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1944_19
The Acts of John, an apocryphal Gnostic work thought to have been composed around the late 2nd century, paints a rich, full narrative about John that was profoundly influential on later sources. Here we find the first explicit identification with the son of Zebedee, the story of the attempted execution by boiling oil also reported by Tertullian, the manner of John's natural death, and a great deal more. From the 3rd century onward, legends about John abound, with little hope of untangling any truth from the fiction.
1944_20
It is clear that John of Ephesus was regarded from the earliest times as a personal disciple of Jesus and a crucial witness to his life, an author of scripture, an apostle, and a great leader among the churches of Asia; whether he was also the son of Zebedee, one of the Twelve Apostles, is much more doubtful. No such identification is explicit in the early sources, apart from the clearly apocryphal, until the middle of the 3rd century. At most, John of Ephesus is occasionally called apostle, but in those cases the term is certainly not confined to the Twelve, and when mentioned with one of the Twelve Apostles, the Evangelist is in fact usually called a disciple'' by contrast. Bauckham argues that Papias distinguishes them and that the words of Polycrates even preclude such identification, and echos of this distinction linger in a few later sources. Among the orthodox, Origen is the first to explicitly accept the identification, which requires him to reconcile the tradition of John's
1944_21
natural death with the prophecy of John's martyrdom by seeing the latter fulfilled in his temporary exile to Patmos. On the other hand, after this point the identification was almost universally accepted in antiquity.
1944_22
On whether or not John of Ephesus is to be identified with any of the Johns in the New Testament narrative—the son of Zebedee, the high-priestly John, or even John Mark—modern scholars remain divided. See also New Testament people named James New Testament people named Joseph (or Joses) New Testament people named Judas or Jude New Testament people named Mary New Testament people named Simon Notes References New Testament people New Testament-related lists
1945_0
This is a list of Spanish words of Celtic origin. It is further divided into words that are known (or thought) to have come from Gaulish and those that have come from an undetermined Celtic source. Some of these words existed in Latin as loanwords from a Celtic source. Some of these words have alternate etymologies and may also appear on a list of Spanish words from a different language. Any form with an asterisk (*) is unattested and therefore hypothetical. List From English: "tunnel"
1945_1
From French: "graduate", from French and this from late Latin "bachelor". "battle". From from "military drill in fencing," from Latin , see below. "billiard". "brigade" "brooch, clasp, clip". From Old French "a spit," from Vulgar Latin (*) "a nail, spike," from Latin "a nail, projecting (adj.), buck-toothed (adj.)" from Celtic (*) "a pin, badger." "brandy" "cream" from French "dispute, quarrel". from Old French "discussion, controversy, contest" (Modern French , from , "to fight, wrestle, struggle," from + "to fight, strike," from Latin , see above. from French "ambassador" and this from gaulish "who serves around". , from Middle French , diminutive of ; akin to Irish "spear", Welsh "dart", Breton "tannery", from French , from "tanbark"; akin to Breton "red oak", Old Cornish , Old and Modern Irish "mass of metal from furnace; metal bar, ingot"; (ogham letter) "holly, elder". "penguin" from fr. . "barrel" from French and this from Celtic * "skin"
1945_2
"ton" see * "buffoon, jester" from French
1945_3
From Italian: "brocade". From Italian , from "a twist thread, shoot, sprout," see below. "broccoli". From Italian , plural of , "sprout of cabbage/turnip" diminutive of "shoot, sprout," from Vulgar Latin (*), see above. From Late or Vulgar Latin: "birch tree" from late Latin "birch", diminutive of Gaulish "birch"; akin to Old Irish , Irish/Scottish , Manx , Welsh , Breton . The of is by the influence of Spanish "fir tree. "white poplar" "lark" (OSp ) from gaulish "shad"
1945_4
"plot of land marked for planting" "shards, smithereens" "arpent" (OSp ) from Latin "old measure" "cross-bar" from common Celtic } "railing, balustrade" "spleen" from Latin "red" "henbane" from gaulish "henbane" "leadwort" "bicolor(ed) (animal); pronghorn bull" "watercress" from common Celtic "watercress" , "granitic crag, irregular pearl, round nodule" "tar" from Latin * "big lip" "pruning hook" /* "billy-goat, buck" "dung" from * (PIE * "excrement") Proto-Celtic: "dirty" "common pandora" from Celtic * "spotted, speckled" OSp "bran; filth" "scrubland" "heather" "British" "cradle, lap" "witch" "billy goat" from a Celtic * "cow pasture" "standard, sheth (of plow)", "water tower" "Cambrian" "way" from Celtic * through lat. "song" "cart" "spider crab" "beehive" "mistress, home-wrecker" "belt" "circle" "maggot" "hillock" "trough" "to addle"
1945_5
"large stone" "gaillard" from French "hook" "claw, talon" "heron" "handful, fagot" "Germanic" / "stubborn or tangled hair" through the Latin from Celtic * ~ "vain, vacuous, without substance" "open field" "lance" "to launch" "tin, tin can" "slime, mud" "league (unit)" "dregs, lees" , "flagstone" from hisp-Celtic * "flagstone" "mine" through the Latin . However asturian 'vein' directly from Celtic *. "moorland" "piece" from Celtic * through the Latin . "penguin" "finch" "pot" "Portuguese oak" "line" "brill, seabass" "shad" "hound" "tunic", * "cloak" through the Latin from Celtic * "mountain pasture, commons" "ploughed or sown field" "rope" "auger, drill" "tanine" "wooden peg" "badger" "stubborn" "mire, muddy place" "cudgel, club" "rag" "straw- or thatch-roofed hut" "man" "vassal" from Celtic * "servant" through the Latin "path" from Celtic * through the Latin "way" , "dwarf elder"
1945_6
Inherited Hispano-Celtic to cart, to transport: from + (see below) + the verbal infinitive suffix -. "white poplar" (also Asturian ); akin to Irish "elm", Welsh , Cornish , Breton "elm" "lark" (OSp ), from Gaulish "crest lark", derivative of * "swan", akin to Irish and Welsh , (also Catalan , ), from Gaulish "hands together"; akin to Old Irish , (also Galician ) from *, from "around" + "to go" + -; akin to Old Irish "to visit, go to", Welsh "I went", Cornish "he was going" "smithereens" (also Galician , Old Catalan ), from * + - Old Spanish "arpent"; akin to Old Irish "end, extremity", Welsh "chief" and "against", Cornish "id." "cross-bar", (also Galician ) from * "bar, beam"; akin to Irish e "ridgepole" "railing, balustrade", (also Portuguese , Catalan ) from *, from * "part, portion"; Welsh , Cornish/Breton , Irish "henbane", from (Pseudo-Aristotle, , 7.821); akin to Welsh "henbane", Old Irish "sun"
1945_7
"of Belgium, a Belgian": from Latin , singular of Belgae, from Gaulish , possibly meaning "the threatening (ones), the swollen (ones)," the IE root * (cf. Dutch 'to worsen', originally 'to swell'), enlargement of * "to swell" ; akin to Old Irish '(s)he swells'. "bicolor; pronghorn", originally just "pronghorn", from * "white-tipped", from * "tip, peak" + "white"; akin to Irish/Breton "peak", Cornish/Welsh "id."; also Old Irish , Ir/Sc , Welsh , Breton "watercress", (also Galician ) from *; akin to Welsh , Breton/Cornish , Old Irish , Irish , Scottish Gaelic "granite crag, cliff", from "over" and "rock" (dial.) (also Old Spanish , Galician ), from * "load"; akin to Irish/Scottish "load", "to rock" "big lip, lip blubber" (also Galician "lip"), from OSp "snout", from * "animal's mouth", from * "to yell"; akin to Old Irish , Irish ‘yell, roar’, Scottish , Welsh ‘to low, sob’, Cornish ‘to bray’, Breton ‘to bleat’
1945_8
(Huesca) "pruning hook", from * (also French , Occitan ); akin to Welsh "billhook", Cornish "id.", Irish "sickle", Breton "boar-spear" "scrubland; rocky terrain", from *, from "fortress"; akin to Middle Irish , genitive "mountain", Scottish "fortified hill", Welsh "hill", "id", Cornish , "hill", Breton "hill", "brooch, prickles" "heather" (also Navarre , Galician , Asturian ), from OSp , from *, from , from HispCelt *; akin to Welsh/Cornish (< * < *), Middle Breton , Old Irish , , Irish . Similarly, Catalan , Occitan , Milanese < *. "witch" (also Portuguese , Aragonese , Catalan ), from *, from * "magic"; akin to Middle Welsh "magic wand", Breton "witch, magic", "spells, charms", Old Irish "charms", "to light up, illuminate", "shining one". is from Italian "sharp, tart, rough" and has two possible etymologies: either it is akin to Welsh "nimble, lively", Irish/Scottish "to be surprised, to jump for joy"
1945_9
or it is from Medieval Latin "butcher's broom plant", a blend of Latin "butcher's broom" and Late Latin "heather" "cow pasture" (OSp "meadow, cowfield", Portuguese , Old Galician "dairy farm; herd"), from Celtiberian "byre, cowshed" (Old Irish "wealth in cattle") and "field" (cf. Irish , Welsh , Cornish/Breton ) "standard, sheth (of a plow)", cambija "water tower" (also Galician and Portuguese "yoke", Galician "wheel rim"), from * "crooked, bent", feminine of *; akin to Old Irish 'crooked', Irish/Scottish , Welsh , Cornish/Breton "curved, bent"; Welsh "tire rim", Breton , both from *. = to load, to charge, to charge with a crime, to carry: from Late Latin "to load," from , see below. = a highway lane: from , see below. = cart, cartload, car, streetcar, coach: from Latin from Gaulish , from the IE root (*) "to run" .
1945_10
"spider crab", (also Galician , Portuguese ) from Celtic "first" + "large, big", referring to the fact it is larger than more common species of crabs; akin to Breton "before", Cornish , "before, early", Welsh "id.", Irish "first"; and Middle Irish "big, large", Welsh/Cornish "all, entire" "beehive" (also Portuguese , Galician ), from * "made from straw", from * "straw" (cf. Leonese "straw"); akin to Breton "stalk" (MBr ) "mistress, home-wrecker", (also Old Galician ) from OSp ~ , from *, from * "to take"; akin to Welsh , 'to take', Breton , , Cornish 'to take', Irish 'help' "bent", from *; akin to = belt, from Gallo-Latin "strap" (compare also Galician "twisted twig using as a bond"); akin to Old Irish "fetter", Scottish "bond, chain", Welsh "saddle", Middle Welsh "leashes", Cornish "fastening, link", Breton "link, bond" "circle"; akin to Middle Irish "circle", "sickle", Welsh "circle", Cornish "hedge, boundary; turn, shift"
1945_11
"maggot" (also Galician ), older "maggot", from * "decay"; akin to Old Irish "to fall", Irish , Scottish "trough" (also Galician ), from * "hand"; akin to Irish , Welsh , Breton "to addle", in OSp "to brood" (also Galician "to brood, sit on eggs"); akin to Old Irish 'to warm', Welsh/Cornish 'to brood, sit (on eggs)', Breton "large stone", from *, from *; akin to Old Irish 'stone pillar', 'standing stone' "hook" (also French "fallow field"), from * "small curved branch"; akin to Old Irish "branch" "claw, talon"; akin to Welsh "leg", Corn/Bret "leg, stalk, stem", Old Irish "calves of the leg", Irish "heron" (also Portuguese ), from *; akin to Welsh , Cornish , Breton "handful", from , from *; akin to Irish "to take", Welsh "to grasp, hold", Cornish ; also Welsh "tongs", Breton/Cornish , Old Irish (OSp "hair, beard"), from *; akin to Old Irish "beard", Irish , Welsh "eyelid", Breton
1945_12
"gouge" (also Portuguese , French ), from *; akin to Old Irish "sting", Scottish "chisel", Old Welsh "piercer", Welsh "beak", Old Breton "beak", Breton "tailless" ~ huero "vain, vacuous, without substance", from dialectal "to brood, sit on eggs" (see above) "league", from Late Latin ; akin to Old Irish (gen. ) "stone", Irish "dregs, lees", "slime, mud" ( ~ ~ "birdlime", Basque ), from *; Old Breton 'silt, deposit', Breton 'dregs', Welsh 'silt, deposit' Old Spanish 'sterile, infertile', from *, derivative of Latin 'dwarf horse' (cf. Portuguese 'sterile'), from Gaulish * (cf. Basque 'mule') "mine", from * (also Asturian "vein"), from * "ore"; akin to Welsh "ore", Cornish , Irish "moor", attested as , from * + (superlative). "finch" (var. pinchón; also Catalan , Occitan , Tuscan ) from Gaulish ; akin to Welsh , Breton
1945_13
"Portuguese oak", from earlier , from Asturian (also Aragonese "oak", Galician "Portuguese oak"), from * (cf. Gascon , French ) + ; akin to Middle Irish "curly, gnarled", "to bend", Irish "to twist, turn, spin", Old Welsh , Welsh "twist" "brill, seabass", from * "round-limbed", from "wheel, circle" + "limb"; akin to Old Irish , Welsh , Cornish , Breton and Irish "limb", Welsh ‘sack, purse’, Cornish ‘bow-net’ "shad" (also Portuguese , Catalan , Galician ), from *; akin to Old Irish "summer", Welsh , Breton , Cornish , with typical Celtic m > b lenition ; akin to Middle Irish "snare", "rivet", Welsh "snare", "rivet" , from * "seat"; akin to Old Welsh "tilled or sown field" (also Old Galician , Galician , Portuguese ), from *, from * "separate, apart" + * "field"; akin to Old Irish "alone", Welsh "other", Cornish "self, one's own", and Irish , Welsh , Cornish/Breton .
1945_14
(also Portuguese/Italian , Old French ), from Gaulish *; akin to Welsh/Cornish "chain", Breton "harness trace", Irish "rope", Scottish "straw rope" , (also Galician ) from *; akin to Welsh "drill", Irish , Cornish , Breton , from *; akin to Scottish , "nail, stud" "badger" (also Portuguese , Catalan , , Old French , Italian ), from OSp , from Gaulish *; akin to Old Irish (person's name) "badger", Scottish "marten", Old Welsh (person's name) "stubborn" (also Catalan 'stiff, rigid', Béarnais 'cruel, treacherous', Italian , 'miserly, crude'), from *; akin to Middle Irish , Welsh 'miserly, scarce' "mire, muddy place" (also Catalan "pool in a river", Galician "dam"), from *; akin to Irish/Cornish "hole", Welsh , Breton
1945_15
, from Galician "skin, bark", from Gaulish *, "skin, hide, rind"; akin to Old Irish "skin, surface", Irish "hide, skin", Welsh "skin", Cornish "surface", Breton "rind, surface". From the same source came Late Latin 'wine-cask', whence French 'tun' (wine-cask)', 'barrel'. "club, cudgel" (also Portuguese , Galician "door bolt"), from *; akin to Old Irish "iron nail, tine", Irish "metal nail", Scottish "nail" "jester, baffoon" (also Portuguese , Galician "sadness, pity", French "vagrant, beggar"); akin to Old Irish "miserable", Irish , Scottish , Welsh "wretched", Breton "beggar", Cornish "miser; wretched" (also Portuguese/Catalan "wattle hut", dial. French "haybale, straw heap"), from (Lat fundus , in Tabula Veleiana, c. 2nd century); akin to Middle Irish "fort; woodhouse"
1945_16
"elder" (also Asturian , Galician , Occitan , ), from older , , from *, alteration of Gaulish , odicus (Marcellus Empiricus, De medicamentis liber, 7.13), which was also loaned into German "dwarf elder, danewort", Old Saxon , Dutch .
1945_17
Loanwords to lower, to knock down, to humble: from Vulgar Latin to demolish, knock down, overthrow: from + Latin , see below. The d is assimilated to the b in . abomasum: from Modern Latin (first used in English in 1706) from Latin + "intestine of an ox," possibly from Gaulish. to button, fasten: from + "a button" (see below) + the verbal infinitive suffix . a muddy place, bog: from "to dirty to soil," from + "mire, muddy place" (possibly from a Celtic word represented in Old Irish "hole, pit, grave") + the verbal infinitive suffix . a bachelor: from Old French "bachelor, young man, young gentleman" (Modern French ), from Medieval Latin "an advanced student, farmer," probably from Celtic, possibly related to Irish "rural dweller, farmer." battle, struggle: from Vulgar Latin (*) "combat," from Late Latin "military drill in fencing," from Latin , see below.
1945_18
battery: from French (originally referred to a battery of kitchen utensils made with a hammer), from , from Latin , see below. to hit, strike: from Latin , "to beat, strike," probably of Celtic origin. an orchestra conductor's baton: from Italian , from , from Latin , see above. a bohemian, of Bohemia, vagabond, eccentric, Gitano, Gypsy: from (from the belief that the Gitanos came from Bohemia), from Latin , literally "place of the Boi/Boii", from tribal name + from Germanic * "home" (see here). The etymology of Boii is disputed, either "cattle-owners" or "warriors, strikers". broccoli from Latin , from ; akin to Welsh "form", Irish from Vulgar Latin (*) "a nail a brocade: from Italian , from "a twist thread, shoot, sprout," see below. brooch, clasp, clip, fastener: from Old French "a spit," from Vulgar Latin (*) "a nail, spike," from Latin "a nail, projecting (adj.), buck-toothed (adj.)" from Celtic (*) "a pin, badger."
1945_19
broccoli: from Italian , plural of , "sprout of cabbage/turnip" diminutive of "shoot, sprout," from Vulgar Latin (*), see above. to engage in combat, to fight: from + see above. rabbit: Iberian or Celtiberian; cf Irish , Cornish , Manx , Gaelic , Welsh . a debate, dispute, quarrel: from Old French "discussion, controversy, contest" (Modern French ), from , "to fight, wrestle, struggle," from + "to fight, strike," from Latin , see above. , from Middle French , diminutive of ; akin to Irish "spear", Welsh "dart", Breton "tannery", from French , from "tanbark"; akin to Breton "red oak", Old Cornish , Old and Modern Irish "mass of metal from furnace; metal bar, ingot; (ogham letter) "holly, alder".
1945_20
See also Linguistic history of Spanish List of Galician words of Celtic origin List of Spanish words of Basque/Iberian origin List of English words of Spanish origin Lists of English words of Celtic origin List of French words of Gaulish origin Notes Bibliography Cornelius Joseph Crowly, "New Linguistic Date for Hispano-Celtic: An Evaluation", Bono Homini Donum: Essays in Historical Linguistics in Memory of J. Alexander Kerns, vol. 1, ed., Yoël L. Arbeitman & Allan R. Bomhard (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1981), pp. 73–85. Guido Gómez de Silva, Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua española () The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edn. (2000). Celtic Spanish
1946_0
Rigoberto Urán Urán, ODB (born 26 January 1987) is a Colombian professional road racing cyclist who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam . At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he won a silver medal in the road race. He became the first Colombian ever to make the podium of the Giro d'Italia, when he finished second behind Vincenzo Nibali in the 2013 edition of the race, having taken leadership of following the abandonment of team captain Bradley Wiggins. He also won a mountain-top stage in that race with a solo breakaway. The previous year, he had won the white jersey for best young rider, and a seventh-place finish overall. In the 2014 Giro d'Italia he finished second again in the general classification, this time behind countryman Nairo Quintana. At the 2017 Tour de France, Urán won the ninth stage and finished second overall, fifty-four seconds down on race winner Chris Froome.
1946_1
Early life Urán was first introduced to the world of cycling at the age of 14 by his father, who was assassinated a few months later by one of the country's paramilitary terrorist groups. Rigoberto had to work as a lottery-ticket seller to help his family and at the age of 16 he turned professional and moved to Medellín to ride for Orgullo Paisa, a Colombian cycling team. Cycling career
1946_2
Tenax and Unibet (2006–07) At the age of 19 he moved to Italy to ride for Team Tenax with his compatriot Marlon Pérez Arango. The following year he signed for and won a time trial at the Euskal Bizikleta that was stopped with some riders still left to go due to heavy rainfall and strong winds. He also won the eighth stage of the Tour de Suisse, getting away from a bunch of approximately 55 riders with to go and holding onto the lead. He also finished ninth overall of the race. At the 2007 Deutschland Tour he was in a breakaway with eventual stage winner Damiano Cunego when he flew down over a mountain stream and smashed into a retaining wall. He fractured both elbows and the right wrist. Caisse d'Epargne (2008–10)
1946_3
In 2008 he signed a contract with and went on to finish second at the Volta a Catalunya and third at the Giro di Lombardia, a prestigious one-day classic. At the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, Urán competed in the road race but he did not finish. In 2009 he finished fifth overall at the Tour de Romandie and rode his first the Tour de France and finished 52nd. In 2010 he rode the Giro d'Italia and finished 7th overall in the 2010 Tour de Suisse. He also rode the Vuelta a España but suffered a fall that ended his options of a high overall placing while being eighth overall. Team Sky (2011–13) 2011
1946_4
Urán joined for the 2011 season. He finished 5th in Liège–Bastogne–Liège, and 4th overall in the Volta a Catalunya. At the Tour de France, Urán became leader of Sky after Bradley Wiggins crashed out on Stage 7. He finished 5th on Stage 14, taking the best young rider's jersey and moving up to 11th overall in the process. Urán lost the jersey to Rein Taaramäe on Stage 18 after picking up an illness, and eventually finished 24th overall. He managed to recover in time for the Clásica de San Sebastián where he placed 9th and took his first top 10 finish in the race. Urán travelled to Canada in September in order to ride the new Canadian World Tour classics that was introduced in 2010. His best result was 3rd at Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec, which he later won in 2015.
1946_5
2012 During the Volta a Catalunya, Urán claimed his first win for Sky on Stage 4 after winning a sprint from a 6-man breakaway which narrowly held off the chasing pack. Urán finished second on the following stage, and finished the race in fifth place overall. At the Giro d'Italia he won the young rider classification and finished seventh overall after being in the lead group for most of the mountain stages. He did not have one result that stood out in the individual stages, but finished in the top ten of stages 10, 14, 17 (4th), 19 and 20, which were all crucial mountainous affairs. He finished 5 minutes and 57 seconds in arrears of the victor, Canadian Ryder Hesjedal of .
1946_6
He took silver in the Olympic road race after breaking away with Alexander Vinokourov with to cover. Approximately 200 metres from the arrival, and with the victory secured for one of the two men, Urán looked back, unwisely over his left shoulder (since Vinokourov was on his right) to see if the chasers were approaching to threaten their lead. Vinokourov then started his sprint, taking Urán by surprise. Urán reacted with a delay since he did not see the move and could not close the gap as Vinokourov took the gold medal. He rode the Vuelta a España in support of his leader Chris Froome, and finished in 29th position. Later in the fall, competing in the Italian Classic Gran Piemonte, Urán attacked in the final climb of the day, followed by Gorka Verdugo (). The pair agreed verbally to cooperate until the 500 metres to go mark, and Urán started his sprint with 300 metres to go, winning by six seconds over Luca Paolini of who was trying to come from behind. A couple of days later, he
1946_7
grabbed the third place in the Monument of cycling Giro di Lombardia in difficult weather conditions (cold and rain). He crossed the line in Lecco as part of a small group of chasers who unsuccessfully tried to reel in Joaquim Rodríguez of the squad.
1946_8
2013
1946_9
Urán was selected for the Giro d'Italia, originally as one of Bradley Wiggins' mountain domestiques. Urán sat fifth overall after Sky won the team time trial on Stage 2, and moved up to third overall on the following stage. He moved up to second overall, behind Luca Paolini, on Stage 4, after Wiggins lost time behind a crash. However, on Stage 7, Urán was forced to wait for Wiggins after he struggled then crashed on wet descents, and dropped out of the top ten as a result. After the individual time trial on Stage 8, Urán sat tenth overall, 2 minutes and 49 seconds behind new leader Vincenzo Nibali. On Stage 10, the first mountain stage of the race, Urán launched an attack on the final climb, Altopiano del Montasio, and won the stage by 20 seconds from compatriot Carlos Betancur. Urán also moved up to third overall, 2 minutes and 4 seconds behind Nibali, and 1 second ahead of Wiggins. Wiggins withdrew due to illness after losing further time on Stage 12, leaving Urán as Sky's leader.
1946_10
Urán placed fifth on Stage 14 to maintain third place by a single second to Mauro Santambrogio, but solidified his position on Stage 16 as Santambrogio lost over two minutes. Urán came sixth in the mountain time trial on Stage 18 to reduce the gap to second placed Cadel Evans to just 12 seconds. On the final summit finish on Stage 20, Urán came third behind Nibali and Fabio Duarte to leapfrog Evans into second place. He safely negotiated the final stage to finish the Giro second overall, 4 minutes and 43 seconds behind Nibali, to take his first Grand Tour podium.
1946_11
In August 2013, it was announced that Urán would leave at the end of the 2013 season, and join for the 2014 season. Omega Pharma–Quick Step (2014–2015) Urán started his 2014 season with another placing at the Tour of Oman where he finished 3rd. Though aiming for the Giro d'Italia he was quiet during the Tour de Romandie apart from finishing 4th in the penultimate time trial. A week later, he entered the Giro d'Italia leading .
1946_12
His first week at the Giro started well where he was placed 2nd behind race leader Cadel Evans. He would put a stunning time trial performance on stage 12 not only taking the stage win, but also taking the race lead. This made him the first Colombian ever to wear the pink jersey as leader of the general classification. He then kept a large margin of his lead on stages 14 and 15. However, on stage 16, he would lose his race lead to fellow Colombian Nairo Quintana controversially, after thinking the Stelvio descent was neutralized where Quintana went off and attacked. Though his team reacted to this in a negative way, Urán never reacted to it. Though he put a solid 3rd place in the stage 19 mountain time trial, his chances of winning neared zero after being 3 minutes behind Quintana at the end of stage 19. Urán finished strong on the Zonoclan, finishing with Quintana and gaining time over the rest of the GC contenders. Despite the controversy on the Stelvio descent, Urán seemed happy
1946_13
enough to finish second in the Giro.
1946_14
After a nice start sitting 3rd overall, Urán slipped in the overall classification of the Vuelta a España, dropping out of contention as he suffered from asthmatic bronchitis. The team hoped Urán's condition would improve during the second rest day, but to no avail. He finally abandoned the race before Stage 17. In 2015, after a strong season start with a 3rd overall in Tirreno–Adriatico and 5th overall in Volta a Catalunya and Tour de Romandie, he had a quiet Giro, finishing in 14th position. Later that year, Urán won his first World Tour competition in the Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec. Cannondale Pro Cycling Team (2016–present) Starting in 2016, Urán joined team . In his first season with the team he targeted the Giro d'Italia, but his form never reached the levels of two years earlier as he finished 7th overall. He finished the season with a 3rd place at Il Lombardia, his third such finish in the race. 2017
1946_15
Urán had a stronger start to his 2017 season, finishing 8th overall at Tirreno–Adriatico and 9th overall at Tour of the Basque Country. His last preparation race before the Tour de France, was the Route du Sud where he finished 8th. Urán won Stage 9 of the Tour de France in a photo finish over Warren Barguil (), despite his bicycle gearing being damaged in a crash involving Richie Porte () on the descent of the Mont du Chat. Porte had taken out Dan Martin, who then grazed Urán, hitting his derailleur, but remained upright. Approaching the final week, Urán was 4th in the general classification, only 29 seconds behind race leader Chris Froome (). As a strong performer in time trials, Froome saw Urán as his closest rival in the race. Urán almost crashed on the final turn of the time trial, and ultimately lost 25 seconds to Froome, but he overhauled Romain Bardet for second place overall, to record his first podium at the Tour de France. His team manager Jonathan Vaughters said "he is the
1946_16
best leadership figure as a rider I've ever worked with".
1946_17
2018
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Following his second place at the Tour de France in 2017, Urán was targeting the overall victory in 2018. He started his season in Colombia, riding the Colombian National Road Race Championships where he finished 7th. A week later he won stage 5 of Colombia Oro y Paz, and finished the race in 3rd overall. In June, Urán won stage 3 of Tour of Slovenia, and took the leader's jersey. However, on the following stage, another Tour contender Primož Roglič took the leader's jersey. Roglič also won the final stage, with Urán losing over a minute to Roglič; he finished 2nd overall, 1:50 behind Roglič. Urán started the Tour de France as one of the main favourites and was sitting in 6th place after stage 8. On stage 9 however, Urán experienced bad luck and crashed injuring his left arm and leg. He suffered through the first two days in the mountains before abandoning the race after stage 11. Urán returned to racing one month later at Clásica de San Sebastián where, he finished 6th which was his
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best result, to that point, at the race. He was looking to redeem himself at the Vuelta a España, and slowly made his way up in the general classification. On the penultimate stage, Urán finished 5th and advanced to 7th place overall, which was his first top 10 overall finish at the Vuelta.
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In October, Urán rode the Giro dell'Emilia and finished 2nd in the race. Italian rider Alessandro De Marchi had attacked early in the final, and the other contenders could not manage to pace him down. Urán was the best rider in the favourites group after he attacked inside the last . 2019 Urán crashed out on stage 6 of the Vuelta a España, being one of four riders to abandon due to the crash. He was sixth in the general classification at the start of the stage. He did not have any top 10 places in 2019 other than at the Tour de France.
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2020 The 2020 cycling season was severely disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the Tour de France, Urán led the team where he was joined by compatriots Daniel Martínez and Sergio Higuita. He avoided mistakes and crashes, moving up to sixth overall by the first rest day. He progressed up to third overall ahead of the second rest day, after Romain Bardet, Guillaume Martin and Egan Bernal all lost time in the mountains. On stage 17, Urán lost at least 39 seconds to all his general classification rivals – and around 2 minutes at most – after cracking in the last of the ascent of the Col de la Loze; he dropped from third to sixth overall as a result. Urán ultimately finished the race in eighth overall. He finished the 2020 season with a fifteenth-place finish at Liège–Bastogne–Liège, finishing fourteen seconds off the race win, as part of an eleven-rider group.
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2021 Urán's first victory of the 2021 season came at the Tour de Suisse, where he won the penultimate stage individual time trial by 40 seconds, as he finished second in the general classification behind Richard Carapaz. Urán led the team at the Tour de France; having been as high as second place overall, Urán cracked in the final week, and fell to tenth in the general classification. At the COVID-19 pandemic-delayed Tokyo Olympics, Urán placed eighth in both the road race and the time trial. Major results
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2003 1st Time trial, National Novice Road Championships National Novice Track Championships 1st Points race 2nd Individual pursuit 2005 1st Road race, National Junior Road Championships National Junior Track Championships 1st Points race 1st Individual pursuit 1st Scratch race 2007 1st Stage 2b (ITT) Euskal Bizikleta 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships 9th Overall Tour de Suisse 1st Stage 8 2008 2nd Overall Volta a Catalunya 3rd Giro di Lombardia 7th Overall Clásica Internacional de Alcobendas 2009 5th Overall Tour de Romandie 2010 7th Overall Tour de Suisse 7th Klasika Primavera 9th Giro del Piemonte 2011 3rd Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec 3rd Giro dell'Emilia 4th Overall Volta a Catalunya 5th Liège–Bastogne–Liège 7th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía 9th Clásica de San Sebastián Tour de France Held after Stages 14–17 2012 1st Gran Piemonte 2nd Road race, Olympic Games 3rd Giro di Lombardia 5th Overall Volta a Catalunya 1st Stage 4
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7th Overall Giro d'Italia 1st Young rider classification 10th Overall Tour de Pologne 2013 2nd Overall Giro d'Italia 1st Stages 2 (TTT) & 10 10th Overall Volta ao Algarve 10th Trofeo Platja de Muro 2014 1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tirreno–Adriatico 2nd Overall Giro d'Italia 1st Stage 12 (ITT) Held after Stages 12–15 3rd Overall Tour of Oman 9th Overall Tour of Beijing 2015 National Road Championships 1st Time trial 4th Road race 1st Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec 2nd Team time trial, UCI Road World Championships 3rd Overall Tirreno–Adriatico 5th Overall Volta a Catalunya 5th Overall Tour de Romandie 7th Strade Bianche 10th Clásica de San Sebastián 2016 3rd Giro di Lombardia 3rd Giro dell'Emilia 3rd Milano–Torino 4th GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano 7th Overall Giro d'Italia 10th Overall Volta a Catalunya 10th Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec 2017 1st Milano–Torino 2nd Overall Tour de France 1st Stage 9 3rd Giro dell'Emilia
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3rd GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano 8th Overall Tirreno–Adriatico 8th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía 8th Overall Route du Sud 9th Overall Tour of the Basque Country 2018 2nd Overall Tour of Slovenia 1st Stage 3 2nd Giro dell'Emilia 3rd Overall Colombia Oro y Paz 1st Stage 5 4th Giro di Lombardia 6th Overall Tour of Guangxi 6th Clásica de San Sebastián 7th Overall Vuelta a España 7th Tre Valli Varesine 10th Overall Tirreno–Adriatico 2019 3rd Overall Route d'Occitanie 6th Overall Tour Colombia 1st Stage 1 (TTT) 7th Overall Tour de France 2020 1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tour Colombia 8th Overall Tour de France 2021 2nd Overall Tour de Suisse 1st Stage 7 (ITT) Olympic Games 8th Road race 8th Time trial 10th Overall Tour de France
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General classification results timeline Classics results timeline References External links 1987 births Colombian Giro d'Italia stage winners Colombian male cyclists Colombian Tour de France stage winners Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics Cyclists at the 2020 Summer Olympics Living people Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics Olympic cyclists of Colombia Olympic medalists in cycling Olympic silver medalists for Colombia People from Antioquia Department Tour de Suisse stage winners
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The American cheetah is either of two feline species of the extinct genus Miracinonyx, endemic to North America during the Pleistocene epoch (2.6 million to 12,000 years ago) and morphologically similar to the modern cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). These cats were originally known from fragments of skeletons, but nearly complete skeletons have been recovered from Natural Trap Cave in northern Wyoming.
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The two species commonly identified are M. inexpectatus and M. trumani. Sometimes, a third species, M. studeri, is included, but it is more often listed as a junior synonym of M. trumani. Both species are similar to the modern cheetah, with faces shortened and nasal cavities expanded for increased oxygen capacity, and legs proportioned for swift running. However, these similarities may not be inherited from a common ancestor, but may instead result from either parallel or convergent evolution. These were larger than a modern cheetah and similar in size to a modern northern cougar. Body mass was typically around , with a head-and-body length of , tail length around , and shoulder height of . Large specimens could have weighed more than .
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Taxonomy and evolution
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Research into the American cheetah has been contradictory. It was originally believed to be an early cougar representative, before being reclassified in the 1970s as a close relative of the cheetah. This suggested that the ancestors of the cheetah diverged from the Puma lineage in the Americas and migrated back to the Old World, a claim repeated as recently as 2006 by Johnson et al., and in 2015 by Dobrynin et al. However, other research by Barnett and Faurby, through examining mitochondrial DNA and reanalyzing morphology, has suggested reversing the reclassification: the American cheetah developed cheetah-like characteristics through parallel evolution, but it is most closely related to Puma and not to the modern cheetah of Africa and Asia. Moreover, Faurby notes that no Acinonyx fossils have been found in North America, and no Miracinonyx fossils elsewhere. However, O'Brien et al. (2016) posit that the supposed homoplasy between the genera is controversial, as it is asserted that
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is not necessarily any conclusive anatomical or genetic basis for dismissing a homologous relationship between Acinonyx and Miracinonyx. The veracity of the origin of the modern cheetah is also debated; however, Miracinonyx is believed to have evolved from cougar-like ancestors, regardless of whether in the Old World or the New World.
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The cougar and M. trumani are believed to have split from a cougar-like ancestor around three million years ago; where M. inexpectatus fits in is unclear, although it is probably a more primitive version of M. trumani. Miracinonyx trumani M. trumani was the animal morphologically most similar to true cheetahs. Living on the prairies and plains of western and central North America, it was probably a predator of hoofed plains animals, such as the pronghorn, an extant species. In fact, predation by Miracinonyx is thought to be the reason pronghorns evolved to run so swiftly, their top speed still being used to evade their extant American predators, such as cougars and gray wolves. Fossils of M. trumani have been found in Arizona, Florida, Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, South Carolina, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Miracinonyx inexpectatus
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M. inexpectatus was more similar to the cougar than was M. trumani, its proportions being between that of the cougar and M. trumani. It had fully retractable claws, and with its lighter build, M. inexpectatus was probably faster than the cougar. Due to its retractable claws, it possibly was more adept at climbing than M. trumani. Fossil remains found in Hamilton Cave in West Virginia show that this creature lived with and competed with other large cats like jaguars and saber-toothed cats. Fossils of M. inexpectatus have also been found in Florida, Texas, Colorado, Georgia, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and California. In 2022, the skeletal remains of a Miracinonyx were retrieved from a cave in southwest Virginia. See also Giant cheetah References Piacenzian first appearances Pleistocene carnivorans Pleistocene extinctions Pliocene carnivorans Prehistoric felines Prehistoric mammals of North America Fossil taxa described in 1979
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Star Academy Arab World or Star Academy Arabia, is a pan-Arab televised talent show, which has aired since 2003. The show features a group of young male and female candidates who are selected from a pan-Arab pool of more than three-thousand and are sequestered for four months in "The Academy," a four-story building in Lebanon, where they live, train, and compete against one another every week. The show became an instant success and an everyday much-watched event across the Arab world. The show was adapted from a French show of the same name and is produced by Dutch company Endemol, Vanilla Productions & PAC Ltd. Star Academy Arab World is based on the Spanish format Operación Triunfo. The show centers around the 16 candidates who compete in weekly talent competitions, singing, dancing, and acting during on-stage performances. At the end of every week, one contestant is kicked off by a public vote by the viewers.
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One of the show's highlights are the appearances of some of the Arab World's most important performers such as Najwa Karam, Diana Haddad, Haifa Wahbe, Elissa, Angham, Assala Nasri, Ramy Ayach, Myriam Fares, Kazem Al Saher, Nawal Al-Zoghbi, Marwan Khoury, Carole Samaha, Ehab Tawfik, Wael Kfoury, Sherine, Fares Karam, Abdallah Al Rowaished, Saad Lamjarred and many more. The show has also been successful for its reinvention and continuous changes, just as, starting from the third season, the show witnessed guests from international superstars such as Julio Iglesias, Anggun, Karl Wolf, Tina Arena, Chris De Burgh and Massari.
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Overview Based in Adma, a city north of Beirut, Lebanon, the show is aired for 4 months on the Egyptian TV station CBC and on the Lebanese terrestrial channel LBC and is hosted by Hilda Khalife. The show follows 16 candidates through their weeks living in "The Academy," training with "teachers," and performing their talents in live on-stage shows. While many choose to sing, talents are not restricted to vocal performances; acting and dancing are also common talents. The show takes on a few different formats depending on the day of the week. Every day, there is a one-hour "access" show that goes over the day's important and exciting events. On Friday, there is a live performance show where the candidates compete against each other, sometimes alongside famous domestic and international stars, and are voted off one by one. In addition, viewers can tune into "The Academy" 24/7 by watching LBC Reality, a dedicated satellite station.
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The concept of the show is training the students in several disciplines: singing, acting, sports, vocalizing, theatre expression, dancing, and musical culture. Then, each Monday, the three weakest students are nominated. The nomination is done by the teaching staff after the candidates undergo an evaluation test the day before Sunday. On Friday, a special live show called "Prime" is broadcast. During the prime show, the candidates perform and sing either by themselves or with guest artists. The three nominated candidates' initial voting is through the public, done by either phone calls or text messages. The one with the highest percentage of votes returns. The two remaining candidates are then voted on by their fellow candidates, and the one with the most votes remains. The other candidate has to leave the academy immediately. When the overall number of candidates is reduced, the nomination by the professors comes down to two students. At this point, it's completely up to the public
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to vote who is in and who is out, as the remaining candidates do not vote.
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The show proved to be immensely popular. As both the LBC and CBC stations provide satellite connections to more than two dozen Arab countries and also to Arab communities throughout the world, it became one of the most popular shows in the Arab-speaking world. In Saudi Arabia in particular, Star Academy was a media event so popular that its broadcasts achieved record ratings, emptied streets in major cities like Jedda, animated debates, inspired Mosque sermons, and widely distracted students from focusing on final exams in May 2004. (Al-Humaydan, 2005) CBC And LBCI, the networks airing the show, reaped huge profits from the show but have been unable to replicate the show's success with other reality shows. This debate also caused the indefinite postponing of West Asian edition of Big Brother, also known as Big Brother – Al Raiss. Reception Conservative response
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While the show is immensely popular among viewers, especially in Saudi Arabia, many conservative and religious leaders have criticized the show for promoting anti-Islamic behavior and ideals. Star Academy has sparked intense debates over the role of Islam in public life, Western cultural influence, gender relations, and political participation and has subverted Wahhabi notions of social order. In response to countless questions from religious Saudi viewers who questioned whether or not it was religiously haram (prohibited) or halal (permitted) to watch the show and participate in the voting component of Star Academy, the Permanent Committee for Scientific Research and the Issuing of Fatwas issued a related fatwa (religious ruling) that prohibited watching, discussing, voting in, or participating in Star Academy, as well as urging businessmen not to finance this or any similar show.
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According to the Committee, the fatwa was issued because the show carried a number of serious issues including "free mixing of the sexes," "the wanton display and unveiling on the part of the women displaying their charms," and blatant promotion of immorality by "making Muslims get used to seeing these shameful scenes that provoke desires and by distancing them from good morals and virtues." The Committee also declared that simply not watching the show was not sufficient; it is also the duty of all practicing Muslims to advise those who watch or take part in the show that it is against religious law.
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Many individuals have also spoken out against the show, citing religious reasoning as well. An Imam as Mecca’s Great Mosque called Star Academy a "weapon of mass destruction." Sahwi activists distributed a series of audiocassette sermons entitled "Satan Academy" while still others created similar sermons that compared the reality show to the virulent virus that had caused severe respiratory syndrome in the population. Religious leaders were not the only one to speak out against the show, though. Al-Riyah published a number of hostile op-eds entitled "Star Academy: A Corrupt Satellite Industry" and "Star Academy… The Other Terrorism" that harshly criticized the show. Liberal response
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While there was much criticism of the show by the area’s more conservative members of society, many liberals praised the novel approach to television media. Numerous reporters in Saudi newspapers praised Star Academy as an alternative to the extremist dogma that had taken over mass media in the nation. In their view, the show acted as an invitation to dialogue as well as an inspiring lesson in democracy. In a column entitled "Star Academy’s Democracy" a female Saudi journalist wrote that "Arabs sheid away from voting because …[of fraud]… until satellite television… corrupted us by inciting us to vote: "vote you are the referee"…"nominate your favorite candidate"…the Arab viewer has become obsessed with voting because results resemble election results in the United States, where unlike Arab elected, no body wins by 99.9 percent but rather by logical proportions."
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Other liberals were exasperated by the conservatives’ excessive reaction to Star Academy. Another female journalist writing for Arab news asked "how vulnerable must we be if a TV program can ‘destroy our moral standards and teach our children bad things." A major liberal voice hailed from within the royal family when Prince Al-Waleed Bin Talal, a major stakeholder in LBC, supported Star Academy by sending his private plane to Beirut to bring the winner back to Saudi Arabia. A "Patriot Night"
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On 14 February 2005, Rula Sa'd, the Director of Marketing and Promotions at the LBC acted in her role as "Director of the Academy" to announce to the contestants that Rafiq al-Hariri had been assassinated and that Lebanon was in mourning. This was one of the only instances in the show's history that a real-life event had intruded upon The Academy. Like other Lebanese channels, LBC suspended its regular programing to focus all attention on the aftermath of the assassination, including a ten-day hiatus of Star Academy. The show resumed on Friday, 25 February with an episode that critics deemed "The Patriotic Night" during which the contestants, along with Arab celebrities and contestants from past seasons came together and sung a number of patriotic songs in solidarity with the mourning nation. Not once throughout the program was al-Hariri's name said; instead, the show was made to be a demonstration of renewed patriotism.
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Major controversy began when it came time to vote off that week's losing contestant. That week, the three nominees for expulsion included a Bahraini man Ahmad Salaheddin, a Syrian woman Joey Bassous, and a Lebanese man, Samer Doumit. Per contest rules, the public votes to save one contestant, and the remaining two are voted for by the other non nominated contestants. The Bahraini man was rescued by the public, but the Syrian women, despite getting higher ratings than Doumit by the public, was ultimately voted off the show. The ousting was said to echo the tension that already existed between Syria and Lebanon post-assassination, as there was widespread suspicion that the Syrians were implicated in the crime. Winners
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The winners for the various series were: Star Academy 1 (2003–2004): Mohamed Attieh Star Academy 2 (2004–2005): Hisham Abdulrahman Star Academy 3 (2005–2006): Joseph Attieh Star Academy 4 (2006–2007): Shatha Hassoun Star Academy 5 (2008): Nader Guirat Star Academy 6 (2009): Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Star Academy 7 (2010): Nassif Zeitoun Star Academy 8 (2011): Nesma Mahgoub Star Academy 9 (2013–2014): Mahmoud Mohy Star Academy 10 (2014): Mohamed Chahine Star Academy 11 (2015–2016): Marwan Youssef Teachers Academy Director:Roula Saad (Seasons 1 to 8) / Claudia Marchelian (Seasons 9 to 11) Contestant Supervisor: Fouad Fadel Voice Instructor: Wadih Abi Raad / Khalil Abu Obeid / Hicham Boulos/ Carla Ramia Music Instructor: Michel Fadel/ Amir Theyma Vocalize Instructor: Mary Mahfoud/ Pierre Samia Dance Instructor: Alissar Caracalla/ Hadi Awada Drama Instructor: Betty Taoutel/ Gabriel Yammine/ Aida Sabra Fitness Instructor: George Assaf ( change annually ) Seasons
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Star Academy 1 The first season of Star Academy 1 made its debut in early December 2003. The first season ended on 4 April 2004. The winner was the Egyptian candidate, Mohammad Attia.
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The inaugural show quickly became popular and tickets for the show became harder to get as the show went on. The students, particularly the Top 8, became household names, and those that made the Top 8 became instant stars. The eight finalists were Mohammad Attia (Egypt), Bashar Al Shatty (Kuwait), Sophia El Mareekh (Morocco), Bahaa' El Kafy (Tunisia), Ahmed El Sherif (Tunisia), Myriam Attallah (Syria), Mohammad Khalawi (Saudi Arabia) and Cynthia Karam (Lebanon). The teachers were as follows: Wadih Abi Raad, Michael Fadel, Mary Mahfouth, Betty Taoutel, Aida Sabra, Elissar Karakalla and Rola Saad. At the end of the show, an album featuring the Top 8 was released, as well as a music video for the winner. They then went on a Pan Arab tour, performing concerts in Dubai, Kuwait, Cairo, Alexandria, Amman, Damascus, and Beirut.
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Many of them released albums, ranging in various degrees of success. Bashar Al Shatty (Kuwait) has gained much success in his three albums which he released over the last five years. Also being crowned as the most successful teenage singer in the Persian Gulf region was added to his success of being the Star Academy finalist. However, the most successful was Ahmed El Sherif (Tunisia), despite coming in the 5th place. His album has been the most successful among all student from Star Academy thus far, and has also dwarfed the albums of any of the contestants from rival show SuperStar on Future TV.
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Mohammad Attia (Winner; released one album) Bashar Al Shatti (Finalist; released three albums) Bahaa' El Kafy (3rd place; released one album) Mohammad Khalawi (4th place; released one album) Ahmed El Sherif (5th place; released two albums) Sophia El Mareekh (6th place; released one album) Cynthia Karam (7th place; no albums released) Myriam Attallah (8th place; released multiple songs & albums) The candidate that took the 9th place, Bruno Tabbal, participated in the "World Best" contest that englobed about 11 countries that have this reality show in their country. He took the 10th place, and the French person, Elodie Frégé, won. Primes : As there was a tie, Sophia had the casting vote and she saved Bruno. : One week after the beginning of the program, She was chosen to participate in the program because of the withdrawal of the Syrian candidate Wafaa due to some pregnancy problems. : As there was a tie, Amine had the casting vote and he saved Yasser. Tour
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Mohamad A, Bashar, Bahaa, Ahmad, Mohamad K, Sophia, Cynthia, and Myriam (the Top 8) were chosen to be part of the tour. Star Academy 2 Hisham, from Saudi Arabia, was declared as the winner this year, even though he was not the critic's favorite. He is also the winner with the most nominations in the show's history, with a record 4 nominations. Most felt that Amani or Zizi were the better performers overall. Many also felt that this year was a step-down in the quality of students from the previous year, with only Amani, Zizi, and Ahmed being deemed good singers. Primes Tour Hisham, Amani, Zizi, Ahmad H, Bashar G, Katia, Samer, and Salma (once again, the Top 8) were chosen to be part of the tour. Star Academy 3
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Joseph Attieh, who is a radio and TV production student received a trophy, $50,000 in cash and a brand new 2006 car. He was 19 years old and the first Lebanese to win the Title. This year was seen as an improvement over the previous year, and a return to the level of the first season, with many talented students. Some like Hani, Hanaa, and Shayma were deemed just as worthy of winning as Joseph. There were also many other strong performers like Fadi, Khalifa, Rakiya, Maya, and Wajdi. This year, the show expanded the number of students from 16 contestants, in the two previous years, to 19 students. Primes : As there was a tie, Mohammad Ibrahim had the casting vote and he saved Mohamed Dossary : As there was a tie, Rym had the casting vote and she saved Mohammad Ibrahim : As there was a tie, Chayma had the casting vote and she saved Mohammad Ibrahim : He withdrew from the academy after being nominated and saved by his colleagues vote and not by the public's vote Tour
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Joseph, Hani, Hanaa, Chayma, Fady, Khalifa, Maya, Rakiya and Wajdi were chosen to be part of the tour. This was the first year 9 students instead of 8 went on tour. It was also the first time where the Top finishing students did not all go on tour. Despite finishing 8th and 9th, Rym and Mohammed I were not chosen for the tour, Rakiya and Wajdi were selected to go on tour instead. Star Academy 4 Shada Hassoun, from Iraq and Morocco, made history by being the first girl to take the title. The fourth season (2007) was also the first season where two girls claimed the first and second place when Shada Hassoun came in first, and Marwa (from Tunisia) came in second. It was also noteworthy to feature the first female contestant from the Persian Gulf, Shoroq (from Bahrain), as well as the first contestant from Oman, Ayoub. Primes
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: As there was a tie, Salwa had the casting vote and she saved Aline : As there was a tie, Tahra had the casting vote and she saved Bassel : As there was a tie, Tahra had the casting vote and she saved Asma : As there was a tie, Badreia had the casting vote and she saved Zeina : There were rumors that the lines in Iraq to vote for Rahma were free of charge on certain days Tour Nassif, Rahma, Mohamed R, Ramy, Badria, Sultan, Asma, Tahra, Mahmoud, Zeina, Abdulaziz, Miral and Rayan were chosen to be part of the tour, but following the shocking and unexpected death of Ramy, the tour was cancelled. Star Academy 8
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Nesma Alaa Ali Mahgoub, a 20-year-old student from Egypt, was the winner this year. She is the second Egyptian to win in the show, after Mohamed Atieh, the second female contestant to win, after Shada Hassoun, and also the second candidate to win in the Arab show by singing mostly the western genre, after Nader Guirat. : As there was a tie, Karim had the casting vote and he saved Nina. : As there was a tie, Ahmad had the casting vote and he saved Husam. : The results were not shown. However, the presenter, Hilda Khalife, said that Ahmad got 96%.
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Star Academy 9 Star Academy Arabia returned with a brand new name after a hiatus of over a year. The series began on 26 September 2013 and ended on 9 January 2014, and was produced by Endemol Middle East. It aired on three channels including LBCI and CBC Egypt. The contestants of this series were, in order of elimination: 1. Menna Hany 2. Marita Abi Nader 3. Issa Almarzoug 4. Taher Mostafa 5. Mayssa Mejri 6. Maria Sarkis 7. Nour Farawati 8. Lilia Ben Chikha 9. Zaki Chreif 10. Mosab Al Khateeb 11. Abdallah Abd Al Aziz 12. Rana Samaha 13. Soukaina Boukries 14. Jean Chahid 15. Zinab Oussama 16. Mahmoud Mohey (Winner) Star Academy 10 The winner of Star Academy 10 made history by being the first contestant from a country that already had a student win from it. Mohammed Chahin from Egypt became the 4th Egyptian to win the title, and the 3rd consecutive one after Mahmoud Mohey in Season 9 and Nesma Mahgoub In Season 8 . Primes Star Academy 11
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Star Academy 11 began in October 2015 and ended in January 2016 with the crowning of this season's winner Marwan Youssef from Lebanon. Marwan is the second Lebanese contestant to win the first place title after Joseph Attieh (Star Academy 3). The season was produced by Endemol Shine Middle East and broadcast on Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International aka LBC Lebanon) and Capital Broadcasting Center aka CBC (Egypt) tv networks. Among many other prizes awarded to the winner of the season, Marwan Youssef won a song produced by Endemol, and released his first single "Watan Hobi." Marwan later went on to release a second single alone with Watary Productions record label titled "Rafed Saddek," which saw great success and lead to him filming his first music video for the song. Marwan has since performed many concerts and performed in important music festivals. This also had a few note worthy and historical things to mention for example, Ihab Amir made history as the first male
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Moroccan contestant since the first season and being the second male Moroccan contestant after Amine Errachidi in the first season. Also Algeria made history this season as this was the first time in the show's entire run that more than one contestant was chosen to represent the North African nation.
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Marwan Youssef winner of star academy 11 |Public's Votes: |Faten 6.25%% Yousef 35.08% Rapheal 58.67% |soukaina 26.95% Faten 7.62% Hanane 65.43% |Mabell 22.64% Ali 41.04% Soukaina 36.32% |Mohameds 23.00% Souhila 52.63% Mortada 24.37% |Chantal 18.21% Mohameds 14.89% Hanane 66.90% |Souhila ? Ali ?% Chantal ?% |Hanane 63.23% Dena 22.16% Chantal 14.60 |Haidy 53.67% Ali 47.33% |Anis 54.30% Mabell 45.70% |Rapheal 70.76 Anis 29.24% |Ihab 48.60% Dena 51.40% |Dena 45.68 Rapheal 54.32% |Rapheal 40.57 Nassim 59.43% |Nassim 51.12% Hanane 48.88% |Haidy 19.32% Marwan 55.46% Mohameda 6.55% Nassim 18.67% Milestones, recordholders and trivia
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Finalist Contestants: -Star Academy 1: .Mohamed Atteya (Egypt); Winner. .Bashar Shatii (Kuwait). -Star Academy 2: .Hisham Abdulrahman (KSA); Winner. .Amani Swisy (Tunisia). -Star Academy 3: .Joseph Atteya (Lebanon); Winner. .Hani Hussein (Egypt). .Han'a Idrissy (Morocco). -Star Academy 4: .Shatha Hassoun (Iraq); First Female Winner. .Marwa Bin Sughaiyer (Tunisia). .Mohamed Kammah (Egypt). .Carlo Nakhla (Lebanon). -Star Academy 5: .Nader Guirat (Tunisia); Winner. .Mohamed Qwidar (Jordan). .Sa'ad Ramadan (Lebanon). -Star Academy 6: .Abdulaziz Abdelrahman (KSA); Second Winner from KSA . .Bassma Bousail (Morocco). .Ibrahim Dashti (Kuwait). .Michel Azzi (Lebanon). -Star Academy 7: .Nassif Zeytoun (Syria); Winner. .Rahma Mezher (Iraq) .Mohamed Ramadan (Jordan). -Star Academy 8: .Nesma Mahgoub (Egypt); Second Winner from Egypt & Second Female Winner. .Ahmed Ezzat (Egypt); .Sarah Farah (Syria); -Star Academy 9: .Mahmoud Mohey (Egypt); Third Winner from Egypt .Zinab Oussama (Morocco)
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.Jean Chahid (Lebanon) -Star Academy 10: .Mohammad Chahine (Egypt); Fourth Winner from Egypt . Lea Makhoul (Lebanon) .Ghada Jreidi (Tunisia) -Star Academy 11 .Marwan Youssef (Lebanon); Second Winner From Lebanon .Heidi Moussa (Egypt) .Nassim Reissi (Tunisia) .Mohammad Abbass (Egypt)
1948_29
Semi-Finalist Contestants: -Star Academy 1: Baha'a AlKaffy (Tunis) -Star Academy 2: ZeeZee Adel (Egypt) -Star Academy 3: Chayma Hilali (Tunis) & Fady Andraos (Palestine) -Star Academy 4: Sally Ahmed (Egypt) -Star Academy 5: Shahinaz (Egypt) -Star Academy 6: Lara Skandar (Egypt) -Star Academy 7: Ramy Shamali (Lebanon) & Baderia Elsayed (Tunisia) -Star Academy 8: Oumayma Taleb (Tunisia) & Gilbert Simon (Lebanon) -Star Academy 9: Soukaina Boukries (Morocco) -Star Academy 10: Mina Atta (Egypt) -Star Academy 11: Hanane El Khader (Morocco)
1948_30
Contestants who have won Top 1 the most in each season: - Star Academy 1: Myriam (Syria) – 4 wins. - Star Academy 2: Amani (Tunisia) – 2 wins. - Star Academy 3: Hani (Egypt) – 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 4: Mohamed Kammah (Egypt) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 4: Shatha hassoun(Iraq) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 5: Nader (Tunisia) – 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 6: Bassma (Morocco) – 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 6: Aya (Egypt) – 2wins (Tie) - Star Academy 7: Mohammed Ramadan (Jordan) – 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 8: Nisma Mahgoub (Egypt) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 8: Sarah Farah (Syria) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 8: Gilbert Simon (Lebanon) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 8: Mohamed Daqdouq (Syria) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 9: Lilia Ben Chikha (Tunisia) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 9: Zinab Oussama (Morocco) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 9: Abdallah Abd Al Aziz (Saudi Arabia) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 10: Mina Atta (Egypt) – 2 wins. (Tie)
1948_31
- Star Academy 11: Haidy Moussa (Egypt) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 11: Marwan Youssef (Lebanon) – 2 wins. (Tie)
1948_32
Contestants who won the title without any nominations: - Star Academy 3: Joseph Attieyh (Lebanon) - Star Academy 7: Nassif Zeytoun (Syria) - Star Academy 8: Nesma Mahgoub (Egypt) - Star Academy 10: Mohammad Chahine (Egypt) - Star Academy 11: Marwan Youssef (Lebanon) Contestants who have never been chosen as nominees: - Star Academy 2: Amani Swaisi (Tunisia) - Star Academy 3: Joseph Attiyah (Lebanon) - Star Academy 3: Hana'a Idrissy (Morocco) - Star Academy 4: Marwa Bin Sughaiyer (Tunisia) - Star Academy 4: Carlo Nakhla (Lebanon) - Star Academy 5: Sa'ad Ramadhan (Lebanon) - Star Academy 6: Basma Boussil (Morocco) - Star Academy 6: Michel Azzi (Lebanon) - Star Academy 7: Nassif Zeytoun (Syria) - Star Academy 7: Mohamed Ramadan (Jordan) - Star Academy 8: Nesma Mahgoub (Egypt) - Star Academy 8: Sarah Farah (Syria) - Star Academy 10: Mohammed Shahin (Egypt) - Star Academy 11: Mohammed Abass (Egypt) - Star Academy 11: Marwan Youssef (Lebanon)
1948_33
Most nominated contestants in Star Academy in each season: - Star Academy 1: Sophia (Morocco) – 4 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 1: Mira (Lebanon) – 4 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 1: Soumaya (Tunisia) – 4 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 2: Hisham (KSA) – 4 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 2: Ahmed S (Bahrain) – 4 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 3: Rym Ghazali (Algeria) – 6 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 4: Sally (Egypt) – 5 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 4: Ali (KSA) – 5 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 5: Dia'a Taybi (Morocco) – 6 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 6: Yehya Swiss (Jordan) – 6 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 7: Tahra (Morocco)- 7 nominations; More than any contestant in Star Academy history. - Star Academy 8: Abdelsalam Mohamed (Kuwait) – 5 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 8: Ahmed Ezzat (Egypt) – 5 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 9: Nour Farawati (Syria) – 4 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 10: Abdelsalam Alzayid (Kuwait) – 5 nominations. (Tie)
1948_34
- Star Academy 11: Raphael Jabbour (Lebanon) – 4 nominations (Tie) - Star Academy 11: Hanane El Khader (Morocco) – 4 nominations (Tie)
1948_35
Most nominated contestants' wins by Public votes: - Star Academy 1: Mohammad Attia (Egypt)- 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 2: Hisham Abdulrahman (KSA) – 4 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 3: Rym Ghazali (Algeria) – 5 wins; More than any contestant in Star Academy history. (Tie) - Star Academy 4: Ali Al-Saad (KSA)- 4 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 4:Maisoun Sedaki (Egypt)- 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 4:Sally Ahmed (Egypt)- 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 4:Ahmed Dawoud (Kuwait) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 5:Dia'a Taybi (Morocco)- 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 5:Amal Bouchoha (Algeria) – 2 wins . (Tie) - Star Academy 5:Mirhan Hussien (Egypt)- 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 6: Lara Scandar (Egypt)- 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 6: Mohammad Serag (Egypt)- 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 7: Tahra (Morocco)- 5 wins; More than any contestant in Star Academy history. (Tie) - Star Academy 8: Abdelsalam Mohamed (Kuwait) – 4 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 8: Ahmed Ezzat (Egypt) – 4 wins. (Tie)
1948_36
- Star Academy 8: Karim Kamel (Egypt) – 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 9: Taher Mostafa (Egypt) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 9: Rana Samaha (Egypt) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 9: Soukaina Boukries (Morocco) – 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 10: Abdelsalam Alzayid (Kuwait) – 4 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 11: Hanane El Khader (Morocco) – 3 wins . (Tie) - Star Academy 11: Raphael Jabbour (Lebanon) – 3 wins. (Tie)
1948_37
Most nominated contestants' wins by Students votes: - Star Academy 1: Mira Mikhail (Lebanon)- 2 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 4: Nelly Ma3to2 (Lebanon)- 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 5: Zaher Saleh (Palestine)- 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 5: Amal el Ma7lawy (Tunisia)- 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 6: Yehia Soweis (Jordan)- 4 wins; More than any contestant in Star Academy history. - Star Academy 8: Layan Bazlamit (Palestine)- 3 wins. (Tie) - Star Academy 9: Nour Farawati (Syria)- 3 wins. (Tie)
1948_38
Highest percentage of public votes ever achieved by each season: Star Academy 1: Bashar Shatti (Kuwait): 78.20% Star Academy 2: Hisham Abdulrahman (KSA): 85.04% Star Academy 3: Fady Andraos (Palestine): 67.08% Star Academy 4: Abdul Aziz-Alaswad (Kuwait): 64.25% Star Academy 5: Mohamed Qwidar (Jordan) : 73.91% Star Academy 6: Lara scandar (Egypt): 64.91% Star Academy 7: Rahma Mezher (Iraq): 69.96% Star Academy 8: Ahmed Ezzat (Egypt): 81.88% Star Academy 9: Soukaina Boukries (Morocco): 77.31% Star Academy 10: Ibtissam Tiskat (Morocco): 75.84% Star Academy 11: Raphael Jabbour (Lebanon): 70.76%
1948_39
Contestants that left from first nomination: -Star Academy 1: . Nisrine (Lebanon) . Youssef (UAE) . Leila (Lebanon) . Myriam (Syria) . Cynthia (Lebanon) . Baha2 (Tunisia) -Star Academy 2: . Randa (Egypt) . Hanan (Morocco) . Joy (Syria) . ZeeZee Adel (Egypt) -Star Academy 3: . Jihan (Morocco) . Shadya (Morocco) . Marwa (Egypt) . Rokaya (Egypt) -Star Academy 4: . Khaled (Bahrain) . Entesar (Tunisia) . Tina (Lebanon) -Star Academy 5: . Omar (Iraq) . Fawaz (Kuwait) . Mostafa (Lebanon) . Shahinaz (Egypt) -Star Academy 6: . Jaber (Bahrain) . Meteb (Saudi Arabia) . Diala (Palestine) . Aya (Egypt) -Star Academy 7: . Jack (Lebanon) . Haitham (Saudi Arabia) . Rayan (Lebanon) . Ramy (Lebanon) -Star Academy 8: . Mohamed Q. (Jordan) . Lamya (Tunisia) . Yasmine (Morocco) . Mohamed Raf. (Jordan) . Efram (Lebanon) . Oumayma (Tunisia) -Star Academy 9: . Marita (Lebanon) . Menna (Egypt) -Star Academy 10: . Ichraq Qamar (Tunisia) . Rita (Lebanon) -Star Academy 11: . Youssef (Syria) . Murtada (Iraq)
1948_40
. Ihab (Morocco)