Search is not available for this dataset
query
stringlengths 1
13.4k
| pos
stringlengths 1
61k
| neg
stringlengths 1
63.9k
| query_lang
stringclasses 147
values | __index_level_0__
int64 0
3.11M
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
Preparation research of curcumin liposome | The research is mainly to study the processing techniques for prescription and preparation of curcumin liposomes. The UV method was set up to determine the encapsuled rate of CUR liposome. The liposome was prepared by thin-film disperse method. The prescription of liposomes was filtrated by uniform experiment. The quality was determined by encapsuled rate, leaky rate, et al. The preparation method was suitable and the prescription was CHOL ∶EPC =1 ∶10, VE 0.045 g, CUR 0.009 g, Tween 80 0.005 g. The encapsuled rate was 74.47%, leaky rate was 1.49%, size was 166.83 nm. The UV method was available for the determination of encapsuled rate. The preparation was simple and available for the high encapsuled rate, stable, well-proportioned of CUR liposome. | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | eng_Latn | 17,600 |
Hyperlipidemia in kidney disease: causes and consequences. | Dyslipidemias are common in patients with chronic kidney disease. The causes vary with the stage of kidney disease, the degree of proteinuria, and the modality of end-stage renal disease treatment. Dyslipidemias have been associated with kidney disease progression, and a number of small, randomized, controlled trials of lipid-lowering agents have been conducted. Unfortunately, the results of these trials, although encouraging, have been inconclusive because of the small numbers of patients enrolled. Dyslipidemias may also contribute to the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. This is most likely for patients with chronic renal insufficiency and for kidney transplant recipients. Less certain is the role of dyslipidemias in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease among dialysis patients. | Supported lipid membranes are versatile biomimetic coatings for the chemical functionalization of inorganic surfaces. Developing simple and effective fabrication strategies to form supported lipid membranes with micropatterned geometries is a long-standing challenge. Herein, we demonstrate how the combination of chemical lift-off lithography (CLL) and easily prepared lipid bicelle nanostructures can yield micropatterned, supported lipid membranes on gold surfaces with high pattern resolution, conformal character, and biofunctionality. Using CLL, we functionalized gold surfaces with patterned arrays of hydrophilic and hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed that lipid bicelles adsorbed preferentially onto the hydrophilic SAM regions while there was negligible lipid adsorption onto the hydrophobic SAM regions. Functional receptors could be embedded within the lipid bicelles, which facilitated selective detection of receptor-ligand binding interaction... | eng_Latn | 17,601 |
Novel synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@silica–palladium nanocatalyst: A highly active and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for Heck cross-coupling reactions | Abstract A novel method for synthesis of palladium nanocatalyst on Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles was introduced. For this purpose, the surface of magnetic nanoparticles was modified with two different precursors of silica which produced amine and vinyl functional groups on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. The palladium nanocatalysts were formed on silica shell by direct contact of modified magnetic nanoparticles with the palladium precursor without special requirement of any additional chemical reducer. The nanocatalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The catalytic activity of supported palladium nanocatalysts was investigated in Heck coupling reactions of a series of aryl halides and olefins. Under appropriate conditions, all reactions afforded the desired products in relatively excellent yields. | PURPOSE: To obtain a reagent, having a short activation time and exhibiting high sensitivity to individual factors of coagulation cascade, while facilitating the handling by adding a mixture of sulfatides and solid activator, preferably kaolin. CONSTITUTION: A reagent contains a mixture of sulfatides, solid activator and a phospholipid. A short activation time when sulfatides is used for activating XII factor is not increased substantially, when sulfatides is used together with kaolin. Consequently, an operation with short incubation time, which is practical for routine inspection, can be realized using this reagent. By using an initiator for an activated thromdoplastin time (aPTT) reagent, the advantages of individual activators are combined, without combining the disadvantages thereof. | eng_Latn | 17,602 |
A Novel Method for Polarization Squeezing with Photonic Crystal Fibers | Photonic Crystal Fibers can be tailored to increase the effective Kerr nonlinearity, while producing smaller amounts of excess noise compared to standard silicon fibers. Using these features of Photonic Crystal Fibers we create polarization squeezed states with increased purity compared to standard fiber squeezing experiments. Explicit we produce squeezed states in counter propagating pulses along the same fiber axis to achieve near identical dispersion properties. This enables the production of polarization squeezing through interference in a polarization type Sagnac interferometer. We observe Stokes parameter squeezing of -3.9 +/- 0.3dB and anti-squeezing of 16.2 +/- 0.3dB. | Although a high-efficiency air filter can be achieved from electrospun nanofabrics, it has been challenging to reduce the pressure drop, increase the filtration capacity, and improve the production rate of the electrospinning process. Here, we report a hierarchically structured all-biomass air filter with high filtration efficiency and low air pressure drop based on applying Pickering emulsions to generate protein-functionalized nanostructures. Specifically, the air filter consists of cellulose nanofibers (CNF)/zein nanoparticles as active fillers prepared from Pickering emulsions and porous structures of microfibers as the frame from wood pulp (WP). The zein-protein-coated nanoparticles, CNF/zein, contribute in multiple ways to improve removal efficiency of the filters. First, the exposed functional groups of zein-protein help to trap air pollutants including toxic gaseous molecules via interaction mechanisms. Second, the nanoparticles with a high surface area promote the capture capability for small par... | eng_Latn | 17,603 |
Self-assembly of molecular nanoball : Design, synthesis, and characterization | The design and self-assembly of two new flexible supramolecular nanoballs are described. These assemblies incorporate two flexible tritopic amide and ester building blocks and were prepared in excellent yields (96−97%) via coordination driven self-assembly. The first resulted from the reaction of 4 equiv of a new tritopic ester ligand N,N‘,N‘ ‘-tris(4-pyridylmethyl) trimesic ester and 3 equiv of C4 symmetric Pd(NO3)2. The second analogous structure was obtained by the self-assembly of a flexible N,N‘,N‘ ‘-tris(3-pyridylmethyl) trimesic amide and Pd(NO3)2. The assemblies were characterized with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and TGA. Mass spectrometry along with NMR data and TEM view confirms the existence of the two assemblies. MM2 force field simulations of the cages showed a ball shape with the diameter of the inner cavity of about 2.1 and 1.8 nm for 2a and 2b, respectively, which were also corroborated by TEM analysis. | Objective: To prepare netilmicin sulfate liposomes and characterize the liposomes.Methods:Netilmicin sulfate was encapsulated into the liposomes using ultrasound-assisted multiple emulsification technique.Dialysis was used to determine the entrapment efficiency.Release percentage and distribution in kidney was studied.Results:The sizes of netilmicin sulfate liposomes were well-proportioned.The entrapment efficiency of netilmicin sulfate liposomes was in the range of 53% to 82.7%.The release percentage of the liposomes was lower than 6% when storage under 4 ℃ after 3 months.The liposomes had lower targeting efficiency in mouse kidney after iv administration as compared with netilmicin sulfate solution.Conclusion:Ultrasound-assisted multiple emulsification technique is feasible to prepare netilmicin sulfate liposomes,and dialysis is fit for determining the entrapment efficiency.Netilmicin sulfate liposomes are stable and may have the potential to reduce adverse reactions. | eng_Latn | 17,604 |
Mechanochemical Synthesis of New Amorphous Materials of 60Li2S·40SiS2 with High Lithium Ion Conductivity | New amorphous materials were mechanochemically synthesized by use of crystalline starting materials of Li 2 S and SiS 2 . The conductivity of a mechanochemically prepared sample of 60Li 2 S.40SiS 2 (mol%) after a milling for 20 h was around 10 -4 S.cm -1 at room temperature. This conductivity was comparable to that of the corresponding glassy powders prepared by twin-roller rapid quenching of melt and then pulverizing. The transport number of lithium ions in the mechanochemically prepared sample was nearly unity. Mechanochemical synthesis is a promising way to produce new solid electrolytes for solid-state lithium secondary batteries. | Abstract The biocompatibility of nanostructured titanosilicate microspheres with different Ti/Si ratios was evaluated by probing the affinity of horse haemoglobin (Hgb) towards the samples surface, in terms of quantitative and conformational changes analysis. The samples morphology before and after protein adsorption was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) on spin labeled protein and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies were further used to achieve information concerning both the amount of attached haemoglobin and its secondary structure modifications upon adsorption. The obtained results suggest that nanostructured titanosilicate microspheres present a friendly surface for protein adsorption and an enhanced protein adherence with increase of silica content. | eng_Latn | 17,605 |
Spectroscopic Characterization of Acidity of Titanium (6% AI-4%, V) Surfaces | Abstract Acid-base characteristics of titania powders and of Ti 6–4 metal coupons after pretreatment by the Turco 5578 and phosphate-fluoride processes have been studied. Color changes of indicators spread from solution on the metal surface were detected using diffuse reflectance visible spectroscopy (DRVS). The Turco etched Ti 6–4 surface was found to be basic while the phosphate-fluoride etched Ti 6–4 surface was acidic. Effects due to the experimental conditions of time, solvent, and temperature were also examined. ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) was done to determine if shifts in binding energy were observed for the acid and base forms of the indicators on the Ti 6–4 surfaces. Different binding energies were detected for the oxygen photopeaks of bromthymol blue on Turco and phosphate-fluoride etched Ti 6–4 surfaces. More stearic acid was adsorbed from cyclohexane solutions on the Turco etched Ti 6–4 surface than on the phosphate-fluoride surface as detected by specular reflectance i... | Single-cell encapsulation promises the cytoprotection of the encased cells against lethal stressors, reminiscent of the sporulation process in nature. However, the development of a cytocompatible method for chemically mimicking the germination process (i.e., shell degradation on-demand) has been elusive, despite the shell degradation being pivotal for the practical use of functional cells as well as for single cell-based biology. We report that an artificial shell, composed of tannic acid (TA) and FeIII, on individual Saccharomyces cerevisiae controllably degrades on-demand, while protecting the yeast from multiple external aggressors, including UV-C irradiation, lytic enzymes, and silver nanoparticles. Cell division is suppressed by the TA–FeIII shell, but restored fully upon shell degradation. The formation of a TA–FeIII shell would provide a versatile tool for achieving the chemical version of “sporulation and germination”. | eng_Latn | 17,606 |
Studies on Characterization and Mechanical Behavior of Banana peel Reinforced Epoxy Composites | This paper examines the results of an experimental study based on the engineering properties of banana peel reinforced epoxy composites. Experiments are carried out to study the effect of weight fraction on mechanical behavior of epoxy based polymer composites. The composites were made by varying the weight fraction of banana peel from 0 to 30% and banana peel were made using hand layup method. The fabricated composite samples were cut according to the ASTM standards for different experiments. Hardness test and density test were carried out at the samples. The maximum hardness, density, tensile strength, flexural strength and ILSS are getting for the material prepared with the 20 % reinforced banana peel epoxy composite. Finally the morphology of fractured surfaces is examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy- Dispersive X-Ray diffraction (EDX). The detailed test results and observations are discussed sequentially in the paper. | Abstract Asymmetric total synthesis of small ring macrolide stagonolide-E has been described in this communication. The main highlight of our synthetic strategy is the application of ME-DKR (metal enzyme combo dynamic kinetic resolution) reaction, asymmetric reduction with Noyori’s BINAL-H reagent system, stereoselective cross metathesis, and RCM (ring closing metathesis) reaction at a late stage enables us to achieve the synthesis of the target molecule in an efficient way. | eng_Latn | 17,607 |
Anomeric specificity of liver glycogenolysis. | In rat liver slices incubated in the absence of exogenous D-glucose, both the basal and glucagon-stimulated output of D-glucose resulted in the production of a greater relative amount of alpha-D-glucose than that found at anomeric equilibrium. Comparable results were obtained in isolated hepatocytes. In these experiments, the rate of glycogenolysis largely exceeded that of glycogen synthesis. These findings indicate that liver glycogenolysis represents an alpha-stereospecific process. | Abstract Asymmetric total synthesis of small ring macrolide stagonolide-E has been described in this communication. The main highlight of our synthetic strategy is the application of ME-DKR (metal enzyme combo dynamic kinetic resolution) reaction, asymmetric reduction with Noyori’s BINAL-H reagent system, stereoselective cross metathesis, and RCM (ring closing metathesis) reaction at a late stage enables us to achieve the synthesis of the target molecule in an efficient way. | eng_Latn | 17,608 |
ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION OF PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES: IV. ANIONIC EFFECTS ON THE PHOTOLYSIS OF CYTOSINE AND O-METHYLCYTOSINE | The course of the photochemical reactions involved in the photolysis of O-methylcytosine is strongly affected by the presence of various anions. Similar anionic effects were noted during the photolysis of cytosine but the products of this reaction appeared to be less suitable for further investigation. Ultraviolet irradiation of O-methylcytosine in water leads to destruction of the characteristic absorption bands, while irradiation in phosphate leads to the production of a new compound with marked absorption at 300 mμ, and irradiation in pyrophosphate, glycero-phosphate, citrate, or cacodylate leads to the production of compounds with marked absorption at 274 mμ. The phosphate-dependent photolysis of O-methylcytosine has been studied in some detail and the product has been isolated and purified. Apparently the H2PO4− ion acts as a catalyst in a reaction which involves the loss of 1 mole of ammonia and the addition of 2 moles of water to O-methylcytosine. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | yue_Hant | 17,609 |
Effect of Molding Conditions on the Pore Structure of Activated Carbon and Its CO_2 Adsorption Performance | Monolith activated carbon(MAC) was prepared with phenolic resin as binder,in which the specific surface area of powdery activated carbon was 1183m~2/g.Effect of molding conditions on the pore structure of activated carbon and CO_2 adsorption performance were investigated.Results showed that the specific surface area of MAC was lower than that of activated carbon,but it would increase if the MAC was further physical-activated with CO_2 as activation agent.When the MAC was prepared with 30wt% binder at the molding pressure of 10 MPa and further physical-activated at 800℃ for 2h,its specific surface area,compressive strength and equilibrium adsorption amount of CO_2 were 1323m~2/g,12.7MPa and 0.67 mmol/g,respectively. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,610 |
In Situ Sacrificial Template Approach to the Synthesis of Octahedral CdS Microcages | Octahedral CdS hollow microcages were synthesized on the basis of the ion interface reaction process by using CdMoO4 crystals as in situ sacrificial templates. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and a Brunauer−Emmett−Teller plot. The results show that the shells of the obtained octahedral CdS microcage are constructed by nanoparticles or nanoplates with Na2S or thioacetamide as the sulfur source, respectively. The method using metal salts as the sacrificial template to prepare a hollow structure can be widely applied to synthesize other chalcogenides. | The present invention provides a method and apparatus for preparing and implanting tissue scaffolds. The present invention provides a plurality may be configured to mark one or more predetermined scribing tool shape around the defect site in tissue embodiment. The tissue may be used in one or more marked shapes to cut a tissue scaffold having a shape marked in the tissue or the shape of a plurality of matching. In one embodiment, the scribing tool used to shape the tissue may be marked for cutting the tissue scaffold. | eng_Latn | 17,611 |
Dynamic Regional Viscosity Prediction Model of Blast Furnace Slag Based on the Partial Least-Squares Regression | Viscosity is considered to be a significant indicator of the metallurgical property of blast furnace (BF) slag. A model for viscosity prediction based on the partial least-squares regression of varietal quantity reference points is presented in this article. The present model proposes a dynamic regional algorithm for reference point selection. The study applied the partial least-squares regression to establish the dynamic regional viscosity prediction model on the basis of limited discrete points data. Then an actual prediction was carried out with a large amount of viscosity data of real and synthesized BF slags that was obtained from a certain steel plant in China. The results show that this advanced method turns out to be satisfactory in the viscosity prediction of BF slags with a low averaging error and mean value deviation. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,612 |
Fabrication of silicon nanopore arrays using a combination of dry and wet etching | This paper presents a novel method for the fabrication of silicon nanopore arrays. The proposed method is based on inductive coupled plasma (ICP) etching and a two-step anisotropic wet etching, and can be used to fabricate individual nanopores, and massive nanopore arrays, with lower cost and less time compared with conventional fabrication processes. To optimize this nanopore fabrication process, the size of the ICP etch window was determined in a series of ICP experiments, and a theoretical analysis of the two-step wet etching was conducted. A nanopore array with an average feature size of 130 nm and a rectangular nanopore with a feature size of 38 nm were successfully obtained using this method. These results indicate the potential of this method for the large-scale production arrays of nanopores with desired sizes and shapes. | The enantioselective construction of axially chiral aryl-naphthopyran skeletons was realized by organocatalytic atroposelective intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of in situ generated vinylidene ortho-quinone methides, from 2-ethynylphenol derivatives, with alkynes. Through this method, the heteroatropisomers were obtained with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Moreover, a speculative model of the stereochemical outcome is proposed based on preliminary mechanistic studies. The products having various functional groups can be easily transformed into valuable intermediates as either potential ligands or organocatalysts. | eng_Latn | 17,613 |
Multifunctional Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Catalytic Materials with a Hierarchical System of Well-Defined Micro- and Mesopores | Novel layered zeolitic organic−inorganic materials (MWW-BTEB) have been synthesized by intercalation and stabilization of arylic silsesquioxane molecules between inorganic zeolitic MWW layers. The organic linkers are conformed by two condensed silyl-arylic groups from disilane molecules, such as 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene (BTEB), which react with the external silanol groups of the zeolitic layers. The hybrids contain micropores within the inorganic layers and a well-defined mesoporous system in between the organic linkers. An amination post-treatment introduces basic groups in the organic linkers close to the acid sites present in the structural inorganic counterpart. Through this methodology it has been possible to prepare bifunctional acid−base catalysts where the acid sites are of zeolitic nature located in the inorganic building blocks and the basic sites are part of the organic structure. The resultant materials can act as bifunctional catalysts for performing a two-step cascade reaction that inv... | Conjugating a hydrophilic and protein-resistant polymer to a protein is a widely used strategy to extend the in vivo half-life of the protein; however, the benefit of the half-life extension is usually limited by the bioactivity decrease. Herein we report a supramolecular self-assembly strategy of site-specific in situ polymerization induced self-assembly (SI-PISA) to address the dilemma. An amphiphilic block copolymer (POEGMA-PHPMA) was directly grown from the C-terminus of an important therapeutic protein interferon-α (IFN) to in situ form IFN-POEGMA-PHPMA conjugate micelles. Notably, the in vitro bioactivity of the micelles was 21.5-fold higher than that of the FDA-approved PEGylated interferon-α PEGASYS. Particularly, the in vivo half-life of the micelles (83.8 h) was 1.7- and 100-fold longer than those of PEGASYS (49.5 h) and IFN (0.8 h), respectively. In a tumor-bearing mouse model, the micelles completely suppressed tumor growth with 100% animal survival, whereas at the same dose, PEGASYS and IFN w... | eng_Latn | 17,614 |
Research on Catalytic Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Succinate to γ-Butyrolactone | In a micro fixed-bed reactor,the preparation of γ-butyrolactone by the catalytic hydrogenation of dimethyl succinate using composite copper-based catalyst Cu-ZnO-ZrO2/Al2O3 was investigated.Effects of catalyst composition,reaction temperature,pressure,mole ratio of hydrogen to dimethyl succinate,volume ratio of solvent to solute,space velocity on the hydrogenation reactions were investigated.The results showed that in the optimized conditions when reaction temperature at 220 ℃,reaction pressure around 3.0 MPa,molar ratio of hydrogen to dimethyl succinate close to 150∶1,ratio of solvent and solute near 4∶1,space velocity about 0.25 h-1,the conversion rate of dimethyl succinate reached 100%,the molar selectivity of γ-butyrolactone reached 90%. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,615 |
Kinetics of J-aggregation of a thiacarbocyanine dye in aqueous solution: Novel aggregate mediated by alcohols and metal ions | Abstract The kinetics of formation of J-aggregates induced by mono-, di- and trivalent metal ions was studied for 3,3′-di(γ-sulfopropyl)-5-methoxy-4′,5′-benzo-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine in aqueous solution in the presence of organic solvents, e.g., acetonitrile, where the rate is strongly decreased. A novel intermediate aggregate (I-aggregate) was observed, when a metal ion was added to the thiacarbocyanine dye in a mixture of water with alcohols. The I- and J-aggregates are formed from the dimers. The kinetics of formation of the I-aggregate depend on the concentrations of alcohol and metal ions and its decay matches the formation of the modified J-aggregate. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,616 |
Multifunctional nucleic acid nanostructures for gene therapies | Nucleic acid nanotechnology has been developed to be a promising strategy to construct various nano-biomaterials with structural programmability, spatial addressability, and excellent biocompatibility. Self-assembled nucleic acid nanostructures have been employed in a variety of biomedical applications, such as bio-imaging, diagnosis, and therapeutics. In this manuscript, we will review recent progress in the development of multifunctional nucleic acid nanostructures as gene drug delivery vehicles. Therapeutic systems based on RNA interference (RNAi), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat associated proteins 9 system (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing, gene expression, and CpG-based immunostimulation will be highlighted. We will also discuss the challenges and future directions of nucleic acid nanotechnology in biomedical research. | We describe a novel method for transcript profiling based on high-throughput parallel sequencing of signature tags using a non-gel-based microtiter plate format. The method relies on the identific ... | eng_Latn | 17,617 |
Combinatorial chemistry and technologies : methods and applications | Automation in Combinatorial Chemistry. Computational Aspects of Combinatorial Chemistry. High Throughput Combinatorial Methods for Heterogeneous Catalysts Design and Development. Biological Libraries. Peptide Display Libraries: Design and Construction. Making and Selecting from Phage Antibody Libraries. Biopanning. Oligonucleotide Library Preparation and Screening. Application of Selex Technology to Drug and Diagnostic Development. Combinatorial Proteomic. A Combinatorial Approach to Gene Expression Analysis: DNA Microarrays. Economics of Combinatorial Chemistry and Combinatorial Technologies. | $^{1}$. D.R.T. Appadoo, R.J. LeRoy, P.F. Bernath, S. Gerstenkorn, P. Lu***, J. Verg\`{e}s, J. Sinzelle, J. Chevillard, and Y.D*** Aignaux, J. Chem. Phys., 104, 903 (1996). $^{2}$. T. Yukiya, N. Nishimiya, and M. Suzuki, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 182, 271 (1996). $^{3}$. S. Gerstenkorn and P. Luc. J. Phys., 46, 867 (1985). | eng_Latn | 17,618 |
Sulbactam sodium composition serving as antibacterial drug | The invention relates to a sulbactam sodium composition serving as an antibacterial drug, belonging to the technical field of medicines. The sulbactam sodium composition is prepared from sulbactam sodium and arginine, wherein sulbactam sodium is a crystal; an X-ray powder diffraction diagram obtained by Cu-Kalpha ray measurement is as shown in the figure 1; and the sulbactam sodium crystal has the main particle size of 240-260mu m and the distribution width of 225-275mu m. The novel crystal form of sulbactam sodium provided by the invention is different from a crystal structure in the prior art; and experiments prove that the sulbactam sodium composition provided by the invention has the advantages that the moisture is not easily absorbed, the sulbactam sodium composition is stable if being stored for a long term, and the medication safety is greatly improved. | The nanoparticles of pure metals and alloys exhibit the depression of the melting point compared to bulk material, hence they are able to aggregate and to form firm interlayer joints at low temperatures. Exploiting this effect in soldering industry can save energy, work and materials. Using emulsions with nanopowders might be the solution of demanding task of replacing classical Sn-Pb solders by their lead-free substitutes. In this work, Ag- and Sn-based nanopowders were prepared as potential low-toxic constituents of novel solders by a chemical wet synthesis from chemicals of high purity. Various ways of preparation and further storage of the product were examined. Resulting nanoparticles (their size distribution, morphology and tendency for clustering) were characterized by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. | eng_Latn | 17,619 |
Biomedical In Vivo Studies with ORMOSIL Nanoparticles Containing Active Agents | Organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles have found many biomedical applications and emerged as biocompatible and efficient carriers of diagnostic and therapeutic agents, such as fluorophores, drugs, and DNA. Herein, we describe two major in vivo studies exemplifying the use of these nanoparticles as carriers of active agents. The first part of this report details a systemic administration and biodistribution of radiolabeled and fluorophore-incorporated ORMOSIL nanoparticles in mice. The second part of this report focuses on the use of ORMOSIL nanoparticles as carriers of plasmid DNA for nonviral gene delivery to the mouse brain. We provide detailed protocols describing preparation and characterization of ORMOSIL nanoparticles, methods used for loading the particles with active agents (e.g., radioimaging agents, plasmid DNA), and in vivo administration of the particles. | Object of the present invention to provide a granular preparation hours even in average particle diameter, can be effectively controlled drug dissolution characteristics. The present invention provides a granule formulation, wherein that the first coating layer containing a water-insoluble polymer particles and inorganic particles and granular formulations of a drug having a first cladding layer of the coated drug particles and / or lipid components, the lipid component contains more C15 fatty acids. | eng_Latn | 17,620 |
Solute-Triggered Morphological Transitions of an Amphiphilic Heterografted Brush Copolymer as a Single-Molecule Drug Carrier | We describe the use of an amphiphilic macromolecular brush based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA) as a stabilizer of hydrophobic solutes. The brush, which in solution adopted an extended backbone conformation consequent with excluded volume effects of the side chains, retained an elongated character in water following the hydrophobic collapse of PLA and the backbone triggered by a rapid change in solvent quality. However, in the presence of hydrophobic solutes at low concentrations in a homogeneous environment, the brush formed spherical unimolecular nanoparticles achieving high solute encapsulation efficiency. As solute content increased and exceeded what appears to be a limit for intramolecular solubilization, intermolecular assembly took place along with the formation of large aggregates, the properties of which were highly dependent on the solute. This first observation of the solute-triggered unimolecular collapse of an amphiphilic macromolecular brush should find important ... | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | eng_Latn | 17,621 |
Muzolimine in the Treatment of Acute Tubular Necrosis Following Renal Transplantation | Despite the advances of intensive-care and surgical management, a substantial ischemia of the graft can still occur during every renal transplantation from cadaver donor. The ensuing tubular damage can lead to acute, oliguric graft failure, whereupon the recovery of renal function is deferred in such patients (1, 2). Moreover, long-term survival of the graft is believed by some (3), though not all (4) authors, to be shorter in patients with post-transplant acute tubular necrosis (ATN). | A nanopillars array for the application of molecular controlling was fabricated by use of focused ion-beam (FIB) fine milling on a substrate of silicon. The nanopillars array can realize cell/molecular adhesion and movement control by the arrays high-density contact dots and tiled cone angle of the pillars. This can be obtained using FIB with two methods. One is direct fine milling with bitmap function, and the other is zero-overlap scanning in both directions of horizontal and vertical alternatively with a stage in a certain tilted angle. The milling process was investigated under different beam current and the stage-tilting angles, which determines an aspect ratio and the inclined angle of the pillars. In order to characterize the nanopillars array, we made a replica of the nanopillars array by aid of nanoimprinting with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), and measured the replica by atomic force microscope (AFM). The pillars array can be used as a molecular manipulator to cause cell/molecular motion forward... | eng_Latn | 17,622 |
Effects of cement-lime mixes on lateritic soils for use in highway construction | Abstract This study describes the effects of cement-lime mixes on the geotechnical properties of lateritic soils and recommends the optimum mix proportions of cement and lime for use in highway construction. The following geotechnical properties of the stabilized lateritic soils were measured: Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength and CBR characteristics. The test results show that cement-lime mixes can be utilized for base materials in highway construction. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,623 |
Incorporation of luminescent CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots and PbS quantum dots into solution-derived chalcogenide glass films | CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (CSQDs) and PbS quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using a colloidal method and incorporated into Ge23Sb7S70 glass films via a solution-derived approach to film formation. Photoluminescence (PL) from the QDs inside the glass matrix was observed in the visible (CdSe/ZnS) and near-IR (PbS) regions. Properties of the QDs were found to be environment dependent, with the amine solvent partially quenching the luminescence. The PL lifetime of the CdSe/ZnS CSQDs and PbS QDs in the glass film was decreased to varying degrees from that of the QDs in pure chloroform. Monitoring the steady-state PL intensity and luminescence lifetime of PbS doped films showed that appropriate heat treatment of the deposited film increases the luminescence efficiency by removing residual solvent from the glass matrix. | Abstract Ethanol/water mixture is separated by pervaporation through a polysulfone (PSf) membrane filled with zeolite. The coupling agent effect of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) on the preparation of PSf/zeolite membrane was also studied. APTMS enhanced the contact of zeolite particles with PSf chains and suppressed the formation of microvoids in polymer-zeolite interface. The effects of zeolite type, zeolite loading, feed composition, coupling agent concentration, and treatment time of zeolite surface modification on the pervaporation performance were investigated. The pervaporation performance of the zeolite-filled PSf membranes was strongly affected by the zeolite type. In addition, the molecular sieving effect of zeolite seemed to take place when coupling agent concentration and treatment time increased. Compared with the PSf membrane, the PSf/zeolite 13X/ APTMS membrane effectively improved the pervaporation performances. | eng_Latn | 17,624 |
Study on the Formation and Spectra of SolubleGlycoprotein/Calcium Bilirubinate Complexes | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectrum and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry were used to study the filtrates produced by reactions of different initial ratios (w/w) of α acidic glycoprotein(AGP) and calcium bilirubinate(CaBR) in saline solution. The results indicated that there were strong interactions between AGP and CaBR by hydrogen bonds or coordination or electrostatic attraction, which made the microstructure of AGP changed and solubility of CaBR in aqueous solution increased and a series of soluble AGP/CaBR complexes formed. | Taking up the common challenges in biocatalysis, a group of industrialists decided to react with a bottom-up solution, and created the Swiss Industrial Biocatalysis Consortium (SIBC). The Swiss Industrial Biocatalysis Consortium is a pre-competitive working group to better implement and utilize existing know-how and resources in biocatalysis, and to influence and shape the economic and educational political environment. Recent examples of activities are outlined. | eng_Latn | 17,625 |
Stabilizers for the NVP synthesis | A process for preparing N-alkenyl compounds by reacting the corresponding NH compounds with alkynes in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one stabilizer, and the use of stabilizers to increase the selectivity in a process for preparation of N-alkenyl compounds by reacting the corresponding NH compounds with alkynes in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst. | AbstractThis study aimed to report a one-pot, eco-friendly and room temperature procedure to prepare highly stable (at least 15 months) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous leaf extract o... | eng_Latn | 17,626 |
Synthesis of giant globular multivalent glycofullerenes as potent inhibitors in a model of Ebola virus infection | Tridecafullerenes with 120 peripheral carbohydrate groups have been made in one step from hexakis-adducts of [60]fullerene by using azide–alkyne click chemistry. This synthetic approach offers control over the size and multivalency of these ‘sugar superballs', which are shown to be potent inhibitors of cell infection by an artificial Ebola virus, with IC50 values in the sub-nanomolar range. | Objective:To prepare total matrine controlled release micropellet capsules.Methods:The capsules were prepared by the technology of film-coating with surelease as matrix,and judged by the release behavior.Results:The drug had completely been coated into a homogeneous and continuous film,and the results repeated in three batches showed that the release behavior of the pellet capsules followed zero-equation.Conclusion:The capsules have good sustained release effect and the process of the preparation is available. | eng_Latn | 17,627 |
[Semicircular annuloplasty in regurgitation of the systemic atrioventricular valve]. | Semicircular annuloplasty was applied to 16 patients with congenital heart diseases with systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation (congenital MR 4, ECD 4, Fontan 7, BWG 1). This annuloplasty was performed additionally after the conventional valvulocommissuroplasty. Regurgitation disappeared or was reduced in most of the cases and typical improvement was recognized in the congenital MR group. This procedure was able to be performed rapidly and was applicable to the various heart diseases with systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation. | Abstract Asymmetric total synthesis of small ring macrolide stagonolide-E has been described in this communication. The main highlight of our synthetic strategy is the application of ME-DKR (metal enzyme combo dynamic kinetic resolution) reaction, asymmetric reduction with Noyori’s BINAL-H reagent system, stereoselective cross metathesis, and RCM (ring closing metathesis) reaction at a late stage enables us to achieve the synthesis of the target molecule in an efficient way. | eng_Latn | 17,628 |
Process method for preparing boiler fuels from citric acid industrial flocculent sludge | The invention relates to a process method for preparing boiler fuels from citric acid industrial flocculent sludge. The process consists of four parts of concentration, dispersion, filter press dewatering and roller drying. The method comprises the following steps of: concentrating the flocculent sludge produced by a citric acid industrial environmentally-friendly station through a concentration tank; pumping the concentrated sludge into a dispersion section and treating by adding a dispersing agent; pumping the treated sludge into a filter press for dewatering; sending the dewatered sludge into a roller drying machine for drying; and adding the dried sludge into fuel coal for mixing. By the process, the characteristics that the citric acid industrial flocculent sludge has high organic matter content and can be taken as the boiler fuels after being dried are fully utilized, the heating value in the sludge is recovered and the cleaning level of the enterprise is improved. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,629 |
Formation of catalytically active gold–polymer microgel hybrids via a controlled in situ reductive process | A newly developed N-vinylcaprolactam/acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate/acrylic acid based microgel displays in situ reductive reactivity towards HAuCl4, forming hybrid polymer–gold nanostructures at ambient temperature without additional reducing agents. The colloidal gold nanostructure is selectively formed in the core of the microgel and the composite structure is used as a noble metal catalyst, the activity of which can be tuned depending on the size of the formed core. The hybrid particles can easily be isolated after catalysis via centrifugation and re-used with retention of the catalytic activity. | Abstract A very mild and efficient method for the esterification of N-protected amino acid using silica chloride as a hetrogenous catalyst has been described. This method was found to be very effective on variety of N-protected amino acids as well as on N-protected dipeptides with quantitative yield at faster rate. | eng_Latn | 17,630 |
Bulk ultrafine grained/nanocrystalline metals via slow cooling | Cooling, nucleation, and phase growth are ubiquitous processes in nature. Effective control of nucleation and phase growth is of significance to yield refined microstructures with enhanced performance for materials. Recent studies reveal that ultrafine grained (UFG)/nanocrystalline metals exhibit extraordinary properties. However, conventional microstructure refinement methods, such as fast cooling and inoculation, have reached certain fundamental limits. It has been considered impossible to fabricate bulk UFG/nanocrystalline metals via slow cooling. Here, we report a new discovery that nanoparticles can refine metal grains to ultrafine/nanoscale by instilling a continuous nucleation and growth control mechanism during slow cooling. The bulk UFG/nanocrystalline metal with nanoparticles also reveals an unprecedented thermal stability. This method overcomes the grain refinement limits and may be extended to any other processes that involve cooling, nucleation, and phase growth for widespread applications. | AbstractIn order to mask the bitter taste of drug, a microencapsulation method for the production of egg albumin microaggregates was employed. As model bitter-tasting drug, colistin sulfonate was used. The heat denaturation technique for egg albumin microaggregates (coagulation temperature: 60°C) is different from that for human serum albumin (coagulation temperature: l00°C), which is quite important for high temperature unstable drugs. This method was subsequently used to produce microaggregates with a size range of 108.76 ± 32 μm. The egg albumin microaggregates were able to improve the organoleptic characteristics of colistin sulfonate. Drug release from these microaggregates was confirmed by jitting the dissolution data to the equation of Peppas; this resulted in an n value of 0.9791, signifying zero-order kinetics. | eng_Latn | 17,631 |
P087: Multiresistant bacteria bacteremia cases in a Dakar University Hospital (Senegal) | The emergence of multiresistant bacteria strains compromises the efficiency of antibiotics usually used in our structures. | Abstract Inspired by the ability of SERS nanoantennas to provide an integrated platform to enhance disease targeting in vivo , we developed a highly sensitive probe for in vivo tumour recognition with the capacity to target specific cancer biomarkers such as epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) on human cancer cells and xenograft tumour models. Here, we used ~ 90 nm gold nanoparticles capped by a Raman reporter, encapsulated and entrapped by larger polymers and a FDA antibody–drug conjugate – Cetuximab (Erbitux®) – that specifically targets EGFR and turns off a main signalling cascade for cancer cells to proliferate and survive. These drug/SERS gold nanoantennas present a high Raman signal both in cancer cells and in mice bearing xenograft tumours. Moreover, the Raman detection signal is accomplished simultaneously by extensive tumour growth inhibition in mice, making these gold nanoantennas ideal for cancer nanotheranostics, i.e. tumour detection and tumour cell inhibition at the same time. | eng_Latn | 17,632 |
Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease that often features nonrandom numerical or structural chromosome aberrations that can be detected microscopically. The application of contemporary genome-wide molecular analyses is revealing additional genetic alterations that are not detectable cytogenetically. This article describes the cytogenetic methodology and summarizes major cytogenetic findings and their clinical relevance in ALL. The article provides a review of modern molecular techniques and their application in the research on the genetics and epigenetics of ALL. | Here, we demonstrate a new approach to obtain core/shell bismuth telluride/bismuth sulfide nanorods with shell branching by using a biomolecular surfactant, L-glutathionic acid (LGTA). We show that crystallographic twinning of Bi2S3 driven by Bi-LGTA ligand desorption is the primary mechanism of shell branching, which can be controlled by adjusting the LGTA concentration, reaction temperature, and time. Such branched nanostructures and their formation mechanism are different from the nanotetrapod heterostructures of CdSe and CdTe [13‐15] obtained by exploiting lattice mismatch between allotropic polytypes. | eng_Latn | 17,633 |
Selective and Synergistic Extraction of Nickel from Simulated Cr-Ni Electroplating Bath Solutions using LIX 63 and D2EHPA as Carriers | The main goal of the present study is to explain synergistic extraction of nickel from simulated Cr-Ni electroplating bath solutions (SEBS) using 5,8-diethyl-7-hydroxydodecane-6-one oxime (LIX 63) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as extractants by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique. The importance of membrane composition and aqueous phase properties on nickel extraction percentage has been highlighted for the selective extraction of nickel. Some important parameters like acid concentration, stripping solution type and concentration, mixing speed, extractant concentrations, phase ratio, and surfactant concentration was studied to improve the extraction and stripping efficiencies. Higher than > 99% of nickel was recovered at optimum conditions within 6 min. The higher separation factors (βNi/Cr) were obtained as 580. As a result, the nickel extraction kinetic with D2EHPA has been defined as faster than LIX63. So, the kinetic transport of nickel mainly depends on LIX63 than D2EHPA. Accord... | This paper presents a novel method for the fabrication of silicon nanopore arrays. The proposed method is based on inductive coupled plasma (ICP) etching and a two-step anisotropic wet etching, and can be used to fabricate individual nanopores, and massive nanopore arrays, with lower cost and less time compared with conventional fabrication processes. To optimize this nanopore fabrication process, the size of the ICP etch window was determined in a series of ICP experiments, and a theoretical analysis of the two-step wet etching was conducted. A nanopore array with an average feature size of 130 nm and a rectangular nanopore with a feature size of 38 nm were successfully obtained using this method. These results indicate the potential of this method for the large-scale production arrays of nanopores with desired sizes and shapes. | eng_Latn | 17,634 |
31P and 51V ENDOR in LuPO4:Gd3+, YVO4:Gd3+ and LuVO4:Gd3+ | ENDOR measurements of 31P and 51V in LnPO4 and LnVO4 have shown three features. First they have shown that there are large non-dipolar contributions to the transferred hyperfine interaction between a Gd3+ impurity ion and the nearest neighbour positive ion, as was also found in alkaline earth fluorides by Baker and Bluck (1985). Secondly, they have shown that changes in the electric quadrupole interaction of 51V may be used to deduce local distortions produced by a Gd3+ impurity. Thirdly, they have demonstrated a large deviation in the angular dependence of the ENDOR spectra from the commonly used first-order expressions, due to effects of fine structure. | The research is mainly to study the processing techniques for prescription and preparation of curcumin liposomes. The UV method was set up to determine the encapsuled rate of CUR liposome. The liposome was prepared by thin-film disperse method. The prescription of liposomes was filtrated by uniform experiment. The quality was determined by encapsuled rate, leaky rate, et al. The preparation method was suitable and the prescription was CHOL ∶EPC =1 ∶10, VE 0.045 g, CUR 0.009 g, Tween 80 0.005 g. The encapsuled rate was 74.47%, leaky rate was 1.49%, size was 166.83 nm. The UV method was available for the determination of encapsuled rate. The preparation was simple and available for the high encapsuled rate, stable, well-proportioned of CUR liposome. | eng_Latn | 17,635 |
Enantioselective Synthesis of Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu) via the Iron-Catalyzed Stereoselective Olefin Diazidation | We herein report a gram-scale, enantioselective synthesis of Tamiflu, in which the key trans-diamino moiety has been efficiently installed via an iron-catalyzed stereoselective olefin diazidation. This significantly improved, iron-catalyzed method is uniquely effective for highly functionalized yet electronically deactivated substrates that have been previously problematic. Preliminary catalyst structure-reactivity-stereoselectivity relationship studies revealed that both the iron catalyst and the complex substrate cooperatively modulate the stereoselectivity for diazidation. Safety assessment using both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the drop weight test (DWT) has also demonstrated the feasibility of carrying out this iron-catalyzed olefin diazidation for large-scale Tamiflu synthesis. | This article describes how pure Ty-VLPs (virus-like particles) can be prepared from hybrid Ty-VLPs. Many different hybrid Ty-VLPs have been produced and may be easily purified. Since the sedimentation properties of different hybrid Ty-VLPs are similar, a simple purification process can be used for any VLP. This fast, versatile, and easy process allows for the production of a variety of recombinant proteins. | eng_Latn | 17,636 |
Research progress of magnetosomes used as natural magnetic targeting drug-nanocarriers | Bacterial magnetosomes (BMs) are lipid bi-membrane-bound nanometer-sized single-domain magnetic crystals synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria. BMs have been commonly used as a novel natural magnetic nanocarrier for various bioactive substances due to its significant advantages of good biocompatibility and surface modification, which shows a broad application prospect in targeting therapy. This article mainly introduces sources and advantages of BMs through comparing with artificial magnetic nanoparticles and then reviews the recent research concerned with application of BMs used as targeting drug-carriers. Unresolved problems and prospects on the drug loading research of BMs are also covered. | Abstract 1-Nitropyrene-2-ol is not detectably mutagenic in the Salmonella test in the absence of mammalian activation. It is activated by the rat liver microsom e-containing preparation S9 and gives a mutagenic response similar to that of benzo(a)pyrene. | eng_Latn | 17,637 |
Lysosomal storage diseases: from pathophysiology to therapy. | Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of rare, inborn, metabolic errors characterized by deficiencies in normal lysosomal function and by intralysosomal accumulation of undegraded substrates. The past 25 years have been characterized by remarkable progress in the treatment of these diseases and by the development of multiple therapeutic approaches. These approaches include strategies aimed at increasing the residual activity of a missing enzyme (enzyme replacement therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, pharmacological chaperone therapy and gene therapy) and approaches based on reducing the flux of substrates to lysosomes. As knowledge has improved about the pathophysiology of lysosomal storage diseases, novel targets for therapy have been identified, and innovative treatment approaches are being developed. | Nonflammable solid-state electrolytes can potentially address the reliability and energy density limitations of lithium-ion batteries. Garnet-structured oxides such as Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) are some of the most promising candidates for solid-state devices. Here, three-dimensional (3D) solid-state LLZO frameworks with low tortuosity pore channels are proposed as scaffolds, into which active materials and other components can be infiltrated to make composite electrodes for solid-state batteries. To make the scaffolds, we employed aqueous freeze tape casting (FTC), a scalable and environmentally friendly method to produce porous LLZO structures. Using synchrotron radiation hard X-ray microcomputed tomography, we confirmed that LLZO films with porosities of up to 75% were successfully fabricated from slurries with a relatively wide concentration range. The acicular pore size and shape at different depths of scaffolds were quantified by fitting the pore shapes with ellipses, determining the long and short axes a... | eng_Latn | 17,638 |
Ion-beam bombardment induced texture in nickel substrates for coated high-Tc superconductors | Biaxially textured metal substrates are often used for making YBa2Cu3O7−x coated conductors with high critical current density. Generally, specific rolling and high-temperature annealing procedures are required to obtain the biaxial texture for metal substrates. Here, we report on a new method for developing strongly biaxially textured grain structure in rolled nickel tape by argon ion-beam bombardment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) θ–2θ scans have shown that a (200) diffraction peak intensity of the Ni foil processed by ion-beam structure modification (ISM) is two orders of magnitude greater than that of cold-rolled foil, while the (111) and (220) intensities are very weak. In the ISM processed Ni foils, from the rocking curve, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) value of the (200) peak has been found to be less than 5.9°, whilst the in-plane FWHM obtained from a pole figure analysis is just 8°. We discuss the possible mechanisms leading to the texture changes during ISM. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,639 |
Changes in dry matter, oil content and fatty acids composition of avocado during harvesting time and post-harvesting ripening period | Abstract Dry matter, oil content and fatty acid composition of avocado fruit ( Persea americana , cv. Fuerte and Hass) were examined with respect to the harvesting and post-harvest ripening period. Fruits were harvested in November, December, and January at one-month intervals. Samples were kept for 8 days under ambient conditions to ripen. Dry matter and oil content of both cultivars increased significantly ( p p p p p | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,640 |
Saturated fatty acid-induced miR-195 impairs insulin signaling and glycogen metabolism in HepG2 cells | MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in insulin signaling and insulin secretion, but the role of miRNAs in the association between obesity and hepatic insulin resistance is largely unknown. This study reports that saturated fatty acid (SFA) and high fat diet (HFD) significantly induce miR-195 expression in hepatocytes, and that the insulin receptor (INSR), not insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), is a direct target of miR-195. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of miR-195 suppresses the expression of INSR, thereby impairing the insulin signaling cascade and glycogen synthesis in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that the dysregulation of miR-195 by SFA is a detrimental factor for hepatic insulin sensitivity. | The preparation, characterization and catalytic application of a novel 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate-functionalized graphene oxide is described. The catalyst was characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the material was also determined by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The catalytic application of 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate-functionalized graphene oxide nanocatalyst was then investigated in the synthesis imidazole derivatives from benzil, different aldehydes and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions in short reaction times and good to excellent yields. ::: The significant advantages of this procedure are low loading of the catalyst, avoiding the use of toxic transition metals, short reaction times, high to excellent yields, easy separation and purification of the products and reusability of this nanocatalyst. | eng_Latn | 17,641 |
Synthesis of bis-macrocyclic HCV protease inhibitor MK-6325 via intramolecular sp²-sp³ Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and ring closing metathesis. | A practical asymmetric synthesis of the complex fused bis-macrocyclic HCV protease inhibitor MK-6325 (1) is described. Through the combination of a high yielding and low catalyst loading ring-closing metathesis (RCM) to forge the 15-membered macrocycle with an intramolecular sp(2)-sp(3) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling to append the 18-membered macrocycle, multikilogram access to the unique and challenging architecture of MK-6325 (1) has been achieved. | In this work a system which consists of chitosan (CS) microcores entrapped within enteric polymer is presented. Vitamin D2, used as a model drug, was efficiently entrapped within CS microcores using spray-drying and then microencapsulated into ethylic cellulose(EC). The morphology and release properties of microcapsules were tested. The influential factors of preparation conditions included molecular weight of chitosan, concentration of chitosan solution, concentration of acetic acid, loading of vitamin D2 were discussed. The results of in vitro release studies showed that the microcapsules prepared in this article could realize sustained release in intestine. | eng_Latn | 17,642 |
Selective Dissolution of Electrodeposited Zn-Ni Alloy Coatings | SUMMARYThe corrosion of Zn-Ni alloy coatings in pure and NaHCO, containing Nad solutions was investigated under open circuit potential conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were applied for the alloy surface characterisation, while direct current plasma emission spectrometry was used for test solution and corrosion product film analysis. It has been established that Zn dissolves preferentially leaving a top layer slightly enriched with Ni. However, this layer does not act as a barrier layer for the further corrosion attack. The presence of NaHCO3, in NaC! solution causes a reduction in the corrosion rales of Zn-Ni alloy and the thickness of corrosion product (oxide) film, as well as affecting the ratio of the soluble and insoluble fractions of ionised Zn and Ni and the development of the surface morphology. In a pure NaCl solution Zn-Ni corrosion occurred with surface roughening, while in the presence of NaHCO3 the process ... | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,643 |
Cell-Directed Integration into Three-Dimensional Lipid-Silica Nanostructured Matrices | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | α3β1-integrin is abundantly expressed in the epidermis, and in ::: mice, ablation of the α 3 gene results in embryonic defects and ::: perinatal lethality. To determine the role of α3-integrin in adult skin ::: development, we grafted skin from newborn α3-integrin-deficient mice on ::: to ICRF nu/nu recipients. We report that adult α3-integrin-deficient ::: skin has severe abnormalities restricted to hair follicle morphology, which ::: include stunted hair follicle growth, increased hair follicle fragility, ::: aberrant pigment accumulation and formation of hair follicle clusters. These ::: abnormalities are caused by a combination of defects in: (1) keratinocyte ::: cytoskeletal organisation, (2) outer root sheath architecture and (3) ::: integrity of the lamina densa. Our results indicate that α3β1 is ::: not essential for adult interfollicular epidermal differentiation, but it is ::: required to direct several processes important in hair follicle maintenance ::: and morphogenesis. | eng_Latn | 17,644 |
Aqueous noble metal colloids and their use | Aqueous precious metal colloids in the form of a sol with metal particles of 0.5-100 nm containing more than 10 mmol precious metal per litre of sol. Said colloids can be obtained by reduction of a precious metal salt or complex dissolved in water by using an organic reducing agent in the presence of a water-soluble polymer and optionally in the presence of multivalent anions. The aqueous precious metal colloids can be used to produce catalysts with a precious metal support by bringing said colloids into contact with a catalyst support, whereby the precious metal is spontaneously absorbed onto said support. | Abstract : Discussed is a preparative method for preparing antioxidant, anticorrosive and detergent additives to petroleum products. The additives are alkyl derivatives of bis((imidazolyl)CH2CH2NHS-). The additives are prepared by reacting monocyclic disubstituted imidazolines with sulfur chloride at 40-70 degrees centigrade in benzene solution. | eng_Latn | 17,645 |
Radiation-Induced Acrylamide/4-Vinyl Pyridine Biocidal Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activities | ABSTRACTAcrylamide/4-vinyl pyridine hydrogels were synthesized by radiation polymerization technique using a γ-irradiator. The prepared radiation-synthesized acrylamide/4-vinyl pyridine hydrogels were then treated using a modifying agent with aromatic functional group. The modifying agent used in the modification of acrylamide/4-vinyl pyridine hydrogels was the N-aromatic alkyl quaternizing agent of chloromethyl benzene. The functional group on the modified acrylamide/4-vinyl pyridine hydrogels was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Thermal analysis, surface morphology investigation, and swelling of the modified and unmodified hydrogels were completed. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the modified and unmodified hydrogels were also tested against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923); two gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) human pathogenic bacteria and a fungal strain—Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) for th... | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,646 |
The oxidation of C14-labeled glucose and lactate by the rabbit cornea☆ | Abstract The glucose oxidation of whole cornea was studied, using C 14 -labeled glucose and lactate. In addition, the effects of large metabolic pools on the radiochemical yield were observed. The results indicate that the citric acid cycle is active and confirm the importance of the shunt pathway. Denuded cornea retains one-third of its ability to oxidize lactate but loses 90 % of its capacity to oxidize glucose. Evidence is presented which indicates that the cornea may metabolize both glucose and lactate simultaneously. | Recently, there has been an increase in research relating to the search for new optoelectronic materials for photovoltaic devices and light-emitting diodes. This research focuses on developing materials that not only possess the required optoelectronic properties (high absorption, efficient photon emission, and high charge-carrier mobilities) but are also solution-processable, which can reduce fabrication costs. Ternary ionic crystal structures, such as lead-halide perovskites, have emerged as a class of such suitable materials. However, the most promising structures, which exhibit the highest device efficiencies, rely on toxic lead as a cationic species, thereby hindering commercial application. Here, we synthesize and characterize CsCuCl3 and Cs2CuCl4 nanocrystals. These nanocrystals exhibit bright broad band green emission from copper defects when excited below 300 nm. We show that by employing a variety of ratios of coordinating solvents during synthesis, we can tailor the morphology of the nanopartic... | eng_Latn | 17,647 |
Total Synthesis of Lamellarin D Trimethyl Ether, Lamellarin D, and Lamellarin H | Total syntheses of three different lamellarins have been accomplished using a Ru(II)-catalyzed (3 + 2) annulation strategy to construct the central pyrrole ring. The striking features of this synthesis are the use of PEG-400 as a green solvent for the (3 + 2) annulation reaction and multiple catalytic reactions with excellent overall yield. The present route also enables the synthesis of various lamellarin analogues devoid of a B ring. | A simple, inexpensive approach is proposed for enhancing the durability of automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cells by selective promotion of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and suppression of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the anode in startup/shutdown events. Dodecanethiol forms a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the surface of Pt particles, thus decreasing the number of Pt ensemble sites. Interestingly, by controlling the dodecanethiol concentration during SAM formation, the number of ensemble sites can be precisely optimized such that it is sufficient for the HOR but insufficient for the ORR. Thus, a Pt surface with an SAM of dodecanethiol clearly effects HOR-selective electrocatalysis. Clear HOR selectivity is demonstrated in unit cell tests with the actual membrane electrode assembly, as well as in an electrochemical three-electrode setup with a thin-film rotating disk electrode configuration. | nld_Latn | 17,648 |
Charge/discharge characteristics of the coal-tar pitch carbon as negative electrode in Li-ion batteries | Abstract The charge/discharge characteristics were studied for the coal-tar pitch-based carbon (CTPC), which was pyrolyzed under the condition to form anisotropic mesophase pitch and then heat treated at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1300°C in N 2 atmosphere. As the heat treatment temperature increased, the reversible capacity for the CTPC increased progressively up to 1000°C, while the irreversible capacity decreased continuously. Carbons synthesized through the extraction of anisotropic mesophases showed higher reversible and lower irreversible capacities than the directly pyrolyzed ones. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,649 |
Chemical efficiency of reactive microflows with heterogeneous catalysis: a lattice Boltzmann study | We investigate the effects of geometrical micro-irregularities on the conversion efficiency of reactive flows in narrow channels of millimetric size. Three-dimensional simulations, based upon a Lattice-Boltzmann-Lax-Wendroff code, indicate that periodic micro-barriers may have an appreciable effect on the effective reaction efficiency of the device. Once extrapolated to macroscopic scales, these effects can result in a sizeable increase of the overall reaction efficiency. | A series of novel quinidine-derived organocatalysts was synthesized and utilized for the asymmetric substitution of O-Boc-protected Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts with various carbamates and tosylcarbamates, affording the corresponding products in good to high yields (up to 91 % yield) with moderate to high ee values (up to 96 % ee) under mild conditions. | eng_Latn | 17,650 |
Methods of making and using the microporous membrane as well as such films | The present invention relates to a suitable microporous polymer membrane for use as a separator film for batteries. The present invention also relates to processes for the manufacture of such a film, batteries containing film according as a battery separator, a method of manufacturing such batteries, and to methods for using such batteries concerns. | Highly ordered mesoporous NiFe2O4 with excellent microwave absorption properties has been synthesized by using mesoporous silica (KIT-6) as a hard template. | eng_Latn | 17,651 |
Radiation effects in cultured tumour cells examined by 1H MRS: mobile lipids modulation and proliferative arrest | Much attention has been devoted in the past to monitor changes of mobile lipid (ML) 1 H MRS signals in spectra of tumour cells. The purpose of this work is to exploit ML signals to provide information on cell metabolism after irradiation, comparing tumour cells characterised by different radiosensitivity and relating MRS findings to changes in cell proliferation and delays in cell cycle phases. Irradiated HeLa cells present less intense ML signals with respect to controls. The opposite is true for MCF-7 cells. A G 2 arrest is observed for both cell lines after irradiation. In HeLa cells, G 1 decreases and S phase is maintained; a sub G 1 peak is also visible. In MCF-7 cells, G 1 is decreased and S phase is strongly reduced, while no sub G 1 is present. The observed changes in ML are tentatively associated to cell cycle regulation of phospholipid synthesis. Mathematical modelling of ML variations is in progress. | Finding environmentally gentle methods to graft Lewis acid on the surface of mesoporous materials is a topic of current interest. Herein we describe the optimization of a preparation procedure of a mesoporous silica-supported ErIII catalyst using the microwave-assisted post-calcination functionalization of Mobil Composition of Matter-41 silica as the key step. The required time for functionalization was reduced from several hours to 10 min using sealed-vessel microwave technology. Control experiments using conventional heating at the same temperature demonstrated that the rate increase is owing to a simple thermal/kinetic effect as a result of the higher reaction temperature. The resulting ErIII catalyst was tested for the first time as a catalyst in the continuous flow deprotection of benzaldehyde dimethylacetal and a complete leaching study was performed. | eng_Latn | 17,652 |
THE EFFECTS OF IMPURITIES IN CATALYST ON CATALYTIC REACTION OF DIMETHYL THIOETHER SYNTHESIS | The effects of Fe and Na impurities containing γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst on catalytic reaction of dimethyl thioether synthesis were investigated. The results indicated that the decomposition reaction of methyl alcohol was exacerbated as the Fe content increased. The mercaptan yield increased while dimethyl thioether yield decreased. The rate of decomposition of methyl alcohol increased as the Na content reduced. Both the maximum yield of dimethyl thioether and the minimum yield of methyl hydrosulfide were obtained in the Na mass fraction range of 0.2%-0.4%. When the Na content further increased, the yield of methy hydrosulfide increased, the selectivity of dimethyl thioether decreased. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | yue_Hant | 17,653 |
On Preparation of Water Permeable Brick with Alumina Silicon Calcium Slag Extracted from High Alumina Fly Ash | Extraction of alumina from high aluminium fly ash can produce calcium silicate slag,which can be made to water permeable brick.This method is a way to explore the effective use of calcium silicate slag,is of positive effects in reducing the environmental pollution and land destruction,and is a case of positive position of sustainable development and recycling for China's industrial production.Starts from the production and application of high alumina fly ash and calcium silicate slag,analyzes several key points in the process of preparation combining with the situation of water permeable brick,hoping to provide help for efficient use of calcium silicate slag. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,654 |
Physicochemical stabilization of lipid microspheres by coating with polysaccharide derivatives. | A methodology to improve lipid microspheres (LM) as a carrier for lipophilic drugs and their physicochemical properties are described. The LM were prepared from glycerides, glycerol, and phospholipids. The method involves coating of the surface of the LM with a naturally occurring or chemically modified polysaccharide. Special emphasis will be made on cholesterol-bearing pullulan and amylopectin. This is the same approach as that adopted for the stabilization of liposomes. Turbidity measurement revealed that the coating effectively depressed the Ca2+-induced aggregation of the LM. From fluorescence polarization measurements, it was concluded that the fluidity of the LM surface decreased with the polysaccharide coating. Furthermore, the coating effect was investigated by zeta-potential measurements. The coating reduced the negative zeta-potential of the LM to an apparently neutral value. | In this lecture we present an overview of some recent results on temporal and spatial structures in chemical systems far from equilibrium. We discuss experiments on multiple stationary states (bi- and tristabilities), hysteresis of unstable stationary states, limit cycles, generation of limit cycles by periodic external perturbations, regular and Hopf bifurcations, chemical fronts, time-independent spatial structures and periodic precipitation processes. | eng_Latn | 17,655 |
Heparan sulfate and clusterin: Cleaning squad for extracellular protein degradation. | The mechanisms of quality control for extracellular proteins are still poorly understood. In this issue, Itakura et al. (2020. J. Cell. Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201911126) show that upon binding to misfolded proteins, the extracellular chaperone clusterin is internalized via the heparan sulfate receptor to undergo lysosomal degradation. | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | eng_Latn | 17,656 |
Stereoselective Synthesis of MLN4924, an Inhibitor of NEDD8-Activating Enzyme | MLN4924 (1), which is in clinical trials as an anticancer agent, was stereoselectively synthesized from d-ribose via a route involving stereoselective reduction, regioselective cleavage of an isopropylidene moiety, and selective displacement of a cyclic sulfate moiety as key steps. | A new method is put forward to design large-scale intrinsic analog evolvable hardware(EHW) based on AN231E04,a new brand field programmable analog array(FPAA) device with big granularity and high reconfiguration speed.ANEHP-Alpha,an intrinsic EHW platform,is designed with this method.Small-scale greedy search method is employed to generate initial population with preponderant fitness value.Elite individual reservation strategy is used to ensure the ability of convergence and controlling parameters are dynamically adjusted to avoid earliness and increase the convergence speed.A fast pre-evaluation and bad individual elimination method is employed which highly increases the speed of evolution and ensures the devices against the damage induced by illegal individuals.ANEHP-Alpha lays a better foundation for the further research of large-scale intrinsic analog evolvable hardware. | eng_Latn | 17,657 |
THE ACTION OF GLYCOL ALDEHYD AND GLYCERIN ALDEHYD IN DIABETES MELLITUS AND THE NATURE OF ANTIKETOGENESIS | It is generally known that the acetone bodies (acetone, aceto-acetic acid and beta-oxybutyric acid) have their origin in butyric acid, which in turn comes from the fats and to a lesser extent from the proteins, and that the main prerequisite for development of acidosis is a diminution in sugar oxidation. When for any reason the daily oxidation of sugar in the body falls below a certain minimum (say 50 to 75 gm. per day for a man weighing 75 kilograms) then some degree of acidosis supervenes. In the acidosis of starvation, in which lowered sugar combustion is the result of a diminished intake of carbohydrate food, the mere administration of sugar serves to stop the accumulation of acetone bodies. In diabetes, in which the lessened oxidation of sugar is due to the inability on the part of the body to attack the glucose molecule, even when present in abundance, the | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | yue_Hant | 17,658 |
Catfish Antibodies to Blood Group Substances: II. Cross‐Reacting Anti‐A and B Antibodies | . A sample of normal serum and some anti-B secretor saliva antiserum, both obtained from the Australian freshwater catfish Tandanus tandanus Mitchell, were used in haemagglutination inhibition experiments with human secretor and non-secretor fluids, blood group substances and some simple sugars. These experiments, together with immunodiffusion studies, clearly showed that the sera examined contained antibodies reacting with both the A and B, but not with the H, blood group antigens. ::: ::: ::: ::: The results obtained are discussed with particular reference to the findings and speculations of others who have studied such cross-reacting antisera. | A facile co-precipitation method was developed to prepare the novel metalloporphyrins-Ba2+ composites with ca. 3 μm diameter and olive-like morphology. Olefins epoxidation reactions were employed to investigate their catalytic performance. Compared with the free metalloporphyrins, the composites exhibited not only the improved stability and recyclability, but also the enhanced catalytic activity. Such catalytic behaviors could be related to the unique structure of the composites, e.g., the strong interaction between R-SO3- and Ba2+ ions and the uniform distribution of metalloporphyrins on the catalyst surface, respectively. Furthermore, the composites showed good compatibility with a wide range of substrates. The well-designed composites are expected to be efficient catalysts, alternative to many sophisticated-synthesized metalloporphrins-based materials, in the industrially important reactions. | eng_Latn | 17,659 |
Arresting, fixing, and separating dimers composed of uniform silica colloidal spheres | When fresh tetraethylorthosilicate is introduced into a colloidal suspension of silica spheres, it hydrolyzes and condenses in situ to arrest and fix the dimers resulting from constant collisions between the spheres. By optimizing the experimental parameters (including the length of aging time) and the diameter of the silica spheres, as well as the concentrations of counterions, water, and ammonia, it is possible to routinely produce monodisperse dimers with a yield as high as 50 %. When combined with centrifugation using a density gradient medium, the yield of such dimers could be further increased to 80 %. It is believed that this method will provide a simple and versatile approach to the high-volume production of dimers from spherical colloids composed of different materials. These dimers may find widespread use in a range of applications such as fabrication of photonic crystals and fundamental studies related to colloidal science. | Since their discovery microresonator-based frequency combs have drawn a lot of interest due to their compact form factor and potential for integration. We report on the recent progress regarding dissipative Kerr solitons generated from photonic chip-based microresonators and their use in different fields of application. | eng_Latn | 17,660 |
Organized planar nanostructures from ligand-stabilized nanoclusters: a route to molecular nanoelectronic devices | In present work, we describe the formation and deposition of mixed Langmuir monolayers composed of inert amphiphile molecular matrix and guest ligand-stabilized metal-core nanoclusters. Such approach allowed obtaining the ordered stable reproducible planar monolayer and multilayer nanocluster nanostructures on solid substrates. The use of novel polymeric Langmuir monolayers formed by amphiphilic polyelectrolytes and nanoclusters resulted in fabrication of ultimately thin monomolecular nanoscale-ordered stable planar polymeric nanocomposite films. Morphology and electron transport in fabricated nanostructures were studied experimentally using AFM and STM. The perspectives for nanoelectronic applications of organized planar nanostructures from ligand-stabilized nanoclusters are discussed. | The key factor for improving the efficiency of assembly sequence planning is to reduce the number of components involved in the search or generation of assembly sequences. This paper presents a methodology for automatically extracting subassemblies from a product through analyzing the interference matrices and connection matrices of an assembly in order to simplify the assembly sequence generation. By considering the engineering information of components, the number of components involved in the search of assembly sequences can be reduced greatly. | eng_Latn | 17,661 |
Vanadium and Nickel Speciation in Pulverized Coal and Petroleum Coke Co-combustion | Vanadium and nickel in emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and in the fly ash can be an environmental concern. The fly ash from the combustion of a 70% coal/30% petroleum coke blend in a 500 MW pulverized-fuel utility boiler was studied by a variety of X-ray, optical microscopy, and electron beam methods. The fly ash V and Ni are present in heterogeneous silicates, glass, sulfates, oxides and oxyhydroxides, and crystalline and/or amorphous mixed clay minerals, and also in Ni, detrital ferromagnesian silicates. Vanadium- and Ni-bearing spinels are incorporated into magnetite structures. Multiwalled nanotubes encapsulate V and Ni, and C60, C70, and C80 fullerenes and their derivatives are present. | Efficient and specific delivery of antisenses (ASs) and protection of the sequences from degradation are critical factors for effective therapy. Sustained release nanoparticles (NP) offer increased resistance to nuclease degradation, increased amounts of AS uptake, and the possibility of control in dosing and sustained duration of AS administration. The biodegradable and biocompatible poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) was utilized to encapsulate AS directed against osteopontin (OPN), which is a promising therapeutic target in mammary carcinoma. Whole body biodistribution of OPN AS NP was evaluated in comparison to naked AS, in intact and mammary carcinoma metastasis model bearing rats. Naked and NP encapsulated AS exhibited different biodistribution profiles. AS NP, in contrast to naked AS, tended to accumulate mostly in the spleen, liver, and at the tumor inoculation site. Drug levels in intact organs were negligible. The elimination of naked AS was faster, due to rapid degradation of th... | eng_Latn | 17,662 |
Enzyme-containing polysiloxane - based fouling release coating | The present application discloses a cured fouling release paint, the coating comprising by dry weight accounting for at least 40% silicone - based binder matrix and one or more enzymes. The present application further discloses a cartridge for preparing a soil for removing paint, a coating composition, the coating composition comprises a partially modified with a hydrophilic-containing oligomer / polymer or more of a poly silicone silicone component - based binder system and one or more enzymes, and a coating composition comprising a polysiloxane - based binder system, 0.01 to 20% dry by weight of one or more hydrophilic - modified silicone oil and one or more enzymes. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,663 |
Structural, thermal decomposition and luminescent studies on gel grown crystals of poly[tetraaquadinicotinatostrontium(II)] containing ‘χ’-shaped hydrophobic channels | Single crystals of the polymeric title complex tetraaquadinicotinatostrontium (SPYC) were successfully grown by a simple and efficient method—the gel encapsulation technique. Sodium metasilicate was used as the gel medium for this purpose. The crystal structure of the complex indicates that it belongs to triclinic system with space group \(P\overline{1}\). The packing diagram of the complex shows uniformly arranged ‘χ’-shaped hydrophobic channels. The thermal decomposition of the crystals have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis at four different heating rates and kinetic parameters including apparent activation energy (Ea), and pre-exponential factor (log A) were calculated by Kissinger, Ozawa and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. Analytical techniques including FT-IR, CHN, powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction were also carried out to characterize the grown crystals. The solid-state luminescent properties of free ligand and complex were also investigated at room temperature. | The present invention relates to a method for producing a superhydrophobic nanoparticle, which secures eco-friendliness and increases economic feasibility and efficiency in a mass-production system, by simplifying a multi-stage production process into a single process in a simple way. The present invention further relates to a method for producing a transparent superhydrophobic surface and a method for producing a transparent superhydrophilic surface. To this end, the method for producing the superhydrophobic nanoparticle includes a step of combusting a liquid silicone resin by heating the same for less than 100 seconds at a temperature above an ignition point. | eng_Latn | 17,664 |
Synthetic Agents as Full-fledged Teammates: | An important goal of training systems research is the ability to train teams to criterion while simultaneously minimizing training resources. One promising approach is to develop synthetic agents that act as full-fledged members of a team. Five experts will highlight successes, failures, and continuing challenges associated with the development, validation, and deployment of synthetic agents as full-fledged teammates. The panel will provide an intimate look “under the hood” of synthetic agents, describe what each has found useful for developing a synthetic teammate that “plays well with others,” and discuss the key roadblocks that must be overcome for the further inclusion of synthetic teammates within human training systems. The lessons learned from these panelists will be of value to those interested in cognitive engineering and human performance modeling. | Abstract Design and synthesis of some TSA inhibitors on novel molecular frameworks is described. This TSA analog design culminates in the preparation of the phosphonate 18 . | eng_Latn | 17,665 |
A New Synthesis of Diaryl Carbodiimides1 | Abstract Carbodiimides are of considerable importance in synthesis both in the preparation of a variety of urea derivatives and heterocycles, and also as dehydrating agents to cause acylation, particularly in peptide synthesis.2 Previous preparations3 of carbodiimides include the elimination of hydrogen sulphide from thioureas, dehydration of ureas, pyrolysis of S-alkylisothioureas, and the catalytic conversion of isocyanates. The thermolysis of tetrazoles,4 oxathiadiazoles,5 and oxathiadiazole S-oxides6 also yields carbodiimides. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | yue_Hant | 17,666 |
Application of Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Solvent of Electrolyte Solution in Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries | Dimethyl sulfoxide( DMSO) was used as the solvent of electrolyte in the rechargeable lithium metal batteries. The lithium deposition morphology and cycling efficiency in DMSO,propylene carbonate( PC) and1,3-dioxolane( DOL) with lithium hexafluorophosphate( LiPF6) as the solute and in DMSO with lithium hexafluorophosphate( LiPF6),lithium tetrafluoroborate( LiBF4),lithium perchlorate( LiClO4) or lithium bis( trifluoromethane sulfonimide)( LiTFSI) ]as the solute respectively were investigated and compared. The resuts show that Li surface deposited in the DMSO solution was smooth and uniform and the lithium cycling efficiency in the DMSO solvent was higher than that in PC solvent in the first ten cyclings. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,667 |
Modeling optical amplification in Er3+-doped LiNbO3 waveguides | Based on the small gain approximation in the unsaturated regime in this paper we present the derivation and the evaluation of the spectral optical gain, spectral noise figure and spectral quality factor on single and double pass configuration Er3+-doped LiNbO3 waveguide amplifier pumped near 1484 nm. The simulations show the evolution of the above mentioned parameters under various pumping regimes. In the present work we demonstrated that high gains and low noise figures are achievable in high pump regimes and double pass configuration. The obtained results can be used to theoretically model the optical amplification around 1500 nm in Er3+-doped LiNbO3 waveguides are function of various parameters. | In this paper, we demonstrated that Au nanorods coated with a shell composed of Pt nanodots (Au@Pt nanostructures) exhibited intrinsic oxidase-like, peroxidase-like and catalase-like activity, catalyzing oxygen and hydrogen peroxide reduction and the dismutation decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to produce oxygen. Based on these findings, we established an Au@Pt nanostructures based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of mouse interleukin 2 (IL-2). In comparison with natural enzymes, Au@Pt nanostructures have advantages of low cost, easy preparation, better stability, and tunable catalytic activity (compared with HRP), which make them a promising enzyme mimetic candidate and may find potential applications in biocatalysis, bioassays, and nano-biomedicine such as reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related fields (anti-aging and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases and cancers). | eng_Latn | 17,668 |
Characterization of poly-Si thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering onto Ni prelayers | A method of producing a polycrystalline silicon thin film on a foreign substrate without subsequent annealing has been developed. Thermally evaporated 5–100 nm thick Ni films served as prelayers for magnetron sputtered Si thin films. A continuous film was obtained as a result of metal induced growth of polysilicon during low temperature (below 600 °C) deposition. The film uniformity is promising for large area device applications. The influence of the Ni prelayer thickness on the grain size of thus obtained films was investigated. Atomic force microscopy and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy studies revealed features in the 150–600 nm size range while x-ray diffraction and Raman spectra analysis predicted 50–100 nm diam randomly oriented grains and a complete absence of an amorphous phase. The carrier lifetime was evaluated to be 11 μs. | Potentially, cellular iron regulates functional plasticity in macrophages yet; interaction of functionally polarized macrophages with iron-oxide nanoparticles has never been studied. We found that monocyte differentiation alters cellular ferritin and cathepsin L levels and induces functional polarization in macrophages. Iron in super paramagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticle (SPION) induces a phenotypic shift in THP1 derived M2 macrophages towards a high CD86+ and high TNF α+ macrophage subtype. This phenotypic shift was accompanied by up-regulated intracellular levels of ferritin and cathepsin L in M2 macrophages, which is a characteristic hallmark of M1 macrophages. Atherogenic oxysterols reduce phagocytic activity in macrophage subtypes, and thus these cells may escape detection by iron-oxide nanoparticles (INPs) in-vivo. | eng_Latn | 17,669 |
The source and lateral transport of growth inhibitors in geotropically stimulated roots of Zea mays and Pisum sativum | The positive geotropic responses of the primary roots of Zea mays and Pisum sativum seedlings depend upon at least one growth inhibiting factor which arises in the root cap and which moves basipetally through the apex into the extending zone. The root apex (as distinct from the cap) and the regions more basal to the extending zone are not sources of growth regulators directly involved in the geotropic response. A difference in the concentration or effectiveness of the inhibitory factor(s) arising in the cap must be established between the upper and lower halves of a horizontal root. Positive geotropic curvature in a horizontal root is attributable, at least in part, to a downward lateral transport of inhibitor(s) from the upper to the lower half of the organ. | A cost analysis of enzymatic biodiesel production in small-scaled packed-bed reactors using refined sunflower oil is performed in this work. A few enzymatic micro-flow reactors have so far reached a performance close to gram-scale, which might be sufficient for the pharmaceutical industry. This study, motivated by the availability of new immobilization materials and techniques, wants to go one step further and explore the application of enzymatic micro-flow reactors to the biofuel market, which is much larger in volume. However, there are certain hurdles which need to be overcome to ensure commercialization of this process; this requires a simultaneous multi-innovation approach, which has been reviewed in the introduction. A detailed analysis of the two main hurdles – lipase production & immobilization, and severe mass transfer limitations – along with the state-of-the-art, and forecasted innovations, has also been provided. | eng_Latn | 17,670 |
Interfacial Assembly of Tunable Anisotropic Nanoparticle Architectures | We propose a strategy for assembling spherical nanoparticles (NPs) into anisotropic architectures in a polymer matrix. The approach takes advantage of the interfacial tension between two mutually immiscible polymers forming a bilayer and differences in the compatibility of the two polymer layers with polymer grafts on particles to trap NPs within two-dimensional planes parallel to the interface. The ability to precisely tune the location of the entrapment planes via the NP grafting density, and to trap multiple interacting particles within distinct planes, can then be used to assemble NPs into unconventional arrangements near the interface. We carry out molecular dynamics simulations of polymer-grafted NPs in a polymer bilayer to demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach in both trapping NPs at tunable distances from the interface and assembling them into a variety of unusual nanostructures. We illustrate the assembly of NP clusters, such as dimers with tunable tilt relative to the interface and ... | 1. Autonomous modularity: syntax and semantics 2. The interface 3. Role structure 4. The linear order component 5. Morphology and morphophonology 6. Gaps and other defective elements 7. Conflict resolution 8. Tough 'movement': a tough construction. | eng_Latn | 17,671 |
Synthesis and Ethylene Polymerization Activity of a Series of 2-Anilinotropone-Based Neutral Nickel(II) Catalysts | A method for the synthesis of bulky 2-anilinotropones has been developed, utilizing palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling techniques. Deprotonation of these anilinotropones followed by reaction with (PPh3)2Ni(Ph)Cl produces ethylene polymerization catalysts of the general formula [[(2-R-6-R‘C6H3)NC7H5O]Ni(Ph)(PPh3)] (3a−j: R, R‘ = Me, Me (a), iPr, iPr (b), tBu, H (c), tBu, Me (d), Ph, Ph (e), Cl, Cl (f), Br, Br (g), 2,3,4,5,6-F5 (h), Me, H (j), Me, CF3 (k)). Ethylene polymerizations with 3a−j have been explored under a variety of reaction conditions. The complex [[(2,6-iPr2C6H3)NC7H4O(7-aryl)]Ni(Ph)(PPh3)] (14: aryl = phenyl (a), 1-naphthyl (b)), possessing steric bulk at the 7-position, have been prepared and are both long-lived and active ethylene polymerization catalysts. At low temperatures 14a,b produce polyethylene with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD ca. 1.2). The polymerization results suggest that chain transfer occurs via a β-hydride elimination pathway and that catalyst decomposition ... | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,672 |
Using a Macroporous Silver Shell to Coat Sulfonic Acid Group-Functionalized Silica Spheres and Their Applications in Catalysis and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering | In this paper, novel organic sulfonic acid group-functionalized silica spheres (SiO2-SO3H) were chosen as a template for fabricating core-shell SiO2-SO3H@Ag composite spheres by the seed-mediated growth method. The SiO2-SO3H spheres could be obtained easily by oxidation of the thiol group-terminated silica spheres (SiO2-SH) with H2O2. Due to the presence of sulfonic acid groups, the [Ag(NH3)2](+) ions were captured on the surface of the silica spheres, followed by in-site reduction to silver nanoseeds for further growth of the silver shell. By this strategy, the complete silver shell could be obtained, and the surface morphologies and structures of the silver shell could be controlled by adjusting the number of sulfonic acid groups on the silica spheres. A large number of sulfonic acid groups on the SiO2-SO3H spheres favored the formation of the macroporous silver shell, which was unique and exhibited good catalytic performance and a high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement ability. | The present invention relates to a process for the production of sheet molding compounds (SMC), in which the required glass fiber webs are inline generated and an inhomogeneity of 10% or less, a basis weight of 400 g / m Furthermore, the present invention describes resin mats comprising glass fiber webs of the present invention, which represent valuable intermediate products. | eng_Latn | 17,673 |
Hybrid membrane technology: A new nanofibre media platform | The focus on impurity removal is becoming stronger as society looks at ways to implement standards that have only previously been seen in the most demanding fields. Tucker Norton, DuPont, considers whether hybrid membrane technology could be the answer. | The TRANSMEDIA LITERACY project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 645238 | eng_Latn | 17,674 |
Preparation and characterization of netilmicin sulfate liposomes | Objective: To prepare netilmicin sulfate liposomes and characterize the liposomes.Methods:Netilmicin sulfate was encapsulated into the liposomes using ultrasound-assisted multiple emulsification technique.Dialysis was used to determine the entrapment efficiency.Release percentage and distribution in kidney was studied.Results:The sizes of netilmicin sulfate liposomes were well-proportioned.The entrapment efficiency of netilmicin sulfate liposomes was in the range of 53% to 82.7%.The release percentage of the liposomes was lower than 6% when storage under 4 ℃ after 3 months.The liposomes had lower targeting efficiency in mouse kidney after iv administration as compared with netilmicin sulfate solution.Conclusion:Ultrasound-assisted multiple emulsification technique is feasible to prepare netilmicin sulfate liposomes,and dialysis is fit for determining the entrapment efficiency.Netilmicin sulfate liposomes are stable and may have the potential to reduce adverse reactions. | Highly ordered mesoporous NiFe2O4 with excellent microwave absorption properties has been synthesized by using mesoporous silica (KIT-6) as a hard template. | eng_Latn | 17,675 |
Reaction behavior of cellulose in an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride | We investigated the reaction behavior of cellulose in an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]), which can dissolve cellulose. The cellulose samples were treated with [C2mim][Cl] at 100, 120 and 140 °C. At the beginning of the treatment, the solubilized cellulose in [C2mim][Cl] is depolymerized into various low molecular weight compounds such as cellobiose, cellobiosan, glucose, levoglucosan and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. As the treatment continued, some of the low molecular weight compounds reacted with the ionic liquid to form new polymers, which were black and contained nitrogen. [C2mim][Cl] is, therefore, not only a solvent for cellulose, but also a reagent for both depolymerization to produce various low molecular weight compounds, and subsequent polymerization of those compounds. | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,676 |
Selective removal of silver(I) using polymer inclusion membranes containing calixpyrroles | This paper discusses the results of studies on the transport of Ag(I) across polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), derivatives of calixpyrroles with methyl (KP1) and carboxyl (KP2) groups, as ion carriers, o-nitrophenyl pentyl ether (o-NPPE) as a plasticizer and cellulose triacetate (CTA) as support. The influence of the pH of the source phase, metal concentration, stripping phase as well as carrier and plasticizer concentration on the efficiency of Ag(I) transport through PIM is presented. Long-term experiments with a supported liquid membrane and a plasticizer membrane demonstrate the durability of the studied PIMs. The obtained results indicate that the competitive transport of Cu(II), Zn(II), Ag(I) and Cd(II) from the aqueous nitrate source phase through KP1 and KP2 is an effective separation method for Ag(I) ions. The prepared PIMs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. | Aryl groups bound to the meso positions of porphyrins often react with neighboring groups, in particular s-acyl groups to give highly diversified monomeric and dimeric new functionalized porphyrins. The products, whose meso-aryl ring approaches coplanarity with the porphyrin macrocycle, show large shifts of UV-visible absorption bands and various potentialities for building external chelating moieties and assembling oligoporphyrins. | eng_Latn | 17,677 |
Immobilizing catalysts on porous materials | The discovery of ordered mesoporous materials (OMMs) synthesized in the presence of surfactant templates was a significant breakthrough in the field of porous materials. OMMs offer unprecedented potential for the immobilization of catalysts because of their large pore spaces, ordered pore sizes, and relatively homogeneous pore surfaces. This article briefly summarizes recent advances in the immobilization of homogeneous and enzyme catalysts on OMMs. | The invention provides an article for oxygen absorption comprising a container containing a water-soluble ion source, an water activated oxygen scavenger, and a rupturable canister of hydrated polymer. The invention provides in another embodiment a method for providing timed or controlled oxygen absorption comprising providing an article for oxygen absorption comprising a container containing a water-soluble ion source, an water activated oxygen scavenger, and a rupturable canister of hydrated polymer, rupturing the canister, whereby the hydrated polymer and water-soluble ion source come in contact and release water, and the water as it is released activates the oxygen scavenger. | eng_Latn | 17,678 |
Experimental studies of weakly coupled superconductors (Review) | A review is given of the main experimental results obtained in research on weakly coupled superconductors after 1964 at the Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov (ILTPE). | A strategy for arraying small gold nanoparticles on a mesoporous support modified with single-component or mixed self-assembled monolayers is described. The use of mixed surface modifiers allows easy access to a range of surface chemistries and modalities of interaction between nanoparticles and supports. A combination of thiol groups and linear semifluorinated chains effectively stabilized the nanoparticles against aggregation, while preserving their catalytic activity. The thiol-fluorous-supported catalyst was found active in Ullmann-type homocoupling of aryl halides and showed exceptional selectivity in this reaction. | eng_Latn | 17,679 |
Analysis of Cracking on a 20Mn5V Steel Casting Cast with Furan Resin Sand | The cracking of a 20Mn5V steel casting was analyzed. Composition analysis was conducted at the cracking location with electronic probe. It was found that S and Mn are the main elements causing hot cracking of this type castings, and the prevention measures were proposed. | Single-cell encapsulation promises the cytoprotection of the encased cells against lethal stressors, reminiscent of the sporulation process in nature. However, the development of a cytocompatible method for chemically mimicking the germination process (i.e., shell degradation on-demand) has been elusive, despite the shell degradation being pivotal for the practical use of functional cells as well as for single cell-based biology. We report that an artificial shell, composed of tannic acid (TA) and FeIII, on individual Saccharomyces cerevisiae controllably degrades on-demand, while protecting the yeast from multiple external aggressors, including UV-C irradiation, lytic enzymes, and silver nanoparticles. Cell division is suppressed by the TA–FeIII shell, but restored fully upon shell degradation. The formation of a TA–FeIII shell would provide a versatile tool for achieving the chemical version of “sporulation and germination”. | eng_Latn | 17,680 |
Ti-Mg Alloy Powder Synthesis via Mechanochemical Reduction of TiO2 by Elemental Magnesium | This paper reports the preliminary results of an investigation on the synthesis of a Ti-Mg alloy powder through mechanochemical processing of TiO2 and Mg powders. TiO2 was mixed with elemental Mg according to a nominal stoichiometric composition with 15% excess Mg. The powder mixture was mechanically milled in a Simoloyer high energy ball mill for 5 different durations. Contamination was minimised by processing under a high purity argon atmosphere. Changes in phase composition were studied by XRD techniques. TiO2 was reduced, as shown by the formation of MgO. The extent of the reduction, as indicated by XRD peaks’ intensities, increased with milling time. XRD spectra of powders milled for 24 hours revealed virtual disappearance of TiO2 peaks and there was no evidence of elemental Ti. The lattice parameter of the resulting Ti metal was larger than that of elemental Ti. This implies that the Ti was alloyed with free Mg to produce Ti-Mg alloy powder. The lattice parameter increased with increasing milling time. | Single-cell encapsulation promises the cytoprotection of the encased cells against lethal stressors, reminiscent of the sporulation process in nature. However, the development of a cytocompatible method for chemically mimicking the germination process (i.e., shell degradation on-demand) has been elusive, despite the shell degradation being pivotal for the practical use of functional cells as well as for single cell-based biology. We report that an artificial shell, composed of tannic acid (TA) and FeIII, on individual Saccharomyces cerevisiae controllably degrades on-demand, while protecting the yeast from multiple external aggressors, including UV-C irradiation, lytic enzymes, and silver nanoparticles. Cell division is suppressed by the TA–FeIII shell, but restored fully upon shell degradation. The formation of a TA–FeIII shell would provide a versatile tool for achieving the chemical version of “sporulation and germination”. | eng_Latn | 17,681 |
Innovative non-aqueous phases and partitioning bioreactor configurations | Abstract Several new configurations of Two Phase Partitioning Bioreactors (TPPBs) are presently investigated to improve the manufacture of added value products or the treatment of toxic xenobiotics. As the first determining step in TPPBs systems consists in the selection of the non-aqueous phase (NAP), several neoteric NAPs are currently evaluated (ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids). Additionally, non-aqueous biphasic systems have been recently implemented. Regarding novel configurations, retentive and extractive membrane and enzymatic bioreactors have proven particularly suitable, extending TPPBs domain of application. Finally, innovative mixed systems combining biodegradation with other concurrent or sequential operations (sonication, UV oxidation, CO2 injection, absorption or adsorption) can achieve a more integral process or intensify performance. This chapter illustrates future potential trends in TPPBs applications, presenting non-exhaustive original studies. | Abstract A simple method to engineer qutrit state with biphotons is realized. The method is based on Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer and it is insensitive to disturbance comparing to Mach–Zehnder interferometer in principle. Moreover, a tomography procedure is employed to reconstruct the output states. | eng_Latn | 17,682 |
Wood-based Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries | Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have become very important recently as power sources for portable electronics and electric vehicles. Today non-renewable petroleum-based polymers are used as binders in ... | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,683 |
Drug delivery device having a drug permeability components, and methods | Drug delivery device implantable in the drug contained in the housing and drug reservoir lumen having a drug reservoir lumen, which is closed surrounded by the first wall structure and a hydrophilic second wall structure wherein, here, the first wall structure is impervious to the drug, and the second wall structure is permeable to the drug. Method of providing drug in controlled release to the patient may place the drug delivery device to the patient, to release the drug from the drug reservoir lumen via diffusion through the second wall structure including. .FIELD 8A | Abstract Literature sources on metal-organic materials encapsulating versatile porphyrinoids and heme enzymes have been discussed in this review. General fundamentals and structural and chemical requisites of these architectures are discussed in introduction followed by historical perspectives of the initial composites. We have categorized the structural aspects of this class of compounds according to the host and guest skeletons as well as encapsulating strategies in a sequential manner. Heme mimetic, as well as some novel applications of the materials including oxidation, electron transfer, carbene transfer and bio-molecule sensing, are then discussed and compared with each other and their homogeneous analogues based on mechanistic similarities, wherever possible. | eng_Latn | 17,684 |
Catalyst material and method for producing same | The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a catalyst material which is loaded with fine gold particles and has excellent catalytic activity; and a method for producing this catalyst material. A catalyst material according to the present invention is characterized by being obtained by loading carbon nanofibers having an average diameter (Av) of 5 nm or less with fine gold particles. A method for producing a catalyst material according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a step wherein carbon nanofibers having an average diameter (Av) of 5 nm or less are dispersed in a solvent by a dispersing process, by which a cavitation effect or crushing effect can be achieved, in the presence of an ionic surfactant and a polymer surfactant. | The catalyzed oxidative annulation of electron-deficient acrylamides with strained benzyne precursors under mild conditions is presented. | eng_Latn | 17,685 |
Process considerations of continuous fat modification with an immobilized lipase | Lipases will catalyze the incorporation of new fatty acids into the triglyceride component of a fat (acidolysis) or can rearrange/redistribute the existing fatty acid radicals in the fat’s triglycerides (transesterification). Both processes can dramatically change the physical characteristics of the fat. Immobilization of the lipase allows for the use of the catalyst in a continuous column operation. Examples illustrating the commercial utility of such immobilized enzymes are presented. Process configurations, scale-up issues and catalyst lifetime/productivity are discussed. | We present a new 2-D convolution IP core for real-time image processing taking advantage of the feature of convolution.Thanks to FPGA′s parallel structure and rich memory resource this design does well in modularity and expandability and the convolution′s window size and cofficients can be changed flexibly.Beside satisfying practical applications the new IP tries it′s best to save hardware.It makes convolution more flexible and convenient. | eng_Latn | 17,686 |
Novel lactobacillus and novel lactobacillus-containing medicine, food, beverage and feed | A Lactobacillus paracasei MCC 1849 (NITE BP-01633) strain having high IL-12-production-promoting effects is used as a component of a medicine, food, beverage, or feed to be used for promoting IL-12 production, immunostimulation, antiviral purposes, etc. | Objective: To prepare netilmicin sulfate liposomes and characterize the liposomes.Methods:Netilmicin sulfate was encapsulated into the liposomes using ultrasound-assisted multiple emulsification technique.Dialysis was used to determine the entrapment efficiency.Release percentage and distribution in kidney was studied.Results:The sizes of netilmicin sulfate liposomes were well-proportioned.The entrapment efficiency of netilmicin sulfate liposomes was in the range of 53% to 82.7%.The release percentage of the liposomes was lower than 6% when storage under 4 ℃ after 3 months.The liposomes had lower targeting efficiency in mouse kidney after iv administration as compared with netilmicin sulfate solution.Conclusion:Ultrasound-assisted multiple emulsification technique is feasible to prepare netilmicin sulfate liposomes,and dialysis is fit for determining the entrapment efficiency.Netilmicin sulfate liposomes are stable and may have the potential to reduce adverse reactions. | eng_Latn | 17,687 |
Preparation of CDK/Cyclin Inhibitor Complexes for Structural Determination. | The abundance of biochemical and structural knowledge on the Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) has provided a comprehensive but not exhaustive insight into the molecular determinants that govern their function mechanisms. The implementation of structural and functional CDK models towards developing novel anticancer strategies that will specifically target individual or multiple CDKs remains a critical need.More than 250 CDKs crystal structures are available to-date, including truncated or whole, modified or not, active or inactive forms, co-crystallized with the cyclins and/or their respective putative inhibitors, though, to our knowledge, there is no NMR solved structure available to date. We hitherto attempt to provide a useful guide from protein production to crystallization for CDK/Inhibitors complexes based on an overview of the already elucidated CDK structures, constructs and the preferable expression vectors in each case, in order to yield the respective crystals. | Iterative dynamic programming is used to compute optimal monomer and CTA feed profiles to produce polymer with pre-specified copolymer composition and MWD. This approach can deal with constrained optimizations of systems described by complex mathematical models, as those needed for the emulsion copolymerization kinetics, especially when the computation of the whole MWD is included. The proposed approach is applied to the semicontinuous MMA/BuA emulsion copolymerization, using dodecanethiol as CTA, allowing the effective computation of feed policies for the production of constant composition copolymer with well-defined MWDs. | eng_Latn | 17,688 |
Mechanisms of PECAM-1-mediated cytoprotection and implications for cancer cell survival | Defects in apoptotic pathways can promote cancer development and cause cancers to become resistant to chemotherapy. The cell adhesion and signaling molecule PECAM-1 has been shown to potently suppress apoptosis in a variety of cellular systems. PECAM-1 expression has been reported on a variety of human malignancies—especially hematopoietic and vascular cell cancers—but the significance of this expression has not been fully explored. The ability of PECAM-1 to inhibit apoptosis makes it an attractive candidate as a molecule that may promote cancer development and/or confer resistance to chemotherapeutic treatment. The exact mechanisms by which PECAM-1 mediates its cytoprotection have not been fully defined, but its anti-apoptotic effects have been shown to require both homophilic binding and intracellular signaling via its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains. In this review, we will discuss the data regarding PECAM-1's anti-apoptotic effects and ways in which this cytoprotection ma... | The present invention is a porous polymer membrane to form a, more specifically, by containing a specific amount of alumina by the phase transfer process, the surface of high porosity and polarity relates to a dissolved oxygen removal catalyst impregnated chakhyeong porous polymer membrane and a method for, palladium, and a transition metal selected from the platinum amount to the impregnated porous membrane, compared to a conventional low loss of the transition metal, and through the membrane pores facilitate the supply of hydrogen gas, enabling the reliability obtained in the process secondary sobbing substance is not generated semiconductor, power plants, culture of microorganisms, the present invention relates to a food and drug manufacturing and fermentation wide range of dissolved oxygen removal catalyst impregnated chakhyeong porous polymer membrane and a method for possible application in such industries. Alumina, porous polymer membranes, palladium, platinum, impregnated chakhyeong | eng_Latn | 17,689 |
Highly-uniform nano-structured building blocks of metal-(O, C, N, S) and their complex compounds | Abstract Nanomaterials with an extreme degree of uniformity have been developed by using a LASER-driven nonequilibrium process. Uniformity and complexity are critical for fabrication of submicron-scale device structures in electronics and photonics. This paper describes a synthesis process, and synthesized nanoparticulate materials and their superior nature as building blocks. Formation of slurries and coated films is also presented. | Abstract A novel protecting group for the 2′-hydroxyl of ribonucleosides, p -nitrobenzyloxymethyl, is used in the rapid solid phase synthesis of the oligonucleotide U(U) 11 U; it can be readily removed from the oligomer product by treatment with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. | eng_Latn | 17,690 |
STM observations of a self-assembled structure of stearic acid Langmuir-Blodgett films with molecular resolution | Abstract Silver ions confined in the silver stearate Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of 8–14 layers were electrochemically reduced, which enabled the observation of well-ordered scanning tunneling microscopy images of the films with molecular resolution. A hexagonal packing of the hydrophobic chains was obtained, which was superimposed on the two-dimensional Ag clusters of 2–3 nm diameter. Furthermore, a (2× 1) structure of the hexagonal packing was observed. It was attributed to a self-assembled structure of the hydrophilic surface of the LB films through hydrogen bonding. | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | eng_Latn | 17,691 |
A kinetic study of the reactions of (+)-catechin with aldehydes derived from toasted oak | The reactions between (+)-catechin and representative oak wood furanic (furfuraldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde and 5-methylfurfuraldehyde) and phenolic (vanillin and syringaldehyde) aldehydes in a wine-like model solution were studied and the corresponding condensation kinetics at pH 3.0 and 3.5 were compared. A comparative study on the reactivity of these two representative families of aldehydes towards (+)-catechin showed a large difference between them. When incubated separately with (+)-catechin at both pH values, the reactions were faster with furanic aldehydes than with phenolic aldehydes. In mixtures containing (+)-catechin and individual aldehydes, new compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/UV–visible detection, some of which were characterised by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). The increase in solution absorbance with time was closely linked to these new products. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry | We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a n... | eng_Latn | 17,692 |
Enantioselective ring-opening of meso-epoxides by aromatic amines catalyzed by a homochiral metal–organic framework | The enantioselective ring-opening of meso-epoxides by aromatic amines was achieved by using a new chiral metal–organic framework UTSA-32a. The corresponding α-hydroxyamines were obtained with good yields and ee values (up to 89% ee). | In this paper, we report a new strategy for the fabrication of gold nanoring arrays via colloidal lithography and polymer-assisted self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). First, multi-segmented polymer nanorod arrays were fabricated via colloidal lithography. They were then used as templates for Au NP adsorption, which resulted in nanoparticles on the poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) segments. Continuous gold nanorings were formed after electroless deposition of gold. The diameter, quantity, and spacing of the gold nanorings could be tuned. Three dimensional coaxial gold nanorings with varying diameters could be fabricated on a polymer nanorod by modifying the etch parameters. The nanorings exhibited optical plasmonic resonances at theoretically predicted wavelengths. In addition, the polymer-assisted gold nanorings were released from the substrate to generate a high yield of free-standing nanorings. This simple, versatile method was also used to prepare nanorings from other metals such as palladium. | eng_Latn | 17,693 |
Microwave-Assisted Grafting to MCM-41 Silica and its Application as Catalyst in Flow Chemistry | Finding environmentally gentle methods to graft Lewis acid on the surface of mesoporous materials is a topic of current interest. Herein we describe the optimization of a preparation procedure of a mesoporous silica-supported ErIII catalyst using the microwave-assisted post-calcination functionalization of Mobil Composition of Matter-41 silica as the key step. The required time for functionalization was reduced from several hours to 10 min using sealed-vessel microwave technology. Control experiments using conventional heating at the same temperature demonstrated that the rate increase is owing to a simple thermal/kinetic effect as a result of the higher reaction temperature. The resulting ErIII catalyst was tested for the first time as a catalyst in the continuous flow deprotection of benzaldehyde dimethylacetal and a complete leaching study was performed. | Aim: Myocardial infarction is caused after impairment of heart wall muscle following an immense cell loss and also when the myocardial tissue is lacking the inherent capacity to regenerate for normal functioning of myocardium. An immediate challenge in cardiac regeneration is to devise a strategy that leads to a reproducible degree of cardiac differentiation. We have speculated that ex vivo pretreatment of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) using 5-azacytidine and a suitable patterned nanofibrous construct could lead to cardiomyogenic differentiation and results in superior biological and functional effects on cardiac regeneration of infarcted myocardium. Materials & methods: Polyglycerol sebacate/gelatin fibers were fabricated by core/shell electrospinning with polyglycerol sebacate as the core material and gelatin as the shell material. Patterning of the core/shell fibers to form orthogonal and looped buckled nanostructures was achieved. Results: Results demonstrated that the buckled fibers showing an o... | eng_Latn | 17,694 |
Static DNA Nanostructures For Cancer Theranostics: Recent Progress In Design And Applications | Among the various nano/biomaterials used in cancer treatment, the beauty and benefits of DNA nanocomposites are outstanding. The specificity and programmability of the base pairing of DNA strands, together with their ability to conjugate with different types of functionalities have realized unsurpassed potential for the production of two- and three-dimensional nano-sized structures in any shape, size, surface chemistry and functionality. This review aims to provide an insight into the diversity of static DNA nanodevices, including DNA origami, DNA polyhedra, DNA origami arrays and bioreactors, DNA nanoswitch, DNA nanoflower, hydrogel and dendrimer as young but promising platforms for cancer theranostics. The utility and potential of the individual formats in biomedical science and especially in cancer therapy will be discussed. | We describe a novel method for transcript profiling based on high-throughput parallel sequencing of signature tags using a non-gel-based microtiter plate format. The method relies on the identific ... | eng_Latn | 17,695 |
Therapeutic promises of leukocyte elastase and macrophage metalloelastase inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary emphysema | The fibrous protein elastin, which comprises an appreciable percentage of all protein content in some tissues, such as arteries, some ligaments, and the lungs, can be hydrolysed or otherwise destroyed by a select group of enzymes classified as elastases. To date four elastases are known, three of which are human: human leukocyte elastase (HLE), pancreatic elastase II (PE-II) and macrophage metalloelastase (MME, MMP-12). Human leukocyte and pancreatic elastases are both serine proteinases (i.e., having a catalytic triad corresponding to Ser195, Asp102 and His57 of chymotrypsin). However, macrophage metalloelastase is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family (MMPs, matrixins), which contain a zinc atom at the catalytic site. Imbalances in the levels or regulation of tissue or cellular proteases are thought to manifest themselves in various disease states. In order to prevent self-inflicted tissue damage due to over expression of enzymes, numerous endogenous inhibitors directed against proteolytic enz... | Abstract The present paper has clarified a possibility to apply a Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) to generate a geometrically flat and crystallography aligned surface. The method is often used to prepare new semi-conductive materials, however, the mechanism how a geometric surface for mechanical use is built up by a deposition of molecules is not known. Taking a homo-epitaxial case as an example, silicon molecular beam was deposited onto a single crystallized silicon substrate, and that process was investigated by the help of RHEED, vacuum gauge, etc. A newly obtained surface had a roughness in the order of 2nm and a better crystalline than that of substrates. | eng_Latn | 17,696 |
Polyelectrolyte membrane cracking rubber demulcent | The present invention relates to a polyelectrolyte membrane cracking rubber moderator. A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell comprising an anode catalyst layer and cathode catalyst layer and the ion-conducting membrane. The ion conductive membrane disposed between the anode catalyst layer and cathode catalyst layer. Is the ion-conducting membrane comprising an ion having a sulfonic acid group and a conductive polymer rubber particles. Characterized in that the rubber particles have an average of less than about 600 nanometers spatial dimension. Also it provides a fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly. | The trianion of C60 reacts readily with the ::: commonly used electrochemical solvent dichloromethane to form ::: methanofullerenes of the type ::: C60>(CH2)n, signaling a ::: cautionary warning against the use of this solvent for electrochemical ::: studies of fullerenes and opening up a new synthetic avenue for these ::: adducts. | eng_Latn | 17,697 |
Molecular Imaging of Biological Samples on Nanophotonic Laser Desorption Ionization Platforms | Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a comprehensive tool for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules. The mainstream method for molecular MSI is matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, however, the presence of a matrix results in spectral interferences and the suppression of some analyte ions. Herein we demonstrate a new matrix-free MSI technique using nanophotonic ionization based on laser desorption ionization (LDI) from a highly uniform silicon nanopost array (NAPA). In mouse brain and kidney tissue sections, the distributions of over 80 putatively annotated molecular species are determined with 40 μm spatial resolution. Furthermore, NAPA-LDI-MS is used to selectively analyze metabolites and lipids from sparsely distributed algal cells and the lamellipodia of human hepatocytes. Our results open the door for matrix-free MSI of tissue sections and small cell populations by nanophotonic ionization. | The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a microlens array (1) comprising at least one light-transmitting body (10) with a planar extension, wherein the base body (10) has on at least one base area, a microlens structure (11). According to the invention the at least one base body (10) is made with an injection molding tool in an injection molding process, so that the micro lens structure (11) is molded from a negative structure in the injection mold. Furthermore, the invention relates to a product manufactured with this method, the microlens array (1). | eng_Latn | 17,698 |
Light powered molecular machines. | The bottom-up construction and operation of mechanical machines of molecular size is a topic of high interest for nanoscience, and a fascinating challenge of nanotechnology. Like their macroscopic counterparts, nanoscale machines need energy to operate. Although most molecular motors of the biological world are fueled by chemical reactions, light is a very good choice to power artificial molecular machines because it can also be used to monitor the state of the machine, and makes it possible to obtain systems that show autonomous operation and do not generate waste products. By adopting an incrementally staged design strategy, photoinduced processes can be engineered within multicomponent (supramolecular) species with the purpose of obtaining light-powered molecular machines. Such an approach is illustrated in this tutorial review by describing some examples based on rotaxanes investigated in our laboratories. | According to the requirements of Water Ministry, the application of modern scientific and technological management method will be the developmental direction in the construction of small hydropower stations in our province. Through proper policy, funding and technology, automation at small-size hydropower stations will be promoted, and the management of hydropower stations in the countryside will proceed to a new level. | eng_Latn | 17,699 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.