competitive set 10-5, leaving Tokido visibly upset at his loss.On July 22, he won the VSFighting Premier Event in Birmingham (United Kingdom).Later on during the year in November, Daigo attended the Red Bull Kumite invitational tournament once again, this time placing 3rd behind Problem X and champion Fujimura.In the Capcom Cup tournament for the year, Daigo finished in 25th place.
2019
Umehara started out his competitive year in 2019 with a disappointing finish in 33rd place at Final Round. Later that same month, he had more success at the NorCal Regionals, where he made the top 8.At the next major tournament Daigo attended, The Mixup, he managed to battle his way through to the Grand Finals where he faced off against Victor Woodley aka Punk, who was dominating the Capcom Pro Tour. In a hard-fought match that came down to the final round, Punk narrowly defeated his opponent. Nevertheless, Daigo's performance in the year was good enough to place him at 4th overall in the CPT rankings.Following this, Daigo continued his success with a 5th/6th place finish in the CPT Premier tournament at Community Efforts Orlando 2019, where he was eliminated by Fujimura.On October 27, Daigo placed 7th/8th in the CPT Premier tournament at First Attack 2019, where he was eliminated by Jonathan "JB" Bautista.Despite not winning any major tournaments, Daigo's consistent appearance at international CPT events throughout the year was enough to earn him a qualification spot at the 2019 Capcom Cup finals. There, Daigo was eliminated by Tokido with a score of 3-2 in the second round of the tournament, leaving him with a tied 17th-24th place finish to end the 2019 competitive Street Fighter V season.Daigo participated in another Red Bull Kumite in December, which was being held in Nagoya, Japan. With a tough tournament pool featuring Tokido, Problem X, Punk, and numerous other strong players, Daigo only managed a 13th place finish, tied with Bonchan, Gachikun, and Haku.
Books
Manga
"Umehara FIGHTING GAMERS!" is a dramatized manga depiction of Umehara's life as a young participant in the Street Fighter arcade scene, and features several noted players from the Japanese fighting game community. The series is considered a flagship title for its publisher, Kadokawa Shoten, who are actively marketing the series and have confirmed plans to serialize it in their seinen comic magazine Young Ace UP.
The series is illustrated by Kengoro Nishide and written by Saitaru Orika and Maki Tomoi, with Daigo acting as an editorial supervisor.
On July 14, 2017, the English translation of Daigo's manga series, titled Daigo the Beast: Umehara Fighting Gamers, debuted with the release of Volume 1 (which compiles the first and second volumes of the Japanese series). The volume, published and translated by Udon Entertainment, was released as an early exclusive for EVO attendees, and is planned for a wider release in December 2017.
Achievements
References
External links
Daigo Umehara's official homepage (in English and Japanese)
Daigo Umehara's Japanese fan site (in Japanese)
Daigo Umehara related articles on Japanese gaming magazines (in Japanese) | instance of | {
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Daigo Umehara (Japanese: 梅原 大吾, Hepburn: Umehara Daigo, born 19 May 1981) is a Japanese arcade fighting video game player. He specializes in 2D arcade fighting games, mainly those released by Capcom. Known as "Daigo" or "The Beast" in the West and "Umehara" (ウメハラ, written in katakana instead of kanji) or "Ume" in Japan, Daigo is one of the world's most famous Street Fighter players and is often considered its greatest as well. His longevity is seen as an incredibly rare thing in the world of competitive video games. He currently holds a world record of "the most successful player in major tournaments of Street Fighter" in the Guinness World Records and is a six time Evo Championship Series winner.Before properly being called a pro gamer from signing a sponsorship deal with Mad Catz, Japanese media usually referred to Daigo as "the god of 2D fighting games" (2D格闘ゲームの神, 2D Kakutō Gēmu no Kami).
Early career
Daigo began going to an arcade game center and playing fighting games as an elementary school student around 10 years of age. Street Fighter II and Fatal Fury: King of Fighters had recently been released and were Daigo's first two fighting games. Street Fighter II often had a very long line with older players, so he began learning Fatal Fury first. After some time and due to the limited time he could stay at the game center, Daigo started challenging other players in Street Fighter II' (Champion Edition) for an opportunity to play even though he felt shy and had to ask for permission. This was when he discovered that he preferred competing with other players.Around the time when he was a 13-year-old middle school student, Daigo shifted his main game to Vampire Hunter because he thought he was more skilled in that game than in Street Fighter II. He developed a reputation in Vampire Hunter by setting a 286-win streak record in a single outing before he was forced to leave due to Akihabara Sega (now Club Sega) game center closing for the day. Umehara enrolled in his first tournament when he entered GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Hunter tournament in 1995, losing in the block's finals. His first tournament victory came at his second tournament, GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Savior tournament in 1997, where he defeated Ōnuki (now Nuki) in the finals.In 1998, at the age of 17 Daigo participated in Capcom's official Street Fighter Zero 3 national tournament and advanced to the finals which took place on a stage in Tokyo Game Show 1998: Autumn on October 11. After winning the tournament by defeating Ōnuki 3-1, Daigo, as the champion, went on to face Alex Valle, the winner of the U.S. national Street Fighter Alpha 3 tournament. The international "Grand Championship" was held in San Francisco, California on November 8. This was Daigo's first trip to the U.S. and his first overseas tournament appearance. The match was best of three games, with five-round games. Daigo came from behind to win 2-1. Both events aired as a 50-minute TV report in Japan.In September 2001, Daigo's popularity led to the publishing of a mini-autobiography called VERSUS (known as "Umehon" (ウメ本) or "Ume Book" by fans). The book's content is separated into six chapters chronicling the games in which he competes and includes background stories, anecdotes of competitions, and analysis of his opponents.In 2002, Daigo appeared in a U.S. versus Japan exhibition in Japan. American players competed in four games (Super Street Fighter II Turbo, Street Fighter Alpha 3, Street Fighter III 3rd Strike and Marvel vs. Capcom 2) for the right to battle Japan's best players in those respective games. Umehara only entered the 3rd Strike exhibition, but defeated all of his opponents, ending each round with Ken's fierce Shoryuken. These events were filmed for the documentary Bang the Machine.In 2003, Daigo won the Super Street Fighter II Turbo tournament in the first Super Battle Opera (Tougeki) and won the same game in Evolution Championship Series when he joined the event for the first time in the same year, making him the first player to win both the SBO and Evolution in the same year on the same game. Umehara also went to Evolution 2004 and Absolution 2004 on April 18 in England and won on SSFII Turbo there.Daigo has participated regularly in a number of tournaments, appearing in at least one each year since his start in 1997, with a brief hiatus in 2008.
Play style
Throughout his career, Daigo Umehara's main character has been Ryu and his play style based on zoning (keeping the opponent at a specific distance) even though he is also adept in close combat. Since Street Fighter V's balance patch in December 2016 that nerfed Ryu to balance the game, Daigo switched to Guile, a charge character. Daigo said, "I don't care if I play a top tier character. I don't need to pick a top tier character, but I want to have a character that can fight the top tiers. It's boring if you go to tournament and you know you're going to run into a really bad match up, it's like 'Oh, I can't win because of the match up'". Hesitating between Urien and Guile, he finally chose the latter, but decided to try Ryu one more time in Topanga League 6 and Final Round 20. His disappointing results (he finished respectively last and 33rd) made him give up on Ryu. Since then, he has continued to play with Guile in spite of a new balance patch that partially restored Ryu in 2017.
Evolution 2004
Despite having never matched off against him before, Umehara was known for having a supposed rivalry with the American Justin Wong due to their differences in gaming philosophies. The two players met each other in the loser's finals of Evo 2004's Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike tournament. Umehara, playing using the character Ken, was down to his last pixel of vitality and any special attack by Wong's Chun-Li, even if guarded, could knock Ken out. Wong attempted to hit his opponent with Chun-Li's "Super Art" move, forcing Umehara to parry 15 attacks in a very short period of time. Umehara did so successfully and went on to counter a final kick of Chun-Li in mid-air before launching a combo move himself and winning the match. Though Umehara lost the grand finals to Kenji Obata, the clip of him parrying Wong's multihit attack became hugely influential and has been compared to famous sports moments such as Babe Ruth's called shot and the Miracle on Ice."Evo Moment 37", also known as the "Daigo Parry", is frequently described as the most iconic and memorable moment in the history of competitive video gaming. It was at one point the most-watched competitive gaming moment of all time.
Street Fighter IV era
In July 2008, Umehara came out of retirement and became competitive once again. This time, his focus was on the newly released Street Fighter IV. Because of this, Japanese arcade gaming magazine Arcadia has included a DVD featuring "Umehara Concept Matches" in its January 2009 issue (released on November 29, 2008) and "The God has returned" was stated in Umehara's player introduction part. The DVD contains exhibition matches between him and Japan's 6 top players such as Inoue, Itabashi Zangief, Fuudo, Nemo, and Mago.
2009
On March 5, Umehara made an appearance as the "god of the fighting games world" on the TV show "Gamer's Koshien". He and four other top Japanese players (Soushihan KSK, Itabashi Zangief, Mago, and Tokido) competed with each other and with celebrities in a Street Fighter IV round-robin tournament.On April 18, at GameStop's Street Fighter IV National Tournament 2009 in San Francisco, California, four players from three countries held exhibition matches following the main competition. Umehara, who came by Capcom's invitation, defeated players Iyo, Poongko and Justin Wong to win the tournament. For the win, he was awarded a free trip to Evolution 2009 in Las Vegas.Umehara began writing a column in Arcadia called Umehara Column: Michi, starting with the August issue. ("Umehara Column: Street")
Thanks to his win at the GameStop tournament, Umehara entered the Evolution 2009 Street Fighter IV competition as a seeded player in the semi-finals on July 18, which was the second day of the event. In the third and final day, Umehara defeated Justin Wong and placed him in the Losers Bracket, then advanced to the grand finals only to meet Wong again. The two fought until the last game possible, but Umehara ultimately won the competition.The September issue of Arcadia magazine included a DVD featuring a set of "Umehara's Concept Matches." This was a follow-up to a previous DVD which released in late 2008.On August 7, Umehara participated in an all night tournament called "GODSGARDEN."Umehara participated in exhibition matches in a Street Fighter IV competition in Taiwan on October 10. The matches were broadcast live on Famitsu's web channel.Umehara returned to the United States to join a tournament called Season's Beatings, held October 16–18 in Columbus, Ohio. He won Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix and Street Fighter IV Singles competition.In a November interview with Simon Parkin, a 28 year old Daigo stated that he felt he was, currently, at his peak as a gamer. He went on to clarify his claim: "My reactions are probably comparable to when I was younger, but I no longer grow agitated when I'm cornered. Nothing can mentally break me anymore; I have mastered nervousness and tension. I can instantly tell opponents apart and categorize them into groups and types according to their personality and weaknesses. As I haven't felt my physical abilities weakening yet, I think I might be at the peak of my career as a fighting gamer."On November 26, Umehara and five other top Japanese Street Fighter IV players joined a Nico Nico live internet show to talk about the second GODSGARDEN tournament. The show also featured an exhibition match between Umehara and Mago.
2010
Instead of participating in GODSGARDEN #2 (March 6), Umehara flew to France to enter Street Fighter IV tournaments in the World Game Cup gaming event, which took place March 3–7. He placed second in singles and first in 2-on-2.On April 4, Umehara and two teammates participated in an official Street Fighter IV National Tournament and qualified for the top 14. His team was eliminated, in the quarter finals.Umehara participated in Capcom's Super Street Fighter IV "Fight Club" launch party in Los Angeles, United States on April 23. Umehara held exhibition matches in which he played various characters including Hakan, Guy, and Dee Jay against a dozen challengers. The event closed with a 3-out-of-5 match between Umehara and Justin Wong, ending in a double-K.O. draw which left Umehara undefeated all night. It was also revealed at the event that Umehara had accepted a sponsorship deal with Mad Catz and would play under their name in future tournaments.
The limited edition of Super Street Fighter IV from the e-CAPCOM store included a special DVD featuring two tournaments between Japan's 8 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Iyo, Shirou, Kin Devu, Momochi, Tokidoki Nukings, and Itabashi Zangief. The Super Street Fighter IV Technical Guide published by Enterbrain which was released on April 28 includes a DVD featuring exhibition matches of the new characters played by Japan's 7 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Kin Devu, Iyo, Momochi, Itabashi Zangief, and Shirou.On May 9, Umehara appeared on the NHK Sunday night program "MAG-NET" in a feature about Street Fighter.On May 15, Nico Nico Live held a Super Street Fighter IV online competition where participating online players on Xbox Live got a chance to fight Japan's 3 top players: Umehara, Mago, and Tokido. They also held offline matches and a brief talking segment.May 29–30, Umehara went to Australia for the first time to participate in Evolution Asia Pacific's Super Street Fighter IV tournament in Sydney. He won the tournament, losing just one game. As the grand prize, he earned a paid flight to Evolution 2010 in Las Vegas where he would start off as a seeded player.On June 4, Umehara joined the 106th Xbox Live Park online event held by Microsoft Japan with Famitsu's editorial department. During the two-hour event, participating Xbox Live Gold members had the opportunity to chat and face off with Umehara in Super Street Fighter IV online matches.After getting 2nd place in Nagoya Street Battle 15 (July 4), Umehara joined Evolution 2010 on July 9–11 and faced a tougher challenge than before with over 1,700 players from around the world participating in the Super Street Fighter IV tournament. Nevertheless, Umehara secured a win without ever dropping into the Losers bracket. The live stream of the event set a new record with an approximate 48,000 viewers at its peak across its two channels (Stickam 18,000 and Ustream 30,000).After winning the qualifier on May 22, Umehara's team participated in the Super Battle Opera 2010 Street Fighter IV finals on September 19 and won second place. The event took place as a part of Tokyo Game Show 2010 at Makuhari Messe International Convention Complex.Umehara participated in the Season's Beatings tournament in Ohio for the second time October 15–17, the Southern California Regionals tournament in Los Angeles November 6–7, the Canada Cup in Canada November 13–14, and the Northern California Regionals tournament November 20–21. He also attended an exhibition event in Kuwait on November 26.
2012
Umehara published his first book The Will to Keep Winning (勝ち続ける意志力, Kachitsuzukeru ishiryoku) on April 2, 2012. The book reached the #1 best-selling spot on Amazon Japan's Kindle store.
2013
On April 13, 2013, Daigo attended the New York University Game Center's fourth annual Spring Fighter event as a special guest alongside Seth Killian. At the event, Umehara and Killian held a talk, in which Umehara discussed his life in and out of the Street Fighter scene.On June 6, 2013, Daigo spoke at the first in a series of seminars hosted by Tohmatsu Innovation Co, Ltd. targeting business executives.
On August 30, 2013, Daigo had a match against the 2013 EVO Champion Xian. The rule was the first to win 10 matches will be declared the winner. Daigo won the match 10-0 against the world Champion Xian.A couple of months later, in a similar match, Daigo beat Infiltration 10-2.On November 24, 2013, Daigo held a panel at the DODA career fair where he spoke about his experiences as a professional gamer.
2015
During the Stunfest 2015 final, Daigo managed to pull off an impressive 25-hit combo with Evil Ryu against Ken controlled by Momochi who was the best Ultra Street Fighter IV player of the season according to the Capcom Pro Tour 2015 ranking. The combo thrilled the crowd and was acclaimed by the live french and english commentators. It was selected by Capcom as one of the «Most Hype Moments» of 2015 in a retrospective video. « You could hear the crowd go wild and if you were watching the stream you could see the stream chat go crazy » wrote Capcom in an article, while a french spectator who was in the crowd said that « Daigo's incredible 25-hit combo with Evil Ryu stunned the crowd and the opponent ». Daigo finally won the tournament beating Momochi 3-1, 3-1.
Umehara penned a foreword for the September issue of Japan's Harvard Business Review, with the title "得意なことより好きなことを追求する" ("Tokui na koto yori suki na koto wo tsuikyuu suru"|"Pursue that which you like rather than that at which you excel").
In December 2015, Umehara announced his intentions to donate the entirety of his winnings from the Capcom Pro Tour 2015 Finals, a sum of $60,000, to the Evo Scholarship, a New York University scholarship program which offers financial assistance to students wishing to study game design at the NYU Game Center at the Tisch School of the Arts. The NYU Game Center confirmed the $60,000 donation on January 6, 2016.
Street Fighter V era
2016
The January issue of the Japanese Harvard Business Review featured a twelve-page interview with Umehara entitled, "感情を制するものはゲームを制す" ("Kanjou wo seisuru mono wa game wo seisu"|"He who controls his emotions controls the game.")
In February 2016, Daigo was narrowly defeated by American rapper and music producer Lupe Fiasco in a Street Fighter V exhibition match. The event, organized by former Mad Catz executive Mark Julio, was live streamed to over 75,000 viewers. Several observers noted that Daigo's timing appeared to be off, and that he did not capitalize on key strategic openings during the match.
On April 26, 2016, Daigo held a talk in conjunction with Mizuho bank and medical professor Yoshiki Ishikawa in Osaka, Japan.In May, 2016, Daigo appeared in the Street Fighter documentary, "格闘ゲームに生きる" (Kakuto geemu ni ikiru | Living the Game), broadcast on WOWOW. Later that month, the documentary was screened at the Hot Docs Film Festival in Toronto, Canada under the name "Living the Game."On June 1, 2016, Japanese publisher Shogakukan released the book "悩みどころと逃げどころ" (Nayamidokoro to Nigedokoro), a written discussion between Umehara and the popular Japanese blogger Chikirin.
In July 2016, an official English translation of Umehara's first book, The Will to Keep Winning, was sold to Evo attendees as an event exclusive. The book continued to be sold exclusively at fighting game events across the globe throughout the remainder of 2016.
On September 14, 2016, Umehara announced that he had achieved two new World Records recognized by Guinness World Records: "Most views for a competitive fighting game match" (for his famous match against Justin Wong from Evo 2004) and "Highest all-time rank in Ultra Street Fighter IV." Umehara received official recognition for the records via a ceremony held at Tokyo Game Show.
On November 30, 2016, Umehara announced that he had entered a new sponsorship deal with gaming headset maker HyperX.On December 1, 2016, Red Bull and director Nick McDonald released an eleven-minute documentary on Daigo Umehara entitled, "Mind of a Beast." In the piece, Umehara addressed the pressures of life as a professional gamer, and asserted a distinction between the mythical public figure "Umehara" and the flawed human being, Daigo Umehara.
2017
On January 19, 2017, Daigo gave a two-hour lecture entitled "1日ひとつだけ、強くなる" ("Ichinichi hitotsu dake, tsuyoku naru"|"Getting Stronger Everyday") at the Keio University Marunouchi City Campus. In the lecture, Daigo discussed the ups and downs of carving out a niche as a professional gamer. He spoke to a sold-out audience.On March 1, 2017, Umehara announced that he had entered another sponsorship with Japanese game developer Cygames, alongside fellow pro fighting gamers Darryl "Snake Eyez" Lewis and Eduardo "PR Balrog" Perez. Together, the three athletes donned the moniker "Cygames Beast," sporting T-shirts with a matching new logo.
From March to May 2017, Umehara participated in the ELEAGUE Street Fighter Invitational, during which he played solely as Guile. Beginning in Group B alongside Snake Eyez and PR Balrog, Umehara pushed his way into the Playoffs, ultimately finishing 8th overall.
On May 27–28, Umehara participated in Red Bull Kumite in Paris, France. He placed 4th overall.On June 27, Umehara appeared in the Red Bull France-produced documentary, "The Art of Street Fighting" alongside fellow pro gamers Xiao Hai, Gamerbee, Tokido, and Luffy.On July 14–16, Umehara participated in EVO 2017. After a no-loss sweep in Round 1, he was bumped into the Losers bracket by Haitani during Round 2, and ultimately eliminated during the Semi-Finals by longtime rival Justin Wong.On July 14, Daigo launched the "Beast" apparel brand in conjunction with apparel makers Nsurgo. The brand is represented by Daigo as well as fellow Cygames-sponsored gamers Snake Eyez and PR Balrog.
2018
A memorable match took place early in the year when Daigo met his longtime rival, Tokido, in a first-to-ten bout at the Kemonomichi II exhibition. Tokido, who at this point was the defending EVO champion and one of the most dominant players on the scene, was determined to prove that he could outplay Daigo in a long-set format. Although Daigo had been less active by comparison and more focused on hosting events, he was also confident about his chances. On March 10, the pair clashed in their highly anticipated matchup. Daigo ended up winning the competitive set 10-5, leaving Tokido visibly upset at his loss.On July 22, he won the VSFighting Premier Event in Birmingham (United Kingdom).Later on during the year in November, Daigo attended the Red Bull Kumite invitational tournament once again, this time placing 3rd behind Problem X and champion Fujimura.In the Capcom Cup tournament for the year, Daigo finished in 25th place.
2019
Umehara started out his competitive year in 2019 with a disappointing finish in 33rd place at Final Round. Later that same month, he had more success at the NorCal Regionals, where he made the top 8.At the next major tournament Daigo attended, The Mixup, he managed to battle his way through to the Grand Finals where he faced off against Victor Woodley aka Punk, who was dominating the Capcom Pro Tour. In a hard-fought match that came down to the final round, Punk narrowly defeated his opponent. Nevertheless, Daigo's performance in the year was good enough to place him at 4th overall in the CPT rankings.Following this, Daigo continued his success with a 5th/6th place finish in the CPT Premier tournament at Community Efforts Orlando 2019, where he was eliminated by Fujimura.On October 27, Daigo placed 7th/8th in the CPT Premier tournament at First Attack 2019, where he was eliminated by Jonathan "JB" Bautista.Despite not winning any major tournaments, Daigo's consistent appearance at international CPT events throughout the year was enough to earn him a qualification spot at the 2019 Capcom Cup finals. There, Daigo was eliminated by Tokido with a score of 3-2 in the second round of the tournament, leaving him with a tied 17th-24th place finish to end the 2019 competitive Street Fighter V season.Daigo participated in another Red Bull Kumite in December, which was being held in Nagoya, Japan. With a tough tournament pool featuring Tokido, Problem X, Punk, and numerous other strong players, Daigo only managed a 13th place finish, tied with Bonchan, Gachikun, and Haku.
Books
Manga
"Umehara FIGHTING GAMERS!" is a dramatized manga depiction of Umehara's life as a young participant in the Street Fighter arcade scene, and features several noted players from the Japanese fighting game community. The series is considered a flagship title for its publisher, Kadokawa Shoten, who are actively marketing the series and have confirmed plans to serialize it in their seinen comic magazine Young Ace UP.
The series is illustrated by Kengoro Nishide and written by Saitaru Orika and Maki Tomoi, with Daigo acting as an editorial supervisor.
On July 14, 2017, the English translation of Daigo's manga series, titled Daigo the Beast: Umehara Fighting Gamers, debuted with the release of Volume 1 (which compiles the first and second volumes of the Japanese series). The volume, published and translated by Udon Entertainment, was released as an early exclusive for EVO attendees, and is planned for a wider release in December 2017.
Achievements
References
External links
Daigo Umehara's official homepage (in English and Japanese)
Daigo Umehara's Japanese fan site (in Japanese)
Daigo Umehara related articles on Japanese gaming magazines (in Japanese) | occupation | {
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Daigo Umehara (Japanese: 梅原 大吾, Hepburn: Umehara Daigo, born 19 May 1981) is a Japanese arcade fighting video game player. He specializes in 2D arcade fighting games, mainly those released by Capcom. Known as "Daigo" or "The Beast" in the West and "Umehara" (ウメハラ, written in katakana instead of kanji) or "Ume" in Japan, Daigo is one of the world's most famous Street Fighter players and is often considered its greatest as well. His longevity is seen as an incredibly rare thing in the world of competitive video games. He currently holds a world record of "the most successful player in major tournaments of Street Fighter" in the Guinness World Records and is a six time Evo Championship Series winner.Before properly being called a pro gamer from signing a sponsorship deal with Mad Catz, Japanese media usually referred to Daigo as "the god of 2D fighting games" (2D格闘ゲームの神, 2D Kakutō Gēmu no Kami).
Early career
Daigo began going to an arcade game center and playing fighting games as an elementary school student around 10 years of age. Street Fighter II and Fatal Fury: King of Fighters had recently been released and were Daigo's first two fighting games. Street Fighter II often had a very long line with older players, so he began learning Fatal Fury first. After some time and due to the limited time he could stay at the game center, Daigo started challenging other players in Street Fighter II' (Champion Edition) for an opportunity to play even though he felt shy and had to ask for permission. This was when he discovered that he preferred competing with other players.Around the time when he was a 13-year-old middle school student, Daigo shifted his main game to Vampire Hunter because he thought he was more skilled in that game than in Street Fighter II. He developed a reputation in Vampire Hunter by setting a 286-win streak record in a single outing before he was forced to leave due to Akihabara Sega (now Club Sega) game center closing for the day. Umehara enrolled in his first tournament when he entered GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Hunter tournament in 1995, losing in the block's finals. His first tournament victory came at his second tournament, GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Savior tournament in 1997, where he defeated Ōnuki (now Nuki) in the finals.In 1998, at the age of 17 Daigo participated in Capcom's official Street Fighter Zero 3 national tournament and advanced to the finals which took place on a stage in Tokyo Game Show 1998: Autumn on October 11. After winning the tournament by defeating Ōnuki 3-1, Daigo, as the champion, went on to face Alex Valle, the winner of the U.S. national Street Fighter Alpha 3 tournament. The international "Grand Championship" was held in San Francisco, California on November 8. This was Daigo's first trip to the U.S. and his first overseas tournament appearance. The match was best of three games, with five-round games. Daigo came from behind to win 2-1. Both events aired as a 50-minute TV report in Japan.In September 2001, Daigo's popularity led to the publishing of a mini-autobiography called VERSUS (known as "Umehon" (ウメ本) or "Ume Book" by fans). The book's content is separated into six chapters chronicling the games in which he competes and includes background stories, anecdotes of competitions, and analysis of his opponents.In 2002, Daigo appeared in a U.S. versus Japan exhibition in Japan. American players competed in four games (Super Street Fighter II Turbo, Street Fighter Alpha 3, Street Fighter III 3rd Strike and Marvel vs. Capcom 2) for the right to battle Japan's best players in those respective games. Umehara only entered the 3rd Strike exhibition, but defeated all of his opponents, ending each round with Ken's fierce Shoryuken. These events were filmed for the documentary Bang the Machine.In 2003, Daigo won the Super Street Fighter II Turbo tournament in the first Super Battle Opera (Tougeki) and won the same game in Evolution Championship Series when he joined the event for the first time in the same year, making him the first player to win both the SBO and Evolution in the same year on the same game. Umehara also went to Evolution 2004 and Absolution 2004 on April 18 in England and won on SSFII Turbo there.Daigo has participated regularly in a number of tournaments, appearing in at least one each year since his start in 1997, with a brief hiatus in 2008.
Play style
Throughout his career, Daigo Umehara's main character has been Ryu and his play style based on zoning (keeping the opponent at a specific distance) even though he is also adept in close combat. Since Street Fighter V's balance patch in December 2016 that nerfed Ryu to balance the game, Daigo switched to Guile, a charge character. Daigo said, "I don't care if I play a top tier character. I don't need to pick a top tier character, but I want to have a character that can fight the top tiers. It's boring if you go to tournament and you know you're going to run into a really bad match up, it's like 'Oh, I can't win because of the match up'". Hesitating between Urien and Guile, he finally chose the latter, but decided to try Ryu one more time in Topanga League 6 and Final Round 20. His disappointing results (he finished respectively last and 33rd) made him give up on Ryu. Since then, he has continued to play with Guile in spite of a new balance patch that partially restored Ryu in 2017.
Evolution 2004
Despite having never matched off against him before, Umehara was known for having a supposed rivalry with the American Justin Wong due to their differences in gaming philosophies. The two players met each other in the loser's finals of Evo 2004's Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike tournament. Umehara, playing using the character Ken, was down to his last pixel of vitality and any special attack by Wong's Chun-Li, even if guarded, could knock Ken out. Wong attempted to hit his opponent with Chun-Li's "Super Art" move, forcing Umehara to parry 15 attacks in a very short period of time. Umehara did so successfully and went on to counter a final kick of Chun-Li in mid-air before launching a combo move himself and winning the match. Though Umehara lost the grand finals to Kenji Obata, the clip of him parrying Wong's multihit attack became hugely influential and has been compared to famous sports moments such as Babe Ruth's called shot and the Miracle on Ice."Evo Moment 37", also known as the "Daigo Parry", is frequently described as the most iconic and memorable moment in the history of competitive video gaming. It was at one point the most-watched competitive gaming moment of all time.
Street Fighter IV era
In July 2008, Umehara came out of retirement and became competitive once again. This time, his focus was on the newly released Street Fighter IV. Because of this, Japanese arcade gaming magazine Arcadia has included a DVD featuring "Umehara Concept Matches" in its January 2009 issue (released on November 29, 2008) and "The God has returned" was stated in Umehara's player introduction part. The DVD contains exhibition matches between him and Japan's 6 top players such as Inoue, Itabashi Zangief, Fuudo, Nemo, and Mago.
2009
On March 5, Umehara made an appearance as the "god of the fighting games world" on the TV show "Gamer's Koshien". He and four other top Japanese players (Soushihan KSK, Itabashi Zangief, Mago, and Tokido) competed with each other and with celebrities in a Street Fighter IV round-robin tournament.On April 18, at GameStop's Street Fighter IV National Tournament 2009 in San Francisco, California, four players from three countries held exhibition matches following the main competition. Umehara, who came by Capcom's invitation, defeated players Iyo, Poongko and Justin Wong to win the tournament. For the win, he was awarded a free trip to Evolution 2009 in Las Vegas.Umehara began writing a column in Arcadia called Umehara Column: Michi, starting with the August issue. ("Umehara Column: Street")
Thanks to his win at the GameStop tournament, Umehara entered the Evolution 2009 Street Fighter IV competition as a seeded player in the semi-finals on July 18, which was the second day of the event. In the third and final day, Umehara defeated Justin Wong and placed him in the Losers Bracket, then advanced to the grand finals only to meet Wong again. The two fought until the last game possible, but Umehara ultimately won the competition.The September issue of Arcadia magazine included a DVD featuring a set of "Umehara's Concept Matches." This was a follow-up to a previous DVD which released in late 2008.On August 7, Umehara participated in an all night tournament called "GODSGARDEN."Umehara participated in exhibition matches in a Street Fighter IV competition in Taiwan on October 10. The matches were broadcast live on Famitsu's web channel.Umehara returned to the United States to join a tournament called Season's Beatings, held October 16–18 in Columbus, Ohio. He won Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix and Street Fighter IV Singles competition.In a November interview with Simon Parkin, a 28 year old Daigo stated that he felt he was, currently, at his peak as a gamer. He went on to clarify his claim: "My reactions are probably comparable to when I was younger, but I no longer grow agitated when I'm cornered. Nothing can mentally break me anymore; I have mastered nervousness and tension. I can instantly tell opponents apart and categorize them into groups and types according to their personality and weaknesses. As I haven't felt my physical abilities weakening yet, I think I might be at the peak of my career as a fighting gamer."On November 26, Umehara and five other top Japanese Street Fighter IV players joined a Nico Nico live internet show to talk about the second GODSGARDEN tournament. The show also featured an exhibition match between Umehara and Mago.
2010
Instead of participating in GODSGARDEN #2 (March 6), Umehara flew to France to enter Street Fighter IV tournaments in the World Game Cup gaming event, which took place March 3–7. He placed second in singles and first in 2-on-2.On April 4, Umehara and two teammates participated in an official Street Fighter IV National Tournament and qualified for the top 14. His team was eliminated, in the quarter finals.Umehara participated in Capcom's Super Street Fighter IV "Fight Club" launch party in Los Angeles, United States on April 23. Umehara held exhibition matches in which he played various characters including Hakan, Guy, and Dee Jay against a dozen challengers. The event closed with a 3-out-of-5 match between Umehara and Justin Wong, ending in a double-K.O. draw which left Umehara undefeated all night. It was also revealed at the event that Umehara had accepted a sponsorship deal with Mad Catz and would play under their name in future tournaments.
The limited edition of Super Street Fighter IV from the e-CAPCOM store included a special DVD featuring two tournaments between Japan's 8 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Iyo, Shirou, Kin Devu, Momochi, Tokidoki Nukings, and Itabashi Zangief. The Super Street Fighter IV Technical Guide published by Enterbrain which was released on April 28 includes a DVD featuring exhibition matches of the new characters played by Japan's 7 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Kin Devu, Iyo, Momochi, Itabashi Zangief, and Shirou.On May 9, Umehara appeared on the NHK Sunday night program "MAG-NET" in a feature about Street Fighter.On May 15, Nico Nico Live held a Super Street Fighter IV online competition where participating online players on Xbox Live got a chance to fight Japan's 3 top players: Umehara, Mago, and Tokido. They also held offline matches and a brief talking segment.May 29–30, Umehara went to Australia for the first time to participate in Evolution Asia Pacific's Super Street Fighter IV tournament in Sydney. He won the tournament, losing just one game. As the grand prize, he earned a paid flight to Evolution 2010 in Las Vegas where he would start off as a seeded player.On June 4, Umehara joined the 106th Xbox Live Park online event held by Microsoft Japan with Famitsu's editorial department. During the two-hour event, participating Xbox Live Gold members had the opportunity to chat and face off with Umehara in Super Street Fighter IV online matches.After getting 2nd place in Nagoya Street Battle 15 (July 4), Umehara joined Evolution 2010 on July 9–11 and faced a tougher challenge than before with over 1,700 players from around the world participating in the Super Street Fighter IV tournament. Nevertheless, Umehara secured a win without ever dropping into the Losers bracket. The live stream of the event set a new record with an approximate 48,000 viewers at its peak across its two channels (Stickam 18,000 and Ustream 30,000).After winning the qualifier on May 22, Umehara's team participated in the Super Battle Opera 2010 Street Fighter IV finals on September 19 and won second place. The event took place as a part of Tokyo Game Show 2010 at Makuhari Messe International Convention Complex.Umehara participated in the Season's Beatings tournament in Ohio for the second time October 15–17, the Southern California Regionals tournament in Los Angeles November 6–7, the Canada Cup in Canada November 13–14, and the Northern California Regionals tournament November 20–21. He also attended an exhibition event in Kuwait on November 26.
2012
Umehara published his first book The Will to Keep Winning (勝ち続ける意志力, Kachitsuzukeru ishiryoku) on April 2, 2012. The book reached the #1 best-selling spot on Amazon Japan's Kindle store.
2013
On April 13, 2013, Daigo attended the New York University Game Center's fourth annual Spring Fighter event as a special guest alongside Seth Killian. At the event, Umehara and Killian held a talk, in which Umehara discussed his life in and out of the Street Fighter scene.On June 6, 2013, Daigo spoke at the first in a series of seminars hosted by Tohmatsu Innovation Co, Ltd. targeting business executives.
On August 30, 2013, Daigo had a match against the 2013 EVO Champion Xian. The rule was the first to win 10 matches will be declared the winner. Daigo won the match 10-0 against the world Champion Xian.A couple of months later, in a similar match, Daigo beat Infiltration 10-2.On November 24, 2013, Daigo held a panel at the DODA career fair where he spoke about his experiences as a professional gamer.
2015
During the Stunfest 2015 final, Daigo managed to pull off an impressive 25-hit combo with Evil Ryu against Ken controlled by Momochi who was the best Ultra Street Fighter IV player of the season according to the Capcom Pro Tour 2015 ranking. The combo thrilled the crowd and was acclaimed by the live french and english commentators. It was selected by Capcom as one of the «Most Hype Moments» of 2015 in a retrospective video. « You could hear the crowd go wild and if you were watching the stream you could see the stream chat go crazy » wrote Capcom in an article, while a french spectator who was in the crowd said that « Daigo's incredible 25-hit combo with Evil Ryu stunned the crowd and the opponent ». Daigo finally won the tournament beating Momochi 3-1, 3-1.
Umehara penned a foreword for the September issue of Japan's Harvard Business Review, with the title "得意なことより好きなことを追求する" ("Tokui na koto yori suki na koto wo tsuikyuu suru"|"Pursue that which you like rather than that at which you excel").
In December 2015, Umehara announced his intentions to donate the entirety of his winnings from the Capcom Pro Tour 2015 Finals, a sum of $60,000, to the Evo Scholarship, a New York University scholarship program which offers financial assistance to students wishing to study game design at the NYU Game Center at the Tisch School of the Arts. The NYU Game Center confirmed the $60,000 donation on January 6, 2016.
Street Fighter V era
2016
The January issue of the Japanese Harvard Business Review featured a twelve-page interview with Umehara entitled, "感情を制するものはゲームを制す" ("Kanjou wo seisuru mono wa game wo seisu"|"He who controls his emotions controls the game.")
In February 2016, Daigo was narrowly defeated by American rapper and music producer Lupe Fiasco in a Street Fighter V exhibition match. The event, organized by former Mad Catz executive Mark Julio, was live streamed to over 75,000 viewers. Several observers noted that Daigo's timing appeared to be off, and that he did not capitalize on key strategic openings during the match.
On April 26, 2016, Daigo held a talk in conjunction with Mizuho bank and medical professor Yoshiki Ishikawa in Osaka, Japan.In May, 2016, Daigo appeared in the Street Fighter documentary, "格闘ゲームに生きる" (Kakuto geemu ni ikiru | Living the Game), broadcast on WOWOW. Later that month, the documentary was screened at the Hot Docs Film Festival in Toronto, Canada under the name "Living the Game."On June 1, 2016, Japanese publisher Shogakukan released the book "悩みどころと逃げどころ" (Nayamidokoro to Nigedokoro), a written discussion between Umehara and the popular Japanese blogger Chikirin.
In July 2016, an official English translation of Umehara's first book, The Will to Keep Winning, was sold to Evo attendees as an event exclusive. The book continued to be sold exclusively at fighting game events across the globe throughout the remainder of 2016.
On September 14, 2016, Umehara announced that he had achieved two new World Records recognized by Guinness World Records: "Most views for a competitive fighting game match" (for his famous match against Justin Wong from Evo 2004) and "Highest all-time rank in Ultra Street Fighter IV." Umehara received official recognition for the records via a ceremony held at Tokyo Game Show.
On November 30, 2016, Umehara announced that he had entered a new sponsorship deal with gaming headset maker HyperX.On December 1, 2016, Red Bull and director Nick McDonald released an eleven-minute documentary on Daigo Umehara entitled, "Mind of a Beast." In the piece, Umehara addressed the pressures of life as a professional gamer, and asserted a distinction between the mythical public figure "Umehara" and the flawed human being, Daigo Umehara.
2017
On January 19, 2017, Daigo gave a two-hour lecture entitled "1日ひとつだけ、強くなる" ("Ichinichi hitotsu dake, tsuyoku naru"|"Getting Stronger Everyday") at the Keio University Marunouchi City Campus. In the lecture, Daigo discussed the ups and downs of carving out a niche as a professional gamer. He spoke to a sold-out audience.On March 1, 2017, Umehara announced that he had entered another sponsorship with Japanese game developer Cygames, alongside fellow pro fighting gamers Darryl "Snake Eyez" Lewis and Eduardo "PR Balrog" Perez. Together, the three athletes donned the moniker "Cygames Beast," sporting T-shirts with a matching new logo.
From March to May 2017, Umehara participated in the ELEAGUE Street Fighter Invitational, during which he played solely as Guile. Beginning in Group B alongside Snake Eyez and PR Balrog, Umehara pushed his way into the Playoffs, ultimately finishing 8th overall.
On May 27–28, Umehara participated in Red Bull Kumite in Paris, France. He placed 4th overall.On June 27, Umehara appeared in the Red Bull France-produced documentary, "The Art of Street Fighting" alongside fellow pro gamers Xiao Hai, Gamerbee, Tokido, and Luffy.On July 14–16, Umehara participated in EVO 2017. After a no-loss sweep in Round 1, he was bumped into the Losers bracket by Haitani during Round 2, and ultimately eliminated during the Semi-Finals by longtime rival Justin Wong.On July 14, Daigo launched the "Beast" apparel brand in conjunction with apparel makers Nsurgo. The brand is represented by Daigo as well as fellow Cygames-sponsored gamers Snake Eyez and PR Balrog.
2018
A memorable match took place early in the year when Daigo met his longtime rival, Tokido, in a first-to-ten bout at the Kemonomichi II exhibition. Tokido, who at this point was the defending EVO champion and one of the most dominant players on the scene, was determined to prove that he could outplay Daigo in a long-set format. Although Daigo had been less active by comparison and more focused on hosting events, he was also confident about his chances. On March 10, the pair clashed in their highly anticipated matchup. Daigo ended up winning the competitive set 10-5, leaving Tokido visibly upset at his loss.On July 22, he won the VSFighting Premier Event in Birmingham (United Kingdom).Later on during the year in November, Daigo attended the Red Bull Kumite invitational tournament once again, this time placing 3rd behind Problem X and champion Fujimura.In the Capcom Cup tournament for the year, Daigo finished in 25th place.
2019
Umehara started out his competitive year in 2019 with a disappointing finish in 33rd place at Final Round. Later that same month, he had more success at the NorCal Regionals, where he made the top 8.At the next major tournament Daigo attended, The Mixup, he managed to battle his way through to the Grand Finals where he faced off against Victor Woodley aka Punk, who was dominating the Capcom Pro Tour. In a hard-fought match that came down to the final round, Punk narrowly defeated his opponent. Nevertheless, Daigo's performance in the year was good enough to place him at 4th overall in the CPT rankings.Following this, Daigo continued his success with a 5th/6th place finish in the CPT Premier tournament at Community Efforts Orlando 2019, where he was eliminated by Fujimura.On October 27, Daigo placed 7th/8th in the CPT Premier tournament at First Attack 2019, where he was eliminated by Jonathan "JB" Bautista.Despite not winning any major tournaments, Daigo's consistent appearance at international CPT events throughout the year was enough to earn him a qualification spot at the 2019 Capcom Cup finals. There, Daigo was eliminated by Tokido with a score of 3-2 in the second round of the tournament, leaving him with a tied 17th-24th place finish to end the 2019 competitive Street Fighter V season.Daigo participated in another Red Bull Kumite in December, which was being held in Nagoya, Japan. With a tough tournament pool featuring Tokido, Problem X, Punk, and numerous other strong players, Daigo only managed a 13th place finish, tied with Bonchan, Gachikun, and Haku.
Books
Manga
"Umehara FIGHTING GAMERS!" is a dramatized manga depiction of Umehara's life as a young participant in the Street Fighter arcade scene, and features several noted players from the Japanese fighting game community. The series is considered a flagship title for its publisher, Kadokawa Shoten, who are actively marketing the series and have confirmed plans to serialize it in their seinen comic magazine Young Ace UP.
The series is illustrated by Kengoro Nishide and written by Saitaru Orika and Maki Tomoi, with Daigo acting as an editorial supervisor.
On July 14, 2017, the English translation of Daigo's manga series, titled Daigo the Beast: Umehara Fighting Gamers, debuted with the release of Volume 1 (which compiles the first and second volumes of the Japanese series). The volume, published and translated by Udon Entertainment, was released as an early exclusive for EVO attendees, and is planned for a wider release in December 2017.
Achievements
References
External links
Daigo Umehara's official homepage (in English and Japanese)
Daigo Umehara's Japanese fan site (in Japanese)
Daigo Umehara related articles on Japanese gaming magazines (in Japanese) | Commons category | {
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Daigo Umehara (Japanese: 梅原 大吾, Hepburn: Umehara Daigo, born 19 May 1981) is a Japanese arcade fighting video game player. He specializes in 2D arcade fighting games, mainly those released by Capcom. Known as "Daigo" or "The Beast" in the West and "Umehara" (ウメハラ, written in katakana instead of kanji) or "Ume" in Japan, Daigo is one of the world's most famous Street Fighter players and is often considered its greatest as well. His longevity is seen as an incredibly rare thing in the world of competitive video games. He currently holds a world record of "the most successful player in major tournaments of Street Fighter" in the Guinness World Records and is a six time Evo Championship Series winner.Before properly being called a pro gamer from signing a sponsorship deal with Mad Catz, Japanese media usually referred to Daigo as "the god of 2D fighting games" (2D格闘ゲームの神, 2D Kakutō Gēmu no Kami).
Early career
Daigo began going to an arcade game center and playing fighting games as an elementary school student around 10 years of age. Street Fighter II and Fatal Fury: King of Fighters had recently been released and were Daigo's first two fighting games. Street Fighter II often had a very long line with older players, so he began learning Fatal Fury first. After some time and due to the limited time he could stay at the game center, Daigo started challenging other players in Street Fighter II' (Champion Edition) for an opportunity to play even though he felt shy and had to ask for permission. This was when he discovered that he preferred competing with other players.Around the time when he was a 13-year-old middle school student, Daigo shifted his main game to Vampire Hunter because he thought he was more skilled in that game than in Street Fighter II. He developed a reputation in Vampire Hunter by setting a 286-win streak record in a single outing before he was forced to leave due to Akihabara Sega (now Club Sega) game center closing for the day. Umehara enrolled in his first tournament when he entered GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Hunter tournament in 1995, losing in the block's finals. His first tournament victory came at his second tournament, GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Savior tournament in 1997, where he defeated Ōnuki (now Nuki) in the finals.In 1998, at the age of 17 Daigo participated in Capcom's official Street Fighter Zero 3 national tournament and advanced to the finals which took place on a stage in Tokyo Game Show 1998: Autumn on October 11. After winning the tournament by defeating Ōnuki 3-1, Daigo, as the champion, went on to face Alex Valle, the winner of the U.S. national Street Fighter Alpha 3 tournament. The international "Grand Championship" was held in San Francisco, California on November 8. This was Daigo's first trip to the U.S. and his first overseas tournament appearance. The match was best of three games, with five-round games. Daigo came from behind to win 2-1. Both events aired as a 50-minute TV report in Japan.In September 2001, Daigo's popularity led to the publishing of a mini-autobiography called VERSUS (known as "Umehon" (ウメ本) or "Ume Book" by fans). The book's content is separated into six chapters chronicling the games in which he competes and includes background stories, anecdotes of competitions, and analysis of his opponents.In 2002, Daigo appeared in a U.S. versus Japan exhibition in Japan. American players competed in four games (Super Street Fighter II Turbo, Street Fighter Alpha 3, Street Fighter III 3rd Strike and Marvel vs. Capcom 2) for the right to battle Japan's best players in those respective games. Umehara only entered the 3rd Strike exhibition, but defeated all of his opponents, ending each round with Ken's fierce Shoryuken. These events were filmed for the documentary Bang the Machine.In 2003, Daigo won the Super Street Fighter II Turbo tournament in the first Super Battle Opera (Tougeki) and won the same game in Evolution Championship Series when he joined the event for the first time in the same year, making him the first player to win both the SBO and Evolution in the same year on the same game. Umehara also went to Evolution 2004 and Absolution 2004 on April 18 in England and won on SSFII Turbo there.Daigo has participated regularly in a number of tournaments, appearing in at least one each year since his start in 1997, with a brief hiatus in 2008.
Play style
Throughout his career, Daigo Umehara's main character has been Ryu and his play style based on zoning (keeping the opponent at a specific distance) even though he is also adept in close combat. Since Street Fighter V's balance patch in December 2016 that nerfed Ryu to balance the game, Daigo switched to Guile, a charge character. Daigo said, "I don't care if I play a top tier character. I don't need to pick a top tier character, but I want to have a character that can fight the top tiers. It's boring if you go to tournament and you know you're going to run into a really bad match up, it's like 'Oh, I can't win because of the match up'". Hesitating between Urien and Guile, he finally chose the latter, but decided to try Ryu one more time in Topanga League 6 and Final Round 20. His disappointing results (he finished respectively last and 33rd) made him give up on Ryu. Since then, he has continued to play with Guile in spite of a new balance patch that partially restored Ryu in 2017.
Evolution 2004
Despite having never matched off against him before, Umehara was known for having a supposed rivalry with the American Justin Wong due to their differences in gaming philosophies. The two players met each other in the loser's finals of Evo 2004's Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike tournament. Umehara, playing using the character Ken, was down to his last pixel of vitality and any special attack by Wong's Chun-Li, even if guarded, could knock Ken out. Wong attempted to hit his opponent with Chun-Li's "Super Art" move, forcing Umehara to parry 15 attacks in a very short period of time. Umehara did so successfully and went on to counter a final kick of Chun-Li in mid-air before launching a combo move himself and winning the match. Though Umehara lost the grand finals to Kenji Obata, the clip of him parrying Wong's multihit attack became hugely influential and has been compared to famous sports moments such as Babe Ruth's called shot and the Miracle on Ice."Evo Moment 37", also known as the "Daigo Parry", is frequently described as the most iconic and memorable moment in the history of competitive video gaming. It was at one point the most-watched competitive gaming moment of all time.
Street Fighter IV era
In July 2008, Umehara came out of retirement and became competitive once again. This time, his focus was on the newly released Street Fighter IV. Because of this, Japanese arcade gaming magazine Arcadia has included a DVD featuring "Umehara Concept Matches" in its January 2009 issue (released on November 29, 2008) and "The God has returned" was stated in Umehara's player introduction part. The DVD contains exhibition matches between him and Japan's 6 top players such as Inoue, Itabashi Zangief, Fuudo, Nemo, and Mago.
2009
On March 5, Umehara made an appearance as the "god of the fighting games world" on the TV show "Gamer's Koshien". He and four other top Japanese players (Soushihan KSK, Itabashi Zangief, Mago, and Tokido) competed with each other and with celebrities in a Street Fighter IV round-robin tournament.On April 18, at GameStop's Street Fighter IV National Tournament 2009 in San Francisco, California, four players from three countries held exhibition matches following the main competition. Umehara, who came by Capcom's invitation, defeated players Iyo, Poongko and Justin Wong to win the tournament. For the win, he was awarded a free trip to Evolution 2009 in Las Vegas.Umehara began writing a column in Arcadia called Umehara Column: Michi, starting with the August issue. ("Umehara Column: Street")
Thanks to his win at the GameStop tournament, Umehara entered the Evolution 2009 Street Fighter IV competition as a seeded player in the semi-finals on July 18, which was the second day of the event. In the third and final day, Umehara defeated Justin Wong and placed him in the Losers Bracket, then advanced to the grand finals only to meet Wong again. The two fought until the last game possible, but Umehara ultimately won the competition.The September issue of Arcadia magazine included a DVD featuring a set of "Umehara's Concept Matches." This was a follow-up to a previous DVD which released in late 2008.On August 7, Umehara participated in an all night tournament called "GODSGARDEN."Umehara participated in exhibition matches in a Street Fighter IV competition in Taiwan on October 10. The matches were broadcast live on Famitsu's web channel.Umehara returned to the United States to join a tournament called Season's Beatings, held October 16–18 in Columbus, Ohio. He won Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix and Street Fighter IV Singles competition.In a November interview with Simon Parkin, a 28 year old Daigo stated that he felt he was, currently, at his peak as a gamer. He went on to clarify his claim: "My reactions are probably comparable to when I was younger, but I no longer grow agitated when I'm cornered. Nothing can mentally break me anymore; I have mastered nervousness and tension. I can instantly tell opponents apart and categorize them into groups and types according to their personality and weaknesses. As I haven't felt my physical abilities weakening yet, I think I might be at the peak of my career as a fighting gamer."On November 26, Umehara and five other top Japanese Street Fighter IV players joined a Nico Nico live internet show to talk about the second GODSGARDEN tournament. The show also featured an exhibition match between Umehara and Mago.
2010
Instead of participating in GODSGARDEN #2 (March 6), Umehara flew to France to enter Street Fighter IV tournaments in the World Game Cup gaming event, which took place March 3–7. He placed second in singles and first in 2-on-2.On April 4, Umehara and two teammates participated in an official Street Fighter IV National Tournament and qualified for the top 14. His team was eliminated, in the quarter finals.Umehara participated in Capcom's Super Street Fighter IV "Fight Club" launch party in Los Angeles, United States on April 23. Umehara held exhibition matches in which he played various characters including Hakan, Guy, and Dee Jay against a dozen challengers. The event closed with a 3-out-of-5 match between Umehara and Justin Wong, ending in a double-K.O. draw which left Umehara undefeated all night. It was also revealed at the event that Umehara had accepted a sponsorship deal with Mad Catz and would play under their name in future tournaments.
The limited edition of Super Street Fighter IV from the e-CAPCOM store included a special DVD featuring two tournaments between Japan's 8 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Iyo, Shirou, Kin Devu, Momochi, Tokidoki Nukings, and Itabashi Zangief. The Super Street Fighter IV Technical Guide published by Enterbrain which was released on April 28 includes a DVD featuring exhibition matches of the new characters played by Japan's 7 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Kin Devu, Iyo, Momochi, Itabashi Zangief, and Shirou.On May 9, Umehara appeared on the NHK Sunday night program "MAG-NET" in a feature about Street Fighter.On May 15, Nico Nico Live held a Super Street Fighter IV online competition where participating online players on Xbox Live got a chance to fight Japan's 3 top players: Umehara, Mago, and Tokido. They also held offline matches and a brief talking segment.May 29–30, Umehara went to Australia for the first time to participate in Evolution Asia Pacific's Super Street Fighter IV tournament in Sydney. He won the tournament, losing just one game. As the grand prize, he earned a paid flight to Evolution 2010 in Las Vegas where he would start off as a seeded player.On June 4, Umehara joined the 106th Xbox Live Park online event held by Microsoft Japan with Famitsu's editorial department. During the two-hour event, participating Xbox Live Gold members had the opportunity to chat and face off with Umehara in Super Street Fighter IV online matches.After getting 2nd place in Nagoya Street Battle 15 (July 4), Umehara joined Evolution 2010 on July 9–11 and faced a tougher challenge than before with over 1,700 players from around the world participating in the Super Street Fighter IV tournament. Nevertheless, Umehara secured a win without ever dropping into the Losers bracket. The live stream of the event set a new record with an approximate 48,000 viewers at its peak across its two channels (Stickam 18,000 and Ustream 30,000).After winning the qualifier on May 22, Umehara's team participated in the Super Battle Opera 2010 Street Fighter IV finals on September 19 and won second place. The event took place as a part of Tokyo Game Show 2010 at Makuhari Messe International Convention Complex.Umehara participated in the Season's Beatings tournament in Ohio for the second time October 15–17, the Southern California Regionals tournament in Los Angeles November 6–7, the Canada Cup in Canada November 13–14, and the Northern California Regionals tournament November 20–21. He also attended an exhibition event in Kuwait on November 26.
2012
Umehara published his first book The Will to Keep Winning (勝ち続ける意志力, Kachitsuzukeru ishiryoku) on April 2, 2012. The book reached the #1 best-selling spot on Amazon Japan's Kindle store.
2013
On April 13, 2013, Daigo attended the New York University Game Center's fourth annual Spring Fighter event as a special guest alongside Seth Killian. At the event, Umehara and Killian held a talk, in which Umehara discussed his life in and out of the Street Fighter scene.On June 6, 2013, Daigo spoke at the first in a series of seminars hosted by Tohmatsu Innovation Co, Ltd. targeting business executives.
On August 30, 2013, Daigo had a match against the 2013 EVO Champion Xian. The rule was the first to win 10 matches will be declared the winner. Daigo won the match 10-0 against the world Champion Xian.A couple of months later, in a similar match, Daigo beat Infiltration 10-2.On November 24, 2013, Daigo held a panel at the DODA career fair where he spoke about his experiences as a professional gamer.
2015
During the Stunfest 2015 final, Daigo managed to pull off an impressive 25-hit combo with Evil Ryu against Ken controlled by Momochi who was the best Ultra Street Fighter IV player of the season according to the Capcom Pro Tour 2015 ranking. The combo thrilled the crowd and was acclaimed by the live french and english commentators. It was selected by Capcom as one of the «Most Hype Moments» of 2015 in a retrospective video. « You could hear the crowd go wild and if you were watching the stream you could see the stream chat go crazy » wrote Capcom in an article, while a french spectator who was in the crowd said that « Daigo's incredible 25-hit combo with Evil Ryu stunned the crowd and the opponent ». Daigo finally won the tournament beating Momochi 3-1, 3-1.
Umehara penned a foreword for the September issue of Japan's Harvard Business Review, with the title "得意なことより好きなことを追求する" ("Tokui na koto yori suki na koto wo tsuikyuu suru"|"Pursue that which you like rather than that at which you excel").
In December 2015, Umehara announced his intentions to donate the entirety of his winnings from the Capcom Pro Tour 2015 Finals, a sum of $60,000, to the Evo Scholarship, a New York University scholarship program which offers financial assistance to students wishing to study game design at the NYU Game Center at the Tisch School of the Arts. The NYU Game Center confirmed the $60,000 donation on January 6, 2016.
Street Fighter V era
2016
The January issue of the Japanese Harvard Business Review featured a twelve-page interview with Umehara entitled, "感情を制するものはゲームを制す" ("Kanjou wo seisuru mono wa game wo seisu"|"He who controls his emotions controls the game.")
In February 2016, Daigo was narrowly defeated by American rapper and music producer Lupe Fiasco in a Street Fighter V exhibition match. The event, organized by former Mad Catz executive Mark Julio, was live streamed to over 75,000 viewers. Several observers noted that Daigo's timing appeared to be off, and that he did not capitalize on key strategic openings during the match.
On April 26, 2016, Daigo held a talk in conjunction with Mizuho bank and medical professor Yoshiki Ishikawa in Osaka, Japan.In May, 2016, Daigo appeared in the Street Fighter documentary, "格闘ゲームに生きる" (Kakuto geemu ni ikiru | Living the Game), broadcast on WOWOW. Later that month, the documentary was screened at the Hot Docs Film Festival in Toronto, Canada under the name "Living the Game."On June 1, 2016, Japanese publisher Shogakukan released the book "悩みどころと逃げどころ" (Nayamidokoro to Nigedokoro), a written discussion between Umehara and the popular Japanese blogger Chikirin.
In July 2016, an official English translation of Umehara's first book, The Will to Keep Winning, was sold to Evo attendees as an event exclusive. The book continued to be sold exclusively at fighting game events across the globe throughout the remainder of 2016.
On September 14, 2016, Umehara announced that he had achieved two new World Records recognized by Guinness World Records: "Most views for a competitive fighting game match" (for his famous match against Justin Wong from Evo 2004) and "Highest all-time rank in Ultra Street Fighter IV." Umehara received official recognition for the records via a ceremony held at Tokyo Game Show.
On November 30, 2016, Umehara announced that he had entered a new sponsorship deal with gaming headset maker HyperX.On December 1, 2016, Red Bull and director Nick McDonald released an eleven-minute documentary on Daigo Umehara entitled, "Mind of a Beast." In the piece, Umehara addressed the pressures of life as a professional gamer, and asserted a distinction between the mythical public figure "Umehara" and the flawed human being, Daigo Umehara.
2017
On January 19, 2017, Daigo gave a two-hour lecture entitled "1日ひとつだけ、強くなる" ("Ichinichi hitotsu dake, tsuyoku naru"|"Getting Stronger Everyday") at the Keio University Marunouchi City Campus. In the lecture, Daigo discussed the ups and downs of carving out a niche as a professional gamer. He spoke to a sold-out audience.On March 1, 2017, Umehara announced that he had entered another sponsorship with Japanese game developer Cygames, alongside fellow pro fighting gamers Darryl "Snake Eyez" Lewis and Eduardo "PR Balrog" Perez. Together, the three athletes donned the moniker "Cygames Beast," sporting T-shirts with a matching new logo.
From March to May 2017, Umehara participated in the ELEAGUE Street Fighter Invitational, during which he played solely as Guile. Beginning in Group B alongside Snake Eyez and PR Balrog, Umehara pushed his way into the Playoffs, ultimately finishing 8th overall.
On May 27–28, Umehara participated in Red Bull Kumite in Paris, France. He placed 4th overall.On June 27, Umehara appeared in the Red Bull France-produced documentary, "The Art of Street Fighting" alongside fellow pro gamers Xiao Hai, Gamerbee, Tokido, and Luffy.On July 14–16, Umehara participated in EVO 2017. After a no-loss sweep in Round 1, he was bumped into the Losers bracket by Haitani during Round 2, and ultimately eliminated during the Semi-Finals by longtime rival Justin Wong.On July 14, Daigo launched the "Beast" apparel brand in conjunction with apparel makers Nsurgo. The brand is represented by Daigo as well as fellow Cygames-sponsored gamers Snake Eyez and PR Balrog.
2018
A memorable match took place early in the year when Daigo met his longtime rival, Tokido, in a first-to-ten bout at the Kemonomichi II exhibition. Tokido, who at this point was the defending EVO champion and one of the most dominant players on the scene, was determined to prove that he could outplay Daigo in a long-set format. Although Daigo had been less active by comparison and more focused on hosting events, he was also confident about his chances. On March 10, the pair clashed in their highly anticipated matchup. Daigo ended up winning the competitive set 10-5, leaving Tokido visibly upset at his loss.On July 22, he won the VSFighting Premier Event in Birmingham (United Kingdom).Later on during the year in November, Daigo attended the Red Bull Kumite invitational tournament once again, this time placing 3rd behind Problem X and champion Fujimura.In the Capcom Cup tournament for the year, Daigo finished in 25th place.
2019
Umehara started out his competitive year in 2019 with a disappointing finish in 33rd place at Final Round. Later that same month, he had more success at the NorCal Regionals, where he made the top 8.At the next major tournament Daigo attended, The Mixup, he managed to battle his way through to the Grand Finals where he faced off against Victor Woodley aka Punk, who was dominating the Capcom Pro Tour. In a hard-fought match that came down to the final round, Punk narrowly defeated his opponent. Nevertheless, Daigo's performance in the year was good enough to place him at 4th overall in the CPT rankings.Following this, Daigo continued his success with a 5th/6th place finish in the CPT Premier tournament at Community Efforts Orlando 2019, where he was eliminated by Fujimura.On October 27, Daigo placed 7th/8th in the CPT Premier tournament at First Attack 2019, where he was eliminated by Jonathan "JB" Bautista.Despite not winning any major tournaments, Daigo's consistent appearance at international CPT events throughout the year was enough to earn him a qualification spot at the 2019 Capcom Cup finals. There, Daigo was eliminated by Tokido with a score of 3-2 in the second round of the tournament, leaving him with a tied 17th-24th place finish to end the 2019 competitive Street Fighter V season.Daigo participated in another Red Bull Kumite in December, which was being held in Nagoya, Japan. With a tough tournament pool featuring Tokido, Problem X, Punk, and numerous other strong players, Daigo only managed a 13th place finish, tied with Bonchan, Gachikun, and Haku.
Books
Manga
"Umehara FIGHTING GAMERS!" is a dramatized manga depiction of Umehara's life as a young participant in the Street Fighter arcade scene, and features several noted players from the Japanese fighting game community. The series is considered a flagship title for its publisher, Kadokawa Shoten, who are actively marketing the series and have confirmed plans to serialize it in their seinen comic magazine Young Ace UP.
The series is illustrated by Kengoro Nishide and written by Saitaru Orika and Maki Tomoi, with Daigo acting as an editorial supervisor.
On July 14, 2017, the English translation of Daigo's manga series, titled Daigo the Beast: Umehara Fighting Gamers, debuted with the release of Volume 1 (which compiles the first and second volumes of the Japanese series). The volume, published and translated by Udon Entertainment, was released as an early exclusive for EVO attendees, and is planned for a wider release in December 2017.
Achievements
References
External links
Daigo Umehara's official homepage (in English and Japanese)
Daigo Umehara's Japanese fan site (in Japanese)
Daigo Umehara related articles on Japanese gaming magazines (in Japanese) | sports discipline competed in | {
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A Gentleman Preferred is a 1928 American silent comedy Western film directed by Arthur Hotaling and starring Gaston Glass, Jimmy Aubrey and Kathleen Myers.
Cast
Gaston Glass as James Fargo
Jimmy Aubrey as Bill Jenkins
Kathleen Myers as Maryann Carter
Jerome La Grasse as Lord Stanweight
Winifred Landis as Mrs. Clark Carter
Jack Hopkins as Kent Carlington
Wilson Benge as Dobbs
Louise Cabo as Martha
References
External links
A Gentleman Preferred at IMDb | instance of | {
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A Gentleman Preferred is a 1928 American silent comedy Western film directed by Arthur Hotaling and starring Gaston Glass, Jimmy Aubrey and Kathleen Myers.
Cast
Gaston Glass as James Fargo
Jimmy Aubrey as Bill Jenkins
Kathleen Myers as Maryann Carter
Jerome La Grasse as Lord Stanweight
Winifred Landis as Mrs. Clark Carter
Jack Hopkins as Kent Carlington
Wilson Benge as Dobbs
Louise Cabo as Martha
References
External links
A Gentleman Preferred at IMDb | director | {
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A Gentleman Preferred is a 1928 American silent comedy Western film directed by Arthur Hotaling and starring Gaston Glass, Jimmy Aubrey and Kathleen Myers.
Cast
Gaston Glass as James Fargo
Jimmy Aubrey as Bill Jenkins
Kathleen Myers as Maryann Carter
Jerome La Grasse as Lord Stanweight
Winifred Landis as Mrs. Clark Carter
Jack Hopkins as Kent Carlington
Wilson Benge as Dobbs
Louise Cabo as Martha
References
External links
A Gentleman Preferred at IMDb | title | {
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The 15th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Helsinki, Finland on 11-12 May 1985.
Medalists
All-around
Vault Final
Uneven bars
Balance beam
Floor exercise
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The 15th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Helsinki, Finland on 11-12 May 1985.
Medalists
All-around
Vault Final
Uneven bars
Balance beam
Floor exercise
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Terence John Humes (October 1944 – 7 September 2017), known professionally as Terence Harvey, was a British television actor. Among his many roles was the prosecution counsel in The Execution of Gary Glitter. He also appeared in From Hell, Johnny English, Hollyoaks, The White Countess, Mr. Selfridge, Hustle, Downton Abbey, and The Damned United.
Filmography
References
External links
Terence Harvey at IMDb
Terence Harvey at the British Film Institute
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Terence John Humes (October 1944 – 7 September 2017), known professionally as Terence Harvey, was a British television actor. Among his many roles was the prosecution counsel in The Execution of Gary Glitter. He also appeared in From Hell, Johnny English, Hollyoaks, The White Countess, Mr. Selfridge, Hustle, Downton Abbey, and The Damned United.
Filmography
References
External links
Terence Harvey at IMDb
Terence Harvey at the British Film Institute
Terence Harvey (Aveleyman) | family name | {
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Terence John Humes (October 1944 – 7 September 2017), known professionally as Terence Harvey, was a British television actor. Among his many roles was the prosecution counsel in The Execution of Gary Glitter. He also appeared in From Hell, Johnny English, Hollyoaks, The White Countess, Mr. Selfridge, Hustle, Downton Abbey, and The Damned United.
Filmography
References
External links
Terence Harvey at IMDb
Terence Harvey at the British Film Institute
Terence Harvey (Aveleyman) | given name | {
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Terence John Humes (October 1944 – 7 September 2017), known professionally as Terence Harvey, was a British television actor. Among his many roles was the prosecution counsel in The Execution of Gary Glitter. He also appeared in From Hell, Johnny English, Hollyoaks, The White Countess, Mr. Selfridge, Hustle, Downton Abbey, and The Damned United.
Filmography
References
External links
Terence Harvey at IMDb
Terence Harvey at the British Film Institute
Terence Harvey (Aveleyman) | languages spoken, written or signed | {
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Marion County Airport (FAA LID: X35) is a county-owned public airport located in the unincorporated area of Dunnellon, in Marion County, Florida, United States. In 2014, the general aviation airport averaged 105 flights per day. The complex features two lighted runways with no control tower. During World War II, the airport was used by the United States Army Air Forces for training and was then known as the Dunnellon Army Air Field.
Overview
The Marion County Airport is also known as the Dunnellon Army Airfield. It is owned by the Dunnellon Airport Authority and has recently been moved under the Park and Recreation department under the Marion County BCC at the direction of Mounir Bouyones, the County Administrator. Jim Couillard is the Airport Director and Mike Grawe is the Airport Manager.The airport is located in unincorporated Marion County, Florida. From Interstate 75, it is situated 13 miles (21 km) west of the highway.The airport and commerce complex encompasses 792 acres (3.21 km2) of land. With new security fencing, electrical gates, a snack bar and additional T-hangars, the airport was not projected to require major expansion through 2020. The facility is located 38 miles (61 km) south of Gainesville Regional Airport. Services available include 24-hour aviation fuel, minor airframe and minor power plant servicing.
Facilities and aircraft
Marion County Airport covers an area of 792 acres (321 ha) at an elevation of 65 feet (20 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 5/23 is 5,000 by 100 feet (1,524 by 30 m) and 10/28 is 4,702 by 60 feet (1,433 by 18 m).For the 12-month period ending September 25, 2014, the airport had 38,603 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 105 per day. At that time there were 107 aircraft based at this airport: 96 single-engine, 4 multi-engine, 1 jet, 1 helicopter and 5 ultralight.The Marion County Airport hosts several businesses including Central Florida Skydiving, Red Sky Aviation, National Parachute Test Center, DAB Construction, Pratt Aviation, Fowler Aviation, ITEC and the X35 Aero Club.
History
Originally set on 500 acres (2.0 km2) that was purchased in 1942 by Marion County, the facility was opened in August 1942 by the United States Army Air Forces. Known as Dunnellon Army Air Field, it was used as a training airfield with three runways. Control was deeded to Marion County following the end of the war.
On July 1, 1981, Marion County created the Dunnellon Airport Authority to manage the operation, maintenance and improvement of the airport.In the 1990s, one runway (designated as 14/32) was closed, reducing the airport to its current two: 5/23 and 10/28 (formerly 9/27).
References
External links
Marion County Airport at Marion County website
Aerial image as of 5 January 1999 from USGS The National Map
FAA Terminal Procedures for X35, effective May 18, 2023
Resources for this airport:
FAA airport information for X35
AirNav airport information for X35
FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
SkyVector aeronautical chart for X35 | instance of | {
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Marion County Airport (FAA LID: X35) is a county-owned public airport located in the unincorporated area of Dunnellon, in Marion County, Florida, United States. In 2014, the general aviation airport averaged 105 flights per day. The complex features two lighted runways with no control tower. During World War II, the airport was used by the United States Army Air Forces for training and was then known as the Dunnellon Army Air Field.
Overview
The Marion County Airport is also known as the Dunnellon Army Airfield. It is owned by the Dunnellon Airport Authority and has recently been moved under the Park and Recreation department under the Marion County BCC at the direction of Mounir Bouyones, the County Administrator. Jim Couillard is the Airport Director and Mike Grawe is the Airport Manager.The airport is located in unincorporated Marion County, Florida. From Interstate 75, it is situated 13 miles (21 km) west of the highway.The airport and commerce complex encompasses 792 acres (3.21 km2) of land. With new security fencing, electrical gates, a snack bar and additional T-hangars, the airport was not projected to require major expansion through 2020. The facility is located 38 miles (61 km) south of Gainesville Regional Airport. Services available include 24-hour aviation fuel, minor airframe and minor power plant servicing.
Facilities and aircraft
Marion County Airport covers an area of 792 acres (321 ha) at an elevation of 65 feet (20 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 5/23 is 5,000 by 100 feet (1,524 by 30 m) and 10/28 is 4,702 by 60 feet (1,433 by 18 m).For the 12-month period ending September 25, 2014, the airport had 38,603 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 105 per day. At that time there were 107 aircraft based at this airport: 96 single-engine, 4 multi-engine, 1 jet, 1 helicopter and 5 ultralight.The Marion County Airport hosts several businesses including Central Florida Skydiving, Red Sky Aviation, National Parachute Test Center, DAB Construction, Pratt Aviation, Fowler Aviation, ITEC and the X35 Aero Club.
History
Originally set on 500 acres (2.0 km2) that was purchased in 1942 by Marion County, the facility was opened in August 1942 by the United States Army Air Forces. Known as Dunnellon Army Air Field, it was used as a training airfield with three runways. Control was deeded to Marion County following the end of the war.
On July 1, 1981, Marion County created the Dunnellon Airport Authority to manage the operation, maintenance and improvement of the airport.In the 1990s, one runway (designated as 14/32) was closed, reducing the airport to its current two: 5/23 and 10/28 (formerly 9/27).
References
External links
Marion County Airport at Marion County website
Aerial image as of 5 January 1999 from USGS The National Map
FAA Terminal Procedures for X35, effective May 18, 2023
Resources for this airport:
FAA airport information for X35
AirNav airport information for X35
FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
SkyVector aeronautical chart for X35 | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
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Marion County Airport (FAA LID: X35) is a county-owned public airport located in the unincorporated area of Dunnellon, in Marion County, Florida, United States. In 2014, the general aviation airport averaged 105 flights per day. The complex features two lighted runways with no control tower. During World War II, the airport was used by the United States Army Air Forces for training and was then known as the Dunnellon Army Air Field.
Overview
The Marion County Airport is also known as the Dunnellon Army Airfield. It is owned by the Dunnellon Airport Authority and has recently been moved under the Park and Recreation department under the Marion County BCC at the direction of Mounir Bouyones, the County Administrator. Jim Couillard is the Airport Director and Mike Grawe is the Airport Manager.The airport is located in unincorporated Marion County, Florida. From Interstate 75, it is situated 13 miles (21 km) west of the highway.The airport and commerce complex encompasses 792 acres (3.21 km2) of land. With new security fencing, electrical gates, a snack bar and additional T-hangars, the airport was not projected to require major expansion through 2020. The facility is located 38 miles (61 km) south of Gainesville Regional Airport. Services available include 24-hour aviation fuel, minor airframe and minor power plant servicing.
Facilities and aircraft
Marion County Airport covers an area of 792 acres (321 ha) at an elevation of 65 feet (20 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 5/23 is 5,000 by 100 feet (1,524 by 30 m) and 10/28 is 4,702 by 60 feet (1,433 by 18 m).For the 12-month period ending September 25, 2014, the airport had 38,603 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 105 per day. At that time there were 107 aircraft based at this airport: 96 single-engine, 4 multi-engine, 1 jet, 1 helicopter and 5 ultralight.The Marion County Airport hosts several businesses including Central Florida Skydiving, Red Sky Aviation, National Parachute Test Center, DAB Construction, Pratt Aviation, Fowler Aviation, ITEC and the X35 Aero Club.
History
Originally set on 500 acres (2.0 km2) that was purchased in 1942 by Marion County, the facility was opened in August 1942 by the United States Army Air Forces. Known as Dunnellon Army Air Field, it was used as a training airfield with three runways. Control was deeded to Marion County following the end of the war.
On July 1, 1981, Marion County created the Dunnellon Airport Authority to manage the operation, maintenance and improvement of the airport.In the 1990s, one runway (designated as 14/32) was closed, reducing the airport to its current two: 5/23 and 10/28 (formerly 9/27).
References
External links
Marion County Airport at Marion County website
Aerial image as of 5 January 1999 from USGS The National Map
FAA Terminal Procedures for X35, effective May 18, 2023
Resources for this airport:
FAA airport information for X35
AirNav airport information for X35
FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
SkyVector aeronautical chart for X35 | named after | {
"answer_start": [
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Marion County Airport (FAA LID: X35) is a county-owned public airport located in the unincorporated area of Dunnellon, in Marion County, Florida, United States. In 2014, the general aviation airport averaged 105 flights per day. The complex features two lighted runways with no control tower. During World War II, the airport was used by the United States Army Air Forces for training and was then known as the Dunnellon Army Air Field.
Overview
The Marion County Airport is also known as the Dunnellon Army Airfield. It is owned by the Dunnellon Airport Authority and has recently been moved under the Park and Recreation department under the Marion County BCC at the direction of Mounir Bouyones, the County Administrator. Jim Couillard is the Airport Director and Mike Grawe is the Airport Manager.The airport is located in unincorporated Marion County, Florida. From Interstate 75, it is situated 13 miles (21 km) west of the highway.The airport and commerce complex encompasses 792 acres (3.21 km2) of land. With new security fencing, electrical gates, a snack bar and additional T-hangars, the airport was not projected to require major expansion through 2020. The facility is located 38 miles (61 km) south of Gainesville Regional Airport. Services available include 24-hour aviation fuel, minor airframe and minor power plant servicing.
Facilities and aircraft
Marion County Airport covers an area of 792 acres (321 ha) at an elevation of 65 feet (20 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 5/23 is 5,000 by 100 feet (1,524 by 30 m) and 10/28 is 4,702 by 60 feet (1,433 by 18 m).For the 12-month period ending September 25, 2014, the airport had 38,603 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 105 per day. At that time there were 107 aircraft based at this airport: 96 single-engine, 4 multi-engine, 1 jet, 1 helicopter and 5 ultralight.The Marion County Airport hosts several businesses including Central Florida Skydiving, Red Sky Aviation, National Parachute Test Center, DAB Construction, Pratt Aviation, Fowler Aviation, ITEC and the X35 Aero Club.
History
Originally set on 500 acres (2.0 km2) that was purchased in 1942 by Marion County, the facility was opened in August 1942 by the United States Army Air Forces. Known as Dunnellon Army Air Field, it was used as a training airfield with three runways. Control was deeded to Marion County following the end of the war.
On July 1, 1981, Marion County created the Dunnellon Airport Authority to manage the operation, maintenance and improvement of the airport.In the 1990s, one runway (designated as 14/32) was closed, reducing the airport to its current two: 5/23 and 10/28 (formerly 9/27).
References
External links
Marion County Airport at Marion County website
Aerial image as of 5 January 1999 from USGS The National Map
FAA Terminal Procedures for X35, effective May 18, 2023
Resources for this airport:
FAA airport information for X35
AirNav airport information for X35
FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
SkyVector aeronautical chart for X35 | FAA airport code | {
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Marion County Airport (FAA LID: X35) is a county-owned public airport located in the unincorporated area of Dunnellon, in Marion County, Florida, United States. In 2014, the general aviation airport averaged 105 flights per day. The complex features two lighted runways with no control tower. During World War II, the airport was used by the United States Army Air Forces for training and was then known as the Dunnellon Army Air Field.
Overview
The Marion County Airport is also known as the Dunnellon Army Airfield. It is owned by the Dunnellon Airport Authority and has recently been moved under the Park and Recreation department under the Marion County BCC at the direction of Mounir Bouyones, the County Administrator. Jim Couillard is the Airport Director and Mike Grawe is the Airport Manager.The airport is located in unincorporated Marion County, Florida. From Interstate 75, it is situated 13 miles (21 km) west of the highway.The airport and commerce complex encompasses 792 acres (3.21 km2) of land. With new security fencing, electrical gates, a snack bar and additional T-hangars, the airport was not projected to require major expansion through 2020. The facility is located 38 miles (61 km) south of Gainesville Regional Airport. Services available include 24-hour aviation fuel, minor airframe and minor power plant servicing.
Facilities and aircraft
Marion County Airport covers an area of 792 acres (321 ha) at an elevation of 65 feet (20 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 5/23 is 5,000 by 100 feet (1,524 by 30 m) and 10/28 is 4,702 by 60 feet (1,433 by 18 m).For the 12-month period ending September 25, 2014, the airport had 38,603 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 105 per day. At that time there were 107 aircraft based at this airport: 96 single-engine, 4 multi-engine, 1 jet, 1 helicopter and 5 ultralight.The Marion County Airport hosts several businesses including Central Florida Skydiving, Red Sky Aviation, National Parachute Test Center, DAB Construction, Pratt Aviation, Fowler Aviation, ITEC and the X35 Aero Club.
History
Originally set on 500 acres (2.0 km2) that was purchased in 1942 by Marion County, the facility was opened in August 1942 by the United States Army Air Forces. Known as Dunnellon Army Air Field, it was used as a training airfield with three runways. Control was deeded to Marion County following the end of the war.
On July 1, 1981, Marion County created the Dunnellon Airport Authority to manage the operation, maintenance and improvement of the airport.In the 1990s, one runway (designated as 14/32) was closed, reducing the airport to its current two: 5/23 and 10/28 (formerly 9/27).
References
External links
Marion County Airport at Marion County website
Aerial image as of 5 January 1999 from USGS The National Map
FAA Terminal Procedures for X35, effective May 18, 2023
Resources for this airport:
FAA airport information for X35
AirNav airport information for X35
FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
SkyVector aeronautical chart for X35 | runway | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
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Marion County Airport (FAA LID: X35) is a county-owned public airport located in the unincorporated area of Dunnellon, in Marion County, Florida, United States. In 2014, the general aviation airport averaged 105 flights per day. The complex features two lighted runways with no control tower. During World War II, the airport was used by the United States Army Air Forces for training and was then known as the Dunnellon Army Air Field.
Overview
The Marion County Airport is also known as the Dunnellon Army Airfield. It is owned by the Dunnellon Airport Authority and has recently been moved under the Park and Recreation department under the Marion County BCC at the direction of Mounir Bouyones, the County Administrator. Jim Couillard is the Airport Director and Mike Grawe is the Airport Manager.The airport is located in unincorporated Marion County, Florida. From Interstate 75, it is situated 13 miles (21 km) west of the highway.The airport and commerce complex encompasses 792 acres (3.21 km2) of land. With new security fencing, electrical gates, a snack bar and additional T-hangars, the airport was not projected to require major expansion through 2020. The facility is located 38 miles (61 km) south of Gainesville Regional Airport. Services available include 24-hour aviation fuel, minor airframe and minor power plant servicing.
Facilities and aircraft
Marion County Airport covers an area of 792 acres (321 ha) at an elevation of 65 feet (20 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 5/23 is 5,000 by 100 feet (1,524 by 30 m) and 10/28 is 4,702 by 60 feet (1,433 by 18 m).For the 12-month period ending September 25, 2014, the airport had 38,603 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 105 per day. At that time there were 107 aircraft based at this airport: 96 single-engine, 4 multi-engine, 1 jet, 1 helicopter and 5 ultralight.The Marion County Airport hosts several businesses including Central Florida Skydiving, Red Sky Aviation, National Parachute Test Center, DAB Construction, Pratt Aviation, Fowler Aviation, ITEC and the X35 Aero Club.
History
Originally set on 500 acres (2.0 km2) that was purchased in 1942 by Marion County, the facility was opened in August 1942 by the United States Army Air Forces. Known as Dunnellon Army Air Field, it was used as a training airfield with three runways. Control was deeded to Marion County following the end of the war.
On July 1, 1981, Marion County created the Dunnellon Airport Authority to manage the operation, maintenance and improvement of the airport.In the 1990s, one runway (designated as 14/32) was closed, reducing the airport to its current two: 5/23 and 10/28 (formerly 9/27).
References
External links
Marion County Airport at Marion County website
Aerial image as of 5 January 1999 from USGS The National Map
FAA Terminal Procedures for X35, effective May 18, 2023
Resources for this airport:
FAA airport information for X35
AirNav airport information for X35
FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
SkyVector aeronautical chart for X35 | place served by transport hub | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
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Marion County Airport (FAA LID: X35) is a county-owned public airport located in the unincorporated area of Dunnellon, in Marion County, Florida, United States. In 2014, the general aviation airport averaged 105 flights per day. The complex features two lighted runways with no control tower. During World War II, the airport was used by the United States Army Air Forces for training and was then known as the Dunnellon Army Air Field.
Overview
The Marion County Airport is also known as the Dunnellon Army Airfield. It is owned by the Dunnellon Airport Authority and has recently been moved under the Park and Recreation department under the Marion County BCC at the direction of Mounir Bouyones, the County Administrator. Jim Couillard is the Airport Director and Mike Grawe is the Airport Manager.The airport is located in unincorporated Marion County, Florida. From Interstate 75, it is situated 13 miles (21 km) west of the highway.The airport and commerce complex encompasses 792 acres (3.21 km2) of land. With new security fencing, electrical gates, a snack bar and additional T-hangars, the airport was not projected to require major expansion through 2020. The facility is located 38 miles (61 km) south of Gainesville Regional Airport. Services available include 24-hour aviation fuel, minor airframe and minor power plant servicing.
Facilities and aircraft
Marion County Airport covers an area of 792 acres (321 ha) at an elevation of 65 feet (20 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 5/23 is 5,000 by 100 feet (1,524 by 30 m) and 10/28 is 4,702 by 60 feet (1,433 by 18 m).For the 12-month period ending September 25, 2014, the airport had 38,603 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 105 per day. At that time there were 107 aircraft based at this airport: 96 single-engine, 4 multi-engine, 1 jet, 1 helicopter and 5 ultralight.The Marion County Airport hosts several businesses including Central Florida Skydiving, Red Sky Aviation, National Parachute Test Center, DAB Construction, Pratt Aviation, Fowler Aviation, ITEC and the X35 Aero Club.
History
Originally set on 500 acres (2.0 km2) that was purchased in 1942 by Marion County, the facility was opened in August 1942 by the United States Army Air Forces. Known as Dunnellon Army Air Field, it was used as a training airfield with three runways. Control was deeded to Marion County following the end of the war.
On July 1, 1981, Marion County created the Dunnellon Airport Authority to manage the operation, maintenance and improvement of the airport.In the 1990s, one runway (designated as 14/32) was closed, reducing the airport to its current two: 5/23 and 10/28 (formerly 9/27).
References
External links
Marion County Airport at Marion County website
Aerial image as of 5 January 1999 from USGS The National Map
FAA Terminal Procedures for X35, effective May 18, 2023
Resources for this airport:
FAA airport information for X35
AirNav airport information for X35
FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
SkyVector aeronautical chart for X35 | elevation above sea level | {
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In Greece, the Hellenic Court of Audit (or Synedrio) is The Supreme Audit Institution of the Hellenic Republic, auditing the use of public funds in Greece according to the principles of legality, regularity and sound financial management.
Synedrio is also the Supreme Financial Court, one of the three Supreme Courts of Justice, grounded on the Constitution, provides for its jurisdictional, advisory and auditing competences.
History
The Hellenic Court of Audit – the Elegktiko Synedrio (Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο in Greek) – is one of the oldest institutions the Greek State has today. It was founded with the Decree of 27 September 1833, and it is modeled on the French Cour des comptes. Before the Hellenic Court of Audit, there was the earlier "Accounting and Auditing Council". This was a special body for the audit of public expenditures founded by the Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias, and which came into being with the Resolution of the Fourth National Assembly of 23 September 1829. It was accountable directly to the Governor. This institutional forerunner of the Hellenic Court of Audit (HCA) was entrusted with the revision of the Public Economy Accounts, as well as with the audit of the legality and regularity of the State expenditure. Ioannis Kapodistrias entrusted the organization of the "Council" to A. Regny, an envoy sent by the French Government. He came to Greece for this purpose in 1831.
The inaugural meeting of the HCA took place in Nafplio on 14 October 1833.A milestone in the development of the HCA was the Constitution of 1844 which stipulated in its Article 87 that the judges of the Court of Audit serve for life.
Law MΓ'/13.3.1864 followed, with which the regulation of pensions of the State was assigned to the HCA. It held this competence until 31.12.1968, when with Law 599/1968 it was removed and assigned to the then newly established Pension Service of the General Accounts of the State, and the HCA kept only its judicial duties in the field of Pensions,
Law AYOZ of 1887 assigned the a priori audit of the State expenditure to the HCA.
Then followed Law 400/1914. It regulates various issues concerning the persons and duties of the HCA staff, as well as the composition of its Departments. With this law, more responsibilities were given to the HCA. In 1919, with Law 1634, the municipal accounts audited until that time by the Prefectures came under the audit of the HCA.
The Constitution issued in 1925 further improved, with its article 103, the powers of the HCA.
An improvement of the HCA also takes place following the provisions of Article 98 of the 1952 Constitution, according to which its decisions can no longer be subject to the appellate control of the Council of State. The HCA thus acquires its own appeal procedure with Decree 2712/1953 for its Plenary Session, and it adjudicates exclusive jurisdiction cases concerning the imputation of accountants and the award of pensions.
Later on, the work of the HCA has been supplemented by a number of decrees, including Decree 321/1969 on Governmental Accounting, clearly establishing the principle that budget expenditure should be reported in detail and money was to be used only for intended purposes, and then including Decree 1265/1972 which classifies the judicial audit of public money into a priori and a posteriori audit.
The 1968 and the 1973 Constitutions redefine the responsibilities of the HCA. This had already occurred in the 1952 Constitution, but now it becomes more detailed.
The role of the HCA was outlined in the 1975 Constitution. Under article 98, the HCA is primarily responsible for auditing expenditure and monitoring the revenue of the State, as well as that of Local Government Agencies or of other Legal Entities. The HCA is also required to submit to Parliament both an Annual Report on the State's Annual Financial Statements and a Balance Sheet. Under the same article, the HCA adjudicates on cases concerning the audit of the accounts, pension grants and the civil liability of public servants. Furthermore, the HCA provides an expert opinion on laws regulating pensions, as well as on any other issue defined by law.
According to Law 2741/1999, the HCA carries out a legality audit of public works, procurements and services contracts made by the State, Public Entities or Public Enterprises, whenever the budget exceeds a certain amount. This competence has been upgraded to a constitutional level, according to the April 2001 constitutional reform.
Throughout the last years, the Hellenic Court of Auditors also participates in shaping a common design and planning cooperation with the European Court of Auditors and the audit institutions of the other Member States.
Remits
The Court's jurisdictional, auditing and advisory competences are grounded on the Constitution of Greece.
Synedrio carries out audits of the expenditure and accounts of the State, local agencies and legal entities as provided for by law. It may also audit private entities if they are in receipt of public money.
Synedrio is required to submit to the Parliament the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements (the Statement of Assurance) as well as an Annual Activity Report.
Organisation
The Head of the Court of Audit is the President.
The Plenum of the Court is the governing body and is composed of the President, eight actively-serving vice-presidents and 33 Judge Counsellors. It conducts its proceedings in a Μajor and three Μinor formations.
Seven jurisdictional chambers
The First Chamber hears legal cases regarding imputation disputes related to the State, legal entities of private law that belong to the State, as well as the disputes from grants and any kind of financing of the State to private legal entities or individuals.
The Second Chamber hears legal cases regarding imputation disputes related to local governments, other legal entities under public law, private legal entities that belong to them, as well as disputes from grants and any kind of financing of the above to private legal entities or individuals.
The Third and the Fourth Chamber hear legal remedies related to pensions of civil servants and public officers.
The Fifth and the Sixth Chamber hear legal remedies related to pensions of military officers and personnel.
The Seventh Chamber, which holds the presumption of jurisdiction, hears, in particular, resources against acts of the Court's Sections regarding pre-contractual audit, as well as legal remedies on imputation differences arising from financial corrections regarding EU funds & recoveries at the expense of public accounting officers.
The Audit Chamber: Chaired by the President himself, it is responsible for determining the Court's audit strategy, planning and monitoring of the annual and multiannual audit program, issuing all types of audit reports, planning and monitoring targeted audits, as well as elaborating the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements (the Statement of Assurance) as well as the Annual Report.
Six jurisdictional sections
Three are responsible for pre-contractual audits, two deal with cases related to auditing and imputation, whilst the last one mainly deals with the Court's international relations.
The Advocate General Office
Inextricably embedded in the Court's organisational structure is the layer of the Advocate General, comprising the Advocate General, the Deputy Advocate General, and three Sub-Deputy Advocate Generals. These are all judges of the Court.
Organisational Structure – Audit Directorate
Three General Coordinators’ Services:
(a) General Coordinator's Service “Administration”, which is responsible for the secretarial support of the Court's formations and for the preparation and processing of the Court's personnel administrative affairs as well as for welfare and safety issues.
(b) General Coordinator's Service “Audit I”, which is responsible for Audit Planning and Support, Quality Control for the Court's regional units as well as for Documentation and Methodology.
(c) General Coordinator's Service “Audit II”, which is responsible for Audit Planning and Support and Quality Control with respect to the Court's units in Athens and Thessaloniki as well as Information Technology Audit and the Audit of the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements.
55 Central Units
56 Regional Units.
The people of the Hellenic Court of Audit
The President
9 actively-serving Vice-presidents
33 Judge-Counsellors
46 Appeal Judges
40 Junior Judges
The Advocate General
The Deputy Advocate General
3 Sub-Deputy Advocate Generals
3 General Directors
90 Directors
106 Chiefs of Division
359 Auditors
173 Secretaries
25 Bailiffs
Products
SΥNEDRIO as the Hellenic Supreme Financial Court and Audit Institution produces:
As the Supreme Audit Institution
Audit reports
Annual report on the Court's audit activities, including the results of its activities, observations stemming from its work, suggestions on reforms and improvements (including relevant laws).
Statement of Assurance on the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements (the Statement of Assurance).
Synedrio conducts financial, compliance, internal control and performance audits and publishes the relevant audit reports according to its Annual Work Programme; It also produces reports as part of its cooperation with peer SAIs.It reports on issues of general interest such as those arising from systemic weaknesses of public administration.
Administrative acts
Arising from ex post audits of the accounts of the accounting officers of the state and of the local government agencies or other legal entities, resulting in a decision of the competent Synedrio's Commissioner by which the accounts are either accepted as sound or rejected as illegal. In this latter case an administrative/or judicial act (depending on the financial importance of the deficit) will follow in order to recover the deficit.
Overviews
Monitoring of policy issues in various fields e.g. PFM
As the Supreme Financial Court
Judgements
in Cases arising from:
– pensions;
– audit of accounts;
– civil liability of public employees for losses caused by them to the State, local agencies or public legal entities, intentionally or through gross negligence, in the course of their duties; and
– liability of officials for unjustified increases in their wealth deemed to be the product of corruption (and unjustified according to the audit of their annual declarations of financial interests).
Judicial acts/judgements
in Cases arising from audits prior to the conclusion of contracts with a high financial value, awarded by the state or any other equivalent legal entity, as specified by law (pre-contractual audit).
Opinions on Legislation
The Court provides opinions on drafts of laws regarding pensions or on the recognition of service for pension entitlements, on any issue falling within its constitutional competence either at the request of Ministers or as deemed by law (e.g. opinions on PFM issues).
See also
Judicial system of Greece
References
This article incorporates text by European Court of Auditors available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
External links
Hellenic Court of Audit - SYNEDRIO Official website | country | {
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In Greece, the Hellenic Court of Audit (or Synedrio) is The Supreme Audit Institution of the Hellenic Republic, auditing the use of public funds in Greece according to the principles of legality, regularity and sound financial management.
Synedrio is also the Supreme Financial Court, one of the three Supreme Courts of Justice, grounded on the Constitution, provides for its jurisdictional, advisory and auditing competences.
History
The Hellenic Court of Audit – the Elegktiko Synedrio (Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο in Greek) – is one of the oldest institutions the Greek State has today. It was founded with the Decree of 27 September 1833, and it is modeled on the French Cour des comptes. Before the Hellenic Court of Audit, there was the earlier "Accounting and Auditing Council". This was a special body for the audit of public expenditures founded by the Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias, and which came into being with the Resolution of the Fourth National Assembly of 23 September 1829. It was accountable directly to the Governor. This institutional forerunner of the Hellenic Court of Audit (HCA) was entrusted with the revision of the Public Economy Accounts, as well as with the audit of the legality and regularity of the State expenditure. Ioannis Kapodistrias entrusted the organization of the "Council" to A. Regny, an envoy sent by the French Government. He came to Greece for this purpose in 1831.
The inaugural meeting of the HCA took place in Nafplio on 14 October 1833.A milestone in the development of the HCA was the Constitution of 1844 which stipulated in its Article 87 that the judges of the Court of Audit serve for life.
Law MΓ'/13.3.1864 followed, with which the regulation of pensions of the State was assigned to the HCA. It held this competence until 31.12.1968, when with Law 599/1968 it was removed and assigned to the then newly established Pension Service of the General Accounts of the State, and the HCA kept only its judicial duties in the field of Pensions,
Law AYOZ of 1887 assigned the a priori audit of the State expenditure to the HCA.
Then followed Law 400/1914. It regulates various issues concerning the persons and duties of the HCA staff, as well as the composition of its Departments. With this law, more responsibilities were given to the HCA. In 1919, with Law 1634, the municipal accounts audited until that time by the Prefectures came under the audit of the HCA.
The Constitution issued in 1925 further improved, with its article 103, the powers of the HCA.
An improvement of the HCA also takes place following the provisions of Article 98 of the 1952 Constitution, according to which its decisions can no longer be subject to the appellate control of the Council of State. The HCA thus acquires its own appeal procedure with Decree 2712/1953 for its Plenary Session, and it adjudicates exclusive jurisdiction cases concerning the imputation of accountants and the award of pensions.
Later on, the work of the HCA has been supplemented by a number of decrees, including Decree 321/1969 on Governmental Accounting, clearly establishing the principle that budget expenditure should be reported in detail and money was to be used only for intended purposes, and then including Decree 1265/1972 which classifies the judicial audit of public money into a priori and a posteriori audit.
The 1968 and the 1973 Constitutions redefine the responsibilities of the HCA. This had already occurred in the 1952 Constitution, but now it becomes more detailed.
The role of the HCA was outlined in the 1975 Constitution. Under article 98, the HCA is primarily responsible for auditing expenditure and monitoring the revenue of the State, as well as that of Local Government Agencies or of other Legal Entities. The HCA is also required to submit to Parliament both an Annual Report on the State's Annual Financial Statements and a Balance Sheet. Under the same article, the HCA adjudicates on cases concerning the audit of the accounts, pension grants and the civil liability of public servants. Furthermore, the HCA provides an expert opinion on laws regulating pensions, as well as on any other issue defined by law.
According to Law 2741/1999, the HCA carries out a legality audit of public works, procurements and services contracts made by the State, Public Entities or Public Enterprises, whenever the budget exceeds a certain amount. This competence has been upgraded to a constitutional level, according to the April 2001 constitutional reform.
Throughout the last years, the Hellenic Court of Auditors also participates in shaping a common design and planning cooperation with the European Court of Auditors and the audit institutions of the other Member States.
Remits
The Court's jurisdictional, auditing and advisory competences are grounded on the Constitution of Greece.
Synedrio carries out audits of the expenditure and accounts of the State, local agencies and legal entities as provided for by law. It may also audit private entities if they are in receipt of public money.
Synedrio is required to submit to the Parliament the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements (the Statement of Assurance) as well as an Annual Activity Report.
Organisation
The Head of the Court of Audit is the President.
The Plenum of the Court is the governing body and is composed of the President, eight actively-serving vice-presidents and 33 Judge Counsellors. It conducts its proceedings in a Μajor and three Μinor formations.
Seven jurisdictional chambers
The First Chamber hears legal cases regarding imputation disputes related to the State, legal entities of private law that belong to the State, as well as the disputes from grants and any kind of financing of the State to private legal entities or individuals.
The Second Chamber hears legal cases regarding imputation disputes related to local governments, other legal entities under public law, private legal entities that belong to them, as well as disputes from grants and any kind of financing of the above to private legal entities or individuals.
The Third and the Fourth Chamber hear legal remedies related to pensions of civil servants and public officers.
The Fifth and the Sixth Chamber hear legal remedies related to pensions of military officers and personnel.
The Seventh Chamber, which holds the presumption of jurisdiction, hears, in particular, resources against acts of the Court's Sections regarding pre-contractual audit, as well as legal remedies on imputation differences arising from financial corrections regarding EU funds & recoveries at the expense of public accounting officers.
The Audit Chamber: Chaired by the President himself, it is responsible for determining the Court's audit strategy, planning and monitoring of the annual and multiannual audit program, issuing all types of audit reports, planning and monitoring targeted audits, as well as elaborating the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements (the Statement of Assurance) as well as the Annual Report.
Six jurisdictional sections
Three are responsible for pre-contractual audits, two deal with cases related to auditing and imputation, whilst the last one mainly deals with the Court's international relations.
The Advocate General Office
Inextricably embedded in the Court's organisational structure is the layer of the Advocate General, comprising the Advocate General, the Deputy Advocate General, and three Sub-Deputy Advocate Generals. These are all judges of the Court.
Organisational Structure – Audit Directorate
Three General Coordinators’ Services:
(a) General Coordinator's Service “Administration”, which is responsible for the secretarial support of the Court's formations and for the preparation and processing of the Court's personnel administrative affairs as well as for welfare and safety issues.
(b) General Coordinator's Service “Audit I”, which is responsible for Audit Planning and Support, Quality Control for the Court's regional units as well as for Documentation and Methodology.
(c) General Coordinator's Service “Audit II”, which is responsible for Audit Planning and Support and Quality Control with respect to the Court's units in Athens and Thessaloniki as well as Information Technology Audit and the Audit of the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements.
55 Central Units
56 Regional Units.
The people of the Hellenic Court of Audit
The President
9 actively-serving Vice-presidents
33 Judge-Counsellors
46 Appeal Judges
40 Junior Judges
The Advocate General
The Deputy Advocate General
3 Sub-Deputy Advocate Generals
3 General Directors
90 Directors
106 Chiefs of Division
359 Auditors
173 Secretaries
25 Bailiffs
Products
SΥNEDRIO as the Hellenic Supreme Financial Court and Audit Institution produces:
As the Supreme Audit Institution
Audit reports
Annual report on the Court's audit activities, including the results of its activities, observations stemming from its work, suggestions on reforms and improvements (including relevant laws).
Statement of Assurance on the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements (the Statement of Assurance).
Synedrio conducts financial, compliance, internal control and performance audits and publishes the relevant audit reports according to its Annual Work Programme; It also produces reports as part of its cooperation with peer SAIs.It reports on issues of general interest such as those arising from systemic weaknesses of public administration.
Administrative acts
Arising from ex post audits of the accounts of the accounting officers of the state and of the local government agencies or other legal entities, resulting in a decision of the competent Synedrio's Commissioner by which the accounts are either accepted as sound or rejected as illegal. In this latter case an administrative/or judicial act (depending on the financial importance of the deficit) will follow in order to recover the deficit.
Overviews
Monitoring of policy issues in various fields e.g. PFM
As the Supreme Financial Court
Judgements
in Cases arising from:
– pensions;
– audit of accounts;
– civil liability of public employees for losses caused by them to the State, local agencies or public legal entities, intentionally or through gross negligence, in the course of their duties; and
– liability of officials for unjustified increases in their wealth deemed to be the product of corruption (and unjustified according to the audit of their annual declarations of financial interests).
Judicial acts/judgements
in Cases arising from audits prior to the conclusion of contracts with a high financial value, awarded by the state or any other equivalent legal entity, as specified by law (pre-contractual audit).
Opinions on Legislation
The Court provides opinions on drafts of laws regarding pensions or on the recognition of service for pension entitlements, on any issue falling within its constitutional competence either at the request of Ministers or as deemed by law (e.g. opinions on PFM issues).
See also
Judicial system of Greece
References
This article incorporates text by European Court of Auditors available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
External links
Hellenic Court of Audit - SYNEDRIO Official website | headquarters location | {
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In Greece, the Hellenic Court of Audit (or Synedrio) is The Supreme Audit Institution of the Hellenic Republic, auditing the use of public funds in Greece according to the principles of legality, regularity and sound financial management.
Synedrio is also the Supreme Financial Court, one of the three Supreme Courts of Justice, grounded on the Constitution, provides for its jurisdictional, advisory and auditing competences.
History
The Hellenic Court of Audit – the Elegktiko Synedrio (Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο in Greek) – is one of the oldest institutions the Greek State has today. It was founded with the Decree of 27 September 1833, and it is modeled on the French Cour des comptes. Before the Hellenic Court of Audit, there was the earlier "Accounting and Auditing Council". This was a special body for the audit of public expenditures founded by the Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias, and which came into being with the Resolution of the Fourth National Assembly of 23 September 1829. It was accountable directly to the Governor. This institutional forerunner of the Hellenic Court of Audit (HCA) was entrusted with the revision of the Public Economy Accounts, as well as with the audit of the legality and regularity of the State expenditure. Ioannis Kapodistrias entrusted the organization of the "Council" to A. Regny, an envoy sent by the French Government. He came to Greece for this purpose in 1831.
The inaugural meeting of the HCA took place in Nafplio on 14 October 1833.A milestone in the development of the HCA was the Constitution of 1844 which stipulated in its Article 87 that the judges of the Court of Audit serve for life.
Law MΓ'/13.3.1864 followed, with which the regulation of pensions of the State was assigned to the HCA. It held this competence until 31.12.1968, when with Law 599/1968 it was removed and assigned to the then newly established Pension Service of the General Accounts of the State, and the HCA kept only its judicial duties in the field of Pensions,
Law AYOZ of 1887 assigned the a priori audit of the State expenditure to the HCA.
Then followed Law 400/1914. It regulates various issues concerning the persons and duties of the HCA staff, as well as the composition of its Departments. With this law, more responsibilities were given to the HCA. In 1919, with Law 1634, the municipal accounts audited until that time by the Prefectures came under the audit of the HCA.
The Constitution issued in 1925 further improved, with its article 103, the powers of the HCA.
An improvement of the HCA also takes place following the provisions of Article 98 of the 1952 Constitution, according to which its decisions can no longer be subject to the appellate control of the Council of State. The HCA thus acquires its own appeal procedure with Decree 2712/1953 for its Plenary Session, and it adjudicates exclusive jurisdiction cases concerning the imputation of accountants and the award of pensions.
Later on, the work of the HCA has been supplemented by a number of decrees, including Decree 321/1969 on Governmental Accounting, clearly establishing the principle that budget expenditure should be reported in detail and money was to be used only for intended purposes, and then including Decree 1265/1972 which classifies the judicial audit of public money into a priori and a posteriori audit.
The 1968 and the 1973 Constitutions redefine the responsibilities of the HCA. This had already occurred in the 1952 Constitution, but now it becomes more detailed.
The role of the HCA was outlined in the 1975 Constitution. Under article 98, the HCA is primarily responsible for auditing expenditure and monitoring the revenue of the State, as well as that of Local Government Agencies or of other Legal Entities. The HCA is also required to submit to Parliament both an Annual Report on the State's Annual Financial Statements and a Balance Sheet. Under the same article, the HCA adjudicates on cases concerning the audit of the accounts, pension grants and the civil liability of public servants. Furthermore, the HCA provides an expert opinion on laws regulating pensions, as well as on any other issue defined by law.
According to Law 2741/1999, the HCA carries out a legality audit of public works, procurements and services contracts made by the State, Public Entities or Public Enterprises, whenever the budget exceeds a certain amount. This competence has been upgraded to a constitutional level, according to the April 2001 constitutional reform.
Throughout the last years, the Hellenic Court of Auditors also participates in shaping a common design and planning cooperation with the European Court of Auditors and the audit institutions of the other Member States.
Remits
The Court's jurisdictional, auditing and advisory competences are grounded on the Constitution of Greece.
Synedrio carries out audits of the expenditure and accounts of the State, local agencies and legal entities as provided for by law. It may also audit private entities if they are in receipt of public money.
Synedrio is required to submit to the Parliament the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements (the Statement of Assurance) as well as an Annual Activity Report.
Organisation
The Head of the Court of Audit is the President.
The Plenum of the Court is the governing body and is composed of the President, eight actively-serving vice-presidents and 33 Judge Counsellors. It conducts its proceedings in a Μajor and three Μinor formations.
Seven jurisdictional chambers
The First Chamber hears legal cases regarding imputation disputes related to the State, legal entities of private law that belong to the State, as well as the disputes from grants and any kind of financing of the State to private legal entities or individuals.
The Second Chamber hears legal cases regarding imputation disputes related to local governments, other legal entities under public law, private legal entities that belong to them, as well as disputes from grants and any kind of financing of the above to private legal entities or individuals.
The Third and the Fourth Chamber hear legal remedies related to pensions of civil servants and public officers.
The Fifth and the Sixth Chamber hear legal remedies related to pensions of military officers and personnel.
The Seventh Chamber, which holds the presumption of jurisdiction, hears, in particular, resources against acts of the Court's Sections regarding pre-contractual audit, as well as legal remedies on imputation differences arising from financial corrections regarding EU funds & recoveries at the expense of public accounting officers.
The Audit Chamber: Chaired by the President himself, it is responsible for determining the Court's audit strategy, planning and monitoring of the annual and multiannual audit program, issuing all types of audit reports, planning and monitoring targeted audits, as well as elaborating the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements (the Statement of Assurance) as well as the Annual Report.
Six jurisdictional sections
Three are responsible for pre-contractual audits, two deal with cases related to auditing and imputation, whilst the last one mainly deals with the Court's international relations.
The Advocate General Office
Inextricably embedded in the Court's organisational structure is the layer of the Advocate General, comprising the Advocate General, the Deputy Advocate General, and three Sub-Deputy Advocate Generals. These are all judges of the Court.
Organisational Structure – Audit Directorate
Three General Coordinators’ Services:
(a) General Coordinator's Service “Administration”, which is responsible for the secretarial support of the Court's formations and for the preparation and processing of the Court's personnel administrative affairs as well as for welfare and safety issues.
(b) General Coordinator's Service “Audit I”, which is responsible for Audit Planning and Support, Quality Control for the Court's regional units as well as for Documentation and Methodology.
(c) General Coordinator's Service “Audit II”, which is responsible for Audit Planning and Support and Quality Control with respect to the Court's units in Athens and Thessaloniki as well as Information Technology Audit and the Audit of the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements.
55 Central Units
56 Regional Units.
The people of the Hellenic Court of Audit
The President
9 actively-serving Vice-presidents
33 Judge-Counsellors
46 Appeal Judges
40 Junior Judges
The Advocate General
The Deputy Advocate General
3 Sub-Deputy Advocate Generals
3 General Directors
90 Directors
106 Chiefs of Division
359 Auditors
173 Secretaries
25 Bailiffs
Products
SΥNEDRIO as the Hellenic Supreme Financial Court and Audit Institution produces:
As the Supreme Audit Institution
Audit reports
Annual report on the Court's audit activities, including the results of its activities, observations stemming from its work, suggestions on reforms and improvements (including relevant laws).
Statement of Assurance on the State's Budget Execution Report and Financial Statements (the Statement of Assurance).
Synedrio conducts financial, compliance, internal control and performance audits and publishes the relevant audit reports according to its Annual Work Programme; It also produces reports as part of its cooperation with peer SAIs.It reports on issues of general interest such as those arising from systemic weaknesses of public administration.
Administrative acts
Arising from ex post audits of the accounts of the accounting officers of the state and of the local government agencies or other legal entities, resulting in a decision of the competent Synedrio's Commissioner by which the accounts are either accepted as sound or rejected as illegal. In this latter case an administrative/or judicial act (depending on the financial importance of the deficit) will follow in order to recover the deficit.
Overviews
Monitoring of policy issues in various fields e.g. PFM
As the Supreme Financial Court
Judgements
in Cases arising from:
– pensions;
– audit of accounts;
– civil liability of public employees for losses caused by them to the State, local agencies or public legal entities, intentionally or through gross negligence, in the course of their duties; and
– liability of officials for unjustified increases in their wealth deemed to be the product of corruption (and unjustified according to the audit of their annual declarations of financial interests).
Judicial acts/judgements
in Cases arising from audits prior to the conclusion of contracts with a high financial value, awarded by the state or any other equivalent legal entity, as specified by law (pre-contractual audit).
Opinions on Legislation
The Court provides opinions on drafts of laws regarding pensions or on the recognition of service for pension entitlements, on any issue falling within its constitutional competence either at the request of Ministers or as deemed by law (e.g. opinions on PFM issues).
See also
Judicial system of Greece
References
This article incorporates text by European Court of Auditors available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
External links
Hellenic Court of Audit - SYNEDRIO Official website | Commons category | {
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André Ramseyer (January 31, 1914 in Tramelan – January 15, 2007 in Neuchâtel) was a Swiss sculptor, who lived in Neuchâtel. He had been working in Neuchâtel since 1942, after working in l'Ecole d'art à La Chaux-de-Fonds between 1932 and 1935, and staying in Paris (between 1935 and 1936) and Italy for a few short periods of time. In Neuchâtel, he taught Art and the History of Art until 1956. He returned to Paris in 1949, but went back to Neuchâtel later that year. He stopped working in the 1990s, although he kept the key to his studio in his pocket until the day he died.
He was heavily influenced by Henry Moore. His sculptures can be seen in many public spaces, mostly in Switzerland. | place of birth | {
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André Ramseyer (January 31, 1914 in Tramelan – January 15, 2007 in Neuchâtel) was a Swiss sculptor, who lived in Neuchâtel. He had been working in Neuchâtel since 1942, after working in l'Ecole d'art à La Chaux-de-Fonds between 1932 and 1935, and staying in Paris (between 1935 and 1936) and Italy for a few short periods of time. In Neuchâtel, he taught Art and the History of Art until 1956. He returned to Paris in 1949, but went back to Neuchâtel later that year. He stopped working in the 1990s, although he kept the key to his studio in his pocket until the day he died.
He was heavily influenced by Henry Moore. His sculptures can be seen in many public spaces, mostly in Switzerland. | place of death | {
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André Ramseyer (January 31, 1914 in Tramelan – January 15, 2007 in Neuchâtel) was a Swiss sculptor, who lived in Neuchâtel. He had been working in Neuchâtel since 1942, after working in l'Ecole d'art à La Chaux-de-Fonds between 1932 and 1935, and staying in Paris (between 1935 and 1936) and Italy for a few short periods of time. In Neuchâtel, he taught Art and the History of Art until 1956. He returned to Paris in 1949, but went back to Neuchâtel later that year. He stopped working in the 1990s, although he kept the key to his studio in his pocket until the day he died.
He was heavily influenced by Henry Moore. His sculptures can be seen in many public spaces, mostly in Switzerland. | country of citizenship | {
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André Ramseyer (January 31, 1914 in Tramelan – January 15, 2007 in Neuchâtel) was a Swiss sculptor, who lived in Neuchâtel. He had been working in Neuchâtel since 1942, after working in l'Ecole d'art à La Chaux-de-Fonds between 1932 and 1935, and staying in Paris (between 1935 and 1936) and Italy for a few short periods of time. In Neuchâtel, he taught Art and the History of Art until 1956. He returned to Paris in 1949, but went back to Neuchâtel later that year. He stopped working in the 1990s, although he kept the key to his studio in his pocket until the day he died.
He was heavily influenced by Henry Moore. His sculptures can be seen in many public spaces, mostly in Switzerland. | occupation | {
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André Ramseyer (January 31, 1914 in Tramelan – January 15, 2007 in Neuchâtel) was a Swiss sculptor, who lived in Neuchâtel. He had been working in Neuchâtel since 1942, after working in l'Ecole d'art à La Chaux-de-Fonds between 1932 and 1935, and staying in Paris (between 1935 and 1936) and Italy for a few short periods of time. In Neuchâtel, he taught Art and the History of Art until 1956. He returned to Paris in 1949, but went back to Neuchâtel later that year. He stopped working in the 1990s, although he kept the key to his studio in his pocket until the day he died.
He was heavily influenced by Henry Moore. His sculptures can be seen in many public spaces, mostly in Switzerland. | Commons category | {
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André Ramseyer (January 31, 1914 in Tramelan – January 15, 2007 in Neuchâtel) was a Swiss sculptor, who lived in Neuchâtel. He had been working in Neuchâtel since 1942, after working in l'Ecole d'art à La Chaux-de-Fonds between 1932 and 1935, and staying in Paris (between 1935 and 1936) and Italy for a few short periods of time. In Neuchâtel, he taught Art and the History of Art until 1956. He returned to Paris in 1949, but went back to Neuchâtel later that year. He stopped working in the 1990s, although he kept the key to his studio in his pocket until the day he died.
He was heavily influenced by Henry Moore. His sculptures can be seen in many public spaces, mostly in Switzerland. | family name | {
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André Ramseyer (January 31, 1914 in Tramelan – January 15, 2007 in Neuchâtel) was a Swiss sculptor, who lived in Neuchâtel. He had been working in Neuchâtel since 1942, after working in l'Ecole d'art à La Chaux-de-Fonds between 1932 and 1935, and staying in Paris (between 1935 and 1936) and Italy for a few short periods of time. In Neuchâtel, he taught Art and the History of Art until 1956. He returned to Paris in 1949, but went back to Neuchâtel later that year. He stopped working in the 1990s, although he kept the key to his studio in his pocket until the day he died.
He was heavily influenced by Henry Moore. His sculptures can be seen in many public spaces, mostly in Switzerland. | given name | {
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André Ramseyer (January 31, 1914 in Tramelan – January 15, 2007 in Neuchâtel) was a Swiss sculptor, who lived in Neuchâtel. He had been working in Neuchâtel since 1942, after working in l'Ecole d'art à La Chaux-de-Fonds between 1932 and 1935, and staying in Paris (between 1935 and 1936) and Italy for a few short periods of time. In Neuchâtel, he taught Art and the History of Art until 1956. He returned to Paris in 1949, but went back to Neuchâtel later that year. He stopped working in the 1990s, although he kept the key to his studio in his pocket until the day he died.
He was heavily influenced by Henry Moore. His sculptures can be seen in many public spaces, mostly in Switzerland. | place of origin (Switzerland) | {
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William Albert Hajt (born November 18, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the NHL from 1973 until 1987. He featured in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Buffalo Sabres.
Hajt was drafted 33rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 854 career NHL games, all with the Sabres, scoring 42 goals and 202 assists for 244 points. His highest point total of his career was actually his rookie season, when he registered 29 points and a plus minus rating of +47.
Bill is the father of Ontario Reign assistant coach Chris Hajt who played six games in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers and the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
See also
Notable families in the NHL
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database | member of sports team | {
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William Albert Hajt (born November 18, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the NHL from 1973 until 1987. He featured in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Buffalo Sabres.
Hajt was drafted 33rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 854 career NHL games, all with the Sabres, scoring 42 goals and 202 assists for 244 points. His highest point total of his career was actually his rookie season, when he registered 29 points and a plus minus rating of +47.
Bill is the father of Ontario Reign assistant coach Chris Hajt who played six games in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers and the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
See also
Notable families in the NHL
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database | league | {
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William Albert Hajt (born November 18, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the NHL from 1973 until 1987. He featured in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Buffalo Sabres.
Hajt was drafted 33rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 854 career NHL games, all with the Sabres, scoring 42 goals and 202 assists for 244 points. His highest point total of his career was actually his rookie season, when he registered 29 points and a plus minus rating of +47.
Bill is the father of Ontario Reign assistant coach Chris Hajt who played six games in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers and the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
See also
Notable families in the NHL
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database | sport | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"ice hockey"
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William Albert Hajt (born November 18, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the NHL from 1973 until 1987. He featured in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Buffalo Sabres.
Hajt was drafted 33rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 854 career NHL games, all with the Sabres, scoring 42 goals and 202 assists for 244 points. His highest point total of his career was actually his rookie season, when he registered 29 points and a plus minus rating of +47.
Bill is the father of Ontario Reign assistant coach Chris Hajt who played six games in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers and the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
See also
Notable families in the NHL
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database | drafted by | {
"answer_start": [
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"Buffalo Sabres"
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William Albert Hajt (born November 18, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the NHL from 1973 until 1987. He featured in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Buffalo Sabres.
Hajt was drafted 33rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 854 career NHL games, all with the Sabres, scoring 42 goals and 202 assists for 244 points. His highest point total of his career was actually his rookie season, when he registered 29 points and a plus minus rating of +47.
Bill is the father of Ontario Reign assistant coach Chris Hajt who played six games in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers and the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
See also
Notable families in the NHL
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database | family name | {
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William Albert Hajt (born November 18, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the NHL from 1973 until 1987. He featured in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Buffalo Sabres.
Hajt was drafted 33rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 854 career NHL games, all with the Sabres, scoring 42 goals and 202 assists for 244 points. His highest point total of his career was actually his rookie season, when he registered 29 points and a plus minus rating of +47.
Bill is the father of Ontario Reign assistant coach Chris Hajt who played six games in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers and the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
See also
Notable families in the NHL
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database | given name | {
"answer_start": [
529
],
"text": [
"Bill"
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} |
William Albert Hajt (born November 18, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the NHL from 1973 until 1987. He featured in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Buffalo Sabres.
Hajt was drafted 33rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 854 career NHL games, all with the Sabres, scoring 42 goals and 202 assists for 244 points. His highest point total of his career was actually his rookie season, when he registered 29 points and a plus minus rating of +47.
Bill is the father of Ontario Reign assistant coach Chris Hajt who played six games in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers and the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
See also
Notable families in the NHL
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database | number of matches played/races/starts | {
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William Albert Hajt (born November 18, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the NHL from 1973 until 1987. He featured in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Buffalo Sabres.
Hajt was drafted 33rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 854 career NHL games, all with the Sabres, scoring 42 goals and 202 assists for 244 points. His highest point total of his career was actually his rookie season, when he registered 29 points and a plus minus rating of +47.
Bill is the father of Ontario Reign assistant coach Chris Hajt who played six games in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers and the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
See also
Notable families in the NHL
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database | total goals in career | {
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William Albert Hajt (born November 18, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the NHL from 1973 until 1987. He featured in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Buffalo Sabres.
Hajt was drafted 33rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 854 career NHL games, all with the Sabres, scoring 42 goals and 202 assists for 244 points. His highest point total of his career was actually his rookie season, when he registered 29 points and a plus minus rating of +47.
Bill is the father of Ontario Reign assistant coach Chris Hajt who played six games in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers and the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
See also
Notable families in the NHL
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database | total points in career | {
"answer_start": [
386
],
"text": [
"244"
]
} |
William Albert Hajt (born November 18, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the NHL from 1973 until 1987. He featured in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Buffalo Sabres.
Hajt was drafted 33rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 854 career NHL games, all with the Sabres, scoring 42 goals and 202 assists for 244 points. His highest point total of his career was actually his rookie season, when he registered 29 points and a plus minus rating of +47.
Bill is the father of Ontario Reign assistant coach Chris Hajt who played six games in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers and the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
See also
Notable families in the NHL
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database | total assists in career | {
"answer_start": [
370
],
"text": [
"202"
]
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The 2015 Fort Worth mayoral election took place on May 9, 2015, to elect the Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas. The election was held concurrently with various other local elections, and is officially nonpartisan.
The mayoral term in Fort Worth is two years. Incumbent Mayor Betsy Price, a Republican who was first elected in 2011, ran unopposed for a third term.If more than two candidates had filed, and had no candidate received a majority of the vote in the general election, a runoff would have been held on June 13.
Candidates
Betsy Price, incumbent Mayor
General election
Results
== References == | instance of | {
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The 2015 Fort Worth mayoral election took place on May 9, 2015, to elect the Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas. The election was held concurrently with various other local elections, and is officially nonpartisan.
The mayoral term in Fort Worth is two years. Incumbent Mayor Betsy Price, a Republican who was first elected in 2011, ran unopposed for a third term.If more than two candidates had filed, and had no candidate received a majority of the vote in the general election, a runoff would have been held on June 13.
Candidates
Betsy Price, incumbent Mayor
General election
Results
== References == | office contested | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | place of birth | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | place of death | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | sex or gender | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | spouse | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | educated at | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | field of work | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | occupation | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | employer | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | award received | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | member of | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | family name | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | given name | {
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Doris Livesey Reynolds (also known by her married name Doris Holmes) FRSE FGS (1 July 1899 – 10 October 1985) was a British geologist, best known for her work on metasomatism in rocks and her role in the "Granite Controversy". She was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Early life and education
Doris Livesey Reynolds was born on 1 July 1899 in Manchester, to parents Alfred Reynolds and Louisa Livesey. Her parents moved to Manchester from Belfast just before her birth. Reynolds first attended school in Essex, then going on to Bedford College, graduating with a degree in geology in 1920. Whilst at Bedford, she studied under two of the most famous female geologists of the time, Catherine Raisin and Gertrude Ellis, who encouraged her interest in petrology.
Geological career and later life
Reynolds taught at University College London after graduating, and then at Queen's University Belfast between 1921 and 1926 as assistant to Arthur Dwerryhouse and John Kaye Charlesworth. Her early work focused on the geology of Northern Ireland, in particular the Triassic sandstones of the north-east, where she discovered authigenic potash feldspar. She also worked with albite-schists, discovering the metasomatic origin of albite, which has a correlation with increases of soda. Reynolds work focused on geochemical and structural conditions that contribute to the formation of rocks through metasomatism. Whilst conducting field work on the island of Colonsay, she discovered that the local xenoliths of quartzite in hornblendite were transformed metasomatically into micropegmatite. Reynolds remained fond of Ireland, and travelled there often with her husband during her lifetime. In 1926 she returned as a lecturer to Bedford College, and in 1927 received a D.Sc.During a field trip with some students to the Ardnamurchan Peninsula in 1931, Reynolds met Arthur Holmes, the Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. She accepted his offer of a teaching post at Durham, and following the death of Holmes' first wife, they married in 1939. When Holmes became Regius Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh in 1942, Reynolds became an honorary research fellow. This was an informal and unremunerated teaching and research position within the geology department. Reynolds developed the theory of "granitisation" during the 1940s, in an effort to explain the formation of granite in the Earth's crust. The theory postulated that granite in the Earth's crust formed fluids moving upwards through the crust, changing them into granite chemically. It was a controversial theory which proved divisive until the 1960s in the field of petrology and became known as the "Granite Controversy". The theory was proven incorrect eventually, but inspired research in a previously neglected area of geology.Holmes died in 1965 and Reynolds went on to publish a revised edition of his classic textbook Principles of Physical Geology in 1978. She died in Hove, on 10 October 1985.
Honours and awards
Reynolds was the first woman to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1949, and received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1960.
References
External links
Dr Doris Reynolds' personal papers are held at Royal Holloway, University of London Archives. | influenced by | {
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Chikoti Chirwa (born 9 March 1992) is a Malawian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Red Lions and the Malawi national team. He was included in Malawi's squad for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.
References
External links
Chikoti Chirwa at Soccerway
Chikoti Chirwa at Global Sports Archive | country of citizenship | {
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Chikoti Chirwa (born 9 March 1992) is a Malawian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Red Lions and the Malawi national team. He was included in Malawi's squad for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.
References
External links
Chikoti Chirwa at Soccerway
Chikoti Chirwa at Global Sports Archive | position played on team / speciality | {
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Chikoti Chirwa (born 9 March 1992) is a Malawian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Red Lions and the Malawi national team. He was included in Malawi's squad for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.
References
External links
Chikoti Chirwa at Soccerway
Chikoti Chirwa at Global Sports Archive | country for sport | {
"answer_start": [
40
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Benjamin Dawson Porritt FRSE FIC FIP FIRI (26 January 1884 – 28 January 1940) was an early 20th century British chemist and academic author, specialising in the use of rubber. In authorship he is known as B. D. Porritt. He was a keen yachtsman and rugby player.
Life
He was born on 26 January 1884 at Turtle Mountain in Canada. He was the son of Herbert Thomas Porritt, from Armley, Yorkshire in Britain. His family returned to Britain soon after his birth and he was educated at Whitgift Grammar School in Croydon in London. In 1903 he entered University College, London studying Chemistry. He graduated BSc in 1906. He then proceeded to gain an MSc and began research with Sir William Ramsay and Sir Norman Collie.Around 1909 he moved to Edinburgh as a chemist to the North British Rubber Company who had huge works in the Fountainbridge district (mainly making wellington boots and rubber hot water bottles). He was promoted to Senior Chemist in 1912. In 1916 he became Research Superintendent.
In 1919 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir James Walker, Alexander Lauder, Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker and Cargill Gilston Knott.In 1920 he moved back to Croydon taking on the role of Director of the newly formed Research Association of the British Rubber and Tyre Manufacturers. He received the Colwyn Medal for services to Chemistry in 1938.
He remained in this post until his death, which occurred in Croydon, London, on 28 January 1940, a few days after his 56th birthday.
Family
He was married with two daughters.
Publications
The Chemistry of Rubber (1913)
The Rubber Industry - Past and Present (1919)
Rubber and Engineering (1925)
Rubber and its Uses in Building Works (1926)
Volatile Oxidation Products of Bolata (1927)
Sound Absorption of Rubber Flooring (1932)
Rubber: Physical and Chemical Properties (1935)
== References == | occupation | {
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Benjamin Dawson Porritt FRSE FIC FIP FIRI (26 January 1884 – 28 January 1940) was an early 20th century British chemist and academic author, specialising in the use of rubber. In authorship he is known as B. D. Porritt. He was a keen yachtsman and rugby player.
Life
He was born on 26 January 1884 at Turtle Mountain in Canada. He was the son of Herbert Thomas Porritt, from Armley, Yorkshire in Britain. His family returned to Britain soon after his birth and he was educated at Whitgift Grammar School in Croydon in London. In 1903 he entered University College, London studying Chemistry. He graduated BSc in 1906. He then proceeded to gain an MSc and began research with Sir William Ramsay and Sir Norman Collie.Around 1909 he moved to Edinburgh as a chemist to the North British Rubber Company who had huge works in the Fountainbridge district (mainly making wellington boots and rubber hot water bottles). He was promoted to Senior Chemist in 1912. In 1916 he became Research Superintendent.
In 1919 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir James Walker, Alexander Lauder, Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker and Cargill Gilston Knott.In 1920 he moved back to Croydon taking on the role of Director of the newly formed Research Association of the British Rubber and Tyre Manufacturers. He received the Colwyn Medal for services to Chemistry in 1938.
He remained in this post until his death, which occurred in Croydon, London, on 28 January 1940, a few days after his 56th birthday.
Family
He was married with two daughters.
Publications
The Chemistry of Rubber (1913)
The Rubber Industry - Past and Present (1919)
Rubber and Engineering (1925)
Rubber and its Uses in Building Works (1926)
Volatile Oxidation Products of Bolata (1927)
Sound Absorption of Rubber Flooring (1932)
Rubber: Physical and Chemical Properties (1935)
== References == | award received | {
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Wijayaratnam Hindu National College is a government school in Negombo, Western Province, Sri Lanka. The school was found in 1932 by S.K. Wijayaratnam for the Negombo Tamil people. Wijayaratnam Hindu Central College is the only Hindu Tamil school in the Gampaha District, Sri Lanka.
Principals
(1954-10-10–1962-12-30) K. Mayilvaganam
(1962-12-31–1964-03-15) Mr. Kanthasami
(1964-03-16–1974-01-31) E.S. Sothinathan
(1974-01031–19798-02-15) Mr. V. Sanmugarajah
(1979-02-16–1980-05-05) Mr.V. Nadarajah
(1980-05-06–1980-11-29) Mr.E. Pathmanathan
(1980-11-30–1981-01-16) Mr.N Balasubramaniyam
(1981-01-16–1981-02-20) Mr.E.S.V. Perera
(1981-02-20–1994-12-31) Mrs. A. Kalyanasundaram
(1995-01-01–1996-06-30) Mr.A.Sanmugarajah
(1996-07-01–2014-09-10) Mr.N.Ganesalingam
(2014-09-10–2022-10-08) Mr.N.Puwaneshwara Raja
Official Facebook Page
https://www.facebook.com/Wijayaratnamhcc/
Official YouTube Page
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIJLIagot_afpm3uBGLGWXA
== References == | country | {
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Wijayaratnam Hindu National College is a government school in Negombo, Western Province, Sri Lanka. The school was found in 1932 by S.K. Wijayaratnam for the Negombo Tamil people. Wijayaratnam Hindu Central College is the only Hindu Tamil school in the Gampaha District, Sri Lanka.
Principals
(1954-10-10–1962-12-30) K. Mayilvaganam
(1962-12-31–1964-03-15) Mr. Kanthasami
(1964-03-16–1974-01-31) E.S. Sothinathan
(1974-01031–19798-02-15) Mr. V. Sanmugarajah
(1979-02-16–1980-05-05) Mr.V. Nadarajah
(1980-05-06–1980-11-29) Mr.E. Pathmanathan
(1980-11-30–1981-01-16) Mr.N Balasubramaniyam
(1981-01-16–1981-02-20) Mr.E.S.V. Perera
(1981-02-20–1994-12-31) Mrs. A. Kalyanasundaram
(1995-01-01–1996-06-30) Mr.A.Sanmugarajah
(1996-07-01–2014-09-10) Mr.N.Ganesalingam
(2014-09-10–2022-10-08) Mr.N.Puwaneshwara Raja
Official Facebook Page
https://www.facebook.com/Wijayaratnamhcc/
Official YouTube Page
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIJLIagot_afpm3uBGLGWXA
== References == | instance of | {
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Legahi (Persian: لگاهي, also Romanized as Legāhī and Lagāhī; also known as Lyakyagi and Nakāhī) is a village in Qareh Poshtelu-e Bala Rural District, Qareh Poshtelu District, Zanjan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 384, in 80 families.
== References == | country | {
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Legahi (Persian: لگاهي, also Romanized as Legāhī and Lagāhī; also known as Lyakyagi and Nakāhī) is a village in Qareh Poshtelu-e Bala Rural District, Qareh Poshtelu District, Zanjan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 384, in 80 families.
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"village"
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} |
Legahi (Persian: لگاهي, also Romanized as Legāhī and Lagāhī; also known as Lyakyagi and Nakāhī) is a village in Qareh Poshtelu-e Bala Rural District, Qareh Poshtelu District, Zanjan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 384, in 80 families.
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
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Kunderang East Pastoral Station is a heritage-listed former pastoral station at Jeogla, Armidale Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1892 to 1893 by Joe Small. It is also known as Cunderang / Kunderang station or Apsley Gorges. The property is owned by the Office of Environment and Heritage (State Government). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
History
Kunderang East Pastoral Station is located at the eastern edge of the Great Dividing Range near the headwaters of the Manning, Hasting and Macleay Rivers. The land was originally occupied by Aboriginal tribes including the Birpai, Ngaku and the large Thungutti tribe. It seems that the station took its name from a clan of the Thungutti who occupied this area.European invasion came from the fertile tablelands and coastal strip in the 1820s. Cunderang Station was established by Captain George Jobling by 1843, possibly as an outpost for Toorookoo, Jobling's first grant. During this early period a number of Aboriginal massacres occurred on the Kunderang run, while Aboriginal people were staging a resistance to the invasion of their land.Jobling sold his interest in the cattle run in 1854 and between then and 1889, several non-resident owners increased its size to 90,000 acres.In 1889 Joe Fitzgerald and Alec McDonell from Cundletown, near Taree, purchased sections of the Kunderang Run, with the remainder staying with the Crawfords and becoming Kunderang West. At that point Kunderang East Station was established.The existing Kunderang East pastoral station homestead was begun in 1890 with the construction of a three roomed vertical timber plank (locally-cut and sawn) building later used as a kitchen. In 1892, a larger four roomed solid cedar vertical plank house was built and the Fitzgerald family moved in. Soon after the gap between the earlier hut and the new house were infilled to form a dining room. The Fitzgeralds lived there until 1928. The experience of living at Kunderang East was profoundly influenced by its isolation. Although the telephone was installed in 1919, a road into the property was not put through until 1967 with electricity following in 1973. This isolation, while limiting the economic viability of the place as a cattle station, created an environment which gave unique aspects to its cultural history.Between about 1920 and 1969 Kunderang East pastoral station varied in size, but hovered around 100,000 acres as various leases and permissive occupancies were added or forfeited. In addition to the homestead, three remote mustering huts, a restored forge and hayshed and reconstructed set of stockyards comprise the remaining infrastructure within the pastoral station precinct.From 1928 to 1967, Kunderang East was managed by Alec McDonell. In 1967, Kunderang East was sold to Kellion Estates Pty. Ltd. although McDonell remained as the manager until 1973. Road access to the property was established in 1967, and electricity was installed in 1973. The old kitchen section was demolished and a new one built in the same location around this time. Kellion Estates carried out major works on the property from 1967 to 1989, including replacing the kitchen wing and altering the roofscape between the dining room and kitchen wing.The property was acquired by the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service in 1989. Major conservation and restoration works were conducted in the 1990s, restoring the roofscape to its c.1900 form. The Kellion Estates kitchen was demolished and the exterior shell of the kitchen wing substantially reconstructed based on available evidence, with a modern interior. Since acquisition by the NPWS, the homestead has been subject of maintenance works and ongoing assessment of the structures and the historic features in outlying areas of the station.Although various leases changed, the overall size of Kunderang Station remained largely the same throughout its hundred-year operation.The old kitchen wing underwent a change of use in 2008, being converted to a large eat-in kitchen after being used as a caretaker's cottage. The homestead is currently rented out as a commercial accommodation facility where customers access it via a four-wheel drive only access road. This adaptive reuse and associated revenue has assisted in offsetting the cost of site management over the last 20 years.
Description
Station
Kunderang East Pastoral Station forms part of the Oxley Rivers National Park, part of a serial World Heritage Area listing of Gondwana Rainforests. Oxley Rivers NP is one of the largest of the national parks in this listing, particularly important for the extensive areas of dry rainforest that it contains.Between about 1920 and 1969 Kunderang East pastoral station varied in size, but hovered around 100,000 acres as various leases and permissive occupancies were added or forfeited.Kunderang Station is located in the middle reaches of the Macleay River Valley between Armidale and Kempsey. Although downstream of the spectacular cliffed Macleay Gorges, it is nevertheless scenically impressive. The most extensive vegetation is open woodland and dry rainforest in the Top Creek catchment of the north side of the river. The vegetation ranges from typically New England plateau species in higher parts to coastal or lowland species along the valleys. Wildlife is abundant in the area. Kunderdang Station Nature Reserve was incorporated into Oxley Wild Rivers National Park in 1989.Kunderang is representative of an area supporting a diversity in vegetation and scenic gorges. The rugged nature of the topography has left the area in a pristine condition. It marks the eastern border of the New England flora and the western extremity of the coastal vegetation.The pastoral station remains comprise a cleared area west of the Macleay River and otherwise surrounded by forest. Fences skirt the clearing and frame paddocks and the central homestead complex.Edward Fitzgerald's grave is on the station south of the homestead complex. The possible site of Jack Crawford's hut is nearby to this grave.
Homestead complex
In addition to the homestead, three remote mustering huts, a restored forge (south-west of the homestead) and hay or corn shed and reconstructed set of stockyards comprise the remaining infrastructure within the pastoral station precinct. These are in the same area, south-west of the homestead complex.Orchard stables are north-west of the homestead complex.Duval's hut and yards are south of the homestead complex. An Aboriginal stockman's hut is south-west of the homestead complex.
Homestead (1893)
The main house is a four-room vertical red cedar timber plank (locally-cut and sawn) structure which originally had verandahs on all sides and two small rooms built into the south-east and south-west corners of the verandahs. This house replaced an earlier (1890) 3-roomed vertical timber plank hut, which was then converted into its kitchen block.Prior to 1900, a dining room was created by filling in the gap between the house and its original kitchen block (demolished in 1973) and making a breezeway of the verandah of the first kitchen section.Electricity was installed in 1973. At this time, the old kitchen section was demolished and a new one built in the same location.
Condition
As at 15 August 1997, physical condition was reported as good.The homestead is largely intact. The cultural landscape in which the structures are situated remains an intact record of changing land use, retaining many of its original features.
Heritage listing
The cultural significance of Kunderang East, lies in the way its frontier environment made clear the tragic processes of early European settlement and intensified and sharpened the nature of pastoral processes and experiences. It was this frontier where Aboriginal people were forced from the coast and tablelands and where their resistance resulted in massacres on Cunderang. It was also the steep, isolation of the country which earned a reputation for stock and created bush legends of the abilities of stockmen and their abilities. The isolation meant that nineteenth century ways of doing things were carried on well into the twentieth century. It also protected the area from large scale clearing, leaving a landscape largely unchanged in 150 years.The tragedy of early conflicts; the bush legends created out of adversity; and the preservation of a landscape that captures a sense of history and isolation are the legacy of frontier experience that is perhaps more uniquely Australian than more comfortable properties elsewhere. In this way Kunderang East is significant as a symbol for the Australian bush experience.Kunderang East Pastoral Station was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
Kunderang East Station is historically significant because when established in c.1841 as Cunderang it was one of the earliest on the Macleay River. Its history demonstrates the major processes of early European settlement. The existing cedar homestead provides tangible evidence of natural resource exploitation. By the 1840s, cedar had almost disappeared from the northern rivers, that the main house at Kunderang could have been built entirely of cedar in 1892 is testament to its remoteness and inaccessibility. The number of massacres that occurred in the area of Kunderang East were a tragic consequence of the dispossession experienced by Aborigines. Kunderang East has an historical association with prominent persons involved in early settlement including Major A.C Innes, commandant of the penal colony of Port Maquarie who was a business associates of its first owner Captain George Jobling.The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The historic landscape of cleared grassed paddocks surrounding the homestead, ringed by massive mountain ranges is significant because it has changed little since it was the site of the first station huts in c. 1841 and reflects the isolation that occurred historically. The colour and warmth of large areas of red cedar and other unpainted timbers, create an internal ambiance of rare quality. The homestead is architecturally significant as the only known pit sawn Australian red cedar plank house constructed as late as 1892. It is the only one surviving on the coast of New South Wales.The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Kunderang East has special significance for Aboriginal people as the site of many massacres, a result of the dispossession experienced by Aborigines. It also provides tangible evidence of the major contribution that Aboriginal men and women made to the pastoral industry and of the labour arrangements made between the property manager and particular Aboriginal families to supply labour. The homestead also has broader significance for what it demonstrates about changing social customs and multi functional use. Some aspects of Kunderang's history imbue it with cultural significance at least at a state level. The two Aboriginal massacres known to have occurred on Kunderang give this place special significance to Aboriginal people and can be considered therefore to have cultural significance on a state level.The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
Kunderang East is rare in it aesthetic and historic values.
See also
References
Bibliography
Ashley, Geoff (1991). Oxley Wild Rivers National Park Kunderang East Pastoral Station: Draft Conservation Plan.
NPWS. "Kunderang East Pastoral Station".
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (1993). National Parks & Wildlife Service Kunderang Homestead, Oxley Wild Rivers National Park / Heritage Properties Restoration Program.
Shepperd; et al. (2004). Kunderang East Conservation Management Plan.
Thomas, Piers & Lawrance, Caroline (2016). Statement of Heritage Impact - Kunderang East Homestead - replacement of verandah boards, restoration of fence and extension of verandah, paving and roof line of kitchen.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Tourism NSW (2007). "East Kunderang Homestead".
National Parks & Wildlife Service. National Parks & Wildlife Service Section 170 Register.
Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on Kunderang East Pastoral Station, entry number 00996 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 28 May 2018.
External links
Media related to Kunderang East Pastoral Station at Wikimedia Commons | country | {
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Kunderang East Pastoral Station is a heritage-listed former pastoral station at Jeogla, Armidale Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1892 to 1893 by Joe Small. It is also known as Cunderang / Kunderang station or Apsley Gorges. The property is owned by the Office of Environment and Heritage (State Government). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
History
Kunderang East Pastoral Station is located at the eastern edge of the Great Dividing Range near the headwaters of the Manning, Hasting and Macleay Rivers. The land was originally occupied by Aboriginal tribes including the Birpai, Ngaku and the large Thungutti tribe. It seems that the station took its name from a clan of the Thungutti who occupied this area.European invasion came from the fertile tablelands and coastal strip in the 1820s. Cunderang Station was established by Captain George Jobling by 1843, possibly as an outpost for Toorookoo, Jobling's first grant. During this early period a number of Aboriginal massacres occurred on the Kunderang run, while Aboriginal people were staging a resistance to the invasion of their land.Jobling sold his interest in the cattle run in 1854 and between then and 1889, several non-resident owners increased its size to 90,000 acres.In 1889 Joe Fitzgerald and Alec McDonell from Cundletown, near Taree, purchased sections of the Kunderang Run, with the remainder staying with the Crawfords and becoming Kunderang West. At that point Kunderang East Station was established.The existing Kunderang East pastoral station homestead was begun in 1890 with the construction of a three roomed vertical timber plank (locally-cut and sawn) building later used as a kitchen. In 1892, a larger four roomed solid cedar vertical plank house was built and the Fitzgerald family moved in. Soon after the gap between the earlier hut and the new house were infilled to form a dining room. The Fitzgeralds lived there until 1928. The experience of living at Kunderang East was profoundly influenced by its isolation. Although the telephone was installed in 1919, a road into the property was not put through until 1967 with electricity following in 1973. This isolation, while limiting the economic viability of the place as a cattle station, created an environment which gave unique aspects to its cultural history.Between about 1920 and 1969 Kunderang East pastoral station varied in size, but hovered around 100,000 acres as various leases and permissive occupancies were added or forfeited. In addition to the homestead, three remote mustering huts, a restored forge and hayshed and reconstructed set of stockyards comprise the remaining infrastructure within the pastoral station precinct.From 1928 to 1967, Kunderang East was managed by Alec McDonell. In 1967, Kunderang East was sold to Kellion Estates Pty. Ltd. although McDonell remained as the manager until 1973. Road access to the property was established in 1967, and electricity was installed in 1973. The old kitchen section was demolished and a new one built in the same location around this time. Kellion Estates carried out major works on the property from 1967 to 1989, including replacing the kitchen wing and altering the roofscape between the dining room and kitchen wing.The property was acquired by the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service in 1989. Major conservation and restoration works were conducted in the 1990s, restoring the roofscape to its c.1900 form. The Kellion Estates kitchen was demolished and the exterior shell of the kitchen wing substantially reconstructed based on available evidence, with a modern interior. Since acquisition by the NPWS, the homestead has been subject of maintenance works and ongoing assessment of the structures and the historic features in outlying areas of the station.Although various leases changed, the overall size of Kunderang Station remained largely the same throughout its hundred-year operation.The old kitchen wing underwent a change of use in 2008, being converted to a large eat-in kitchen after being used as a caretaker's cottage. The homestead is currently rented out as a commercial accommodation facility where customers access it via a four-wheel drive only access road. This adaptive reuse and associated revenue has assisted in offsetting the cost of site management over the last 20 years.
Description
Station
Kunderang East Pastoral Station forms part of the Oxley Rivers National Park, part of a serial World Heritage Area listing of Gondwana Rainforests. Oxley Rivers NP is one of the largest of the national parks in this listing, particularly important for the extensive areas of dry rainforest that it contains.Between about 1920 and 1969 Kunderang East pastoral station varied in size, but hovered around 100,000 acres as various leases and permissive occupancies were added or forfeited.Kunderang Station is located in the middle reaches of the Macleay River Valley between Armidale and Kempsey. Although downstream of the spectacular cliffed Macleay Gorges, it is nevertheless scenically impressive. The most extensive vegetation is open woodland and dry rainforest in the Top Creek catchment of the north side of the river. The vegetation ranges from typically New England plateau species in higher parts to coastal or lowland species along the valleys. Wildlife is abundant in the area. Kunderdang Station Nature Reserve was incorporated into Oxley Wild Rivers National Park in 1989.Kunderang is representative of an area supporting a diversity in vegetation and scenic gorges. The rugged nature of the topography has left the area in a pristine condition. It marks the eastern border of the New England flora and the western extremity of the coastal vegetation.The pastoral station remains comprise a cleared area west of the Macleay River and otherwise surrounded by forest. Fences skirt the clearing and frame paddocks and the central homestead complex.Edward Fitzgerald's grave is on the station south of the homestead complex. The possible site of Jack Crawford's hut is nearby to this grave.
Homestead complex
In addition to the homestead, three remote mustering huts, a restored forge (south-west of the homestead) and hay or corn shed and reconstructed set of stockyards comprise the remaining infrastructure within the pastoral station precinct. These are in the same area, south-west of the homestead complex.Orchard stables are north-west of the homestead complex.Duval's hut and yards are south of the homestead complex. An Aboriginal stockman's hut is south-west of the homestead complex.
Homestead (1893)
The main house is a four-room vertical red cedar timber plank (locally-cut and sawn) structure which originally had verandahs on all sides and two small rooms built into the south-east and south-west corners of the verandahs. This house replaced an earlier (1890) 3-roomed vertical timber plank hut, which was then converted into its kitchen block.Prior to 1900, a dining room was created by filling in the gap between the house and its original kitchen block (demolished in 1973) and making a breezeway of the verandah of the first kitchen section.Electricity was installed in 1973. At this time, the old kitchen section was demolished and a new one built in the same location.
Condition
As at 15 August 1997, physical condition was reported as good.The homestead is largely intact. The cultural landscape in which the structures are situated remains an intact record of changing land use, retaining many of its original features.
Heritage listing
The cultural significance of Kunderang East, lies in the way its frontier environment made clear the tragic processes of early European settlement and intensified and sharpened the nature of pastoral processes and experiences. It was this frontier where Aboriginal people were forced from the coast and tablelands and where their resistance resulted in massacres on Cunderang. It was also the steep, isolation of the country which earned a reputation for stock and created bush legends of the abilities of stockmen and their abilities. The isolation meant that nineteenth century ways of doing things were carried on well into the twentieth century. It also protected the area from large scale clearing, leaving a landscape largely unchanged in 150 years.The tragedy of early conflicts; the bush legends created out of adversity; and the preservation of a landscape that captures a sense of history and isolation are the legacy of frontier experience that is perhaps more uniquely Australian than more comfortable properties elsewhere. In this way Kunderang East is significant as a symbol for the Australian bush experience.Kunderang East Pastoral Station was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
Kunderang East Station is historically significant because when established in c.1841 as Cunderang it was one of the earliest on the Macleay River. Its history demonstrates the major processes of early European settlement. The existing cedar homestead provides tangible evidence of natural resource exploitation. By the 1840s, cedar had almost disappeared from the northern rivers, that the main house at Kunderang could have been built entirely of cedar in 1892 is testament to its remoteness and inaccessibility. The number of massacres that occurred in the area of Kunderang East were a tragic consequence of the dispossession experienced by Aborigines. Kunderang East has an historical association with prominent persons involved in early settlement including Major A.C Innes, commandant of the penal colony of Port Maquarie who was a business associates of its first owner Captain George Jobling.The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The historic landscape of cleared grassed paddocks surrounding the homestead, ringed by massive mountain ranges is significant because it has changed little since it was the site of the first station huts in c. 1841 and reflects the isolation that occurred historically. The colour and warmth of large areas of red cedar and other unpainted timbers, create an internal ambiance of rare quality. The homestead is architecturally significant as the only known pit sawn Australian red cedar plank house constructed as late as 1892. It is the only one surviving on the coast of New South Wales.The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Kunderang East has special significance for Aboriginal people as the site of many massacres, a result of the dispossession experienced by Aborigines. It also provides tangible evidence of the major contribution that Aboriginal men and women made to the pastoral industry and of the labour arrangements made between the property manager and particular Aboriginal families to supply labour. The homestead also has broader significance for what it demonstrates about changing social customs and multi functional use. Some aspects of Kunderang's history imbue it with cultural significance at least at a state level. The two Aboriginal massacres known to have occurred on Kunderang give this place special significance to Aboriginal people and can be considered therefore to have cultural significance on a state level.The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
Kunderang East is rare in it aesthetic and historic values.
See also
References
Bibliography
Ashley, Geoff (1991). Oxley Wild Rivers National Park Kunderang East Pastoral Station: Draft Conservation Plan.
NPWS. "Kunderang East Pastoral Station".
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (1993). National Parks & Wildlife Service Kunderang Homestead, Oxley Wild Rivers National Park / Heritage Properties Restoration Program.
Shepperd; et al. (2004). Kunderang East Conservation Management Plan.
Thomas, Piers & Lawrance, Caroline (2016). Statement of Heritage Impact - Kunderang East Homestead - replacement of verandah boards, restoration of fence and extension of verandah, paving and roof line of kitchen.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Tourism NSW (2007). "East Kunderang Homestead".
National Parks & Wildlife Service. National Parks & Wildlife Service Section 170 Register.
Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on Kunderang East Pastoral Station, entry number 00996 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 28 May 2018.
External links
Media related to Kunderang East Pastoral Station at Wikimedia Commons | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
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"text": [
"New South Wales"
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Kunderang East Pastoral Station is a heritage-listed former pastoral station at Jeogla, Armidale Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1892 to 1893 by Joe Small. It is also known as Cunderang / Kunderang station or Apsley Gorges. The property is owned by the Office of Environment and Heritage (State Government). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
History
Kunderang East Pastoral Station is located at the eastern edge of the Great Dividing Range near the headwaters of the Manning, Hasting and Macleay Rivers. The land was originally occupied by Aboriginal tribes including the Birpai, Ngaku and the large Thungutti tribe. It seems that the station took its name from a clan of the Thungutti who occupied this area.European invasion came from the fertile tablelands and coastal strip in the 1820s. Cunderang Station was established by Captain George Jobling by 1843, possibly as an outpost for Toorookoo, Jobling's first grant. During this early period a number of Aboriginal massacres occurred on the Kunderang run, while Aboriginal people were staging a resistance to the invasion of their land.Jobling sold his interest in the cattle run in 1854 and between then and 1889, several non-resident owners increased its size to 90,000 acres.In 1889 Joe Fitzgerald and Alec McDonell from Cundletown, near Taree, purchased sections of the Kunderang Run, with the remainder staying with the Crawfords and becoming Kunderang West. At that point Kunderang East Station was established.The existing Kunderang East pastoral station homestead was begun in 1890 with the construction of a three roomed vertical timber plank (locally-cut and sawn) building later used as a kitchen. In 1892, a larger four roomed solid cedar vertical plank house was built and the Fitzgerald family moved in. Soon after the gap between the earlier hut and the new house were infilled to form a dining room. The Fitzgeralds lived there until 1928. The experience of living at Kunderang East was profoundly influenced by its isolation. Although the telephone was installed in 1919, a road into the property was not put through until 1967 with electricity following in 1973. This isolation, while limiting the economic viability of the place as a cattle station, created an environment which gave unique aspects to its cultural history.Between about 1920 and 1969 Kunderang East pastoral station varied in size, but hovered around 100,000 acres as various leases and permissive occupancies were added or forfeited. In addition to the homestead, three remote mustering huts, a restored forge and hayshed and reconstructed set of stockyards comprise the remaining infrastructure within the pastoral station precinct.From 1928 to 1967, Kunderang East was managed by Alec McDonell. In 1967, Kunderang East was sold to Kellion Estates Pty. Ltd. although McDonell remained as the manager until 1973. Road access to the property was established in 1967, and electricity was installed in 1973. The old kitchen section was demolished and a new one built in the same location around this time. Kellion Estates carried out major works on the property from 1967 to 1989, including replacing the kitchen wing and altering the roofscape between the dining room and kitchen wing.The property was acquired by the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service in 1989. Major conservation and restoration works were conducted in the 1990s, restoring the roofscape to its c.1900 form. The Kellion Estates kitchen was demolished and the exterior shell of the kitchen wing substantially reconstructed based on available evidence, with a modern interior. Since acquisition by the NPWS, the homestead has been subject of maintenance works and ongoing assessment of the structures and the historic features in outlying areas of the station.Although various leases changed, the overall size of Kunderang Station remained largely the same throughout its hundred-year operation.The old kitchen wing underwent a change of use in 2008, being converted to a large eat-in kitchen after being used as a caretaker's cottage. The homestead is currently rented out as a commercial accommodation facility where customers access it via a four-wheel drive only access road. This adaptive reuse and associated revenue has assisted in offsetting the cost of site management over the last 20 years.
Description
Station
Kunderang East Pastoral Station forms part of the Oxley Rivers National Park, part of a serial World Heritage Area listing of Gondwana Rainforests. Oxley Rivers NP is one of the largest of the national parks in this listing, particularly important for the extensive areas of dry rainforest that it contains.Between about 1920 and 1969 Kunderang East pastoral station varied in size, but hovered around 100,000 acres as various leases and permissive occupancies were added or forfeited.Kunderang Station is located in the middle reaches of the Macleay River Valley between Armidale and Kempsey. Although downstream of the spectacular cliffed Macleay Gorges, it is nevertheless scenically impressive. The most extensive vegetation is open woodland and dry rainforest in the Top Creek catchment of the north side of the river. The vegetation ranges from typically New England plateau species in higher parts to coastal or lowland species along the valleys. Wildlife is abundant in the area. Kunderdang Station Nature Reserve was incorporated into Oxley Wild Rivers National Park in 1989.Kunderang is representative of an area supporting a diversity in vegetation and scenic gorges. The rugged nature of the topography has left the area in a pristine condition. It marks the eastern border of the New England flora and the western extremity of the coastal vegetation.The pastoral station remains comprise a cleared area west of the Macleay River and otherwise surrounded by forest. Fences skirt the clearing and frame paddocks and the central homestead complex.Edward Fitzgerald's grave is on the station south of the homestead complex. The possible site of Jack Crawford's hut is nearby to this grave.
Homestead complex
In addition to the homestead, three remote mustering huts, a restored forge (south-west of the homestead) and hay or corn shed and reconstructed set of stockyards comprise the remaining infrastructure within the pastoral station precinct. These are in the same area, south-west of the homestead complex.Orchard stables are north-west of the homestead complex.Duval's hut and yards are south of the homestead complex. An Aboriginal stockman's hut is south-west of the homestead complex.
Homestead (1893)
The main house is a four-room vertical red cedar timber plank (locally-cut and sawn) structure which originally had verandahs on all sides and two small rooms built into the south-east and south-west corners of the verandahs. This house replaced an earlier (1890) 3-roomed vertical timber plank hut, which was then converted into its kitchen block.Prior to 1900, a dining room was created by filling in the gap between the house and its original kitchen block (demolished in 1973) and making a breezeway of the verandah of the first kitchen section.Electricity was installed in 1973. At this time, the old kitchen section was demolished and a new one built in the same location.
Condition
As at 15 August 1997, physical condition was reported as good.The homestead is largely intact. The cultural landscape in which the structures are situated remains an intact record of changing land use, retaining many of its original features.
Heritage listing
The cultural significance of Kunderang East, lies in the way its frontier environment made clear the tragic processes of early European settlement and intensified and sharpened the nature of pastoral processes and experiences. It was this frontier where Aboriginal people were forced from the coast and tablelands and where their resistance resulted in massacres on Cunderang. It was also the steep, isolation of the country which earned a reputation for stock and created bush legends of the abilities of stockmen and their abilities. The isolation meant that nineteenth century ways of doing things were carried on well into the twentieth century. It also protected the area from large scale clearing, leaving a landscape largely unchanged in 150 years.The tragedy of early conflicts; the bush legends created out of adversity; and the preservation of a landscape that captures a sense of history and isolation are the legacy of frontier experience that is perhaps more uniquely Australian than more comfortable properties elsewhere. In this way Kunderang East is significant as a symbol for the Australian bush experience.Kunderang East Pastoral Station was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
Kunderang East Station is historically significant because when established in c.1841 as Cunderang it was one of the earliest on the Macleay River. Its history demonstrates the major processes of early European settlement. The existing cedar homestead provides tangible evidence of natural resource exploitation. By the 1840s, cedar had almost disappeared from the northern rivers, that the main house at Kunderang could have been built entirely of cedar in 1892 is testament to its remoteness and inaccessibility. The number of massacres that occurred in the area of Kunderang East were a tragic consequence of the dispossession experienced by Aborigines. Kunderang East has an historical association with prominent persons involved in early settlement including Major A.C Innes, commandant of the penal colony of Port Maquarie who was a business associates of its first owner Captain George Jobling.The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The historic landscape of cleared grassed paddocks surrounding the homestead, ringed by massive mountain ranges is significant because it has changed little since it was the site of the first station huts in c. 1841 and reflects the isolation that occurred historically. The colour and warmth of large areas of red cedar and other unpainted timbers, create an internal ambiance of rare quality. The homestead is architecturally significant as the only known pit sawn Australian red cedar plank house constructed as late as 1892. It is the only one surviving on the coast of New South Wales.The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Kunderang East has special significance for Aboriginal people as the site of many massacres, a result of the dispossession experienced by Aborigines. It also provides tangible evidence of the major contribution that Aboriginal men and women made to the pastoral industry and of the labour arrangements made between the property manager and particular Aboriginal families to supply labour. The homestead also has broader significance for what it demonstrates about changing social customs and multi functional use. Some aspects of Kunderang's history imbue it with cultural significance at least at a state level. The two Aboriginal massacres known to have occurred on Kunderang give this place special significance to Aboriginal people and can be considered therefore to have cultural significance on a state level.The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
Kunderang East is rare in it aesthetic and historic values.
See also
References
Bibliography
Ashley, Geoff (1991). Oxley Wild Rivers National Park Kunderang East Pastoral Station: Draft Conservation Plan.
NPWS. "Kunderang East Pastoral Station".
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (1993). National Parks & Wildlife Service Kunderang Homestead, Oxley Wild Rivers National Park / Heritage Properties Restoration Program.
Shepperd; et al. (2004). Kunderang East Conservation Management Plan.
Thomas, Piers & Lawrance, Caroline (2016). Statement of Heritage Impact - Kunderang East Homestead - replacement of verandah boards, restoration of fence and extension of verandah, paving and roof line of kitchen.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Tourism NSW (2007). "East Kunderang Homestead".
National Parks & Wildlife Service. National Parks & Wildlife Service Section 170 Register.
Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on Kunderang East Pastoral Station, entry number 00996 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 28 May 2018.
External links
Media related to Kunderang East Pastoral Station at Wikimedia Commons | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
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],
"text": [
"Kunderang East Pastoral Station"
]
} |
Sverre Jordan (25 May 1889 – 10 January 1972) was a Norwegian composer, orchestra conductor, and pianist.
Biography
Jordan was born into the family of insurance agent Kaspar Joachim Jordan (1859–1924) and Anne Marie Margrethe Kjærbye (1866–1935) from Denmark. From 1918 to 1949 he was married to the actress Magda Blanc, then in 1949 to actress Nina Sandvik Kristensen (29 March 1920 – 30 October 1996). The family had a significant musical background, and there is a painting with Grandpa Caspar Jordan at the spinet. An aunt of his was a well known pianist in Denmark, but Jordan was not destined to become "the musician" of the family. After middle school graduation at Bergen katedralskole his father wanted him to attend the new trade school in Bergen. Then he worked for some years for the oil company Vestlandske Petroleumskompagni, before his father recognised that music would determine his son's further life. In 1959 he was made a Knight of the 1st order in the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.
Music
In 1906 he made his first composition Nat. He went to Berlin and studied under Teresa Carreño and Conrad Ansorge from 1907 to 1914, and studied composition with Wilhelm Klatte. His piano debut took place in Bergen, 1911. He studied piano with Nina Hagerup (Mrs Grieg), and went on a successful world tour for eight years. He performed as an accompanist with Kirsten Flagstad and Marian Anderson. In 1932, he became musical director of Den Nationale Scene, the theatre in Bergen. He led opera performances and pieces for theatre. In addition, he was conductor of Harmonien, the predecessor of the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra and its associated choir. Here he gave about a hundred concerts. In the meantime, he taught and wrote articles as musical reviewer for Morgenavisen in Bergen. For 50 years (1916–66), he was chairman of the Philharmonic's Music Board of Directors, for several years the Chairman of the program Committee. From the start, he was also in the program Committee and advised for the Bergen International Festival. He was an honorary member of the Bergen Filharmoniske Orkester, and was awarded the gold medal chain in 1966. In the Grieghallen, there is furnished an honorary place for Sverre Jordan.
Works
His body of work consists of approximately 200 opus numbered works divided into over 85 opuses. He further expanded on the Norwegian romance style used by Edvard Grieg and Ole Bull. This makes him somewhat conservative concerning developments within the classical music of the 20th century. While still young he could be characterized as radically innovative.
Theathre music (in selection)
Halte-Hulda (lyriks: B. Bjørnson), op. 20, performed in 1919.
Purpur (lyriks: H. Meidell), op. 24, performed in 1923.
Children's comedy Kari, Mari og Prinsen, op. 48.
Romeo and Juliet (lyriks: W. Shakespeare), op. 55, performed in 1951.
Jean de France (lyriks: L. Holberg) for 4 musicians, op. 62, performed in 1956.
Magritt (lyriks: J. Falkberget/Isefjær), op. 72, performed in 1960.
Orchestral works (in selection)
1911: Suite in the Old Style, op. 4.
1921: Norvegiana, op. 22.
1938: Holberg Silhuoets, op. 39.
1945: Norwegian Suite, op. 47.
1950: Norwegian Rapsody, op. 53.
1953: Three Vals Intermezzi, op. 58.
1959: Festspill Opening, op. 67.
1960: Serenade for Strings, op. 68.
1962: Legend, op. 78.
Lyrical Suite, op. 85.
Solo instruments with orchestra
1945: Piano Concerto no. 1 in E minor, op. 45.
1947: Cellokonserto in D minor, op. 45.
1957; Horn Concerto in C major, op. 63.
1963: Concerto Piccolo for Piano and Orchestra in F major, op. 77.
1966: Fiolinkonsert in G minor, op. 82.
Vocals with orchestra (in selection)
1917: Feberdigte (lyriks: K. Hamsun), op. 13.
1928: Norge (lyriks: N. Grieg), Cantata for soloists, choir and Orchestra, op. 32.
1957: Kongen (lyriks: N. Grieg), melodrama for choir and Orchestra, op. 64.
Chamber music
1917: Sonata no. 1 in G minor for Violin and Piano, op. 16.
1955: Sonatina for Flaute and Piano, op. 61.
1958: Trio no. 1 for Piano, Violin and Cello in F major, op. 65.
1963: Trio no. 2 in C minor, op. 76.
1960: Strykekvartett in A minor, op. 71.
Piano concerts (in selection)
1963: Sonata in G minor, op. 79.
Choir works
2 Sange for blandet kor, op. 17
2 Sange for mannskor, op. 28
2 mannskorsanger, op. 49
2 Sange for mannskor, op. 59
2 åndelige sange for kor, op. 74
Flagget for blandet kor, op. 84
Bibliography
1954: Edvard Grieg, an overview of his life and work.
1973: Fra et langt kunstnerliv (auto biography).
Concert
30 October 1911: Concert with Cally Monrad, in the theatre of Stavanger with works of Jordan.
References
External links
Biography at Norsk Biografisk Leksikon
Foto
Flagstad met Jordan | place of birth | {
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Sverre Jordan (25 May 1889 – 10 January 1972) was a Norwegian composer, orchestra conductor, and pianist.
Biography
Jordan was born into the family of insurance agent Kaspar Joachim Jordan (1859–1924) and Anne Marie Margrethe Kjærbye (1866–1935) from Denmark. From 1918 to 1949 he was married to the actress Magda Blanc, then in 1949 to actress Nina Sandvik Kristensen (29 March 1920 – 30 October 1996). The family had a significant musical background, and there is a painting with Grandpa Caspar Jordan at the spinet. An aunt of his was a well known pianist in Denmark, but Jordan was not destined to become "the musician" of the family. After middle school graduation at Bergen katedralskole his father wanted him to attend the new trade school in Bergen. Then he worked for some years for the oil company Vestlandske Petroleumskompagni, before his father recognised that music would determine his son's further life. In 1959 he was made a Knight of the 1st order in the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.
Music
In 1906 he made his first composition Nat. He went to Berlin and studied under Teresa Carreño and Conrad Ansorge from 1907 to 1914, and studied composition with Wilhelm Klatte. His piano debut took place in Bergen, 1911. He studied piano with Nina Hagerup (Mrs Grieg), and went on a successful world tour for eight years. He performed as an accompanist with Kirsten Flagstad and Marian Anderson. In 1932, he became musical director of Den Nationale Scene, the theatre in Bergen. He led opera performances and pieces for theatre. In addition, he was conductor of Harmonien, the predecessor of the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra and its associated choir. Here he gave about a hundred concerts. In the meantime, he taught and wrote articles as musical reviewer for Morgenavisen in Bergen. For 50 years (1916–66), he was chairman of the Philharmonic's Music Board of Directors, for several years the Chairman of the program Committee. From the start, he was also in the program Committee and advised for the Bergen International Festival. He was an honorary member of the Bergen Filharmoniske Orkester, and was awarded the gold medal chain in 1966. In the Grieghallen, there is furnished an honorary place for Sverre Jordan.
Works
His body of work consists of approximately 200 opus numbered works divided into over 85 opuses. He further expanded on the Norwegian romance style used by Edvard Grieg and Ole Bull. This makes him somewhat conservative concerning developments within the classical music of the 20th century. While still young he could be characterized as radically innovative.
Theathre music (in selection)
Halte-Hulda (lyriks: B. Bjørnson), op. 20, performed in 1919.
Purpur (lyriks: H. Meidell), op. 24, performed in 1923.
Children's comedy Kari, Mari og Prinsen, op. 48.
Romeo and Juliet (lyriks: W. Shakespeare), op. 55, performed in 1951.
Jean de France (lyriks: L. Holberg) for 4 musicians, op. 62, performed in 1956.
Magritt (lyriks: J. Falkberget/Isefjær), op. 72, performed in 1960.
Orchestral works (in selection)
1911: Suite in the Old Style, op. 4.
1921: Norvegiana, op. 22.
1938: Holberg Silhuoets, op. 39.
1945: Norwegian Suite, op. 47.
1950: Norwegian Rapsody, op. 53.
1953: Three Vals Intermezzi, op. 58.
1959: Festspill Opening, op. 67.
1960: Serenade for Strings, op. 68.
1962: Legend, op. 78.
Lyrical Suite, op. 85.
Solo instruments with orchestra
1945: Piano Concerto no. 1 in E minor, op. 45.
1947: Cellokonserto in D minor, op. 45.
1957; Horn Concerto in C major, op. 63.
1963: Concerto Piccolo for Piano and Orchestra in F major, op. 77.
1966: Fiolinkonsert in G minor, op. 82.
Vocals with orchestra (in selection)
1917: Feberdigte (lyriks: K. Hamsun), op. 13.
1928: Norge (lyriks: N. Grieg), Cantata for soloists, choir and Orchestra, op. 32.
1957: Kongen (lyriks: N. Grieg), melodrama for choir and Orchestra, op. 64.
Chamber music
1917: Sonata no. 1 in G minor for Violin and Piano, op. 16.
1955: Sonatina for Flaute and Piano, op. 61.
1958: Trio no. 1 for Piano, Violin and Cello in F major, op. 65.
1963: Trio no. 2 in C minor, op. 76.
1960: Strykekvartett in A minor, op. 71.
Piano concerts (in selection)
1963: Sonata in G minor, op. 79.
Choir works
2 Sange for blandet kor, op. 17
2 Sange for mannskor, op. 28
2 mannskorsanger, op. 49
2 Sange for mannskor, op. 59
2 åndelige sange for kor, op. 74
Flagget for blandet kor, op. 84
Bibliography
1954: Edvard Grieg, an overview of his life and work.
1973: Fra et langt kunstnerliv (auto biography).
Concert
30 October 1911: Concert with Cally Monrad, in the theatre of Stavanger with works of Jordan.
References
External links
Biography at Norsk Biografisk Leksikon
Foto
Flagstad met Jordan | place of death | {
"answer_start": [
674
],
"text": [
"Bergen"
]
} |
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