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Is "one out of ten" plural or singular? | "1 out of 100 chickens is" or "1 out of 100 chickens are"? | Is this correct? "One of the things that makes him great is..." | eng_Latn | 17,300 |
Who and That : Pronouns or Relative Pronouns | How to use "who" vs. "that" | Is it correct to use that/which in the relative clause when it is referring to the place as an object pronoun? | eng_Latn | 17,301 |
1.there are robots all around,making our lives easier.\n2.there are robots all around which make our lives easier.\n3.there are robots all around,they make our lives easier. | None because:\n\n1.) There are robots all around making our lives easier.\n(took out comma)\n\n2.) There are robots all around, which make our lives easier.\n(added comma)\n*Note: This seems to be incorrect, so I will say that the answer MAY be #2, depending on how you were taught English.\n\n3.) There are robots all around; they make our lives easier.\n(changed comma into semicolon) | “Who” and whoever” are subjective pronouns; “whom” and “whomever” are in the objective case. As simple and important as that distinction is, many people have difficulty deciding on the proper usage of “who” and “whom” in sentences. \n The two sentences below illustrate the easy usage in which “who” is clearly the subject and “whom”clearly the object. In such simple cases, virtually everyone can determine the proper choice: \n\n Who is that masked man? (subject) \n\n The men, four of whom are ill, were indicted for fraud. (object) \n\nThree “easy-to-use” rules\nso you'll always get it correct\n\n Rule #1: Substitute “he/him” or “she/her”: If it's either “he” or “she,” then it's who; if it's “him” or “her,” then it's whom.\n\n Rule #2: Every verb with a tense in a sentence must have a subject. And that word is always in the nominative case, so it's "who." For example: In this sentence, “I decided to vote for whoever called me first”:\n • “I” is the subject of “decided”\n • “he” (whoever) is the subject of the verb “called.”\n\n In the sentence, “Give it to whoever deserves it”:\n • The implied “you” is the subject of “give”\n • "he" (whoever) is the subject of the verb “deserves.”\n This rule supersedes the first rule as it relates to who” and “whom.”\n\n Note: Related to this rule is one that says: The subject of a phrase is always attached to that phrase -- no matter what. For example:\n Ask whoever reads that book to answer the question.\n\n Break down the sentence thusly:\n (You) ask him (he reads that book) to answer the question.\n\n In the phrase “he reads that book,” you cannot separate the subject “he” from the phrase to which it is attached.\n\n If you remember these two rules -- substitute “he/him” or “she/her,” and that every verb with a tense must have a subject -- you should solve the "who/whom" quandary every time.\n\n If you apply those two rules and you're still not sure, apply the all-important Rule #3.\n\n Rule #3: If it takes more than a 30 seconds to figure it out, pick the one that sounds best to the ear (read it aloud) and move on. Why? Because even grammarians are likely to squabble over which to use. But always -- always -- apply rules #1 and #2 first. | eng_Latn | 17,302 |
Common household items, like aftershave for men, cleaning products around the house, and so forth. Even vinegar for cooking versus cleaning uses? | You can translate the words directly\nwww.wordreference.com (pretty accurate) | You would say "My problem is my homework". The word "homework" can mean one piece of homework or many pieces of homework.\n\nI am not exactly sure what you mean. The example you gave does not really help clarify it for me. Do you possibly mean some confusion about "collective nouns" such as committee, government, family?? \n\nGenerally the topic is subject/verb agreement - if the subject is plural then the verb is usually plural. Collective nouns can be exceptions.\n\nIs the confusion about the fact that nouns and verbs usually form their plurals in opposite ways? With nouns you add "s" but with verbs you take away the "s". \n\nI know that English grammar can be very confusing, but I cannot really identify your issue. If you can clarify and repost your question you may get better answers. Sorry I couldn't be of more help. | eng_Latn | 17,303 |
Were they able to live a normal live or did they experience problems? Although assigned as a boy, did they end up living as a girl. The same with girls, did they start to live as a boy? Were they able to handle this change okay? | I can sympathize with you. I am and always have been female through and through but it must be very difficult for you.\nI would love to hear sometime what is feels like to be in a male body yet feel like a female. It is hard to imagine.\nIs it just a craving to wear woman's clothes and makeup?\nI just have no frame of reference, since it was always my body, changing, cycling, having hips and boobs, and my love of flowers, colors, furnishings, men, and animals, that made me think like a woman.\nI wonder if it isn't just a desire to be seductive the way a woman is that is the appeal of it. | “Who” and whoever” are subjective pronouns; “whom” and “whomever” are in the objective case. As simple and important as that distinction is, many people have difficulty deciding on the proper usage of “who” and “whom” in sentences. \n The two sentences below illustrate the easy usage in which “who” is clearly the subject and “whom”clearly the object. In such simple cases, virtually everyone can determine the proper choice: \n\n Who is that masked man? (subject) \n\n The men, four of whom are ill, were indicted for fraud. (object) \n\nThree “easy-to-use” rules\nso you'll always get it correct\n\n Rule #1: Substitute “he/him” or “she/her”: If it's either “he” or “she,” then it's who; if it's “him” or “her,” then it's whom.\n\n Rule #2: Every verb with a tense in a sentence must have a subject. And that word is always in the nominative case, so it's "who." For example: In this sentence, “I decided to vote for whoever called me first”:\n • “I” is the subject of “decided”\n • “he” (whoever) is the subject of the verb “called.”\n\n In the sentence, “Give it to whoever deserves it”:\n • The implied “you” is the subject of “give”\n • "he" (whoever) is the subject of the verb “deserves.”\n This rule supersedes the first rule as it relates to who” and “whom.”\n\n Note: Related to this rule is one that says: The subject of a phrase is always attached to that phrase -- no matter what. For example:\n Ask whoever reads that book to answer the question.\n\n Break down the sentence thusly:\n (You) ask him (he reads that book) to answer the question.\n\n In the phrase “he reads that book,” you cannot separate the subject “he” from the phrase to which it is attached.\n\n If you remember these two rules -- substitute “he/him” or “she/her,” and that every verb with a tense must have a subject -- you should solve the "who/whom" quandary every time.\n\n If you apply those two rules and you're still not sure, apply the all-important Rule #3.\n\n Rule #3: If it takes more than a 30 seconds to figure it out, pick the one that sounds best to the ear (read it aloud) and move on. Why? Because even grammarians are likely to squabble over which to use. But always -- always -- apply rules #1 and #2 first. | eng_Latn | 17,304 |
There is a lot of people OR There are a lot of people ????? | There ARE a lot of people - people is plural, so you use the plural form 'are.' | "Who" is used when it is the subject of the clause in which it appears. "Whom" is the object of a verb or preposition. Try to substitute another pronoun in its place and see how the sentence sounds. If "he" or "she" or "we" or "they" sounds correct then use "who". If "him" or "her" or "us" or "them" sounds correct, then use "whom". \n\nYou would say "He is going to the movie", not "Him is going to the movie, so you say "Who is going to the movie?", not "Whom is going to the movie?"\n\nYou say "These books are for us", not "These books are for we", so you should say "For whom are these books?", not "For who are these books?"\n\n"She is the winner" is right; "Her is the winner" is wrong. Therefore say "Susan, who is the winner, is sitting over there.", not "Susan, whom is the winner, is sitting over there."\n\n"Give them the money" is right. "Give they the money" is wrong.\n"Give whom the money?" is right. "Give who the money?" is wrong. | eng_Latn | 17,305 |
Hypothetical: Married couple buys house. They divorce. He gives her a quit claim deed. Who owns the house? | if he gives a quit claim deed and she accepts, then she owns the house. The brother has to sue the husband for damages from him relinquishing his rights to the property to the wife.\n\nHere's a question for you: Is this a community property state and did the husband sign a contract with his brother without his wife's signature? ;)\n\nRegards | The rule states that a past participle must agree with its direct object if the direct object precedes it.\n\nWith a "que" clause, the direct object is normally right before the "que" as in\n\nLa robe que j'ai achetee est tres belle. "Robe" is the subject of the sentence but the direct object of the "que" clause and thus the extra "e" for agreement.\n\nAnother example: J'ai vu les memes films que tu as vus. "Films" is the direct object of the "que" clause thus the extra "s".\n\nOne more example: Connais-tu les filles que j'ai rencontrees? "filles" is the direct object of the "que" clause thus the agreement "es"\n\nIn each example the direct object comes right before the "que" and that normally is the case.\n\n"Qui" is used as a subject, therefore the rule does not apply. Je vois le garcon qui a gagne le match. I see the boy who won the game. "Match" is the direct object of the "qui" clause. It comes after the verb, therefore no agreement is needed. Hope this helps. | eng_Latn | 17,306 |
do the first 4 teams in the English premier league qualify automatically for the European champions league ? | The top two teams go straight into the Group Stages while the 3rd and 4th team, go through a qualifying game(against other European teams). However next year the 4th team in the league may not enter the Tournament if Arsenal win this years tournament but fail to finish in the top 4 places. | The rule states that a past participle must agree with its direct object if the direct object precedes it.\n\nWith a "que" clause, the direct object is normally right before the "que" as in\n\nLa robe que j'ai achetee est tres belle. "Robe" is the subject of the sentence but the direct object of the "que" clause and thus the extra "e" for agreement.\n\nAnother example: J'ai vu les memes films que tu as vus. "Films" is the direct object of the "que" clause thus the extra "s".\n\nOne more example: Connais-tu les filles que j'ai rencontrees? "filles" is the direct object of the "que" clause thus the agreement "es"\n\nIn each example the direct object comes right before the "que" and that normally is the case.\n\n"Qui" is used as a subject, therefore the rule does not apply. Je vois le garcon qui a gagne le match. I see the boy who won the game. "Match" is the direct object of the "qui" clause. It comes after the verb, therefore no agreement is needed. Hope this helps. | eng_Latn | 17,307 |
What's the difference between people and persons? | What's the main difference between the words "people" and "persons"? | Should there be a law to force people to correctly use a person's preferred pronoun? | eng_Latn | 17,308 |
Is this sentence grammatically correct "Volunteered at both the front desk and later in Pre-Operation and Post-Operation surgical units."? | Is this sentence grammatically correct? "Volunteered at both the front desk and later in Pre-Operation and Post-Operation surgical units." | Is the following sentence correct? "I, as well as my teammates, eats lunch in the cafeteria", should it take singular or plural verb? | eng_Latn | 17,309 |
what is a relative personal pronoun | In English grammar, a relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces an adjective clause (also called a relative clause). The standard relative pronouns in English are which, that, who, whom, and whose. Who and whom refer only to people. Which refers to things, qualities, and ideasânever to people. | LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST. noun. The definition of a personal pronoun is a pronoun in a sentence or phrase that refers to a specific person or object. An example of a personal pronoun is the word he in the sentence, He went on a hike.. | eng_Latn | 17,310 |
Word Combination question | Reason for Subject-Verb Inversion: Only in cases where A is B, shall the Company do X | Debugging using Nvidia Nsight 2.2 in Visual Studio 2010 | fra_Latn | 17,311 |
Using nominative "I" instead of objective "me" in plural phrases | Should I put myself last? "me and my friends" vs. "my friends and me" or "my friends and I" | How to calculate hash value of a file in Java? | eng_Latn | 17,312 |
are mom and dad capitalized | Grammar with 60+ answers. You should only capitalize mom and dad when they are used as a name. Whenever they are preceded by my they should not be capitalized. For example, when writing I love you, Mom, you would capitalize mom because Mom is used as a name. When writing I think my mom is awesome, you wouldn't capitalize mom because in that case mom is used as just a word to describe a familial relationship, and it's not being used as a name. One rule of thumb is that if you can replace mom with an actual name and it still makes sense, then you should capitalize. | âPersonâ and âcitizenâ do not need to be capitalized as they are ordinary terms, not titles. âShe, he, us and weâ are also not capitalized for the same reasons, save beginning a sentence. The same goes for brother, sister, cousin, mother, father, aunt, uncle, grandmother or grandfather. | eng_Latn | 17,313 |
is the word their singular or plural | Because he is no longer accepted as a generic pronoun referring to a person of either sex, it has become common in speech and in informal writing to substitute the third-person plural pronouns they, them, their, and themselves, and the nonstandard singular themself. | Yes, they is normally plural, and everyone takes a singular verb. But this is a case for saying, simply, they is both singular and plural.. After all, you is both singular and plural, after going down a long and winding etymological road. And singular they is no more absurd than sexless he. | eng_Latn | 17,314 |
difference between first and second person | The use of first, second, and third person creates the perspective or point of view of a piece of writing. Writing in first person uses the personal pronouns I, we, me, and us, and the possessive forms my, mine, our, and ours; while second person uses you, and the possessives your and yours.. | For information about pronoun case see the TIP Sheet Pronouns.) First person pronouns are all those that can refer to the speaker(s): I, me, we, us. Second person pronouns refer to the person(s) spoken to: you. And third person pronouns refer to what is spoken of: he, him, she, her, it, they, them. | eng_Latn | 17,315 |
what does invariable mean | INVARIABLE Dictionary entry overview: What does invariable mean? ⢠INVARIABLE (noun) The noun INVARIABLE has 1 sense: 1. a quantity that does not vary Familiarity information: INVARIABLE used as a noun is very rare. ⢠INVARIABLE (adjective) The adjective INVARIABLE has 1 sense: 1. not liable to or capable of change Familiarity information: INVARIABLE used as an adjective is very rare. | You are right in stating the rule: Invariable adjectives (usually a noun being used as an adjective) don't change form regardless of whether they're describing something that is singular or plural. There aren't many such adjectives, the most common being macho (male) and hembra (female), so it is possible to talk about, for example, las jirafas macho, the male giraffes, and las jirafas hembra, the female giraffes. | eng_Latn | 17,316 |
what is demonstrative | Updated April 10, 2017. In grammar, a demonstrative is a determiner or a pronoun that points to a particular noun or to the noun it replaces. There are four demonstratives in English: the near demonstratives this and these, and the far demonstratives that and those. This and that are singular; these and those are plural. | 1 vocative masculine singular of dÄmonstrÄtÄ«vus. 2 demonstrative in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press. â demonstrativeâ in Félix Gaffiot (1934), Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Paris: Hachette. | eng_Latn | 17,317 |
is faculty singular noun or plural noun | Faculty is a collective noun. A collective noun is singular in form yet identifies a group of individuals . When the group acts as a single unit, choose a singular verb. When group members act individually, choose a plural verb. One Single Unit: The staff is hardworking and well trained. | Name: ____________________________________________. Singular and Plural Pronouns. A singular pronoun takes the place of a singular noun. The girl went to the store. Girl is a singular noun. She went to the store. The pronoun she takes the place of the noun, girl. She is a singular pronoun. A plural pronoun takes the place of a plural noun or more than one noun. | eng_Latn | 17,318 |
what is a antecedent | Antecedent (logic) An antecedent is the first half of a hypothetical proposition, whenever the if-clause precedes the then-clause. It is also known for a person's principles to a possible or hypothetical issue. In some contexts the antecedent is called the protasis. Examples: | A pronoun antecedent is a word that comes before a pronoun to which the pronoun refers. Following are definitions of antecedent as well as a review about the types of pronoun, information about the functions of an antecedent in a sentence, and examples of how to use in a sentence. The word âantecedentâ means something that precedes something else. In language, it is the word that a pronoun refers back to. Since the pronoun replaces the noun, it has to agree in number. So, if the antecedent, or word that comes before, is singular, then the pronoun that takes its place must also be singular. | eng_Latn | 17,319 |
everyone is or are grammar | 'Everyone is' is the correct version. Although 'everyone' sounds like a lot of people, it is actually a singular pronoun, and therefore requires a singular verb. Same goes for the indefinite pronouns everybody, anybody, anyone, someone, somebody, anything, everything, no one, nothing. You could probably think of it as a collective noun. | everybody / everyone / everything. It is true that everybody and everyone refers to everybody and everyone in a group of people and everything refers to everything in a group of things. Even so, they are still perceived individually or as a totality, so the singular verb form is still maintained: | eng_Latn | 17,320 |
is you a personal pronoun | Download version. Overview: Personal pronouns take the place of nouns that refer to people, places, and things. Pronoun usage is one of the top ten problems beginning college writers struggle with because they primarily use the pronouns I, you, and they as the subjects of their sentences in normal conversation. | Mihi is a personal pronoun and the translation is to/for me. Here is the complete personal pronoun list. Views. | eng_Latn | 17,321 |
what is singular for they | THEY/THEIR (SINGULAR). Using the plural pronoun to refer to a single person of unspecified gender is an old and honorable pattern in English, not a newfangled bit of degeneracy or a politically correct plot to avoid sexism (though it often serves the latter purpose). | A singular noun is a word for one person, place, or thing. A plural noun is a word for two or more people, places, or things. A possessive noun is a noun indicatâ¦ing ownership, possession, origin, or purpose. Singular possessive nouns are formed by adding an apostrophe s ('s) to the end of the word. | eng_Latn | 17,322 |
difference between first second and third person | First, Second and Third Person Forms of Personal Pronouns. Pronouns naturally are of three persons:â. (1) First person, representing the person speaking. (2) Second person, representing a person or thing spoken to. (3) Third person, standing for a person or thing spoken of. | However, if one was to say They went to the store. it would be third person point of view as the self is not involved in the statement The first person is I or Me The second person is you The third person is he or she. | eng_Latn | 17,323 |
what pronoun is themselves | The pronoun themselves is the third person, plural, reflexive pronoun and an intensive pronoun. 1 A reflexive pronoun is used to 'reflect back' to its antecedent. 2 An intensive pronoun is used to emphasize its antecedent. | The word 'they' is not a noun. The word 'they' is a personal pronoun, a word that takes the place of a noun for a plural noun or two or more nouns as the subject ⦠of a sentence or a clause. Example: My parents are coming to visit. | eng_Latn | 17,324 |
definition of either or | either or. The definition of either or is an expression used to indicate that there are only two options or that both of two options are acceptable or equivalent. An example of either or is when you are offered either spaghetti or cereal for dinner and are different between the two so you say either or to indicate that both would work. | Definition. A pronoun (I, me, he, she, herself, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever, whose, someone, everybody, etc.) is a word that takes the place of a noun. In the sentence Joe saw Jill, and he waved at her, the pronouns he and her take the place of Joe and Jill, respectively. | eng_Latn | 17,325 |
when do i use a plural verb | This kind of thing used to trip me up, too, as a subject with multiple nouns in it seems like it should always be plural. But that isnât always the case. The way you group the items determines whether itâs a singular subject or a plural subject (and whether youâd use the plural verb have or the singular has). Let me explain. Sentence subjects that have independent nouns connected by and are plural, thus requiring plural verbs (such as have). One trick to tell if the nouns are independent from each other is to divide the sentence into two sentences and see if the meaning stays the same. | Both are past tense be verbs so you use them to show past tense. Was = singular. So use was when you have a singular subject eg He was, I was, the doctor was, Were = plural. â¦So use were when you have plural subjects eg We were, they were, the doctors were. I was busy last week. The doctors were busy last week. | eng_Latn | 17,326 |
why might a writer choose to write in third-person limited? | The third person creates more distance from the character and his/her thoughts. Therefore the writer can focus on the actions of the character. First person POV can become a bit of a âtell-festâ (tell, tell, tell), but third person really puts the action back into the scenes. | It is a common misconception that writing in third person allows you to show the POV of all characters fairly equally. The reality is, you can show them fairly, but not usually equally--readers still need something specific with which to identify. | eng_Latn | 17,327 |
singular noun list nouns | As you can see, we do not add -s to form the plural form. Here is a list of nouns that follow the same pattern, always with an example of use (you can read about a special case of nouns that end with an âsâ in the singular in a separate article): aircraft, hovercraft, spacecraft, and other â-craftâ vehicles. There are two aircraft prepared for landing. | Phonics on the Web Plural Nouns. A noun is a type of word which refers to a person, place, or thing. Nouns can be conjugated in either singular or plural form. A singular noun refers to just one person, place, or thing (for example, a bat or a ship).A plural noun refers to multiple people, places, or things (for example, bats or ships). The majority of English count nouns are regular and predictable in the spelling of the plural form 1. singular noun refers to just one person, place, or thing (for example, a bat or a ship). A plural noun refers to multiple people, places, or things (for example, bats or ships). The majority of English count nouns are regular and predictable in the spelling of the plural form 1. | eng_Latn | 17,328 |
what is a personal subject pronoun | Rule 1. Subject pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. You can remember subject pronouns easily by filling in the blank subject space for a simple sentence. Example: ___ did the job. I, he, she, we, they, who, whoever, etc., all qualify and are, therefore, subject pronouns. Rule 2. | No, the word 'they' is a personal pronoun. A personal pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun for a specific person or thing. The personal pronoun 'they ⦠' takes the place of a plural noun, or two or more nouns as the subject of a sentence or a clause. | eng_Latn | 17,329 |
what is a singular noun | Quite simply, a singular noun is a noun that refers to only one person, one place, one thing, or one idea. If you look at one object and name it, you have an example of a singular noun. For example there is one lamp on my bookcase and one chair at my desk. | Plural Nouns. A plural noun is a word that describes more than one person, place, or thing. In kindergarten, children practice forming regular plural nouns orally by adding /s/ or /es/ to familiar common nouns (e.g., dog, dogs; wish, wishes). First grade students begin to practice noun-verb agreement as well as spelling plural nouns correctly. | eng_Latn | 17,330 |
what are singular nouns | Plural Nouns. You may know that a noun identifies a person, place, thing, or idea. A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea, while a plural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea. There are a few basic rules to remember when it comes to turning a singular noun into a plural noun. 1. Most singular nouns need an 's' at the end to become plural. These are the easy ones. You can just add an 's' to alien, taco, or skateboard, for example, and you instantly have aliens, tacos, and skateboards. | Definition & Meaning. A Plural noun means more than one item. Examples of plural nouns are beds, boys, girls, books and cats. They are created by adding a letter 's' to the end of a word or by adding 'es' such as in churches, boxes or witches. | eng_Latn | 17,331 |
is everyone single or plural | It is an adjective that serves to modify nouns. Nouns modified by every are singular and must be written in such a manner. For example: Every <person> involved in the crash died. The reason for this singularity is because the word every literally means each, and refers to a single entity. Moreover, another reason for this is every is derived from the terms everything and everyone.. Notice here that obviously thing and one are singular objects. | Jury = plural; disagree, have told = plural verbs; they = a plural pronoun. Not everyone on the jury is thinking the same way. Whenever you cannot decide if a collective noun is singular or plural, exercise your options as a writer. | eng_Latn | 17,332 |
is you're possessive pronoun | Definition. A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that can take the place of a noun phrase to show ownership (as in This phone is mine ). The weak possessives (also called possessive determiners) function as determiners in front of nouns (as in My phone is broken). | The possessive pronoun 'yours' functions as both a singular and plural pronoun. Examples: Jack, the seat on the left is yours. (singular) Boys, the seaâ¦ts on the left are yours. (plural) Jack and Jill, the seats on the left are yours. | eng_Latn | 17,333 |
is her a common noun | The word 'her' is not a noun. The word 'her is a pronoun; an objective personal pronoun and a possessive adjective. A personal pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun for a specific person or thing. A possessive adjective is a word that is placed before a noun to describe that noun as belonging to a specific person or thing. | Affect is MOSTLY a verb, but sometimes a noun, and effect is MOSTLY a noun, but sometimes a verb. The most common way you will see these used is as follows: The news affected (verb) her dramatically. The effect (noun) of the news was dramatic. | eng_Latn | 17,334 |
when do you use i and me correctly in a sentence | To know whether you're the subject (I) or the object (me), first look for the verb (in she loves me, the verb is love). That's the subject. (She's doing the loving, so she's the subject). If you're the subject of the verb, you must use I. In all other cases, use me (after a preposition and for an object. The object of the sentence is the person the verb is being done to, so, in she loves me, the loving is being done to me.) Written Jul 5, 2013 ⢠View Upvotes. | It cannot function as the subj ⦠ect of a sentence. The proper subject pronoun is 'I'. However, although a sentence would not normally start with 'Me', in certain situations it is possible to start a sentence with the word Me: For example: 'Me' is an English word that means ..... | eng_Latn | 17,335 |
can i use are on a third person esssay | The third person point of view in an essay is characterized by the use of personal pronouns such as he, she, they or one rather than I, we or you. Formal essays as well as some types of informal essays are typically written in the third person. | 1 1) In the affirmative commands you use the 3rd person (el, él, ella) usted singular present; 2 tense) 2 in the affirmative commands you use the Regular tu tú present, tense form but drop. the s | eng_Latn | 17,336 |
is junior a suffix | In contrast to what @bib suggests, the APA reference requires that you include a comma between the first name and the suffix: Doe, John, Jr. (Also please note that the gentleman's official name will have a comma in it: John Doe, Junior or John Doe, Jr. .). | In contrast to what @bib suggests, the APA reference requires that you include a comma between the first name and the suffix: Doe, John, Jr. (Also please note that the gentleman's official name will have a comma in it: John Doe, Junior or John Doe, Jr. .). | eng_Latn | 17,337 |
Identifying environmental, social, and psychological correlates of meeting the recommended physical activity levels for colon cancer prevention among Japanese adults | Association of Sedentary Behavior with the Expression Levels of Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Analysis of 228 Patients | Path collective variables without paths | eng_Latn | 17,338 |
Information Technology innovations have strongly affected today’s businesses and the way we work. This effect involves different industries, and the healthcare industry is one of them. Various healthcare information systems have been introduced to manage and share patient records and information. However, based on the reviewed literatures, the healthcare knowledge management system does not have the same focus and attention. It is found that there is no system that is able to manage the tacit healthcare knowledge and innovation. As a result, this paper aims to introduce a theoretical framework that enables healthcare tacit knowledge management and global sharing. Digital Ecosystem is found to be the most suitable technology to achieve this aim; specifically with the wiki environment as it is most suitable for the healthcare industry requirements. | This paper introduces the rationale for positioning our research in Knowledge Management, specifically Knowledge Reuse and Learning in Systems Engineering, in the context of broader ‘collective intelligence’ scenarios and emerging knowledge ecosystems. It presents observations from the exploratory phase of our work, discusses motivating questions, and justifies the choice of the proposed future direction for this research. | Discussions of the coastal environment and its health can be improved by more precise use of terms and clarification of the relationship, if any, between the health of ecosystems and the risks to human health. Ecosystem health is seldom defined and, in any case, has to be regarded in different terms than human health. Ecosystem health should embody both the structure and function of the ecosystem. One attractive concept is to define the health of ecosystems in terms of their vigor, organization and resilience. From that perspective, the health of an ecosystem is reduced if it becomes a less vigorous producer of valuable living resources, less diverse and organized, and more susceptible to and slower to recover from stress. Useful indicators of ecosystem health should reflect these properties, but also be supported by understanding of cause and effect relationships generated through research. Significant challenges remain in the integration of indicators in terms of both their interrelationships and holistic significance. There is also a need to develop indicators that are relevant to emerging threats to coastal ecosystems. | eng_Latn | 17,339 |
Tidal energy is a renewable resource that can help meet growing energy demands, but uncertainties remain about potential environmental impacts of device installation and operation. Environmental monitoring programs are used to detect impacts and are a mandatory requirement of project operating licenses in the United States. Because tidal technology is new, studies describing environmental change due to tidal devices are rare, limiting information that can be used to characterize environmental impacts for monitoring requirements. Extreme Value Analysis (EVA) was used to characterize infrequent values from monitoring studies that are potentially associated with impact, defined as relevant biological change as a consequence of human activity, at a tidal energy site. EVA was adapted for monitoring aquatic organisms in the water column using an active acoustic dataset from Admiralty Inlet, a proposed tidal energy site. First derivatives were used to identify extreme value thresholds to improve precision of EVA parameters. Return level plots, which indicate the average period that extreme values are expected to appear, and uncertainty estimates of return level predictions, were generated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. Managers and site developers could use EVA to characterize rare values that may be associated with impacts, and tailor monitoring programs to include operational protocols for conditions under which these events occur. | Tidal energy is a renewable resource that can contribute towards meeting growing energy demands, but uncertainties remain about environmental impacts of device installation and operation. Environmental monitoring programs are used to detect and evaluate impacts caused by anthropogenic disturbances and are a mandatory requirement of project operating licenses in the United States. In the United Kingdom, consent conditions require monitoring of any adverse impacts on species of concern. While tidal turbine sites share similar physical characteristics (e.g. strong tidal flows), similarities in their biological characteristics have not been examined. To characterize the generality of biological attributes at tidal energy sites, metrics derived from acoustic backscatter describing temporal and spatial distributions of fish and macrozooplankton at Admiralty Inlet, Washington State and the Fall of Warness, Scotland were compared using t -tests, F -tests, linear regressions, spectral analysis, and extreme value analysis (EVA). EVA was used to characterize metric values that are rare but potentially associated with biological impacts, defined as relevant change as a consequence of human activity. Pelagic nekton densities were similar at both sites, as evidenced by no statistically significant difference in densities, and similar daily density patterns of pelagic nekton between sites. Biological characteristics were similar, suggesting that generic biological monitoring programs could be implemented at these two sites, which would streamline permitting, facilitate site comparison, and enable environmental impact detection associated with tidal energy deployment. | Background: Vital Exhaustion (VE) is a psychological construct that has been shown to be predictive for cardiac morbidity and mortality. There are not sufficient data which clarify whether the female population express this construct differentely comparing to males. This study aims to analyze the construct of Vital Exhaustion in a population of women admitted to a cardiac rehabilitation program. Material and Method: The selected sample consisted of 854 women with an average age of 58 years (SD ± 10.2). All patients were at their first hospitalization for a cardiac rehabilitation program. The tool used to analyze the construct of Vital Exhaustion was the B scale of the Cognitive Behavioural Assessment Hospital form (CBA-H). The study also analyzed the answers to the D scale of the CBA-H concerning aspects of lifestyle and behavioral habits. Results: The percentage of women with considerable value of Vital Exhaustion was very high (67.7%). Moreover, the group of women with higher Vital Exhaustion showed more dysfunctional habits (smoking, poor physical activity, incorrect diet) and more referred psychological problems as well as job and/or family distress and insomnia. 207 women (24.2%) of the sample belonged to economically active population; 136 (69%) of these women presented a high value of VE and 61 (31%) a low one. Among the employed women, 24% of the group with high VE value reported to be unsatisfied, while the same condition lowered at 9.6% in the group with low VE value (p=.004); moreover, 41.7% versus 18.5% (p=.000) described their working life as a source of tension. Conclusions: Considering a sample of female cardiac patients, this study shows that the construct of Vital Exhaustion is particularly present. It also appears that the construct of Vital Exhaustion can be interpreted as an indicator of lifestyle problems in women, helping health-professionals in selecting efficient educational and/or psychological interventions. | eng_Latn | 17,340 |
The notion of the agile workforce has been discussed as central to creating the agile organization, which achieves superior environmental responsiveness in contexts of turbulence and change. Previo... | This paper compares inter-organizational (IO) interaction and inter-organizational information systems (IOS) in public and private sector. The purpose of the paper is to explore differences and similarities between e-government and e-business focusing IOS and interaction. This is done in order to facilitate learning between the two fields. The point of departure is two case studies performed in private vs. public sectors. A comparative study is made using IO concepts from industrial markets that characterize an IO relationship (continuity, complexity, symmetry, and formality) and concepts that describe dimensions of such relationships (links, bonds, and ties). The results from the comparative study show that there are several similarities concerning interaction in relations between organizations in the two sectors. There are also differences depending on the level of analysis (empirical level vs. analytical level). The study shows the need to be explicit regarding organizational value, end-customer or client/citizen value and the type of objects that are exchanged in the interaction. | Obesity is a major public health concern in the U.S. As compared to whites, minority populations are disproportionately at risk, with the highest prevalence rates of overweight and obesity occurring among African American women. Although researchers and policymakers argue that environmental approaches have the greatest potential to reverse the rising prevalence of obesity, critical gaps remain in our understanding of the complex mechanisms that underlie the associations between neighborhood food environments and weight status. A major challenge has been the need for reliable and valid measures to assess aspects of the neighborhood food environment that encourage or inhibit healthful eating behaviors and weight management. Investigators have made considerable gains in the development of tools and approaches to measure neighborhood food environments overall, but few studies focus on the specific challenges and issues associated with characterizing neighborhood food environments in communities of color. This paper highlights important considerations for measuring food environments in African-American neighborhoods and their implications for developing programmatic and policy solutions to reduce racial disparities in overweight. | eng_Latn | 17,341 |
Adaptation: Altering the House to Restore the Home | A research project into the effectiveness of housing adaptations found some high levels of satisfaction but also examples where considerable expenditure had produced ineffective or even harmful outcomes. An analysis of the ethnographic material suggested that failure to take into account the meaning of home to those receiving adaptations was a cause of wasted expenditure. Alterations to the home that produced an unacceptable image of self that did not restore privacy and a sense of primal security, nor respect the respondent's control within their home, all produced unsatisfactory results. There was also evidence that disregard of home as a base for relationships and for childhood and a lack of understanding of the nodal nature of home and the importance of rootedness all had consequences in determining whether investment was efficient. This study lends weight to the case for including ‘meaning of home’ factors routinely in housing research. | On landscape architect Raymond Jungles and the influence of Burle Marx on his work. Features two residential gardens. Photos and comments on Jungles' favorite tropical plants and palms. | eng_Latn | 17,342 |
As stated in preamble to the 1997 PM National Ambient Air Quality Standards (40 CFR 50, 1997), the consistency of the results of the epidemiological studies from a large number of different locations and the coherent nature of the observed effects are suggestive of a likely causal role of ambient PM in contributing to the reported effects, which include premature mortality. | Ambient PM may have contributed to premature mortality. | Ambient PM was not found to be a contributing factor. | eng_Latn | 17,343 |
Both long and short-term exposures to ambient levels of air pollution have been associated with increased risk of premature mortality. | There is a linked between premature mortality and pollution. | The long term exposure to air pollution is healthy. | eng_Latn | 17,344 |
To measure this value, it is important to assess how reductions in air pollution reduce the risk of dying from the time that reductions take effect onward, and how individuals value these changes. | It is important to assess how reductions in air pollution reduce the risk of dying from the time that reductions take effect onward in order to measure this value. | To measure this value, assessing reductions in air pollution's effect on the risk of dying is unimportant. | eng_Latn | 17,345 |
Using the PACE EH model to mobilize communities to address local environmental health issues--a case study in Island County, Washington. | Development of an Environmental Health Addendum to the Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health | High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power | eng_Latn | 17,346 |
Purpose ::: The interpretation is a fundamental phase of life cycle assessment (LCA). It ensures the robustness and the reliability of the overall study. Moving towards more circular economy requires that different waste management options are systematically scrutinized to assess the environmental impacts and benefits associated to them. The present work aims at illustrating how a sensitivity analysis could be applied to the impact assessment step supporting the interpretation of a LCA study applied to a waste management system that includes material recovering. The focus is on toxicity-related and resource-related potential impacts as they are considered among the most critical ones, which may affect the way the final benefit from material recovery is evaluated. | This paper reports some of the findings of the 'GERLA' project: GEstione Rifiuti in Lombardia - Analisi del ciclo di vita (Waste management in Lombardia - Life cycle assessment). The project was devoted to support Lombardia Region in the drafting of the new waste management plan by applying a life cycle thinking perspective. The present paper mainly focuses on four Provinces in the Region, which were selected based on their peculiarities. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was adopted as the methodology to assess the current performance of the integrated waste management systems, to discuss strengths and weaknesses of each of them and to design their perspective evolution as of year 2020. Results show that despite a usual business approach that is beneficial to all the provinces, the introduction of technological and management improvements to the system provides in general additional energy and environmental benefits for all four provinces. The same improvements can be easily extended to the whole Region, leading to increased environmental benefits from the waste management sector, in line with the targets set by the European Union for 2020. | The effectiveness of home-based early behavioral interventions for children (2:6–4:0 years old) with autistic spectrum disorders was studied over 9–10 months. Measures of autistic severity, intellectual, educational, and adaptive behavioral functioning were taken. There was no evidence of recovery from autism. High-intensity behavioral approaches (mean 30 h/week) produced greater gains than low-intensity programs (mean 12 h/week). Lovaas- and complete application of behavior analysis to schools approach-type interventions produced largest gains [similar to gains produced by longer-term clinic-based applied behavior analysis (ABA) programs]. Within the high-intensity groups, increased temporal input on the program was not associated with increased gains in the children. The results from clinic-based ABA trials were partially replicated on a home-based sample, using children with greater autistic and intellectual impairments. | eng_Latn | 17,347 |
The widespread deployment of air-conditioning systems has added significant flexibility to building design and form. This flexibility has not, however, been without its costs. In Australia, commercial buildings account for over 25% of national electricity use and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. Naturally ventilated and mixed mode buildings, controlled for adaptive thermal comfort and integrated with renewable energy generation, provide a pathway towards net zero-energy buildings. This vision is not without complexity – requiring occupant comfort, building dynamics and weather and usage patterns to be integrated into an appropriate control strategy. In this article we outline approaches and factors that challenge the controls design of such buildings, including some of our experiences with commercial buildings in Australia. We suggest that substantial emissions reductions can only be achieved through closely coupling controls to local climate and adaptive occupant comfort – not just responding to ... | It is established that a mixed mode indoor environment provides the best for occupant comfort by augmenting the passive system with a mechanical system when and where required. However, the recent desperation for near zero energy environments, of which natural ventilation provides, warrants the need to explore the possibility of achieving this without sacrificing occupants' comfort. The purpose of this study was to investigate if a naturally ventilated building can outperform a mixed mode building in providing comfort for occupants. The Building in Use (BUS) questionnaire was used to carry out this survey on occupants' comfort in two office buildings in Auckland, New Zealand. The findings showed that occupants of the naturally ventilated office building were slightly more satisfied and comfortable than their counterparts in the mixed-mode office building for almost all the variables of comfort investigated. Thus, the results indicate that naturally ventilated office spaces can provide more comfort than mixed-mode office spaces, if well-designed. This finding suggests that the use of natural ventilation in office environments by designers and building owners should be encouraged. A limitation of this study is that it was carried out in the winter season. The winter season could have affected the results obtained. Also, the study was carried out on only two office buildings. As such, the results cannot be generalised to all office buildings in New Zealand. More surveys on ventilated systems are required for results to be generalisable. | It is established that a mixed mode indoor environment provides the best for occupant comfort by augmenting the passive system with a mechanical system when and where required. However, the recent desperation for near zero energy environments, of which natural ventilation provides, warrants the need to explore the possibility of achieving this without sacrificing occupants' comfort. The purpose of this study was to investigate if a naturally ventilated building can outperform a mixed mode building in providing comfort for occupants. The Building in Use (BUS) questionnaire was used to carry out this survey on occupants' comfort in two office buildings in Auckland, New Zealand. The findings showed that occupants of the naturally ventilated office building were slightly more satisfied and comfortable than their counterparts in the mixed-mode office building for almost all the variables of comfort investigated. Thus, the results indicate that naturally ventilated office spaces can provide more comfort than mixed-mode office spaces, if well-designed. This finding suggests that the use of natural ventilation in office environments by designers and building owners should be encouraged. A limitation of this study is that it was carried out in the winter season. The winter season could have affected the results obtained. Also, the study was carried out on only two office buildings. As such, the results cannot be generalised to all office buildings in New Zealand. More surveys on ventilated systems are required for results to be generalisable. | eng_Latn | 17,348 |
This document is intended to provide detailed documentation of design and operating instructions for aversion of the PWMS dedicated to supporting commissioning of underfloor air distribution (UFAD)systems. The specifications for this device were based on requirements for commissioning the New York(NY) Times Building in New York City. The following sections focus on the design and construction ofthe cart and how to operate its software tools to conduct the various tests according to NY Timesrequirements. However, the built-in capabilities can be easily applied to performance evaluation andcommissioning for other types of UFAD systems as well as advanced systems with non-symmetricaltemperature environments. Each section contains background material that describes hardware andsoftware details. Other software and hardware components associated with this system and UFADcommissioning procedures can be found in Appendix A. Appendix B describes how a portable thermalplume generator can be made for testing in pre-occupancy conditions. | A demographic shift is underway in Australia; the number of people aged 65 and over is rapidly increasing. Regulations have been implemented to enhance the quality of care being provided in nursing homes; however, in the aged care sector there is little by way of guidance addressing design and performance issues in regards to Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), and there is still uncertainty as to the perceptions of residents on specific IEQ factors. The objectives of this study are to determine: how accredited facilities are performing in regards to thermal comfort conditions; how indoor environmental factors can be assessed in a non-intrusive way; and how occupants perceive their thermal environment. Air temperature and relative humidity were monitored over ten months in six nursing homes located in southeast NSW using 305 loggers. Subjective perception of the thermal environment was gathered from 157 residents, 31 family members and 64 staff who completed a questionnaire at the same time that local environmental parameters were monitored. Results show how accredited nursing homes performed in regards to thermal comfort, along with a detailed description of the non-intrusive methodology adopted to assess IEQ factors. Subjective responses of occupants, along with adaptive behaviour strategies employed by participants to counter unsatisfactory thermal conditions, were also examined. This study has practical implications for the aged care sector and provides quantitative evidence on how nursing homes should be designed and operated to enhance satisfaction and well-being of occupants. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 17,349 |
Effects Subcommittee on Initial Assessments of Health and Ecological Part 2. October 1999. | The initial assessment of health and ecology was reported in October 1999. | The initial assessment of health and ecology was reported in October 1993. | eng_Latn | 17,350 |
health effects assessment, environmental fate and effects assessment, EPA correspondence, and registrant comments). | The assessment of the effects on health. | There was no assessment of the fate of the environment. | eng_Latn | 17,351 |
Its healthy-living philosophy offers home-made organic foods plus a wholesome diet of massage, yoga, and specialist exercise classes. | The healthy living philosophy includes organic foods, massage, and yoga. | The healthy living philosophy encourages people to add candy into their diets. | eng_Latn | 17,352 |
the quality but actually have a truer standard of living | The quality, but actually have a more authentic standard of living. | The quality and standard of living. | eng_Latn | 17,353 |
In general, economists tend to view an individual's willingness-to-pay (WTP) for an improvement in environmental quality as the most complete and appropriate measure of the value of an environmental or health risk reduction. | Willingness to pay is the measurement method preferred by economists. | Nobody like using WTP to value health risks. | eng_Latn | 17,354 |
Common patterns of morbidity and multi-morbidity and their impact on health-related quality of life: evidence from a national survey | Reducing chronic stress to promote health in adults: the role of social prescriptions and social movements | Iterative overlap QRM-MLBD for single-carrier MIMO transmission without CP insertion | eng_Latn | 17,355 |
Organisational and environmental characteristics of residential aged care units providing highly person-centred care: a cross sectional study | Dementia care mapping: effects on residents’ quality of life and challenging behavior in German nursing homes. A quasi-experimental trial | No additional long‐term effect of group vs individual family intervention in the treatment of childhood obesity—A randomised trial | eng_Latn | 17,356 |
Physical leisure participation and the well-being of adults with rheumatoid arthritis: the role of sense of belonging. | Protecting the mental health of Ontario seniors | 0 Rational Apathy ? Retail Shareholder Participation in Private Placements 1 December 2017 | eng_Latn | 17,357 |
Economic evaluation of healthcare technology improving the quality of social life: the case of assistive technology for the disabled and elderly | Why environmental and social benefits should be included in cost-benefit analysis of infrastructure? | 'There's no such thing as society . . .': some problems with an individual approach to creating a Learning Society | eng_Latn | 17,358 |
Population Health: Creating a Culture of Wellness | WHAT CONCERNS CMOs IN THE MOVE FROM VOLUME TO VALUE | Path collective variables without paths | eng_Latn | 17,359 |
Belonging across the lifetime: Time and self in Mass Observation accounts | Experiences of neighbourhood exclusion and inclusion among older people living in deprived inner-city areas in Belgium and England | Self-insight into emotional and cognitive abilities is not related to higher adjustment | eng_Latn | 17,360 |
This study investigated the relationships between the “perceived aspects” of current home environment of elderly people living in rural areas and their home modification behavior. To investigate this perception, home satisfaction, perception of home capability, and home safety were used as perceived aspects of the home. Data were collected by a questionnaire. The response rate was 43.1%, with 317 eligible questionnaires. The results from this study indicate that there was no significant difference in perceived aspects of home environment between those who modified their homes and those who did not. Regardless of their current home conditions, most elderly respondents (75%) showed high home satisfaction. Results from this study suggest that a modified home environment does not necessarily contribute to an older person's perception of perceived aspects of their home environment. | AIMS ::: Good housing solutions are important for the ageing population in order to promote health and maintain functional ability. The objective of this study was to investigate whether and how objective and perceived aspects of housing were related to perceived health among ADL independent and ADL dependent groups of older, single-living people within three national samples. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: The current study was based on national samples (German, n = 450; Latvian, n = 303; Swedish, n = 397) from the European ENABLE-AGE Project, using data on ADL dependence, perceived health, objective and perceived aspects of housing. Descriptive statistics, correlations and multivariate ordinal regression models were used to analyze the data. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The participants in the ADL dependent groups generally were older, had more functional limitations and perceived their health as poorer compared to ADL independent groups. With regard to perceived housing, usability as well as meaning of home indicators was often lower in the ADL dependent groups, housing satisfaction was at the same level while housing-related external control beliefs were higher. The differences among the national samples were highly significant for both ADL groups, for all variables except number of outdoor environmental barriers in the ADL independent groups. The relations between perceived health on one hand and objective and perceived aspects of housing on the other show great diversities among the ADL groups and the national samples. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSIONS ::: The results serve to alert health care practitioners that it is important to draw attention to how older people perceive their housing situation and to the fact that different levels of functional independence demand different interventions. | This second edition is throughly revised and corrected to take account of the many changes in the subject over the last 6 years, and has been enlarged by over 20per cent. | eng_Latn | 17,361 |
BACKGROUND ::: It has been suggested that to meet information needs of multiple stakeholders, evaluation of public health interventions should specify a broader range of outcomes, evaluate a wider range of interventions and use more varied methods, in particular for dealing with complexity. Current outcomes approaches in public policy are potentially fertile ground for addressing these challenges and embedding evaluation in processes for reporting on public health outcomes. This paper describes work by NHS Health Scotland to realize this potential. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: Development of outcomes frameworks containing logic models which link actions to outcomes and specify outcome indicators for monitoring progress. Group processes to inform and help create shared ownership of models across key stakeholders. Creation of web-based resources to host outcomes frameworks with hyperlinks connecting logic models to evidence and outcome indicators. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The outcomes frameworks have been used in various ways by policy-makers and practitioners to shape policy, planning and monitoring and evaluation. A range of additional challenges that need to be overcome in developing and using the outcomes frameworks has been identified. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSIONS ::: Logic model-based outcomes frameworks are useful tools for supporting outcome-based planning and evaluation of public health interventions. | This paper argues that concepts, methodologies and practices within public health need further development if they are to be sufficient to allow us to develop, undertake and evaluate interventions in the twenty-first century. The public health profession, and the disciplines that contribute to it, maintains the historical focus upon detailed micro analysis (individual and health sector) and not broader macro analysis (societal and system). This brief paper suggests why this is and outlines three challenges it poses: specifying and evaluating outcomes; specifying and understanding complex causal pathways in social interventions and the development of multisector evaluation, to meet information demands from multiple stakeholders. While there is general agreement that public health evaluation needs development, this paper argues that the focus needs to be more upon a broader evaluative space than is currently practiced. There is a need to move beyond primary and secondary health-related effects upon individuals, and focus more on evaluation of the wider range and distribution of direct and indirect effects upon individuals, communities and populations. That is, those involved in public health evaluation need to step back and first consider the wood before focusing in on specific trees. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 17,362 |
OBJECTIVE ::: To examine whether neighbourhood characteristics are associated with cumulative biological risk (CBR) and sex differences in CBR in a nationally representative sample in Jamaica, a small island developing country with increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). ::: ::: ::: DESIGN ::: Cross-sectional study SETTING: A population-based cross-sectional survey, the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2008 (JHLS II) recruited persons at their homes over a 4 month period from all 14 parishes and 113 neighbourhoods defined as enumeration districts (EDs). ::: ::: ::: PARTICIPANTS ::: 2544 persons aged 15-74 years old from the 2008 Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey (JHLS II), who completed interviewer-administered questionnaires and had biomarkers assessed, and whose home addresses could be reliably geocoded. ::: ::: ::: PRIMARY OUTCOME ::: A summary measure CBR was created using seven markers-systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings, waist circumference, body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose levels and self-reported asthma. Weighted multilevel models examined clustering, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), of CBR across neighbourhoods and the impact of neighbourhood characteristics (recreational space availability and neighbourhood disorder) on CBR. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: Women had significantly higher mean CBR scores than men across all age groups. There was significant clustering of CBR by ED, and among women versus men (ICC: F=6.9%, M=0.7%). Women living in more disordered neighbourhoods were 26% more likely to have high CBR as those in less disordered ones (aOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.08 to 1.47; p<0.05). Individuals living in EDs with greater recreational space availability were 25% less likely to have a high CBR (aOR=0.75, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.90; p<0.05). ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSIONS ::: Policy-makers in Jamaica should pay greater attention to neighbourhood factors such as recreational space availability and neighbourhood disorder that may contribute to CBR in any effort to curtail the epidemic of NCDs. | OBJECTIVE ::: To explore the mental health effects of the urban neighborhood on men and women in Jamaica and the implications for urban planning and social development. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: A cross-sectional household sample of 2 848 individuals 15-74 years of age obtained from the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2007-2008 was analyzed. Secondary analysis was undertaken by developing composite scores to describe observer recorded neighborhood features, including infrastructure, amenities/services, physical conditions, community socioeconomic status, and green spaces around the home. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Bivariate and multivariate methods were used to explore the associations among gender, neighborhood factors, and risk of depressive symptoms. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: While no associations were found among rural residents, urban neighborhoods were associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms. Among males, residing in a neighborhood with poor infrastructure increased risk; among females, residing in an informal community/unplanned neighborhood increased risk. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSIONS ::: The urban neighborhood contributes to the risk of depression symptomatology in Jamaica, with different environmental stressors affecting men and women. Urban and social planners need to consider the physical environment when developing health interventions in urban settings, particularly in marginalized communities. | Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child. | eng_Latn | 17,363 |
This paper discusses a health promotion intervention, which set out to develop local capacity to address chronic disease risk factors in a remote Australian community. Community focus groups, and researcher and community discussions, aimed to determine the community’s health concerns and build a partnership for community action. The journey from conception to reality was difficult for a number of reasons that are described here. Despite these difficulties, a range of outcomes included the establishment of an organizational structure that involved a local health promotion committee as the principal decision-maker, the establishment of a grants scheme to support locally determined initiatives and the formal incorporation of a community Health Promotion Committee(HPC) that ensured the sustainability of activities beyond the funded project period. The HPC is currently still coordinating health promotion activities. The promotion of community-ownership of health promotion activities is a complicated process; given that time, resources, expertise and community involvement require a much longer-term commitment than that currently imposed by many funding bodies. | The term ‘community participation’ is commonly understood as the collective involvement of local people in assessing their needs and organising strategies to meet those needs. The importance of community participation in rural health service development is uncontested. The rural health policy ::: framework Healthy Horizons Outlook includes the principle, ‘participation by individuals, communities and special groups in determining their health priorities should be pursued as a basis for successful programs and services to maintain and improve their health’. The document also states that ‘social capability and the physical capacity to plan and implement local programs are required for communities to improve and maintain their health’ | ABSTRACTUNC-45A is an ubiquitously expressed protein highly conserved throughout evolution. Most of what we currently know about UNC-45A pertains to its role as a regulator of the actomyosin system... | eng_Latn | 17,364 |
The College of Medicine was launched at the end of 2010 and this was its inaugural conference. Its core values; are science, service and healing, underpinned by the belief that best possible, sustainable and cost effective healthcare can only be delivered by bringing together clinicians, scientists and most importantly patients on an equal footing. A more patient-centred approach improves outcomes, particularly in chronic conditions. These values will be sustained by our inclusive and non tribal professional approach and grounded through our structure, in particular our patient's council. The keynote from Dean Ornish illustrated the vast potential for lifestyle change to impact gene expression and possibly survival in prostate cancer, whilst William Bird and Michael Depledge updated us on how an environment conducive to wellbeing and a self empowered exercise programme might be delivered within the UK. The College's Innovation Network provides benchmarks for local initiatives of excellence. Stephen Holgate was also able to contextualise the increase of allergic disease within our changing environment. Support for this new and innovative organisation was clearly expressed by both politicians and many senior members of the medical establishment and we look forward to the College being in the vanguard of the changing face of medicine. | The Green Gym – a free scheme run by the British Trust for Conservation Volunteers – encourages people to become fitter and counter the negative impact of increasingly sedentary lifestyles through carrying out practical conservation tasks. This study aimed to identify what participation in one newly established Green Gym meant to three volunteers.A qualitative research design was used owing to the small sample available – two unemployed adults and a part-time community worker – at the time that the research was undertaken. Data were collected through participant-observation over four sessions, semi-structured interviews and the participants' visual notebooks. An iterative process of data coding, display in concept maps and interpretation generated themes and subthemes.In addition to improving fitness, the participants valued the scheme as a means of enhancing mental wellbeing, being stimulated by nature and enjoying social contact, and as a flexible way in which to attain a valued productive role. The fin... | Medical journals have become dependent on the pharmaceutical industry for their survival, which can have a corrupting influence on their content, argues Smith, the former editor of the BMJ. | eng_Latn | 17,365 |
Preventing falls and mobility impairments in elderly people living in the community | Effects of intensive home visiting programs for older people with poor health status: A systematic review | 'There's no such thing as society . . .': some problems with an individual approach to creating a Learning Society | eng_Latn | 17,366 |
Using Focus Groups to Develop an Extension Home Horticulture Public Radio Program | Homeowners and their choice of information sources about gardening | Do Not Turn to the Hypothalamus for Feedback on Stress If You Are Growth Restricted | eng_Latn | 17,367 |
A passive house is a cost-efficient building that can manage throughout the heating period, due to its specific construction design, with more than 10 times less heat energy than the same building designed to standards presently applicable across Europe. Its extended thermal insulation and enhanced air-tightness removes the need for temperatures higher than 50 °C. This makes renewable energy sources particularly suitable for heating, cooling and domestic hot water production. Modeling of renewable energy usage for space heating requires as a preliminary stage the detailed description of the building structure, of the HVAC equipment and of the internal heat sources. This paper shows the main data used to model the thermal behavior of a passive house. Details about Pirmasens Passive House (Rhineland Palatinate, Germany) are given, as for example, the internal heat sources, including electric appliances, heat and humidity released by human bodies, thermal internal facilities as hot and cold water pipes. All these are quantified by using statistically derived data. A detailed time schedule for a standard German family with two adults and two children was prepared. It takes into account the national celebrations, vacation and weekends among others. | The tightening of buildings as a measure to save energy in the past is associated with indoor environmental quality problems later known as Sick-Building-Syndrome. The objective of this work was to establish a strategy and a methodology for assessment of indoor air quality in low-energy buildings (SMIL). The characterization of the indoor environment in newly built passive houses provides reference values for future assessments and/or eventual damage analyses. It is also a tool for evaluation of the indoor air quality with respect to current recommended guideline values. In the initial phase of the project, five apartments were selected for a detailed monitoring of the indoor environment. The measured parameters were temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of CO2, NO2, ozone, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds and live microbiological flora. The measurements were conducted during the four seasons of the year, indoors and outdoors in parallel. The study has resulted in a suggested methodology for the assessment of indoor air quality in lowenergy houses. This methodology can be applied to any kind of building in order to document indoor air quality as part of the description of the building’s quality. | Federal and State housing policies have changed the face of public housing, which is increasingly becoming the accommodation of last resort. This social residualisation of public housing in Australia and elsewhere has meant that sustaining tenancies is a challenge for public housing authorities because of the need to balance the sometimes conflicting objectives of social outcomes for tenants with difficult behaviours and the neighbours and communities who are negatively impacted upon by their behaviour, to say nothing of the need for sustainability outcomes for business managers in social housing. The difficulties of meeting this challenge not only increase the risk of homelessness for these vulnerable tenants through their eviction, but may also threaten the tenancies of those affected by their behaviours. | eng_Latn | 17,368 |
ABSTRACT Thinking through the etymological roots of technology and ecology, a curious tension arises. ‘Tech’ connotes making or fabrication, and thus resonates with the essential features of textuality. ‘Eco’ connotes home, property and dwelling, which necessarily entails connections, distribution, partition, as well as the demarcation of an inside from an outside. Technoecologies are thus simultaneously writing and limiting, opening up and closing. The focus of this article is on Chinese social media discussions about the ways in which Air Quality Index (AQI) scores are measured and felt bodily. It interrogates the ‘how’ of the relationality between AQI and bodily practices of measurement. The aim of the article is twofold. First, it rethinks air quality measurement in corporeal terms, and asks about the nature of corporeality and its relation with the environment. Second, in suggesting AQI as technoecologies as bodies that number, it asks for a reconsideration of the political of environmental politics. | Thanks to the constant efforts of environmental NGOs and environmentalists during the winter of 2011, “PM2.5” has changed from a mysterious professional jargon into a panic-driven household name and drawn a great attention from the society. This change occurred within just three months that the term “PM2.5” first came into public view in November 2011 when the State Council gave its consent to release the newly revised Ambient Air Quality Standard. This new standard includes PM2.5 concentration measuring index. The following three months witnessed not only how China’s green NGOs and the public inspired by the pollution jointly participated in environmental protection and finally turned the environmental crisis into a collective policymaking event, but also how the relations among the Chinese government, environment authorities, and green NGOs evolved and improved. | A demographic shift is underway in Australia; the number of people aged 65 and over is rapidly increasing. Regulations have been implemented to enhance the quality of care being provided in nursing homes; however, in the aged care sector there is little by way of guidance addressing design and performance issues in regards to Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), and there is still uncertainty as to the perceptions of residents on specific IEQ factors. The objectives of this study are to determine: how accredited facilities are performing in regards to thermal comfort conditions; how indoor environmental factors can be assessed in a non-intrusive way; and how occupants perceive their thermal environment. Air temperature and relative humidity were monitored over ten months in six nursing homes located in southeast NSW using 305 loggers. Subjective perception of the thermal environment was gathered from 157 residents, 31 family members and 64 staff who completed a questionnaire at the same time that local environmental parameters were monitored. Results show how accredited nursing homes performed in regards to thermal comfort, along with a detailed description of the non-intrusive methodology adopted to assess IEQ factors. Subjective responses of occupants, along with adaptive behaviour strategies employed by participants to counter unsatisfactory thermal conditions, were also examined. This study has practical implications for the aged care sector and provides quantitative evidence on how nursing homes should be designed and operated to enhance satisfaction and well-being of occupants. | eng_Latn | 17,369 |
PROBLEM ::: The challenges of both occupational safety and health and environmental sustainability require large-scale behavior change for meaningful improvements to occur. Environmental sustainability, or the 'green movement' has received far more attention recently, and certain strategies and recommendations from interventions designed for promoting pro-environmental behaviors may inform efforts to intervene on critical behaviors for improving occupational safety and health. ::: ::: ::: METHOD ::: A survey of the literature regarding behavioral interventions for both environmental sustainability and occupational safety and health was conducted. Several theoretical approaches are reviewed, and successful approaches from each domain are identified, as well as parallel challenges and points for crossover. Recommendations are provided for adapting environmental sustainability intervention approaches for occupational safety and health applications. ::: ::: ::: IMPACT ON INDUSTRY ::: Safety and health leaders may achieve sustainable improvements in worker safety and health by harnessing the momentum of the green movement and adapting successful intervention approaches from the environmental sustainability domain. | Interviews with board members and surveys of residents in a Swedish housing cooperative revealed that their choice to partly reject new energy-efficient outdoor lighting for their outdoor environment (retrofit with light emitting diods) was motivated by multiple goal frames. The board weighed the normative goal of perceived safety and the subordinate hedonic goal of the perceived quality of the light against gain goals. The final choice could be attributed to the normative goal of perceived safety for the elderly. This was consistent with the view of the residents who rated all goal frames high, but perceived safety as the most important. Adoption or rejection of new energy-efficient lighting technology is determined by both cost and energy savings, and people's expectations and perceptions of the light and the lit environment. | Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child. | eng_Latn | 17,370 |
This letter is in response to the following Letter to the Editor: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/hpcdp-pspmc/37-1/ar-04-eng.php. | Population health is a relatively new term that has not yet been precisely defined. Is it a concept of health or a field of study of health determinants? We propose that the definition be “the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group,” and we argue that the field of population health includes health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies and interventions that link these two. We present a rationale for this definition and note its differentiation from public health, health promotion, and social epidemiology. We invite critiques and discussion that may lead to some consensus on this emerging concept. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 17,371 |
Available evidence suggests that, generally speaking, on tests ranging from choice of crossing routes to use of designated crossings, children first approach adult levels of pedestrian skill around the age of 10-12 years (Thomson, Tolmie, Foot & McLaren, 1996; Tolmie, Thomson, Foot, Whelan, Sarvary, Morrison, Towner, Burkes & Wu, 2003). The peak age for pedestrian accidents in the UK occurs | Using a deliberative approach 228 members of the public from four locations in the United Kingdom took part in six focus groups that met on three occasions. Applying a model based on two interlocking sets of theories (Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour and Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory) in the analysis of participants' responses, the paper explores the social and environmental systems that an individual interacts with in the articulation of risky behaviours on the road. Participants discussed how taking risks changed over their lifecourse and how they became safer with age. Social norms and perceived behavioural control influence road user safety behaviour through the exchanging of attitudes, and younger drivers especially are more likely to embrace the symbolic role of the car. The paper concludes that the nature of identity and culture within risk taking is important when designing interventions on the ground. | Editor,—We read with interest the article by Viner regarding transition from paediatric to adult care.1 The need for planned transition is indeed very real2 and its recognition led us to develop a specific service for young people aged 16 to 25 with physical disability—the Young Adult Team. This multidisciplinary team (doctor, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech and language therapist, psychologist, and social worker) was established in 1988 through joint funding from health and social services … | eng_Latn | 17,372 |
People are more concerned about the negative consequences of human hazards compared with natural hazards. Results of four experiments show that the same negative outcome (e.g., number of birds killed by an oil spill) was more negatively evaluated when caused by humans than when caused by nature. Results further show that when identical risk information was provided, participants evaluated nuclear power more negatively compared with solar power. The affect associated with the hazard per se influenced the interpretation of the new information. Furthermore, the affect experienced in the situation fully mediated the evaluation of the negative outcomes of a hazard. People's reliance on the affect heuristic is a challenge for acceptance of cost-benefit analyses because equally negative outcomes are differently evaluated depending on the cause. Symbolically significant information and the affect evoked by this information may result in biased and riskier decisions. | The results of a survey and an experiment show that experiential uncertainty-people's experience of uncertainty in risk contexts-plays a moderating role in individuals' risk-related demand for government regulation and trust in risk-managing government institutions. First, descriptions of risks were presented to respondents in a survey (N = 1,017) and their reactions to questions about experiential uncertainty, risk perception, and demand for government regulation were measured, as well as levels of risk-specific knowledge. When experiential uncertainty was high, risk perceptions had a positive relationship with demand for government regulation of risk; no such relationship showed under low experiential uncertainty. Conversely, when people experience little experiential uncertainty, having more knowledge about the risk topic involved was associated with a weaker demand for government regulation of risk. For people experiencing uncertainty, this relationship between knowledge and demand for regulation did not emerge. Second, in an experiment (N = 120), experiential uncertainty and openness in risk communication were manipulated to investigate effects on trust. In the uncertainty condition, the results showed that open versus nonopen government communication about Q-fever-a zoonosis-led to higher levels of trust in the government agency, but not in in the control condition. Altogether, this research suggests that only when people experience relatively little uncertainty about the risk, knowledge provision may preclude them from demanding government action. Also, only when persons experience uncertainty are stronger risk perceptions associated with a demand for government regulation, and they are affected by openness of risk communication in forming institutional trust. | Millions of tons of debris can be generated by natural disasters, impacting the surrounding environment and posing health risks to the public. Proper handling and treatment of such waste is essenti... | eng_Latn | 17,373 |
Food choice is complex and influenced by a range of social, environmental, structural, and individual factors. Poor diet is one of the major contributors to the burden of disease, in particular for men who habitually have lower intakes of fruits and vegetables and higher intakes of meat. Food choice has been linked to the expression of masculine identities. This research used a Bourdieusian framework to explore the influential drivers of young Australian men’s eating habits based on occupational groupings. Twenty men aged 19–30 years participated in in-depth semistructured interviews. Analysis used a grounded theory, social constructivist approach and identified five themes: performative masculinities and meat; meat cuts across social class; the influence of masculine autonomy on dietary choice; women protecting Australian men’s health; and the role of environmental and structural barriers. These results indicated that habitus remains a useful conceptual framework to explain the results, and cultural capital is reinforced as a phenomenon. Occupation and gender appear to no longer be primary drivers of food choice in this group of men. Rather there is a shift toward an understanding of multiple masculinities and the development of microcultures with interactions between structure and agency. Meat still features in the food world of Australian men, but there are shifts to deprioritize its importance. There needs to be a more nuanced understanding of the importance of autonomy and control as well as the role of women in relation to men’s dietary intakes and how this can be harnessed for positive dietary change. | Little is known firsthand about men's experiences of eating, because most empirical accounts on the meanings of food and eating come from studies of women. The qualitative research reported here explores how Norwegian men relate to food consumption. The findings consider how gender and occupational status explain men's relationship to food. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2001–2003, in Oslo, with 20 carpenters, 15 engineers, and 11 drivers. Eating was often portrayed as an untroubled routine and only occasionally was food conceived as problematic for health. Food was part of pleasure on weekends, but most men distanced themselves from a “gourmet” discourse. This study suggests that underlying structural factors of gender and class expectations effect how men talk about eating. | Driving is a dynamic human experience. The act of operating a vehicle, our movement across space and time, and the landscapes we pass afford rich sensory experiences. However, an increasingly controlled environment in the car and on roads is diminishing many sensuous encounters of orientation, sound, smell, touch, and even sight. The growing emphasis on transport infrastructure that prioritises speed, safety, comfort and convenience – dual carriageways, bypasses, ring roads, tunnels and sound barriers – is serving to disconnect us from our journeys as emplaced experiences. These changes are leading to starkly homogeneous journeys devoid of character that result in a loss of experience and place. In this paper we examine the sensory engagement and experiences of car journeys across landscapes, considering both urban and rural environments. Using case studies from different regions of Australia, we examine the bodily experiences of modern motoring. We suggest that there is no longer an immediate engagement with the landscape being traversed. With particular consideration of understanding places in an embodied way, we consider how modernised highways are disconnecting us from developing and maintaining meaning in our understanding of roads as a significant form of heritage, and as an important mechanism through which people experience heritage. | eng_Latn | 17,374 |
Objective: This study addressed older adults' psycho-social needs in relation to assisted living shared spaces. It examined part of a Social Space Attachment Model that hypothesized that assisted living designs that match residents' previous homes lead to greater life satisfaction. ::: ::: ::: ::: Research Design: Residents at 11 assisted living facilities were interviewed. Information about demographics, psychological and physical status, ratings and use of social spaces, and previous homes was gathered. Lobbies, lounges, and dining rooms at each site were assessed. ::: ::: ::: ::: Analysis: Means and percentages were used to compare furnishing styles, colors, and accessories at previous homes and assisted living facilities. Regression and correlation analyses were used to determine relationships for private, personal and homelike ratings, formality match, use of spaces, and psycho-social variables with residents' life satisfaction scores. ::: ::: ::: ::: Key Findings: Assisted living interiors were more formal and used different colors and less personal accessories than previous homes. Residents rated social spaces as not private, not personal, and not homelike. Residents with higher life satisfaction scores were more likely to live in facilities where formality was similar to their previous homes, spend time in the lobbies, and rate them as personal. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: For older adults to become attached to and use assisted living social spaces, interior designs must relate to past experiences. Designs should usually include semi-formal or informal traditional styles, more familiar colors, personal accessories, and opportunities for privacy. | Environments need to be designed such that they support successful orientation for older adults and those with dementia who often experience marked difficulties in their orientation abilities. To better understand how environments can compensate for decreasing orientation skills, voice should be given directly to those experiencing dementia to describe how they find their way and to understand their design preferences. This study explored the navigational experiences and design preferences of older adults with memory difficulties living in a retirement development. In-depth semi-structured interviews with 13 older adults experiencing memory difficulties were conducted. All participants were residents of one retirement development in the United Kingdom. Questions began broadly, for example, to describe their experiences of navigating in their living environment, before discussing any specific navigation difficulties in detail. Thematic analysis identified three main themes: highlighting environmental design that causes disorientation, strategies to overcome disorientation, and residents’ suggestions to improve the design. The design suggestions were particularly informative, heavily focusing on the importance of having memorable and meaningful spaces which were favoured more than signage as an orientation aid. The findings demonstrate the need to consider environmental design to support orientation for those with memory difficulties. Of particular importance is the use of meaningful and relevant landmarks as orientation aids which can additionally stimulate conversation and increase wellbeing. Given the range of suggestions in dementia-friendly design guidelines aimed to support orientation, it is crucial to speak directly to those living in different environments to learn how they find their way around and what design works in their environment. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 17,375 |
We examine varying levels of perceived environmental risks among nine U.S. race and ethnic group categories using the 2010 General Social Survey. Three interrelated questions motivate our analysis. First, how does the environmental risk perception of air pollution, water pollution, agricultural chemicals, climate change and nuclear power generation vary among specific categories of race and ethnicity? Second, to what degree are higher levels of perceived risk among immigrant-origin groups subject to change as a result of cultural assimilation over generations? And third, to what degree are race and ethnic differences in environmental risk perception a reflection of other possibly more significant factors such as education, income, gender and conservative political views? Though we find some evidence for attitude assimilation among generations of Mexican-origin people, the dominant pattern is greater perceived risks among non-whites than whites across generations in the U.S. Additionally, not only did race... | This article extends environmental risk perception research by exploring how potential health risk from exposure to industrial and vehicular air pollutants, as well as other contextual and socio-demographic factors, influence racial/ethnic differences in air pollution health risk perception. Our study site is the Greater Houston metropolitan area, Texas, USA—a racially/ethnically diverse area facing high levels of exposure to pollutants from both industrial and transportation sources. We integrate primary household-level survey data with estimates of excess cancer risk from ambient exposure to industrial and on-road mobile source emissions of air toxics obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Statistical analysis is based on multivariate generalized estimation equation models which account for geographic clustering of surveyed households. Our results reveal significantly higher risk perceptions for non-Hispanic Black residents and those exposed to greater cancer risk from industrial pollutants, and also indicate that gender influences the relationship between race/ethnicity and air pollution risk perception. These findings highlight the need to incorporate measures of environmental health risk exposure in future analysis of social disparities in risk perception. | Health is a human right. Equity in health implies that ideally everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain their full health potential and, more pragmatically, that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential. Addressing the multi-faceted health needs of ethnically and culturally diverse individuals in the United States is a complex issue that requires inventive strategies to reduce risk factors and buttress protective factors to promote greater well-being among individuals, families, and communities. With growing diversity concerning various ethnicities and nationalities; and with significant changes in the constellation of multiple of risk factors that can influence health outcomes, it is imperative that we delineate strategic efforts that encourage better access to primary care, focused community-based programs, multi-disciplinary clinical and translational research methodologies, and health policy advocacy initiatives that may improve individuals' longevity and quality of life. | eng_Latn | 17,376 |
The virtues of tobacco and alcohol | Abstract Caddick, M.X., Greenland, A.J., Jepson, I., Krause, K-P., Qu, N., Riddell, K.V., Salter, M.G., Schuch, W., Sonnewald, U. and Tomsett, A.B. (1998) An ethanol inducible gene switch for plants used to manipulate carbon metabolism, Nat. Biotechnol . 16, 177–180 | This article explores the ways that gender, sexuality, pleasure, and risk are entangled in affective labour and the production of value in ‘front of house’ bar work. Through their work as bar staff... | eng_Latn | 17,377 |
Body dissatisfaction: an overlooked public health concern | Purpose – In contrast to the attention it has received in related fields of research, body image has remained understudied within the field of public health. This is highly problematic, given a growing body of evidence implicating body dissatisfaction in a range of other public health concerns. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This commentary is based on a review of the public health, body image, eating disorder, and mental health literatures. Findings – Body dissatisfaction is implicated in a range of public health concerns, including impaired psychological health (e.g. depression) and eating- and weight-related problems (e.g. eating disorders, obesity). Originality/value – Given these associations, as well as the high levels of body dissatisfaction in the population, the authors argue for a critical need to address the prevalence of body image concerns as a public health issue worthy of greater consideration within programs and policies; dedicated funding for researc... | This report is a reflection about the living process of migrating families established in the city periphery, their relation with their physical space as well as their health. Based on Foucault, the author searches to analyze what power and health concepts permeates the relationship of government agencies appeals to a charitable ethic, making use of disciplinary power. In order to construct a true citizenship it is necessary to think beyond a charitable or disciplinary ethic, opening space to the real dialogue between the parties... | eng_Latn | 17,378 |
Relationship between small ruminants behaviour and landscape features in Northeast of Portugal | Marina Castro1,2, Jose Castro1 and Antonio Gomez Sal3 1Escola Superior Agraria Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Apartado 172, 5301-854 Braganca, Portugal 2CIMO – Centro de Investigacao de Montanha Instituto Politecnico de Braganca 3Dpto. Interuniversitario de Ecologia, Universidad de Alcala. Edif. de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain | The physical environment has a great potential for supporting resident's ::: residual way-finding abilities. Until now little systematic research has been ::: carried out to identify supportive architectural characteristics. The ::: architectural structure of the buildings and the impact of the different ::: architectural characteristics was also analyzed. Results show that people ::: with advancing dementia are increasingly dependent on a compensating ::: environment. Our experience in design of contemporary homes and its ::: environment for elderly persons is an example how the young generation can ::: remain an integral part of the elderly peoples lives. Any Cooperation between ::: Serbia and Germany is to be in accordance with European Standards and Norms. | eng_Latn | 17,379 |
Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in US Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes Mellitus: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) | BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor control is a cornerstone of diabetes mellitus management. Little is known about relationships of objectively measured sedentary time and physical ... | Abstract The EU Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) has taken on an Open Method of Coordination (OMC)‐like style. This soft mode of governance entails an interpretation, specification and substantiation of social values and norms. Therefore, the democratic quality of this style of governance needs to be examined. While a shift to an OMC‐like style of policy creation usually implies the retreat of the Community method and thereby a weakening of the European Parliament’s (EP) political power, this style has established counterbalancing institutional arrangements of a democratic nature, such as the involvement of the EP, societal input by stakeholder consultations and transparency. However, a discourse analysis reveals an important deliberative deficit of the EU SDS. This article argues that the OMC‐like style of the EU SDS lacks mechanisms of deliberative control over discourse formation and contestation on the meaning of sustainable development. | eng_Latn | 17,380 |
Life-cycle analysis by using the alternative sustainable water innovations in residential dwellings | AbstractWater supply has drastically declined particularly in parts of Australia. This is a consequence of climate change, urban development, wastage and rising demand for fresh water. These factor... | Health as a social concept is very important in medical sociology. More complicated conceptions of health as a multi-dimensional concept have emphasized not only physical health status, but aspects of overall well-being. This article continues in the tradition of a multi-dimensional concept of health, but adds in the complexity of variation over the life course. As people age, chronic health problems become more common. Mobility and sensory limitations also increase. How does this impact how people view their health? How do more complicated understandings of the life course and variation by social factors link to an expanded model of health. This literature review article covers material on concepts of health and life course concepts. The concluding portions of the article focus on the need to improve measurement, to incorporate diversity related to social factors such as gender and race, and to incorporate a broader understanding of health problems into conceptions of health across the life course. | eng_Latn | 17,381 |
Living near greenspace reduces children’s risk of mental health problems | Living in a dwelling that is close to greenspace reduces youngsters’ risk for behaviors associated with neurobehavioral problems. This relationship varies with the type of behavior, the child’s age, and the proximity of the greenspace, according to a study conducted in an ongoing prospective birth cohort. | The article focused on the influence of international environmental NGO on the social-environmental policy in Russia. The authors analyzed FSC certification influence of on local forest communities and social policy actors network. Tree case studies illustrated how the global FSC certification process localized in socialeconomic context of forest communities and answer the question if the local actors could revised their role in forest management. | eng_Latn | 17,382 |
Mediterranean diet and n-3 fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. | Consumption of a traditional Mediterranean diet and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was shown to be effective in reducing the complications of coronary heart disease in randomised controlled trials. Epidemiological studies and controlled trials indicate that plant- and sea-derived n-3 PUFAs | Keynote presentation — A systems rethink: Healthcare innovation through the prism of human-centred services ::: Dr. Peter Jones, Associate Professor, Strategic Foresight and Innovation MDES program, OCAD University, and author of Design for Care: Innovating Healthcare Experience ::: Dr. Jones presents an emerging view of healthcare innovation as the design and creative management of human-centred services. The major challenges in today’s healthcare systems demand holistic management — a practice of making design decisions — to innovate at the levels of policy, process and patients. A whole systems approach helps us rethink healthcare as a large-scale design challenge, where services, people, communications — as well as facilities and business models — are all serving to co-produce care for people in our service and communities. Peter shares new work since Design for Care was published that illustrates how these approaches are quickly becoming successful in North American health systems. | eng_Latn | 17,383 |
Experiencing flow, enjoyment and risk in skydiving and climbing | This article brings together findings from two separate ethnographic studies that explore the motivations, behaviours and experiences of those who voluntarily engage in high-risk activities. Focusing on Csikszentmihalyi’s phenomenology of enjoyment, and taking a particular interest in the psychological and experiential aspects of action, the accounts of skydivers and climbers are presented and discussed in relation to each of the components Csikszentmihalyi has identified as necessary for providing a deep sense of enjoyment. The aim of the article is to show how the concept of flow provides a useful framework for understanding the attractions of engaging in high-risk pursuits that are often overlooked. This contributes to an understanding of particular rural settings,specifically mountains and flying sites, as a backdrop for meaningful action. | The purpose of the model presented by Glance et al is to study the ‘contribute vs. free-ride’ dilemma present in organizations. This social dilemma is present on two intertwined levels, the managerial front and the base level of workers. This model also seeks to define a correlation (if one does exist) between worker turnover and productivity rates. | eng_Latn | 17,384 |
Hygiene in a Landlord State: Health, Cleanliness and Chewing Gum in Late Twentieth Century Singapore: | This article provides historical context for Singapore’s fabled preoccupation with cleanliness. Beyond the legacy of British colonialism and post-colonial concerns with international branding, the ... | Economic and demographic factors are key determinants of health status in old age. Although, in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the evaluation of the relationships between these factors and individual health status in Italy, limited attention has been devoted to the link between housing and health. In this paper, we explore the associations between economic and housing statuses and self-reported health among the elderly, i.e. people aged 65 or over. We analyze data from EU-SILC, the new Eurostat project on Community Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, wave 2006. ::: Results confirm the positive socioeconomic status-health gradient usually found in literature and show that housing conditions have an important role in affecting the health status of the oldest in Italy. These findings increase the need of incorporating socioeconomic and housing factors into health policies in a long term perspective. | eng_Latn | 17,385 |
A smart meter based approach to power reliability index for enterprise-level power grid | We aim to develop a new, practical power reliability index (PRI) for enterprise-level power grids. Largely different from traditional evaluation methods that assume the exponential distribution of time between failures and use theoretical metrics such as mean time between failures (MTBF), our approach is data-driven and takes advantage of smart meters that are capable of recording various power quality indicators at selected monitoring points. The basic idea of our approach is to estimate the instantaneous network reliability, a concept describing current network reliability status, based on measurements from a limited number of smart meters in the power grid. We develop algorithms to solve the technical challenges in the accurate estimation of instantaneous network reliability, using Expectation Maximization (EM) and Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization (MCEM). The effectiveness of our algorithms is validated with empirical evaluation. | Following the implementation of key actions resulting from Valuing People (DoH, 2001), people with learning disabilities resident in hospital will be relocated into the community. This paper examines psychological, social and quality of life indicators applied to a group of 50 service users, 36 of whom are soon to be relocated into community housing. The methodology employs a range of psychometric measures in order to describe intellectual and social functioning, mental health, levels of challenging behaviour and quality of life and choice opportunities. The aim was to compile a profile of the individuals as a group in order to inform service planning and provision. Results illustrate that the group contains a range of individuals with complex and enduring needs. A discussion of the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead for these individuals and the services that support them is presented. The study presents an opportunity to re‐apply this methodology in future years in order to evaluate whether com... | eng_Latn | 17,386 |
Health workforce: A global supply chain approach. New data on the employment effects of health economies in 185 countries. | This document presents data on: ::: (i) current number of workers in the entire global health protection supply chains involving the health economies of 185 countries; ::: (ii) employment potential created by addressing health workforce shortages and producing universal health coverage (UHC); ::: (iii) ratio of jobs in health and non-health occupations needed to achieve health objectives; ::: (iv) number of decent jobs required to allow family care workers filling in for workforce shortages to remain in the labour market. ::: ::: The paper calls for significantly increasing investments in decent jobs for the production of UHC, sustainable development and inclusive growth. | Health as a social concept is very important in medical sociology. More complicated conceptions of health as a multi-dimensional concept have emphasized not only physical health status, but aspects of overall well-being. This article continues in the tradition of a multi-dimensional concept of health, but adds in the complexity of variation over the life course. As people age, chronic health problems become more common. Mobility and sensory limitations also increase. How does this impact how people view their health? How do more complicated understandings of the life course and variation by social factors link to an expanded model of health. This literature review article covers material on concepts of health and life course concepts. The concluding portions of the article focus on the need to improve measurement, to incorporate diversity related to social factors such as gender and race, and to incorporate a broader understanding of health problems into conceptions of health across the life course. | eng_Latn | 17,387 |
Measuring Potential Access to Primary Healthcare Services: The Influence of Alternative Spatial Representations of Population | Spatial accessibility measures are an important policy tool for managing healthcare provision and reducing health inequality. The two-step floating catchment area technique, in common with many alternative methodologies, requires that demand-side population be estimated using spatial interpolation techniques. This article studies the implications of adopting differing spatial representations of population on healthcare accessibility modeling outcomes. Results indicate that a dasymetric model yields lower accessibility scores than a standard pro rata model. More important, the difference is spatially disproportionate, suggesting that the degree of disadvantage experienced in rural areas may be greater than has previously been recognized. | This report is a reflection about the living process of migrating families established in the city periphery, their relation with their physical space as well as their health. Based on Foucault, the author searches to analyze what power and health concepts permeates the relationship of government agencies appeals to a charitable ethic, making use of disciplinary power. In order to construct a true citizenship it is necessary to think beyond a charitable or disciplinary ethic, opening space to the real dialogue between the parties... | eng_Latn | 17,388 |
Advantages and Disadvantages of Mixed Management | Although mixed management still has a long way to go in financial circles in our country, yet after all, it has been a great trend of the times. This article expounds in the detail advantages and disadvantages of mixed management, the effects it has had on commercial banks of our country, and the choice made to suit the management model of our country’s commercial banks according to this. | Abstract This paper argues for the importance of place differences in understanding chronic illness. A conceptual distinction is drawn between individual and ecological effects and it is argued that aggregate analysis provides an inappropriate methodology for studying place differences. Multilevel modelling, in contrast, allows for the simultaneous analysis of individuals and their ecologies. This approach is applied to data derived from a nationally representative sample of over 9 000 United Kingdom individuals in nearly 400 places. | eng_Latn | 17,389 |
Beyond welfare reform: Reframing undocumented immigrants’ entitlement to health care in the United States, a critical review | This article addresses the main scholarly frames that supported the deservingness of unauthorized immigrants to health benefits in the United States (U.S.) following the passage of the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), known as the Welfare Reform bill, in 1996. Based on a critical literature review, conducted between January 1997 and March 2011, this article begins with an analysis of the public health rhetorics that endorsed immigrants’ inclusion into the U.S. health safety net. In this vein, the “cost-saving” and “the effortful immigrant” frames underscore immigrants’ contributions to society vis-a-vis their low utilization of health services. These are complemented by a “surveillance” account that claims to protect the American public from communicable diseases. A “maternalistic” frame is also discussed as a tool to safeguard families, and particularly immigrant mothers, in their roles as bearers and caretakers of their American-born children. | This paper presents interdisciplinary research based on in-depth, comparative analysis of water consumption and land use patterns over a range of urban-tourist forms in Mallorca. The changing tourism patterns towards residential and quality tourism are studied, on the basis that capital investment for capital accumulation and increasing gains are its main drivers. Social awareness about overcrowding and resource limitations has moved the regulatory planning framework toward allowing further urban sprawl, based on the alibi of quality tourism. The rhetoric of this framework represents a first sustainability fix, a fix that hides the higher water demand and climate change issues. The socio-metabolic dimension of this process is analyzed in relation to how it has resulted in an uneven socio-spatial urban landscape of water consumption. This urban-tourist landscape is vulnerable to changes in climate, because it is sustained by an excessive use of water. Water supply is a serious constraint which has been res... | eng_Latn | 17,390 |
Simple modelling procedure for the indoor thermal environment of highly insulated buildings heated by wood stoves | Space heating using wood stoves is a popular solution in many European countries. The nominal power of the state-of-the-art stoves is oversized compared to the needs of highly insulated buildings, leading to a risk of overheating. A modelling procedure is here developed in order to investigate the indoor thermal environment generated by wood stoves in such buildings. This procedure is kept simple to perform all-year detailed dynamic simulations (e.g. using TRNSYS) at an acceptable computational cost. A specific experimental set-up has been developed for validation, essentially regarding the interaction between the stove and the building. The largest source of error appears to be the thermal stratification in the room where the stove is placed. The experiments prove that the model gives a fair insight into the global thermal comfort. Therefore, it is possible to investigate the conditions required for a stove to be properly integrated in a highly insulated building. | The association between poor housing and poor health is widely accepted, but there is a lack of evidence on the health impact of housing interventions. In particular, evidence on mechanisms linking housing interventions to health is lacking. Scotland's Housing and Regeneration Project (SHARP) evaluated the health impacts of new-build social housing using a quasi-experimental survey design. Qualitative interviews were also conducted with a sub-sample of survey respondents. The qualitative data indicated that changes in dwelling type influenced key psychosocial processes such as control, with consequent impacts on well-being. This study provided insights into the psychosocial impacts of housing design, whilst also demonstrating the utility of qualitative methods for enhancing understanding of the mechanisms linking housing change with improved well-being. | eng_Latn | 17,391 |
The Impact of Coupling and Loading Conditions on the Performance of S-S EV Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems | The concept of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) enables electric vehicles (EVs) to charge while in motion. In order to efficiently perform wireless charging, the magnetic coupling between the transmitter and receiver coils should be maintained at all times even when the EV is moving. Therefore, in this paper, the study of system efficiency over different coupling conditions is conducted to observe the performance of the DWPT system at different operating frequencies. The impact of loading conditions on the efficiency of the DWPT system is also analyzed and discussed. The conducted analysis reveals that the higher the resonant frequency, the better is the system performance in terms of maintaining high power transfer efficiencies over a wide range of loading and coupling conditions. | This paper aims to propose an approach to include a holistic user experience (UX) perspective in the development of an assistive technology for mobility, more precisely an intelligent powered wheelchair (IPW). First, the UX related to the anticipated experience (powered wheelchair users, caregivers, clinicians) was obtained in a previous study in order to define technological and functional specifications. Second, the UX related to the episodic and momentary experience were highlighted within a Living lab approach. In that framework, we tested with end-users an IPW in an ecological setting, a mall. For our next step, we propose a methodology to apprehend the cumulative experience. This study will take into account co-users, i.e. co-workers, other pedestrians, etc., that most studies do not take into account and that, in diverse ecological settings. | eng_Latn | 17,392 |
Ultrastructural Changes in Neonatal Liver Tissue: Effects of Maternal Drinking | There is already sufficient evidence in the literature that alcohol abuse during pregnancy has a toxic effect upon the developing fetus; however, previous studies have not revealed any morphological changes in fetal or newborn liver specimens from animals exposed to alcohol in utero. As it is known that alcohol freely crosses the placental barrier, this investigation was an attempt to demonstrate that structural abnormalities can indeed be identified in neonatal mouse liver specimens from pups exposed to alcohol in utero. Chosen as a model for this study was the C57BL/KsJ mouse strain as this particular animal demonstrates an alcohol preference paralleling that of the human alcoholic. Findings appear to indicate the presence of abnormal changes on the morphological level in these study animals. | This paper presents interdisciplinary research based on in-depth, comparative analysis of water consumption and land use patterns over a range of urban-tourist forms in Mallorca. The changing tourism patterns towards residential and quality tourism are studied, on the basis that capital investment for capital accumulation and increasing gains are its main drivers. Social awareness about overcrowding and resource limitations has moved the regulatory planning framework toward allowing further urban sprawl, based on the alibi of quality tourism. The rhetoric of this framework represents a first sustainability fix, a fix that hides the higher water demand and climate change issues. The socio-metabolic dimension of this process is analyzed in relation to how it has resulted in an uneven socio-spatial urban landscape of water consumption. This urban-tourist landscape is vulnerable to changes in climate, because it is sustained by an excessive use of water. Water supply is a serious constraint which has been res... | eng_Latn | 17,393 |
Sustenance and Sociability: Eating Habits in 18th Century America | By the end of the eighteenth century an American cuisine existed, with certain elements common to all areas and people. Despite some | Economic and demographic factors are key determinants of health status in old age. Although, in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the evaluation of the relationships between these factors and individual health status in Italy, limited attention has been devoted to the link between housing and health. In this paper, we explore the associations between economic and housing statuses and self-reported health among the elderly, i.e. people aged 65 or over. We analyze data from EU-SILC, the new Eurostat project on Community Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, wave 2006. ::: Results confirm the positive socioeconomic status-health gradient usually found in literature and show that housing conditions have an important role in affecting the health status of the oldest in Italy. These findings increase the need of incorporating socioeconomic and housing factors into health policies in a long term perspective. | eng_Latn | 17,394 |
Research for Evaluation Method of Urban Disaster Prevention Community Considered Human Ware | There are a few of studies on the disaster prevention community itself. However, the previous methods such as a regional-risk-evaluation based on physical environment can not lead to understand the essence of community. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop a method evaluating the essence from the community which has basic elements. Community Based Disaster Prevention (CBDP) is used in order to develop the community evaluation method examining local problems and residential needs. In previous evaluation studies, physical elements were mainly analyzed in the regional risk analysis. On the other hand, it was difficult to meet the local needs in a community. The new evaluation method quantifies local needs to complement the weakness of the previous methods and understand the characteristics of the disaster prevention community environment. This evaluation method is possible to consider the necessary needs in communities. | Risk estimation in radiation carcinogenesis depends primarily on epidemiological data and hazard rate models. The A-bomb survivors follow-up provides information on the complexity of this process. Several hazard rate models are briefly discussed and illustrated using the A-bomb experience. | eng_Latn | 17,395 |
Changing conceptions of health and life course concepts | Health as a social concept is very important in medical sociology. More complicated conceptions of health as a multi-dimensional concept have emphasized not only physical health status, but aspects of overall well-being. This article continues in the tradition of a multi-dimensional concept of health, but adds in the complexity of variation over the life course. As people age, chronic health problems become more common. Mobility and sensory limitations also increase. How does this impact how people view their health? How do more complicated understandings of the life course and variation by social factors link to an expanded model of health. This literature review article covers material on concepts of health and life course concepts. The concluding portions of the article focus on the need to improve measurement, to incorporate diversity related to social factors such as gender and race, and to incorporate a broader understanding of health problems into conceptions of health across the life course. | We put into effect on the undergraduates in Shanxi Agricultural University by means of comparing experiment: 10-15 minute physical training in physical Education classes, 20-minute morning exercises and training of Cardiopudmonary function on body-building prescription. The results show the enforcement of experiment achieved the goal of improving cardiopulmonary function of the undergraduates. | eng_Latn | 17,396 |
Physical, mental, and physiological health benefits of green and blue outdoor spaces among elderly people | ABSTRACTThis study investigated the influence of designed natural outdoor spaces and space type on the physical, mental, and physiological health status of elderlies. A total of 978 questionnaires ... | Landscape management has altered the population dynamics of many species residing in old growth ecosystems. As a result, fragmentations in residual old oak habitats in Sweden have led to the declin ... | eng_Latn | 17,397 |
Occupational and environmental medicine: moving the factory fence or hedging our bets? | Occupational and environmental medicine evolved out of concern for the effect of work hazards on health. The experienced gained in considering such hazards has been extended to understanding general risks in the environment. As we look toward the future, classical occupational and environmental hazards such as over exposure to lead, asbestos and mercury are waning and being replaced by concerns around sustainable development, toxicology testing and exposure information for high production volume chemicals, development of better approaches for setting workplace and community exposure limits, environmental justice and many others. The opportunities for the future exist in overcoming these new challenges. | ABSTRACTThis study investigated the influence of designed natural outdoor spaces and space type on the physical, mental, and physiological health status of elderlies. A total of 978 questionnaires ... | eng_Latn | 17,398 |
The effect of posture on the human thermoregulatory response | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thermoregulatory responses to postures under different environmental conditions and to obtain the basal information for standard clothing weight, indoor climates, and working condition. Two adult female (22.5yrs, 46kg) were participated in this study. The experimental conditions were divided into three groups ; 1) comfort(, ), 2) hot(, ), and 3) cold(, ) condition. The postures performed were as follows; standing, sitting on the chair, sitting on the floor, and supine on the floor. At each condition, subjective sensations, 12 points skin temperature, rectal temperature, total and local sweat rate, pulse rates, blood pressure, skin blood flow rate were measured. The results were as follows : 1. Rectal temperature was high significant among groups in order of supine, sitting on the floor, sitting on the chair, standing posture(p | This paper presents interdisciplinary research based on in-depth, comparative analysis of water consumption and land use patterns over a range of urban-tourist forms in Mallorca. The changing tourism patterns towards residential and quality tourism are studied, on the basis that capital investment for capital accumulation and increasing gains are its main drivers. Social awareness about overcrowding and resource limitations has moved the regulatory planning framework toward allowing further urban sprawl, based on the alibi of quality tourism. The rhetoric of this framework represents a first sustainability fix, a fix that hides the higher water demand and climate change issues. The socio-metabolic dimension of this process is analyzed in relation to how it has resulted in an uneven socio-spatial urban landscape of water consumption. This urban-tourist landscape is vulnerable to changes in climate, because it is sustained by an excessive use of water. Water supply is a serious constraint which has been res... | eng_Latn | 17,399 |
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