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Neptunea aurigena is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.
Description
Distribution
== References ==
|
taxon rank
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Neptunea aurigena is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.
Description
Distribution
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
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0
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"text": [
"Neptunea"
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Neptunea aurigena is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.
Description
Distribution
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Neptunea aurigena"
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The Jewish Observer was an American Orthodox Jewish magazine published by the Agudath Israel of America, from 1963 until 2009. It was put on "hiatus" in 2009, with plans to restart once the finances of the magazine, affected by the economic crisis, were figured out. As of 2019, it has not published any new issues since its 2009 hiatus.
The magazine generally presented a haredi viewpoint. Published since 1963, it was printed nine months a year; the January and February issues were combined, and there were no issues in July or August. The magazine's website contains downloadable PDF copies of most issues while the website of the Lefkowitz Leadership Institute contains PDF files of every single issue since 1963.
It was founded by Ernst L. Bodenheimer and Moshe Sherer, and the Editor for the first seven seasons was Nachman Bulman and from then until it ended publication was Nisson Wolpin.
Contributors to the Jewish Observer included Avi Shafran, Zalman I. Posner, Mendel Weinbach, Nosson Scherman, Aaron Twerski, Aryeh Kaplan, Jonathan Rosenblum, Bernard Fryshman, Yitzchok Adlerstein, Yakov Horowitz and Yitzchok Lowenbraun. The magazine ceased operations in 2010.
References
External links
Agudah Official Complete digitized archives from 1963 onwards
Archive.org PDF Archive 1973 to 2005Shema Yisroel website PDF thumbnails 2002-2006
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
52
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"text": [
"magazine"
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|
The Jewish Observer was an American Orthodox Jewish magazine published by the Agudath Israel of America, from 1963 until 2009. It was put on "hiatus" in 2009, with plans to restart once the finances of the magazine, affected by the economic crisis, were figured out. As of 2019, it has not published any new issues since its 2009 hiatus.
The magazine generally presented a haredi viewpoint. Published since 1963, it was printed nine months a year; the January and February issues were combined, and there were no issues in July or August. The magazine's website contains downloadable PDF copies of most issues while the website of the Lefkowitz Leadership Institute contains PDF files of every single issue since 1963.
It was founded by Ernst L. Bodenheimer and Moshe Sherer, and the Editor for the first seven seasons was Nachman Bulman and from then until it ended publication was Nisson Wolpin.
Contributors to the Jewish Observer included Avi Shafran, Zalman I. Posner, Mendel Weinbach, Nosson Scherman, Aaron Twerski, Aryeh Kaplan, Jonathan Rosenblum, Bernard Fryshman, Yitzchok Adlerstein, Yakov Horowitz and Yitzchok Lowenbraun. The magazine ceased operations in 2010.
References
External links
Agudah Official Complete digitized archives from 1963 onwards
Archive.org PDF Archive 1973 to 2005Shema Yisroel website PDF thumbnails 2002-2006
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"The Jewish Observer"
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Mark Juergensmeyer (born 1940 in Carlinville, Illinois) is an American sociologist and scholar specialized in global studies and religious studies, and a writer best known for his studies on comparative religion, religious violence, and global religion. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Global Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and William F. Podlich Distinguished Fellow and Professor of Religious Studies at Claremont McKenna College.Juergensmeyer is regarded as an expert on religious violence, conflict resolution, and South Asian religion and politics and has published thirty books and over 300 articles. He has been a frequent commentator on news programs, especially after 9/11.
Career
Juergensmeyer received a B.A. in philosophy from the University of Illinois in 1962, a M.Div. from the Union Theological Seminary, New York in 1965, and a Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1974. He has also done graduate work in international relations at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University. He is married to the University of California, Santa Barbara emerita professor Sucheng Chan.
Publications
His early books were on religion and social change in South Asia, including Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab, and Radhasoami Reality: the Logic of a Modern Faith. With John Stratton Hawley, he co-translated a book of medieval Indian poetry, Songs of the Saints of India. His book on Gandhian conflict resolution was originally published as Fighting with Gandhi and republished as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution.
In the 1990s, he turned toward the issue of religion and violence around the world. The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State was cited by The New York Times as a notable book of the year in 1995. It has been revised and republished as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State.
In 2001, he published Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, a comparative study of religious terrorism. It was named as a notable book of the year by The Washington Post. The revised fourth edition was published in 2017. This book introduced the concepts of "cosmic war" and "performance violence" as central to religious-related terrorism.A book based on a five-year Luce Foundation-funded project surveying the changing role of religion in global society was published as God in the Tumult of the Global Square (co-authored with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). In 2019, Oxford University Press published a book based on lectures given by Juergensmeyer at Princeton and Muenster, God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. A five-year project funded by Uppsala University, Sweden, resulted in a publication on how jihadi terrorist movements terminate, When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends (2022).
Positions held
Juergensmeyer taught at the University of California, Berkeley for fifteen years in a joint position as coordinator of religious studies for UC Berkeley and director of the Office of Programs in Comparative Religion at the Graduate Theological Union (1974–89); at the University of Hawaiʻi, he was founding dean of the School of Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Studies (1989–93); and later, he taught at the University of California, Santa Barbara (1993–2021), where he was founding director of the global and international studies program and the Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies. After retirement, he accepted a temporary position at Claremont McKenna College.
He has also taught at Punjab University, Chandigarh, India, and the University of California, Santa Cruz, and was a research scholar at Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. He has been a professor in residence at Emory University, Muenster University in Germany, and the University of Miami.
Awards and honors
Juergensmeyer is the 2003 recipient of the Grawemeyer Award for contributions to the study of religion, and was elected president of the American Academy of Religion for 2008-09. He was a Fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC in 1988-89 and has been the recipient of fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, the U.S. Institute of Peace, and the American Institute for Indian Studies. Juergensmeyer has received honorary doctorate degrees from Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, Dayalbagh Educational Institute in India, and Roskilde University in Denmark, and the Silver Medal from Spain's Queen Sofia Center for the Study of Violence. In 2019, he was named the year's Distinguished Scholar by the Religion and International Affairs section of the International Studies Association.
See also
Manav Dayal I.C.Sharma
Bhagat Munshi Ram
Baba Faqir Chand
References
Selected bibliography
When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends. Oakland: University of California, Press, forthcoming in 2022
Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley: University of California, Press, 2000; fourth ed, 2017. Also in Indian, Spanish, Italian, French, Japanese, German, and Indonesian editions.
The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Also in German, Spanish, Indian, Japanese, Indonesian, and Turkish editions. Revised expanded edition published as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. Also in German and Russian editions
God in the Tumult of the Global Square: Religion in Global Civil Society (with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015.
God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Also in German edition by Herder Verlag, 2019.
Fighting With Gandhi. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1984. Revised edition published as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Also Indian, German, and Chinese editions.
Songs of the Saints of India. (Co-translator with John Stratton Hawley). New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Also in Indian edition.
Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Revised expanded edition forthcoming
Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. Revised India edition published as Religious Rebels in the Punjab: The Ad Dharm Challenge to Caste, Delhi: Navayana Publishing, 2009.
The Oxford Handbook of Religion (editor). New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Rethinking Secularism (co-editor with Craig Calhoun and Jonathan VanAntwerpen). New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies (co-editor with Manfred Steger and Saskia Sasken). New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
External links
Official website
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
33
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"text": [
"Carlinville"
]
}
|
Mark Juergensmeyer (born 1940 in Carlinville, Illinois) is an American sociologist and scholar specialized in global studies and religious studies, and a writer best known for his studies on comparative religion, religious violence, and global religion. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Global Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and William F. Podlich Distinguished Fellow and Professor of Religious Studies at Claremont McKenna College.Juergensmeyer is regarded as an expert on religious violence, conflict resolution, and South Asian religion and politics and has published thirty books and over 300 articles. He has been a frequent commentator on news programs, especially after 9/11.
Career
Juergensmeyer received a B.A. in philosophy from the University of Illinois in 1962, a M.Div. from the Union Theological Seminary, New York in 1965, and a Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1974. He has also done graduate work in international relations at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University. He is married to the University of California, Santa Barbara emerita professor Sucheng Chan.
Publications
His early books were on religion and social change in South Asia, including Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab, and Radhasoami Reality: the Logic of a Modern Faith. With John Stratton Hawley, he co-translated a book of medieval Indian poetry, Songs of the Saints of India. His book on Gandhian conflict resolution was originally published as Fighting with Gandhi and republished as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution.
In the 1990s, he turned toward the issue of religion and violence around the world. The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State was cited by The New York Times as a notable book of the year in 1995. It has been revised and republished as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State.
In 2001, he published Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, a comparative study of religious terrorism. It was named as a notable book of the year by The Washington Post. The revised fourth edition was published in 2017. This book introduced the concepts of "cosmic war" and "performance violence" as central to religious-related terrorism.A book based on a five-year Luce Foundation-funded project surveying the changing role of religion in global society was published as God in the Tumult of the Global Square (co-authored with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). In 2019, Oxford University Press published a book based on lectures given by Juergensmeyer at Princeton and Muenster, God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. A five-year project funded by Uppsala University, Sweden, resulted in a publication on how jihadi terrorist movements terminate, When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends (2022).
Positions held
Juergensmeyer taught at the University of California, Berkeley for fifteen years in a joint position as coordinator of religious studies for UC Berkeley and director of the Office of Programs in Comparative Religion at the Graduate Theological Union (1974–89); at the University of Hawaiʻi, he was founding dean of the School of Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Studies (1989–93); and later, he taught at the University of California, Santa Barbara (1993–2021), where he was founding director of the global and international studies program and the Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies. After retirement, he accepted a temporary position at Claremont McKenna College.
He has also taught at Punjab University, Chandigarh, India, and the University of California, Santa Cruz, and was a research scholar at Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. He has been a professor in residence at Emory University, Muenster University in Germany, and the University of Miami.
Awards and honors
Juergensmeyer is the 2003 recipient of the Grawemeyer Award for contributions to the study of religion, and was elected president of the American Academy of Religion for 2008-09. He was a Fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC in 1988-89 and has been the recipient of fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, the U.S. Institute of Peace, and the American Institute for Indian Studies. Juergensmeyer has received honorary doctorate degrees from Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, Dayalbagh Educational Institute in India, and Roskilde University in Denmark, and the Silver Medal from Spain's Queen Sofia Center for the Study of Violence. In 2019, he was named the year's Distinguished Scholar by the Religion and International Affairs section of the International Studies Association.
See also
Manav Dayal I.C.Sharma
Bhagat Munshi Ram
Baba Faqir Chand
References
Selected bibliography
When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends. Oakland: University of California, Press, forthcoming in 2022
Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley: University of California, Press, 2000; fourth ed, 2017. Also in Indian, Spanish, Italian, French, Japanese, German, and Indonesian editions.
The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Also in German, Spanish, Indian, Japanese, Indonesian, and Turkish editions. Revised expanded edition published as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. Also in German and Russian editions
God in the Tumult of the Global Square: Religion in Global Civil Society (with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015.
God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Also in German edition by Herder Verlag, 2019.
Fighting With Gandhi. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1984. Revised edition published as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Also Indian, German, and Chinese editions.
Songs of the Saints of India. (Co-translator with John Stratton Hawley). New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Also in Indian edition.
Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Revised expanded edition forthcoming
Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. Revised India edition published as Religious Rebels in the Punjab: The Ad Dharm Challenge to Caste, Delhi: Navayana Publishing, 2009.
The Oxford Handbook of Religion (editor). New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Rethinking Secularism (co-editor with Craig Calhoun and Jonathan VanAntwerpen). New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies (co-editor with Manfred Steger and Saskia Sasken). New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
External links
Official website
|
educated at
|
{
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843
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"Union Theological Seminary"
]
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|
Mark Juergensmeyer (born 1940 in Carlinville, Illinois) is an American sociologist and scholar specialized in global studies and religious studies, and a writer best known for his studies on comparative religion, religious violence, and global religion. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Global Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and William F. Podlich Distinguished Fellow and Professor of Religious Studies at Claremont McKenna College.Juergensmeyer is regarded as an expert on religious violence, conflict resolution, and South Asian religion and politics and has published thirty books and over 300 articles. He has been a frequent commentator on news programs, especially after 9/11.
Career
Juergensmeyer received a B.A. in philosophy from the University of Illinois in 1962, a M.Div. from the Union Theological Seminary, New York in 1965, and a Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1974. He has also done graduate work in international relations at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University. He is married to the University of California, Santa Barbara emerita professor Sucheng Chan.
Publications
His early books were on religion and social change in South Asia, including Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab, and Radhasoami Reality: the Logic of a Modern Faith. With John Stratton Hawley, he co-translated a book of medieval Indian poetry, Songs of the Saints of India. His book on Gandhian conflict resolution was originally published as Fighting with Gandhi and republished as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution.
In the 1990s, he turned toward the issue of religion and violence around the world. The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State was cited by The New York Times as a notable book of the year in 1995. It has been revised and republished as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State.
In 2001, he published Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, a comparative study of religious terrorism. It was named as a notable book of the year by The Washington Post. The revised fourth edition was published in 2017. This book introduced the concepts of "cosmic war" and "performance violence" as central to religious-related terrorism.A book based on a five-year Luce Foundation-funded project surveying the changing role of religion in global society was published as God in the Tumult of the Global Square (co-authored with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). In 2019, Oxford University Press published a book based on lectures given by Juergensmeyer at Princeton and Muenster, God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. A five-year project funded by Uppsala University, Sweden, resulted in a publication on how jihadi terrorist movements terminate, When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends (2022).
Positions held
Juergensmeyer taught at the University of California, Berkeley for fifteen years in a joint position as coordinator of religious studies for UC Berkeley and director of the Office of Programs in Comparative Religion at the Graduate Theological Union (1974–89); at the University of Hawaiʻi, he was founding dean of the School of Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Studies (1989–93); and later, he taught at the University of California, Santa Barbara (1993–2021), where he was founding director of the global and international studies program and the Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies. After retirement, he accepted a temporary position at Claremont McKenna College.
He has also taught at Punjab University, Chandigarh, India, and the University of California, Santa Cruz, and was a research scholar at Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. He has been a professor in residence at Emory University, Muenster University in Germany, and the University of Miami.
Awards and honors
Juergensmeyer is the 2003 recipient of the Grawemeyer Award for contributions to the study of religion, and was elected president of the American Academy of Religion for 2008-09. He was a Fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC in 1988-89 and has been the recipient of fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, the U.S. Institute of Peace, and the American Institute for Indian Studies. Juergensmeyer has received honorary doctorate degrees from Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, Dayalbagh Educational Institute in India, and Roskilde University in Denmark, and the Silver Medal from Spain's Queen Sofia Center for the Study of Violence. In 2019, he was named the year's Distinguished Scholar by the Religion and International Affairs section of the International Studies Association.
See also
Manav Dayal I.C.Sharma
Bhagat Munshi Ram
Baba Faqir Chand
References
Selected bibliography
When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends. Oakland: University of California, Press, forthcoming in 2022
Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley: University of California, Press, 2000; fourth ed, 2017. Also in Indian, Spanish, Italian, French, Japanese, German, and Indonesian editions.
The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Also in German, Spanish, Indian, Japanese, Indonesian, and Turkish editions. Revised expanded edition published as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. Also in German and Russian editions
God in the Tumult of the Global Square: Religion in Global Civil Society (with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015.
God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Also in German edition by Herder Verlag, 2019.
Fighting With Gandhi. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1984. Revised edition published as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Also Indian, German, and Chinese editions.
Songs of the Saints of India. (Co-translator with John Stratton Hawley). New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Also in Indian edition.
Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Revised expanded edition forthcoming
Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. Revised India edition published as Religious Rebels in the Punjab: The Ad Dharm Challenge to Caste, Delhi: Navayana Publishing, 2009.
The Oxford Handbook of Religion (editor). New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Rethinking Secularism (co-editor with Craig Calhoun and Jonathan VanAntwerpen). New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies (co-editor with Manfred Steger and Saskia Sasken). New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
External links
Official website
|
employer
|
{
"answer_start": [
332
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"text": [
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]
}
|
Mark Juergensmeyer (born 1940 in Carlinville, Illinois) is an American sociologist and scholar specialized in global studies and religious studies, and a writer best known for his studies on comparative religion, religious violence, and global religion. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Global Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and William F. Podlich Distinguished Fellow and Professor of Religious Studies at Claremont McKenna College.Juergensmeyer is regarded as an expert on religious violence, conflict resolution, and South Asian religion and politics and has published thirty books and over 300 articles. He has been a frequent commentator on news programs, especially after 9/11.
Career
Juergensmeyer received a B.A. in philosophy from the University of Illinois in 1962, a M.Div. from the Union Theological Seminary, New York in 1965, and a Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1974. He has also done graduate work in international relations at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University. He is married to the University of California, Santa Barbara emerita professor Sucheng Chan.
Publications
His early books were on religion and social change in South Asia, including Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab, and Radhasoami Reality: the Logic of a Modern Faith. With John Stratton Hawley, he co-translated a book of medieval Indian poetry, Songs of the Saints of India. His book on Gandhian conflict resolution was originally published as Fighting with Gandhi and republished as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution.
In the 1990s, he turned toward the issue of religion and violence around the world. The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State was cited by The New York Times as a notable book of the year in 1995. It has been revised and republished as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State.
In 2001, he published Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, a comparative study of religious terrorism. It was named as a notable book of the year by The Washington Post. The revised fourth edition was published in 2017. This book introduced the concepts of "cosmic war" and "performance violence" as central to religious-related terrorism.A book based on a five-year Luce Foundation-funded project surveying the changing role of religion in global society was published as God in the Tumult of the Global Square (co-authored with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). In 2019, Oxford University Press published a book based on lectures given by Juergensmeyer at Princeton and Muenster, God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. A five-year project funded by Uppsala University, Sweden, resulted in a publication on how jihadi terrorist movements terminate, When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends (2022).
Positions held
Juergensmeyer taught at the University of California, Berkeley for fifteen years in a joint position as coordinator of religious studies for UC Berkeley and director of the Office of Programs in Comparative Religion at the Graduate Theological Union (1974–89); at the University of Hawaiʻi, he was founding dean of the School of Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Studies (1989–93); and later, he taught at the University of California, Santa Barbara (1993–2021), where he was founding director of the global and international studies program and the Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies. After retirement, he accepted a temporary position at Claremont McKenna College.
He has also taught at Punjab University, Chandigarh, India, and the University of California, Santa Cruz, and was a research scholar at Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. He has been a professor in residence at Emory University, Muenster University in Germany, and the University of Miami.
Awards and honors
Juergensmeyer is the 2003 recipient of the Grawemeyer Award for contributions to the study of religion, and was elected president of the American Academy of Religion for 2008-09. He was a Fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC in 1988-89 and has been the recipient of fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, the U.S. Institute of Peace, and the American Institute for Indian Studies. Juergensmeyer has received honorary doctorate degrees from Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, Dayalbagh Educational Institute in India, and Roskilde University in Denmark, and the Silver Medal from Spain's Queen Sofia Center for the Study of Violence. In 2019, he was named the year's Distinguished Scholar by the Religion and International Affairs section of the International Studies Association.
See also
Manav Dayal I.C.Sharma
Bhagat Munshi Ram
Baba Faqir Chand
References
Selected bibliography
When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends. Oakland: University of California, Press, forthcoming in 2022
Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley: University of California, Press, 2000; fourth ed, 2017. Also in Indian, Spanish, Italian, French, Japanese, German, and Indonesian editions.
The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Also in German, Spanish, Indian, Japanese, Indonesian, and Turkish editions. Revised expanded edition published as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. Also in German and Russian editions
God in the Tumult of the Global Square: Religion in Global Civil Society (with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015.
God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Also in German edition by Herder Verlag, 2019.
Fighting With Gandhi. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1984. Revised edition published as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Also Indian, German, and Chinese editions.
Songs of the Saints of India. (Co-translator with John Stratton Hawley). New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Also in Indian edition.
Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Revised expanded edition forthcoming
Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. Revised India edition published as Religious Rebels in the Punjab: The Ad Dharm Challenge to Caste, Delhi: Navayana Publishing, 2009.
The Oxford Handbook of Religion (editor). New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Rethinking Secularism (co-editor with Craig Calhoun and Jonathan VanAntwerpen). New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies (co-editor with Manfred Steger and Saskia Sasken). New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
External links
Official website
|
award received
|
{
"answer_start": [
4032
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"text": [
"Grawemeyer Award"
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}
|
Mark Juergensmeyer (born 1940 in Carlinville, Illinois) is an American sociologist and scholar specialized in global studies and religious studies, and a writer best known for his studies on comparative religion, religious violence, and global religion. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Global Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and William F. Podlich Distinguished Fellow and Professor of Religious Studies at Claremont McKenna College.Juergensmeyer is regarded as an expert on religious violence, conflict resolution, and South Asian religion and politics and has published thirty books and over 300 articles. He has been a frequent commentator on news programs, especially after 9/11.
Career
Juergensmeyer received a B.A. in philosophy from the University of Illinois in 1962, a M.Div. from the Union Theological Seminary, New York in 1965, and a Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1974. He has also done graduate work in international relations at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University. He is married to the University of California, Santa Barbara emerita professor Sucheng Chan.
Publications
His early books were on religion and social change in South Asia, including Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab, and Radhasoami Reality: the Logic of a Modern Faith. With John Stratton Hawley, he co-translated a book of medieval Indian poetry, Songs of the Saints of India. His book on Gandhian conflict resolution was originally published as Fighting with Gandhi and republished as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution.
In the 1990s, he turned toward the issue of religion and violence around the world. The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State was cited by The New York Times as a notable book of the year in 1995. It has been revised and republished as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State.
In 2001, he published Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, a comparative study of religious terrorism. It was named as a notable book of the year by The Washington Post. The revised fourth edition was published in 2017. This book introduced the concepts of "cosmic war" and "performance violence" as central to religious-related terrorism.A book based on a five-year Luce Foundation-funded project surveying the changing role of religion in global society was published as God in the Tumult of the Global Square (co-authored with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). In 2019, Oxford University Press published a book based on lectures given by Juergensmeyer at Princeton and Muenster, God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. A five-year project funded by Uppsala University, Sweden, resulted in a publication on how jihadi terrorist movements terminate, When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends (2022).
Positions held
Juergensmeyer taught at the University of California, Berkeley for fifteen years in a joint position as coordinator of religious studies for UC Berkeley and director of the Office of Programs in Comparative Religion at the Graduate Theological Union (1974–89); at the University of Hawaiʻi, he was founding dean of the School of Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Studies (1989–93); and later, he taught at the University of California, Santa Barbara (1993–2021), where he was founding director of the global and international studies program and the Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies. After retirement, he accepted a temporary position at Claremont McKenna College.
He has also taught at Punjab University, Chandigarh, India, and the University of California, Santa Cruz, and was a research scholar at Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. He has been a professor in residence at Emory University, Muenster University in Germany, and the University of Miami.
Awards and honors
Juergensmeyer is the 2003 recipient of the Grawemeyer Award for contributions to the study of religion, and was elected president of the American Academy of Religion for 2008-09. He was a Fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC in 1988-89 and has been the recipient of fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, the U.S. Institute of Peace, and the American Institute for Indian Studies. Juergensmeyer has received honorary doctorate degrees from Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, Dayalbagh Educational Institute in India, and Roskilde University in Denmark, and the Silver Medal from Spain's Queen Sofia Center for the Study of Violence. In 2019, he was named the year's Distinguished Scholar by the Religion and International Affairs section of the International Studies Association.
See also
Manav Dayal I.C.Sharma
Bhagat Munshi Ram
Baba Faqir Chand
References
Selected bibliography
When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends. Oakland: University of California, Press, forthcoming in 2022
Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley: University of California, Press, 2000; fourth ed, 2017. Also in Indian, Spanish, Italian, French, Japanese, German, and Indonesian editions.
The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Also in German, Spanish, Indian, Japanese, Indonesian, and Turkish editions. Revised expanded edition published as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. Also in German and Russian editions
God in the Tumult of the Global Square: Religion in Global Civil Society (with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015.
God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Also in German edition by Herder Verlag, 2019.
Fighting With Gandhi. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1984. Revised edition published as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Also Indian, German, and Chinese editions.
Songs of the Saints of India. (Co-translator with John Stratton Hawley). New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Also in Indian edition.
Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Revised expanded edition forthcoming
Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. Revised India edition published as Religious Rebels in the Punjab: The Ad Dharm Challenge to Caste, Delhi: Navayana Publishing, 2009.
The Oxford Handbook of Religion (editor). New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Rethinking Secularism (co-editor with Craig Calhoun and Jonathan VanAntwerpen). New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies (co-editor with Manfred Steger and Saskia Sasken). New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
External links
Official website
|
given name
|
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Acacia binervia, commonly known as the coast myall, is a wattle native to New South Wales and Victoria. It can grow as a shrub or as a tree reaching 16 m in height. This plant is reportedly toxic to livestock as the foliage (phyllodes) contain a glucoside which can produce hydrogen cyanide if cut.
Taxonomy
German botanist Johann Christoph Wendland first described this species as Mimosa binervia in 1798, before American botanist James Francis Macbride reclassified it in the genus Acacia in 1919. Common names include coast myall and rosewood. Acacia glaucescens is an illegitimate name.
Description
Acacia binervia grows as a shrub to small tree anywhere from 2 to 16 m (6.6 to 52.5 ft) high. The bark is dark brown to grey in colour, and the elliptic to sickle-shaped (falcate) phyllodes are 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) in length and 0.5–2.3 cm (0.20–0.91 in) wide. The cylindrical yellow flowers appear in spring (August to October). Flowering is followed by the development of 6–8 cm long seed pods, which are ripe by December.
Distribution and habitat
Acacia binervia is found in central New South Wales from the Hunter Region south, and to Bungonia in the southwest, and continuing south into Victoria. In the Sydney basin, it grows on a variety of soils and associated plant communities—alluvial soils, sandstone-, shale- or trachyte-based soils, generally with good drainage. It grows in dry sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as yellow bloodwood (Corymbia eximia), grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata), narrow-leaved ironbark (E. crebra), mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon), or more open woodland with narrow-leaved ironbark and black cypress pine (Callitris endlicheri), and riparian (riverbank) forest with river peppermint (E. elata) and gossamer wattle (Acacia floribunda).
Ecology
Acacia binervia regenerates from bushfire by a soil-borne seedbank, the seeds germinate and grow after fire while adult plants are killed. The frequency of fire for the cycle to persist is anywhere from 10 to 50 years. It is useful to bees in the honey industry.
Cultural significance
For the Dharawal people, the flowering of Acacia binervia was used as a seasonal indicator of the presence of fish in bays and estuaries.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
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|
Acacia binervia, commonly known as the coast myall, is a wattle native to New South Wales and Victoria. It can grow as a shrub or as a tree reaching 16 m in height. This plant is reportedly toxic to livestock as the foliage (phyllodes) contain a glucoside which can produce hydrogen cyanide if cut.
Taxonomy
German botanist Johann Christoph Wendland first described this species as Mimosa binervia in 1798, before American botanist James Francis Macbride reclassified it in the genus Acacia in 1919. Common names include coast myall and rosewood. Acacia glaucescens is an illegitimate name.
Description
Acacia binervia grows as a shrub to small tree anywhere from 2 to 16 m (6.6 to 52.5 ft) high. The bark is dark brown to grey in colour, and the elliptic to sickle-shaped (falcate) phyllodes are 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) in length and 0.5–2.3 cm (0.20–0.91 in) wide. The cylindrical yellow flowers appear in spring (August to October). Flowering is followed by the development of 6–8 cm long seed pods, which are ripe by December.
Distribution and habitat
Acacia binervia is found in central New South Wales from the Hunter Region south, and to Bungonia in the southwest, and continuing south into Victoria. In the Sydney basin, it grows on a variety of soils and associated plant communities—alluvial soils, sandstone-, shale- or trachyte-based soils, generally with good drainage. It grows in dry sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as yellow bloodwood (Corymbia eximia), grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata), narrow-leaved ironbark (E. crebra), mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon), or more open woodland with narrow-leaved ironbark and black cypress pine (Callitris endlicheri), and riparian (riverbank) forest with river peppermint (E. elata) and gossamer wattle (Acacia floribunda).
Ecology
Acacia binervia regenerates from bushfire by a soil-borne seedbank, the seeds germinate and grow after fire while adult plants are killed. The frequency of fire for the cycle to persist is anywhere from 10 to 50 years. It is useful to bees in the honey industry.
Cultural significance
For the Dharawal people, the flowering of Acacia binervia was used as a seasonal indicator of the presence of fish in bays and estuaries.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
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|
Acacia binervia, commonly known as the coast myall, is a wattle native to New South Wales and Victoria. It can grow as a shrub or as a tree reaching 16 m in height. This plant is reportedly toxic to livestock as the foliage (phyllodes) contain a glucoside which can produce hydrogen cyanide if cut.
Taxonomy
German botanist Johann Christoph Wendland first described this species as Mimosa binervia in 1798, before American botanist James Francis Macbride reclassified it in the genus Acacia in 1919. Common names include coast myall and rosewood. Acacia glaucescens is an illegitimate name.
Description
Acacia binervia grows as a shrub to small tree anywhere from 2 to 16 m (6.6 to 52.5 ft) high. The bark is dark brown to grey in colour, and the elliptic to sickle-shaped (falcate) phyllodes are 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) in length and 0.5–2.3 cm (0.20–0.91 in) wide. The cylindrical yellow flowers appear in spring (August to October). Flowering is followed by the development of 6–8 cm long seed pods, which are ripe by December.
Distribution and habitat
Acacia binervia is found in central New South Wales from the Hunter Region south, and to Bungonia in the southwest, and continuing south into Victoria. In the Sydney basin, it grows on a variety of soils and associated plant communities—alluvial soils, sandstone-, shale- or trachyte-based soils, generally with good drainage. It grows in dry sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as yellow bloodwood (Corymbia eximia), grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata), narrow-leaved ironbark (E. crebra), mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon), or more open woodland with narrow-leaved ironbark and black cypress pine (Callitris endlicheri), and riparian (riverbank) forest with river peppermint (E. elata) and gossamer wattle (Acacia floribunda).
Ecology
Acacia binervia regenerates from bushfire by a soil-borne seedbank, the seeds germinate and grow after fire while adult plants are killed. The frequency of fire for the cycle to persist is anywhere from 10 to 50 years. It is useful to bees in the honey industry.
Cultural significance
For the Dharawal people, the flowering of Acacia binervia was used as a seasonal indicator of the presence of fish in bays and estuaries.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Acacia binervia"
]
}
|
Acacia binervia, commonly known as the coast myall, is a wattle native to New South Wales and Victoria. It can grow as a shrub or as a tree reaching 16 m in height. This plant is reportedly toxic to livestock as the foliage (phyllodes) contain a glucoside which can produce hydrogen cyanide if cut.
Taxonomy
German botanist Johann Christoph Wendland first described this species as Mimosa binervia in 1798, before American botanist James Francis Macbride reclassified it in the genus Acacia in 1919. Common names include coast myall and rosewood. Acacia glaucescens is an illegitimate name.
Description
Acacia binervia grows as a shrub to small tree anywhere from 2 to 16 m (6.6 to 52.5 ft) high. The bark is dark brown to grey in colour, and the elliptic to sickle-shaped (falcate) phyllodes are 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) in length and 0.5–2.3 cm (0.20–0.91 in) wide. The cylindrical yellow flowers appear in spring (August to October). Flowering is followed by the development of 6–8 cm long seed pods, which are ripe by December.
Distribution and habitat
Acacia binervia is found in central New South Wales from the Hunter Region south, and to Bungonia in the southwest, and continuing south into Victoria. In the Sydney basin, it grows on a variety of soils and associated plant communities—alluvial soils, sandstone-, shale- or trachyte-based soils, generally with good drainage. It grows in dry sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as yellow bloodwood (Corymbia eximia), grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata), narrow-leaved ironbark (E. crebra), mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon), or more open woodland with narrow-leaved ironbark and black cypress pine (Callitris endlicheri), and riparian (riverbank) forest with river peppermint (E. elata) and gossamer wattle (Acacia floribunda).
Ecology
Acacia binervia regenerates from bushfire by a soil-borne seedbank, the seeds germinate and grow after fire while adult plants are killed. The frequency of fire for the cycle to persist is anywhere from 10 to 50 years. It is useful to bees in the honey industry.
Cultural significance
For the Dharawal people, the flowering of Acacia binervia was used as a seasonal indicator of the presence of fish in bays and estuaries.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
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0
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|
Acacia binervia, commonly known as the coast myall, is a wattle native to New South Wales and Victoria. It can grow as a shrub or as a tree reaching 16 m in height. This plant is reportedly toxic to livestock as the foliage (phyllodes) contain a glucoside which can produce hydrogen cyanide if cut.
Taxonomy
German botanist Johann Christoph Wendland first described this species as Mimosa binervia in 1798, before American botanist James Francis Macbride reclassified it in the genus Acacia in 1919. Common names include coast myall and rosewood. Acacia glaucescens is an illegitimate name.
Description
Acacia binervia grows as a shrub to small tree anywhere from 2 to 16 m (6.6 to 52.5 ft) high. The bark is dark brown to grey in colour, and the elliptic to sickle-shaped (falcate) phyllodes are 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) in length and 0.5–2.3 cm (0.20–0.91 in) wide. The cylindrical yellow flowers appear in spring (August to October). Flowering is followed by the development of 6–8 cm long seed pods, which are ripe by December.
Distribution and habitat
Acacia binervia is found in central New South Wales from the Hunter Region south, and to Bungonia in the southwest, and continuing south into Victoria. In the Sydney basin, it grows on a variety of soils and associated plant communities—alluvial soils, sandstone-, shale- or trachyte-based soils, generally with good drainage. It grows in dry sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as yellow bloodwood (Corymbia eximia), grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata), narrow-leaved ironbark (E. crebra), mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon), or more open woodland with narrow-leaved ironbark and black cypress pine (Callitris endlicheri), and riparian (riverbank) forest with river peppermint (E. elata) and gossamer wattle (Acacia floribunda).
Ecology
Acacia binervia regenerates from bushfire by a soil-borne seedbank, the seeds germinate and grow after fire while adult plants are killed. The frequency of fire for the cycle to persist is anywhere from 10 to 50 years. It is useful to bees in the honey industry.
Cultural significance
For the Dharawal people, the flowering of Acacia binervia was used as a seasonal indicator of the presence of fish in bays and estuaries.
== References ==
|
basionym
|
{
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383
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"text": [
"Mimosa binervia"
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}
|
Acacia binervia, commonly known as the coast myall, is a wattle native to New South Wales and Victoria. It can grow as a shrub or as a tree reaching 16 m in height. This plant is reportedly toxic to livestock as the foliage (phyllodes) contain a glucoside which can produce hydrogen cyanide if cut.
Taxonomy
German botanist Johann Christoph Wendland first described this species as Mimosa binervia in 1798, before American botanist James Francis Macbride reclassified it in the genus Acacia in 1919. Common names include coast myall and rosewood. Acacia glaucescens is an illegitimate name.
Description
Acacia binervia grows as a shrub to small tree anywhere from 2 to 16 m (6.6 to 52.5 ft) high. The bark is dark brown to grey in colour, and the elliptic to sickle-shaped (falcate) phyllodes are 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) in length and 0.5–2.3 cm (0.20–0.91 in) wide. The cylindrical yellow flowers appear in spring (August to October). Flowering is followed by the development of 6–8 cm long seed pods, which are ripe by December.
Distribution and habitat
Acacia binervia is found in central New South Wales from the Hunter Region south, and to Bungonia in the southwest, and continuing south into Victoria. In the Sydney basin, it grows on a variety of soils and associated plant communities—alluvial soils, sandstone-, shale- or trachyte-based soils, generally with good drainage. It grows in dry sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as yellow bloodwood (Corymbia eximia), grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata), narrow-leaved ironbark (E. crebra), mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon), or more open woodland with narrow-leaved ironbark and black cypress pine (Callitris endlicheri), and riparian (riverbank) forest with river peppermint (E. elata) and gossamer wattle (Acacia floribunda).
Ecology
Acacia binervia regenerates from bushfire by a soil-borne seedbank, the seeds germinate and grow after fire while adult plants are killed. The frequency of fire for the cycle to persist is anywhere from 10 to 50 years. It is useful to bees in the honey industry.
Cultural significance
For the Dharawal people, the flowering of Acacia binervia was used as a seasonal indicator of the presence of fish in bays and estuaries.
== References ==
|
Flora of Australia ID (new)
|
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0
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Quentin Kūhiō Kawānanakoa (born September 28, 1961) is an American politician and member of the House of Kawānanakoa. Kawānanakoa is an organizer of the Republican Party of Hawaii. He is also an heir to the James Campbell estate.
Early years
Kawānanakoa was born September 28, 1961. He was the second son of his father Edward A. Kawānanakoa and his mother Carolyn Willison Kawānanakoa. He was raised in Honolulu where he graduated from Punahou School. Kawānanakoa went on to study at the University of Southern California. He returned to Oʻahu and graduated from the William S. Richardson School of Law. Upon obtaining his Juris Doctor degree, he served in private practice at the law firm Case, Bigelow & Lombardi until 2000. He was a member of the inaugural 1997 class of the Pacific Century Fellows.
Political life
In 1994, Kawānanakoa followed in his ancestors' footsteps and got involved in politics. Like his great-grandmother Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa and great uncle Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, Kawānanakoa joined the Republican Party of Hawaii for its pro-business stance. He ran and won an election for the Hawai`i State House of Representatives, an office he served through 1998. He rose through the ranks of party leadership becoming minority floor leader. During an attempt to mount a challenge for the Congressional seat held by Neil Abercrombie, Kawānanakoa abruptly retired from active political life after being hospitalized.
In April 2006, after eight years out of the public eye, Kawānanakoa announced his run for the Congressional seat held by Ed Case, who chose not to run for U.S. Senate. He declared his candidacy on April 23, 2006. In the primary elections held on September 24, 2006, Kawānanakoa was defeated by State Senator Robert Hogue. The final vote total was Hogue: 8,393 votes (45.6%) vs. Kawānanakoa: 8,194 votes (44.5%). Senator Hogue went on to lose to Mazie Hirono.
In 2008, Kawānanakoa unsuccessfully ran for the Hawaii State House of Representatives. His opponent in the November 4, 2008, election was Democrat Chris Kalani Lee. Lee won with 5,885 votes to Kawānanakoa's 3,374 votes.
Family
In September 1995, Kawānanakoa married Elizabeth Broun, a native of Jamaica. Their first child, Kincaid Kawānanakoa, was born in June 1997. In December 1999, their second child, Riley, was born. Quentin is the great-grandson of Prince David Kawānanakoa and Princess Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa through his paternal grandmother Abigail Kapiolani Kawānanakoa.
Tree
References
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
father
|
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320
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|
Quentin Kūhiō Kawānanakoa (born September 28, 1961) is an American politician and member of the House of Kawānanakoa. Kawānanakoa is an organizer of the Republican Party of Hawaii. He is also an heir to the James Campbell estate.
Early years
Kawānanakoa was born September 28, 1961. He was the second son of his father Edward A. Kawānanakoa and his mother Carolyn Willison Kawānanakoa. He was raised in Honolulu where he graduated from Punahou School. Kawānanakoa went on to study at the University of Southern California. He returned to Oʻahu and graduated from the William S. Richardson School of Law. Upon obtaining his Juris Doctor degree, he served in private practice at the law firm Case, Bigelow & Lombardi until 2000. He was a member of the inaugural 1997 class of the Pacific Century Fellows.
Political life
In 1994, Kawānanakoa followed in his ancestors' footsteps and got involved in politics. Like his great-grandmother Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa and great uncle Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, Kawānanakoa joined the Republican Party of Hawaii for its pro-business stance. He ran and won an election for the Hawai`i State House of Representatives, an office he served through 1998. He rose through the ranks of party leadership becoming minority floor leader. During an attempt to mount a challenge for the Congressional seat held by Neil Abercrombie, Kawānanakoa abruptly retired from active political life after being hospitalized.
In April 2006, after eight years out of the public eye, Kawānanakoa announced his run for the Congressional seat held by Ed Case, who chose not to run for U.S. Senate. He declared his candidacy on April 23, 2006. In the primary elections held on September 24, 2006, Kawānanakoa was defeated by State Senator Robert Hogue. The final vote total was Hogue: 8,393 votes (45.6%) vs. Kawānanakoa: 8,194 votes (44.5%). Senator Hogue went on to lose to Mazie Hirono.
In 2008, Kawānanakoa unsuccessfully ran for the Hawaii State House of Representatives. His opponent in the November 4, 2008, election was Democrat Chris Kalani Lee. Lee won with 5,885 votes to Kawānanakoa's 3,374 votes.
Family
In September 1995, Kawānanakoa married Elizabeth Broun, a native of Jamaica. Their first child, Kincaid Kawānanakoa, was born in June 1997. In December 1999, their second child, Riley, was born. Quentin is the great-grandson of Prince David Kawānanakoa and Princess Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa through his paternal grandmother Abigail Kapiolani Kawānanakoa.
Tree
References
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
educated at
|
{
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489
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"University of Southern California"
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|
Quentin Kūhiō Kawānanakoa (born September 28, 1961) is an American politician and member of the House of Kawānanakoa. Kawānanakoa is an organizer of the Republican Party of Hawaii. He is also an heir to the James Campbell estate.
Early years
Kawānanakoa was born September 28, 1961. He was the second son of his father Edward A. Kawānanakoa and his mother Carolyn Willison Kawānanakoa. He was raised in Honolulu where he graduated from Punahou School. Kawānanakoa went on to study at the University of Southern California. He returned to Oʻahu and graduated from the William S. Richardson School of Law. Upon obtaining his Juris Doctor degree, he served in private practice at the law firm Case, Bigelow & Lombardi until 2000. He was a member of the inaugural 1997 class of the Pacific Century Fellows.
Political life
In 1994, Kawānanakoa followed in his ancestors' footsteps and got involved in politics. Like his great-grandmother Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa and great uncle Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, Kawānanakoa joined the Republican Party of Hawaii for its pro-business stance. He ran and won an election for the Hawai`i State House of Representatives, an office he served through 1998. He rose through the ranks of party leadership becoming minority floor leader. During an attempt to mount a challenge for the Congressional seat held by Neil Abercrombie, Kawānanakoa abruptly retired from active political life after being hospitalized.
In April 2006, after eight years out of the public eye, Kawānanakoa announced his run for the Congressional seat held by Ed Case, who chose not to run for U.S. Senate. He declared his candidacy on April 23, 2006. In the primary elections held on September 24, 2006, Kawānanakoa was defeated by State Senator Robert Hogue. The final vote total was Hogue: 8,393 votes (45.6%) vs. Kawānanakoa: 8,194 votes (44.5%). Senator Hogue went on to lose to Mazie Hirono.
In 2008, Kawānanakoa unsuccessfully ran for the Hawaii State House of Representatives. His opponent in the November 4, 2008, election was Democrat Chris Kalani Lee. Lee won with 5,885 votes to Kawānanakoa's 3,374 votes.
Family
In September 1995, Kawānanakoa married Elizabeth Broun, a native of Jamaica. Their first child, Kincaid Kawānanakoa, was born in June 1997. In December 1999, their second child, Riley, was born. Quentin is the great-grandson of Prince David Kawānanakoa and Princess Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa through his paternal grandmother Abigail Kapiolani Kawānanakoa.
Tree
References
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
member of political party
|
{
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153
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"text": [
"Republican Party"
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}
|
Quentin Kūhiō Kawānanakoa (born September 28, 1961) is an American politician and member of the House of Kawānanakoa. Kawānanakoa is an organizer of the Republican Party of Hawaii. He is also an heir to the James Campbell estate.
Early years
Kawānanakoa was born September 28, 1961. He was the second son of his father Edward A. Kawānanakoa and his mother Carolyn Willison Kawānanakoa. He was raised in Honolulu where he graduated from Punahou School. Kawānanakoa went on to study at the University of Southern California. He returned to Oʻahu and graduated from the William S. Richardson School of Law. Upon obtaining his Juris Doctor degree, he served in private practice at the law firm Case, Bigelow & Lombardi until 2000. He was a member of the inaugural 1997 class of the Pacific Century Fellows.
Political life
In 1994, Kawānanakoa followed in his ancestors' footsteps and got involved in politics. Like his great-grandmother Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa and great uncle Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, Kawānanakoa joined the Republican Party of Hawaii for its pro-business stance. He ran and won an election for the Hawai`i State House of Representatives, an office he served through 1998. He rose through the ranks of party leadership becoming minority floor leader. During an attempt to mount a challenge for the Congressional seat held by Neil Abercrombie, Kawānanakoa abruptly retired from active political life after being hospitalized.
In April 2006, after eight years out of the public eye, Kawānanakoa announced his run for the Congressional seat held by Ed Case, who chose not to run for U.S. Senate. He declared his candidacy on April 23, 2006. In the primary elections held on September 24, 2006, Kawānanakoa was defeated by State Senator Robert Hogue. The final vote total was Hogue: 8,393 votes (45.6%) vs. Kawānanakoa: 8,194 votes (44.5%). Senator Hogue went on to lose to Mazie Hirono.
In 2008, Kawānanakoa unsuccessfully ran for the Hawaii State House of Representatives. His opponent in the November 4, 2008, election was Democrat Chris Kalani Lee. Lee won with 5,885 votes to Kawānanakoa's 3,374 votes.
Family
In September 1995, Kawānanakoa married Elizabeth Broun, a native of Jamaica. Their first child, Kincaid Kawānanakoa, was born in June 1997. In December 1999, their second child, Riley, was born. Quentin is the great-grandson of Prince David Kawānanakoa and Princess Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa through his paternal grandmother Abigail Kapiolani Kawānanakoa.
Tree
References
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
occupation
|
{
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|
Quentin Kūhiō Kawānanakoa (born September 28, 1961) is an American politician and member of the House of Kawānanakoa. Kawānanakoa is an organizer of the Republican Party of Hawaii. He is also an heir to the James Campbell estate.
Early years
Kawānanakoa was born September 28, 1961. He was the second son of his father Edward A. Kawānanakoa and his mother Carolyn Willison Kawānanakoa. He was raised in Honolulu where he graduated from Punahou School. Kawānanakoa went on to study at the University of Southern California. He returned to Oʻahu and graduated from the William S. Richardson School of Law. Upon obtaining his Juris Doctor degree, he served in private practice at the law firm Case, Bigelow & Lombardi until 2000. He was a member of the inaugural 1997 class of the Pacific Century Fellows.
Political life
In 1994, Kawānanakoa followed in his ancestors' footsteps and got involved in politics. Like his great-grandmother Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa and great uncle Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, Kawānanakoa joined the Republican Party of Hawaii for its pro-business stance. He ran and won an election for the Hawai`i State House of Representatives, an office he served through 1998. He rose through the ranks of party leadership becoming minority floor leader. During an attempt to mount a challenge for the Congressional seat held by Neil Abercrombie, Kawānanakoa abruptly retired from active political life after being hospitalized.
In April 2006, after eight years out of the public eye, Kawānanakoa announced his run for the Congressional seat held by Ed Case, who chose not to run for U.S. Senate. He declared his candidacy on April 23, 2006. In the primary elections held on September 24, 2006, Kawānanakoa was defeated by State Senator Robert Hogue. The final vote total was Hogue: 8,393 votes (45.6%) vs. Kawānanakoa: 8,194 votes (44.5%). Senator Hogue went on to lose to Mazie Hirono.
In 2008, Kawānanakoa unsuccessfully ran for the Hawaii State House of Representatives. His opponent in the November 4, 2008, election was Democrat Chris Kalani Lee. Lee won with 5,885 votes to Kawānanakoa's 3,374 votes.
Family
In September 1995, Kawānanakoa married Elizabeth Broun, a native of Jamaica. Their first child, Kincaid Kawānanakoa, was born in June 1997. In December 1999, their second child, Riley, was born. Quentin is the great-grandson of Prince David Kawānanakoa and Princess Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa through his paternal grandmother Abigail Kapiolani Kawānanakoa.
Tree
References
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
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|
Quentin Kūhiō Kawānanakoa (born September 28, 1961) is an American politician and member of the House of Kawānanakoa. Kawānanakoa is an organizer of the Republican Party of Hawaii. He is also an heir to the James Campbell estate.
Early years
Kawānanakoa was born September 28, 1961. He was the second son of his father Edward A. Kawānanakoa and his mother Carolyn Willison Kawānanakoa. He was raised in Honolulu where he graduated from Punahou School. Kawānanakoa went on to study at the University of Southern California. He returned to Oʻahu and graduated from the William S. Richardson School of Law. Upon obtaining his Juris Doctor degree, he served in private practice at the law firm Case, Bigelow & Lombardi until 2000. He was a member of the inaugural 1997 class of the Pacific Century Fellows.
Political life
In 1994, Kawānanakoa followed in his ancestors' footsteps and got involved in politics. Like his great-grandmother Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa and great uncle Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, Kawānanakoa joined the Republican Party of Hawaii for its pro-business stance. He ran and won an election for the Hawai`i State House of Representatives, an office he served through 1998. He rose through the ranks of party leadership becoming minority floor leader. During an attempt to mount a challenge for the Congressional seat held by Neil Abercrombie, Kawānanakoa abruptly retired from active political life after being hospitalized.
In April 2006, after eight years out of the public eye, Kawānanakoa announced his run for the Congressional seat held by Ed Case, who chose not to run for U.S. Senate. He declared his candidacy on April 23, 2006. In the primary elections held on September 24, 2006, Kawānanakoa was defeated by State Senator Robert Hogue. The final vote total was Hogue: 8,393 votes (45.6%) vs. Kawānanakoa: 8,194 votes (44.5%). Senator Hogue went on to lose to Mazie Hirono.
In 2008, Kawānanakoa unsuccessfully ran for the Hawaii State House of Representatives. His opponent in the November 4, 2008, election was Democrat Chris Kalani Lee. Lee won with 5,885 votes to Kawānanakoa's 3,374 votes.
Family
In September 1995, Kawānanakoa married Elizabeth Broun, a native of Jamaica. Their first child, Kincaid Kawānanakoa, was born in June 1997. In December 1999, their second child, Riley, was born. Quentin is the great-grandson of Prince David Kawānanakoa and Princess Abigail Campbell Kawānanakoa through his paternal grandmother Abigail Kapiolani Kawānanakoa.
Tree
References
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
name in native language
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Quentin Kūhiō Kawānanakoa"
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|
Andrew Willatsen (8 October 1876 – 25 July 1974) was an architect chiefly remembered for bringing the influence of Frank Lloyd Wright and the Prairie School to the Pacific Northwest.
Early life and emigration
Andrew Christian Peter Willatzen was born in North Germany in 1876 and came to the United States in 1900. Born with the last name Willatzen, he changed the spelling to Willatsen c. 1918 due to anti-German sentiment during World War I. This may also explain the fact that later he always identified with the Danish in his background.
Career
He first worked as a carpenter, then as a draftsman, and arrived at Frank Lloyd Wright's Studio in Oak Park, Illinois in 1902 or 1903. The Studio was just entering its most creative period, and Willatzen soon became a valued apprentice. He later claimed "full responsibility" for Wright's 1905 remodeling of the lobbies of Chicago's Rookery Building, and said that "The Boss" accepted his design for the fence of the Larkin Administration Building (Buffalo, NY, 1907, destroyed) without changes. Willatzen also worked on the interiors of the Martin House in Buffalo and was hired by the Martins for a 1920 remodel, while Wright was away in Japan. He also worked for the Chicago firms of Spencer and Powers and Pond and Pond.By 1907, Willatzen had about three years experience off and on with Wright. That year he moved to Spokane, Washington, secured a position with the prestigious firm of Cutter & Malmgren, and was soon sent to head the Seattle office and supervise the construction of the Seattle Golf & Country Club (1908) at The Highlands, north of the city.In 1909, Willatzen formed a partnership with Francis Barry Byrne (1883–1967), whom he had known at Wright's office. The new firm quickly began a series of homes adapting Wright's principles to the Northwest environment. The Charles E. Clarke House (1909) at The Highlands, and the Frederick Handschy House (1910) at 2433 9th Ave. W., Seattle, are large bungalows which draw on Wright's early gable-roofed Prairie houses, and also show influences from other Prairie School architects such as Walter Burley Griffin. The George Matzen House (1910) at 320 Kinnear Place, Seattle, is hipped-roofed, stuccoed, with a stunted cruciform plan typical of the Prairie style confined by a narrow, sloping site. The interlocking spaces of the interior and the custom designed leaded glass, light fixtures and furniture combined to give the Matzen House perhaps the finest of Willatzen and Byrne's executed interiors. The proposal for the A.S. Kerry Mansion (1910) at The Highlands (constructed 1911 in an abbreviated form), reflected Wright's long, low, more expansive designs. Although lacking the grand living and dining spaces of the original project, this house remains an impressive design; it is perhaps the best known of Willatzen and Byrne's work and is sometimes mistakenly attributed to Frank Lloyd Wright. The Oscar E. Maurer House (1910) at 2715 Belvidere, Seattle, the John T. McVay House (1911) at 1025 Belmont Place, Seattle, the George Bellman House (1912) at 2021 E. Lynn, Seattle, and the L. George Hagar House (1913) at 303 W. Prospect, Seattle, (also scaled down from a grander first proposal) are typical of the firm's handling of more modest homes.
Willatzen and Byrne also designed in the Craftsman mode and various period revival styles. Most significant of these is the Stickleyesque George E. Felmlay House (1911) at 6975 47th Ave. S.W., Seattle, and the Carleton Huiscamp House at The Highlands (1912), the firm's most important eclectic work. This imposing Dutch Colonial's strong lines and fine detailing show that the partners were comfortable with period revival design. Later additions have unfortunately detracted from the house's original appearance. The firm also produced numerous business, commercial, and industrial structures, including their first project, the many oriel-windowed Nelson, Tagholm and Jensen Building (Hotel Louisa) at King Street & 7th Ave. S., Seattle, (1909).
Barry Byrne left Seattle early in 1913, moving first to California and eventually returning to the Midwest. Byrne had a long and celebrated career, mainly in the designing of Catholic churches. Our Lady of Good Help (1910) in Hoquiam, Washington, appears to be the first of this line.
In solo practice, Willatsen continued to design homes reflecting the Prairie idiom, including his most noted solo work, the Joseph Black House (1914) at 222 W. Highland Dr., Seattle, which illustrated the Prairie Style adapted to a more conventional, central hall type plan. The Black House was the prototype for several other Willatsen designs over the following decade, but its sweeping gable roof and continuous band of second floor windows set it apart from the others. The curved entrance canopy became a sort of Willatsen trademark, gracing numerous homes of both Prairie and Period design, and one church. This magnificent home was illegally destroyed over the Martin Luther King holiday weekend in 2004. The William E. Robinson House (1913) at 2011 11th Ave. E., Seattle, and the E.E. Vogue House (1918–19) at 1016 E. Lynn St., Seattle, are good examples of his approach to more modest homes, while the Gustav V. Rasmussen House (1921–25) at 3211 Cascadia Ave., Seattle, and Willatsen's favorite project, the O.L. Martin House (1928) at 3722 E. Prospect, Seattle, illustrate his handling of larger budget residences.
Traditional homes also remained in his repertoire. Two 1914 commissions reflected the Tudor style. The Frederick Hurlbut House at 1015 E. Prospect, Seattle, is a very personal design with Prairie overtones. Willatsen's typical attention to detail, such as the type of hardware used, is readily apparent in this house. The Jeremiah Neterer House at 2702 Broadway E., Seattle, is a more academic work. The John H. Carter House (1916) at 1615 36th Ave., Seattle, and the Fred Burwell House (1925) at 425 35th Ave., Seattle, illustrate the Classical and Federal revival styles respectively. Besides custom homes, Willatsen produced designs for builders. A group of homes for Carl Hedeen at 1711, 1717, and 1809 NE. 63rd St. and 1738 Naomi Place, all in Seattle, (1915–17) have been identified.
After the decline in the popularity of the Prairie School, Willatsen worked in a wide variety of styles, designing stores, churches, and many other types of structures. From 1915 to the 1960s he was the architect for general alterations to the Seattle Pike Place Market. The simplicity and common sense of his work won many loyal customers who turned repeatedly to him for their architectural needs until his retirement in the late 1940s. He continued to work occasionally in his retirement, mainly for friends and old clients. Two modest standouts from this period are the 1955 Church & North Office at 3701 SW Alaska St., Seattle, and the Richard Desimone House of 1959 at 2605 SW 170th St. in Normandy Park, Washington, a Midwest-style rambler in Roman brick.
Andrew Willatsen died in Seattle in 1974 at the age of 97. His papers, drawings, and the furniture and art glass windows from the 1915 remodeling of his Boston Block office were acquired from Willatsen by the University of Washington shortly before his death.The windows are in the Architectural Library in Gould Hall. The table and chairs are in the University's Branch Office at the Palazzo Pio, Rome, Italy. A bookcase with leaded glass doors is in the office of the Dean of Architecture in Gould Hall. These are the only examples of Willatsen's furniture known to still exist.
Willatsen was a major contributor to the development of progressive architecture in the Northwest, and he, along with Byrne, must be credited with bringing the Prairie Style to Seattle over 30 years before Wright's first Northwest commission.
Bibliographical note
His surviving drawings, some notebooks, papers, and a transcription of his personal project ledger are in the Special Collections and Manuscript Sections of The University of Washington Libraries. A copy is available in the University Architecture Library in Gould Hall. Much work is also documented in contemporary periodicals such as Pacific Builder & Engineer, Pacific Coast Architect, and Bungalow Magazine. Early photos of the Clarke and Kerry Houses can be found in Homes and Gardens of the Pacific Coast (Frank Calvert; Editor, 1913) reprinted by the Queen Anne Historical Society, Seattle, (1988).
Work
Black Manufacturing Company building (1914), Seattle
Gallery
References
Other sources
H. Allen Brooks, The Prairie School (Toronto, Norton Press, 1972)
Grant Carpenter Manson, Frank Lloyd Wright To 1910 (NY., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1958)
Silvia Lynn Gills, Andrew C.P. Willatsen, Architect, A.I.A. (1876-1974) (Unpublished thesis. 1980)
Further reading
Shaping Seattle Architecture: A Historical Guide to the Architects (ed. Jeffrey Karl Ochsner), University of Washington Press, Seattle and London 1994, pages 168-173, 312; ISBN 0-295-97365-X. The article, upon which this entry is largely based, was co-authored by Professor Grant Hildebrand and Jess M. Giessel.
|
occupation
|
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|
Andrew Willatsen (8 October 1876 – 25 July 1974) was an architect chiefly remembered for bringing the influence of Frank Lloyd Wright and the Prairie School to the Pacific Northwest.
Early life and emigration
Andrew Christian Peter Willatzen was born in North Germany in 1876 and came to the United States in 1900. Born with the last name Willatzen, he changed the spelling to Willatsen c. 1918 due to anti-German sentiment during World War I. This may also explain the fact that later he always identified with the Danish in his background.
Career
He first worked as a carpenter, then as a draftsman, and arrived at Frank Lloyd Wright's Studio in Oak Park, Illinois in 1902 or 1903. The Studio was just entering its most creative period, and Willatzen soon became a valued apprentice. He later claimed "full responsibility" for Wright's 1905 remodeling of the lobbies of Chicago's Rookery Building, and said that "The Boss" accepted his design for the fence of the Larkin Administration Building (Buffalo, NY, 1907, destroyed) without changes. Willatzen also worked on the interiors of the Martin House in Buffalo and was hired by the Martins for a 1920 remodel, while Wright was away in Japan. He also worked for the Chicago firms of Spencer and Powers and Pond and Pond.By 1907, Willatzen had about three years experience off and on with Wright. That year he moved to Spokane, Washington, secured a position with the prestigious firm of Cutter & Malmgren, and was soon sent to head the Seattle office and supervise the construction of the Seattle Golf & Country Club (1908) at The Highlands, north of the city.In 1909, Willatzen formed a partnership with Francis Barry Byrne (1883–1967), whom he had known at Wright's office. The new firm quickly began a series of homes adapting Wright's principles to the Northwest environment. The Charles E. Clarke House (1909) at The Highlands, and the Frederick Handschy House (1910) at 2433 9th Ave. W., Seattle, are large bungalows which draw on Wright's early gable-roofed Prairie houses, and also show influences from other Prairie School architects such as Walter Burley Griffin. The George Matzen House (1910) at 320 Kinnear Place, Seattle, is hipped-roofed, stuccoed, with a stunted cruciform plan typical of the Prairie style confined by a narrow, sloping site. The interlocking spaces of the interior and the custom designed leaded glass, light fixtures and furniture combined to give the Matzen House perhaps the finest of Willatzen and Byrne's executed interiors. The proposal for the A.S. Kerry Mansion (1910) at The Highlands (constructed 1911 in an abbreviated form), reflected Wright's long, low, more expansive designs. Although lacking the grand living and dining spaces of the original project, this house remains an impressive design; it is perhaps the best known of Willatzen and Byrne's work and is sometimes mistakenly attributed to Frank Lloyd Wright. The Oscar E. Maurer House (1910) at 2715 Belvidere, Seattle, the John T. McVay House (1911) at 1025 Belmont Place, Seattle, the George Bellman House (1912) at 2021 E. Lynn, Seattle, and the L. George Hagar House (1913) at 303 W. Prospect, Seattle, (also scaled down from a grander first proposal) are typical of the firm's handling of more modest homes.
Willatzen and Byrne also designed in the Craftsman mode and various period revival styles. Most significant of these is the Stickleyesque George E. Felmlay House (1911) at 6975 47th Ave. S.W., Seattle, and the Carleton Huiscamp House at The Highlands (1912), the firm's most important eclectic work. This imposing Dutch Colonial's strong lines and fine detailing show that the partners were comfortable with period revival design. Later additions have unfortunately detracted from the house's original appearance. The firm also produced numerous business, commercial, and industrial structures, including their first project, the many oriel-windowed Nelson, Tagholm and Jensen Building (Hotel Louisa) at King Street & 7th Ave. S., Seattle, (1909).
Barry Byrne left Seattle early in 1913, moving first to California and eventually returning to the Midwest. Byrne had a long and celebrated career, mainly in the designing of Catholic churches. Our Lady of Good Help (1910) in Hoquiam, Washington, appears to be the first of this line.
In solo practice, Willatsen continued to design homes reflecting the Prairie idiom, including his most noted solo work, the Joseph Black House (1914) at 222 W. Highland Dr., Seattle, which illustrated the Prairie Style adapted to a more conventional, central hall type plan. The Black House was the prototype for several other Willatsen designs over the following decade, but its sweeping gable roof and continuous band of second floor windows set it apart from the others. The curved entrance canopy became a sort of Willatsen trademark, gracing numerous homes of both Prairie and Period design, and one church. This magnificent home was illegally destroyed over the Martin Luther King holiday weekend in 2004. The William E. Robinson House (1913) at 2011 11th Ave. E., Seattle, and the E.E. Vogue House (1918–19) at 1016 E. Lynn St., Seattle, are good examples of his approach to more modest homes, while the Gustav V. Rasmussen House (1921–25) at 3211 Cascadia Ave., Seattle, and Willatsen's favorite project, the O.L. Martin House (1928) at 3722 E. Prospect, Seattle, illustrate his handling of larger budget residences.
Traditional homes also remained in his repertoire. Two 1914 commissions reflected the Tudor style. The Frederick Hurlbut House at 1015 E. Prospect, Seattle, is a very personal design with Prairie overtones. Willatsen's typical attention to detail, such as the type of hardware used, is readily apparent in this house. The Jeremiah Neterer House at 2702 Broadway E., Seattle, is a more academic work. The John H. Carter House (1916) at 1615 36th Ave., Seattle, and the Fred Burwell House (1925) at 425 35th Ave., Seattle, illustrate the Classical and Federal revival styles respectively. Besides custom homes, Willatsen produced designs for builders. A group of homes for Carl Hedeen at 1711, 1717, and 1809 NE. 63rd St. and 1738 Naomi Place, all in Seattle, (1915–17) have been identified.
After the decline in the popularity of the Prairie School, Willatsen worked in a wide variety of styles, designing stores, churches, and many other types of structures. From 1915 to the 1960s he was the architect for general alterations to the Seattle Pike Place Market. The simplicity and common sense of his work won many loyal customers who turned repeatedly to him for their architectural needs until his retirement in the late 1940s. He continued to work occasionally in his retirement, mainly for friends and old clients. Two modest standouts from this period are the 1955 Church & North Office at 3701 SW Alaska St., Seattle, and the Richard Desimone House of 1959 at 2605 SW 170th St. in Normandy Park, Washington, a Midwest-style rambler in Roman brick.
Andrew Willatsen died in Seattle in 1974 at the age of 97. His papers, drawings, and the furniture and art glass windows from the 1915 remodeling of his Boston Block office were acquired from Willatsen by the University of Washington shortly before his death.The windows are in the Architectural Library in Gould Hall. The table and chairs are in the University's Branch Office at the Palazzo Pio, Rome, Italy. A bookcase with leaded glass doors is in the office of the Dean of Architecture in Gould Hall. These are the only examples of Willatsen's furniture known to still exist.
Willatsen was a major contributor to the development of progressive architecture in the Northwest, and he, along with Byrne, must be credited with bringing the Prairie Style to Seattle over 30 years before Wright's first Northwest commission.
Bibliographical note
His surviving drawings, some notebooks, papers, and a transcription of his personal project ledger are in the Special Collections and Manuscript Sections of The University of Washington Libraries. A copy is available in the University Architecture Library in Gould Hall. Much work is also documented in contemporary periodicals such as Pacific Builder & Engineer, Pacific Coast Architect, and Bungalow Magazine. Early photos of the Clarke and Kerry Houses can be found in Homes and Gardens of the Pacific Coast (Frank Calvert; Editor, 1913) reprinted by the Queen Anne Historical Society, Seattle, (1988).
Work
Black Manufacturing Company building (1914), Seattle
Gallery
References
Other sources
H. Allen Brooks, The Prairie School (Toronto, Norton Press, 1972)
Grant Carpenter Manson, Frank Lloyd Wright To 1910 (NY., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1958)
Silvia Lynn Gills, Andrew C.P. Willatsen, Architect, A.I.A. (1876-1974) (Unpublished thesis. 1980)
Further reading
Shaping Seattle Architecture: A Historical Guide to the Architects (ed. Jeffrey Karl Ochsner), University of Washington Press, Seattle and London 1994, pages 168-173, 312; ISBN 0-295-97365-X. The article, upon which this entry is largely based, was co-authored by Professor Grant Hildebrand and Jess M. Giessel.
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given name
|
{
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0
],
"text": [
"Andrew"
]
}
|
Defoe may refer to:
People
Defoe (surname), most notably English author Daniel Defoe
Places
Defoe, Webster County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Other uses
Defoe (comics), a zombie story
Defoe Shipbuilding Company, a former shipyard in Bay City, Michigan
Operation Defoe, a Second World War reconnaissance by the British Special Air Service
Defoe (horse) (2014–2020), Thoroughbred racehorse
See also
Dafoe (disambiguation)
Foe (disambiguation)
|
main subject
|
{
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"Daniel Defoe"
]
}
|
Defoe may refer to:
People
Defoe (surname), most notably English author Daniel Defoe
Places
Defoe, Webster County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Other uses
Defoe (comics), a zombie story
Defoe Shipbuilding Company, a former shipyard in Bay City, Michigan
Operation Defoe, a Second World War reconnaissance by the British Special Air Service
Defoe (horse) (2014–2020), Thoroughbred racehorse
See also
Dafoe (disambiguation)
Foe (disambiguation)
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
101
],
"text": [
"Webster County"
]
}
|
Defoe may refer to:
People
Defoe (surname), most notably English author Daniel Defoe
Places
Defoe, Webster County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Other uses
Defoe (comics), a zombie story
Defoe Shipbuilding Company, a former shipyard in Bay City, Michigan
Operation Defoe, a Second World War reconnaissance by the British Special Air Service
Defoe (horse) (2014–2020), Thoroughbred racehorse
See also
Dafoe (disambiguation)
Foe (disambiguation)
|
different from
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Defoe"
]
}
|
Defoe may refer to:
People
Defoe (surname), most notably English author Daniel Defoe
Places
Defoe, Webster County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Other uses
Defoe (comics), a zombie story
Defoe Shipbuilding Company, a former shipyard in Bay City, Michigan
Operation Defoe, a Second World War reconnaissance by the British Special Air Service
Defoe (horse) (2014–2020), Thoroughbred racehorse
See also
Dafoe (disambiguation)
Foe (disambiguation)
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
364
],
"text": [
"horse"
]
}
|
Defoe may refer to:
People
Defoe (surname), most notably English author Daniel Defoe
Places
Defoe, Webster County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Other uses
Defoe (comics), a zombie story
Defoe Shipbuilding Company, a former shipyard in Bay City, Michigan
Operation Defoe, a Second World War reconnaissance by the British Special Air Service
Defoe (horse) (2014–2020), Thoroughbred racehorse
See also
Dafoe (disambiguation)
Foe (disambiguation)
|
has use
|
{
"answer_start": [
397
],
"text": [
"racehorse"
]
}
|
Defoe may refer to:
People
Defoe (surname), most notably English author Daniel Defoe
Places
Defoe, Webster County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Other uses
Defoe (comics), a zombie story
Defoe Shipbuilding Company, a former shipyard in Bay City, Michigan
Operation Defoe, a Second World War reconnaissance by the British Special Air Service
Defoe (horse) (2014–2020), Thoroughbred racehorse
See also
Dafoe (disambiguation)
Foe (disambiguation)
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"Defoe (surname)"
]
}
|
Defoe may refer to:
People
Defoe (surname), most notably English author Daniel Defoe
Places
Defoe, Webster County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Other uses
Defoe (comics), a zombie story
Defoe Shipbuilding Company, a former shipyard in Bay City, Michigan
Operation Defoe, a Second World War reconnaissance by the British Special Air Service
Defoe (horse) (2014–2020), Thoroughbred racehorse
See also
Dafoe (disambiguation)
Foe (disambiguation)
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Defoe"
]
}
|
Sosnovka (Russian: Сосновка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Lovozersky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kola Peninsula at a height of 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) above sea level. Population: 45 (2010 Census).
References
Notes
Sources
Мурманская областная Дума. Закон №574-02-ЗМО от 29 декабря 2004 г. «О статусе, наименованиях и составе территорий муниципального образования Ловозерский район и муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав», в ред. Закона №1156-01-ЗМО от 23 ноября 2009 г «Об упраздении некоторых населённых пунктов Мурманской области и внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Мурманской области». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Мурманский Вестник", №249, стр. 5, 30 декабря 2004 г. (Murmansk Oblast Duma. Law #574-02-ZMO of December 29, 2004 On the Status, Names, and Composition of the Territories of the Municipal Formation of Lovozersky District and of the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Law #1156-01-ZMO of November 23, 2009 On the Abolition of Several Inhabited Localities of Murmansk Oblast and on Amending Several Legislative Acts of Murmansk Oblast. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"Russia"
]
}
|
Sosnovka (Russian: Сосновка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Lovozersky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kola Peninsula at a height of 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) above sea level. Population: 45 (2010 Census).
References
Notes
Sources
Мурманская областная Дума. Закон №574-02-ЗМО от 29 декабря 2004 г. «О статусе, наименованиях и составе территорий муниципального образования Ловозерский район и муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав», в ред. Закона №1156-01-ЗМО от 23 ноября 2009 г «Об упраздении некоторых населённых пунктов Мурманской области и внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Мурманской области». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Мурманский Вестник", №249, стр. 5, 30 декабря 2004 г. (Murmansk Oblast Duma. Law #574-02-ZMO of December 29, 2004 On the Status, Names, and Composition of the Territories of the Municipal Formation of Lovozersky District and of the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Law #1156-01-ZMO of November 23, 2009 On the Abolition of Several Inhabited Localities of Murmansk Oblast and on Amending Several Legislative Acts of Murmansk Oblast. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sosnovka"
]
}
|
Steven Chambers (born 8 November 1990) is an Australian professional baseball player for the Canberra Cavalry of the Australian Baseball League.
He was a member of the Australia national baseball team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic Qualification and 2016 Haarlem Baseball Week.On 12 February 2019 he invited for spring training of Yokohama DeNA Bay Stars of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) with Steven Kent.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
Steven Chambers stats ABL.com
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"Australia"
]
}
|
Steven Chambers (born 8 November 1990) is an Australian professional baseball player for the Canberra Cavalry of the Australian Baseball League.
He was a member of the Australia national baseball team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic Qualification and 2016 Haarlem Baseball Week.On 12 February 2019 he invited for spring training of Yokohama DeNA Bay Stars of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) with Steven Kent.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
Steven Chambers stats ABL.com
|
occupation
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Steven Chambers (born 8 November 1990) is an Australian professional baseball player for the Canberra Cavalry of the Australian Baseball League.
He was a member of the Australia national baseball team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic Qualification and 2016 Haarlem Baseball Week.On 12 February 2019 he invited for spring training of Yokohama DeNA Bay Stars of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) with Steven Kent.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
Steven Chambers stats ABL.com
|
sport
|
{
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Steven Chambers (born 8 November 1990) is an Australian professional baseball player for the Canberra Cavalry of the Australian Baseball League.
He was a member of the Australia national baseball team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic Qualification and 2016 Haarlem Baseball Week.On 12 February 2019 he invited for spring training of Yokohama DeNA Bay Stars of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) with Steven Kent.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
Steven Chambers stats ABL.com
|
family name
|
{
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7
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Steven Chambers (born 8 November 1990) is an Australian professional baseball player for the Canberra Cavalry of the Australian Baseball League.
He was a member of the Australia national baseball team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic Qualification and 2016 Haarlem Baseball Week.On 12 February 2019 he invited for spring training of Yokohama DeNA Bay Stars of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) with Steven Kent.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
Steven Chambers stats ABL.com
|
given name
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The year 1947 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian fine arts.
Events
The Repin Institute of Arts graduated young artists Mikhail Anikushin, Igor Veselkin, Gavriil Glikman, Vera Kashutova, Alexander Koroviakov, Vera Lubimova, Evsey Moiseenko, Pen Varlen, Stepan Privedentsev, Vasily Stamov, Elena Tabakova, Vladimir Uspensky, Alexander Kharshak, Lubov Kholina, and others.
The All-Russian Academy of Arts was converted into the Academy of Arts of the USSR. First president of the Academy of Arts of the USSR was painter Aleksandr Gerasimov, head of the academy until 1957.
Exhibition of works by Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin was opened in the Leningrad Union of Artists. Over 200 works of artist were exhibited.
Exhibition of works by Nikolai Akimov was opened in the Leningrad Union of Artists. Over 800 works of artist were exhibited.
First solo exhibition of works by Nikolai Timkov was opened in the Leningrad Union of Artists.
Exhibition of works of Leningrad artists was opened in the Leningrad Union of Artists. Over 450 works of 194 artists were exhibited. Among them were Taisia Afonina, Vladimir Gorb, Sergei Zakharov, Maria Zubreeva, Nikolai Kostrov, Anna Kostrova, Alexander Lubimov, Mikhail Natarevich, Samuil Nevelshtein, Yuri Neprintsev, Sergei Osipov, Viacheslav Pakulin, Gleb Savinov, Alexander Samokhvalov, Nikolai Timkov, Alexander Troshichev, Rudolf Frentz, Leonid Khudiakov, Nadezhda Shteinmiller, and other important Leningrad artists.
November 5 — All-Union Fine Art Exhibition of 1947 was opened in Pushkin Museum in Moscow. The participants were Mikhail Avilov, Mikhail Bobyshov, Olga Bogaevskaya, Alexander Bubnov, Piotr Buchkin, Piotr Vasiliev, Aleksandr Gerasimov, Sergey Gerasimov, Gavriil Gorelov, Igor Grabar, Aleksei Gritsai, Aleksandr Deyneka, Krum Dzhakov, Nikolai Dormidontov, Vasily Yefanov, Boris Efimov, Boris Ioganson, Lev Kerbel, Sergei Konenkov, Yuri Kugach, Samuil Nevelshtein, Yuri Neprintsev, Victor Oreshnikov, Genrikh Pavlovsky, Viacheslav Pakulin, Gleb Savinov, Alexander Samokhvalov, Rudolf Frentz, and other important Soviet artists.
Deaths
January 4 — Piotr Petrovichev (Russian: Петровичев Пётр Иванович), Russian soviet landscape painter (born 1874).
August 9 — Seraphima Blonskaya (Russian: Блонская Серафима Иасоновна), Russian painter (born 1870).
December 1 — Piotr Williams (Russian: Вильямс Пётр Владимирович), Russian soviet painter and theatre artist, Honored Arts Worker of the RSFSR, Stalin Prize winner (born 1902).
December 14 — Ivan Vladimirov (Russian: Владимиров Иван Алексеевич), Russian soviet painter and graphic artist (born 1869).
Gallery of 1947
See also
List of Russian artists
List of painters of Leningrad Union of Artists
Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Russian culture
1947 in the Soviet Union
References
Sources
Выставка произведений ленинградских художников. 1947 год. Живопись. Скульптура. Графика. Театрально-декорационная живопись. Каталог. Л., ЛССХ, 1948.
Бойков В. Изобразительное искусство Ленинграда. Заметки о выставке ленинградских художников // Ленинградская правда, 1947, 29 ноября.
Каталог весенней выставки произведений московских живописцев и скульпторов. М., МССХ, 1947.
Москва в произведениях художников. 1147-1947 годы. Живопись. Скульптура. Графика. Каталог выставки. М., ГМИИ, 1947.
Всесоюзная художественная выставка 1947 года. Живопись. Скульптура. Графика. Каталог. М-Л., Комитет по делам искусств при Совете Министров СССР, 1947.
Artists of Peoples of the USSR. Biobibliography Dictionary. Vol. 1. Moscow, Iskusstvo, 1970.
Artists of Peoples of the USSR. Biobibliography Dictionary. Vol. 2. Moscow, Iskusstvo, 1972.
Directory of Members of Union of Artists of USSR. Volume 1,2. Moscow, Soviet Artist Edition, 1979.
Directory of Members of the Leningrad branch of the Union of Artists of Russian Federation. Leningrad, Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1980.
Artists of Peoples of the USSR. Biobibliography Dictionary. Vol. 4 Book 1. Moscow, Iskusstvo, 1983.
Directory of Members of the Leningrad branch of the Union of Artists of Russian Federation. - Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1987.
Персональные и групповые выставки советских художников. 1917-1947 гг. М., Советский художник, 1989.
Artists of peoples of the USSR. Biobibliography Dictionary. Vol. 4 Book 2. - Saint Petersburg: Academic project humanitarian agency, 1995.
Link of Times: 1932 - 1997. Artists - Members of Saint Petersburg Union of Artists of Russia. Exhibition catalogue. - Saint Petersburg: Manezh Central Exhibition Hall, 1997.
Matthew C. Bown. Dictionary of 20th Century Russian and Soviet Painters 1900-1980s. - London: Izomar, 1998.
Vern G. Swanson. Soviet Impressionism. - Woodbridge, England: Antique Collectors' Club, 2001.
Время перемен. Искусство 1960—1985 в Советском Союзе. СПб., Государственный Русский музей, 2006.
Sergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School. - Saint-Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007. - ISBN 5-901724-21-6, ISBN 978-5-901724-21-7.
Anniversary Directory graduates of Saint Petersburg State Academic Institute of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture named after Ilya Repin, Russian Academy of Arts. 1915 - 2005. - Saint Petersburg: Pervotsvet Publishing House, 2007.
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Qareh Khan-e Sofla (Persian: قره خان سفلي, also Romanized as Qareh Khān-e Soflá; also known as Qareh Khān-e Pā’īn) is a village in Buzi Rural District, in the Central District of Shadegan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 5 families.
== References ==
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country
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Qareh Khan-e Sofla (Persian: قره خان سفلي, also Romanized as Qareh Khān-e Soflá; also known as Qareh Khān-e Pā’īn) is a village in Buzi Rural District, in the Central District of Shadegan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 5 families.
== References ==
|
instance of
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Qareh Khan-e Sofla (Persian: قره خان سفلي, also Romanized as Qareh Khān-e Soflá; also known as Qareh Khān-e Pā’īn) is a village in Buzi Rural District, in the Central District of Shadegan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 5 families.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
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Archips georgianus, the Georgia archips moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from New Jersey, south to Florida and then west to Texas.The wingspan is 15–22 mm. The forewings are bright reddish chestnut with shining pinkish ochreous bands and mottlings. The hindwings are brown. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to August.
The larvae feed on Vaccinium, Carya and Quercus species (including Quercus laevis).
== References ==
|
taxon rank
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|
Archips georgianus, the Georgia archips moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from New Jersey, south to Florida and then west to Texas.The wingspan is 15–22 mm. The forewings are bright reddish chestnut with shining pinkish ochreous bands and mottlings. The hindwings are brown. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to August.
The larvae feed on Vaccinium, Carya and Quercus species (including Quercus laevis).
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
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"Archips"
]
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|
Archips georgianus, the Georgia archips moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from New Jersey, south to Florida and then west to Texas.The wingspan is 15–22 mm. The forewings are bright reddish chestnut with shining pinkish ochreous bands and mottlings. The hindwings are brown. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to August.
The larvae feed on Vaccinium, Carya and Quercus species (including Quercus laevis).
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
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0
],
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"Archips georgianus"
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|
Ultra Software Corporation was a shell corporation and publishing label created in 1988 as a subsidiary of Konami of America, in an effort to get around Nintendo of America's strict licensing rules in place at the time for the North American market. One of these rules was that a third-party company could only publish up to five games per year for the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US. This was hardly convenient for Konami, which had begun releasing more than ten games a year for both the Famicom and its Disk System add-on in Japan. With a greater library than it was allowed to localize, Konami formed the Ultra Games brand to extend its annual library to ten games a year.Ultra's first game was the NES version of Metal Gear. At first, Ultra was dedicated to localizing Konami's pre-existing software from Japan, but later it began publishing works from other companies as well. Some of Konami's most notable games released under the Ultra label include Operation C, Snake's Revenge and the first few Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles games for the NES and Game Boy. The IBM PC and Commodore 64 conversions of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Metal Gear were also published under the Ultra branding.
After the North American launch of the Super NES in 1991, Nintendo started relaxing the restriction on the number of games third parties could publish each year. As a result, Ultra Games began losing its purpose and Konami dropped the label in early 1992. The last games released by Ultra Games were Ultra Golf and World Circuit Series, both released in March 1992.
In Europe, Konami established the Palcom Software Limited subsidiary for similar purposes. Its library was similar to Ultra's but the company also published games that were not released in North America, notably Road Fighter, Parodius and Crackout. Palcom also released Super NES games that were published in America by Konami itself. In contrast, some games that were released under the Ultra name in North America, such as Metal Gear and Snake's Revenge, were published under the regular Konami brand in Europe. The European subsidiary lasted longer than Ultra Games, until it was closed down in early 1994.
Games published
All games were developed by Konami, except where noted.
Ultra Games
NES
Metal Gear (June 1988)
Skate or Die! (December 1988)
Gyruss (February 1989)
Q*bert (February 1989)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (June 1989)
Defender of the Crown (July 1989; developed by Beam Software)
Silent Service (December 1989; developed by Rare)
Kings of the Beach (January 1990)
Snake's Revenge (April 1990)
Mission: Impossible (September 1990)
RollerGames (September 1990)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Arcade Game (December 1990)
Ski or Die (February 1991)
Base Wars (June 1991)
Pirates! (October 1991; developed by Rare)
Nightshade (January 1992; developed by Beam Software)
Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (February 1992; developed by Interplay)
Game Boy
Motocross Maniacs (January 1990)
Nemesis (April 1990)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Fall of the Foot Clan (August 1990)
Quarth (December 1990)
Operation C (February 1991)
Blades of Steel (August 1991)
Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (February 1992; developed by Visual Concepts)
Ultra Golf (March 1992)
World Circuit Series (March 1992)
IBM PC (DOS)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1989; developed by Unlimited Software)
Metal Gear (August 1990; developed by Banana Development)
Commodore 64
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990; developed by Unlimited Software)
Metal Gear (1990; developed by Unlimited Software)
Palcom Software
NES
Skate or Die! (August 1990)
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles (August 1990)
Crackout (1991)
Pirates! (October 1991; developed by Rare)
Defender of the Crown (July 1991; developed by Beam Software)
Mission: Impossible (November 1991)
Ski or Die (October 1991)
Monster in My Pocket (1992)
Parodius (1992)
Road Fighter (1992)
Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse (December 1992)
Formula 1 Sensation (1993)
Rackets & Rivals (1993)
Bucky O'Hare (December 1993)
Game Boy
Blades of Steel (1991)
Skate or Die: Bad 'N Rad (1991)
Probotector (May 1992)
Parodius (1992)
Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (1993; developed by Visual Concepts)
Zen: Intergalactic Ninja (1993)
Super NES
Cybernator (1993; developed by NCS Corporation)
Pop'n TwinBee (1993)
Sunset Riders (December 1993)
See also
Konami
References
External links
Ultra Games profile on MobyGames
Palcom profile on MobyGames
|
owned by
|
{
"answer_start": [
107
],
"text": [
"Konami"
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}
|
Ultra Software Corporation was a shell corporation and publishing label created in 1988 as a subsidiary of Konami of America, in an effort to get around Nintendo of America's strict licensing rules in place at the time for the North American market. One of these rules was that a third-party company could only publish up to five games per year for the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US. This was hardly convenient for Konami, which had begun releasing more than ten games a year for both the Famicom and its Disk System add-on in Japan. With a greater library than it was allowed to localize, Konami formed the Ultra Games brand to extend its annual library to ten games a year.Ultra's first game was the NES version of Metal Gear. At first, Ultra was dedicated to localizing Konami's pre-existing software from Japan, but later it began publishing works from other companies as well. Some of Konami's most notable games released under the Ultra label include Operation C, Snake's Revenge and the first few Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles games for the NES and Game Boy. The IBM PC and Commodore 64 conversions of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Metal Gear were also published under the Ultra branding.
After the North American launch of the Super NES in 1991, Nintendo started relaxing the restriction on the number of games third parties could publish each year. As a result, Ultra Games began losing its purpose and Konami dropped the label in early 1992. The last games released by Ultra Games were Ultra Golf and World Circuit Series, both released in March 1992.
In Europe, Konami established the Palcom Software Limited subsidiary for similar purposes. Its library was similar to Ultra's but the company also published games that were not released in North America, notably Road Fighter, Parodius and Crackout. Palcom also released Super NES games that were published in America by Konami itself. In contrast, some games that were released under the Ultra name in North America, such as Metal Gear and Snake's Revenge, were published under the regular Konami brand in Europe. The European subsidiary lasted longer than Ultra Games, until it was closed down in early 1994.
Games published
All games were developed by Konami, except where noted.
Ultra Games
NES
Metal Gear (June 1988)
Skate or Die! (December 1988)
Gyruss (February 1989)
Q*bert (February 1989)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (June 1989)
Defender of the Crown (July 1989; developed by Beam Software)
Silent Service (December 1989; developed by Rare)
Kings of the Beach (January 1990)
Snake's Revenge (April 1990)
Mission: Impossible (September 1990)
RollerGames (September 1990)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Arcade Game (December 1990)
Ski or Die (February 1991)
Base Wars (June 1991)
Pirates! (October 1991; developed by Rare)
Nightshade (January 1992; developed by Beam Software)
Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (February 1992; developed by Interplay)
Game Boy
Motocross Maniacs (January 1990)
Nemesis (April 1990)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Fall of the Foot Clan (August 1990)
Quarth (December 1990)
Operation C (February 1991)
Blades of Steel (August 1991)
Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (February 1992; developed by Visual Concepts)
Ultra Golf (March 1992)
World Circuit Series (March 1992)
IBM PC (DOS)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1989; developed by Unlimited Software)
Metal Gear (August 1990; developed by Banana Development)
Commodore 64
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990; developed by Unlimited Software)
Metal Gear (1990; developed by Unlimited Software)
Palcom Software
NES
Skate or Die! (August 1990)
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles (August 1990)
Crackout (1991)
Pirates! (October 1991; developed by Rare)
Defender of the Crown (July 1991; developed by Beam Software)
Mission: Impossible (November 1991)
Ski or Die (October 1991)
Monster in My Pocket (1992)
Parodius (1992)
Road Fighter (1992)
Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse (December 1992)
Formula 1 Sensation (1993)
Rackets & Rivals (1993)
Bucky O'Hare (December 1993)
Game Boy
Blades of Steel (1991)
Skate or Die: Bad 'N Rad (1991)
Probotector (May 1992)
Parodius (1992)
Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (1993; developed by Visual Concepts)
Zen: Intergalactic Ninja (1993)
Super NES
Cybernator (1993; developed by NCS Corporation)
Pop'n TwinBee (1993)
Sunset Riders (December 1993)
See also
Konami
References
External links
Ultra Games profile on MobyGames
Palcom profile on MobyGames
|
official name
|
{
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Neymar: The Perfect Chaos is a 2022 Netflix docuseries about Brazilian professional football player Neymar. Directed by David Charles Rodrigues, it is in Portuguese with subtitles available in other languages and consists of three episodes chronicling Neymar's rise to stardom, both within and outside of football, as well as a deeper look at the relationship between Neymar and his father, also named Neymar. Executive producers include LeBron James and Maverick Carter. While Neymar is the main focus, the series also sees guest stars including: Lionel Messi, Kylian Mbappé, David Beckham, Marquinhos, and Luis Suárez.
Plot
The first episode, “The Great Brazilian Promise,” focuses on the first two decades of his life. In the beginning five minutes, viewers are given a quick summary of Neymar’s achievements and infamy through a reel of clips of important events in his life, before backtracking to his origin story. A present-day Neymar visits his hometown of Praia Grande in Brazil and talks about difficulties growing up without money as well as his time in Santos FC, at the end of which he wins the Copa Libertadores, allowing him to have his pick of European clubs to join. The episode concludes with his arrival at Camp Nou, the home stadium of FC Barcelona.
“The Comeback,” the second episode, mainly focuses on Neymar’s time at FC Barcelona, particularly the round of 16 knockout match in the UEFA Champions League between FC Barcelona and Paris Saint-Germain where Neymar was crucial in the team’s comeback victory, as well as the events in his personal life during it, including a scandal where Brazilian model Najila Trindade accuses Neymar of raping her. At the end of the episode, Neymar signs a 5-year contract to play for Paris Saint Germain.In the final episode, “This is Paris,” Neymar struggles to settle in at PSG and ponders the future of his career and personal life. The death of American basketball player Kobe Bryant is shown to be a turning point for Neymar, as he decides to focus on football more seriously and to leave a lasting legacy both on and off the field.
Reception
The series has an audience rating of 74% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. John Anderson, a critic from the Wall Street Journal, criticized the series for painting Neymar in a too-flattering light, stating "David Charles Rodrigues treats him, often enough, like the star of his own music video. One does get the sense, too, that the other people interviewed about him aren't as frank as they might be."
Cast
Neymar
David Beckham
Lionel Messi
Kylian Mbappé
Marquinhos
Thiago Silva
Dani Alves
Luis Suárez
Episodes
Production
Daniel Sillman is an executive producer on the Netflix docuseries about Brazilian soccer star Neymar, Neymar: The Perfect Chaos.
References
External links
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos at IMDb
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos on Netflix
|
country of origin
|
{
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61
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|
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos is a 2022 Netflix docuseries about Brazilian professional football player Neymar. Directed by David Charles Rodrigues, it is in Portuguese with subtitles available in other languages and consists of three episodes chronicling Neymar's rise to stardom, both within and outside of football, as well as a deeper look at the relationship between Neymar and his father, also named Neymar. Executive producers include LeBron James and Maverick Carter. While Neymar is the main focus, the series also sees guest stars including: Lionel Messi, Kylian Mbappé, David Beckham, Marquinhos, and Luis Suárez.
Plot
The first episode, “The Great Brazilian Promise,” focuses on the first two decades of his life. In the beginning five minutes, viewers are given a quick summary of Neymar’s achievements and infamy through a reel of clips of important events in his life, before backtracking to his origin story. A present-day Neymar visits his hometown of Praia Grande in Brazil and talks about difficulties growing up without money as well as his time in Santos FC, at the end of which he wins the Copa Libertadores, allowing him to have his pick of European clubs to join. The episode concludes with his arrival at Camp Nou, the home stadium of FC Barcelona.
“The Comeback,” the second episode, mainly focuses on Neymar’s time at FC Barcelona, particularly the round of 16 knockout match in the UEFA Champions League between FC Barcelona and Paris Saint-Germain where Neymar was crucial in the team’s comeback victory, as well as the events in his personal life during it, including a scandal where Brazilian model Najila Trindade accuses Neymar of raping her. At the end of the episode, Neymar signs a 5-year contract to play for Paris Saint Germain.In the final episode, “This is Paris,” Neymar struggles to settle in at PSG and ponders the future of his career and personal life. The death of American basketball player Kobe Bryant is shown to be a turning point for Neymar, as he decides to focus on football more seriously and to leave a lasting legacy both on and off the field.
Reception
The series has an audience rating of 74% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. John Anderson, a critic from the Wall Street Journal, criticized the series for painting Neymar in a too-flattering light, stating "David Charles Rodrigues treats him, often enough, like the star of his own music video. One does get the sense, too, that the other people interviewed about him aren't as frank as they might be."
Cast
Neymar
David Beckham
Lionel Messi
Kylian Mbappé
Marquinhos
Thiago Silva
Dani Alves
Luis Suárez
Episodes
Production
Daniel Sillman is an executive producer on the Netflix docuseries about Brazilian soccer star Neymar, Neymar: The Perfect Chaos.
References
External links
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos at IMDb
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos on Netflix
|
distributed by
|
{
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36
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|
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos is a 2022 Netflix docuseries about Brazilian professional football player Neymar. Directed by David Charles Rodrigues, it is in Portuguese with subtitles available in other languages and consists of three episodes chronicling Neymar's rise to stardom, both within and outside of football, as well as a deeper look at the relationship between Neymar and his father, also named Neymar. Executive producers include LeBron James and Maverick Carter. While Neymar is the main focus, the series also sees guest stars including: Lionel Messi, Kylian Mbappé, David Beckham, Marquinhos, and Luis Suárez.
Plot
The first episode, “The Great Brazilian Promise,” focuses on the first two decades of his life. In the beginning five minutes, viewers are given a quick summary of Neymar’s achievements and infamy through a reel of clips of important events in his life, before backtracking to his origin story. A present-day Neymar visits his hometown of Praia Grande in Brazil and talks about difficulties growing up without money as well as his time in Santos FC, at the end of which he wins the Copa Libertadores, allowing him to have his pick of European clubs to join. The episode concludes with his arrival at Camp Nou, the home stadium of FC Barcelona.
“The Comeback,” the second episode, mainly focuses on Neymar’s time at FC Barcelona, particularly the round of 16 knockout match in the UEFA Champions League between FC Barcelona and Paris Saint-Germain where Neymar was crucial in the team’s comeback victory, as well as the events in his personal life during it, including a scandal where Brazilian model Najila Trindade accuses Neymar of raping her. At the end of the episode, Neymar signs a 5-year contract to play for Paris Saint Germain.In the final episode, “This is Paris,” Neymar struggles to settle in at PSG and ponders the future of his career and personal life. The death of American basketball player Kobe Bryant is shown to be a turning point for Neymar, as he decides to focus on football more seriously and to leave a lasting legacy both on and off the field.
Reception
The series has an audience rating of 74% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. John Anderson, a critic from the Wall Street Journal, criticized the series for painting Neymar in a too-flattering light, stating "David Charles Rodrigues treats him, often enough, like the star of his own music video. One does get the sense, too, that the other people interviewed about him aren't as frank as they might be."
Cast
Neymar
David Beckham
Lionel Messi
Kylian Mbappé
Marquinhos
Thiago Silva
Dani Alves
Luis Suárez
Episodes
Production
Daniel Sillman is an executive producer on the Netflix docuseries about Brazilian soccer star Neymar, Neymar: The Perfect Chaos.
References
External links
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos at IMDb
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos on Netflix
|
main subject
|
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Neymar: The Perfect Chaos is a 2022 Netflix docuseries about Brazilian professional football player Neymar. Directed by David Charles Rodrigues, it is in Portuguese with subtitles available in other languages and consists of three episodes chronicling Neymar's rise to stardom, both within and outside of football, as well as a deeper look at the relationship between Neymar and his father, also named Neymar. Executive producers include LeBron James and Maverick Carter. While Neymar is the main focus, the series also sees guest stars including: Lionel Messi, Kylian Mbappé, David Beckham, Marquinhos, and Luis Suárez.
Plot
The first episode, “The Great Brazilian Promise,” focuses on the first two decades of his life. In the beginning five minutes, viewers are given a quick summary of Neymar’s achievements and infamy through a reel of clips of important events in his life, before backtracking to his origin story. A present-day Neymar visits his hometown of Praia Grande in Brazil and talks about difficulties growing up without money as well as his time in Santos FC, at the end of which he wins the Copa Libertadores, allowing him to have his pick of European clubs to join. The episode concludes with his arrival at Camp Nou, the home stadium of FC Barcelona.
“The Comeback,” the second episode, mainly focuses on Neymar’s time at FC Barcelona, particularly the round of 16 knockout match in the UEFA Champions League between FC Barcelona and Paris Saint-Germain where Neymar was crucial in the team’s comeback victory, as well as the events in his personal life during it, including a scandal where Brazilian model Najila Trindade accuses Neymar of raping her. At the end of the episode, Neymar signs a 5-year contract to play for Paris Saint Germain.In the final episode, “This is Paris,” Neymar struggles to settle in at PSG and ponders the future of his career and personal life. The death of American basketball player Kobe Bryant is shown to be a turning point for Neymar, as he decides to focus on football more seriously and to leave a lasting legacy both on and off the field.
Reception
The series has an audience rating of 74% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. John Anderson, a critic from the Wall Street Journal, criticized the series for painting Neymar in a too-flattering light, stating "David Charles Rodrigues treats him, often enough, like the star of his own music video. One does get the sense, too, that the other people interviewed about him aren't as frank as they might be."
Cast
Neymar
David Beckham
Lionel Messi
Kylian Mbappé
Marquinhos
Thiago Silva
Dani Alves
Luis Suárez
Episodes
Production
Daniel Sillman is an executive producer on the Netflix docuseries about Brazilian soccer star Neymar, Neymar: The Perfect Chaos.
References
External links
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos at IMDb
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos on Netflix
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Neymar: The Perfect Chaos"
]
}
|
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos is a 2022 Netflix docuseries about Brazilian professional football player Neymar. Directed by David Charles Rodrigues, it is in Portuguese with subtitles available in other languages and consists of three episodes chronicling Neymar's rise to stardom, both within and outside of football, as well as a deeper look at the relationship between Neymar and his father, also named Neymar. Executive producers include LeBron James and Maverick Carter. While Neymar is the main focus, the series also sees guest stars including: Lionel Messi, Kylian Mbappé, David Beckham, Marquinhos, and Luis Suárez.
Plot
The first episode, “The Great Brazilian Promise,” focuses on the first two decades of his life. In the beginning five minutes, viewers are given a quick summary of Neymar’s achievements and infamy through a reel of clips of important events in his life, before backtracking to his origin story. A present-day Neymar visits his hometown of Praia Grande in Brazil and talks about difficulties growing up without money as well as his time in Santos FC, at the end of which he wins the Copa Libertadores, allowing him to have his pick of European clubs to join. The episode concludes with his arrival at Camp Nou, the home stadium of FC Barcelona.
“The Comeback,” the second episode, mainly focuses on Neymar’s time at FC Barcelona, particularly the round of 16 knockout match in the UEFA Champions League between FC Barcelona and Paris Saint-Germain where Neymar was crucial in the team’s comeback victory, as well as the events in his personal life during it, including a scandal where Brazilian model Najila Trindade accuses Neymar of raping her. At the end of the episode, Neymar signs a 5-year contract to play for Paris Saint Germain.In the final episode, “This is Paris,” Neymar struggles to settle in at PSG and ponders the future of his career and personal life. The death of American basketball player Kobe Bryant is shown to be a turning point for Neymar, as he decides to focus on football more seriously and to leave a lasting legacy both on and off the field.
Reception
The series has an audience rating of 74% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. John Anderson, a critic from the Wall Street Journal, criticized the series for painting Neymar in a too-flattering light, stating "David Charles Rodrigues treats him, often enough, like the star of his own music video. One does get the sense, too, that the other people interviewed about him aren't as frank as they might be."
Cast
Neymar
David Beckham
Lionel Messi
Kylian Mbappé
Marquinhos
Thiago Silva
Dani Alves
Luis Suárez
Episodes
Production
Daniel Sillman is an executive producer on the Netflix docuseries about Brazilian soccer star Neymar, Neymar: The Perfect Chaos.
References
External links
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos at IMDb
Neymar: The Perfect Chaos on Netflix
|
number of seasons
|
{
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1382
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"text": [
"1"
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}
|
Shinui (Hebrew: שִׁינּוּי, lit. Change) was a Zionist, secular, and anti-clerical free market liberal party and political movement in Israel. The party twice became the third-largest in the Knesset, but both occasions were followed by a split and collapse; in 1977, the party won 15 seats as part of the Democratic Movement for Change, but the alliance split in 1978, and Shinui was reduced to two seats at the next elections. In 2003, the party won 15 seats alone, but lost them all three years later after most of its MKs left to form new parties. The party was a member of Liberal International until 2009.Though it had been the standard-bearer of economic liberalism and secularism in Israel for 30 years, the formation of Kadima robbed Shinui of its natural constituency, and in January 2006 the party split into small factions, none of which managed to overcome the 2% threshold needed to enter the Knesset.
History
1970s
As Israel made its transition from a developing nation into an economically prosperous one, a highly educated middle class emerged, tracing its historical political orientation to Labor Zionism. Many of these Israelis banded together to form Shinui.Shinui was established by business people and academics in 1974, following the 1973 Arab–Israeli Yom Kippur War, which shook the Israeli public. Prior to the 1977 elections, it formed an alliance with several other small liberal parties. Initially, the party was called Democrats–Shinui, but was soon changed to the Democratic Movement for Change, and, as with many parties in Israel, became popularly known by its acronym, Dash. The new party caught the public's imagination, with over 37,000 people signing up as members within a few weeks of its foundation. It also pioneered the use of primaries to choose its electoral list, something that was intended to show its democratic credentials and prevent cronyism. Previously, in Israel, party lists had been decided upon by the parties' committees, but since the late 1970s, almost many parties in Israel (with the exception of the ultra-Orthodox ones, Shas and United Torah Judaism; and many of the centrist parties, Yesh Atid, Hosen, Telem, and Kulanu) has followed Dash's lead and adopted the primaries system.The new party won 15 seats, the best performance by the third party since the 1961 elections. This made it the third-largest party after Menachem Begin's Likud and the Alignment, which had shrunk from 51 to 32 seats. However, Begin was still able to form a narrow 61-seat right-wing coalition with Shlomtzion (Ariel Sharon's party), the National Religious Party, and Agudat Israel.
Dash were invited into the coalition in November 1977, five months after the Knesset term had started. The party picked up several ministerial portfolios: Meir Amit was made Minister of Transportation and Minister of Communications, Shmuel Tamir became Minister of Justice, and Yigael Yadin was named as Deputy Prime Minister. However, the fact that Dash did not control the balance of power led to internal disagreements over its role. The alliance began to disintegrate, finally splitting in three on 14 September 1978, with seven MKs breaking away to from the Movement for Change and Initiative, which was later renamed Shinui, another seven founding the Democratic Movement, and Assaf Yaguri creating Ya'ad. Shinui (including Amit) and Ya'ad left the coalition, whilst the Democratic Movement, which included Tamir and Yadin, remained in the government. Two Shinui MKs defected to the Alignment, leaving the party with five seats in 1981.
1980s
In the 1981 elections, the party was reduced to two seats. In 1984, they won three seats, and were invited to join the national unity government, but pulled out of the coalition on 26 May 1987. Although the party gained an MK from the Alignment, it lost Mordechai Virshubski to Ratz. The party was renamed Shinui – The Center Party during certain periods.
By 1985, Liberal International was considering admitting Shinui as a member in place of the Liberal Party. While the Liberal Party had formed an alliance with Herut in the Likud bloc, Shinui was dovish and allied with the Labor Alignment. Shinui joined Liberal International as a member in 1986.
1990s
In the 1988 elections, Shinui presented a joint list with the New Liberal Party, and was reduced to two seats. Although the party gained an MK from the Alignment, they lost another to Ratz. However, in 1992, it joined with Ratz and Mapam to form the leftist alliance, Meretz. Meretz won 12 seats in the 1992 elections, and was Yitzhak Rabin's major coalition partners in his Labor-led government.
In 1996, the three parties decided to officially merge to form a united Meretz party. Although Shinui leader Amnon Rubinstein supported the merger, most party members sought to distance themselves from the leftist social-democratic elements in Meretz. Two MKs (out of the nine Meretz won in the 1996 elections) broke away to re-establish Shinui as an independent party in 1997 under the leadership of Avraham Poraz. In the run-up to the 1999 elections, the party's first independent electoral contest in 11 years, Poraz tried to brand the party as a representative of the middle class, and focused on reducing government intervention in the economy and tax burdens. However, this approach did not yield the party any new voters, and opinion polls predicted that Shinui would not make it past the threshold.
Meanwhile, Avraham Poraz's views and political activities, combined with his distance from Meretz's leftist stances and lack of public association between the two, won the support of TV celebrity Tommy Lapid, who was known for his fierce rhetoric against religious coercion. As a result of last-minute negotiations between the two, the party changed its name to Shinui – the Secular Movement, and reserved the most electable positions on the Shinui list to Lapid and his associates at the expense of established Shinui members. For example, Lapid himself, who was not a party member at the time, was given the first place on the list, traditionally reserved to the party leader, while Poraz (who remained Shinui's formal party leader) was relegated to second place.
In the elections, Shinui won 6 seats, and announced its refusal to join any coalition that includes the ultra-Orthodox parties Shas and United Torah Judaism. As a result of this relative success in the 1999 elections, Lapid and his representatives formally joined the Shinui party, with the party leadership passing from Poraz to Lapid.
2000s
In the 2003 elections, the party won 15 seats, making it the third-largest in the Knesset. Ariel Sharon invited the party to form a secular coalition, with Shinui taking several key ministerial positions, including the Internal Affairs ministry, a key position in the secular-religious struggle. The party used its bargaining power to close down the Religious Affairs ministry.
Shinui presented itself as centrist on security issues.
Paritzky affair
In July 2004, a tape recording of Shinui MK and Minister of Infrastructure Yosef Paritzki was exposed. In the tape, Paritzki was heard to ask a private investigator to investigate the actions of his Shinui colleague Avraham Poraz. The private investigator was probably paid by the workers' union of Israel's Power Company (IPC), which wanted to prevent a law bill by Poraz denying the IPC workers many privileges they currently hold.
In response, Shinui publicly denounced and condemned Paritzki, and asked Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to fire Paritzki from the cabinet, and called on Paritzki to resign from the Knesset and leave Shinui. Paritzki refused, and blamed Shinui and other factors in a plot against him; he eventually formed his own party, Tzalash. A criminal investigation was ended without any indictment or any further legal proceedings.
Religious parties join the coalition
In August 2004, Sharon initiated coalition negotiations with several other parties after he lost the government majority required to support his disengagement plan. Although he preferred to form a Likud–Labor–Shinui "secular unity" government, this was thwarted by Likud MKs. Sharon then started negotiations with Shas and United Torah Judaism (UTJ). Although Shinui had vowed not to sit in a coalition with either party, after significant pressure from Sharon, and to avoid being blamed for thwarting the implementation of the disengagement plan, Lapid retracted his vow, and agreed to let UTJ join the coalition if they would agree to the government's principles.
Shinui out of the cabinet
On 1 December 2004, Shinui voted against Sharon's 2005 budget, which included subsidies to UTJ projects. In response, Sharon fired the Shinui ministers from the cabinet. On 10 January 2005, Labor joined the coalition, replacing Shinui. However, the party continued to support the disengagement and Finance Minister Binyamin Netanyahu's financial reforms. Following its departure from the government, the party formed a Shadow cabinet and was renamed Shinui – Party for the Secular and the Middle Class.
Poraz affair and party split
In June 2005, Poraz was confronted by party activists who accused him and Lapid of dictatorial control of the party, and was recorded by them offering vacation flights out of the country and other financial favours. The tape reached Maariv, which at the time was running its "Where is the Shame" anti-corruption campaign led by its editor Amnon Dankner and top columnist Dan Margalit. However, the affair generated little publicity, as the party was outside the government. Nevertheless, the issues were brought to a head in September 2005 when Rubinstein criticized Lapid for stifling criticism and not engaging efforts to expand the party's membership.
On 12 January 2006, the party held internal primary elections in preparation for the elections that year. In a surprise result, Ron Levintal beat Poraz in the contest for second place on the party's list behind Lapid (who was re-elected with 53% of the votes). This resulted in the party splitting, with five MKs (Poraz, Ilan Shalgi, Meli Polishook-Bloch, Eti Livni, and Roni Brizon) leaving the party to form a new party they claimed would represent the "real Shinui". On 25 January, Lapid resigned as party chairman, and left the party, declaring it no longer worthy of support. By then, a total of eleven MKs had left Shinui and formed a new party, the Secular Faction (later renamed Hetz), led by Poraz and supported by Lapid. After Yigal Yasinov also left the party, Shinui was left with only two MKs, Ehud Rassabi and Ilan Leibovitch.
Before the elections, Levintal made several conciliatory gestures toward Hetz, attempting negotiations with them, the anti-corruption Tafnit party led by Uzi Dayan, and former Prime Minister Ehud Barak over the prospect of forming a united front, but to no avail. In the election, Shinui won just 4,675 votes, 0.16% of the total, well below the 2% (62,741 votes) electoral threshold. Hetz won only 10,113 votes, meaning that both parties lost their Knesset representation.
Since the 2006 Knesset elections
The party did not run in the 2009 Knesset elections, and has not run in any subsequent national elections. It participated in combination with other parties, however, in the 2008 municipal elections in Haifa (led by Shlomo Gilboa), and won two seats. Shinui also participated in Tel Aviv-Yafo under the name Tel Avivim (led by Ron Levintal), but did not win any seats.
In 2012, Tommy Lapid's son, Yair Lapid, formed Yesh Atid, a secularist, centrist, liberal Zionist party that won 19 seats in the 2013 Knesset elections, making it the Kneeset's second-largest party, and 11 seats in the 2015 Knesset elections. Yesh Atid is widely considered to be in the same tradition as Shinui, and has largely absorbed its electoral base.
Ideology
Religion and state
Despite nearly 30 years of public support of liberal-capitalist economic and social policies, its best known platform plank is a call for separation of religion and state within the confines of Zionist ideology. It demands civil marriage (although it has opposed a bill to enact it in March 2004), the operation of public transportation, businesses, theaters, etc., on Shabbat, removal of laws concerning selling and importing non-kosher food, drafting of ultra-Orthodox Jews into the IDF, and a halt to payments to yeshiva students.
Because of such demands, and the inflammatory tone of its current leadership, it was sometimes accused of being anti-religious or hating the religious, and so, some, including many secular people who would otherwise agree with its platform, would not vote for it. The party's official position was that it does not oppose religion, but merely seeks to mend the inequities that exist because of religion. Their television campaign for the 2006 elections showed ultra-Orthodox Jews dragging onto secular voter, and as the secular man votes for Shinui, all the ultra-Orthodox vanish in midair.
Shinui supported gay rights, and conforming to its liberal orientation, Shinui adopted a unanimous resolution to create an in-party forum for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people.
Economy
Economically, Shinui supported a free market, privatization of public assets, and a lowering of taxes, especially taxes on the upper class. The party also objected to the introduction of a progressive estate tax.
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Shinui's position on Israeli–Palestinian conflict was in accord with the mainstream centrist consensus. It supported achieving peace with the Palestinians even at the cost of territorial concessions. Shinui also supported the anti-terrorist policies of Ariel Sharon's government, such as the killing of Hamas leader Ahmed Yassin.
Shinui supported negotiation with the Palestinians concerning the final status and a Palestinian state, which would include removal of Israeli settlements and withdrawal from most of the West Bank and Gaza. It asserted that both the Right and Left misled the public - the Right by claiming that only force will solve the problem, and the Left by claiming that there is a Palestinian partner for peace.
Shinui strongly supported the Israeli West Bank barrier and the disengagement plan.
Political ethics and the fight against corruption
Shinui proclaimed itself as a defender of political purity and lawful conduct. It promised to set an example for an uncorrupted party whose members are not suspected of involvement in criminal activity or financial irregularities. Shinui saw itself as an antithesis to Shas, many of whose MKs have been convicted in various corruption probes. Accordingly, Lapid requested and received the Justice and Internal Affairs ministries when in government (the latter having been formerly held by Shas). Shinui also frequently praised the Supreme Court of Israel as a guardian of the law and moral values.
== Leaders of Shinui ==
|
country
|
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Shinui (Hebrew: שִׁינּוּי, lit. Change) was a Zionist, secular, and anti-clerical free market liberal party and political movement in Israel. The party twice became the third-largest in the Knesset, but both occasions were followed by a split and collapse; in 1977, the party won 15 seats as part of the Democratic Movement for Change, but the alliance split in 1978, and Shinui was reduced to two seats at the next elections. In 2003, the party won 15 seats alone, but lost them all three years later after most of its MKs left to form new parties. The party was a member of Liberal International until 2009.Though it had been the standard-bearer of economic liberalism and secularism in Israel for 30 years, the formation of Kadima robbed Shinui of its natural constituency, and in January 2006 the party split into small factions, none of which managed to overcome the 2% threshold needed to enter the Knesset.
History
1970s
As Israel made its transition from a developing nation into an economically prosperous one, a highly educated middle class emerged, tracing its historical political orientation to Labor Zionism. Many of these Israelis banded together to form Shinui.Shinui was established by business people and academics in 1974, following the 1973 Arab–Israeli Yom Kippur War, which shook the Israeli public. Prior to the 1977 elections, it formed an alliance with several other small liberal parties. Initially, the party was called Democrats–Shinui, but was soon changed to the Democratic Movement for Change, and, as with many parties in Israel, became popularly known by its acronym, Dash. The new party caught the public's imagination, with over 37,000 people signing up as members within a few weeks of its foundation. It also pioneered the use of primaries to choose its electoral list, something that was intended to show its democratic credentials and prevent cronyism. Previously, in Israel, party lists had been decided upon by the parties' committees, but since the late 1970s, almost many parties in Israel (with the exception of the ultra-Orthodox ones, Shas and United Torah Judaism; and many of the centrist parties, Yesh Atid, Hosen, Telem, and Kulanu) has followed Dash's lead and adopted the primaries system.The new party won 15 seats, the best performance by the third party since the 1961 elections. This made it the third-largest party after Menachem Begin's Likud and the Alignment, which had shrunk from 51 to 32 seats. However, Begin was still able to form a narrow 61-seat right-wing coalition with Shlomtzion (Ariel Sharon's party), the National Religious Party, and Agudat Israel.
Dash were invited into the coalition in November 1977, five months after the Knesset term had started. The party picked up several ministerial portfolios: Meir Amit was made Minister of Transportation and Minister of Communications, Shmuel Tamir became Minister of Justice, and Yigael Yadin was named as Deputy Prime Minister. However, the fact that Dash did not control the balance of power led to internal disagreements over its role. The alliance began to disintegrate, finally splitting in three on 14 September 1978, with seven MKs breaking away to from the Movement for Change and Initiative, which was later renamed Shinui, another seven founding the Democratic Movement, and Assaf Yaguri creating Ya'ad. Shinui (including Amit) and Ya'ad left the coalition, whilst the Democratic Movement, which included Tamir and Yadin, remained in the government. Two Shinui MKs defected to the Alignment, leaving the party with five seats in 1981.
1980s
In the 1981 elections, the party was reduced to two seats. In 1984, they won three seats, and were invited to join the national unity government, but pulled out of the coalition on 26 May 1987. Although the party gained an MK from the Alignment, it lost Mordechai Virshubski to Ratz. The party was renamed Shinui – The Center Party during certain periods.
By 1985, Liberal International was considering admitting Shinui as a member in place of the Liberal Party. While the Liberal Party had formed an alliance with Herut in the Likud bloc, Shinui was dovish and allied with the Labor Alignment. Shinui joined Liberal International as a member in 1986.
1990s
In the 1988 elections, Shinui presented a joint list with the New Liberal Party, and was reduced to two seats. Although the party gained an MK from the Alignment, they lost another to Ratz. However, in 1992, it joined with Ratz and Mapam to form the leftist alliance, Meretz. Meretz won 12 seats in the 1992 elections, and was Yitzhak Rabin's major coalition partners in his Labor-led government.
In 1996, the three parties decided to officially merge to form a united Meretz party. Although Shinui leader Amnon Rubinstein supported the merger, most party members sought to distance themselves from the leftist social-democratic elements in Meretz. Two MKs (out of the nine Meretz won in the 1996 elections) broke away to re-establish Shinui as an independent party in 1997 under the leadership of Avraham Poraz. In the run-up to the 1999 elections, the party's first independent electoral contest in 11 years, Poraz tried to brand the party as a representative of the middle class, and focused on reducing government intervention in the economy and tax burdens. However, this approach did not yield the party any new voters, and opinion polls predicted that Shinui would not make it past the threshold.
Meanwhile, Avraham Poraz's views and political activities, combined with his distance from Meretz's leftist stances and lack of public association between the two, won the support of TV celebrity Tommy Lapid, who was known for his fierce rhetoric against religious coercion. As a result of last-minute negotiations between the two, the party changed its name to Shinui – the Secular Movement, and reserved the most electable positions on the Shinui list to Lapid and his associates at the expense of established Shinui members. For example, Lapid himself, who was not a party member at the time, was given the first place on the list, traditionally reserved to the party leader, while Poraz (who remained Shinui's formal party leader) was relegated to second place.
In the elections, Shinui won 6 seats, and announced its refusal to join any coalition that includes the ultra-Orthodox parties Shas and United Torah Judaism. As a result of this relative success in the 1999 elections, Lapid and his representatives formally joined the Shinui party, with the party leadership passing from Poraz to Lapid.
2000s
In the 2003 elections, the party won 15 seats, making it the third-largest in the Knesset. Ariel Sharon invited the party to form a secular coalition, with Shinui taking several key ministerial positions, including the Internal Affairs ministry, a key position in the secular-religious struggle. The party used its bargaining power to close down the Religious Affairs ministry.
Shinui presented itself as centrist on security issues.
Paritzky affair
In July 2004, a tape recording of Shinui MK and Minister of Infrastructure Yosef Paritzki was exposed. In the tape, Paritzki was heard to ask a private investigator to investigate the actions of his Shinui colleague Avraham Poraz. The private investigator was probably paid by the workers' union of Israel's Power Company (IPC), which wanted to prevent a law bill by Poraz denying the IPC workers many privileges they currently hold.
In response, Shinui publicly denounced and condemned Paritzki, and asked Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to fire Paritzki from the cabinet, and called on Paritzki to resign from the Knesset and leave Shinui. Paritzki refused, and blamed Shinui and other factors in a plot against him; he eventually formed his own party, Tzalash. A criminal investigation was ended without any indictment or any further legal proceedings.
Religious parties join the coalition
In August 2004, Sharon initiated coalition negotiations with several other parties after he lost the government majority required to support his disengagement plan. Although he preferred to form a Likud–Labor–Shinui "secular unity" government, this was thwarted by Likud MKs. Sharon then started negotiations with Shas and United Torah Judaism (UTJ). Although Shinui had vowed not to sit in a coalition with either party, after significant pressure from Sharon, and to avoid being blamed for thwarting the implementation of the disengagement plan, Lapid retracted his vow, and agreed to let UTJ join the coalition if they would agree to the government's principles.
Shinui out of the cabinet
On 1 December 2004, Shinui voted against Sharon's 2005 budget, which included subsidies to UTJ projects. In response, Sharon fired the Shinui ministers from the cabinet. On 10 January 2005, Labor joined the coalition, replacing Shinui. However, the party continued to support the disengagement and Finance Minister Binyamin Netanyahu's financial reforms. Following its departure from the government, the party formed a Shadow cabinet and was renamed Shinui – Party for the Secular and the Middle Class.
Poraz affair and party split
In June 2005, Poraz was confronted by party activists who accused him and Lapid of dictatorial control of the party, and was recorded by them offering vacation flights out of the country and other financial favours. The tape reached Maariv, which at the time was running its "Where is the Shame" anti-corruption campaign led by its editor Amnon Dankner and top columnist Dan Margalit. However, the affair generated little publicity, as the party was outside the government. Nevertheless, the issues were brought to a head in September 2005 when Rubinstein criticized Lapid for stifling criticism and not engaging efforts to expand the party's membership.
On 12 January 2006, the party held internal primary elections in preparation for the elections that year. In a surprise result, Ron Levintal beat Poraz in the contest for second place on the party's list behind Lapid (who was re-elected with 53% of the votes). This resulted in the party splitting, with five MKs (Poraz, Ilan Shalgi, Meli Polishook-Bloch, Eti Livni, and Roni Brizon) leaving the party to form a new party they claimed would represent the "real Shinui". On 25 January, Lapid resigned as party chairman, and left the party, declaring it no longer worthy of support. By then, a total of eleven MKs had left Shinui and formed a new party, the Secular Faction (later renamed Hetz), led by Poraz and supported by Lapid. After Yigal Yasinov also left the party, Shinui was left with only two MKs, Ehud Rassabi and Ilan Leibovitch.
Before the elections, Levintal made several conciliatory gestures toward Hetz, attempting negotiations with them, the anti-corruption Tafnit party led by Uzi Dayan, and former Prime Minister Ehud Barak over the prospect of forming a united front, but to no avail. In the election, Shinui won just 4,675 votes, 0.16% of the total, well below the 2% (62,741 votes) electoral threshold. Hetz won only 10,113 votes, meaning that both parties lost their Knesset representation.
Since the 2006 Knesset elections
The party did not run in the 2009 Knesset elections, and has not run in any subsequent national elections. It participated in combination with other parties, however, in the 2008 municipal elections in Haifa (led by Shlomo Gilboa), and won two seats. Shinui also participated in Tel Aviv-Yafo under the name Tel Avivim (led by Ron Levintal), but did not win any seats.
In 2012, Tommy Lapid's son, Yair Lapid, formed Yesh Atid, a secularist, centrist, liberal Zionist party that won 19 seats in the 2013 Knesset elections, making it the Kneeset's second-largest party, and 11 seats in the 2015 Knesset elections. Yesh Atid is widely considered to be in the same tradition as Shinui, and has largely absorbed its electoral base.
Ideology
Religion and state
Despite nearly 30 years of public support of liberal-capitalist economic and social policies, its best known platform plank is a call for separation of religion and state within the confines of Zionist ideology. It demands civil marriage (although it has opposed a bill to enact it in March 2004), the operation of public transportation, businesses, theaters, etc., on Shabbat, removal of laws concerning selling and importing non-kosher food, drafting of ultra-Orthodox Jews into the IDF, and a halt to payments to yeshiva students.
Because of such demands, and the inflammatory tone of its current leadership, it was sometimes accused of being anti-religious or hating the religious, and so, some, including many secular people who would otherwise agree with its platform, would not vote for it. The party's official position was that it does not oppose religion, but merely seeks to mend the inequities that exist because of religion. Their television campaign for the 2006 elections showed ultra-Orthodox Jews dragging onto secular voter, and as the secular man votes for Shinui, all the ultra-Orthodox vanish in midair.
Shinui supported gay rights, and conforming to its liberal orientation, Shinui adopted a unanimous resolution to create an in-party forum for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people.
Economy
Economically, Shinui supported a free market, privatization of public assets, and a lowering of taxes, especially taxes on the upper class. The party also objected to the introduction of a progressive estate tax.
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Shinui's position on Israeli–Palestinian conflict was in accord with the mainstream centrist consensus. It supported achieving peace with the Palestinians even at the cost of territorial concessions. Shinui also supported the anti-terrorist policies of Ariel Sharon's government, such as the killing of Hamas leader Ahmed Yassin.
Shinui supported negotiation with the Palestinians concerning the final status and a Palestinian state, which would include removal of Israeli settlements and withdrawal from most of the West Bank and Gaza. It asserted that both the Right and Left misled the public - the Right by claiming that only force will solve the problem, and the Left by claiming that there is a Palestinian partner for peace.
Shinui strongly supported the Israeli West Bank barrier and the disengagement plan.
Political ethics and the fight against corruption
Shinui proclaimed itself as a defender of political purity and lawful conduct. It promised to set an example for an uncorrupted party whose members are not suspected of involvement in criminal activity or financial irregularities. Shinui saw itself as an antithesis to Shas, many of whose MKs have been convicted in various corruption probes. Accordingly, Lapid requested and received the Justice and Internal Affairs ministries when in government (the latter having been formerly held by Shas). Shinui also frequently praised the Supreme Court of Israel as a guardian of the law and moral values.
== Leaders of Shinui ==
|
followed by
|
{
"answer_start": [
4501
],
"text": [
"Meretz"
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}
|
Shinui (Hebrew: שִׁינּוּי, lit. Change) was a Zionist, secular, and anti-clerical free market liberal party and political movement in Israel. The party twice became the third-largest in the Knesset, but both occasions were followed by a split and collapse; in 1977, the party won 15 seats as part of the Democratic Movement for Change, but the alliance split in 1978, and Shinui was reduced to two seats at the next elections. In 2003, the party won 15 seats alone, but lost them all three years later after most of its MKs left to form new parties. The party was a member of Liberal International until 2009.Though it had been the standard-bearer of economic liberalism and secularism in Israel for 30 years, the formation of Kadima robbed Shinui of its natural constituency, and in January 2006 the party split into small factions, none of which managed to overcome the 2% threshold needed to enter the Knesset.
History
1970s
As Israel made its transition from a developing nation into an economically prosperous one, a highly educated middle class emerged, tracing its historical political orientation to Labor Zionism. Many of these Israelis banded together to form Shinui.Shinui was established by business people and academics in 1974, following the 1973 Arab–Israeli Yom Kippur War, which shook the Israeli public. Prior to the 1977 elections, it formed an alliance with several other small liberal parties. Initially, the party was called Democrats–Shinui, but was soon changed to the Democratic Movement for Change, and, as with many parties in Israel, became popularly known by its acronym, Dash. The new party caught the public's imagination, with over 37,000 people signing up as members within a few weeks of its foundation. It also pioneered the use of primaries to choose its electoral list, something that was intended to show its democratic credentials and prevent cronyism. Previously, in Israel, party lists had been decided upon by the parties' committees, but since the late 1970s, almost many parties in Israel (with the exception of the ultra-Orthodox ones, Shas and United Torah Judaism; and many of the centrist parties, Yesh Atid, Hosen, Telem, and Kulanu) has followed Dash's lead and adopted the primaries system.The new party won 15 seats, the best performance by the third party since the 1961 elections. This made it the third-largest party after Menachem Begin's Likud and the Alignment, which had shrunk from 51 to 32 seats. However, Begin was still able to form a narrow 61-seat right-wing coalition with Shlomtzion (Ariel Sharon's party), the National Religious Party, and Agudat Israel.
Dash were invited into the coalition in November 1977, five months after the Knesset term had started. The party picked up several ministerial portfolios: Meir Amit was made Minister of Transportation and Minister of Communications, Shmuel Tamir became Minister of Justice, and Yigael Yadin was named as Deputy Prime Minister. However, the fact that Dash did not control the balance of power led to internal disagreements over its role. The alliance began to disintegrate, finally splitting in three on 14 September 1978, with seven MKs breaking away to from the Movement for Change and Initiative, which was later renamed Shinui, another seven founding the Democratic Movement, and Assaf Yaguri creating Ya'ad. Shinui (including Amit) and Ya'ad left the coalition, whilst the Democratic Movement, which included Tamir and Yadin, remained in the government. Two Shinui MKs defected to the Alignment, leaving the party with five seats in 1981.
1980s
In the 1981 elections, the party was reduced to two seats. In 1984, they won three seats, and were invited to join the national unity government, but pulled out of the coalition on 26 May 1987. Although the party gained an MK from the Alignment, it lost Mordechai Virshubski to Ratz. The party was renamed Shinui – The Center Party during certain periods.
By 1985, Liberal International was considering admitting Shinui as a member in place of the Liberal Party. While the Liberal Party had formed an alliance with Herut in the Likud bloc, Shinui was dovish and allied with the Labor Alignment. Shinui joined Liberal International as a member in 1986.
1990s
In the 1988 elections, Shinui presented a joint list with the New Liberal Party, and was reduced to two seats. Although the party gained an MK from the Alignment, they lost another to Ratz. However, in 1992, it joined with Ratz and Mapam to form the leftist alliance, Meretz. Meretz won 12 seats in the 1992 elections, and was Yitzhak Rabin's major coalition partners in his Labor-led government.
In 1996, the three parties decided to officially merge to form a united Meretz party. Although Shinui leader Amnon Rubinstein supported the merger, most party members sought to distance themselves from the leftist social-democratic elements in Meretz. Two MKs (out of the nine Meretz won in the 1996 elections) broke away to re-establish Shinui as an independent party in 1997 under the leadership of Avraham Poraz. In the run-up to the 1999 elections, the party's first independent electoral contest in 11 years, Poraz tried to brand the party as a representative of the middle class, and focused on reducing government intervention in the economy and tax burdens. However, this approach did not yield the party any new voters, and opinion polls predicted that Shinui would not make it past the threshold.
Meanwhile, Avraham Poraz's views and political activities, combined with his distance from Meretz's leftist stances and lack of public association between the two, won the support of TV celebrity Tommy Lapid, who was known for his fierce rhetoric against religious coercion. As a result of last-minute negotiations between the two, the party changed its name to Shinui – the Secular Movement, and reserved the most electable positions on the Shinui list to Lapid and his associates at the expense of established Shinui members. For example, Lapid himself, who was not a party member at the time, was given the first place on the list, traditionally reserved to the party leader, while Poraz (who remained Shinui's formal party leader) was relegated to second place.
In the elections, Shinui won 6 seats, and announced its refusal to join any coalition that includes the ultra-Orthodox parties Shas and United Torah Judaism. As a result of this relative success in the 1999 elections, Lapid and his representatives formally joined the Shinui party, with the party leadership passing from Poraz to Lapid.
2000s
In the 2003 elections, the party won 15 seats, making it the third-largest in the Knesset. Ariel Sharon invited the party to form a secular coalition, with Shinui taking several key ministerial positions, including the Internal Affairs ministry, a key position in the secular-religious struggle. The party used its bargaining power to close down the Religious Affairs ministry.
Shinui presented itself as centrist on security issues.
Paritzky affair
In July 2004, a tape recording of Shinui MK and Minister of Infrastructure Yosef Paritzki was exposed. In the tape, Paritzki was heard to ask a private investigator to investigate the actions of his Shinui colleague Avraham Poraz. The private investigator was probably paid by the workers' union of Israel's Power Company (IPC), which wanted to prevent a law bill by Poraz denying the IPC workers many privileges they currently hold.
In response, Shinui publicly denounced and condemned Paritzki, and asked Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to fire Paritzki from the cabinet, and called on Paritzki to resign from the Knesset and leave Shinui. Paritzki refused, and blamed Shinui and other factors in a plot against him; he eventually formed his own party, Tzalash. A criminal investigation was ended without any indictment or any further legal proceedings.
Religious parties join the coalition
In August 2004, Sharon initiated coalition negotiations with several other parties after he lost the government majority required to support his disengagement plan. Although he preferred to form a Likud–Labor–Shinui "secular unity" government, this was thwarted by Likud MKs. Sharon then started negotiations with Shas and United Torah Judaism (UTJ). Although Shinui had vowed not to sit in a coalition with either party, after significant pressure from Sharon, and to avoid being blamed for thwarting the implementation of the disengagement plan, Lapid retracted his vow, and agreed to let UTJ join the coalition if they would agree to the government's principles.
Shinui out of the cabinet
On 1 December 2004, Shinui voted against Sharon's 2005 budget, which included subsidies to UTJ projects. In response, Sharon fired the Shinui ministers from the cabinet. On 10 January 2005, Labor joined the coalition, replacing Shinui. However, the party continued to support the disengagement and Finance Minister Binyamin Netanyahu's financial reforms. Following its departure from the government, the party formed a Shadow cabinet and was renamed Shinui – Party for the Secular and the Middle Class.
Poraz affair and party split
In June 2005, Poraz was confronted by party activists who accused him and Lapid of dictatorial control of the party, and was recorded by them offering vacation flights out of the country and other financial favours. The tape reached Maariv, which at the time was running its "Where is the Shame" anti-corruption campaign led by its editor Amnon Dankner and top columnist Dan Margalit. However, the affair generated little publicity, as the party was outside the government. Nevertheless, the issues were brought to a head in September 2005 when Rubinstein criticized Lapid for stifling criticism and not engaging efforts to expand the party's membership.
On 12 January 2006, the party held internal primary elections in preparation for the elections that year. In a surprise result, Ron Levintal beat Poraz in the contest for second place on the party's list behind Lapid (who was re-elected with 53% of the votes). This resulted in the party splitting, with five MKs (Poraz, Ilan Shalgi, Meli Polishook-Bloch, Eti Livni, and Roni Brizon) leaving the party to form a new party they claimed would represent the "real Shinui". On 25 January, Lapid resigned as party chairman, and left the party, declaring it no longer worthy of support. By then, a total of eleven MKs had left Shinui and formed a new party, the Secular Faction (later renamed Hetz), led by Poraz and supported by Lapid. After Yigal Yasinov also left the party, Shinui was left with only two MKs, Ehud Rassabi and Ilan Leibovitch.
Before the elections, Levintal made several conciliatory gestures toward Hetz, attempting negotiations with them, the anti-corruption Tafnit party led by Uzi Dayan, and former Prime Minister Ehud Barak over the prospect of forming a united front, but to no avail. In the election, Shinui won just 4,675 votes, 0.16% of the total, well below the 2% (62,741 votes) electoral threshold. Hetz won only 10,113 votes, meaning that both parties lost their Knesset representation.
Since the 2006 Knesset elections
The party did not run in the 2009 Knesset elections, and has not run in any subsequent national elections. It participated in combination with other parties, however, in the 2008 municipal elections in Haifa (led by Shlomo Gilboa), and won two seats. Shinui also participated in Tel Aviv-Yafo under the name Tel Avivim (led by Ron Levintal), but did not win any seats.
In 2012, Tommy Lapid's son, Yair Lapid, formed Yesh Atid, a secularist, centrist, liberal Zionist party that won 19 seats in the 2013 Knesset elections, making it the Kneeset's second-largest party, and 11 seats in the 2015 Knesset elections. Yesh Atid is widely considered to be in the same tradition as Shinui, and has largely absorbed its electoral base.
Ideology
Religion and state
Despite nearly 30 years of public support of liberal-capitalist economic and social policies, its best known platform plank is a call for separation of religion and state within the confines of Zionist ideology. It demands civil marriage (although it has opposed a bill to enact it in March 2004), the operation of public transportation, businesses, theaters, etc., on Shabbat, removal of laws concerning selling and importing non-kosher food, drafting of ultra-Orthodox Jews into the IDF, and a halt to payments to yeshiva students.
Because of such demands, and the inflammatory tone of its current leadership, it was sometimes accused of being anti-religious or hating the religious, and so, some, including many secular people who would otherwise agree with its platform, would not vote for it. The party's official position was that it does not oppose religion, but merely seeks to mend the inequities that exist because of religion. Their television campaign for the 2006 elections showed ultra-Orthodox Jews dragging onto secular voter, and as the secular man votes for Shinui, all the ultra-Orthodox vanish in midair.
Shinui supported gay rights, and conforming to its liberal orientation, Shinui adopted a unanimous resolution to create an in-party forum for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people.
Economy
Economically, Shinui supported a free market, privatization of public assets, and a lowering of taxes, especially taxes on the upper class. The party also objected to the introduction of a progressive estate tax.
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Shinui's position on Israeli–Palestinian conflict was in accord with the mainstream centrist consensus. It supported achieving peace with the Palestinians even at the cost of territorial concessions. Shinui also supported the anti-terrorist policies of Ariel Sharon's government, such as the killing of Hamas leader Ahmed Yassin.
Shinui supported negotiation with the Palestinians concerning the final status and a Palestinian state, which would include removal of Israeli settlements and withdrawal from most of the West Bank and Gaza. It asserted that both the Right and Left misled the public - the Right by claiming that only force will solve the problem, and the Left by claiming that there is a Palestinian partner for peace.
Shinui strongly supported the Israeli West Bank barrier and the disengagement plan.
Political ethics and the fight against corruption
Shinui proclaimed itself as a defender of political purity and lawful conduct. It promised to set an example for an uncorrupted party whose members are not suspected of involvement in criminal activity or financial irregularities. Shinui saw itself as an antithesis to Shas, many of whose MKs have been convicted in various corruption probes. Accordingly, Lapid requested and received the Justice and Internal Affairs ministries when in government (the latter having been formerly held by Shas). Shinui also frequently praised the Supreme Court of Israel as a guardian of the law and moral values.
== Leaders of Shinui ==
|
political ideology
|
{
"answer_start": [
660
],
"text": [
"liberalism"
]
}
|
Mohamad Radwan Kalaji (Arabic: محمد رضوان قلعجي) (born 19 January 1992 in Aleppo, Syria) is a Syrian footballer. He currently plays for Al-Ittihad, which competes in the Syrian League the top division in Syria. He plays as a midfielder, wearing the number 14 jersey for Al-Ittihad. A product of Al-Ittihad's youth system, he made his first-team breakthrough under manager Valeriu Tița during the 2009–10 season.
He helped Al-Ittihad reach the final of the AFC Cup the second most important association cup in Asia. Al-Ittihad won the final against Kuwaiti Premier League champions Al-Qadsia after penalties. The game was tied 1–1 after regular time and Extra Time.Kalaji was a part of the Syrian U-16 national team at the 2008 AFC U-16 Championship in Uzbekistan and he was a part of the Syrian U-19 national team at the 2010 AFC U-19 Championship in China, he scored one goal against Thailand in the first match of the group-stage.
Honour and Titles
Club
Al-Ittihad
Syrian Cup: 2011
AFC Cup: 2010Al-Muharraq
Bahraini King's Cup: 2013
== References ==
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"Aleppo"
]
}
|
Mohamad Radwan Kalaji (Arabic: محمد رضوان قلعجي) (born 19 January 1992 in Aleppo, Syria) is a Syrian footballer. He currently plays for Al-Ittihad, which competes in the Syrian League the top division in Syria. He plays as a midfielder, wearing the number 14 jersey for Al-Ittihad. A product of Al-Ittihad's youth system, he made his first-team breakthrough under manager Valeriu Tița during the 2009–10 season.
He helped Al-Ittihad reach the final of the AFC Cup the second most important association cup in Asia. Al-Ittihad won the final against Kuwaiti Premier League champions Al-Qadsia after penalties. The game was tied 1–1 after regular time and Extra Time.Kalaji was a part of the Syrian U-16 national team at the 2008 AFC U-16 Championship in Uzbekistan and he was a part of the Syrian U-19 national team at the 2010 AFC U-19 Championship in China, he scored one goal against Thailand in the first match of the group-stage.
Honour and Titles
Club
Al-Ittihad
Syrian Cup: 2011
AFC Cup: 2010Al-Muharraq
Bahraini King's Cup: 2013
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"Syria"
]
}
|
Mohamad Radwan Kalaji (Arabic: محمد رضوان قلعجي) (born 19 January 1992 in Aleppo, Syria) is a Syrian footballer. He currently plays for Al-Ittihad, which competes in the Syrian League the top division in Syria. He plays as a midfielder, wearing the number 14 jersey for Al-Ittihad. A product of Al-Ittihad's youth system, he made his first-team breakthrough under manager Valeriu Tița during the 2009–10 season.
He helped Al-Ittihad reach the final of the AFC Cup the second most important association cup in Asia. Al-Ittihad won the final against Kuwaiti Premier League champions Al-Qadsia after penalties. The game was tied 1–1 after regular time and Extra Time.Kalaji was a part of the Syrian U-16 national team at the 2008 AFC U-16 Championship in Uzbekistan and he was a part of the Syrian U-19 national team at the 2010 AFC U-19 Championship in China, he scored one goal against Thailand in the first match of the group-stage.
Honour and Titles
Club
Al-Ittihad
Syrian Cup: 2011
AFC Cup: 2010Al-Muharraq
Bahraini King's Cup: 2013
== References ==
|
position played on team / speciality
|
{
"answer_start": [
225
],
"text": [
"midfielder"
]
}
|
Mohamad Radwan Kalaji (Arabic: محمد رضوان قلعجي) (born 19 January 1992 in Aleppo, Syria) is a Syrian footballer. He currently plays for Al-Ittihad, which competes in the Syrian League the top division in Syria. He plays as a midfielder, wearing the number 14 jersey for Al-Ittihad. A product of Al-Ittihad's youth system, he made his first-team breakthrough under manager Valeriu Tița during the 2009–10 season.
He helped Al-Ittihad reach the final of the AFC Cup the second most important association cup in Asia. Al-Ittihad won the final against Kuwaiti Premier League champions Al-Qadsia after penalties. The game was tied 1–1 after regular time and Extra Time.Kalaji was a part of the Syrian U-16 national team at the 2008 AFC U-16 Championship in Uzbekistan and he was a part of the Syrian U-19 national team at the 2010 AFC U-19 Championship in China, he scored one goal against Thailand in the first match of the group-stage.
Honour and Titles
Club
Al-Ittihad
Syrian Cup: 2011
AFC Cup: 2010Al-Muharraq
Bahraini King's Cup: 2013
== References ==
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"Arabic"
]
}
|
Bundesautobahn 270 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 270, short form Autobahn 270, abbreviated as BAB 270 or A 270) is an autobahn in Germany.
The A 270 was created in 2001 as a redesignation of the freeway into the northern part of Bremen. Previously, the freeway was known as the B 74n Lesumerschnellweg. The freeway replaced the route of the B 74 through the populated areas of northern Bremen.
Recent plans called for an extension of the A 270 around the northern and eastern boundaries of Farge, to end across the street from the terminal of the Farge - Berne ferry. This project was opened to traffic on 9 December 2009. However, it was a built as an at-grade expressway instead, thus requiring the return of the B 74n designation.Because it cuts through a densely developed area, the A 270 is below normal autobahn standards for most of its route. The speed limit for the entire route is 80 km/h (50 mph), and in many places there is no hard shoulder. The A 270 ends just before the A 27/E 234, a short distance after crossing into Lower Saxony. The connection with the A 27 is made at an at-grade intersection.
As is expected for urban freeways, some of the junctions are only accessible from one direction; one junction (3b, Lobbendorf) does not permit autobahn traffic to exit at all.
Exit list
References
External links
Autobahn Atlas: A270
|
transport network
|
{
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"autobahn in Germany"
]
}
|
Bundesautobahn 270 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 270, short form Autobahn 270, abbreviated as BAB 270 or A 270) is an autobahn in Germany.
The A 270 was created in 2001 as a redesignation of the freeway into the northern part of Bremen. Previously, the freeway was known as the B 74n Lesumerschnellweg. The freeway replaced the route of the B 74 through the populated areas of northern Bremen.
Recent plans called for an extension of the A 270 around the northern and eastern boundaries of Farge, to end across the street from the terminal of the Farge - Berne ferry. This project was opened to traffic on 9 December 2009. However, it was a built as an at-grade expressway instead, thus requiring the return of the B 74n designation.Because it cuts through a densely developed area, the A 270 is below normal autobahn standards for most of its route. The speed limit for the entire route is 80 km/h (50 mph), and in many places there is no hard shoulder. The A 270 ends just before the A 27/E 234, a short distance after crossing into Lower Saxony. The connection with the A 27 is made at an at-grade intersection.
As is expected for urban freeways, some of the junctions are only accessible from one direction; one junction (3b, Lobbendorf) does not permit autobahn traffic to exit at all.
Exit list
References
External links
Autobahn Atlas: A270
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
144
],
"text": [
"Germany"
]
}
|
Bundesautobahn 270 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 270, short form Autobahn 270, abbreviated as BAB 270 or A 270) is an autobahn in Germany.
The A 270 was created in 2001 as a redesignation of the freeway into the northern part of Bremen. Previously, the freeway was known as the B 74n Lesumerschnellweg. The freeway replaced the route of the B 74 through the populated areas of northern Bremen.
Recent plans called for an extension of the A 270 around the northern and eastern boundaries of Farge, to end across the street from the terminal of the Farge - Berne ferry. This project was opened to traffic on 9 December 2009. However, it was a built as an at-grade expressway instead, thus requiring the return of the B 74n designation.Because it cuts through a densely developed area, the A 270 is below normal autobahn standards for most of its route. The speed limit for the entire route is 80 km/h (50 mph), and in many places there is no hard shoulder. The A 270 ends just before the A 27/E 234, a short distance after crossing into Lower Saxony. The connection with the A 27 is made at an at-grade intersection.
As is expected for urban freeways, some of the junctions are only accessible from one direction; one junction (3b, Lobbendorf) does not permit autobahn traffic to exit at all.
Exit list
References
External links
Autobahn Atlas: A270
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"autobahn in Germany"
]
}
|
Bundesautobahn 270 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 270, short form Autobahn 270, abbreviated as BAB 270 or A 270) is an autobahn in Germany.
The A 270 was created in 2001 as a redesignation of the freeway into the northern part of Bremen. Previously, the freeway was known as the B 74n Lesumerschnellweg. The freeway replaced the route of the B 74 through the populated areas of northern Bremen.
Recent plans called for an extension of the A 270 around the northern and eastern boundaries of Farge, to end across the street from the terminal of the Farge - Berne ferry. This project was opened to traffic on 9 December 2009. However, it was a built as an at-grade expressway instead, thus requiring the return of the B 74n designation.Because it cuts through a densely developed area, the A 270 is below normal autobahn standards for most of its route. The speed limit for the entire route is 80 km/h (50 mph), and in many places there is no hard shoulder. The A 270 ends just before the A 27/E 234, a short distance after crossing into Lower Saxony. The connection with the A 27 is made at an at-grade intersection.
As is expected for urban freeways, some of the junctions are only accessible from one direction; one junction (3b, Lobbendorf) does not permit autobahn traffic to exit at all.
Exit list
References
External links
Autobahn Atlas: A270
|
owned by
|
{
"answer_start": [
144
],
"text": [
"Germany"
]
}
|
Bundesautobahn 270 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 270, short form Autobahn 270, abbreviated as BAB 270 or A 270) is an autobahn in Germany.
The A 270 was created in 2001 as a redesignation of the freeway into the northern part of Bremen. Previously, the freeway was known as the B 74n Lesumerschnellweg. The freeway replaced the route of the B 74 through the populated areas of northern Bremen.
Recent plans called for an extension of the A 270 around the northern and eastern boundaries of Farge, to end across the street from the terminal of the Farge - Berne ferry. This project was opened to traffic on 9 December 2009. However, it was a built as an at-grade expressway instead, thus requiring the return of the B 74n designation.Because it cuts through a densely developed area, the A 270 is below normal autobahn standards for most of its route. The speed limit for the entire route is 80 km/h (50 mph), and in many places there is no hard shoulder. The A 270 ends just before the A 27/E 234, a short distance after crossing into Lower Saxony. The connection with the A 27 is made at an at-grade intersection.
As is expected for urban freeways, some of the junctions are only accessible from one direction; one junction (3b, Lobbendorf) does not permit autobahn traffic to exit at all.
Exit list
References
External links
Autobahn Atlas: A270
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
1049
],
"text": [
"Lower Saxony"
]
}
|
Bundesautobahn 270 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 270, short form Autobahn 270, abbreviated as BAB 270 or A 270) is an autobahn in Germany.
The A 270 was created in 2001 as a redesignation of the freeway into the northern part of Bremen. Previously, the freeway was known as the B 74n Lesumerschnellweg. The freeway replaced the route of the B 74 through the populated areas of northern Bremen.
Recent plans called for an extension of the A 270 around the northern and eastern boundaries of Farge, to end across the street from the terminal of the Farge - Berne ferry. This project was opened to traffic on 9 December 2009. However, it was a built as an at-grade expressway instead, thus requiring the return of the B 74n designation.Because it cuts through a densely developed area, the A 270 is below normal autobahn standards for most of its route. The speed limit for the entire route is 80 km/h (50 mph), and in many places there is no hard shoulder. The A 270 ends just before the A 27/E 234, a short distance after crossing into Lower Saxony. The connection with the A 27 is made at an at-grade intersection.
As is expected for urban freeways, some of the junctions are only accessible from one direction; one junction (3b, Lobbendorf) does not permit autobahn traffic to exit at all.
Exit list
References
External links
Autobahn Atlas: A270
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bundesautobahn 270"
]
}
|
Bundesautobahn 270 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 270, short form Autobahn 270, abbreviated as BAB 270 or A 270) is an autobahn in Germany.
The A 270 was created in 2001 as a redesignation of the freeway into the northern part of Bremen. Previously, the freeway was known as the B 74n Lesumerschnellweg. The freeway replaced the route of the B 74 through the populated areas of northern Bremen.
Recent plans called for an extension of the A 270 around the northern and eastern boundaries of Farge, to end across the street from the terminal of the Farge - Berne ferry. This project was opened to traffic on 9 December 2009. However, it was a built as an at-grade expressway instead, thus requiring the return of the B 74n designation.Because it cuts through a densely developed area, the A 270 is below normal autobahn standards for most of its route. The speed limit for the entire route is 80 km/h (50 mph), and in many places there is no hard shoulder. The A 270 ends just before the A 27/E 234, a short distance after crossing into Lower Saxony. The connection with the A 27 is made at an at-grade intersection.
As is expected for urban freeways, some of the junctions are only accessible from one direction; one junction (3b, Lobbendorf) does not permit autobahn traffic to exit at all.
Exit list
References
External links
Autobahn Atlas: A270
|
road number
|
{
"answer_start": [
119
],
"text": [
"A 270"
]
}
|
Gunnar Friberg was a Swedish bandy player. Friberg was part of the Djurgården Swedish champions' team of 1908.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Gunnar"
]
}
|
Gunnar Friberg was a Swedish bandy player. Friberg was part of the Djurgården Swedish champions' team of 1908.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"bandy player"
]
}
|
Gunnar Friberg was a Swedish bandy player. Friberg was part of the Djurgården Swedish champions' team of 1908.
== References ==
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"bandy"
]
}
|
Gunnar Friberg was a Swedish bandy player. Friberg was part of the Djurgården Swedish champions' team of 1908.
== References ==
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"Friberg"
]
}
|
Gunnar Friberg was a Swedish bandy player. Friberg was part of the Djurgården Swedish champions' team of 1908.
== References ==
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"Swedish"
]
}
|
Anatrachyntis japonica is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Kuroko in 1982, and is known from Japan.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Anatrachyntis"
]
}
|
Anatrachyntis japonica is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Kuroko in 1982, and is known from Japan.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Anatrachyntis japonica"
]
}
|
The 1975 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 29 May 1975. Gustáv Husák was elected the new president.
Background
The health of the incumbent president Ludvík Svoboda was getting worse and members of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia concluded that he won't finish his second term. Vasil Bilak and Gustáv Husák were suggested for the position. Bilak had stronger support but Husák's influence increased thanks to Bilak's authoritarian behaviour.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
236
],
"text": [
"Czechoslovakia"
]
}
|
The 1975 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 29 May 1975. Gustáv Husák was elected the new president.
Background
The health of the incumbent president Ludvík Svoboda was getting worse and members of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia concluded that he won't finish his second term. Vasil Bilak and Gustáv Husák were suggested for the position. Bilak had stronger support but Husák's influence increased thanks to Bilak's authoritarian behaviour.
== References ==
|
applies to jurisdiction
|
{
"answer_start": [
236
],
"text": [
"Czechoslovakia"
]
}
|
Lucien Leon Hauman-Merck (8 July 1880, in Ixelles – 16 September 1965, in Brussels) was a Belgian botanist, who studied and collected plants in South America and Africa.
He received his education in Gembloux, and afterwards relocated to Argentina, where he obtained a position in the department of agronomy and veterinary medicine at the University of Buenos Aires. From 1904 to 1925 he taught classes in botany, plant pathology and agricultural microbiology at the university. In 1910 he laid the foundations for its botanical garden.In Argentina he conducted important phytogeographical research, and he also performed plant collection duties that involved excursions to Paraguay, Chile and Uruguay. In 1927 he returned to Europe, where from 1928 to 1949, he served as a professor of botany at the Free University of Brussels. During this time period, he studied African flora, about which, he collected numerous plants in the Belgian Congo. In 1949 he returned to Argentina as an honorary professor at the University of Buenos Aires. The "Jardín Botánico Lucien Hauman" at the university is named in his honor.The genera Haumania (J.Léonard, 1949) and Haumaniastrum (P.A.Duvign. et Plancke, 1959) commemorate his name, as do species with the epithet of haumanii.
Honours
1932 : Commander in the Order of Leopold.
Selected works
Note préliminaire sur les Hordeum spontanés de la flore Argentine
Catalogue des phanérogames de l'Argentine, 1917 – Catalog of phanerogams native to Argentina.
La végétation des hautes cordillères de Mendoza, 1918 – Vegetation of the high Cordillera of Mendoza.
Le végétation de l'île de Martín García dans le Río de la Plata, 1925 – Vegetation of Martín García Island in the Rio de Plata.
La vegetacion de la Argentina, 1947 – Vegetation of Argentina.
References
External links
Data related to Lucien Leon Hauman at Wikispecies
"Hauman, Lucien Leon" (HTML). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Asociación Latinoamericana de Fitotecnia, Las Ciencias agrícolas en América Latina: progreso y futuro.
|
field of work
|
{
"answer_start": [
405
],
"text": [
"botany"
]
}
|
Lucien Leon Hauman-Merck (8 July 1880, in Ixelles – 16 September 1965, in Brussels) was a Belgian botanist, who studied and collected plants in South America and Africa.
He received his education in Gembloux, and afterwards relocated to Argentina, where he obtained a position in the department of agronomy and veterinary medicine at the University of Buenos Aires. From 1904 to 1925 he taught classes in botany, plant pathology and agricultural microbiology at the university. In 1910 he laid the foundations for its botanical garden.In Argentina he conducted important phytogeographical research, and he also performed plant collection duties that involved excursions to Paraguay, Chile and Uruguay. In 1927 he returned to Europe, where from 1928 to 1949, he served as a professor of botany at the Free University of Brussels. During this time period, he studied African flora, about which, he collected numerous plants in the Belgian Congo. In 1949 he returned to Argentina as an honorary professor at the University of Buenos Aires. The "Jardín Botánico Lucien Hauman" at the university is named in his honor.The genera Haumania (J.Léonard, 1949) and Haumaniastrum (P.A.Duvign. et Plancke, 1959) commemorate his name, as do species with the epithet of haumanii.
Honours
1932 : Commander in the Order of Leopold.
Selected works
Note préliminaire sur les Hordeum spontanés de la flore Argentine
Catalogue des phanérogames de l'Argentine, 1917 – Catalog of phanerogams native to Argentina.
La végétation des hautes cordillères de Mendoza, 1918 – Vegetation of the high Cordillera of Mendoza.
Le végétation de l'île de Martín García dans le Río de la Plata, 1925 – Vegetation of Martín García Island in the Rio de Plata.
La vegetacion de la Argentina, 1947 – Vegetation of Argentina.
References
External links
Data related to Lucien Leon Hauman at Wikispecies
"Hauman, Lucien Leon" (HTML). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Asociación Latinoamericana de Fitotecnia, Las Ciencias agrícolas en América Latina: progreso y futuro.
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"botanist"
]
}
|
Lucien Leon Hauman-Merck (8 July 1880, in Ixelles – 16 September 1965, in Brussels) was a Belgian botanist, who studied and collected plants in South America and Africa.
He received his education in Gembloux, and afterwards relocated to Argentina, where he obtained a position in the department of agronomy and veterinary medicine at the University of Buenos Aires. From 1904 to 1925 he taught classes in botany, plant pathology and agricultural microbiology at the university. In 1910 he laid the foundations for its botanical garden.In Argentina he conducted important phytogeographical research, and he also performed plant collection duties that involved excursions to Paraguay, Chile and Uruguay. In 1927 he returned to Europe, where from 1928 to 1949, he served as a professor of botany at the Free University of Brussels. During this time period, he studied African flora, about which, he collected numerous plants in the Belgian Congo. In 1949 he returned to Argentina as an honorary professor at the University of Buenos Aires. The "Jardín Botánico Lucien Hauman" at the university is named in his honor.The genera Haumania (J.Léonard, 1949) and Haumaniastrum (P.A.Duvign. et Plancke, 1959) commemorate his name, as do species with the epithet of haumanii.
Honours
1932 : Commander in the Order of Leopold.
Selected works
Note préliminaire sur les Hordeum spontanés de la flore Argentine
Catalogue des phanérogames de l'Argentine, 1917 – Catalog of phanerogams native to Argentina.
La végétation des hautes cordillères de Mendoza, 1918 – Vegetation of the high Cordillera of Mendoza.
Le végétation de l'île de Martín García dans le Río de la Plata, 1925 – Vegetation of Martín García Island in the Rio de Plata.
La vegetacion de la Argentina, 1947 – Vegetation of Argentina.
References
External links
Data related to Lucien Leon Hauman at Wikispecies
"Hauman, Lucien Leon" (HTML). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Asociación Latinoamericana de Fitotecnia, Las Ciencias agrícolas en América Latina: progreso y futuro.
|
employer
|
{
"answer_start": [
338
],
"text": [
"University of Buenos Aires"
]
}
|
Lucien Leon Hauman-Merck (8 July 1880, in Ixelles – 16 September 1965, in Brussels) was a Belgian botanist, who studied and collected plants in South America and Africa.
He received his education in Gembloux, and afterwards relocated to Argentina, where he obtained a position in the department of agronomy and veterinary medicine at the University of Buenos Aires. From 1904 to 1925 he taught classes in botany, plant pathology and agricultural microbiology at the university. In 1910 he laid the foundations for its botanical garden.In Argentina he conducted important phytogeographical research, and he also performed plant collection duties that involved excursions to Paraguay, Chile and Uruguay. In 1927 he returned to Europe, where from 1928 to 1949, he served as a professor of botany at the Free University of Brussels. During this time period, he studied African flora, about which, he collected numerous plants in the Belgian Congo. In 1949 he returned to Argentina as an honorary professor at the University of Buenos Aires. The "Jardín Botánico Lucien Hauman" at the university is named in his honor.The genera Haumania (J.Léonard, 1949) and Haumaniastrum (P.A.Duvign. et Plancke, 1959) commemorate his name, as do species with the epithet of haumanii.
Honours
1932 : Commander in the Order of Leopold.
Selected works
Note préliminaire sur les Hordeum spontanés de la flore Argentine
Catalogue des phanérogames de l'Argentine, 1917 – Catalog of phanerogams native to Argentina.
La végétation des hautes cordillères de Mendoza, 1918 – Vegetation of the high Cordillera of Mendoza.
Le végétation de l'île de Martín García dans le Río de la Plata, 1925 – Vegetation of Martín García Island in the Rio de Plata.
La vegetacion de la Argentina, 1947 – Vegetation of Argentina.
References
External links
Data related to Lucien Leon Hauman at Wikispecies
"Hauman, Lucien Leon" (HTML). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Asociación Latinoamericana de Fitotecnia, Las Ciencias agrícolas en América Latina: progreso y futuro.
|
botanist author abbreviation
|
{
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"Hauman"
]
}
|
Lucien Leon Hauman-Merck (8 July 1880, in Ixelles – 16 September 1965, in Brussels) was a Belgian botanist, who studied and collected plants in South America and Africa.
He received his education in Gembloux, and afterwards relocated to Argentina, where he obtained a position in the department of agronomy and veterinary medicine at the University of Buenos Aires. From 1904 to 1925 he taught classes in botany, plant pathology and agricultural microbiology at the university. In 1910 he laid the foundations for its botanical garden.In Argentina he conducted important phytogeographical research, and he also performed plant collection duties that involved excursions to Paraguay, Chile and Uruguay. In 1927 he returned to Europe, where from 1928 to 1949, he served as a professor of botany at the Free University of Brussels. During this time period, he studied African flora, about which, he collected numerous plants in the Belgian Congo. In 1949 he returned to Argentina as an honorary professor at the University of Buenos Aires. The "Jardín Botánico Lucien Hauman" at the university is named in his honor.The genera Haumania (J.Léonard, 1949) and Haumaniastrum (P.A.Duvign. et Plancke, 1959) commemorate his name, as do species with the epithet of haumanii.
Honours
1932 : Commander in the Order of Leopold.
Selected works
Note préliminaire sur les Hordeum spontanés de la flore Argentine
Catalogue des phanérogames de l'Argentine, 1917 – Catalog of phanerogams native to Argentina.
La végétation des hautes cordillères de Mendoza, 1918 – Vegetation of the high Cordillera of Mendoza.
Le végétation de l'île de Martín García dans le Río de la Plata, 1925 – Vegetation of Martín García Island in the Rio de Plata.
La vegetacion de la Argentina, 1947 – Vegetation of Argentina.
References
External links
Data related to Lucien Leon Hauman at Wikispecies
"Hauman, Lucien Leon" (HTML). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Asociación Latinoamericana de Fitotecnia, Las Ciencias agrícolas en América Latina: progreso y futuro.
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Lucien"
]
}
|
Cheyyaru River is an important seasonal river that runs through the Tiruvannamalai District of the state of Tamil Nadu in South India. It is a tributary of Palar River, a river which originates in Jawadhu Hills and flows through Thiruvannamalai district before entering into the Bay of Bengal. The river receives most of its water from the Northeast and Southwest monsoons and is the major source of irrigation for several villages, including the towns of Cheyyaru and Vandavasi along its bank.
Temples
An ancient temple, the Vedapureeswarar Temple anciently known as Vedhanadeshwarar temple situated on the bank of the river at Cheyyar town. There is a legend that Thirugnana Sambandar, one of the four great saivite saints, visited the temple and changed a male palm tree to a female palm tree which can yield palm fruit by singing verses in Tamil. The ancient name for Cheyyaru river is Sei Aaru (Child river) meaning that the river is created for a child to play. Legend says that Goddess Parvathi (Balakusalambigai or Ilamulainayagi) made a line on the earth's surface with her Trisul to make a river for her son, Lord Muruga to play.
The river is still believed to be a Holy River even today in Cheyyar and Villages in the surrounding
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"India"
]
}
|
Cheyyaru River is an important seasonal river that runs through the Tiruvannamalai District of the state of Tamil Nadu in South India. It is a tributary of Palar River, a river which originates in Jawadhu Hills and flows through Thiruvannamalai district before entering into the Bay of Bengal. The river receives most of its water from the Northeast and Southwest monsoons and is the major source of irrigation for several villages, including the towns of Cheyyaru and Vandavasi along its bank.
Temples
An ancient temple, the Vedapureeswarar Temple anciently known as Vedhanadeshwarar temple situated on the bank of the river at Cheyyar town. There is a legend that Thirugnana Sambandar, one of the four great saivite saints, visited the temple and changed a male palm tree to a female palm tree which can yield palm fruit by singing verses in Tamil. The ancient name for Cheyyaru river is Sei Aaru (Child river) meaning that the river is created for a child to play. Legend says that Goddess Parvathi (Balakusalambigai or Ilamulainayagi) made a line on the earth's surface with her Trisul to make a river for her son, Lord Muruga to play.
The river is still believed to be a Holy River even today in Cheyyar and Villages in the surrounding
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"river"
]
}
|
Cheyyaru River is an important seasonal river that runs through the Tiruvannamalai District of the state of Tamil Nadu in South India. It is a tributary of Palar River, a river which originates in Jawadhu Hills and flows through Thiruvannamalai district before entering into the Bay of Bengal. The river receives most of its water from the Northeast and Southwest monsoons and is the major source of irrigation for several villages, including the towns of Cheyyaru and Vandavasi along its bank.
Temples
An ancient temple, the Vedapureeswarar Temple anciently known as Vedhanadeshwarar temple situated on the bank of the river at Cheyyar town. There is a legend that Thirugnana Sambandar, one of the four great saivite saints, visited the temple and changed a male palm tree to a female palm tree which can yield palm fruit by singing verses in Tamil. The ancient name for Cheyyaru river is Sei Aaru (Child river) meaning that the river is created for a child to play. Legend says that Goddess Parvathi (Balakusalambigai or Ilamulainayagi) made a line on the earth's surface with her Trisul to make a river for her son, Lord Muruga to play.
The river is still believed to be a Holy River even today in Cheyyar and Villages in the surrounding
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"Tamil Nadu"
]
}
|
Cheyyaru River is an important seasonal river that runs through the Tiruvannamalai District of the state of Tamil Nadu in South India. It is a tributary of Palar River, a river which originates in Jawadhu Hills and flows through Thiruvannamalai district before entering into the Bay of Bengal. The river receives most of its water from the Northeast and Southwest monsoons and is the major source of irrigation for several villages, including the towns of Cheyyaru and Vandavasi along its bank.
Temples
An ancient temple, the Vedapureeswarar Temple anciently known as Vedhanadeshwarar temple situated on the bank of the river at Cheyyar town. There is a legend that Thirugnana Sambandar, one of the four great saivite saints, visited the temple and changed a male palm tree to a female palm tree which can yield palm fruit by singing verses in Tamil. The ancient name for Cheyyaru river is Sei Aaru (Child river) meaning that the river is created for a child to play. Legend says that Goddess Parvathi (Balakusalambigai or Ilamulainayagi) made a line on the earth's surface with her Trisul to make a river for her son, Lord Muruga to play.
The river is still believed to be a Holy River even today in Cheyyar and Villages in the surrounding
== References ==
|
mouth of the watercourse
|
{
"answer_start": [
156
],
"text": [
"Palar River"
]
}
|
Seong-hui or Sung-hee, also spelled Song-hui in North Korea, is a Korean unisex given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 27 hanja with the reading "sung" and 24 hanja with the reading "hee" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.People with this name include:
EntertainersJo Sung-hee (born 1978), South Korean male film director
Bada (singer) (born Choi Sung-hee, 1980), South Korean female singer
Ja Mezz (born Kim Sung-hee, 1989), South Korean male rapper
Ko Sung-hee (born 1990), South Korean actressSportspeopleKim Song-hui (speed skater) (born 1965), North Korean male speed skater
Kim Song-hui (table tennis) (born 1968), North Korean male table tennis player
Hong Seong-hui (born 1969), South Korean female rhythmic gymnast
Park Sung-hee (born 1975), South Korean female tennis player
Ri Song-hui (born 1978), North Korean female weightlifter
Kim Song-hui (footballer) (born 1987), North Korean female footballer
Han Sung-hee (born 1990), South Korean female tennis playerOthersBaek Sung-hee (born 1970), South Korean female molecular geneticist
Yoon Sung-hee (born 1973), South Korean female writer
See also
List of Korean given names
Sung-Hi Lee (이승희; I Seung-hui; born 1970), South Korean female model
Ryo Song-hui (려송희; Ryeo Song-hui; born 1994), North Korean female ice hockey player
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"unisex given name"
]
}
|
Seong-hui or Sung-hee, also spelled Song-hui in North Korea, is a Korean unisex given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 27 hanja with the reading "sung" and 24 hanja with the reading "hee" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.People with this name include:
EntertainersJo Sung-hee (born 1978), South Korean male film director
Bada (singer) (born Choi Sung-hee, 1980), South Korean female singer
Ja Mezz (born Kim Sung-hee, 1989), South Korean male rapper
Ko Sung-hee (born 1990), South Korean actressSportspeopleKim Song-hui (speed skater) (born 1965), North Korean male speed skater
Kim Song-hui (table tennis) (born 1968), North Korean male table tennis player
Hong Seong-hui (born 1969), South Korean female rhythmic gymnast
Park Sung-hee (born 1975), South Korean female tennis player
Ri Song-hui (born 1978), North Korean female weightlifter
Kim Song-hui (footballer) (born 1987), North Korean female footballer
Han Sung-hee (born 1990), South Korean female tennis playerOthersBaek Sung-hee (born 1970), South Korean female molecular geneticist
Yoon Sung-hee (born 1973), South Korean female writer
See also
List of Korean given names
Sung-Hi Lee (이승희; I Seung-hui; born 1970), South Korean female model
Ryo Song-hui (려송희; Ryeo Song-hui; born 1994), North Korean female ice hockey player
== References ==
|
language of work or name
|
{
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"Korean"
]
}
|
Seong-hui or Sung-hee, also spelled Song-hui in North Korea, is a Korean unisex given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 27 hanja with the reading "sung" and 24 hanja with the reading "hee" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.People with this name include:
EntertainersJo Sung-hee (born 1978), South Korean male film director
Bada (singer) (born Choi Sung-hee, 1980), South Korean female singer
Ja Mezz (born Kim Sung-hee, 1989), South Korean male rapper
Ko Sung-hee (born 1990), South Korean actressSportspeopleKim Song-hui (speed skater) (born 1965), North Korean male speed skater
Kim Song-hui (table tennis) (born 1968), North Korean male table tennis player
Hong Seong-hui (born 1969), South Korean female rhythmic gymnast
Park Sung-hee (born 1975), South Korean female tennis player
Ri Song-hui (born 1978), North Korean female weightlifter
Kim Song-hui (footballer) (born 1987), North Korean female footballer
Han Sung-hee (born 1990), South Korean female tennis playerOthersBaek Sung-hee (born 1970), South Korean female molecular geneticist
Yoon Sung-hee (born 1973), South Korean female writer
See also
List of Korean given names
Sung-Hi Lee (이승희; I Seung-hui; born 1970), South Korean female model
Ryo Song-hui (려송희; Ryeo Song-hui; born 1994), North Korean female ice hockey player
== References ==
|
has part(s)
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Seong"
]
}
|
Seong-hui or Sung-hee, also spelled Song-hui in North Korea, is a Korean unisex given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 27 hanja with the reading "sung" and 24 hanja with the reading "hee" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.People with this name include:
EntertainersJo Sung-hee (born 1978), South Korean male film director
Bada (singer) (born Choi Sung-hee, 1980), South Korean female singer
Ja Mezz (born Kim Sung-hee, 1989), South Korean male rapper
Ko Sung-hee (born 1990), South Korean actressSportspeopleKim Song-hui (speed skater) (born 1965), North Korean male speed skater
Kim Song-hui (table tennis) (born 1968), North Korean male table tennis player
Hong Seong-hui (born 1969), South Korean female rhythmic gymnast
Park Sung-hee (born 1975), South Korean female tennis player
Ri Song-hui (born 1978), North Korean female weightlifter
Kim Song-hui (footballer) (born 1987), North Korean female footballer
Han Sung-hee (born 1990), South Korean female tennis playerOthersBaek Sung-hee (born 1970), South Korean female molecular geneticist
Yoon Sung-hee (born 1973), South Korean female writer
See also
List of Korean given names
Sung-Hi Lee (이승희; I Seung-hui; born 1970), South Korean female model
Ryo Song-hui (려송희; Ryeo Song-hui; born 1994), North Korean female ice hockey player
== References ==
|
Revised Romanization
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Seong-hui"
]
}
|
Richard Earl Fikes (born October 4, 1942) is a computer scientist and Professor (Research) Emeritus in the Computer Science department of Stanford University. He is professionally active as a consultant and expert witness. He led Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory from 1991 to 2006, and has held appointments at Berkeley, Carnegie-Mellon, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Xerox PARC, and SRI International.
Early life and education
Fikes was born in Mobile, Alabama, and lived most of his early life in San Antonio, Texas. He graduated from Sam Houston High School (San Antonio, Texas) in 1960, received a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1963, and received an M.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1965. Fikes received his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1968.
Career
Fikes' research activities have primarily been in developing techniques for effectively representing and using knowledge in computer systems—a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence generally known as KR&R, for knowledge representation and reasoning. He was a co-developer of the STRIPS automatic planning system, Knowledge Interchange Format language for interchange of logical knowledge bases, the Ontolingua ontology engineering environment, and IntelliCorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE). He also worked on the Shakey the Robot project at SRI International. Before joining the faculty at Stanford University, he held positions at SRI International, Xerox PARC, IntelliCorp, and the Price Waterhouse Technology Center.
Fikes retired from his positions of Professor (Research) in the Computer Science department of Stanford University and director of Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory in 2006. He was given a retirement party that was a large gathering of early luminaries in the field of Artificial Intelligence. A video from that party showing tributes and a career reflections speech by Fikes can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl2XBb2uGLw.
Memberships and awards
Fikes has published numerous articles in journals and conference proceedings, and has also served as editor of several professional journals in Artificial Intelligence and related areas. Fikes has also chaired, co-chaired, organized, or served on the program committee of numerous professional conferences and symposia. In 1990 he was elected as a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
== References ==
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
513
],
"text": [
"San Antonio"
]
}
|
Richard Earl Fikes (born October 4, 1942) is a computer scientist and Professor (Research) Emeritus in the Computer Science department of Stanford University. He is professionally active as a consultant and expert witness. He led Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory from 1991 to 2006, and has held appointments at Berkeley, Carnegie-Mellon, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Xerox PARC, and SRI International.
Early life and education
Fikes was born in Mobile, Alabama, and lived most of his early life in San Antonio, Texas. He graduated from Sam Houston High School (San Antonio, Texas) in 1960, received a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1963, and received an M.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1965. Fikes received his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1968.
Career
Fikes' research activities have primarily been in developing techniques for effectively representing and using knowledge in computer systems—a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence generally known as KR&R, for knowledge representation and reasoning. He was a co-developer of the STRIPS automatic planning system, Knowledge Interchange Format language for interchange of logical knowledge bases, the Ontolingua ontology engineering environment, and IntelliCorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE). He also worked on the Shakey the Robot project at SRI International. Before joining the faculty at Stanford University, he held positions at SRI International, Xerox PARC, IntelliCorp, and the Price Waterhouse Technology Center.
Fikes retired from his positions of Professor (Research) in the Computer Science department of Stanford University and director of Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory in 2006. He was given a retirement party that was a large gathering of early luminaries in the field of Artificial Intelligence. A video from that party showing tributes and a career reflections speech by Fikes can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl2XBb2uGLw.
Memberships and awards
Fikes has published numerous articles in journals and conference proceedings, and has also served as editor of several professional journals in Artificial Intelligence and related areas. Fikes has also chaired, co-chaired, organized, or served on the program committee of numerous professional conferences and symposia. In 1990 he was elected as a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
== References ==
|
educated at
|
{
"answer_start": [
834
],
"text": [
"Carnegie Mellon University"
]
}
|
Richard Earl Fikes (born October 4, 1942) is a computer scientist and Professor (Research) Emeritus in the Computer Science department of Stanford University. He is professionally active as a consultant and expert witness. He led Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory from 1991 to 2006, and has held appointments at Berkeley, Carnegie-Mellon, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Xerox PARC, and SRI International.
Early life and education
Fikes was born in Mobile, Alabama, and lived most of his early life in San Antonio, Texas. He graduated from Sam Houston High School (San Antonio, Texas) in 1960, received a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1963, and received an M.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1965. Fikes received his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1968.
Career
Fikes' research activities have primarily been in developing techniques for effectively representing and using knowledge in computer systems—a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence generally known as KR&R, for knowledge representation and reasoning. He was a co-developer of the STRIPS automatic planning system, Knowledge Interchange Format language for interchange of logical knowledge bases, the Ontolingua ontology engineering environment, and IntelliCorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE). He also worked on the Shakey the Robot project at SRI International. Before joining the faculty at Stanford University, he held positions at SRI International, Xerox PARC, IntelliCorp, and the Price Waterhouse Technology Center.
Fikes retired from his positions of Professor (Research) in the Computer Science department of Stanford University and director of Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory in 2006. He was given a retirement party that was a large gathering of early luminaries in the field of Artificial Intelligence. A video from that party showing tributes and a career reflections speech by Fikes can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl2XBb2uGLw.
Memberships and awards
Fikes has published numerous articles in journals and conference proceedings, and has also served as editor of several professional journals in Artificial Intelligence and related areas. Fikes has also chaired, co-chaired, organized, or served on the program committee of numerous professional conferences and symposia. In 1990 he was elected as a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
== References ==
|
field of work
|
{
"answer_start": [
812
],
"text": [
"computer science"
]
}
|
Richard Earl Fikes (born October 4, 1942) is a computer scientist and Professor (Research) Emeritus in the Computer Science department of Stanford University. He is professionally active as a consultant and expert witness. He led Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory from 1991 to 2006, and has held appointments at Berkeley, Carnegie-Mellon, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Xerox PARC, and SRI International.
Early life and education
Fikes was born in Mobile, Alabama, and lived most of his early life in San Antonio, Texas. He graduated from Sam Houston High School (San Antonio, Texas) in 1960, received a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1963, and received an M.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1965. Fikes received his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1968.
Career
Fikes' research activities have primarily been in developing techniques for effectively representing and using knowledge in computer systems—a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence generally known as KR&R, for knowledge representation and reasoning. He was a co-developer of the STRIPS automatic planning system, Knowledge Interchange Format language for interchange of logical knowledge bases, the Ontolingua ontology engineering environment, and IntelliCorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE). He also worked on the Shakey the Robot project at SRI International. Before joining the faculty at Stanford University, he held positions at SRI International, Xerox PARC, IntelliCorp, and the Price Waterhouse Technology Center.
Fikes retired from his positions of Professor (Research) in the Computer Science department of Stanford University and director of Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory in 2006. He was given a retirement party that was a large gathering of early luminaries in the field of Artificial Intelligence. A video from that party showing tributes and a career reflections speech by Fikes can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl2XBb2uGLw.
Memberships and awards
Fikes has published numerous articles in journals and conference proceedings, and has also served as editor of several professional journals in Artificial Intelligence and related areas. Fikes has also chaired, co-chaired, organized, or served on the program committee of numerous professional conferences and symposia. In 1990 he was elected as a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"computer scientist"
]
}
|
Richard Earl Fikes (born October 4, 1942) is a computer scientist and Professor (Research) Emeritus in the Computer Science department of Stanford University. He is professionally active as a consultant and expert witness. He led Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory from 1991 to 2006, and has held appointments at Berkeley, Carnegie-Mellon, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Xerox PARC, and SRI International.
Early life and education
Fikes was born in Mobile, Alabama, and lived most of his early life in San Antonio, Texas. He graduated from Sam Houston High School (San Antonio, Texas) in 1960, received a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1963, and received an M.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1965. Fikes received his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1968.
Career
Fikes' research activities have primarily been in developing techniques for effectively representing and using knowledge in computer systems—a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence generally known as KR&R, for knowledge representation and reasoning. He was a co-developer of the STRIPS automatic planning system, Knowledge Interchange Format language for interchange of logical knowledge bases, the Ontolingua ontology engineering environment, and IntelliCorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE). He also worked on the Shakey the Robot project at SRI International. Before joining the faculty at Stanford University, he held positions at SRI International, Xerox PARC, IntelliCorp, and the Price Waterhouse Technology Center.
Fikes retired from his positions of Professor (Research) in the Computer Science department of Stanford University and director of Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory in 2006. He was given a retirement party that was a large gathering of early luminaries in the field of Artificial Intelligence. A video from that party showing tributes and a career reflections speech by Fikes can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl2XBb2uGLw.
Memberships and awards
Fikes has published numerous articles in journals and conference proceedings, and has also served as editor of several professional journals in Artificial Intelligence and related areas. Fikes has also chaired, co-chaired, organized, or served on the program committee of numerous professional conferences and symposia. In 1990 he was elected as a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
== References ==
|
employer
|
{
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"Stanford University"
]
}
|
Richard Earl Fikes (born October 4, 1942) is a computer scientist and Professor (Research) Emeritus in the Computer Science department of Stanford University. He is professionally active as a consultant and expert witness. He led Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory from 1991 to 2006, and has held appointments at Berkeley, Carnegie-Mellon, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Xerox PARC, and SRI International.
Early life and education
Fikes was born in Mobile, Alabama, and lived most of his early life in San Antonio, Texas. He graduated from Sam Houston High School (San Antonio, Texas) in 1960, received a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1963, and received an M.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1965. Fikes received his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1968.
Career
Fikes' research activities have primarily been in developing techniques for effectively representing and using knowledge in computer systems—a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence generally known as KR&R, for knowledge representation and reasoning. He was a co-developer of the STRIPS automatic planning system, Knowledge Interchange Format language for interchange of logical knowledge bases, the Ontolingua ontology engineering environment, and IntelliCorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE). He also worked on the Shakey the Robot project at SRI International. Before joining the faculty at Stanford University, he held positions at SRI International, Xerox PARC, IntelliCorp, and the Price Waterhouse Technology Center.
Fikes retired from his positions of Professor (Research) in the Computer Science department of Stanford University and director of Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory in 2006. He was given a retirement party that was a large gathering of early luminaries in the field of Artificial Intelligence. A video from that party showing tributes and a career reflections speech by Fikes can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl2XBb2uGLw.
Memberships and awards
Fikes has published numerous articles in journals and conference proceedings, and has also served as editor of several professional journals in Artificial Intelligence and related areas. Fikes has also chaired, co-chaired, organized, or served on the program committee of numerous professional conferences and symposia. In 1990 he was elected as a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
== References ==
|
member of
|
{
"answer_start": [
2443
],
"text": [
"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"
]
}
|
Richard Earl Fikes (born October 4, 1942) is a computer scientist and Professor (Research) Emeritus in the Computer Science department of Stanford University. He is professionally active as a consultant and expert witness. He led Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory from 1991 to 2006, and has held appointments at Berkeley, Carnegie-Mellon, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Xerox PARC, and SRI International.
Early life and education
Fikes was born in Mobile, Alabama, and lived most of his early life in San Antonio, Texas. He graduated from Sam Houston High School (San Antonio, Texas) in 1960, received a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1963, and received an M.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1965. Fikes received his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1968.
Career
Fikes' research activities have primarily been in developing techniques for effectively representing and using knowledge in computer systems—a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence generally known as KR&R, for knowledge representation and reasoning. He was a co-developer of the STRIPS automatic planning system, Knowledge Interchange Format language for interchange of logical knowledge bases, the Ontolingua ontology engineering environment, and IntelliCorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE). He also worked on the Shakey the Robot project at SRI International. Before joining the faculty at Stanford University, he held positions at SRI International, Xerox PARC, IntelliCorp, and the Price Waterhouse Technology Center.
Fikes retired from his positions of Professor (Research) in the Computer Science department of Stanford University and director of Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory in 2006. He was given a retirement party that was a large gathering of early luminaries in the field of Artificial Intelligence. A video from that party showing tributes and a career reflections speech by Fikes can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl2XBb2uGLw.
Memberships and awards
Fikes has published numerous articles in journals and conference proceedings, and has also served as editor of several professional journals in Artificial Intelligence and related areas. Fikes has also chaired, co-chaired, organized, or served on the program committee of numerous professional conferences and symposia. In 1990 he was elected as a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Richard"
]
}
|
Richard Earl Fikes (born October 4, 1942) is a computer scientist and Professor (Research) Emeritus in the Computer Science department of Stanford University. He is professionally active as a consultant and expert witness. He led Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory from 1991 to 2006, and has held appointments at Berkeley, Carnegie-Mellon, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Xerox PARC, and SRI International.
Early life and education
Fikes was born in Mobile, Alabama, and lived most of his early life in San Antonio, Texas. He graduated from Sam Houston High School (San Antonio, Texas) in 1960, received a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1963, and received an M.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1965. Fikes received his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1968.
Career
Fikes' research activities have primarily been in developing techniques for effectively representing and using knowledge in computer systems—a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence generally known as KR&R, for knowledge representation and reasoning. He was a co-developer of the STRIPS automatic planning system, Knowledge Interchange Format language for interchange of logical knowledge bases, the Ontolingua ontology engineering environment, and IntelliCorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE). He also worked on the Shakey the Robot project at SRI International. Before joining the faculty at Stanford University, he held positions at SRI International, Xerox PARC, IntelliCorp, and the Price Waterhouse Technology Center.
Fikes retired from his positions of Professor (Research) in the Computer Science department of Stanford University and director of Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory in 2006. He was given a retirement party that was a large gathering of early luminaries in the field of Artificial Intelligence. A video from that party showing tributes and a career reflections speech by Fikes can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl2XBb2uGLw.
Memberships and awards
Fikes has published numerous articles in journals and conference proceedings, and has also served as editor of several professional journals in Artificial Intelligence and related areas. Fikes has also chaired, co-chaired, organized, or served on the program committee of numerous professional conferences and symposia. In 1990 he was elected as a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
== References ==
|
work location
|
{
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"Stanford"
]
}
|
Sepiola knudseni is a species of bobtail squid native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, specifically northwest and west Africa, from the Canary Islands to the Gulf of Guinea. It lives on the inner continental shelf. S. knudseni lives at depths of 32 to 90 m.Females of this species are on average considerably larger than males. They grow to 18 mm and 8.5 mm in mantle length, respectively.The type specimen was collected in the Atlantic Ocean (06°17′N 03°27′E) and is deposited at the Zoologisk Museum of the Kobenhavns Universitet in Copenhagen.
References
External links
"CephBase: Sepiola knudseni". Archived from the original on 2005.
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Sepiola knudseni is a species of bobtail squid native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, specifically northwest and west Africa, from the Canary Islands to the Gulf of Guinea. It lives on the inner continental shelf. S. knudseni lives at depths of 32 to 90 m.Females of this species are on average considerably larger than males. They grow to 18 mm and 8.5 mm in mantle length, respectively.The type specimen was collected in the Atlantic Ocean (06°17′N 03°27′E) and is deposited at the Zoologisk Museum of the Kobenhavns Universitet in Copenhagen.
References
External links
"CephBase: Sepiola knudseni". Archived from the original on 2005.
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sepiola"
]
}
|
Sepiola knudseni is a species of bobtail squid native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, specifically northwest and west Africa, from the Canary Islands to the Gulf of Guinea. It lives on the inner continental shelf. S. knudseni lives at depths of 32 to 90 m.Females of this species are on average considerably larger than males. They grow to 18 mm and 8.5 mm in mantle length, respectively.The type specimen was collected in the Atlantic Ocean (06°17′N 03°27′E) and is deposited at the Zoologisk Museum of the Kobenhavns Universitet in Copenhagen.
References
External links
"CephBase: Sepiola knudseni". Archived from the original on 2005.
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sepiola knudseni"
]
}
|
Mount Aurora is a round-topped volcanic summit, 1,040 metres (3,410 ft) high, the highest point on Black Island in the Ross Archipelago. It was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1958–59) after the Aurora, the vessel which conveyed the Ross Sea Party of Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1914–17) to McMurdo Sound.
See also
Jungk Hill, mostly ice-free hill 1.7 nautical miles (3 km) northeast of Mount Aurora
Mount Estes, mountain 2.5 nautical miles (5 km) south of Mount Aurora
References
This article incorporates public domain material from "Aurora, Mount". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"New Zealand"
]
}
|
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