manu/mldr-zoomed-100char-total-queries-documents

chunk_id stringlengths 3 9	chunk stringlengths 1 100
9852_82	on 29 September 2004. In 2003, high-quality counterfeits of the banknote appeared in circulation in
9852_83	Ontario and Quebec.
9852_84	$50 note
9852_85	The obverse of the red $50 banknote includes William Lyon Mackenzie King, and the reverse has the
9852_86	snowy owl depicted on a background of an Arctic landscape. This portrait was also engraved by
9852_87	Thomas Hipschen, and was placed adjacent to the Parliament buildings flying the Canadian Red
9852_88	Ensign. The colour of this banknote differed slightly from the same denomination in the Scenes of
9852_89	Canada series, as its hue was blue-red instead of the earlier banknotes orange-red.
9852_90	Introduced on 1 December 1989 and withdrawn on 17 November 2004, the $50 bill was the last banknote
9852_91	of the series to cease being printed. It was the first Canadian banknote to feature the optical
9852_92	security device.
9852_93	$100 note
9852_94	Robert Borden is featured on the obverse of the brown $100 banknote, which has the Canada goose on
9852_95	its reverse. Yves Baril also engraved this portrait, and the banknote also depicts a vignette of
9852_96	the Centre Block with the Peace Tower flying the Union Jack, which was flown on all federal
9852_97	buildings from 1904 to 1945.
9852_98	The banknote was introduced on 3 December 1990 and withdrawn on 17 March 2004. Many merchants,
9852_99	including Food Basics, Jumbo Video, McDonald's Canada, No Frills, Shoppers Drug Mart, and Tim
9852_100	Hortons, stopped accepting the $100 banknote in 2001 as it became increasingly counterfeited.
9852_101	By 2013, counterfeit versions of the banknote represented half of all counterfeit banknotes in
9852_102	circulation in Quebec, and 80% of all counterfeit $100 banknotes in the province.
9852_103	$1000 note
9852_104	The pink-hued $1000 banknote has an obverse with the same portrait of Elizabeth II used on the $2
9852_105	banknote adjacent to a vignette of the Centre Block and Library of Parliament, the modern flag of
9852_106	Canada flying from the Peace Tower. The reverse features a pair of pine grosbeaks, the engraving of
9852_107	which was based on a watercolour by John Crosby. Originally, it was intended to use an image of a
9852_108	spruce grouse, but its nickname "fool hen" was "considered too controversial". This was the first
9852_109	new $1000 bill printed since the 1954 Canadian Landscape series.
9852_110	The banknotes were often referred to as "pinkies" because of their colour. On average, a $1000
9852_111	banknote remained in circulation for 13 years owing to its infrequent use. It was released on 4 May
9852_112	1992. The banknote was withdrawn from circulation by the Government of Canada on 12 May 2000 at the
9852_113	request of the Bank of Canada, the Department of Finance, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
9852_114	(RCMP) as part of a program to reduce organized crime. At the time, 2,827,702 of the $1000 bills
9852_115	were in circulation, representing 0.3% of all circulating currency; in 2001, 520,000 banknotes were
9852_116	withdrawn from circulation and destroyed. By 2011, fewer than 1 million were in circulation, most
9852_117	of which were held by organized crime and used for money laundering.
9852_118	Printings
9852_119	Each printing of the banknote series is signed by the Governor of the Bank of Canada and the deputy
9852_120	governor.
9852_121	The Canadian Bank Note Company (CBN) printed the $2, $5, $20, $50, and $1000 banknotes, and the
9852_122	British American Bank Note Company printed the $2, $10, $20, and $100 banknotes.
9852_123	Security
9852_124	All banknotes featured intaglio printing, microprinting and fine lines, fluorescence, and unique
9852_125	colours and serial numbers. The intaglio printing is raised ink appearing on the large numeral, the
9852_126	Arms of Canada, parts of the portrait, and the horizontal bands containing the words "BANK OF
9852_127	CANADA". The fine but clear microprinting cannot be easily reproduced by photocopiers and printers,
9852_128	and appears on the background patterns of the banknotes, the facial portion of the portraits, and
9852_129	in the vignette of the Parliament buildings. The colours used on the banknotes were based on
9852_130	security inks that could not be easily replicated.
9852_131	The $20, $50, $100, and $1000 banknotes had a colour-shifting metallic foil security patch on the
9852_132	upper left corner, an optical security device that was difficult to reproduce with colour
9852_133	photocopiers and other commercial reproduction equipment of the time. It was a vacuum-deposited
9852_134	thin film consisting of ceramic layers developed by the Bank of Canada and the National Research
9852_135	Council of Canada in the early 1980s and was manufactured at the Bank of Canada roll-coating
9852_136	facility. The iridescent smooth patch would appear in a gradient between gold and green and show
9852_137	the face value of the banknote depending on the viewing angle, had no raised edges, and could not
9852_138	be peeled off the banknote. When photocopied, it would appear as a dark patch. All banknotes in the
9852_139	series were printed with a security ink that would fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light.
9852_140	The banknotes also had a feature causing photocopiers recognizing it to refuse to copy the
9852_141	banknote, and a digital watermark which had the same effect on personal printers and scanners.
9852_142	These features had no effect on devices that could not recognize them.
9852_143	This was the last Canadian banknote series to include planchettes, small green dots on the paper
9852_144	bills introduced in the 1935 Series (banknotes). These dots fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light
9852_145	and were used as a security feature. Some planchettes could be removed from legitimate bills,
9852_146	leaving a perfect bluish circle on the bill. Planchettes occurred with random position on both the
9852_147	obverse and reverse of banknotes, either on the surface or within the note.
9852_148	In the mid 1990s, the Bank of Canada tested a new substrate for use in printing banknotes. It
9852_149	printed 100,000 experimental $5 banknotes having a substrate of polymer core with paper at the
9852_150	sides. The project was discontinued because the supplier could not produce the substrate at the
9852_151	scale required by the Bank of Canada for printing banknotes.
9852_152	Counterfeiting
9852_153	An attempt to create a faithful counterfeit reproduction of the $50 banknote using colour
9852_154	photocopiers was recorded in 1990. By the mid 1990s, counterfeiters had found a way to accurately
9852_155	reproduce the metallic foil. Counterfeit banknotes did not usually properly reproduce the fine
9852_156	lines and microprinting, rendering it as smudged or blurry.
9852_157	The security features introduced in the Birds of Canada series led to a reduction in the
9852_158	counterfeit ratio of bills circulated in Canada to 4 parts per million (PPM) by 1990, one of the
9852_159	most secure currencies in the world. With the continuing advances in retail and commercial
9852_160	technology, by 1997 the counterfeit ratio had increased to 117 PPM, exceeding the 50 PPM de facto
9852_161	international benchmark. In late 2000, Wesley Weber scanned the $100 banknote, and for weeks used
9852_162	graphics software to correct the "fuzziness of the image" and improve its sharpness. He then
9852_163	conducted research to find a paper stock similar to that used for the real banknotes that would not
9852_164	fluoresce under ultraviolet light, and chose Mohawk Super Fine soft-white cotton fibre stock with
9852_165	eggshell finish. He used an inkjet printer to print three counterfeit bills per page, and
9852_166	stencilled onto each bill a metallic patch similar to the optical security device that he obtained
9852_167	from a company in New Jersey. He was arrested in 2001, by which time he had manufactured
9852_168	counterfeit banknotes with a face value of $6 million, and Canada's counterfeit ratio had increased
9852_169	to 129 PPM. That year, the Bank of Canada introduced the Canadian Journey Series, the banknotes of
9852_170	which were more resistant to counterfeiting.
9852_171	In 2003, a high-quality counterfeit version of the $20 banknote was found in circulation in Ontario
9852_172	and Quebec. These counterfeit banknotes had been manufactured using "high quality paper, a manual
9852_173	hot foil-stamping machine, and airbrushing equipment" and die cut. Several Bulgarian counterfeiters
9852_174	were convicted and sentenced for counterfeiting the banknotes in December 2006. By 2004,
9852_175	counterfeit Birds of Canada $20 banknotes represented nearly 65% of all counterfeit currency in
9852_176	Canada.
9852_177	Today, the Birds of Canada banknotes are relatively easy to counterfeit with inkjet printers. The
9852_178	Birds series and the original Canadian Journey Series are the most commonly counterfeited Canadian
9852_179	banknote series because of their lack of modern security features.
9852_180	Effectiveness
9852_181	The Bank of Canada commissioned a research survey of cash handlers and the general public to

9852_82

on 29 September 2004. In 2003, high-quality counterfeits of the banknote appeared in circulation in

9852_83

Ontario and Quebec.

9852_84

$50 note

9852_85

The obverse of the red $50 banknote includes William Lyon Mackenzie King, and the reverse has the

9852_86

snowy owl depicted on a background of an Arctic landscape. This portrait was also engraved by

9852_87

Thomas Hipschen, and was placed adjacent to the Parliament buildings flying the Canadian Red

9852_88

Ensign. The colour of this banknote differed slightly from the same denomination in the Scenes of

9852_89

Canada series, as its hue was blue-red instead of the earlier banknotes orange-red.

9852_90

Introduced on 1 December 1989 and withdrawn on 17 November 2004, the $50 bill was the last banknote

9852_91

of the series to cease being printed. It was the first Canadian banknote to feature the optical

9852_92

security device.

9852_93

$100 note

9852_94

Robert Borden is featured on the obverse of the brown $100 banknote, which has the Canada goose on

9852_95

its reverse. Yves Baril also engraved this portrait, and the banknote also depicts a vignette of

9852_96

the Centre Block with the Peace Tower flying the Union Jack, which was flown on all federal

9852_97

buildings from 1904 to 1945.

9852_98

The banknote was introduced on 3 December 1990 and withdrawn on 17 March 2004. Many merchants,

9852_99

including Food Basics, Jumbo Video, McDonald's Canada, No Frills, Shoppers Drug Mart, and Tim

9852_100

Hortons, stopped accepting the $100 banknote in 2001 as it became increasingly counterfeited.

9852_101

By 2013, counterfeit versions of the banknote represented half of all counterfeit banknotes in

9852_102

circulation in Quebec, and 80% of all counterfeit $100 banknotes in the province.

9852_103

$1000 note

9852_104

The pink-hued $1000 banknote has an obverse with the same portrait of Elizabeth II used on the $2

9852_105

banknote adjacent to a vignette of the Centre Block and Library of Parliament, the modern flag of

9852_106

Canada flying from the Peace Tower. The reverse features a pair of pine grosbeaks, the engraving of

9852_107

which was based on a watercolour by John Crosby. Originally, it was intended to use an image of a

9852_108

spruce grouse, but its nickname "fool hen" was "considered too controversial". This was the first

9852_109

new $1000 bill printed since the 1954 Canadian Landscape series.

9852_110

The banknotes were often referred to as "pinkies" because of their colour. On average, a $1000

9852_111

banknote remained in circulation for 13 years owing to its infrequent use. It was released on 4 May

9852_112

1992. The banknote was withdrawn from circulation by the Government of Canada on 12 May 2000 at the

9852_113

request of the Bank of Canada, the Department of Finance, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police

9852_114

(RCMP) as part of a program to reduce organized crime. At the time, 2,827,702 of the $1000 bills

9852_115

were in circulation, representing 0.3% of all circulating currency; in 2001, 520,000 banknotes were

9852_116

withdrawn from circulation and destroyed. By 2011, fewer than 1 million were in circulation, most

9852_117

of which were held by organized crime and used for money laundering.

9852_118

Printings

9852_119

Each printing of the banknote series is signed by the Governor of the Bank of Canada and the deputy

9852_120

governor.

9852_121

The Canadian Bank Note Company (CBN) printed the $2, $5, $20, $50, and $1000 banknotes, and the

9852_122

British American Bank Note Company printed the $2, $10, $20, and $100 banknotes.

9852_123

Security

9852_124

All banknotes featured intaglio printing, microprinting and fine lines, fluorescence, and unique

9852_125

colours and serial numbers. The intaglio printing is raised ink appearing on the large numeral, the

9852_126

Arms of Canada, parts of the portrait, and the horizontal bands containing the words "BANK OF

9852_127

CANADA". The fine but clear microprinting cannot be easily reproduced by photocopiers and printers,

9852_128

and appears on the background patterns of the banknotes, the facial portion of the portraits, and

9852_129

in the vignette of the Parliament buildings. The colours used on the banknotes were based on

9852_130

security inks that could not be easily replicated.

9852_131

The $20, $50, $100, and $1000 banknotes had a colour-shifting metallic foil security patch on the

9852_132

upper left corner, an optical security device that was difficult to reproduce with colour

9852_133

photocopiers and other commercial reproduction equipment of the time. It was a vacuum-deposited

9852_134

thin film consisting of ceramic layers developed by the Bank of Canada and the National Research

9852_135

Council of Canada in the early 1980s and was manufactured at the Bank of Canada roll-coating

9852_136

facility. The iridescent smooth patch would appear in a gradient between gold and green and show

9852_137

the face value of the banknote depending on the viewing angle, had no raised edges, and could not

9852_138

be peeled off the banknote. When photocopied, it would appear as a dark patch. All banknotes in the

9852_139

series were printed with a security ink that would fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light.

9852_140

The banknotes also had a feature causing photocopiers recognizing it to refuse to copy the

9852_141

banknote, and a digital watermark which had the same effect on personal printers and scanners.

9852_142

These features had no effect on devices that could not recognize them.

9852_143

This was the last Canadian banknote series to include planchettes, small green dots on the paper

9852_144

bills introduced in the 1935 Series (banknotes). These dots fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light

9852_145

and were used as a security feature. Some planchettes could be removed from legitimate bills,

9852_146

leaving a perfect bluish circle on the bill. Planchettes occurred with random position on both the

9852_147

obverse and reverse of banknotes, either on the surface or within the note.

9852_148

In the mid 1990s, the Bank of Canada tested a new substrate for use in printing banknotes. It

9852_149

printed 100,000 experimental $5 banknotes having a substrate of polymer core with paper at the

9852_150

sides. The project was discontinued because the supplier could not produce the substrate at the

9852_151

scale required by the Bank of Canada for printing banknotes.

9852_152

Counterfeiting

9852_153

An attempt to create a faithful counterfeit reproduction of the $50 banknote using colour

9852_154

photocopiers was recorded in 1990. By the mid 1990s, counterfeiters had found a way to accurately

9852_155

reproduce the metallic foil. Counterfeit banknotes did not usually properly reproduce the fine

9852_156

lines and microprinting, rendering it as smudged or blurry.

9852_157

The security features introduced in the Birds of Canada series led to a reduction in the

9852_158

counterfeit ratio of bills circulated in Canada to 4 parts per million (PPM) by 1990, one of the

9852_159

most secure currencies in the world. With the continuing advances in retail and commercial

9852_160

technology, by 1997 the counterfeit ratio had increased to 117 PPM, exceeding the 50 PPM de facto

9852_161

international benchmark. In late 2000, Wesley Weber scanned the $100 banknote, and for weeks used

9852_162

graphics software to correct the "fuzziness of the image" and improve its sharpness. He then

9852_163

conducted research to find a paper stock similar to that used for the real banknotes that would not

9852_164

fluoresce under ultraviolet light, and chose Mohawk Super Fine soft-white cotton fibre stock with

9852_165

eggshell finish. He used an inkjet printer to print three counterfeit bills per page, and

9852_166

stencilled onto each bill a metallic patch similar to the optical security device that he obtained

9852_167

from a company in New Jersey. He was arrested in 2001, by which time he had manufactured

9852_168

counterfeit banknotes with a face value of $6 million, and Canada's counterfeit ratio had increased

9852_169

to 129 PPM. That year, the Bank of Canada introduced the Canadian Journey Series, the banknotes of

9852_170

which were more resistant to counterfeiting.

9852_171

In 2003, a high-quality counterfeit version of the $20 banknote was found in circulation in Ontario

9852_172

and Quebec. These counterfeit banknotes had been manufactured using "high quality paper, a manual

9852_173

hot foil-stamping machine, and airbrushing equipment" and die cut. Several Bulgarian counterfeiters

9852_174

were convicted and sentenced for counterfeiting the banknotes in December 2006. By 2004,

9852_175

counterfeit Birds of Canada $20 banknotes represented nearly 65% of all counterfeit currency in

9852_176

Canada.

9852_177

Today, the Birds of Canada banknotes are relatively easy to counterfeit with inkjet printers. The

9852_178

Birds series and the original Canadian Journey Series are the most commonly counterfeited Canadian

9852_179

banknote series because of their lack of modern security features.

9852_180

Effectiveness

9852_181

The Bank of Canada commissioned a research survey of cash handlers and the general public to