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what is american express acronym
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American Express. American Express Company, also known as AmEx, is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Three World Financial Center, Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. Founded in 1850, it is one of the 30 components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
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Visa® is a registered trademark of Visa International Service Association. Visa International Service Association is not a sponsor of, and is not affiliated with credit-card-logos.com. American Express® is a registered trademark of American Express Company. American Express Company, is not a sponsor of and is not affiliated with credit-card-logos.com.
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eng_Latn
| 33,800 |
what is the jda
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All Good Things About JDA - What is JDA? By James Del Monte, JDA Professional Services, Inc. JDA is a Houston-based professional recruiting firm for the IT (Information Technology) industry. We are committed to helping Houston IT professionals find a better job than you can find on your own. Our extensive client list can expose you to the hidden job market.
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RedPrairie (now part of JDA) WMS Reviews. Note: In 2012, RedPrairie was acquired by supply chain software company JDA. The merger was completed on December 21, 2012, and RedPrairie is now a part of JDA. JDA offers two options for warehouse management: their flagship on-premise warehouse management solution (WMS) or a SaaS (software-as-a-service) product On-Demand Warehouse Management System.
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eng_Latn
| 33,801 |
who is vertiv?
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(Learn how and when to remove these template messages) Vertiv, formerly Emerson Network Power, is a global provider of mission critical equipment for vital applications in data centers., communication networks, and commercial and industrial environments. Platinum Equity acquired the network power business from Emerson Electric in a transaction valued in excess of $4 billion, completed in December 2016.
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In continuum mechanics, the vorticity is a pseudovector field that describes the local spinning motion of a continuum near some point (the tendency of something to rotate ), as would be seen by an observer located at that point and traveling along with the flow.
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eng_Latn
| 33,802 |
what is leap program microsoft
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The LEAP program is a 16 week immersive diversity program that combines traditional classroom learning with hands-on projects in a real-world development experience. It is through a contracting company sponsored by Microsoft. Each intern is considered a Microsoft contractor and is paid hourly.
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Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Plan. American Stock Transfer, Microsoft's transfer agent, administers a direct stock purchase plan and a dividend reinvestment program for the company. To find out more about these programs you may contact AST directly at (800) 285-7772, Option 1, between the hours of 5 A.M. and 5 P.M. Pacific Time, Monday through Fridays. Alternatively, you can the view program online by going to AST's Web site. Microsoft pays a quarterly dividend of $0.36 per share.
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eng_Latn
| 33,803 |
where was oracle founded
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Oracle Corporation incorporated in California on June 16, 1977. Oracle Systems Corporation incorporated in California on October 29, 1982. Oracle Systems incorporated in Delaware on October 29, 1986. Ozark Holding Inc. incorporated in Delaware on September 9, 2005, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Oracle Corporation.
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The property located at 7700 W Parmer Lane in Williamson County will accommodate Oracleâs new office building. The structure is currently occupied by Freescale Semiconductor Inc., which announced it would relocate its operations to South Austin by the end of 2013.
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eng_Latn
| 33,804 |
what is bizspark and bizspark plus
|
This includes the launch of the BizSpark Residency Programme that houses startups with promising market potential at the revamped Microsoft Innovation Centre, and an enhanced BizSpark Plus Programme that provides US$120,000 (S$162,000) worth of Azure cloud services credits per year (up from US$60,000 [S$81,000] per year previously) to qualifying ...
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1 If you have not signed up for a Microsoft account, do so using the email address you wish to use for your BizSpark account. 2 To start your BizSpark application, go to the BizSpark Registration Page. 3 You must be signed in to your Microsoft account; if not, the system will prompt you to do so.
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eng_Latn
| 33,805 |
where is autel located
|
This Privacy Statement applies to www.auteltech.com. www.auteltech.com is owned and maintained by Autel Intelligent Technology Company, SZICC Bldg, Shenzhen, China. The business purpose of this website is to provide subscriptions to the aftermarket to up-to-date web-based technical service information and training, and to diagnostic tools.
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Contact Me. Welcome. Hello, Iâm Roger Bond, and I welcome you to my website showing up-to-date information on all MLS listed real estate properties located in the Grand Lake Oklahoma area. Iâve designed this website to help you easily and efficiently find your new home on Grand Lake.
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eng_Latn
| 33,806 |
what does msa guarantee
|
Report Abuse. MSA simply provides a safe altitude, or series of safe altitudes. If I remember correctly, at the msa you are guaranteed 1,000' over any obstacle and terrain. The 25nm example you give is a 25nm radius from whatever the point is.It could be an airport, a fix, vor, ndb, outter marker, whatever.eport Abuse. MSA simply provides a safe altitude, or series of safe altitudes. If I remember correctly, at the msa you are guaranteed 1,000' over any obstacle and terrain. The 25nm example you give is a 25nm radius from whatever the point is.
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The easy way to license what you need. The Microsoft Products and Services Agreement (MPSA) is the easy way to buy all the cloud services and on-premises software that you need. With the MPSA, you can choose whether to deploy on-premises or in the cloud, or to create a hybrid environmentâwhatever works best for your organization.
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eng_Latn
| 33,807 |
what is prime customer jio
|
With these data benefits, itâs clear that signing up for Jio Prime is an obvious decision for any Reliance Jio customer - you get a lot more data at a once-a-year fee of Rs. 99. At the lower price points, you're often doubling the amount of data you can use - for just about Rs. 8 more per month.
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Primerica, Inc. is a United States-based insurance and financial services company, which uses a hybrid model of direct selling, franchising and distribution. As of 2016, it reported 116,827 independent representatives. Primerica is headquartered in Duluth, Georgia and conducts business principally in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico.
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eng_Latn
| 33,808 |
what makes a veh commercial
|
For the purposes other than parking, stopping and standing rules, a vehicle designed, maintained, or used primarily for the transportation of property or for the provision of commercial services and bearing commercial plates is considered a commercial vehicle.
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Vevo (/ËviËvoÊ/ ; VEE-voh; stylized vevo or VEVO) is a multinational video hosting service owned and operated by a joint venture of Universal Music Group (UMG), Google, Sony Music Entertainment (SME), and Abu Dhabi Media, and based in New York City.evo offers music videos from two of the big three major record labels, UMG and SME.
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eng_Latn
| 33,809 |
what is a npn for an insurance agent
|
A national producer number, or NPN, is a tool to protect individual insurance agents and agencies from identity theft and fraudulent representations made to the National Insurance Producer Registry, or NIPR.
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NPI is an advisor to procurement, finance, supply chain and IT executives for some of the world's most recognized brands. The objectives that lead clients to engage NPI tend to vary by role.
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eng_Latn
| 33,810 |
what does sei stand for in finance
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SEI Investments Company. SEI Investments Company, formerly Simulated Environments Inc, is a financial services company headquartered in Oaks, Pennsylvania, United States. The company describes itself as a global provider of investment processing, investment management, and investment operations solutions.
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We Can Help. The SEI is focused on delivery, support, and integration of software-intensive systems acquisition practices to help acquisition program offices. The SEI is positioning itself as a facilitator and leader of a community of practice for the acquisition of software-intensive systems. Spotlight on Acquisition Support.
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eng_Latn
| 33,811 |
what is avm in computers
|
Automated Valuation Model (AVM) An automated valuation model (AVM) is a service that providers lenders with a computer-generated property value. AVM property values are based on comparable property sales in your area, title records and other market factors.
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âAn âEstimateâ is a computer-generated approximation of a property's market value calculated by means of the Automated Value Model (AVM).
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eng_Latn
| 33,812 |
what is wdp's company history?
|
well...WDP does make angel markers. Angels are great, but expensive as hell. once you buy it, you are bound to upgrade it. So far everyone that I know that owns a angel, they are quite happy with the tech support. if you need more info on WDP just go to their site. just for the record, I'm a cocker fan and my girl's a angel fan.\n\nwww.wdp.tv
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You might want to try google but this should help.\n\nhttp://www.angelfire.com/punk2/walktheplank/demis.html
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eng_Latn
| 33,813 |
default industries
|
Default Industries is a company in Robot and Monster founded by the Default family. The... Default Industries is a company in Robot and Monster founded by the Default family. The company's current owner is Gart Default, who was given the company by his father, Bricklin Default, for his tenth birthday. Gart also runs the Blinking Light Factory, a property of the company.
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Default (adjective) pertains to something that is used when something else is not supplied or specified. For example, a default printer is a type of printer that is assumed to be connected to a computer unless the computer user specifies another type that is actually connected.
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eng_Latn
| 33,814 |
asking a question about software licences on Stack Overflow
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Where can I ask about Software Licenses/Licensing?
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Where can I ask about Software Licenses/Licensing?
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eng_Latn
| 33,815 |
How can we be so sure that only credentials of Topcoder and Github are required to get into a product-based company?
|
How can you be so sure that only credentials of Topcoder and Github are required to get into a product based company?
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What are Authentication Factors?
|
eng_Latn
| 33,816 |
encore marketing
|
Established in 1994 by experienced Reprographics and Electronics Service professionals for providing service support to Office equipments in Malabar, Encore Marketing is a leading supplier of photocopiers and Multi functionals to Home , small business firms,Corporats,Educational Institutions and all Govt Sectors in North Kerala.
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www.adobe.com /products /encore.html Adobe Encore (previously Adobe Encore DVD) is a DVD authoring software tool produced by Adobe Systems and targeted at professional video producers. Video and audio resources may be used in their current format for development, allowing the user to transcode them to MPEG-2 video and Dolby Digital audio upon project completion.
|
eng_Latn
| 33,817 |
what is thawte certificate
|
Thawte is a large certificate authority, owned by Symantec, that sells SSL certificate products.Thawte was established in 1995 (sold to VeriSign in 1999), and is headquartered in Cape Town, South Africa.hawte is a large certificate authority, owned by Symantec, that sells SSL certificate products.
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Thawte Consulting is a certificate authority (CA) for X.509 certificates. Thawte was founded in 1995 by Mark Shuttleworth in South Africa and is the fifth largest public CA on the Internet.ith 100 or more points, a person became a Thawte Notary. When a person becomes a notary, they were initially listed underneath their country. They could then change that location and add text to advertise the services they offer.
|
eng_Latn
| 33,818 |
Would one say "...a vendor who..." or "...a vendor that..."?
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How to use "who" vs. "that"
|
How to use "who" vs. "that"
|
eng_Latn
| 33,819 |
A complement component C3-like protein from the tunicate, Styela plicata.
|
A second form of collagenous lectin from the tunicate, Styela plicata
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A synthesized cationic tetradecapeptide from hornet venom kills bacteria and neutralizes lipopolysaccharide in vivo and in vitro.
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eng_Latn
| 33,820 |
Hydrophobins: the protein-amphiphiles of filamentous fungi.
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Protein HGFI from the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa is a novel 8 kDa class I hydrophobin that forms rodlets in compressed monolayers
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That's my story, and I'm sticking to it—an update on B. burgdorferi adhesins
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eng_Latn
| 33,821 |
wounding permeability are uncoupled during aseptic cutaneous Dynamics of neutrophil extravasation and vascular
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Endothelial cell cytosolic free calcium regulates neutrophil migration across monolayers of endothelial cells
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Site-specific glycoproteomics confirms that protein structure dictates formation of N-glycan type, core fucosylation and branching
|
eng_Latn
| 33,822 |
The sex-specific agglutinin from mating type 5 of Hansenula wingei was purified by absorption on and elution from cells of type 21. When purified 5-agglutinin was reduced with thiols, its ability to agglutinate type 21 was destroyed and approximately six small fragments ( s 25 = 1.7S, M = 12,000) were released from the major reduced component. Approximately five disulfide bonds were present in the average 5-agglutinin particle, as estimated from 35 S label. Allowing for variation among different preparations, it appears that each particle of 1.7S component is linked to the major reduced component by one disulfide bond. After fractionation, neither the 1.7S reduced component nor the major one were specifically absorbed by type 21 cells, but mixtures of both components were partially absorbed by type 21 cells after the disulfide bonds had been reformed by oxidation. It is concluded that the 1.7S component is not the complete combining site of 5-agglutinin, but that both reduced components carry parts of the combining site, which is stabilized by the disulfide bond joining them.
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To measure the flagellar adhesiveness of Chlamydomonas gametes in a more quantitative manner than agglutination assays permit, a binding assay was developed which measured the binding of radioactive flagella of one mating type to unlabeled gametes of the opposite mating type. With the appropriate assay conditions, the number of [3H] flagella specifically bound was shown to be proportional to the number of cells in the incubation mixture and, therefore, to the number of binding sites that were present. The assay was used to study the effects of trypsin treatment on the loss and development of flagellar binding sites. It was shown that after trypsin treatment at least 9 h were required for the return of a full complement of binding sites to the flagellar surface; moreover, the results indicated that these sites reappeared on existing, extended flagella.
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We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
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eng_Latn
| 33,823 |
Transport intermediates (TIs) have a central role in intracellular traffic, and much effort has been directed towards defining their molecular organization. Unfortunately, major uncertainties remain regarding their true structure in living cells. To address this question, we have developed an approach based on the combination of the green fluorescent protein technology and correlative light-electron microscopy, by which it is possible to monitor an individual carrier in vivo and then take a picture of its ultrastructure at any moment of its life-cycle. We have applied this technique to define the structure of TIs operating from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, whose in vivo dynamics have been characterized recently by light microscopy. We find that these carriers are large (ranging from 0.3-1.7 microm in maximum diameter, nearly half the size of a Golgi cisterna), comprise almost exclusively tubular-saccular structures, and fuse directly with the plasma membrane, sometimes minutes after docking to the fusion site.
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The processes of life take place in multiple dimensions, but imaging these processes in even three dimensions is challenging. Here, we describe a workflow for 3D correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) of cell monolayers using fluorescence microscopy to identify and follow biological events, combined with serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to analyse the underlying ultrastructure. The workflow encompasses all steps from cell culture to sample processing, imaging strategy, and 3D image processing and analysis. We demonstrate successful application of the workflow to three studies, each aiming to better understand complex and dynamic biological processes, including bacterial and viral infections of cultured cells and formation of entotic cell-in-cell structures commonly observed in tumours. Our workflow revealed new insight into the replicative niche of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in primary human lymphatic endothelial cells, HIV-1 in human monocyte-derived macrophages, and the composition of the entotic vacuole. The broad application of this 3D CLEM technique will make it a useful addition to the correlative imaging toolbox for biomedical research.
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Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child.
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eng_Latn
| 33,824 |
Ten toxin and, to a lesser extent, dihydrotentoxin (both at lOmmol m~3) reduce stomatal opening in epidermal strips of Commelina communis in the light but not in darkness. This effect was significantly greater in normal air than in C02-free air. Fusicoccin overcame the tentoxin effect. However, tentoxin did not inhibit stomatal opening in the light in epidermal strips of Paphiopedilum harrisianum, a species which lacks guard cell chloroplasts. It is concluded that tentoxin exerts its action on stomata not by an ionophorous effect in the plasmalemma of guard cells but by the inhibition of photophosphorylation in their chloroplasts. The effects of DCMU and tentoxin on guard cells are discussed in terms of their effects on chloroplasts and the extent to which energy is supplied from this organelle during stomatal opening in the light. The results indicate that neither photophosphorylation nor non-cyclic electron transport in guard cell chloroplasts are essential for stomatal opening.
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Two key physiological parameters of plant leaves, photosynthesis and transpiration, can be continuously monitored by, respectively, chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging and thermography. These non-contact techniques immediately visualize any local stress or treatment affecting either photosynthetic efficiency or water status. Photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides, including the phenylurea derivatives diuron and linuron, cause a marked increase in chlorophyll a fluorescence several days before appearance of chlorosis. Here, bioprotection through microbial degradation of linuron in the feeding solution of common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was monitored by the absence of an increase in chlorophyll a fluorescence in primary leaves. The different treatments and repeats were imaged sequentially at 2 h intervals using a robotized system with thermal, fluorescence and video cameras. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging visualized the effect of linuron transported by the transpiration stream earlier than thermography. In addition, local effects and transport after topical application of diuron were recorded presymptomatically in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Thermal imaging clearly monitored localized stomatal closure, coinciding with the first increase in chlorophyll fluorescence, at the sites of diuron treatment. In conclusion, the robotized chlorophyll a fluorescence set-up permits fully reliable, early high-contrast visualization for bioremediation purposes.
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Clostridial glucosylating toxins are the main virulence factors of clostridia responsible for gangrene and/or colitis. These toxins have been well characterized to inactivate Rho/Ras-GTPases through glucosylation. However, the signalling pathways downstream of Rho/Ras-GTPases leading to the intracellular effects of these toxins are only partially known. Rac-dependent modification of focal adhesion complexes and phosphoinositide metabolism seem to be key processes involved in actin filament depolymerization and disorganization of intercellular junctions. In addition, clostridial glucosylating toxins induce Rho/Ras-independent intracellular effects such as activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, which are used by some of these toxins to trigger an inflammatory response.
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eng_Latn
| 33,825 |
Center of Excellence in Biotechnology (Research)
|
Abstract : The ARO Center of Excellence in Biotechnology was established within the Cornell University Biotechnology Program in 1986. The research focus of the Center was protein structure and function, with special emphasis on enzymes and receptors. Research projects funded through the Center represented a multidisciplinary attack on the molecular basis of how proteins and enzymes work, how energy and enzymic processes are coupled through cell membranes, how membrane receptors are used to transmit signals to the cell, and how signals are transmitted in the nervous system. The final report summarizes the results of the research.... Nervous system, Center of excellence, Biotechnology, Enzymes, Receptors, Proteins, Cell membranes, Membrane receptors.
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This article introduces how the Beijing Shijitan Hospital develops advanced speical services with divergence strategy.This hospital analyzes development condition and looks for new development fields so that advanced special services could be beingwith general support and management.
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eng_Latn
| 33,826 |
A study on actual conditions of closed elementary and junior high school facilities in the 23 wards in Tokyo and the planning process for reusing and utilizing these facilities
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Japan has been reached the real aged society with fewer children, and the number of school students is decreasing. As the society grows mature, the consolidation and the integration of the public schools are promoted, and the number of the closed school facilities is increasing. The authors investigated the planning process of reusing and utilizing closed school facilities, and the actual conditions of the facilities in the 23 wards in Tokyo. In this paper, the planning processes are classified and the effects of the different planning processes are analyzed. It was found from the result of the analysis that the planning processes had a variety of effects on reusing and utilizing closed school facilities.
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Abstract : The ARO Center of Excellence in Biotechnology was established within the Cornell University Biotechnology Program in 1986. The research focus of the Center was protein structure and function, with special emphasis on enzymes and receptors. Research projects funded through the Center represented a multidisciplinary attack on the molecular basis of how proteins and enzymes work, how energy and enzymic processes are coupled through cell membranes, how membrane receptors are used to transmit signals to the cell, and how signals are transmitted in the nervous system. The final report summarizes the results of the research.... Nervous system, Center of excellence, Biotechnology, Enzymes, Receptors, Proteins, Cell membranes, Membrane receptors.
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eng_Latn
| 33,827 |
Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of secretory cells in the skin of the leech, Dina lineata
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The ultrastructure and histochemical features of the two types of secretory cells in leech skin are described. Pear-shaped cells secrete mucus containing carboxylated mucosubstances, while tubular cells produce a mucus containing a mixture of neutral, carboxylated, and sulfated mucosubstances. Pear-shaped secretory cells have two types of neuroglandular junctions, one containing dense-core serotonergic vesicles and the other small clear vesicles. Tubular secretory cells have large terminals, with many clear vesicles thought to be cholinergic. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Data on the existence of a specific system regulating the growth, size, and structure of enterobacterial populations are first summarized in terms of the chemical ecology concept formulated by S.S. Shvarts. The role of this system in transgene functioning is described using the example of the lux operon integrated into Escherichia coli. A relatively simple test for estimating such interactions is proposed.
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eng_Latn
| 33,828 |
Whyare bacterial cells covered with a cell wall?
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Do bacterial cells have a cell wall or cell membrain?
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Do bacterial cells have a cell wall or cell membrain?
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eng_Latn
| 33,829 |
What are the cells that protect the body by ingesting invading bacteria are?
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A cell that protects the body by eating invading is known as?
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A cell that protects the body by eating invading is known as?
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eng_Latn
| 33,830 |
What does guard cells look like?
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Why does the Guard Cell include Chloroplast?
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How do you know wot cells look like can somebody answer this plz?
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eng_Latn
| 33,831 |
Kupffer cells in this organ destroy worn out blood cells & filter bacteria
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Microbiology Chapter 14 Flashcards | Quizlet Lymphoid organ in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity; filters blood instead of ... to remove worn-out blood cells; filters pathogens from blood for phagocytosis .... movement of white blood cells from the bloodstream into the tissues ... consists of over 30 blood proteins, works together to destroy bacteria and viruses.
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Star Trek Trouble With Tribbles, The When the U.S.S. Enterprise receives a top-priority order to protect a shipment of quadrotriticale grain on Deep Space Station K-7, Kirk is irritated to be guarding a...
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eng_Latn
| 33,832 |
Including the cytoplasm, this jellylike material makes up the cells of all living organisms
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Cell - humans, examples, body, used, water, process, plants, type Two types of cells are recognized in living things: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. ... Within the cytoplasm of eukaryotes are embedded the cellular organelles. ... In addition, in some bacteria, a jelly-like material known as a capsule coats the cell wall. .... make up the material from which cells and cell parts themselves are made.
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Game # Jeopardy Review Game Answer Key - Super Teacher Tools #1, They're integral to New England and Manhattan-style chowder, Clams. #2, Some 350 species of this creature form the Great Barrier Reef, Coral. #3, These...
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eng_Latn
| 33,833 |
What does bacteria use to adhere to surfaces?
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Bacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex arrangement of cells and extracellular components, forming secondary structures, such as microcolonies, through which there are networks of channels to enable better diffusion of nutrients. In natural environments, such as soil or the surfaces of plants, the majority of bacteria are bound to surfaces in biofilms. Biofilms are also important in medicine, as these structures are often present during chronic bacterial infections or in infections of implanted medical devices, and bacteria protected within biofilms are much harder to kill than individual isolated bacteria.
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Once a neuron is in place, it extends dendrites and an axon into the area around it. Axons, because they commonly extend a great distance from the cell body and need to reach specific targets, grow in a particularly complex way. The tip of a growing axon consists of a blob of protoplasm called a growth cone, studded with chemical receptors. These receptors sense the local environment, causing the growth cone to be attracted or repelled by various cellular elements, and thus to be pulled in a particular direction at each point along its path. The result of this pathfinding process is that the growth cone navigates through the brain until it reaches its destination area, where other chemical cues cause it to begin generating synapses. Considering the entire brain, thousands of genes create products that influence axonal pathfinding.
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eng_Latn
| 33,834 |
How are cells held in place in plants and fungi?
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All animals have eukaryotic cells, surrounded by a characteristic extracellular matrix composed of collagen and elastic glycoproteins. This may be calcified to form structures like shells, bones, and spicules. During development, it forms a relatively flexible framework upon which cells can move about and be reorganized, making complex structures possible. In contrast, other multicellular organisms, like plants and fungi, have cells held in place by cell walls, and so develop by progressive growth. Also, unique to animal cells are the following intercellular junctions: tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes.
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Another issue has been the use of a hypopodium as a standing platform to support the feet, given that the hands may not have been able to support the weight. In the 17th century Rasmus Bartholin considered a number of analytical scenarios of that topic. In the 20th century, forensic pathologist Frederick Zugibe performed a number of crucifixion experiments by using ropes to hang human subjects at various angles and hand positions. His experiments support an angled suspension, and a two-beamed cross, and perhaps some form of foot support, given that in an Aufbinden form of suspension from a straight stake (as used by the Nazis in the Dachau concentration camp during World War II), death comes rather quickly.
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eng_Latn
| 33,835 |
the layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis
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The keratinocytes originate from human epidermal stem cells present in the stratum germinativum (basal layer of epidermis). The progeny of these stem cells are termed transit amplifying (TA) cells. TA cells also reside in the basal layer and undergo mitosis.s the granulosum keratinocytes are pushed into lucidum layer, they become transparent or translucent and get flattened. The lucidum keratinocytes may be 3-5 layers in thickness and may undergo apoptosis releasing fatty substance. They contain a clear intermediate form of keratin called eleidin.
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Visitors to this page also searched for: Epidermal layer that involved continuous cell division The epidermal layer capable of continued cell division is the The layer of the epidermis which contains cells capable of continued cell divisi Skin cell continuous division. Community Experts online right now.isitors to this page also searched for: Epidermal layer that involved continuous cell division The epidermal layer capable of continued cell division is the The layer of the epidermis which contains cells capable of continued cell divisi Skin cell continuous division. Community Experts online right now.
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eng_Latn
| 33,836 |
what specific protein makes the epidermis tough
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keratin cells, which produce keratin, the fibrous protein that makes the epidermis a tough protective layer Stratum Basale the deepest cell layer of the epidermis, lies closest to the dermis and is connected to it along the wavy borderline that resembles corrugated cardboard. this layer contains epidermal cells that receive the most nourishment from diffusion from the dermis
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Keratinocytes- The most abundant cells of the epidermis. b. Keratin- The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for toughening the skin. c. Merkel disc- Cells plus a disc-like sensory nerve ending that functions as a sensory receptor for touch.
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eng_Latn
| 33,837 |
what is an encapsulated bacteria
|
Polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria, frequently referred to simply as encapsulated bacteria and less precisely called encapsulated organisms, are a group of bacteria that have an outer covering, a bacterial capsule, made of polysaccharide.
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E. faecalis is generally considered a non-encapsulated organism, shown by the âlack of a detectable mucoid phenotypeâ (3). However, subsets of E. faecalis isolates possess a capsular polysaccharide. E. faecalis can exchange genetic material (plasmids) by conjugation processes induced by small peptide pheromones (2).
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eng_Latn
| 33,838 |
what is the outer layer of the skin?
|
1 The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. 2 The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. 3 The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue.
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The epidermis. This is the outermost layer of your skin. There are three sub-layers within the epidermis itself: the outer stratum corneum, the middle squamous cell layer, and the bottom basal cell layer.The stratum corneum is the visible part of the epidermis and is actually a layer of dead skin cells immediately on the skin's surface.This layer uses a protein called keratin to form a tough barrier between the outside world and the more vulnerable cells inside the skin and body. Keratinocytes or squamous cells are in the middle layer of the epidermis and produce keratin, the protein that forms the protective outer layer. 2 Keratin also is used to produce hair and nails.
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eng_Latn
| 33,839 |
what is an endotoxin
|
Endotoxin is a component of the cell wall in Gram negative bacteria. Specifically, endotoxin is a major component of the outside portion of the outer membrane of the Gram negative cell wall. Endotoxin is a very strong pyrogen and is considered a bacterial toxin. Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS). There are two major parts to this molecule, the polysaccharide and lipid A. The polysaccharide is not toxic. It is hydrophilic and faces outward from the cell membrane and into the medium in which the bacteria is growing.
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Endotoxins consist of a core polysaccharide chain, O-specific polysaccharide side chains (O-antigen) and a lipid component, Lipid A, which is responsible for the toxic effects (see figure). Endotoxins are approximately 10 kDa in size, but readily form large aggregates up to 1000 kDa.ater is perhaps the greatest source of endotoxin contamination in the laboratory. High purity water is absolutely essential. While distillation and deionizing columns do not remove endotoxin, special columns or filtering systems have been shown to be effective.
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eng_Latn
| 33,840 |
what is the main function of villi?
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Where Are They Found. Microvilli are most often found in the small intestine, on the surface of egg cells, as well as on white blood cells. In the intestine, they work in conjunction with villi to absorb more nutrients and more material because they expand the surface area of the intestine.
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[IB Biology SL: Digestion] The Villi: Structure vs. Function. The villi are small finger-like projections of the wall of the small intestine which extend into the lumen or interior space of the small intestine. As digestion is completed in the small intestine, the villi are then bathed in a fluid which contains the nutrient subunits the cells need. These subunits include monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleic acids, glycerol and fatty acids.
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eng_Latn
| 33,841 |
what is the role of the endospore structure for a bacterium?
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from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. An endospore is a dormant, tough, non-reproductive structure produced by a small number of bacteria from the Firmicute family. The primary function of most endospores is to ensure the survival of a bacterium through periods of environmental stress. They are therefore resistant to ultraviolet and gamma radiation, desiccation, lysozyme, temperature, starvation, and chemical disinfectants.
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Like other members of the genus Bacillus, B. cereus can produce protective endospores. An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum. They are typically located at cells' centre and contain hydrophobic appendages.
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eng_Latn
| 33,842 |
function of tight junction
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tight junc·tion. An intercellular junction between epithelial cells in which the outer leaflets of lateral cell membranes fuse to form a variable number of parallel interweaving strands that greatly reduce transepithelial permeability to macromolecules, solutes, and water through the paracellular route.
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The junctional protein JAM-A is also involved in the control of mucosal homeostasis by regulating the integrity and Fig. 2.1 Barrier function of intestinal tight junctions (TJs). The intestinal epithelium provides a physical barrier to luminal bacteria, toxins, and antigens.The barrier is organized by different barrier components, including the TJs. The TJs regulate the paracellular passage of ions, solutes, and water between adjacent cells..1 Intestinal Permeability of Antigens 35 extending dendrites between epithelial cells. The role of M cells in the sampling of soluble antigens is not exclusive, and food antigens present in the proximal intestine can be transported through columnar enterocytes.
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eng_Latn
| 33,843 |
what is found on cell wall of gram negative bacteria
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Peptidoglycan (pep-tid-o-gly-can) is a molecule found only in the cell walls of bacteria. prokaryotes with protection from the environment. Article Summary: Amount and location of the peptidoglycan molecule in the prokaryotic cell wall determines whether a bacterium is Gram-positive or Gram-negative. You have free access to a large collection of materials used in two college-level introductory microbiology courses (8-week & 16-week).
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Gram-positive bacteria bind a stain known as Gram's stain to the peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Gram-negative bacteria have more complex cell walls and less peptidoglycan and therefore are unable to bind the stain to their cell walls.
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eng_Latn
| 33,844 |
which layer of the skin protects the body from bacterial infection and water loss?
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Layers of the Skin. The Epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, and protects the body from the environment. The thickness of the epidermis varies in different types of skin; it is only .05 mm thick on the eyelids, and is 1.5 mm thick on the palms and the soles of the feet.
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The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue.
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eng_Latn
| 33,845 |
what is merkel cell
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1. Distribution and localisation of Merkel cells. Merkel cells are epidermal cells localised in the basal layer of the epidermis and the epithelial sheath of hair follicles. The vast majority of Merkel cells are intimately associated with a nerve terminal but some are not.
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Epidermal dendritic cell that functions as an antigen-presenting cell during an immune response. Arise from red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis, where they constitute a small fraction of the epidermal cells. They participate in immune responses mounted against microbes that invade the skin, and are easily damaged by UV Light. Merkel Cells (help make 2%) Type of cell in the epidermis of hairless skin that makes contact with a merkel disc, which functions in touch. Located in the deepest layer of the epidermis, where they contact the flattened process of a sensory neuron called tactile disc.
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eng_Latn
| 33,846 |
what is premieropinion
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PremierOpinion. PremierOpinion (or Premier Opinion) is adware which gets into computers by piggybacking corrupt screensavers downloaded onto a computer system. Premier Opinion is one of the first badware programs that affects both Macs and PCs. The removal of PremierOpinion has proven to be rather difficult but experts say using a reliable antispyware program should do the trick.
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What is Laminin? Laminin is a protein that is part of the extracellular matrix in humans and animals. The extracellular matrix (ECM) lies outside of cells and provides support and attachment for cells inside organs (along with many other functions). Laminin has âarmsâ that associate with other laminin molecules to form sheets and bind to cells.
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eng_Latn
| 33,847 |
Which polysaccharide is usually found in the cell wall of fungi?
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Cell walls can be composed of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, or a combination of these. Cell walls provide increased mechanical strength and resistance to lysis by osmotic shock (water moving into the cell). Cell walls are found in the cells of eubacteria, archaebacteria, fungi, algae, and plants.The cell walls vary greatly in their compositions: 1 Eubacteria. 2 Almost all eubacterial species have cell walls containing a polysaccharide called peptidoglycan.ell walls are found in the cells of eubacteria, archaebacteria, fungi, algae, and plants. The cell walls vary greatly in their compositions: 1 Eubacteria. 2 Almost all eubacterial species have cell walls containing a polysaccharide called peptidoglycan.
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The Archean cell wall is made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. In fungi cell walls are made of glucosamine and chitin. In algae it is composed of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. The plant cell wall is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, glycoproteins, pectins and lignin.
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eng_Latn
| 33,848 |
what is phagocytosis
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Phagocytosis is a process used by cells to engulf and subsequently ingest particles of nutrients or bacteria. This process is a very important part of cell function, allowing cells to grab vital nutrients and allowing the body to protect itself from harmful bacteria.hagocytosis is important in the creation of food vacuoles for unicellular organisms, such as the paramecium. Phagocytosis helps the body protect itself from harmful bacteria. Phagocytes dispose of cells that have undergone apoptosis, or programmed cell death. View slideshow of images above.
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Macrophage function in detail. Phagocytosis. The term phagocytosis is formed form the Greek words phagein meaning to eat, kytos or cell and osis which means process. Phagocytosis is the term used to describe the engulfing and destroying of defective or microbial cells.
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eng_Latn
| 33,849 |
epidermis is which skin layer
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Function of the Epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of our skin. Tough and resilient, protection is its number one job. Think of a parka you may wear in the winter. The inside is lined with soft fleece, providing a layer of warmth.
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The epidermis. This is the outermost layer of your skin. There are three sub-layers within the epidermis itself: the outer stratum corneum, the middle squamous cell layer, and the bottom basal cell layer.
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eng_Latn
| 33,850 |
what protein makes the epidermis tough
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The stratum corneum is the visible part of the epidermis and is actually a layer of dead skin cells immediately on the skin's surface. This layer uses a protein called keratin to form a tough barrier between the outside world and the more vulnerable cells inside the skin and body.
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55) Which structure in the figure produces a protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes and chemicals? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.
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eng_Latn
| 33,851 |
the epidermis is composed of ________.
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Epidermis, in zoology, protective outermost portion of the skin. There are two layers of epidermis, the living basal layer, which is next to the dermis, and the external stratum corneum, or horny layer, which is composed of dead, keratin-filled cells that have migrated outward from the basal layer. The melanocytes, responsible for skin colour, are found in the basal cells.
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The epidermis is the outer (á¼Ïί epi in Greek meaning over or upon) of the two layers that make up the skin (or cutis; Greek δÎÏμα derma), the inner layer being the dermis.
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eng_Latn
| 33,852 |
what is the shape of s. aureus
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Cell structure and metabolism. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacteria, which means that the cell wall of this bacteria consists of a very thick peptidoglycan layer. They form spherical colonies in clusters in 2 planes and have no flagella.
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Like all Staphylococcus aureus (usually S. aureus but abbreviated SA at times), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a gram-positive, spherical bacterium that is about 1 micron in diameter. It does not form spores and it is non-motile. It forms grape-like clusters or chains.
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eng_Latn
| 33,853 |
which membrane reduces friction in joints
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The fibroblast cells produce hyaluronic acid, which increases viscosity and elasticity of cartilages, and lubricin, which reduces friction between the joint and mediates cell growth. The macrophages are responsible for removing microbes and debris resulting from wear and tear of the joint.
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Another type of serous fluid is secreted by the serous membranes (or serosa), two-layered membranes which line the body cavities. Serous membrane fluid collects on microvilli on the outer layer and acts as a lubricant and reduces friction from muscle movement. This can be seen in the lungs.
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eng_Latn
| 33,854 |
is endotoxin a physical attribute
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One of the most direct methods to inhibit endotoxin is to change the material structure of. the membrane itself, as the physical attributes of the membrane will perhaps have the. greatest effect on endotoxin removal.
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endotoxin (en´dÅtok´sin), n a nondiffusible lipid polysaccharide-polypeptide complex formed within bacteria (some gram-negative bacilli and others); when released from the destroyed bacterial cells, endotoxin is capable of producing a toxic manifestation within the host.
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eng_Latn
| 33,855 |
how many layers are in the epidermis
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Layers of the Epidermis. The epidermis is divided into five layers. From outside to inside (dermis). Of note, Langerhans cells, which are specialized antigen-presenting cells are present in all layers of the epidermis but are mostly in the stratum spinosum.
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Layers of the Epidermis. Epidermis of the skin usually has 4 layers but few areas where exposure to friction is greatest e.g. fingertips, palms, soles, etc. have 5 layers. The layers are: Stratum Basale â It is the deepest layer of epidermis and has a single layer of keratinocytes.
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eng_Latn
| 33,856 |
where can you find the olfactory epithelium what is its purpose
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The olfactory epithelium is a layer of odor-sensitive cells located inside the depths of the nose. These cells react to odors as they enter the nose, sending signals to the olfactory bulb.
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Olfactory Membrane. The olfactory membrane, or epithelium, is a layer of cells on the roof of the nasal cavity. It is made up of three layers of cells: the supporting cells, the olfactory receptor cells, and the basal cells.Supporting cells are similar to glial cells and help produce mucus.he olfactory membrane, or epithelium, is a layer of cells on the roof of the nasal cavity. It is made up of three layers of cells: the supporting cells, the olfactory receptor cells, and the basal cells.
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eng_Latn
| 33,857 |
what substance contributes to the cell walls of fungi
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Fungi and some ptotozoa also have cell walls. They are not the same as the plant cell walls made of cellulose. The other walls might be made from proteins or a substance called chitin. Chitin is another structural carbohydrate. They all serve the same purpose of protecting and maintaining structure, but they are very different molecules.
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Plant cell walls are primarily cellulose in construction. Bacterial cell walls are made of a material called peptidoglycan. The cell walls of fungi are made of chitin.he primary component of plant cell walls is cellulose. Other components include hemicellulose, pectin, and a variety of other molecules depending on the plant, but cellulose ⦠makes up by far the largest percentage of most plant cell walls.
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eng_Latn
| 33,858 |
in what part of the cell are peroxisome located
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Studies have shown that: (39â58%) of peroxisome are of eukaryotic origin (13â18%) are enzymes from the mitochondria. This lead to the conclusion that it did not have a endosymbiotic origin, but rather it used proteins from other eukaryotic cells.
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Making the world better, one answer at a time. The two types of lysosomes are Peroxisomes which is a vesicle containing oxidases and catalase. It's located by the smooth ER of the animal cell. The second type of lysosme is the Proteasome which is a tiny barrel-shaped structure that contain proteases.ysosomes are distributed among different types of eukaryotic cells by their level of nutrients. Cells processing a high quantity of larger nutrients will generally have m ⦠ore lysosomes than other cells.
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eng_Latn
| 33,859 |
animal cell what does the golgi apparatus do
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The Golgi Apparatus. The Golgi apparatus (GA), also called Golgi body or Golgi complex and found universally in both plant and animal cells, is typically comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered sacs called cisternae that look something like a stack of deflated balloons.he Golgi apparatus is often considered the distribution and shipping department for the cell's chemical products. It modifies proteins and lipids (fats) that have been built in the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export outside of the cell or for transport to other locations in the cell.
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The Golgi Apparatus. The Golgi apparatus (GA), also called Golgi body or Golgi complex and found universally in both plant and animal cells, is typically comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered sacs called cisternae that look something like a stack of deflated balloons.he Golgi Apparatus. The Golgi apparatus (GA), also called Golgi body or Golgi complex and found universally in both plant and animal cells, is typically comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered sacs called cisternae that look something like a stack of deflated balloons.
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eng_Latn
| 33,860 |
what is the function of the retinal pigment epithelium
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The pigmented layer of retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells.Contents. Secretion: The RPE is an epithelium which closely interacts with photoreceptors on one side but must also be able to interact with cells on the blood side of the epithelium, such as endothelial cells or cells of the immune system.
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Location: Covers surface of ovary, lines anterior surface of capsule. of the lens of eyes, forms pigmented epithelium of retina of eye, and. lines kidney tubules and smaller ducts of many glands. Function: Secretion and absorption.
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eng_Latn
| 33,861 |
granirapid liquid
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Mapei Adhesive Granirapid B (Liquid) High performance, deformable, fast setting and hydration two-component cementitious adhesive for ceramic tiles and stone material.
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10. List and describe the three main fluid compartments. Intracellular fluid (ICF) is the fluid in cells, and is also known as cytosol. Extracellular fluid (ECF) is the fluid found outside of cells.There are 2 major kinds of ECF. Interstitial fluid surrounds cells.ist and describe the three main fluid compartments. Intracellular fluid (ICF) is the fluid in cells, and is also known as cytosol. Extracellular fluid (ECF) is the fluid found outside of cells. There are 2 major kinds of ECF.
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oci_Latn
| 33,862 |
what is glycoprotein plentiful structure in the dermis of skin
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Apart from these cells, the dermis is also composed of matrix components such as collagen (which provides strength), elastin (which provides elasticity), and extrafibrillar matrix, an extracellular gel-like substance primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans (most notably hyaluronan), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.t also contains Mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and thermoreceptors that provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels are present in the dermis.
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1 43. ⢠2 At the surface of epithelium, the plasma membrane are embedded in the lipid layer of membrane, these are glycoprotein. ⢠3 It is believed that these glycoproteins make the membrane impervious & resistant to toxic effects of substance present in urine. 2. ⢠Perichondrium separates cartilage from surrounding tissues Functions: ⢠It supports soft tissues, coz it is smooth surface and resilient. ⢠2 Acts as a shock absorber and sliding area for joints and facilitates bone movements. 2.
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eng_Latn
| 33,863 |
what is the function of the stratum corneum
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The stratum corneum (or outermost layer of skin) provides the under layers of skin with protection from things like, drying out, becoming damaged, allowing infections to penetrate, etc. The stratum corneum is 20-30 cells layers thick and accounts for about 3/4 the thickness of the epidermis.
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Bottom to top: stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum licidum stratum corneum There are actually two main layers of skin, the dermis and the epidermis. The epidermis consists of five sublayers: Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidium, and stratum corneum.
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eng_Latn
| 33,864 |
what is a gabion wall
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A gabion wall is a retaining wall made of stacked stone-filled gabions tied together with wire. Gabion walls are usually battered (angled back towards the slope), or stepped back with the slope, rather than stacked vertically.
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The Archean cell wall is made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. In fungi cell walls are made of glucosamine and chitin. In algae it is composed of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. The plant cell wall is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, glycoproteins, pectins and lignin.
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eng_Latn
| 33,865 |
What are the 5 prepared slides that are included in this set?
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1. Tilia stem,c.s. 2. Onion bulb epidermis,w.m. 3. Com Root tip,L.S 4. Pine needle, T.S I unfortunately broke the last slide so I can't tell you what it is...Hope this helps!
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It says 1 billion cells of Bacillus coagulans...(in reality none....Bacillus is not flora) but in this case I think that is what they mean......then there is Protease, Amylase and Lipase I see no improvement btw
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eng_Latn
| 33,866 |
From the Latin for "parchment", this semi-permeable barrier surrounds a cell's cytoplasm
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Index Richards on the Brain Active Transport: see "human anatomy:cells:cellular transport." Activity Theory ..... Blood Brain Barrier: see neuroanatomy." Blood Clot: see ... CPEB: see cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein. ...... Latin Grammar School: see "learning:schools." ...... Semipermeable: see human anatomy:cells:cell structures..
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Exide cleanup: Parts of three L.A.-area schools are fenced off due to ... Aug 17, 2016 ... Crews have fenced off parts of three LAUSD schools near the closed ... The district began putting up fencing last week under the instructions of toxic waste regulators, ... to find and remove contaminated soil from homes, schools, day care .... into surrounding communities for decades before being shut down...
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eng_Latn
| 33,867 |
However , this division is not absolute , and some proteoglycans have both structural and regulatory roles ( see versican ) .
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Some proteoglycans have both structural and regulatory roles ( see versican ) .
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Neumann stressed three things particular to this book : the role of V. Novak in spreading and defending the idea of Yugoslavism , abundance of the documentation used to support the book content , and that `` Some passages have been written by a scholar in a dignified academic gown , in other parts of the book the author assumes the role of public prosecutor . ''
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eng_Latn
| 33,868 |
Lectinlike properties of pertussis toxin.
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We have examined the lectinlike properties of pertussis toxin by binding-inhibition assays and affinity chromatography of goose erythrocyte membranes. Although pertussis toxin and wheat germ agglutinin apparently recognize similar sugar sequences on glycoproteins, the binding activities of the two lectins are not identical.
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(57) Abstract: cleaning composition as pseudoplastic and thixotropic liquid is disclosed. Suitable compositions of this type are produced in the form of an aqueous emulsion of nonionic surfactants. The cleaning method of the fabric and the surface, as well as package encapsulating said composition in a squeeze-type container equipped with a nozzle is disclosed.
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eng_Latn
| 33,869 |
Whya are palisade cells packed closely together?
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Explain why the a refrigerator cools food insise properly if it is tightly packed?
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Isobar what does it mean when they are far apart?
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eng_Latn
| 33,870 |
What are the structures serves as the cells boundary from its boundary from its enviroment?
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Which of the following stuctures serves as the cell's boundary from its enviroment?
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Which of the following stuctures serves as the cell's boundary from its enviroment?
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eng_Latn
| 33,871 |
It includes the rough ER where ribosomes are attached to synthesize proteins , which enter the interior space or lumen .
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The proteins made by the ribosomes attached to the rough ER go to the inside the rough ER , called the lumen .
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This Chamber is the only one to levy taxes ; to draft troops ; and to call the President , cabinet ministers , and members of the Supreme Court before the Senate .
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eng_Latn
| 33,872 |
In most eukaryotes , these protein-carrying vesicles are released and further modified in stacks of flattened vesicles , called Golgi bodies or dictyosomes .
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In most eukaryotes , the vesicles with proteins inside fuse with piles of flattened vesicles called the Golgi bodies , where the proteins inside are changed again .
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In Romanesque , Byzantine and Gothic Christian abbey , cathedral and church architecture , the term is applied to a semi-circular or polygonal termination of the main building . This is usually at the liturgical east end ( where the altar is ) .
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eng_Latn
| 33,873 |
Where is the endoplasmic reticulum located?
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Where is the endoplasmic reticulum found?
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What is the safest place in the event of world war 3 breaking out?
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eng_Latn
| 33,874 |
What type of memory can a CPU read and write from?
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RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely. In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drives, all of the required software may be stored in ROM. Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary.
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Regardless of the type of metabolic process they employ, the majority of bacteria are able to take in raw materials only in the form of relatively small molecules, which enter the cell by diffusion or through molecular channels in cell membranes. The Planctomycetes are the exception (as they are in possessing membranes around their nuclear material). It has recently been shown that Gemmata obscuriglobus is able to take in large molecules via a process that in some ways resembles endocytosis, the process used by eukaryotic cells to engulf external items.
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eng_Latn
| 33,875 |
Which two types of antibiotics target the cell wall?
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Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. Those that target protein synthesis (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides). Further categorization is based on their target specificity. "Narrow-spectrum" antibacterial antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics affect a wide range of bacteria. Following a 40-year hiatus in discovering new classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibacterial antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic lipopeptides (such as daptomycin), glycylcyclines (such as tigecycline), oxazolidinones (such as linezolid), and lipiarmycins (such as fidaxomicin).
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The first real progress toward a modern understanding of nervous function, though, came from the investigations of Luigi Galvani, who discovered that a shock of static electricity applied to an exposed nerve of a dead frog could cause its leg to contract. Since that time, each major advance in understanding has followed more or less directly from the development of a new technique of investigation. Until the early years of the 20th century, the most important advances were derived from new methods for staining cells. Particularly critical was the invention of the Golgi stain, which (when correctly used) stains only a small fraction of neurons, but stains them in their entirety, including cell body, dendrites, and axon. Without such a stain, brain tissue under a microscope appears as an impenetrable tangle of protoplasmic fibers, in which it is impossible to determine any structure. In the hands of Camillo Golgi, and especially of the Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal, the new stain revealed hundreds of distinct types of neurons, each with its own unique dendritic structure and pattern of connectivity.
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eng_Latn
| 33,876 |
What are prokaryotes?
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Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) typically store their genomes on a single large, circular chromosome. Similarly, some eukaryotic organelles contain a remnant circular chromosome with a small number of genes.:14.4 Prokaryotes sometimes supplement their chromosome with additional small circles of DNA called plasmids, which usually encode only a few genes and are transferable between individuals. For example, the genes for antibiotic resistance are usually encoded on bacterial plasmids and can be passed between individual cells, even those of different species, via horizontal gene transfer.
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In addition to the use of the multiprotein complexes listed above, Gram-negative bacteria possess another method for release of material: the formation of outer membrane vesicles. Portions of the outer membrane pinch off, forming spherical structures made of a lipid bilayer enclosing periplasmic materials. Vesicles from a number of bacterial species have been found to contain virulence factors, some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells. While release of vesicles has been demonstrated as a general response to stress conditions, the process of loading cargo proteins seems to be selective.
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eng_Latn
| 33,877 |
what structure is found within bacterial cells?
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In eukaryotic cells, like your own cells, the chromosomes are contained within a membrane called the nucleus. Bacteria are considered prokaryotes, or cells that lack a nucleus. In bacteria, the chromosome is not enclosed by a membrane but is instead located in the nucleoid. The nucleoid is the cytoplasmic location of the bacterial genetic material.
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Structure found in prokaryotic cells plant cells and animal cells is a? Capsule - Found in some bacterial cells, this additional outer covering protects the cell when it is engulfed by other organisms, assists in retaining moisture, and helps the ⦠cell adhere to surfaces and nutrients.
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eng_Latn
| 33,878 |
is glycogen a glycoprotein
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N-linked protein glycosylation (N-glycosylation of N-glycans) at Asn residues (Asn-x-Ser/Thr motifs) in glycoproteins. Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycosylation. Secreted extracellular proteins are often glycosylated. In proteins that have segments extending extracellularly, the extracellular segments are also often glycosylated.
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TEM micrograph of a B. subtilis bacterium, with the hair-like glycocalyx visible surrounding the cell membrane (scale bar = 200 nm). The glycocalyx is a glycoprotein-polysaccharide covering that surrounds the cell membranes of some bacteria, epithelia and other cells.Most animal epithelial cells have a fuzz-like coat on the external surface of their plasma membranes.he glycocalyx exists in bacteria as either a capsule or a slime layer. 6 points at the glycocalyx. The difference between a capsule and a slime layer is that in a capsule polysaccharides are firmly attached to the cell wall, while in a slime layer the glycoproteins are loosely attached to the cell wall.
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eng_Latn
| 33,879 |
which polysaccharide composes the cell walls of fungi
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Lignin is a phenolic compound, chemically related to benzene. The cell walls of fungi are diverse among the taxonomic groups, but most contain chitin microfibrils embedded in a polysaccharide matrix and covered with a loose coating of additional molecules combining sugars and peptides (amino acid chains).
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Often, other polymers such as lignin, suberin or cutin are anchored to or embedded in plant cell walls. Algae possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides such as carrageenan and agar that are absent from land plants. In bacteria, the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan. The cell walls of archaea have various compositions, and may be formed of glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica.
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eng_Latn
| 33,880 |
what name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
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What name is given to the rigid structure found outside the plasma membrane that surrounds and surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? The cell membrane, but the cell membrane isn't exactly rigid. 3 people found this useful.
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The Cytoskeleton, Microtubules and Microfilaments. The cytoskeleton is the cytoplasmic structure that supports the cell, maintains its shape and holds or moves cell organelles. It is made of an extensive network of fibers dispersed in the cytoplasm and anchored in the plasma membrane.
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eng_Latn
| 33,881 |
is glycocalyx prokaryotic or eukaryotic
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Glycocalyx. The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-enriched coating that covers the outside of many eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, particularly bacteria.When on eukaryotic cells the glycocalyx can be a factor used for the recognition of the cell.On bacterial cells, the glycocalyx provides a protective coat from host factors.hen on eukaryotic cells the glycocalyx can be a factor used for the recognition of the cell. On bacterial cells, the glycocalyx provides a protective coat from host factors.
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Glycocalyx: 1 Structure: Polysaccharide layers; can be thick and stable like capsule or loosely attached to cell wall like slime layer. 2 Function: Assist cells in adhesion to solid surface, and also protect pathogenic bacteria from the attack of the host's immune system.
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eng_Latn
| 33,882 |
what does the cytoskeleton in animal contain
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The cytoskeleton is made up of protein threads. It is responsible for holding the cell in place, maintaining cellular shape and supporting the cell membrane. Plant and animal cells contain three basic types of protein thread. Actin filaments, or microfilaments, are the thinnest type, while intermediate filaments are thicker and stronger. Microtubules are larger still with a hollow center and are essential for mechanical support.
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The exoskeleton is composed of a thin, outer protein layer, the epicuticle, and a thick, inner, chitinâprotein layer, the procuticle. In most terrestrial arthropods, such as insects and spiders, the epicuticle contains waxes that aid in reducing evaporative water loss.
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eng_Latn
| 33,883 |
what surrounds the cytoplasm of bacterial cells
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Cell Membrane. The answer is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that completely surrounds a bacterial cell. The word 'completely' is important here because any break in the bilayer will lead to the death of the bacteria.ome people say a bacterial cell is just a simple bag of enzymes. This couldn't be further from the truth! Learn about the structure and function of the bacterial cell membrane, what's in the cytoplasm, and how membrane surface area impacts bacterial size.
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The cytoplasm and plasma membrane of most bacterial cells are surrounded by a cell wall; further classification of bacteria is based on cell wall characteristics (see Gram's stain).They can also be characterized by their patterns of growth, such as the chains formed by streptococci.Many bacteria, chiefly the bacillus and spirillum forms, are motile, swimming about by whiplike movements of flagella; other bacteria have rigid rodlike protuberances called pili that serve as tethers.he cytoplasm and plasma membrane of most bacterial cells are surrounded by a cell wall; further classification of bacteria is based on cell wall characteristics (see Gram's stain).
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eng_Latn
| 33,884 |
lipid composition of endosomes
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PI(4,5)P2 is present on plasma membranes, PIP3 on early endosomes, PI(3,5)P2 on late endosomes and PIP4 on the trans Golgi network. These lipids on the surface of the endosomes help in the specific recruitment of proteins from the cytosol, thus providing them an identity.
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Lipopolysaccharides, also known as lipoglycans and endotoxins, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide composed of O-antigen, outer core and inner core joined by a covalent bond; they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and elicit strong immune responses in animals. The term lipooligosaccharide is used to refer to a low-molecular-weight form of bacterial lipopolysaccharides.
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| 33,885 |
what do chromosomes look like in bacteria
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Bacterial chromosomes tend to be tethered to the plasma membrane of the bacteria. Unlike eukaryotic chromosomes, bacterial chromosomes are circular. In molecular biology application, this allows for its isolation from plasmid DNA by centrifugation of lysed bacteria and pelleting of the membranes.
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The chromosome of E. coli | Back to Top. The single chromosome of the common intestinal bacterium E. coli is circular and contains some 4.7 million base pairs. It is nearly 1 mm long, but only 2nm wide. The chromosome replicates in a bidirectional method, producing a figure resembling the Greek letter theta.
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eng_Latn
| 33,886 |
what is keratin filaments
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keratin filaments. Definitions: 1. a class of intermediate filaments that form a network within epithelial cells and anchor to desmosomes, thus imparting tensile strength to the tissue. Synonyms: cytokeratin filaments. The definition information for keratin filaments is provided by Stedman's.
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Microfilaments, or actin filaments, are the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton and are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The polymers of these linear filaments are flexible but still strong, resisting crushing and buckling while providing support to the cell. Microfilaments are very versatile cell components that serve a role in cytokinesis, movement, and changes in cell shape.
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eng_Latn
| 33,887 |
endoplasmic reticulum definition
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The endoplasmic reticulum is composed of sac-like structures called cisternae that are folded and bound together by a cytoskeleton. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.Smooth endoplasmic reticulum gets its name from its smooth folded surface.he endoplasmic reticulum is composed of sac-like structures called cisternae that are folded and bound together by a cytoskeleton. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins .
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eng_Latn
| 33,888 |
what is a kinetoplast what pathogenic organisms contain this structure
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A kinetoplast is a network of circular DNA (called kDNA) inside a large mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome. The most common kinetoplast structure is a disk, but they have been observed in other arrangements. kinetoplast is usually adjacent to the organism's flagellar basal body, suggesting that it is tightly bound to the cytoskeleton. In Trypanosoma brucei this cytoskeletal connection is called the tripartite attachment complex and includes the protein p166.
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Head or Capsid Structure. The genetic material of the bacteriophage is stored in the head or capsid region. It is part of the overall structure of a bacteriophage. The capsid is usually in a geometric shape, and it consists of protein. Most have 20 sides and are called icosahedral.ritten by: Vasanthâ¢edited by: dianahardinâ¢updated: 4/15/2011. A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. The structure of a bacteriophage consists of a head and tail. It contains nucleic acid and proteins.
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eng_Latn
| 33,889 |
what type of microscopes can see ribosomes
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Which type of microscope would allow the viewer to see ribosomes inside a cell? A light microscope A scanning electron microscope A light microscope, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope can all view ribosomes inside a cell. A transmission electron microscope
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Ribosomes are either found free in the cytoplasm, where they make proteins for the cell's own use, or they are found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where they make proteins for export from the cell. They are often found in groups called polysomes. All eukaryotic ribosomes are of the larger, 80S, type.
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eng_Latn
| 33,890 |
which carbohydrate makes up the cell wall of fungi?
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The tough carbohydrate (polysaccharide) that makes up the cell walls of fungi, and the exoskeletons of insects, crustaceans, and other arthropods. Kingdom in the domain Eukarya that includes molds, mushrooms, and yeasts.
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Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin, and algae typically possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica.
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eng_Latn
| 33,891 |
how dna is shared with bacteria
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Bacteria have exhibited colistin resistance in the past, but this time it is different: Previous forms of the resistance weakened the microbes, and the resistance genes were located on DNA that was not easily shared among bacteria.
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Nucleoid: DNA in the bacterial cell is generally confined to this central region. Though it isn't bounded by a membrane, it is visibly distinct (by transmission microscopy) from the rest of the cell interior.ili, Fimbriae: These hollow, hairlike structures made of protein allow bacteria to attach to other cells. A specialized pilus, the sex pilus, allows the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another.
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eng_Latn
| 33,892 |
what is considered lectins
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Lectins are considered a major family of protein antinutrients (ANCs), which are specific sugar-binding proteins exhibiting reversible carbohydrate-binding activities. [citation needed] Lectins are similar to antibodies in their ability to agglutinate red blood cells.
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Lectins are a type of protein that can bind to cell membranes. They are sugar-binding and become the âglycoâ portion of glycoconjugates on the membranes. Lectins offer a way for molecules to stick together without getting the immune system involved, which can influence cell-cell interaction.
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eng_Latn
| 33,893 |
what surrounds a bacterial cell
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Cell Membrane. The answer is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that completely surrounds a bacterial cell. The word 'completely' is important here because any break in the bilayer will lead to the death of the bacteria.ell Membrane. The answer is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that completely surrounds a bacterial cell. The word 'completely' is important here because any break in the bilayer will lead to the death of the bacteria.
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The main component of a bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan which surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane.eptidoglycan is a polymer of interlocking chains called monomers. The b ⦠ackbone molecule is composed of two glucose derivatives (amino sugars) abbreviated NAM and NAG which are connected by interpeptide bridges.
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eng_Latn
| 33,894 |
what additional protective layer of protein surrounds some viruses
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Viruses consist of a small collection of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protective protein coat called a capsid. (Retroviruses are among the infectious particles that use RNA as their hereditary material.
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Viruses are faced with a tricky problem: they need to get inside cells, but cells are surrounded by a protective membrane. Enveloped viruses like HIV and influenza, which are themselves surrounded by a similar membrane, solve this problem by fusing with the cell membrane. The envelope glycoprotein (Env) of HIV performs the many complex steps needed for membrane fusion. First, it attaches itself to proteins on the surface of the cell. Then, it acts like a spring-loaded mousetrap and snaps into a new conformation that drags the virus and cell close enough that the membranes fuse.
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eng_Latn
| 33,895 |
what does desmosomes mean in
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Desmosomes. a type of junction that attaches one cell to its neighbor. One of a number of differentiated regions which occur, for example, where the cytoplasmic membranes of adjacent epithelial cells are closely apposed.
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Desmosomes are anchoring junctions â mechanical couplings scattered like rivets along the sides of adjacent cells to prevent their separation. On the cytoplasmic face of each plasma membrane is a thickening called a plaque.
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eng_Latn
| 33,896 |
what is a nictitating membrane
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The nictitating membrane of a masked lapwing as it closes. The nictitating membrane (from Latin nictare, to blink) is a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye for protection and to moisten it while maintaining vision.
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fertilization membrane. noun. : a resistant membranous layer in eggs of many animals that forms following fertilization by the thickening and separation of the vitelline membrane from the cell surface and that prevents multiple fertilization.ADVERTISEMENT. a resistant membranous layer in eggs of many animals that forms following fertilization by the thickening and separation of the vitelline membrane from the cell surface and that prevents multiple fertilization. ADVERTISEMENT.
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eng_Latn
| 33,897 |
what is the blastula
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Cleavage-Blastula Structure. The blastula is a hollow ball of cells organized into an epithelial monolayer. Midway through the blastula stage, the embryo secretes hatching enzyme, which results in proteolytic degradation of the fertilization envelope.leavage-Blastula Structure. The blastula is a hollow ball of cells organized into an epithelial monolayer. Midway through the blastula stage, the embryo secretes hatching enzyme, which results in proteolytic degradation of the fertilization envelope.
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After about seven cell divisions, the embryo has become a blastula consisting of at least 128 cells. If you were to look inside the blastula, you would see that most of it is empty space. This empty space characterizes the blastula and is called the blastocoel. During the blastula stage of development, two different types of cells are present. The trophoblast is the outer layer of cells, which will eventually become the placenta. The other cells within the blastula are called the inner cell mass.
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eng_Latn
| 33,898 |
are endotoxins secreted from the cell
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None found. Exotoxins are toxic substances secreted by bacteria and released outside the cell. Whereas Endotoxins are bacterial toxins consisting of lipids that are located within a cell. Following are the few differences between exotoxin and endotoxin.one found. Exotoxins are toxic substances secreted by bacteria and released outside the cell. Whereas Endotoxins are bacterial toxins consisting of lipids that are located within a cell. Following are the few differences between exotoxin and endotoxin.
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Endotoxin is a component of the cell wall in Gram negative bacteria. Specifically, endotoxin is a major component of the outside portion of the outer membrane of the Gram negative cell wall. Endotoxin is a very strong pyrogen and is considered a bacterial toxin. Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS). There are two major parts to this molecule, the polysaccharide and lipid A. The polysaccharide is not toxic. It is hydrophilic and faces outward from the cell membrane and into the medium in which the bacteria is growing.
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eng_Latn
| 33,899 |
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