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Encapsidated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization in Qβ Virus-like Nanoparticles | Virus-like particles (VLPs) are unique macromolecular structures that hold great promise in biomedical and biomaterial applications. The interior of the 30 nm-diameter Qβ VLP was functionalized by a three-step process: (1) hydrolytic removal of endogenously packaged RNA, (2) covalent attachment of initiator molecules to unnatural amino acid residues located on the interior capsid surface, and (3) atom-transfer radical polymerization of tertiary amine-bearing methacrylate monomers. The resulting polymer-containing particles were moderately expanded in size; however, biotin-derivatized polymer strands were only very weakly accessible to avidin, suggesting that most of the polymer was confined within the protein shell. The polymer-containing particles were also found to exhibit physical and chemical properties characteristic of positively charged nanostructures, including the ability to easily enter mammalian cells and deliver functional small interfering RNA. | We study in this paper the properties of a two-body random matrix ensemble for distinguishable spins. We require the ensemble to be invariant under the group of local transformations and analyze a parametrization in terms of the group parameters and the remaining parameters associated with the 'entangling' part of the interaction. We then specialize to a spin chain with nearest-neighbour interactions and numerically find a new type of quantum-phase transition related to the strength of a random external field, i.e. the time-reversal-breaking one-body interaction term. | eng_Latn | 19,500 |
Stability of rabbit globin and its messenger rna in the mouse ovum. | Abstract Fertilized one-cell mouse ova were injected with rabbit globin messenger RNA, (mRNA) containing approximately equal quantities of α- and β-message. The half-lives of α- and β-globin were 8.2 and 7.0 h respectively. The half-lives of α- and β-globin messages were 8.8 and 9.5 h respectively. Approx. four times as much α- as β-globin was present in the ova following the injections. | Nuclear organization can impact on all aspects of the genome life cycle. This organization is thoroughly investigated by advanced imaging and chromosome conformation capture techniques, providing considerable amount of datasets describing the spatial organization of chromosomes. In this review, we will focus on polymer models to describe chromosome statics and dynamics in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We suggest that the equilibrium configuration of a polymer chain tethered at both ends and placed in a confined volume is consistent with the current literature, implying that local chromatin interactions play a secondary role in yeast nuclear organization. Future challenges are to reach an integrated multi-scale description of yeast chromosome organization, which is crucially needed to improve our understanding of the regulation of genomic transaction. | eng_Latn | 19,501 |
To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level , it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure . | To understand how proteins work , it is often necessary to discover their three-dimensional structure . | Data storage equipment uses either : The following are examples of those methods : A typical way to classify data storage media is to consider its shape and type of movement ( or non-movement ) relative to the read\/write device ( s ) of the storage apparatus as listed : | eng_Latn | 19,502 |
Variational Gaussian Process Dynamical Systems | Gaussian Process Dynamical Models for Human Motion | Lysosomal Biology in Cancer. | kor_Hang | 19,503 |
DyNetVis: a system for visualization of dynamic networks | Cytoscape: A Software Environment for Integrated Models of Biomolecular Interaction Networks | Analyzing Uber's Ride-sharing Economy | eng_Latn | 19,504 |
Cytoscape Web: an interactive web-based network browser | Cytoscape: A Software Environment for Integrated Models of Biomolecular Interaction Networks | Scene Classification via Triplet Networks | eng_Latn | 19,505 |
DL-PRO: A novel deep learning method for protein model quality assessment | A point-charge force field for molecular mechanics simulations of proteins based on condensed-phase quantum mechanical calculations | neural networks and principal component analysis : learning from examples without local minima . | eng_Latn | 19,506 |
Designing resilient system-of-systems networks | Error and attack tolerance of complex networks | The New Bacterial Cell Biology: Moving Parts and Subcellular Architecture | eng_Latn | 19,507 |
Maximizing submodular set function with connectivity constraint: theory and application to networks | Algorithms for detecting significantly mutated pathways in cancer | Redox nanoparticles: synthesis, properties and perspectives of use for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases | eng_Latn | 19,508 |
Metric Learning and Manifolds Metric Learning and Manifolds : Preserving the Intrinsic Geometry | Dimensionality reduction for large-scale neural recordings | Ultrabreathable and Protective Membranes with Sub-5 nm Carbon Nanotube Pores | eng_Latn | 19,509 |
Dynamics of and on complex networks | An introduction to systems biology : design principles of biological circuits | Single Image Layer Separation via Deep Admm Unrolling | eng_Latn | 19,510 |
BioNet: an R-Package for the functional analysis of biological networks | Cytoscape: A Software Environment for Integrated Models of Biomolecular Interaction Networks | The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web | eng_Latn | 19,511 |
CORUM: the comprehensive resource of mammalian protein complexes—2009 | The FunCat, a functional annotation scheme for systematic classification of proteins from whole genomes | 2D time-frequency interference modelling using stochastic geometry for performance evaluation in Low-Power Wide-Area Networks | eng_Latn | 19,512 |
Where are the ATP synthases synthesised? The nano-machinary of energy production ATP synthase is well known to exist on mitochondrial inner membrane and chloroplasts. But how and where are they formed or synthesised ? | why do chaperones bring protein into mitochondria? why would mitochondria need protein? Sounds trivial? Please help to sort out. I saw this picture while looking at dehydration reactions and cell revision. And proceeded to the Protein Folding and Processing in the ER: Various changes occur to proteins in the ER. Chaperones and Folding: Polypeptides must assume the correct folding pattern in order to function properly. The correct folding of a protein is mediated by chaperones (they also are proteins--chaperones are abundant in the ER lumen). A completed polypeptide will assume the correct folding pattern spontaneously, however before translation is complete, it could assume an incorrect formation or it could aggregate with other partially made polypeptides. To prevent this, chaperones in the ER (and cytosol) bind to the nascent polypeptide and keep it from interacting with anything until the polypeptide is completely synthesized. (Chaperones bind to polypeptides destined for mitochondria then release them as they pass through the mitochondrial membranes. Chaperones on the inside of mitochondria bind until these polypeptides have completely entered.) With regards to protein synthesis and folding, this kind of info is not in my textbook. Not in couple of the online open textbooks either. I even search for where do protein fold? to find out if there was a relationship. It doesn't say protein fold in mitochondria and turns out it's a question most scientist are looking for answers. For whatever protein synthesis I have learnt so far, there was no mentioning of protein strands going into mitochondria but mitochondria as a power houses. What's going on here? Why would a protein go into a mitochondria? How does it exit and where to? | What are the responsibilities of each Pseudo-Terminal (PTY) component (software, master side, slave side)? I am trying to figure out how a tty works1 (the work-flow and responsibilities of each elements). I have read several interesting articles about it, but there are still some blurry areas. This is what I understand so far: The emulated terminal makes different system calls to /dev/ptmx, the master part of the pseudo-terminal. The master part of the pseudo terminal allocates a file in /dev/pts/[0-N], corresponding to the obsolete serial port, and "attaches" a slave pseudo terminal to it. The slave pseudo terminal keeps information such as session Id, foreground job, screen size. Here are my questions: Has ptmx any purpose besides allocating the slave part? Does it provide some kind of "intelligence", or the emulated terminal (xterm for instance) has all the intelligence of behaving like a terminal? Why does xterm has to interact with the master part, as it only forwards the stdout and stdin of the slave part? Why can't it directly write and read from the pts file? Is a session ID always attached to one pts file and vice versa? Could I type a ps command and found 2 sessionId for the same /dev/pts/X? What other information does the pts store? Does Xterm update all fields by himself, or does the ptm add some "intelligence" on it? 1. I base my understanding on the , and the posts, as on several other | eng_Latn | 19,513 |
gunter blobel | Günter Blobel (born May 21, 1936) is a Silesian [citation needed] German biologist and 1999 Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell. | Bloop is the name given to an ultra-low-frequency and extremely powerful underwater sound detected by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1997. The sound is consistent with the noises generated by icequakes in large icebergs, or large icebergs scraping the ocean floor. | eus_Latn | 19,514 |
How's the strain developed? I was reading about DNA supercoiling and stumbled upon the following: DNAs derived from a given cellular source have a characteristic degree of supercoiling. Thus the DNA is strained. In most instance the strain is a result of underwinding of the DNA double helix in the closed circle. Here the author was talking about closed circular DNA (ccDNA) which has 10.5 bp per turn in relaxed state. When in relaxed state the ccDNA has no supercoils. But when the two strands are overcoiled or undercoiled, strain develops and the helix coils upon itself. My question is how is this strain developed? How dose it cause tangling of the double helix/ supercoiling? P.S. I've class XII Physics background. | What is strain? Why does DNA coil upon itself? I have been reading Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry to understand DNA supercoiling (pg-). Supercoiling is the twisting of a DNA upon itself and this happens when the two helically wound strands of DNA are either underwound or overwound. The book says that this act of underwinding or overwinding generates a structural strain which is then accommodated by coiling of the DNA upon itself (supercoiling). Here the word strain has been used in the way stress of mechanical physics would be used. I wonder if it means stress. Besides I would like to know how underwinding or overwinding cause the DNA to coil upon itself. Excerpts from the book: DNA supercoiling is generally a manifestation of structural strain. Most DNA are negatively supercoiled (which means that the supercoiling is left handed). In almost every instance, the strain is a result of underwinding of DNA double helix. Supercoiling is not a random process; the path of the supercoiling is largely prescribed by the torsional strain imparted to the DNA.... Torsional strain, again is it talking about ? P.S. The description of the question has been changed recently. | What causes Nova's Triple Tap to go on a short cooldown? This isn't about the level 20 ultimate talent. There is a brief "arming phase" where Nova locks onto her target before shooting three bullets. When something happens to her target during that phase (allied Devouring Maw, Divine Shield, etc.), sometimes Triple Tap is placed on the full 100 second cooldown, other times it is placed on a much shorter 10 second cooldown. What triggers this 10 second cooldown? Is this a timing issue? I believe if she is interrupted after the shots start going out, Triple Tap is always put on the full cooldown. Maybe I'm just seeing the ability get blocked right as the first shot goes out? Is this ability-specific? Does stunning Nova have a different effect than a Devouring Maw or Void Prison on her target? And is that different from a Divine Shield/Sanctification on the target? Is this determined by whether the line to the target was interrupted by an ally or an enemy hero? For example, is there a difference between an allied Void Prison and an enemy Void Prison on the target? | eng_Latn | 19,515 |
Tuning the Molecular Weight Distribution from Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using Actor Critic Methods | Prioritized Experience Replay | Obscuration-dependent evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei | eng_Latn | 19,516 |
which correctly indicates the sequence of increasing organization? | The correct sequence of increasing biological organization is: atom, molecule, organelle, cell. Flag This Answer As Incorrect Flag Answer Incorrect. Biology - Biology 160 - Chapters 1 to 4. | 1 Structure binds members together. It gives meaning and identity to the people who join the group, as well as to the group itself. Structure in any organization is inevitable -- an organization, by definition, implies a structure. Your group is going to have some structure whether it chooses to or not. | eng_Latn | 19,517 |
The U.S. Supreme Court finds a statute's description of a simple statistical measure of relative disparity ambiguous allowing the Secretary of Education to interpret the formula: Zuni Public School District 89 v. U.S. Department of Education II | On Bootstrap Tests of Symmetry About an Unknown Median | Tuberculosis deaths are predictable and preventable: Comprehensive assessment and clinical care is the key | eng_Latn | 19,518 |
they actually mentioned a little on the fact that he's started to instigate a program where he's actually uh not necessary they say he's getting around the rules somewhat but it's actually sounds like a pretty good idea where he goes out and recruits other students who don't meet the minimum academic requirements to get into the college and and then qualify for a student athlete position and he takes them and signs some contract or something with them but sends them then then to junior college | They say he is able to bend the rules and goes out to recruit other students to try to get them accepted by the college. | He was a strict man that always followed the rules. | eng_Latn | 19,519 |
Hamon said directors of Kentucky's four Legal Aid programs still are reviewing the cuts. | Directors from four of Kentucky's Legal Aid programs are reviewing cuts. | Hamon said that no one is reviewing the cuts. | eng_Latn | 19,520 |
The ABA has conducted similar studies that support the New Jersey findings. | The New Jersey findings are similar to those of the ABA. | The ABA's findings disagree with the New Jersey findings. | eng_Latn | 19,521 |
The major participants were GSA, all brancHe's of the Department of Defense, DOS, DOE, NASA, and the Smithsonian Institution. | The GSA participated. | The GSA refused to participate. | eng_Latn | 19,522 |
Many of Knight's fellow minority law students also were interested in public service, she said. | She said that many of Knight's fellow minority law students were also interested in public service. | None of Knight's fellow minority students expressed their interest in public service. | eng_Latn | 19,523 |
you know down in North Carolina there was a big controversy for a while because the uh the local chapter of the KKK wanted to uh | There was a problem in North Carolina with the local KKK chapter. | The local KKK chapter in North Carolina never had any problems within the community. | eng_Latn | 19,524 |
Combined with a new, heartfelt attack on civil-rights laws (Murray says bad, prejudicial discrimination is inseparable from good, economically sensible discrimination), this passage leaves one with the sense that in declaring himself a libertarian, Murray has not yet removed the final veil. | Murray says that bad, prejudical discrimination is inseparable from good, economically sensible discrimination. | This passage leaves one with the sense that in declaring himslelf a conservatist, Murray has removed the final veil. | eng_Latn | 19,525 |
Samples, a 2001 graduate of Lewis & Clark Law School, spent the summer traveling to dozens of labor camps throughout the Willamette Valley to talk with workers about their legal rights. | Samples talked to workers about their legal rights. | Samples spent the summer talking to people via the internet. | eng_Latn | 19,526 |
Professor Cleveland's distinguished career includes experience working with refugee issues, human rights, and legal services. | Cleveland was a professor, who worked on refugee issues. | Cleveland has done no work in legal services. | eng_Latn | 19,527 |
In May, after receiving negative coverage from the local press, the university scrapped its search without making a hire, announcing that none of the finalists met current institutional needs. | The university decided not to hire a finalist. | The university hired someone immediately. | eng_Latn | 19,528 |
Mount Marty administrators allegedly violated the due-process rights and academic freedom of an English professor, who had been trying to revive a local chapter of the AAUP, when they fired him a few months ago. | It was alleged that the English Professors due-process rights were violated. | The English professor was actually fired a few hours ago. | eng_Latn | 19,529 |
The Tea Party Movement (TPM) emerged shortly after the 2008 election, with members rallying behind the call to “take back our country.” Many observers suggest that the movement represents, in part, a racialized backlash against the election of Barack Obama, the nation’s first black president, motivated by perceived threats to the racial hierarchy. Racial threat theory predicts that if the TPM is motivated by and reinforces racial concerns, racialized support for punitive crime policies that disproportionately impact blacks should be higher among Tea Partiers. Drawing on recent national survey data, this study tests this prediction. The results show that TPM membership is positively associated with punitiveness and that this relationship is mediated, in part, by Tea Partiers’ animus toward blacks. We discuss the import of these findings for competing accounts of the TPM, racial threat theory, and the argument that the United States has become a “post-racial society.” | A shift in public mood and declining incarceration rates in the United States signal a potential change in the politics of punishment. This research considers whether the public continues to support mandatory sentencing. The study expands upon existing knowledge by testing theoretical predictions about how instrumentalism, political beliefs, and political participation affect public support for mandatory sentences. Drawing on a state-wide survey of 1569 adults from Oregon, the study found that belief in the effectiveness of prosecutors, judges, and prisons significantly influenced support for mandatory sentencing. Although 67% of those surveyed favored judicial discretion, a firm belief that “prisons work” may limit efforts to reduce incarceration and roll back mandatory sentences. | ABSTRACTUNC-45A is an ubiquitously expressed protein highly conserved throughout evolution. Most of what we currently know about UNC-45A pertains to its role as a regulator of the actomyosin system... | eng_Latn | 19,530 |
Fifty years after Brown vs. Board of Education de facto segregation in medical societies is alive and well. | Although 50 years have post since the historic Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court decision, segregation remains in most medical/specialty societies. | We thank Daniels and colleagues for their comments on our report ([1][1]). Given that the Cleveland Clinic is the main referral center of patients with germline PTEN mutations in the United States, it is certainly possible that ascertainment bias may exist, an issue we acknowledged in our report. | eng_Latn | 19,531 |
Proposition 227: Tales from the Schoolhouse. | Abstract This article explores the impact of Proposition 227 on students and teachers based on interviews with parents, teachers, and administrators of a school in the Bay Area. We discuss four themes that emerge from the data: parent involvement, academic impact on students, the instructional challenges posed by Proposition 227, and the emotional impact on teachers and students. Connecting these themes is an overemphasis on language of instruction, which we found to overshadow other issues critical to the education of language minority students. | The bill abolishing the federal personnel classification board passed The House, 172 to 26, but failed in the Senate, unanimous consent not being secured to enable a vote on it the clossing days of the session. | eng_Latn | 19,532 |
Epitomized by Vernon Wormer, what name is given to individuals that run universities or colleges? | College fraternities: Belching a dirge? | The Economist Belching a dirge? Tweet “WAS it over when the Germans bombed Pearl Harbour? Hell no!”, thundered John "Bluto" Blutarsky in the 1978 film "Animal House", one of the highest-grossing comedies of all time. Bluto (played by the now immortal John Belushi) was rallying the beleaguered brothers of Delta Tau Chi, victims of the censorious Dean Vernon Wormer and his campaign to obliterate the fraternity of debauched misfits. Jump forward to 2014 and Dean Wormer has real-life company. A glut of new reports about excessive underage drinking, sexual assaults and otherwise dangerous behaviour in college fraternities has put university administrators on the defensive. Across the country, and particularly at elite institutions in the north-east, many are starting to crack down on these all-male and historically quite-white societies. Amherst College in Massachusetts, which had already formally banned Greek groups three decades ago, announced in May it would suspend or expel any student joining an underground group deemed “fraternity-like [or] sorority-like”. JP Morgan Chase stopped managing an investment account of the charitable foundation run by Sigma Alpha Epsilon, or SAE (the groups are known by the Greek letters of their names). Lloyd’s of London threatened to cancel SAE’s insurance plan thanks to the threat of injuries and deaths, Bloomberg News revealed in March. All this comes as the White House presses universities to better police campus sexual assault, intensifying the scrutiny on these clubs. The possibility of legal action looms constantly over fraternity houses, which are effectively communal drinking societies for aspiring professionals. Undergraduates often compete to join the individual campus chapters of national fraternities, lured by the networking prospects, the camaraderie, the chance to live in a run-down home with their soon-to-be closest friends and the booze. Prospective members undergo up to a year of “pledging” (often inebriation-heavy hazing rituals) before becoming “fraternity men”, with all the social benefits that entails. Pledging mostly happens behind closed doors, but reports of egregious physical hazing occasionally become public : a University of Tennessee fraternity was suspended in late May after pouring hot sauce on its recruits’ genitals. In December a first-year student at New York’s Baruch College died of brain injuries after being pummelled. In 2011, months after a student died in a hazing incident, Cornell University’s president David Skorton penned a New York Times essay explaining his decision to forbid fraternity pledging altogether. This was one day after Princeton University banned its own fraternities from recruiting first-year students. Hazing is illegal in 44 states, and Bloomberg reports over 60 fraternity-related deaths since 2005. A recent Bloomberg series , paired with an Atlantic magazine cover story , has provided anti-Greek campaigners with a wealth of statistical ammunition. But the groups have some fearsome weapons of their own. Alongside numerous business executives, 39 senators and 101 House members are fraternity or sorority alumni, boasts the website of the North-American Interfraternity Conference trade group, which represents 74 national fraternities. It is a bipartisan and powerful bunch. The Fraternity and Sorority Political Action Committee, FratPAC, aggressively fights legislation that threatens to harm the clubs, such as anti-hazing measures. Over 300,000 undergraduate men nationwide are fraternity members today. Defenders of fraternities have claimed their share of scalps. The president of Trinity College in Connecticut will retire earlier than planned in June after tangling with graduates who threatened to withhold donations when he mandated the groups coeducate. At larger southern schools, where the culture of fraternities is especially strong, colleges are less likely to fight. Many universities are quietly eager to let students live in their own group houses, off the schools’ books. While small, elite | Rice grilled over torture at Stanford - YouTube Rice grilled over torture at Stanford Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on May 6, 2009 http://observers.france24.com/en/cont... A Stanford University student grills ex-US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice over the Bush administration's torture policy. Who sounds more convincing: Rice or Jeremy Cohn? Condoleezza Rice, former US President George W. Bush's security advisor and then secretary of state (2005-2009), returned to teach political science at Stanford University, where she was a professor before entering politics, in March. Jeremy Cohn is a student at Stanford. We see him questioning Condoleeza Rice in the video. The strong points were when she was talking about the situation in the country soon after September 11. It's true that a lot of people were scared and we were facing a very difficult time. A lot of the things she said at the beginning [were good], especially when she said that we can't always choose our allies. It's true that the world is a very imperfect place and that tough decisions need to be taken. But the excuse isn't valid enough. If we entrust these officials with important responsibilties, it's because we want them to take decisions without being influenced by public opinion. In the end, she didn't really convince me. My question about the United States and how we're supposed to move forward with all of those secrets coming out just turned into a regular defense of all the basic talking points within the administration. Finally, many other students shared my opinion that she was evasive and got very defensive." Category | eng_Latn | 19,533 |
Programs develop more opportunities for staff to understand the discriminatory impact on clients that can result from public policies. | Programs develop opportunities to help understand the impact of discrimination. | Programs have no impact on staff understanding the impact of discrimination. | eng_Latn | 19,534 |
Some felt that there had been loss of trust by clients from disenfranchised groups because of a belief that legal services programs have pulled away from discrimination-based initiatives. | Some felt they couldn't trust people anymore. | THey all knew everyone was trustworthly. | eng_Latn | 19,535 |
The racism that kept Alabama's constitution unchanged has hardly been eradicated. | Racism is at least part of the reason Alabama's constitution remains unchanged. | Racism is the reason why the state of Alabama changed its constitution. | eng_Latn | 19,536 |
Confounding our initial assumption, the spot prompts us to question why this kind of discrimination is accepted--even legal in 41 states, a fact the narrator tells us most Americans don't know. | This kind of discrimination is legal in the majority of states. | This kind of discrimination is illegal in all 50 states. | eng_Latn | 19,537 |
Many conservatives still endorse the segregationist line that government shouldn't interfere with people's preferences. | Conservatives still think that government shouldn't be involved with people's preferences. | Conservatives want government to regulate everything. | eng_Latn | 19,538 |
Vice President for Programs Randi Youells repeatedly highlighted diversity's essential role in a healthy and effective legal services system in talks she gave throughout the year to program staff, civil justice leaders, and state justice communities. | Randi Youells believes that an effective legal services system should be diverse. | Randi Youells believes that a healthy legal services system can be made up of any members. | eng_Latn | 19,539 |
Saying that discrimination is not widespread in corporations because it wouldn't be in a CEO's best interest is like saying that waste in the federal government must not exist because it would be politically embarrassing to the president. | Saying corporations don't discriminate because it would harm the CEO is like saying the federal government doesn't waste money because it would embarrass the president. | The government never wastes money because it would embarrass the president. | eng_Latn | 19,540 |
uh or maybe eventually uh just waiting it out and that's where a lot of aggravation comes i think is is uh these guys spend so much time in the appeal process or just in the waiting process they may spend years | The guys appeal a lot. | The guys aren't allowed to appeal. | eng_Latn | 19,541 |
Programs and state justice communities seek guidance on the intersection of race and poverty from national experts and focus on these issues in local, regional and state contexts. | Guidance on the intersection of race and poverty is being sought by justice communities. | Programs and justice communities are not seeking guidance on the intersection of race and poverty | eng_Latn | 19,542 |
Effective policies that implement diversity goals are adopted throughout each state. | Each state has adopted effective policies that implement diversity goals. | There have been no policies effective enough to implement diversity goals. | eng_Latn | 19,543 |
Government-mandated integration is wrong, he writes, because any endorsement of racial preferences is immoral. | Enforced racial preference is not moral . | Racial preference is not immoral nor is government integration. | eng_Latn | 19,544 |
totally in favor of affirmative action in some of the programs but i think that uh in some cases there there should be some real opportunity and and some diversity and | Affirmative action is something I am sometimes in favor of, but not always. | Affirmative action is the best way to allow true opportunity for all. | eng_Latn | 19,545 |
There's no reason why affirmative action, in particular, needs to be fought out at this sublimated level. | Affirmative action is still fought about. | Affirmative Action is set in stone now. | eng_Latn | 19,546 |
Job discrimination against women? | Women being discriminated in the workforce? | Men being discriminated against in the workforce? | eng_Latn | 19,547 |
Women and minorities appear to be benefiting from greater employment opportunities in the United States, but discrimination remains a significant problem, according to a study to be released today by two professors at the Rutgers School of Law in Newark. | Women have better employment opportunities than they used to. | Women have no employement opportunities in the US | eng_Latn | 19,548 |
At this statewide training event, we joined a panel that addressed how legal services programs and equal justice communities can effectively recruit and retain a diverse work force, among other critical diversity activities. | We joined a panel to address legal services. | We didn't partake in the panel. | eng_Latn | 19,549 |
Programs need to come up with innovative ways of supporting people who are advocates for diversity, including charging certain staff members to reach out to others to overcome possibly hidden discrimination (such as discrimination members of religious groups and gays/lesbians/bi-sexual and transgender persons). | Discrimination can be against members of certain religious groups. | Discrimination is only limited to people of different skin color. | eng_Latn | 19,550 |
the diversity of the programs. | The programs are diverse. | The programs are not diverse. | eng_Latn | 19,551 |
Affirmative action is good for you, supporters told the New York Times . The University of Michigan, for one, cites statistical evidence to argue that affirmative action benefits not only minority students but all students. | The University of Michigan has cited statistical evidence to argue that Affirmative action is good for all students. | No one thinks affirmative action helps anyone. | eng_Latn | 19,552 |
A few weeks ago, a conservative foundation placed an ad in college papers urging undergraduates to sue their schools in order to battle affirmative action policies. | Ads were placed in college newspapers urging students to sue their schools. | Conservative foundations are united in their belief that the judicial process should not override the legislature. | eng_Latn | 19,553 |
Already strained to the breaking point, this cut will devastate the civil equal justice delivery system in our state. | The state's means of delivering civil justice will be devastated by the cuts. | The state's means of delivering civil justice will be dramatically improved after the cuts. | eng_Latn | 19,554 |
Themselves the beneficiaries of meritocracy, they were now ready to reduce its weight for those who did not do well in the tests created to serve meritocracy. | Even after benefiting from meritocracy, these people were still prepared to change it. | After gaining so much from the meritocracy, no one was willing to see it change. | eng_Latn | 19,555 |
Minority students who once might have been admitted to the system's best schools are now finding places at lower-tier schools. | Minority students have to go to lower-tier schools now. | Minority students get to go to higher-tier schools now. | eng_Latn | 19,556 |
The court invalidated, as impermissible viewpoint discrimination, the qualification that representation could not involve an effort to amend or otherwise challenge existing law, because it clearly seeks to discourage challenges to the status quo. | It clearly seeks to discourage challenges to the status quo. | It clearly has a bias supporting all challenges against the status quo. | eng_Latn | 19,557 |
Putting the "Affirm" Into Affirmative Action: Preferential Selection and Academic Performance | Not All Variety Is Created Equal: The Effects of Simultaneous and Sequential Choice Situations on the Value of Variety | Lipoprotein Electrophoresis Should Be Discontinued as a Routine Procedure | eng_Latn | 19,558 |
Today, much public attention and litigation in the wake of the government's response to the September 11, 2001 attacks centers on one or another claims about the government's substantive illegality (such as claims based on the Due Process Clause). This is a mistake. Instead of focusing on the ultimate individual liberty questions, challenges should first focus on equality. Since the terrorist attacks, the government has repeatedly singled out aliens for special disfavor. For example, the Military Commissions Act blatantly discriminates against aliens - shunting the 20 million green-card holders and 5 billion people across the planet into a different, and far inferior, trial procedure than what American citizens face. Since at least the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment's equality guarantee, such legislation has never been placed in the United States Code. The equality challenges are the next big thing in the war on terror. While discrimination by the federal government against aliens might be justified when it is handing out government benefits, it is not appropriate when deciding whether someone can be put before a tribunal with the power to dispense the most awesome powers of government, such as life imprisonment and the death penalty. When legislation singles out only powerless aliens, moreover, the standard checks on government abuse, such as political accountability, fail to operate. The result is not only that the legislation runs afoul of the Constitution's guarantee of equal protection, it also eliminates the legislation from the zone of deference traditionally due to the political branches. | While the first DDRI proposal-submission deadline during a calendar year will and, implements the new Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Program Director, telephone: (703) 292-7301, email: [email protected]. so much sugar being used, the government is subsiding the obesity epidemic. Thomas Paine, A Dissertation on the First Principles of Government, 1795. Using first-principles calculations based on hybrid density functional theory, I have investigated Dissertation Title: First-principles calculations of conductivity control in facilities available to university, industry and government researchers. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 19,559 |
Georgia's Latino student population has risen from less than 2,000 in 1976 to more than 28,000 in 1996. In 1995-96, Latinos were less likely than their peers to finish school, more likely to struggle in the classroom, and less likely to have instructors from their ethnic background. The current Georgia Department of Education, characterized by criticism of federal involvement in education, an "English Only" approach, and a culture that does not support multicultural education or diversity, has not supported innovative programs and interventions and has compelled the departures of many of its experts on the educational needs of migrant students, second language learning, and multicultural teacher training. However, at the practitioner level, promising programs are being implemented. In Dalton, the Georgia Project represents a collaboration between the business community, the public schools, and the Universidad de Monterrey in Mexico. Project components include two-way bilingual education, a summer institute for teachers and administrators at the Universidad de Monterrey, a year-long visit of Mexico-certified English teachers who serve as bilingual paraprofessionals, teacher training in phonetics-based basic reading skills, a community needs assessment/Mexican leadership development effort overseen by three Monterrey-based sociologists, and adult literacy classes for the new Latino population. Although some dynamics that have produced inadequate Latino education elsewhere are operating in Georgia, the challenge is how to use initiatives like the Georgia Project to inform practice elsewhere in the state. (Contains 25 references.) (TD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. The Future Is Now: Latino Education in Georgia | In this article, Villenas and Deyhle use the lens of Critical Race Theory (CRT) to examine Latino schooling and family education as portrayed in seven recent ethnographic studies. They argue that CRT provides a powerful tool to understand how the subordination and marginalization of people of color is created and maintained in the United States. The ethnographic studies of Latino education are filled with the stories and voices of Latino parents and youth. These stories and voices are the rich data by which a CRT lens can unveil and explain how and why “raced” children are overwhelmingly the recipients of low teacher expectations and are consequently tracked, placed in low-level classes and receive “dull and boring” curriculum. The voices of Latino parents reveal how despite the school rhetoric of parent involvement, parents are really “kept out” of schools by the negative ways in which they are treated, by insensitive bureaucratic requirements, and by the ways in which school-conceived parent inv... | ABSTRACTUNC-45A is an ubiquitously expressed protein highly conserved throughout evolution. Most of what we currently know about UNC-45A pertains to its role as a regulator of the actomyosin system... | eng_Latn | 19,560 |
As we prepare for the upcoming reauthorization of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), recommendations about restructuring dispute resolution options will likely surface. Conflict between parents and school districts has been a topic of high importance during previous IDEA reauthorizations, with Congress focused on the implementation of dispute resolution procedures that encourage meaningful problem solving and shared decision making. Studies indicate due process hearings can reach extreme costs and diminish opportunities to repair the parent–school partnership. These outcomes are not productive for any of the parties involved, especially the student. Over the past decade, due process hearing rates have decreased and researchers have identified a number of promising conflict prevention and resolution practices. This article provides a discussion of the changing relationship between litigation and special education through the interpretation of IDEA regulations, national data, and resear... | Facilitated Individualized Education Program (FIEP) meetings present one option for early, alternative dispute resolution in special education. Although it has been suggested that this process may ... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 19,561 |
For African Americans, linked fate is the recognition that individual life chances are inextricably tied to the race as a whole. Using data from the 1996 National Black Election Study, the author empirically tested two competing hypotheses about the effect of gender identification on race identification as measured by linked fate. One hypothesis suggests that Black women who identify strongly with their gender will report a lower sense of race identification. The other suggests that Black women who identify strongly with their gender will report a higher sense of race identification. This research is important because it is the first to extend the application of the linked fate model used to measure race identification to the case in which gender matters. By so doing, this study demonstrates the importance of theorizing gender as opposed to simply adding the variable (gender) to a regression model and controlling for its effects statistically. | This paper is motivated by current research in political science and women's studies on interest groups, representation, and intersectional disadvantage. Using original survey data from over 200 advocacy groups (women's rights; socio-economic justice; racial-minority rights; disability rights; and lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender rights) in 14 states across the USA, this study examines whether groups disproportionately advocate on behalf of some intersectional identities over others. Descriptive analysis of the correspondence between the demographics of organizations' supporter networks and their issue agendas revealed that groups consistently over-represent class-based issues and under-represent gender-based issues relative to the proportions of low-income and female individuals contained within their constituencies. | Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child. | eng_Latn | 19,562 |
In this phenomenological study we relied on classroom observations and 22 in-depth interviews with students as they interacted with African American faculty. Findings reveal the meaning students made from these classroom interactions and the ways African American faculty, significantly and positively, influenced the student experience. More specifically, students described the faculty as open, passionate, and caring, thereby making students feel comfortable, valued, and respected. This study supports previous research on the benefits of student–faculty interactions by providing additional evidence regarding the importance and value African American faculty bring to the academy. | Research shows that an oppressive classroom environment impairs learning and academic performance for students with oppressed identities. Less research examines faculty perceptions of their classroom, but such research could reveal whether an oppressive environment impairs teaching effectiveness. Although the literature shows that women faculty of color spend a disproportionate amount of time teaching, researchers have not systematically examined their classroom experiences. My study relies on transcripts of 17 in-depth interviews with women faculty of color at a large, predominantly white research institution. Despite their legitimate authority as professors, these women describe gendered racism in their classroom interactions with students. Specifically, they depict white male students as challenging their authority, teaching competency, and scholarly expertise, as well as offering subtle and not so subtle threats to their persons and their careers. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 19,563 |
The priority attached to inner city student desegregation has often become diminished with the onset of mandatory faculty desegregation. Consequently, students tend to be substantially more segregated than teachers in urban schools. Moreover, faculties in predominately minority schools typically have higher turnover and less experience than faculties in other schools. In the largest district initially placed under court-ordered faculty desegregation, we examined how these circumstances may have influenced academic attainment among elementary students. Achievement among black students was negatively related to the extent to which their teachers were racially isolated. Also, achievement was lower for black students assigned teachers who were involuntarily transferred for faculty desegregation purposes. The achievement of black, Hispanic, and white students was positively associated with teaching experience and negatively related to faculty turnover. These findings suggest that poorly planned desegregation p... | Previous research suggests that there are academic benefits when students and teachers share the same race/ethnicity because such teachers can serve as role models, mentors, advocates, or cultural translators. In this paper, we obtain estimates of achievement changes as students are assigned to teachers of different races/ethnicities from grades 3 through 10 utilizing a large administrative dataset provided by the Florida Department of Education that follows the universe of test-taking students in Florida public schools from 2001–2002 through 2008–2009. We find small but significant positive effects when black and white students are assigned to race-congruent teachers in reading (.004–.005 standard deviations) and for black, white and Asian/Pacific Island students in math (.007–.041 standard deviations). We also examine the effects of race matching by students' prior performance level, finding that lower-performing black and white students appear to particularly benefit from being assigned to a race-congruent teacher. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 19,564 |
Black and White discrimination in the United States: Evidence from an archive of survey experiment studies: | This study reports results from a new analysis of 17 survey experiment studies that permitted assessment of racial discrimination, drawn from the archives of the Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences. For White participants (n=10 435), pooled results did not detect a net discrimination for or against White targets, but, for Black participants (n=2781), pooled results indicated the presence of a small-to-moderate net discrimination in favor of Black targets; inferences were the same for the subset of studies that had a political candidate target and the subset of studies that had a worker or job applicant target. These results have implications for understanding racial discrimination in the United States, and, given that some of the studies have never been fully reported on in a journal or academic book, the results also suggest the need for preregistration to reduce or eliminate publication bias in racial discrimination studies. | Do today's colleges and universities place too much emphasis on research performed by their faculty and not enough on the quality of undergraduate teaching? That was the question addressed at a March 31 hearing of the House Subcommittee on Science. Former University of Arkansas president Rep. Ray Thornton (D-Ark.), who chaired the hearing, remarked that “there is a nationwide perception that the balance is skewed toward research.” Many students and their parents, he said, have voiced dissatisfaction over undergraduate education. | eng_Latn | 19,565 |
Freedom of Speech in Universities | Freedom of Speech in Universities A G Noorani As creatures of statute, our universities fall within the definition of 'the state' in the Constitution and, therefore, the entire chapter on the fundamental rights applies to them. | Course dates, times and venues: ::: Please refer to the 'view the training directory' page for the 'Training Timetable' - located in the 'Document Downloads' section. ::: Cost: ::: Free ::: Facilitators: ::: Lisa Revell - Hull University, Darren Gallagher and Li... | eng_Latn | 19,566 |
Security risks and countermeasures of college graduate employment of social transformation | A variety of security risks in the employment of college graduates in the process of social transformation was analyzed and summarized as followings: the security risks in the job recruitments, job security risks in ignoring the unreasonable contract terms, and the leakage of personal data. The corresponding countermeasures were proposed in order to give useful guidance of secure employment for graduates. | This paper estimates a dynamic model of schooling attainment to investigate the sources of discrepancy by race and ethnicity in college attendance. When the returns to college education rose, college enrollment of whites responded much more quickly than that of minorities. Parental income is a strong predictor of this response. However, using NLSY data, we find that it is the long-run factors associated with parental background and income and not short-term credit constraints facing college students that account for the differential response by race and ethnicity to the new labor market for skilled labor. Policies aimed at improving these long-term factors are far more likely to be successful in eliminating college attendance differentials than are short-term tuition reduction policies. | eng_Latn | 19,567 |
Details on the establishment of the Neutrality Law Unit to examine possible infringements to the law | Details on the establishment of the Neutrality Law Unit to examine possible infringements to the law with approval fromthe FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. | Legal education has begun to become a global phenomenon. US and UK law schools in particular portray themselves as the tribunes of the new legal educative imperialism. The example of NYU's Global Law School is used as an example to illustrate these new trends. | eng_Latn | 19,568 |
Variation in adult asthma prevalence in Hispanic subpopulations in New York City. | Background. We compared asthma prevalence among New York City Hispanics–Puerto Rican, Dominican, and other Hispanics–in relation to nativity, socioeconomic status, and asthma risk factors. Methods. Weighted logistic regression analyses on telephone survey data for New York City (NYC) adults in 2003/2004. Results. Asthma prevalence was highest among Puerto Ricans (11.8%) compared with Dominicans and other Hispanics. Non–US-born Dominicans and other Hispanics were significantly less likely to report current asthma than were Puerto Ricans (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.18-0.41 and OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.11-0.26, respectively). In multivariate analyses, US-born Dominicans and other Hispanics had rates comparable to Puerto Ricans. Conclusions. Puerto Ricans, both mainland- and native-born, report the highest rates of adult asthma. Non–US-born Hispanics report lower rates. Acculturation and patterns of residential settlement may account for this variation. | Abstract This article explores the impact of Proposition 227 on students and teachers based on interviews with parents, teachers, and administrators of a school in the Bay Area. We discuss four themes that emerge from the data: parent involvement, academic impact on students, the instructional challenges posed by Proposition 227, and the emotional impact on teachers and students. Connecting these themes is an overemphasis on language of instruction, which we found to overshadow other issues critical to the education of language minority students. | eng_Latn | 19,569 |
Gabb’s Law: Thou shalt NOT have gas over thy liver!! | Poster: "2017 ASM / R-0029 / Gabb’s Law: Thou shalt NOT have gas over thy liver!!" by: "S. Constantine; SA/AU" | This article, written for prospective and new law students, addresses, in a humorous way, the myths, little lies, half-truths, and realities about law school. Examples of myths include The Imposter Syndrome, GPA is everything, and All law students are cutthroats. The article provides advice, guidance, and considerations for those contemplating, or just entering, law school. | eng_Latn | 19,570 |
Auditory Frequency and Intensity Discrimination Ability of Cerebral Palsied Children | SummaryThe auditory frequency and intensity discrimination ability of 26 cerebral palsied subjects, ages seven through eleven years, was evaluated and compared to the auditory frequency and intensity discrimination ability of 58 normal subjects.The auditory frequency discrimination ability of the cerebral palsied subjects was significantly inferior to the ability of the normal subjects when comparison was made using both chronological and mental ages. The auditory intensity discrimination ability of the cerebral palsied subjects was significantly inferior to the normal subjects only when the groups were compared by chronological age. Comparison by mental age showed a non-significant difference.The results suggest that additional investigation should pursue the influence of inferior auditory frequency and intensity discrimination on the ability to process sophisticated language information. | In this article, we examine disability and eugenics discourses and the ways they function in spaces where vulnerable persons have been historically excluded by the state and blamed for their own “immiseration.” We ask how queer theories of repudiation, abjection, and vulnerability lend insight into the ways that people with intellectual disabilities are discursively located outside normative discourses of home, care, and quality of life, and whether these discourses shifted to serve this vulnerable population when historically the very places in question repudiated them, infringed on their human rights, and questioned their sexuality. To address these questions, we focus on the recent and impending closures of Virginia’s Training Centers, residential institutions for persons with intellectual disabilities now scheduled for staggered closures before 2020. | eng_Latn | 19,571 |
Lies, Myths, Stock Stories, and Other Tropes: Understanding Race and Whites’ Policy Preferences in Education | Despite being academically unqualified for admission to the University of Texas at Austin, Abigail Fisher, a White female, argued that she was not admitted due to the university’s diversity policy. In addition to framing postsecondary admissions as a zero-sum phenomenon, Ms. Fisher intentionally frames students of color who are admitted to the University of Texas at Austin as academically unqualified. The purpose of this article is to examine Ms. Fisher’s arguments against the University of Texas’ diversity policy as presented in Fisher v. University of Texas from a critical race theoretical perspective. In addition to obfuscating the fact that admission to the top colleges and universities in the United States has become more competitive, Ms. Fisher’s anti-diversity arguments are also consistent with a racial ideology and socially conservative agenda that frames people of color as undeserving of the opportunities traditionally associated with White people. The goal of this article is not only to situate ... | Little is known of the experiences of oncology patients who abandon biomedicine to use alternate therapies. This ethnography provides insights into the experiences of eight estranged informants. Six main themes emerging from the analysis are (a) expressed stress: emotions such as anger and fear, (b) | eng_Latn | 19,572 |
When Fear Knocks: The Myths and Realities of Law School | This article, written for prospective and new law students, addresses, in a humorous way, the myths, little lies, half-truths, and realities about law school. Examples of myths include The Imposter Syndrome, GPA is everything, and All law students are cutthroats. The article provides advice, guidance, and considerations for those contemplating, or just entering, law school. | Thank you for reading cautionary tales strategy lessons from struggling colleges. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this cautionary tales strategy lessons from struggling colleges, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their laptop. | eng_Latn | 19,573 |
Rule-Consequentialism and the Significance of Species | According to rule-consequentialism, we ought to follow the principles that would result in the best consequences if they were generally accepted. These principles constitute the ideal code. My aim is to make clear what the ideal code says about what we owe to animals. I argue that it accords moral status to them: the rule-consequentialist should acknowledge both general duties and special obligations to animals. However, in the ideal code there is no place for animal rights, conceived as deontological constraints. Within the animal rights debate, I conclude, rule-consequentialism is superior to some of the most prominent ethical theories in its agreement with widely shared moral intuitions. But some of its practical implications regarding the proper treatment of animals remain unclear. This point is illustrated by a discussion of what Jeff McMahan called ‘benign carnivorism’. | This paper estimates a dynamic model of schooling attainment to investigate the sources of discrepancy by race and ethnicity in college attendance. When the returns to college education rose, college enrollment of whites responded much more quickly than that of minorities. Parental income is a strong predictor of this response. However, using NLSY data, we find that it is the long-run factors associated with parental background and income and not short-term credit constraints facing college students that account for the differential response by race and ethnicity to the new labor market for skilled labor. Policies aimed at improving these long-term factors are far more likely to be successful in eliminating college attendance differentials than are short-term tuition reduction policies. | eng_Latn | 19,574 |
Sequential Features of Black Child Language | This study determines whether the spontaneous speech of black children between the ages of 18 and 36 months contained Brown’s semantic relations. The study also attempted to identify the existence ... | This paper estimates a dynamic model of schooling attainment to investigate the sources of discrepancy by race and ethnicity in college attendance. When the returns to college education rose, college enrollment of whites responded much more quickly than that of minorities. Parental income is a strong predictor of this response. However, using NLSY data, we find that it is the long-run factors associated with parental background and income and not short-term credit constraints facing college students that account for the differential response by race and ethnicity to the new labor market for skilled labor. Policies aimed at improving these long-term factors are far more likely to be successful in eliminating college attendance differentials than are short-term tuition reduction policies. | eng_Latn | 19,575 |
Who was the first black Supreme Court justice? | Thurgood Marshall Biography Thurgood Marshall, Supreme Court Justice Born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 2, 1908, Thurgood Marshall was the grandson of a slave. His father, William Marshall, instilled in him from youth an appreciation for the United States Constitution and the rule of law. After completing high school in 1925, Thurgood followed his brother, William Aubrey Marshall, at the historically black Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania. His classmates at Lincoln included a distinguished group of future Black leaders such as the poet and author Langston Hughes, the future President of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah, and musician Cab Calloway. Just before graduation, he married his first wife, Vivian "Buster" Burey. Their twenty-five year marriage ended with her death from cancer in 1955. In 1930, he applied to the University of Maryland Law School, but was denied admission because he was Black. This was an event that was to haunt him and direct his future professional life. Thurgood sought admission and was accepted at the Howard University Law School that same year and came under the immediate influence of the dynamic new dean, Charles Hamilton Houston, who instilled in all of his students the desire to apply the tenets of the Constitution to all Americans. Paramount in Houston's outlook was the need to overturn the 1898 Supreme Court ruling, Plessy v. Ferguson which established the legal doctrine called, "separate but equal." Marshall's first major court case came in 1933 when he successfully sued the University of Maryland to admit a young African American Amherst University graduate named Donald Gaines Murray. Applauding Marshall's victory, author H.L. Mencken wrote that the decision of denial by the University of Maryland Law School was "brutal and absurd," and they should not object to the "presence among them of a self-respecting and ambitious young Afro-American well prepared for his studies by four years of hard work in a class A college." Thurgood Marshall followed his Howard University mentor, Charles Hamilton Houston to New York and later became Chief Counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). During this period, Mr. Marshall was asked by the United Nations and the United Kingdom to help draft the constitutions of the emerging African nations of Ghana and what is now Tanzania. It was felt that the person who so successfully fought for the rights of America's oppressed minority would be the perfect person to ensure the rights of the White citizens in these two former European colonies. After amassing an impressive record of Supreme Court challenges to state-sponsored discrimination, including the landmark Brown v. Board decision in 1954, President John F. Kennedy appointed Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. In this capacity, he wrote over 150 decisions including support for the rights of immigrants, limiting government intrusion in cases involving illegal search and seizure, double jeopardy, and right to privacy issues. Biographers Michael Davis and Hunter Clark note that, "none of his (Marshall's) 98 majority decisions was ever reversed by the Supreme Court." In 1965 President Lyndon Johnson appointed Judge Marshall to the office of U.S. Solicitor General. Before his subsequent nomination to the United States Supreme Court in 1967, Thurgood Marshall won 14 of the 19 cases he argued before the Supreme Court on behalf of the government. Indeed, Thurgood Marshall represented and won more cases before the | Watergate Watergate � Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr. Library and Museum � "My colleagues on the Committee are determined to uncover all the relevant facts surrounding these matters, and to spare no one, whatever his station in life may be. . . .The nation and history itself are watching us. We cannot fail our mission." Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr. Senator Sam was elected to Congress in 1954 where he had a most distinguished career. At the age of 76, he was thrust into the national spotlight when he was named as the Chairman of the Senate Watergate Committee. Throughout this televised process, his devotion to and knowledge of the Constitution, his dogged determination to get to the truth and his down-home demeanor laced with bits of wisdom made Senator Sam a household name and one of the most memorable political figures of our time. As then Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield stated, "Sam is the only man we could have selected on either side who would have the respect of the Senate as a whole." "Sam is the only man we could have selected on either side who would have the respect of the Senate as a whole." Mike Mansfield, | eng_Latn | 19,576 |
In Brown VS Board of education of topeka Kansas what did the supreme Court determine illegal? | Why schools became segregated? | Is a sit-down strike illegal? | eng_Latn | 19,577 |
What was the regents of the university of california vs bakke about? | The central issuse in the Bakke case was what? | What was the outcome of University of California vs Bakke? | eng_Latn | 19,578 |
What percentages of schools do not have recess in the US? | Why don't they put soccer in middle schools? | ALL americans enjoy all civil rights? | eng_Latn | 19,579 |
An affirmative action policy encourages employers to do what? | An affirmative action policy encourages employees to? | An affirmative action policy encourages employees to? | eng_Latn | 19,580 |
New York Panel Urges Big Changes at Colleges | A proposal would allow public colleges and universities to raise tuition without the State Legislatureâs approval. | Freaks and geeks dressed in spandex, and appearances by famous nerds like Stephen Colbert, make N.Y.'s Comic Con one for the books. By Ryan Brenizer. | eng_Latn | 19,581 |
Whilst the FIA had been involved in the development of these kerbs , in response to the drivers ' concerns FIA race director and safety delegate Charlie Whiting agreed to lower the kerbs at the turn 10 chicane ahead of Friday 's free practice . | Responding to the drivers ' feedback , FIA race director and safety delegate Charlie Whiting ordered the high kerbs at Singapore 's turn 10 hairpin be modified . | Claiming lead from Justice Ruth Ginsburg 's minority opinion , which invited the Congress to take action by amending the law , the Democrats announced their intention to intervene : House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Education and Labor Committee Chairman George Miller said that a bill was to be passed to avoid future court rulings in line with Ledbetter , clearly putting that `` a key provision of the legislation will make it clear that discrimination occurs not just when the decision to discriminate is made , but also when someone becomes subject to that discriminatory decision , and when they are affected by that discriminatory decision , including each time they are issued a discriminatory paycheck '' , as said by Rep. Miller . | eng_Latn | 19,582 |
Lawmaker: Abstinence Programs Misleading | Rep. Henry Waxman says federally funded abstinence education programs that are used in 25 states contain false and misleading information about contraception, abortion and sexually transmitted diseases. | MINNEAPOLIS -- A woman who allegedly sold flu shots then fled when her credentials were questioned was giving people the real vaccine, and was trying to raise money for her daughter's school fund-raiser, her ex-husband said. | eng_Latn | 19,583 |
Retaliation at Issue in Discrimination Case | The law known as Title IX has expanded opportunities for women and girls in sports and other activities by prohibiting sex discrimination in schools and colleges that receive federal money. | It's a clash between the film industry and a consumer electronics company -- over a home theatre jukebox. The legal battle is over something called the Kaleidescape System. | eng_Latn | 19,584 |
Judge: Yale Can Block Military Recruiters | A federal judge has ruled that Yale Law School can block military recruiters from campus without fear of losing federal funding. | Blog: Sen. Harry Reid withdraws legislation that would have required universities--in exchange for funds--to use technology to "prevent the illegal downloading or peer-to-peer distribution of intellectual property." | eng_Latn | 19,585 |
This can result in less common abbreviations being selected but reduces confusion as to which gene is referred to . | This reduces confusion as to which gene is referred to . | Claiming lead from Justice Ruth Ginsburg 's minority opinion , which invited the Congress to take action by amending the law , the Democrats announced their intention to intervene : House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Education and Labor Committee Chairman George Miller said that a bill was to be passed to avoid future court rulings in line with Ledbetter , clearly putting that `` a key provision of the legislation will make it clear that discrimination occurs not just when the decision to discriminate is made , but also when someone becomes subject to that discriminatory decision , and when they are affected by that discriminatory decision , including each time they are issued a discriminatory paycheck '' , as said by Rep. Miller . | eng_Latn | 19,586 |
It may result in goiter ( so-called endemic goiter ) , as well as cretinism , which results in developmental delays and other health problems . | This causes iodine deficiency which gives rise to goiter ( so-called endemic goiter ) , as well as cretinism , which results in developmental delays and other health problems . | Claiming lead from Justice Ruth Ginsburg 's minority opinion , which invited the Congress to take action by amending the law , the Democrats announced their intention to intervene : House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Education and Labor Committee Chairman George Miller said that a bill was to be passed to avoid future court rulings in line with Ledbetter , clearly putting that `` a key provision of the legislation will make it clear that discrimination occurs not just when the decision to discriminate is made , but also when someone becomes subject to that discriminatory decision , and when they are affected by that discriminatory decision , including each time they are issued a discriminatory paycheck '' , as said by Rep. Miller . | eng_Latn | 19,587 |
A sign of the confusion caused by the performance was during the vote-counting with Greece awarding Belgium three points and the announcer thinking that she had misheard the vote and trying to award the points to the Netherlands . | The announcer thought she misheard and tried to award the points to the Netherlands . | Claiming lead from Justice Ruth Ginsburg 's minority opinion , which invited the Congress to take action by amending the law , the Democrats announced their intention to intervene : House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Education and Labor Committee Chairman George Miller said that a bill was to be passed to avoid future court rulings in line with Ledbetter , clearly putting that `` a key provision of the legislation will make it clear that discrimination occurs not just when the decision to discriminate is made , but also when someone becomes subject to that discriminatory decision , and when they are affected by that discriminatory decision , including each time they are issued a discriminatory paycheck '' , as said by Rep. Miller . | eng_Latn | 19,588 |
No women ever acquired citizenship in ancient Athens , and therefore women were excluded in principle and practice from ancient Athenian democracy . | No women ever acquired citizenship in ancient Athens , and so they were excluded from ancient Athenian democracy . | Claiming lead from Justice Ruth Ginsburg 's minority opinion , which invited the Congress to take action by amending the law , the Democrats announced their intention to intervene : House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Education and Labor Committee Chairman George Miller said that a bill was to be passed to avoid future court rulings in line with Ledbetter , clearly putting that `` a key provision of the legislation will make it clear that discrimination occurs not just when the decision to discriminate is made , but also when someone becomes subject to that discriminatory decision , and when they are affected by that discriminatory decision , including each time they are issued a discriminatory paycheck '' , as said by Rep. Miller . | eng_Latn | 19,589 |
Gradualism , from Latin gradus ( `` step '' ) , is the belief in or the policy of change by gradual , often slow stages . | Gradualism is a process of change by gradual , slow stages . | Claiming lead from Justice Ruth Ginsburg 's minority opinion , which invited the Congress to take action by amending the law , the Democrats announced their intention to intervene : House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Education and Labor Committee Chairman George Miller said that a bill was to be passed to avoid future court rulings in line with Ledbetter , clearly putting that `` a key provision of the legislation will make it clear that discrimination occurs not just when the decision to discriminate is made , but also when someone becomes subject to that discriminatory decision , and when they are affected by that discriminatory decision , including each time they are issued a discriminatory paycheck '' , as said by Rep. Miller . | eng_Latn | 19,590 |
Choice 'not aiding black pupils' | A report says increased school choice does little to enhance the educational opportunities of black pupils. | The density of billboards advertising tobacco products is more than twice as high in black neighborhoods as in white. | eng_Latn | 19,591 |
God and race divide parties in South | Barack Obama has to win over both black and white Democrat voters to see off Hillary Clinton | HARRISBURG, Pa. - Civil rights groups sued a Pennsylvania school district on Tuesday to block teaching of "intelligent design," an alternative to evolution that contends nature was created by an all-powerful being. | eng_Latn | 19,592 |
The biggest income difference was between those with some college education and those who had a Bachelor 's degree , with the latter making $ 23,874 more annually . | The biggest income difference was between those with some college education and those who had a Bachelor 's degree , with the latter making $ 23,874 more . | Claiming lead from Justice Ruth Ginsburg 's minority opinion , which invited the Congress to take action by amending the law , the Democrats announced their intention to intervene : House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Education and Labor Committee Chairman George Miller said that a bill was to be passed to avoid future court rulings in line with Ledbetter , clearly putting that `` a key provision of the legislation will make it clear that discrimination occurs not just when the decision to discriminate is made , but also when someone becomes subject to that discriminatory decision , and when they are affected by that discriminatory decision , including each time they are issued a discriminatory paycheck '' , as said by Rep. Miller . | eng_Latn | 19,593 |
In some places , a `` block session '' of lap dances ( usually a half an hour to an hour ) can be booked in a `` champagne room '' , which is a private room usually located in the back of a club . | In some clubs , a `` block session '' of lap dances ( usually half an hour to an hour ) can be booked in a `` champagne room '' , which is a private room in the back of a club . | Claiming lead from Justice Ruth Ginsburg 's minority opinion , which invited the Congress to take action by amending the law , the Democrats announced their intention to intervene : House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Education and Labor Committee Chairman George Miller said that a bill was to be passed to avoid future court rulings in line with Ledbetter , clearly putting that `` a key provision of the legislation will make it clear that discrimination occurs not just when the decision to discriminate is made , but also when someone becomes subject to that discriminatory decision , and when they are affected by that discriminatory decision , including each time they are issued a discriminatory paycheck '' , as said by Rep. Miller . | eng_Latn | 19,594 |
Candidates for admission are judged on their academic achievement , demonstrated leadership , athletics and character . | People wanting to study at the Academy are judged on their academic achievement , leadership , athletics and character . | Most well-known is article 1 , which sets out the four criteria for statehood that have sometimes been recognized as an accurate statement of customary international law : In addition , the first sentence of article 3 explicitly states that `` The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by the other states . '' | eng_Latn | 19,595 |
Judge overturns 'Robin Hood' | A state district judge declared the school funding system unconstitutional Wednesday, saying Texas faces a bleak future if it fails to spend more on public education. | Blog: Sen. Harry Reid withdraws legislation that would have required universities--in exchange for funds--to use technology to "prevent the illegal downloading or peer-to-peer distribution of intellectual property." | dan_Latn | 19,596 |
Rights Groups Say Republicans Aim to Suppress Vote | Civil rights groups representing blacks, Hispanics and the disabled accused Republican Party workers on Thursday of trying to keep U.S. minorities from voting. | A privacy advocate who is suing the government for allegedly forcing airlines to ID passengers is pressing to have his case aired publicly. Government attorneys, meanwhile, want the court to hear their arguments in secret. By Ryan Singel. | eng_Latn | 19,597 |
Thoughts on free speech | "Our system is based on freedom of speech," said Nathan Melton of Spanish Fork. Whether people agree with someone's opinions or not, each person has the right to be heard. | A public school board in Georgia violated the U.S. Constitution when it placed stickers that challenge the theory of evolution on biology textbooks two years ago, a lawyer for a group of parents said on Friday. | eng_Latn | 19,598 |
Pledges made to double the number of female and minority members of the organisation behind the Oscars have been welcomed by Hollywood figures. | Actor Don Cheadle called the measures "a step in the right direction".
Oscar nominee Matt Damon also praised the initiatives, but added the industry had "a long, long, long way to go".
Academy president Cheryl Boone Isaacs announced the changes following a backlash over the lack of diversity in this year's Oscar nominations.
The all-white line-up in the four acting categories prompted director Spike Lee, actress Jada Pinkett Smith and her husband Will Smith to announce they would not be attending next month's awards.
Three new seats will be added to the Academy's board of governors to improve diversity in leadership, while voting rights will be stripped from those who have not been active in the industry for the past decade.
"The Academy is going to lead and not wait for the industry to catch up," Cheryl Boone Isaacs said in a statement.
"These new measures regarding governance and voting will have an immediate impact and begin the process of significantly changing our membership composition."
Speaking at the Sundance Film Festival in Utah, Cheadle said he applauded the Academy's attempts to do something about an issue that has threatened to overshadow this year's ceremony.
"But people really have to have access to tell the stories they want to tell," he continued.
"So what we really need is people in positions to greenlight those stories, not a hunk of metal."
Writing on Twitter, Selma director Ava DuVernay - whose omission from last year's best director shortlist was the source of some controversy - said "shame [was] a helluva motivator".
"Marginalised artists have advocated for Academy change for DECADES," she continued, claiming their calls had been met with "deaf ears [and] closed minds".
The film-maker said the new measures represented "one good step in a long, complicated journey for people of colour [and] women artists".
Spike Lee also expressed qualified support for the new measures, describing them as "a start".
"I commend the Academy for what they've done," he continued, while reiterating his own pledge that he would not be attending on 28 February.
Damon, who is up for best actor for his role in The Martian, said the moves were "a wonderful first step" but said Hollywood must do "much, much, much more'' to more accurately reflect society.
Meanwhile, the producer of this year's Academy Awards telecast has confirmed that Chris Rock will host the 28 February ceremony as planned.
The comedian had faced calls to relinquish the role in protest against the lack of diversity in this year's nominees.
Rock, said producer Reginald Hudlin, was hard at work rewriting material for next month's show to reflect the fact that "things [had] got a little provocative".
Hudlin, who was Oscar-nominated as producer of 2012's Django Unchained, said he was confident Rock would "deliver something that people will be talking about for weeks".
Dustin Hoffman, Sir Michael Caine and Oscar nominee Charlotte Rampling are among those to have offered opinions in recent days on the Oscars diversity row.
Their ranks have been joined by Dame Joan Collins, who has turned to Twitter to express her displeasure at Lee's description of the Oscars as a "lilly white" [sic] event.
"I'm a voting Oscar member [and] I nominated Idris Elba for [his] great performance in Beasts [of No Nation]," she told her followers on Saturday.
"So I resent members being called Lilywhite#wrong."
Nelson Mandela's daughter Maki, meanwhile, has called the protests about the lack of black actors in this year's nominees "very significant".
"You have to understand that the struggle of oppressed people anywhere in the world is a struggle of oppressed people around the world," she told John Pienaar on BBC Radio 5 live's Pienaar's Politics.
"You can't say that I am only concerned about my own backyard." | Only 10% of boys from the poorest fifth of areas enter higher education, official statistics show.
Universities Minister Jo Johnson said too many students were missing out and universities needed to do more.
Director of Fair Access Professor Les Ebdon said no one with the potential to go to university should be deterred from going because of their background.
However, poor white boys are also among the lowest achievers at school and are less likely to take A-levels than richer pupils.
The guidance comes just weeks after the Prime Minister announced universities would have to publish data on the backgrounds of their applicants.
All universities which charge more than £6,000 a year for tuition fees are required to draw up an agreement showing how they will improve access for disadvantaged groups.
Under these new plans, they will have to set themselves specific targets for recruiting such under-represented groups. These will then have to be agreed by the Office of Fair Access in the usual way.
Mr Johnson said: "We are asking universities to go further and faster than ever before, especially the most selective institutions.
"This guidance for the first time identifies the groups of students where most attention is needed, such as white boys from the poorest homes and students with specific learning difficulties.
"We want to see smarter spending from universities, with more outreach into neighbourhoods with low university entry rates, and much deeper partnerships with local schools."
Universities will also be required to: | eng_Latn | 19,599 |
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