nasa-ibm-ai4science/SDO_training

ML-Ready Multi-Modal Image Dataset from SDO

Overview

This dataset provides machine learning (ML)-ready solar data curated from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), covering observations from May 13, 2010, to July 31, 2024. It includes Level-1.5 processed data from: Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI).

The dataset is designed to facilitate large-scale learning applications in heliophysics, such as space weather forecasting, unsupervised representation learning, and scientific foundation model development.

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Dataset Structure

Data Variables:

- aia94    (y, x) float32   : AIA 94 Å
- aia131   (y, x) float32   : AIA 131 Å
- aia171   (y, x) float32   : AIA 171 Å
- aia193   (y, x) float32   : AIA 193 Å
- aia211   (y, x) float32   : AIA 211 Å
- aia304   (y, x) float32   : AIA 304 Å
- aia335   (y, x) float32   : AIA 335 Å
- aia1600  (y, x) float32   : AIA 1600 Å (UV continuum)
- hmi_m    (y, x) float32   : HMI LOS Magnetogram
- hmi_bx   (y, x) float32   : HMI Magnetic Field - x component
- hmi_by   (y, x) float32   : HMI Magnetic Field - y component
- hmi_bz   (y, x) float32   : HMI Magnetic Field - z component
- hmi_v    (y, x) float32   : HMI Doppler Velocity

Dataset Details

Field	Description
Temporal Coverage	May 13, 2010 – Dec 31, 2024
Data Format	netCDF (.nc), float32
Temporal Granularity	12 minutes
Data Shape	[13, 4096, 4096] per file
Channels	13 total (AIA EUV ×8 + HMI magnetograms ×5)
Size per File	~570 MB
Total Size	~360TB

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Notes

Training Data for 1 month is available on Huggingface parallel to the main branch as Parquet files.

The full dataset is located in AWS S3 buckets. Note that full dataset is over 360 TB. Users can see the full list of files using the below command.

aws s3 ls s3://nasa-surya-bench --no-sign-request

To download the individual files from aws S3 buckets, they can utilize the tutorial in the link [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/download-objects.html]. There are different options available for downloading and syncing data from S3.

Authors Sujit Roy, Dinesha Vasanta Hegde, Johannes Schmude, Amy Lin, Vishal Gaur, Talwinder Singh, Rohit Lal corr: [email protected]