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fluctuations in anticipated danger In the short run this would have helped our prehistoric
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ancestors prepare for the increased oxygen requirements they would need for fight or flight
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maneuvers Sadly most of us live in this mode even though we are no longer protecting our
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bodies from predators or clubbearing maniacs The modern world has tricked our bodies into
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thinking that our environment is too stressful to breathe peacefully when the opposite is true
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Distressed Breathing and Social Rank
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If you would like to experience pronounced thoracicclavicular breathing watch an internet
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video of a violent street fight and pay careful attention to your breath The shallow rapidity will
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become apparent You could achieve a similar effect just by watching an internet video of an
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argument between two people This is because in primates social confrontation dysregulates
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breathing nearly as much as physical violence When you feel disrespected cheated
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or compelled to explain yourself you enter a state of respiratory distress When this happens
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people usually act at two extremes either becoming conflictavoidant submissive or quick
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to anger
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Respiratory distress is marked by breathing so shallow that it interferes with your speech
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causing your voice to falter You may feel like you are choking and suffocating at the same time
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It is usually apparent to those around you and most people are embarrassed when it happens
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to them The truth is that awkward social encounters cause most of us to experience a state of
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respiratory distress throughout the day
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My experience is that most people have little interest in using breathing exercises to
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deepen their breath until explain to them that deep breathing is a dominant trait Then they
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become eager Our respiratory behavior affects our social standing and how we are treated and
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perceived People hear changes in the cadence and pitch of your voice that are caused by
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PROGRAM PEACE Self Care Exercises to Reprogram Your Mind and Body
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distressed breathing and use them to make judgments about your level of confidence
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Breathing is one of the most common markers of social rank
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Diaphragmatic breathing retraining will make you practically immune to respiratory
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distress With enough retraining people will be able to tell that you have little susceptibility to
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it When your breathing shows no signs of distress people will not want to challenge or
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provoke you because they realize they will reach respiratory distress before you do As you
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develop your capacity for diaphragmatic breathing you will come to understand that the
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people around you are constantly fighting wars of attrition to see who will show signs of
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respiratory distress first
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We also breathe shallowly in a distressed manner to communicate friendliness Because we
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dont want to come across as overbearing or audacious or because we want to make others
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comfortable we shorten our breaths and disengage the diaphragm In other words we breathe
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in a distressed manner when we are afraid when we are mad and when we are being nice No
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wonder it seems inescapable
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Stifling and Neglecting the Diaphragm
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Social and environmental stress are not the only causes of distressed breathing It can also be
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the result of surgery or injury After colon surgery a gastric bypass a Caesarean procedure
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or an appendectomy for instance the patient will have an incision wound on their abdomen
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It is common for recovering patients to inhibit normal abdominal expansion during breathing
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to avoid the pain of having their injury disturbed They learn to actively stifle diaphragmatic
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movement out of fear of pain or stitches bursting at the incision site This learned pain
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avoidance can be longlasting causing the patient to neglect the diaphragm and adopt thoracic
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breathing as a fixed habit Chronic shallow breathing can result along with breathlessness and
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anxiety It is uncommon for such patients to revert to diaphragmatic use even after the pain
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from the surgery is gone unless breathing retraining therapy is undertaken You may have
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never had abdominal surgery but to some extent past trauma and submissive signaling have
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stifled your diaphragm in a similar way
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Fortunately we have good models available for how to reinstate diaphragmatic use The
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best of these is recovery from a ventilator In situations where medical patients are having
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trouble breathing a machine called an artificial ventilator can be used to move air in and out of
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their lungs When a doctor takes a patient off a ventilator they need to assess the persons
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breathing mechanics to ensure the breathing musculature is strong and coordinated enough to
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support unaided breathing Withdrawal from mechanical ventilation is known as weaning
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Think of your thoracic breathing musculature as akin to a ventilator from which you need
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to wean yourself Years of stress have caused the thoracic muscles to take control and your
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diaphragm has weakened through atrophy caused by disuse The good news is that the
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diaphragm can grow stronger quickly When you first start breathing diaphragmatically
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it will be difficult It will feel as if you have been taken off a ventilator the muscles you are
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forcing to breathe for you are not yet up to the job You will need to wean off thoracic
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breathing by training the diaphragm encourage you to use the exercises in the rest of this
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chapter to remove the ventilator of thoracic breathing and plunge headfirst into strengthening
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your diaphragm
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Chapter Breathe Deeply Smoothly Slowly and on Long Intervals
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The Four Rules of Diaphragmatic Breathing
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In the thick of my anxiety could tell that my breathing was highly dysfunctional used myself
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as a model for what not to do and slowly made inferences about how to do the opposite of my
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acquired tendencies read copiously about ventilatory mechanics and experimented with
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numerous breathing styles Slowly after ten years of research introspection and trial and
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error developed eight rules of diaphragmatic breathing This chapter will address the first
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four which are
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Breathe Deep high volume Breathe nearly all the way in by the end of each inhalation and
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all the way out by the end of each exhalation
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Breathe Long low frequency Engage in longinterval breathing breathing in for four to ten
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seconds and breathing out for six to twelve seconds at a time
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Breathe Smooth continuous flow Breathe at a steady slow nearly constant rate during
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all breathing
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Breathe Assertively confident Do not permit social concerns or life stressors to conflict
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with the first three rules
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Shallow Breath Short Breath Rough Breath
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Distressed
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Breathing SN
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Deep Breath Long Breath Smooth Breath
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Diaphragmatic
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Breathing
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Figure A graphical representation of the first three rules of diaphragmatic breathing The vertical axis
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designates the depth of inhalation or volume of air in the lungs the horizontal axis designates time
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A helpful way to improve your ability to monitor your breathing is to draw your breathing
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pattern on paper Use the examples in Figure to work through the exercise below
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Breathing Activity Draw Your Breathing Pattern on Paper
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Sit down with pen and paper Become curious about your breath as if it is a phenomenon you
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have never encountered As you observe each breath graph it with a free hand Make the
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vertical axis correspond to the depth of the breath and the horizontal axis to how long each
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breath lasts In other words volume on the yaxis and time on the xaxis Take different kinds
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of breaths at different depths and frequencies Depict each as a curve on paper in real time
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Just taking a few minutes to represent your breathing in this way will increase your breath
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awareness helping you better visualize and monitor your breathing
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