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Hello! Did you take the IgenX test? Have you tried a different doctor? I wish you well, hang in there and keep trying whatever you can until you find what works and with whichever LLMD that can get results for you. Take care.
Steve,
I tested with IgeneX last year and they found low levels of Lyme and high levels of Erlichiosis. I did a lot of treatments and vitamins and nothing made a big difference. My main symptom is FATIGUE. Unrelenting fatigue. Anyway, I started using Mesosilver and it made a huge difference. I don't take much - only 1 tsp with my 3 meals during the day. I did it for 5 months while taking these "smell kit" vitamins that I found on a Lyme site, and getting weekly energy healing massages. Now I am testing negative and it feels like I am better. Cool. Good luck.
I had the same questions a while back and someone gave me this information..So I guess I will pass it on. Hope this helps.
Western Blot Bands description:
9 cross-reactive for Borrellia
12 specific for Bb
18 unknown
20 cross-reactive for Borrellia
21 unknown
22 specific for Bb, probably really the 23/25 band
23-25 outer surface protein C (OspC), specific for Bb
28 unknown
30 unknown; probably an outer surface protein; common in European and
one California strain
31 outer surface protein A (OspA), specific for Bb
34 outer surface protein B (OspB); specific for Bb
35 specific for Bb
37 specific for Bb
38 cross-reactive for Bb
39 is a major protein of Bb flagellin; specific for Bb
41 flagellin protein of all spirochetes; this is usually the first to appear after a Bb infection and is specific for all Borrellia
45 cross-reactive for all Borellia (sometimes people with Lyme who have
this band positive also have the co-infection Ehrlichiosis)
50 cross-reactive for all Borrellia
55 cross-reactive for all Borrellia
57 cross-reactive for all Borrellia
58 unknown but may be a heat-shock Bb protein
60 cross reactive for all Borrellia
66 cross-reactive for all Borrelia, common in all bacteria
83 specific antigen for the Lyme bacterium, probably a cytoplasmic membrane
93 unknown, probably the same protein in band 83, just migrates differently in some patients
The experts say to keep doing treatment until all symptoms are gone. Doing a short course of antibiotics is not going to do it.
I have been on antibiotics different types for 10 years. A break here and there. But pretty constant. Stopped them again a month ago.
I also do "tons" of different supplements.
If I were you, I would seek out a Lyme knowledgable doctor. And get back on a treatment plan.
Test are not accurate for lyme. There are 300-400 different strains. The test does not cover all the strains. And the bacteria does not like oxygen so it does imbeded in bone, musle, brain on and on. So to get a positive is pretty tricky.
If you see a lyme literate doctor they go on symptoms and not soley on a test.
I was tested through Igenex about 3 times. Never showed a positive. But I had it.
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You'd better think this through
You'd better take your time
Is that what you really want
Giving away whats mine
Don't insult my intelligence
You know I ain't one of them girls
who turn a blind eye and believe you
better not trip over your words
Danger, Danger
I see the thick black smoke
I see the bright the flame
Burnin' our love away
Ain't that such a shame, oh
Danger, Danger
I see the bright red fire
I see the thick black cloud
Smokin' our love away, I'm about to put it out, oh
It almost makes me smile
That you could be so nieve
I know you far to well
So I know not what to believe
You got it twisted here
If you think I'm gonna to stick around
I'll be a ghost, disapear so fast
leaving you to figure it out
Danger, Danger
I see the thick black smoke
I see the bright the flame
Burnin' our love away
Ain't that such a shame, oh
Danger, Danger
I see the bright red fire
I see the thick black cloud
Smoking our love away, I'm about to put it out, oh
Yeah you passed my love to the left hand side
Smoked it right down to the roach
So I might as well put it out, so I might as well put it out
Yeah, you passed my loved to the left hand side.
smoked it right down to the roach
So I might as well put it out, so I might as well put it out
Danger, Danger
I see the thick black smoke
I see the bright the flame
Burnin' our love away
Ain't that such a shame, oh
Danger, Danger
I see the bright red fire
I see the thick black cloud
Smoking our love away, I'm about to put it out, oh
| 1,485 |
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Sewing machine reviews
The Good Housekeeping Research Institute evaluated sewing machines for performance, ease of use, and even checked up on the. Shopping for a sewing machine? Read about types, features, and other must- know topics in our sewing machine buying guide to make an informed choice. Our team of experts has selected the best sewing machines out of hundreds of models. Don't buy a sewing machine before reading these reviews.
Brother XM is in the same family with the Brother XM Sewing Machine on my list. In these reviews, I am able to share not only my own opinion, but the opinions of the owners as well as a testament as to how the machines stand up to the test of time. Instruction Manual Sewing machines are becoming more sophisticated and advanced with plenty features to deal with. John Ryan, director of business development at Janome, told us that a lot of design schools stock their sewing rooms with this machine. Personally, as someone who sews clothing, I rarely use decorative stitches, but these can come in handy if you quilt or like embroidery-like embellishments. As Harvey Federman, a sewing machine repairman and owner of Sew Right , told us: The high point of this sewing machine is the rotary dial for easy stitch selection.
Sewing machine reviews Video
REVIEW Some brands have created sewing machines that are able to embroider while still providing serger and straight stitching options. About Us Subscribe Donate. There are a number of sewing machine brands that are on the market today. Need to sew on some amazing buttons? From florals to scrollwork to quilt patterns, there are 10 different frames and a dozen different border styles that will help you finish off your custom artwork. Remember that various parts of the machine can be removed in order to perform a challenging stitch, like blind hemming. More From Consumer Reports. With an affordable price tag, ease of use, reasonable features and no sacrificing of quality Brother XM is one of the best Budget Friendly sewing machines available today. With any of the 60 built in stitches, you will be able to make different items such as quilts, dresses, embroidery and covers. My Verdict With an affordable price tag, ease of use, reasonable features and no sacrificing of quality Brother XM is one of the best Budget Friendly sewing machines available today. Based on what I described, would you be able to recommend a machine for us? A real sewing machine is also a decent investment. Thanks for the reviews. What brands are the best? Lucky ace poker rakeback 1 to 10 of total Page: There is also automatic download free app for android width function, a start and stop button plus direct button stitch selections. My verdicts However, with the convenient and koi fish arm tattoo designs handling ensured by the buttons, and ability to handle different fabric thickness, Janome Sportwetten markt is pool trophy of https://www.dpfs.net/document/gamblers-anonymous-contact-number.htm Best Janome Sewing Machine you should consider. Arvind Elektra super hero from Guildford says. Silver Viscount sewing machine. Go for machine with an option for short and long stitches. It gets good user reviews, but we opted not to test it as we focused ladies potsdam review on manual machines. A removable plastic or metal foot that attaches to the shank that holds the needle. T needle threader Light Bulb over Workplace Heavy duty portugal premier league log construction. The best brands also incorporate an easy system of bobbin installation.
Sewing machine reviews - der
You have no items in your shopping cart. At any time when you want independent advice call us. You need a manual to learn over a period. She will have to use the peddle? A great peck that serves as the high point of the sewing machine is the low noise and vibration generated thanks to its servo motor. Juki DDL with the less noisy servo motor is recommended here especially if you just want to churn out many products. Using a machine should not lead to ear defects or you disturbing the entire neighborhood.
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3. Neurological Physical Therapy
Neurological physical therapists work with more patients that have debilitating or serious disorders, like Alzheimer's disease, ALS, brain injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and strokes. Be prepared to see many different disorders, and be expected to be able to provide solutions to ease your patient’s pain and to improve areas of dysfunction. These areas can range from paralysis to loss of independence.
Your schooling should be close to the same as geriatric physical therapists, as you deal with some of the same problems. As a neurological therapist, you will often aid geriatric therapists in treating their patients. Again, human physiology and anatomy, organic chemistry, general chemistry, and anatomical kinesiology and biology will help greatly. The salary for this career is 71,000 dollars a year.
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7/21/2017
Christie's 1st Half 2017 Up 29%
artnet news is reporting on Christie's first half 2017 results, and while overall sales are up 29% in GBP, due to currency exchange, it is up 14% in USD, or up $2.8 billion. Sotheby's was up 8% or 2.54 billion by comparison.
On the surface the sales growth looks strong, yet there are some concerning areas and surprising declines, or perhaps levels of decline, such as private sales being down a rather large 66.5% and Asian sales were down by 15%.
artnet news reports
Christie’s London may be a miserable place to work at the moment as droves of staff prepare to leave their offices ahead of the closure of its South Kensington branch. But the auction house can still preen its feathers with the announcement that it has retained market share from its rival during the first six months of 2017.
This morning, the company announced global auction sales of £2.2 billion, up 29% from last year’s total. The total in dollars—$2.8 billion—is up only 14%, because the dollar has been a more stable currency over the period than the pound, which fell dramatically in June 2016. By comparison, Sotheby’s auction sales for the first six months of 2017 were $2.54 billion, up 8% on last year in dollars.
Despite Christie’s strong auction results, the house’s overall sales—which include online-only sales as well as £122.2 million in private sales—reached a more measured £2.35 billion (up 14% from last year). In dollars, the combined sales totaled $3 billion—up just 1% from last year’s sum. That’s a figure that might surprise many, considering how sharply the auction market seemed to have risen since last year’s downturn.
Constantin Brancusi, La muse endormie (1913). Courtesy Christie's Images Ltd.
Christie’s top lot of the year to date: Constantin Brancusi’s La muse endormie (1913), which sold for $57.4 million in May. Image: Courtesy Christie’s Images Ltd.
The overall rise in public auction sales was led by the Americas, where sales increased 58% in sterling (to £1.15 billion) or 39% in dollars (to $1.46 billion). But these gains were tempered by a 66.5% decline in private sales, from the $463.9 million (£322.1 million) reported by Christie’s in the first half of last year, to $155.4 million (£122.2 million) in the first half of this year. Another blow was felt in Asia, where auction sales were down 15% in dollars to $314.3 million.
That blip, however, is balanced out by Christie’s otherwise successful drive to encourage Asian buying globally, which increased by 39%. The house attributed much of its success to a 90% increase in Asian buying of Asian art, stimulated by the record Asian art sales held in New York in March.
No data on Asian buying of Western art was included in the report, though we know that 20% of buyers in London’s Impressionist and Modern art sales this summer and in March were from Asia. In fact, Asian clients accounted for the same proportion of spending in 2017 sales as Americans did: 35% each.
A chart of the geographic breakdown of Christie’s client spending in the first half of 2017. Courtesy of Christie’s.
The return of £10 million-plus lots also contributed to Christie’s success. The number of these pricy works offered by the house nearly trebled during this period, from 14 to 38.
Online-only sales are reported as “stable” at £19.8 million ($25.2 million), though there appears to be some confusion: Average prices for sales online are said to have increased to $7,222, but last year’s report quoted the average value per lot online as $8,251. Is Christie’s telling us there is a difference between price and value? (The house later clarified that average online sales price for the first half of 2016 including wine was $6,224; the figure announced last year did not include wine.)
These reports also frequently trumpet the number of “new buyers”; Christie’s notes that 25% of buyers were new to the house. These clients are unafraid to open their wallets: They spent 42% more than the new buyers in 2016, according to the report. The most popular categories for new buyers were luxury items (jewelry, watches, wine, and handbags); Impressionist and Modern art; and the decorative arts. (Contemporary art seemed a notable absence.)
Ironically, the report acknowledges that South Kensington—the soon-to-close sales branch that has primarily handled lower-value sales—is an important component of the business. Since 2014, the report says, 62% of buyers there also bought from other Christie’s locations, including its main London salesroom on King Street.
Market-watchers will get a fuller picture of how the market share has been divided up next month, when Sotheby’s releases its consolidated sales figures.
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The Appraiser Workshops blog was developed in 2008 to publish news connected with the personal property profession and to promote the Appraiser Workshops. Content includes appraisal ideas and tips, industry news and events, market trends and updates, surveys, educational opportunities and general commentary about personal property appraising. Visit often. Comments, news, suggestions and content contributions are always welcome.
About Me
Todd W. Sigety, is a certified member of the International Society of Appraisers and is a partner in the Appraiser Workshop, developers of the Good, Better, "Best" Appraiser Workshop. He owns two Antique galleries in Old Town Alexandria, VA where the workshop is held. He currently serves as the President on the National Board of Directors for the International Society of Appraisers. He is also the creator and editor of the Journal of Advanced Appraisal Studies.
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| 6,508 |
Saturday, December 14, 2013
This would be the first in hopefully a series of blog posts to talk of C++11 features and libraries that matter. But in this article, I wouldn't pick up a whole lot of C++11. Instead I shall lay some groundwork first, talking about exception safety in a very informal way and looking at the nothrow swap idiom for copy assignment. Along the way, we'll use some C++11 features (like auto) and libraries (like std::unique_ptr) with obvious syntax and simple usage.Consider a simple class that wraps a character buffer.
What would it mean to copy an object of the above class? What would it mean to assign one object of this class to another? What would the behaviour be of such code:
MyString en("Hello");
MyString es(en);
And of such?
MyString en("Hello");
MyString es("Hola");
en = es;
Without rolling out your own copy constructor and copy assignment operator, disastrous. In the first case the default copy constructor would create object es as a shallow copy of the object en. That would mean that after construction, es and en would both have their data member buffer pointing to the same address. When the scope in which both of these objects are created is exited, es would be destroyed first, followed by en. The destructor of es would have deallocated all the heap-memory pointed to by buffer in one fell swoop, and soon after, en's destructor would try doing the same - and disaster should strike.
The second case is worse in some respects, except that it shouldn't matter: on line 3, as es is assigned to en, the en.buffer starts pointing to the same location as the es.buffer. But en.buffer already pointed to an address at the head of a block of bytes on the heap that had "Hello" in it. Now that both en.buffer and es.buffer point to another location (with "Hola" in it), all references to the "Hello" bytes are lost. This program doesn't have any hopes of being able to track down, and deallocate when it had to, the buffer with "Hello". We have a leak, but it shouldn't matter. Shortly afterwards, when en and es both fall out of scope, es's destructor gets called followed by en's, and as in the case of copy construction above, disaster strikes.
The remedy is well-known - roll out your own copy-constructor and copy-assignment operator.
Now copy construction creates a copy of the buffer for each new object created and copy assignment takes care of deallocating the older buffer before reallocating the new buffer and copying content. Congratulations. You've just fixed a couple of bad crashes in the code. Bad news, if you wrote this code in an interview, they'll offer you a good C++ book and not the job. Porque? Que pasa? Because you goofed up the copy assignment. For what would happen if the call to std::copy threw? Ok, in this rather unimaginatively contrived example, it would likely not. But in general, we carry out several steps in the assignment: deletion of the old buffer, allocation of a new buffer and then copying. If the allocation of the new buffer fails, you have no way to get back and salvage your older data. Nor if the copy fails after that. In simple terms, the code we've written is not exception safe.
The key problem is losing the previous buffer before the new buffer is ready. If we first create the new buffer separately, then cache the old buffer, assign the new buffer and finally delete the old buffer, we've made a start.
But problems still abound. If copy threw, we'd be left with a leak. Besides, we are still dealing with a single member and this scheme quickly gets out of hand if you deal with two or more members with similar requirements. We can make a small improvement here.
If an exception is thrown before line 8, nothing changes. If one is thrown after line 8, tmpStr.buffer is deallocated by a call to its destructor. The call to swap cannot throw. Once that call is complete, ownership of buffers have been exchanged and the destructor of tmpStr takes care of deallocating the older buffer of the current object (this). If we are dealing with multiple members, extending this logic requires a little extra effort. Define a swap member function, or specialize std::swap for MyString, and implement it with no-throw guarantees. A set of pointer swaps for one should be able to provide that guarantee. Your code would then look like:
This is the standard idiom for writing copy assignments using no-throw swaps and on another day I would have happily concluded this article here. Alas! We still have a problem. If you've been attentive you may have already noticed it. What if the MyString constructor threw at line 20? It mighty well can, if say the call to std::copy threw. Ok, I hear you - it won't in the case of this example. But we are performing two operations in the constructor - allocation and assignment of values to the cells of the allocated buffer. If the latter operation throws, the destructor of MyString won't get called and we'd be leaking the memory allocated for buffer. The fool-proof way to deal with the lack of atomicity of this kind of resource allocation plus initialization issues is to harness RAII in some form to protect the smallest units of allocation. We'll use a C++11 smart pointer to do the trick for us. Here is the full listing.
The member buffer is now a std::unique_ptr smart pointer (actually its std::unique_ptr specialization for arrays).
If std::copy throws on line 15 or 25 in the constructor, the destructor of buffer is called correctly and there is no leak.
std::unique_ptr provides a no-throw swap function which can be used to perform the copy assignment.
Prior to C++11 standard library smart pointers were limited to auto_ptr and they would be of limited use here. Using unique_ptr from C++11 makes the code a whole lot succinct. To be sure, the only real difference between the last listing and the one before that is in how we wrapped individual units of allocation (buffer) in RAII wrappers (std::unique_ptr). This last listing can be seamlessly extended to more such members and would still work.
| 6,064 |
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“Private schools are far too expensive,” lamented Frank’s father. “There are plenty of fine community colleges and state schools for you to consider, so you need to drop Saint John’s from your list.”
Frank, a stereotypical responsible and rule-abiding first-born child, had dutifully followed his parents' direction for 17 years, until that summer day in the mid-70s. He recognized that his parents — neither of whom had attended college — were intimidated and overwhelmed by the complex admission process. He also respected the fact that his family’s financial resources were extremely limited. And yet Frank knew in his heart, on his very first visit to campus, that Saint John’s was the right place for him. So, with a hope and a prayer and a dash of Catholic guilt, Frank applied to Saint John’s, and only to Saint John’s.
The congratulatory acceptance letter brought a mixture of elation and panic for Frank and his family. Despite saving nearly every dollar he had earned through a series of part-time and summer jobs, Frank knew his meager bankroll would cover only a fraction of the total bill. His parents were able to provide only a few hundred dollars per year to pay for text books. And then Saint John’s did what Saint John’s has done so well for so many young men over so many years. They offered Frank a comprehensive financial aid package — a combination of scholarships, loans, grants and work study. With that critical and generous assistance, Frank became a Johnnie. Four years later, much to the delight of his teary-eyed parents, he processed into the Abbey & University church and collected his hard-earned diploma.
“My folks were so thrilled and so proud,” recalls Frank, “that they dug deep into their limited reserves and as a graduation gift offered me twenty-five shares of pharmaceutical stock or the cash equivalent — $600. With a decent-paying job already lined up, I decided to take the stock.”
Frank went on to do the things most Johnnies do once they depart Collegeville. He earned an advanced degree, married (a Bennie, no less), started a family and experienced career success. And while he rarely made it back to Collegeville, he remained grateful for the financial assistance he had been given and recognized the ultimate source of that support — generous alumni.
During the course of Saint John’s current capital campaign, Forward Ever Forward, Frank decided to prove the depth of his gratitude by establishing a First Gen endowed scholarship fund to assist future generations of students who, just like him, require some extra help to realize their dreams. As luck and the market would have it, the value of the stock Frank had been gifted to mark his commencement decades earlier had increased enough to finance a significant portion of the scholarship. “I can think of no better way to honor my parents for allowing me to follow my heart. Their gift has truly come full circle.”
Frank enjoys receiving letters from the students who are benefitting from his endowed scholarship. One recent recipient wrote: “Although we have never met, I wish you the best and thank you for the kind and amazing thing you have done to support my education. Please continue to make a difference in many students’ lives the way you have made a difference in mine.”
Frank intends to do just that.
[Editor’s note: In respect for the donor’s wishes to remain anonymous, “Frank” has lent his name to this article.]
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He was intended to voice Robot Santa after "Xmas Story"; however he had scheduling problems returning for his character and so Santa's second appearance, in "A Tale of Two Santas", was done by John DiMaggio who took over the role.
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Reds hold on to finish with a 'W'
28/04/2018
The Reds closed their Championship season with a 13th win - seven of these on the road - to record a second successive fifth-placed finish in English rugby's second tier.
An early try by Auguy Slowik from Scott Van Breda's kick through put the visitors in front, and although skipper Matt Challinor levelled things up from close range, a flurry of points put the Reds 15 clear at the interval. Brendan Cope slotted a penalty, Keiran Hardy raced through a gap and hared to the line, then Van Breda fed Slowik again and this time the winger kicked ahead and won the race to the ball in goal.
The second half was a scrappy affair, but Slowik was able to complete a hat-trick with a good finish in the corner after an assist from - once again - Van Breda.
It looked comfortable for the Reds, but then things started to go wrong with an astonishing five yellow cards, four of them to visiting players, in the last 22 minutes. First of all Slowik was despatched for a deliberate knock-on, then Rory Bartle and Doncaster's Challinor were sent to the cooler for fighting.
The Knights pulled a try back through Cam Cowell and then Jared Saunders saw yellow for a high/dangerous tackle. Knights continued to press and when George Eastwell scrambled in defence to stop a likely try he too was carded with a penalty try awarded and it was 19-27 with still time to play. A minute later Tom James crossed and the deficit was down to just a point.
To the Reds' credit they dug deep and were able to regain some control in the dying minutes, playing the ball mostly in their opponents half. At one stage it seemed the Knights had stolen the ball and broken clear, but the turnover came from an illegal hand in the ruck, spotted by the assistant referee, and Jersey were given a penalty. With time virtually up, Cope elected to go for goal, slotted the kick and finally the game and the season was over. Wins for Bedford Blues, the Pirates and Yorkshire Carnegie meant it stayed 'as you were' in the league table, with the Reds in fifth.
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Follow along on all Jules’ tips with the YouTube video /Video credit: Josh Fritz
If you’ve found yourself frustrated or confused on how makeup and glasses can exist in the same space, this post is for you! The optometrical obstacles on your face are obvious but makeup troubleshooting can be chore to figure out. I did my best to think of tips and tricks that you may not have thought of to lend a hand in making your routine easier. First things first, let’s get our tools together:
BROWS
Brow shaping is the most important, so that’s where we’re starting. Your glasses frame your face and your eyebrows frame your glasses. Having groomed brows goes really far in not looking like a hot mess, glasses or not. Seal the shape and any brow product in with brow gel. Comb the hairs upward to open your eyes. If your hairs are extra long, use curved cuticle scissors to trim and avoid having grandpa brows. If you’re not confident, treat yo’ self and get them done!
EYES
To brighten your eyes use highlighter or highlighter pen to avoid a “sunken” eye. Think about it, your frames are casting a shadow on your face. Adding reflective shimmer to the darkest part of your eye, the inner corner, will boost your brightness to the next level.
Curling your lashes is something most ladies generally skip. Adding this step will add volume and curl the lashes up and away from your lenses. Always curl before mascara to avoid crimping. And while we’re talking about mascara, stick to the roots of your lashes and avoid the tips which will also help in avoiding your lens. Most eyeglass wearers have watery eyes, so waterproof and voluminous mascara is what I suggest.
Now that your brows are on fleek (pronounced like bleek with an F and meaning to look really great), now you’re ready to plan your makeup look. Colored frames really look great when your makeup coordinates. Use Plum or even Navy Teal gel eyeliner vs black. This is not only more interesting but it will look like you did a lot more than you actually did! Opt for lighter eye shadow to avoid extra darkness. You don’t want your eyeshadow and your frames to compete.
LIPS
Bold lips rule for girls with glasses. Since your glasses have a glare, I recommend using a matte/cream lip. If you aren’t into a bold lip, I encourage you to try it if you haven’t, but if you know it doesn’t work for you, don’t skip color on your cheeks.
Balancing the color eyeliner and blush with a lighter lip is beautiful too. You can save the darker lip for a day to night look that’s super fast to do. Finish your look with oil control powder down the bridge on your nose to help with slippage. Now you are even more gorgeous in glasses!
If you have beauty questions or want to share your girls with glasses selfies, or would like to know more, tag me:@jmorethanmakeup! A special thanks to my model and super friend, Jade McCully for suggesting this post and for all the fun bringing it to life.
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Pakistan sentences British paranoid schizophrenic to death for blasphemy
ARCHIVE PHOTO. Residents hold placards during a rally protesting the killing of the Governor of Punjab Salman Taseer in Lahore, Taseer was shot dead by one of his guards, who was apparently incensed by the politician's opposition to the blasphemy law. (Reuters / Mohsin Raza) / Reuters
An elderly British man with paranoid schizophrenia who claimed he was the Prophet Mohammed has been sentenced to death in Pakistan under the country’s blasphemy laws.
Despite a long history of mental illness, Mohammad Asghar was
convicted and sentenced Thursday in Rawalpindi, where he is
currently being held at the high security Adiala Jail. His
lawyers said he has attempted suicide and suffered a stroke while
incarcerated at Adiala. He was arrested in 2010.
His defense, who submitted his health records in the case, say
his illness explains the allegations that he told a tenant, who
was renting a piece of property he owned in Pakistan, that he was
the Prophet Mohammed.
His lawyers, who asked to stay anonymous based on the sensitivity
associated with the blasphemy law, told the Daily Telegraph that
they fear Asghar may attempt suicide once again.
"We want to stress that Mr. Asghar is in a suicidal state and
that the authorities need to put him on suicide watch; he has
suffered a stroke and has already tried to kill himself in
prison."
A Pakistani medical board called Asghar mentally fit, clearing
the way for the death penalty. He is to remain in jail for five
years before he can appeal the decision.
Asghar, 71, was once sectioned under the Mental Health Act and
was treated at Edinburgh’s Royal Victoria Hospital, where he was
diagnosed.
In an affidavit for his defense, Dr. Jane McLennan, who has
treated him, said his history of illness goes back to 1993. She
said Asghar suffered a stroke in 2000, which exacerbated his
condition and left him with facial palsy and a limp.
Not long before his 2010 arrest in Rawalpindi, Asghar was
admitted to the Royal Victoria Hospital with “grandiose”
paranoid delusions, believing former British Prime Minister Tony
Blair and former US President George W. Bush had sent secret
agents for him based on his opposition to the Iraq war. He also
believed Pakistani and international media organizations had
bugged his home.
Upon his release in March 2010, he left for Pakistan on heavy
medication that Dr. McLennan said he unlikely continued. She said
he was at high risk for suicide, offering to treat him in
Edinburgh.
He was first arrested not long after leaving the hospital, when a
tenant he was thought to be trying to evict from one of his
properties gave police several unmailed letters in which Asghar
claimed to be the Prophet.
Pakistan’s strict anti-blasphemy law prohibits such slander of
any recognized religion. Penalties range from a fine to death.
Many see the law as tool for misuse against Christians and other
religious minorities in the predominantly Muslim nation.
"We cannot mention anything about Mr. Asghar's family;
blasphemy is a very sensitive issue in Pakistan and we ask that
our own names are kept out of the press for our own safety,"
one of Asghar's lawyers said.
Two top Pakistani politicians, Punjab Governor Salman Taseer and
minorities minister Shahbaz Bhatti, were murdered in 2011 for
opposing the law in defense of a Christian woman who had been
sentenced to death for “insulting Islam.”
A spokeswoman for the British High Commission in Islamabad said
it was aware of Asghar’s case and condition, but could not offer
comment, AP reported.
Amnesty International has called for Asghar’s immediate release.
"At a time when Pakistan is reeling from a spate of abuses
which perpetrators seek to justify as a defense of religious
sentiments, reform of the blasphemy laws is more urgent than
ever," said Amnesty International’s Deputy Asia-Pacific
Director Polly Truscott.
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Fox and Figures
Cast: Aidra Fox
Genres: Solo, Toys, Fingering
Video language: English
Aidra does a really sexy little leg tease while lying back on top of the desk with her short dress revealing quite a lot. Then standing, her dress slips all the way up over her ass revealing a beautiful pair of lacy panties hugging the butt curves nicely. There’s a bit of boob fondling towards then end but no bottomless nudity yet.
Format: mp4
Duration: 10:00
Video: 1920x1080, AVC (H.264), 7794kbps
Audio: 122kbps
http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=f7e557df53a59f18c3ee2f2fa976c0fa http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=267dfeb9a598de797eb2411015edccd5 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=fb48d49c4455d1d424b75baee6886290 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=0f42556139457d57c7376237f70ec900
http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=9c52ce5abfc4d0c8e121927eb1b24911 File size: 580.2 MB
Danielles - Public Nudity Video 011
In a super sexy purple dress and purple high heels I walk around a pretty busy sassy mall. I pick a cool spot and pose a little for the camera and give you some boob shots. Walking around the corner I do some more posing and boob flashing...then I raise up my skirt so you can see me "down there". I go down the elevator and tease you a little by flashing my boobs and then go to a nice secluded area where I show you some more of myself "down there" almost getting caught!http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=f62542e6ca10d114e2a862a0e54d76cb
File size: 213.6 MB
Big Boob Finishing School
Year: 2010 Country: USAGenre: Big Tits, Lesbo, SoftCore Length: 1:57:42Language: English Studio: Score GroupCast: Valory Irene, Lana Ivans, Arianna Sinn, Sophie Mae, Eden Mor, Michelle BondDescription: Arianna Sinn, Sophie Mae, Eden and sensational newcommers Valory Irene and Lana Ivans all have huge, natural racks, but they can't keep a boyfriend. So they go off to Portugal and enroll in Michelle Bond's school to become the ultimate man-pleasers. Bustier-than-ever Michelle teaches them how to squeeze their tits into tight tops and sexy lingerie, give sensual boob massages, wake up their men in the morning with hot sex, toy their pussies and perform welcome-home lapdances. In this school, group girl scenes, strap-on fucking and erotic boob oiling are always on the curriculum!
Big Boob Addicts (2011) CD3
Julia Ann, Shyla Stylez, Lisa Ann, Alektra Blue, Francesca Le, Kagney Linn Karter, Nikki Benz, Audrey Bitoni, Gianna Michaels, Evie DelatossoDo you get shaky if you haven't squeezed a big tit in the last six hours?Do you practice motorboating between two pillows when you can't get a date? Then there's no question – you're a Big Boob Addict! Luckily 3rd Degree has the cure for your unrequited funbag fantasies! A 2 disc compilation of heavenly hooters and divine D-cups-plus that will have you suckling at the nipples of the most beautiful well-endowed babes to grace our stages. Every scene is handpicked for its breastacular bonanza of big boobs, so you know you won't be disappointed!File size: 697.2 MBread more / Download
Big Boob Addicts (2011) CD4
Julia Ann, Shyla Stylez, Lisa Ann, Alektra Blue, Francesca Le, Kagney Linn Karter, Nikki Benz, Audrey Bitoni, Gianna Michaels, Evie DelatossoDo you get shaky if you haven't squeezed a big tit in the last six hours? Do you practice motorboating between two pillows when you can't get a date? Then there's no question – you're a Big Boob Addict! Luckily 3rd Degree has the cure for your unrequited funbag fantasies! A 2 disc compilation of heavenly hooters and divine D-cups-plus that will have you suckling at the nipples of the most beautiful well-endowed babes to grace our stages. Every scene is handpicked for its breastacular bonanza of big boobs, so you know you won't be disappointed!File size: 698.5 MBread more / Download
Big Boob Addicts (2011) CD2
Julia Ann, Shyla Stylez, Lisa Ann, Alektra Blue, Francesca Le, Kagney Linn Karter, Nikki Benz, Audrey Bitoni, Gianna Michaels, Evie DelatossoDo you get shaky if you haven't squeezed a big tit in the last six hours? Do you practice motorboating between two pillows when you can't get a date? Then there's no question – you're a Big Boob Addict! Luckily 3rd Degree has the cure for your unrequited funbag fantasies! A 2 disc compilation of heavenly hooters and divine D-cups-plus that will have you suckling at the nipples of the most beautiful well-endowed babes to grace our stages. Every scene is handpicked for its breastacular bonanza of big boobs, so you know you won't be disappointed!File size: 698.5 MBread more / Download
Big Boob Addicts (2011) CD1
Julia Ann, Shyla Stylez, Lisa Ann, Alektra Blue, Francesca Le, Kagney Linn Karter, Nikki Benz, Audrey Bitoni, Gianna Michaels, Evie DelatossoDo you get shaky if you haven't squeezed a big tit in the last six hours? Do you practice motorboating between two pillows when you can't get a date? Then there's no question – you're a Big Boob Addict! Luckily 3rd Degree has the cure for your unrequited funbag fantasies! A 2 disc compilation of heavenly hooters and divine D-cups-plus that will have you suckling at the nipples of the most beautiful well-endowed babes to grace our stages. Every scene is handpicked for its breastacular bonanza of big boobs, so you know you won't be disappointed!File size: 696.7 MBread more / Download
Knockers Out
Do you believe that big knockers should be worshipped? Do you bow down naked at the altar of perfect round melons? Then youll fit right in to this big boob fuck flick that features married women who crave attention to their spectacular breasts! Youll be too busy to wonder why their husbands arent squeezing, pinching and tit-fucking these hotties every chance they get, but their loss is your gain! Nows your chance to slip in and show these bra-busting beauties how much you appreciate their mouth-watering tits!http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=cebc411ede3b2fce04bc080c7d46d6af File size: 1.3 GB
Bi Swingers # 2
Description: Anything and everything goes, as these bisexual swingers mix it up in a free for all fuck-fest that leaves no hole unexplored and no one unsatisfied! Women with women, men with men, women with men and men with women are on the menu for this film. Come on and get your swing on with us.Format: wmvDuration: 02:09:06
big boobs finishing school
Arianna Sinn, Sophie Mae, Eden and sensational newcommers Valory Irene and Lana Ivans all have huge, natural racks, but they can't keep a boyfriend. So they go off to Portugal and enroll in Michelle Bond's school to become the ultimate man-pleasers. Bustier-than-ever Michelle teaches them how to squeeze their tits into tight tops and sexy lingerie, give sensual boob massages, wake up their men in the morning with hot sex, toy their pussies and perform welcome-home lapdances. In this school, group girl scenes, strap-on fucking and erotic boob oiling are always on the curriculum!http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=5d0a331c4939ec8df9c10f328c7cdccd
File size: 907.4 MB
Big Natural Boob Job
Release Year: 2012
Genres: POV, Big Tits, Tits, Fuck
Video language: English
We've probably had over a hundred requests for a full-length boob job, and naturally wanting to please our loyal members, and Dave himself of course, I couldn't resist any longer! I painted my nails a deep, sexy red colour and put on a pair of lacey gloves and a lace-top to match, then oiled my boobs up before Dave slipped his cock between them. I pushed my tits together and rubbed up and down, slow and then faster, until his dick was throbbing hard and was ready to explode between my cleavage. I loved watching this back and seeing the big mess Dave made over my tits - you don't want to miss this!
http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=bc48fe121663e827c157f42162e6fa9d File size: 242.3 MB
On Location Costa del Sol
Year: 2003Country: USAGenre: Lesbo, SoloLength: 1:41:39Directed by: Score GroupStudio: Score GroupStarring: Cassandra, Ines Cudna, Kerry Marie, Nicole PetersDescription: You pleaded. You begged. We listened. Here it is! In the tradition of On Location Portugal and On Location Key Largo, the boob maniacs at SCORE Magazine proudly present the ultimate in 100% real big tit entertainment: On Location Costa Del Sol. This super-natural boob spectacular stars Kerry Marie and Cassandra, the new incredible British boobcomer Nicole Peters and Internet busty teen sensation Ines Cudna, the dream babe from Poland. It's a vision of boob paradise! Sun-kissed tits on a Spanish estate. Not a hairy man-ass in sight. Two experienced superstars, Kerry Marie and Cassandra pair with newbies Ines Cudna and Nicole Peters and show them how to display their sizzling bods! Total boob bliss. If you can get through the first 20 minutes without losing your load, you're made of steel. Yeah, right! The plot: Kerry, Nicole and Ines travel to Spain for special training at Cassandra's Big-Boob Modeling School. Cassandra, who's been plugged by many toys and tools in every hole, is the right choice for the job of teaching her chesty charges how to be more exciting, more man-pleasing models. Kerry has never used toys in her life. Ines has barely shown pink. Nicole is a debutante in nude modeling. What will happen to these nubile nymphs in Cassandra's horny hands? They're gonna cum likVideo quality: DVDRipVideo format: MPEGVideo codec: MPEG1Audio codec: MPEG AudioVideo: 2.807 Kbps (1.150 Kbps), 352X240 (4:3), at 29.970 fps, MPEG Video (NTSC)Audio: 224 Kbps, 44.1 KHz, 2 channels, MPEG Audio
Scene#3_TashaReign
Release Year: 2011
Cast: Tasha Reign, Helly Mae Hellfire, Brandy Aniston, Britney Amber, Kortney Kane, Mick Blue, Mark Wood, Rocco Reed
Genres: Big Boobs, Blonde, Brunette, Facial Cumshot, Lingerie, Milf, One On One, Tattoo
Video language: English
Do you believe that big knockers should be worshiped? Do you bow down naked at the altar of perfect round melons? Then you'll 'fit right in' to this big boob fuck flick that features married women who crave attention to their spectacular breasts! You'll be too busy to wonder why their husbands aren't squeezing, pinching and tit-fucking these hotties every chance they get, but their loss is your gain! Now's your chance to slip in and show these bra-busting beauties how much you 'appreciate' their mouth-watering tits!
File size: 699.6 MB
The best orgasm for women
Home videoThe movie best orgasm for women discusses the various ways in which women can reach the most powerful orgasms, stimulation of the G-spot and zone A, the methods whose use is increasing or slowing the onset of orgasm in men of means and methods that lead to striking orgasmic sensations for both women and men.http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=76837882645d9ff969a6672783a366ab File size: 688.0 MB
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womens wellingtons
Available in a range of sizes these bright purple wellies are perfect for this years festivals, doing the gardening, walking the dog or just for jumping in puddles! You’ll stand out from the crowd with the bright purple colour of these fab welly boots and at £12.49 plus delivery per pair they’re a bargain! Available in UK sizes 3, 4, 5, 6, 6.5 and 7.
If you’re looking for a quality low priced pair of wellies, take a peek at these green wellies by Dunlop. They’re great for use as gardening wellies, festival wellies, walking wellies or for every day use in the great British weather! We have them in UK adult sizes 3 to 12 and stocks are limited. When they’re gone, they’re gone!
New in this week are these fabulous Spotty Print Wellies. Available in UK sizes 3-7 including the sought after UK 6.5! These spotty wellingtons are black with a pink sole and trim and have purple spots all over the boot. They also feature a buckle to each outer side. Great for use as festival wellies, funky gardening wellies, or simply for jumping in puddles!
New in are these funky ladies butterfly design wellies in black. They have a contrasting pink sole and edging making them a striking choice of festival wellies or for digging your way out of the house during the recent snow!
We have them in UK sizes 3, 4, 5, 6, 6.5 and 7 @ £14.99 per pair (+ Delivery).
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You are here:
Healing Arts Team
REM Promote Arts and Entertainment Forum...our first step.
There is really no Healing Arts team...yet. In 2015 the REM Promote Arts and Entertainment Team will first convene the second Promote Arts and Entertainment Forum. The goal is to build the eight arts teams, (crafts, dance, film and media arts, fine arts, healing arts, literary arts, music, and theatre) help them articulate both the community needs and the dreams for their discipline, and then develop plans for meeting those needs and dreams. The next phase will be to meld the energy of all eight into a collaborative event that brings the myriad of skills together creating an art tapestry which demonstrates the power of collaboration and creative synergy
Healing Arts
The healing arts include all of the health sciences and forms of complementary and alternative medicine, as well as a host of traditional practices aimed to cure disease, heal injury and promote wellness. Each of these disciplines have well-developed associated bodies of knowledge. Their theoretical underpinnings range from biology to magic, and include many elements of both philosophy and religion.
Tai Chi
Reiki saying
Reiki
Aromatherapy
Yoga
Massage
If you would be interested in helping convene an arts forum, attending an arts forum or being part of the birthing of a Healing Arts Team’s visions, projects and events you are invited to click on the button below. Someone will contact you to talk about how you’d like to participate.
Clicking this button means you'd like to explore the possibilities for helping create a Healing Arts Team.
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Export for Seadragon Ajax
Expression Studio 1.0
One option you have when you want to share your compositions with other people is to export for Seadragon Ajax. Compositions exported for Seadragon Ajax do have some limitations. Their loading times are slower than those of compositions exported for Silverlight, and they can be exported only as compositions, not as collections. They do, however, have the advantage that they can be viewed on computers that do not have Silverlight installed. For more information about Silverlight, see Export for Silverlight.
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The products contained in this website are intented for sale to adults of the legal smoking age in their respective place of residence. By clicking the "ENTER" button below you certify that you are of legal smoking age in your state or residence.
2019 Vaping Resolution Guide For Smokers
Make Your 2019 Resolution Stick
The failure of resolve is not the primary reason that resolutions fail to materialize. This is especially the case when the goal is giving up a habit like smoking, which is often intertwined with your lifestyle and daily routine. Emotional stressors, force of habit and a lack of planning often play a huge role.
Although e-cigs are not considered smoking cessation devices, they do make an excellent alternative. They make life easier because they allow you to replace the rituals and nicotine that you are accustomed to without the smoke. Better still, there are tons of flavors, nicotine levels and devices available.
Size Matters
A quick look at vaping options reveals that there are petite cig-a-likes, thumb drive sized pod systems, and tube mods ranging from the size of pen to magic marker. For those who think size matters, there are box-mods that pack a huge punch. Some fit in the palm of your hand and some are the size of a service revolver. The key is that there is a perfect fit for every smoker’s lifestyle.
The Cloud Experience
Whether you prefer the throaty burn of cig-a-like tobacco vapor, the straight fire of potent nic salts or the fragrant clouds of a powerful subohm tank, there is a vaping experience that you will enjoy.
Your 2019 Vaping Resolution Guide
Here is our guide to help you make that transition from cigarettes. Let 2019 be the year that you leave tar, ash and smoke behind forever. Below are a few questions to ask yourself. Your answers and this guide should help you navigate the wide world of vaping and find the device that is right for you.
How much do you smoke?
One of the biggest benefits of e-cigs is that there are tons of nicotine levels available, ranging from no nicotine at all to potent nic salts ejuices found in pod systems. Many vapers start at a higher nicotine level when they start to make sure their cravings are satiated but gradually ramp down the nicotine level as they go.
The Vapor Zeus is a tube shaped device (tube mod) that provides a great blend of performance and convenient size. It provides a satisfying experience that mimics smoking and because it is refillable you can use it morning, noon and night. You can adjust the nicotine level, flavor and throat hit with our Wow and Premium e-juice flavors. The Vapor Zeus is an easy to use tube mod, you just inhale and vape. But there are a number of other tube mods available, with varying levels of complexity and performance.
If your goal is to get the maximum amount of nicotine in the smallest possible package, then a vape pod is another great option. The obvious example of a nic salt pod system is the Juul.
Do you want to mimic the smoking experience?
If you are looking for a tight throat hit and a device that closely mimics a cigarette consider a “cig-a-like” device like our Vapor Titan. These are prefilled e-cigs that actually mimic the look and feel of an actual cigarette. These compact devices are either disposable or use prefilled cartridges, so there is no hassle or tinkering required. They are sold in affordable starter kits and are a great way to initiate yourself into the world of vaping.
The diminutive size and affordable price point does not mean that you will lack for options. They have a full array of flavors. The delicious tobacco and menthol flavors are particularly popular with heavy smokers. Unfortunately, there is less competition in this field than before. Altria has abandoned their loyal Green Smoke customers and V2 closed their doors. But if you are looking for a cig-a-like, we are confident that the Vapor Titan will meet all of your needs.
Are you looking for massive vapor clouds or a quick nic fix?
Powerful subohm vape mods generally use juices with the lowest nicotine levels but make up for this with their impressive cloud production. This also means they burn juice quite quickly, and they require more maintenance in the form of coil changes. Coils are easily removed but add an extra layer of expense and complication. A burnt out coil is an extremely unpleasant experience. Subohm describes the resistance of the coils. The less resistance, the faster they heat up and more vapor they produce.
Using a mod is not a complex task and the reward is massive, delicious, creamy clouds. But they do have more “moving parts” and are larger than tube mods and cig-a-likes. They are also much more conspicuous than smaller devices and you may want to brush up on your vaping etiquette before unleashing cumulus clouds of vapor on unwitting passersby.
The good news is that it is easier and cheaper than ever to find a perfect mod. Most manufacturers now sell their products in a kit that includes the actual mod, the battery powered brains of the operation, a subohm tank optimized for the mod, charger cord, and a couple of coils.
If you want to be at the cutting edge of affordable mod designs, we recently reviewed the Voopoo Drag 2 and the Aspire Dynamo. These are cloud generators par excellence. If you are new to vaping, and want the power of a mod with fewer hassles you should check out our review of the compact Voopoo Mojo. It has impressive performance, is compact in size, has a very attractive appearance and features a built in battery, where most box mod kits will require that you purchase 18650 batteries and possibly a charger.
The Key to Successful Resolutions
A positive mindset, achievable goals and actionable plans are the pillars of a successful New Year’s resolution. Whether it is health, wealth or pleasure you seek, the fact is that over 80 percent of resolutions fail by February. Selecting the right vaping device and juice will go a long way towards giving up smoke and soot for good in the coming year.
Here are a few additional pointers that will help guarantee success:
Find the right device: As outlined in some detail above, there are tons of options in the vaping universe. What works for someone else may not work for you. Trial and error may not sound that appealing but the monetary investment of trying several types of devices is not any greater of a financial burden in the near-term than purchasing cigarettes. Cig-a-like starter kits like the Vapor Titan are extremely affordable, and pod systems are also inexpensive. Tube and box mods may cost a bit more but are usually sold in convenient kits. Even the thirstiest box mod will start to provide savings when compared to a heavy smoking habit. All of these device types provide wildly different experiences.
Favorite Flavors: There are so many flavors available it is probably easiest to break it down by class. Do you want tobacco or menthol to mimic smoking? Or maybe coffee? There are tons of fruit and dessert flavors available. Despite the hysterics about flavors like crème brule, a 1990s favorite that is somehow connected with teens in the eyes of the media, it turns out many adults may also have a sweet tooth. The fruit flavor fallacy is one of the most pervasive zombie vaping myths. These unfortunately feed a narrative that keeps vaping devices out of the hands of otherwise open-minded smokers.
Stay fueled up. Make sure your batteries are charged and you have plenty of juice. Until you have a good feel for your daily use, the chances of running low are much greater. This is when you are most likely to make an impulsive cigarette purchase.
Avoid triggers. I am a former smoker who immediately preferred vaping to smoking. But everyone’s experience is different. If you miss smoking, it may be wise to steer clear of chain smokers and situations where you smoked for a few weeks while you are sorting out what vaping device works best for you.
Establish a routine. It may seem like common sense but the only way you will replace smoking with vaping is if you go to the effort of completely replacing smoking with vaping. Even pharmaceutical interventions, government approved smoking cessation aids and behavioral therapies could not be expected to work if they were only used a couple times a week. If your pattern is to vape during the week and smoke on weekends, chances are you will fall back into your old habits.
Contact us
This product may contain nicotine which is a highly addictive substance. This product is intended for adult smokers. You must be of legal smoking age in your territory to purchase this product. Please consult your physician before use. Nicotine may be absorbed by direct skin contact. If the nicotine e liquid is spilled on the skin, rinse the affected area with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention. Lithium ion batteries may explode with improper use. Vapor4Life batteries and chargers should only be used with Vapor4Life approved devices.
YOU MUST BE OF LEGAL SMOKING AGE TO BUY AND/OR USE ANY VAPOR4LIFE PRODUCT.
Vapor4Life products are not for use by persons under legal smoking age. Keep out of reach of children and pets. If swallowed, this product can present a choking hazard. Nicotine is addictive and can be toxic if inhaled or ingested and may cause irritation if it comes into contact with your eyes or skin. Wash immediately with soap and water upon contact. Like other products with nicotine, you should not use this product if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have or are at risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, if you are taking medicines for depression or asthma or if you are allergic to nicotine, propylene glycol, or any combination of inhalants. Discontinue use and consult a physician if you experience symptoms of nicotine misuse such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, weakness or rapid heartbeat. This product does not treat, diagnose or cure any disease, physical ailment or condition. This product is not marketed for use as a smoking cessation product and is not intended for use by non-smokers. This product and the statements made herein have not been evaluated by the FDA, or any other health or regulatory authority. WARNING: Vapor4Life products with nicotine contain a chemical known to the state of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm.
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Finding paves way for better treatment of autoimmune disease
A signaling molecule with an affinity for alcohol has yielded a rapid, inexpensive way to make large numbers of immune cells that work like beat cops to keep misguided cells from attacking the body.
The ability to easily make large numbers of these cells opens the door to improved treatment and a better understanding of autoimmune diseases such as type1 diabetes and arthritis, Medical College of Georgia researchers say.
T cells are components of the immune system designed to attack invaders such as bacteria and viruses; regulatory T cells are a small subset that prevents the cells from also attacking body tissue.
Research published in the August issue of Nature Methods shows that, given the option, phospholipase D, which typically mixes with water, prefers alcohol. It’s an apparently lethal choice for the signaling molecule that, in turn, also kills T cells that need phospholipase D to survive. Previously, it was unknown whether regulatory T cells required the molecule.
“What we have found is that if you block this enzyme, almost all T cells die after three days but the regulatory T cells can survive,” says Dr. Makio Iwashima, MCG immunologist and the study’s corresponding author. “After three days, we give them some food to grow and, in one week, you get about 90 percent pure regulatory cells.”
The approach worked with laboratory-grade alcohol, called butanol, as well as beverage-grade ethanol.
When researchers gave some of the regulatory T cells to a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, the symptoms, including dramatic weight loss, went away. Animals showed no classic signs of inflammation, just a significant increase in regulatory cells.
MCG researchers have obtained funding from the Arthritis Foundation and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation to see if the cell therapy will work as well in animal models for arthritis and type 1diabetes.
“Our prediction and our hope is that we can restore balance,” says Dr. Iwashima. The usual 5- to 95-percent ratio of regulatory cells to non-regulatory T cells is lost in those with autoimmune disease, he says. However, too many regulatory cells also can be a problem, he says, noting that cancer patients have higher levels of regulatory cells.
Regulatory T cell therapy also resolved symptoms in a model of graft versus host disease, a problem for some bone marrow transplant patients when immune cells from the donor start attacking. This finding indicates a potential role for helping transplant patients keep new organs, the researchers say.
Dr. Iwashima has an Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation grant to pursue alcohol’s potential for helping isolate desirous regulatory cells. However, he cautions that his research findings are not a green light for patients with autoimmune disease to drink because of the negative health effects of regular alcohol consumption.
Dr. Iwashima and his colleagues believe the best way to optimize cell percentages is to do what the body does. In fact, they already are searching for an endogenous substance that interferes with phospholipase D.
“Ultimately, that is the most natural way, if we can find the compound in our bodies that can do the job,” Dr. Iwashima says. He theorizes that this natural substance helps destroy non-regulatory T cells when the body gets too many, say after fighting a big infection, and that it may not work well enough in people with autoimmune disease.
Die letzten 5 Focus-News des innovations-reports im Überblick:
Physicists of the University of Würzburg have made an astonishing discovery in a specific type of topological insulators. The effect is due to the structure of the materials used. The researchers have now published their work in the journal Science.
Topological insulators are currently the hot topic in physics according to the newspaper Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Only a few weeks ago, their importance was...
In recent years, lasers with ultrashort pulses (USP) down to the femtosecond range have become established on an industrial scale. They could advance some applications with the much-lauded “cold ablation” – if that meant they would then achieve more throughput. A new generation of process engineering that will address this issue in particular will be discussed at the “4th UKP Workshop – Ultrafast Laser Technology” in April 2017.
Even back in the 1990s, scientists were comparing materials processing with nanosecond, picosecond and femtosesecond pulses. The result was surprising:...
A multi-institutional research collaboration has created a novel approach for fabricating three-dimensional micro-optics through the shape-defined formation of porous silicon (PSi), with broad impacts in integrated optoelectronics, imaging, and photovoltaics.
Working with colleagues at Stanford and The Dow Chemical Company, researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign fabricated 3-D birefringent...
In experiments with magnetic atoms conducted at extremely low temperatures, scientists have demonstrated a unique phase of matter: The atoms form a new type of quantum liquid or quantum droplet state. These so called quantum droplets may preserve their form in absence of external confinement because of quantum effects. The joint team of experimental physicists from Innsbruck and theoretical physicists from Hannover report on their findings in the journal Physical Review X.
“Our Quantum droplets are in the gas phase but they still drop like a rock,” explains experimental physicist Francesca Ferlaino when talking about the...
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Tamron Announce Two New Feature Rich Premium Primes
Tamron has announced a new pair of high quality image stabilized primes. The Tamron SP 35mm and 45mm mark the companies first venture into this category of lenses, providing competition to the incredibly popular Sigma Global Vision line.
Tamron are known for their affordably priced, feature rich zoom lenses. The 17-50mm f/2.8 VC (Vibration Control) and 24-70mm f/2.8 VC are popular budget choice lenses for video shooters using APS-C and full frame cameras respectively. The latter a particularly interesting number as there is no other direct replacement for it (both Canon, Nikon and Sigma standard zoom lenses offer Image Stabilization or a fast f/2.8 aperture, not both).
Whilst Tamron has offered much in certain departments it has lacked in others. Build quality has always been a downside when comparing to other lenses, and short focus throws make them tough for video shooters. The new SP (Super Performance) prime pair look to make some changes, offering up a first for Tamron in the high quality fixed focal length sector (ignoring their current macro lenses).
USD refers to the Ultrasonic Silent Drive motor system that’ll please mostly stills shooters but for us video guys it means that lenses offer full time manual focus (even in AF mode) plus the potential to work with video auto focus systems like Canons Dual Pixel AF.
One Low Dispersion element, one extra Low Dispersion element, and two aspherical elements help to control a variety of aberrations and distortions for consistent and even illumination and sharpness, as well as reduced color fringing, and eBAND and BBAR coatings work to suppress flare and ghosting for increased contrast and color fidelity.
You’d be please to know that both prime lenses feature a moisture-resistant construction, complete with rubber seal on the back on the lens and fluorine coated front element.
It’s clear by the aesthetic design of these two lenses that Tamron has gone after the same target audience as Sigma with their Global Vision Line (particularly the Art series primes). This is great news for budget video shooters as there are now even more options in this department.
The fact that these are newly designed Super Performance primes hopefully means that these are a grade or two above Tamrons other lines in terms of build quality. Sigma did an exceptional job with stating the premium status of their Global Vision Line, this could be a similar move from Tamron but in an even more cost effective price bracket.
Coming in at around $600 each, these lenses come in competitively priced yet offering important features like a fast f/1.8 aperture, Vibration Control and weather sealing.
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Janome Sewing Machines | Elna Sewing Machine for Sale
Sewing Machines at unbeatable prices. We are Australia’s largest retailer of sewing machines, embroidery machines and quilting machines. Metro Sewing Centres, where 2/19/2008 · Best Answer: I have the Brother 270d. It is a little work horse. It does bother embroidery and sewing. It comes with a set of built in designs, including Get support & updates for FUTURA™ Sewing & Embroidery Machines. > Search Current Products. Find the machine that’s right for you! > Where to Buy.
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With Kevin Hartin the bag, those behind the upcoming remake of About Last Night have started to find their other main players — and they’re planning this one pretty specifically. You’ll know of what I speak upon reading Variety‘s story, which tells us Screen Gems and Think Like a Man producers have corralled two of his co-stars from that film, Michael Ealy and Regina Hall, both of whom are expected to sign in the near future.
Like Edward Zwick‘s original film — along with its starting point: David Mamet‘s play, Sexual Perversity in Chicago — About Last Night revolves around a couple who, after having a one night stand, decide to make their relationship into a legitimate enterprise. We, the voyeuristic viewers, then get to follow that over the course of a year, as things get better, worse, and end up somewhere in-between.
Hart has already committed to the “mischievous but loyal wingman” slot, so Ealy would, naturally, play the male lead; Hall, on the other hand, is being courted for a supporting role herself. This leaves just one big part to fill, and I wouldn’t be shocked if they just go and grab another member from that film, be it Taraji P. Henson or Gabrielle Union. (At this point, I actually don’t know why they haven’t just cancelled the Think Like a Mansequel.)
Leslye Headland (Terriers) is writing the screenplay for Rainforest Films and producer Will Gluck, though a director still needs to be found. But with the next two signings, I’d think a helmer comes on soon enough. Maybe Tim Story will, soon enough, even enter discussions — if he hasn’t already.
Afterward, Variety also tell us that Catherine O’Hara and Sara Canning (The Vampire Diaries) are coming aboard Sex and Sunsets, a romantic drama that stars True Blood‘s Ryan Kwanten. So I suppose this is a good project for actors who… star in TV shows concerning vampires. (A connection so obvious I can’t really put it into words.)
Jeremiah S. Chechik has been assigned to direct the film — an adaptation of Tim Sandlin‘s novel, written by Megan Martin — which stars Kwanten as Kelly Palamino, a bum dishwasher who sees the woman of his dreams, Collette, on her wedding day. He starts pursuing the newlywed, trying to prove that his bad reputation is nothing more than a falsehood she should be able to look past in order to find true love. Canning will play Collette, while O’Hara‘s role will be that of her “eccentric, estranged mother.”
Serendipity are producing Sex and Sunsets, with shooting expected to kick off next month.
How do you feel about the Think Like a Man ensemble getting back together for About Last Night? Does Sex and Sunsets benefit from these next two choices?
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The SSD seems to have the right form (2.5") and the interface (SATA) but I am not sure if these two are enough to ensure compatibility. Unfortunately, SanDisk says (unlike Crucial for example) it does not provide compatibility information for specific computer models. Thank you.
I am thinking of upgrading my Toshiba Satellite C655 with a faster CPU and am wondering if anyone can tell me which CPU's are compatible with this laptop? At this time it has a AMD V140 Processor 2.30ghz. The laptop is a Toshiba Satellite C655D-S50851. Thank you for any information you can give me.
Answer:Toshiba Satellite C655 CPU compatibility
As a general rule with laptops, CPU upgrades don't really give decent increases in performance. Increasing system memory to max allowed and installing a bigger faster hard drive will give you the most "bang for the buck"...
Hi, The Hard drive of Thainkpad E430-CTO (3254) got crashed. I have wish to change to SSD-256 GB SanDisk. Does this notebook support SSD ? If not SanDisk, then kindly let me know other brands. Thank you very much in advance for your kind reply.
Answer:Compatibility of E430-CTO-3254 for 256 GB SSD SanDisk
Hi Kamiyajain,
Welcome to Lenovo Community!
We understood that your query is about to know the maximum capacity of HDD supported to ThinkPad E430.
As per the Lenovo the system will support maximum up to 160 GB SSD.
Please click here to know the complete specification of the system hardware support.
I request you to contact our Technical Support for further Assistance to get the details of the nearest Authorized Service Center to get the issue analyzed.
Click here to open a link where you can select the country and get the exact contact support number. I?m sure they will be a great help.
Hope this helps!
Best regards,
Hemanth Kumar
Did someone help you today? Press the star on the left to thank them with a Kudo!If you find a post helpful and it answers your question, please mark it as an "Accepted Solution"! This will help the rest of the Community with similar issues identify the verified solution and benefit from it.Follow @LenovoForums on Twitter!
As the title says, I have a Toshiba Satellite L755-128 code PSK30E. It has a 2nd generation Intel i5-2410M processor.
Laptop running fine and all, but I recently got a nice deal on a newer laptop, with overall lower specs, but a better processor. It is a DeII Latitude E5530, with a 3rd gen Intel i5-3230M.
Going on Intel's site, I saw that basically both processors have the same TDP of 35W, and same package size, both run on HT and have dual cores, the only difference being that the architecture changed from 32nm to 22nm and the frequency is higher.
Of course, as you guessed, I intended to swap the processors between the two laptops. Upgraded the BIOS on both of them, then replaced processors, re-assembled, and at start-up, surprise: The DeII recognized the older version of i5, ran fine and all, but the Toshiba didn't.
It just opened when I pressed the ON button, but the screen remained black. Then I pressed again the button, it shut down as normally. (I repeat, BIOS already upgraded, as somebody recommended). I disassembled again the Satellite, checked if everything is in place, and second start-up time still the same.
Then I got annoyed and swapped back the processors onto their original Laptops. And, both of them are running just fine.
So if somebody came across this problem could you please advise if you managed to sort it o... Read more
Answer:Satellite L755-128 - CPU compatibility issue
Hi
I don?t know any notebook manufacturer who would officially support an CPU upgrade.
Mostly the CPU upgrades on notebooks are your own decision and nobody could provide you an confirmation that an notebook with new CPU would work or run properly.
Indeed many people try to update the CPUs and in many cases this works? also on Toshiba notebooks.
But there are some important notes:
1) you have to ensure that the chipset on the motherboard would support new CPU. In case it doesn?t, you cannot use it
2) even if new CPU would be supported by chipset, there is still open question about the BIOS support. BIOS is modified for each notebook series and it could be possible that some CPUs would not be fully compatible or supported by BIOS.
As you see, the CPU upgrade is not very easy and it?s no matter that another notebook which was equipped with the same CPU as the L755 supports the other CPU? there are much more factors which could affect such upgrade.
Apologies if this question is in the wrong part of the forum but I need help with a battery problem for my Toshiba Laptop.
I have a Satellite A300 and have done for about 4 years.
The battery recently has not been holding charge and I put this down to age so ordered a new one online.
My previous battery had Model Number PA3534U-1BRS with DC 10.8v and 4000 mAh and my new battery is also PA3534U-1BRS with DC 10.8v and 4000 mAh.
The problem is that the computer doesn't seem to like it.
If I put the battery in and connect the power adaptor the red battery icon will show and remain for around 5 minutes before starting to flash.
When I turn the computer on and log in the computer displays 'battery not detected' in the battery icon on the toolbar.
I have not been able thus far to charge the battery.
What am I doing wrong ? Any ideas on how I can get around this ?
Any help gratefully received
Thanks
Answer:Satellite A300 - new battery compatibility issue
Hi
First of all there are no many things which need to be done if you replace the battery.
The new battery should be recognized automatically by Windows system and notebook.
If it?s not the case then the battery is not fully compatible or it malfunctions.
There are many batteries on the market; original parts and not original parts?
I recommend buying an original Toshiba batter from Toshiba service in your country.
In such case you can be 100% sure that you have bought an right and good part for your notebook.
The internet provides some details about this error message.
It seem that in order to install the Win 8 CP the CPU should support PAE/NX/SSE2 features
Never-eXecute Bit ( [NX bit|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NX_bit] ) allows marking of memory pages as non-executable.
Streaming SIMD Extensions 2 (SSE2) is a previous standard that is supported by Intel and AMD CPU. Therefore all CPUs that support NX would also support SSE2 too.
Usually enabling the XD (for Intel CPUs) or NX (for AMD CPUs) in BIOS should disable this error message.
But if this is not available in BIOS then either the CPU does not supports this feature or the BIOS does not support this option.
According to Intel Ark page the Intel Core i3-380M supports Execute Disable Bit. So possibly the BIOS does not support this feature
http://ark.intel.com/products/50178/Intel-Core-i3-380M-Processor-
Hello everyone, I have a Toshiba Satellite P105-S6114 running XP. For the year that I've had it it has run great. As of lately I haven't been able to use a CD in the DVD-R drive. The CD tray opens, I put a CD into it, it tries to read it( I see the light turn on and hear the cd spin) but it just stops and won't recognize it. I try to open it in "My Computer" but it just prompts me to insert a cd into the drive. I don't know what happened in the past month to make this happen. The catch is this..... It will play a DVD just fine. It recognizes it and plays it right away. I updated the driver and even deleted the driver and started fresh. Nothing worked. Has anyone ever heard of this? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks
Answer:Toshiba Satellite CD/DVD issue
Could be the particular CD you put in there.However, I once had a gateway laptop need a replacement Drive put in. Maybe someone else has a better idea.
I have a Toshiba satellite s855-044 and am having issues with the power. I have looked up on countless forums and have been able to find people with similar issues but not the same. Basically the issue is that it will not turn on sometimes and wont show any symptoms of having power. Here is what i know about it:
1. The issue only comes up when i power off the laptop while it is unplugged.
2. None of the power indicators on the front light up, however when you look at it in a pitch black room it is VERY faintly blinking (indicator for when it is plugged in)
3. It turns back on usually after 10 or so hours of messing around with it. (Pulling plug out and putting it back in. Checking connections inside, etc.)
4. I have 2 batteries as well as 2 power adapters (chargers), trying different combinations of them do not seem to make a difference.
5. I have tried the method of unplugging and removing battery and holding the power button for around a minute, no results from that method.
I have a toshiba Satellite L855-10P and my webcam was working fine until today when, during a skype video conference, it started showing black lines a bit like static and the quality decreased significantly. I used the webcam application to check if it wasn't an internet issue and the same problem occurred.
I restarted the computer and removed the protective plastic from the webcam and nothing changed. It's a brand new laptop, it's only 2 months old. Is there anything I can do to find out the nature of this problem or should I just go ahead and use the warranty?
**Edit: I changed the quality to 1280*700 and the image had great quality but when I changed it to anything lower than that quality the static came back.
Message was edited by: FranPicoto
Answer:Re: Toshiba Web Cam issue on Satellite L855-10P
Have you tried to reinstall Toshiba Webcam driver?
Latest version you can find on Toshiba support page - http://eu.computers.toshiba-europe.com/innovation/download_drivers_bios.jsp
hey, everyone, ive been looking for similar problems but found none, maybe you guys can help.
i have a toshiba satellite m40 and it has no hard drive. even if it doesnt have a hard drive it should be able to boot and tell me so. my problem is:
1st. the laptop screen works sometimes. meaning the laptop turns on but the screen is off....but other times it turns on fine. now, when the screen doesnt turn on, i found that hitting it makes the screen appear and im not happy about hitting my laptop, im just trying to get it to work.
2nd. when the screen does work, the laptop gets stuck at the motherboard logo screen and does not move from there.....unless..... you hit it.
whats wrong with the dumb thing? anybody help?
oh and like the thing is, it does function, the screen does turn on and the motherboard logo screen does change but u have to really hit it a few times..... other wise it freezes or the screen wont turn on.... ive ran linux off of a live cd on it so i know for a fact im right.
Answer:Toshiba satellite m40 huge issue
It is time to have the laptop serviced by a qualified technician, or to buy a new laptop. If you are familiar with removing memory or hard drive, you can try reseating them. The video cable from the LCD panel to the motherboard may be pinched or loose
I bought this new, obviously some years ago. XP Home and all original hardware.Gave it to my sister about 4 years ago to run to run scientific apps that won't run on anything newer than XP.In her possession, It was not used on a network---no internet at all.
It's screen went blank but the lights on the front of the case showed it loading/booting up.So I attached it to an old CRT monitor. As the computer booted the screen filled with a few hundred colored vertical lines but finalized with the regular background, but no icons or start menu. Right clicking on it did nothing.
So I booted to an Acronis Boot disk and installed a known drive image I made 4 years ago that I knew was good. Same issue.
I then installed the factory image from my Toshiba Install disk and, with the CRT attached, it boots up normally with no apparent issues.
I still need to check the wiring connections of the laptop monitor but at least it's still useful with the external monitor.
I'd like to hand this back to my sister with confidence as she uses it at home to do scientific data analysis for her employer.Any thoughts on what this issue might be, have been?SysInfo to follow.John
Ive had this laptop for a while and it works fine, slower over time of course, but i maintain it well....I have come across an issue. Whenever i browse the internet, its reaalllly slow. Some sites work fine ( such as google or gamespot) but i cant search anything, it takes too long to load. Hotmail doesnt even come up, it jus loads and loads and loads...Ive had a virus and a trojan on my comp, scanned with 4 different programs and got rid of all the bad stuff on there...Seems to be clean, but still having the same issue. Thanks in advance for any advice or ideas
Answer:Toshiba satellite M70-SR6 internet issue
Hello,
Read the suggestion about going thru our spyware guide in your other post. This will be to ensure that the PC is clean.
With my new network now up and running, and all devices talking to each other as they should, I probed about in the (VM supplied) Netgear Superhubs settings and discovered I can change the frequency from 2.4 to 5gz which gets me away from local interference.My iMac, Ipad iPhone and ATV work perfectly with the setting at 5, but laptop flatly refuses to even see the network. I have a new Draytek wireless router being delivered this week and would like to use the higher setting for all devices without having to go into the admin screen and change back to 2.4 when using the lappy.Anyone had this issue, or suggest a workaround?
Answer:Toshiba Satellite Pro Wireless Issue
Should have added....Laptop runs Windows 7 64 bit, and the network card is the Atheros with the latest drivers installed.
The mouse, out of nowhere, starts to go to the right or to the left and there is nothing to do to remove it from the place. Sometimes it stops and others doesn't. This problem prevents us from working. It has nothing to do with the mouse (we tried several) or with docking station because it happens without the docking station.
So, the problem started when my dad told me various recharge lights would not come one. Low and behold after opening it up I noticed the Power Pin within the DC housing was not there, in fact it dropped directly into my hand while I was opening it... So after a great deal of experimentation in trying to fix it... I have given up, if I jiggle it for a little while the lights will come on for a second... Please look at diagram for what I believe is accurate~
The connector just behind the housing... is that a ground? my limited knowledge on, on-board circuitry prevents me from repairing this myself.
Answer:Toshiba Satellite A75-S209 DC Issue
if you can visually seek the break, then you know where it should connect in order to repair it. You need not know the polarity. But I don't recommend repairing this yourself unless you are good with a soldering iron. Take it to a shop.
Opened my daughter's laptop this morning and it seems like the LCD has "dissolved" in the left bottom of the screen. There's no identation on the screen or any sign of damage. The liquid crystal just seemed "smeared" or something in the corner. Any thoughts? I'm not a technie so sorry if I don't know all the terminology... I purchased this for her for Christmas at Office Depot so it's only a few months old. Please help! Thanks mucho!
Answer:Issue with Toshiba Satellite Screen
The LCD screen could have been damaged by placing a heavy object on the top of the closed laptop or by bumping or dropping. It doesn't take much... The LCD panel might be under warranty. Its worth checking into. Otherwise, it is expensive to replace. They cannot be repaired
HiDuring a software update my laptop lost power and made my computer into a brick, I lost my revovery partition and the back up discs were corrupt.However with a bit of formatting from 3rd party software I have manage to install an old version of win 8.1 64 bit. However when I have come to install drivers from the Toshiba website the wifi drivers don't seem to want to play and the wifi hardware is still not recognised.Does anybody have any info or guidance of what hardware may be installed wifi adaptor wiseToshiba Satellite C500-A-13GPart number PSCGWE-02JOOXENthanks for any help you can givecheersG :)
I've been working on a friends A200-AHC308. It had a few viruses and was currently running XP, so I decided to reformat to XP-SP3. Prior to the reformat I attempted to back up all of his files to a USB flash drive, although the computer had problems recognizing the USB. I figured that the problem may have had something to do with a faulty driver installation so ignored it and continued with the format, having backed up his files on a DVD. After the reformat I am still having the same issue. All drivers are installed properly and nothing in Device Manager is popping up with a question mark. What happens is this: I plug the media in (whether it be an external HDD or a flashdrive) and the computer goes through its device wizard. It does one of two things:
Says the device was installed successfully although when attempting to access it through My Computer the drive does not load (it is present, although when attempting to open it I have no luck).
Says the device is not compatible.
Anyone?
Answer:Toshiba Satellite A200 USB Issue
If you have a second USB flash drive available, plug it into the Toshiba and see if you can read from/write to it.
If you can, it's likely the drive you backed the data up on is either going bad or was corrupted by the virus(es). If this is the case, any attempt at recovering the data should be done with extreme caution. If inserted into and accessed from another PC there is a good chance it will infect it. Go to the virus and malware section of the board for specific scanning and cleaning tips for the drive before you attempt to open or transfer any data from it.
If the second (clean) USB drive doesn't work, reboot the PC with the USB drive removed and try again. If it still fails, go to http://fixitcenter.support.microsoft.com/Portal and download the Beta version of Microsoft's Fix-It Tool. XP SP3 had a few bugs; this tool fixes many of them.
Hello everyone. Nowadays, I see on this forum people are discussing about the CD/DVD issues on L30/L300/L350. I would like to share my experience on this issue and hope everyone shares your experience as well.
My laptop are Toshiba L30 PSL33 and Toshiba L300 PSLB2E. I am lucky that I have no problem with CD/DVD discs/drives as I can read/write/play CD/DVD smoothly. However, I used to have some problems with CD/DVD drive on my notebook. Here is my experience.
1) Make sure there is no other CD/DVD softwares on your computer (except the orginal software from Toshiba). Especially to those who have been used to using Nero. If you have problems, try to remove Nero and test with the one supported by Windows
2) If you still have problems, try to update the firmware of the DVD drive. It can be done by visiting the Toshiba Support Driver site (http://eu.computers.toshiba-europe.com/). Check what drive you have by looking at the Device Manager. Download the newest firmware from there and update your drive.
3) My last solution. If you have Vista pre-installed, try to get a XP version on your computer and do not install any other software. Test/copy a CD by using windows writing tool to see whether the problem is solved or not.
In my opinion. the main reasons you may encournter are: there are CD/DVD drives have XP firmware base and need to be updated so that they can be used in Vista; or there are software like Nero and PowerDVD are causing the conflict between the ACPI con... Read more
My house-mate recently bought a Toshiba Satellite A60 laptop machine. It appears to have a bit of an issue booting correctly.On 60-75% of boot attempts the result is an error meesage indicating the driver for the onboard ATI display adapater could not start correctly and that the system will restart. On this second reboot the system invariably starts normally.Any ideas on what could be the issue? Does this machine require a BIOS update?.. or perhaps it is an issue brought on by the patching of the preinstalled XP home with service pack2.
I have a BIOS virus and nothing seems to help. First I installed a BIOS version from 1.10 to 1.30(.exe), then I wiped my HDD completely and installed the newest version, which is 1.40. Now I can't reinstall the BIOS, because it says the version is the same as that installed on my laptop(1.40). Is there a flashable BIOS installation for this laptop? I couldn't find one in toshiba europe's driver page.
I have a Toshiba Satellite L505D and had to run the 5 dvd set recovery disk set. It locked up after disk 3 of 5 on original Hard Drive. Just found out after testing Hard Drive it is knocking. I installed New Sata Hard Drive and was going to try to rerun the Recovery DVD's again. Problem: New Drive is detected. However, my usb and dvd rom now do not work so, I am unable to restore to Original state. Any Ideas?
Answer:Issue with Restoring Toshiba Satellite L505D
Hi and welcome to TSF have you tried reseting the bios to default and see if it then allows them to be discovered
Hey I need some help with a Toshiba Satellite C75D-B7230 that I can't seem to get to power up. I thought it was the power switch but that doesn't seem to be the case as I just replaced it and the computer still won't power on. Any ideas what else could be wrong and is it worth fixing?
Hello,I?ve got a Satellite A80 whith buttons to play,stop,rewind and forward in the software preinstalled: windows media player and Intervideo windvd 5. But I?ve desinstalled intervideo 5 (I did?t mean to do it) and installed a updated version Intervideo 7
Does Anyone know how I can continue using this buttons with the new software Intervideo 7.
In the program Toshiba Control is not allowed to anable another video software.
Thank you very much and excuse my englih
Answer:Satellite A80: Issue with Toshiba Control buttons
Hi
Did you check the settings in the ?Toshiba Control Properties??
There you will find two tabs. Please check if the option ?DVD Video Control? in the section ?Select Player? under tabs ?Media Apps? is selected.
There you have to choose WinDVD.
In my street there are several wifi connected properties that use the same provider. Myself included.
My laptop has an issue whereby if it picks up too many of these signals (if they're in use when I'm online I presume), I can't get online (Connection says 'limited' in the Network sidebar). If I un-select 'connect automatically' on the company specific signals, mine works again, briefly. As soon as I select another signal to un-select the previous one defaults to 'selected', and my signal generally goes again.
Main question then; how the heck to do I stop this laptop trying to automatically connect to the other signals? My connection is not a public one, nor are the others. I've looked for an option, but I really can't work out where it is!
Could my TV, which has a modem (like a TIVO) have an effect on it?
I'm using Windows 8, Google Chrome (shouldn't make a difference, but thought I'd mention it).The signal for my property is down as the default.
Thanks for reading, hope you can help!
Andrew.
Answer:Issue with wireless signal on Toshiba Satellite C50-B-13N
I don't understand. Do you have a unique SSID (name of wireless network)? If you do, and have none of the others set for "connect automatically"there should be no attempt to connect to any other network.
Please attach a screen shot of the Networks page (don't collapse the Radar, Connection or Signal History) of the Xirrus Wi-Fi Inspector. If you need help with a screen shot see TSG Posting a Screenshot. FWIW to take screen shots with Windows Vista or latter I prefer to use the built-in Snipping Tool.
hello every one , ( i not so good in english but i will try to explain my probleme ) so i have a toshiba satellite p750-133 , whene i push the start botton it start , LED on , Fan work , but in 5 sec , it shutdown, what's the problem , i checked the bios ( tried the hard reset ) , same problem , so please i realy need my pc , i'm programmer and i can't get new one , NEED YOUR HELP PPLEASE
Hi,I have a Toshiba L660D-144 with 1.60 bios. When i update my windows freeze and i need to turnof the laptop. I can get laptop turning on but i cant enter on bios setup. I know this is a corrupt or incomplete block. I want reflashing bios with same version but the software says i realy have same version and i cannot update.How i can force update bios?
can someone please help me out, my touch pad was working fine last week, however when logging back into my machine the device would not work. I have located the device under hidden devices in device manager.
I have attempted to reinstall the drivers but keep getting the error message of the device may not be available, or some drivers may be missing. Any help that can be provided with this issue would be greatly appreciated.
Please direct me on where to go. I have a Toshiba Satellite U305 running windows Vista Home with SP2. I am trying to connect my Sprint OverdrivePro hotspot wirelessly and will not connect to internet. Connects to the wireless divice with local only connection but not to the internet. I have assured that the wireless is turned on. This happened to another wireless router (netgear) and was wondering if there is a fix. All my drivers are up to date.
Thanks
Answer:Connectivity issue with Toshiba Satellite and OverdrivePro
Might be that your TCP/IP protocol might not be enabled.
With the Sprint OverdrivePro plugged in go to Start type in CMD right click on CMD above select "Run As Administrator"
I purchased a used Toshiba Satellite 1730. The laptop has an ethernet jack in the back. 700mhz/128MB/ATI Rage Mobility/10GB HD in case your wondering.
All hardware is detected by Windows XP with exception of any kind of NIC.
On Toshiba's website there are Mini-PC LAN drivers (for Windows ME), but the spec's for the laptop do not list any NIC. It does list "accessories" and several different NICs though.
Linux is also oblivious to any NIC.
I updated the BIOS for the shear "fun of it" and possible miracle that it might help. No dice there.
Doubt anyone has any ideas, but hey if you have any experience with older Toshiba laptop's maybe you've had an experience like this.
Answer:Toshiba Satellite 1730 - Ethernet Issue
Go to www.lavalys.com and get the free Everest Home Edition.
That should tell you what hardware is in that laptop.
If you open it up, do you see any wires going from NIC-port to mobo, or is it just a dummy-port?
Some models have their active NIC on a docking station. Alternatively, you should be able to get a PCMCIA NIC.
Also check with http://www.sparepartswarehouse.com/Toshiba,Laptop,Network-Interface-(NIC).aspx
I hooked my Toshiba L455d (Windows 7) up to my TV (also a Toshiba) to use for DVDs, Netflix and internet access to TV (ABC/CBS/NBC.com). I used the correct monitor cable and audio cable. Everything works ... except ...
I can't turn the laptop speakers off when the sound is also going through the TV. The TV speakers are louder, but the laptop speakers are loud enough that you can hear them too.
There are two audio plugs on the front of the laptop. One is for headphones. This one doesn't work with the TV. No sound at all. Works with headphones though. According to the Toshiba manual this is OK and how it should work.
The other one is for external speakers and works with the TV. But the laptop speakers work at the same time--well actually with a fraction of second difference, giving an echo quality to the sound. Very odd.
If I mute the laptop it mutes the TV too. I tried going into the sound control window in Windows 7 and all the sliders control both the TV and laptop sound. Not to mention that they tend to go up and down at the same time.
Any thoughts?
Keith
Answer:toshiba satellite L455 audio issue
A few quick corrections: the two jacks on the front are mic and headphones! That's why the one makes no sound--it's an input (mic) not an output. The headphones jack does make sound, just doesn't turn off the speakers. When you plug in the plug to the TV the computer asks what you just plugged in--headphones or a line out. If you chose headphones, the TV speakers don't work. If you choose line out then they do... but so do the PC speakers.
Hey I need some help with a Toshiba Satellite C75D-B7230 that I can't seem to get to power up. I thought it was the power switch but that doesn't seem to be the case as I just replaced it and the computer still won't power on. Any ideas what else could be wrong and is it worth fixing?
Answer:Toshiba Satellite laptop power issue
Power Supply tested with a multimeter to make sure it works is a start. If the power supply is bad then the laptop wont work without it unless the battery has a charge.How did you replace the power switch on a laptop?
I receive a e-mail from webadmin about the last release of the dvd player for my Satellite x200.
When i run the setup i receive an error message:
TOSHIBA DVD PLAYER
This application cannot be installed on this computer.
Setup will be aborted.
When i also try to play any dvd or from folder with the preinstalled TOSHIBA HD DVD PLAYER
I receive this:
Unable to output the video to an external device. please switch your display device by pressing Fn + F5 keys after ending this application.
I switch it to HDMI output but stil the same error. Cannot play either in my TV or my Laptop monitor
with 2 words i can either the one or other way can see any dvd in my portable unless i install an external player like NERO Show Time Lets say or play it windows media center dvd player.
Win vista premium preinstalled
satellite x200-15k
Greets
Answer:Satellite X200-15k & Toshiba DVD Players issue
Hi
I have read about the same issue somewhere in this forum. I didn?t find the thread but I can remember that the Toshiba HD DVD player placed on the Toshiba driver page is only the patch (update).
So you will need the original Toshiba HD DVD which was preinstalled on the system to run the update.
I presume Toshiba don?t want to public the full version due to the copyrights policy.
The switching to the other external device works only if the HD DVD player was disabled. But the playing on both devices is not always possible due to the copy function.
Ok, I am fully aware of the black screen of death issue, which I have along with everyone else who didn't pay attention when buying this comp, but this morning I tried to turn it on and I get a blinking battery light, but nothing else. I took out the battery and tired with just the AC Adapter plugged in, no blinking light, nothing. With the adapter unplugged and the battery in, I still get the blinking light. So I figured it had to be the adapter. I went out and bought a new adapter, but no dice. Anyone else have this problem? Know any possible way to fix this or what's causing it?
Answer:Toshiba Satellite A215 power issue
Bad motherboard... Or broken DC jack. You could try removing the hard drive and see if the notebook posts
My Toshiba laptop was working fine with the AC adapter plugged in (the battery was on it's last breath and would not charge at all, so I always had to keep it plugged it). I had to move so I unplugged the laptop (did not shut down). After the move I tried turning it on and it would not.
The AC Led light is on, so it's not the adapter.
The Battery light is amber and flickering (it wasn't flickering before)
When I press the power button to power up the laptop - the Power and the CD/DVD Led lights go on, but not the HD light. And the screen stays blank.
I hear no sounds, seems the HD is completely dormant.
There are a few files on the HD that I absolutely have to have. I'm not too concerned with getting the laptop to be operational, I just need to get those files and the laptop can be recycled.
Any ideas? How to get it to power up at least once, so I could copy the files?
Answer:Toshiba Satellite power issue with AC adapter pluged in
Try taking the battery out of the laptop and powering the laptop on (with the AC adapter plugged in obviously). Another option for recovering the files would be to get an adapter to connect the laptop drive to a usb port on another pc.
inherited a laptop with a weird issue. internal dvd burner drive works for one use only. after you watch a movie, install a program, copy music/movie to your hard drive, the drive just dies. nothing will fix the issue aside from a hard reboot. i've connected an external drive, both IDE and SATA (have an adapter that will accept both), and they identify immediately, will read multiple discs, ect ect. can even install an OS with the external drive.
im stumped with this issue. i had reinstalled the OS when i got the laptop, drive worked fine, copied many movies (that i legally own to test out the copy issue the previous owner said it had) with no issues. a few days later, drive will only read once then refuses to read anything else.
the first thing i thought of was perhaps the mechanism that moves the lazer back to its starting point had crapped out.. but i have no real way to rest this. when the drive dies, insertion of a new disc causes it to make its usual whirr whirr reading noise.. but eventually comes back with a redundancy error (cannot read).
ive ordered an external drive off of newegg but was wondering if perhaps this could be motherboard-related.
Answer:weird DVD burner issue, toshiba satellite laptop
DVD Burner maybe is just simply crapping out. You could try to update the firmware on it, maybe.
I'm having trouble fixing a Satellite C50-A Laptop, which was running Windows 8.1.
The main issue is a 'no bootable disk' error message.
The secondary issue, which is stopping me solving the first issue, is difficulty using the Toshiba USB recovery disk.
Any suggestions or advice on either of these problems would be much appreciated.
Troubleshooting this PC so far........................
The laptop has only had 13 months of light use.
I have no idea what caused the initial issue, but it's now giving a 'no bootable disk' error message.
( I'm not at all clear on how these recovery partitions are supposed to work. And I'm not familiar with UEFI / Secure Boot etc. Does this error message mean that the boot partition and the recovery partition both became corrupted simultaneously? Or are there some main boot files which might have become corrupt? )
I used a Linux live CD to access the drive, read-only, and managed to recover data. This would suggest to me that CD, CPU and RAM are all working okay, and the disk is still accessible. I'm not sure if this is a correct assumption.
It looks as if Windows has got itself mangled during some quick hibernate process, but I'm not competent enough to troubleshot a Toshiba partition / Windows 8.1 corruption issue from Linux.
So I reset the BIOS after using the Linux CD, and purchased a Toshiba USB Recovery stick.
Ideally, I'd like to just repair Windows, if that is all that is broken, and leave everything else as it was. ... Read more
Here is my issue. I have a Toshiba Satellite 6100 that needs a new CMOS "RTC" battery. At the same time, the hard drive will not boot into windows. I can get as far as the screen that asks if I would like to boot into safe mode, or start windows normally. After I select one the computer is freezes.
Now, I have tried to install two "working" hard drives with no luck. I keep getting a IDE #0 error during the POST. I know both of these drives are working as I have tested them in different laptops.
I have set all of the BIOS settings to default after installing each drive.
The only thing I can think of is that the CMOS battery is playing a part in this.
Anyone have any input.
Antil0ck
Answer:Toshiba Satellite 6100 hard drive issue
since your CMOS needs replacing, the BIOS is resetting and forgetting your hard drive bootup. replace the battery. Then reseat the drive and reset bios to what it should be. You should not have issues after that.
Hi. I've been having a problem with the left arrow key on my laptop computer (see title for model), and this only started happening today. The key now requires a much greater amount of pressure than usual for it to do anything; I practically have to mash it. Just so you know, I protect my computer fiercely and make sure not to spill anything on it, but there is a certain amount of free-floating pet hair in the house. Also, my laptop is one that allows you to remove individual keys (to say nothing for the little rubber jobbies underneath them). I'm at my wit's end and would like to avoid buying a replacement internal keyboard on EBay or even a hulking external one. Is there any way I can fix this? I'd really appreciate it if someone could help me out here.
Answer:Toshiba Satellite M45-S351 laptop keyboard issue
You can try removing and cleaning it, per Toshiba instructions, or blowing it out with compressed air. If the electrical contact is failing a replacement maybe the only option. Some laptops are easier to work on than others.
Tech Support Guy System Info Utility version 1.0.0.4OS Version: Microsoft Windows 10 Pro, 64 bitProcessor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-5200U CPU @ 2.20GHz, Intel64 Family 6 Model 61 Stepping 4Processor Count: 4RAM: 8111 MbGraphics Card: Intel(R) HD Graphics 5500, 1024 MbHard Drives: C: 930 GB (679 GB Free);Motherboard: FF50, 06F2Antivirus: Windows Defender, Enabled and Updated=======================================================================After the most recent windows 10 update , my battery has not been displaying correctly , my battery icon still shows in the task bar , but the percentage never changes. it always just shows 99% , even after hours. I would like to know if there's a way I can fix this , as frankly I would like to know when I have to plug my laptop in. As I use it away from an outlet quite often. can anyone please help me? so far , all iv done is checked to make sure my drivers were up to date , and they are. So I'm not quite sure what the issue is.
I have a power up issue with my Toshiba Satellite A505-S6033. About a month ago my laptop suddenly shutoff and is showing no power incoming/charging. When I try removing the charger and plug and holdong down the power button it ends up not doing anything andiI've tried for about 5 mins. It does however light up for a split second when I remove the battery and plug the adapter in; it makes the power led flicker red and out again. I'm thinking it was just fried/motherboard dead but since its lighting up I'm hoping that's not the case.
Ok I have done a ton of research online about what could be wrong with my laptop. But I cant find anything about my situation. When I plug the charger in I get a blue charge light on and it stays on. I dont have a battery so I cant tell you if it will charge. But to my knowledge I dont even need a battery to turn on the laptop. I can use AC. When I hit the power button the power light next to the charge light turns on for 5-10 seconds and then shuts off. I can do this over and over till I am blue in the face. By the way when i hit the power button nothing happens inside the laptop at all. No sound or movement. Now i have tried to hold the power button with out it being plugged in for 30 secs to 3 mins and still the same routine. I reseated the memory and also taken out the hard drive and DVD drive. Still nothing. Can someone help me to troubleshoot this machine.
PS does the fingerprint reader have anything to do with it not turning on?
Answer:Toshiba Satellite P205 S6337 Power Issue.
the fingerprint reader is for after post so not to actually turn it onrunning off ac all the time may have knackered the connectrion where the power goes to mobo and also your cmos will be suffering also do you not get anything at all on the screen not even for a second?
My Toshiba sound/video seems to be on it's way out. All i get is crackling and video quality is slow and choppy. This has happened in the past but magically restores to good quality for no apparent reason. At start up sometimes the computer sounds like a Harley revving it's engine. The headphone jack gets the same crackling so I was thinking it isn't just the speakers. Do i need a new motherboard?I can still surf web and perform basic functions with it, just no sound/video.Any help is appreciated.Thanks
I have a Toshiba Satellite A100-065 notebook with Mocrosoft Vista operating system. Every now and then, I get a message on top of my screen stating "Toshiba Flash Cards are not responding". I have to close the message before I can proceed. What could be the problem and how can this be resolved?
Would appreciate any help out there.
Regards,
Gulam
Answer:Toshiba Flash Cards issue with Satellite A100-065
Hi,
maybe because powersaving issues? Could be possible that the system is switching the flashcardreader or is stopping the flashcardservice due to this powersaving settings.
Just a little suggestion: remove all flashcard related tools/drivers, download the latest versions of that software from the toshiba website
(http://eu.computers.toshiba-europe.com/cgi-bin/ToshibaCSG/download_drivers_bios.jsp) and reinstall it.
Hi,i'm having problem to install Audio Card driver on Toshiba Satellite L40-139, i installed windows XP With SP3 all the other drivers working fine, but i'm unable to install the sound card driver, i tried all king of drivers from toshiba site and from ither sites, i installed some pathces from microsoft (KB835221 & KB888111) but still nothing.
Answer:Toshiba Satellite L40-139 - Sound Card XP driver issue
i found a solution, the problem was with KB888111 that is not working with SP3
the soultion is:
1. On the reference PC change the CSDVersion registry key to reflect XP SP2:
a. HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Windows\CSDV ersion value=200 (use
512 when scripting)
Hi,I'm a complete novice i'm afraid so bear with me...The Toshiba Service Station told me to update Toshiba Display Utility. The comments said I'd have to manually uninstall this component in order to for the updated component to install. So I uninstalled this item but then the updated version was no longer there for me to install.How do I get this back? Step by step guidance please.....
Hello. I recently had an issue with a Toshiba laptop that has me a bit concerned. On the 28th of July, I had decided to put my Satellite on standby to focus on other things at the moment sometime that afternoon. Normally, this didn't cause any problems and I was in fact, able to save energy. However, though, early that evening, something did unfortunately go wrong. I pressed the power button, which 'woke' the PC and got me back to the login screen. I entered my password, and for a bit things seemed to be going well. And then it locked up in the middle of the process. I waited a couple of minutes, but to no avail; I was forced to reboot.After that, everything seemed to be okay at first, but then, to my dismay, the 'System Failure' dialog came up. I let everything run its course, and after about half an hour, it finally came up with the System Restore option. I agreed to it, and let it restart. Unfortunately, just when I thought everything was okay, I noticed my internet connection was no longer available. And neither was anything else network related, for that matter. Not even Help & Support could start. I soon discovered the ISATAP driver had stopped working(code 31 error), but I doubt this was the only problem now; eventually, I discovered that although initial boot-up wasn't affected, it now took up to 5 minutes for Windows to load. 5 minutes!
My Toshiba Satellite Radius 12 P20W-C-106 has a display pixelation issue: in videos, in dark or black scenes, images gets blocky, pixelated, also color contouring appears. The experience in watching a movie or a youtube video is painful.
I have no idea why is causing this. I switched all color profiles in Chroma Tune, also I have used a ICC profile (X-Rite i1 Pro) and the problem appears in all profiles. Maybe is a problem of calibration but I did not get to the bottom of this yet.
I have attached 2 images: check the jacket of the guy in the left (Sopranos) and the right side of the face of the monster (Star Wars).
I have a Toshiba satellite a305d-s6848. The specs for this can be found
here: reviews.cnet.com/laptops/toshiba-satellite-a305d-s6848/4507-3121_7-33088925.html (Sorry for no link, but I am apparently not allowed to do that yet.
I bought it new and it came with windows vista. A couple years later I upgraded to windows 7. Upgrading to the new OS was fine, but then later I needed to upgrage yet again to 64 bit. This, unfortunately was not as easy and I need to wipe the drive clean and start fresh.
Now there are a couple issues with the host controllers, the main being that I keep getting warnings saying that the devices I plug in can run faster if I were to use a high speed port (2.0). This confuses me because the USB ports are 2.0, but they are acting like they are 1.1. I have done everything I can think of to get these to function correctly, but nothing I do seems to work.
The second issue (which isn't as annoying) is that when I move the screen, the sound for connect / disconnect a USB device is played and the little popup for "new device connected" is shown. I am unsure why the screen is acting like it's a USB device. I have disabled the notifications and sounds for all ports now, but I would kind of like to know why this is happening.
Do anyone know how I can solve these problems? I have checked multiple forums, and have been searching for an answer for about 3 months now with no luck. I think I have provided enough information, but if a... Read more
hello dears ...i just bought a new laptop which is toshiba L series with embaded AMD R7 M260 Graphis card 2 GB and i dawnload the driver from AMD site and install ...but cant even open AMD redion settings i also tried to clean all drivers and install again and again still not working so please anyone who can help me ....
Not 100% sure that this is a hardware issue but that's my best guess after everything else that I've tried....
I am no longer able to type double letters/numbers or even use the backspace or arrow keys properly. If I try to type double letters (for example, the t's in letter), I have to either hit the space bar and then the backspace key to get the cursor back to the proper position after the first t to continue typing the next t or I have to arrow back to just before the first t that I typed so that it will allow me to type the second t then hit the END key to get the cursor back to the correct position to continue typing. (Hopefully that made sense!)
But the really strange, and frustrating, part about this is that this issue does not happen if I hold down the shift key while I type.
I have already tried the following in hopes of correcting this issue:Adjust my key's typing delay speed - no changeTurn of my filter/sticky keys - no changeClean out my keyboard - no changeUninstall my keyboard driver and reboot - no changePerform a system reset - no change
Anyone have additional ideas to solve this problem or what the issue may be?
Answer:Keyboard Issue on a Toshiba Satellite c55t-c5300 Laptop
try an external usb keyboard to narrow down whether its hardware or software
2 years ago i bought this laptop, and 6 months ago its was very lazy, so i upgrade it to win7 and now with in 5 months its laziest then before, what i need is factory restore so i get back my original winVista which is in Recovery Partation hidden drive, in Manuel its says turn off lapy and then turn on keep pressing F8 there will be option for Computer repair, etc, but there is no such option while i do that, then i did some google search where it says turn of lapy and press hold (Zero) Numeric (0) and press turn on which will take u direct to repair, i did that too but there i get these options
I have a satellite notebook and I recently installed 3 programmes and I was asked to restart. On restarting, the Toshiba logo appears and then the screen goes blank, it does not load any further. The HDD is not running but power is on. Thank you
I'm new here so I'm not sure if I'm in the correct forum or not, if I'm not I apologise.
I have a Satellite P200-1EE and have been trying to play dvds on the Toshiba HD DVD Player but every time I attempt to it comes up with a error message saying "An error has occurred in audio output settings. Please check that the sound driver is set up properly."
I've tried updated the sound drivers but it tells me I have the best drivers already installed.
Please also check the Toshiba European driver page and choose your notebook model.
There is a HD DVD Player patch v4.32.00.
The other HD DVD Player version 4.51.07 is a full version and if the patch will not work then you should install the full version.
I've just registered so forgive me if I've posted this question in the wrong place.
I have a Satellite P200-1jv and I could play dvd's on it no problem. Now when i try to play a dvd using the Toshiba player I get a message coming up that states +*Unable to output the video to an external device. Please switch your display device by pressing the Fn +F5 keys after ending this application+*
I bought the M50-A-110 model and tried to replace the HDD with a Samsung 840 Pro SSD. The notebook didn't recognize the SSD, so I sent it to the local Toshiba service for inspection.
They discovered that the laptop doesn't recognize ANY of the newer SSDs (they tried Samsun, Intel, Crucial, Kingston and Seagate SSDs). They checked, and I have the newest possible BIOS so this can't be a problem, and all the SSDs worked fine on other computers.
Does anybody know how to fix this mess?
Does Toshiba have a beta BIOS that I could try?
Any other idea would be welcome as well.
As a longtime Toshiba user, I must say that I'm a bit disappointed. I mean I work in IT, and this is the first-time something like this has happened to me with a brand-new product.
Answer:Satellite M50-A-110 doesn't recognize new SSDs?
I'm about to buy a M50D-A-103 and the first thing I want to do is to replace the HDD by a SSD.
If this is not possible this is a reason to not buy it. Hopefully Toshiba will reply to this thread soon.
I am getting into a big trouble for some reason, all the keys from "F1~F12" are malfunctioned. When i press them, they do not work as what its suppose to do, instead they all became the functions that you would have when you press them while holding the "Fn" key. So, now if i press F1, I actually get a compter locked instead of casting the help window. Pressing "U,I,O,J,K,L,M" would print out numbers, but if you turn "ON" the numberpad by pressing "F11"(note that i could do it without holding Fn), these keys will return to normal. Space bar does not work no matter what you do. The numbers "1,2" above "Q,W" does not work either.
Another thing i found out is that when i try to open the accessibility tools in the toshiba utility. It says "This system does not support this program".
I have tried to find updates to these utilities, but i could not find the ones suitable for my toshiba. I went to the toshiba support page, click on download and it prompts me to select my toshiba laptop and model number. However, from the list of toshiba satellite U300, there is only 3 models and none of them is PSU30C-TP908C. I did not know which one is compatible with my model, so i gave up finding the updates.
Another thing that i have tried is to return to factory state with the system recovery discs given by the f... Read more
Normally you can find all drivers on the Toshiba Canada page for your notebook:
http://www.toshiba.ca => Support => Mobile Computing
For the FN keys on Windows you need the Value Added Package. You can find it on the Toshiba website. Remove the old version and restart the notebook. Then use CCleaner to clean the registry and then install the version.
But be honest if you can?t go in the BIOS because with F2 I think it?s a keyboard malfunction and this has nothing to do with the Toshiba tools.
In your case I would test an external keyboard? So you can determine if it?s an internal keyboard problem or not.
I recently acquired a brand new barely used Toshiba satellite c55t and I slapped a 500gb ssd evo850 in it and reinstalled everything upgraded it from a windows8 pro I had. Then formated it and reinstalled windows 10 clean. I installed CIS Pro did the windows updates. And all of the sudden it started booting into PXE mode before windows booted. So I got into this atrocious UEFI Shell they have for this thing and looked around for the lan in boot sequence. The boot order was fine with Lan being last. Now I said the uefi shell was bad b/c I can't remove Lan from the boot sequence list. So it keeps booting PXE before windows and it gives me the option to hit esc and cancel out of it, I always do but its a pita and I'm wondering how I stop this from coming up when I can't remove it in the BIOS. If I straight up turn the LAN adapter off it works but then the LAN doesn't work at all so I'm basically stuck. Maybe someone has more insight on this issue I did a bunch of googling and I came up with nothing: everyone wants you to remove the Lan option from boot sequence...Well what if I can't?
Answer:Recently was given a toshiba satellite c55t and clean slated it but I'm getting a weird Bios Issue
Not 100%, but the best I've got;
1. On another computer, download the official LAN driver from the Toshiba support website. On Toshiba laptop, go to Device Manager, uninstall LAN driver and driver software (tick). Install the official driver. Reboot into BIOS. Set to defaults. Reboot.
2. Set BIOS to default. Clean format.
PXE usually points to a HDD issue. But you say your computer boots just fine if LAN is disabled? That seems super odd to me. I'm not sure if it is software or hardware. My two cents until someone that knows what they're talking about shows up.
I have a 4gb cruzer thumb drive I labeled as "4gb drive". I also have a printer which I connect via usb when I need to print something. I labeled the printer as "printer". The thumb drive is the J-drive and the printer is the H-drive. The problem is somehow my laptop has confused the two. It calls the printer "4gb drive" and the thumb drive as "printer". Both items function without issue. I just can't rename them. How do I rename each item? When I right click the icon, then rename the icon it goes back to the wrong name.
I have a 4gb cruzer thumb drive I labeled as "4gb drive". I also have a printer which I connect via usb when I need to print something. I labeled the printer as "printer". The thumb drive is the J-drive and the printer is the H-drive. The problem is somehow my laptop has confused the two. It calls the printer "4gb drive" and the thumb drive as "printer". Both items function without issue. I just can't rename them.How do I rename each item? When I right click the icon, then rename the icon it goes back to the wrong name.
Answer:Sandisk cruzer issue
Sounds like maybe your mount manager is confusing them, have you tried re- setting up the printer to see if that fixes the problem?
I do wan't to point out this is probably not where you want to post this question, you would have better luck if you posted this in the , "Other Software" or "Hardware" section of the site, as this is not a development question...
Hi, I've just bought a 256GB SanDisk X400, M.2 SSD, SATA III for my XPS 13 9343. I have just installed it and switched on the machine. The bios is saying "MiniCard SSD Device = (none). Obviously the Windows 10 install can't see anything either. Is this drive incompatible with this laptop? Should I be replacing it with a Samsung 250GB 850 EVO M.2 SATA SSD instead?
Answer:XPS 13 with 256GB SanDisk X400 M.2 SSD Issue
You need the SATA version for this model - yes. The newest XPS 13 supports PCIe/NVMe drives, but the older one you have does not.
I HAVE AN A500 SATELLITE LAPTOP.
VERY NEW TO THE LAPTOP WORLD AND DISAPPOINTED THAT MY SIX MONTH OLD COMPUTER HAD TO HAVE THE HARD DRIVE REPAIRED.
MY QUESTION IS:
I HAD TO SAVE SOME PROGRAMS SUCH AS MY I TUNES LIBRARY AND MY SONS GAMES ETC ON TO MY SANDISK.
I HAVE NOW PUT THE DATA INTO A FOLDER IN MY DOCUMENTS BUT CANT WORK OUT HOW TO RELOAD THESE PROGRAMS FROM THE FOLDER.
ANY HELP WOULD BE GREAT.
THANKS
Answer:Re: Satellite A500 - How to recover data from sandisk
Hi
I assume you have copied the single applications which were placed in C:\Programs Files folder to the SD card. Is it right?
Well, usually it?s not possible to copy these programs again and then to start it?
The point is that this will not work because such programs should be installed firstly on the HDD.
You can copy just some ?stand alone? files like movies, pictures, mp3 file, data files? but you can not copy (copy and past) the software?
Hello there.I have a Sandisk Cruzer usb and I accidentally erased the file that came on the usb itself and now the device is unreadable to some of my other devices (DVD Player, media players, ect.). I tried looking at the sandisk website for help, I tried google for about an hour and still can't find any thing thats even relevant to this matter. So if anyone knows how to fix this please help, I really need the usb to work again.
In my opinion Sandisk is one of the best brands for USB sticks and I have two of them. They work perfectly. Unfortunately I didn't use them for recovery media due to low capacity.
> I read on another Toshiba forum that Sandisk USBs don't work and that you have to use a different brand.
To be honest I don?t believe this. Is your USB stick recognized properly when you connect it to your notebook? Have you noticed this issue with Recovery Media Centre only?
first off, I hope I am posting this in the right sub-section. If not, I apologize (and feel free to move it to the relevant section).
My general query is to do with SSDs and Bitlocker encryption.
Description:
I recently upgraded my primary SSD (with boot and OS partitions) from an entry-level Kingston 120GB SSDNow V300 to a 240GB SanDisk Extreme PRO SSD, hoping that I would notice some improvement, if not in real-life usage then at least in benchmarks, despite my primary goal for this upgrade being the increase in disk space.
Issue:
The problem is that not only did I not see any improvement, but the results were worse than before.
The only difference between the two disks is that the first had Bitlocker AES-128 with diffuser, and the second has Bitlocker AES-256 with diffuser. Everything else in the build remains unchanged.
I understand that moving to AES-256 means taking a hit in performance, but I assumed that the better (and newer) SSD would compensate for this.
I read through all the relevant threads on this forum (like this one) as well as through other sites on the net. My understanding is that software encryption and SSDs (especially those with a controller that is designed for compression of data, like the SandForce on my original Kingston V300) do not go hand in hand.
However, my Sandisk SSD has a Marvell controller, which I take it does better with data that cannot be compressed (i.e. encrypted), so that should not be the issue.
I have this laptop that when u plug in the power cable the computer freeze and if u have it plug in will not turn on. If u unplug it will turn on and when u plug it will freeze. The issue is u cant use it plug in so u only can use it without the power cable on, need to charge computer and recharge to be able to use it. Like if when u plug it in made a contact with something or takes to much load of energy that causes to freeze or dont go up. Thinking can be the power plug inside conection with the motherboard? any suggestions?
Answer:Toshiba Satellite A205-S5804 Power problem issue anyone had this problem?
What type of ac adapter do you have, voltages and have you tried another type of ac adapter ?
I don't know for sure, but... it sounds like something is wrong with the ac jack.
Those can be replaced easily if you know how to solder, the part will cost less 7 dollars USA wise but shipping to you might be another issue due to your location.
Hi there, I have a toshiba A75 laptop that does not boot when on ac power without a battery beyond bios. It shows the splash screen but then dies on normal boot.
When I have the battery in and the unit is powered off It does charge the battery.
When the battery is fully charged, it will run and boot into windows but does not recognize the ac power at all. It just drains the battery, then when the battery is at 0 it shuts off and this is while connected to AC power and the LED see's the AC power.
When on AC power I can boot into bios and it will sit there for days without a battery, but when I try to get to the OS it just shuts down. I have replaced the mobo twice. I have replaced the hard drive as well. The odd part is that with the hard drive out of the laptop, I can get the laptop to run with out any power failures. It just recycles the media device failure message but does not crash.
I have tested the power supply on other laptops and it seems to work just fine.
Any one have any ideas?
Answer:Toshiba Satellite A75 boot/power issue with AC power
Since you have replaced the system board twice, this probably does not apply to you... but we have seen a number of Toshibas with the same or similar motherboard where the power jack on the board became loose or disconnected. A new jack had to be obtained and soldered back into position. If you bought used boards or refurbished boards, this difficult jack problem could have been the cause. It requires a special cold solder technique and is awkward to access, but when done properly by an experienced tech, it can save a laptop.There are several Dell Inspirons and Sony laptops with the similar problem.We have seen costs in a shop as high as $160 for this repair... but the part is only $6.00 so I don't know how they justify the high cost.
Perform the following steps:
-Remove the battery and Power adapter
-Press and hold the power button for 30-45 seconds (with battery and power still removed)
-Insert just the battery and attempt to boot the laptop.
-Insert just the power adapter and attempt to boot the laptop.
If still unsuccessful: Remember to remove battery and power before removing/installing components
-Remove the power and battery
-Remove the hard drive from the laptop and attempt to boot with the battery installed. Do you receive any error message?
-Remove the memory modules from the laptop
-Insert just the battery and attempt to start the laptop (you should receive beep error)
-Try inserting just one module of memory and test (swapping modules after each attempt)
-Remove the optical drive and test.
-Try disconnecting the CMOS battery for a few minutes then re-connect and try.
Hi, My laptop cannot tell me any post after the Toshiba logo just black screen. Cannot get into the bios or anything... These are the things I have tried: Taken hard drive out,Taken ram out and only tried one.. Taken Battery Cmos battery out for a few minutes.. Had a look at the motherboard and fan is not even working when I turn it on.. I have taken the cpu and put it back in.. Defiantly Sounds like the motherboard problem but want to know if its just a chip that needs to be replaced and soldered.. If anyone has any ideas that will be awesome.
Greetings, I am trying to update my Toshiba Satellite P50-C-11M through the Service Station, however an error occurs. Please note the laptop is roughly a week old only.
As I press install on the updates I get the following message: "The software update download operation failed. Reason: Retrieving the COM class factory for component with CLSID {4991D34B-80A1-4291-83B6-3328366B9097}.
I tried the following solutions and nothing worked:1. Updated the BIOS Independently from the Toshiba Europe Website.2. Uninstalled the Service Station and reinstalled it again.
I had been using Toshiba A30 for a pretty long time but I had some serious problems and contacted local Customer Support Dept... But I thought it's better to contact Toshiba Europe or Toshiba Worldwire regarding my concern...
What a strange question?.
If you have some problems with you notebook you have to contact the authorized service provider in your country.
The technicians should help you.
But listen; if your notebook is out of warranty (and I think it is) you will have to pay for the reparation!!
About a month ago I was on my notebook browsing clipart on Office.Microsoft.com when a window popped up in the lower right corner (taskbar). The only anti-virus I was using was Windows Defender and running IOBit360.
I will tell you what I remember. The window borders in the pop up were red, it presented itself as a Microsoft Windows product and it stated I was infected with a virus. There were 2 or 3 buttons to click and I clicked one of them which prompted me to buy the product, I did not do this. I closed the window, again and again, and downloaded several anti-virus, anti-spyware, and anti-malware free programs in addition to system optimization software. Several threats were found and removed (unfortunately I do not have the logs for these events) but the startup was getting slower and slower and I believe my settings were being hijacked. Over the last several weeks, I did a little amateur investigation to see what was running in the task manager. I came across a process that I was not familiar with and that I had not seen previously, taisregistpinger.exe. I performed about a half dozen factory restores which only seemed to make things worse until on 3/12/2011 after the last factory restore on the original factory hard drive, the desktop was now a blue screen with big bold red font that read: WARNING, your computer is now infected with malware/spyware (I can't remember). It had a coupl... Read more
I have a Toshiba Satellite laptop. I think it became infected with ad ware. I removed the ad ware with anti virus software, but now my laptop runs very slow. I'm trying to use my Toshiba recovery disk to erase everything and reboot the whole computer. when I put in the recovery disk in, it starts the process but then it says NTLDR is missing and wont complete the process.Is there anyone out there who knows what this means and could help me with this.
Hello,My friend's in the market for a new computer; for various reasons, it looks like Toshiba will be the brand of choice.(foremost among them being local-area service/support in Indonesia, where she'll be for 3+ years).That said, the only Toshibas that we've been able to get some hands-on 'look and feel' sessions with werethe Satellites (i.e. the entry-level machines); they were... OK... the build quality felt... well, retail-ish =pAnyone have experience with the next tier up, the Satellite Pro models?Presumably the build quality is at least on par with the Satellites; any better? Appreciablly better, that is?If simply on par, she may as well get a Satellite and take her chances...Thoughts?Thanks in advance.
I didn't find the right solution from the internet.-- Edited by Admin: -- advert links have been removed - not allowed
Initially, may have said that the SSD in X1 Carbons were Sandisk SSDs, and that they performed very poorly on 4K speed tests - which are true when one looks at these reviewers doing 4K tests. So...that's a bummer. Then, someone posted a teardown picture of the inside of an X1Carbon, which showed a Toshiba SSD. Which SSD is the one that will go inside the consumer X1 Carbons rather than the reviewers' early samples? Confusing. Whichever one it is, is it any good including its poor 4K performance? I mean real life performance: any good? Also, most say the LCD is rather nice on the x1C. they mostly said that for a 14", the 1600x900 hits an excellent sweetspot. the Z 2012's 1080 was downright annoying when i tried it out last week because on every single website, one needed to do Control ++++++ to increase the size, otherwise, you'd not be able to read it!! 1080 is too much resolution for a 13.1" LCD on the Z 2012. Then, the Engadget review just posted today says that one sees space around each pixel on the x1c's LCD!! they didn't quite like the LCD on the x1C!!! can that be true? or is that an early reviewer's sample?? Highly conflicting points of views, right? i can't believe that the pitch is so poor on the 14" 1600x900. that just doesn't sound right to me. any ideas from the good folks on this forum? thx i... Read more
Would an A60 LCD screen work properly on a Satellite A75? I'm watching a system on ebay and it has a faulty screen. I have a working screen from a Satellite A60, and I would like to use it on the A75 system.
Would an A60 LCD screen work properly on a Satellite A75? I'm watching a system on ebay and it has a faulty screen. I have a working screen from a Satellite A60, and I would like to use it on the A75 system.Thanks!
Answer:Can a Toshiba Satellite A60 LCD Screen Be Installed On a Satellite A75?
It depends on the type and resolution of the screen...You may want to consult Toshiba Support regarding this question.
Hmmm, okay. As a writer my editor wishes me to use a template to write in. I open the saved .rtf template file, save it under the book name and start working.When I save the file I am working in, the page changes from .rtf to compatibility mode and I get an information box that says, The following features in this document are not supported by earlier versions of Word. These features may be lost or degraded when you save this document in an earlier file format. Click continue to save the document. To keep all your features click cancel and save the file in one of the new file formats. Under that there is a space and it tells me;Summary: Some custom properties that are stored in this document will be lost. Number of occurrences: 1.Even when I save the document in a new .rtf file, I get the same message box. My question is, does that box mean that there is an issue with the way my editor formatted the template or is there an issue with my software? I have checked the Word update pages and it tells me everything is up to date, which makes me think that it is in the way my editor designed the template. My editor and I have discussed this issue and she sent me a new formatted template, and I still get the information box. Can anyone confirm or deny my thought?
Thanks in advance for taking the time to look into this. Is ATI Radeon HD 5850 compatible with my current PC and do I have the space to add it? Acer Aspire AX3910-U2032 is the current PC I am using. I know this is a fairly simple or stupid question but I just wanted to be sure before I buy it. Thank you again for your time.
Recently I have built my first computer (yay!) but it seems that something is not 100% correct compatibility wise. I have an Apple TV so I have iTunes installed as my default app for music / movies.My headset is a Razer (with jacks) which sounds fine when I'm chatting on Skype / TS but when i want to listen to music or watch vid clips on YouTube the sound is choppy and distorted.First I thought that it was the headset so I bought a new Logitech (usb) -- same issue, distorted, choppy and bloody annoying.Is there a setting that i need to change or is the comp faulty?The motherboard is a MSI A88 gaming mATX fm2+ and the CPU is a AMD Athlon X4 860K
thank you for the assistance, I'm all out of ideas :/
Kat
Answer:Compatibility issue?
Likely a driver issue. Ensure you have all of the motherboard drivers installed and that you are using the latest versions. The motherboard drivers should be manually downloaded and installed, don't rely on Windows or Update. Windows often doesn't install all of the drivers for your hardware, nor the latest version.
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HEAD OFFICE
In Chhattisgarh the Corporation was set up with a view to bringing an end to monopoly
of private sector in foreign liquor trade and to providing quality liquor and to
bringing revenue to the government. With these objectives the Chhattisgrh State
Beverages Corporation Ltd. was set up on 29-11-2001. The Corporation started its
wholesale business in foreign liquor from January, 2002. The Corporation collects
the foreign liquor in its Raipur, Bilaslpur Godown after purchasing it from the
foreign liquor manufactures/suppliers and sells it to the retailers after getting
issue price. Before handing it over, the Corporation also collects T.C.S. and deposits
it to the income tax head.
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Stanford University alumnus Condoleezza Rice celebrates with Stanford Cardinal head coach David Shaw after Stanford won the 2013 Rose Bowl game against Wisconsin Badgers 20-14 at the Rose Bowl.... Read MoreRead Less
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The Brave kept the momentum up against Marshfield, battling the Pirates through the midway points of the first two sets (25-18 and 25-14 wins by Marshfield) and leading most of the third before the Pirates rallied from six points down late, clinching the match when Carmen Samuels dumped a kill on Reedsport’s side of the net for a 25-23 win.
The victory prompted a celebration from the Pirates, who had to work hard to avoid a fourth set.
“I think we did amazing,” said Cedar Ward, one of just a few Pirates with extensive varsity experience. “Those last five points, we just pulled together. We were so pumped up.”
Marshfield, which also beat Newport on Tuesday, has yet to lose a set heading into the Cascade tournament on Saturday, when the Pirates could face a number of top Class 4A squads.
“This is kind of a make-or-break week for us — proving to ourselves that we can do it,” Ward said.
The day started well for Marshfield. Karina Skurk had a huge serving run early in the first set and the Pirates cruised through the first two sets against Phoenix before having a battle in the third.
By the end of the match, Skurk and Samuels had six aces each and Ward had 12 kills and Jamie Foster 11.
Marshfield coach Tammie Montiel said the third-set letdown was partly because she switched up her offense a little bit, letting Taylor Londo, the team’s primary setter, get some time hitting and putting Reagan Rhodes into the setter role.
It’s something the Pirates worked on in practice for the first time Wednesday, and that has potential. Londo had six kills and Rhodes six assists in the win over Phoenix.
Reedsport then got its own win against Phoenix, though in much more dramatic fashion.
“All season long, the first two sets, we make a lot of mistakes,” Reedsport coach James Hixenbaugh said. “They got going that third set, and quit giving up free points.”
Reedsport played far better than during the Mount Angel tournament over the weekend and their home jamboree a day earlier.
“That was night and day better,” Seeley said. “Everyone put in the effort. We were all working together and contributing as a team and family.”
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The effort carried over into the match with Marshfield, though Reedsport wasn’t able to keep up through all of the first two sets.
Reedsport led 11-10 in the first set after an ace by Jenna Corcoran before the Pirates pulled away.
Marshfield jumped out to a quick 8-2 lead in the second set before Reedsport pulled within three points numerous times, the last at 22-19 on an ace by Cheyanne McCart.
Ward and Samuels had kills to end the set in Marshfield’s favor.
In the final set, Reedsport’s confidence grew and its offense became more efficient.
Corcoran had four of her six kills in the final set and added an ace and stuff block. Haylee Lent had two kills, and ace and a stuff block.
Corcoran’s stuff block, immediately following one of her kills, gave Reedsport a 22-16 lead and all the momentum.
But Ward had a kill, Aryanna Mill a stuff block, Ward an ace, Makenna Anderson a kill and Ward two more from the back row to tie the match.
Reedsport finally stopped the run on a kill by Lent, but Marshfield got the final three points to round out the match.
Ward said the Brave gave the Pirates a great match.
“We knew they were a scrappy team,” she said. “They held with us. It was a very competitive game.”
Ward had another big match for the Pirates, both with her offense and with her defense. She finished with 10 kills and 10 digs. Foster added seven kills and Anderson had six aces and 10 digs. Londo had 20 assists and three kills.
Riley Wright had five kills and 10 digs for Reedsport. Divinity Farris had 11 digs and Seeley had 15 assists.
Hixenbaugh said he was pleased with Reedsport’s effort during the day, and looking forward to seeing if it carries over when the Brave host the Les Schwab Tournament on Saturday.
“Hopefully we grew a lot tonight,” he said. “That’s been our focus — (not making) mistakes on our side of the net.”
Meanwhile, Montiel was looking forward to seeing how her team fares in the Cascade Tournament, which includes Junction City and Cottage Grove from the Sky-Em League with Marshfield. No. 2 Sweet Home is the highest ranked team in the field.
“It will be interesting to see how they play on Saturday,” she said.
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App Module
Path: /src/app/app.module.ts
Defines the root module, named AppModule, that tells Angular how to assemble the application. Initially declares only the AppComponent. As you add more components to the app, they must be declared here.
Main Index Html File
Path: /src/index.html
The main index.html file is the initial page loaded by the browser that kicks everything off. Webpack bundles all of the javascript files together and injects them into the body of the index.html page so the scripts get loaded and executed by the browser.
Polyfills
Path: /src/polyfills.ts
Some features used by Angular 8 are not yet supported natively by all major browsers, polyfills are used to add support for features where necessary so your Angular 8 application works across all major browsers.
import'core-js/features/reflect';
import'zone.js/dist/zone';
TypeScript tsconfig.json
Path: /tsconfig.json
The tsconfig.json file configures how the TypeScript compiler will convert TypeScript into JavaScript that is understood by the browser. More information is available on the TypeScript docs.
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numb
adj.
c.1400, nome, "deprived of motion or feeling," literally "taken, seized," from past participle of nimen "to take, seize," from Old English niman "to take, catch, grasp" (see nimble). The extraneous -b (to conform to comb, limb, etc.) appeared 17c. The notion is of being "taken" with palsy, shock, and especially cold. Figurative use from 1560s.
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Ato Getahun Nana, the Vice Governor of National Bank of Ethiopia, has been appointed as the President of Development bank of Ethiopia (DBE) by Prime Minister H/Mariam Dessalegn on November 29, 2016.
Ato Getahun Nana, the new President of DBE, was the Vice Governor of Financial Institutions Supervision Cluster in National Bank of Ethiopia for the last 7 years. His Presidency appointment will be effective today on November 30, 2016.
Irrespective of your field of work how would you feel if someone steals your work and profiting from it You will be so mad not only to the person who steal your work but also to the person who bought it or used that work. Well that is what is actually happening to our artists and creative industry on a daily basis.
When the most talked about album of Teddy Afro, Ethiopia released on May 1 2017 500,000 CD copies were printed, to reach his diaspora fans the artist shared on his official page a link to buy his album, his fans calls for a campaign to respect the works of the artist by buying original copies.
But 6 years of waiting, fans commitment to buy original CD, online buying option didn’t stop someone from somewhere in uploading a masterpiece on YouTube. For the person who will probably be Teddy Afro die hard fun it doesn’t matter if the album sold for 200,000 dollar what it matters is that he shared the music. Already YouTube user accounts from abdroid, Bini ጨርቆስ ልጅ and Sami Aki.
Then why should one complain about the quality of works artists put out and why do we expect artist to release album as frequent as Rhianna which is mainly once a year.
Each year, people across the globe take to the streets to commemorate International Workers' Day, or May Day.
In dozens of countries, May Day is an official holiday, and for labour rights campaigners it is particularly important.
In the United States, it is symbolic of past labour struggles against a host of workers' rights violations, including lengthy work days and weeks, poor conditions and child labour.
Why is International Workers' Day on May 1?In the late-19th century, socialists, communists and TRADE unionists chose May 1 to become International Workers' Day.The date was symbolic, commemorating the Haymarket affair, which took place in Chicago, in the US, in 1886.
For years, the working class - often forced to work up to 16 hours a day in unsafe conditions - had been fighting for an eight-hour workday.
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Landscaping Designs Plans
landscaping designs plans allwebco design offering website development hosting promotion and design specializing in small businessesresponsive web design an a list apart article designers have coveted print for its precision layouts lamenting the varying user contexts on the web that compromise their ethan marcotte advocates weatticmag home design decor magazine home design decor magazine large or small modern or antique a stunning garden bench enhances even the most beautiful outdoor space
home decorating photos interior design photos home the largest collection of interior design and decorating ideas online including kitchens and bathrooms over 30000 professional photos of homes and apartments plushome garden the new york times find home garden news on gardening architecture architects flowers plants interior design home repair real estate and furnituredigsdigs interior decorating and home design ideas interior decorating and home design ideas to make your place a better living room bedroom kitchen and other rooms inspirations
favor ideas unique wedding and party favors find out what todays most popular favors are browse our categories and shop online categories include butterfly asian damask edible and bridal favorsaiga design archives browse search and view more than 20000 design pieces dated from 1924 to present and appearing in the aigas annual juried design competitions includes specialdesign you trust design culture society design you trust is a hourly updated collective design blog full of design portfolios photos creative advertisements architectural inspirations and videos
about home garden about home and garden is your one stop destination for everyday lifestyle solutions big or small across a variety of engaging and useful topics from home repair to
landscaping designs plans home design magazine home design interior design home design magazine features exclusive home design content including interior design outdoor design landscape design luxury lifestyle and morehome improvement ideas better homes gardens we have the best home improvement projects expert advice and diy ideas for your home whether you want to customize a basic builder design renovate an old home orexplore cornell home gardening flower garden design basics when it comes to flower garden design its mostly up to you sure its important to do a good job of soil preparation and carefully match plants to the site
home design decorating and remodeling ideas the companion site to the popular cable network includes articles programming guides step by step instructions and educational garden and plant resourcescss zen garden the beauty of css design collaborative on line gallery demonstrating what can be accomplished in visual design by using cascading style sheetsbetter homes and gardens home decorating remodeling and from better homes and gardens ideas and improvement projects for your home and garden plus recipes and entertaining ideas
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Best Price: RM1,029.00
Currently sold out / Pre-order only*
The Elinchrom D-Lite RX One Flash Head is a 100W/s auto-sensing, multi-voltage monolight that recognizes any AC power source from 90-260VAC, allowing power variability over 5.0 stops in 1/10 stop increments. Recycling is a fast 0.5-2.1 sec. (@115V) with flash durations as short as an action-stopping 1/1,100 sec at full power.
The D-Lite RX One is packed with professional and convenience features usually found in flash heads twice its price. Although this head accepts one, you won't need a PC cord. It has a built-in EL Skyport Receiver with 8 frequency channels that can handle 4 distinct groups of flashes. Separate purchase of the EL Skyport Speed Transmitter not only allows you to trigger your flash at distances up to 393' but gives you control of power on/off, modeling light functions and Speed Sync activation. Free software for Mac and PC computers is available, providing additional features such as Flash-Delay for strobing effects. Add an optional WiFi module to the transmitter and you can use specially designed apps that allow full remote control from your for iPhone, iPad or iPod Touch.
D-Lite RX One's bayonet mount accepts all Elinchrom accessories and softboxes up to 53" (135 cm). It comes with a power cord with a U.S. plug, sync cord, flash tube and protective cap. The included 115V 100W modeling lamp must be swapped out when using the unit in nominal 230V electrical environments.
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The Foundation is pleased to offer our grantees the opportunity to share information about their grant on our website. We hope it will offer the public increased visibility for your work.
Terms and Conditions. This form is intended for those who have received a Puffin Foundation grant. By filling out this form, you will be requesting Puffin to post information about your granted project on our web site. Please fill out the form carefully. It includes the option to provide an email address for the public to contact you, as well as providing an email address for the Foundation to use internally that would not be made public. Note that if you include personally identifiable information in your public content, it can be used and viewed by others. We are not responsible for the information you choose to include in public content. The Foundation reserves the right to edit any submissions for size and appropriate content. If you wish to give photo, audio or video credit for submissions, such credit should be included in your text under the description of your project.
Bay Area Girls Rock Camp’s innovative programs provide opportunities for girls to express themselves and develop musical skills while receiving support from female mentors. Through music lessons, workshops, and performance, our participants build confidence as they acquire skills that help them shine on stage and everywhere in their lives.
BAGRC brings together girls ages 8-18 from a wide variety of backgrounds; most come from under-resourced schools and low-income families, and about 70% are girls of color. Our innovative music education model encourages healthy exploration with an emphasis on process, not perfection. “Campers” form bands and attend instruction in bass, drums, guitar, keyboard, or vocals. Unlike many music programs, BAGRC youth write original songs in the styles of their choosing, which helps them fully develop their creative visions. Campers also attend empowering workshops in which they develop artistic skills, explore identity, and build skills to resist discrimination and oppression. Recent topics included DIY Music Technology, Image & Identity, Self-Defense, and Women’s Music Herstory. Our radical approach to female empowerment is guided by anti-oppression principles, and we offer girls a supportive environment in which they work together across differences and thrive in an atmosphere of mutual support and respect.
BAGRC’s unique mix of activities helps girls develop the confidence, technical skills, and tools for self-expression they need to realize their full potential. Campers share their new skills at the showcase finale, where they play original songs for an enthusiastic crowd. This experience has a profound effect on girls' self-esteem, as they experience the satisfaction of mastering something difficult and the thrill of sharing their skills with the community. As one explained, “After the showcase I felt like I had accomplished something everyone was proud of. I have never felt as awesome as I did that day.”
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'''One-liner listings''' are the default for '''Cities''', '''Other destinations''', and '''Get out''' sections. They are also used in other sections, as appropriate. '''Regions''' and '''Districts''' sections typically use a similar format unless the <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Regionlist|regionlist]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki> template is being used.
'''One-liner listings''' are the default for '''Cities''', '''Other destinations''', and '''Get out''' sections. They are also used in other sections, as appropriate. '''Regions''' and '''Districts''' sections typically use a similar format unless the <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Regionlist|regionlist]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki> template is being used.
Revision as of 22:57, 8 November 2012
One-liner listings are the default for Cities, Other destinations, and Get out sections. They are also used in other sections, as appropriate. Regions and Districts sections typically use a similar format unless the {{regionlist}} template is being used.
One-liner listings are primarily for navigation in the "Regions," "Cities," and "Other destinations" sections; they should get allow the reader to quickly identify and get to the specific travel guide they want to read. They should not try to provide detailed descriptions or long lists of attractions.
One-liner listings use the following format:
Alphabetic — preferred, if appropriate and there's no reason not to
Bold for the caption — optional if it's a link; if mixed, consistency preferred
Capitalise — first word of caption, but not description (except proper nouns, etc)
Description — a concise (preferably one phrase) description of the main draw a destination has for a traveller
No full stops - these are concise descriptions, not full sentences so no concluding period
Alphabetic order should be used whenever there's no more appropriate logical order (eg price, distance, north-south, day of the week, etc). Where a non-alphabetic order is used, it should be explained if necessary.
A universal exception to completely alphabetic order is in Cities sections, where capital cities/towns always go at the top of the list.
For immediate subregions and districts, a longer description (two or, at most, three sentences) may be in order, to provide some guidance to a traveller who is trying to decide which region to visit. These listings are not simply for navigation and so need to provide more information than a regular one-liner listing. The same may also apply to "Cities" and "Other destinations" sections, if the region article in question has no subregions; use your best judgement.
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Pages
Thursday, May 26, 2016
A Young Mammoth Cluster of Galaxies Sighted in the Early Universe
Astronomers have uncovered evidence for a vast collection of young galaxies 12 billion light years away. The newly discovered “proto-cluster” of galaxies, observed when the universe was only 1.7 billion years old (12% of its present age), is one of the most massive structures known at that distance. The discovery, made using telescopes at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona and the W. M. Keck Observatory on Mauna Kea, has been reported in the Astrophysical Journal.
“The protocluster will very likely grow into a massive cluster of galaxies like the Coma cluster, which weighs more than a quadrillion suns,” said Purdue University astrophysicist Dr. Kyoung-Soo Lee, who initially spotted the protocluster and is one of the authors in this study. Clusters this massive are extremely rare: only a handful of candidates are known at such early times. The new system is the first to be confirmed using extensive spectroscopy to establish cluster membership.
The team, led by Dr. Lee (Purdue University) and Dr. Arjun Dey of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, used the Mayall telescope on Kitt Peak to obtain very deep images of a small patch of sky, about the size of two full moons, in the constellation of Bootes. The team then used the Keck II Telescope on Mauna Kea to measure distances to faint galaxies in this patch, which revealed the large grouping. “Many of the faint galaxies in this patch lie at the same distance,” say Dr. Dey. “They are clumped together due to gravity and the evidence suggests that the cluster is in the process of forming.”
Matter in the universe organizes itself into large structures through the action of gravity. Most stars are in galaxies, which in turn collect in groups and clusters. Galaxy clusters are commonly observed in the present-day universe and contain some of the oldest and most massive galaxies known. The formation and early history of these clusters is not well understood. The discovery of young proto-clusters allows scientists to directly witness and study their formation. The prevalence of massive clusters in the young universe can help constrain the size and expansion history of the universe.
The team is now searching larger areas of sky to uncover more examples of such young and massive protoclusters. “The discovery and confirmation of one distant and very massive protocluster is very exciting,” said Dr. Naveen Reddy, an astrophysicist at the University of California at Riverside and a coauthor of the study, “but it is important to find a large sample of these so we can understand the possibly varied formation history of the population as a whole.”
The other members of the team are Dr. Michael Cooper (University of California, Irvine), Dr. Hanae Inami (Observatoire de Lyon), Dr. Sungryong Hong (University of Texas, Austin), Dr. Anthony Gonzalez (University of Florida), and Dr. Buell Jannuzi (University of Arizona).
1 comment:
They should use the past tense, since what they theorize about in the article, happened billions of years ago by now. When you look at the Andromeda Galaxy, that is how it looked a couple of million years ago. It come closer to us by now. Some supernovas exploded in it before humans existed, but their light hasn't reached us yet. By now, they would be invisible dead stars.
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Randolph pair arrested on drug charges in Braintree
Wednesday
Jan 8, 2014 at 12:01 AMJan 8, 2014 at 8:19 AM
Larry Anderson, 24, and Elise Beal, 27, both of Randolph, were arrested on Friday, Jan. 3.
Bob Aicardi
Larry Anderson, 24, and Elise Beal, 27, both of Randolph, were arrested on Friday, Jan. 3, after detectives patrolling the hotels on Wood Road investigated what they believed to be suspicious behavior.
According to Police Chief Russell Jenkins, Detectives Mark Sherrick and Matthew Heslam saw two men, brothers from Canton and Taunton, in the parking lot of Candlewood Suites briefly meet up with a third man from Quincy, who was also parked in the lot. A short time after their meeting, one of the brothers met up with Beal, who was observed exiting the hotel and engaged in what the detectives believed to be a drug transaction.
After the brother and Beal separated, the brothers drove off, as did the Quincy man, Jenkins stated. Additional help was requested and both vehicles were stopped on Granite Street while Sherrick, who was joined by Detective Robert Joseph, stopped the vehicle that Beal was leaving in, with Anderson at the wheel. Based on conversations with all five individuals and the alleged discovery of evidence, including almost $5,000 in cash in Anderson’s jacket pocket, both Anderson and Beal were arrested and charged with conspiracy to violate the Controlled Substances Act. Anderson was additionally charged with distribution of heroin.
According to Jenkins, after detectives received a search warrant, a subsequent search of the hotel room registered in Anderson’s name allegedly uncovered almost 100 grams of heroin, 24 grams of cocaine, marijuana and evidence of drug packaging. Anderson and Beal were then also charged with trafficking in heroin, possession of cocaine with intent to distribute and possession of marijuana with intent to distribute. The other three men were not charged and their names are not being released.
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Best Quotes About Patience
Patience is a virtue that not all of us have. Learning patience can be difficult for those with short tempers or an unwillingness to wait for something to happen. But patience is a key attribute to have in life, and making sure you can wait for things in a calm and relaxed manner will help you in lots of situations. Losing your cool in traffic? Getting aggressive in queues? Check out the best quotes about patience below and take a chill pill my friend..
1. “Life doesn’t get easier. You just get better at being able to handle it..”
2. “Two things define you: Your patience when you have nothing, and your attitude when you have everything..”
3. “A moment of patience in a moment of anger, saves a thousand moments of regret..”
4. “Patience attracts happiness; it brings near that which is far..”
5. “Patience you must have, my young padawan..”
6. “He that can have patience can have what he will..” – Benjamin Franklin
7. “Be patient, you will get whatever you ask for in prayer..”
8. “Patience is the companion of wisdom..” – Augustine of Hippo
9. “Patience is not the ability to wait, but the ability to keep a good attitude while waiting..”
10. “All in good time.. Have patience!”
11. “Patience is the key which solves all problems..”
12. “Just because something isn’t happening for you right now, doesn’t mean that it will never happen..”
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INSIDE — THE BITCH RETURNS: DONNA MILLS HITS GENERAL HOSPITAL LIKE A TORNADO! EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH THE KNOTS LANDING SUPERSTAR! HER THOUGHTS ON A KNOTS LANDING REBOOT; WORKING WITH WOODY ALLEN; HER BIGGEST REGRET INVOLVING JANE WYMAN; AN UPDATE ON HER MEMOIRS; AND WHY SHE WANTS TO DO LESS DRAMA! — Exclusive Interview: Y&R’s Cady McClain On AMC, Prospect Park And Why Her And Michael E. Knight
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Product Description
The quarterback isn't the only one who has to get ready for the game, you know. Wear our Orange Athlete Kit and start stretching out! This set comes with two armbands and one headband, all of them made out of terry cloth. A must-have for any school party or 80s workout costume.
Additional Information
Product Number:
71519F
Care Instructions:
Hand Wash In Cold Water. Do Not Bleach. Dry Flat. Do Not Iron.
Material:
100% Cotton
Warning:
14 Year Warning - Not Intended For Use In Play By Children Under 14 Years Of Age. - Age Grade - Ages 14+ - Choking Hazard Warning - Small Parts Not Intended For Children Under 3 Years Of Age - Flame Warning - Keep Away From Open Flames
Additional Information
Product Number:
71519F
Care Instructions:
Hand Wash In Cold Water. Do Not Bleach. Dry Flat. Do Not Iron.
Material:
100% Cotton
Warning:
14 Year Warning - Not Intended For Use In Play By Children Under 14 Years Of Age. - Age Grade - Ages 14+ - Choking Hazard Warning - Small Parts Not Intended For Children Under 3 Years Of Age - Flame Warning - Keep Away From Open Flames
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Dole Food Board Agrees to Chairman's Increased Buyout Offer
Dole Food Co. Chairman and CEO David H. Murdock has signed a definitive merger agreement with the company to purchase all the outstanding shares of Dole common stock that he does not already hold, both he and the company announced today.
To take the company private, Murdock would pay $13.50 in cash for each share of stock, an increase of $1.50 over his original offer of June 10 and 32% over the per-share closing price immediately prior to the first offer. With the assumption of Dole's debt ($673 million as of June 15), the buying price would be $1.6 billion.
The board of directors -- with Murdock abstaining -- unanimously approved the agreement. Final approval will be subject to a vote by the majority of the outstanding shares held by stockholders other than Murdock.
The parties expect the transaction to be completed during the fourth quarter of this year. It will also be subject to regulatory approval.
Dole has gone through a number of major changes recently. It sold its packaged foods and Asia fresh business for $1.69 billion in a deal that closed in April. In May, Dole said it would indefinitely suspend its $200 million share repurchase program and use its cash instead to update its shipping fleet to enhance growth prospects.
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Sabres’ defense gets a shuffle, Myers gets a break
‘Myers, meanwhile, was neither fined nor suspended for his high hit to New Jersey’s Dainius Zubrus. The NHL’s department of player safety decided that although Zubrus’ head was the principal point of contact, Myers did not target Zubrus. Therefore, the incident was not in violation of Rule 48, which governs head shots.’
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Home Coloring Pages: Letter U
Free Letter U coloring page. Online and Printable. All sorts of free coloring pages to color in online, or print out and use crayons, markers, and paints. Coloring pages for kids of all ages, from preschoolers, right up to older children - and adults too! Unicorn, umbrella, and UFO, all begin with the letter "U".
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Birmingham City Council has responded to revelations they made £4million in parking fines between 2012-13.
We put an appropriate level of parking enforcement into any location, to ensure that we are complying with our traffic regulation and safety responsibilities.
Alum Rock Road, for example, is a major arterial route into the city and must be kept as clear as possible. We do monitor parking provision and demands in areas across the city and this is an on-going process.
Drivers have the right of appeal against any notice they feel is issued unfairly.
It has been revealed that Birmingham City Council received more than £4million in parking fines between 2012 and 2013.
The revelation comes as the Government said fines could be reduced and a five minute grace period introduced if drivers are late returning to their cars. Birmingham City Council spends £13million on fines administration, including paying parking wardens.
The council said they use an 'appropriate level of parking enforcement' to ensure safety and that drivers have the right of appeal.
Campaigners in the Midlands have issued a fresh call for parking charges at hospitals to be scrapped, claiming it is 'unfair' to place an extra burden on people and families already suffering with illness.
A report by the Health and Social Care Information Centre reveals the average cost of parking at a hospital is £1.15 per hour - but some, including Midland hospitals, charge much more than this.
Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust charges £2.70 per hour.
It comes after Coventry University Hospital lifted a cap on the amount of money it could demand from people for parking earlier this year.
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ANZ are supporting companies accused of kicking people off their land, making them homeless and hungry. Tell your bank you won’t tolerate this. Say no to land grabs in developing countries. Write to your bank now.
The Commonwealth Bank is supporting companies accused of kicking people off their land, making them homeless and hungry. Tell your bank you want them to be the first Australian bank to make a clear commitment to Zero Tolerance for Land Grabbing.
Surprised to learn that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples are still not recognised in the Australian Constitution as Australia's first peoples? Show your support by signing our pledge today.
The Mekong River is one of the world's last large rivers to remain mostly undammed. Join scientists, ecologists and people all around the world to call for a 10-year moratorium on the building of dams on the lower Mekong mainstream.
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Human rights a third class passenger on Mexico’s train
Editor’s note: Javier Zúñiga is a special adviser for Amnesty International. The views expressed are his own.
When Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto came to power a year ago, he was the new face of the old Partido Revolucionario Institucional, the political machinery that dominated the country for more than 70 years. With his carefully built image of a dynamic young professional, Peña Nieto started his term in office by launching multiple reform initiatives, covering numerous aspects of daily life in the country. He claims that his policies will put Mexico on a promising train to modernity and prosperity. But a year on, what has he really achieved?
One of Peña Nieto’s early commitments was to end the cycle of human rights violations and violence that so characterised former President Felipe Calderon’s administration. Sadly, he has not delivered on that promise: On…
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Monday, 28 November 2016
Apparently some police forces in the country are now rolling out enforcement of driving too close to tax dodgers, maybe even section 59 ASB orders, which are interesting as there is a lower burden of proof. It doesn't impact penalties or insurance, simply threatens to take the car away.
There are now pedestrian crossing lights on some of the arms of the junctions, specifically Tyndall's Park Road has a walk and ike one (a small dip in the kerb allows the bikes over); Whiteladies Road inbound also has green. These require left-turns to be restricted, which has long been a rule more ignored than observed. The council has recently done some raised corner sharpening; be interesting to see what's happening.
Where there is not any pedestrian crossing is on St Pauls Road —the Clifton Side— people run across when there is a gap, such as when vehicles heading inbound are waiting to turn right, and in that little gap between Whiteladies Road going read and TPR/St Pauls Road going green.
Which means this mercedes is about to head towards a junction where there are likely to be people sprinting across. Will they put down their phone?
No, is the answer, they keep on looking at it, going down to one-handed so they can hold the steering wheel with the other. About half way through the junction, they look up, notice the cyclist, and hold the phone down out of sight.
Interesting question: what would have happened if the tax-dodger hadn't been there?
The experiment begins, then, by filing this on the A&S police site, see how they react.
What about the full report an incident process? Too much hassle given its inevitable that nothing is going to happen. If they don't act when you go to the station with a CD of a video and a complaint, it's unlikely that they will react to a youtube URL.
More people are going to live Weston Super Mare, despite evidence to the contrary.
More people are going to live in middle of nowhere dormitory towns near bristol, and hold unrealistic expectations about being able to commute into the city
So, they have come up with a vision. That's a sort of a value between "no idea whatsoever" and "have a clue". Interesting to read, and so derive goals not just of Bristol, but the Outer Wilderness
North Somerset doesn't want anyone cycling to Bristol. We knew that, but their map doesn't even show the existing Festival Way as "a strategic cycling route", let alone propose it actually continue the extra 1-2 miles to reach as Nailsea. Instead they want an uprated A38 and a few tens of millions making the M5 more dangerous by turning the hard shoulder off at peak hours. Most interestingly the A38 to go to the M5 in a new junction. It's not clear what that will do, but apparently "This corridor experiences severe congestion ". If that statements is true, then the adverts for the Junction 21 Enterprise Zone you see while wasting hours at passport checks at BRS are lies. The advert? "15 minutes to Bristol". The reality? Not a chance. Yet here we are, with North Somerset saying "good transport links" on the J21 site, yet "experiences severe congestion" in another. One of those two statements is false —and if its the advertising, someone may want to complain.
Suggest: N Somerset consider alternative transport options to sitting in a traffic jam on the M5, and be open about its issues in the J21 site.
South Bristol doesn't get a callout of its own, just coverage in Bath to Bristol corridor. There's a small problem here in that the key public transport route between the cities is the train —and central government have removed electrifying this stretch of line from their "vision". That is, not even on some random future deadline which they can postpone, it's an outright "we don't plan to do this". Which means that the one change which would have really improved carrying capacity on the line, reduced transit times and pollution from trains in the cities? Gone.
Saltford is promised a bypass.
They also discuss LRT -Tram- along "the A4 Corridor". That's an interesting term there, as it doesn't mean "Along the A4", it just means "along the Avon Valley". There are two other options there (ignoring tarmacing the river). There's the train line, and then there's the Bitton-Bath stretch of the Railway Path, the stretch which has the steam trainists practising their hobby on a weekend. Could this be time to reinstate steam trains between Bristol and Bath? Brunel would be proud —they didn't have electricity in his day, after all.
Suggest: residents of South Bristol may have transport issues of relevance too. Anyone who cycles in Bristol might want to look more closely at the LRT routing.
Avonmouth, Shirehampton and Clifton Villages
Still a vision of getting the Henbury train loop in; still a vision for some more stations. Gloucester Road to Filton and beyond and Whiteladies Road/A4018 to Cribb's causeway down as Strategic Cycling Routes. We have no idea what that means, and suspect the WoEP don't either, other than it means "no need to care about it anywhere else". Not that being a strategic cycle route will stop anyone painting out the bike lane.
Other points
"enhancements to the public realm". This is planner-speak for spending money on brickwork rather than functional transport systems.
There's not a single mention or illustration, anywhere, of people walking other than the phrase "cycling-and-walking" where the money will be split and each group will get their half of a pavement which will now have a white line down the middle. Yet for the inner core of Bristol and Bath, walking is the primary transport option. (we have no idea what it is for W-s-M, it probably involves riding a goat).
And finally, a look to the north east. That dashed green line? "Light Rail Transport —Route to be determined"
Unless you are going to build a tram line down up Fishponds road, there is only one place to put anything in there: the Bristol to Bath Railway Path.
The last time the WoEP wanted to put a bus down there, there was a mass uprising of inner Bristol, with some support from outside. Doe they really think things will have got better now? Do they not realise that killing the path for the sake of a slightly faster commute to/from Emerson's Green is going to be acceptable? Not a chance.
Suggest: recognise that the traffic volume, walking and cycling, down the BBRP is higher than any tram can achieve, and doesn't cost £2.6B. Council would be better off filing plans to run trams down there into the box of "stupid ideas we will pretend we never considered".
Tuesday, 8 November 2016
People have coming up to us recently and been asking questions on our apparent lack of driving. The recurrent queries are
Why haven't we seen you parking badly?
Why haven't we seen you driving badly?
Why haven't you driven right behind us in the fast lane of the motorway at 90 mph, flashing your lights at us?
For reasons which may be covered in a future post, the Bristol Traffic Important Car for Important People has now been officially written off; the insurers of the Important Car for Important People providing a rental car until a settlement is reached. The answers to the question are thus:
We have —just in a Vauxhall Corsa 1.4
We have —just in a Vauxhall Corsa 1.4
We can't, it's a Vauxhall Corsa 1.4
Here it is in all its glory, just after stocking up on marmite at Sainsbury's Brislington.
Compared to a team member's MkII Astra 1.4L of many decades ago, the Corsa isn't that bad for luggage room, but manages to be tangibly slower. All the weight of modern safety equipment like airbags and ABS, along with power steering, electric windows and the like have made for a vehicle which struggles to break the 20 mph limit. Our urban speedo watching is now one of looking down at the mph dial as it gets into the late teens, muttering "go on Corsa, you can do it!".
Unfortunately, free vehicle that it is, it comes with a fundamental flaw: a £500 insurance excess and undamaged bodywork. It has both wingmirrors and the alloy wheels lacking those scrapes which mark a car christened for use in urban Bristol.
It's not a matter of whether the car is going to end up with a wingmirror held up with duct tape, wheels documenting the kerb heights parked against, or graceful scrapes aquired on daily use. It's when. It even constrains parking choices: you start worrying in the night about what it will look like in the morning —that maybe you shouldn't have parked sticking out quite so much on that corner.
Accordingly, rather than await the day when the car is returned and a large bill for damage presented, the team decided to return the car early, and borrow a parent's '53 reg Peugot 307 HDi. The parent in question had a little medical incident in August, their car parked up since then. Taking it away from them should help get them used to the post-driving lifestyle, which, in Portsmouth, "city by the sea", means getting used to FirstBus coming by once an hour, except on Sundays, when it drops to "who knows"
Vehicle collected, successfully driven to Bristol. Compared to the Corsa, it's stable, and it's manual transmission and the minimal turbocharger give it a better 0-20 number —still not great for getting on the M32 from the secret Mina Road access point. With the changes there, you can't even be at 15 mph before you approach the merge point.
But it's stable, and pre-commissoned for abuse in an urban environment. All it needs is cleaning up, the parent being one of those who like to hoard things in their vehicle.
All goes well, the interior binned; time to go to the boot. Four cans of WD-40 and three de-icers seem overkill, but as a Glaswegian who used to own a Mini, the owner no doubt had picked up some habits they couldn't get rid of. That's not the issue though, the issue is what turns up once the boot contents are purged, and the layers underneath explored.
What's there? Moss large quantities of it. Enough that you have to look for David Attenborough and his camera crew.
And under the moss? Water. Large quantities of water.
The entire spare wheel compartment has about 2-3 cm of water in it. This is, well, unexpected, and best accompanied with the expression "What the fuck?"
Now, Pompey is a coastal town, and it could be that there have been some high tides flooding the streets —tides covered up by the Portsmouth Tourist Board. This is unlikely, as the loss of the city to climate change is something that UKIP would be highlighting as a positive outcome of climate change.
Discounting that, and deliberate human action, the other key hypothesis has "it's been collecting water from rain". With the car unused for a few weeks (this photo was taken early October), water could easily have seeped in to the stationary car.
Except: it's been a really dry Autumn. Has it really been long enough for the spare wheel bay to fill with water and plants to start growing?
No, this car has been collecting rainwater for some time.
For anyone with ageing parents, there's always the question "when should they stop driving?" You always hope that they stop before they end up in a serious crash, maybe just a small one involving a bollard where the police suggest politely to put away the car keys.
Maybe, just maybe, the fact that you've clearly been driving around not noticing the strange slushing sound coming from the back, or the odd fusty smell. One can but hope. That or bribe the garage doing the MoT to make sure the car fails.
The wealthy in society, the Camerons, the Rees-Moggs, they look forward to inheriting the family estate, what with its greenery and lakes.
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Tag Archives: skyscraper
US, New York City. View from the Empire State Building observation deck towards Central Park. Stitched panorama. (Photo Bjorn Grotting)
Not that there is any lack of vantage points in New York, but one of the best must undoubtedly be from the top of the Empire State Building. The queues here can be very long in the high season, so a good tip should be to come here when the number of tourists is at its lowest. If you come in the tourist season, try to be here early in the morning or in the afternoon. Out of season you can also risk encountering queues, but usually the wait is much shorter.
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Mystikal is THIS close to getting the money he needs to post bail and get out of prison while he waits for his rape case trial to begin … thanks to friends and a record deal. You may recall the rapper was booked in 2017 for first-degree rape…
My take on Thanos, and why he believes he is right to kill half of the MCU off with the mere snap of his fingers with the help of the Infinity Gauntlet, despite facing fierce opposition from many superheroes from Earth and beyond.
When the dots get connected … it seems like Ben Simmons is in Kendall Jenner’s rear view and she’s fully hooked up with Anwar Hadid. Kendall and Anwar showed up in Malibu. There are no shots of them together, but they were both at the Malibu Chili…
Actors and producers of ‘The Simpsons’ mark 30 years of series at Empire State Building and reflect on prediction of Donald Trump as president and impact of hit series. Rough Cut (no reporter narration).
Two years after his Oscar triumph with “Moonlight,” director Barry Jenkins has delivered another carefully polished gem in the form of “If Beale Street Could Talk,” an adaptation of James Baldwin’s 1974 novel. Timely in its themes — including African-Americans and the justice system — it’s one of those small movies that manages to make personal interactions feel epic.
I fund my Periscopes and podcasts via audience micro-donations on Patreon. I prefer this method over accepting advertisements or working for a “boss” somewhere because it keeps my voice independent. No one owns me, and that is rare. I’m trying in my own way to make the world a better place, and your contributions help me stay inspired to do that.
Self-driving cars are close to becoming a universal reality and connectivity plays a vital part in their operation. The more data a self-driving car can access, the better it can learn to operate safely and efficiently. Learn how AT&T’s new mobile 5g network will provide the support necessary for self-driving cars to take the next step from concept to commonplace.WIRED Videos
Cardi B and Nicki Minaj’s feud is apparently far from over. The “Bodak Yellow” rapper fired back after Nicki’s revealing “Queen Radio” episode in which she made bold claims about her and Cardi’s now-infamous New York Fashion Week altercation and more. Find out why Cardi isn’t having it, and slammed Nicki’s version of events in a series of rapid-fire Instagram videos.
When the dots get connected … it seems like Ben Simmons is in Kendall Jenner’s rear view and she’s fully hooked up with Anwar Hadid. Kendall and Anwar showed up in Malibu. There are no shots of them together, but they were both at the Malibu Chili…
Bill Cosby could still work a room in the clink, but it won’t be in any comedic capacity — mostly just in kitchen duty and stitching s*** up for pennies … TMZ has learned. A Pennsylvania Dept. of Corrections official tells us, if Cosby wants to,…
Step inside the Panoptic Studio, a dome at Carnegie Mellon University where researchers are capturing data on human gestures, which will be used to create more lifelike and responsive robots.WIRED Videos
Comedian Aparna Nancherla explores how global warming and climate change will directly affect our lives 100 years from now when the average global temperature is projected to increase by 4 degrees Celsius, or 7.2 degrees Fahrenheit. Nancherla met with Professor of Atmospheric Science at UC Berkeley, Inez Fung, and Chief Data Officer at Western Digital, Janet George to to make predictions about how we’ll live in a 4C World.WIRED Videos
In the 54 years that it’s been in production, the Rolex Submariner has transformed from a straightforward diver’s tool watch to a rugged, refined timepiece that guys who can’t swim wear with tuxedos. A new one will set you back by at least $ 7,500. But the one Steve McQueen wore during the 1960s and ’70s, which the auction house Phillips plans to sell on October 25, has an estimate of between $ 300,000 and $ 600,000.
[[tmz:video id=”0_89fhif8u”]] If Destiny’s Child is ever in the market for a fourth member, they don’t have to look further than Michelle Obama, according to Kelly Rowland. We got Kelly at LAX Friday where she told us Michelle can bust a move like no…
[[tmz:video id=”0_1a5lqoyk”]] Kanye West is not taking his meds, and people close to him believe some of the comments he made on “TMZ Live” were a result of that. Kanye himself said he was shunning doctors who ordered him to take 3 pills a day … he…
Bill Cosby’s not going to get treated like any other prisoner if he ends up getting locked up for his sexual assault conviction … but it’s mostly because of his health and security. Law enforcement sources tell TMZ … the Pennsylvania Dept. of…
A “Stranger Things” casting call looks like a smoking gun in a lawsuit accusing show creators, the Duffer brothers, of ripping off a short film — because it’s black and white proof they jacked the film’s title. We’ve obtained the casting call, from Aug.…
Apologies to Will Smith … the ‘Fresh Prince of Bel-Air’ might be getting dethroned soon, ’cause there’s a potential new heir being eyed for a TV reboot — and he’s a she … TMZ has learned. The company that owns the rights to ‘Fresh Prince’ filed a…
Step inside the Panoptic Studio, a dome at Carnegie Mellon University where researchers are capturing data on human gestures, which will be used to create more lifelike and responsive robots.WIRED Videos
The reigning golden girl of The Challenge, Tori, might have to take a temporary backseat, because fellow Are You The One? export Kam has just given convincing evidence that she’s the true Rookie of the Year. On tonight’s Vendettas episode, Kam found herself in an especially uncomfortable position: she and three other contestants learned they’d… News
[[tmz:video id=”0_dnngro68″]] Shannon Sharpe says it might be the beginning of the end for the Patriots dynasty … ’cause recent statements by Robert Kraft prove there are real problems between him, Bill Belichick and Tom Brady. Remember — ESPN…
In 2017, we saw eight new playoff teams in a 12-team field. Why? Because teams routinely look a heckuva lot different year-to-year. So here’s how the Saints, Rams, Titans, Patriots, Eagles, Chiefs and Steelers could change.www.espn.com – NFL
Chris Brown got himself a pet monkey — but never got a permit to keep her — so now he’s sans monkey and could face criminal charges … TMZ has learned. As we reported … CB took heat last month after posting a pic of his 3-year-old daughter Royalty…
Post Malone should consider hopping on the Travel Channel’s payroll as a ghost hunter if he gets tired of music, ’cause he’s got the gift … so says Zak Bagans. The “Ghost Adventures” host tells TMZ … Post recently joined him for an episode that’s set…
We’d like to end 2017 on a positive note, so we identified a reason why each of the 31 NHL franchises should be optimistic in the new year — from the Lightning’s gaudy goal differential to Vegas’ shiny, shocking success to the Sabres’ primo prospect.www.espn.com – NHL
Instead of just scraping by or being “respectable” in their inaugural season, the Golden Knights are leading the Pacific Division after 33 games. Will this continue? If it does, how does that change the trade market this spring?www.espn.com – NHL
Harvey Weinstein could be cut off at the knees at Tuesday’s Board of Directors meeting, because there are signs the Board might fire him … which we’re told would guarantee litigation. Harvey, who is still a member of the Board despite being fired from…
Media mogul and talk show queen Oprah Winfrey shocked fans on Thursday when she thanks fans for their support after an op-ed from the New York Post claimed that she was the Democratic Party’s best hope for a candidate in 2020. Could Oprah make a run for the Oval?
If you’ve got a particular personality type, you might be predisposed to be musically skilled. If you’ve ever taken music lessons, you’ve had it drilled into your head that “practice makes perfect.” But is that really all there is to it? According to a new study in the Journal of Research in Personality, your musical ability could also be hinged on something a little more engrained: your personality. Researchers from the University of Cambridge and Goldsmiths, University of London, in the U.K., in conjunction with the BBC, put more than 7,000 people through a series of musical tests, including melodic memory and rhythmic perception tests. These were then linked to their scores on a Big Five personality trait test, which examined people’s scores on the traits of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Among the findings: The trait of openness is a key predictor of musical ability.
Apartments are getting smaller and smaller. To combat this ever shrinking urban dilemma, a company called ORI is building modular, movable and totally automatic furniture for people who live in cramped quarters.WIRED Videos
Ever since she was in junior high, Kana’s wanted to become a school nurse. However, the handsome professor overseeing her first training assignment presents her with quite the moral dilemma…yet a determined Kana is ready to give it her all!
Linkin Park’s Chester Bennington might get an eternal resting spot right next to his dear friend, Chris Cornell. TMZ has learned the burial plot beside Cornell at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery is available … and a source at the cemetery tells us they…
If you’ve got a particular personality type, you might be predisposed to be musically skilled. If you’ve ever taken music lessons, you’ve had it drilled into your head that “practice makes perfect.” But is that really all there is to it? According to a new study in the Journal of Research in Personality, your musical ability could also be hinged on something a little more engrained: your personality. Researchers from the University of Cambridge and Goldsmiths, University of London, in the U.K., in conjunction with the BBC, put more than 7,000 people through a series of musical tests, including melodic memory and rhythmic perception tests. These were then linked to their scores on a Big Five personality trait test, which examined people’s scores on the traits of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Among the findings: The trait of openness is a key predictor of musical ability.
Fruit is a good source of fiber, it’s relatively low in calories, and it’s full of vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. That doesn’t mean you can eat unlimited amounts of it however. Fruits that are higher in naturally occurring fruit sugar and lower in fiber can impact blood sugar and may not be as satisfying. While fruits are lower in calories than most foods, they still have calories, which can add up and may slow weight loss.
1. Skip the fruit juice.Fruit juice does not contain fiber, which is important for fullness, keeping blood sugar more stable, and weight loss. Juice is also a concentrated form of calories that can be quickly consumed. Think about the amount of time that it takes you to eat an orange versus the amount of time it takes to drink a four-ounce glass of juice.
The dirty little secret about fruit juice — even 100 percent pure fruit juice — is that it contains enormous amounts of sugar and calories. For example, 100 percent pure orange juice has more calories than an equal amount of Coke, Pepsi, or other sugary soda. Sure, the orange juice has vitamin C, but if you’re eating a healthy diet, you’re getting plenty of vitamin C from other sources, such as whole fruits and vegetables.
If you really love pure fruit juice, you can include it in small quantities. In my mind, juice has no place in a weight-loss program because it provides so little return on your caloric investment.
2. Stay away from dried fruit.Unlike juice, dried fruit contains fiber, but it does not contain water, so dried fruit is a much more concentrated source of calories and sugar that can add up fast. Dried fruit falls into the same category as the dry carbs — it has a higher energy density so you just don’t get a lot of bang for your buck in terms of volume and hunger control. I’m always astounded by the number of calories in dried fruit: half a cup of raisins, for example, contains 240 calories — as much as a McDonald’s hamburger and more than a bag of chocolate candies. Fresh fruit is also far more satisfying: for the same number of calories, you can eat two cups of grapes or a quarter cup of raisins. So stick with the whole fruit, save calories, and feel fuller.
Busta has always been known for putting on one of the most live shows in Hip-Hop. While he’s gotten older, his energy remains and he still knows how to get the crowd involved in his set. Check it out as Busta performs his CLASSIC, “Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See” along with Diddy. Its a quick clip but clean, s/o to ambrosiaforheads.com on the video clip.
LOS ANGELES—Despite retiring from the sport 14 years ago, 52-year-old former All-Star hitter Mark McGwire confidently told reporters Friday that he could still disgrace baseball at the highest level today. “I might not be what I once was, but I could definitely get out there on the field and completely tarnish the reputation of the sport just like I used to,” said McGwire, adding that while he enjoys working as a hitting coach for the Dodgers, he is often nostalgic for the days when he would wake up every morning, lie to teammates and fans, and let down everyone connected to baseball. “I’d be lying if I said I hadn’t considered coming back for another season to destroy the legacy of an entire generation of players. Look, I’m confident in my abilities, and there’s no doubt in my mind that I could go out there …
The axolotl is not only weirdly cute for an amphibian but it can also regenerate its own limbs. Scientists are studying how the salamanders regrow legs and how humans might someday do the same.WIRED Videos – The Scene
When I was 27, my marriage ended after just two years and seven months.
First came shock, then came denial, then came an outpouring of grief. Then reality set in, and what followed was a painstaking healing process. At times I thought I would never come out the other side in one piece. Yet two years later, I am happily divorced and loving my life.
Despite this, my heart still aches for my newly separated self in the throes of grief; I wish I could share with her some of the things I’ve learned and tell her it’s all going to be okay. I’d tell her:
1. You did everything you could. Stop torturing yourself by wondering what you could have done differently. There is nothing more you could have done and you should be proud of hanging in there for as long as you did. You deserve some kind of good wife medal for all the crap you went through.
2. You have nothing to be ashamed of. When you got married, it felt as though you were declaring your love to the whole entire world. It feels now like you have to declare that you couldn’t make it work to the world. I know it feels like the shame of admitting your marriage failed at age 27 is too much to bear, but remember this; the shame is not yours to bear at all.
3. You need to accept that he is going to move on to a new relationship. I know, I know — it’s the news that you’re dreading the most, the news that turns your stomach inside out with sickness. But he’s going to move on. On the day you find out, you are going to feel like your heart has been ripped out but in time, you’ll digest the information, accept it and absolutely be okay with it. Promise.
4. You aren’t going to move on quite so quickly. Initially, you will feel like the most unlovable human on the planet and that no one will ever look in your direction again. When this passes, you will enjoy a few flirtations. Next, you will panic that you haven’t met someone to get serious with and therefore make profiles on dodgy dating websites, go on bad dates and spend a lot of time questioning your inability to meet someone “normal”. Eventually, you’re going to realize that you simply are not ready to move on to a new relationship — and that it is completely okay to take your time (and have some fun in the meantime).
5. You’re really going to benefit from therapy and medication. Sometimes in life, things get shitty and we need a little extra help. This is one of those times. You will attend counseling sessions with a brilliant therapist, who helps you realize that every negative thing you thought about yourself was wrong. You’re also going to go on antidepressants, which are going to help lift you out of this awful, can’t-get-out-of-bed fog. This is not something to fear or be ashamed of — by asking for help you’re actually very brave.
6. You are about to learn how amazing the people in your life are. I mean, you already know this but you’re about to realize it a whole lot more. They will listen when you need to talk, patiently let you cry about the same thing, make you laugh, give you wine/cake at appropriate times, take you on surprise trips, force you to get out of bed and get dressed and at times, give you some harsh perspective. You are so very lucky to have them.
7. You will feel better once you make your peace. Being angry is a terrible waste of energy. Over time you will realize that, to truly move on, you need to forgive your ex. The anger will eventually subside into indifference. You will be able to acknowledge that you loved him, you married him for a reason and wish him nothing but the best. The sooner you let go of the anger and hurt, the sooner you will start to live the life you deserve.
8. You are about to start living your dreams. I have great news. You know the dreams and aspirations you put on hold to settle down and get married young? From job goals to visiting different corners of the globe to taking up new hobbies? You’re about to start living them. You’re going to make new friends and say “yes” to every crazy idea thrown your way; you’re going to go on trips of a lifetime, dance ’til dawn at music festivals and take up singing and writing again; you’re going to climb the career ladder rung by rung and set up a new life in the city of your dreams. What’s more, all of this is only the start. Your life is about to get seriously amazing. Hang in there.
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If you divorced in your 20s and learned a lot about love, life and yourself in the process, we’d love to hear your story for our series, Divorced By 30. Send us a 500-800-word essay or an idea for a blog post to [email protected]
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There is so much about being successful at dating that it can make your head spin. Before you throw in the towel while wondering why men fly off the window just after the first date, you should consider reading this. It could literally change your world of dating. While there are some big don’ts when dating, there are others that are little known but have profound repercussions. Remember that saying of a small leak sinks a great vessel? It applies to this case perfectly. Painfully, these are usually the biggest mistakes you don’t realize you are making and perhaps why you are repelling men so perfectly.Relationships:Dating Articles from EzineArticles.com
Caution 1: This post includes real hypnosis and it will influence some readers to a different opinion on guns. If you don’t want to be influenced, please do not read.
Caution 2: You will not like what I say on this topic. That’s another reason to skip it.
— Start —
On one side of the gun debate in America we have a bunch of idiots spouting total bullshit arguments, generously sprinkled with cherry-picked statistics that are out of context or don’t apply to America’s situation.
On the other side of the gun debate we have exactly the same thing.
And there is a simple explanation for this absurd situation. We make the same mistake every time when it comes to domestic issues: We look at averages and pretend those averages are useful for anything but starting fights. We do the same thing with all of our social issues:
Average woman
Average man
Average Immigrant (He’s a criminal and a good citizen at the same time!)
Average African-American
Average whatever.
There’s no such thing as an average person!!!
All gun arguments are based on average people doing average things in average places. I agree that the average person should live in a world with far fewer guns because that guy is an idiot with no common sense, no gun safety training, and no gun locks. Luckily, the average person does not exist. Instead, you have some people who are smart enough to safely own guns, people who are far too dangerous or dumb to own guns, and a lot of people in the middle.
Every individual has a different risk when it comes to guns.
So forget about average people. Let’s consider a few real people. Take me, for example. I offend people for a living. I’m doing it right now. And I weigh 150 pounds.
I am pro-gun.
Because … I might someday have a good reason to shoot someone who is bigger than me or armed. If your reason for supporting gun ownership involves loyalty to a document written hundreds of years ago by slave-owners with muskets, you probably have some explaining to do. Don’t include me in that camp. I support gun rights because I think there is a good chance I might someday need to shoot a human. Period. If the Constitution prohibited personal gun ownership, I would have to consider violating that document, for my own sense of safety.
My situation is unique, but it is easy to imagine there are other citizens who believe – correctly or not – that gun ownership makes them safer.
At the same time it is obvious that too many innocent people are being killed by guns. For most people, the more guns in the environment, the less safe they will feel, and probably with good reason. How can a government create one set of gun laws that satisfies such different risk profiles? It seems logically impossible.
The starting assumption that people are somewhat average in terms of gun risks is so absurd that any discussion on the topic turns into a debate over Schroedinger’s cat – it assumes the average citizen is simultaneously safer and less safe because there are people in both risk classes.
Am I wrong to think a gun improves my personal safety? (I have no kids in the house, by the way.) Beats me. There are no statistics that apply to my specific situation. And no study can accurately account for my psychological sense of safety. The important question is who gets to make the decision about how safe I can feel in my own home – the government or me?
By way of context, I have been robbed three times at gunpoint in my life, including twice when I was a bank teller. On another day a gang member pointed a pistol at my head and pulled the trigger just to be funny. There was no round in the chamber. All of that happened in San Francisco, years ago. I mention those incidents so you know I understand the dangers of guns.
Eventually I earned enough money to move to the suburbs where I have not been assaulted in years. But you don’t forget the experience of having guns pointed at your head.
I realize that nothing about my situation can be generalized to anyone else, and that is my point. We are all different in terms of gun risks. It is easy for me to imagine that millions of people are less safe because guns are readily available. That was probably the case for me when I was looking up those gun barrels in San Francisco.
So how do we balance the legitimate safety interests of citizens who find themselves in wildly different risk situations? Some need more guns to feel safe and some need fewer.
The approach least-likely to work is the one we are trying now, in which the President pushes for gun restrictions while responsible gun owners resist. I don’t see that changing, no matter how many mass killings happen.
So here’s one suggestion, based on the rules of persuasion that I have been blogging about lately. The idea is for President Obama (or our next president) to do the following:
Ask the NRA to propose a gun safety plan that addresses the nation’s legitimate concerns. (Ask them to take responsibility for their freedom.)
Ask an independent body (The Swiss?) to score the NRA’s plan for budget impact, practicality, and impact on freedom.
Keep pushing until the NRA comes up with a plan that scores well. Then implement it in one volunteer state, as a test.
Put a billion-joule spotlight on the test, track results, and hold the NRA responsible for the outcome.
If the plan works in one state, expand it. If not, tweak and try again.
Here are a few ideas the NRA might support, although I confess to know little about their organization. I include these for the purpose of creating mental anchors and thinking past the sale. (Those are methods of influence.)
The NRA could propose…
1. A massive government push to provide gun locks and gun safes.
2. More gun safety training requirements.
3. Death penalty (by firing squad to be ironic) for anyone who provides a gun to a future killer without first doing a background check. Under this plan, you can still sell your gun to anyone, but you take the risk of your buyer being a nut. In this model, everyone takes responsibility for their own actions, including private gun sellers.
That is just a starter list, so you can see what a safety-focused effort looks like compared to standard gun control arguments. I don’t intend my list to be a good start for a plan. I am not well-informed on this topic. In this blog we take rough ideas and see if we can shape them up.
See what you can do with this one. Maybe you can save some lives.
Afterthought: A reader of this blog once commented that the safest gun strategy is to publicly announce that you support gun rights while not keeping any firearms in the house.
Due to a combination of rising demand for the beverage among developed countries and the negative impact drought has had on growing coffee beans in Brazil, experts warn that a global coffee shortage is a distinct possibility heading into 2016. What do you think?
Power begins with having a crystal-clear view of reality and what each and every person in your life is driven by. That will take a bit of a “wake-up” call, because we typically choose to be blind to such things as why people do what they do. For some reason, it just seems to be human nature to choose to take people at face value. Yes, that blindness is a choice. You might be wearing rose-colored glasses that are distorting your view of what’s really happening around you and to you.
So let’s “wake up” and get really clear and up-to-date about an element of society we don’t like to think about and wish didn’t exist. I’m talking about the people in your life who are negative and exploitive. They are obstacles to your success, happiness, security, and peace of mind. Once you “get” how they think, feel, and act, they become a puzzle that is easily solved.
There’s an old saying my football coaches used to tell us: “BS the fans, not the players!” I want you to become a player. I say “player” because so much of life is a competition. You may wish it wasn’t, but it is. It becomes pretty clear if you step back and evaluate it. You competed for your mate, your job, your social position, and your friends. You worked hard to create a family, make a home, and maybe build up a nice little “nest egg.” And now you have to fight to protect those things. It seems like we spend the first half of our lives trying to get ahead, creating some stability and building our success, and then we spend the second half just trying to keep people from taking it all away from us. And some of that fight is against people who aren’t like you. They will lie, cheat, steal, use and abuse. They will bully you, molest your children, steal your husband or wife, and take credit for your work. They will sabotage you at every turn. And by the way, they aren’t coming; they already here! They’re in your life and mine, maybe even in your own home or family.
My spiritual upbringing taught me to pray for the misguided people in my life, and I always have and always will, and I hope you do the same for those I your life. But (and this is a big but) praying for them does not mean that we – you and I – shouldn’t also protect ourselves and those we love from them. In fact, it’s our duty to self-protect because, true to their reptilian, nature, these people, like snakes, will inject their venom into us (if not destroy us) without flinching. We must open our eyes to the “games” they play and boldly confront this very negative and unsavory part of our world.
So, how do we refer to these people who cheat, exploit, use, and abuse? I think of them as BAITERs (for people who are “Backstabbers/Abusers/Imposters/Takers/Exploiters/Reckless).”
We are talking about people who believe the “means are justified by the end.” They are totally self-focused and results-oriented, and they are willing to do anything, absolutely anything, to achieve their goal, whatever it may be – a job, a promotion, money, a wife or husband (maybe even yours), attention, an escape from accountability, or anything else they desire. For most people, of course, “anything” may mean only hard work, smart work, dedication, and commitment. But for BAITERs, it may mean taking a darker approach, where they don’t try just to win, but to win at your expense, or where they use you as a stepping-stone or steal your place in the game.
This is an unpleasant picture, I know, but a realistic one nonetheless. These people don’t see the world the way you do. They do not have your standards for relationships. They lack empathy – the “fellow feeling” that enables human beings to appreciate and identify with another person’s emotions. They lack conscience. They lack the ability to feel remorse, and they selfishly and narcissistically pursue whatever their own egos demand. They are, consciously and subconsciously, unscrupulous. They use dirty tricks and under-handed politics. They exploit, abuse, lie, cheat and manipulate. They do not hesitate to commit any nefarious act that will take them closer to their goal. They are committed to win and to win at any cost – and that “cost” is often paid by you.
And the truth is that sometimes, you actually help them hurt you. If you’re like a lot of folks in this world, you’re probably not sure about exactly what it is that you deserve. Am I really worthy of the promotion? Do I really deserve such a great mate? Can I measure up when the pressure is on? Those doubts and questions and a thousand like them can make you tentative in stepping up and boldly claiming what you want. You might even freeze or “choke” under pressure, even if just for a fleeting moment. But it is that tentativeness, that moment of hesitation or doubt that your competition, particularly the BAITER, seizes upon to get an edge against you.
To me, integrity means doing the right thing even if nobody is watching. But for the BAITERs – the exploiters and the abusers – the fact that nobody is watching merely means it’s easier for them to operate. They don’t even bother trying to find reasons or to rationalize their attitude and moves; they are driven by blind ambition and a cutthroat mentality that they access without a second thought, and you lose.
If someone is deliberately causing you pain or harm or putting you at risk or wantonly disregarding your well-being, that person is most certainly a BAITER.
Am I saying you have to become like “them” to win or even survive? No, of course not, but you do have to plug in, engage, and stop letting them abuse you and your trust while you wish that things were different. You do have to play smarter, harder, and better. That means changing what you are doing and how you are thinking.
Courtney, 20, says she was kicked out of her mother’s home when she was 15 years old after a fight about a mess she made in the kitchen and living room. Her mom, Beverly, admits, “It was one of the worst moments ever in my life. I lost control.” But she says Courtney chose to walk out and move in with her father, which led to a bitter custody battle. What really happened? Watch the video above as both women share their points of view.
(AllHipHop News) With all the hype surrounding Drake and Future teaming up for What A Time To Be Alive, it appears Top Dawg Entertainment is not ready to cede any ground in the Hip Hop landscape. The label’s CEO Anthony “Top Dawg” Tiffith hinted on Twitter that TDE may release more music from Kendrick Lamar very soon.
If TDE fans are not able to get fresh tracks from K. Dot in the near future, they can at least expect something coming from Isaiah Rashad. Top Dawg also tweeted the Tennessee emcee will be dropping before the end of the year. Isaiah released his critically acclaimed project Cilvia Demo in 2014.
You can’t change the mistakes you made for love in the past: There’s no way to go back and skip that first date with an ex who was bad news from the start. And there’s no way to tell the younger version of yourself to slow down and stop jumping from relationship to relationship.
The good news is, you can learn from those mistakes. Just ask HuffPost Divorce readers. Below, our followers on Facebookreflect on the hard-won love and relationship lessons they would pass on to their twenty-something selves.
1. “Don’t settle just because you desperately want to have that ideal life with a husband and kids and home. Trust your gut. People most likely won’t change.” — Erin Rockford
2. ”Don’t look for self-validation through the eyes of others.” — Espléndida Mariposa
3. ”You set the tone of your relationship while you’re dating. If you’re always the one to sacrifice while you’re dating you’ll always be the one to sacrifice when you’re married.” — Christina Rodriguez
4.
5. “Never change yourself for the benefit of a man. If he loves you, he’ll love you for who and what you are.” – Wendy Chavez
6. “Enjoy your youth, travel, have friends but don’t commit to one love until you have lived some. Just finishing college is not enough living.” — Erin Rockford
7. “Don’t get married just because you’re sick of dating!” – Sarah Hoyle
8. “If he treats the waiter like s**t on your dates, run for the hills.” – Lisa Thomson
9. “Don’t waste years of your life on something you know is a sinking ship. You can never get that time back.” – Cara Leigh
12. ”Don’t be in such a big hurry to find a man and get married. Go ahead and accept your employer’s offer of free tuition so you can be a dye lab technician. Earn a decent wage, travel around, do the fun things you once dreamed of doing. If he really loves you, he will wait; if he really loves you, he will respect you as a smart and educated woman.” – M. Evelyn Wake
13. “Don’t settle. There will be someone better that comes along. You will not be alone forever and if you are, it will be so much better than spending eternity with someone who can never love you.” – Jillian Therese Godschild
14.
15. ”Follow your heart and instincts, not what everyone else says is ‘right.’ Also, recognize when he’s just not that into you. (My God, I wish that book had been out back then — it would have saved me a lot of heartache!)” — Susan O’Brien
16. “Don’t be so anxious. The right one will come along. Even if it takes another 28 years and he still hasn’t shown up yet, keep the faith.” — Carla Kempert
More from HuffPost:
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Prince has released “This Could B Us,” a new single from his upcoming HitNRun, set to debut through an exclusive partnership with Jay Z‘s subscription streaming service Tidal on September 7. “HitNRun took about 90 days 2 prepare its release,” said Prince in a statement. “If that’s what freedom feels like, HitNRun is what it sounds like.”RTT – MusicWebcam Performers Wanted – Earn $ 100,000 per year!
Joey Chestnut says he may be nutty, but he would carry the Subway banner better than Jared Fogle for sure. Joey was licking his wounds after losing another eating competition Saturday to Matt Stonie at the Day-Lee Foods…
(AllHipHop News) Over the last few weeks, plenty of people have weighed in on the Meek Mill versus Drake drama. Philadelphia rapper Beanie Sigel has now shared his thoughts on the battle which later drew in Ar-Ab. The Broad Street Bully does not seem to be feeling the entire situation, and he even offered advice to fellow Philly rappers Meek and Ab.
PHILLY !!!Typical house niggas quick to turn they back on their own people! I hate yall D*ck heads
Now that I’ve got your attention! I think a lot of you are misinterpreting what I’m saying… See this thing bigger than Nino Brown.. First & foremost who really care about Meek & Drake rap beef…That hole situation gay.. Meek said what he said and Drake did what he did !!! Bottom line. ..I’m not choosing sides in none of this sh*t..For one I can care less plus it’s none of my business. .. I know ,Why would Meek care if Drake didn’t write his own sh*t I don’t know.. I’m going to still bang Drake sh*t just like everybody else is because nobody cares point blank.. I know, why would Meek diss Ar. I don’t know… You have to choose your battles carefully and be prepared for the outcome good or bad.. But this about to move somewhere else beyond rap..“A wise man don’t learn from his own mistakes ,he learns from the mistakes of other.. I told yall “I go through it so you WOULDN’T do it after me”. ..Somebody mite die over this stupid sh*t.. it won’t be Ar.,Meek, or Drake.. it’s going to be one of the entourage … Somebody going to move out to prove they loyalty to something that’s not loyal to them “stupidity ” somebody dies somebody in jail for life over what. You’ll be lucky if a n*gga get you a lawyer send you some flicks & commissary money for a couple months…good luck on that dark skin Jermaine… But what do I know.. I’m just a washed up rapper right? RIGHT ! .. This the sh*t that happens when you turn your back on your people… You don’t advise them on what’s right.. You Don’t tell them they acting like a sucker when they doing sucker sh*t!!! Advice to [AR-Ab] don’t fall for the banana in the tailpipe & sacrifice something or someone over this gay sh*t…do your thing and get your money homie..Advise to [Meek Mill] tighten up your circle, Get them yes men from around you that’s not going to keep it
Ashley Madison users may face more than just marital discord after the dating website’s recent hack.
On Tuesday night, hackers came through on their threat to leak almost 10 gigabytes of user data, revealing information including the names, email addresses and credit card numbers for up to 34 million people allegedly registered on the site, which caters to people looking to cheat on their spouses.
While individuals can search for their spouses’ information, 4chan users — who recently leaked images from a celebrity photo hack — are also combing through the data and looking to out high-profile users.
The potentially devastating fallout of the leak is just beginning, with users of the site and their families being most likely to suffer.
What do these unmasked users face? In addition to the obvious and devastating repercussions for those who were caught cheating — marital conflict, divorce and the rupturing of family ties — users of the site (whether they’ve actually cheated or not) may be subject to psychological trauma, public humiliation and possible blackmail. Public figures and government officials, of course, have the farthest to fall.
“Dealing with an affair in a very public way makes the embarrassment greater and the hurt for the spouse and kids even more devastating,” Dr. Elaine Ducharme, a Connecticut-based clinical psychologist specializing in family trauma and divorce, told The Huffington Post in an email.
So what are some of the psychological impacts of being unmasked as a cheater on the Internet — or having your partner outed as one? Here’s what some experts say we can expect the fallout to look like.
The Curse Of Uncertainty
One of the first likely outcomes is that former users of the site will develop a sense of constant fear.
“There’s a threat out there, and you don’t know when it might hit,” said Dr. Katherine Hertlein, a psychologist at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas who specializes in technology and relationships. “In a case where security is breached or you experience a threat that’s ambiguous — so you don’t really know if or when it’s going to hit you — you spend a lot of your time being hyper-vigilant.”
Users might develop a habit of opening their inboxes and waiting for the worst-case-scenario email from their partner, or becoming tense every time they answer a phone call from their spouse, wondering if they’re about to be exposed.
It’s also likely users will experience a sense of losing control, which may lead to attempts to regain control or protect themselves in any way possible.
“People who use the site really don’t have control of the information that’s out there at this point,” Hertlein said. “When people have that type of traumatic experience, they inherently find ways to take control again.”
One of the most damaging ways people try to gain control is through self-harm and, if taken to the extreme, suicide.
“This is one of the things that may be a concern when someone who is well-known becomes exposed through this Ashley Madison breach,” Hertlein said. “Not only do they have the trauma of humiliation and exposure, and the challenge to the sense of self and impaired sense of identity — they will want to take control back in ways to feel safe again.”
Ruptured Relationships
Whether a cheater is exposed online or face-to-face, the consequences for a relationship are largely the same.
There are some important differences, however, between being caught on the web versus in bed. Being exposed in an online affair tends to be more of a “mind mess” than being caught in the act, Hertlein says, because there’s more of a gray area.
“There is a level of denial that can occur (Well, yes we were talking but nothing physical happened) that can’t occur catching someone in bed, where it’s more obvious,” Hertlein said. “The ambiguity creates a stalemate between couples (You cheated/No, I didn’t), which can prevent healing.”
Public Humiliation And Blackmail
It’s no exaggeration to say this hack has the potential to ruin lives. High-profile Ashley Madison users — perhaps some of those possessing the 15,000 .mil or .gov email addresses released — could face blackmail.
Public humiliation is another concern for well-known figures. Social media has created an aggressive culture of public shaming in which individuals take it upon themselves to inflict psychological damage on others, and sometimes this damage can persist for years. More often than not — as we saw recently in the case of the American dentist who killed Cecil the lion — the punishment goes beyond the scope of the crime.
“We might see these people’s livelihoods being threatened because there might be some damaging effects that involve their career,” Hertlein said. “There would be in some ways a threat to survival or a threat to their identity of who they are as people.”
The report on the police investigation into a deadly four-car accident involving Caitlyn Jenner is being turned over to a prosecutor and could lead to a misdemeanor manslaughter charge against the reality television star, a Los Angeles County Sheriff’s detective said Thursday.
Just before Christmas 2008, Linda and Steven Riley were found brutally stabbed to death in their California home. Their son, Matthew, who found the bodies, was arrested, convicted of murder, and is now serving two consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole.
But Matthew’s aunt, Angela, believes her nephew is innocent while the real killer remains free. “In my eyes, this is a gross miscarriage of justice. My nephew Matt is completely innocent. He did not murder his own parents,” she says. Angela places the blame for his conviction in part on his wife, Jenny, saying her statements about events had differing versions, even when she was under oath. “I don’t think she really wanted him to wind up in prison. I think she just wanted to keep answering the question the way she felt the people wanted her to answer,” Angela explains.
Jenny is adamant her testimony was truthful and that she believes Matt killed his parents. “The only way that I can describe the way Matt was acting is that he wreaked of guilt. It seemed like Matt was hiding something from me,” she says, recalling how Matt attempted suicide two days after his parents were found dead. “Why would he do that if he wasn’t guilty? I felt extremely horrified. It’s the father of my children. How could he murder his own flesh and blood?”
She admits her story about the events on the night of the murder changed, but explains, “I had never testified before. I felt like I had the weight of the world on my shoulders. I did not want to be the one to nail his coffin shut. I changed my story a lot … But there’s not a doubt in my mind that murdered his parents.”
The film about the rise and fall of the groundbreaking hip-hop group NWA had a big weekend not only at the box-office, but also at the Academy, where its screening for members drew a massive crowd and overwhelmingly favorable response.
Now you know what to do if a Planet of the Apes situation occurs, but is an ape takeover actually plausible? Host Quinn Beswick breaks down the likelihood of a primate invasion.WIRED Videos – The Scene
A study that observed nearly half a million people over a seven-year span found that those who consumed more spicy foods such as chili peppers showed a reduced overall risk of death, as well as reduced risk of developing cancer or heart disease. What do you think?
As Dr. Phil theorizes what might be behind a man’s excessive lying in the video above, he describes the characteristics of someone with Narcissistic Personality Disorder, a disorder that may impact over 6 percent of the population and is characterized by five (or more) of the following :
NEW YORK (AP) — Luke Bryan is easily the reigning prince of country music: He's scored 10 No. 1 hits on Billboard's Hot Country songs chart; he's one of a few contemporary acts to sell out stadiums; and he's achieved back-to-back multiplatinum albums. But Bryan, who has been on the music scene for a decade, has yet to earn a Grammy Award — or even a nomination. "I guess a few years ago I kind of was thinking I'd get a Grammy nomination or two and …News, reviews, interviews and more for top artists and albums – MSN Music
ADULT ENTERTAINMENT NEWS UPDATE:Gabby Love’s top pick! Click and enjoy!
What if one day you found out that your high school sweetheart, your husband, the man you slept with every night, and father of your children, was accused of living a secret life? For Kari, that’s what happened when police showed up at her door in 2013.
“My life was turned upside down,” says Kari, who was married to Lonnie for 15 years. “I was awakened to police officers outside my home. They told me that my husband had been arrested on suspicion of kidnapping and possible rape. I was shocked. I thought, this can’t be true. You have the wrong person.”
With Lonnie’s consent, police searched his vehicle after stopping him for a minor traffic violation, where they found handcuffs, ladies’ nylons, syringes, a stun gun, prescription drug vials, adhesive tape, and metal leg shackles — some of the same items that Kari says she had also found around their home but disregarded.
“I just kept saying to myself, ‘This can’t be happening,’” Kari recalls. “Lonnie and I were married for 15 years. It scares me that if they do have the right guy, I laid next to him in bed and had a family with him. Lonnie never showed me any signs of hate toward women. We have two daughters together, and he was the best dad.”
Sarah says her 23-year-old son, Justin, is so consumed with playing video games that he dropped out of college, can’t hold a job, and is emaciated after losing more than 50 pounds. “I absolutely believe Justin’s video game addiction is killing him,” she says about her son, who can spend 30 hours straight in front of a computer screen playing video games.
Justin’s stepfather, Graham, agrees that the situation is “dire.” He says, “When he is gaming, he is completely tuned out. It’s almost catatonic … It’s prevented him from launching as an adult.” He and Sarah say they’ve tried cutting off the gaming and have given Justin ultimatums, to no avail. “At the end of the day, I think Justin is an escapist,” says Graham. “If you took gaming away, he would find some way to escape.”
Fighting tears, Justin admits, “I’d rather live in a virtual world than a real one … I enjoy gaming more than I enjoy life.”
What could be driving his behavior? Has his gaming become an addiction that actually could kill him? On Tuesday’s episode of Dr. Phil, the entire family gets a wake-up call about the health dangers Justin may face. How can he get his life on track? Watch more here.
Scientists warn that media coverage of Republican presidential contender Donald Trump is creating a temporal loop that could potentially destroy the Earth. “The endless reporting of every jackass utterance from Mr. Trump is building what we call a ‘serious-stupid temporal-political convolution’,” says Dr. Sander Von Gelding from the Institute of Dimensional Studies and Sports Apparel (IDSSA). “Journalists, by deliberately giving Mr. Trump air time for each stupid thing he says and justifying it even though they believe he is not a serious candidate, build a continuous serious-stupid feedback which could threaten our political equilibrium, which is precariously stupid enough as it is.”
Von Gelding went on to explain:
Let’s say Mr. Trump holds a press conference in which he announces that, if elected President, he will build a giant laser to fire at Mars because it is sending rapists to Earth to probe us. Media analysts run that announcement, aware of its stupidity, while salivating over ratings it will bring, like the serious drooling dogs they are. Trump responds by insisting Mars will pay for the giant laser. Media analysts respond to Trump’s stupid response, which converts the stupid energy of the original press conference into an equal amount of serious energy, since the media coverage now exists as proof of the original press conference’s serious intent, stupid as it was. Jeb Bush, Marco Rubio, and other Republican candidates follow with their own seriously stupid responses. Soon, the level of serious stupidity increases exponentially until all reality is subsumed by stupidity, Trump has nothing more to say, or we all die, whichever comes first.
Following the IDSSA’s warning, Donald Trump announced he will, indeed, build a giant laser to fire at Mars, claiming, “Ford Motor Company has plans to build a new plant on Mars and take away thousands of jobs on Earth. I’m the only candidate who won’t let that happen.” An apologetic Dr. Von Gelding responded, “Please disregard everything thing I said. Seriously.”
— This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.
Pluto was downgraded from a planet to a dwarf planet in 2006, and Tyson has often been credited with playing a central role in its demotion. During the interview, Colbert tried his hardest to get Tyson to change his position in light of the new images.
“It looks like a planet, it’s got atmosphere, it even has a heart – unlike you,” the comedian said.
Tyson refused to budge.
“[Calling Pluto a planet] would insult all the other planets,” Tyson quipped.
However, the director of the Hayden Planetarium did concede that these terms are all relative.
“Jupiter is more bigger compared to Earth than Earth is compared to Pluto,” Tyson told Colbert. “Jupiter is 11 times wider than Earth and Earth is five times wider than Pluto, so if we were Jovians, Earth would be a dwarf planet too.”
Watch the Pluto chat go down in the video above.
Also on HuffPost:
— This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.
Pluto was downgraded from a planet to a dwarf planet in 2006, and Tyson has often been credited with playing a central role in its demotion. During the interview, Colbert tried his hardest to get Tyson to change his position in light of the new images.
“It looks like a planet, it’s got atmosphere, it even has a heart – unlike you,” the comedian said.
Tyson refused to budge.
“[Calling Pluto a planet] would insult all the other planets,” Tyson quipped.
However, the director of the Hayden Planetarium did concede that these terms are all relative.
“Jupiter is more bigger compared to Earth than Earth is compared to Pluto,” Tyson told Colbert. “Jupiter is 11 times wider than Earth and Earth is five times wider than Pluto, so if we were Jovians, Earth would be a dwarf planet too.”
Watch the Pluto chat go down in the video above.
Also on HuffPost:
— This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.
One of the conservative right’s favorite arguments against legalized same-sex marriage nationwide is that it’s a slippery slope that could lead to polygamy — and if you’re Justice Anthony Scalia or Ben Carson, it could even lead to beastiality. Others argue that drawing a connection between gay marriage and plural marriage is both an irrelevant and unfounded argument. However, one attorney argued on HuffPost Live on earlier this week that polygamy could have legal precedent.
Andy Izenson, an attorney with Diana Adams Law and Mediation who also identifies as polyamorous, explained to host Nancy Redd that the same legal reasoning to protect same-sex marriage under the 14th Amendment “could plausibly” be extended to protect group marriages, presuming it’s consensual.
“The idea that a three-person or four-person union between consenting adults is not fundamentally different from a two-person union between consenting adults is absolutely legit,” Izenson said.
But she added that the conservative “slippery slope” rhetoric that somehow leads to “beastiality and then people marrying their toasters” is baseless because it negates the need for consent. Izenson said Scalia invokes these presumptions as a means of scaring people because he’s perturbed by the country’s current socio-political climate.
“He’s just trying to scare people. It’s not actually a thing to be concerned about. It discounts the fact that as individuals, and as a society, we actually have the capacity to make rational reasoned choices about what we do,” she said, later adding, “But as long as you’ve got a consensual union between adults who know what they’re doing, then I think the logic is sound.”
| 56,735 |
PP Online Dynasty Owners
After a few days of sign-ups this serves as the announcement for the two Pastapadre Online Dynasties being run. One utilizes Teambuilder and the other is traditional. If you did not make it in and would like to be considered for the waiting list continue to frequent the forums to take advantage of any openings that come up in the future. There will certainly be reasons for replacements throughout. Also if you would like to organize your own dynasty to run in the forums feel free to contact myself or Fred via PM. Continue on for the full lineup.
But Seriously I think this has changed a little from last but can't wait to do for my first time. And I have NCAA 09
JohnZapp
But Seriously I think this has changed a little from last but can't wait to do for my first time. And I have NCAA 09
t daley
Played the Demo for this game this past weekend and i have to say that this game feels HORRIBLE. The color scheme looks as if someone threw up a bowl of fuit loops all over my screen. The gameplay feels quite sluggish.
I am not impressed one bit with this game and I would suggest you keep last years game vice this. I just don't hope they jacked up Madden this year. If NCAA is any indication of what madden will be like then I guess football will be out of the question.
waahaa
thanks for the game review. now i won't buy the game with the help to your expert advice. you must really know your video games. the color scheme was a little fruit loopy, i wish they could make it sparkle and dazzle like the stars in the sky. the gameplay is sluggish, i mean it was like my players were running in quicksand and the cheerleaders took 4 sec to pull a backflip instead of the 2 sec it took in the past. please set up your own blog so we can become well informed about what games to buy.
t daley
Played the Demo for this game this past weekend and i have to say that this game feels HORRIBLE. The color scheme looks as if someone threw up a bowl of fuit loops all over my screen. The gameplay feels quite sluggish.
I am not impressed one bit with this game and I would suggest you keep last years game vice this. I just don't hope they jacked up Madden this year. If NCAA is any indication of what madden will be like then I guess football will be out of the question.
waahaa
thanks for the game review. now i won't buy the game with the help to your expert advice. you must really know your video games. the color scheme was a little fruit loopy, i wish they could make it sparkle and dazzle like the stars in the sky. the gameplay is sluggish, i mean it was like my players were running in quicksand and the cheerleaders took 4 sec to pull a backflip instead of the 2 sec it took in the past. please set up your own blog so we can become well informed about what games to buy.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Pharrell1 Pharrell1
What if someones 360 red rings will they automatically be kicked off the dynasty? pasta.
http://intensedebate.com/people/pastapadre pastapadre
Not necessarily. The dynasty would have to go on though so weeks would be simmed. But if the person was going to return to the dynasty they wouldnt just be booted.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Sidewinder Sidewinder
I just got a new Xbox from the repair center for the 6th time because of that, so hopefully I'll be safe for at least another couple of months. lol.
hggg
theres a trick to not getting it broken
a. its called not overplaying it.
b. if it doesnt read disk, the disk tray is just dirty
c. play it sideways not standing up .
http://intensedebate.com/people/Sidewinder Sidewinder
A) I hadn't played in a week and then played for 10 minutes before I got the red lights.
B) Disk was fine
C) It is sideways with plenty of space behind it for ventalation.
I guess it's just terrible luck.
http://www.intensedebate.com/people/Sidewinder Sidewinder
A) I hadn't played in a week and then played for 10 minutes before I got the red lights.
B) Disk was fine
C) It is sideways with plenty of space behind it for ventalation.
I guess it's just terrible luck.
http://www.intensedebate.com/people/Sidewinder Sidewinder
A) I hadn't played in a week and then played for 10 minutes before I got the red lights.
b) Disk was fine
C) It is sideways with plenty of space behind it for ventalation.
I guess it's just terrible luck. Although they say only 25% of people get it so getting it 6 times might mean I'm doing something wrong that I don't know about.
http://intensedebate.com/people/rezluk Rezluk
i am very interested in the teambuiler wild card spot pasta my gamertag is ckykmk088
http://intensedebate.com/people/Pharrell1 Pharrell1
What if someones 360 red rings will they automatically be kicked off the dynasty? pasta.
http://intensedebate.com/people/pastapadre pastapadre
Not necessarily. The dynasty would have to go on though so weeks would be simmed. But if the person was going to return to the dynasty they wouldnt just be booted.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Sidewinder Sidewinder
I just got a new Xbox from the repair center for the 6th time because of that, so hopefully I'll be safe for at least another couple of months. lol.
hggg
theres a trick to not getting it broken
a. its called not overplaying it.
b. if it doesnt read disk, the disk tray is just dirty
c. play it sideways not standing up .
http://intensedebate.com/people/Sidewinder Sidewinder
A) I hadn't played in a week and then played for 10 minutes before I got the red lights.
B) Disk was fine
C) It is sideways with plenty of space behind it for ventalation.
I guess it's just terrible luck.
http://www.intensedebate.com/people/Sidewinder Sidewinder
A) I hadn't played in a week and then played for 10 minutes before I got the red lights.
B) Disk was fine
C) It is sideways with plenty of space behind it for ventalation.
I guess it's just terrible luck.
http://www.intensedebate.com/people/Sidewinder Sidewinder
A) I hadn't played in a week and then played for 10 minutes before I got the red lights.
b) Disk was fine
C) It is sideways with plenty of space behind it for ventalation.
I guess it's just terrible luck. Although they say only 25% of people get it so getting it 6 times might mean I'm doing something wrong that I don't know about.
http://intensedebate.com/people/rezluk Rezluk
i am very interested in the teambuiler wild card spot pasta my gamertag is ckykmk088
Tescalumni2000
Wow, I was first to sign up and didn't make it in? Pretty FN lame. Considering I work from home, have perfect availability, and was ranked high on last year's game, I just don't understand your selection process?
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
Looking at the forums, I would guess you didnt get in because your sign up was your only post ever. You might be the morst hardocre and dedicated player on the thread but with out having any way of really knowing the type of person you are from the forums, it isnt too hard to imagine you not getting picked.
Pasta is a pretty fair guy, I can attest to that from personal experience. Make some useful/interesting posts and prove your a part of the community and I imagine it will go along way in perhaps getting in on one of the first replacements spots.
Also, if you hit the forums, you might even be able to put together your own Dynasty with other guys that didnt get in or are just looking for a league.
nigga
bitch shut the fuck up
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
Class act.
Case for not letting anonymous posts right here.
Tescalumni2000
Wow, I was first to sign up and didn't make it in? Pretty FN lame. Considering I work from home, have perfect availability, and was ranked high on last year's game, I just don't understand your selection process?
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
Looking at the forums, I would guess you didnt get in because your sign up was your only post ever. You might be the morst hardocre and dedicated player on the thread but with out having any way of really knowing the type of person you are from the forums, it isnt too hard to imagine you not getting picked.
Pasta is a pretty fair guy, I can attest to that from personal experience. Make some useful/interesting posts and prove your a part of the community and I imagine it will go along way in perhaps getting in on one of the first replacements spots.
Also, if you hit the forums, you might even be able to put together your own Dynasty with other guys that didnt get in or are just looking for a league.
nigga
bitch shut the fuck up
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
Class act.
Case for not letting anonymous posts right here.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Borquette Borquette
i would be interested in a ps3 online dynasty. never done it before so, whatever…
baaabaduhdaduhdanana GATOR BAIT!!!!!!!!!!!!!
http://intensedebate.com/people/Borquette Borquette
i would be interested in a ps3 online dynasty. never done it before so, whatever…
baaabaduhdaduhdanana GATOR BAIT!!!!!!!!!!!!!
quan
Idk I'm joining an Online Franchise through Operation Sports. I doubt I'll have the time.
quan
Idk I'm joining an Online Franchise through Operation Sports. I doubt I'll have the time.
Tmoney
Dang, i was like the 4th one to sign up…what happen pasta?
http://intensedebate.com/people/pastapadre pastapadre
It wasn't based on order of sign-ups. Inevitably I had to leave some people out which is tough, I hate that feeling. But if you stick around and keep an eye out for openings they will come.
Tmoney
ok, i'll be lookin out…
Tmoney
Dang, i was like the 4th one to sign up…what happen pasta?
http://intensedebate.com/people/pastapadre pastapadre
It wasn't based on order of sign-ups. Inevitably I had to leave some people out which is tough, I hate that feeling. But if you stick around and keep an eye out for openings they will come.
Tmoney
ok, i'll be lookin out…
http://intensedebate.com/people/floridagatorfan floridagatorfan
Awesome, made it in. I was actually on the fence about getting this game but now I'll definately get it.
http://intensedebate.com/people/floridagatorfan floridagatorfan
Awesome, made it in. I was actually on the fence about getting this game but now I'll definately get it.
http://intensedebate.com/people/dmcnabb5 dmcnabb5
so can i pick any team pasta to replace…?? any certain conference
http://intensedebate.com/people/dmcnabb5 dmcnabb5
so can i pick any team pasta to replace…?? any certain conference
http://intensedebate.com/people/Ramboner Ramboner
So pasta, should i go ahead and create my team on team builder?
http://intensedebate.com/people/Ramboner Ramboner
So pasta, should i go ahead and create my team on team builder?
http://intensedebate.com/people/floridagatorfan floridagatorfan
Are there any set guidelines on what we should set for our program info? For example, program prestige and the recruiting pitch grades.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Ramboner Ramboner
Would like to know this as well
http://intensedebate.com/people/floridagatorfan floridagatorfan
Are there any set guidelines on what we should set for our program info? For example, program prestige and the recruiting pitch grades.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Ramboner Ramboner
Would like to know this as well
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
This is gonna be great guys. I cant wait! I am going to get working on making the perfect team and building a site to hype it.
Ugh, but now I am going to feel motivated to actually hook up the extra router I bought LAST YEAR so I can have my 360 and PC connected at the same time (our network is huge, 3PCs, 3 360's, 2 Laptops, Wii). But climbing behind the TV does not sound fun. At least I can get the XWing Model and Optimus Prime toy I dropped back there.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
This is gonna be great guys. I cant wait! I am going to get working on making the perfect team and building a site to hype it.
Ugh, but now I am going to feel motivated to actually hook up the extra router I bought LAST YEAR so I can have my 360 and PC connected at the same time (our network is huge, 3PCs, 3 360's, 2 Laptops, Wii). But climbing behind the TV does not sound fun. At least I can get the XWing Model and Optimus Prime toy I dropped back there.
While most people in the Custom League probably already have their teams made (or at least know what they are doing), I would like to call more attention to the color site. This has really helped me find good color schemes for the uni's…http://colorschemedesigner.com/
If you screencapture the color palete and upload it as a logo (then replace the logo with a real one), you can really expand your color options.
Also, anyone can feel free to PM me in the ofrums for any help.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
Also wanted to point out the List of Team Names with AUDIO on that thread. That might help.
While most people in the Custom League probably already have their teams made (or at least know what they are doing), I would like to call more attention to the color site. This has really helped me find good color schemes for the uni's…http://colorschemedesigner.com/
If you screencapture the color palete and upload it as a logo (then replace the logo with a real one), you can really expand your color options.
Also, anyone can feel free to PM me in the ofrums for any help.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
Also wanted to point out the List of Team Names with AUDIO on that thread. That might help.
http://intensedebate.com/people/dmcnabb5 dmcnabb5
cant wait for july 15th…..RHODE ISLAND DEVILS!!! …any ways…pasta…the 12 of us should all exchage numbers like i told u…just a suggestion..would make things run smoooother…..well get at me pasta..im not sure on wat teams im aloud to replace…and limitations on prestige.,..pretty much more rules u know..
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
I'll put together some contact sheets with what info I can find, then pass them along to Pasta where he can track down whatever else is missing.
The RULES are certainly something I would like to know about as well.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
I put together a spreadsheet for the TeamBuilder Dynasty and willl do the same for the Traditional one soon enough.
I will send out PM's to people in the next day or so, to collect info from them.
http://intensedebate.com/people/dmcnabb5 dmcnabb5
cant wait for july 15th…..RHODE ISLAND DEVILS!!! …any ways…pasta…the 12 of us should all exchage numbers like i told u…just a suggestion..would make things run smoooother…..well get at me pasta..im not sure on wat teams im aloud to replace…and limitations on prestige.,..pretty much more rules u know..
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
I'll put together some contact sheets with what info I can find, then pass them along to Pasta where he can track down whatever else is missing.
The RULES are certainly something I would like to know about as well.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
I put together a spreadsheet for the TeamBuilder Dynasty and willl do the same for the Traditional one soon enough.
I will send out PM's to people in the next day or so, to collect info from them.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
Pasta, any chance I can change my team in the Traditional Dynasty to Ole Miss? On second thought I dont want to play in the Mountain West. Plus I didnt realize how many people Utah lost.
Ole Miss is a better team, but I will be playing in the much tougher SEC.
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
Pasta, any chance I can change my team in the Traditional Dynasty to Ole Miss? On second thought I dont want to play in the Mountain West. Plus I didnt realize how many people Utah lost.
Ole Miss is a better team, but I will be playing in the much tougher SEC.
michael
I like how im replacing unc and u put a unc pic up lol just noticed that…
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
I swear to God… I seen this post like 5 times already and just now when I saw it, I wondered if the guy who took UNC noticed the pic…. Honest!
michael
I like how im replacing unc and u put a unc pic up lol just noticed that…
http://intensedebate.com/people/Radie Radie
I swear to God… I seen this post like 5 times already and just now when I saw it, I wondered if the guy who took UNC noticed the pic…. Honest!
DA Compton King
do u know where i can get the real player names> like what gamertag has done this so u can get em from ea locker?
DA Compton King
do u know where i can get the real player names> like what gamertag has done this so u can get em from ea locker?
http://intensedebate.com/people/NFBCPlayer NFBCPlayer
Hi guys,
I am new to NCAA, I have always played Madden. Can someone take a little time to explain Online Dynasty? Why does everyone seem to like it? Does it count towards your online record?
( because, in madden if you play onoine leagues, it DOESNT count towards your record).
Hi guys,
I am new to NCAA, I have always played Madden. Can someone take a little time to explain Online Dynasty? Why does everyone seem to like it? Does it count towards your online record?
( because, in madden if you play onoine leagues, it DOESNT count towards your record).
| 17,363 |
Looking Ahead for Rapid Transit
Article |
October 17, 2012 - 10:00pm
In celebration of final local approval of West Eugene EmX, a party to celebrate and thank everyone who has worked to support EmX is being planned for 5:30 to 7 pm Tuesday, Oct. 23, at the Broadway Commerce Center, 44 W. Broadway. Mayor Kitty Piercy, LTD Board Chair Greg Evans and other local leaders are expected to attend. RSVP to [email protected]
What’s next for EmX? The LTD Board has approved proceeding into the design and development stages of the West Eugene EmX Extension. Meanwhile, LTD and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) are completing the Environmental Analysis (EA) review process.
“If the FTA finds that all significant impacts have been avoided or mitigated, a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) will be issued to complete the environmental planning and review process,” according to the LTD website.
After receiving funding authorization, LTD will begin developing detailed project designs. LTD will work with property owners along the corridor on project refinements that best meet the interests of property owners, businesses and the project. After the 18- to 24-month final design process is completed, “construction would progress in segments along the route to minimize the duration of construction at any location,” says LTD. “Given this schedule, the new West Eugene EmX service would open to the public in 2017. LTD hopes to accelerate this timeline, if possible.”
LTD says the EmX Extension will benefit the community in several ways:
• Improvements along West 6th, 7th, and 11th avenues will increase capacity at eight major intersections, add 5.9 miles of new street pavement and add 4.7 miles of upgraded sidewalks.
• Two new bike/pedestrian bridges over Amazon Creek will provide connections to West 11th.
• An additional 8.8 new round-trip miles will be added to EmX for a total of 24 round-trip miles.
• Travel time will improve for both transit and regular traffic along the entire west Eugene corridor.
| 2,051 |
Top Five New iPhone Games and Apps
The craze of iPhones, smartphones, iPads and other gadgets are increasing day by day. Game and interesting applications are highly responsible for it. There are so many attractive games and applications are available in OS based phone that you want to play. Daily some latest updates about smartphone games and applications are available. These are top five new iPhone games that you can play for great fun.
Miitomo
Miitomo is the funniest social messaging application that has been launched on 31st March 2016. This application is available for iOS and Android devices like iPhones, iPads, and all smartphones that are based on Android Operating System. There are various unique features are added on it that is different from Whatsapp, we chat and other social messaging applications. You can make funniest pictures and animations of your friend that is very entertaining. Customize dress, hair, face and other part of the body by using tools that are available in Miitomo application. This is the unique application that you should download and share to all your friends. For more details you can watch the given video.
Flail Rider
Flail Rider is an interesting game that is supported by all iOS devices like iPhones, iPads, etc. In this game you have to drive a small car that drag a trailer behind you. You can enjoy this game by playing it smartly, you have to destroy all things that you will see in the game theme. Graphics and sound quality is awesome and it can be played into iPhone4, iPhone5, iPads, iPhone6 and upcoming models.
Hammer Bomb
Hammer Bomb is the latest game and and it is very enjoyable and supported through all Apple devices like iPhones, iPads and also through iPods. If you are feeling bored, then you should play Hammer Bomb game that is full of action. It is released on 30 March 2016 and the file size of this game is 63.3 MB. The Hammer Bomb can be installed in all iPhone, iPads and iPods devices that contains at least iOS 7.0.
Minecraft Story Mode – Episode 5
Are you excited to play Minecraft Story Mode – Episode 5, then you should know this game has been launched recently with more attractive levels. As you know the episode 4 is enjoyable but the episod 5 is much better than previous episodes. 3D interface, good graphics quality attract you to play this game always. Minecraft Story Mode Episode 5 is one in top five new iPhone games that are launched recently. So if you are using Apple devices like iPhones, iPads, then you should try this game at once.
Walking Dead: Michonne – Episode 2
It feels like real game, in Walking Dead: Michonne – Episode 1 you have faced various chalanges and adventures. Again Walking Dead: Michonne game comes in episode 2 with so many action events and the graphics quality of this game is awesome. Your iPhone and iPad can easily support Walking Dead: Michonne – Episode 2 game. All Apple devices in which iOS 7.0 has installed can easily support this game.
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Related Information for MartinThere is more than one artist with this name:1. Martin Svensson, Sweden2. Martin (alternative rock band), Brazil3. Martin Hoberg Hedegaard, Denmark4. Martin van de Vrugt, The Netherlands5. Martin (leftfield) London6. Martin Ricca, Argentina7. Martin (punk band), United States1) Martin Svensson is a Swedish singer, musician and author. He made his breakthrough in 1997 with the track "Rymdraket" from his debut album "Pojkdrömm.. read more
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Geeks To Go is a helpful hub, where thousands of volunteer geeks quickly serve friendly answers and support. Check out the forums and get free advice from the experts. Register now to gain access to all of our features, it's FREE and only takes one minute. Once registered and logged in, you will be able to create topics, post replies to existing threads, give reputation to your fellow members, get your own private messenger, post status updates, manage your profile and so much more.
Problems recognising USB devices
collinsdayle
Posted 28 May 2008 - 01:01 PM
collinsdayle
Member
Member
15 posts
Hi,
I'm having a number of problems with my USB devices. It started happening all of a sudden and various devices are not being recognised. For example my webcam, printer, Garmin GPS, camera and telephone aren't recognised. When I disconnect them and then reconnect I get a bubble from the system tray saying the device is not recognised. Although it was working fine before.
Using the device manager I've tried to update the drivers, but windows tells me that the installed drivers are the most up to date. Although, when I try to get information about the drivers it tells me there aren't any installed for the device! The only thing I've found to work is to select the option to uninstall the drivers and then try to reinstall / update them, but this only works on some occasions and only works temporarily (i.e. at some point it will tell me that it can't recognise this device again).
Posted 30 May 2008 - 02:29 PM
collinsdayle
Posted 02 June 2008 - 01:51 PM
This is something I haven't tried but will. Hopefully I can try plugging them into my work computer although I won't be able to install the software. I will let you know how I get on.
It seems odd that all the devices failed at the same time and now sometimes work although this is intermittent. Also, the computer obviously recognises the fact that some devices have been connected. Specific example include:
Mobile Phone - I have a windows mobile based phone. When I connected the phone in the past ActiveSync would run and start syncronising the phone with my computer. Now what happens is a ballon appears from the task bar that reads "USB not recognised - one of the USB devices attached to this computer has malfunctioned and windows cannot recognise it". I've tried reinstalling ActiveSync and the associated drives for my phone but it doesn't make any difference
Garmin Forerunner 305 wrist GPS - When I connected my GPS in the past then a bubble would appear saying that it recognised a Garmin GPS device. I was then able to run the associated Garmin Training Centre application and download the information to my computer. What happens now is absolutely nothing when I attached my Garmin GPS. It's doesn't even show up in My Computer.
Camera - When I connected my Casio Exilim to the computer then Picasa photo album used to load and ask me if I wanted to download new pictures to my computer. Now it says the save as for my mobile phone e.g. "USB not recognised".
Printer & Webcam - These used to come up with the "USB not recognised" message. However, for some reason or because of something I've done they no longer say this and work fine.
Neil Jones
Posted 02 June 2008 - 03:39 PM
Neil Jones
Member 5k
Member
8,476 posts
If all the devices have failed at home this can be a Windows issue or (less likely) an issue with the USB ports themselves.
If they all work at work then the issue is with your system at home.
Also isolate each device as its not uncommon that one device can suck up all the power meaning nothing else gets a look in.
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Overview of Work
Learn about some of Aircom's innovative work. Get in touch and we'll see what we can do for you.
PT Thermowell
In 2003, one of our customers needed to reduce the number of leak points in a system they were manufacturing. We worked on the problem and developed this product specifically for the application. This product allows for temperature and pressure measurement through a single 1/2 inch NPT connection. We've since made several modifications, and now sell several for use in compressor packages.
Boiler Tube Block (BTB)
In 2002, we were asked to design a temperature sensor that could more reliably measure furnace tube metal temperature. Today, this patented product is now commonly used in the worst operating environments on boiler tubes and process furnaces.
Pipe Shoe Riser
This product was recently developed to have local indication of surface temperature on pipelines or piping systems. The primary advantage is that the sensor is external to the pipe, so modifications to the piping system are not required. The sensor is fastened to the pipe with hose clamps and is in constant contact with pipe surface and is typically mounted under the insulation. The sensor can be replaced without removing the insulation from the pipe. There is also a field termination point where long lead wire lengths would normally be used. The sensor is also available with a flex-armor assembly that can be placed on alternate plains and reduces the cooling effects for a more accurate measurement.
Break To Length Thermocouple & RTD Sensor
In an effort to reduce the number of tools and the amount of inventory required by a customer to be able to replace sensors in a facility, we developed the BTL sensor in 16 and 24 inch lengths. Being able to 'break' the sensor at one inch increments means that one sensor can replace many sensors of various lengths in a customer's inventory. A screw driver and pliers removes the need for the technician to use multiple parts and multiple tools to 'make' the required sensor. Sensing elements are hermetically sealed to increase life span and the design reduces the amount of labor required to replace a sensor in an assembly.
Bleed Ring Thermowell Assembly
The customer required a temperature measurement as close to the discharge of a pump as possible. As no modifications could be made to the pump housing and no entry ports existed, we provided the customer with a Thermowell mounted into a bleed ring that could be mounted between the flanges that connect the pump to the process.
10,000 psi Sample Cylinder
Computalog / Precision Drilling needed a high pressure sample cylinder made out of special material (Monel 400) for downhole application in the oil and gas industry. We've developed a similar 10,000 psi cylinder for Core Labs. We often do custom sample cylinder manufacturing for unique applications such as this, and we're presently working on another 10,000 lb cylinder used for taking samples off new well locations. This photo illustrates various cylinders that we have customized.
5,000 psi Autoclave
A customer, a local chemical producer, needed this high pressure/high temperature autoclave made from Hastelloy-C for testing highly corrosive materials such as sour gas, chlorines, and acids. Aircom's corrosive resistant test vessels are custom designed for a variety of temperature, pressure and alloy options.
Computer Assisted Laser Welding
Aircom partners with the best in the industry to offer laser welding, which is valuable when a high level of precision is necessary.
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Smooth Approve
plugin has been rebuilt adding compatibility with latest Classipress 3.5.4+
starting with version 2.0, you can use the plugin to moderate free ads even if the payments system is enabled. Smooth Approve will handle moderation if the total ad cost is 0 (zero).
Handy plugin that enhances default ClassiPress ad status moderation features, adding new options that will help you approve user submitted ads more easily.
So far, these are the options you can use:
Besides the current known options that already exist in ClassiPress; “Published” and “Pending Review”, this plugin introduces 2 new options:
Select the number of approved and published ads a user needs to have to be able to publish his ads live without your moderation, only moderate those who have less than X number of live ads published.
You can also choose to save the history of the ads you approve or delete for every user and use that instead of current number of active live ads.
(This is preferred as it preserves the count if you delete expired ads or you let the users delete their own ads.)
This works similar to a User Reputation System:
Every time you approve a pending ad, that user gets 1 point.
If you delete a published ad, he loses 1 point.
If you need to delete an active ad without user losing reputation, I suggest you set that ad to draft and then delete it.
You also have the option to manually edit each user’s reputation score in WP-Admin – Users
If a user drops to reputation 0, either manually or dynamically, that user won’t be able to gain reputation and post live ads without your intervention.
This is the best solution if you don’t want or don’t have time to manually review all pending ads but also don’t feel comfortable letting new, untrusted users post live ads. You can even set a higher reputation score needed in order to publish live ads without moderation and then manually edit and raise the reputation of the users you know and trust.
v1.1 – 23.04.2013
– added option to save the number of approved ads in the database
– added emails to notify both owner and admin on Publish to Pending action
– added the option to send an email to the ad owner of pending ads that are being moved to trash (declined)
– added code required for localization, the plugin is now fully translatable.
v1.2 – 14.05.2013
-added option to save number of deleted ads for each user
– added option to edit user reputation score in wp-admin – users
v1.3 – 30.05.2013
– minor bug fixes
– added .pot translation file
v2.0 – 01.04.2016
– plugin has been rebuilt adding compatibility with latest Classipress 3.5.4
– starting with version 2.0, you can use the plugin to moderate free ads even if the payments system is enabled. Smooth Approve will handle moderation if the total ad cost is 0 (zero).
There is no such option but you do have the “Relist ad” option in Classipress that allows users to re list expired ads. All you have to do is to set a lower expire date and Classipress notifies the user that his ad is about to expire.
Hi Lee, Child theme is called Jibo but it hasn’t been released yet. It’s under review by Appthemes at the moment. Check back in a couple of days, if everything goes fine, you should find it here in the Marketplace.
2. As you can see, I’ve amended the registration form on the theme
(http://nostringscasualencounters.com/register/). When the site
administrators decide to approve users or not, I want them to be able to
access the information that they type into these boxes. Where will it be
displayed as it isn’t currently under the user section on WordPress?
Will your plugin help with this?
Did you get support for this David?
I just installed this plugin and hoping that it works well.
I found that if installed after site is lunched, the reputation is set to blank.
I was hoping it would migrate over the existing amount of approved adverts a user already has.
Not really wanting to go an manually edit 800+ users
I am also using the Verified Members plugin, hopefully that still works as I have those set to publish straight away without moderation.
I’ll look into the problem Shaun. I don’t know how Verified Members works. If Smooth Approve works properly, it should moderate those who don’t have the required number of ads previously approved.
Did you previously verify those members manually?
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Prices and times vary for each tour operator, so call the landing or visit their website (links above) for information and reservations. Group reservations should be made by calling Cabrillo Whalewatch at (310) 548-8397.
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Mar 3, 2010
Dying for Love
Usually these stories are first-hand accounts, but this is a story about my best friend, Beth. She cannot tell it herself because she died a long time ago, when she was 16. We had been friends since kindergarten and I knew her as well as she knew herself, so I am pretty qualified in assuming what was going though her head that night, and the moments leading up to the accident.
6 months before that night, she fell head-over-heels for a guy at our school that was 2 years older than us. She really was infatuated by this guy. I would say that we hung out with a bunch of pretty well mannered girls – we didn’t get into trouble or do anything extra rebellious. This guy threw a wrench into our group. He was the typical clichéd bad boy and I really saw through him, but not Beth. She didn’t really have any experience with guys, usually too shy to initiate anything, so when this guy took interest in her, she melted at his every word. After a few months, she had fallen deeper and deeper – it was affecting our friendship a little bit, and definitely affecting her school work. She was a straight ‘A’ student, but had started failing a couple tests. The more she loved him, the less he loved her back. I told her on numerous occasions to not be so needy, but she got angry with me and told me to mind my own damn business.
By the time this ill-fated night approached, he was really over her and she was panicked about it, like their relationship was hanging off a cliff and she was desperately digging her nails into the ground to try and save it. It was apparent to a few of us that he was just using her for an easy date on the weekends. He didn’t really want anything to do with her during the week or at school anymore.
This Saturday night, he asked her to go along with him to a party and she jumped at the invitation. I had a part-time job and was working that night, so I didn’t go with them. They had stopped at one of his friends’ house first and he had had a few drinks. They were there longer than originally planned – this quick stop lasted a couple of hours. Beth’s mom had called her at about 10.30pm to see where she was. This wasn’t out of the ordinary – like I mentioned earlier, she was a good girl, had a great relationship with her mom, and always kept her mom informed as to where she was and what she was doing.
“Has he been drinking?”
“No mom! Don’t be silly. Trust me.”
“It’s not you I don’t trust, honey... it’s him I don’t trust. I can be there in 10 minutes to pick you up. You just say the word.”
“Mom! I’ll be fine. Love you! Bye.”
Her mother told me some time later about this conversation, so I can re-tell it with accuracy. I knew her so well and without a doubt this is what was going through Beth’s mind: If I tell him that my mom is coming to pick me up, he will think I’m a loser! If I don’t go with him to the party, he’ll probably hook up with some other chick, and I can’t let that happen. No way! Besides, it’s only 5 minutes up the road, we’ll be fine. It’s not like he’s stumbling; he’s only had a couple beers. Worst case scenario is that I get mom to pick me up from the party in a little while. No big deal.
What happened next? They got into his car and proceeded to the party. The stretch between the 2 houses was a favourite amongst speeders to begin with. It was a 60km zone and by the time he got to the inclining curve near the opposite end, he was up to about 120km, because that was the speed they estimated he was going when he lost control and slammed into a concrete pole. Beth was killed instantly and he walked away with only minor injuries.
He was released on probation after only serving 3 years in jail... but I lost my best friend, and her mother lost her daughter forever. If only she wasn’t so desperate to hold on to this loser, but I could sit here and write about “what if” scenarios all day. She was a smart young woman that let her insecurities over one guy cloud her judgement for a moment, and she paid for it with her life.
There is a permanent memorial wrapped around that pole and although I greatly try to avoid that stretch of road, whenever I do drive past, I always tell her that I have missed her every day since.
4 comments:
thanks i hope all my parts have been sent.i fyou could just edit the language mistakes that didnt see then that would be great because id really like you to publish it so i can seek help and get advice asap.please
Thank you so much for responding, you have no idea how much this means to me. i apologise once again for the language errors. Its because i was typing so fast and was rather angry that i didnt realise all the spelling mistakes. But thanks again- cant wait to read what great advice you will be giving.
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As the pace of urbanization accelerates and population and building densities increase, particularly across larger cities, there's much less park space available for people to enjoy. With less investment outlay and a smaller area required, 'pocket parks' could provide the solution for the creation of highly sought-after spaces for activities in high-density city environments. They can be beautiful, green areas that increase the ecological benefits of the environment, and would help improve and satisfy the local resident's need to enjoy a space outdoors. This book studies the characteristics of the pocket park and the relationship between the landscape and people, and it is perfect source material for landscape designers and urban planners.
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The construction is essentially the same as the kids skirt. Just a few changes and the math is different….
Since it’s been a little while since I’ve had a sewing tutorial on here, and since this IS a sewing blog…
Here you go!!
To begin you will need:
1- 4.25″ x 44 ” piece for the top skirt (just cut it the width of your fabric)
1- 5″ x 44″ piece for the underskirt
1- 2″ x 44″ piece for the skirt band
1 – 15″ x 4.5″ piece for the waistband.
You will also need:
1 package of rick rack
11″ of 1/4″ elastic
Sew the skirt band to the underskirt using a 1/4″ seam
Press seam towards skirt band
Sew sides of underskirt together. Press seam open
Turn under bottom edge of skirt band 1/4″ and press.
Fold skirt band so that the folded edge is flush with the seam between the underskirt and skirt band.
Press
On right side of fabric, top stitch skirt band in place. Making sure to catch folded edge of skirt band as you sew.
Stitch rick rack to bottom edge of top skirt piece. Stitch as close to the center of the rick rack as possible.
Turn rick rack under to wrong side of fabric and press.
Stitch upper skirt together. Press open, trim excess rick rack.
Top stitch rick rack in place.
Sew short sides of waistband piece together. Press seam open.
On both the top skirt and underskirt pieces, run 2 rows of gathering stitches 1/4″ and 1/2″ from the top of the fabric.
Mark the center of all 3 pieces (waistband, top skirt and underskirt).
Beginning with top skirt, pull up on the gathering stitches so that the skirt piece will fit inside the waistband piece. Match right sides together, match centers and seams.
Pin in place
Pull up on the gathering threads for underskirt piece.
Place it inside the waistband/top skirt piece. Match the right side of the underskirt to the wrong side of the top skirt.
Pin in place… You will have a “sandwich” with the waistband on top, then the top skirt in the middle and the underskirt on the bottom.
Sew through all 3 layers.
It will look like this when you are done:
Turn skirt inside out. Fold the waist band in half so that the raw edge of the waistband overlaps the seam of the skirt/waistband by about 1/2″
Press.
Sew a seam 1/2″ from the top folded edge of the waistband. This will be the casing for your elastic. Leave an opening to feed the elastic through.
To finish:.
Thread elastic through the casing, sew elastic together then sew the opening closed.
Fold under the raw edge of the waistband 1/4″ and whip stitch down. (since it is a skirt for a doll you could also use iron on seam tape to tack it down).
Clip threads
You’re done!
Related
Melissa Mortenson is the author of the Polka Dot Chair blog which is in its 7th year of sharing fresh and creative ideas with readers. She is the author of "Project Teen, Handmade Gifts your Teen will Actually Love". Her first fabric line "Derby Style" debuted in January 2015 through Riley Blake Designs. A mom of 3, she considers herself lucky to be living in Kentucky.
Melissa, this is so cute! Great job! Nora Kate just got her first AG doll for Christmas and she loves it! It happens to be Kit, and now she wants her hair cut like Kit’s, which I think we may do if her head wound ever heals up! Thanks for sharing in a tutorial!
This is A-DOR-A-BLE! My girls would love one and the both have an Am. Girl who would love them too. By the way, I LOVE your blog! Its on my favorites list! I’m totally with you on the “bee in my bonnet.” It’s the story of my life… and my blog. Ha!
whew! that is a ton of work for a dolls skirt… but the look on a daughters face when she sees it.. its totally worth every second! i adore you blog.. i am so glad i came across it..i will now be adding you to my follow list!thanks for all the ideas and inspiration!
This is the cutest skirt, for the AG doll and my granddaughter too. She would love it. I have 2 McCall patterns for AG doll pj’s and another outfit (when they were $.99 at Hobby Lobby) plus flannel but haven’t even opened the patterns yet. I have ordered matching outfits for my Grace and her Kate from zulily couple of times and she loves it. When Grace has on an outfit, her Kate is changed into the same outfit too. Great tutorial; thanks for sharing.
I’m so excited that I found your pattern again! I found it months ago while on vacation and hand-sewed it. What an adventure! I was bored on evening after dinner, so I used my tablet to look for a free doll pattern that didn’t need printed and found yours. I ran to Walmart and bought fabric, thread and needles. However, I didn’t want to buy scissors or a ruler (although I can’t cut a straight line without drawing it first!). I discovered that a kitchen cutting board works great for drawing straight lines, and the cardboard on the packaging from the needles worked well for marking small lines to turn up and iron 1/4″ hem seams. Needless to say, I didn’t have the best tools but it was almost as much fun figuring out how to work without my usual tools as making the skirt. I used a pink fabric with glitter on it and silver rickrack to trip the bottom of the layer of the skirt. It came out really cute (if I do say so myself). I’m finally getting around to making my granddaughter a skirt to match. Fortunately they still have the fabric at Walmart. Thanks so much for sharing this simple pattern and your great skills in pattern design.
I suppose you could say I’m going through my second childhood. Especially, since today I have been married for 50 years and that alone is an indicator of age. I recently purchased an American Girl Doll. Her name is Samantha. My naked Sam had been loved my another until the owner had aged out of dolls. She is lovely but needs clothes desperately. While scanning the internet for patterns, I happened upon your blog. I loved the dress you made or skirt and was particularly impressed with the material. I’m sorry to say; I have never heard of this company. However, I have made note of it and in the future will inquire at Hobby Lobby or Joann’s to see if they carry it. In the meantime, I have my stash of fabric to begin sewing a little dress. Sam will look more like a “little lady” after she is bathed and dressed. Best Wishes!
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All my images are copyrighted. If you would like to feature my work, you may use ONE (1) NON-COLLAGED image and must link back to my original blog post. You may NOT edit, crop, or change my images in any way without written permission. You MAY NOT print out or copy and distribute any text, images or patterns from this site. All patterns, content, instructions and templates are for personal use ONLY! Thank you!
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Disclaimer: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the content on this website, the information is made available without warranty of any kind. The Polka Dot Chair accepts no responsibility or liability, whether direct or indirect, as to the currency or accuracy of the information, nor any consequence of its uses. This website is not intended to substitute the advice of a professional. This website frequently uses affiliate links.
Melissa Mortenson, owner of the Polka Dot Chair is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. For full disclosures please see the About page.
| 7,567 |
Company Matches
Soda wars: The UK's tax on sugary drinks is working
Britain's new tax on sugary drinks won't come into effect for more than a year, but it's already working.
The government announced the new tax in 2016 as part of an effort to reduce childhood obesity, projecting that it would raise £520 million ($632 million) in additional revenue.
But drinks companies, fearful that higher prices would damage their sales, aren't sitting back and waiting. They are instead working furiously to reduce sugar in their products.
The Office for Budget Responsibility predicts that only £380 million ($462 million) in new tax funds will flow into government coffers as a result of the sugar cuts.
U.K. Treasury chief Philip Hammond said Wednesday that he was "delighted" to report that the government expected less revenue, acknowledging that such a feeling was unusual for a finance minister.
"Producers are already reformulating sugar out of their drinks, which means a lower revenue forecast for this tax," Hammond said.
Drinks with total sugar content above five grams per 100 milliliters will be subject to a tax of £0.18 ($0.22) per liter under the rules, while the rate for drinks with more than eight grams will be £0.24 ($0.29) per liter.
The idea is that less sugar consumption will lead to better health outcomes -- especially for children.
Soda and drink producers are responding to the new rules.
In November, Lucozade Ribena Suntory said it will cut 50% of the added sugar in its products by July 2017, bringing all of its drinks below the five gram sugar tax threshold.
The government is hoping the tax will help cut down childhood obesity rates in the U.K., which are amongst the highest in developed world. One in five English children is obese by the time they leave primary school, the government said.
Sugar plays a major role in childhood obesity, with sugary drinks being the single biggest source of dietary sugar for children and teenagers in the U.K.
"As shown by the downgrading of the Treasury's revenue expectations, the sugar levy is already working to spur reformulation of sugary drinks by manufacturers," said Shirley Cramer, the chief executive of the Royal Society for Public Health.
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Eldritch - Greenlit on Steam
by Couchpotato, 2013-10-04 00:36:15
The developers of Eldritch announce that the game has been Greenlit on Steam.
We got Greenlit today! Thank you all so much for your votes and for spreading the word about Eldritch! And extra special thanks to everyone who preordered on Humble, tested the beta, and helped to shape the final product.
I'll start preparing the Steam version of Eldritch shortly (with Steam Cloud save support, if I can get it working in time). Eldritch will be available on Steam on October 21.
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Integrated orchard management guide for commercial apples in the Southeast
Integrated orchard management guide for commercial apples in the Southeast
2016 Integrated Orchard Management Guide for Commercial Apples in the Southeast
Alabama Cooperative Extension System
Auburn University
University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Arkansas
Clemson Cooperative Extension Service
Clemson University
University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service
University of Georgia
North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service
North Carolina State University
University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service
University of Tennessee Poison Control Centers and Emergency Facilities
PESTICIDE POISONING Symptoms of pesticide poisoning may include headache, blurred vision, weakness, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and chest discomfort. If any of these symptoms occur during or after mixing or applying pesticides or if an unintended unprotected exposure such as a spill occurs, stop work at once and take appropriate action. If pesticide is spilled on the skin, immediately wash the area thoroughly with large amounts of soap and water. If pesticide is in the eye, flush the eye for 15 minutes with running water. If pesticide is inhaled, move to open, clean air. If pesticide is ingested, rinse out the mouth. Follow all label first aid directions. Give CPR if indicated. Get help. Contact your physician or poison control center (listed below or on WPS safety poster). Transport the victim to the closest medical care facility. Take the pesticide container or the label with you, or have others search for the label and get it to the facility.
Most pesticide poisonings are due to overexposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Investigation indicates these are the result of misuse, disregard for safety precautions, and lack of proper hygiene during mixing and application. Ninety percent of occupational exposure is through the hands. Use neoprene or butyl rubber gloves. Rubber boots prevent acute exposure from spills and chronic exposure from accumulation of residues in materials of boots and shoes.
STATE-DESIGNATED POISON CENTERS
Dialing 1-800-222-1222 reaches the poison control center for the state from which the call is made.
ALABAMA
800-222-1222
Children’s of Alabama
1600 Seventh Avenue South
Birmingham, AL 35233
800-222-1222 (administration and emergency)
www.childrensal.org/rpcc
NORTH CAROLINA
800-222-1222
Carolinas Poison Center
PO Box 32861
Charlotte, NC 28232-2861
800-222-1222 (administration and emergency)
www.ncpoisoncenter.org
ARKANSAS
800-222-1222
Arkansas Poison & Drug Information Center
4301 West Markham, #522-2
Little Rock, AR 72205
501-686-6161 (administration)
www.uamshealth.com/poisoncontrol
SOUTH CAROLINA
800-222-1222
Palmetto Poison Center
University of South Carolina
Columbia, SC 29208
803-777-7909 (business)
www.poison.sc.edu
GEORGIA
800-222-1222
Georgia Poison Center Education Department
80 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, SE
PO Box 26066
Atlanta, GA 30303
404-616-9237 (administration)
404-616-9000 (local)
404-616-9235 (education)
404-616-9287 (TDD)
www.georgiapoisoncenter.org
TENNESSEE
800-222-1222
Tennessee Poison Center
Suite 501
1313 21st Avenue South
Nashville, TN 37232
615-936-2047 (TTY)
615-936-0760 (administration) www.mc.vanderbilt.edu
(search “poison center”)
2016 Integrated Orchard Management Guide for Commercial Apples in the Southeast
Table of Contents
Pest and Orchard Management Program ....................................................... 2
Tree Row Volume: A Model for Determining Spray Volume ........................ 32
IPM Practices for Selected Pests ................................................................... 34
Pesticide Resistance Management ............................................................... 40
Effect of pH on Pesticide Activity .................................................................. 43
Orchard Floor Management.......................................................................... 44
Apple Pollination, Honey Bees, and Pesticides ............................................. 46
Soil and Plant Analysis Guidelines for Southeastern Apple Production ........ 46
Fertility Management Recommendations for Apples ................................... 48
Relative Effectiveness of Fungicides ............................................................. 49
Relative Effectiveness of Insecticides and Miticides ..................................... 53
Toxicity of Pesticides to Beneficial Arthropods ............................................. 54
Weed Response to Preemergence Herbicides .............................................. 56
Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicides ............................................ 57
Fungicides and Bactericides .......................................................................... 59
Insecticides and Miticides ............................................................................. 63
Herbicides ..................................................................................................... 68
Growth-Regulating Chemicals ....................................................................... 73
Vertebrate Management .............................................................................. 80
Pesticide Safety ............................................................................................. 86
EPA Registration Numbers of Various Materials ........................................... 87
Senior Editor: Jim Walgenbach, Extension Entomologist, N.C. State University
Section Editors:
Insect Management Jim Walgenbach
Cultural/Growth Regulators Mike Parker
Disease Management Sara Villani
Weed Management Wayne Mitchem
Vertebrate Management David Lockwood
Soils and Nutrition David Lockwood
Recommendations for the use of agricultural chemicals are included in this publication as a convenience to the reader. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of chemical products or services in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. Individuals who use agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current product before applying any chemical. For assistance, contact your local Extension Agent. CONTRIBUTORS
Ed Sikora
Plant Pathology
Donn Johnson
Elena Garcia
Curt Rom
Entomology Horticulture
Horticulture
Mike Hood
Guido Schnabel Bob Bellinger
Apiculture
Plant Pathology Safety
Keith Delaplane
Dan Horton
Phillip Brannen
Harold Scherm Paul Gulliebeau
Apiculture
Entomology
Plant Pathology
Plant Pathology Safety
David Tarpy
Jim Walgenbach Wayne Mitchem
Mike Parker
Sara Villani
Apiculture
Entomology Horticulture
Horticulture
Plant Pathology
John Skinner
Frank Hale
David Lockwood Darrell Hensley
Apiculture
Entomology
Horticulture Safety
Pest and Orchard Management Program
DORMANT
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Cultural Management
Younger trees should be pruned closer to bud break. Prune older and bearing trees first; prune 1- to 2-year-old nonbearing trees during the month before dormant bud break.
Control canopy density, size, and shape for better light and spray penetration.
Conduct annual dormant pruning in central leader trees and appropriate high- density orchards.
*****
Provide proper nutrition for moderate tree growth and good fruit quality.
Collect soil samples; establish and maintain a good lime and fertility program. Apply late winter fertilizer to young, nonbearing trees, and half rate to mature, bearing trees.
*****
See Fertility Management section (page 48) for complete sampling, fertilizer rates, and application methods. Apply full rate to young, nonbearing trees to promote good tree growth.
Increase lateral bud break and lateral shoot development on last year’s leader growth to encourage scaffold limb development.
Bag last year’s leader growth 3 to 4 weeks before anticipated dormant bud break.
*****
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for details.
Plant Growth Regulators
Control water sprout regrowth near pruning cuts and on tops of large scaffold limbs exposed to light by heavy dormant pruning.
Tre-Hold A-112
See comments.
Use 10,000 ppm (10 oz per gal) as a “sponge-on” application.
12
0
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for complete recommendation details. The need for this practice depends on heaviness of pruning, size of cuts, and potential growth vigor. Effectiveness depends on COMPLETE coverage.
Control burr knot formation.
Gallex
**
Paint directly from can, full strength, on burr knots.
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for recommendation details.
2 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
May also help reduce inoculum of fungi that cause Brooks spot, Alternaria blotch, and Glomerella leaf spot.
Reduce inoculum of apple scab fungus.
Shred leaves with flail mower and/or apply urea to fallen leaves in autumn or spring prior to green tip.
*****
20 lb
Reduce inoculum of black, white, and bitter rot fungi.
Prune out dead wood and mummied fruit.
*****
Pruning is extremely important to reduce the likelihood of these diseases. Don’t stockpile prunings near orchard. Remove and burn, or chip with a flail mower.
Reduce inoculum of fire blight bacteria.
Prune out cankers and old fire blight strikes.
****
Will also reduce inoculum of black rot, white rot, and bitter rot.
Reduce inoculum of powdery mildew fungus.
Prune out silver-colored terminal shoots.
***
Particularly useful on young trees of a susceptible cultivar.
Improve control of cedar apple and quince rusts.
Scout orchard, adjacent woods, or borders for red cedar, and remove.
*****
Complete removal of red cedar in areas where cedars are not common may eliminate need for fungicide sprays for these diseases.
Improve conditions for drying fruit and foliage, spray penetration.
Prune to open trees.
*****
Pruning is extremely important for good disease control inside the canopy and in the tops of large trees.
Weed Management
Apply nonselective postemergence herbicide alone (mid-March). When control from this breaks and summer weeds are 2-3 inches tall, apply a nonselective postemergence herbicide with a preemergence herbicide. This will likely be in early May, but may vary from year to year. Delaying PRE herbicide application results in residual control later in the summer.
Control seedling perennials and winter annuals.
Apply glyphosate or glyphosate + 2,4-D amine or paraquat or Rely to control emerged winter annuals.
*****
+++++
See product label.
See product label.
Reduce dandelions.
2,4-D amine
++++
1 qt
1 lb
48
60
Apply at least 2 weeks before bloom to control flowering weeds. Reduces competition with apple blossoms to enhance bee pollination. Control of flowering weeds will also help control tarnished plant bug.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row volume of 400 gal/acre.
3 SILVER TIP
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
Control fire blight.
Bactericides
copper hydroxide
copper oxychloride sulfate Bordeaux
++++
++++
++++
See label.
See label.
See label.
See label.
See label.
See label.
This treatment will help control fire blight in blocks of trees of a susceptible cultivar where fire blight has been a problem. It will not eliminate need for streptomycin at bloom. Applications later than 0.25- to 0.5-inch green tip may result in fruit russet. Most effective if applied dilute.
Control black rot.
Fungicides
Captan 50W or
4L or
80W or
80WDG
++++
++++
++++
++++
—
—
4 lb
2 qt
2.5 lb
2.5 lb
24
24
24
24
0
0
0
0
An important spray for black rot control in Georgia. Warning: Captan will cause injury when used with or too close to oil applications.
Control crown rot
(collar rot).
Fungicides
Ridomil Gold SL
++++
See label.
48
N/A
Ridomil and Aliette applications are recommended on cultivars propagated on susceptible rootstocks planted in heavy or poorly drained soils. Apply Ridomil in the spring before growth starts, and repeat application after harvest. Apply 3 to 5 applications of Aliette a year. Make first application of Aliette after leaf emergence. Note: Ridomil and Aliette must be applied on a preventive basis. Treatment of trees exhibiting symptoms will not prevent further symptom development.
Aliette 80WDG
+++
2.5 to 5 lb
12
14
Phosphite fungicides
(i.e. Prophyt, Phostrol,
Agri-Fos)
++++
See label.
Phosphite fungicides are registered for crown rot control and have activity similar to Aliette. See labels for use instructions and precautions.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
4 GREEN TIP TO ½-INCH GREEN
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount Per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
Control apple scab.
See discussion in Fungicides and Bactericides (page 59) for information on postinfection control program.
Fungicides
Syllit FL
+ mancozeb 75DF
or
+ Captan 80WDG
+++++
+++++
1.5 to 3 pt
3 lb
2.5 lb
48
24
24
7
77
0
Vangard 75WG
+++
5 oz
12
0
Vangard tends to be most active at cool temperatures.
Vangard 75WG
+ mancozeb 75DF
or
+ Polyram 80DF
++++
++++
3 to 5 oz
3 lb
3 lb
12
24
24
0
77
77
Scala SC
+++
7 to 10 oz
12
72
Scala SC is not compatible with Captan 50WP.
Scala SC
+ mancozeb 75DF
or
+ Polyram 80DF
++++
++++
5 oz
3 lb
3 lb
12
24
24
72
77
77
Captan 80WDG
++++
5 lb
24
0
Captec 4L
++++
0.75 to 1 qt
4 qt
24
0
Captan 50WP
++++
4 to 8 lb
24
0
Manzate ProStick
++++
3 to 6 lb
24
77, BL
Penncozeb 75DF
++++
3 to 6 lb
24
77, BL
Polyram 80DF
++++
3 to 6 lb
24
77, BL
Luna Tranquility
+ mancozeb 75DF
++++
+++++
11.2 to 16 fl oz
3 lb
12
24
72
77
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
5 GREEN TIP TO ½-INCH GREEN (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount Per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control scab (continued).
Fontelis SC
+++++
16 to 20 fl oz
12
28
Fontelis SC
+ mancozeb 75DF
+++++
+++++
16 to 20 fl oz
3 lb
12
24
28
77
Control fire blight.
Badge SC
++++
+++
3.5 to 7 pt
0.5 to 1.5 pt
48
See label.
Apply this rate between silver and green tip only.
Extended spray schedule; may harm fruit.
Badge X2
++++
+++
3.5 to 7 lb
0.5 to 1.5 lb
48
See label.
Apply this rate between silver and green tip only.
Extended spray schedule; may harm fruit.
Kocide 3000
++++
3.5 to 7 lb
48
See label.
Make application between silver and green tip; discontinue use at this rate at ½” green.
Cuprofix Ultra Disperss 40DF
++++
5 to 7.5 lb
48
See label.
Apply this rate between silver and green tip only.
Champ Formula 2F
++++
5.3 to 10.5 pt
48
See label.
Apply this rate between silver and green tip only.
Control Phytophthora rots.
Phostrol
+++++
0.6 pt
2 to 5 pt
4
0
Prophyt
+++++
2 to 4 pt
4
0
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
6 GREEN TIP TO ½-INCH GREEN (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1 Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount Per2
Re-entry Interval (hours)
Preharv. Interval (days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Insect Management
Use either a superior-type or highly refined summer oil applied dilute. If the oil application is delayed until tight cluster to pink, use a refined oil or reduce a superior type to ½ to 1 gal/100 gal. Do not use captan within 2 weeks of an oil application.
Control scales and reduce overwintering European red mite and rosy apple aphid eggs.
Insecticides
Oil
+++++
2 gal
2 to 3% solution
12
0
Improve scale control.
Oil +
Lorsban 4E
or
Esteem 35WP
or
Centaur 70WDG
++++
+++++
+++++
2 gal
½ to 1 pt
—
—
8 gal
2 to 4 pt
4 to 5 oz
9 to 12 oz
12
96
12
12
0
DD
45
14
An insecticide with oil may be added at this time in orchards experiencing problems with scales. This option is recommended in orchards that experienced scale problems the previous year. The window of control with Esteem or Centaur can be extended to first cover. NOTE: if using Esteem or Centaur, application can be made anytime between green tip and 1st Cover.
Initiate oriental fruit moth (OFM) monitoring program.
Erect pheromone traps.
*****
Erect pheromone traps by green tip to detect first emergence. See section on IPM Practices for Selected Pests (page 34) for monitoring information.
Mating disruption for OFM and codling moth.
Pheromones
Isomate CM/OFM TT
CheckMate Puffer - CM/OFM
+++++
++++
(number of dispensers)
200/acre
1/acre
Now is the time to begin erecting pheromone dispensers for mating disruption. Combination dispensers that contain both OFM and codling moth pheromone are recommended. Hanging of dispensers in trees should be complete by the end of bloom. See section on “Mating Disruption” in IPM Practices for Selected Pests (page 37).
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
7
7 TIGHT CLUSTER TO PINK
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
Control apple scab.
Fungicides
Captan 80WDG
Captan 50WP
Captec 4L
Manzate ProStick
Penncozeb 75DF
Polyram 80DF
Flint WG
Sovran WG
Indar 2F
Luna Tranquility
Luna Sensation
Merivon
Fontelis
Inspire Super
Aprovia
++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
0.75 to 1 qt
5 lb
4 to 8 lb
4 qt
3 to 6 lb
3 to 6 lb
3 to 6 lb
2 to 2.5 oz
3.2 to 6.4 oz
6 to 8 fl oz
11.2 to 16 fl oz
4 to 5.8 fl oz
4 to 5.5 fl oz
16 to 20 fl oz
12 fl oz
5.5 to 7 fl oz
24
24
24
24
24
24
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
0
0
0
77, BL
77, BL
77, BL
14
30
14
72
14
0
28
14
30
Combine Flint WG with a half rate of mancozeb or captan for resistance management.
For resistance management combine Fontelis with half rate of mancozeb. See label for Fontelis rates when applied with mancozeb.
Control powdery mildew.
Fungicides
Rally 40WSP
Procure 50WS
Indar 2F
Topguard 1.04SC
Luna Sensation 500SC
Luna Tranquility 4.16SC
Merivon 4.18SC
Fontelis 1.67SC
Flint 50WG
Sovran 50WDG
Aprovia
JMS Stylet Oil
Microthiol Disperss
+++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
++++
+++++
+++
++++
+++++
++++
+++
++++
1 to 2 gal
5 to 10 oz
4 to 8 oz
8 fl oz
8 to 12 fl oz
4 to 5.8 fl oz
11.2 to 16 fl oz
4 to 5.5 fl oz
14 to 20 fl oz
2 to 2.5 oz
4 to 6.4
5.5 to 7 fl oz
10 to 20 lb
24
12
12
12
12
12
12
24
12
12
12
4
24
14
14
14
14
14
72
0
28
14
30
30
0
See label.
Tight cluster to petal fall are the most important sprays for the control of powdery mildew.
Do not use EC or solvent-based products, crop oil concentrate, or methylated seed oil adjuvants with Merivon.
Applying Stylet Oil with or following an application of captan will cause severe phytotoxicity.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row volume of 400 gal/acre.
8 TIGHT CLUSTER TO PINK (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control cedar apple rust and quince rust.
Fungicides
Use a DMI (FRAC 3) fungicide used for powdery mildew or apple scab, or:
mancozeb 75DF
++++
3 lb
24
77
DMI fungicides have after-infection activity on rusts.
Mancozeb and Polyram do not control powdery mildew.
Control black rot and frogeye leafspot.
Captan 50WP
Captan 4L
Captan 80WDG
Thiophanate Methyl 85WDG
Topsin 4.5FL
Topsin M WSB
++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
0.5 to 1 qt
0.2 to 0.3 lb
3.8 to 5 fl oz
0.2 to ¼ lb
4 to 8 lb
3 to 4 qt 2.5 to 5 lb
0.6 to 0.8 lb
15 to 20 fl oz
¾ to 1 lb
24
24
24
48
48
48
0
0
0
1
1
1
Captan does not control powdery mildew or rust diseases.
Many populations of apple scab are resistant to T-Methyl and Topsin fungicides.
Insect Management
Erect traps now because moths begin to emerge near bloom. See section on IPM Practices for Selected Pests (page 34) for information on monitoring programs.
Initiate codling moth and leafroller monitoring program.
Erect pheromone traps.
*****
Control rosy apple aphid.
Insecticides
Actara 25WDG
Assail 30SG
Calypso 4F
Belay SC
Sivanto 200SL
Asana XL
Danitol 2.4EC
Permethrin 3.2EC
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
—
—
—
—
—
2 to 5.8 fl oz
2.6 to 4.3 oz
—
4.5 oz
2.5 to 4 oz
2 to 4 oz
6 fl oz
7 to 10 oz
4.8-14.5 fl oz
10.6-21.3 oz
4 to 10 fl oz
12
12
12
12
4
12
24
12
35
7
30
21
14
7
14
*
Pink stage is the best time to control rosy apple aphid. Caution: Rosy apple aphid resistance to pyrethroids has been observed in some orchards. See Rosy Apple Aphid resistance section (page 41). Pyrethroids can lead to flare-ups of mites, scales, and woolly apple aphids.
*Do not apply Permethrin after petal fall.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row volume of 400 gal/acre.
9 TIGHT CLUSTER TO PINK (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control plant bugs
and spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM).
Maintain clean ground-cover. Insecticides listed for rosy apple aphid will aid in plant bug and leafminer control if plant bugs are readily seen.
*****
In many instances, a clean groundcover eliminates the need for insecticides to control bugs. If there is a history of plant bug problems, a second application at petal fall will improve control. Insecticides specifically targeting STLM are rarely needed because biological control agents are highly effective.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row volume of 400 gal/acre.
10 BLOOM
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Cultural Management
Loosen bags on leaders to acclimate for 2 to 3 days; then remove bags from leaders and spray with Promalin or Perlan.
Leader bags must be removed when new lateral growth is 1 to 3 inches long.
*****
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for complete details.
Do leader selection and strip whorl on dormant headed tree leaders.
Select new shoot for central leader and remove competing shoots from first four nodes below new leader shoot.
Plant Growth Regulators
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73). Apply as a fine mist application at 40 to 50% of Tree Row Volume (TRV) water rate between early king bloom and early petal fall of the side blossoms. Split applications during this period can be more effective.
Improve fruit shape and increase fruit weight of Red and Golden Delicious and Gala.
(BA+GA 4 + 7)
Promalin
Perlan
+++
+++
0.5 to 1 pt
1 to 2 pt
4
4
None
Increase lateral bud break and lateral shoot growth on 1-year-old leader growth as a tool to encourage scaffold limb development, especially on those that were bagged before bud break. Use on nonbearing trees only.
Promalin
Perlan
+++++
+++++
125 to 500 ppm
(0.5 to 2 pt)/
10 gal
125 to 500 ppm
(0.5 to 2 pt)/
10 gal
4
4
None
Apply to last year’s leader growth at 1-3 inches of new terminal growth with a handheld nozzle. See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73).
Make one application when orchard trees have 1 to 3 inches of new growth or when the leader has reached the height where branching is required.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
11 BLOOM (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
To increase fruit set after a frost.
Promalin
Perlan
++
++
16-32 fl. oz
16-32 fl. oz
Apply within 24 hours after a frost that occurs when most of the crop is between early bloom and full bloom. Apply in 75 to 150 gallons of water per acre. Do not apply to frozen foliage, blossoms, or developing fruit. Allow trees to completely thaw prior to application. Do not use a surfactant.
Disease Management
Control apple scab, rusts, powdery mildew, and black rot.
Fungicides
Same fungicides as for tight cluster.
Avoid sprays in full bloom if possible. Do not overextend application intervals.
Control fire blight.
Bactericides
Streptomycin
(i.e. Agri-mycin, Firewall, Streptrol)
Kasumin 2L
Mycoshield 17WP
Fireline
Actigard
+ streptomycin
or
+ oxytetracyline
Bloomtime Biological
Cueva
Double Nickel LC
+ Cueva
Serenade Optimum
MasterCop
Badge SC
Badge X2
+++++
+++++
++++
++++
+++++
++++
++
+++
+++
++
+++
+++
+++
64 fl oz
1 lb
12 oz
0.125 to 0.8 oz
0.75 to 1 lb
24 oz
-
-
-
0.5 to 3.2 oz
24 oz
0.33 lb
2 to 3 qt
1 to 2 qt
2 to 3 qt
14 to 20 oz
0.5 to 1.5 qt
0.5 to 1.5 pt
0.5 to 1.5 lb
12
12
12
12
12
4
4
4
4
48
48
48
50
90
60
60
60
See label.
0
0
0
See label.
See label.
See label.
Begin application at first bloom and continue at 3- to 4-day intervals until petal fall. It is very important to continue spraying through late “rat-tail” bloom, especially on susceptible varieties. See discussion under Pesticide Resistance Management section (page 40) for timing sprays according to conditions favorable for infection.
Bloomtime Biological is not compatible with coppers. Approved for organic production.
Cueva may result in phytotoxicity to fruit and leaves. If concerned, use lower rate. OMRI approved.
Serenade Optimum is approved for organic production.
Badge X2 is OMRI approved.
Insect Management
Keep orchard floor free of flowering weeds. This will increase pollination in the trees and lessen bee activity after apple bloom.
Protect pollinators.
12 PETAL FALL
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Cultural Management
If boron is low in leaf sample or cork spot has been a problem in past years, a second and third application may be used. Dilute applications are necessary for good uptake. See Fertility Management section (page 48).
Reduce fruit corking.
Solubor
or
Borosol
+++
+++
1 lb
at first cover
1 pt
Reduce fruit corking and bitter pit.
calcium chloride
+++
2 lb
beginning at first cover
Repeat calcium sprays in each cover spray all season. Do not apply calcium chloride when temperatures are above 85°F, and DO NOT tank mix with Solubor or Apogee. All calcium sprays should be applied dilute for maximum response, especially for bitter pit control in late season cover sprays when fruit are becoming waxy. See Fertility Management section (page 48).
Plant Growth Regulators
Reduce fruit russeting on susceptible cultivars (esp. Golden Delicious).
(GA4+7)
ProVide 10SG
Novagib 10L
++++
++++
2.1 to 3.5 oz
(60 to 100 g)
20 to 33 fl. oz
4
4
None
At petal fall, begin the first of 2 to 4 applications at 7- to 10-day intervals. See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for complete recommendations.
Thin fruit to reduce crop load and encourage return bloom.
Depends on cultivar, fruit size, and thinning chemical. Applications from petal fall to about 8 mm would be applied during this time.
+++++
See thinning chart on page 76.
Check label for specific thinning chemical(s) to be used.
See Chemical Fruit Thinning Spray and Apple Thinning recommendations chart in Growth-Regulating Chemicals section.
Initiate vegetative growth control applications.
Suppress shoot blight.
Prohexadione Calcium
(Apogee or Kudos)
++++
Use at TRV calculated a.i./acre.
9 to 24 fl. oz
12
45
See prohexadione calcium table in Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 78).
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
13 PETAL FALL (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
Control apple scab.
Fungicides
Same fungicides as recommended for tight cluster/pink and bloom stages.
Plant tissue during early shoot growth can be very sensitive to injury by captan. Be careful with tank mixtures containing captan and adjuvants.
Control black rot and white rot.
Fungicides
Captan 50 WP
Captec 4L
Captan 80WDG
Sovran 50WG
Flint 50WG
Thiophanate Methyl 85WDG
Topsin 4.5FL
Topsin M WSB
++++
++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
1 qt
0.2 to 0.3 lb
3.75 to 5 fl oz
0.2 to 0.25 lb
8 lb
4 qt
5 lb
4 to 6.4 oz
1.5 to 2.5 oz
0.6 to 0.8 lb
15 to 20 fl oz
¾ to 1 lb
24
24
24
12
12
48
48
48
0
0
0
30
14
1
1
1
Control Colletotrichum pathogens: Glomerella leaf spot/Bitter rot.
Fungicides
Captan 50 WP
Captec 4L
Captan 80WDG
Ziram 76 DF
++++
++++
++++
++++
1 qt
8 lb
4 qt
5 lb
6 lb
24
24
24
48
0
0
0
14
Mancozeb is not specifically labeled for Colletotrichum pathogens in apple. If applying mancozeb for control of apple scab, use a half rate of captan and a half rate of mancozeb.
ProPhyt
+ Captan 80 WDG
or
+ Ziram 76 DF
+++++
1.5 lb
4 pt
3.75 lb
6 lb
4
24
48
0
0
14
ProPhyt can also be applied in tank mixture with mancozeb (3 lb rate) if mancozeb is applied for protection against apple scab and cedar apple rust.
Sovran 50WG
++++
4 to 6.4 oz
12
30
Sovran and Flint will also control apple scab and powdery mildew.
Flint 50WG
+++++
2.5 to 3 oz
12
14
Pristine 38W
+++++
14.5 to 18 oz
12
0
Merivon 4.18SC
+++++
4 to 5.5 fl oz
12
0
Omega 500F
++++
13.8 fl oz
12
28
14 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control Brooks fruit spot.
Fungicides
Use protectant fungicides (captan, mancozeb, Ziram) or benzimidazole fungicides (i.e. benzimidazoles) listed above for summer rots.
*****
Petal fall through third cover sprays are the most important sprays for Brooks spot control. Generally, the EBI and QoI fungicides may have limited Brooks spot activity. If one of them is used, combine it with a full rate of protectant.
Control powdery mildew and cedar apple rust.
Fungicides
See tight cluster to pink spray.
If captan alone is used in this application, fungicides with strong activity on powdery mildew and cedar apple rust should be included in this application.
Insect Management
*When choosing an insecticide at petal fall or any other time, choose one that provides control of the spectrum of insects present at the time of application.
Preventive control of mites is not recommended unless insecticides known to flare mites are anticipated to be used.
An application of Agri-Mek at petal fall to first cover should provide season-long suppression of these pests. A paraffinic spray oil (0.25% or 1 gal/acre) must be tank mixed to ensure Agri-Mek’s activity. Do not use captan 2 weeks before or after applying oil with Agri-Mek.
Preventively control European red mite, spotted tentiform leafminer, and white apple leafhopper.
Insecticides
Agri-Mek 0.15EC
+
oil
+++++
2.5 oz
10 oz
12
28
Preventive control of European red mite.
Apollo SC
Savey 50WP
Zeal 72WDG
Envidor 2SC
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
—
—
—
—
4 oz
3 oz
2 to 3 oz
16 to 18 oz
12
12
12
12
45
28
28
7
Apply one of these products between petal fall and third cover or when mites reach one adult per leaf. See page 41 for resistance management of European red mite.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
15 PETAL FALL (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control plum curculio.
Insecticides
Avaunt 30WG
Actara 25SDG
Imidan 70WP
Belay SC
Sevin 50WP
+++++
+++++
++++
++++
+++
—
—
¾ lb
—
½ lb
5 to 6 oz
4.5 oz
3 lb
6 oz
1 lb
12
12
24
12
12
28
35
7
7
3
Adults begin to enter orchards during bloom, with most, but not all, adults present by late petal fall. An insecticide applied at petal fall is important to minimize damage. Cool weather during this period, or historically large populations, may extend adult activity, which may require a second application 10 days later.
Control oriental fruit moth.
Insecticides
Imidan 70WP
Avaunt 30WG
Sevin 50WP
Assail 30SG
Mating Disruption
Isomate OFM-TT
CheckMate OFM-F
+++++
+++++
+++
+++++
+++++
+++++
¾ lb
—
½ lb
—
3 lb
5 to 6 oz
2 lb
5 to 8 oz
50-100 disp.
1 to 2 fl oz
24
12
12
12
0
0
7
28
3
7
0
0
An insecticide applied between 500 and 600 degree days (DD) after biofix will control the first generation. First generation OFM is controlled with a single application of an insecticide at petal fall.
In those orchards not using mating disruption (e.g., Isomate TT or Puffers), CheckMate OFM-F, a sprayable formulation, should be considered in early to mid August for control of late-season OFM. A second application in early September may be necessary for later-maturing varieties.
Control San Jose scale.
Insecticides
Diazinon 50WP
Esteem 0.86EC
Centaur 70WP
Movento 2SC
Assail 30SG
summer oil
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++
+++
1 lb
—
—
—
—
—
4 lb
4 oz
34.5 oz
6 to 9 oz
8 oz
1 to 2%
96
12
12
24
12
12
21
45
14
7
7
0
Where scales have been a problem the previous year, apply an insecticide for first generation crawlers, which are active from petal fall through third cover. Yellow crawlers can be detected by wrapping double-stick tape around infested limbs after bloom and inspecting weekly. Caution: Diazinon or oil applied with captan or Captec may cause phytotoxicity.
Control rosy apple aphid.
Insecticides
Admire 4.6SC
Actara 25WP
Assail 30SG
Sivanto 200SL
Movento 2SC
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
++++
—
—
—
—
—
2.8 oz
4.5 oz
2.5 to 4.0 oz
7 to 10 oz
6 to 9 oz
12
12
12
4
24
7
35
7
14
7
If an insecticide was not applied for rosy apple aphid at pink, or if control was poor, an insecticide should be applied. An adjuvant must be applied with Movento.
See Rosy Apple Aphid resistance section (page 41).
16 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control white apple leafhopper.
Insecticides
Sevin 50WP
Actara 25WDG
Admire 4.6SC
Assail 30SG
Avaunt 30WG
Sivanto 200SL
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
½ lb
—
—
—
—
—
2 lb
2 to 2¾ oz
2.8 oz
2.5 to 4 oz
5 to 6 oz
7 to 10 oz
12
12
12
12
12
4
1
35
7
7
28
14
Threshold level for first generation white apple leafhopper is 1 nymph per leaf. Thinning apples with Sevin during this time controls leafhoppers. Leafhoppers may be present from petal fall to second cover spray.
Control spotted tentiform leafminer.
Insecticides
Actara 25WDG
Delegate WG
Provado 1.6F
Assail 30SG
++++
+++++
++++
++++
—
—
1 to 2 oz
—
4.5 oz
4.5 oz
4 to 8 oz
1.1 oz
12
4
12
12
35
7
7
7
Threshold level for first generation leafminer is one mine per leaf. The need for leafminer control is rare, as biological control is highly effective.
Control green fruitworm.
Insecticides
Intrepid 2F
+++++
—
6 to 8 fl oz
4
14
Scout trees for feeding damage on shoots and new apples. An application of Intrepid at early petal fall will help to minimize damage to fruit. Intrepid is highly safe to bees and can be sprayed during bloom.
Weed Management
Control weeds.
Check orchards for weed populations.
*****
Identify weed problems so herbicide program can be adjusted for summer weed control.
Apply PRE + Nonselective POST herbicide.
See herbicide guide.
*****
See product labels.
See product labels.
Apply when summer weeds are 2 to 3 inches tall. Delaying application of preemergence herbicides until early May extends summer weed control.
Suppress clover bloom to protect bees from insecticide sprays.
2,4-D
*****
1 qt
48
60
Apply 2,4-D 7 to 10 days before spraying insecticides to suppress clover and avoid killing bees.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
17 FIRST COVER
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
If primary apple scab is controlled early, continue to protect with captan. Products used for summer disease control, with the exception of benzimidazoles (due to resistance concerns) should also generally be effective against apple scab. DMI fungicides will provide post-infection activity as well.
Control apple scab.
Fungicides
Scout for secondary apple scab. See comments.
*****
Control blister spot.
Fungicides
Aliette WDG
Phostrol
++++
++++
0.5 to 1 gal
2.5 to 5 pt
12
4
14
0
Fruit are most susceptible to blister spot 2 to 8 weeks following petal fall.
Control flyspeck/sooty blotch.
Fungicides
Captan 50WP
Captec 4L
Captan 80WDG
Sovran 50WG
Flint 50WG
Thiophanate Methyl 85WDG
Topsin 4.5FL
Topsin M WSB
Ziram 76 DF
Inspire Super
Indar 2F
Aprovia
Luna Sensation
Merivon
Pristine 38WDG
Cueva
Double Nickel LC
+ Cueva
++++
++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
++++
+++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++
+++
0.5 to 1 qt
1 to 1.6 oz
0.15 to 0.2 lb
3.75 to 5 fl oz
0.2 to 0.25 lb
4 to 8 lb
2 to 4 qt
2.5 to 5 lb
4 to 6.4 oz
1.5 to 2.5 oz
0.6 to 0.8 lb
15 to 20 fl oz
¾ to 1 lb
6 lb
12 fl oz
6 to 8 fl oz
5.5 to 7 fl oz
4 to 5.8 fl oz
4 to 5.5 fl oz
14.5 to 18.5 oz
2 to 3 qt
1 to 2 qt
2 to 3 qt
24
24
24
12
12
48
48
48
48
12
12
12
12
12
12
4
4
0
0
0
30
14
1
1
1
12
14
14
30
14
0
0
0
0
For resistance management, it is recommended that single site fungicides be applied in tank mixture with a protectant fungicide such as captan.
Cueva may result in phytotoxicity to some apple cultivars.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
18 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control fire blight.
Apogee
Firewall 17WP
or other strepto-mycin products
Cueva
or other low MCE product
+++++
+++++
+++
4.5 to 9 fl oz
24 oz
2 qt
12
12
4
45
50
0
Apply Apogee when shoots are 1 to 3 inches long and 14 to 21 days after initial application.
Application of streptomycin regularly during summer cover applications is believed to hasten development of resistance.
Cueva may cause phytotoxicity, particularly on sensitive cultivars.
Control Alternaria leaf blotch, black rot, white rot.
Refer to fungicides used for Petal Fall application.
Control Colletotrichum pathogens: Glomerella leaf spot/Bitter rot.
Refer to fungicides used for Petal Fall application.
Control powdery mildew.
Refer to fungicides used for Petal Fall application.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
19 FIRST COVER (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Insect Management
Control codling moth.
Monitor codling moth adult activity.
Insecticides
Delegate 25WP
Altacor 35WDG
Exirel 0.83SE
Voliam Flexi
Belt 4SC
Intrepid 2F
Rimon 0.83EC
Imidan 50WP
Assail 30SG
CYD-X
*****
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
+++
++++
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
¾ lb
—
—
4.5 to 7 oz
2.5 to 4.5 oz
8.5 to 17 oz
4 to 7 oz
3 to 5 fl oz
10 to 16 oz
20 to 40 oz
3 lb
4 to 8 oz
1 to 3 oz
4
4
12
12
12
4
12
24
12
4
7
5
3
35
14
14
14
7
7
0
See IPM Practices for codling moth (page 34) to determine how to minimize insecticide applications for codling moth control.
Voliam Flexi (which is a mixture) is recommended only at first cover when late emerging plum curculio is a concern, and a minimum of 6.0 oz should be used.
CYD-X is a virus that controls only codling moth. Frequent applications (7 to 10 days) at low rates (1 to 2 oz per acre) have worked well in field trials.
Codling moth insecticide-resistant populations exist in some orchards and can affect the performance of certain products.
Control rosy apple aphid, plum curculio, white apple leafhopper, spotted tentiform leafminer, and San Jose scale.
Monitor orchards for these insects.
Insecticides
(See Petal Fall section,
page 13)
*****
Infestations of these insects may occur anytime from petal fall to the second cover spray. Early detection is important for effective control.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
19
20 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Cultural Management
See information listed in Petal Fall to First Cover sections (pages 13 through 17) and Fertility Management section (page 48).
Reduce fruit corking and bitter pit.
calcium nitrate
calcium chloride
+++
+++
3 lb
2 lb
Provide proper nutrition for moderate tree growth and good fruit quality.
Apply second half of fertilizer to mature, bearing trees if crop load is present, as soon as frost/freeze danger is past (approximately second cover).
++++
See Fertility Management Recommendations section (page 48) for fertilizer use suggestions and complete recommendations.
Collect leaf samples in July to mid-August for leaf analysis.
+++++
See Fertility Management Recommendations section (page 48) for complete details.
Achieve proper tree training, and control tree size and density for good light and spray penetration.
Select lateral limbs, strip whorls, establish wide crotch angles with toothpicks or clothespins, and prop limbs to good limb angles (60-90° for central leader trees and 75-85° below vertical for high density, slender, spindle-type trees).
++++
Tree training is mandatory to develop proper lateral branching and limb position.
Do detailed young tree management (deshoot, position limbs, tie up leader) every 6 to 8 weeks until full tree size and bearing are achieved (especially for high density orchards).
++++
Summer pruning is a necessary extension of tree training begun earlier. Summer pruning helps contain tree size and density, and proper limb selection and positioning encourage flower initiation.
Remove water sprouts.
++++
Removing upright water sprout growth reduces canopy density, allowing greater spray penetration and better light distribution for fruit quality and color development. Summer pruning and removal of water sprouts also help control sooty blotch and flyspeck.
Do leader manipulation, such as summer bending or snaking, every 18 inches of terminal growth extension.
++
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row volume of 400 gal/acre.
21 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness(+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Plant Growth Regulators
Thin to reduce crop load and encourage return bloom.
Depends on cultivar, fruit size, and thinning chemical selected. Application time from approximately 9 mm and larger would be applied from second cover on.
+++++
See thinning chart on page 76.
See Chemical Fruit Thinning Sprays (page 73) and Apple Thinning Recommendations chart (page 76) in Growth-Regulating Chemicals section.
Enhance return bloom.
Fruitone L or PoMaxa
Ethrel
+++
+++
2-8 fl. oz
16 to 72
fl. oz
48
48
2
7
Studies in the Southeast have found that NAA or Ethrel treatments can improve return bloom. Ethrel rate depends on many factors, including cultivar and crop load. Refer to table on page 75.
Control ground suckers around base of trunk.
Tre-Hold A-112 Sprout Inhibitor. Also use herbicides approved for sucker control. See notes in Herbicide section (page 70-71) for Rely, Gramoxone.
++++
Use 10,000 ppm (10 oz/1 gal) as a low- pressure, large-droplet handgun application.
12
0
See Sucker Control (page 78) for specific recommendation details.
Delay preharvest fruit drop and delay fruit maturity.
ReTain
++++
Not more than one 333 g pouch
(50 g a.i.)
per acre
12
7
Single Pick Harvest. Applying one pouch of ReTain per acre 3 to 4 weeks prior to the anticipated beginning of the normal harvest period of untreated fruit will delay the harvest period by 7 to 10 days. Timing of ReTain application is critical. Apply ReTain closer to harvest in hot years. Use a 100% organosilicone adjuvant at a final concentration of 0.05 to 0.1% (v/v) in the spray tank for optimal response. Reduce the amount of a.i. per acre to 25 g on sensitive varieties such as Gala. Consult the label. Multiple Pick Harvest. Applying one pouch of ReTain per acre 1 to 2 weeks prior to the anticipated beginning of the normal harvest period of untreated fruit will improve quality and storage potential of later picked apples (2nd and 3rd pick fruit). Applications at this time will not typically delay the start of the harvest, but will help control the maturation rate of the later harvests.
22 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Delay or reduce preharvest fruit drop or both.
Preload NAA
(Fruitone-L or PoMaxa)
+++
2 oz
48
2
Make multiple applications of 5 ppm each week for the 4-week period prior to the normal start of the harvest period for each variety.
NAA
(Fruitone L or PoMaxa)
+++
8 to 32 fl. oz
48
2
Temporarily suppress any fruit drop by applying 10 to 20 ppm (depending on variety) of NAA. A second application can be applied 7 to 10 days later. See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for details.
ReTain plus NAA
(Fruitone L or PoMaxa)
+++++
One 333 g pouch of ReTain plus 8 to 16 fl. oz Fruitone L or PoMaxa per 100 gal per acre
12
7
Apply the ReTain plus Fruitone L or ReTain plus ProMaxa combination (plus adjuvant) as a tank-mix 2 weeks prior to the start of the normal harvest. This combination can provide improved fruit drop control and firmness retention compared to ReTain or NAA alone.
Reduce fruit russeting in susceptible varieties.
ProVide 10SG
Novagib 10L
(continue applications started at petal fall)
++++
++++
2.1 - 3.5 fl. oz
(60 to 100 g)
20 oz per acre/appl.
4
4
0
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for recommendation details.
Reduce fruit cracking of susceptible varieties (e.g., Stayman).
Pro-Vide 10SG
+++
3.5 - 7.0 fl. oz
(100 - 200 g)
4
0
Make the first application at least 2 to 3 weeks before fruit cracking is likely to be observed in the orchard. Repeat at 14 to 21 day intervals until harvest. See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for details. Do not apply to trees that received ProVide applications for russet suppression.
Novagib 10L
+++
2 to 4 pt per acre/appl.
4
Promote lateral branching of current season’s growth.
Promalin
+++
0.8 oz/gal of
water (125 ppm)
12
None
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for recommendation details.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
23 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
Control summer diseases (white rot, black rot, sooty blotch, flyspeck, black pox).
Scout orchard.
Prune out fire blight strikes.
*****
*****
Apply cover sprays at 10- to 14-day intervals. Use a 7- to 10-day interval during wet, rainy periods. If thiophanate-methyl or a phosphite fungicide is not used in cover sprays, it is important to combine captan with sufficient ziram to increase fungicide rate to 8 to 10 lb/acre in order to control sooty blotch and flyspeck. Be sure to observe 77-day preharvest interval when using metiram or mancozeb. Use captan where there is a history of white rot.
Fungicides
Captan 50W
Captan 4L
Captan 80WDG
++++
++++
++++
1 qt
8 lb
4 qt
5 lb
24
24
24
0
0
0
Ziram 76DF
++++
6 lb
48
14
Sovran 50WG
++++
4 to 6.4 oz
12
30
A maximum of four applications and 25.6 oz of Sovran 50WG can be used per acre per season. It is weak on black pox.
Flint 50WG
+++++
1.5 to 2.5 oz
12
14
A maximum of four applications and 11 oz of Flint 50WG can be used per acre per season. For optimal control of white rot, tank mix with captan. Flint is weak on black pox.
Pristine 38W
+++++
14.5 to 18 oz
12
0
A maximum of four applications and 72 oz of Pristine can be used per acre per season. It is weak on black pox.
Thiophanate Methyl 85WDG
Topsin 4.5FL
Topsin M WSB
+++++
+++++
+++++
0.6 to 0.8 lb
15 to 20 fl oz
¾ to 1 lb
48
48
48
1
1
1
captan
50W or
4L or
80 WDG
+
mancozeb 75DF
+++++
3 lb
24
77
24
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control summer diseases (continued).
Captan 80WDG
+
ProPhyt3
++++
3.75 to 5 lb
4 pt
24
4
0
0
Inspire Super 2.82EW
Rotated with:
Captan 80WDG
+
ProPhyt3
+++++
12 fl oz
3.75 to 5 lb
4 pt
12
24
12
14
0
0
This combination has provided good summer disease control. It is not especially effective on black pox, so if you use this program and have a history of black pox, begin the cover sprays with an EBDC+captan combination, or captan+thiophanate methyl, then switch to this program at 3rd cover. Do not make more than 5 applications (60 oz) of Inspire Super per year.
Aprovia
+++++
5.5 to 7 fl oz
12
30
Luna Sensation
++++
4 to 5.8 fl oz
12
14
Apply Luna Sensation in tank mixture with captan for optimal control of white rot.
Merivon
+++++
4 to 5.5 fl oz
12
0
Control Colletotrichum pathogens: Glomerella leaf spot/rot/Bitter rot.
Refer to fungicides used for Petal Fall and 1st cover applications.
Suppress necrotic leaf blotch on Golden Delicious.
ziram 76DF
zinc oxide 39.8%
+++++
+++++
6 lb
1 pt
48
0
14
0
Sprays from mid-June through early August are most important.
Control powdery mildew.
Scout orchard.
*****
Need for additional fungicides is based on the number of infections on newly unfolded leaves and continued growth pressure. See recommendations for petal fall if powdery mildew is present.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
3Other phosphite fungicides are also labeled on apples. See the discussion of phosphite fungicides in the Fungicides and Bactericides section (p. 55).
25 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control Alternaria blotch.
Pristine 38W
+++++
14.5 to 18.5 oz
12
0
Make first application of Pristine around third or fourth cover (mid-June). Apply two additional applications at 10- to 14-day intervals. These applications will also control other summer diseases on Delicious. Rotations of Pristine and captan plus a phosphite fungicide are also effective and will help limit QoI fungicide use since only 4 applications are allowed by the label. Use in conjunction with a preventive mite management program. Do not make more than 4 applications or apply more than 72 oz of Pristine per season.
Control blister spot.
Fungicides
Aliette WDG
Phostrol
++++
++++
0.5 to 1 gal
2.5 to 5 pt
12
4
14
0
Fruit are most susceptible to blister spot 2 to 8 weeks following petal fall.
Insect Management
*****
See IPM practices for codling moth (page 34) and oriental fruit moth (page 36) to determine the need for and timing of insecticide sprays. Keep trap bottoms clean, and replace lures at recommended intervals.
The need for insecticides against codling moth should be based on pheromone trap captures and the degree-day model.
In orchards where mating disruption for codling moth and OFM is not being used, late season (late July and August) sprays of CheckMate OFM-F or application of Isomate OFM-TT is recommended for late season control of OFM. OFM populations often increase during August and September in apples.
Control codling moth and oriental fruit moth.
Monitor pheromone traps weekly for adult activity.
*****
Insecticides
(See First Cover.)
*****
OFM Mating Disruption
Isomate OFM-TT
CheckMate OFM-F
+++++
+++++
50-100 disp.
1 to 2 oz
26 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control tufted apple bud moth.
Monitor pheromone traps weekly for adult activity.
Thin fruit to avoid excessive clustering.
*****
****
See IPM Practices for tufted apple bud moth (page 36) to determine the proper timing of insecticide applications.
Clustering of fruit is conducive to higher levels of tufted apple bud moth injury.
Insecticides
Intrepid
Delegate 25WG
Altacor 35WDG
Exirel 0.83SE
Belt 4SC
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
—
—
—
—
—
6 to 10 oz
4.5 to 7 oz
2.5 to 4.5 oz
8.5 to 17 oz
3 to 5 fl oz
4
4
4
12
12
14
7
5
3
14
Insecticide sprays for TABM are recommended only in orchards with a history of damage. See section on IPM practices for TABM (page 36) to properly time sprays. This spray often overlaps with the need for sprays of late-emerging codling moth.
Bacillus thuringiensis
Dipel 2X
CryMax
XenTari
+++
1 to 2 lb
1 to 2 lb
1 to 2 lb
4
4
4
0
0
0
For best results apply Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) products at no less than 2X concentration. If using Bts, it is important to monitor codling moth with pheromone traps because Bts do not control CM.
Control apple maggot.
Erect red sticky spheres in early June to monitor adults.
****
Erect sticky traps baited with fruit essence lures on outside rows nearest abandoned orchards or other sources of flies. Check weekly. Threshold level is a cumulative of 5 flies per trap. If the threshold is exceeded again 2 weeks after spraying, apply again. Adults can emerge from June through September. Historically, peak emergence generally occurs from mid-July to early August.
Insecticides
Imidan 70WP
Admire 4.6SC
Assail 30SG
Surround WP
++++
++++
+++
+++
¾ lb
—
—
—
3 lb
2.8 oz
8 oz
20 to 50 lb
24
12
12
4
7
7
7
—
Apply Surround at 7- to 14-day intervals, or after a heavy rain, because thorough, uniform, and consistent coverage is important. Rate of Surround will vary with tree size.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
27 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control white apple leafhopper or potato leafhopper.
Insecticides
Actara 25WDG
Admire 4.6SC
Assail 30SG
Sivanto 200SL
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
—
—
—
—
2 to 2¾ oz
2.8 oz
2.5 to 4 oz
7 to 10 oz
12
12
12
4
14
7
7
14
Threshold level for second brood white apple leafhopper nymphs (which occur in late July to early August) is one nymph per leaf. Treatment will eliminate the need to treat for adults immediately before harvest. Generally, low rates of insecticides will control leafhoppers.
Control brown stink bugs, including brown marmorated stink bug.
Insecticides
Actara 25 WDG
Belay SC
Danitol 2.4EC
Warrior 2.08CS
Endigo ZC
Leverage 2.7SE
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
4.5 to 5.5 oz
6 to 12 fl oz
16 to 21 fl oz
1.3 to 2.8 fl oz
5 to 6 fl oz
3.6 to 4.4 fl oz
12
12
24
24
24
12
35
7
14
21
35
7
Brown marmorated stink bug is established throughout apple production areas in NC, SC, and TN. It is in the early stages of infesting northeast GA. Expect infestations to be most common from August through mid-September.
*Check with local extension service for Section 18 labels that may be approved for BMSB.
Control spotted tentiform leafminer.
Insecticides
Delegate WG
Intrepid 2F
+++++
+++++
—
—
4.5 to 7 oz
8 to 12 fl oz
4
12
7
14
Leafminer infestations have become a rare occurrence in the past decade. A threshold level of two mines per leaf for second generation larvae (June to July), or 4 mines per leaf for third generation (August), should be used to dictate the need for STLM control.
Control green apple and spirea aphids.
Insecticides
Admire 4.6SC
Actara 25WDG
Assail 30SG
Belay
Sivanto 200SL
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
—
—
—
—
—
2.8 oz
4.5 oz
2.5 to 4.0 oz
4 to 6 fl oz
7 to 10 oz
12
12
12
12
4
7
35
7
7
14
Threshold level for green apple aphid is 50% infested terminals. Control is most important on young trees and in dwarf plantings. On mature trees, a higher threshold is tolerable. Biological control can often preclude the need for chemical control.
Control Comstock mealybug.
Insecticides
Diazinon 50WP
Actara 25WDG
Assail 30SG
Movento 2SC
+++++
+++
+++++
+++
1 lb
—
—
—
4 lb
4.5 oz
4 to 8 oz
6 to 9 fl oz
96
12
12
24
21
35
7
7
Applications should be made near the second or third cover spray. Comstock mealybug is an unpredictable pest, and orchards with a history of problems are most susceptible.
28 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
interval
(hours)
Preharv.
interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control woolly apple aphid.
Insecticides
Diazinon 50WP
Movento 2SC
+++++
+++
1 lb
—
4 lb
6 to 9 fl oz
24
12
21
7
Woolly apple aphid control can be difficult if insecticides are applied after populations reach large densities. Use a threshold of 10% infested shoots. Movento should be applied preventively in early July for best control. Also, an adjuvant must be used with Movento.
Control redbanded leafroller.
Insecticides
See insecticides for tufted apple bud moth.
Redbanded leafroller is a sporadic problem. If damage is done, it is usually by the last generation, which lays eggs from mid August to mid September.
Control lesser apple worm.
Insecticides
See insecticides for codling moth.
Lesser apple worm is a sporadic pest of importance in isolated areas. If damage occurs, it is usually by the third generation, which occurs in August.
Control dogwood borer.
Insecticides
Lorsban 50W
Lorsban 4E
++++
+++++
3 lb
1.5 qt
—
—
96
96
28
28
Apply insecticides with a handgun sprayer to the trunk, especially to burr knots and graft unions. Moths can lay eggs from mid-May through September, so treatment before July is optimal. Lorsban should be applied with a handgun sprayer from no more than 4 ft or with a shielded sprayer to prevent drift onto foliage or fruit.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
29 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control European red mite and twospotted spider mite.
Monitor trees for mite activity.
*****
See IPM practices for European red mite (page 35). European red mite and twospotted spider mite threshold levels before July are 7 mites per leaf (85% infested leaves) and 10 mites per leaf (90% infested leaves) during July and August. If populations are near threshold level, check for predatory mites in 3 to 4 days to determine if biological control reduces mite populations. In orchards with Alternaria blotch, a threshold of 1 mite per leaf (50% infested leaves) should be used to minimize stress to trees.
Miticides
Acramite 50WS
Nexter 75WP
Portal 0.4EC
Apollo SC
Savey 50DF
Zeal 72WDG
Envidor 2SC
Kanemite 15SC
Nealta 1.67SC
wettable sulfur
summer oil
+++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+
++
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— —
1½ to 3½ lb
½ to 1 gal
¾ to 1 lb
4.4 oz
1 to 2 pt
4 oz
3 oz
2 to 3 oz
16 to 18 oz
21 to 21 fl oz
13.7 oz
5 to 15 lb
½ to 1% soln.
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
7
25
14
45
28
28
14
14
7
7
0
If Apollo or Savey was used at petal fall, do not reapply at this time. Do not expect complete control with a single application of oil or sulfur. These materials must be applied multiple times for best results. Applying a highly refined summer oil when mite populations are beginning to increase (first and second covers) will help suppress European red mite infestations. Do not apply captan 2 weeks before or after an oil spray.
Weed Management
Spot-treat with herbicide to control difficult-to-manage perennial weeds.
glyphosate
*****
++++
See Weed Response to Herbicide table
(pages 56 to 58).
4
1
Apple trees are especially sensitive to glyphosate applied in late summer and fall. Avoid contacting tree bark and especially foliage.
Bermuda grass control.
Poast
*****
++++
1.5 pt followed by
1 pt
12
14
Apply when Bermuda grass has 4 to 6 inches of new growth in spring. Follow with a second application when Bermuda grass has 4 inches of regrowth.
30 POSTHARVEST
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Plant Growth Regulators
Control fruit storage scald.
DPA
++++
2½ pt per one gal of water as a dip or spray to harvested fruit.
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for complete details.
To maintain apple flesh firmness, fruit acidity and minimize scald.
SmartFresh
++++
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for complete details.
Weed Management
In areas where heavy populations of winter annual weeds are present, apply herbicide as part of vole management program. Application of a fall preemergence herbicide will delay the spring herbicide application to early May or later.
Apply POST or PRE+POST herbicide.
See herbicide guide.
***
See herbicide guide.
See product labels.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
31 32
Tree Row Volume (TRV):
A Model for Determining Spray Volume
The TRV model is a simple and objective method of determining (1) the volume of tree canopy on an acre of orchard, regardless of row spacing, tree size, age, or other factors; and (2) the dilute application water rate and chemical quantity for dilute (1X) applications or concentrate chemical load per acre needed to effectively spray each particular orchard, regardless of pruning and tree canopy density.
The TRV concept rests on these assumptions: Each row of trees is a wall of foliage, and water and chemical loads required can be related to the volume and density of foliage within that wall. Only three measurements must be made: (1) The distance between rows of trees; (2) the maximum tree height to be sprayed; and (3) the spread from drip line to drip line, which must be accurately measured to at least the nearest foot. In addition, an assessment of tree density is needed to calculate the TRV of an orchard.
Using these measurements, the TRV of any orchard can be calculated using the following formula:
Step 1:
Step 2: feet of row per acre (from Step 1)
x tree height (ft)
x cross-limb spread (ft)
= cu ft of foliage per acre.
Steps 1 and 2 determine the volume of foliage canopy per acre in the orchard.
Step 3: Select the number from Table 1 (below) that best indicates the canopy density of each separate orchard or block.
The cubic feet of foliage volume from Step 2 and the tree density established in Step 3 are used to calculate the water volume required per acre for a dilute spray application to provide maximum chemical load with a dilute airblast sprayer (applied to runoff).
Step 4:
cu ft of foliage
per acre
(from Step 2)
gallons of dilute solution to be applied per acre for a maximum application
canopy density
(from Step 3)
x
=
1,000 cu ft
Example:
Consider an orchard that has rows spaced 25 feet apart, trees 20 feet high, a spread of 17 feet from drip line to drip line, and a tree density of 0.85.
Step 1:
Step 2: 1,742.4 ft x 20 ft x 17 ft = 592,416 cu ft
Step 3: Density has been given as 0.85 gal/1,000 cu ft
Step 4:
However, general pesticide applications are not applied to runoff. Using 70 percent (0.70) of the “to runoff” calculated rate reduces the dilute application just to the point of drip, or what we call “pesticide dilute.” Table 2 (opposite) gives the adjustments to the “TRV calculated water rates for dilute to runoff” water application rate for various chemicals used and types of spray applications. The 503.5 gallons per acre in the example above is used to illustrate the adjustments in Table 2.
Table 1. Canopy density adjustments in tree row volume (TRV) model.
0.70 gal/1,000 cu ft
Trees extremely open, light visible through entire tree, less than 15 scaffold limbs per tree or young tree.
0.75 gal/1,000 cu ft
Trees very open, 18 to 21 scaffolds per tree, light penetration throughout tree, healthy spurs in tree canopy.
0.80 gal/1,000 cu ft
Trees well pruned, adequate light in trees for healthy spurs throughout trunk and scaffold limbs, many holes or openings in foliage where light is visible through tree.
0.85 gal/1,000 cu ft
Trees moderately well pruned, reasonable spur population within canopy, tree thick enough that light is not visible through bottom ⅔ of tree.
0.90 gal/1,000 cu ft
Trees pruned minimally, spurs inside canopy are weak due to limited light, very few openings where light is visible throughout the tree.
0.95 gal/1,000 cu ft
Little or no pruning, spurs dead or very weak in canopy, very little light visible throughout the tree.
1.00 gal/1,000 cu ft
Tree unpruned, extremely thick, no light visible anywhere through tree canopy, trees more than 20 ft high.
43,560 sq ft per acre
=
feet of row
per acre
distance between rows (ft)
43,560 ft2
=
1,742.4 ft
25 ft
592,416 cu ft
x 0.85 gal
=
503.5 gal per acre will apply a dilute application to runoff
1,000 cu ft 33
Table 2. Adjustments in tree row volume (TRV) calculated water rates per acre for various chemicals and spray applications.
Type of spray and chemical application
% of the calculated TRV dilute to runoff gallonage to be used for a dilute application
Actual gallons/acre to be used in previous TRV example orchard
1Pre-petal fall dilute pesticide application (adjusted because of incomplete foliage development)
56
282
Dilute pesticide application (from petal fall on and all other applications not specifically mentioned)
70
352
ProVide and Promalin (as a fine mist)
40 to 50
201 to 252
Spur Red Delicious thinners and dormant oil applications
100
504
Thinners for other varieties
70 to 90
352 to 453
Vegetative growth inhibitor
80 to 90
403 to 453
Preharvest Ethrel plus stop-drop spray
100 to 120
504 to 605
1To use this reduced gallonage requires accurate nozzling to top of trees and good air displacement within trees (i.e., reduced tractor speed).
Table 3 (below) demonstrates how the chemical load and water volume for concentrate sprays can be easily calculated from the TRV model.
The TRV model is accurate for dilute and concentrate chemical applications with conventional airblast sprayers, using water volumes as low as 150 gallons per acre. Below this gallonage, the physics of droplet size and impingement on the foliage can become a limiting factor in obtaining effective deposition on trees. Thus, if the TRV model calculates a water application rate of less than 150 gallons per acre, a 150 to 200 gallon rate should be considered a minimum in a conventional airblast sprayer, or be sure you are using a concentrate engineered sprayer (higher air speed) that will ensure adequate impingement of the spray solution on the tree surfaces at low water volume.
Table 3. How to calculate concentrate application rates.
Concentrate pesticide application
(3X water rate)1
Dilute pesticide TRV gallonage
=
352 gal/acre
=
117 gal/acre
Concentrate rate
3X
Concentrate pesticide chemical load per acre (2X to 4X)2
Rate of pesticide
per 100 gal
x
Dilute pesticide TRV
gal per acre
=
2.0 x 352
=
7.1 lbs/acre
100 gal
100
5X or greater3
Rate of pesticide
per 100 gal
x
Dilute pesticide TRV
gal per acre
x 0.8
=
2.0 x 352 x 0.8
=
5.6 lbs/acre
100 gal
100
1Assume the example orchard was to be sprayed at 3X concentration. 2Rate per 100 gal dilute. Example based on 2.0 lb pesticide/100 gal. 3This adjustment for concentrate application (5X or greater) should be made if spraying conditions are good and trees are properly matched to the sprayer. Adequate spray coverage cannot be assumed with concentrate application if sprays are applied during windy conditions or to thick, oversized trees.
Dwarf High-Density Orchards
Dwarf high-density orchards represent a special situation for TRV applications. Most high density orchard TRV water application rates calculate out at well below the minimum desirable gallonage for good droplet impingement (below 150 gallons/acre). We have consistently found improved efficacy of pesticide application and improved time efficiency by calibrating for double the TRV. This raises the water application rate above the minimum desirable gallonage, then you must drive every other row middle to reduce actual water volume per acre of orchard back to true TRV calculated rate. Pesticides are applied on a normal interval, alternating drive middles.
The reality of sprayer calibration and nozzling for chemical applications is that until the proper chemical load is appropriately delivered and deposited on leaf and fruit surfaces, the spray you apply cannot be considered an effective pesticide application. 34
IPM Practices for Selected Pests
Plum Curculio
Adults overwinter in leaf litter in and around orchards. In the spring when the daily maximum temperature exceeds 70°F, adults emerge, mate, and lay eggs under fruit skin. Adults generally begin to enter orchards shortly before bloom, with most adults present by the end of petal fall. Depending on weather conditions, new adults can continue to enter until at least the first cover spray. Damage is observed as feeding or oviposition scars and is cosmetic. Larval development can occur in apples that drop off the tree. Adult plum curculio are ¼-inch-long weevils with a curved snout; they are mottled black, gray, and brown with two bumps on each wing cover and a white marking across the back. Eggs hatch within a few days after being laid and feed in the fruit. The mature larva is ¼-inch long, white, slightly curved, and legless. The first generation adults usually emerge about 8 to 10 weeks later: late June or July depending on location. These adults will also feed on and damage fruit. Although plum curculio is capable of completing two generations per year in many southeastern locations, in most years only one is completed.
Scouting and Control: Plum curculio is very difficult to monitor, because traps are inconsistent and adults are difficult to observe and readily drop from trees when disturbed. After bloom, check twice weekly for plum curculio adults, feeding damage, and egg-laying scars. Typically, an insecticide at petal fall is sufficient for control, but occasionally emergence may be protracted under high population densities or cool conditions and a second application is necessary at first cover. A model developed in NY that predicts damage to apple by first generation adults is based on accumulating degree-days (50°F base, use codling moth degree-day table below) beginning at petal fall (90% of petals fallen) of ‘Delicious’ apples. The model predicts that insecticidal control is no longer necessary after 310 degree-days have accumulated from petal fall. First generation adults emerge and can feed on apples from late June through July, depending on location.
Apple Maggot
The apple maggot usually completes one generation per season, although a partial second generation can occur in certain years, particularly at elevations below 1,200 feet. Adult fly emergence from overwintering pupae in the soil is unpredictable and can occur from June through August, but the peak emergence is usually between mid July and early August. About 7 days after emergence, flies become sexually mature and mate, after which females deposit eggs under the skin of apples by puncturing them with their ovipositor. After a few days a small maggot hatches from the egg and the maggot tunnels within the fruit. When mature, the maggot exits the apple, drops to the ground, and burrows into the soil, where it completes development and forms a pupa. The pupa is the overwintering stage, and it emerges as a fly the following summer. If fly emergence is early in the season, some of their progeny emerge the same season rather than overwinter. In addition, a small percentage of flies may not emerge until 2 to 4 years later.
Weather conditions are important in dictating the timing and length of fly emergence. Pupae that are overwintering in lighter soils and in sunny areas emerge before those in heavier soils and shady areas. Sufficient soil moisture is also necessary for flies to emerge from soil-borne pupae. Drought delays or prevents many flies from emerging. Also, abandoned orchards (or even a few non-sprayed trees) and wild hawthorn trees adjacent to apples are potential sources of flies, and are a threat to commercial orchards located within a distance of about 400 yards.
Monitoring and Control: Monitor flies with red sticky spheres that are baited with a fruit essence lure. Baited spheres catch two to four times as many adults as non-baited spheres. In orchards with no history of maggot injury, a minimum of three red spheres should be placed on the outside row of an orchard closest to the suspected source of flies (e.g., abandoned orchard). Hang spheres in trees with fruit, and remove fruit within 18” of the sphere so that the sphere is highly visible to flies. In orchards with a history of damage, traps can also be placed in the interior of orchards on the southern side of trees. When using baited spheres, apply an insecticide after catching 5 flies cumulatively. Repeat an application at 14-day intervals if captures again reach 5 flies. Although the timing of emergence can vary among years, in most years the critical timing for insecticidal control is late July to early August.
Codling Moth
Codling moths begin to emerge and mate during April or early May, depending on location, and complete two generations per season. Depending on location and the year, a partial or complete third generation may occur, most commonly at elevations below about 1,000 feet. Eggs generally begin to hatch near the first cover spray, and soon larvae tunnel into and feed inside fruit. The mature larvae are similar to oriental fruit moth larvae, being ½-inch long and pinkish-white with legs. Unlike the OFM, codling moth larvae do not have an anal comb.
In recent years the codling moth has become a serious problem in orchards throughout the Southeast. Factors associated with problem orchards are (1) bin piles stored near orchards and/or (2) insecticide-resistant populations. Bins are an ideal environment for overwintering larvae, and when they complete their development the following spring the adults disperse to nearby orchards. Orchards within 100 to 150 yards of bin piles are particularly prone to infestation. Insecticide resistance has been detected in a number of orchards where problems have persisted for one or two years.
Codling Moth Degree-Day Model
The codling moth degree-day model is used to predict adult emergence and egg hatch of each of the two to three 35
generations that occur each year. The model has been in existence for more than 30 years and was recently modified to more accurately reflect southeastern populations. However, the model may not be accurate where moths emerging from nearby bins are a primary source of codling moth, because these individuals usually emerge later than those in natural habitats in the orchard.
Base a decision to spray insecticides against codling moth on pheromone trapping and the codling moth degree-day model. Use pheromone traps to determine the starting point of the model (biofix) and to gauge the intensity of populations. The degree-day model predicts percent of adult emergence and egg hatch for each of the two to three generations of codling moth that annually occur in the Southeast. The model is quite accurate for the first generation, but is less accurate for each successive generation.
To use the model, begin to accumulate degree days when male flight begins in the spring, which is referred to as biofix. The biofix date is determined with pheromone traps to detect the first sustained catch of two or more moths in the spring. Traps should be placed in orchards near the tight cluster stage of bud development, and checked one to two times per week. Hang traps at a density of one trap per 10 acres of orchard. Traps hung in the upper third of the canopy catch more moths than those in the lower canopy and are a preferred location. Once biofix is determined, degree days are calculated daily. It is only necessary to check traps once per week after biofix is determined. Use the table on page 39 to determine the number of degree days occurring at various maximum and minimum daily temperatures.
First Generation CM: Recommendations are provided for low- and moderate-to-high population densities. Low-density orchards are those where less than 0.2 percent of fruit were damaged the previous year and pheromone trap catches do not exceed 1 to 2 moths per trap per week anytime during the first generation (up to about 1000 DD after biofix). Under these conditions, a single application at 350 DD after biofix is sufficient.
In moderate-to high-density orchards, apply two insecticide applications at 14 to 21 days apart, the first at 100 to 250 DD after biofix: 100 to 150 if using a product which depends primarily on ovicidal activity for control (i.e., Intrepid or Rimon), and 250 if using other insecticides that target early stage larvae. Additional applications may be necessary if trap captures remain high (greater than 7 moths per trap).
A second emergence of overwintering adults sometimes occurs between 500 and 800 degree days after biofix. This is often referred to as the “B peak” and may be associated with insecticide-resistant individuals in the population. Hence, pheromone trapping is important throughout the flight period.Relationship between degree-day accumulations from biofix and percentages of codling moth adult emergence and egg hatch.
Cumulative
Degree Days
% Adult Emergence
% Egg
Hatch
0 (Biofix)
5
0
1
10
0
50
13
0
100
17
0
150
22
0
200
29
0
250
36
0
300
43
0
350
52
3
400
60
8
450
67
12
500
74
22
550
80
30
600
84
36
650
88
42
700
91
54
750
93
62
800
95
64
850
96
67
900
97
73
950
98
81
1000
99
92
1050
10
100
1100
12
1
1150
15
1
1200
19
2
1250
23
3
1300
28
4
1350
33
5
1400
39
8
1450
45
11
1500
51
15
1550
57
20
1600
63
24
1650
69
29
1700
74
35
1750
78
38
1800
82
48
1850
86
64
1900
88
65
1950
91
68
2000
93
71
2050
94
73
2100
95
75
2150
96
78
2200
97
81
2250
98
84
2300
98
84
2350
99
85
2400
99
90
2500
10
95
2550
15
98
2600
20
99
2650
25
100
36
Second generation CM: Recommendations are provided for extremely low, low, and moderate-to-high population densities. Extremely low-density orchards may not require an insecticide application (no first-generation damage is observed and pheromone trap catches remain below one moth per trap per week between 1,000 and 2,500 DD after biofix). Low-density orchards require one insecticide application, and recent research indicates the optimum timing is 1,400 to 1,500 DD. These orchards may have no sign of damage by first generation larvae and trap catches between 3 to 5 moths per trap per week between 1,000 to 1,500 DD after biofix. Moderate-to high-density orchards will have fruit damage and higher pheromone trap catches requiring at least two insecticide applications at 14-day intervals, starting about 1,400 DD after biofix, and additional applications if trap captures remain above 5 to 7 moths per trap per week.
Third Generation CM: The model should not be relied upon alone for timing insecticide applications for the third generation, because the model becomes less accurate over time.
Exceptions to the Model: Where codling moth populations are extremely high and where pheromone trap catches remain high between generations, additional insecticide applications at shorter intervals may be necessary. This often occurs in orchards adjacent to abandoned orchards, orchards near bins, or in problem orchards with high populations.
Oriental Fruit Moth
Oriental fruit moths begin to emerge and mate before apple bloom, and eggs begin to hatch at petal fall. Variable spring temperatures cause erratic emergence and egg-laying by first-generation moths. The larvae feed on shoot tips and inside apple fruit. The mature larva is ½-inch long, pinkish-white, and has an anal comb and legs. The only way to distinguish between oriental fruit moth and codling moth larvae is to use a hand lens to examine mature larvae for the presence of an anal comb. Codling moth larvae do not have an anal comb.
Oriental Fruit Moth Degree-Day Model
Base a decision to spray insecticides against oriental fruit moth on pheromone trap catches and a DD model. The model biofix is determined in the same manner as for the codling moth. Use pheromone traps to determine the starting point of the model and to gauge the intensity of populations. The degree-day model predicts adult emergence and egg hatch for the first three of the four or five generations that occur in the Southeast. However, generations overlap later in the season, which makes the degree-day model less useful at this time. The table on page 39 uses daily maximum and minimum temperatures to determine daily DDs for oriental fruit moth (base 45°F). Place traps in the orchards near the green-tip stage of bud development, and check one to two times per week. Hang traps at eye level at a density of 1 trap per 10 acres of orchard. Check traps weekly after the biofix date.
First-Generation OFM: Control of the first generation is often important to prevent first-generation damage and to reduce populations of subsequent generations. First-generation egg laying is usually low on apple, and only one insecticide application between 400 and 500 DD after biofix is necessary, which usually coincides with petal fall.
Second-Generation OFM: If first-generation control was successful, second-generation populations are usually very low. Extremely low-density orchards may not require an insecticide application (pheromone trap catches never exceed 3 moths per trap per week between 800 to 1,600 DD). In low-density orchards (3 to 5 moths per trap per week between 800 and 1,500 DD), make a single insecticide application at 1,400 DD. Moderate- to high-density orchards will have fruit damage, higher trap catches, or both, and may need two insecticide applications 14 days apart starting at 1,100 DD.
Third and Fourth Generations: Use of the degree-day model becomes less useful beginning in July and August due to overlapping of generations. For this reason, rely on pheromone trap captures to determine the need for control measures. Use of a threshold level of 7 moths per trap per week has worked well to minimize damage. In situations where consistently high trap captures occur, mating disruption should be considered (see below).
Tufted Apple Bud Moth
The tufted apple bud moth (TABM) is the most common leafroller occurring on apple in the Southeast. In the 1990s it was the most destructive insect pest of southeastern apples due to insecticide resistance, but populations have greatly reduced since the introduction of new insecticides in the early 2000s. TABM completes two generations per year, with egg laying occurring during June (first generation) and August and September (second generation). Larvae feed on leaves and fruit, with fruit damage usually observed as surface feeding. However, second-generation larvae may also be found feeding within the calyx end of fruit. Unless an individual orchard has a history of damage by this insect, it is doubtful that special precautions need to be taken. Timing is critical to the successful management of this pest. In most instances, one well-timed insecticide application per generation will provide high levels of control. Cultural controls are also important. Maintain a clean orchard floor, particularly in the early spring before bloom, to minimize TABM populations by removing the food source for overwintering larvae. New apple sucker growth and broadleaf weeds are important food sources in the spring. Thinning apples to breakup clusters of fruit also reduces damage.
Tufted Apple Bud Moth Degree-Day Model
A TABM degree-day model similar to that of the oriental fruit moth and codling moth was developed specifically for populations in the Southeast. For calculating degree days from maximum and minimum daily temperatures, use the oriental fruit moth table on page 39 (45°F). Place TABM pheromone traps at the tight cluster to pink stage of bud development at a density of 1 trap per 20 acres of orchard. Biofix is the first date on which a sustained catch occurs and may vary from 2 to 5 moths per trap per week. The cumulative number of degree days from the point of biofix is used 37
to predict percent egg hatch and to time insecticide applications against the first generation.
First-Generation Recommendation: When population densities are sufficiently high or if a short residual insecticide is used (i.e., Bacillus thuringiensis), two insecticide applications per generation may be necessary; make the first application at about 10 percent egg hatch, which occurs at about 800 DD after biofix, and the second application 14 days later. Where populations are low or if using a long residual insecticide (Intrepid, Delegate, Altacor), one application per generation should be made anytime between 10 and 30 percent egg hatch of the first generation, or from 800 to 1,200 DD after biofix.
Second-Generation Recommendation: Population densities of second generation TABM have been low since the registration of highly effective new insecticides such as Altacor, Intrepid, Delegate, and Rimon. In fact, insecticidal control of the second generation has not been necessary in many orchards when one of these products was used against the first generation. Not unless pheromone trap captures exceed about 15 moths per trap by 2,600 DD after biofix (time of 10% egg hatch of the second generation) is an insecticide application recommended. Control is most important on later maturing apples that are harvested after mid September.
Mating Disruption
Mating disruption consists of emitting relatively large amounts of an insect’s sex pheromone into an orchard environment to disrupt the normal mate-location process. Mating disruption prevents or reduces mating and the subsequent laying of fertile eggs, which effectively reduces populations below economically damaging levels. It is effective only in blocks of 5 acres or more. In apples, mating disruption is registered for codling moth and oriental fruit moth. Oriental fruit moth is much easier to control with mating disruption compared with codling moth; use both mating disruption and insecticides against moderate to high codling moth populations. Mating disruption will not control infestations resulting from immigrating fertilized female moths; hence, mating disruption alone is not recommended in blocks located adjacent to a likely source of immigrating moths (such as abandoned orchards or bin storage areas).
Pheromone Dispensers: A number of companies market pheromone dispensers for mating disruption, including hand-applied dispensers that emit pheromones for a relatively long period and sprayable products that last for shorter periods and need to be reapplied. Companies are now marketing pheromone dispensers that contain both codling moth and oriental fruit moth so that a single dispenser type can be used for mating disruption of both insects. Dispensers vary in the amount of pheromone they contain and the length of time during which pheromone is emitted, so read the label beforehand to ensure that dispensers are used properly. Because both codling moth and oriental fruit moth are potential pests in the Southeast, it is highly recommended that dual pheromone dispensers be used in apples.
Timing of Applications: For the codling moth, place pheromone dispensers in the orchard before adults begin to fly in the spring. First emergence of adults usually begins during late bloom or petal fall of Delicious cultivars. Hence, dispenser application should be completed by petal fall. Best results are obtained when dispensers are hung in the upper third of the canopy, because this is where mating occurs.
The oriental fruit moth begins to emerge near green tip of Delicious cultivars, so for season-long control, dispensers should be in the orchard by this time. However, insecticides applied at petal fall for other insects usually control this first generation, so if using oriental fruit moth dispensers only, application can be delayed until just before emergence of the second- or third-generation adults (950 and 1850 DD after biofix, respectively). If using sprayable pheromones for mating disruption, which is only recommended for OFM, make the initial application when hand-applied dispensers are applied. If mating disruption is not used against this insect and pheromone trap captures remain low during the season, a single late-season application in mid to late August will help to suppress late-season populations.
Monitoring Insects: Monitoring codling moth and oriental fruit moth populations is of critical importance to measure the effectiveness of mating disruption and to determine the need for insecticides. Pheromone traps should be used to monitor moth populations, and fruit should also be examined at periodic intervals. When properly used, pheromone trapping can be useful to determine the need for insecticides under mating disruption orchards. Traps should be hung in the upper one-third of the canopy, because that is where codling moth activity is most intense. Traps should be hung at a density of no less than one trap per five acres, and preferably one per three acres, and checked at weekly intervals. Trap captures should be added each week, and when the cumulative number exceeds an average of three moths per trap, an insecticide may be necessary. Threshold levels are based on using large delta-style traps and Trece CM L2 lures, which should be replaced at 12-week intervals.
The type of pheromone lure used in traps is also important. Some lures contain a pear ester kairomone that enhances capture of codling moth and may capture female moths, and is sold as CMDA. Lures to enhance OFM captures contain a combination of OFM pheromone plus codling moth. Finally acetic acid lures placed in traps with the pheromone lures enhance capture of both moths.
European Red Mite Management
Several beneficial arthropods can help keep European red mite (ERM) populations below damaging levels. The most common in the Southeast are the phytoseiid mite (Amblyseius fallacis) and a complex of generalist predators (such as lady beetles and lacewings). However, recent research in North Carolina suggests that neither of these predators overwinters to any significant degree within orchards, so they must be reestablished in orchards in the spring. Hence, practices that delay the buildup of ERM and enable predators to increase before mites become a problem will favor biological control. The two most effective practices 38
are applying a delayed dormant oil spray and avoiding insecticides toxic to these predators.
Monitoring Mite Populations: Use a regular monitoring program to follow the buildup of mite populations and to determine if and when supplemental applications of a miticide are necessary to avoid economic damage. Monitor each contiguous block of apples weekly beginning when adult mites
first appear (which may vary from mid-May to late June). Within each block, examine 5 leaves from each of 10 trees with a visor lens or hand lens. Rather than counting the total number of mites on each leaf, record the number of leaves infested with one or more mites, and estimate mite density from the table below.
Determining the Need for Miticides: When mite populations reach a density of 5 to 10 mites per leaf (80 to 90 percent infested leaves), decide whether to rely on biological control or apply a miticide to prevent mites from increasing to damaging levels. To gauge the potential for biological control with predator mite A. fallacis, count the number of predator mites on sample leaves with a visor lens. If the ratio of A. fallacis to ERM is between 1 to 5 and 1 to 15, biological control is possible. If predators are not present and mite populations are between 5 to 10 mites per leaf, apply a miticide.
Where Alternaria blotch is a problem on Delicious apples, biological control is usually not an option. Alternaria blotch in the presence of mite injury can lead to premature defoliation, so mite populations must be maintained at very low levels. If preventive control measures are not used, miticides should be used when mites reach 1-2 mites per leaf.
Relationship between European red mite density per leaf and % infested leaves.
% Mite-Infested Leaves
(>1 mite/leaf)
Expected No.
Mites per Leaf
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.6
2.0
2.6
3.4
4.7
6.8
11.4
26.4 39
Codling moth degree days (50°F lower base, 88°F upper base) at various daily maximum and minimum temperatures.
Max
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
Min
20
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
22
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
6
6
6
7
8
9
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
24
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
6
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
11
12
13
14
15
16
26
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
6
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
13
14
15
16
28
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
6
6
7
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
16
30
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
32
0
1
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
34
0
1
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
14
15
16
17
36
0
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
17
38
0
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
40
0
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
17
18
42
0
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
44
0
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
16
17
18
19
46
0
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
48
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
50
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
52
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
54
-
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
56
-
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
58
-
-
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
60
-
-
-
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
62
-
-
-
-
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
64
-
-
-
-
-
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
66
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
68
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
70
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
72
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
74
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
76
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Oriental fruit moth degree days (45°F lower base, 91°F upper base) at various daily maximum and minimum temperatures.
Max
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
Min
20
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
10
12
12
13
14
15
16
17
17
18
19
22
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
18
19
24
1
2
2
2
4
4
5
6
7
7
8
10
10
11
12
12
14
15
15
16
18
18
19
20
26
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
18
18
19
20
28
1
2
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
11
13
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
30
1
2
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
12
13
13
15
16
16
17
19
19
20
21
32
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
19
20
21
34
1
2
3
3
4
6
6
7
8
8
10
11
11
12
14
14
15
17
17
18
19
20
21
21
36
1
2
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66
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68
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70
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39 40
Pesticide Resistance Management
General Considerations
Pesticide resistance is a shift in the genetics of a pest population that allows individuals within a previously susceptible population to survive. Resistant pest populations have inherited traits that reduce their susceptibility to individual pesticides or groups of pesticides. Resistance develops in all agricultural pest groups—insects, mites, fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and weeds. Pesticide-resistant individuals are initially quite rare in pest populations. However, when a new pesticide is first used, a very low number of individual pests never previously exposed to the novel chemistry can be expected to be resistant. The frequency of resistant genes to novel chemistries varies tremendously, but history makes it clear that resistant individuals should be expected in all pest groups. By the nature of the process, resistance most often develops to pesticides that are initially very effective and frequently used.
Pesticide resistance management is an effort to slow or prevent the development of resistance. It relies on pest management and pesticide-use strategies to prolong the effective life of pesticides. Resistance management is difficult, especially in high-value crops such as fruit, where high quality standards and limited numbers of registered pesticides make the task more challenging.
Managing resistance requires an understanding of the factors that influence its development. Selection is the process of pesticide-induced selection for resistance. With regular pesticide use, those rare individuals that are naturally resistant survive and reproduce more successfully than their susceptible peers. Resistance frequency refers to the proportion of a pest population that is resistant. Cross resistance refers to a type of resistance in which a pest population develops resistance to more than one pesticide within a chemical family (such as organophosphate insecticides or EBDC fungicides). Multiple resistance involves multiple, independent resistance mechanisms, which often lead to resistance to chemicals from different families (organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, dodine and DMI fungicides). Resistance stability is a key factor in managing resistance. Stability is an estimate of how well resistance persists in a pest population once the pesticide is no longer used. The rate of reversion to a susceptible state varies enormously. But when pesticide use ceases, selective pressure for resistance is removed, and over time resistance will often be reduced. Resistance stability estimates may allow limited use of resistance-prone compounds.
It is important to emphasize that control failures do not confirm resistance. Other factors (poor timing, sprayer calibration or coverage, wash-off, high pH in spray tank water, inappropriate materials, etc.) should be eliminated as causes for control failures before resistance is seriously considered. Factors influencing the development of resistance can be grouped into biological and management categories. Biological factors include pest reproductive rate, mobility of the pest species into and out of untreated areas, and genetic factors such as number of resistance mechanisms, resistance frequency and intensity, and resistance stability. Management factors that influence resistance development include how materials are applied, how often they are used, how long they persist in the field, treatment thresholds, and strategies for using available pesticides. Resistance management efforts study specific pest-pesticide interactions and focus on practical strategies that growers can implement.
Pest management is practical and works in concert with pesticide-use strategies to lessen resistance selection by facilitating prudent, as-needed pesticide use. Pesticide-use strategies work best when implemented as a new pesticide comes into commerce. Pesticide manufacturers, IPM scientists, and growers have come to recognize that using resistance management from the beginning works best. Collecting baseline susceptibilities, defining probable resistance problems beforehand, and proposing pesticide-use strategies to forestall resistance development are the province of manufacturers and IPM scientists. Biologically and economically sound resistance management plans offered pre-sale give growers the best hope for managing resistance. Pesticide-use strategies are often grouped as follows: (1) management by moderation, (2) rotation and mixtures, and (3) saturation.
Moderation means limiting the use of a pesticide. Moderation is employed in concert with IPM practices, such as using treatment thresholds, spraying only specific pest generations or growth stages, maintaining unsprayed wild host reservoirs to act as refuges for genetically susceptible individuals, using pesticides with shorter residual or lower toxicity to important beneficial populations, etc. Moderation should be used to the fullest extent that will provide commercially acceptable control.
Rotation, and in some cases mixtures, are the bulwarks of pesticide-use strategies because an individual pest is less likely to be resistant to two or more differing classes of toxins. In theory, most individual pests resistant to one pesticide will be killed when exposed to a different class of toxin. Rotations depend on having effective, labeled materials with different modes of action. Material cost is a key practical consideration that favors rotation. Mixtures of fungicides have been used successfully to combat disease resistance, although cost lessens the attractiveness of this approach. Mixtures of insecticides and miticides have typically performed poorly. Rotation is seen as the desired approach for insecticides, miticides, and some fungicides.
Saturation, the use of higher pesticide rates to control resistant individuals, is the least attractive resistance management approach, although it has been used to manage resistance to DMI fungicides. Saturation is generally a last resort when there are no other effective, labeled alternatives. In this scenario, higher rates will often provide control for a time, although at greater cost. Synergists, chemicals that increase the toxicity of pesticides, have sometimes been effective in boosting the efficacy of resistance-prone pesticides. As with simple rate increases, saturation with synergists typically provides only short-term benefits.
41
Insecticide Resistance Management Strategies
In the southeastern United States, pesticide resistance has been documented in the tufted apple bud moth, codling moth, rosy apple aphid, and European red mite. Currently, codling moth resistance is most important, but good resistance management strategies are required to prevent other pests from developing resistance.
Codling Moth
Insecticide-resistant codling moth populations became prevalent throughout the Southeast in the early 2000s. Resistance to one or more registered insecticides, including Intrepid and Rimon, were detected in a number of orchards in Georgia and North Carolina. In situations where codling moth resistance occurs, populations usually increase to large numbers, and frequent insecticide applications at short intervals (7 to 10 days) are necessary at critical times (between 400 and 800 DD after biofix) to prevent damage. However, such intense insecticide use may lead to higher levels of resistance, so alternative management strategies should be used in conjunction with insecticides. Using mating disruption is strongly encouraged as a resistance management tactic, because this will help reduce population densities more quickly than insecticides alone and, subsequently, the need for insecticide applications. After two to three years of continuous mating disruption, codling moth population densities can be reduced so that only one or two total insecticide applications are needed for season-long control. In addition, make an attempt to avoid using more than two insecticide applications against a single codling moth generation by incorporating codling moth virus (Cyd-X or Carpovirusine) applications into the spray program after two applications have been made. When choosing insecticides, rotate insecticides with different modes of action against each generation. For example, make two applications of the same insecticide against the first generation, but use an insecticide with a different mode of action against the second generation.
Rosy Apple Aphid
The rosy apple aphid has developed widespread resistance to Lorsban, and control failures with Asana, Ambush, Danitol and Diazinon have become more common in recent years. Consequently, neonicotinoid insecticides are now most commonly used for control. It is important to remember that all neonicotinoids (Actara, Assail, Calypso, Belay, and Provado) have a similar mode of action and should be considered the same material for rotation purposes.
The two best times to control rosy apple aphid on apple are (1) tight cluster to pink or (2) petal fall. Do not apply any insecticide with the same mode of action more than once during this time frame, and if possible do not use the insecticide used for rosy apple aphid control more than once during the period when the aphids may occur in apple orchards (through the third or fourth cover spray).
European Red Mite
Avoiding unnecessary miticide applications is the most effective strategy for minimizing the potential for resistance development. A delayed dormant oil application is highly recommended to suppress overwintering populations of European red mite and to improve the potential for biological control to maintain mite populations below damaging levels. On Delicious cultivars, which are susceptible to Alternaria blotch and where preventive control or low threshold levels are recommended for control of European red mite, there is a high potential for developing resistant populations. To reduce this potential, in addition to a delayed dormant oil application, do not use the same miticide in successive years.
Resistance Management Strategies for Plant Pathogens
Resistance of plant pathogens to pesticides has become widespread over the past 40 years as site-specific (systemic) chemicals have been developed and used on many crops and against many pathogens. The broad-spectrum protectants (such as captan and mancozeb) that were used previously had multiple sites of activity in the target pathogens, greatly reducing the likelihood of resistance development.
Resistance has become a problem in the U.S. in at least five pathogens that affect apples during the growing season: Venturia inaequalis, cause of apple scab; Podosphaera leucotricha, cause of powdery mildew; Alternaria mali, cause of Alternaria leaf blotch; Erwinia amylovora, cause of fire blight; and Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans, cause of blister spot. Resistance of V. inaequalis to dodine (Syllit, initially sold as Cyprex) was first reported in New York in 1969. It has subsequently been reported in several states in the Northeast and Midwest but has not been found in orchards in the Southeast. Resistance of V. inaequalis to the benzimidazole fungicides (benomyl and thiophanate-methyl) was reported shortly after their introduction in 1971 and became widespread in the eastern U.S., including the Southeast, in the mid-1970s. As a consequence they are no longer recommended for apple scab control in the Southeast. The demethylation inhibiting (DMI) fungicides were first introduced in the late 1980s, and reduced sensitivity of V. inaequalis has been reported or suspected in a number of orchards in the Northeast and Midwest. Some growers in NC have also had problems controlling scab with DMI fungicides, suggesting that resistance may be a problem here as well. Resistance of V. inaequalis to strobilurin (QoI) fungicides (Flint and Sovran) has been reported in Virginia. Resistance of Alternaria mali to the QoI fungicides (Flint and Sovran) has been reported in North Carolina. Resistance of Podosphaera leucotricha to EBI and QoI fungicides is evident in Virginia. Resistance of the fire blight bacterium, E. amylovora, to streptomycin (FireWall, Agri-mycin 17, Streptrol) is present in several states but has not been reported in the Southeast. Resistance of P. syringae pv. papulans has been confirmed in an orchard in Tennessee and in New York. There is potential for resistance to the Group 9 fungicides (anilinopyrimidine, AP, cyprodinil, and pyrimethanil), which include Vangard and Scala and are components of Inspire Super and Luna Tranquility, and to the newer Group 7 42
fungicides (carboximide, SDHI, boscalid, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, and penthiopyrad), which are included in Pristine, Luna Sensation, Luna Tranquility, Merivon, and Fontelis.
To avoid resistance development, minimize the use of fungicides and bactericides in which resistance is likely to develop. Additionally, combine site-specific fungicides with protectant fungicides that have broad spectrum activity. Limit
dodine applications to two to three per year. In areas where dodine resistance first became a problem, it was often used 10 to 12 times throughout the growing season. Similarly, limit streptomycin use for fire blight control to two to four times a year. Make applications only during times favorable for infection. These periods are characterized by open blossoms, dew or rainfall greater than 0.01 inch, an average daily temperature of 60°F or greater, and the accumulation of at least 198 degree-hours greater than 65°F since the first blossoms opened. Use the DMI and QoI fungicides only in combination with broad spectrum protectants, such as captan or EBDC fungicides. Avoid post-symptom applications of site-specific fungicides, such as dodine and the DMI fungicides, because this sets up an ideal situation for selection of resistant strains. Good orchard sanitation practices to maintain pathogen populations at low levels are also an important component of a resistance management program.
Herbicide Resistant Weeds
The reality of herbicide resistant weeds infesting orchards is more likely today than ever. Populations of pigweed and goosegrass resistant to dinitroanaline herbicides (Prowl and Oryzalin) exist in the Southeast. Populations of johnsongrass resistant to carboxylase herbicides (Fusilade DX) also have been documented. Most recently glyphosate resistant weeds have been found across the Southeast and Midwest. Glyphosate resistant weed populations have been verified in Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. The two most notable species developing resistance to glyphosate are horseweed and Palmer amaranth. Glyphosate resistant ragweed is suspected and being investigated as well. Growers should be aware that these weeds are in apple production regions and in the event of control failures herbicide programs will have to be altered. If you suspect a problem or need additional information you should contact your county agent with the Cooperative Extension Service.
In order to prevent the development of herbicide resistant weeds growers should take into consideration the following practices:
1. Rotate herbicides with different modes of action (see table below). For example, do not use simazine (Princep, Simazine) continuously. Consider other pre-emergence broadleaf herbicide options. Avoid making more than two applications of the same herbicide in the same year.
2. Scout orchards to identify weeds. Respond quickly to changes in weed populations by controlling weeds
before they spread throughout the entire orchard.
3. Use non-selective post-emergence herbicides in a weed management program.
4. Use herbicides only as needed.
Herbicide Mode of Action Table
MOA Group
Herbicide Members
1
Clethodim (Select, etc.), Fluazifop (Fusilade), Sethoxydim (Poast)
2
Rimsulfuron (Matrix, Pruvin, Solida) and Halosulfuron (Sandea)
3
Oryzalin (Surflan) and
Pendimethalin (Prowl)
4
2,4-D amine, clopyralid (Stinger), fluroxypyr (Starane or Comet)
5
Simazine and Terbacil (Sinbar)
7
Diuron (Karmex, Direx)
9
Glyphosate (Roundup, etc.)
10
Glufosinate (Reckon)
12
Norflurazon (Solicam)
14
Flumioxazin (Chateau), Carfentrazone (Aim, Zeus Prime), Salflufenacil (Treevix), Sulfrentrazone (Zeus Prime)
20
Dichlobenil (Casoron)
22
Paraquat
(Gramoxone, Firestorm, Parazone)
29
Indaziflam (Alion) 43
Effect of pH on Pesticide Activity
Although the pH of spray water does not directly affect resistance development, it can affect the activity of some pesticides. The label on dimethoate, phosmet, malathion, azinphos-methyl, formetanate, ethephon, NAA, and possibly others warns of this effect. When these materials, except NAA, are exposed to a pH above 7.5, they undergo hydrolysis and break down to products that are either less effective or not effective. Excessively acidic conditions may limit uptake of NAA and, therefore, its effectiveness. The actual rate of breakdown depends on solubility and temperature and the total quantity broken down during a given period. For example, captan is hydrolyzed very quickly at alkaline pHs, but because it is very insoluble, the impact of pH is negligible unless captan is allowed to stand for a week or more. Hydrolysis increases with increased temperature. If the time in the spray tank is limited by applying pesticides immediately, then the quantitative amount broken down is limited.
Additives to the spray tank can also be a factor. Calcium chloride, especially when concentrated in the tank and applied in a low volume spray, can increase the pH. The greater the concentration, the greater the alkalinity. The manufacturing process for calcium chloride leaves residues of free lime (calcium hydroxide). The greater the purity of the calcium chloride, the lower the content of calcium hydroxide and the lower the effect on pH.
The water source can be a factor. Although most wells, streams, and rivers in the southeastern growing region are mildly acidic (6.7 plus or minus 0.2) there are exceptions; therefore, check pH a few times before regular use. Ponds are more likely to be alkaline, especially those high in algae and other organisms. These ponds undergo diurnal pH changes as result of dissolved carbon dioxide. Levels greater than 10 have been observed. Alkalinity contributed by CO2 is weakly buffered and readily changed by acidifying agents.
Although not pH-related, some pesticides can be affected by other contaminants in the water. For example, fenbuconazole, not labeled on apples, is greatly reduced in effectiveness by suspended particulates. Still other compounds like 2,4-D and azoxystrobilurin can be very difficult to wash out of the tank and can have a deleterious effect on apples at very low concentrations.
44
Orchard Floor Management
The best strategy for managing the orchard floor is to use a noncompetitive grass alley with a vegetation-free strip in the tree row. The vegetation-free strip can be established and maintained with herbicides as described in this section. The permanent grass sod between the tree rows will minimize soil erosion, increase soil aeration and permeability, and support equipment movement through the orchard during wet weather. The vegetation-free strip eliminates competition for water and nutrients, minimizes tree damage or loss from voles during the dormant season, and provides some radiant heat from the soil surface should a spring frost or freeze occur. Herbicides are directed at the soil and weeds underneath the tree.
The vegetation-free strip method is superior to all other orchard floor management options. Vegetation under the tree competes for nutrients and water, resulting in reduced growth, yield, and size of fruit. Another option is the use of organic mulches in the tree row. Examples of mulching materials include straw, wood chips, and grass residue from mowing. These mulches will suppress weed emergence, but weed removal by some means will still be necessary. Mulches can improve the water-holding capacity of some soils. However, there are several concerns regarding the use of organic mulches. The most significant problem is that mulches create an ideal habitat for voles. Also, additional nitrogen may be needed to support the microorganisms that drive decomposition of organic mulches. In poorly drained or waterlogged soils, organic mulches increase the likelihood of phytophthora root rot. Mulches can be expensive and difficult to obtain. Synthetic mulches made from polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyester can be placed in the tree row around the base of the trunk or as a narrow strip down the row. Some newer synthetics allow water and air to pass through the mulch.
Herbicide Considerations
To ensure proper herbicide use, always read the manufacturer’s label before application. All statements on the manufacturer’s label take precedence over any recommendations in this publication.
It is important that herbicide application equipment be properly calibrated to ensure that herbicides are applied at the correct rate. For questions about calibrating your sprayer, contact your county’s Cooperative Extension agent.
Remember that herbicides are applied as a directed spray along each side of the tree row. Flat fan nozzles are most widely used for applying herbicides. They provide excellent spray coverage of weeds and come in several sizes with capabilities to apply a range of spray volumes. Some manufacturers make flat fan nozzles that minimize spray drift, allowing low-pressure spraying. Investing in such spray nozzles decreases the likelihood of off-target herbicide movement.
It is advisable to apply white latex paint to the bottom 2 to 3 feet of the tree trunk of newly planted trees before applying herbicides. Painting the tree trunks reduces the potential for winter as well as herbicide injury, especially from postemergence herbicides. Dip a car wash mitt (wear rubber gloves underneath the mitt) in paint and rub up and down the tree trunk until it is completely painted.
Several herbicides are registered for use in apple orchards. Some are preemergence herbicides that control weeds that have not emerged, and others are postemergence herbicides that control emerged weeds. Preemergence herbicides
2016 Integrated Orchard Management Guide for Commercial Apples in the Southeast
Alabama Cooperative Extension System
Auburn University
University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Arkansas
Clemson Cooperative Extension Service
Clemson University
University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service
University of Georgia
North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service
North Carolina State University
University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service
University of Tennessee Poison Control Centers and Emergency Facilities
PESTICIDE POISONING Symptoms of pesticide poisoning may include headache, blurred vision, weakness, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and chest discomfort. If any of these symptoms occur during or after mixing or applying pesticides or if an unintended unprotected exposure such as a spill occurs, stop work at once and take appropriate action. If pesticide is spilled on the skin, immediately wash the area thoroughly with large amounts of soap and water. If pesticide is in the eye, flush the eye for 15 minutes with running water. If pesticide is inhaled, move to open, clean air. If pesticide is ingested, rinse out the mouth. Follow all label first aid directions. Give CPR if indicated. Get help. Contact your physician or poison control center (listed below or on WPS safety poster). Transport the victim to the closest medical care facility. Take the pesticide container or the label with you, or have others search for the label and get it to the facility.
Most pesticide poisonings are due to overexposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Investigation indicates these are the result of misuse, disregard for safety precautions, and lack of proper hygiene during mixing and application. Ninety percent of occupational exposure is through the hands. Use neoprene or butyl rubber gloves. Rubber boots prevent acute exposure from spills and chronic exposure from accumulation of residues in materials of boots and shoes.
STATE-DESIGNATED POISON CENTERS
Dialing 1-800-222-1222 reaches the poison control center for the state from which the call is made.
ALABAMA
800-222-1222
Children’s of Alabama
1600 Seventh Avenue South
Birmingham, AL 35233
800-222-1222 (administration and emergency)
www.childrensal.org/rpcc
NORTH CAROLINA
800-222-1222
Carolinas Poison Center
PO Box 32861
Charlotte, NC 28232-2861
800-222-1222 (administration and emergency)
www.ncpoisoncenter.org
ARKANSAS
800-222-1222
Arkansas Poison & Drug Information Center
4301 West Markham, #522-2
Little Rock, AR 72205
501-686-6161 (administration)
www.uamshealth.com/poisoncontrol
SOUTH CAROLINA
800-222-1222
Palmetto Poison Center
University of South Carolina
Columbia, SC 29208
803-777-7909 (business)
www.poison.sc.edu
GEORGIA
800-222-1222
Georgia Poison Center Education Department
80 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, SE
PO Box 26066
Atlanta, GA 30303
404-616-9237 (administration)
404-616-9000 (local)
404-616-9235 (education)
404-616-9287 (TDD)
www.georgiapoisoncenter.org
TENNESSEE
800-222-1222
Tennessee Poison Center
Suite 501
1313 21st Avenue South
Nashville, TN 37232
615-936-2047 (TTY)
615-936-0760 (administration) www.mc.vanderbilt.edu
(search “poison center”)
2016 Integrated Orchard Management Guide for Commercial Apples in the Southeast
Table of Contents
Pest and Orchard Management Program ....................................................... 2
Tree Row Volume: A Model for Determining Spray Volume ........................ 32
IPM Practices for Selected Pests ................................................................... 34
Pesticide Resistance Management ............................................................... 40
Effect of pH on Pesticide Activity .................................................................. 43
Orchard Floor Management.......................................................................... 44
Apple Pollination, Honey Bees, and Pesticides ............................................. 46
Soil and Plant Analysis Guidelines for Southeastern Apple Production ........ 46
Fertility Management Recommendations for Apples ................................... 48
Relative Effectiveness of Fungicides ............................................................. 49
Relative Effectiveness of Insecticides and Miticides ..................................... 53
Toxicity of Pesticides to Beneficial Arthropods ............................................. 54
Weed Response to Preemergence Herbicides .............................................. 56
Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicides ............................................ 57
Fungicides and Bactericides .......................................................................... 59
Insecticides and Miticides ............................................................................. 63
Herbicides ..................................................................................................... 68
Growth-Regulating Chemicals ....................................................................... 73
Vertebrate Management .............................................................................. 80
Pesticide Safety ............................................................................................. 86
EPA Registration Numbers of Various Materials ........................................... 87
Senior Editor: Jim Walgenbach, Extension Entomologist, N.C. State University
Section Editors:
Insect Management Jim Walgenbach
Cultural/Growth Regulators Mike Parker
Disease Management Sara Villani
Weed Management Wayne Mitchem
Vertebrate Management David Lockwood
Soils and Nutrition David Lockwood
Recommendations for the use of agricultural chemicals are included in this publication as a convenience to the reader. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of chemical products or services in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. Individuals who use agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current product before applying any chemical. For assistance, contact your local Extension Agent. CONTRIBUTORS
Ed Sikora
Plant Pathology
Donn Johnson
Elena Garcia
Curt Rom
Entomology Horticulture
Horticulture
Mike Hood
Guido Schnabel Bob Bellinger
Apiculture
Plant Pathology Safety
Keith Delaplane
Dan Horton
Phillip Brannen
Harold Scherm Paul Gulliebeau
Apiculture
Entomology
Plant Pathology
Plant Pathology Safety
David Tarpy
Jim Walgenbach Wayne Mitchem
Mike Parker
Sara Villani
Apiculture
Entomology Horticulture
Horticulture
Plant Pathology
John Skinner
Frank Hale
David Lockwood Darrell Hensley
Apiculture
Entomology
Horticulture Safety
Pest and Orchard Management Program
DORMANT
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Cultural Management
Younger trees should be pruned closer to bud break. Prune older and bearing trees first; prune 1- to 2-year-old nonbearing trees during the month before dormant bud break.
Control canopy density, size, and shape for better light and spray penetration.
Conduct annual dormant pruning in central leader trees and appropriate high- density orchards.
*****
Provide proper nutrition for moderate tree growth and good fruit quality.
Collect soil samples; establish and maintain a good lime and fertility program. Apply late winter fertilizer to young, nonbearing trees, and half rate to mature, bearing trees.
*****
See Fertility Management section (page 48) for complete sampling, fertilizer rates, and application methods. Apply full rate to young, nonbearing trees to promote good tree growth.
Increase lateral bud break and lateral shoot development on last year’s leader growth to encourage scaffold limb development.
Bag last year’s leader growth 3 to 4 weeks before anticipated dormant bud break.
*****
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for details.
Plant Growth Regulators
Control water sprout regrowth near pruning cuts and on tops of large scaffold limbs exposed to light by heavy dormant pruning.
Tre-Hold A-112
See comments.
Use 10,000 ppm (10 oz per gal) as a “sponge-on” application.
12
0
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for complete recommendation details. The need for this practice depends on heaviness of pruning, size of cuts, and potential growth vigor. Effectiveness depends on COMPLETE coverage.
Control burr knot formation.
Gallex
**
Paint directly from can, full strength, on burr knots.
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for recommendation details.
2 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
May also help reduce inoculum of fungi that cause Brooks spot, Alternaria blotch, and Glomerella leaf spot.
Reduce inoculum of apple scab fungus.
Shred leaves with flail mower and/or apply urea to fallen leaves in autumn or spring prior to green tip.
*****
20 lb
Reduce inoculum of black, white, and bitter rot fungi.
Prune out dead wood and mummied fruit.
*****
Pruning is extremely important to reduce the likelihood of these diseases. Don’t stockpile prunings near orchard. Remove and burn, or chip with a flail mower.
Reduce inoculum of fire blight bacteria.
Prune out cankers and old fire blight strikes.
****
Will also reduce inoculum of black rot, white rot, and bitter rot.
Reduce inoculum of powdery mildew fungus.
Prune out silver-colored terminal shoots.
***
Particularly useful on young trees of a susceptible cultivar.
Improve control of cedar apple and quince rusts.
Scout orchard, adjacent woods, or borders for red cedar, and remove.
*****
Complete removal of red cedar in areas where cedars are not common may eliminate need for fungicide sprays for these diseases.
Improve conditions for drying fruit and foliage, spray penetration.
Prune to open trees.
*****
Pruning is extremely important for good disease control inside the canopy and in the tops of large trees.
Weed Management
Apply nonselective postemergence herbicide alone (mid-March). When control from this breaks and summer weeds are 2-3 inches tall, apply a nonselective postemergence herbicide with a preemergence herbicide. This will likely be in early May, but may vary from year to year. Delaying PRE herbicide application results in residual control later in the summer.
Control seedling perennials and winter annuals.
Apply glyphosate or glyphosate + 2,4-D amine or paraquat or Rely to control emerged winter annuals.
*****
+++++
See product label.
See product label.
Reduce dandelions.
2,4-D amine
++++
1 qt
1 lb
48
60
Apply at least 2 weeks before bloom to control flowering weeds. Reduces competition with apple blossoms to enhance bee pollination. Control of flowering weeds will also help control tarnished plant bug.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row volume of 400 gal/acre.
3 SILVER TIP
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
Control fire blight.
Bactericides
copper hydroxide
copper oxychloride sulfate Bordeaux
++++
++++
++++
See label.
See label.
See label.
See label.
See label.
See label.
This treatment will help control fire blight in blocks of trees of a susceptible cultivar where fire blight has been a problem. It will not eliminate need for streptomycin at bloom. Applications later than 0.25- to 0.5-inch green tip may result in fruit russet. Most effective if applied dilute.
Control black rot.
Fungicides
Captan 50W or
4L or
80W or
80WDG
++++
++++
++++
++++
—
—
4 lb
2 qt
2.5 lb
2.5 lb
24
24
24
24
0
0
0
0
An important spray for black rot control in Georgia. Warning: Captan will cause injury when used with or too close to oil applications.
Control crown rot
(collar rot).
Fungicides
Ridomil Gold SL
++++
See label.
48
N/A
Ridomil and Aliette applications are recommended on cultivars propagated on susceptible rootstocks planted in heavy or poorly drained soils. Apply Ridomil in the spring before growth starts, and repeat application after harvest. Apply 3 to 5 applications of Aliette a year. Make first application of Aliette after leaf emergence. Note: Ridomil and Aliette must be applied on a preventive basis. Treatment of trees exhibiting symptoms will not prevent further symptom development.
Aliette 80WDG
+++
2.5 to 5 lb
12
14
Phosphite fungicides
(i.e. Prophyt, Phostrol,
Agri-Fos)
++++
See label.
Phosphite fungicides are registered for crown rot control and have activity similar to Aliette. See labels for use instructions and precautions.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
4 GREEN TIP TO ½-INCH GREEN
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount Per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
Control apple scab.
See discussion in Fungicides and Bactericides (page 59) for information on postinfection control program.
Fungicides
Syllit FL
+ mancozeb 75DF
or
+ Captan 80WDG
+++++
+++++
1.5 to 3 pt
3 lb
2.5 lb
48
24
24
7
77
0
Vangard 75WG
+++
5 oz
12
0
Vangard tends to be most active at cool temperatures.
Vangard 75WG
+ mancozeb 75DF
or
+ Polyram 80DF
++++
++++
3 to 5 oz
3 lb
3 lb
12
24
24
0
77
77
Scala SC
+++
7 to 10 oz
12
72
Scala SC is not compatible with Captan 50WP.
Scala SC
+ mancozeb 75DF
or
+ Polyram 80DF
++++
++++
5 oz
3 lb
3 lb
12
24
24
72
77
77
Captan 80WDG
++++
5 lb
24
0
Captec 4L
++++
0.75 to 1 qt
4 qt
24
0
Captan 50WP
++++
4 to 8 lb
24
0
Manzate ProStick
++++
3 to 6 lb
24
77, BL
Penncozeb 75DF
++++
3 to 6 lb
24
77, BL
Polyram 80DF
++++
3 to 6 lb
24
77, BL
Luna Tranquility
+ mancozeb 75DF
++++
+++++
11.2 to 16 fl oz
3 lb
12
24
72
77
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
5 GREEN TIP TO ½-INCH GREEN (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount Per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control scab (continued).
Fontelis SC
+++++
16 to 20 fl oz
12
28
Fontelis SC
+ mancozeb 75DF
+++++
+++++
16 to 20 fl oz
3 lb
12
24
28
77
Control fire blight.
Badge SC
++++
+++
3.5 to 7 pt
0.5 to 1.5 pt
48
See label.
Apply this rate between silver and green tip only.
Extended spray schedule; may harm fruit.
Badge X2
++++
+++
3.5 to 7 lb
0.5 to 1.5 lb
48
See label.
Apply this rate between silver and green tip only.
Extended spray schedule; may harm fruit.
Kocide 3000
++++
3.5 to 7 lb
48
See label.
Make application between silver and green tip; discontinue use at this rate at ½” green.
Cuprofix Ultra Disperss 40DF
++++
5 to 7.5 lb
48
See label.
Apply this rate between silver and green tip only.
Champ Formula 2F
++++
5.3 to 10.5 pt
48
See label.
Apply this rate between silver and green tip only.
Control Phytophthora rots.
Phostrol
+++++
0.6 pt
2 to 5 pt
4
0
Prophyt
+++++
2 to 4 pt
4
0
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
6 GREEN TIP TO ½-INCH GREEN (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1 Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount Per2
Re-entry Interval (hours)
Preharv. Interval (days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Insect Management
Use either a superior-type or highly refined summer oil applied dilute. If the oil application is delayed until tight cluster to pink, use a refined oil or reduce a superior type to ½ to 1 gal/100 gal. Do not use captan within 2 weeks of an oil application.
Control scales and reduce overwintering European red mite and rosy apple aphid eggs.
Insecticides
Oil
+++++
2 gal
2 to 3% solution
12
0
Improve scale control.
Oil +
Lorsban 4E
or
Esteem 35WP
or
Centaur 70WDG
++++
+++++
+++++
2 gal
½ to 1 pt
—
—
8 gal
2 to 4 pt
4 to 5 oz
9 to 12 oz
12
96
12
12
0
DD
45
14
An insecticide with oil may be added at this time in orchards experiencing problems with scales. This option is recommended in orchards that experienced scale problems the previous year. The window of control with Esteem or Centaur can be extended to first cover. NOTE: if using Esteem or Centaur, application can be made anytime between green tip and 1st Cover.
Initiate oriental fruit moth (OFM) monitoring program.
Erect pheromone traps.
*****
Erect pheromone traps by green tip to detect first emergence. See section on IPM Practices for Selected Pests (page 34) for monitoring information.
Mating disruption for OFM and codling moth.
Pheromones
Isomate CM/OFM TT
CheckMate Puffer - CM/OFM
+++++
++++
(number of dispensers)
200/acre
1/acre
Now is the time to begin erecting pheromone dispensers for mating disruption. Combination dispensers that contain both OFM and codling moth pheromone are recommended. Hanging of dispensers in trees should be complete by the end of bloom. See section on “Mating Disruption” in IPM Practices for Selected Pests (page 37).
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
7
7 TIGHT CLUSTER TO PINK
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
Control apple scab.
Fungicides
Captan 80WDG
Captan 50WP
Captec 4L
Manzate ProStick
Penncozeb 75DF
Polyram 80DF
Flint WG
Sovran WG
Indar 2F
Luna Tranquility
Luna Sensation
Merivon
Fontelis
Inspire Super
Aprovia
++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
0.75 to 1 qt
5 lb
4 to 8 lb
4 qt
3 to 6 lb
3 to 6 lb
3 to 6 lb
2 to 2.5 oz
3.2 to 6.4 oz
6 to 8 fl oz
11.2 to 16 fl oz
4 to 5.8 fl oz
4 to 5.5 fl oz
16 to 20 fl oz
12 fl oz
5.5 to 7 fl oz
24
24
24
24
24
24
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
0
0
0
77, BL
77, BL
77, BL
14
30
14
72
14
0
28
14
30
Combine Flint WG with a half rate of mancozeb or captan for resistance management.
For resistance management combine Fontelis with half rate of mancozeb. See label for Fontelis rates when applied with mancozeb.
Control powdery mildew.
Fungicides
Rally 40WSP
Procure 50WS
Indar 2F
Topguard 1.04SC
Luna Sensation 500SC
Luna Tranquility 4.16SC
Merivon 4.18SC
Fontelis 1.67SC
Flint 50WG
Sovran 50WDG
Aprovia
JMS Stylet Oil
Microthiol Disperss
+++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
++++
+++++
+++
++++
+++++
++++
+++
++++
1 to 2 gal
5 to 10 oz
4 to 8 oz
8 fl oz
8 to 12 fl oz
4 to 5.8 fl oz
11.2 to 16 fl oz
4 to 5.5 fl oz
14 to 20 fl oz
2 to 2.5 oz
4 to 6.4
5.5 to 7 fl oz
10 to 20 lb
24
12
12
12
12
12
12
24
12
12
12
4
24
14
14
14
14
14
72
0
28
14
30
30
0
See label.
Tight cluster to petal fall are the most important sprays for the control of powdery mildew.
Do not use EC or solvent-based products, crop oil concentrate, or methylated seed oil adjuvants with Merivon.
Applying Stylet Oil with or following an application of captan will cause severe phytotoxicity.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row volume of 400 gal/acre.
8 TIGHT CLUSTER TO PINK (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control cedar apple rust and quince rust.
Fungicides
Use a DMI (FRAC 3) fungicide used for powdery mildew or apple scab, or:
mancozeb 75DF
++++
3 lb
24
77
DMI fungicides have after-infection activity on rusts.
Mancozeb and Polyram do not control powdery mildew.
Control black rot and frogeye leafspot.
Captan 50WP
Captan 4L
Captan 80WDG
Thiophanate Methyl 85WDG
Topsin 4.5FL
Topsin M WSB
++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
0.5 to 1 qt
0.2 to 0.3 lb
3.8 to 5 fl oz
0.2 to ¼ lb
4 to 8 lb
3 to 4 qt 2.5 to 5 lb
0.6 to 0.8 lb
15 to 20 fl oz
¾ to 1 lb
24
24
24
48
48
48
0
0
0
1
1
1
Captan does not control powdery mildew or rust diseases.
Many populations of apple scab are resistant to T-Methyl and Topsin fungicides.
Insect Management
Erect traps now because moths begin to emerge near bloom. See section on IPM Practices for Selected Pests (page 34) for information on monitoring programs.
Initiate codling moth and leafroller monitoring program.
Erect pheromone traps.
*****
Control rosy apple aphid.
Insecticides
Actara 25WDG
Assail 30SG
Calypso 4F
Belay SC
Sivanto 200SL
Asana XL
Danitol 2.4EC
Permethrin 3.2EC
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
—
—
—
—
—
2 to 5.8 fl oz
2.6 to 4.3 oz
—
4.5 oz
2.5 to 4 oz
2 to 4 oz
6 fl oz
7 to 10 oz
4.8-14.5 fl oz
10.6-21.3 oz
4 to 10 fl oz
12
12
12
12
4
12
24
12
35
7
30
21
14
7
14
*
Pink stage is the best time to control rosy apple aphid. Caution: Rosy apple aphid resistance to pyrethroids has been observed in some orchards. See Rosy Apple Aphid resistance section (page 41). Pyrethroids can lead to flare-ups of mites, scales, and woolly apple aphids.
*Do not apply Permethrin after petal fall.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row volume of 400 gal/acre.
9 TIGHT CLUSTER TO PINK (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control plant bugs
and spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM).
Maintain clean ground-cover. Insecticides listed for rosy apple aphid will aid in plant bug and leafminer control if plant bugs are readily seen.
*****
In many instances, a clean groundcover eliminates the need for insecticides to control bugs. If there is a history of plant bug problems, a second application at petal fall will improve control. Insecticides specifically targeting STLM are rarely needed because biological control agents are highly effective.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row volume of 400 gal/acre.
10 BLOOM
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Cultural Management
Loosen bags on leaders to acclimate for 2 to 3 days; then remove bags from leaders and spray with Promalin or Perlan.
Leader bags must be removed when new lateral growth is 1 to 3 inches long.
*****
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for complete details.
Do leader selection and strip whorl on dormant headed tree leaders.
Select new shoot for central leader and remove competing shoots from first four nodes below new leader shoot.
Plant Growth Regulators
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73). Apply as a fine mist application at 40 to 50% of Tree Row Volume (TRV) water rate between early king bloom and early petal fall of the side blossoms. Split applications during this period can be more effective.
Improve fruit shape and increase fruit weight of Red and Golden Delicious and Gala.
(BA+GA 4 + 7)
Promalin
Perlan
+++
+++
0.5 to 1 pt
1 to 2 pt
4
4
None
Increase lateral bud break and lateral shoot growth on 1-year-old leader growth as a tool to encourage scaffold limb development, especially on those that were bagged before bud break. Use on nonbearing trees only.
Promalin
Perlan
+++++
+++++
125 to 500 ppm
(0.5 to 2 pt)/
10 gal
125 to 500 ppm
(0.5 to 2 pt)/
10 gal
4
4
None
Apply to last year’s leader growth at 1-3 inches of new terminal growth with a handheld nozzle. See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73).
Make one application when orchard trees have 1 to 3 inches of new growth or when the leader has reached the height where branching is required.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
11 BLOOM (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
To increase fruit set after a frost.
Promalin
Perlan
++
++
16-32 fl. oz
16-32 fl. oz
Apply within 24 hours after a frost that occurs when most of the crop is between early bloom and full bloom. Apply in 75 to 150 gallons of water per acre. Do not apply to frozen foliage, blossoms, or developing fruit. Allow trees to completely thaw prior to application. Do not use a surfactant.
Disease Management
Control apple scab, rusts, powdery mildew, and black rot.
Fungicides
Same fungicides as for tight cluster.
Avoid sprays in full bloom if possible. Do not overextend application intervals.
Control fire blight.
Bactericides
Streptomycin
(i.e. Agri-mycin, Firewall, Streptrol)
Kasumin 2L
Mycoshield 17WP
Fireline
Actigard
+ streptomycin
or
+ oxytetracyline
Bloomtime Biological
Cueva
Double Nickel LC
+ Cueva
Serenade Optimum
MasterCop
Badge SC
Badge X2
+++++
+++++
++++
++++
+++++
++++
++
+++
+++
++
+++
+++
+++
64 fl oz
1 lb
12 oz
0.125 to 0.8 oz
0.75 to 1 lb
24 oz
-
-
-
0.5 to 3.2 oz
24 oz
0.33 lb
2 to 3 qt
1 to 2 qt
2 to 3 qt
14 to 20 oz
0.5 to 1.5 qt
0.5 to 1.5 pt
0.5 to 1.5 lb
12
12
12
12
12
4
4
4
4
48
48
48
50
90
60
60
60
See label.
0
0
0
See label.
See label.
See label.
Begin application at first bloom and continue at 3- to 4-day intervals until petal fall. It is very important to continue spraying through late “rat-tail” bloom, especially on susceptible varieties. See discussion under Pesticide Resistance Management section (page 40) for timing sprays according to conditions favorable for infection.
Bloomtime Biological is not compatible with coppers. Approved for organic production.
Cueva may result in phytotoxicity to fruit and leaves. If concerned, use lower rate. OMRI approved.
Serenade Optimum is approved for organic production.
Badge X2 is OMRI approved.
Insect Management
Keep orchard floor free of flowering weeds. This will increase pollination in the trees and lessen bee activity after apple bloom.
Protect pollinators.
12 PETAL FALL
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Cultural Management
If boron is low in leaf sample or cork spot has been a problem in past years, a second and third application may be used. Dilute applications are necessary for good uptake. See Fertility Management section (page 48).
Reduce fruit corking.
Solubor
or
Borosol
+++
+++
1 lb
at first cover
1 pt
Reduce fruit corking and bitter pit.
calcium chloride
+++
2 lb
beginning at first cover
Repeat calcium sprays in each cover spray all season. Do not apply calcium chloride when temperatures are above 85°F, and DO NOT tank mix with Solubor or Apogee. All calcium sprays should be applied dilute for maximum response, especially for bitter pit control in late season cover sprays when fruit are becoming waxy. See Fertility Management section (page 48).
Plant Growth Regulators
Reduce fruit russeting on susceptible cultivars (esp. Golden Delicious).
(GA4+7)
ProVide 10SG
Novagib 10L
++++
++++
2.1 to 3.5 oz
(60 to 100 g)
20 to 33 fl. oz
4
4
None
At petal fall, begin the first of 2 to 4 applications at 7- to 10-day intervals. See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for complete recommendations.
Thin fruit to reduce crop load and encourage return bloom.
Depends on cultivar, fruit size, and thinning chemical. Applications from petal fall to about 8 mm would be applied during this time.
+++++
See thinning chart on page 76.
Check label for specific thinning chemical(s) to be used.
See Chemical Fruit Thinning Spray and Apple Thinning recommendations chart in Growth-Regulating Chemicals section.
Initiate vegetative growth control applications.
Suppress shoot blight.
Prohexadione Calcium
(Apogee or Kudos)
++++
Use at TRV calculated a.i./acre.
9 to 24 fl. oz
12
45
See prohexadione calcium table in Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 78).
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
13 PETAL FALL (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
Control apple scab.
Fungicides
Same fungicides as recommended for tight cluster/pink and bloom stages.
Plant tissue during early shoot growth can be very sensitive to injury by captan. Be careful with tank mixtures containing captan and adjuvants.
Control black rot and white rot.
Fungicides
Captan 50 WP
Captec 4L
Captan 80WDG
Sovran 50WG
Flint 50WG
Thiophanate Methyl 85WDG
Topsin 4.5FL
Topsin M WSB
++++
++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
1 qt
0.2 to 0.3 lb
3.75 to 5 fl oz
0.2 to 0.25 lb
8 lb
4 qt
5 lb
4 to 6.4 oz
1.5 to 2.5 oz
0.6 to 0.8 lb
15 to 20 fl oz
¾ to 1 lb
24
24
24
12
12
48
48
48
0
0
0
30
14
1
1
1
Control Colletotrichum pathogens: Glomerella leaf spot/Bitter rot.
Fungicides
Captan 50 WP
Captec 4L
Captan 80WDG
Ziram 76 DF
++++
++++
++++
++++
1 qt
8 lb
4 qt
5 lb
6 lb
24
24
24
48
0
0
0
14
Mancozeb is not specifically labeled for Colletotrichum pathogens in apple. If applying mancozeb for control of apple scab, use a half rate of captan and a half rate of mancozeb.
ProPhyt
+ Captan 80 WDG
or
+ Ziram 76 DF
+++++
1.5 lb
4 pt
3.75 lb
6 lb
4
24
48
0
0
14
ProPhyt can also be applied in tank mixture with mancozeb (3 lb rate) if mancozeb is applied for protection against apple scab and cedar apple rust.
Sovran 50WG
++++
4 to 6.4 oz
12
30
Sovran and Flint will also control apple scab and powdery mildew.
Flint 50WG
+++++
2.5 to 3 oz
12
14
Pristine 38W
+++++
14.5 to 18 oz
12
0
Merivon 4.18SC
+++++
4 to 5.5 fl oz
12
0
Omega 500F
++++
13.8 fl oz
12
28
14 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control Brooks fruit spot.
Fungicides
Use protectant fungicides (captan, mancozeb, Ziram) or benzimidazole fungicides (i.e. benzimidazoles) listed above for summer rots.
*****
Petal fall through third cover sprays are the most important sprays for Brooks spot control. Generally, the EBI and QoI fungicides may have limited Brooks spot activity. If one of them is used, combine it with a full rate of protectant.
Control powdery mildew and cedar apple rust.
Fungicides
See tight cluster to pink spray.
If captan alone is used in this application, fungicides with strong activity on powdery mildew and cedar apple rust should be included in this application.
Insect Management
*When choosing an insecticide at petal fall or any other time, choose one that provides control of the spectrum of insects present at the time of application.
Preventive control of mites is not recommended unless insecticides known to flare mites are anticipated to be used.
An application of Agri-Mek at petal fall to first cover should provide season-long suppression of these pests. A paraffinic spray oil (0.25% or 1 gal/acre) must be tank mixed to ensure Agri-Mek’s activity. Do not use captan 2 weeks before or after applying oil with Agri-Mek.
Preventively control European red mite, spotted tentiform leafminer, and white apple leafhopper.
Insecticides
Agri-Mek 0.15EC
+
oil
+++++
2.5 oz
10 oz
12
28
Preventive control of European red mite.
Apollo SC
Savey 50WP
Zeal 72WDG
Envidor 2SC
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
—
—
—
—
4 oz
3 oz
2 to 3 oz
16 to 18 oz
12
12
12
12
45
28
28
7
Apply one of these products between petal fall and third cover or when mites reach one adult per leaf. See page 41 for resistance management of European red mite.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
15 PETAL FALL (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control plum curculio.
Insecticides
Avaunt 30WG
Actara 25SDG
Imidan 70WP
Belay SC
Sevin 50WP
+++++
+++++
++++
++++
+++
—
—
¾ lb
—
½ lb
5 to 6 oz
4.5 oz
3 lb
6 oz
1 lb
12
12
24
12
12
28
35
7
7
3
Adults begin to enter orchards during bloom, with most, but not all, adults present by late petal fall. An insecticide applied at petal fall is important to minimize damage. Cool weather during this period, or historically large populations, may extend adult activity, which may require a second application 10 days later.
Control oriental fruit moth.
Insecticides
Imidan 70WP
Avaunt 30WG
Sevin 50WP
Assail 30SG
Mating Disruption
Isomate OFM-TT
CheckMate OFM-F
+++++
+++++
+++
+++++
+++++
+++++
¾ lb
—
½ lb
—
3 lb
5 to 6 oz
2 lb
5 to 8 oz
50-100 disp.
1 to 2 fl oz
24
12
12
12
0
0
7
28
3
7
0
0
An insecticide applied between 500 and 600 degree days (DD) after biofix will control the first generation. First generation OFM is controlled with a single application of an insecticide at petal fall.
In those orchards not using mating disruption (e.g., Isomate TT or Puffers), CheckMate OFM-F, a sprayable formulation, should be considered in early to mid August for control of late-season OFM. A second application in early September may be necessary for later-maturing varieties.
Control San Jose scale.
Insecticides
Diazinon 50WP
Esteem 0.86EC
Centaur 70WP
Movento 2SC
Assail 30SG
summer oil
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++
+++
1 lb
—
—
—
—
—
4 lb
4 oz
34.5 oz
6 to 9 oz
8 oz
1 to 2%
96
12
12
24
12
12
21
45
14
7
7
0
Where scales have been a problem the previous year, apply an insecticide for first generation crawlers, which are active from petal fall through third cover. Yellow crawlers can be detected by wrapping double-stick tape around infested limbs after bloom and inspecting weekly. Caution: Diazinon or oil applied with captan or Captec may cause phytotoxicity.
Control rosy apple aphid.
Insecticides
Admire 4.6SC
Actara 25WP
Assail 30SG
Sivanto 200SL
Movento 2SC
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
++++
—
—
—
—
—
2.8 oz
4.5 oz
2.5 to 4.0 oz
7 to 10 oz
6 to 9 oz
12
12
12
4
24
7
35
7
14
7
If an insecticide was not applied for rosy apple aphid at pink, or if control was poor, an insecticide should be applied. An adjuvant must be applied with Movento.
See Rosy Apple Aphid resistance section (page 41).
16 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control white apple leafhopper.
Insecticides
Sevin 50WP
Actara 25WDG
Admire 4.6SC
Assail 30SG
Avaunt 30WG
Sivanto 200SL
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
½ lb
—
—
—
—
—
2 lb
2 to 2¾ oz
2.8 oz
2.5 to 4 oz
5 to 6 oz
7 to 10 oz
12
12
12
12
12
4
1
35
7
7
28
14
Threshold level for first generation white apple leafhopper is 1 nymph per leaf. Thinning apples with Sevin during this time controls leafhoppers. Leafhoppers may be present from petal fall to second cover spray.
Control spotted tentiform leafminer.
Insecticides
Actara 25WDG
Delegate WG
Provado 1.6F
Assail 30SG
++++
+++++
++++
++++
—
—
1 to 2 oz
—
4.5 oz
4.5 oz
4 to 8 oz
1.1 oz
12
4
12
12
35
7
7
7
Threshold level for first generation leafminer is one mine per leaf. The need for leafminer control is rare, as biological control is highly effective.
Control green fruitworm.
Insecticides
Intrepid 2F
+++++
—
6 to 8 fl oz
4
14
Scout trees for feeding damage on shoots and new apples. An application of Intrepid at early petal fall will help to minimize damage to fruit. Intrepid is highly safe to bees and can be sprayed during bloom.
Weed Management
Control weeds.
Check orchards for weed populations.
*****
Identify weed problems so herbicide program can be adjusted for summer weed control.
Apply PRE + Nonselective POST herbicide.
See herbicide guide.
*****
See product labels.
See product labels.
Apply when summer weeds are 2 to 3 inches tall. Delaying application of preemergence herbicides until early May extends summer weed control.
Suppress clover bloom to protect bees from insecticide sprays.
2,4-D
*****
1 qt
48
60
Apply 2,4-D 7 to 10 days before spraying insecticides to suppress clover and avoid killing bees.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
17 FIRST COVER
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
If primary apple scab is controlled early, continue to protect with captan. Products used for summer disease control, with the exception of benzimidazoles (due to resistance concerns) should also generally be effective against apple scab. DMI fungicides will provide post-infection activity as well.
Control apple scab.
Fungicides
Scout for secondary apple scab. See comments.
*****
Control blister spot.
Fungicides
Aliette WDG
Phostrol
++++
++++
0.5 to 1 gal
2.5 to 5 pt
12
4
14
0
Fruit are most susceptible to blister spot 2 to 8 weeks following petal fall.
Control flyspeck/sooty blotch.
Fungicides
Captan 50WP
Captec 4L
Captan 80WDG
Sovran 50WG
Flint 50WG
Thiophanate Methyl 85WDG
Topsin 4.5FL
Topsin M WSB
Ziram 76 DF
Inspire Super
Indar 2F
Aprovia
Luna Sensation
Merivon
Pristine 38WDG
Cueva
Double Nickel LC
+ Cueva
++++
++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
++++
+++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++
+++
0.5 to 1 qt
1 to 1.6 oz
0.15 to 0.2 lb
3.75 to 5 fl oz
0.2 to 0.25 lb
4 to 8 lb
2 to 4 qt
2.5 to 5 lb
4 to 6.4 oz
1.5 to 2.5 oz
0.6 to 0.8 lb
15 to 20 fl oz
¾ to 1 lb
6 lb
12 fl oz
6 to 8 fl oz
5.5 to 7 fl oz
4 to 5.8 fl oz
4 to 5.5 fl oz
14.5 to 18.5 oz
2 to 3 qt
1 to 2 qt
2 to 3 qt
24
24
24
12
12
48
48
48
48
12
12
12
12
12
12
4
4
0
0
0
30
14
1
1
1
12
14
14
30
14
0
0
0
0
For resistance management, it is recommended that single site fungicides be applied in tank mixture with a protectant fungicide such as captan.
Cueva may result in phytotoxicity to some apple cultivars.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
18 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control fire blight.
Apogee
Firewall 17WP
or other strepto-mycin products
Cueva
or other low MCE product
+++++
+++++
+++
4.5 to 9 fl oz
24 oz
2 qt
12
12
4
45
50
0
Apply Apogee when shoots are 1 to 3 inches long and 14 to 21 days after initial application.
Application of streptomycin regularly during summer cover applications is believed to hasten development of resistance.
Cueva may cause phytotoxicity, particularly on sensitive cultivars.
Control Alternaria leaf blotch, black rot, white rot.
Refer to fungicides used for Petal Fall application.
Control Colletotrichum pathogens: Glomerella leaf spot/Bitter rot.
Refer to fungicides used for Petal Fall application.
Control powdery mildew.
Refer to fungicides used for Petal Fall application.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
19 FIRST COVER (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Insect Management
Control codling moth.
Monitor codling moth adult activity.
Insecticides
Delegate 25WP
Altacor 35WDG
Exirel 0.83SE
Voliam Flexi
Belt 4SC
Intrepid 2F
Rimon 0.83EC
Imidan 50WP
Assail 30SG
CYD-X
*****
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
+++
++++
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
¾ lb
—
—
4.5 to 7 oz
2.5 to 4.5 oz
8.5 to 17 oz
4 to 7 oz
3 to 5 fl oz
10 to 16 oz
20 to 40 oz
3 lb
4 to 8 oz
1 to 3 oz
4
4
12
12
12
4
12
24
12
4
7
5
3
35
14
14
14
7
7
0
See IPM Practices for codling moth (page 34) to determine how to minimize insecticide applications for codling moth control.
Voliam Flexi (which is a mixture) is recommended only at first cover when late emerging plum curculio is a concern, and a minimum of 6.0 oz should be used.
CYD-X is a virus that controls only codling moth. Frequent applications (7 to 10 days) at low rates (1 to 2 oz per acre) have worked well in field trials.
Codling moth insecticide-resistant populations exist in some orchards and can affect the performance of certain products.
Control rosy apple aphid, plum curculio, white apple leafhopper, spotted tentiform leafminer, and San Jose scale.
Monitor orchards for these insects.
Insecticides
(See Petal Fall section,
page 13)
*****
Infestations of these insects may occur anytime from petal fall to the second cover spray. Early detection is important for effective control.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
19
20 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Cultural Management
See information listed in Petal Fall to First Cover sections (pages 13 through 17) and Fertility Management section (page 48).
Reduce fruit corking and bitter pit.
calcium nitrate
calcium chloride
+++
+++
3 lb
2 lb
Provide proper nutrition for moderate tree growth and good fruit quality.
Apply second half of fertilizer to mature, bearing trees if crop load is present, as soon as frost/freeze danger is past (approximately second cover).
++++
See Fertility Management Recommendations section (page 48) for fertilizer use suggestions and complete recommendations.
Collect leaf samples in July to mid-August for leaf analysis.
+++++
See Fertility Management Recommendations section (page 48) for complete details.
Achieve proper tree training, and control tree size and density for good light and spray penetration.
Select lateral limbs, strip whorls, establish wide crotch angles with toothpicks or clothespins, and prop limbs to good limb angles (60-90° for central leader trees and 75-85° below vertical for high density, slender, spindle-type trees).
++++
Tree training is mandatory to develop proper lateral branching and limb position.
Do detailed young tree management (deshoot, position limbs, tie up leader) every 6 to 8 weeks until full tree size and bearing are achieved (especially for high density orchards).
++++
Summer pruning is a necessary extension of tree training begun earlier. Summer pruning helps contain tree size and density, and proper limb selection and positioning encourage flower initiation.
Remove water sprouts.
++++
Removing upright water sprout growth reduces canopy density, allowing greater spray penetration and better light distribution for fruit quality and color development. Summer pruning and removal of water sprouts also help control sooty blotch and flyspeck.
Do leader manipulation, such as summer bending or snaking, every 18 inches of terminal growth extension.
++
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row volume of 400 gal/acre.
21 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness(+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Plant Growth Regulators
Thin to reduce crop load and encourage return bloom.
Depends on cultivar, fruit size, and thinning chemical selected. Application time from approximately 9 mm and larger would be applied from second cover on.
+++++
See thinning chart on page 76.
See Chemical Fruit Thinning Sprays (page 73) and Apple Thinning Recommendations chart (page 76) in Growth-Regulating Chemicals section.
Enhance return bloom.
Fruitone L or PoMaxa
Ethrel
+++
+++
2-8 fl. oz
16 to 72
fl. oz
48
48
2
7
Studies in the Southeast have found that NAA or Ethrel treatments can improve return bloom. Ethrel rate depends on many factors, including cultivar and crop load. Refer to table on page 75.
Control ground suckers around base of trunk.
Tre-Hold A-112 Sprout Inhibitor. Also use herbicides approved for sucker control. See notes in Herbicide section (page 70-71) for Rely, Gramoxone.
++++
Use 10,000 ppm (10 oz/1 gal) as a low- pressure, large-droplet handgun application.
12
0
See Sucker Control (page 78) for specific recommendation details.
Delay preharvest fruit drop and delay fruit maturity.
ReTain
++++
Not more than one 333 g pouch
(50 g a.i.)
per acre
12
7
Single Pick Harvest. Applying one pouch of ReTain per acre 3 to 4 weeks prior to the anticipated beginning of the normal harvest period of untreated fruit will delay the harvest period by 7 to 10 days. Timing of ReTain application is critical. Apply ReTain closer to harvest in hot years. Use a 100% organosilicone adjuvant at a final concentration of 0.05 to 0.1% (v/v) in the spray tank for optimal response. Reduce the amount of a.i. per acre to 25 g on sensitive varieties such as Gala. Consult the label. Multiple Pick Harvest. Applying one pouch of ReTain per acre 1 to 2 weeks prior to the anticipated beginning of the normal harvest period of untreated fruit will improve quality and storage potential of later picked apples (2nd and 3rd pick fruit). Applications at this time will not typically delay the start of the harvest, but will help control the maturation rate of the later harvests.
22 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Delay or reduce preharvest fruit drop or both.
Preload NAA
(Fruitone-L or PoMaxa)
+++
2 oz
48
2
Make multiple applications of 5 ppm each week for the 4-week period prior to the normal start of the harvest period for each variety.
NAA
(Fruitone L or PoMaxa)
+++
8 to 32 fl. oz
48
2
Temporarily suppress any fruit drop by applying 10 to 20 ppm (depending on variety) of NAA. A second application can be applied 7 to 10 days later. See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for details.
ReTain plus NAA
(Fruitone L or PoMaxa)
+++++
One 333 g pouch of ReTain plus 8 to 16 fl. oz Fruitone L or PoMaxa per 100 gal per acre
12
7
Apply the ReTain plus Fruitone L or ReTain plus ProMaxa combination (plus adjuvant) as a tank-mix 2 weeks prior to the start of the normal harvest. This combination can provide improved fruit drop control and firmness retention compared to ReTain or NAA alone.
Reduce fruit russeting in susceptible varieties.
ProVide 10SG
Novagib 10L
(continue applications started at petal fall)
++++
++++
2.1 - 3.5 fl. oz
(60 to 100 g)
20 oz per acre/appl.
4
4
0
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for recommendation details.
Reduce fruit cracking of susceptible varieties (e.g., Stayman).
Pro-Vide 10SG
+++
3.5 - 7.0 fl. oz
(100 - 200 g)
4
0
Make the first application at least 2 to 3 weeks before fruit cracking is likely to be observed in the orchard. Repeat at 14 to 21 day intervals until harvest. See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for details. Do not apply to trees that received ProVide applications for russet suppression.
Novagib 10L
+++
2 to 4 pt per acre/appl.
4
Promote lateral branching of current season’s growth.
Promalin
+++
0.8 oz/gal of
water (125 ppm)
12
None
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for recommendation details.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
23 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Disease Management
Control summer diseases (white rot, black rot, sooty blotch, flyspeck, black pox).
Scout orchard.
Prune out fire blight strikes.
*****
*****
Apply cover sprays at 10- to 14-day intervals. Use a 7- to 10-day interval during wet, rainy periods. If thiophanate-methyl or a phosphite fungicide is not used in cover sprays, it is important to combine captan with sufficient ziram to increase fungicide rate to 8 to 10 lb/acre in order to control sooty blotch and flyspeck. Be sure to observe 77-day preharvest interval when using metiram or mancozeb. Use captan where there is a history of white rot.
Fungicides
Captan 50W
Captan 4L
Captan 80WDG
++++
++++
++++
1 qt
8 lb
4 qt
5 lb
24
24
24
0
0
0
Ziram 76DF
++++
6 lb
48
14
Sovran 50WG
++++
4 to 6.4 oz
12
30
A maximum of four applications and 25.6 oz of Sovran 50WG can be used per acre per season. It is weak on black pox.
Flint 50WG
+++++
1.5 to 2.5 oz
12
14
A maximum of four applications and 11 oz of Flint 50WG can be used per acre per season. For optimal control of white rot, tank mix with captan. Flint is weak on black pox.
Pristine 38W
+++++
14.5 to 18 oz
12
0
A maximum of four applications and 72 oz of Pristine can be used per acre per season. It is weak on black pox.
Thiophanate Methyl 85WDG
Topsin 4.5FL
Topsin M WSB
+++++
+++++
+++++
0.6 to 0.8 lb
15 to 20 fl oz
¾ to 1 lb
48
48
48
1
1
1
captan
50W or
4L or
80 WDG
+
mancozeb 75DF
+++++
3 lb
24
77
24
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control summer diseases (continued).
Captan 80WDG
+
ProPhyt3
++++
3.75 to 5 lb
4 pt
24
4
0
0
Inspire Super 2.82EW
Rotated with:
Captan 80WDG
+
ProPhyt3
+++++
12 fl oz
3.75 to 5 lb
4 pt
12
24
12
14
0
0
This combination has provided good summer disease control. It is not especially effective on black pox, so if you use this program and have a history of black pox, begin the cover sprays with an EBDC+captan combination, or captan+thiophanate methyl, then switch to this program at 3rd cover. Do not make more than 5 applications (60 oz) of Inspire Super per year.
Aprovia
+++++
5.5 to 7 fl oz
12
30
Luna Sensation
++++
4 to 5.8 fl oz
12
14
Apply Luna Sensation in tank mixture with captan for optimal control of white rot.
Merivon
+++++
4 to 5.5 fl oz
12
0
Control Colletotrichum pathogens: Glomerella leaf spot/rot/Bitter rot.
Refer to fungicides used for Petal Fall and 1st cover applications.
Suppress necrotic leaf blotch on Golden Delicious.
ziram 76DF
zinc oxide 39.8%
+++++
+++++
6 lb
1 pt
48
0
14
0
Sprays from mid-June through early August are most important.
Control powdery mildew.
Scout orchard.
*****
Need for additional fungicides is based on the number of infections on newly unfolded leaves and continued growth pressure. See recommendations for petal fall if powdery mildew is present.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
3Other phosphite fungicides are also labeled on apples. See the discussion of phosphite fungicides in the Fungicides and Bactericides section (p. 55).
25 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control Alternaria blotch.
Pristine 38W
+++++
14.5 to 18.5 oz
12
0
Make first application of Pristine around third or fourth cover (mid-June). Apply two additional applications at 10- to 14-day intervals. These applications will also control other summer diseases on Delicious. Rotations of Pristine and captan plus a phosphite fungicide are also effective and will help limit QoI fungicide use since only 4 applications are allowed by the label. Use in conjunction with a preventive mite management program. Do not make more than 4 applications or apply more than 72 oz of Pristine per season.
Control blister spot.
Fungicides
Aliette WDG
Phostrol
++++
++++
0.5 to 1 gal
2.5 to 5 pt
12
4
14
0
Fruit are most susceptible to blister spot 2 to 8 weeks following petal fall.
Insect Management
*****
See IPM practices for codling moth (page 34) and oriental fruit moth (page 36) to determine the need for and timing of insecticide sprays. Keep trap bottoms clean, and replace lures at recommended intervals.
The need for insecticides against codling moth should be based on pheromone trap captures and the degree-day model.
In orchards where mating disruption for codling moth and OFM is not being used, late season (late July and August) sprays of CheckMate OFM-F or application of Isomate OFM-TT is recommended for late season control of OFM. OFM populations often increase during August and September in apples.
Control codling moth and oriental fruit moth.
Monitor pheromone traps weekly for adult activity.
*****
Insecticides
(See First Cover.)
*****
OFM Mating Disruption
Isomate OFM-TT
CheckMate OFM-F
+++++
+++++
50-100 disp.
1 to 2 oz
26 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control tufted apple bud moth.
Monitor pheromone traps weekly for adult activity.
Thin fruit to avoid excessive clustering.
*****
****
See IPM Practices for tufted apple bud moth (page 36) to determine the proper timing of insecticide applications.
Clustering of fruit is conducive to higher levels of tufted apple bud moth injury.
Insecticides
Intrepid
Delegate 25WG
Altacor 35WDG
Exirel 0.83SE
Belt 4SC
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
—
—
—
—
—
6 to 10 oz
4.5 to 7 oz
2.5 to 4.5 oz
8.5 to 17 oz
3 to 5 fl oz
4
4
4
12
12
14
7
5
3
14
Insecticide sprays for TABM are recommended only in orchards with a history of damage. See section on IPM practices for TABM (page 36) to properly time sprays. This spray often overlaps with the need for sprays of late-emerging codling moth.
Bacillus thuringiensis
Dipel 2X
CryMax
XenTari
+++
1 to 2 lb
1 to 2 lb
1 to 2 lb
4
4
4
0
0
0
For best results apply Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) products at no less than 2X concentration. If using Bts, it is important to monitor codling moth with pheromone traps because Bts do not control CM.
Control apple maggot.
Erect red sticky spheres in early June to monitor adults.
****
Erect sticky traps baited with fruit essence lures on outside rows nearest abandoned orchards or other sources of flies. Check weekly. Threshold level is a cumulative of 5 flies per trap. If the threshold is exceeded again 2 weeks after spraying, apply again. Adults can emerge from June through September. Historically, peak emergence generally occurs from mid-July to early August.
Insecticides
Imidan 70WP
Admire 4.6SC
Assail 30SG
Surround WP
++++
++++
+++
+++
¾ lb
—
—
—
3 lb
2.8 oz
8 oz
20 to 50 lb
24
12
12
4
7
7
7
—
Apply Surround at 7- to 14-day intervals, or after a heavy rain, because thorough, uniform, and consistent coverage is important. Rate of Surround will vary with tree size.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
27 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control white apple leafhopper or potato leafhopper.
Insecticides
Actara 25WDG
Admire 4.6SC
Assail 30SG
Sivanto 200SL
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
—
—
—
—
2 to 2¾ oz
2.8 oz
2.5 to 4 oz
7 to 10 oz
12
12
12
4
14
7
7
14
Threshold level for second brood white apple leafhopper nymphs (which occur in late July to early August) is one nymph per leaf. Treatment will eliminate the need to treat for adults immediately before harvest. Generally, low rates of insecticides will control leafhoppers.
Control brown stink bugs, including brown marmorated stink bug.
Insecticides
Actara 25 WDG
Belay SC
Danitol 2.4EC
Warrior 2.08CS
Endigo ZC
Leverage 2.7SE
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
4.5 to 5.5 oz
6 to 12 fl oz
16 to 21 fl oz
1.3 to 2.8 fl oz
5 to 6 fl oz
3.6 to 4.4 fl oz
12
12
24
24
24
12
35
7
14
21
35
7
Brown marmorated stink bug is established throughout apple production areas in NC, SC, and TN. It is in the early stages of infesting northeast GA. Expect infestations to be most common from August through mid-September.
*Check with local extension service for Section 18 labels that may be approved for BMSB.
Control spotted tentiform leafminer.
Insecticides
Delegate WG
Intrepid 2F
+++++
+++++
—
—
4.5 to 7 oz
8 to 12 fl oz
4
12
7
14
Leafminer infestations have become a rare occurrence in the past decade. A threshold level of two mines per leaf for second generation larvae (June to July), or 4 mines per leaf for third generation (August), should be used to dictate the need for STLM control.
Control green apple and spirea aphids.
Insecticides
Admire 4.6SC
Actara 25WDG
Assail 30SG
Belay
Sivanto 200SL
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
—
—
—
—
—
2.8 oz
4.5 oz
2.5 to 4.0 oz
4 to 6 fl oz
7 to 10 oz
12
12
12
12
4
7
35
7
7
14
Threshold level for green apple aphid is 50% infested terminals. Control is most important on young trees and in dwarf plantings. On mature trees, a higher threshold is tolerable. Biological control can often preclude the need for chemical control.
Control Comstock mealybug.
Insecticides
Diazinon 50WP
Actara 25WDG
Assail 30SG
Movento 2SC
+++++
+++
+++++
+++
1 lb
—
—
—
4 lb
4.5 oz
4 to 8 oz
6 to 9 fl oz
96
12
12
24
21
35
7
7
Applications should be made near the second or third cover spray. Comstock mealybug is an unpredictable pest, and orchards with a history of problems are most susceptible.
28 Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
interval
(hours)
Preharv.
interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control woolly apple aphid.
Insecticides
Diazinon 50WP
Movento 2SC
+++++
+++
1 lb
—
4 lb
6 to 9 fl oz
24
12
21
7
Woolly apple aphid control can be difficult if insecticides are applied after populations reach large densities. Use a threshold of 10% infested shoots. Movento should be applied preventively in early July for best control. Also, an adjuvant must be used with Movento.
Control redbanded leafroller.
Insecticides
See insecticides for tufted apple bud moth.
Redbanded leafroller is a sporadic problem. If damage is done, it is usually by the last generation, which lays eggs from mid August to mid September.
Control lesser apple worm.
Insecticides
See insecticides for codling moth.
Lesser apple worm is a sporadic pest of importance in isolated areas. If damage occurs, it is usually by the third generation, which occurs in August.
Control dogwood borer.
Insecticides
Lorsban 50W
Lorsban 4E
++++
+++++
3 lb
1.5 qt
—
—
96
96
28
28
Apply insecticides with a handgun sprayer to the trunk, especially to burr knots and graft unions. Moths can lay eggs from mid-May through September, so treatment before July is optimal. Lorsban should be applied with a handgun sprayer from no more than 4 ft or with a shielded sprayer to prevent drift onto foliage or fruit.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
29 SECOND COVER AND LATER SPRAYS (continued)
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Control European red mite and twospotted spider mite.
Monitor trees for mite activity.
*****
See IPM practices for European red mite (page 35). European red mite and twospotted spider mite threshold levels before July are 7 mites per leaf (85% infested leaves) and 10 mites per leaf (90% infested leaves) during July and August. If populations are near threshold level, check for predatory mites in 3 to 4 days to determine if biological control reduces mite populations. In orchards with Alternaria blotch, a threshold of 1 mite per leaf (50% infested leaves) should be used to minimize stress to trees.
Miticides
Acramite 50WS
Nexter 75WP
Portal 0.4EC
Apollo SC
Savey 50DF
Zeal 72WDG
Envidor 2SC
Kanemite 15SC
Nealta 1.67SC
wettable sulfur
summer oil
+++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+
++
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— —
1½ to 3½ lb
½ to 1 gal
¾ to 1 lb
4.4 oz
1 to 2 pt
4 oz
3 oz
2 to 3 oz
16 to 18 oz
21 to 21 fl oz
13.7 oz
5 to 15 lb
½ to 1% soln.
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
7
25
14
45
28
28
14
14
7
7
0
If Apollo or Savey was used at petal fall, do not reapply at this time. Do not expect complete control with a single application of oil or sulfur. These materials must be applied multiple times for best results. Applying a highly refined summer oil when mite populations are beginning to increase (first and second covers) will help suppress European red mite infestations. Do not apply captan 2 weeks before or after an oil spray.
Weed Management
Spot-treat with herbicide to control difficult-to-manage perennial weeds.
glyphosate
*****
++++
See Weed Response to Herbicide table
(pages 56 to 58).
4
1
Apple trees are especially sensitive to glyphosate applied in late summer and fall. Avoid contacting tree bark and especially foliage.
Bermuda grass control.
Poast
*****
++++
1.5 pt followed by
1 pt
12
14
Apply when Bermuda grass has 4 to 6 inches of new growth in spring. Follow with a second application when Bermuda grass has 4 inches of regrowth.
30 POSTHARVEST
Goals
Options
Relative1
Effectiveness (+)
or
Importance (*)
Amount per2
Re-entry
Interval
(hours)
Preharv.
Interval
(days)
Comments
100 gal
Acre
Plant Growth Regulators
Control fruit storage scald.
DPA
++++
2½ pt per one gal of water as a dip or spray to harvested fruit.
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for complete details.
To maintain apple flesh firmness, fruit acidity and minimize scald.
SmartFresh
++++
See Growth-Regulating Chemicals section (page 73) for complete details.
Weed Management
In areas where heavy populations of winter annual weeds are present, apply herbicide as part of vole management program. Application of a fall preemergence herbicide will delay the spring herbicide application to early May or later.
Apply POST or PRE+POST herbicide.
See herbicide guide.
***
See herbicide guide.
See product labels.
1Effectiveness ratings range from + = poor control to +++++ = excellent control. Importance ratings range from * = minor importance to ***** = very important.
2Rates expressed as amount per 100 gal for dilute and amount per acre are for concentrate applications based on a tree-row-volume of 400 gal/acre.
31 32
Tree Row Volume (TRV):
A Model for Determining Spray Volume
The TRV model is a simple and objective method of determining (1) the volume of tree canopy on an acre of orchard, regardless of row spacing, tree size, age, or other factors; and (2) the dilute application water rate and chemical quantity for dilute (1X) applications or concentrate chemical load per acre needed to effectively spray each particular orchard, regardless of pruning and tree canopy density.
The TRV concept rests on these assumptions: Each row of trees is a wall of foliage, and water and chemical loads required can be related to the volume and density of foliage within that wall. Only three measurements must be made: (1) The distance between rows of trees; (2) the maximum tree height to be sprayed; and (3) the spread from drip line to drip line, which must be accurately measured to at least the nearest foot. In addition, an assessment of tree density is needed to calculate the TRV of an orchard.
Using these measurements, the TRV of any orchard can be calculated using the following formula:
Step 1:
Step 2: feet of row per acre (from Step 1)
x tree height (ft)
x cross-limb spread (ft)
= cu ft of foliage per acre.
Steps 1 and 2 determine the volume of foliage canopy per acre in the orchard.
Step 3: Select the number from Table 1 (below) that best indicates the canopy density of each separate orchard or block.
The cubic feet of foliage volume from Step 2 and the tree density established in Step 3 are used to calculate the water volume required per acre for a dilute spray application to provide maximum chemical load with a dilute airblast sprayer (applied to runoff).
Step 4:
cu ft of foliage
per acre
(from Step 2)
gallons of dilute solution to be applied per acre for a maximum application
canopy density
(from Step 3)
x
=
1,000 cu ft
Example:
Consider an orchard that has rows spaced 25 feet apart, trees 20 feet high, a spread of 17 feet from drip line to drip line, and a tree density of 0.85.
Step 1:
Step 2: 1,742.4 ft x 20 ft x 17 ft = 592,416 cu ft
Step 3: Density has been given as 0.85 gal/1,000 cu ft
Step 4:
However, general pesticide applications are not applied to runoff. Using 70 percent (0.70) of the “to runoff” calculated rate reduces the dilute application just to the point of drip, or what we call “pesticide dilute.” Table 2 (opposite) gives the adjustments to the “TRV calculated water rates for dilute to runoff” water application rate for various chemicals used and types of spray applications. The 503.5 gallons per acre in the example above is used to illustrate the adjustments in Table 2.
Table 1. Canopy density adjustments in tree row volume (TRV) model.
0.70 gal/1,000 cu ft
Trees extremely open, light visible through entire tree, less than 15 scaffold limbs per tree or young tree.
0.75 gal/1,000 cu ft
Trees very open, 18 to 21 scaffolds per tree, light penetration throughout tree, healthy spurs in tree canopy.
0.80 gal/1,000 cu ft
Trees well pruned, adequate light in trees for healthy spurs throughout trunk and scaffold limbs, many holes or openings in foliage where light is visible through tree.
0.85 gal/1,000 cu ft
Trees moderately well pruned, reasonable spur population within canopy, tree thick enough that light is not visible through bottom ⅔ of tree.
0.90 gal/1,000 cu ft
Trees pruned minimally, spurs inside canopy are weak due to limited light, very few openings where light is visible throughout the tree.
0.95 gal/1,000 cu ft
Little or no pruning, spurs dead or very weak in canopy, very little light visible throughout the tree.
1.00 gal/1,000 cu ft
Tree unpruned, extremely thick, no light visible anywhere through tree canopy, trees more than 20 ft high.
43,560 sq ft per acre
=
feet of row
per acre
distance between rows (ft)
43,560 ft2
=
1,742.4 ft
25 ft
592,416 cu ft
x 0.85 gal
=
503.5 gal per acre will apply a dilute application to runoff
1,000 cu ft 33
Table 2. Adjustments in tree row volume (TRV) calculated water rates per acre for various chemicals and spray applications.
Type of spray and chemical application
% of the calculated TRV dilute to runoff gallonage to be used for a dilute application
Actual gallons/acre to be used in previous TRV example orchard
1Pre-petal fall dilute pesticide application (adjusted because of incomplete foliage development)
56
282
Dilute pesticide application (from petal fall on and all other applications not specifically mentioned)
70
352
ProVide and Promalin (as a fine mist)
40 to 50
201 to 252
Spur Red Delicious thinners and dormant oil applications
100
504
Thinners for other varieties
70 to 90
352 to 453
Vegetative growth inhibitor
80 to 90
403 to 453
Preharvest Ethrel plus stop-drop spray
100 to 120
504 to 605
1To use this reduced gallonage requires accurate nozzling to top of trees and good air displacement within trees (i.e., reduced tractor speed).
Table 3 (below) demonstrates how the chemical load and water volume for concentrate sprays can be easily calculated from the TRV model.
The TRV model is accurate for dilute and concentrate chemical applications with conventional airblast sprayers, using water volumes as low as 150 gallons per acre. Below this gallonage, the physics of droplet size and impingement on the foliage can become a limiting factor in obtaining effective deposition on trees. Thus, if the TRV model calculates a water application rate of less than 150 gallons per acre, a 150 to 200 gallon rate should be considered a minimum in a conventional airblast sprayer, or be sure you are using a concentrate engineered sprayer (higher air speed) that will ensure adequate impingement of the spray solution on the tree surfaces at low water volume.
Table 3. How to calculate concentrate application rates.
Concentrate pesticide application
(3X water rate)1
Dilute pesticide TRV gallonage
=
352 gal/acre
=
117 gal/acre
Concentrate rate
3X
Concentrate pesticide chemical load per acre (2X to 4X)2
Rate of pesticide
per 100 gal
x
Dilute pesticide TRV
gal per acre
=
2.0 x 352
=
7.1 lbs/acre
100 gal
100
5X or greater3
Rate of pesticide
per 100 gal
x
Dilute pesticide TRV
gal per acre
x 0.8
=
2.0 x 352 x 0.8
=
5.6 lbs/acre
100 gal
100
1Assume the example orchard was to be sprayed at 3X concentration. 2Rate per 100 gal dilute. Example based on 2.0 lb pesticide/100 gal. 3This adjustment for concentrate application (5X or greater) should be made if spraying conditions are good and trees are properly matched to the sprayer. Adequate spray coverage cannot be assumed with concentrate application if sprays are applied during windy conditions or to thick, oversized trees.
Dwarf High-Density Orchards
Dwarf high-density orchards represent a special situation for TRV applications. Most high density orchard TRV water application rates calculate out at well below the minimum desirable gallonage for good droplet impingement (below 150 gallons/acre). We have consistently found improved efficacy of pesticide application and improved time efficiency by calibrating for double the TRV. This raises the water application rate above the minimum desirable gallonage, then you must drive every other row middle to reduce actual water volume per acre of orchard back to true TRV calculated rate. Pesticides are applied on a normal interval, alternating drive middles.
The reality of sprayer calibration and nozzling for chemical applications is that until the proper chemical load is appropriately delivered and deposited on leaf and fruit surfaces, the spray you apply cannot be considered an effective pesticide application. 34
IPM Practices for Selected Pests
Plum Curculio
Adults overwinter in leaf litter in and around orchards. In the spring when the daily maximum temperature exceeds 70°F, adults emerge, mate, and lay eggs under fruit skin. Adults generally begin to enter orchards shortly before bloom, with most adults present by the end of petal fall. Depending on weather conditions, new adults can continue to enter until at least the first cover spray. Damage is observed as feeding or oviposition scars and is cosmetic. Larval development can occur in apples that drop off the tree. Adult plum curculio are ¼-inch-long weevils with a curved snout; they are mottled black, gray, and brown with two bumps on each wing cover and a white marking across the back. Eggs hatch within a few days after being laid and feed in the fruit. The mature larva is ¼-inch long, white, slightly curved, and legless. The first generation adults usually emerge about 8 to 10 weeks later: late June or July depending on location. These adults will also feed on and damage fruit. Although plum curculio is capable of completing two generations per year in many southeastern locations, in most years only one is completed.
Scouting and Control: Plum curculio is very difficult to monitor, because traps are inconsistent and adults are difficult to observe and readily drop from trees when disturbed. After bloom, check twice weekly for plum curculio adults, feeding damage, and egg-laying scars. Typically, an insecticide at petal fall is sufficient for control, but occasionally emergence may be protracted under high population densities or cool conditions and a second application is necessary at first cover. A model developed in NY that predicts damage to apple by first generation adults is based on accumulating degree-days (50°F base, use codling moth degree-day table below) beginning at petal fall (90% of petals fallen) of ‘Delicious’ apples. The model predicts that insecticidal control is no longer necessary after 310 degree-days have accumulated from petal fall. First generation adults emerge and can feed on apples from late June through July, depending on location.
Apple Maggot
The apple maggot usually completes one generation per season, although a partial second generation can occur in certain years, particularly at elevations below 1,200 feet. Adult fly emergence from overwintering pupae in the soil is unpredictable and can occur from June through August, but the peak emergence is usually between mid July and early August. About 7 days after emergence, flies become sexually mature and mate, after which females deposit eggs under the skin of apples by puncturing them with their ovipositor. After a few days a small maggot hatches from the egg and the maggot tunnels within the fruit. When mature, the maggot exits the apple, drops to the ground, and burrows into the soil, where it completes development and forms a pupa. The pupa is the overwintering stage, and it emerges as a fly the following summer. If fly emergence is early in the season, some of their progeny emerge the same season rather than overwinter. In addition, a small percentage of flies may not emerge until 2 to 4 years later.
Weather conditions are important in dictating the timing and length of fly emergence. Pupae that are overwintering in lighter soils and in sunny areas emerge before those in heavier soils and shady areas. Sufficient soil moisture is also necessary for flies to emerge from soil-borne pupae. Drought delays or prevents many flies from emerging. Also, abandoned orchards (or even a few non-sprayed trees) and wild hawthorn trees adjacent to apples are potential sources of flies, and are a threat to commercial orchards located within a distance of about 400 yards.
Monitoring and Control: Monitor flies with red sticky spheres that are baited with a fruit essence lure. Baited spheres catch two to four times as many adults as non-baited spheres. In orchards with no history of maggot injury, a minimum of three red spheres should be placed on the outside row of an orchard closest to the suspected source of flies (e.g., abandoned orchard). Hang spheres in trees with fruit, and remove fruit within 18” of the sphere so that the sphere is highly visible to flies. In orchards with a history of damage, traps can also be placed in the interior of orchards on the southern side of trees. When using baited spheres, apply an insecticide after catching 5 flies cumulatively. Repeat an application at 14-day intervals if captures again reach 5 flies. Although the timing of emergence can vary among years, in most years the critical timing for insecticidal control is late July to early August.
Codling Moth
Codling moths begin to emerge and mate during April or early May, depending on location, and complete two generations per season. Depending on location and the year, a partial or complete third generation may occur, most commonly at elevations below about 1,000 feet. Eggs generally begin to hatch near the first cover spray, and soon larvae tunnel into and feed inside fruit. The mature larvae are similar to oriental fruit moth larvae, being ½-inch long and pinkish-white with legs. Unlike the OFM, codling moth larvae do not have an anal comb.
In recent years the codling moth has become a serious problem in orchards throughout the Southeast. Factors associated with problem orchards are (1) bin piles stored near orchards and/or (2) insecticide-resistant populations. Bins are an ideal environment for overwintering larvae, and when they complete their development the following spring the adults disperse to nearby orchards. Orchards within 100 to 150 yards of bin piles are particularly prone to infestation. Insecticide resistance has been detected in a number of orchards where problems have persisted for one or two years.
Codling Moth Degree-Day Model
The codling moth degree-day model is used to predict adult emergence and egg hatch of each of the two to three 35
generations that occur each year. The model has been in existence for more than 30 years and was recently modified to more accurately reflect southeastern populations. However, the model may not be accurate where moths emerging from nearby bins are a primary source of codling moth, because these individuals usually emerge later than those in natural habitats in the orchard.
Base a decision to spray insecticides against codling moth on pheromone trapping and the codling moth degree-day model. Use pheromone traps to determine the starting point of the model (biofix) and to gauge the intensity of populations. The degree-day model predicts percent of adult emergence and egg hatch for each of the two to three generations of codling moth that annually occur in the Southeast. The model is quite accurate for the first generation, but is less accurate for each successive generation.
To use the model, begin to accumulate degree days when male flight begins in the spring, which is referred to as biofix. The biofix date is determined with pheromone traps to detect the first sustained catch of two or more moths in the spring. Traps should be placed in orchards near the tight cluster stage of bud development, and checked one to two times per week. Hang traps at a density of one trap per 10 acres of orchard. Traps hung in the upper third of the canopy catch more moths than those in the lower canopy and are a preferred location. Once biofix is determined, degree days are calculated daily. It is only necessary to check traps once per week after biofix is determined. Use the table on page 39 to determine the number of degree days occurring at various maximum and minimum daily temperatures.
First Generation CM: Recommendations are provided for low- and moderate-to-high population densities. Low-density orchards are those where less than 0.2 percent of fruit were damaged the previous year and pheromone trap catches do not exceed 1 to 2 moths per trap per week anytime during the first generation (up to about 1000 DD after biofix). Under these conditions, a single application at 350 DD after biofix is sufficient.
In moderate-to high-density orchards, apply two insecticide applications at 14 to 21 days apart, the first at 100 to 250 DD after biofix: 100 to 150 if using a product which depends primarily on ovicidal activity for control (i.e., Intrepid or Rimon), and 250 if using other insecticides that target early stage larvae. Additional applications may be necessary if trap captures remain high (greater than 7 moths per trap).
A second emergence of overwintering adults sometimes occurs between 500 and 800 degree days after biofix. This is often referred to as the “B peak” and may be associated with insecticide-resistant individuals in the population. Hence, pheromone trapping is important throughout the flight period.Relationship between degree-day accumulations from biofix and percentages of codling moth adult emergence and egg hatch.
Cumulative
Degree Days
% Adult Emergence
% Egg
Hatch
0 (Biofix)
5
0
1
10
0
50
13
0
100
17
0
150
22
0
200
29
0
250
36
0
300
43
0
350
52
3
400
60
8
450
67
12
500
74
22
550
80
30
600
84
36
650
88
42
700
91
54
750
93
62
800
95
64
850
96
67
900
97
73
950
98
81
1000
99
92
1050
10
100
1100
12
1
1150
15
1
1200
19
2
1250
23
3
1300
28
4
1350
33
5
1400
39
8
1450
45
11
1500
51
15
1550
57
20
1600
63
24
1650
69
29
1700
74
35
1750
78
38
1800
82
48
1850
86
64
1900
88
65
1950
91
68
2000
93
71
2050
94
73
2100
95
75
2150
96
78
2200
97
81
2250
98
84
2300
98
84
2350
99
85
2400
99
90
2500
10
95
2550
15
98
2600
20
99
2650
25
100
36
Second generation CM: Recommendations are provided for extremely low, low, and moderate-to-high population densities. Extremely low-density orchards may not require an insecticide application (no first-generation damage is observed and pheromone trap catches remain below one moth per trap per week between 1,000 and 2,500 DD after biofix). Low-density orchards require one insecticide application, and recent research indicates the optimum timing is 1,400 to 1,500 DD. These orchards may have no sign of damage by first generation larvae and trap catches between 3 to 5 moths per trap per week between 1,000 to 1,500 DD after biofix. Moderate-to high-density orchards will have fruit damage and higher pheromone trap catches requiring at least two insecticide applications at 14-day intervals, starting about 1,400 DD after biofix, and additional applications if trap captures remain above 5 to 7 moths per trap per week.
Third Generation CM: The model should not be relied upon alone for timing insecticide applications for the third generation, because the model becomes less accurate over time.
Exceptions to the Model: Where codling moth populations are extremely high and where pheromone trap catches remain high between generations, additional insecticide applications at shorter intervals may be necessary. This often occurs in orchards adjacent to abandoned orchards, orchards near bins, or in problem orchards with high populations.
Oriental Fruit Moth
Oriental fruit moths begin to emerge and mate before apple bloom, and eggs begin to hatch at petal fall. Variable spring temperatures cause erratic emergence and egg-laying by first-generation moths. The larvae feed on shoot tips and inside apple fruit. The mature larva is ½-inch long, pinkish-white, and has an anal comb and legs. The only way to distinguish between oriental fruit moth and codling moth larvae is to use a hand lens to examine mature larvae for the presence of an anal comb. Codling moth larvae do not have an anal comb.
Oriental Fruit Moth Degree-Day Model
Base a decision to spray insecticides against oriental fruit moth on pheromone trap catches and a DD model. The model biofix is determined in the same manner as for the codling moth. Use pheromone traps to determine the starting point of the model and to gauge the intensity of populations. The degree-day model predicts adult emergence and egg hatch for the first three of the four or five generations that occur in the Southeast. However, generations overlap later in the season, which makes the degree-day model less useful at this time. The table on page 39 uses daily maximum and minimum temperatures to determine daily DDs for oriental fruit moth (base 45°F). Place traps in the orchards near the green-tip stage of bud development, and check one to two times per week. Hang traps at eye level at a density of 1 trap per 10 acres of orchard. Check traps weekly after the biofix date.
First-Generation OFM: Control of the first generation is often important to prevent first-generation damage and to reduce populations of subsequent generations. First-generation egg laying is usually low on apple, and only one insecticide application between 400 and 500 DD after biofix is necessary, which usually coincides with petal fall.
Second-Generation OFM: If first-generation control was successful, second-generation populations are usually very low. Extremely low-density orchards may not require an insecticide application (pheromone trap catches never exceed 3 moths per trap per week between 800 to 1,600 DD). In low-density orchards (3 to 5 moths per trap per week between 800 and 1,500 DD), make a single insecticide application at 1,400 DD. Moderate- to high-density orchards will have fruit damage, higher trap catches, or both, and may need two insecticide applications 14 days apart starting at 1,100 DD.
Third and Fourth Generations: Use of the degree-day model becomes less useful beginning in July and August due to overlapping of generations. For this reason, rely on pheromone trap captures to determine the need for control measures. Use of a threshold level of 7 moths per trap per week has worked well to minimize damage. In situations where consistently high trap captures occur, mating disruption should be considered (see below).
Tufted Apple Bud Moth
The tufted apple bud moth (TABM) is the most common leafroller occurring on apple in the Southeast. In the 1990s it was the most destructive insect pest of southeastern apples due to insecticide resistance, but populations have greatly reduced since the introduction of new insecticides in the early 2000s. TABM completes two generations per year, with egg laying occurring during June (first generation) and August and September (second generation). Larvae feed on leaves and fruit, with fruit damage usually observed as surface feeding. However, second-generation larvae may also be found feeding within the calyx end of fruit. Unless an individual orchard has a history of damage by this insect, it is doubtful that special precautions need to be taken. Timing is critical to the successful management of this pest. In most instances, one well-timed insecticide application per generation will provide high levels of control. Cultural controls are also important. Maintain a clean orchard floor, particularly in the early spring before bloom, to minimize TABM populations by removing the food source for overwintering larvae. New apple sucker growth and broadleaf weeds are important food sources in the spring. Thinning apples to breakup clusters of fruit also reduces damage.
Tufted Apple Bud Moth Degree-Day Model
A TABM degree-day model similar to that of the oriental fruit moth and codling moth was developed specifically for populations in the Southeast. For calculating degree days from maximum and minimum daily temperatures, use the oriental fruit moth table on page 39 (45°F). Place TABM pheromone traps at the tight cluster to pink stage of bud development at a density of 1 trap per 20 acres of orchard. Biofix is the first date on which a sustained catch occurs and may vary from 2 to 5 moths per trap per week. The cumulative number of degree days from the point of biofix is used 37
to predict percent egg hatch and to time insecticide applications against the first generation.
First-Generation Recommendation: When population densities are sufficiently high or if a short residual insecticide is used (i.e., Bacillus thuringiensis), two insecticide applications per generation may be necessary; make the first application at about 10 percent egg hatch, which occurs at about 800 DD after biofix, and the second application 14 days later. Where populations are low or if using a long residual insecticide (Intrepid, Delegate, Altacor), one application per generation should be made anytime between 10 and 30 percent egg hatch of the first generation, or from 800 to 1,200 DD after biofix.
Second-Generation Recommendation: Population densities of second generation TABM have been low since the registration of highly effective new insecticides such as Altacor, Intrepid, Delegate, and Rimon. In fact, insecticidal control of the second generation has not been necessary in many orchards when one of these products was used against the first generation. Not unless pheromone trap captures exceed about 15 moths per trap by 2,600 DD after biofix (time of 10% egg hatch of the second generation) is an insecticide application recommended. Control is most important on later maturing apples that are harvested after mid September.
Mating Disruption
Mating disruption consists of emitting relatively large amounts of an insect’s sex pheromone into an orchard environment to disrupt the normal mate-location process. Mating disruption prevents or reduces mating and the subsequent laying of fertile eggs, which effectively reduces populations below economically damaging levels. It is effective only in blocks of 5 acres or more. In apples, mating disruption is registered for codling moth and oriental fruit moth. Oriental fruit moth is much easier to control with mating disruption compared with codling moth; use both mating disruption and insecticides against moderate to high codling moth populations. Mating disruption will not control infestations resulting from immigrating fertilized female moths; hence, mating disruption alone is not recommended in blocks located adjacent to a likely source of immigrating moths (such as abandoned orchards or bin storage areas).
Pheromone Dispensers: A number of companies market pheromone dispensers for mating disruption, including hand-applied dispensers that emit pheromones for a relatively long period and sprayable products that last for shorter periods and need to be reapplied. Companies are now marketing pheromone dispensers that contain both codling moth and oriental fruit moth so that a single dispenser type can be used for mating disruption of both insects. Dispensers vary in the amount of pheromone they contain and the length of time during which pheromone is emitted, so read the label beforehand to ensure that dispensers are used properly. Because both codling moth and oriental fruit moth are potential pests in the Southeast, it is highly recommended that dual pheromone dispensers be used in apples.
Timing of Applications: For the codling moth, place pheromone dispensers in the orchard before adults begin to fly in the spring. First emergence of adults usually begins during late bloom or petal fall of Delicious cultivars. Hence, dispenser application should be completed by petal fall. Best results are obtained when dispensers are hung in the upper third of the canopy, because this is where mating occurs.
The oriental fruit moth begins to emerge near green tip of Delicious cultivars, so for season-long control, dispensers should be in the orchard by this time. However, insecticides applied at petal fall for other insects usually control this first generation, so if using oriental fruit moth dispensers only, application can be delayed until just before emergence of the second- or third-generation adults (950 and 1850 DD after biofix, respectively). If using sprayable pheromones for mating disruption, which is only recommended for OFM, make the initial application when hand-applied dispensers are applied. If mating disruption is not used against this insect and pheromone trap captures remain low during the season, a single late-season application in mid to late August will help to suppress late-season populations.
Monitoring Insects: Monitoring codling moth and oriental fruit moth populations is of critical importance to measure the effectiveness of mating disruption and to determine the need for insecticides. Pheromone traps should be used to monitor moth populations, and fruit should also be examined at periodic intervals. When properly used, pheromone trapping can be useful to determine the need for insecticides under mating disruption orchards. Traps should be hung in the upper one-third of the canopy, because that is where codling moth activity is most intense. Traps should be hung at a density of no less than one trap per five acres, and preferably one per three acres, and checked at weekly intervals. Trap captures should be added each week, and when the cumulative number exceeds an average of three moths per trap, an insecticide may be necessary. Threshold levels are based on using large delta-style traps and Trece CM L2 lures, which should be replaced at 12-week intervals.
The type of pheromone lure used in traps is also important. Some lures contain a pear ester kairomone that enhances capture of codling moth and may capture female moths, and is sold as CMDA. Lures to enhance OFM captures contain a combination of OFM pheromone plus codling moth. Finally acetic acid lures placed in traps with the pheromone lures enhance capture of both moths.
European Red Mite Management
Several beneficial arthropods can help keep European red mite (ERM) populations below damaging levels. The most common in the Southeast are the phytoseiid mite (Amblyseius fallacis) and a complex of generalist predators (such as lady beetles and lacewings). However, recent research in North Carolina suggests that neither of these predators overwinters to any significant degree within orchards, so they must be reestablished in orchards in the spring. Hence, practices that delay the buildup of ERM and enable predators to increase before mites become a problem will favor biological control. The two most effective practices 38
are applying a delayed dormant oil spray and avoiding insecticides toxic to these predators.
Monitoring Mite Populations: Use a regular monitoring program to follow the buildup of mite populations and to determine if and when supplemental applications of a miticide are necessary to avoid economic damage. Monitor each contiguous block of apples weekly beginning when adult mites
first appear (which may vary from mid-May to late June). Within each block, examine 5 leaves from each of 10 trees with a visor lens or hand lens. Rather than counting the total number of mites on each leaf, record the number of leaves infested with one or more mites, and estimate mite density from the table below.
Determining the Need for Miticides: When mite populations reach a density of 5 to 10 mites per leaf (80 to 90 percent infested leaves), decide whether to rely on biological control or apply a miticide to prevent mites from increasing to damaging levels. To gauge the potential for biological control with predator mite A. fallacis, count the number of predator mites on sample leaves with a visor lens. If the ratio of A. fallacis to ERM is between 1 to 5 and 1 to 15, biological control is possible. If predators are not present and mite populations are between 5 to 10 mites per leaf, apply a miticide.
Where Alternaria blotch is a problem on Delicious apples, biological control is usually not an option. Alternaria blotch in the presence of mite injury can lead to premature defoliation, so mite populations must be maintained at very low levels. If preventive control measures are not used, miticides should be used when mites reach 1-2 mites per leaf.
Relationship between European red mite density per leaf and % infested leaves.
% Mite-Infested Leaves
(>1 mite/leaf)
Expected No.
Mites per Leaf
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.6
2.0
2.6
3.4
4.7
6.8
11.4
26.4 39
Codling moth degree days (50°F lower base, 88°F upper base) at various daily maximum and minimum temperatures.
Max
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
Min
20
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
22
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
6
6
6
7
8
9
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
24
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
6
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
11
12
13
14
15
16
26
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
6
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
13
14
15
16
28
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
6
6
7
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
16
30
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
32
0
1
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
34
0
1
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
14
15
16
17
36
0
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
17
38
0
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
40
0
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
17
18
42
0
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
44
0
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
16
17
18
19
46
0
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
48
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
50
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
52
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
54
-
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
56
-
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
58
-
-
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
60
-
-
-
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
62
-
-
-
-
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
64
-
-
-
-
-
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
66
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
68
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
70
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
72
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
74
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
76
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Oriental fruit moth degree days (45°F lower base, 91°F upper base) at various daily maximum and minimum temperatures.
Max
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
Min
20
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
10
12
12
13
14
15
16
17
17
18
19
22
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
18
19
24
1
2
2
2
4
4
5
6
7
7
8
10
10
11
12
12
14
15
15
16
18
18
19
20
26
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
18
18
19
20
28
1
2
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
11
13
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
30
1
2
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
12
13
13
15
16
16
17
19
19
20
21
32
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
19
20
21
34
1
2
3
3
4
6
6
7
8
8
10
11
11
12
14
14
15
17
17
18
19
20
21
21
36
1
2
3
3
5
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
19
20
21
22
38
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
7
9
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
21
22
40
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
10
11
12
13
15
15
16
18
18
19
20
21
22
23
42
1
3
4
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
44
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
46
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
48
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
50
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
52
-
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
54
-
-
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
56
-
-
-
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
58
-
-
-
-
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
60
-
-
-
-
-
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
62
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
64
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
66
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
35
68
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
36
70
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
37
72
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
38
74
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
39
76
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
40
39 40
Pesticide Resistance Management
General Considerations
Pesticide resistance is a shift in the genetics of a pest population that allows individuals within a previously susceptible population to survive. Resistant pest populations have inherited traits that reduce their susceptibility to individual pesticides or groups of pesticides. Resistance develops in all agricultural pest groups—insects, mites, fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and weeds. Pesticide-resistant individuals are initially quite rare in pest populations. However, when a new pesticide is first used, a very low number of individual pests never previously exposed to the novel chemistry can be expected to be resistant. The frequency of resistant genes to novel chemistries varies tremendously, but history makes it clear that resistant individuals should be expected in all pest groups. By the nature of the process, resistance most often develops to pesticides that are initially very effective and frequently used.
Pesticide resistance management is an effort to slow or prevent the development of resistance. It relies on pest management and pesticide-use strategies to prolong the effective life of pesticides. Resistance management is difficult, especially in high-value crops such as fruit, where high quality standards and limited numbers of registered pesticides make the task more challenging.
Managing resistance requires an understanding of the factors that influence its development. Selection is the process of pesticide-induced selection for resistance. With regular pesticide use, those rare individuals that are naturally resistant survive and reproduce more successfully than their susceptible peers. Resistance frequency refers to the proportion of a pest population that is resistant. Cross resistance refers to a type of resistance in which a pest population develops resistance to more than one pesticide within a chemical family (such as organophosphate insecticides or EBDC fungicides). Multiple resistance involves multiple, independent resistance mechanisms, which often lead to resistance to chemicals from different families (organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, dodine and DMI fungicides). Resistance stability is a key factor in managing resistance. Stability is an estimate of how well resistance persists in a pest population once the pesticide is no longer used. The rate of reversion to a susceptible state varies enormously. But when pesticide use ceases, selective pressure for resistance is removed, and over time resistance will often be reduced. Resistance stability estimates may allow limited use of resistance-prone compounds.
It is important to emphasize that control failures do not confirm resistance. Other factors (poor timing, sprayer calibration or coverage, wash-off, high pH in spray tank water, inappropriate materials, etc.) should be eliminated as causes for control failures before resistance is seriously considered. Factors influencing the development of resistance can be grouped into biological and management categories. Biological factors include pest reproductive rate, mobility of the pest species into and out of untreated areas, and genetic factors such as number of resistance mechanisms, resistance frequency and intensity, and resistance stability. Management factors that influence resistance development include how materials are applied, how often they are used, how long they persist in the field, treatment thresholds, and strategies for using available pesticides. Resistance management efforts study specific pest-pesticide interactions and focus on practical strategies that growers can implement.
Pest management is practical and works in concert with pesticide-use strategies to lessen resistance selection by facilitating prudent, as-needed pesticide use. Pesticide-use strategies work best when implemented as a new pesticide comes into commerce. Pesticide manufacturers, IPM scientists, and growers have come to recognize that using resistance management from the beginning works best. Collecting baseline susceptibilities, defining probable resistance problems beforehand, and proposing pesticide-use strategies to forestall resistance development are the province of manufacturers and IPM scientists. Biologically and economically sound resistance management plans offered pre-sale give growers the best hope for managing resistance. Pesticide-use strategies are often grouped as follows: (1) management by moderation, (2) rotation and mixtures, and (3) saturation.
Moderation means limiting the use of a pesticide. Moderation is employed in concert with IPM practices, such as using treatment thresholds, spraying only specific pest generations or growth stages, maintaining unsprayed wild host reservoirs to act as refuges for genetically susceptible individuals, using pesticides with shorter residual or lower toxicity to important beneficial populations, etc. Moderation should be used to the fullest extent that will provide commercially acceptable control.
Rotation, and in some cases mixtures, are the bulwarks of pesticide-use strategies because an individual pest is less likely to be resistant to two or more differing classes of toxins. In theory, most individual pests resistant to one pesticide will be killed when exposed to a different class of toxin. Rotations depend on having effective, labeled materials with different modes of action. Material cost is a key practical consideration that favors rotation. Mixtures of fungicides have been used successfully to combat disease resistance, although cost lessens the attractiveness of this approach. Mixtures of insecticides and miticides have typically performed poorly. Rotation is seen as the desired approach for insecticides, miticides, and some fungicides.
Saturation, the use of higher pesticide rates to control resistant individuals, is the least attractive resistance management approach, although it has been used to manage resistance to DMI fungicides. Saturation is generally a last resort when there are no other effective, labeled alternatives. In this scenario, higher rates will often provide control for a time, although at greater cost. Synergists, chemicals that increase the toxicity of pesticides, have sometimes been effective in boosting the efficacy of resistance-prone pesticides. As with simple rate increases, saturation with synergists typically provides only short-term benefits.
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Insecticide Resistance Management Strategies
In the southeastern United States, pesticide resistance has been documented in the tufted apple bud moth, codling moth, rosy apple aphid, and European red mite. Currently, codling moth resistance is most important, but good resistance management strategies are required to prevent other pests from developing resistance.
Codling Moth
Insecticide-resistant codling moth populations became prevalent throughout the Southeast in the early 2000s. Resistance to one or more registered insecticides, including Intrepid and Rimon, were detected in a number of orchards in Georgia and North Carolina. In situations where codling moth resistance occurs, populations usually increase to large numbers, and frequent insecticide applications at short intervals (7 to 10 days) are necessary at critical times (between 400 and 800 DD after biofix) to prevent damage. However, such intense insecticide use may lead to higher levels of resistance, so alternative management strategies should be used in conjunction with insecticides. Using mating disruption is strongly encouraged as a resistance management tactic, because this will help reduce population densities more quickly than insecticides alone and, subsequently, the need for insecticide applications. After two to three years of continuous mating disruption, codling moth population densities can be reduced so that only one or two total insecticide applications are needed for season-long control. In addition, make an attempt to avoid using more than two insecticide applications against a single codling moth generation by incorporating codling moth virus (Cyd-X or Carpovirusine) applications into the spray program after two applications have been made. When choosing insecticides, rotate insecticides with different modes of action against each generation. For example, make two applications of the same insecticide against the first generation, but use an insecticide with a different mode of action against the second generation.
Rosy Apple Aphid
The rosy apple aphid has developed widespread resistance to Lorsban, and control failures with Asana, Ambush, Danitol and Diazinon have become more common in recent years. Consequently, neonicotinoid insecticides are now most commonly used for control. It is important to remember that all neonicotinoids (Actara, Assail, Calypso, Belay, and Provado) have a similar mode of action and should be considered the same material for rotation purposes.
The two best times to control rosy apple aphid on apple are (1) tight cluster to pink or (2) petal fall. Do not apply any insecticide with the same mode of action more than once during this time frame, and if possible do not use the insecticide used for rosy apple aphid control more than once during the period when the aphids may occur in apple orchards (through the third or fourth cover spray).
European Red Mite
Avoiding unnecessary miticide applications is the most effective strategy for minimizing the potential for resistance development. A delayed dormant oil application is highly recommended to suppress overwintering populations of European red mite and to improve the potential for biological control to maintain mite populations below damaging levels. On Delicious cultivars, which are susceptible to Alternaria blotch and where preventive control or low threshold levels are recommended for control of European red mite, there is a high potential for developing resistant populations. To reduce this potential, in addition to a delayed dormant oil application, do not use the same miticide in successive years.
Resistance Management Strategies for Plant Pathogens
Resistance of plant pathogens to pesticides has become widespread over the past 40 years as site-specific (systemic) chemicals have been developed and used on many crops and against many pathogens. The broad-spectrum protectants (such as captan and mancozeb) that were used previously had multiple sites of activity in the target pathogens, greatly reducing the likelihood of resistance development.
Resistance has become a problem in the U.S. in at least five pathogens that affect apples during the growing season: Venturia inaequalis, cause of apple scab; Podosphaera leucotricha, cause of powdery mildew; Alternaria mali, cause of Alternaria leaf blotch; Erwinia amylovora, cause of fire blight; and Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans, cause of blister spot. Resistance of V. inaequalis to dodine (Syllit, initially sold as Cyprex) was first reported in New York in 1969. It has subsequently been reported in several states in the Northeast and Midwest but has not been found in orchards in the Southeast. Resistance of V. inaequalis to the benzimidazole fungicides (benomyl and thiophanate-methyl) was reported shortly after their introduction in 1971 and became widespread in the eastern U.S., including the Southeast, in the mid-1970s. As a consequence they are no longer recommended for apple scab control in the Southeast. The demethylation inhibiting (DMI) fungicides were first introduced in the late 1980s, and reduced sensitivity of V. inaequalis has been reported or suspected in a number of orchards in the Northeast and Midwest. Some growers in NC have also had problems controlling scab with DMI fungicides, suggesting that resistance may be a problem here as well. Resistance of V. inaequalis to strobilurin (QoI) fungicides (Flint and Sovran) has been reported in Virginia. Resistance of Alternaria mali to the QoI fungicides (Flint and Sovran) has been reported in North Carolina. Resistance of Podosphaera leucotricha to EBI and QoI fungicides is evident in Virginia. Resistance of the fire blight bacterium, E. amylovora, to streptomycin (FireWall, Agri-mycin 17, Streptrol) is present in several states but has not been reported in the Southeast. Resistance of P. syringae pv. papulans has been confirmed in an orchard in Tennessee and in New York. There is potential for resistance to the Group 9 fungicides (anilinopyrimidine, AP, cyprodinil, and pyrimethanil), which include Vangard and Scala and are components of Inspire Super and Luna Tranquility, and to the newer Group 7 42
fungicides (carboximide, SDHI, boscalid, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, and penthiopyrad), which are included in Pristine, Luna Sensation, Luna Tranquility, Merivon, and Fontelis.
To avoid resistance development, minimize the use of fungicides and bactericides in which resistance is likely to develop. Additionally, combine site-specific fungicides with protectant fungicides that have broad spectrum activity. Limit
dodine applications to two to three per year. In areas where dodine resistance first became a problem, it was often used 10 to 12 times throughout the growing season. Similarly, limit streptomycin use for fire blight control to two to four times a year. Make applications only during times favorable for infection. These periods are characterized by open blossoms, dew or rainfall greater than 0.01 inch, an average daily temperature of 60°F or greater, and the accumulation of at least 198 degree-hours greater than 65°F since the first blossoms opened. Use the DMI and QoI fungicides only in combination with broad spectrum protectants, such as captan or EBDC fungicides. Avoid post-symptom applications of site-specific fungicides, such as dodine and the DMI fungicides, because this sets up an ideal situation for selection of resistant strains. Good orchard sanitation practices to maintain pathogen populations at low levels are also an important component of a resistance management program.
Herbicide Resistant Weeds
The reality of herbicide resistant weeds infesting orchards is more likely today than ever. Populations of pigweed and goosegrass resistant to dinitroanaline herbicides (Prowl and Oryzalin) exist in the Southeast. Populations of johnsongrass resistant to carboxylase herbicides (Fusilade DX) also have been documented. Most recently glyphosate resistant weeds have been found across the Southeast and Midwest. Glyphosate resistant weed populations have been verified in Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. The two most notable species developing resistance to glyphosate are horseweed and Palmer amaranth. Glyphosate resistant ragweed is suspected and being investigated as well. Growers should be aware that these weeds are in apple production regions and in the event of control failures herbicide programs will have to be altered. If you suspect a problem or need additional information you should contact your county agent with the Cooperative Extension Service.
In order to prevent the development of herbicide resistant weeds growers should take into consideration the following practices:
1. Rotate herbicides with different modes of action (see table below). For example, do not use simazine (Princep, Simazine) continuously. Consider other pre-emergence broadleaf herbicide options. Avoid making more than two applications of the same herbicide in the same year.
2. Scout orchards to identify weeds. Respond quickly to changes in weed populations by controlling weeds
before they spread throughout the entire orchard.
3. Use non-selective post-emergence herbicides in a weed management program.
4. Use herbicides only as needed.
Herbicide Mode of Action Table
MOA Group
Herbicide Members
1
Clethodim (Select, etc.), Fluazifop (Fusilade), Sethoxydim (Poast)
2
Rimsulfuron (Matrix, Pruvin, Solida) and Halosulfuron (Sandea)
3
Oryzalin (Surflan) and
Pendimethalin (Prowl)
4
2,4-D amine, clopyralid (Stinger), fluroxypyr (Starane or Comet)
5
Simazine and Terbacil (Sinbar)
7
Diuron (Karmex, Direx)
9
Glyphosate (Roundup, etc.)
10
Glufosinate (Reckon)
12
Norflurazon (Solicam)
14
Flumioxazin (Chateau), Carfentrazone (Aim, Zeus Prime), Salflufenacil (Treevix), Sulfrentrazone (Zeus Prime)
20
Dichlobenil (Casoron)
22
Paraquat
(Gramoxone, Firestorm, Parazone)
29
Indaziflam (Alion) 43
Effect of pH on Pesticide Activity
Although the pH of spray water does not directly affect resistance development, it can affect the activity of some pesticides. The label on dimethoate, phosmet, malathion, azinphos-methyl, formetanate, ethephon, NAA, and possibly others warns of this effect. When these materials, except NAA, are exposed to a pH above 7.5, they undergo hydrolysis and break down to products that are either less effective or not effective. Excessively acidic conditions may limit uptake of NAA and, therefore, its effectiveness. The actual rate of breakdown depends on solubility and temperature and the total quantity broken down during a given period. For example, captan is hydrolyzed very quickly at alkaline pHs, but because it is very insoluble, the impact of pH is negligible unless captan is allowed to stand for a week or more. Hydrolysis increases with increased temperature. If the time in the spray tank is limited by applying pesticides immediately, then the quantitative amount broken down is limited.
Additives to the spray tank can also be a factor. Calcium chloride, especially when concentrated in the tank and applied in a low volume spray, can increase the pH. The greater the concentration, the greater the alkalinity. The manufacturing process for calcium chloride leaves residues of free lime (calcium hydroxide). The greater the purity of the calcium chloride, the lower the content of calcium hydroxide and the lower the effect on pH.
The water source can be a factor. Although most wells, streams, and rivers in the southeastern growing region are mildly acidic (6.7 plus or minus 0.2) there are exceptions; therefore, check pH a few times before regular use. Ponds are more likely to be alkaline, especially those high in algae and other organisms. These ponds undergo diurnal pH changes as result of dissolved carbon dioxide. Levels greater than 10 have been observed. Alkalinity contributed by CO2 is weakly buffered and readily changed by acidifying agents.
Although not pH-related, some pesticides can be affected by other contaminants in the water. For example, fenbuconazole, not labeled on apples, is greatly reduced in effectiveness by suspended particulates. Still other compounds like 2,4-D and azoxystrobilurin can be very difficult to wash out of the tank and can have a deleterious effect on apples at very low concentrations.
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Orchard Floor Management
The best strategy for managing the orchard floor is to use a noncompetitive grass alley with a vegetation-free strip in the tree row. The vegetation-free strip can be established and maintained with herbicides as described in this section. The permanent grass sod between the tree rows will minimize soil erosion, increase soil aeration and permeability, and support equipment movement through the orchard during wet weather. The vegetation-free strip eliminates competition for water and nutrients, minimizes tree damage or loss from voles during the dormant season, and provides some radiant heat from the soil surface should a spring frost or freeze occur. Herbicides are directed at the soil and weeds underneath the tree.
The vegetation-free strip method is superior to all other orchard floor management options. Vegetation under the tree competes for nutrients and water, resulting in reduced growth, yield, and size of fruit. Another option is the use of organic mulches in the tree row. Examples of mulching materials include straw, wood chips, and grass residue from mowing. These mulches will suppress weed emergence, but weed removal by some means will still be necessary. Mulches can improve the water-holding capacity of some soils. However, there are several concerns regarding the use of organic mulches. The most significant problem is that mulches create an ideal habitat for voles. Also, additional nitrogen may be needed to support the microorganisms that drive decomposition of organic mulches. In poorly drained or waterlogged soils, organic mulches increase the likelihood of phytophthora root rot. Mulches can be expensive and difficult to obtain. Synthetic mulches made from polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyester can be placed in the tree row around the base of the trunk or as a narrow strip down the row. Some newer synthetics allow water and air to pass through the mulch.
Herbicide Considerations
To ensure proper herbicide use, always read the manufacturer’s label before application. All statements on the manufacturer’s label take precedence over any recommendations in this publication.
It is important that herbicide application equipment be properly calibrated to ensure that herbicides are applied at the correct rate. For questions about calibrating your sprayer, contact your county’s Cooperative Extension agent.
Remember that herbicides are applied as a directed spray along each side of the tree row. Flat fan nozzles are most widely used for applying herbicides. They provide excellent spray coverage of weeds and come in several sizes with capabilities to apply a range of spray volumes. Some manufacturers make flat fan nozzles that minimize spray drift, allowing low-pressure spraying. Investing in such spray nozzles decreases the likelihood of off-target herbicide movement.
It is advisable to apply white latex paint to the bottom 2 to 3 feet of the tree trunk of newly planted trees before applying herbicides. Painting the tree trunks reduces the potential for winter as well as herbicide injury, especially from postemergence herbicides. Dip a car wash mitt (wear rubber gloves underneath the mitt) in paint and rub up and down the tree trunk until it is completely painted.
Several herbicides are registered for use in apple orchards. Some are preemergence herbicides that control weeds that have not emerged, and others are postemergence herbicides that control emerged weeds. Preemergence herbicides
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Current weather
Digging in
Jeff Hanson, foreman and track hoe operator for North Star Paving, excavates behind Central Peninsula General Hospital on Friday. NorthStar Paving and Construction, subcontractor to Alcan General Inc., is doing the final detail excavation for the hospital addition, which will include surgery suites, a clinical laboratory, sleep study labs and an intensive care unit. The expansion will add approximately 82,000 square feet to CPGH.
Photo by Layton Ehmke
Jeff Hanson, foreman and track hoe operator for North Star Paving, excavates behind Central Peninsula General Hospital on Friday. NorthStar Paving and Construction, subcontractor to Alcan General Inc., is doing the final detail excavation for the hospital addition, which will include surgery suites, a clinical laboratory, sleep study labs and an intensive care unit. The expansion will add approximately 82,000 square feet to CPGH.
Photo by Layton Ehmke
Jeff Hanson, foreman and track hoe operator for North Star Paving, excavates behind Central Peninsula General Hospital on Friday. NorthStar Paving and Construction, subcontractor to Alcan General Inc., is doing the final detail excavation for the hospital addition, which will include surgery suites, a clinical laboratory, sleep study labs and an intensive care unit. The expansion will add approximately 82,000 square feet to CPGH.
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Stefan Zweig had an extraordinary gift for mirroring the complexity of humankind and the human mind, and was undoubtedly one of the most translated authors in the 1930s, but he is still considered a “poor cousin” in the ...
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Snowy Canada pleasant break from dry winter
April 7, 2006
By Clyde Davis: Local columnist
The sun was setting behind the mountains in Vancouver, B.C., bringing with it the cold Canadian coastal night. Our skis were beginning to ice up, and we were still several miles from the lodge with its warm and welcoming fire, its hot tubs, its steaming, inviting drinks. We’d never been to this ski area before, never even been to Vancouver, with its legendary, mountains-meet-the-ocean beauty.
There was an atmosphere of almost tangible presence, however, to this particular resort. It wasn’t one of the new, birthed-in-the-’80s types of ski areas. Its history as a lodge went back to the 1920s, and the aura of tradition, and those very different days, was all around us.
Steep. The mountains were steep, no gently rolling hills, and by the same token, no extreme-style drop-offs. Standing at the halfway point on the trail, it looked like a scene from a 1950s ski-country advertisement.
Derek turned to me and grinned. “Ya think we’ve done a time travel bit here?” he said, raising his voice a little to be heard above the wind.
I wiped the snow from my clear goggles. It was flying pretty heavy now, and I hoped we’d make it back without losing our way, or perhaps, losing our way any further than we already had.
Had we lost our way? The giant cedars and pines, the immense tunnel of spruce, made me wonder if we had passed through here before.
“We’d best get going, great as it might be.” Part of me wanted to stay here and immerse ourselves in this all.
I dug my poles into the icing-over trail and pushed off downhill, going faster than I meant to, hoping he could keep up with me. Normally I let him take the lead, but something in my gut was telling me to get moving,keep ahead of the darkness.
We’d left New Mexico looking for a different kind of spring break, coming here on a whim and because we had just experienced one of the drabbest, driest and least enjoyable winters I had ever known. It hadn’t snowed at all, I believe, until February, and then just a bit. So Vancouver looked desperately appealing as we played with the Internet, trying to find an affordable destination. Thus we opted for snow rather than sand and sun,going where winter lasts well into April.
Moving down the hill, scarcely putting any effort into the gliding, I could almost touch the scents, the taste, if you will, of the deep forest and the energizing cold. Stars were visible now, crystal-cut against the gray velvet sky, and this far from the lodge, there was certainly no artificial lighting. That peculiar sound that is not really a sound, the aura of falling snow, was coming in around and through my mask. It blocked out, as it always does, any real sound that might be present. The moon was very nearly full, and highlighted the trail against the surrounding depth of darkening green.
I was so caught up in the mistiness of the moment that I didn’t, at first, notice that Derek wasn’t behind me.
(To be continued.)
Clyde Davis is pastor of First Presbyterian Church in Portales and an instructor at Eastern New Mexico University. He can be contacted at:
[email protected]
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crave
Definitions of cravev. t. - To ask with earnestness or importunity; to ask with submission or humility; to beg; to entreat; to beseech; to implore.
2v. t. - To call for, as a gratification; to long for; hence, to require or demand; as, the stomach craves food.
2v. i. - To desire strongly; to feel an insatiable longing; as, a craving appetite.
2
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In fiction, fat doesn't necessarily mean the character is out of shape — it's body armor. A fat character will often be resistant or even entirely impervious to damage because of their layers of blubber. Punches will be absorbed or deflected, often with a comedic BOING, and in rare cases, bullets or other projectiles will be diverted. They might even go out of their way to build up fat so they can fight more effectively.
Is Truth in Television but not to the extent that fiction portrays it. It might add some cushioning against a punch or twonote (it protects against cut wounds and shields nerves and blood vessels in a fight), but it does nothing against a bullet. However, characters with Kevlard seem to bypass this downside entirely.
Kevlard often, but not always, overlaps with Acrofatic, Stout Strength and/or Mighty Glacier. More often than not, it's applied to villainous characters rather than heroic ones, usually because it's meant to be an intimidating display of size trumping skill. Often played for laughs, and almost always a set-up to having the characters discover the Achilles' Heel of the tub of lard in question. Usually, in its less serious incarnations, the ability to repel damage with fat is presented as an inhuman superpower.
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It's important to make the distinction between this and Mighty Glacier: Mighty Glacier characters are simply those who are strong and slow, and it more often applies to huge, muscled characters. Kevlard, however, specifically refers to the body armor properties of pure lard, not muscle. Regardless, a Kevlard has a high probability of ending up as a Mighty Glacier or a Stone Wall anyway, as it is difficult to envision the character as fast or fragile.
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Examples:
When Goten and Trunks flub the Fusion Dance and fuse into an extremely fat Gotenks, the team wonders if having this is a good thing considering how strong the similarly obese Majin Buu is, and that its a sign of power. While Buu may be powerful, Fat Gotenks was just fat and out of shape.
Buyon, the Monster of the Week from Episode 40 of the original series, was the first monster to deflect Goku's Kamehameha without taking even a scratch and could only be defeated by freezinghim.
Mikokatsun in The World's Finest is an artificially created combatant who's incredibly rotund, but his torso is apparently also completely boneless. Though a very agile fighter in his own right, his belly deflects nearly all attacks aimed at it. It takes Goku a tremendous amount of effort to finally tear through it.
During the Black Cat Pirates arc, the Meowban Brothers are hit with the swordsman Zoro's Finishing Move. It nearly slices the skinny one in two, but the fat one survives.
Zoro:"All that blubber saved him..."
Trébol gives off this appearance as well, with objects or attacks thrown at him having no effect, as they just get stuck on his body, but it's actually because of his Stick-Stick Fruit powers, which allows him to generate adhesives from his body. He's not actually fat at all, but is actually covered in a thick coat of sticky goop that he shaped into something resembling a fat body, which allows him to withstand devastating attacks—his goop takes the damage for him.
Chouji in Naruto can use a jutsu to do this—justified, as he turns into a huge sphere of fat, and it's reasonable to assume his vital organs are somewhere in the center.
His father can use a more advanced technique that turns him into a proportional giant. Chouji later learns how to increase the size of individual body parts.
During the Sannin arc, Kabuto fails at a lethal strike aimed at Tsunades heart. He finds himself wondering if her enormous breasts blocked the attack.
Kurita of Eyeshield 21 has this mildly. The average high schooler can't really hurt him, but a lot of the linemen he plays against are around his size and can do plenty of damage.
Fat Man from the comic series Ratman has this as a literal super power. He can control the fat in his body to allow him to do things such as block knives.
Thor from Kenichi: The Mightiest Disciple claims this as a sumo wrestler's advantage, and indeed, Kenichi seems unable to harm him to any great degree, despite his surprisingly impressive physical strength. Kenichi ends up having to win the fight via ring-out.
In Shakugan no Shana, Shana once fought a minor mook who was so fat that she commented she had to use a lot of force so her sword could penetrate his flesh. This also made it difficult to find his core and permanently kill him.
Weaponized by Fat Gum in My Hero Academia: Attacks and weaponry that impact his tremendous belly are nullified by the fat and absorbed into it as he wills it. Presumably, he can suffocate people in there, but he's too much of a Nice Guy to do it and uses his powers strictly to disarm or neutralize his enemies.
In the Pokémon episode "Wake Up Snorlax!", Ash tries to catch a Snorlax that fell asleep and is blocking a river (actually, the riverbed was already dry because of an overgrown bramble thicket upstream from the Snorlax). The Snorlax's body fat causes the Pokéball to bounce off without triggering.
Comedy
Chris Rock has a "Government Hates Rap" bit where he goes on about how few rapper murderers have been convicted, despite the killings taking place in prominent places and\or taking a long time to execute. For Biggie Smalls he posits that "there must have been some reloading in that drive-by".
Comic Books
The Blob from X-Men, pictured above, has this as his superpower — he's Nigh InvulnerableFat Bastard who can make himself literally immovable (more to do with manipulation of his mass than any idea that being fat is itself a superpower.) How tough is he? At least once, he was totally unfazed by Cyclops' power beam!
Subversion: In the Marvel Universe, The Kingpin appears to be a monstrously obese man who appears to harness the power of Kevlard. However, once he actually takes off his shirt and starts fighting, it's apparent he is ripped as hell, thus making him a Mighty Glacier instead.
Subversion: a RoboCop comic book had a minor villain that appeared very fat. Lewis tries to drop him with a standard double-tap, just for the villain to shrug it off and casually gloat that what looked like fat was actually custom-made body armor made to look like fat. Lewis addresses this problem by wrestling him to the ground and pressing the barrel of her sidearm square against the center of his forehead. "Wanna try that trick again?"
Another obese Marvel villain is the Slug. Like the Blob, his fat makes him hard to hurt through attacks to the stomach (though attacks to the head will do just fine). Unlike the Blob, he is unable to move without technical aid and his fighting skill is absolutely pathetic, so he's a Stone Wall at best. He can actually suffocate people using the folds of fat on his body.
Po in Kung Fu Panda is an average fighter overall, but his secret technique relies on his sheer mass to absorb attacks. By the end of the movie, it becomes a Chekhov's Skillas it renders him immune to Tai Lung's paralyzing nerve strikes.
In Kung Fu Panda 2, Mr. Ping points out that Po has lost weight. He also seems to be less able to take a hit.
Films — Live-Action
The fat guy in 3 Ninjas: Until the heroes figure out where his weak point is, their blows simply do not register.
Played for drama in Headhunters, where a character survives a car-falling-off-cliff collision only because the obese men on either side of him acted as human airbags.
In Pet, Seth distracts Nate and stabs him in the gut. Though it bleeds, Nate is so fat that he doesn't even notice until he looks down. Then he gets angry and throws Seth across the room.
In John Wick: Chapter 2, John fights a sumo wrestler-like assassin who shrugs off John's blows and gunshots. He finally falls when he's shot in the head.
Leatherback in Pacific Rim manages to absorb multiple point blank shots from Gipsy Danger's plasma cannon with his prodigious belly before the blasts burn away enough tissue to begin damaging his vitals. Previous, less girthy kaiju, took only one or two shots to bring down.
Literature
In Monstrous Regiment Sergeant Jackrum claims his fat is like armor, and that a man once stuck a sword in it up to the hilt, and was very surprised when he got nutted in response. Of course, Jackrum said that to reassure the troops about attacking the enemy keep.
In Charles McCarry's The Bride of the Wilderness, the character Gustavus Hawkes is able to keep going on with an arrowhead in himalbeit with considerable painbecause it's stuck in his subcutaneous fat. McCarry attempts to justify this by claiming that unusually dense fatty tissue runs in Hawkes's family; an ancestor took a small-caliber bullet with similar aplomb.
Spenser: Spenser and Hawk have to go arrest Zachary — no shooting allowed — in the novel The Judas Goat:
Hawk speaks: "Kathie say this Zachary a bone-breaker." "How big is he?" Hawk said, "Kath?" "Very big," she said. "Bigger than me," I said, "or Hawk?" "Oh yes. I mean really big." "I weigh about two hundred pounds," I said. "How much would you say he weighs?" "He weighs three hundred five pounds. I know. I heard him tell Paul one day." I looked at Hawk. "Three hundred five?" "But he only six feet seven," Hawk said. "Is he fat, Kathie?" I was hopeful. "No, not really. He used to be a weightlifter." "Well, so, Hawk and I do a lot on the irons." "No, I mean like those Russians. You know, a real weightlifter, he was the champion of somewhere." "And he looks like a Russian weightlifter?" "Yes, like that. Paul and he used to watch them on television. He has that fat look that you know is strong."
In Darksiders: The Abomination Vault, Death and War fight a demon that is so fat that even if their weapons cut into it, they cannot hurt it. The solution? One grabs the upper jaw, another grabs the lower, then they twist it inside out.
Lord Wyman Manderley, a highly rotund northern lord, survives a throat slash because of his corpulence. He sustains the injury after reveling a bit too much in his subtle punishment to the Freys.
There's also Strong Belwas, who, when fighting, lets each enemy cut his massive, scar-covered belly once before killing them. His fat also sort of served him as a protection when he ate a bowl of poisoned food intended for Daenerys. It would be lethal for a smaller person, but Belwas survived, though he became horribly ill and lost most of his weight. Fortunately, he is starting to recover.
In one of The Destroyer books, Chiun relates to Remo the legend of how the sumo came to be: as a bodyguard group for somebody who expected a Master of Sinanju to come after him, with the fat a specific defense against the art's ludicrously powerful Pressure Point techniques. Not that it did him any good, but as a remembrance one part of the test for mastery in Sinanju requires the student to defeat a sumo in a ritual match. Remo is undergoing such a match while Chiun tells him the story (interspersed with telling him the rules of a sumo match, which happen to negate all of the easy ways Remo could win it).
Star Wars Expanded Universe: In both Canon and Legends, Hutts - a species of giant slugs with arms and a toad-like head - are typically portrayed as fat and having their minions doing their dirty work for them. Both continuities show that the fat isn't all flab, but also muscle and cushioning. As such, Hutts are very hard to kill by conventional methods, with them even being able to shrug off blaster bolts (and in Legends, this also makes them unappetizing to eat for large creatures). The Hutts didn't become some of the most notorious crime lords in the galaxy by throwing money at people alone (otherwise, the bipeds would have just robbed them, and Hutts are Faster Than They Look). In the canon novel, Bloodline, Leia earned the name "Huttslayer" from killing Jabba because of how difficult killing a Hutt by strangling him with a metal chain would normally be for a human. It's also revealed that Leia was able to do so by unconsciously tapping into the Dark Side of the Force for a strength boost.
Live-Action TV
Mad Men mentions a fat girl in Sally's class whom the other kids poke with pencils because they think she can't feel it.
MythBusters tested the viability of this against bullets in their second "What is bulletproof?" special. When using a layer of fat equivalent to what the fattest man their researchers could come up with would have had protecting his vital organs as a baseline, the bullet went right through both the layer of fat and the simulate for the internal organs. The MythBusters thus conclude that fat could eventually stop a bullet, but not in anything human.
In an episode of Manswers revealed you need to be over 1000lbs for your fat to be able to stop a bullet from killing you.
Myth & Religion
In The Bible, Eglon, the king of Moab, gets stabbed by an Israelite in an assassination attempt. He's so fat that the Israelite pushes the sword into him, blade, hilt and all, and it doesn't come out the back. (Judges 3:12) He still dies, though.
A disadvantage of same name in Savage Worlds gives you notable amounts of all-important stamina at the cost of movement speed. Some builds can really abuse that.
The Grael from 50 Fathoms, being a race of seal-people, have a natural layer of blubber, which is thick enough to act as armour.
A scenario for the Judge Dredd RPG had literal Kevlard in a new variant of Boing! (a type of very resilient rubber plastic you could encase yourself in then bounce improbably far and fast) called Spunng! being developed. It consisted of a drug that when ingested converted all subcontaneous fat to a type of Boing! - a group of four really fat guys take it and go on a crime spree - flattening anyone who gets in their way by bouncing into them at high speed with bullets just bouncing out of their Spunng! enhanced bodies. However Spunng! was highly flammable rendering them very vulnerable to incendiary (if not bounced out), high explosive or laser fire.
Fatty zombies in Zombicide are zombies who, by virtue of being fat, take much more punishment than your average walker or runner zombie.
Warhammer and Warhammer 40,000: Servants of Nurgle tend towards this, their bodies growing massively obese and filled with cancerous growths that block damage and even regenerate their wounds. Although in their case the fat is practically incidental; their resilience comes from the difficulty of doing enough damage to them for it to actually be worse than their usual rotting-alive state.
Left 4 Dead provides a surpising subversion: while the heavily-muscled and aptly named Tank has the highest health, the next largest of the infected cast, the Boomer, has the lowest health. Pretty much justified by the fact that he serves as the suicide bomber of the group, deals the most claw damage, and is mostly combustable gas under all that fat.
The Adjudicator in Demon's Souls qualifies, although the Meat Cleaver stuck in his chest was a pretty good indicator of where you had to hit him.
Super Punch-Out!! (arcade) introduces Bear Hugger, a fat boxer who is immune to body blows; punching him in the stomach will just cause him to stick his tongue out at you, and you have to take him down with punches to the head.
In the SNES version, Bear Hugger is vulnerable in the midsection when he taunts you; hitting him at the right time will stun him. Mad Clown in the SNES version is another fat boxer who plays similarly to Bear Hugger. They'll both shrug off body blows in most cases.
In the Wii version, Bear Hugger actually takes some slight damage when punched in the belly, but it's still a better strategy to go for the face.
Inverted with King Hippo in the NES and Wii games as his big belly is his weak spot. In the Wii game's Title Defense mode, he even tapes a manhole cover over it.
Bob from Tekken purposely gained weight so he could have this advantage.
Temperance (a morbidly obese zombie) from House of the Dead 4. Even though you could actually stop him from attacking you by shooting his head, it was impossible to do any real damage to him via your bullets. You had to drop a clock on his head to beat him.
Team Fortress 2: Downplayed: the Heavy Weapons Guy has both the biggest girth and the most hit points of the nine classes, but he's also one of the only two classes wearing body armor in-game.
In the second and third What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? games, "Fat" monsters can evolve if you starve some of your monsters to death. Fat Lizardmen, in particular, are incredibly durable compared to the garden variety lizardmen, with nearly double the amount of hit points and defense.
In reference to Heart's example, fat enemies in Fist of the North Star: Ken's Rage have a separate health track representing their bulk that must be depleted before they can actually be harmed.
This is how Bear Druids, in World of Warcraft, fulfill their tanking role. Other tanks have shields and weapons to block and parry oncoming attacks. Bear Druids have neither, but have substantially more armor rating (especially through talents like "Thick Hide") and health points in order to simply soak up the damage. Oh, and to do this, they literally become bears.
Overwatch plays with this trope in a very literal way with Roadhog: He's a comically oversized guy who only wears shoulder armor. Despite this, he's tied with a Mini-Mecha for highest innate health at 600. The other Tanks, men, women and gorillas in Powered Armor, have about 500 health that's supplanted by Shields (which regenerate when out of combat) or Armor (which has damage mitigation).
The Lard powerup in The Binding of Isaac makes Isaac fat, and raises his maximum HP. In addition, the variants of the "Fatty" enemy have large health pools compared to other enemies found on their floors, and Fat Bats are much tankier than the standard bats. The bosses Mega Fatty, The Cage, and Sisters Vis have tremendous amounts of health compared to other bosses of similar difficulty, and are all morbidly obese.
Black Bull in Shadow the Hedgehog is an enormous, flying beast with one eye and several layers of blubbery fat. Attacking its eye is the surest way to bring it down, as its fat makes it mostly impervious to damage. (Mostly because attacking its body still causes damage, but at a slower rate than attacking its eye.)
The most specific example in Pokémon is the "Thick Fat" Ability, which halves any Fire or Ice damage the user takes.
In general, heftier-looking Pokemon tend to have higher base HP, notable examples including Snorlax, Slaking, Hariyama, Emboar, and Wailord. In a partial subversion, they don't always have the defenses to back that up (or at least specialize in only one type of defense, such as Snorlax, who's great at standing up to special attacks, but not so much to physical ones).
In Dungeon Keeper, Bile Demons are so obese they're spherical, in the sequel take up 4 tiles in a Lair where most creatures take one, eat a lot, and are very slow. However their health is miles beyond any other creature you can access without advanced buildings, and they're immune to slap damage.
The Large Body and Fat Bandit heartless in the Kingdom Hearts series are immune to most physical attacks from the front because of their belly fat.
One of the effects you can get in Kingdom of Loathing via a Crimbo skill is "A Few Extra Pounds", which adds extra HP depending on your level.
Planescape: Torment has "The Stone Gullet of L'Phall The Gross" - which has the backstory that L'Phall was a respected, but obese professor. At a banquet, some folks decided to play a practical joke on him by slipping some Flesh to Stone potion in his wine, intending to turn him back after they had a good laugh. Hours later, L'Phall complained of stomach pain - it turned out that he ate so much at the banquet that it diluted the potion, and only turned his stomach to stone. He lived for many years after that, and his stone gullet was removed after his death as a curiousity. The Nameless One can eat it (it has the consistency of stale bread) to gain some resistance to (stomach) acid.
OFF has the third guardian, Enoch, who has thick enough fat to make attacking him straight on completely and utterly useless, and even when you manage to find how to hurt him, he still has ridiculous health, losing only to the Queen and a Bonus Boss in sheer tankiness.
Fat zombies in The Last Stand: Union City are three to four times as tough as regular zombies. It makes no difference on how fast they can run either.
The Fatal Fury series has Cheng Sinzan, who blocks attacks with his large belly.
In For Honor, the samurai Heavy class, the Shugoki, is a massive sumo-style warrior who is noticeably overweight. The Shugoki's defensive bonus manifests in the form of an Uninterruptable Stance: the first hit a Shugoki takes doesn't stagger him the way other characters are outside of certain special moves or combos, which allows them to punish overly aggressive opponents with a mighty strike from their spiked kanabo. However, subsequent hits while this "hyperarmor" is down deal increased damage, forcing the Shugoki to time their slow attacks with it. While his Uninterruptible Stance is up, the Shugoki also takes a 90% damage reduction, meaning that they can shrug off attacks that would kill literally any other character in the game, including direct hits from catapults.
The "Big Ben" class of enemies in Streets of Rage have big beer bellies and can knock you down with a big backhanded slap or curling into a ball and rolling into you. Because they're so fat, they have more health than most average mooks.
Klumps in Donkey Kong Country are fat Kremlings that have a big gut and cannot be defeated with a Goomba Stomp by Diddy Kong due to him being too light to do so. Donkey Kong can stomp on them with no trouble since he's heavier and stronger than Diddy.
Web Comics
In Problem Sleuth, Ace Dick's "Auto-parry" technique involves taking the attack in the gut. It's still incredibly painful, but doesn't result in the loss of any Gumption Wafers
Sawbuck of the Felt from Homestuck can take a lot of damage, and hops through time every time he's hit by something.
Fairy Dust's trolls often survive gunfights because it's hard to aim for one's center of mass when one's mass is all over the place.
Zukahnaut's protagonist survived a hail of small arms fire unscathed after the bullets bounced off his rotund body.
Web Original
According to SOTF-TV'slore one of the previous winners of a season was one Archibald "Archie" Stewart, who took a ridiculous amount of punishment over his run. The official explanation was that the layer of fat he had on him lessened the impact of what appeared to be grievous injuries. Subverted/deconstructed, when after he won he was unable to leave the shopping mall he was fighting in due to the cumulative amount of injuries and had a near-death experience in the hospital.
The super-strong teenage supervillain Bouncer in the Global Guardians PBEM Universe is nearly eight feet tall and weighs close to 800 pounds, most of it fat. He's also nearly impossible to hurt because of the bodyfat he carries around.
In "King-Size Homer," Homer successfully stops a nuclear meltdown with his morbid obesity.
Bart: I find it ironic that for once Dad's butt prevented the release of toxic gas.
And in "Homer the Smithers" when the two titular characters get into a fistfight, Smithers' fist gets stuck in Homer's stomach, which prompts Homer to laugh and push Smithers' head. Until he gets angry and bites, at which point they both separate.
SheZow: SheZow temporarily develops this power when she becomes overweight in "She Phat"; being able to bounce Señor Yo-Yo's yo-yos off her fat.
As a general rule for any combat before the advent of firearms, an inch of fat could mean the difference between survival or having an organ ruptured.
The Gladiator Games of Ancient Rome. Despite the Sword & Sandal stereotype of relatively lean, muscular gladiators, historic gladiators lived on fat-building diets. The layer of fat helped protect them from the bloody, slicing wounds that audiences loved.
That's one hypothesis, at least. The other, backed by the Roman love of realistic art, is that gladiators ran about the same spectrum of body types as modern power-lifters, and that their grain- and legume-heavy diet was simply the cheapest way to provide a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
Pretty much the whole point of Sumo wrestling of Japan; beneath the "fat", the wrestlers are built with raw muscles and strict diet.
A lot of polar creatures have a thick layer of blubber under their skin to handle the cold climate better. The walrus's blubber, helped in part by its thick hide, is thick enough to withstand several tuskings from rival walruses and stand a better chance against polar bears.
In 2008, an obese Australian woman was infected with necrotizing fasciitis, AKA flesh-eating bacteria, a deadly infection that rapidly destroys tissue and can kill within hours. She survived in part because her extra fat gave her more flesh the bacteria could destroy before it would kill her.
Fat provides padding, preventing your bones from always rubbing up against hard objects in the environment. Without a little bit of fat, just sitting down would be uncomfortable, which is why skinny people dislike sitting on hard chairs even more than usual. Internal pads of fat also cushion some joints, organs such as the kidneys, and the eyeballs. Losing too much weight too fast can actually be life-threatening, as the kidneys can droop downward so much that it hampers the flow of blood and urine in and out of them (nephroptosis).
Seemed to prove true for a time in one murder case where a man tried to kill his morbidly obese wife and ended up stabbing her 12 times before his short knife finally hit something vital.
Pigs are sometimes believed to be immune to snake venom. In reality, they are as vulnerable as anyone. However, since the venom is only lethal when getting into the blood, this trope provides pigs with considerable immunity to snake bites.
Video Example(s):
Mr. Heart
In the Fist of the North Star movie, Heart, a henchmen of Jagi, uses his fat to block the attacks of martial artists. Unfortunately for him, Kenshiro knows the Hokuto Juu Hazan (North Star Soft Ripping Slash) technique, which moves his fat so his pressure points are accessible.
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Mr. Heart
In the Fist of the North Star movie, Heart, a henchmen of Jagi, uses his fat to block the attacks of martial artists. Unfortunately for him, Kenshiro knows the Hokuto Juu Hazan (North Star Soft Ripping Slash) technique, which moves his fat so his pressure points are accessible.
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This is the first in a series on routine maintenance. These posts will cover basic maintenance that applies to all trucks.
Trucks of all varieties need regular maintenance
The Ford Super Duty is no exception. Our customer with a 2003 6.0 super duty came in with the request to change his alternator. When we double-checked the volts on the alternator with our multimeter, the results were obvious, this truck was in need of an alternator. The alternator should be putting out more volts than the battery has, in order to keep the battery charged. If the alternator is generating the same or less than the battery charge, then it is time to change the alternator. Other signs that it is time to change the alternator are:
A red warning light on dash
Intermittent red warning light on dash
Dim lights- most often you will notice the headlights are dim, sometimes the interior lights will also dim
Slow cranking
Dead batteries
Before replacing the alternator the battery charge must be 12.5 volts. The alternator acts as a voltage maintainer, it is not a battery charger. If your battery is dead to begin with you will over work the brand new alternator, or it may not work at all!
The voltage regulator (a component of the alternator) needs to be controlling the voltage output between 13.5 and 14.2 volts with the engine on and no load. This range will ensure your battery is charged correctly. Another cause to replace your alternator would be if the voltage regulator is overcharging your batteries, causing them to spew acid. In this case the readings on the alternator would register over 14.5 volts.Nearly all vehicles run on a 12 Volt system and the above standards apply, including all size trucks, semis, cars, motorcycles and boats.Updated 2/21/14
If your wiring is hooked up backwards it can cause serious damage to your vehicle, and possibly harm you! Not too long ago we had a customer call us after her 2006 Dodge 2500 truck starting smoking when she hooked up her trailer. After a little investigation we found the wiring to the trailer battery was hooked up backwards. One easy mistake can cause several thousands of dollars in damage!
The entire wiring harness removed from the truck- front end on left side.
When the battery was replaced the wires to the trailer plug were re-installed backwards. This ground out the plug and shorted the wires. The wires got extremely hot and melted down part of the fender.
The entire main wire harness had to be removed and replaced- that's no little task! The steering wheel, fender (obviously) and gas tank even had to be removed to gain access to areas the harness tied into the truck.
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Canara Bank PO Previous Papers are available on the official site www.canarabank.in, Candidates, who are applying for the Canara bank probationary officer (PO) Jobs can download the Canara Bank PO Question Papers 2018 PDF along with Answer Keys on the official site. For more details refer to the official site.
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Canara bank probationary officer question Papers: Essentially, any department or organization release the previous papers in order to make the aspirants let know the exam pattern. The main concept of to release the previous papers are candidates to understand the exam pattern and what type of questions they ask. Because the aspirants may weak in some section and strong in other. Candidates, who want to score more marks mustfollow the Canara Bank PO previous papers released by the officials along with Canara Bank PO Syllabus. By practicing the previous papers applicants easily earn the cut-off marks and qualify the written test
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Check Out Canara bank probationary officer previous papers: If you are applying for Canara bank PO Job notification and you want to get the job in that department. Don’t worry. First, you might follow the syllabus and previous papers on the official site. The official site was release subject wise detail syllabus and Canara Bank PO Question Paper 2018 PDF. If you know about the syllabus and exam pattern easily attempt the exam. In the case, without knowing the exam pattern it is a difficult task to written the test. Our site provides the best material for bank exams. These materials are very useful for the applied candidates. Candidates, clear your doubts by viewing our site www.jobschat.in
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Teen charged in bus shooting remains on house arrest
When 20 school children were shot and killed in Newtown, Conn. last Friday morning, few people in South Florida felt the pain as deeply in her heart as Ady Guzman-DeJesus.
Exactly a month ago, Guzman-DeJesus, just like many of the Connecticut parents, sent her daughter off to school. And hours, later, her daughter, 13, was fatally shot by a young man wielding a gun that had been stored in his mother’s Homestead home.
“I was in the car when I heard about the shootings on the radio,” Guzman-DeJesus recalled. “Everything just came back to me. I began crying and shaking so badly that my friend had to come and help me out of my car.’’
Guzman-DeJesus said she posted some condolences on Sandy Hook Elementary school’s Facebook page.
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Guzman-DeJesus, in Miami-Dade court Thursday, wept at the memory, as prosecutors agreed to allow her daughter’s shooter, 15-year-old Jordyn Alexander Howe, to be released from juvenile detention where he had been held since the Nov. 20 killing. Howe, who did not appear in court, was ordered to remain on house arrest, monitored by an ankle device, pending his next hearing set for Jan. 23.
Lourdes Guzman-DeJesus, whose nickname was “Jina,” was killed when Howe packed a .40-caliber pistol in his backpack and took it out on the school bus transporting kids to three charter schools in Southwest Miami-Dade. The gun went off, striking Lourdes in the neck. Howe, a student at Somerset Academy Silver Palms, faces charges of manslaughter and carrying a concealed weapon.
The incident happened as the bus was driving children near SW 296 Street and SW 137 Avenue in Homestead. Lourdes, a student at Palm Glades Preparatory Academy, was shot in front of her 7-year-old sister. About seven other students were on the bus when the gun went off, police said.
Prosecutors on Thursday asked the judge for 30 additional days to decide whether to charge Howe as an adult. Judge Richard Hersch agreed to the extension, warning Howe’s public defender that if the teen violated the terms of his release, he would be taken into custody.
Miami-Dade police detectives continue their investigation. After the shooting, they said it appeared that Howe had taken the gun from his parents’ closet and had brought it to school at least once before. The day of the shooting, he was on the bus, showing the gun to another student when it suddenly discharged. Thus far, no charges have been brought against his parents.
Under Florida’s Child Access Prevention Law, it is a felony for a gun owner to leave a firearm where a child can access it, brandish it in public or use it to harm another person.
Gun law expert Jon Gutmacher said that by the time a child is 15, however, they are old enough to know not to bring a gun to school.
“It’s obviously a tragedy. You have a child who takes possession of a highly dangerous instrument. He knows he’s committing a crime and knows it at that age. A weapon doesn’t fire itself. It’s a .40-caliber semi-automatic… and it takes somebody to pull the trigger,’’ said Gutmacher, an NRA firearms trainer and attorney.
However, sources close to the case said Howe had a younger sibling in the home. Gutmacher said if there is a child under the age of 12 in the home, parents should have had the gun locked in a safe.
Howe’s family thus far have declined comment on the case. The gun allegedly was owned by Howe’s stepfather.
“This gun was not in a secure place, there is a younger child in that house, and the parents had the responsibility to keep that gun locked up,’’ said DeJesus family spokesman Ron Book, a lobbyist and child-safety advocate.
“A lot of people are talking around the country today about added laws that ought to be passed,’’ he said.
“But we’ve got laws in place that should have protected this parent and her children and we expect justice to be done and for him to be charged as an adult.’’
Ady Guzman-DeJesus said she believes that God will guide investigators to do the right thing. But, she said, she believes the boy who killed her daughter should be punished.
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Abhyanga/Traditional Ayurvedic Massage
Abhyanga is a holistic healing and detox massage using medicated herbal oils which heals and detoxifies the Mind, Body and Soul.
Warm medicated aromatic oils are chosen according to your Dosha type and imbalance to aid in healing and detoxing. Each Abhyanga is tailored according to your Dosha type and techniques are used to work along energy channels of your body helping to restore vital energy.
Using warm oils releases physical, mental and spiritual toxins plus deeply penetrates into the muscles and cells, hence it heals on a cellular level and detoxifies. Abhyanga is also designed to nourish the body with its healing touch and warm oils and promotes healthy joints and circulation.
Benefits of Abhyanga:
- Rejuvenates the whole body
- Nourishes the mind and body
- Restores balance in the mind, body and soul helping to relieve stress
- Increases longevity
- Detoxifies the body on all levels
- Calms the nerves and benefits sleep
Each Abhyanga begins with a short consultation so that I can plan an appropriate Abhyanga for you. Also included with your treatment is an anointment of the 7 Sacred points, Ohm chanting (optional) and ends with the healing sound of a singing bowl.
Gift Vouchers available.
Contact Vita Sana Wellness
Other products and services from Vita Sana Wellness
Ayurvedic Relaxation Massage is a restorative treatment, incorporating many Traditional Ayurvedic Massage techniques such as cupping, wringing and squeezing which help to awaken the body and release any pain or tension through the fingers and toes.
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Image caption
The measures are aimed at improving services and support for armed forces personnel and veterans
The Scottish government has announced measures to improve the well-being of service personnel and veterans.
They include new houses in Glasgow with support for veterans living there.
The way former service men and women are recorded on GP records will also be improved.
Minister for Veterans Keith Brown, himself a Falklands War veteran, has published a paper setting out the measures the government is pledged to implement.
The government has already allowed service personnel to apply for social housing before they leave the forces.
Now it will build a unit of 50 homes in Glasgow's Cranhill district where former servicemen and women will also have access to outreach support to help them adjust to civilian life.
Bravery and loyalty
The homes, being constructed by the Scottish Veterans' Housing Association at a cost of £6.5m, will be ready by the end of 2013.
The Scottish government is providing £2.3m towards the overall cost of the project.
We will continue to develop, deliver and implement innovative policies to support this dedicated group of men and womenKeith Brown, Minister for Veterans
The Armed Forces Commitments Paper also addresses the medical needs of former service personnel who may have mental health issues, addiction or suicide concerns.
GP records will be improved to ensure doctors can identify service-related conditions.
Launching the paper at Edinburgh Castle, Mr Brown said the bravery, loyalty and professionalism of Scotland's servicemen and women deserved the government's wholehearted care and support.
He said :"This commitments paper sets out our obligations to serving personnel, their families, reservists, veterans and the bereaved and how we will continue to meet these.
"With input from partner organisations like Veterans Scotland, we will continue to develop, deliver and implement new and innovative policies to support this dedicated group of men and women."
Among other pledges are examining how the NHS can provide the best support possible for family members when reservists are away on operations and encouraging more injured service personnel to take up sport and potentially get involved with events such as the Paralympics.
Immense sacrifice
Veterans' charities have welcomed the commitments announced which they said would allow them to ensure help and support are available to those who have served in the armed forces.
Martin Gibson, of Veterans Scotland, said: "The coherence of the paper's policies will allow Veterans Scotland and the military charities to work in a well defined arena which will go a significant way to ensuring that help and support will be available to our veterans wherever it is needed."
The Rt Hon Donald Wilson, Lord Lieutenant, Lord Provost of the City of Edinburgh and Veterans Champion, said: "Edinburgh has a long and proud tradition of honouring its military service personnel and veterans for the immense sacrifice they make day in and day out to keep this country and its people safe.
"Sending people to war is a huge responsibility but supporting them when they return is just as important.
"In my role as Veterans Champion for Edinburgh, I will work closely with the Scottish government on fulfilling the commitments set out in this paper."
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Subject: File No. S7-42-10 - Comment from Hope Law
February 10, 2012
Dear SEC Commissioners,
Please do not give in to industry pressures on Section 1504 of the Dodd-Frank Act (the Cardin-Lugar Amendment) - and make sure that ALL companies are covered, every country and every project gets reported, and loopholes that would allow large sums of money to go unreported are closed.
My Comment:
I do work in Sierra Leone West Africa every year and we are starting to see the big oil companies coming into the country. Please do not let it be like the Diamond Mining and only a very small % goes to the people who risk their lives. Please put a check on these companies from coming in third world countries and bleeding them once again. These people need your voice to make a difference in their lives. Thank you!
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Can You Get HPV From Oral Sex?
The famous actor Michael Douglas is in remission from stage IV throat cancer that he at first announced was due to the human papilloma virus, specifically HPV 16 and oral sex. Of late, though, has recanted that statement saying that his particular cancer was due to other reasons.
This has caused a lot of confusion for those wanting clearer answers on the risks associated with oral sex and the transmission of this aggressive virus.
There are several strains of HPV that can be transmitted from one person to another. Some strains cause genital warts, some cause cervical abnormalities or cervical cancer while others, potentially in a case such as Michael Douglas described, cause throat cancer.
This Article
For most women this virus is associated with abnormal Pap smear results. This is the reason for regular screenings. It is reported that 50-80 percent of sexually active people have the HPV virus even with normal Pap tests or no symptoms of warts. The reason for this is that HPV is transmitted from skin-to-skin contact.
This means that actual intercourse does not have to occur to contract the virus nor does there have to be an exchange of fluids. Therefore in throat cancer, transmission is through mouth and genital contact.
Throat cancer can result from other factors besides HPV, such as tobacco (smoking and chewing), alcohol consumption, poor diet high in charred meat/red meat, and certain carcinogenic chemicals.
Symptoms often include a cough, pain in the throat, sensation of a lump in the throat, clearing the throat often, painful or sore tongue, change in voice (usually hoarse or lower voice), difficulty swallowing food or drink, and possibly bleeding in the throat or mouth that is ongoing for several weeks.
Diagnosis is typically done with a scope and biopsy. Unlike HPV of the cervix which can affect a woman from their first sexual skin-to-skin experience, throat cancer is often diagnosed in those older than 50 and is more common in men.
We value and respect our HERWriters' experiences, but everyone is different. Many of our writers are speaking from personal experience, and what's worked for them may not work for you. Their articles are not a substitute for medical advice, although we hope you can gain knowledge from their insight.
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This is the blog of Abhijit Bhaduri the author of the novel Mediocre But Arrogant and now the soon-to-be published sequel titled Married But Available (another M-B-A)! It is a funny story of how an unambitious undergrad from Delhi Univ lands up in the highly competitive Management Institute of Jamshedpur (MIJ), India. How the two years in B-School change him, his dreams and his relationships. MARRIED BUT AVAILABLE is about the first decade that Abbey spends in corporate India.
Saturday, September 24, 2005
The First Reading in US at Gautam and Ipsita's
It was a lovely setting. Candles and soft music set the mood for the evening. It certainly helps that Ipsita is a very talented architect and interior designer. Gautam and Ipsita Goswami had chosen their living room area to create a great setting for a storytelling session. Gautam (an IIT and IIM-A alumnus and now a Prof at a Business School in New York) had already raced through most of the book earlier. He set the mood by sharing his perspective of the story and what he found interesting about the book. The smell of rain was still fresh in the air as we all huddled around on floor wrapped in sheets and rugs and talked about the book and our times in the college till the wee hours of the morning.Thank you Gautam and Ipsita for making the first reading so memorable.
No comments:
Abhijit Bhaduri
About Me
Abhijit Bhaduri is the Chief Learning Officer of Wipro Ltd and is based out of Bangalore,India. He did his Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Economics from Shri Ram College of Commerce, India and Post Graduation in Human Resources from Xavier Labour Relations Institute, Jamshedpur, India. He also has a Bachelors degree in Law from the University of Delhi. He loves theatre and has acted in plays staged in India, Kuala Lumpur and US.
He hosted a popular radio show in US, about classic Hindi movies and film music. The ever popular B School novel - MEDIOCRE BUT ARROGANT is his debut novel. The sequel MARRIED BUT AVAILABLE has also been featured in several bestseller lists.
He can be reached at [email protected]
Visit his webpage at http://abhijitbhaduri.com/
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Blog Comments
I've made several scarf/necklace/cowl thingies like this one: http://www.kirstenjohnstone.com/asse...p/sevencircle/, both for myself and for friends. Super easy to make. Usually I will then seam the two flat edges to make a nice surface for the neckline, but that's optional. Great way to use a skein of really pretty hand-dyed yarn!
Jodyma! Can you give us a better description or a line drawing? Many years ago I made yarn necklaces that were made from 8 or 9 different yarns wrapped around nails, which were in a board approx 30 inches long. The board was about 2 inches wide with four nails - two at the top about 1 1/2 inches apart and 2 at bottom (same distance). You wrapped your yarns around the nails, tied each end with a matching piece of yarn with long ends, I believe that you then doubled it over, put large bead caps on each end and then a clasp of some king. I later changed the clasps to magnetic clasps as they are easier for me.
If this is similar to what you are looking for PM me and I will show you a photo of the necklaces. I do have to say that they do NOT look crocheted.
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Heat Reducing Bulkhead Penetration
Heat reducing bulkhead penetrations are especially designed to lead the exhaust gas pipe watertight through bulkheads or decks. By using special insulation material, we prevent the heat from flowing into the ship’s structure. These bulkhead penetrations are designed with (relatively) small dimensions, therefore providing better and easier built-in possibilities.
Heat Reducing Flexible Bulkhead Penetration
Heat reducing flexible bulkhead penetrations are especially designed to lead the exhaust gas pipe watertight and flexible through bulkheads or decks. The rubber parts prevent the vibrations from moving from the exhaust gas pipe into the ship’s structure. By using special insulation material, we avoid that the heat from the exhaust gas pipe flows into the rubber parts.
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27 Feb Copisa among the first five tenderers of the Ministry of Development. Spain
Copisa among the first five tenderers of the Ministry of Development. The results of 2017 show the dispersion of contracting of public works, that breaks with the belief that the market is divided among the six major groups in the sector. Special mention should be made of the presence of construction companies such as Sando and Copisa, which occupy the fourth and fifth place in the ranking, respectively.
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In the past week, his Twitter messages have been read aloud by his Cabinet ministers at televised events. At one event Friday, Chavez's supporters responded with shouts of "Onward, Comandante!"
In several Twitter messages Saturday, Chavez urged his party to mobilize "toward the big victory of Oct. 7" in the election. Another said: "Comrades you make me happy! Let's keep fighting very hard to defeat the bourgeoisie! A downpour is falling over Havana, and I'm with you!"
Chavez's online messages aim to "make it appear that the president is active, that the president is in control of what's going on in Venezuela," said Jose Vicente Carrasquero, a political science professor at Venezuela's Simon Bolivar University.
Carrasquero, a government critic, said that while Chavez has been coping with illness, long-standing problems such as rampant crime, inflation and sporadic shortages of some food items are going unresolved.
Without Chavez on the air, state television has instead shown a salsa concert, documentaries and a Mass. Such programs and newscasts are interspersed with a short segment showing a healthy Chavez embracing children in slow motion against a background of folk music.
Columnist Fausto Maso wrote in the newspaper El Nacional that "never has the uncertainty been greater in Venezuela."
Pro-Chavez lawmaker Dario Vivas dismissed concerns about Chavez keeping a lower profile, saying the president remains fully in charge and is regaining his health.
"The same people who complain that he talks a lot are the ones who get panicked when they don't hear him," Vivas said.
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July 14, 2015
An unhealthy, persistent or irrational
fear of God is a specific phobia that can cause a great deal of distress to the
sufferer and his loved ones.
This is an anxiety condition that can
greatly impact the quality of life of the sufferer: lost opportunities, poor
grades or performance at work, lack of promotions, degrading health can all
result from this phobia.
Causes:
A real-life childhood experience: bad
grades, death of a loved one following a bad conduct might be linked to “God’s
wrath or bad karma”. Mild cases of childhood theophobia generally go away by
the age of six. However, some persist well into adulthood.
| 648 |
Hot Topics:
Vikings deny Texans home-field advantage
Peterson rushes for 86 yards in upset win
Associated Press
Posted:
12/23/2012 10:07:29 PM MST
Updated:
12/23/2012 10:07:43 PM MST
HOUSTON -- The Minnesota Vikings don't need record-setting days from Adrian Peterson to stay in the playoff race.
Peterson rushed for 86 yards, falling far short of the 2,000-yard mark, yet helped the Vikings (9-6) keep their postseason chances alive with a 23-6 upset of the Texans on Sunday. Christian Ponder threw a touchdown pass, Toby Gerhart added a score and Blair Walsh kicked three field goals as the Vikings won their third straight.
The win raises the stakes for the Vikings, who host Green Bay next Sunday in the regular-season finale.
"We obviously have a big one next week, and if we don't win that one, this one doesn't mean anything," Ponder said. "Our No. 1 goal is to make the playoffs."
The loss kept the Texans (12-3) from clinching home-field advantage throughout the AFC playoffs. They would still claim home-field advantage with a win next week at Indianapolis.
"Very disappointing because we had a chance to line up here and get something done today," coach Gary Kubiak said. "That doesn't mean we still can't get it done. That's the most important thing."
Peterson had his lowest rushing total since getting 79 yards on Oct. 14 in a loss at Washington, breaking a streak of eight 100-yard games.
He has 1,898 this season and needs 208 yards to break the NFL single-season rushing record held by Eric Dickerson. Minnesota coach Leslie Frazier said he took Peterson out late as a precaution because he has a sore abdomen.
Advertisement
"I'll get some rest and be ready to get a W and break that record," Peterson said.
Redskins 27, Eagles 20
PHILADELPHIA -- Counted out by their own coach six weeks ago, the Washington Redskins and Robert Griffin III are on the brink of their first division title in 13 years.
Griffin threw a pair of touchdown passes in his first game back from a knee injury, Kai Forbath set the NFL record for consecutive field goals to begin a career, and the Redskins held on to beat the Philadelphia Eagles 27-20 on Sunday for their sixth straight win.
Nick Foles drove the Eagles to the Washington 5 before his intentional grounding penalty ended the game.
Drew Brees threw for 446 yards and three touchdowns and led a drive to the winning kick. The Saints lucked out before the winning kick when a fumble by Marques Colston rolled forward about 20 yards to the Dallas 2. Jimmy Graham recovered.
Bengals 13, Steelers 10
PITTSBURGH -- Josh Brown kicked a 43-yard field goal with 4 seconds remaining to put Cincinnati in the playoffs and eliminate Pittsburgh from postseason contention.
Brown missed a 56-yarder earlier in the quarter, but earned a second chance when Reggie Nelson picked off Ben Roethlisberger and returned it to the Pittsburgh 46 with 14 seconds remaining. Andy Dalton hit A.J. Green for 21 yards on the next play, setting up Brown's game-winner to put the Bengals in the playoffs for consecutive years for the first times since 1981-82.
Dalton completed 24 of 41 for 278 yards and two interceptions for the Bengals (9-6), who snapped a five-game losing streak to Pittsburgh (7-8).
Colts 20, Chiefs 13
KANSAS CITY, Mo. -- Andrew Luck threw for 205 yards to break the single-season rookie record, and his touchdown pass to Reggie Wayne late in the fourth quarter put Indianapolis in the playoffs.
Luck surpassed Cam Newton's year-old record of 4,051 yards passing by a rookie in the second quarter, and then came through in the closing minutes. He marched Indy to the Chiefs 7, then found Wayne in the back of the end zone on third-and-goal for the go-ahead score.
It was the seventh time Luck has rallied his team to victory in the fourth quarter.
Ravens 33, Giants 14
BALTIMORE -- Joe Flacco threw for 309 yards and two touchdowns as Baltimore won the AFC North.
The Ravens (10-5) led 24-7 at halftime and cruised to the finish behind a short-handed defense that harassed quarterback Eli Manning and limited New York (8-7) to 186 yards.
Baltimore scored touchdowns on its first two possessions and amassed a season-high 533 yards -- including 289 in the first half alone. The victory ended a three-game skid for the Ravens and assured them of a home playoff game in the first weekend of January.
Charles Tillman returned an interception 10 yards for a score, the third pick he's brought back for a touchdown this season and the eighth overall by Chicago, one shy of the NFL record. Zack Bowman returned a fumble 1 yard for another Bears score.
Packers 55, Titans 7
GREEN BAY, Wis. -- Aaron Rodgers threw for three touchdowns and ran for another, Ryan Grant scored twice and Randall Cobb set a single-season franchise record for net yardage.
The victory ensured the Packers (11-4) will at least be the NFC's No. 3 seed.
McElroy, the third-stringer who was starting for the benched Mark Sanchez, moved the offense for the Jets (6-9) early but faced pressure all game.
Panthers 17, Raiders 6
CHARLOTTE, N.C. -- Cam Newton threw for 171 yards and a touchdown and ran for 60 yards and another score as Carolina won for the fourth time in its last five games.
The Panthers (6-9) held the Raiders to 189 total yards and 12 first downs in a game featuring several shoving matches, plenty of heated exchanges and six unnecessary roughness penalties -- including one that sidelined Oakland quarterback Carson Palmer for the day.
Bradford connected with Lance Kendricks on an 80-yard scoring play on the first play of the third quarter.
Dolphins 24, Bills 10
MIAMI -- Reggie Bush caught two touchdown passes and scored on a short run for Miami.
Six minutes after they won, the Dolphins (7-8) were eliminated from playoff contention when Cincinnati beat Pittsburgh.
Seahawks 42, 49ers 13
SEATTLE -- Russell Wilson threw four touchdown passes to move into second place for TD passes by a rookie, Marshawn Lynch scored twice, and led by their rocking crowd the Seattle Seahawks clinched a spot in the NFC playoffs with a rout of San Francisco.
Wilson threw TDs to Lynch, Anthony McCoy and two in the second half to Doug Baldwin to give him 25 for the season, one shy of Peyton Manning's record of 26.
The Boulder alt-country band gives its EPs names such as Death and Resurrection, and its songs bear the mark of hard truths and sin. But the punk energy behind the playing, and the sense that it's all in good fun, make it OK to dance to a song like "Death." Full Story
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I Always Think the Worst First
20 Nov 2008
This doesn't make sense to everyone, but even though I'm an optimist I always plan for the worst case scenario to happen. In fact, I expect it to. That way when it doesn't I feel like I'm the luckiest person on earth.
For instance - if I have to take my car in to the mechanic, I always assume it will take the entire amount (to the penny) of whatever we have in savings to fix it. That way when the mechanic calls and lists some amount that would normally cause my heart to completely stop, I feel like I got off easy.
Usually this helps me save my sanity. Today it made for some very amused conversation.
You see, as I was leaving my house to take daughter #2 to her swim team practice my cell phone rang. I did not recognize the number, and when I answered it I did not immediately recognize the voice.
Me: Hello?
Voice: Hello, is this Air Force Guy's Mother?
Me: What? [very long pause] NO! This is his wife!
At this point my mind went several places:
Place One: Did AFG forget to change his emergency notification when we got married multiple digit years ago?
Place Two: Do I sound like someone old enough to be AFG's mother? You've got to be kidding me! I sound old now, too?
Place Three: Is this some two-bit hussy trying to cause some issues? Because I know just how to deal with that!
As it turns out, the call was about any of that. You see, my son and AFG have the same first name. Although I didn't recognize her voice, the woman calling was my son's catechism teacher and she wanted to let me know CCD was cancelled for next week.
And if I were "normal" person who didn't always plan worst case scenarios, I probably would have figured that little fact out very quickly - it's just that I've never gotten a phone call for my son before! A quick explanation to the Catechist was in order, but luckily her husband is retired Army and she knew exactly what the communication issue was.
Apparently, the "hope for the best, plan for the worst" mindset is nothing new to military spouses, and we had quite a little laugh over it - especially the hussy part (the boy's catechist is quite a bit older than we are).
I'm thinking, though, to head off this particular problem in the future we should probably start calling my son by his nickname in public.
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OPINIONMovin' on up
by
Bret Stephems
|
January 19, 2018 at 1:47 a.m.
3comments
As tourist destinations go, the Republic of Moldova--tucked between Ukraine and Romania--probably isn't on anyone's bucket list. It's the poorest country in Europe, with per capita GDP barely exceeding Sudan's. Sex trafficking and organized crime are rampant.
My memories of the place, from a visit 17 years ago, include roads that vanished into deep snow, Transnistrian border guards in Soviet uniforms, and an impoverished Holocaust survivor's tale of a bleak life under Romanian, German and Soviet tyrants.
Let's not mince words: Moldova is a hole. Modify with any four letters you wish.
I mention Moldova because it's where my paternal grandfather was born in 1901. An anti-Semitic rampage in his hometown, Kishinev, soon forced his family to leave for New York, where my great-grandfather labored as a carpenter in the Brooklyn Navy Yard for $8 a week. Low skills, low wages, minimal English, lots of children and probably not the best hygiene--that's half of my pedigree. The other half consisted of refugees.
I'm not alone. America is a nation of holers. It is an improbable yet wildly successful experiment in the transformation--by means of hope, opportunity and ambition--of holers into doers, makers, thinkers and givers. Are you of Irish descent? Italian? Polish? Scottish? Chinese? Chances are your ancestors did not get on a boat because life in the old country was placid and prosperous and grandpa owned a bank. With few exceptions, Americans are the dregs of the wine, the chaff of the wheat.
Some of the fury--and most of the apologetics--surrounding the president's alleged remark about "all these people from s***hole countries" concerns the nature of the countries themselves. Liberals can be squeamish about calling poor countries bad names, while conservatives such as Mark Steyn chortle that "nobody voluntarily moves to Haiti." Which, let's be real, is basically right.
Yet that's beside the point. We are not talking about Haiti, El Salvador, Nigeria or any other country on the president's insult list. What counts are the people from these countries, both those who are already in the United States as well as those who wish to come. Why should the president think they are any less fit to become Americans than the Norwegians he seems to fancy?
The obvious answer is racism, the same "textbook" case that Paul Ryan spoke of in June 2016 after Trump called a federal judge's fitness into question on account of his ethnic heritage.
What about the argument that people from poor countries bring their national baggage with them--the dysfunctions and prejudices that help account for their troubles back home?
But immigrants are more likely to be fleeing those dysfunctions and prejudices than they are to be bringing them--just ask Dorsa Derakhshani, the international chess master from Iran who came to the United States last year because, as she wrote in an op-ed for the New York Times, the mullahs "cared more about the scarf covering my hair than the brain under it." Vietnamese boat people did not bring fratricidal hatreds with them to America. Soviet refuseniks did not bring a Soviet work ethic.
This should go without saying, except that the Age of Trump is also the age in which restatements of the obvious have become necessary for civilization. Also obvious is that immigrants don't steal jobs. They fill jobs Americans won't do or create those that haven't been invented. They don't bring crime to cities. They drive out crime by starting businesses and families in shrinking cities or under-served neighborhoods. They don't undermine American culture. They feed, enrich and re-invent it, not least through their educational ambitions for themselves and their children.
This is true of most immigrants, but perhaps more so of the so-called "holers." As Michelle Mittelstadt of the Migration Policy Institute notes, sub-Saharan Africans have "among the highest college-completion rates of any immigrant group." As for Haitians, MPI found they had a higher labor participation rate than the overall workforce and had median household incomes of $47,200--lower than the overall U.S. median but robust by any developed nation standard.
How can this be? It shouldn't be a mystery. Immigrants self-select. They have a broader perspective. They know their luck. They want it more. The miraculous in America is mostly invisible to those who've known nothing else. To really see it clearly, you must first rise up from a hole.
Donald Trump has not, to say the least, risen from a hole. But he is sinking into one. It may be that it won't damage him politically--Republican Party leaders, increasingly unshameable, will mumble mild disapproval until the news cycle turns--but it does damage the country. We have a president even more ignorant of America than he is of the rest of the world.
Maybe there really is something wrong with the president's head. Modify with any four letters you wish.
------------v------------
Bret Stephens is a New York Times columnist.
Editorial on 01/19/2018
Print Headline: Movin' on up
Comments
It is wholly fascinating to watch these repubs sell their souls to placate and enable trump. In any other administration, his rhetoric and past deeds would have been at the least disgraceful. Now the WSJ, you know, the Murdoch Journal, the guy who owns Fox News, is digging deeper into reports that trump and his minions (sorry, little guys) paid off a porn star not to come out publicly about her affair with Dear Leader to the tune of $130k. It gets better. Now they are tracking the money. Where's your coverage of that ADG. I'll get the popcorn.
In other trump administration racism connected news, Carl Higbie, a trump appointee, who among other things was in charge of the Peace Corps, resigned this week due to racist comments he made, some as recently as 2016. trump: making America white (and racist) again.
And in yet other news not found in the ADG, McClatchey News is reporting that Russian oligarch, Putin ally, and a figure with ties to Russian organized crime, Alexander Torshin, helped funnel money, possibly laundered, to the trump campaign through the NRA. The amount is believed to be $30 million. It was donated to trump through an arm of the NRA which is exempt from reporting campaign contributions. You know, because of Citizens United.
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At the intersection of bad movies and questionable politics, of horrid acting and insane conspiracies, lie Bad Fiction, the writings and rants of a 40-something screaming moderate with a taste for B movies.
| 206 |
SHAHROKH's Popularity and Statistics
SHAHROKH is the most popular 3331.st
name in USA (... 3329.ronaldo , 3330.tillman , 3331.shahrokh , 3332.harsha , 3333.jatin ...). One
in every 31,918 Americans is named
SHAHROKH and popularity of name SHAHROKH is 31.33 people per million.
If we compare the popularity statistics of
SHAHROKH to USA's population statistics, we can
estimate that as of February.21.2018 23:52 there
are 10,332 people named as SHAHROKH in the United
States and the number is increasing
by 82 people every year.
Usage of shahrokh as a first name is 90.91% and its usage as a middle name is 9.09%. The
sum of alphabetical order of letters
in SHAHROKH is 88 and this makes SHAHROKH arithmetic buddies with words like Plucky, Pragmatic, Jazzy, Obsessed, Pleasant, Terrific, Developed, Informal. Add "Courtesy
of PokeMyName.com' tag and feel free to distribute, copy, republish
this interesting, accurate and also useless report
about name SHAHROKH. :)
Interesting Writings of Name SHAHROKH
SHAHROKH in Braille (Blind) Alphabet :
SHAHROKH in Sign Language :
SHAHROKH in Morse Code :
........-.....-.----.-....
SHAHROKH in Marine Flag Language :
SHAHROKH as a Barcode:
SHAHROKH Compatibility & Rhymes Report
First Names which are compatible or rhyming with SHAHROKH. They will be the best brother/sister names for SHAHROKH.
Names That Includes SHAHROKH as a Whole
Compatible Names with SHAHROKH According to First Letters
Compatible Names According to First 7 Letters (SHAHROK) - Names That Begins with shahrok:
Compatible Names According to First 6 Letters (SHAHRO) - Names That Begins with shahro:
Compatible Names with SHAHROKH According to First and Last Letters
SHAHROKH Meaning
Name meanings are given in many internet websites and we focus on giving more interesting (and useless too!) information about names than meanings. But considering most of our visitors insist to see meaning of SHAHROKH in this page, we are giving you a google search box in which you can type "meaning of SHAHROKH" or "SHAHROKH+name+meaning" and find what you are looking for :)
Enter your search termsSubmit search form
Other Names which are Arithmetically
Compatible with SHAHROKH
SHAHROKH & Numerology
The sum of alphabetical order of letters
in SHAHROKH is 88:
S
H
A
H
R
O
K
H
TOTAL
19
8
1
8
18
15
11
8
88
With this sum name SHAHROKH ranks as 55118.th
name according to its arithmetic value (... 55116.remedios, 55117.brenton, 55118.shahrokh, 55119.pearson, 55120.moussa
...). There are 863
other names which have the same sum of 88
in our database (1.15%)
| 2,597 |
Ventres family collection, ca. 1890-2004 (bulk ca. 1880-1940)
Ventres family
Details
6 linear ft.
Chiefly photographs, including carte de visites, cabinet cards, and black and white photographs (ca. 1880-1985); together with correspondence, diaries, and ephemera relating to business and community organizations on Peaks Island (ca. 1910-1960).
Residents on Peaks Island and the village of Peaks Island (part of Portland), Me.; engaged in a variety of businesses and very active socially.
| 493 |
Final Judgment, Part 1
Hey, American Idol fans! Were one step closer this week as the 40 or so remaining contestants are whittled down to 24 or so. American Idol is two hours tonight, and a total of six hours next week, but on the upside, at least no one will accidentally watch Mobbed. ("At least they didnt call it Flashed!" - a mom).Jennifer wore her green sparkly dress this year (again?), and you just know she was saving it for the Green Mile episode. Oh, and this time they are surrounded by a LAKE OF FIRE. Two days before the final judgment, on January 19th (that is recent!), the remaining contestants arrived at The Wynn hotel to perform their solos. They were then "treated" to a performance of Le Reve by Cirque du Soleil, and would soon perform and discover results on the same gaudy stage.
Read more »
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Contract: MELTECH/W.M. SCHLOSSER, LLC B, JOINT VENTURE
Providing all plant, labor, material, equipment and transportation necessary to perform facility maintenance, alterations, repair and minor construction work in the Aberdeen and Edgewood areas of Aberdeen Proving Ground as well as various satellite off-po
| 311 |
Revamping the Job Descriptions
She went on to tell me a story about her meeting and how difficult it’s been for the meeting to find a clerk. Essentially, no one—and it’s a fairly good-sized group of people—will do it. Most can’t do it. For many Friends, either the particular conglomeration of skills is too much or the time requirement is overwhelming.
Let’s think about what a local meeting clerk is often asked to do:
1) Keep track of what’s going on in all meeting committees;
2) Serve as a center of communications for all meeting committees;
3) Ask, remind, and generally nag committee clerks for reports and other paperwork in time for those things to be added to the agenda;
4) Assemble an agenda for meetings for business, bearing in mind all of the various factors that go into questions like, “If I put item A before item B, will everyone be so distressed by item A that we can’t deal with item B?”
5) Sensitively anticipate a variety of potential reactions to the items on the business agenda and do the behind-the-scenes work of talking with Friends who might (either reasonably or unreasonably) need some conversation about the items ahead of time;
6) Appear on time and completely reliably for meetings for business, and listen intently the entire time without ever becoming distracted;
7) Introduce items of business, including their history;
8) Hear and articulate the sense of the meeting;
9) Sense the moments when the group needs silent worship or an opportunity to stretch, and call for these;
11) Occupy a visible leadership position (whether we call it that or not), which requires understanding the culture of the meeting, engaging with interpersonal dynamics, remaining reasonably impartial, being a listening ear for those who are troubled, and often figuring out how to respond to anything that’s “nobody’s job in particular.”
Now imagine asking a person with a full-time job, two children, and a hospitalized mother-in-law to serve in this position. Even if this Friend is almost super-humanly gifted and has an abundance of relevant experience—and neither of those things is terribly likely—the pressures of job and family make this a nearly impossible sell. It’s not just a matter of asking someone to give up leisure time; it’s a matter of asking someone to sacrifice time that is desperately needed for parenting, partnering, and caregiving. That is not okay.
The same thing happens on a wider scale. At a recent yearly meeting gathering, Friends struggled with a particular proposal that came from a small group that considers business on our behalf between sessions. The particulars of the proposal aren’t relevant to what I’m saying here, but for me, a startling moment came when one Friend rose and observed that “nearly person in the group proposing this is over sixty-five. And of course they are, because you only get to be a member of that group because you’re serving as a clerk of one of the large yearly meeting committees, and those clerking positions take so much time that it’s virtually impossible to do them unless you are retired.”
To that I would add and financially secure, and available for meetings in the middle of the day on a Tuesday, and able-bodied, and fluent in the English language (spoken and written), and capable of easily engaging with budgets, and knowledgeable about Quaker process as well as all of the quirks of our particular setting and history, and practiced in engaging with the dominant white culture of our organization.
Back to my friend: “I really liked that series on multiage inclusion, but I think you missed something…we need to be looking at the job descriptions.”
Somehow, we have it in our heads that the best approach to run a Quaker meeting is like a business. We design a system to serve the purpose of the organization, and then we slot people into the various positions that we’ve designed. We might occasionally cut or add or alter a job, should the purpose of the organization require it, but we continue to behave as though human resources (generally the nominating committee) is a separate department, and their responsibility is to staff the structure. This ignores the fact that we don’t have an entire world of applicants to choose from. It also ignores the spiritual principle that service to our communities—service from every Friend—is an important part of being a people.
Let’s take a look at a different kind of process.
Say that the First Friends’ Church needs a new clerk. But they’re committed to being as fully inclusive as possible, and besides, nobody will do it. So they sit down and make a list of each of their names. (My First Friends’ Church is going to be pretty small, for simplicity’s sake.)
Name
Randy
Jacqueline
Alejandro
Hector
Adriana
Fatoumata
Kristy
Ruben
Holly
Rosa
Their next step is to settle into worship sharing. They look at one name at a time and start naming gifts. They can do this because they pay attention to one another, and they’re reasonably familiar with the gifts that each community member carries.
Name
Spiritual Gifts and Skills We’ve Observed
Randy
– organized
– writes well
– plumbing
Jacqueline
– kind
– organized
Alejandro
– always helping people
– enthusiasm
– biology
Hector
– party planning
– observant
– gentle
Adriana
– natural sense of joy
– hospitality
– loves learning new things
Fatoumata
– prayer
– extremely friendly
Kristy
– open heart
– artist
– singer
Ruben
– long experience with Quaker process
– healer
– was clerk twenty years ago
Holly
– excellent listener
– good with technology
Rosa
– editing other people’s writing
– musician
– speaks well
– knows the neighborhood community
Not everything they’ve listed seems relevant right away. Does it matter that Randy understands plumbing when we’re trying to figure out what to do without a clerk? Maybe not, but it certainly can’t hurt anything.
The next step is to make a note of relevant life circumstances. Here, everyone—and especially the Friend being discussed—adds what seems needed.
Name
Spiritual Gifts and Skills We’ve Observed
Life Circumstances
Randy
– organized
– writes well
– plumbing
works alternating weekends but has many weekdays off
Jacqueline
– kind
– organized
doesn’t like speaking in front of groups
Alejandro
– always helping people
– enthusiasm
– biology
recently immigrated from Honduras, learning English
Hector
– party planning
– observant
– gentle
big project at work right now, very little time to spare—but it will be better in six months
Adriana
– natural sense of joy
– hospitality
– loves learning new things
is in seventh grade, weekday afternoons occupied by marching band, evenings with homework
Fatoumata
– prayer
– extremely friendly
recent thyroid cancer diagnosis (prognosis good)
Kristy
– open heart
– artist
– singer
new to Quakerism within the last year
Ruben
– long experience with Quaker process
– healer
– was clerk twenty years ago
struggling with mobility and hearing loss
Holly
– excellent listener
– good with technology
mother of three young children, working part-time, currently serving as recording clerk
Rosa
– editing other people’s writing
– musician
– speaks well
– knows the neighborhood community
mother of three young children, working full-time
It’s pretty easy to see why no one here is stepping up to serve as clerk. But let’s see what happens when the Friends talk the role through one responsibility at a time:
1) Keep track of what’s going on in all meeting committees; most of the committees meet on weekdays—could Randy do that?
2) Serve as a center of communications for all meeting committees; and it might make sense for Randy to take this one on as well
3) Ask, remind, and generally nag committee clerks for reports and other paperwork in time for those things to be added to the agenda; this requires a lot of emailing and converting files from one type to another, but it’s a time-flexible job, so maybe Holly…but she’s already serving as recording clerk and doesn’t feel like she can do both…hmm…
4) Assemble an agenda for meetings for business, bearing in mind all of the various factors that go into questions like, “If I put item A before item B on the agenda, will everyone be so distressed by item A that we can’t deal with item B?” Jacqueline’s very organized and could take this on; preparing the agenda doesn’t require speaking in front of groups
5) Sensitively anticipate a variety of potential reactions to the items on the business agenda and do the behind-the-scenes work of talking with Friends who might (either reasonably or unreasonably) need some conversation about the items ahead of time; Ruben can do this if Jacqueline calls him to make sure he knows what’s on the agenda ahead of time—he’s not so good with email
6) Appear on time and completely reliably for meetings for business, and listen intently the entire time without ever becoming distracted; Ruben is willing to do the clerking during the meetings, but he sometimes misses some of what is said, even if Friends are asked to speak loudly…but Adriana is willing to sit next to him and take notes on a large-screen laptop, so that will help!
7) Introduce items of business, including their history; Ruben can do this easily
8) Hear and articulate the sense of the meeting; again, Ruben and Adriana can work together
9) Sense the moments when the group needs silent worship or an opportunity to stretch, and call for these; Ruben can do this easily
10) Follow up promptly on all matters requiring clerk’s signature, clerk’s forwarding, etc.; Ruben needs to do any physical signatures needed, but Adriana and Holly can work together to make sure that everything gets where it needs to go
11) Occupy a visible leadership position (whether we call it that or not), which requires understanding the culture of the meeting, engaging with interpersonal dynamics, remaining reasonably impartial, being a listening ear for those who are troubled, and often figuring out how to respond to anything that’s “nobody’s job in particular.” Fatoumata’s been caring for the group this way for years, though as she’s working through a health crisis, she will need some help with this—probably from Kristy
To recap, here’s the approach that First Friends’ Church has just outlined, with a few additions, as well, to help everything go smoothly:
Name
Spiritual Gifts and Skills We’ve Observed
Life Circumstances
Responsibilities
Randy
– organized
– writes well
– plumbing
works alternating weekends but has many weekdays off
– Keep track of what’s going on in all meeting committees
– Serve as a center of communications for all meeting committees
– Do occasional weekday phone calls with Ruben to pass on information
Jacqueline
– kind
– organized
doesn’t like speaking in front of groups
– Assemble an agenda for meetings for business
– Take the recording clerk position so that Holly can be freed for other work
Alejandro
– always helping people
– enthusiasm
– biology
recently immigrated from Honduras, learning English
– Provide childcare during business meeting every other month (alternating with Kristy)
Hector
– party planning
– observant
– gentle
big project at work right now, very little time to spare—but it will be better in six months
– Begin serving as assistant clerk six months from now so that he can eventually take over for Ruben
Adriana
– natural sense of joy
– hospitality
– loves learning new things
is in seventh grade, weekday afternoons occupied by marching band, evenings with homework
– Sit with Ruben and take notes in case he can’t hear what is being said; read back minutes aloud so Jacqueline doesn’t have to
– Help with post-meeting follow-up
Fatoumata
– prayer
– extremely friendly
recent thyroid cancer diagnosis
– Care for the group as a whole; be a listening ear and handle unusual situations that come up
Kristy
– open heart
– artist
– singer
new to Quakerism within the last year
– Help and learn from Fatoumata
– Provide childcare during business meeting every other month (alternating with Alejandro)
Ruben
– long experience with Quaker process
– healer
– was clerk twenty years ago
struggling with mobility and hearing loss
– Take on the clerking function during business meetings, with Adriana’s help
– Help with post-meeting follow-up
Holly
– excellent listener
– good with technology
mother of three young children, working part-time, currently serving as recording clerk
– Ask, remind, and generally nag committee clerks for reports and other paperwork in time for those things to be added to the agenda
– Help with post-meeting follow-up
Rosa
– editing other people’s writing
– musician
– speaks well
– knows the neighborhood community
mother of three young children, working full-time
– She’s got enough going on; we’re not going to ask her to serve in a formal role. But we do value her voice in meeting for business, so Alejandro and Kristy will alternate childcare responsibilities to make sure that Rosa (and Holly) can attend.
Is this complicated? Yes.
Would this exact distribution of responsibilities work for any other meeting? Probably not.
Will it work for First Friends’ Church a year from now? We don’t know. Circumstances change. But if the Friends gathered are sufficiently flexible in their viewpoints, they will be able and willing to make changes as necessary. In the meantime, they have ensured that every member of the community—including Alejandro, who is still learning English, and twelve-year-old Adriana—is making a meaningful and named contribution to the community, and each person’s contribution is a reasonable expectation given the individual’s circumstances.
And dividing responsibilities in this way has another advantage, which is succession planning. Randy, Hector, Adriana, and Holly are all Friends who definitely can’t serve as clerk right now but quite possibly could a few years down the road. The thing is, if we discount them right now and wait until they’re available to take on the full role, then at the point they’re available, they won’t know how to do it.
Friends, it is time to revamp our job descriptions. We are not a corporation that outlines positions and then hires the most suitable candidates. We are a covenant people challenged to work with the people we have to ensure that every person is served and serving and has a voice.
One more time, here are the steps in the simplest form possible:
1) Make a list of the tasks that need doing (not the positions to be filled).
2) Make a list of the people who are willing to help.
3) In worship, name the gifts and skills you have observed in each other.
4) Give each Friend an opportunity to name their current life circumstances.
5) In worship, and treating one another gently, match the tasks to the people. Each person gets to say “yes” or “no” or even “yes, with the following conditions…”
6) Write down what’s been agreed to and make sure everybody has easy access to the list.
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2 thoughts on “Revamping the Job Descriptions”
Slot filling annoys me to no end. Once upon a time, I was asked about a certain committee, and I said yes. Never came up in business meeting. I shrugged. Nominating committee must’ve discerned a “no.” Whatever. Then I found out that after I said yes, it didn’t actually come back up again before them, because they’d talked to multiple people, and they only had one slot to fill, but heyyy some people are about to hit term limits on that committee soon…still a “yes”?
And I’ve been told small groups are untenable because committees _are_ the small groups. Or because people who are already on three committee don’t have time to also do a small group.
Maybe people shouldn’t be on three committees. Ditch the “must fill 6–8 slots on each of 12 committees” mentality (that’s more adults than are commonly in attendance, for the record). A committee could be just 3 or 4 people. Or maybe not every little thing needs a committee at all.
| 16,567 |
Am I an Empath or what I am?? Please Help
There is a high chance I am an empath but the description just different and something major missing on the description of it that make me doubt I am an empath but I am something else I cant put the name on it
For many years , since I was young, I am able to tell with precision when someone got an illness , especially illness related to emotions, mental illness and emotional blockage.
Very quickly I am able to walk in , usually at night and become the person and see where the emotion or damage was done and cause of it
Usually my connection in the so called dream will always be with the "child" the person has the child not the actual adult I meet in my present time.
Very quickly without knowing the medical name before I am be able to say this person has this mental illness and usually I confront them with my finding and surprising most people I spoken to are now in some sort therapy and yes they had the issue they needed to deal with.
After the person start doing the work on themselves I usually disconnect
What I am? Why this is about?
I never wonder why I got this until recently this happen again but this time I fall on the name : Empath
I never wonder there were anything strange why I knew about all those people issues when they was not aware of it themselves.
The connection is not painful about the experience but painful to disconnect because they are usually my love partners
I never once find strange how did I know about it or question this until now
This happen continuously in my life
The reason I doubt I am an empath is the people that said they are empath report to be able to connect to others by their feeling or how they feel
This is not what I am doing through
I connected with an events that damaged this person or an emotional blockage and from there connect to all the reason and cause of this person and also their actually feeling and thoughts in the time.
I get some sort message to tell the person and some people have find my messages too much and too disturbing at once but later recongise them its just too much for them to hear it at once
for me I just say it without thinking for them it reasonate a lot
They asked me how you know about this and that?
I just dont know and never thought there were anything strange about it to be honest.
Now I wonder for the first time How did I actually know
Other things are many people just come from nowhere speaking to me and from whatever the exchange get they said I helped them see or understand things in way noone have done for them before.
In meantime I feel lonely, in pain to connect with others, I dont trust them and I start to no trust the message I feel about other I need to give
I closed myself inside
I now feel any partners that going to come to my life, are not going to come because of me , to love me but because someone out there want them to get healing.
I feel terribly lonely and sad
I am looking for love and For the past 2 years keep meeting men that get involved with me but chasing another women or telling me about another women
the latest guy got involved with me, i trusted hime after we got involved he told me he still with his girlfriend but somehow in some sort talk with her and also he met another girl his going to go on holiday with in two months
In meanwhile I felt the pain
I discover he had an issue too, childhood issues and I have now referee him to therapy but I am in pain, I thought I had a partner
when you read for someone you are emotionally attached will not have the same results as reading for someone you're not close with.
for example.. my girlfriend comes to me to ask for a reading on her current boyfriend she's having issues with. Well, I've met the boyfriend, and from the get go, I do not like him at all.
It would not be fair to her or myself, because I can't possibly do a reading objectively and give her an honest assessment because of my emtional attachment to not liking her boyfriend.
She is better off seeking a reader she does not know or never met before... in that way, the reader does not care one way or another.
as for you contining to seek out men that are immature, shallow, and lack empathy for you.
this is the advice you need to adhere to and make those changes you are so afraid of changing yourself first.
change your social outlets. they're toxic and are not your friends, and the men you're meeting are really boys and not real men. they may look like real men, but inside are shallow selfish idiots.
Things change when you have changed. Everything around you will change providing you have really changed. until you change your ways, your toxic social life, nothing will ever change until YOU CHANGE FIRST>
| 4,756 |
New Delhi: Recognising the blackening of waters near the Vaishno Devi shrine as a 'serious problem', the Supreme Court on Monday asked Vaishno Devi Shrine Board and J&K government to file a reply on the status of rehabilitation plan of horses and mules.
The top court was hearing a petition which has alleged that the Vaishno Devi Shrine Board has not done anything to prevent the pollution caused by horses, mules and pilgrims. It has, apparently, also resulted in blackening of waters near the holy shrine. The petition goes on to accuse authorities of 'making money at the cost of the environment.'
While the Centre has said that a rehabilitation plan for mule drivers was made, it was meant to be taken up a sub-committee of the state government's cabinet. Since there is no elected government in J&K currently - due to the break in PDP-BJP alliance - the matter is stalled.
| 880 |
CONSERVATIVE NEWS
Category: VIDEO NEWS
We Save Lives has teamed up with Kris Caudilla to deliver an especially powerful public service announcement. They set up a screen behind a mirror in a bar, and then they linked webcams to the screen. When men came into the bathroom to wash their hands they were suddenly faced…
Sick world! 80 year old man marries 12 Year old girl What sort of sick world do we live in we’re a man at the age of 80 can marry a child that is 12!! What are your thoughts According to all things left, Islam is both “modern” and the…
There was a group of Catholics gathered to quietly protest the closure of a local church. A Muslim man walked by and noticed it. Instead of giving them their respects, the Muslim decided to blast music and interfere with their peaceful prayer. When the Muslim tries to interfere with prayer, that’s…
Today it was revealed that Obama’s National Security Advisor Susan Rice was behind the “Unmasking” of Trump Team members! From the looks of the information coming out, she was collecting private POLITICAL info about Trump’s allies including whom the Trump team was meeting with, the views of Trump associates on…
First Muslim Woman Judge Carolyn Walker, hand-picked by Obama, sworn in as judge of the 7 Municipal District, Brooklyn by holding the Holy Quran at Brooklyn Boro hall… Since the Quran forbids all law but Sharia Law, I guess she will head the first Federally sanctioned Sharia Court.
John McCain is known for his liberalism and inconsideration for the American people. Well, he has found it appropriate to just stop even being amicable. He has now successfully insulted one of the most important men in the world. John was just fine with calling Vice President Mike Pence an…
If you ever feel too lazy to put your seatbelt on, watch this video and you’ll surely find the motivation to do your buckle. Everyone is so worried about how dangerous guns are while cars kill 40 times more people in the US each year. We don’t really know what…
It’s typical for Muslims to overreact and do anything in their power to stop to “infidels,” even if that Muslim is a college professor taking on a harmless Christian student. A Muslim professor at Rollins College in Orlando took offense to views uttered by a Christian student in her class…
American truckers are among the hardest working people in this country. Having to leave your loved ones to drive for days at a time is no easy task. President Trump understands that truckers are an essential part of America, and he respects the job they do. President Trump spoke with…
| 2,634 |
Sunday, November 10, 2013
I think quite a few of you have tried some Full On Luon pants by now. I made it a point to try the Wunder Under Crops, Pants, and Skinny Groove Pants in the Full On Luon fabric last week. I tried on the WUP over the summer when the fabric first came out and I really liked it. I thought the compression and opacity was very nice. However, when I tried on the Skinny Grooves last week I really disliked the fabric. Though it was compressive, I thought it had a bit of a sheen and didn't have very good coverage or opacity in a bend. I went back to another store the next day to try on the Full On Luon Wunder Under pants to compare to Skinny Grooves and once again, really liked the WUP. I couldn't figure out what was different until I took a look at the content tags and it seems there are different "flavors" of Full On Luon. This could explain why some people are liking the fabric in one style of pant and others are not. This kind of blows because I've been cherry picking black pants by look and feel for the past three years now and it looks like that won't end. I think overall I like the feel of my older black luon pants. I know the new fabric is more compressive but if I want compressive technical pants then I am going to buy luxtreme (the Luxtreme Wunder Under crops are just fantastic) because I find it cooler and I don't have to worry about pet hair clinging to it. The eds at my store told me people have been sizing up in the Full On Luon items. I know I've read comments from people who have tried that but found the bottoms loose in the crotch. I think overall people are finding Full On Luon more sheer than opaque. Since the fabric is more compressive I think lululemon might need to adjust the fit of their bottoms or, alternatively, they could try and dig up the recipe for luon from about four years ago.
Black is blah - some recent pant purchases. The black are Luxtreme Wunder Under crops.
On a related note, I think a lot of people are moving on from black luon bottoms. Prints are popular these days and lots of people prefer luxtreme because you don't have to worry lint rolling your pants before you leave the house.
What about you, did you try Full On Luon? Have you moved on from black luon?
Thanks to Ms. W. for the photo. Raspberry Open Your Heart LS on the left.
Photos of the Raspberry Open Your Heart LS. I've worn it twice and I really like the Inkwell Open Your LS I bought last week. I wouldn't mind another one but they're pricey and I'm not sure if I want one in Raspberry.
A couple of photos of the Raspberry Pure Balance Sweater. (Thanks to Ms. E. for the photos.)
The Deep Zinfandel Beautiful Baroque Forme Jacket.
The Winter Orchid/Deep Zinfandel striped Power Y, shown with a Beautiful Baroque Forme Jacket. I definitely want to try this Power Y on, I am a sucker for purples.
About Me
For 18 years I was an electrical engineer working in communications satellite system engineering. I've worked at Boeing, Booz, Allen & Hamilton, and General Electric. For the past ten years I've been a stay at home mom who keeps busy volunteering in my community and chauffeuring my three children to their activities. I live in Orange County, California.
The inaugural Sea Wheeze inspired me to take up running two years ago. I have completed ten half marathons and have three more scheduled for 2015. I mostly run these days but also go to the gym ~3-4 days a week for spin class, weight lifting, and cardio.
I discovered Lululemon six years ago and really liked the fit and performance of the clothes. I do check out other brands so if you would like me to review your product please contact me.
If you would like to contact me, my email address is [email protected].
| 3,753 |
CALL ABOUT NSN 1020-00-177-9045
REQUEST QUOTE for 1020-00-177-9045
DLMS™ Summary
National Stock Number
1020-00-177-9045
National Stock Number (NSN) 1020-00-177-9045, or NIIN 001779045, (no item name available) has an unknown assigned date. NIIN 001779045 was cancelled on January 1, 1963, with a cancelled status of "Item is Cancelled - Inactive." There is no known replacement specified for this stock number. This NSN does not replace any other NSNs.
There are no manufacturer part numbers associated to this NSN.
This part number has not been procured by the US Government in over 5 years.
There is no data in the HMIRS and the NSN is in an FSC not generally suspected of containing hazardous materials. NSN 1020001779045 does not contain precious metals.
| 767 |
Looking for Archnet popular content, reviews and catchy facts? Here we go: we found that archnet.org is not yet a popular website, with moderate traffic (approximately over 199K visitors monthly) and thus ranked among mediocre projects, according to Alexa. We also discovered that the most significant portion of the traffic comes from India (27,2%) and female users predominate (66%). This domain has a very good reputation, so you can visit it safely.
| 453 |
How Cryotherapy — a Fave of Justin Timberlake — Is Taking Over NYC Like Nail Salons
The singer's wife, Jessica Biel, also loves the process by which body temperature is lowered to speed metabolism and boost energy. Infrared saunas are another quick-fix beauty trend.
They're proliferating in the city like nail salons: spas with infrared saunas, which raise the body temperature to fight energy-sapping bacteria, and cryotherapy (a Justin Timberlake and Jessica Biel fave), which lowers temps to speed metabolism and boost energy.
"Within the past year, so many new places have popped up," says Erin Hamilton of NKD NYC, which opened in February on West 57th Street and offers cryo and infrared beds. "People want a quick fix; when you go into such a cold temperature with a sprained ankle, you see the swelling and bruising visibly reduce." Kathy Butters, owner of CryoVigor, which opens on West 46th Street in May, will do cryo facials. "When you step into the cryo, it's minus 200 to 256 degrees, which sends blood to your core to flush toxins," she says.
Higher Dose has infrared saunas and targeted cryo at four sites. Even Equinox, near Columbus Circle, added cryotherapy. "We wanted to offer an additional regeneration tool," says vp David Harris."We stand behind the scientific findings that cryotherapy can lessen pain and enhance performance." Which to do, hot or cold? "Cryotherapy gives a huge endorphin rush, and infrared is more relaxing," says Hamilton. "It depends on whether you are a sun worshipper or a snow bunny."
This story first appeared in the May 9 issue of The Hollywood Reporter magazine. To receive the magazine, click here to subscribe.
| 1,674 |
Influence of Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI) in commitment to serving the poor
"Vagabond" within the Catholic Church
Boxing
Personal boxing history
Boxing with heart
Teaching and training
"Elena the Assassin"
Reasons to teach boxing
Legacy
Starting programs for officers to help themselves, a missionary
Published articles
Thank you and closing
Map
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Transcript
VIRGNIA RAYMOND: Good morning
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Good morning.
RAYMOND: We are here in the Keith George Ruiz Building of the Travis County Sheriff's office and I am here with Captain Art Cárdenas.
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Yes Ma'am.
RAYMOND: My name is Virginia Raymond interviewing and this is Gabriel Solis behind the tape, behind the camera, and it is July
twenty-third, 2008. And so Captain Cardenas could you tell us your name and spell it for us.
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Okay. Actually my first name is Arthur, but they call me Art. Middle name is—middle initial is G.,
Gerard. Last name is Cardenas. They call me Cardenas or some other variations of that and you spell that C-A-R-D-E-N-A-S.
RAYMOND: Okay, great. And tell us what your position is with the Travis County Sheriff's Department.
RAYMOND: Before I ask you a little bit more about your background, I just want to put on the tape—I explained what we're going to use this
interview for—
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Yes, Ma'am.
RAYMOND: —and I just explained to you the risks of it—
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Yes, Ma'am.
RAYMOND: —and you just signed the consent form a little bit ago.
ARTHUR CARDENAS: Yes Ma'am, I did.
RAYMOND: Do you have any other questions about it?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: No, Ma'am, I don't.
RAYMOND: Okay. Thank you. Well, Captain Cardenas can you tell us a little bit about yourself? Where you grew up?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Yes, ma'am. I grew up in San Antonio, Texas—born and raised in San Antonio, Texas and I attended seminary—Catholic
seminary for four years and two years into college.
CÁRDENAS: I made my way to Austin in 1980 after receiving a scholarship to University of Texas and I was also, at that time, studying for the
priesthood at that time in the—at the college level.
CÁRDENAS: But two years into my college career I fell in love in—with a young woman and left the seminary and started a family and started working
with the Sheriff's Department in 1984.
CÁRDENAS: Been working here—this will be almost—sorry—my twenty-fifth year next month—starting my twenty-fifth year with the Sheriff's office.
I've worked almost everywhere with the Sheriff's office; started out as a corrections officer back in 1984.
CÁRDENAS: And then I went to patrol. I really enjoyed working patrol. Worked that for several years and then I was recruited into the
Internal Affairs unit when I was a young officer.
CÁRDENAS: And I stayed there for five years and then I became the very first SWAT sergeant when we developed our SWAT team here at the Travis
County Sheriff's office. I was promoted to sergeant and they assigned me to the SWAT team.
CÁRDENAS: And I was the first SWAT sergeant of the Sheriff's office and I did that for a few years. And then went back to patrol and then in the
year 2000 I got promoted to lieutenant and I was patrol lieutenant for about a year and a half.
CÁRDENAS: And then I got moved over to our homicide unit and I worked there for three years and when Sheriff Greg Hamilton got elected as sheriff
in two thousand and five—was it 2005?
CÁRDENAS: He promoted me to captain and asked that I become warden at the Travis County Correctional Complex, the big jail down in Del Valle, and
did that for two and a half years and I got transferred over here to admin support earlier this year.
CÁRDENAS: So we're in 2008 now, so January 2008—I 've been in the administration support bureau since then.
RAYMOND: And almost twenty-five years, congratulations.
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Thank you.
RAYMOND: You kind of laughed a little bit when you said you were recruited into Internal Affairs—
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Yeah, Internal Affairs. If you know anything about the unit, it's a—we investigate our own; we police the police so
to speak.
CÁRDENAS: And I really never thought I'd be an Internal Affairs officer. And then—back then Sheriff Doyne Bailey would pick who he wanted to go into
the unit, and for some reason he picked me after interviewing me and liked me.
CÁRDENAS: And I stayed in that unit for several years. And it was very challenging and rewarding to a lot of degree.
CÁRDENAS: But I chuckle at that because Internal Affairs is something that not every cop wants to work. So that's why I chuckle at that.
Yeah.
RAYMOND: Do you have any reason—idea why he chose you?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: No, I don't. Back in the day was—he would ask the captains of the different bureaus; we had two bureaus back in those days.
CÁRDENAS: We had a law enforcement bureau and a corrections bureau and he would ask each of the captains to select two or three people they thought would be
good.
CÁRDNAS: So my captain at the time obviously thought I was doing a good job on the street as a patrol officer and selected my name, which was kind of
bittersweet for me because I'd wanted to become a DARE officer.
CÁRDENAS: I wanted to be a DARE officer, and I had gone to school to—specialized training to become a DARE officer, but he recruited me and asked me to
come work with him in Internal Affairs unit.
CÁRDENAS: And I did that, but I still got to teach DARE on a part time basis because of the county. We're always short-staffed and stuff. We have
to rob Peter to pay Paul so to speak.
CÁRDENAS: And they asked me, when we were short-staffed because we had more schools than officers to teach them—they asked me to teach a couple schools.
So I was able to teach on a part-time basis DARE.
RAYMOND: For future generations who may not know what DARE is—
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Okay, that's right. DARE stands for Drug Abuse Resistance Education and it's a curriculum where a police officer in
uniform will go every week to the fifth grade and teaches them about how to say no to drugs and techniques about how to say no to drugs, violence and some other things, too.
CÁRDENAS: And the program is still—I mean it went over some controversy over the years but I think it's still—it's still being taught in some schools.
We don't at the Sheriff's office teach it anymore.
CÁRDENAS: We have a program called the S.R.O., School Resource Officers, where our officers are on the campus twenty-four—not twenty-four, but they are
there when the school's in session.
CÁRDENAS: And they—and in addition to providing law enforcement services, they also teach on some levels to different grade levels about saying no to
drugs and different coping skills that they're gonna need—that kids need when they grow up.
RAYMOND: Excuse me a second. I am pitched so high on this chair. (readjusts chair) Sorry. [inaudible] Okay, I'm better.
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Good.
RAYMOND: Thank you. You knew Keith Ruiz.
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: I did. I knew Keith Ruiz. He is a special person in my life for a lot of different reasons. I met Keith Ruiz in my work in
SWAT.
CÁRDENAS: And the way I met Keith was: back in the day—as I said earlier I was the first SWAT sergeant. We would have to have—in order for an officer to come
on our SWAT, they'd have to make application and then they would have to go through our SWAT school and pass our SWAT school successfully.
CÁRDENAS: And then we would put them on the team if there was an opening. So Keith wanted to become a SWAT officer. He was a preferral officer; he
was a corrections officer first, then a patrol officer and then he wanted to become SWAT officer.
CÁRDENAS: And so he made application and put in and we put him into the SWAT school. Now I tell this story not to diminish him in any way but show that
he has perseverance, and he had perseverance and—and that second effort that you really need.
CÁRDENAS: To be a SWAT officer, you need to be in excellent shape. You have to be because of the nature of the work and the endurance that you
need.
CÁRDENAS: So our SWAT school is geared towards that to test the endurance of an individual. So people need to come to that SWAT school in shape.
CÁRDENAS: And if they don't, it becomes very apparent the first or second day they're not gonna be able to do it. So the first day Keith showed up, I
could tell that he was not in shape.
CÁRDENAS: Okay. Keith showed up and we took the team out on a run just to show—kind of test the endurance.
CÁRDENAS: My job as a sergeant was to fall toward the back and pick up the ones that weren't performing as well as they should be. On this particular
day, Keith was one of those individuals that was having trouble finishing the run.
CÁRDENAS: And I went back towards the back to encourage him to pick him up and kind of get on him to pick it up. That's what SWAT officers do, and we do
kind of paramilitary organization.
CÁRDENAS: And he was having a hard time finishing the run and I remember running up a head of him just a little back and I felt a shoulder—or a hand on
my shoulder pull me back, and I looked back and Keith had turned pale and his eyes had rolled back in his head, and I said, Oh, my God. This is bad.
CÁRDENAS: And so I stopped the run and took him back to the academy to let him cool down. One of the most distasteful things I had to do as a sergeant,
is to—as a SWAT sergeant, as for individuals coming to the SWAT school, was to tell them that, I'm sorry, but right now this is not for you.
CÁRDENAS: So I had to break the bad news to Keith—tell him, Sorry, Keith. I love you and everything, but you're not in shape for this. You're not gonna
be able to complete the class.
CÁRDENAS: And he was saddened by that I could tell— and hurt. But that's business and we have to conduct business like that. And I told him you also
need to not give up. We're gonna have another SWAT school in a couple of months. Dedicate yourself to being in shape and come back.
CÁRDENAS: So a few months later Keith Ruiz showed back up in great shape and was one of the top performers in that second SWAT school that he attended.
And I was very proud of him because we all fall down at different times in our lives, and it's not so much the falling down, but the hard part is getting up.
CÁRDENAS: Kinda easy to fall down, but to get up and clean yourself off and keep going is the essence of what a police officer—what a SWAT officer,
especially a SWAT officer should be. And so he showed to me a lot of integrity and a lot of second effort, which I really admired in him.
CÁRDENAS: So Keith became one of my snipers. And a sniper is of course, for those that don't know—it's kind of a lonely position on a SWAT team. They get
deployed almost before anybody else. They have remote position away from the team. And they have a long rifle in case they have to take a shot at a suspect or somebody that deadly force is
required.
CÁRDENAS: It takes a lot of discipline and training to be a good sniper. And Keith had all those qualities. He was a good sniper, excellent shot, in
great shape, and we deployed him in many missions to be a sniper.
CÁRDENAS: And I remember one particular mission that we deployed him on, and I just felt very comfortable on this one because it was a very static type
of incident where a gentleman had become distraught and he had—and he was holding a gun to his head.
CÁRDENAS: And they found him driving his vehicle on Manchaca Road in the part of the county. And our patrol officer pulled him over and he had—soon
they told me he was holding the gun to his head. And I heard this thing come over the radio so I sent my team out to the scene.
CÁRDENAS: And when I got to the scene, they were negotiating with him face to face, which is very, very dangerous. So me, as a SWAT sergeant, had to
deploy different officers in different locations and I told Keith where I needed him at. And then once I deployed him, I knew that we were gonna be okay. I just had that feeling.
CÁRDENAS: He was disciplined, he was a good shot, he was well-trained. I knew that we were gonna be safe if anything happened. The incident
resolved itself well. We got the gentleman into custody, even though he was shooting rounds off in close proximity to me and to another deputy who were trying to get him out of the
car.
CÁRDENAS: But we knew, when we were dragging him out, that Keith was there with his rifle—we were gonna be okay. So it resolved itself well, thank God.
We got through without anybody being injured and we saved lives that day. So I was very proud of my whole team, but especially of Keith because he was out there in a remote area watching with
his long rifle.
CÁRDENAS: And there's many, many other incidents like that where we had him doing that. So that's how I got to know Keith, in that capacity.
RAYMOND: And I should have asked you what does SWAT stand for?
CÁRDENAS: SWAT is an old term for Special Weapons and Tactics. Each—most the police departments in the United States have a specialized
group of individuals that train together for barricaded subjects, suicidal subjects, hostage situations, things that a normal police officer does not have the tools and capability to do.
CÁRDENAS: And they work together as a team—different components, different training techniques—to resolve those types of issues. So the old adage is—the old
terminology is that if you called SWAT out there, then something really bad has happened.
CÁRDENAS: And they used our team quite a bit. And I'm sure they still do. And I was very proud that Keith was part of our team back then.
RAYMOND: And you joined the SWAT team in what year?
CÁRDENAS: Well, we had a part-time SWAT team to begin with. In 1990, we formulated the part-time SWAT team. And it took full-time form back
in ninety-three—ninety-two or ninety-three—around in there. Became a full time team.
CÁRDENAS: That's when they promoted me to sergeant. And I became the sergeant of that team about that time. So Keith was a member of that team at that
time—between ninety-two and ninety-four, around there.
RAYMOND: You said—it sounds like when Keith came to SWAT school, or SWAT training, you already had known him.
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: I knew him on a limited basis in my dealings with—in patrol. I never had worked with him one on one until he came into SWAT.
CÁRDENAS: And in SWAT we got—I was his sergeant so I needed to know him. And I would going out and ride with him periodically. And when the SWAT
officers are not doing SWAT stuff, they are serving felony warrants all day long. And I would go ride with all my officers just to get to know them and to see what type of work they did.
CÁRDENAS: And I would ride with Keith on occasion. I'd pick a different officer everyday and go ride with them. And I got to ride with Keith a
couple times and got to know him. And he was a good man—a man of integrity; loved his family—all these things.
CÁRDENAS: And like all—everybody—everybody has trials and tribulations that happen in their lives. Nobody's immune from that and he, of course,
had those things happen, just like every human being does.
CÁRDENAS: So when you ride with somebody in patrol—when you're in that two-man unit, you get to talk about things and family issues and just
different things, and we'd share. And that's how we gain that camaraderie. So I got to know all my officers that way. And also Keith.
RAYMOND: How long was Keith with the SWAT team, and how long were you close to him before the tragedy—before he died in Del
Valle?
CÁRDENAS: He died—let me see. He was on the SWAT team for several years—I think for six years—for quite a period of time before
he passed away.
CÁRDENAS: So I knew him for about two years when I was SWAT sergeant. I was on there for three years—two and a half—three years. And I knew
him for all those two years and then I went into patrol and got promoted and stuff like that.
CÁRDENAS: And so we kinda grew apart as far as not seeing each other every day, but I still—I admired him nonetheless.
CÁRDENAS: And I remember the day that the tragedy happened, February fifteenth 2000—two thousand I believe it was. Two thousand one?
Two thousand one.
CÁRDENAS: And I was, at that time, in Sam Houston State University going through the Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas and my brother
Gilbert, who works for the Austin Police Department, had called me that day and said, "Y'all had an officer killed in the line of duty."
CÁRDENAS: And I go, "Who was it?" He said he didn't know. So I called the Sheriff's office. I was in Huntsville at the time. And
that—that had just happened. And they told me that Keith had got killed in the line of duty.
CÁRDENAS: And so I immediately contacted my instructors at Sam Houston, said, "I need to go back to Austin for the funeral." And they dismissed me
for a couple days for me to come to the funeral and pay my respects to him and his family.
CÁRDENAS: So, it was a helpless feeling for me ‘cause, of course, any time one of our officers gets killed in the line of duty—anywhere you want
to be, you want to be close to the organization, you want to be close to the family and stuff and offer whatever support you can. And I wasn't able to do that, really.
CÁRDENAS: And so as soon as I could, I went over there and did that. So, February sixteenth, I came into town and spent the next two days trying
to help as much as I could. And to go spend time with my family and then went to the funeral home and spent time with his family.
CÁRDENAS: And I'd known his wife for several years in her work in the correction bureau as a jail nurse, and I knew her and did whatever I could
to help the family.
RAYMOND: What is the impact on people who work together when something like this happens—when you lose an officer?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: I think to answer that question you need to realize what type of work that police officers do. We put our lives on the line
everyday. That's why we have to wear a vest because you just never know when something like that is going to happen. It's dangerous work, but it's also kinda monotonous work at times.
CÁRDENAS: You can go for hours without getting a serious call and then all of the sudden something big happens and you gotta run and take care of
business. And sometimes it's all night long that stuff happens. People are victimized all day long and you have to just go to call to call to call to do that.
CÁRDENAS: So you build a camaraderie with other officers, especially when you see tragedies happen on a work basis. Working on the homicide
unit, I know that we would have to go and witness stuff that the human—that the normal human being should not have to see or smell.
CÁRDENAS: So you gain a sense of brotherhood or camaraderie along with that. So when—you become a family. That's the word I'm looking
for. You become a family, and you rely on each other for a lot of different things. So when a family member dies, the grief is overwhelming.
CÁRDENAS: And especially when an officer is killed in the line of duty, it's almost a violation of our organization, of us, because we're taught
how to fight; we're taught how to take care of ourselves and how to resolve.
CÁRDENAS: And when someone gets the better of us, it's shocking, and it's almost demeaning to us. And if you look at the tragedy that happened to
Keith, he was—he was in his—he was at the front of the door when this thing happened and a shot came and struck him in through his vest, and just in a manner that was just like unheard
of.
CÁRDENAS: He wore a vest, and one portion where it's not protected, it goes through and it's just a terrible, horrible tragedy. And to me the real
impact is that Keith, who we've taught how to be a SWAT officer, how to fight back—didn't get a chance to fight back. And to me that's the real significant impact.
CÁRDENAS: I think a lot of us police officers can maybe stomach a little bit better the fact that, if we're one on one—if we're trying to
save somebody's life, and if we're fighting for somebody, and we have a fighting chance to survive, then maybe it's worthwhile to some degree.
CÁRDENAS: But when you don't have a fighting chance, it's just harder to take. So, it had an impact not only on the whole department, but I think
especially our SWAT officers. They really took it seriously, again, because of the work they do.
CÁRDENAS: And they train all the time together. They live together. I remember, me being a SWAT officer, being alone out on call-outs, sleeping
next to my SWAT officers, my brothers, and waking up almost hugging each other ‘cause we don't know where we're at. We think we're with our wives or whatever; we wake up and some guy is
holding you.
CÁRDENAS: And it's living together and eating together and being out in the field together. It's just a different type of police work.
So if anybody was affected in the organization, it's probably the SWAT officers that were there when it happened and that knew Keith.
CÁRDENAS: And I think that—I heard a reading at a funeral I went to this weekend. A little girl died of cancer, six-years-old. And they had
a nice reading from a Rabbi—I wish I remembered the Rabbi's name. But he—they asked him the question, "Does the sadness ever end? Does the grief ever end?"
CÁRDENAS: It never ends. You always remember. You come to terms with it as life goes on and the pain becomes bearable, but you're always sad. So
every morning I walk into my office, which is right there, and I see the plaque that's been dedicated to Keith and I remember him. And the sadness is there.
CÁRDENAS: But I want to remember him, not the way he died, but the way he lived. He was always, like I said, a disciplined, jovial, always happy
individual.
CÁRDENAS: And I remember a time when I—today, mixed martial arts—I don't know if you know what it is—the cage fighting?
RAYMOND: No, tell me about it.
CÁRDENAS: The cage fighting is popular now. You know, fighting on the ground and submission holds and things like that.
CÁRDENAS: I was kind of innovative back when I was a sergeant. I knew the importance of what happens to an officer if they get taken to the ground. So,
I brought in a special martial artist that knew how to grapple to come teach my SWAT team how to do that.
CÁRDENAS: And I remember he was teaching us how to do this and it was time for us to spar with each other and so somebody had Keith in a hold and he was like
all tied-up.
CÁRDENAS: And we made the joke telling Keith, "Come on Keith, you got him now." And he's all—he couldn't do anything. He's all wrapped up. He
goes, "Yeah, I'm luring him into my trap. I'm luring him into my trap. I got him where I want him now." It was just hilarious to hear him say that.
CÁRDENAS: But that's the type of individual he usually was. But when the sadness comes over me, I remember his life. And I want everybody to do
that, too. In anybody's life when they die tragically, whatever, we want to remember the good things that happened in their life. He died with honor.
CÁRDENAS: I mean, I kind of alluded to the fact that he didn't have a chance to fight back. That's true, but nonetheless he was part of our SWAT team
trying to serve a legally issued warrant and he was doing his job of protecting the community and he died with honor.
CÁRDENAS: And I think any police officer, if you don't retire and if you have to die in the line of duty, you want to die with honor. And he did
that. He did that. And I think that's all we can say about anybody that we live well—live honorably and then we die honorably and with dignity. I hope he died with dignity.
CÁRDENAS: I think that he died in a shocking way, no doubt.
CÁRDENAS: But I think it was reassuring to him maybe that his SWAT brothers were around him when the injury happened. And were comforting him and trying to
be with him.
CÁRDENAS: I think one of the saddest things I ever had to experience, I think in my life as a police officer, is being a homicide investigator
supervising the unit and going out to scenes where people die alone
CÁRDENAS and nobody knows that they're dead and the body's decomposed and not knowing that they're dead nor do they care sometimes that they're dead.
That's sad.
CÁRDENAS: But to know that when I die or you die, or anybody dies, that your family is around you. Somebody that cares about you is around you is—brings
comfort and solace to know that when we pass through violent means or through peaceful means, that the passing can be a little bit easier when we have somebody that loves us close to us.
CÁRDENAS: So, I get comfort in that. Yeah, yeah.
RAYMOND: Are there—and I don't know whether this is relevant to you or not, so if it's not just forget it. But the person who shot,
shot and killed Keith Ruiz went to trial. Did you or your fellow officers follow that? I mean, I know some people must have.
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: They had to follow—especially the ones that were at the scene. They had to be there and follow it. And I know that's hard for them to
do that.
CÁRDENAS: One of the officers that was there is a gentleman by the name of William Poole, Billy Poole, who is now—who now works for me as our training
coordinator. He's in our training academy and a very excellent young man. Decorated Marine when he went to Desert Storm and just an excellent, excellent young man.
CÁRDENAS: But I know it affected him and he had to go and testify again.
CÁRDENAS: And people have different ways of coming to terms with that. And so a lot of people will go to the trials and when the—they're a witness or
they're involved in it or their loved ones have to follow it to get—for it to bring closure—or I don't even know if you can ever have closure.
CÁRDENAS: But it becomes part of their healing process, I think, to see all of that happen—to follow that. And to see that justice is meted out to
the individual that did that. I don't know if that really happened.
CÁRDENAS: I mean, I think we tried to take care of the officers that were involved in that to the best of our ability. I don't know if we did a good
job or not. But in their own ways I think maybe they found, maybe, some solace or some coming-to-terms or some closure with all that at the end. Hopefully they did.
RAYMOND: And the young man was sentenced to life, is that right?
CÁRDENAS: Yes.
RAYMOND: So it's perhaps—I don't want to put words in your mouth—what closure they got, are you saying came from the process or
from—
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Again, I don't think they'll ever come—they'll ever have closure on this. Again, I'll allude to the reading that I
heard at the funeral last weekend. The sadness will always be there. The memories will always be there. They just become easier to bear with the years.
CÁRDENAS: And every once in a while I think we remember Keith and the wounds are opened up just a little a bit. It's like I got scars all over my
body from boxing and stuff like that, and I still get hit in some places when I'm sparring with some of my students and I'm—‘cause I still have the same bad habit of not putting my hand up like
I should.
CÁRDENAS: And I get nailed there a couple times and it reminds me again of when I got cut. And so things happen, I think, in our lives to remember
Keith, whether it's going to a trial, or passing by his plaque that open up the wounds again.
CÁRDENAS: So I think it's really important that when we do remember him, again, that we really focus on his life and the service that he did to
the community. And how he served the community well, and how he served with honor and with dignity in the agency.
CÁRDENAS: And so I hope that the officers that were involved in that do that. And they don't hold it too close to their heart where it becomes a
point of holding a grudge or not doing their job well. I don't think that will ever happen, but you know everybody acts differently.
CÁRDENAS: And I hope that through their prayer life or through their lives as police officers, they have learned something from this and learned
that, more than anything, that we need to persevere and take care of each other.
CÁRDENAS: And let justice work out its course. And when it doesn't to the way we want it to—‘cause I think a lot of people wanted the death
penalty. I was just talking with a friend about this this morning. People wanted the death penalty on this individual, but he got life.
CÁRDENAS: Whether that's fair or not, whether people agree with that or not, but that's our justice and we have to accept that—the laws of our
land and abide by those. So a lot of different facets are involved in all of this.
RAYMOND: I did not know until we started talking this morning that you had trained to be a priest. Can I ask you about
that?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Surely. Yeah.
RAYMOND: Where were you in seminary?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: I actually went to high school seminary at St. Anthony's High School Seminary in San Antonio, which is on McCullough
Avenue. I went and my brothers went, too. And I was very fortunate that I'm a very good writer—so they tell me. I'm a technical writer. Maybe one day I'll write a book.
CÁRDENAS: But I got a scholarship to the University of Texas because I scored well on my SATs and I was the valedictorian of my school and some
other things. So they had a headhunter looking, I guess, at the college level for individuals like me and I—they offered me a four-year scholarship. And so it was a shock to me because I never
thought I was anything all that.
CÁRDENAS: I was an athlete, but nothing great. Nothing like to get a full scholarship. So they gave me an academic scholarship and I
went to the University of Texas. So the order that I was with, the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, they encouraged me to continue my discernment process in the college level.
CÁRDENAS: So I came to Austin and lived at Saint Edward's at the Oblate Hall, which is a dorm over there, and I went to school at U.T. in the
morning and went there and did my apostolic service during the weekends and stuff, or go to the churches and help the poor.
CÁRDENAS: And so I have an affinity to helping the poor. I really do that. People know I like to box and stuff like that; I like to fight.
If you can imagine that.
CÁRDENAS: So they were thinking about having a charity like mixed martial arts contest involving police officers and the Sheriff asked me if I
would do that.
CÁRDENAS: I said I'll only do it if I can—if I'm gonna put my body through that and get into—I'm a forty-five-year-old man. I'm an old man now so
I'll be fighting against somebody that's older—or younger, excuse me—in better shape.
CÁRDENAS: If I have to go through all that process and get my body in shape and then go into a cage and fight somebody, I get to choose the
charity that I want and it has to be somebody that—it has to be a charitable organization that helps the poor.
CÁRDENAS: So I have an affinity to the poor and I think the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, they preach to the poor. In fact their motto was, "He has
sent me to preach the gospel to the poor. The poor have the gospel preach to them." That was their motto.
CÁRDENAS: And so I align myself with those men and they raised me to what I am now. So I still have an affinity to the poor. So I studied theology
and things of this nature at the high school level and at the college level, too.
CÁRDENAS: The real experience comes from that experience helping and working with the poor. I was fortunate to go to Mexico—to Oaxaca—to the
missions when I was a junior in high school for six months and work over there with the poor over there—the indigenous people of Oaxaca over there, and I got to do that and it was very, very
rewarding.
CÁRDENAS: And I hope to, one day, be able to go back there and do it again when I finish my career here with the Sheriff's Office.
CÁRDENAS: So, God had other plans for me. I think that He knew that maybe I wasn't cut out to be a priest maybe. That's what a discernment process
is for, to think about things and to pray about it. And that stoic life, the celibacy, the chastity, the poverty, the vows of obedience, those were just—I could not live up to them at that
point in my life.
CÁRDENAS: So I had to make a decision to do that. And after much prayer and thought, I left. And about the same time I met my wife and we fell in
love and got married and I got hired with the Sheriff's Department shortly thereafter. So that's how that all came about.
CÁRDENAS: So I'm not sure what other specific questions you have about the seminary other than that.
ARTHUR RAYMOND: No, I just wondered how it—As you talk, I hear some cadences, priestly cadences, and what seems to me to be some
continuing influence. But I didn't know how you see this.
CÁRDENAS: Yeah, it is. In my life recently I've been kind of a vagabond. I've kind of questioned the Catholic teachings a little bit.
CÁRDENAS: So after many, many years of serving with the Oblates of Mary Immaculate in Austin at Our Lady of Guadalupe Church—they've left. They're
no longer there in the parish so the carism of the Oblates I felt was gone.
CÁRDENAS: And I didn't find—I'm still looking for that type of carism, so I've been going to different churches for the last year trying to find
that again. So I'm in the desert right now so to speak. I'm wandering right now. I'm a vagabond so to speak.
CÁRDENAS: But I still try to go to church and maintain my prayer life every day and try to help the poor in some capacity every week. I still do that.
And in my work with the Sheriff's office, I try to combine that into everything that I do.
RAYMOND: I know that you work with the immigrant community some.
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Yes.
RAYMOND: Could you tell us a little bit about that?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Well, my antepasados—my ancestors—were from Mexico and Spain and so by my birthright, I have always—because there's not too many
Hispanics when I first started with the Sheriff's Office.
CÁRDENAS: There's not too many Hispanics with the Sheriff's Office and I'm bilingual and by my birthright and by the fact that I'm bilingual,
we—they would use me quite a bit for translation, and stuff like this, so I got to work a lot with the immigrant population. And a few years ago, before the ICE controversy—
RAYMOND: ICE being?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: The Immigration and Custom Enforcement and our involvement with them in their capacity that they work in our jails
and do their investigations in our jails.
CÁRDENAS: But before even that happened, I was asked to sit on the Immigrant Assessment Forums and Committees that was put on through Travis
County Health and Human Services. And I was—and I worked under that as part of their committee for two years.
CÁRDENAS: And we did a study on the immigrant population here in Travis County and where they're located at and what services do they need.
CÁRDENAS: Since I'm a law enforcement officer and I was the warden at the time at Del Valle, I had a desire to help those that were incarcerated
to make sure that the recidivism rate didn't apply to them.
CÁRDENAS: In other words, when they got out of jail that they didn't come back to us. We don't want them back.
CÁRDENAS: So I was speaking out on their behalf regarding their education levels, regarding their legal issues—make sure we got those type of
resources for them while they're incarcerated.
CÁRDENAS: This happened way before the ICE controversy started again. So now in my work with them, it's more of trying to ride the fence so to
speak.
CÁRDENAS: I have to—I am with the Sheriff's Office and we have to—I have to abide by what the Sheriff's office mandates are that we collaborate
well with all law enforcement agencies—federal, local, state, and ICE is one of those agencies.
CÁRDENAS: So we collaborate with them and they help us, we help them.
CÁRDENAS: But I can also be an advocate for the rights of immigrants and make sure that our mandate to serve all citizens, make sure everybody is
safe and secure, is fulfilled. And so that's the role that I take in my work with them.
RAYMOND: When you—recently boxed—was that recently that you were in boxing?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: I started—I boxed a lot when I was a young man—a young—a child. I'm small. I'm a small man. I'm only five foot
five—five foot six on a good day, but I was smaller.
CÁRDENAS: I was only five foot one—five foot two when I was growing up and get beat up quite a bit. Kids when they're—when the kids are kids—and
they would—I loved to read and write and I was kind of a nerd. They'd pick on me ‘cause I was a nerd.
CÁRDENAS: One day I came home, my nose all busted up and my father couldn't take it anymore. So he found an old man that taught boxing down the
street and I would—I trained under his tutelage for years and years and years.
CÁRDENAS: And in his garage I learned how to fight and I went to Golden Gloves and all those things and became proficient. My self-confidence came
up. Then I stopped and went to seminary and stopped boxing ‘cause they didn't have a boxing program there.
RAYMOND: How come?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Well, I'd fight myself. We had football, so I started playing football. So I started playing football and
basketball—those things that kept myself occupied. But I always loved boxing. I always watched it and admired the sport ‘cause it's part of my life.
CÁRDENAS: And I was going to the Police Olympics one year to go power lift. I like to weight lift a lot. In fact, I've got several state
records in power lifting. Texas Police Olympics.
CÁRDENAS: And I was driving to Lubbock to the Police Olympics and in Cedar Park, I was driving down 183 by Cedar Park, past Cedar Park, and there
was a boxing gym there and I went, wow.
CÁRDENAS: So at the age of thirty, I started boxing again. I got myself in shape again, and I got in tournaments again. And I had a lackluster
career, but I fought like fifty more times between the time I was thirty to thirty-two, when I retired on the amateur level.
CÁRDENAS: Got myself in shape, got my nose busted. Busted out a tooth. But to me it was all worthwhile because it was fun to do.
CÁRDENAS: They did a story on me in San Antonio ‘cause I was the oldest registered fighter fighting. And everybody I fought was a young
man—nineteen—twenty, or from the military.
CÁRDENAS: And I never got knocked out. I never had a standing eight-count. I went there to fight. I just got out-pointed every time ‘cause the guys are
faster than me.
CÁRDENAS: But I think the highest compliment that any boxer can get is that you fight with heart. And I would get standing ovations because people
would see me fight. Old man up there fighting and they enjoyed that, so I got—to me it was worthwhile to get in shape.
CÁRDENAS: So after I retired, I became a trainer and trained professional fighters and trained amateurs. And then as the gym I went to closed
after some financial difficulties—had to close the gym and I was saddened by that.
CÁRDENAS: So I started working out at the Y.M.C.A. on Town Lake ‘cause it's close to my office and stuff like that. And I was doing my boxing
workout one day and the director came and says, "Do you know how to box?" I say, "Yeah." "Do you think you can teach it?" "Yeah, I can teach it. I'm a certified coach."
CÁRDENAS: So I've been teaching there for the last three and a half years. And people that I teach now are older people. No professionals there.
They're just fitness boxers, so I get to keep in the sport a little bit.
CÁRDENAS: And I still coach in my garage every now and then. My garage is converted into a boxing gym with the bags and weights and stuff like
that. And I train my sons how to do that.
CÁRDENAS: And every once in a while a young kid will drive by on his bicycle and look in there and I'll draw him in and teach him how to fight.
But it'll have to be—it'll have to be under the mandate that you're not going to use it to hurt anybody. It's for self-defense.
CÁRDENAS: If you want to compete, you come back to me, we'll get you into a real boxing program where you can get into good shape and you can compete
legally.
RAYMOND: In your office you showed us a young woman who you had coached—
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Yes.
RAYMOND: Is that—that's also through the Y?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Yes. I found her through the Y. Her name is Elena. Elena the Assassin. That's her name.
RAYMOND: [small laugh]
CÁRDENAS: Elena came—she was my very first student that came to me. She wanted to learn how to box. And her husband—was her boyfriend. They met
through my boxing class. He came in and they would train. My first two students and I trained them how to fight.
CÁRDENAS: And after two years of training her—or three years of training her—she wanted to compete. So I trained her to get ready for a fight,
which is whole—a different level, and I took her to Golden Gloves this year and she made it all the way to the finals and got out-pointed in the finals.
CÁRDENAS: But I am still very proud of her that she made it to the finals ‘cause she fought some tough girls from San Antonio that—But she fought and
she fought with honor and with dignity and didn't get knocked out. And she finished the fight and I was very, very proud of her.
CÁRDENAS: And her husband was there and everything like that, so it was a good experience for her. She still wants to fight more.
CÁRDENAS: But like anything else you have to train for it, so people will come into my gym all the time: "I want to fight." "Okay, let's see what
type of dedication you have." If they don't come religiously, I'm not gonna let 'em fight. Just the way it is. You know.
CÁRDENAS: You have to dedicate yourself to the sport otherwise you might get hurt. Even people that are well-trained get hurt in the ring. It's
just that type of sport.
CÁRDENAS: So, I'm enamored by the sport, especially old boxers that did that for their living. I mean they would fight two or three times a month to
support their families. Not like the professionals today—fight once or twice a year for millions of dollars.
CÁRDENAS: These fighters would fight to support their families, so the old fighters like James Braddock, the Cinderella Man; I'm enamored by him. And
Joe Louis. And some of the old fighters that fought during the Great Depression to survive. That's a lot of perseverance and dignity and honor in that.
CÁRDENAS: So, when you talk about guys like Mike Tyson—I'm not really enamored by him. He was a great fighter at one time, but then he dishonored
the sport by biting off Evander Holyfield's ear and things of this nature.
CÁRDENAS: It's—you know it's a brutal sport, but it's nonetheless a sport that has rules and dignity, and a lot of ring generalmanship and gentlemanship
and stuff like that. Sometimes it gets taken out of context, and it's just all about money and money and money, money.
CÁRDENAS: But I teach for a different reason. I teach young individuals, number one, to get in shape. And number two to build self-confidence and
respect their bodies and respect other people. Yeah.
RAYMOND: Honor is one of the words you said many times—
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Yes.
RAYMOND: —during this interview.
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: Important to me.
RAYMOND: It is. What else—what are you really proud of about this, your time, your service to Travis County? It sounds like honor is one of the
biggest, but are there other—? How would you describe—?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: —my career?
RAYMOND: Yeah. What are you proud about?
ARTHUR CÁRDENAS: I am proud of the fact that—my legacy. I want my legacy to be this—‘cause I'm gonna retire in a couple of years—that I
developed programs and mentoring programs and things of this nature for officers to excel and to be proud of themselves.
CÁRDENAS: A lot of people in this organization have done a lot of good things, but I want people to remember the fact that I started a mentoring
program for help—to help people promote—that I really want my officers to do the very best they can in all there is of their careers, and that I start different programs.
CÁRDENAS: And I was the warden out at Del Valle with—‘cause of my experience in SWAT, they said they needed a SWAT team out in the corrections
bureau to handle stuff. So I developed a tactical team out there. I'm very proud of them now.
CÁRDENAS: And they—in fact, they went to competition first time, and—up in Washington State, in that area, and rock prison—mock prison riot, and
they placed first time ever. Fourth place overall of all the fifty or so teams that were there.
CÁRDENAS: So, they've taken the discipline that I've showed them and they've expanded on that.
CÁRDENAS: I want to be considered a missionary ‘cause I'm an Oblate at heart. Oblates will go to a particular church or part of the world,
start a program, make sure it's up and running good, and then leave. So I want to be remembered as that.
CÁRDENAS: That I was a missionary person here, that I started these programs. Whether they remember me or not, that I started that, but the fact
that I started them is good enough for me. That—and that the organization is better that way, so.
CÁRDENAS: Accolades—They've told me I'm one of the most decorated officers in the Department. I don't know if that's true or not. If it is,
it's a good thing, I guess.
CÁRDENAS: But I'm proud of the fact that the officers that I've developed programs for are excelling and will one day be captains and lieutenants
and sergeants of that nature. So that's what I want—I'm proud of.
CÁRDENAS: I'm also proud of the two papers I've written that have been published.
CÁRDENAS: I published—I had a paper that I wrote called "Mentoring Our Own" when—and that's when I went to the Law Enforcement Management
Institute of Texas in 2000. I wrote that and it was published by the Texas Police Journal.
CÁRDENAS: And this year I had another paper published by the Texas Police Journal, and that was "Motivating the Unmotivated
Supervisor."
CÁRDENAS: Especially the ones that are ending their careers and don't want to do anything and to me that's distasteful. I want them to finish
their careers well.
CÁRDENAS: So I did a study on that and how to make those types of individuals become better supervisors so that they end their careers honorably,
not just retired on duty. And that got published by Texas Police Journal.
CÁRDENAS: And because of all the ICE stuff that's happening right now, I'm writing—I'm working on a paper right now so we can chronicle the
history of what happened here,
CÁRDENAS: and what our own problem was, and how we overcame our adversities, and how we can turn what could be a controversial thing into a
good thing, and how the Sheriffs can learn from that.
CÁRDENAS: So I'm working on that paper right now and hopefully somebody will publish that. So I'm proud of those things. Yeah.
RAYMOND: What do you hope to do when you retire?
CÁRDENAS: Well, I've got a lot of different things that I want to do. I'm—I love to cook and hopefully I can maybe become a
restaurant owner one day.
CÁRDENAS: Maybe—I've been offered jobs to be professional coach full time. Whether that's lucrative or not, I don't know. I don't think it
will be.
CÁRDENAS: I like to teach, so I may get my teaching degree and teach elementary level.
CÁRDENAS: And I've really—I think, don't tell anybody this, I want to be an author. I really want to write and do that. Yeah. My skills need some
polishing on that—to do that—to be—write a novel.
CÁRDENAS: I'm very good technical, I can do the research and write a technical term paper type of thing, but to write a novel, I think, would be
life-fulfilling and, to me, gratifying to do that. So I would like to do that, so we'll see what happens. Yeah.
RAYMOND: Thank you.
CÁRDENAS: You're welcome.
RAYMOND: Is there anything else you'd like to say?
CÁRDENAS: No. No. About Keith, I miss him. And—but I want us to remember his life.
CÁRDENAS: I mean, this building is dedicated to him, and I thank you for taking the time to remember him, and remember the work that he did,
CÁRDENAS: and to just hopefully, if anybody's still suffering in some degree from his death, that we come to terms with it and realize that the
pain will always be there, and it gets better as time gets on, but we always remember him and love him, and that's it.
RAYMOND: It's really been a privilege to hear all the things that you've taught me today, so.
Metadata
Title:
Interview with Arthur G. Cárdenas
Abstract:
Captain Arthur (Art) Cárdenas is a member of the Command Staff of the Travis County Sheriff's Office. A founding member of the Travis County SWAT Team, then-Sergeant Cárdenas trained Keith G. Ruíz in "SWAT School." Deputy Ruíz died in the line of duty on February 15, 2001, while attempting to serve a warrant on a suspected narcotics dealer in Del Valle, Travis County. In this interview, Captain Cárdenas recalls the perseverance, dedication, skills, and humor of Deputy Ruíz, and describes the emotional intimacy and sense of family that develops among officers. Captain Cárdenas also recounts his own path, from seminarian to law enforcement officer, married father of three sons, boxing coach, and writer. This interview took place on July 23, 2008 in Austin, Travis County, Texas.
Sequence:
1 of 1
Creators:
Arthur G. CárdenasRole: Narrator
Texas After Violence ProjectRole: Collaborator
Contributors:
Virginia Marie RaymondRole: Interviewer
Gabriel Daniel SolisRole: Videographer
Susanne MasonRole: Transcriber
Sabina Hinz-FoleyRole: Proofreader
Date Created:
2008/07/23
Languages:
eng
Type of Resource:
Moving image
Genre:
Interview
Identifier:
tav00004
Rights:
This electronic resource is made available by the University of Texas Libraries solely for the purposes of research, teaching and private study. All intellectual property rights are retained by the legal copyright holders. The University of Texas does not hold the copyright to the content of this file. Formal permission to reuse or republish this content must be obtained from the copyright holder.
| 50,679 |
Political commentary from the LA Times
Montana Gov. Brian Schweitzer makes the most of the spotlight
August 27, 2008 | 10:03
am
DENVER -- Montana Democrats no doubt will revel in Barack Obama's appearance in Billings today, his last campaign stop before heading here. But they already had reason to be excited this morning -- their offbeat and folksy governor, Brain Schweitzer, was the surprise hit of the party's national convention Tuesday night, garnering rave reviews for a rousing speech.
Schweitzer, who is 52, was sandwiched on the program between keynote speaker Mark Warner and the evening's much-anticipated climax, Hillary Clinton's speech.
"Who's going to lead us there, as the next president of the United States?" "Barack Obama."
Schweitzer revved up the Pepsi Center, and Clinton took it from there.
[UPDATE: The governor may have done himself one better this morning. Appearing at a breakfast meeting of the Florida convention delegation, he got his listeners barking!].
We encountered Schweitzer earlier in the week and he's clearly enthused about Obama's chances of carrying ...
Montana and its three electoral votes (which normally would be all-but-conceded to the Republican ticket at this point--Bill Clinton in 1992 aside).
He noted that Obama's trip there today represents his fifth stop in a state not known for attracting presidential candidates.
His assessment of the status of the fight for Montana between Obama and John McCain? "It's a dead-danged tie!"
Yes, he relishes talking like that. But its also worth noting that Schweitzer -- who was first elected four years ago and appears headed for a second term in this November's vote -- holds a master's degree in soil science, spent several years working overseas on irrigation projects and speaks Arabic.
A rube, in short, he is not.
-- Don Frederick
Photo credit: Associated Press
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| 2,096 |
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post6011745701689562550..comments2016-12-09T05:13:42.848-05:00Comments on Vodkamom: Reason 5,435,529 why Tightwad loves me.Vodka Momhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-33279779377870370002010-01-19T11:04:20.435-05:002010-01-19T11:04:20.435-05:00Tell him not to worry! Wait until Golden boy start...Tell him not to worry! Wait until Golden boy starts driving, then you will have to gravel that lawn!!!Hollywood Farm Filmshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-2737240651428381722010-01-17T20:51:51.685-05:002010-01-17T20:51:51.685-05:00Yikes. Better luck next year. :)Yikes. Better luck next year. :)Banohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-65625122010357529482010-01-17T19:52:15.862-05:002010-01-17T19:52:15.862-05:00LOL!! Whoops...I would have done the same thing, t...LOL!! Whoops...I would have done the same thing, truthfully!!Bethanyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-61086932769104869532010-01-17T18:49:58.685-05:002010-01-17T18:49:58.685-05:00I suppose you could pray for snow before he gets h...I suppose you could pray for snow before he gets home. If that doesn't work, just lie like hell!Charhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-25700288116973240972010-01-17T17:16:31.902-05:002010-01-17T17:16:31.902-05:00At least it's only your yard! Every time I do ...At least it's only your yard! Every time I do it I swerve back and forth between my yard and my neighbors so my hubby has to reseed both my yard and my neighbors!<br /><br />I included this in my Sunday Funnies!<br />http://tinyurl.com/y9mwgjbMama Bhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-11902386146212602852010-01-17T15:58:59.896-05:002010-01-17T15:58:59.896-05:00Last year, Dani and I learned how to turn around i...Last year, Dani and I learned how to turn around in the grass without wrecking it and drive past the second car in the driveway. I'll send her over to show you how it's done.Joanie Mhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-91604764032257428322010-01-17T15:31:32.644-05:002010-01-17T15:31:32.644-05:00Great effort. I have noticed along the lane here ...Great effort. I have noticed along the lane here several cars with dents in them, that I am sure were not there before all that snow and ice stuff made driving and steering so hazardous xxxNorthWestLondonGirlInTheCountryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-44181268138362378112010-01-17T13:28:34.738-05:002010-01-17T13:28:34.738-05:00Nice! My husband fell in love with me all over ag...Nice! My husband fell in love with me all over again the day I drove ever so gently into the side of the house. That garage door opening is always shifting!Birdie3008http://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-36424187999436432682010-01-17T13:13:46.397-05:002010-01-17T13:13:46.397-05:00Run far. I have a playhouse the kids aren't us...Run far. I have a playhouse the kids aren't using, we can hide you there. If they catch you before you get here, I'd ground that Golden Boy for ratting you out.Diane J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-78887209000037312942010-01-17T13:07:02.966-05:002010-01-17T13:07:02.966-05:00Video would be awesome.Video would be awesome.Pseudonymous High School Teacherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-45971309896379499462010-01-17T12:29:31.603-05:002010-01-17T12:29:31.603-05:00What was reason 5,435,527? I thought that's th...What was reason 5,435,527? I thought that's the number that we were up to, no?Marinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-89194888387255084622010-01-17T12:11:03.028-05:002010-01-17T12:11:03.028-05:00To make you feel better I will post pictures of wh...To make you feel better I will post pictures of what I did to my yard trying to back up and then you can laugh at me and it will make you feel better because surely you would never make THAT big of a mess. Just saying, when you are afraid you will get in trouble, always point at something else and said "At least I didn't do that!"Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-29381826101625982272010-01-17T11:51:23.785-05:002010-01-17T11:51:23.785-05:00obviously it is aliens having trouble with their c...obviously it is aliens having trouble with their crop circles. lol.Brian Millerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-53248816849882966902010-01-17T10:46:34.522-05:002010-01-17T10:46:34.522-05:00Barely noticable. I'm sure he'll miss it e...Barely noticable. I'm sure he'll miss it entirely.Kate Coveny Hoodhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-68106509720636565502010-01-17T10:15:22.785-05:002010-01-17T10:15:22.785-05:00I did that one time, BUT I went into the neighbor&...I did that one time, BUT I went into the neighbor's yard. I blamed it on pregnant brain and made my husband go talk to them about it - and apologize profusely while offering to fix it when spring rolled around.Under the Influencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-45900939582050289952010-01-17T09:39:36.219-05:002010-01-17T09:39:36.219-05:00Thats great ..now how many people can do a hundred...Thats great ..now how many people can do a hundred point turn...incredible..!Robinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-49615686178272248222010-01-17T09:15:04.130-05:002010-01-17T09:15:04.130-05:00Wasn't that nice of you? Giving him a summer j...Wasn't that nice of you? Giving him a summer job. He's going to thank you for that later.Michelehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-35158145327025976512010-01-17T09:05:05.323-05:002010-01-17T09:05:05.323-05:00OMG that is so funny! You can come hide at my hous...OMG that is so funny! You can come hide at my house!Christyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-75014806079325968922010-01-17T08:51:20.306-05:002010-01-17T08:51:20.306-05:00Righteous mud slides are the best kind! High five!...Righteous mud slides are the <i>best</i> kind! High five!Irish Gumbohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-23842155261858075282010-01-17T08:20:05.813-05:002010-01-17T08:20:05.813-05:00Damn UPS guy it's so rude what he did to your ...Damn UPS guy it's so rude what he did to your grass! Try that one!Frauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-16094365952619729642010-01-17T08:05:41.572-05:002010-01-17T08:05:41.572-05:00Dang, girl. Could you have blamed it on the dog?Dang, girl. Could you have blamed it on the dog?Bethhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-72127031909814213262010-01-17T07:34:55.688-05:002010-01-17T07:34:55.688-05:00You can come and hide here. When it snowed, we cou...You can come and hide here. When it snowed, we couldn't even get our car <i>close</i> to our house. And you'd struggle to drive onto our lawn - it's a few feet above the road. Yep, I think I can safely hide you without worrying about possible damage!Rachel Cotterillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-82063812100950234602010-01-17T07:07:57.955-05:002010-01-17T07:07:57.955-05:00Don't you worry, he still has plenty of reason...Don't you worry, he still has plenty of reasons to love you and want you!<br /><br />SecretiaSecretiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-21195894382993536972010-01-17T00:38:21.271-05:002010-01-17T00:38:21.271-05:00crazy!crazy!Maggie Mayhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]:blogger.com,1999:blog-4742202280973813643.post-27745193819570724432010-01-17T00:35:02.735-05:002010-01-17T00:35:02.735-05:00opps, I would never do such a thing. [i do lie fro...opps, I would never do such a thing. [i do lie from time to time]Vodka Logichttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]
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