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Automated distillation procedure for the determination of nitrogen
|
A distillation step has been incorporated into the automated determination of ammonia by the indophenol method.By this means the application of the method has been extended, and interference from metal ions and the need for dialysis of turbid solutions have been eliminated. The reliability of the method has been improved without loss of speed.
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A purely deterministic approach to the LMS (least mean square)-Newton algorithm for adaptive filters is proposed. A QR-decomposition method for solving the algorithm's equations is described. Simulations using fixed-point arithmetic are provided, which confirm the good numerical characteristics of the method. A variable convergence factor is also discussed which is optimum in the sense that the output a posteriori error is zero. >
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eng_Latn
| 32,900 |
BRIEF ANALYSIS OF RECIPE OPTIMIZATION OF PRE-BAKED ANODE
|
In the pre-baked anode production, the quality of green anode is very important, especially the density and compressive strength, these key targets of green anode are directionally dependent on the recipe. The optimum recipe will be achieved according to the optimization of recipe, industry production testing, control of technic parameters and monitor of pre-baked anode quality.
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THE INVENTION CONCERNS A CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR ANAEROBIC REACTOR SYSTEM. THE TOUR INCLUDES FILTER 16 ESTIMATE THAT RECEIVES INPUT SIGNAL SENSOR PRODUCTS AN ESTIMATE OF THE PRESENT VALUE A VARIABLE IN THE SYSTEM, COMPARE THAT ESTIMATE FOR A SIGNAL SENSOR THE VARIABLE AND PRODUCT OF THAT COMPARISON, SIGNAL ERROR dIFFERENCE IS TO COMBINE THE RECEIVED SIGNAL and reapplied INTEGRATOR, A DISPOSAL OF A BIAS LONG TERM THAT MAY BE PRESENT IN AT LEAST ONE OF SIGNALS rECEIVED, SUCH ELIMINATOR INCLUDING HIGH PASS FILTER BY 53 OR rECEIVED INPUT SIGNALS ARE TRANSMITTED TO THE iNTEGRATOR 58, SUCH FILTER HIGH PASS THAT REJECTING THE BIAS PERSISTS FOR A PERIOD CONSIDERABLY LONGER THAN THE TIME cONSTANT SYSTEM. APPLY THE iNVENTION INCLUDING THE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER.
|
yue_Hant
| 32,901 |
Computer-automated CO2-laser long-path absorption system for air quality monitoring in the working environment.
|
A compact computer-controlled CO2-laser long-path absorption system has been developed. It is specifically designed to monitor gaseous pollutants in the working environment. The instrument uses a closed-cycle cooling system for the lasers and operates with room-temperature pyroelectric detectors. The high degree of automation and the compact design make the system easy to use. It has been used to measure several different species such as ammonia and methyl ethyl ketone in various industrial environments.
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The design of multivariable systems can be approached with many different design objectives. An appealing approach from a mathematical point of view is to describe the dynamics of plant and compensator in state-spaco form, transform the resulting augmented system into a problem involving a system performance index such as pole assignment, and apply optimization techniques to choose compensator parameters. This paper develops a methodology whereby exact or partial pole assignment under variations of plant characteristics is incorporated into the system performance index. Through calculations of the gradients of the performance index with respect to compensator parameters, one is able to apply derivative optimization methods to the design problem. Examples are provided to illustrate the design methodology.
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eng_Latn
| 32,902 |
Practical Analog And Digital Filter Design
|
Introduction to Filters and Filter Design Software. Analog Filter Approximation Functions. Analog Lowpass, Highpass, Bandpass, and Bandstop Filters. Analog Filter Implementation Using Active Filters. Introduction to Discrete-Time Systems. Infinite Impulse Response Digital Filter Design. Finite Impulse Response Digital Filter Design. Digital Filter Implementation Using C. Digital Filtering Using the FFT. Appendices.
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Remote control learning type with a circuit which is connected to a supply voltage, the circuit comprising: a) an infrared (IR) diode, said IR diode being sensitive to received light, and is capable of / voltages in response to the received light to generate photocurrents; b) a switch responsive to an associated drive signal, said switch selectively connects the IR diode with the supply voltage and separates therefrom, to provide an output IR signal in response to the drive signal; and c) an amplifier connected to said IR diode to photocurrents / voltages to supply in response to light which is directed to the IR diode, said IR diode only functions as a light receiver when the switch the IR diode switches off so that it does not respond to the drive signal.
|
kor_Hang
| 32,903 |
CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKERS FOR HYPERTENSION : UNCERTAINTY CONTINUES
|
After the introduction of calcium-channel blockers into clinical practice nearly two decades ago, prescriptions for these drugs for the treatment of hypertension increased to the point where they b...
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THE INVENTION CONCERNS A CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR ANAEROBIC REACTOR SYSTEM. THE TOUR INCLUDES FILTER 16 ESTIMATE THAT RECEIVES INPUT SIGNAL SENSOR PRODUCTS AN ESTIMATE OF THE PRESENT VALUE A VARIABLE IN THE SYSTEM, COMPARE THAT ESTIMATE FOR A SIGNAL SENSOR THE VARIABLE AND PRODUCT OF THAT COMPARISON, SIGNAL ERROR dIFFERENCE IS TO COMBINE THE RECEIVED SIGNAL and reapplied INTEGRATOR, A DISPOSAL OF A BIAS LONG TERM THAT MAY BE PRESENT IN AT LEAST ONE OF SIGNALS rECEIVED, SUCH ELIMINATOR INCLUDING HIGH PASS FILTER BY 53 OR rECEIVED INPUT SIGNALS ARE TRANSMITTED TO THE iNTEGRATOR 58, SUCH FILTER HIGH PASS THAT REJECTING THE BIAS PERSISTS FOR A PERIOD CONSIDERABLY LONGER THAN THE TIME cONSTANT SYSTEM. APPLY THE iNVENTION INCLUDING THE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER.
|
yue_Hant
| 32,904 |
Design and Implementation of Airplane Power BIT System
|
In order to improve the reliability of a power system,this article talks a power BIT system and it's a hardware and software design.This system whose design is based on the power system characteristics uses DSP chip TMS320F2812 as the core of control circuit.The main control circuit and communication circuit of the hardware circuit are introduced particularly.This article also gives the function and implementation of the software and a typical flow chart of a certain processing.It has been proved in practical application that the use of the DSP chip simplifies the external circuitry,reduces power consumption and is able to make the system accomplish airplane power Built-in-test task reliably with high precision.
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This paper analyses the DCS control logic of Unit 10 in Shaoguan Power Plant, pointing out the flaws in the outlet temperature control logic of the first stage super heater, the measurement of the protect signal and the control logic of boiler feed water pumps, and gives its improvement as well. So the DCS control logic can satisfy the operation of the unit.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,905 |
Upgrading and Reforming for Control System of Combustion Gas Turbine
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Author has introduced the technical features for the operating system MARK VI of combustion gas turbine from aspects of Human Machine Interface,control function,protection system,starting-up permission and shutdown interlock etc.;has briefly described the reformation process and the correction method for control system from MARK IV to MARK VI;has presented the operating steps and requirement for starting the MARK VI system;has analyzed the problems to be solved after upgrading and reforming;has commented the operating effect after upgrading and reforming.Result indicates that the operation by computer is realized from CRT to HMI in the control system of combustion gas,the control level and the operation level are increased for the computer system in all directions.
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In this paper, by using the coefficient mapping from plant to GPC closed-loop system in the IMC structure, the stability conditions for closed-loop system with respect to selection of tuning parameters are derived. Furthermore, some simple conditions described by step response coefficients for tuning parameters which guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system are also obtained.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,906 |
A 10-b 320-MS/s Dual-Residue Pipelined SAR ADC with Binary Search Current Interpolator
|
This paper presents a 10-bit 320-MS/s dual-residue pipelined SAR ADC. In the proposed ADC, an open-loop gain stage is employed without any calibration by relaxing the offset, gain, and linearity requirements of the inter-stage residue amplifier. Also, a binary search current interpolation is proposed for further quantization of the two residue signals. With a gm-cell residue amplifier and two 5-bit current interpolators, the second stage SAR operation is performed using a single comparator. The prototype ADC is fabricated in a 28 nm CMOS process with an active die area of 0.015$m m^{2}$. Operating at a sampling rate of 320 MHz, the ADC achieves a SNDR and a SFDR of 54.0 dB and 66.4 dB, respectively, at the Nyquist input frequency. It consumes 5.45 mW at a 1.0 V supply voltage, resulting in a Nyquist FoM of 41.6 fJ/conversion-step.
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THE INVENTION CONCERNS A CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR ANAEROBIC REACTOR SYSTEM. THE TOUR INCLUDES FILTER 16 ESTIMATE THAT RECEIVES INPUT SIGNAL SENSOR PRODUCTS AN ESTIMATE OF THE PRESENT VALUE A VARIABLE IN THE SYSTEM, COMPARE THAT ESTIMATE FOR A SIGNAL SENSOR THE VARIABLE AND PRODUCT OF THAT COMPARISON, SIGNAL ERROR dIFFERENCE IS TO COMBINE THE RECEIVED SIGNAL and reapplied INTEGRATOR, A DISPOSAL OF A BIAS LONG TERM THAT MAY BE PRESENT IN AT LEAST ONE OF SIGNALS rECEIVED, SUCH ELIMINATOR INCLUDING HIGH PASS FILTER BY 53 OR rECEIVED INPUT SIGNALS ARE TRANSMITTED TO THE iNTEGRATOR 58, SUCH FILTER HIGH PASS THAT REJECTING THE BIAS PERSISTS FOR A PERIOD CONSIDERABLY LONGER THAN THE TIME cONSTANT SYSTEM. APPLY THE iNVENTION INCLUDING THE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,907 |
Electrodynamic analysis and synthesis of selective devices based on thin diaphragms in ridge waveguides
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Problems of analysis and synthesis of microwave selective devices are solved in the case when such devices are the bandpass filters based on thin plane transverse metal diaphragms in ridge waveguides. The vector eigenfunctions and cutoff wave numbers of waveguides are calculated with the help of the partial-domain method taking into account the edge singularity of the electromagnetic field. The multimode scattering matrices of a cascade connection of reentrant resonators are calculated with allowance for the interaction of irregularities via higher modes of evanescent H and E waves in a waveguide. The amplitude-frequency and phase characteristics and the dimensions of synthesized bandpass filters are presented for the case of Π and H-waveguides.
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Aiming at the requirements in running efficiently and high accuracy handling data timely,the login system,communication module,database storage and reading,relay verification module,report generation and printing.were designed.The working principle and composition of the calibration device were introduced.The upper computer software of microprocessor relay protection's trippingoperation-board intelligent calibration device was developed based on graphical LabVIEW language and database programming technology to realize the function of each part.The results indicate that the software can complete returning the relay operating board calibration value and action value efficiently,and has a multi-function interface.The software has been successfully applied in this device.
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eng_Latn
| 32,908 |
A motor controller and an electric power steering device
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A signal generating section 24 includes a second calculating section 35 that corrects phase resistance. The calculating section 35 stores resistance values Ru, Rv, Rw of phases that have been measured in advance and a reference resistance value R. The calculating section 35 calculates correction components µd, µq, which cancel a voltage drop term of a voltage equation of a d-q coordinate system changing depending on the rotation angle ¸ of the motor 12, based on the stored resistance values Ru, Rv, Rw and the reference resistance value R. The signal generating section 24 superimposes the correction component µd and the correction component µq on a d-axis voltage command value Vd* and a q-axis voltage command value Vq*, respectively. The d-axis voltage command value Vd* and the q-axis voltage command value Vq* are thus corrected in such a manner as to suppress a torque ripple caused by difference among the resistance values of the phases.
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According to air conditioning disease infestations,the rural family cannot afford air-conditioning and cooling problems,this paper designs a simple environment-protecting energy-saving refrigeration device,including:water pump,fan,box,grass block component,for one of the most important water pump design and type selection,this paper mainly spread out analysis and design.This device has many advantages,such as environmental protection,energy saving,health,convenience,low cost and so on
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eng_Latn
| 32,909 |
For an elevator system actuating device
|
The present invention includes a terminal for connection to a three-phase AC power supply for supplying AC power supply voltage (3) (L1, L2, L3, N), is connected to these terminals (L1, L2, L3, N) and a driving device (4) for driving the elevator system of the motor (5) relates to the actuating device for an elevator system (1) (2). Transformer (10) is connected to at least two terminals (L1, L2, L3, N), and supplies at least one supply voltage (V1 to V5) to the remainder of the elevator system (1). In emergency operation of the elevator system, the auxiliary power supply unit having an output supplying an auxiliary output voltage (VOUT) (21) (20), is connected to the transformer (10), the drive device via the transformer (10) (4) to generate an auxiliary supply voltage to be supplied (VS). Actuating device according to the invention (2) may be incorporated into an existing actuator design only requires a slight modification.
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s: A novel control and realization method of automatic register controller for gravure printing is presented according to the working feature of gravure printing press.A new controller system is developed with multiple 80C196KC embeded controller and a personal computer.The applications of the control system in practice show that the printing precision and printing speed of the all kinds of gravure printing press can be improved greatly with the help of the controller system,so it has good application foreground.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,910 |
The Hot-Wire Anemometer/Anemometr Z Grzanym Włóknem
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This study analyses the behaviour of a hot-wire anemometer incorporated into a bridge circuit in the function of the voltage U z supplying the bridge circuit and hence the current I w flowing through the hot wire. The dependence of differential voltage Δ U on I w and the value of derivative d (Δ U )/ dI w as a function of the current supplying the hot-wire element were determined. These data enable the determination of working conditions of the constant-resistance (i.e. the constant-temperature) hot-wire anemometer.
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THE INVENTION CONCERNS A CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR ANAEROBIC REACTOR SYSTEM. THE TOUR INCLUDES FILTER 16 ESTIMATE THAT RECEIVES INPUT SIGNAL SENSOR PRODUCTS AN ESTIMATE OF THE PRESENT VALUE A VARIABLE IN THE SYSTEM, COMPARE THAT ESTIMATE FOR A SIGNAL SENSOR THE VARIABLE AND PRODUCT OF THAT COMPARISON, SIGNAL ERROR dIFFERENCE IS TO COMBINE THE RECEIVED SIGNAL and reapplied INTEGRATOR, A DISPOSAL OF A BIAS LONG TERM THAT MAY BE PRESENT IN AT LEAST ONE OF SIGNALS rECEIVED, SUCH ELIMINATOR INCLUDING HIGH PASS FILTER BY 53 OR rECEIVED INPUT SIGNALS ARE TRANSMITTED TO THE iNTEGRATOR 58, SUCH FILTER HIGH PASS THAT REJECTING THE BIAS PERSISTS FOR A PERIOD CONSIDERABLY LONGER THAN THE TIME cONSTANT SYSTEM. APPLY THE iNVENTION INCLUDING THE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER.
|
pol_Latn
| 32,911 |
DESIGN AND ANALYslS OF A )(ECHANICAL APPARATUS SIMULATOR
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In this work. an equipment to simulate several t orque-sped characteristics is studied. The proposed system may be used either as a load to test AC drives or as a mechanical power source for variable speed electric power generation systems studies. This simulator consists on a separ ate1 y-exci ted JX machi ne whose the armature circuit are fed by a four-quadrant chopper. The contr 01 al gor i thm perf or ms tasks related to set-point t orque determination through the measurements of the speed and acceleration rate calculation. The proposed system is described in detail and the design aspects are presented. The digital simulation results are compared with the experimental results to warrant the ability of the contr ol strategies.
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This paper deals with a hydro turbine emulator for micro hydro power plants analysis at laboratory level. The This paper deals with a hydro turbine emulator for micro hydro power plants analysis at laboratory level. The This paper deals with a hydro turbine emulator for micro hydro power plants analysis at laboratory level. The
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yue_Hant
| 32,912 |
Novel active PID controller employing VDTA
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Simple Realizations of Current-Mode and Voltage-Mode PID, PI and PD Controllers
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Deep-learning: A potential method for tuberculosis detection using chest radiography
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eng_Latn
| 32,913 |
this is the designed pid controller and i am using TL084 op-amps which has +15 volts and -15 volts as their supply. when the error is generated, due to integrator the control signal(Vc) output is going to saturation point of nearly 15 volts. I want Vc to be in the range of (0.85-3.8 volts), so that i can give this to SG3524 PWM IC to generate constant duty ratio PWM pulses. I tried by putting zener diode of 3.3 volt rating, but now Vc is coming upto 3.5 volts(basically saturation limit has come down to 3.5 volts) . The problem is how to limt the Vc to the specified range. Can any one please suggest modifications for proper design of anti-windup working scheme of this. Here VFb=-3 volts and VRef= 3 volts
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I want to implement designed PID controller. But I am facing the problem of how to limit the saturation limit in both positive and negative direction? I tried using zener diode, but I would like to know if are there any design procedures to get anti-wind up scheme in the implementation of PID controller using zener/diode combination? EDIT: this is the designed pid controller and i am using TL084 op-amps which has +15 volts and -15 volts as their supply. when the error is generated, due to integrator the control signal(Vc) output is going to saturation point of nearly 15 volts. I want Vc to be in the range of (0.85-3.8 volts), so that i can give this to SG3524 PWM IC to generate constant duty ratio PWM pulses. I tried by putting zener diode of 3.3 volt rating, but now Vc is coming upto 3.5 volts(basically saturation limit has come down to 3.5 volts) . The problem is how to limt the Vc to the specified range. Can any one please suggest modifications for proper design of anti-windup working scheme of this. Here VFb=-3 volts and VRef= 3 volts
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I want to implement designed PID controller. But I am facing the problem of how to limit the saturation limit in both positive and negative direction? I tried using zener diode, but I would like to know if are there any design procedures to get anti-wind up scheme in the implementation of PID controller using zener/diode combination? EDIT: this is the designed pid controller and i am using TL084 op-amps which has +15 volts and -15 volts as their supply. when the error is generated, due to integrator the control signal(Vc) output is going to saturation point of nearly 15 volts. I want Vc to be in the range of (0.85-3.8 volts), so that i can give this to SG3524 PWM IC to generate constant duty ratio PWM pulses. I tried by putting zener diode of 3.3 volt rating, but now Vc is coming upto 3.5 volts(basically saturation limit has come down to 3.5 volts) . The problem is how to limt the Vc to the specified range. Can any one please suggest modifications for proper design of anti-windup working scheme of this. Here VFb=-3 volts and VRef= 3 volts
|
eng_Latn
| 32,914 |
Can someone explain me the working of this boost converter and the function of individual components. Please. I am unable to understand. Why are the transistors connected to the MOSFET. What purpose do they serve? Can someone explain me one cycle of the output current path, please? The data sheet for IC1 can be found
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I am using this IC in boost converter configuration : It steps up the voltage from 16.5V to 23V. It drives a load current of 270mA. I need to calculate the input current of the converter. I understand that output power/input power is efficiency. Since I know the output power, can I take the efficiency value from the graph 21 of the attached datasheet (86.8% approx - obtained from fig 21 graph) and find the input power? With the input power, and since I know the input voltage, I can calculate the input current. Is this the right way? And I want to check if all the components at the output of the IC are properly rated. Which parameters and components should I check and how to check? Sorry for the poor image quality. The two transistors are taken from the SWE pin.
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I built a simple bridge rectifier. – Schematic created using I connected the output of the function generator with CH1 of my oscilloscope and with the input of the rectifier (using a T-Piece). The output goes into CH2. The original wave looks like this: After connecting CH2 the picture looks like this: While CH2 looks good, CH1 now shows the wave I would expect without capacitator but not the expected original wave. Could somebody explain why? I'm using a Gwinstek GDS-1072A-U Oscilloscope and a Gwinstek SFG-1003 function generator.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,915 |
Above is a zener diode circuit used for voltage regulation. In Art or Electronics textbook theres a following exercise about choosing the right zener: Always Vz = Vout and 10mA is the zener current wanted; so R = (Vin(max) - Vz) / 10mA = (25 - 10) / 10mA = 1.5k Ohm. and for Pz = ( Vin(max) - Vout) / R - Iout(min) ) * Vz Pz = ( (25 - 10) / 1.5k - 0mA ) * 10 = 100mW But actually if we can use Pz = Vz * Iz Pz = 10V * 10mA = 100mW I found different answers to this question in different forums. Am I doing something wrong here?
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I'm having trouble understanding the simple voltage regulator that can be built using a zener diode (from section 2.04 in the Art of Electronics). I know that it would be better to use amplifiers, et cetera, but I'm just trying to understand how this circuit works. I don't really understand how the circuit works, but I am guessing that when a load is applied to the output, it drains current from the source (Vin) and thus causes the voltage to drop? How does the zener diode help to maintain the voltage and thus make this circuit act as a regulator?
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Let $R$ be a finite ring with unity. Prove that every nonzero element of $R$ is either a unit or a zero-divisor.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,916 |
what is meant by programmable digital power supply using 8051 microcontroller?
|
Ok break it down:\n1) A power supply converts AC power (110 in the states) to some other required voltage. For this (lab) project I'd presume a DC regulated voltage from, say 1.5 to 15V something like that.\n\n2) Digital and programmable means you'd control the output voltage with some sort of digital signal like up/down buttons, a keypad, or a PC hookup.\n\n3) You are supposed to use an 8051 to accomplish this.\n\nSo there are several ways to do this. One way would be to have the 8051 accept a command to set the voltage and produce a PWM signal. Let's say the PWM signal is a 5V output switched from 0 to 100%. You can use an RC filter to produce 0V to 5V from this signal. If your instructor is nice, you could argue that this meets the criteria -- especially if you use it to drive a pass transistor to develop some serious current (but your voltage is now 0V to 4.3V because of the BE drop).\n\nBut I'd instead use an op amp with gain X3 (plus a little extra) so that I got from 0 to 15.7V and then use the pass transistor. Another idea would be to use the voltage to drive a simple current source which would program a LM317 voltage regulator.\n\nWeb searches on things like LM317, PWM, and "pass transistor" are your friends here.
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which port does it control? sometime you can buy pcmcia cards to do some functions. you wont find an individual chip whithout full numbers. and good luck soldering. MIKE
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eng_Latn
| 32,917 |
tell me about how to reduce pH of water sample during waste water treatment without any chemical?
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The only way I would suggest is just give some bribe to the person who is analyzing your water sample. If you can't manage that then email to me on [email protected] since there are hundreds of other loopholes to get out of it from Govt Agency like (Pollution Control Board).
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Ok break it down:\n1) A power supply converts AC power (110 in the states) to some other required voltage. For this (lab) project I'd presume a DC regulated voltage from, say 1.5 to 15V something like that.\n\n2) Digital and programmable means you'd control the output voltage with some sort of digital signal like up/down buttons, a keypad, or a PC hookup.\n\n3) You are supposed to use an 8051 to accomplish this.\n\nSo there are several ways to do this. One way would be to have the 8051 accept a command to set the voltage and produce a PWM signal. Let's say the PWM signal is a 5V output switched from 0 to 100%. You can use an RC filter to produce 0V to 5V from this signal. If your instructor is nice, you could argue that this meets the criteria -- especially if you use it to drive a pass transistor to develop some serious current (but your voltage is now 0V to 4.3V because of the BE drop).\n\nBut I'd instead use an op amp with gain X3 (plus a little extra) so that I got from 0 to 15.7V and then use the pass transistor. Another idea would be to use the voltage to drive a simple current source which would program a LM317 voltage regulator.\n\nWeb searches on things like LM317, PWM, and "pass transistor" are your friends here.
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eng_Latn
| 32,918 |
Segment linkage in Afar via magma intrusion: the birth of a transform fault?
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Capturing magma intrusion and faulting processes during continental rupture: seismicity of the Dabbahu (Afar) rift
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Lack of Marburg Virus Transmission From Experimentally Infected to Susceptible In-Contact Egyptian Fruit Bats.
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eng_Latn
| 32,919 |
Experimental modeling of strike-slip faults and the self-similar behavior
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Modes of fault reactivation from analogue modeling experiments: implications for the seismotectonics of the southern Adriatic foreland (Italy)
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SNARE Function Is Not Involved in Early Endosome Docking
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eng_Latn
| 32,920 |
Forward directivity near-fault and far-fault ground motion effects on the responses of tall reinforced concrete walls with buckling-restrained brace outriggers
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Effect of record scaling on the behavior of reinforced concrete core-wall buildings subjected to near-fault and far-fault earthquakes
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No evidence for apparent extent between parallels as the basis of the Poggendorff effect
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eng_Latn
| 32,921 |
An improved method for determining the regional stress tensor using earthquake focal mechanism data
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tructural evidence for strike-slip deformation in the İzmir – Balıkesir transfer one and consequences for late Cenozoic evolution of western Anatolia ( Turkey )
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Notice of RetractionA truly meshless model for analysis of micro-stresses in fibrous composite materials
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eng_Latn
| 32,922 |
Hierarchical properties of a stress field and its relation to fault displacements
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chievements of tectonophysics research in Russia : Present status and erspective éalisations dans la recherche en tectonophysique , en Russie . État actuel et perspectives
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Notice of RetractionA truly meshless model for analysis of micro-stresses in fibrous composite materials
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eng_Latn
| 32,923 |
The potential vulnerability of old unreinforced masonry buildings, designed with little or no consideration for seismic-design requirements, is well documented. In regions without seismic retrofit ordinances prescribing a specific method to evaluate existing unreinforced masonry buildings, engineers have generally resorted to either conservative methods or various advanced analytical models. Although some approaches have received broader acceptance than others, there is still no consensus among practising engineers in North America. To provide perspective on the spectrum of strategies available and a clear overview of the state-of-the-art on this topic, this paper (i) presents the theoretical background and practical applications of a new procedure to evaluate unreinforced masonry bearing wall buildings, developed in California and recently integrated into the new Canadian Guidelines for the Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings, and (ii) summarizes the findings from other recent experimental and analy...
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In order to assess the seismic risk for Switzerland, and particularly for the city of Basel, the seismic vulnerability of the existing buildings needs to be evaluated. Since no major damaging earthquake has occurred in Switzerland in recent times, vulnerability functions from observed damage patterns are not available. A simple evaluation method based on engineering models of the building structures suitable for the evaluation of a larger number of buildings is therefore proposed. The method is based on a nonlinear static approach acknowledging the importance of the nonlinear deformation capacity of the buildings subjected to seismic action. Eighty-seven residential buildings in a small target area in Basel were evaluated. The results are vulnerability functions that express the expected damage as a function of the spectral displacement. In order to extrapolate the results to other residential areas of the town, building classes were defined for which the vulnerability is presented in a probabili...
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Complete and partial anal incontinence and complete rectal prolapse tax the ingenuity of the surgeon and the well-being of his patient. Electromyographic evaluation of the sphincter has been helpful in rehabilitating it where possible or in selecting an appropriate surgical repair procedure when indicated.
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eng_Latn
| 32,924 |
In our previous research, a complex behavior in two coupled chaotic circuits related with intermittency has been investigated. This paper provides modeling of the complex behavior using 1D map derived from the subcircuit and occurrence probabilities of different states. The 1D map is shown to be useful to make clear the statistical properties of laminar parts. Further, the basin of initial values attracted to the different states is shown to give the information of the occurrence probabilities of the states.
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On-off intermittency is an aperiodic switching between static, or laminar, behavior and chaotic bursts of oscillation. It can be generated by systems having an unstable invariant (or quasi-invariant) manifold, within which is found a suitable attractor. We clarify the roles of such attractors in producing intermittency, provide examples, and relate them to previous work.
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Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child.
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eng_Latn
| 32,925 |
Macroseismic fields of the main Friuli shocks of 1976
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Estimation of Depth and Attenuation of Earthquakes in Bolivia
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Skull-fixated fiducial markers improve accuracy in staged frameless stereotactic epilepsy surgery in children
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eng_Latn
| 32,926 |
A RECIPE TO GENERATE PHYSICALLY CONSISTENT EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE MODELS FOR GROUND MOTION PREDICTION
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What Can Strong-Motion Data Tell Us about Slip-Weakening Fault-Friction Laws?
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Self-insight into emotional and cognitive abilities is not related to higher adjustment
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yue_Hant
| 32,927 |
We describe the theoretical and experimental investigation of the ring (toroidal) shock wave near the axis of symmetry. The theoretical approach is based upon the Chester-Chisnell-Whitman method. The experimental toroidal shock wave is generated by a novel induced and visualized by the shadow technique
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Oblique shock reflection from an axis of symmetry is studied using Whitham's theory of geometrical shock dynamics, and the results are compared with previous numerical simulations of the phenomenon by Hornung (2000). The shock shapes (for strong and weak shocks), and the location of the shock-shock (for strong shocks), are in good agreement with the numerical results, though the detail of the shock reflection structure is, of course, not resolved by shock dynamics. A guess at a mathematical form of the shock shape based on an analogy with the Guderley singularity in cylindrical shock implosion, in the form of a generalized hyperbola, fits the shock shape very well. The smooth variation of the exponent in this equation with initial shock angle from the Guderley value at zero to 0.5 at 90° supports the analogy. Finally, steady-flow shock reflection from a symmetry axis is related to the self-similar flow.
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Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 32,928 |
The dense continuous GPS network of Japan, now called GEONET, has been operated since 1994 by the Geographical Survey Institute. GEONET provides precise daily coordinates of all the stations, with which displacement rates and strain rates are calculated nationwide. Various characteristics of tectonic deformation in the Japanese Is-lands have been revealed. GEONET is also quite useful in earthquake studies, precisely detecting co-seismic, post-seismic, and inter-seismic deformation signals. These observations are utilized to infer physical processes at earthquake sources. Slow slip events on plate boundaries have been found from GPS data. Such slow events provide an important constraint on the mechanism of faulting. On the other hand, there has been no success in detecting pre-seismic deformation. Lack of a precursory signal before the 2003 Tokachi-Oki (M8.0) earthquake has posed a serious question to short-term earthquake prediction. GEONET enables a good linkage between monitoring and modeling studies, opening a possibility of practical data assimilation. For further contribution to earthquake studies, it is necessary to continue GEONET with high traceability on the details in observation and analysis.
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A JERS 1 differential L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferogram of the March 26,1997 Kagoshima-ken-hokuseibu earthquake (Mw=6.1) in southwestern Japan shows about 9 cm peak-to-peak coseismic surface displacement in the radar line-of-sight (LOS) direction. A permanent GPS array detected 1 to 2 cm horizontal displacements from this earthquake. By inverting the SAR and GPS data together, we estimated a fault mechanism without any seismological data. A theoretical radar LOS displacement pattern from a single fault model of the earthquake motion matches the SAR and GPS observations closely. The model assumes left lateral slip of 0.46 cm with rake angle of 19° on a rectangular fault plane of dimensions 11 km (width) by 12 km (length). We demonstrate that L-band SAR interferometry can describe several cm surface displacement in detail and construct a fault model. However, despite the acquisitions being during the cold season, there are apparent water vapor signatures in the interferogram with equivalent path delays of up to 1.5 cm.
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We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
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eng_Latn
| 32,929 |
In the present work, unsteady RANS simulations were performed to clarify several interesting features of the unsteady three-dimensional flow field in a turbine stage. The unsteady effect was investigated for two cases of axial spacing between stator and rotor, i.e. large and small axial spacing. Simulation results showed that the stator wake was convected from pressure side to suction side in the rotor. As a result, another secondary flow, which counter-rotated against the passage vortices, was periodically generated by the stator wake passing through the rotor passage. It was found that turbine stage efficiency with the small axial spacing was higher than that with the large axial spacing. This was because the stator wake in the small axial spacing case entered the rotor before mixing and induced the stronger counter-rotating vortices to suppress the passage vortices more effectively, while the wake in the large axial spacing case eventually promoted the growth of the secondary flow near the hub due to the migration of the wake towards the hub.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
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A previously unidentified loss producing mechanism resulting from the interaction of a transonic rotor blade-row with an upstream stator blade-row is described. This additional loss occurs only when the two blade rows are spaced closer together axially. Time-accurate simulations of the flow and high-response static pressure measurements acquired on the stator blade surface reveal important aspects of the fluid dynamics of the production of this additional loss. At close spacing the rotor bow shock is chopped by the stator trailing edge. The chopped bow shock becomes a pressure wave on the upper surface of the stator that is nearly normal to the flow and that propagates upstream. In the reference frame relative to this pressure wave, the flow is supersonic and thus a moving shock wave that produces an entropy rise and loss is experienced. The effect of this outcome of blade-row interaction is to lower the efficiency, pressure ratio, and mass flow rate observed as blade-row axial spacing is reduced from far to close. The magnitude of loss production is affected by the strength of the bow shock and how much it turns as it interacts with the trailing edge of the stator. At far spacing the rotor bow shock degenerates into a bow wave before it interacts with the stator trailing edge and no significant pressure wave forms on the stator upper surface. For this condition, no additional loss is produced.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
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During the Chilean earthquakes of May, 1960, a number of tall, slender structures survived the ground shaking whereas more stable appearing structures were severely damaged. An analysis is made of the rocking motion of structures of inverted pendulum type. It is shown that there is a scale effect which makes tall slender structures more stable against overturning than might have been expected, and, therefore, the survival of such structures during earthquakes is not surprising.
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eng_Latn
| 32,930 |
In 1999, the eastern coastline of the Marmara region (Turkey) witnessed increased seismic activity on the North Anatolian fault (NAF) system with two damaging earthquakes ( M 7.4 Kocaeli and M 7.2 Duzce) that occurred almost three months apart. These events have reduced stress on the western segment of the NAF where it continues under the Marmara Sea. The undersea fault segments have been recently explored using bathymetric and reflection surveys. These recent findings helped scientists to understand the seismotectonic environment of the Marmara basin, which has remained a perplexing tectonic domain. On the basis of collected new data, seismic hazard of the Marmara region is reassessed using a probabilistic approach. Two different earthquake source models: (1) the smoothed-gridded seismicity model and (2) fault model and alternate magnitude-frequency relations, Gutenberg–Richter and characteristic, were used with local and imported ground-motion-prediction equations. Regional exposure is computed and quantified on a set of hazard maps that provide peak horizontal ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration at 0.2 and 1.0 sec on uniform firm-rock site condition (760 m/sec average shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m). These acceleration levels were computed for ground motions having 2% and 10% probabilities of exceedance in 50 yr, corresponding to return periods of about 2475 and 475 yr, respectively. The maximum PGA computed (at rock site) is 1.5 g along the fault segments of the NAF zone extending into the Marmara Sea. The new maps generally show 10% to 15% increase for PGA, 0.2 and 1.0 sec spectral acceleration values across much of Marmara compared to previous regional hazard maps. Hazard curves and smooth design spectra for three site conditions: rock, soil, and soft-soil are provided for the Istanbul metropolitan area as possible tools in future risk estimates.
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the seismic hazard in Eastern Marmara Region using an improved probabilistic seismic hazard assessment methodology. Two significant improvements over the previous seismic hazard assessment practices are accomplished in this study: advanced seismic source characterization models in terms of source geometry and recurrence relationships are developed, and improved global ground motion models (NGA-W1 models) are employed to represent the ground motion variability. Planar fault segments are defined and a composite magnitude distribution model is used for all seismic sources in the region to properly represent the characteristic behavior of the North Anatolian Fault without the need for an additional background zone. Multi-segment ruptures are considered using the rupture model proposed by the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (2003). Events in the earthquake catalogue are attributed to the fault zones and scenario weights are determined by releasing the accumulated seismic energy. The uniform hazard spectra at 10 % probability of exceedance in 50 years hazard level for different soil conditions (soil and rock) are revealed for specific locations in the region (Adapazari, Duzce, Gemlik, Izmit, Iznik and Sapanca). Hazard maps of the region for rock site conditions at the selected hazard levels are provided to allow the readers perform site-specific hazard assessment and develop site-specific design spectrum for local site conditions.
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ABSTRACTUNC-45A is an ubiquitously expressed protein highly conserved throughout evolution. Most of what we currently know about UNC-45A pertains to its role as a regulator of the actomyosin system...
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eng_Latn
| 32,931 |
Land use planning has been used only recently as a method to mitigate losses due to earthquake hazard. The most fundamental approach in land use planning is to simply avoid proposing development on lands that have seismic hazard and subsurface structures. This approach is most applicable in raw land situations where land values are comparativily low. The magnetic methods are applied for detection the subsurface structutres. The seismic hazard represented by peak ground acceleration and characteristic of site period at selected 19 sites in the study area were evaluated and represented by a contour maps. The structures deduced from applying the trend analysis method to the RTP magnetic map indicate that there are two sets of fault trends. The major trends are the N-S directions and the minor trends are the E-W direction. The maximum acceleration has its minimum value of about 36 gal at the central eastern part and the maximum of about 64 gal at the southern part of the studied area. The computed natural period has its minimum value of about 0.8 sec at the southern part of the area, while the maximum value is about 4.2 sec at the northwestern part of the area. Recommendations for land-use planning policies relative to structural trend map, ground shaking and characteristic of site period were considered.
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The study area lies in south Egypt on the west bank of the River Nile about 12 km north to the Aswan City. The aim of the present study is a trial to investigate subsurface structure conditions, to determine the dynamic characteristics of the subsurface rocks and to study the effect of the near earthquake activities on the proposed location of Aswan New City. In this study nineteen seismic refraction P- and S-waves profiles were conducted. The output results include velocities of P- and S-wave and the thickness of each layer. The bulk density of soil layers was calculated from determined P-wave values. The measured shear wave velocity and bulk density for each layer were used to compute the maximum shear modulus. These parameters for each layer are used as input data to compute the responses of horizontally layered soil profiles subjected to bedrock input motion from strong earthquake using EERA program. The obtained response values of soil layers are represented by the surface acceleration, from which response spectra with damping ratio of 5% are obtained, surface Fourier amplitude spectra, amplification ratio between rock outcrop and free surface, and the shear stresses and strains characteristics at the sublayer No. 2 in all selected profiles sites. The output of this study is very important for solving the problems, which associated with the construction of various civil engineering purposes and for earthquake resistance structure design.
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ABSTRACTUNC-45A is an ubiquitously expressed protein highly conserved throughout evolution. Most of what we currently know about UNC-45A pertains to its role as a regulator of the actomyosin system...
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eng_Latn
| 32,932 |
—The earthquake generation cycle consists of tectonic loading, quasi-static rupture nucleation, dynamic rupture propagation and stop, and subsequent stress redistribution and fault restrengthening. From a macroscopic point of view, the entire process of earthquake generation cycles should be consistently described by a coupled nonlinear system of a slip-response function, a fault constitutive law and a driving force. On the basis of such a general idea, we constructed a realistic 3-D simulation model for earthquake generation cycles at a transcurrent plate boundary by combining the viscoelastic slip-response function derived for a two-layered elastic-viscoelastic structure model, the slip- and time-dependent fault constitutive law that has an inherent mechanism of fault restrengthening, and the steady relative plate motion as a driving force into a single closed system. With this model we numerically simulated the earthquake generation cycles repeated in a seismogenic region on a plate interface, and examined space-time changes in shear stress, slip deficits and fault constitutive properties during one complete cycle in detail. The occurrence of unstable dynamic slip brings about decrease both in fault strength and shear stress to a constant residual level. After the arrest of dynamic slip, the breakdown strength drop Δσ p of fault is restored rapidly and the process of stress accumulation resumes in the seismogenic region. On the other hand, the restoration of the critical weakening displacement D c proceeds gradually with time through the interseismic period. The restoration of D c can be regarded as the macroscopic manifestation of the microscopic recovery process of fractal fault surface structure. Through numerical simulation with a multi-segmented fault model, we examined the effects of viscoelastic fault-to-fault interaction. The effect of transient viscoelastic stress transfer through the asthenosphere is significant as well as the direct effect of elastic stress transfer, and it possibly explains the time lag of the sequential occurrence of large events along a plate boundary.
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We simulated dynamic rupture propagation along various nonplanar fault models of the 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake using a boundary integral equation method. These models were inferred from geological and geodetic observations. Based on these results, we modeled seismic-wave propagation around the fault system using a finite difference method. We focused on the effect of different fault geometries on the rupture process and seismic-wave propagation. Numerical simulation results imply a rapid and continuous rupture propagation from the Izmit–Sapanca Lake segment to the Sapanca–Akyazi segment. The rupture under Sapanca Lake appears to have propagated not on a disconnected fault segment but along a smooth fault structure with a bend of only a few degrees. The observational complexity of the surface breaks, however, can be best simulated by a highly segmented fault model. This infers that fault geometric characters observed in the field reflect near-surface structure and that seismological and geodetic features are controlled by global fault structure at depth. ::: ::: Then we investigated the effect of frictional parameters and the initial stress field. In order to explain near-field seismograms at station SKR, located a distance of a few kilometers from the fault, we had to force the rupture to propagate at shallow depth close to the station. In order to obtain this, we had to introduce a finite cohesive force in the friction law that allows stress accumulation and release in the shallow crust. The external stress field had to be large enough for the rupture to propagate at very rapid speed. Our simulation results show that it is important to include detailed fault geometry in the numerical simulation, and to constrain frictional parameters and the initial stress field, for understanding of the full dynamic process of an earthquake.
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We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
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eng_Latn
| 32,933 |
A wooden roof strengthening technique aimed at transforming the roof pitches into anti-seismic shear-resisting diaphragms is presented in this article. Shear diaphragms gather and transfer the seismic loads to the shear-resisting walls. Diaphragms are built on top of the existing structures without significantly modifying the roof overall layout. The proposed strengthening technique is mainly reversible, minimally impairing the building integrity, and can be easily applied for the construction of anti-seismic wooden roofs in new buildings. A simplified design approach is presented, which allows identification of the static role of each element. An analytical method for the estimate of the box structure displacements, as well as a short digression on the displacement control requirements is also illustrated. The diaphragm technique was recently applied for the anti-seismic retrofit of some monumental buildings in Italy. A few case studies, as well as the basic design criteria for applying this technique are presented in this article.
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Churches struck by the earthquake sequence of 2016–2017 in Central Italy confirmed their seismic vulnerability, significantly higher than the one of other unreinforced masonry structures. This resulted in a much wider area affected by significant damages to churches, which were characterised by a rich variability of materials, typologies, dimensions and styles. In the area where significant damages were observed for ordinary buildings, most of the churches exhibited total or partial collapses. The time sequence of the main shocks helped in preventing casualties in churches although the collapse of a bell-gable in Accumoli caused victims in a neighbour house during the first event of August 24th, 2016. Damage surveys to churches were carried out on more than 4000 buildings, in a land area of about 30 000 km2 from September 2016 to May 2017. The data collected during the post-earthquake surveys represent a valuable source of information for better understanding the vulnerability of these structures as well as the effectiveness of past retrofitting interventions. Some examples are reported to show both damage progression due to the cumulated effect of repeated shaking and state-of-the-art strategies for short-term countermeasures.
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We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
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eng_Latn
| 32,934 |
In order to effectively prevent the pressure bumping accidence occurred when fully-mechanized coalface passed through fault,the SOS microseism monitoring and measuring system was applied to the full time monitoring and measuring on the microseismic activities in the coal and rock mass of the fault area.Based on the variation features of the energy releasing and vibration frequency in the microseismic activities,analyzed active accumulated energy of the fault block affected to the pressure bumping occurred and analyzed the variation law of the microseismic activity influenced by the human mining and excavation in the fault area.The results show that the microseismic activity in the fault tectonic area has a high instability.With the fully-mechanized coalface pass through the fault,the daily seismic release total energy value in the fault area will be steadily increase.The max energy peak will be a tendency to be rapidly increased.Before the strong microseismic activity occurre,there will be a weak seismic activity period and the weak seismic activity will play an energy accumulation role to have a strong seismic to be occurred.
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Rock burst hazards induced by fault slip frequently occur in underground mining and threaten the safety of miners. In this paper, the structures of overlying strata, mechanism of fault slip, and rock burst pre-warning using seismic tomography were investigated in LW7192, a specific island longwall panel in Xuzhuang Colliery. The results show that an asymmetrical “T” structure of overlying strata is formed during LW7192 retreat, and the long hanging length of overlying key strata is maintained due to the short panel width. By analysing a modified fault sliding model, it is found that the time interval between two fault slips has a positive correlation with the energy released therein. The rock burst that occurred in LW7192 has the longest time interval between events compared with other high-energy tremors near the fault, and enormous elastic energies released by fault slip as a form of dynamic load. The superposition of dynamic loads and high stress concentration of the coal-rock mass contributes to the rock burst in LW7192. For forecasting rock burst hazards, seismic tomography was used and the results show that the velocity anomaly regions correspond well with the area of both strong tremors and the rock burst. Ultimately, large-diameter boreholes, directional hydraulic fracturing boreholes, and floor distressing boreholes were taken in the rock burst area, and the pressure relief is proved effective by seismic tomography assessment.
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We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
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eng_Latn
| 32,935 |
The earthquake that occurred on May 24, 2013, in the basin of the Sea of Okhotsk with a magnitude of 8.3 was the strongest in this region. We have modeled a possible tsunami caused by such an earthquake. The simulations confirm that the wave heights were sufficiently small because the earthquake epicenter depth was 640 km. We analyze the oscillations of the DART buoys in the vicinity of the earthquake source and show that they were not associated with the tsunami waves. Analysis of the available pressure gauge records at different points of the Sea of Okhotsk show that only in one case (Iturup Island) can the observed oscillations of the sea level with a height of approximately 4 cm be classified as tsunami waves.
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Earth’s deepest earthquakes occur in subducting oceanic lithosphere, where temperatures are lower than in ambient mantle. On 24 May 2013, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake ruptured a 180-kilometer-long fault within the subducting Pacific plate about 609 kilometers below the Sea of Okhotsk. Global seismic P wave recordings indicate a radiated seismic energy of ~1.5 × 10^(17) joules. A rupture velocity of ~4.0 to 4.5 kilometers/second is determined by back-projection of short-period P waves, and the fault width is constrained to give static stress drop estimates (~12 to 15 megapascals) compatible with theoretical radiation efficiency for crack models. A nearby aftershock had a stress drop one to two orders of magnitude higher, indicating large stress heterogeneity in the deep slab, and plausibly within the rupture process of the great event.
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Summary: ::: ::: Purpose: In this study, we examined the effects of topiramate (TPM) on the electrophysiologic properties of cultured rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods: Whole-cell current-clamp recording techniques were used to determine the effects of TPM on sustained repetitive firing (SRF), spontaneous epileptiform-burst firing, and spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). ::: ::: ::: ::: Results: Topiramate at therapeutic concentrations (10–100 μM) significantly decreased or abolished SRF in a dose-dependent and partially reversible manner. When transiently exposed to a medium in which Mg2+ is omitted, hippocampal neurons in culture develop SRS (“epilepsy”) and epileptiform discharges. Application of TPM at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM to cells displaying seizure activity caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the number of action potentials within a burst and in the average duration of epileptiform activity. Both effects were partially reversed during a 5- to 30-min drug washout period. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: These effects on the electrophysiologic properties of cultured neurons are consistent with the concept that TPM exerts modulatory effects on voltage-dependent Na+ and/ or Ca2+ conductances responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials. Topiramate also may inhibit synaptic conductances responsible for transmission of epileptiform discharges.
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eng_Latn
| 32,936 |
UNLABELLED ::: Presented case was 32-year-old male marble worker, who underwent industrial accident at workplace. On gross physical examination; on forehead region round skin wound in 0.9 cm diameter was detected, radiological examination showed the image of metallic object. in the skull cavity. Brain dissection showed obvious brain injury, haemorrahge explaining the pattern of injury caused by the metallic bodys path, from left frontal lobe to the left cerebellar hemisphere was identified. We presented rare case of penetrating injury of the cranial region caused by non-missile foreign body. ::: ::: ::: KEYWORDS ::: cranial injury - non-missile foreign body - autopsy.
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A 49 years old man, with a history of aggression at the age of 18 years by a pair of scissors, who consulted for unilateral migraine headaches look straight. Paraclinical explorations concluded that trauma to anterior pituitary by a metallic foreign body from the right nostril to the sella, responsible for panhypopituitarism and sinusitis. The headaches are frequent causes of consultation, often treated symptomatically but rarely explored. The direct trauma to the pituitary gland, by a metallic foreign body, is exceptional. We report the case of neglected panhypopituitarism, discovered 31 years after injury with a pair of scissors.
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Bengal Fan in the northeastern Indian Ocean is bordered by the Indian mainland on the west, Bengal Foreland basin in the north and the Andaman Sumatra Islands on the east. Seismicity of the Indian sub-continent and the Bengal Fan is predominantly confined to four major types of tectonic settings. They are i) Extra-Peninsular (Himalayan Region), associated with plate-collision seismicity, ii) Peninsular or the Stable Continental Region (SCR), associated with intra-plate stress related seismicity, iii) Equatorial region of the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB), associated with intraplate crustal deformation and iv) the Andaman Nicobar arc region, with subduction related seismicity . The extra-Peninsular seismicity is mainly due to the significant concentration of stress around the detachment plane, due to the northward underthrusting of the Indian lithosphere. During the period 1897-2000, five major earthquakes of magnitude greater than 8.0 have occurred in this region. Recent examples of extra-Peninsular seismicity are the Uttarkashi and Chamoli earthquakes, both located in the Garhwal Himalayan region and the 7.6 Mw earthquake that occurred in Pakistan on 8 October, 2005. Since the last few decades, Peninsular Shield or the Stable Continental Region (SCR) has been experiencing moderate seismicity, which indicates the ongoing tectonic activity or reactivation of existing Precambrian faults in the area. These events are mainly due to strike slip movements at shallow depths (‹ 5 km) and thrust movements at deeper depths (>5 km) and are the consequence of the continued northward movement of the Indian plate and the resulting accumulation of strain energy. In some cases like Koyna earthquake, the activity is attributed to reservoir induced seismicity. Latur (1993), Jabalpur (1997) and Bhuj (2001) are examples of SCR earthquakes, out of which the Bhuj earthquake was the most disastrous event, unique to SCR. A broad scale nature of intra-plate deformation, also a consequence of the Indian-Asian plate collision was reported in the equatorial region of the Central Indian Ocean Basin (5° N to 8° S; 70° E to 90° E). This region is associated with anomalous seismicity, high heat-flow along with folded and faulted oceanic basement and sediments. These observations suggest a nascent subduction zone in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) formed mainly due to N-S compression acting on the Indian Plate.
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eng_Latn
| 32,937 |
The 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0): seismology and geodesy
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SUMMARY We investigate the 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0) using seismological and geodetic data. Analysis of teleseismic records indicates that the earthquake is characterized by a steadily increasing moment rate, with the maximum occurring between about 55 and 70 s and the associated slip occurring about 40 km south of the epicentre. We combine InSAR data from L-band (ALOS) and C-band (Envisat) satellites to produce a 3-D image of the ground displacements caused by the earthquake. Distributed slip inversions of the interferograms identify a single large patch of slip in the location of the maximum moment rate identified by seismology. Despite a clear spatial coincidence between the location of the coseismic slip and the anomalously high topography of the Paracas Peninsula, we find no evidence that the earthquake was directly responsible for motion on any upper plate faults.
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In Fig 3E, the labels on the graph in the lower panel are swapped. The solid line should be labeled Pe sup and the dashed line should be labeled PeΔaprA sup. Please see the corrected Fig 3 here.
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eng_Latn
| 32,938 |
Effectiveness of SHTLD Device and TLCD Device in Controlling the earthquake-induced Motions of Tall Buildings
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After the optimized parameters are found out, SHTLD device and TLCD device are applied to the reinforced concrete tall buildings in controlling the earthquake-induced motions The results of examples indicate that:both devices can suppress the vibration to a certain extent, but SHTLD device is more sensitive to the characteristics of earthquake wave than TLCD device
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Thank you very much for reading structured logic design with vhdl. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this structured logic design with vhdl, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. structured logic design with vhdl is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the structured logic design with vhdl is universally compatible with any devices to read.
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eng_Latn
| 32,939 |
Electrical and magnetic studies of the spinel system Li0.5+tCrxSbtFe2.5-x-2tO4
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The lattice constant, dc resistivity, dielectric constant, saturation magnetization and Curie temperature were studied on a series of Cr-substituted Li-Sb ferrite systems. The dc resistivity increases with increase of the chromium level. A change in slope was observed in the variation of resistivity with temperature and hence two regions of different activation energy. The study of dielectric permittivity with frequency showed dispersion for the whole system. The saturation magnetization and the Curie temperature were found to decrease with increase of the substitution level.
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Using the shallow seismic and composite drilling section exploration,we obtained actual position of the breakpoint,near-surface dislocation,buried depth of upper breakpoint,the latest active time and slip rate of Liangshan Southern Margin Fault on the Hanjiang River Levee.Shallow seismic interpretation results show that 12 reflected wave groups are vertically leaped by Liangshan Southern Margin Fault since Quaternary period.Maximum dislocation of bottom interface of the fault is about 370 m,and the width of the influence belt is about 400 m.The strata undulate strongly in the influence belt.The drilling results reflect that the maximum dislocation of the main fault is 28.2 m in middle period of late Pleistocene,it is about 11 m on late period of late Pleistocene.The average slip rate of the main fault is about 0.38~0.49 mm/a and the buried depth of its upper breakpoint is about 0.38~0.49 mm/a.The Liangshan Southern Margin Fault is the active fault on late period of late Pleistocene.
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eng_Latn
| 32,940 |
MIDOP - Macroseismic Intensity Data Online Publisher
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Within the Networking Activity 4 (NA4) "Distributed Archive of Historical Earthquake Data" of the EU NERIES project, a massive quantity of macroseismic data related to earthquakes of the past centuries is being published online. The NA4 working team is composed of many researchers coming from five European National Institutions. The retrieved data range from year 1000 to year 1900 and cover all of Europe. The presented tool "MIDOP" is being specifically developed for intuitive online publication of macroseismic maps of historical earthquakes.
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Study Design.A meta-analysis.Objective.The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracies of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of spondylodiscitis through a meta-analysis.Summary of Background Data
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kor_Hang
| 32,941 |
Shear stress induces not only platelet aggregation but also platelet-tumor cell interaction
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Abstract To investigate the interaction between platelets and tumor cells under well-defined flow conditions, the effect of tumor cells on platelet aggregation induced by shear stress was studied using a cone and plate viscometer adapted for measuring transmitted light intensity. Aggregation was markedly enhanced by HMV-1 cells in a cell number-dependent fashion under shear stress of 12 dyne/cm2. Enhancement was not observed at a high shear stress of 108 dyne/cm2. A monoclonal antibody against GPIIb/IIIa, 7E3 completely abolished enhancement of aggregation by HMV-1. Apyrase had similar inhibitory effects. Scanning electronmicroscopy showed that direct contacts of platelets with HMV-1 cells could be demonstrated when platelet-platelet interaction was inhibited by 7E3 or apyrase. These results may indicate that, at a shear stress of 12 dyne/cm2, direct contacts of platelets and HMV-1 cells may trigger enhancement of platelet aggregation.
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Abstract: The aftershock activity of Wenchuan M s8.0 earthquake showed different spatial and temporal distributions along two different segments of the Longmenshan fault. This difference was likely the result of segmentation of the earthquake rupture process, which in turn may be the result of the fault’s segmentation in its long-term geotectonic condition.
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eng_Latn
| 32,942 |
Association Between the Severity of Dysphagia and Various Parameters of the Cervical Spine; Videofluoroscopic Analysis in Neutral and Retraction Position of the Normal Volunteers
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Study Design.Videoflurographic swallowing study in asymptomatic volunteersObjective.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of dysphagia and various parameters of the subjects.Summary of Background Data.Occipitocervical fixation (OCF) is associated with sev
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ABSTRACT The accurate determination of fault displacement is essential to accurate subsurface and seismic mapping. When a fault is cut by a well, the magnitude of fault displacement is commonly obtained by direct comparison with an unfaulted nearby well. In areas of pronounced downdip thickening of section this technique, without proper adjustment, may lead to serious misconception. A comparative graphic method is presented that gives a rational determination of fault displacement and other fault characteristics for conditions of pronounced downdip thickening of section and of faulting contemporaneous with deposition. Two actual costs of fault analysis in South Texas are discussed, one of which is compared to seismic data. End_of_Record - Last_Page 40--------
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eng_Latn
| 32,943 |
Diagnosing Neurofibromatosis Type I in Children
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Neurofibromatosis is the single most common genetic disease of the neurologic system. Because neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is often diagnosed early in life, it is essential that health care providers deepen their understanding of this common genetic disorder. Children who meet particular criteria, as formulated by the National Institutes of Health, must be worked-up for NF-1 in order to initiate appropriate treatment implementation and evaluation. This article provides a review of the literature regarding the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and plan of treatment related to NF-1, specifically as it affects children. Clear guidelines for health care providers in primary care are outlined.
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A NNE fault named F1 was found on the site of a proposed irrigation project.Through geological radar detection,seismo-geological investigation,the analysis of the engineering geological data,and the test of dislocation fault and overlying chronology of quaternary strata,we identify the activity,vertical displacement and slip rate of F1 fault.Then we assess the influence of F1 fault on the project and put forward the selection of sites and the design plan for the project.In this way,we provide a good example of the practical application of the identification of fault's activity to the selection of sites and the design plan for the construction project.
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eng_Latn
| 32,944 |
What is a part of treatment for shock?
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Is not part of the treatment for shock?
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Is not part of the treatment for shock?
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eng_Latn
| 32,945 |
Abstract: Note on Fault Displacement
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ABSTRACT The accurate determination of fault displacement is essential to accurate subsurface and seismic mapping. When a fault is cut by a well, the magnitude of fault displacement is commonly obtained by direct comparison with an unfaulted nearby well. In areas of pronounced downdip thickening of section this technique, without proper adjustment, may lead to serious misconception. A comparative graphic method is presented that gives a rational determination of fault displacement and other fault characteristics for conditions of pronounced downdip thickening of section and of faulting contemporaneous with deposition. Two actual costs of fault analysis in South Texas are discussed, one of which is compared to seismic data. End_of_Record - Last_Page 40--------
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Rural property size, including the issue of property fragmentation and over-subdivision, has had a significant impact on farm viability. This research paper summarises the concepts of a hypothetical propoerty boundary rearrangement through to examining the many issues, impacts and landholder responses relating to a proposal of rearranging cadastral boundaries in a trial project area over a 15kn by 18 kn catchment on the Darling Downs, Queensland, Australia
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eng_Latn
| 32,946 |
Study: Earth shock comparisons, Pantex Plant
|
This report contains comparisons of various earth shocks experienced at the Pantex Water Well No. 16. Included are comparisons for the Alaskan quake of March 28, 1984; Amarillo shock of July 20, 1966; ten pounds of high explosives; fifty pounds of high explosives; two hundred pounds of high explosives; one man stomping feet; and tractor driving near well.
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Background and aims ::: To study the impact of land use change (LUC) from native vegetation and pasture to sugarcane cultivation as well as to evaluate the effect of different management practices on long-term SOC dynamics using the CENTURY ecosystem model.
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kor_Hang
| 32,947 |
A seismograph is an instrument which measures and records details of what?
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seismograph - definition of seismograph in English | Oxford Dictionaries Definition of seismograph in English: seismograph An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration. Example sentences ‘Noaa would record the earthquake on seismographs and issue bulletins about the progress of a tsunami.’ ‘A series of digital seismographs installed around the volcano provide a continuous stream of data to the observatory.’ ‘Each country affected by the disaster is to set up a tsunami warning centre to receive information from the pressure gauges, seismographs and wave sensors that will survey the ocean basin.’ ‘Just as a scientist reads a seismograph to measure movements in the ground, the character of a government can be judged by the way it treats the most disadvantaged layers of society.’ ‘Tremors had been recorded in 1908 on a seismograph 4,000 kilometers west of St. Petersburg.’ ‘Later, earthquake seismographs were developed that recorded digitally, and today virtually all modern seismic recordings are digital and thus involve some sort of signal processing.’ ‘This is similar to seismologists using seismographs on Earth to detect earthquakes.’ ‘Richter, who worked in southern California, using data from seismographs - which measure earth movement - devised a method to calculate where an earthquake began, or its epicenter, and its magnitude.’ ‘What comes out of the laboratory and what is measured in the real world by surface seismographs leaves a gap.’ ‘Aftershocks continued for several years, and small earthquakes still waggle seismographs in the region.’ ‘Since there were no seismographs operating in Alaska at that time and no reports of surface faulting in the remote Alaska Range, the location of the 1912 shock is poorly known.’ ‘Eventually the parties agreed on a strict monitoring plan relying on seismographs and strain gauges to assess the effect on the structure as crews installed the caissons.’ ‘All told, 1,200 seismographs - including 800 borrowed from the United States - are being used in the $423,000 project.’ ‘The seismographs recorded the waves from that earthquake and from magnitude 2.1 and 2.8 earthquakes beneath the Cascade Mountains, even though the shaking was too small to be felt by residents.’ ‘A seismograph at Ferris High School showed the trembling lasted for more than 30 seconds with two distinct spikes in intensity.’ ‘With more earthquakes, more and better seismographs recording quakes, and more comprehensive compilations of seismic data, seismologists are sharpening their view of the African plume.’ ‘Traditional seismographs record straight-line movements, for example shaking, whereas ring lasers measure rotational movements like rolling or twisting.’ ‘A series of digital seismographs around the volcano provide a continuous stream of data to the observatory in Goma.’ ‘Old-style seismographs recorded the jiggling of an earthquake on a rotating drum.’ ‘The observatory contained a seismograph to record mining tremors, an evaporation pan and a device to record lightening strikes which are particularly virulent on the Witwatersrand.’ Pronunciation Which of the following is a type of wild cat? cheater Which of the following is a type of wild cat? Pallas's cat Which of the following is a type of wild cat? polecat Which of the following is a type of wild cat? ring-tailed cat Which of the following is a type of wild cat? manul Which of the following is a type of wild cat? hunting cat Which of the following is a type of wild cat? ounce Which of the following is a type of wild cat? bandicoot Which of the following is a type of wild cat? clouded leopard Which of the following is a type of wild cat? puna You scored /10 practise again? Retry Most popular in the world Australia
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Instrumental Hits 05 - The Tornadoes - Telstar - YouTube Instrumental Hits 05 - The Tornadoes - Telstar Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Nov 8, 2011 -Telstar- The Tornadoes Instrumental record from 1962 by The Tornadoes and named after Telstar, the first communications satellite, launched on July 10, 1962. This satellite enabled for the first time direct TV-broadcasting between Europe and the US. Pictures: Made with Adobe After Effects (except the Telstar picture). Category
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eng_Latn
| 32,948 |
Does a fault occur during an earthquake?
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Why do earthquakes acurr along a fault?
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What happens at a fault when an earthquake occurs?
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eng_Latn
| 32,949 |
Three forces that affect rocks at fault lines?
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What fault is above the fault surface forced up and over the rocks below the fault surface?
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What force is exerted in a stone hanging on a string?
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eng_Latn
| 32,950 |
Where are some convergent faults located?
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Were fault located on earth?
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Were is the dragon fang?
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eng_Latn
| 32,951 |
Descibe what happens along a fault beneath earths surface when a earthquake occurs?
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What happens at a fault when an earthquake occurs?
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Why dont many earthquakes happen on the earths crust?
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eng_Latn
| 32,952 |
What is the name if the instrument that records vibrations in an earthquake?
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What instrument is used to record earthquake vibrations?
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What instrument is used to record earthquake vibrations?
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eng_Latn
| 32,953 |
Does a transform boundary have shearing?
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In a What force is present at a transform boundary?
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Why do pigs not have inguinal hernias?
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eng_Latn
| 32,954 |
What does the tectonic disposition lead to?
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The Jordan Rift Valley is the result of tectonic movements within the Dead Sea Transform (DSF) fault system. The DSF forms the transform boundary between the African Plate to the west and the Arabian Plate to the east. The Golan Heights and all of Jordan are part of the Arabian Plate, while the Galilee, West Bank, Coastal Plain, and Negev along with the Sinai Peninsula are on the African Plate. This tectonic disposition leads to a relatively high seismic activity in the region. The entire Jordan Valley segment is thought to have ruptured repeatedly, for instance during the last two major earthquakes along this structure in 749 and 1033. The deficit in slip that has built up since the 1033 event is sufficient to cause an earthquake of Mw~7.4.
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This view of 'diplomatic drift' as the cause of the war was first popularised by A. W, Kinglake, who portrayed the British as victims of newspaper sensationalism and duplicitous French and Ottoman diplomacy. More recently, the historians Andrew Lambert and Winfried Baumgart have argued that, first, Britain was following a geopolitical strategy in aiming to destroy a fledgling Russian Navy which might challenge the Royal Navy for control of the seas, and second that the war was a joint European response to a century of Russian expansion not just southwards but also into western Europe.
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eng_Latn
| 32,955 |
Term for an earthquake that follows a larger one, originating at or near the same focus
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Epicenter - Wikipedia The epicenter, epicentre /psntr/ or epicentrum is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. The word derives from the New Latin noun epicentrum, the latinisation of the ... However, in larger events, the length of the fault rupture is much longer, and...
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still-vex'd Bermoothes - Washington State University Most consider this Shakespeare's last full completed play in his lifetime and a sort ... His older brother, the fifth Earl, was named Ferdinando and the Earls ruled the ... Derby was a son-in-law of Oxford and may have collaborated with him in the .... the still-vexed Bermoothes,' Prospero might have been sending Ariel to a bar...
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eng_Latn
| 32,956 |
Intracranial dislocation of the mandibular condyle: report of two cases and review of the literature
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Fractures of the mandibular condylar process are common and account for up to 40% of all mandibular fractures. Penetration of the condylar head into the middle cranial fossa is, however, rare. We have found reports of only 43 cases since 1834. The diagnosis of intracranial condylar dislocation is difficult, there are usually no particular symptoms or neurological signs. As a result, detailed radiological studies are necessary. In the absence of clear radiographic images of the condylar structures, computed tomography (CT) is essential to locate the fragments and to investigate and monitor intracranial lesions. This paper describes the diagnostic and surgical procedures used in two cases of condylar dislocation and discusses them with reference to previous cases. The use of a titanium screw, which was positioned intracranially in the first case, has not, to our knowledge, been described previously.
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Abstract We collected and processed a total of 97,700 teleseismic receiver functions recorded by 580 broadband seismic stations from 686 earthquakes to study the mantle transition zone beneath eastern North China. We employed a recently developed 3-D P- and S-wave velocity model (the East Asia Radially Anisotropic Model, EARA2014) to compute Pds moveouts to migrate receiver function data. Amplitudes of the stacked P660s and P410s using the 3-D Pds moveout table are approximately 30% higher than those calculated from the 1-D iasp91 model. The 3-D volume of CCP (common-conversion-point) stacked images that covers the area of 110°-125°E and 36°-43°N revealed two remarkable mantle transition zone anomalies with significant depression of the 660-km discontinuity. Together with other seismic observations, we speculated that these two anomalies are resulted from two different dynamic processes beneath eastern North China.
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eng_Latn
| 32,957 |
Multiple source downwellings beneath eastern North China revealed by 3-D CCP migration of receiver function data
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Abstract We collected and processed a total of 97,700 teleseismic receiver functions recorded by 580 broadband seismic stations from 686 earthquakes to study the mantle transition zone beneath eastern North China. We employed a recently developed 3-D P- and S-wave velocity model (the East Asia Radially Anisotropic Model, EARA2014) to compute Pds moveouts to migrate receiver function data. Amplitudes of the stacked P660s and P410s using the 3-D Pds moveout table are approximately 30% higher than those calculated from the 1-D iasp91 model. The 3-D volume of CCP (common-conversion-point) stacked images that covers the area of 110°-125°E and 36°-43°N revealed two remarkable mantle transition zone anomalies with significant depression of the 660-km discontinuity. Together with other seismic observations, we speculated that these two anomalies are resulted from two different dynamic processes beneath eastern North China.
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ABSTRACT The accurate determination of fault displacement is essential to accurate subsurface and seismic mapping. When a fault is cut by a well, the magnitude of fault displacement is commonly obtained by direct comparison with an unfaulted nearby well. In areas of pronounced downdip thickening of section this technique, without proper adjustment, may lead to serious misconception. A comparative graphic method is presented that gives a rational determination of fault displacement and other fault characteristics for conditions of pronounced downdip thickening of section and of faulting contemporaneous with deposition. Two actual costs of fault analysis in South Texas are discussed, one of which is compared to seismic data. End_of_Record - Last_Page 40--------
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eng_Latn
| 32,958 |
Torsional Vibration Suppression with Boundary Impulsive Conditions in Rotary Drilling System
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This paper presents a nonlinear control scheme to stabilize the problem of torsional vibration suppression with boundary impulsive conditions. A new nonlinear dynamical system is developed. Based on semi-group theory, we prove the well-posednes of the proposed system. In the model development, nonlinearities that arise due to dry friction and loss of contact is considered. Therefore, the impulsive system stability analysis is carried out by using Lyapunov theory and a comparison method. Numerical simulations show the relevance of our result for impulsive system.
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SUMMARY ::: ::: A complete set of expressions is presented for the computation of elastic dynamic stress in plane-layered media. We use a discrete-wavenumber reflectivity method to compute the stress field radiated by arbitrary moment-tensor sources. The expressions derived here represent an interesting tool for both-the observational and theoretical analysis of dynamic stress changes associated with earthquake phenomena. Dynamic stress changes associated with a strike-slip fault having unilateral rupture are shown. This modelling, which is similar to the 1992 Landers California earthquake, illustrates the effects of distance, directivity and depth on transient stress changes.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,959 |
Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing Accurate Sizing and Locating Technique Based on Time-of-Flight-Diffraction Method
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The ultrasonic time-of-flight-diffraction (TOFD) method is a widely used flaw sizing and locating method. A signal identification technique is used to improve the arrival time resolution of a TOFD signal and to size and locate flaws more accurately. The ultrasonic signal is decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions by empirical mode decomposition. Some modes are selected to reconstruct a new signal considering their frequencies and energy. The reconstructed signal has a better signal-to-noise ratio and enhanced flaw information. A Hilbert transform is conducted to get the envelope and exact arrival time of the signal. All vertical flaws can be detected correctly with average sizing and locating accuracy of 0.08 mm in the laboratory. The deeper the flaw is located, the higher the accuracy. The blind area of TOFD is reduced to 2.5 mm under the surface.
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A NNE fault named F1 was found on the site of a proposed irrigation project.Through geological radar detection,seismo-geological investigation,the analysis of the engineering geological data,and the test of dislocation fault and overlying chronology of quaternary strata,we identify the activity,vertical displacement and slip rate of F1 fault.Then we assess the influence of F1 fault on the project and put forward the selection of sites and the design plan for the project.In this way,we provide a good example of the practical application of the identification of fault's activity to the selection of sites and the design plan for the construction project.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,960 |
Incidence of paramyxoviruses in free-living birds in 1978-1982.
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Together 41 paramyxovirus (PMV) strains (25 PMV-1, 10 PMV-4, and 6 PMV-6 serotypes) were isolated from cloacal swabs of 910 free-living birds trapped in West Slovakia from 1978 to 1982. The PMV strains were found in 9, mostly aquatic bird species. Strains belonging to the PMV-1 serotype were isolated yearly, indicating its wide distribution and circulation in nature. The strains of PMV-4 and PMV-6 serotypes found only in 1978-1980, represented the first isolations in Europe. Antigenic analysis by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI), neuraminidase-inhibition (NI), complement-fixation (CF), and gel double diffusion (DD) tests proved the relatedness of the surface antigens of newly isolated PMV strains with those of PMV-4/ Duck Hong Kong D3/75 and PMV-6/Duck/Hong Kong 311/80 strains. One-way reaction between PMV-4 serotype and mumps virus was demonstrated using hyperimmune rat sera. Electron microscopic observation of isolated virus strains revealed structures typical of PMV.
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SUMMARY We investigate the 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0) using seismological and geodetic data. Analysis of teleseismic records indicates that the earthquake is characterized by a steadily increasing moment rate, with the maximum occurring between about 55 and 70 s and the associated slip occurring about 40 km south of the epicentre. We combine InSAR data from L-band (ALOS) and C-band (Envisat) satellites to produce a 3-D image of the ground displacements caused by the earthquake. Distributed slip inversions of the interferograms identify a single large patch of slip in the location of the maximum moment rate identified by seismology. Despite a clear spatial coincidence between the location of the coseismic slip and the anomalously high topography of the Paracas Peninsula, we find no evidence that the earthquake was directly responsible for motion on any upper plate faults.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,961 |
Source Characteristics of the January 8, 2013 (M w = 5.7) and May 24, 2014 (M w = 6.8) North Aegean Earthquakes Sequence
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The Aegean Sea, is one of the most seismically active areas of the Eastern Mediterranean region (Fig. 1). Generally, North Aegean Sea region has been tectonically developed after the collision of Arabian plate with the Eurasian in the Late Miocene time and the subsequent westward escape of the Anatolian Plate relative to the Eurasian Plate, during the Early Pliocene.
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We performed functional MRI (fMRI) on a patient with a mass lesion while she happened to experience a simple partial seizure. We used regional T2* signal changes to localize seizure-related hemodynamic changes. Seizure activity was associated with changes in MR signal in different regions that showed sequential activation and deactivation. Our study has shown that epileptic activity leads to changes in cerebral hemodynamics. In selected patients, therefore, it might be possible to use fMRI as a noninvasive tool to detect and investigate cortical patterns of activation associated with seizure activity.
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eng_Latn
| 32,962 |
Hemodynamic changes in simple partial epilepsy: a functional MRI study.
|
We performed functional MRI (fMRI) on a patient with a mass lesion while she happened to experience a simple partial seizure. We used regional T2* signal changes to localize seizure-related hemodynamic changes. Seizure activity was associated with changes in MR signal in different regions that showed sequential activation and deactivation. Our study has shown that epileptic activity leads to changes in cerebral hemodynamics. In selected patients, therefore, it might be possible to use fMRI as a noninvasive tool to detect and investigate cortical patterns of activation associated with seizure activity.
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SUMMARY ::: ::: A complete set of expressions is presented for the computation of elastic dynamic stress in plane-layered media. We use a discrete-wavenumber reflectivity method to compute the stress field radiated by arbitrary moment-tensor sources. The expressions derived here represent an interesting tool for both-the observational and theoretical analysis of dynamic stress changes associated with earthquake phenomena. Dynamic stress changes associated with a strike-slip fault having unilateral rupture are shown. This modelling, which is similar to the 1992 Landers California earthquake, illustrates the effects of distance, directivity and depth on transient stress changes.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,963 |
[Acute spontaneous failure of a Carpentier-Edwards porcine mitral valve].
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We describe the case of a 74-year-old patient with structural valve deterioration of a Carpentier-Edwards porcine mitral valve. He was referred to our institution for a murmur noted about 1 week before. Transthoracic echocardiography showed the presence of severe mitral regurgitation, without disclosing the mechanism of failure. A tear cusp was identified with transesophageal echocardiography that resulted in a lack of coaptation of the leaflets causing mitral insufficiency. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery.
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SUMMARY We investigate the 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0) using seismological and geodetic data. Analysis of teleseismic records indicates that the earthquake is characterized by a steadily increasing moment rate, with the maximum occurring between about 55 and 70 s and the associated slip occurring about 40 km south of the epicentre. We combine InSAR data from L-band (ALOS) and C-band (Envisat) satellites to produce a 3-D image of the ground displacements caused by the earthquake. Distributed slip inversions of the interferograms identify a single large patch of slip in the location of the maximum moment rate identified by seismology. Despite a clear spatial coincidence between the location of the coseismic slip and the anomalously high topography of the Paracas Peninsula, we find no evidence that the earthquake was directly responsible for motion on any upper plate faults.
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eng_Latn
| 32,964 |
Gradual onset of dyskinesia induced by mirtazapine
|
We believe this patient is probably the first case of gradual ::: onset dyskinesia with mirtazapine treatment. Mirtazapine has ::: been suggested for treating antipsychotic-induced akathisia. ::: [5] Earlier reports [2],[4] and also our patient suggest that ::: one should be observant while treating patients with ::: mirtazapine for the development of dyskinesia or worsening of ::: akathisia. We agree with Kumar et al. [6] that one should be ::: aware that antidepressant medications can cause various ::: movement disorders.
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SUMMARY ::: ::: A complete set of expressions is presented for the computation of elastic dynamic stress in plane-layered media. We use a discrete-wavenumber reflectivity method to compute the stress field radiated by arbitrary moment-tensor sources. The expressions derived here represent an interesting tool for both-the observational and theoretical analysis of dynamic stress changes associated with earthquake phenomena. Dynamic stress changes associated with a strike-slip fault having unilateral rupture are shown. This modelling, which is similar to the 1992 Landers California earthquake, illustrates the effects of distance, directivity and depth on transient stress changes.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,965 |
Abstract 18803: Abnormal Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain With Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Systemic Sclerosis
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Introduction: Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, due to the development of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Current screening tools are insufficent to detect early cardiac involvement in SSc. We sought to assess the utility of exercise bicycle echocardiography (BE) in conjunction with speckle derived strain to detect occult abnormalities in regional and global RV contractility in SSc patients at high risk of PAH. Methods: SSc patients were referred for supine BE. Inclusion criteria included: RV systolic pressure (RVSP) ≥40mmHg with dyspnea, RVSP ≥45mmHg regardless of symptoms, isolated decline in diffusing capacity (DLCO) ≥10% predicted from baseline, or new onset unexplained dyspnea. Patients initiated exercise at 25 Watts and increased by 25 watts every 3 minutes until achieving 85% of the their age-predicted maximum heart rate or were limited by symptoms. Standard 2D assessment of ...
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Lushan earthquake on 20th April, 2013 was another thrust fault earthquake occurred at Longmen Mountain Fault Zone after 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake. Based on ground motion attenuation model, this paper has chosen 45 strong motion records with rupture distance less than 200km, to analyze the hanging wall effect, topographic effect and rupture directivity effect of Lushan earthquake. The results show that hanging wall effect in Lushan earthquake was not obvious as 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; ground motion in mountain areas attenuated with increasing rupture distance more quickly than that in plain areas; rupture directivity effect is obvious for two components of horizontal ground motion, which are fault-perpendicular and fault-parallel components. PGA in the forward rupture area is larger than those in the backward rupture area. With the period increased, the gap between backward and forward rupture area become small, and finally PGD in backward rupture area is greater than those in the forward rupture area.
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eng_Latn
| 32,966 |
Computer-aided modeling of quasi-resonant converters in the presence of parasitic losses by using the MISSCO concept
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The DC and small-signal models of quasi-resonant converters, operating in both half-wave and full-wave modes, are developed in a suitable form for computer simulation. The starting step is the extraction of a minimum separable switching configuration (MISSCO) containing all power switches but a minimum number of other components (resonant ones). By using the step-response analysis and average technique, and by perturbing and separating the DC and AC components in the resulting equations, the equivalent models of MISSCO are derived. They are introduced in the converter structure to replace the circuit initially extracted. Models of different quasi-resonant converters can be obtained by this general approach. The analysis takes into account the conduction losses of the switching devices and reactive elements, which improves considerably the model accuracy. Model-based computer simulation agrees with the experimental results. >
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SUMMARY We investigate the 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0) using seismological and geodetic data. Analysis of teleseismic records indicates that the earthquake is characterized by a steadily increasing moment rate, with the maximum occurring between about 55 and 70 s and the associated slip occurring about 40 km south of the epicentre. We combine InSAR data from L-band (ALOS) and C-band (Envisat) satellites to produce a 3-D image of the ground displacements caused by the earthquake. Distributed slip inversions of the interferograms identify a single large patch of slip in the location of the maximum moment rate identified by seismology. Despite a clear spatial coincidence between the location of the coseismic slip and the anomalously high topography of the Paracas Peninsula, we find no evidence that the earthquake was directly responsible for motion on any upper plate faults.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,967 |
StrikeSlip Faults of the South Caspian Basin, Azerbaijan and Adjacent Regions
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Presented results are based on the interpretation of High Resolution Topography and Bathymetry Map of South Caspian Region and Northern Iran (courtesy of CONOCO), Landsat-5 colour composites (courtesy of BP/Statoil Alliance), Meteor black-and-white imageries, and geological and geophysic data.
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Taking Laixi Interchange Project as example the technical measures in the construction of subbase with cement stabilized weathered rock granular material and base course with cement stabilized crushed materials are introduced. Meanwhile, some valuable experiences are summarized as well as the matters needing attention in the future.
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eng_Latn
| 32,968 |
Microslip Induced Damping in the Contact of Nominally Flat Surfaces with Geometric Defects
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It is well known that the friction between interfaces at bolted joints plays a major role in the characterization of damping. Friction can be either induced by macroslip or microslip. The aim of this chapter is to model and quantify the dissipated energy by microslip in the joints in order to compute the damping ratio. It is assumed that the coefficient of friction between the nominally flat surfaces is constant and that friction is the only source of energy dissipation. An experimental study is reported to measure static normal load and dynamic tangential load without any coupling between these two main directions. A rheological contact model, Extended Greenwood Model (EGM), based on microcontacts and statistical distributions is developed and studied. Experimental results and simulations are compared in order to assess and discuss the model.
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SUMMARY ::: ::: A complete set of expressions is presented for the computation of elastic dynamic stress in plane-layered media. We use a discrete-wavenumber reflectivity method to compute the stress field radiated by arbitrary moment-tensor sources. The expressions derived here represent an interesting tool for both-the observational and theoretical analysis of dynamic stress changes associated with earthquake phenomena. Dynamic stress changes associated with a strike-slip fault having unilateral rupture are shown. This modelling, which is similar to the 1992 Landers California earthquake, illustrates the effects of distance, directivity and depth on transient stress changes.
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eng_Latn
| 32,969 |
[The spontaneous reduction of a twin pregnancy in two mares].
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Twin pregnancies are a serious problem in stud medicine as they terminate in most cases in abortion, stillbirth or the delivery of dead or weak and deformed foals. In recent years, the introduction of sonography has greatly improved the management of mares with twin conceptuses, in particular monitoring the phenomenon of spontaneous embryo reduction to a single vesicle. This allows supervision of pregnancy with relatively little expenditure and loss of time. We document the spontaneous reduction to single vesicles of unilateral twin pregnancies in a draught- and a warmblood-mare. In both mares diagnosis of twins was made 17 days after covering; they probably resulted from synchronous double-ovulations. After another 5 days, distinct signs of the loss of one conceptus were recognized and, subsequently, only single pregnancies existed. No interventions were necessary.
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SUMMARY ::: ::: A complete set of expressions is presented for the computation of elastic dynamic stress in plane-layered media. We use a discrete-wavenumber reflectivity method to compute the stress field radiated by arbitrary moment-tensor sources. The expressions derived here represent an interesting tool for both-the observational and theoretical analysis of dynamic stress changes associated with earthquake phenomena. Dynamic stress changes associated with a strike-slip fault having unilateral rupture are shown. This modelling, which is similar to the 1992 Landers California earthquake, illustrates the effects of distance, directivity and depth on transient stress changes.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,970 |
The reliability of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale: moderate and long-term stability.
|
Abstract The temporal stability of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was determined during 3 sampling periods over 2 years in groups of male psychiatric outpatients and non-patients. The rank ordering of the amount of readjustment required by life events remained extremely consistent both for controls ( r ranged from 0·96 to 0·89) and patients ( r ranged from 0·91 to 0·70). Controls also demonstrated considerable consistency in the absolute weights assigned to various events over time ( r ranged from 0·83 to 0·59 for all events). Patients shows great variability in weighting ( r ranged from 0·41 to 0·08 for all events). The results suggest that whereas “normals” maintain temporally stable perceptions of the impactfulness of life change, the same may not be true for psychiatric patients.
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SUMMARY ::: ::: A complete set of expressions is presented for the computation of elastic dynamic stress in plane-layered media. We use a discrete-wavenumber reflectivity method to compute the stress field radiated by arbitrary moment-tensor sources. The expressions derived here represent an interesting tool for both-the observational and theoretical analysis of dynamic stress changes associated with earthquake phenomena. Dynamic stress changes associated with a strike-slip fault having unilateral rupture are shown. This modelling, which is similar to the 1992 Landers California earthquake, illustrates the effects of distance, directivity and depth on transient stress changes.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,971 |
Shaketable Testing of Rectangular Post-Tensioned Concrete Masonry Walls
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This article reports on a study that investigated the in-plane seismic response of partially grouted post-tensioned concrete masonry (PCM) walls with unbonded tendons, by means of shaketable testing. The principal intent of this study was to validate use of this wall system for residential construction, before the first PCM house is built in New Zealand. The authors introduce and describe the testing program, then present their results from dynamic testing of four rectangular walls, of which one contained a shrinkage control joint. They discuss wall structural response in terms of flexural strength, displacement capacity, and tendon stress. The results of the shaketable tests showed the self-centering nature of post-tensioned masonry walls and their ability to achieve large displacements with minimal accumulation of damage. The authors conclude that the level of initial tendon prestressing has a significant effect on peak wall displacements.
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Palynological and magnetostratigraphic chronostratigraphic correlations of lower Maastrichtian to Paleocene strata along an east-west Western Canada Basin transect allow for the recognition of a reciprocal sequence architecture in nonmarine strata. Reference sections include three Canadian Continental Drilling Program Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Project core holes and outcrops in Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and north-central Montana. The spatial and temporal position of the third-order sequences provides evidence for the correlation of proximal sector regional disconformities and sedimentary wedges with distal sector sedimentary wedges and regional disconformities, respectively. The boundary between the two sectors is represented by a hingeline, which separates the foreland-basin "syncline" from the "peripheral bulge." The stratigraphies defined by reciprocal third-order sequences are complicated by fourth-order boundaries, developed within proximal sedimentary wedges and with no correlative distal s...
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eng_Latn
| 32,972 |
Age Determination of a Fault and its Engineering Significance
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A NNE fault named F1 was found on the site of a proposed irrigation project.Through geological radar detection,seismo-geological investigation,the analysis of the engineering geological data,and the test of dislocation fault and overlying chronology of quaternary strata,we identify the activity,vertical displacement and slip rate of F1 fault.Then we assess the influence of F1 fault on the project and put forward the selection of sites and the design plan for the project.In this way,we provide a good example of the practical application of the identification of fault's activity to the selection of sites and the design plan for the construction project.
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This thesis analyzes the potential systematic errorin the characterization of the rock mass quality in borehole and tunnel mapping. The difference when assessing the rock mass quality refers to the ...
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eng_Latn
| 32,973 |
Analysis of Coupled Buffeting of Cross Wind's Bending and Torsion for a Three-Dimension Structure of Non-Streamlined Cross Section
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The coupled bending-torsional buffeting oscillation of a three- dimension structure is discussed in this paper firstly, after analyzing the equation of the coupled galloping motion differential equation, an easily settled motion differential equation of two degree of freedom is derived, at the same time, aero dynamical items in the second-order items is exactly considered, and three-series method is used in analytic calculation. In the paper , a brevity formula of vertical wind speed and response of a coupled flutter of cross wind，s bending and torsion of a three- dimension structure is put forward, by means of analyzing of vertical wind speed and response, perfect conclusion is get. The calculation example illustrates that the formula and the analysis of the result is of much effectiveness and can be conveniently applied to engineering practice.
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It is well known that the locus of boundary crises in smooth systems contains gaps that give rise to periodic windows. We show that this phenomenon can also be observed in an impacting system, and that the mechanism by which these gaps are created is different. Namely, here gaps are created and disappear at points along the branches of boundary crises where they are intersected by branches of grazing bifurcations. We locate a novel type of double-crisis vertex which we call a grazing-crisis vertex. Additionally, we illustrate several types of basin-boundary metamorphosis that are intricately related with grazing bifurcations.
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eng_Latn
| 32,974 |
Dependence of microwave sea returns on wind-friction velocity under varied atmospheric stability conditions
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Microwave sea returns under varied atmospheric conditions and sea states were measured by W.C. Keller et al. (1985). The author has examined quantitative variations of these returns with the wind-friction velocity, incorporating modifications of the atmospheric stability, and has also compared features of sea returns and wind-stress coefficients varying with the stability length. Implications for the inception of fine sea-surface structures by wind and their probable saturation and corrections of stability effects of the wind-stress coefficient are discussed. It is shown that trends based on radar returns at low and high winds can be resolved only with simultaneous measurements of fine sea-surface structures. >
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SUMMARY ::: ::: A complete set of expressions is presented for the computation of elastic dynamic stress in plane-layered media. We use a discrete-wavenumber reflectivity method to compute the stress field radiated by arbitrary moment-tensor sources. The expressions derived here represent an interesting tool for both-the observational and theoretical analysis of dynamic stress changes associated with earthquake phenomena. Dynamic stress changes associated with a strike-slip fault having unilateral rupture are shown. This modelling, which is similar to the 1992 Landers California earthquake, illustrates the effects of distance, directivity and depth on transient stress changes.
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eng_Latn
| 32,975 |
What are the principle types of seismic waves?
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What type of wave is caused by a seismic event?
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What type of wave is caused by a seismic event?
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eng_Latn
| 32,976 |
what is the north anatolian fault?
|
The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) is one of the best-known. dextral strike-slip faults in the world because of its remarkable seismic activity, extremely. well developed surface expression and importance for the tectonics of eastern. Mediterranean region.
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The Midland Valley graben defined by the Highland Boundary Fault in the north and the Southern Uplands Fault in the south harbours not only a considerable amount of Old Red Sandstone sedimentary rocks but also igneous rocks of this age associated with extensive volcanism.
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eng_Latn
| 32,977 |
earthquakes result when forces push what
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Earthquakes result w4. hen forces push tectonic plates along faults in Earthâs lithosphere. The buildup and release of stress along 5. inactive plate boundaries result in earthquakes. The most disastrous earthquakes occur along 6. divergent plate boundaries. The movement of rocks 7. in any direction along a fault results in an earthquake. A 8. normal fault forms where forces cause rocks to slide horizontally. Reverse9. faults form when forces pull rocks apart along a divergent plate
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Earthquakes. Earthquakes occur when energy stored in elastically strained rocks is suddenly released. This release of energy causes intense ground shaking in the area near the source of the earthquake and sends waves of elastic energy, called seismic waves, throughout the Earth.
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eng_Latn
| 32,978 |
what two plates form the san andreas fault
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The San Andreas Fault marks the junction between the North American and Pacific Plates. The fault is 1300 km long, extends to at least 25 km in depth, and has a north west-south east trend. It is classified as a right lateral (dextral) strike-slip fault. Loading the player ...
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The San Andreas Fault is the sliding boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. It slices California in two from Cape Mendocino to the Mexican border. San Diego, Los Angeles and Big Sur are on the Pacific Plate.
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eng_Latn
| 32,979 |
what is fault
|
Fault (geology) In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movement.
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Part of the San Andreas fault. The definition of a fault is a weakness in the rock strata that can shift and create an earthquake. An example of fault is the San Andreas fault line in California. Fault means a mistake or a weakness. An example of fault is having a problem telling the truth. Fault is defined as to blame or to commit a mistake. 1 An example of fault is for a child to blame a broken vase on his brother. 2 An example of fault is to tell a lie.
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eng_Latn
| 32,980 |
scientific definition of fault
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Summary Author: Dave Lynch. A fault is a crack in a rock along which slippage has occurred. If thereâs no movement, the crack is called a joint. Most faults are small, even microscopic. Only the large ones get names, like the San Andreas Fault. The upper picture shows a small fault in fine-grained basaltic rock that was intruded by molten quartz.
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fault. A fault is a fracture along which the blocks of crust on either side have moved relative to one another parallel to the fracture. Strike-slip, normal, and reverse faults. A reverse fault with a small dip angle is called a thrust fault.ault. A fault is a fracture along which the blocks of crust on either side have moved relative to one another parallel to the fracture. Strike-slip, normal, and reverse faults. A reverse fault with a small dip angle is called a thrust fault.
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eng_Latn
| 32,981 |
what kind of fault is the san andreas fault
|
The san Andreas fault is a transform boundary between two plates. The resultant fault of a transform boundary is a strike-slip fault. The North American plate and the Pacific â¦plate are both moving vertically in different directions.
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The San Andreas Fault is the sliding boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. It slices California in two from Cape Mendocino to the Mexican border. San Diego, Los Angeles and Big Sur are on the Pacific Plate.
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eng_Latn
| 32,982 |
how was san andreas fault formed
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The San Andreas fault was formed by the movement of the North American and Pacific tectonic plates sliding past each other in opposite directions. This movement causes displacement of objects on each side of the fault as stress from the movement builds up. Continue Reading.
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Map of the San Andreas Fault, showing relative motion. The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1300 km (810 miles) through California. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip (horizontal).ecent studies of past earthquakes indicate that there is a correlation in time between seismic events on the northern San Andreas Fault and the southern part of the Cascadia subduction zone (which stretches from Vancouver Island to northern California).
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eng_Latn
| 32,983 |
how do faults form
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Normal fault. We classify faults by how the two rocky blocks on either side of a fault move relative to each other. The one you see here is a normal fault. A normal fault drops rock on one side of the fault down relative to the other side. Take a look at the side that shows the fault and arrows indicating movement.
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Folds and faults. A cross-section through a rift valley Sliding plates and drifting continents are responsible for some of the Earthâs major landscape features. If a large slab or plate of the Earthâs surface is gradually squeezed, the solid rock slowly wrinkles and crumples. Its layers become wavy folds. When, in other places, rocks are stretched or bent they crack or split along weak points. These cracks are known as faults. They may be straight or zigzag and form narrow slits or wide valleys.
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eng_Latn
| 32,984 |
Faults are generally closely associated with
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C. horst. D. mountain belt. Weegy: A downwarped structure with a circular shape is a basin. Expert answered|debnjerry|Points 32701|User: Faults are generally closely associated with A. monoclines. B. anticlines. C. synclines. D. symmetrical folds. Weegy: Faults are generally closely associated with monoclines.. horst. D. mountain belt. Weegy: A downwarped structure with a circular shape is a basin. Expert answered|debnjerry|Points 32701|User: Faults are generally closely associated with A. monoclines. B. anticlines. C. synclines. D. symmetrical folds. Weegy: Faults are generally closely associated with monoclines.
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Reverse faulting reflects compressive forces squeezing a region and they are common in uplifting mountain ranges and along the coast of many regions bordering the Pacific Ocean. The largest earthquakes are generally low-angle (shallow dipping) reverse faults associated with subduction plate boundaries.f the motion was down, the fault is called a normal fault, if the movement was up, the fault is called a reverse fault. Downward movement is normal because we normally would expect the hanging wall to slide downward along the foot wall because of the pull of gravity.
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eng_Latn
| 32,985 |
what is the underlying principle of seismograph construction?
|
A seismograph is the device that scientists use to measure earthquakes. The goal of a seismograph is to accurately record the motion of the ground during a quake. If you live in a city, you may have noticed that buildings sometimes shake when a big truck or a subway train rolls by.
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A seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time.Seismograms typically record motions in three cartesian axes (x, y, and z), with the z axis perpendicular to the Earth's surface and the x-and y-axes parallel to the surface.herefore, on seismograms, each line measures thirty minutes. This is a more efficient way to read a seismogram. Secondly, there are the minute-marks. A minute mark looks like a hyphen - between each minute.
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eng_Latn
| 32,986 |
where does a transform fault boundary occur
|
The San Andreas Fault is the transform boundary between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate. During the 1906 San Francisco earthquake the northern section of the San Andreas Fault slipped northward along the fault from San Juan Bautista to Cape Mendocino, a total of 296 miles (477km).
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The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a transform boundary exhibiting dextral motion. Divergent boundaries (Constructive) occur where two plates slide apart from each other. At zones of ocean-to-ocean rifting, divergent boundaries form by seafloor spreading, allowing for the formation of new ocean basin.
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eng_Latn
| 32,987 |
where would you find a transform boundary on earth
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Transform boundaries occur when two plates are sliding along each other in opposing directions. Due to friction when the plates buckle and shift, they often cause earthquakes. ⦠A famous transform fault is the San Andreas fault in California.
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Lastly, transform boundaries are formed when tectonic plates slide and grind against each other. These types of boundaries are found on ocean floors along mid-ocean ridges. A very popular one is the San Andreas fault, located in California. Landforms, Earthquakes, and Plate Tectonics.
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eng_Latn
| 32,988 |
the ____ is (are) an example of a transform boundary.
|
The San Andreas fault is one of only a few examples of a transform boundary between two tectonic plates that is exposed on a continent. Some other continental transforms are the Alpine fault in New Zealand and the Dead Sea Transform fault system in the Middle East.
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Illustration of Plate Boundary Types - 95k. Transform faults are found where plates slide past one another. An example of a transform-fault plate boundary is the San Andreas fault, along the coast of California and northwestern Mexico.Earthquakes at transform faults tend to occur at shallow depths and form fairly straight linear patterns.arthquakes can also occur within plates, although plate-boundary earthquakes are much more common. Less than 10 percent of all earthquakes occur within plate interiors. As plates continue to move and plate boundaries change over geologic time, weakened boundary regions become part of the interiors of the plates.
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eng_Latn
| 32,989 |
which is an example of a transform (strike-slip) plate boundary?
|
San Andreas Fault. The San Andreas Fault is the transform boundary between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate. During the 1906 San Francisco earthquake the northern section of the San Andreas Fault slipped northward along the fault from San Juan Bautista to Cape Mendocino, a total of 296 miles (477km).
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The San Andreas Fault in California is a well-known example of this type of Strike-Slip fault. Los Angeles on the Pacific plate side is moving northwest, while San Francisco on the North American plate side, is moving southeast. Figure 4 The San Andreas Fault. (USGS). As the plates move they grind against each other at Plate boundaries.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,990 |
what is a liquefaction seismic hazard zone
|
Seismic hazard. A seismic hazard is the probability that an earthquake will occur in a given geographic area, within a given window of time, and with ground motion intensity exceeding a given threshold.
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liquefaction means turning into liquid. In architecture and civil engineering, liquefaction often is used to describe the effects of earthquakes on certain kinds ⦠of soil, making them act (at least temporarily during the earthquake) more like a liquid.iquefaction is the process by which a solid or gas becomes a liquid, or where a solid displays the qualities of a liquid. 2 people found this useful. Edit. Share to: Notyouraveragedummy ...
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eng_Latn
| 32,991 |
which type of force is responsible for normal fault formation?
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These faults are named according to the type of stress that acts on the rock and by the nature of the movement of the rock blocks either side of the fault plane. Normal faults occur when tensional forces act in opposite directions and cause one slab of the rock to be displaced up and the other slab down (Figure 10l-9). Figure 10l-9: Animation of a normal fault. Reverse faults develop when compressional forces exist (Figure 10l-10). Compression causes one block to be pushed up and over the other block.
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With both normal and reverse faults, movement occurs vertically. A normal fault is usually associated with plates that are diverging. Tension weakens the crust until the rock fractures, and one block of rock moves downward relative to the other. A reverse fault is usually associated with plates that are colliding. Compression forces a fault block upward. A thrust fault is a special kind of reverse fault where one or more plates are under the ocean. At a thrust fault, a plate below the sea is moving under another plate, thrusting its edge upward. The process of one plate diving under the other is called subduction. Thrust faults can produce larger earthquakes than strike-slip faults.
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eng_Latn
| 32,992 |
can you see plates move in earthquake
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Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: ÏεκÏονικÏÏ pertaining to building) is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of 7 large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, over the last 100's of millions of years.
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They are not evenly distributed; the boundaries between the plates grind against each other, producing most earthquakes. So the lines of earthquakes help define the plates: (from the USGS) In cross section, the Earth releases its internal heat by convecting, or boiling much like a pot of pudding on the stove.
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eng_Latn
| 32,993 |
define fault jogs
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Fault bends are based on recognizing a change in strike direction of between 15° and 45° along an individual fault trace. Fault jogs are based on separation between fault terminations where a line that would pin the two faults is >45° from the strike of the individual fault strands.
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fault. 1 a defect or imperfection; flaw; failing: a fault in the brakes; a fault in one's character. 2 responsibility for failure or a wrongful act: It is my fault that we have not finished. 3 an error or mistake: a fault in addition. 4 a misdeed or transgression: to confess one's faults.
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eng_Latn
| 32,994 |
what is the collapse zone
|
Collapse zone. A collapse zone is an area around a structure, usually a burning structure, that may suffer structural collapse. A collapse zone affects firefighters working on the exterior of a structure. Contents.
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Definition of gravitational collapse. : the tendency of matter to move toward a common center of gravity (as in the formation of galaxies); especially : the rapid collapse of a star at the end of its life cycle.
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eng_Latn
| 32,995 |
what causes segmentation fault
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Perhaps the most important point to keep in mind here, however, is that in general, these are not guaranteed to cause a segmentation fault, and that often, the segmentation fault that they cause will only occur sometime later, in a completely unrelated operation.
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In the case of the San Andreas fault continental transform, many earthquakes occur away from the plate boundary and are related to strains developed within the broader zone of deformation caused by major irregularities in the fault trace (e.g., the Big bend region).
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eng_Latn
| 32,996 |
define angular unconformity
|
Angular Unconformity. An angular unconformity is the result of erosion of tilted layers of sedimentary rock. The erosion surface is buried under younger, horizontal layers of sedimentary rock.
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unconformities are the record of major episodes of uplift, erosion and subsidence during the growth of the continents as earth history progressed. they are therefore important evidence for crustal mobility throughout earth history.
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eng_Latn
| 32,997 |
what is faulting
|
faulting - (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; they built it right over a geological fault; he studied the faulting of the earth's crust. geological fault, fracture, break, fault, shift. 1 geology - a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks. 2 fault line - (geology) line determined by the intersection of a geological fault and the earth's surface. 3 crack, scissure, cleft, crevice, fissure - a long narrow opening.
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What is the difference between folding and faulting? (1) Folding is the wrinkling of the earth's surface from slow lateral compression (2) Faulting is the rupture or breaking of the earth's surface from faster process. Name and define the two types of weathering. (1) Physical (Mechanical) weathering - disintegrates rocks without altering the chemical composition
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eng_Latn
| 32,998 |
transform plate boundaries definition
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Transform Plate Boundaries are locations where two plates slide past one another. The fracture zone that forms a transform plate boundary is known as a transform fault. Most transform faults are found in the ocean basin and connect offsets in the mid-ocean ridges.
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There are three kinds of plate tectonic boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. This image shows the three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform. Image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.
|
eng_Latn
| 32,999 |
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