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What is the reach (range) of the laser? | Projection range of the laser beam is 5 m (up to 16 ft);Range projection laser point: 20 m (up to 60 ft);Accuracy: ± 0,5 mm / m (Up to ±3/16" @ 33-ft); | Genius uses a USB node. I have used it up to 8 feet away from my computer. Would be great for presentations. It takes some practice to get used to the different mouse functions, but once you get used to the scrolling/air function you'll be ok. | eng_Latn | 8,100 |
how is the laser turned on | Thanks for your question. There is a button you can press to turn the laser on constant or pulse. You can program it if you like. Below is the battery specifications. - Power Output: 650NM, 5MW, Class IIIA - Programmable: Dual mode constant on and pulse, auto-off in 6 minutes - Batteries: 3 x 392 - Battery Life: Actual usage 5 hours constant on, 10 hours pulse mode Please let us know how we can help you! Thanks [email protected] | Through an inferred light....we didn't have to do anything special to use it with our built in TV dvd | eng_Latn | 8,101 |
What type of battery does this take & do you have the option to turn on the light and laser independent from each other? | CR123A and yes it it has 3 settings laser, light, and both at the same time. | It doesn't go off all the way. I was worried about this when I bought it as I like to sleep in the dark, but it hasn't been an issue for me. | eng_Latn | 8,102 |
Imagine I want to make a laser of electrons like a laser of light. Is that possible, or does the Pauli exclusion principle prohibit that? | Do electrons in an electron beam (cathode ray) follow the ? Or in other words, does the Pauli exclusion principle apply for the beam of electrons? | Do electrons in an electron beam (cathode ray) follow the ? Or in other words, does the Pauli exclusion principle apply for the beam of electrons? | eng_Latn | 8,103 |
what is cutera laser | Cutera is a laser company based in San Francisco and founded in 1998. Cutera built a name for itself years ago, as its engineers pioneered the YAG laser and CO2. These are respected and widely used technologies to this day. | Cutera Lasers were developed in 1998 for laser and light based aesthetic medical treatments, following after the CO2 and Nd:YAG aesthetic lasers. This allowed physicians cosmetic treatment with four solution options of aesthetic lasers. | eng_Latn | 8,104 |
The Use of Fractional Laser Photothermolysis for the Treatment of Atrophic Scars | Laser Scar Revision: A Review | Equalization and Clock and Data Recovery Techniques for 10-Gb/s CMOS Serial-Link Receivers | eng_Latn | 8,105 |
Efficacy of 800 nm Diode Laser to Treat Trichostasis Spinulosa in Asian Patients | Treatment of trichostasis spinulosa with 0.5-millisecond pulsed 755-nm alexandrite laser | Constraints in the IoT: The World in 2020 and Beyond | eng_Latn | 8,106 |
what is a laser l | A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term laser originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently, spatia | Laser Genesis is a laser used to treat post-inflammatory erythema (the red marks left behind after acne clears), shallow acne scars, and enlarged pores. By heating up collagen to promote collagen regeneration, enlarged pores and shallow acne scars can be improved. | eng_Latn | 8,107 |
does laser light lipo work | With laser-like lipo, instead of hormones opening the fat cells, the light from the laser-like lipo machine opens the fat cells through your skin and sends the contents into the lymphatic system to be burned as energy. This entire process removes much of the contents from fat cells and causes the cells to shrink. | Laser Lipo. 1 No recovery time â walk out and go back to your day! 2 Non-invasive â no incisions, no surgery, no discomfort! â 3 Melts the fat away! 4 The areaâs only authorized Strawberry Laser provider. | eng_Latn | 8,108 |
what does llt mean engine | The engine is currently being replaced by the more efficient and powerful LFX, with the Lambda-based crossovers (Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, GMC Acadia) being the last vehicles to be equipped with the LLT unit. The 3.6L V6 VVT DI (LLT) is part of GMâs global family of high-feature V6 engines. Upon its release, it applied the most advanced automotive engine technology available, from state-of-the-art casting processes and full four-cam phasing to ultra-fast data processing and torque-based engine management. | Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) refers to the use of red-beam or near-infrared lasers with a wavelength between 600 and 1000 nm and power from 5 to 500 MW. (In contrast, lasers used in surgery typically use 300 W.) When applied to the skin, these lasers produce no sensation and do not burn the skin. | eng_Latn | 8,109 |
types of tattoo machines | Since then, several alterations have been made to the tattoo gun to improve its functionality and effectiveness. There are several types of tattoo gun, including rotary, coil, linear, liner, shader, and pneumatic. Each type of tattoo machine is used for a specific part of tattooing a person's skin. People looking to purchase a tattoo gun can find them in several colors, such as black, pink, red, and blue. | Laser tattoo removal in delhi is offered by multiple clinics but the cost varies with the type of laser machine used. Q-Switch Laser for tattoo removal is the best technology for removing the tattoo. The wavelengths of 532nm and 1064nm are the most common wavelenghts that are used to removae the tattoo. | eng_Latn | 8,110 |
I can't get these to work with the Optima HD25e, what might I be doing wrong? DLP link should be working with the two. | I wish I could be of some help and I'm going to point out the obvious and make sure that they are charged up. One thing that I did discover that that this type of system doesn't like compact fluorescent lamps. I'm guessing that the frequency of the lamp is to close to a harmonic of 144 Hz. I just know that I had trouble syncing until I turned them all out. Wish I could be of more help and good luck. | On the inside of my filter unit it states exactly what number filter supplies to buy. HAPF- 600/600D is what mine states. Check your filter unit inside and see which it states is compatible. I don't suggest buying any without checking the numbers. In turn, I do suggest using this company though. Very satisfied and actually was going to order more. Good luck. | eng_Latn | 8,111 |
What is emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect? | The "photoelectrons" emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect have a certain kinetic energy, which can be measured. This kinetic energy (for each photoelectron) is independent of the intensity of the light, but depends linearly on the frequency; and if the frequency is too low (corresponding to a photon energy that is less than the work function of the material), no photoelectrons are emitted at all, unless a plurality of photons, whose energetic sum is greater than the energy of the photoelectrons, acts virtually simultaneously (multiphoton effect) Assuming the frequency is high enough to cause the photoelectric effect, a rise in intensity of the light source causes more photoelectrons to be emitted with the same kinetic energy, rather than the same number of photoelectrons to be emitted with higher kinetic energy. | Among the challenges being faced to improve the efficiency of LED-based white light sources is the development of more efficient phosphors. As of 2010, the most efficient yellow phosphor is still the YAG phosphor, with less than 10% Stoke shift loss. Losses attributable to internal optical losses due to re-absorption in the LED chip and in the LED packaging itself account typically for another 10% to 30% of efficiency loss. Currently, in the area of phosphor LED development, much effort is being spent on optimizing these devices to higher light output and higher operation temperatures. For instance, the efficiency can be raised by adapting better package design or by using a more suitable type of phosphor. Conformal coating process is frequently used to address the issue of varying phosphor thickness. | eng_Latn | 8,112 |
what is an argon laser | Argon fluoride laser. The argon fluoride laser (ArF laser) is a particular type of excimer laser, which is sometimes (more correctly) called an exciplex laser. With its 193 nanometer wavelength, it is a deep ultraviolet laser, which is commonly used in the production of semiconductor integrated circuits, eye surgery, micromachining, and scientific research. | Argon gas is used in fluorescent and incandescent light bulbs to stop the oxygen in the light bulbs from corroding the hot tungsten filament. The use of argon in light bulbs prevents the evaporation of the tungsten filaments, which results in increased light bulb life. | eng_Latn | 8,113 |
how to use laser levels | How to Use a Laser Level. 1 Set up the laser level on a tripod or flat surface. 2 If it is a manual level, you must ensure the bubble vials show level. 3 Find the small screws near the vial. 4 Adjust them until the bubbles vials show level. 5 Turn on the laser level. | A rotary laser level is a more advanced laser level in that it spins the beam of light fast enough to give the effect of a complete 360 degree horizontal or vertical plane, thus illuminating not just a fixed line, but a horizontal plane. | eng_Latn | 8,114 |
Working princple of flurosence microscope | Many substances absorb light. However some of them, after absorbing light of a particular wavelength and energy, emit light of a longer wavelength and lesser energy. Such substances are called âfluorescent substancesâ. Application of this phenomenon is the basis of fluorescence microscope. | In 1978 first theoretical ideas have been developed to break this barrier by using a 4Pi microscope as a confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscope where the light is focused ideally from all sides to a common focus which is used to scan the object by 'point-by-point' excitation combined with 'point-by-point' detection. | eng_Latn | 8,115 |
laser tag definition | Laser tag is a tag game played with lasers. Infrared-sensitive targets are commonly worn by each player and are sometimes integrated within the arena in which the game is played. | Laser, a device that stimulates atoms or molecules to emit light at particular wavelengths and amplifies that light, typically producing a very narrow beam of radiation. The emission generally covers an extremely limited range of visible, infrared, or ultraviolet wavelengths. | dan_Latn | 8,116 |
Well-suited for an undergraduate laser course. | This book serves as an excellent introduction to lasers for advanced undergraduate students in physics and engineering. The authors, themselves accomplished users of lasers for physics research, presume the reader to have a solid background in basic electromagnetism and the ideas of quantum physics, and a reasonable command of undergraduate mathematics. The derivations and arguments are done with a minimum of fuss and are not highly mathematical. Emphasis is on obtaining a solid understanding rather than resorting to abstract formalism. The authors have chosen the specific topics wisely, not attempting to be encyclopedic by any means. The final result is a coherent (ha!) book well-suited for students seeking a solid background in the science and technology of lasers. | This book lacked the very details I was looking for about Kernel construction. Definitely should be limited to early elementary readers. And sadly, it was overpriced for what little information and few pages it contains. Bad buy. | eng_Latn | 8,117 |
I absorb the solar energy and then shoot a laser ... | I absorb the solar energy and then shoot a laser off into space to offset global warming. I think its working but I'm afraid all the singular directed photons could effect our orbit and rotation. | My set will not charge properly and I live in FL with rampant sunshine. I followed the instructions to the T and have a product that will not work. Needless to say I will not be ordering more. | eng_Latn | 8,118 |
What shift does blue light undergo in the pcLEDs method? | This method involves coating LEDs of one color (mostly blue LEDs made of InGaN) with phosphors of different colors to form white light; the resultant LEDs are called phosphor-based or phosphor-converted white LEDs (pcLEDs). A fraction of the blue light undergoes the Stokes shift being transformed from shorter wavelengths to longer. Depending on the color of the original LED, phosphors of different colors can be employed. If several phosphor layers of distinct colors are applied, the emitted spectrum is broadened, effectively raising the color rendering index (CRI) value of a given LED. | In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadequate dropout compensator, was made only in limited quantities. After Pioneer released the LD-700, gas lasers were no longer used in consumer players, despite their advantages, although Philips continued to use gas lasers in their industrial units until 1985. | eng_Latn | 8,119 |
What can be detected via infrared prior to their emitting visible light? | The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller portion of their energy in the infrared spectrum, so nearby cool objects such as planets can be more readily detected. (In the visible light spectrum, the glare from the star will drown out the reflected light from a planet.) | The only cosmetic difference between an RLV disc and a regular factory-pressed LaserDiscs is their reflective purple-violet (or blue with some RLV discs) color resulting from the dye embedded in the reflective layer of the disc to make it recordable, as opposed to the silver mirror appearance of regular LDs. The purplish color of RLVs is very similar to DVD-R and DVD+R discs. RLVs were popular for making short-run quantities of LaserDiscs for specialized applications such as interactive kiosks and flight simulators. | eng_Latn | 8,120 |
From Wikipedia article : Spectral lines are the result of interaction between a quantum system (usually atoms, but sometimes molecules or atomic nuclei) and a single photon. When a photon has about the right amount of energy (which is connected to its frequency) to allow a change in the energy state of the system (in the case of an atom this is usually an electron changing orbitals), the photon is absorbed. Then it will be spontaneously re-emitted, either in the same frequency as the original or in a cascade, where the sum of the energies of the photons emitted will be equal to the energy of the one absorbed (assuming the system returns to its original state). A spectral line extends over a range of frequencies, not a single frequency (i.e., it has a nonzero linewidth). The lifetime of excited states results in natural broadening, also known as lifetime broadening. The uncertainty principle relates the lifetime of an excited state (...) with the uncertainty of its energy. Can you provide proof for the last statement? (Maybe without using QED, if possible) | Consider the atomic spectrum (absorption) of hydrogen. The Bohr's model postulates that there are only certain fixed orbits allowed in the atom. An atom will only be excited to a higher orbit, if it is supplied with light that precisely matches the difference in energies between the two orbits. But how precise does 'precisely' mean. Of course, if we need energy $E$ to excite the electron to a higher energy level, and I supply a photon with just $E/2$ I would expect nothing to happen (since the electron cannot occupy an orbit between the allowed ones). But what if I supplied a photon with energy $0.99E$, or $1.0001E$ or some such number. What will happen then? I think that the electron should still undergo excitation precisely because the lines we observe in the line spectrum have some thickness. Which means that for a given transition, the atom absorbs frequencies in a certain range. Is my reasoning correct? If not, why? How does Bohr's model explain this? How about modern theory? If I'm right, what is the range of values that an atom can 'accept' for a given transition? | The new Top-Bar does not show reputation changes from Area 51. | eng_Latn | 8,121 |
While researching the cause of refraction, I found that refraction occurs due to the change of speed of light when it goes from one medium to another (according to Huygens principle). But I cannot get why actually does its speed change when the medium changes? | I know that if we solve the Maxwell equation, we will end up with the phase velocity of light being related to the permeability and the permittivity of the material. But this is not what I'm interested in - I want to go deeper than that. We know that the real speed of light is actually not changing, the decrease in speed is just apparent. Material is mostly empty, the light will still travel with $c$ in the spacing. The rare atoms will disturb the light in some way. So I am interested in how the atoms affect the light. Photon absorption-emission theory Some textbooks that I read explain it in a way kind of like this: In a material the photons are absorbed by atom and then re-emitted a short time later, then they travel a short distance to the next atom and get absorbed&emitted again and so on. How quickly the atoms in a material can absorb and re-emit the photon and how dense the atoms decides the apparent speed of light in that material. So the light appears slower because it has a smaller “drift speed”. Interference theory But recently I realize an alternative explanation: Atoms respond to the light by radiating electromagnetic wave. This “new light” interferes with the “old light” in some way that results in delayed light (advanced in phase), this can easily be shown by using simple phasor diagram. Consequently effectively the light covers a smaller phase each second, which gives the impression of a lower phase velocity. However the group velocity is changing in a complicated way. I think that the first explanation does not explain the change in phase velocity of light. if we consider light travelling into a slab of negative refractive index non-dispersive material, let’s say the light is directed perpendicular to the slab. The phase velocity’s direction will be flipped, but group velocity’s direction in the material will not change. Only the second explanation can explain the flipped phase velocity direction. I guess that the velocity that we get in the first explanation is actually belongs to the group velocity. It makes sense to me that the front most of the photon stream determines the first information that the light delivers. So the question is What really cause the phase velocity of light to be decreased? "drift velocity" of photons (they aren't the same photons, they are re-emitted all the time) phase difference between absorbed and emitted light something else And also, I still don't really understand detailed explanation of the absorption-emission process for small light's wavelength (for large lambda compare to the atoms spacing, the photons will be absorbed by the phonons). The dispersion relation that we know is continuous and also some material is non-dispersive, therefore the absorption process must occur in all frequency for a certain range. So definitely it doesn't involve the atomic transition, otherwise it will be quantized. My guess is that the relevant absorption process gets smooth out by the dipole moment. What makes the spectrum continuous? EDIT: link for dispersion relation: | I've recently set up the compiz cube again, and I was very happy to find that that flickering window glitch is gone! However, the cube reflection and deformation plugins are also gone. I am running a fresh 12.10 install, and I have every compiz plugin package installed (including compiz-plugins-extra, which supposedly contains everything that compiz-fusion-plugins-extra package used to have), but those two plugins are still missing. I haven't been able to find anyone with the same problem. Any ideas? (thanks!) | eng_Latn | 8,122 |
says that "in general, the refractive index of a glass increases with its density." And the refraction index of water vapor is less than ice, and even less than liquid water. Is there any simple explanation to that? | I know that if we solve the Maxwell equation, we will end up with the phase velocity of light being related to the permeability and the permittivity of the material. But this is not what I'm interested in - I want to go deeper than that. We know that the real speed of light is actually not changing, the decrease in speed is just apparent. Material is mostly empty, the light will still travel with $c$ in the spacing. The rare atoms will disturb the light in some way. So I am interested in how the atoms affect the light. Photon absorption-emission theory Some textbooks that I read explain it in a way kind of like this: In a material the photons are absorbed by atom and then re-emitted a short time later, then they travel a short distance to the next atom and get absorbed&emitted again and so on. How quickly the atoms in a material can absorb and re-emit the photon and how dense the atoms decides the apparent speed of light in that material. So the light appears slower because it has a smaller “drift speed”. Interference theory But recently I realize an alternative explanation: Atoms respond to the light by radiating electromagnetic wave. This “new light” interferes with the “old light” in some way that results in delayed light (advanced in phase), this can easily be shown by using simple phasor diagram. Consequently effectively the light covers a smaller phase each second, which gives the impression of a lower phase velocity. However the group velocity is changing in a complicated way. I think that the first explanation does not explain the change in phase velocity of light. if we consider light travelling into a slab of negative refractive index non-dispersive material, let’s say the light is directed perpendicular to the slab. The phase velocity’s direction will be flipped, but group velocity’s direction in the material will not change. Only the second explanation can explain the flipped phase velocity direction. I guess that the velocity that we get in the first explanation is actually belongs to the group velocity. It makes sense to me that the front most of the photon stream determines the first information that the light delivers. So the question is What really cause the phase velocity of light to be decreased? "drift velocity" of photons (they aren't the same photons, they are re-emitted all the time) phase difference between absorbed and emitted light something else And also, I still don't really understand detailed explanation of the absorption-emission process for small light's wavelength (for large lambda compare to the atoms spacing, the photons will be absorbed by the phonons). The dispersion relation that we know is continuous and also some material is non-dispersive, therefore the absorption process must occur in all frequency for a certain range. So definitely it doesn't involve the atomic transition, otherwise it will be quantized. My guess is that the relevant absorption process gets smooth out by the dipole moment. What makes the spectrum continuous? EDIT: link for dispersion relation: | I'm stuck in the College of Winterhold questline because of a glitch between the quests "Good Intentions" and "Revealing the Unseen." After talking to the Augur of Dunlain, I return to the Archmage Savos Aren to finish the quest, and he gives me the Mage's Circlet and finishes "Good Intentions." The problem is, the next quest "Revealing the Unseen" doesn't start. He talks about Mirabelle Irvine and tells me to go talk to her, but since the quest hasn't been started, she doesn't have anything to say about the Staff of Magnus. I've tried reloading from before the quest many times and finishing it but still the same result. I've also tried doing other quests and coming back to try and finish it later, but still the next quest doesn't start. I'm on the PS3. Anyone have a way of fixing this bug/glitch? Thanks in advance. | eng_Latn | 8,123 |
What is rare in LED lighting? | The most common symptom of LED (and diode laser) failure is the gradual lowering of light output and loss of efficiency. Sudden failures, although rare, can also occur. Early red LEDs were notable for their short service life. With the development of high-power LEDs the devices are subjected to higher junction temperatures and higher current densities than traditional devices. This causes stress on the material and may cause early light-output degradation. To quantitatively classify useful lifetime in a standardized manner it has been suggested to use L70 or L50, which are the runtimes (typically given in thousands of hours) at which a given LED reaches 70% and 50% of initial light output, respectively. | Lasers emitting in the red region of the spectrum have been available since the invention of the ruby laser in 1960. In 1962 the red helium–neon laser was invented, and these two types of lasers were widely used in many scientific applications including holography, and in education. Red helium–neon lasers were used commercially in LaserDisc players. The use of red laser diodes became widespread with the commercial success of modern DVD players, which use a 660 nm laser diode technology. Today, red and red-orange laser diodes are widely available to the public in the form of extremely inexpensive laser pointers. Portable, high-powered versions are also available for various applications. More recently, 671 nm diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) lasers have been introduced to the market for all-DPSS laser display systems, particle image velocimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and holography. | eng_Latn | 8,124 |
Is it possible to emit an arbitrary Spectral Color I've been playing with frequencies of colors lately, and just out of curiosity, was wondering if we have technology to generate a spectral color from an arbitrary frequency (to some degree of accuracy), or do we have to stumble on the right gas to heat up? | Does there exist a laser that is tunable over the whole visible spectrum? Does there exist a laser that is tunable over the whole visible spectrum? If so does there exist one that is solid state? This is to settle a score with my dumb workmates. | How to find hydrogen wave-functions? I have found the hydrogen wave functions and would now like to calculate the function that describes the orbitals so that I can plot this function and see how they look. I don't know how I can do that and it is crazy how I cannot find anything on the subject on the internet as if there was no relation between the wave functions and the orbitals. Could you please tell me what I need to do to get a function $r(\theta,\phi)$ out of my wave functions $\psi(r,\theta,\phi)$. | eng_Latn | 8,125 |
Concerning the passage of light through a glass medium and it's apparent re-acceleration, is the absorption explanation supported by evidence? When someone questions how light can re-accelerate after slowing down in a glass medium, the common answer is that it never really slows down, it is absorbed by the atoms and then released. Have there been any confirmations that this is the reason why light appears to slow down, or is this speculation, the best guess we have? I'm thinking the apparent speed reduction could be estimated by knowing the density of the glass and calculating in the absorption/emission time? | What really causes light/photons to appear slower in media? I know that if we solve the Maxwell equation, we will end up with the phase velocity of light being related to the permeability and the permittivity of the material. But this is not what I'm interested in - I want to go deeper than that. We know that the real speed of light is actually not changing, the decrease in speed is just apparent. Material is mostly empty, the light will still travel with $c$ in the spacing. The rare atoms will disturb the light in some way. So I am interested in how the atoms affect the light. Photon absorption-emission theory Some textbooks that I read explain it in a way kind of like this: In a material the photons are absorbed by atom and then re-emitted a short time later, then they travel a short distance to the next atom and get absorbed&emitted again and so on. How quickly the atoms in a material can absorb and re-emit the photon and how dense the atoms decides the apparent speed of light in that material. So the light appears slower because it has a smaller “drift speed”. Interference theory But recently I realize an alternative explanation: Atoms respond to the light by radiating electromagnetic wave. This “new light” interferes with the “old light” in some way that results in delayed light (advanced in phase), this can easily be shown by using simple phasor diagram. Consequently effectively the light covers a smaller phase each second, which gives the impression of a lower phase velocity. However the group velocity is changing in a complicated way. I think that the first explanation does not explain the change in phase velocity of light. if we consider light travelling into a slab of negative refractive index non-dispersive material, let’s say the light is directed perpendicular to the slab. The phase velocity’s direction will be flipped, but group velocity’s direction in the material will not change. Only the second explanation can explain the flipped phase velocity direction. I guess that the velocity that we get in the first explanation is actually belongs to the group velocity. It makes sense to me that the front most of the photon stream determines the first information that the light delivers. So the question is What really cause the phase velocity of light to be decreased? "drift velocity" of photons (they aren't the same photons, they are re-emitted all the time) phase difference between absorbed and emitted light something else And also, I still don't really understand detailed explanation of the absorption-emission process for small light's wavelength (for large lambda compare to the atoms spacing, the photons will be absorbed by the phonons). The dispersion relation that we know is continuous and also some material is non-dispersive, therefore the absorption process must occur in all frequency for a certain range. So definitely it doesn't involve the atomic transition, otherwise it will be quantized. My guess is that the relevant absorption process gets smooth out by the dipole moment. What makes the spectrum continuous? EDIT: link for dispersion relation: | Atmospheric pressure experiment using a cup with a fluid to hold a glass plate When I was in high school, my teacher did an experiment to show the power of atmospheric pressure. Experiment: Prepare a glass bottle, fill with water, put a glass plate on the bottle, make sure there is no air in the bottle, just water. Hold the glass bottle and plate, and invert them. Slowly, release the hand which hold the plate. Because the atmospheric pressure, the glass plate will not fall down. Question 1: As we know, if we didn't put water into the glass bottle, just air in the glass bottle the glass plate will fall down. So, If we use other liquid instead of water, this liquid has smaller density than water, like alcohol, the plate will not fall down. But, if we continue to chose the smaller density liquid until the liquid has density like air the plate will fall down. So, if there is a threshold density of liquid make the plate between falling down and not falling down? Question 2: If we put the bottle and plate into water slowly, when the plate and part of bottle are in the water but part of the bottle still above the water, will the plate fall down? Question 3: Continuing question 2, when both bottle and plate are in the water I know the plate will fall down. So, how does the pressure of water and atmosphere change? Is there a good description of this phenomena? Why does the trick continue to work with lower density fluids and why does placing the plate in the water cause it to fall? | eng_Latn | 8,126 |
Delayed erasure experiment Lets assume that in the delayed eraser in Kim experiment we can split the original photon into 2 photons, namely signal and idler photon, but we only have D0 detector and no other detectors, no beam splitters , no mirrors. We will let the idler photons travel freely in the universe without being detected or analysed by any device. As we have no "which path" information about the signal photons shall we receive interference pattern on D0? | Delayed eraser experiment (Kim experiment) Will I receive an interference pattern on D0 detector if D1, D2, D3, D4 exist in the set up of the experiment, but they are thousands of light years far? Simply, to set up the experiment so that I detect all of the signal photons on D0 before I detect any of idler photons! | Is it possible to model a PIN InGasAS photodiode in a SPICE simulator? I want to know if it is possible to model a InGasAs panchromatic PIN photodiode, in accord with datasheet, in simulator SPICE MicroCAP 12. Because the supplier doesn't provide a SPICE model. And if it is possible, which are those steps. Here is data-sheet And below I will attach an electrical schematic of a transimpedance amplifier with phototdiode, used as a smoke receiver. I want to monitor graphically the impulse of photodiode in function of output of transimpedance for sensibilty. I found a type of photodiode in the Micro-CAP 12 library but it is simple photodiode, which does not match the datasheet. | eng_Latn | 8,127 |
I saw a project that use a laser pointer to point laser to a solar cell and that plays music on the speaker connected to the solar cell. I am just confused in regards to the general concept behind how this would work. How is a laser light turned into unique sets of data such as music? link: | I have to design a circuit in which I have to transfer data through lasers (serial transmission of data). Now what I was thinking was to check if the laser light is on then '1' is passed and when the laser is off '0' would be passed. Now I need to check if a 1 or a 0 was passed. How would I check for this and another problem I'm facing is if it's on it may keep on passing 1's. How would I check for this? I though of using LDR's (Light Dependent Resistors)? Would this be okay or it there a better method? | Lightsabers are not made of light, nor have they anything to do with lasers (even if there are people who mistakenly refer to them as "laser swords"). Blaster bolts are also not lasers. They travel significantly slower than light, they travel even slower than ordinary bullets fired by gunpowder. (called slug throwers on the Star Wars universe) Was there any use of lasers ever presented in the Star Wars universe, either as we use them today, or as weapons? By laser I mean something which behaves like laser does, even if it's not called by that name in a movie or book. If something is called a laser (in the script or by fans) but clearly doesn't work like a laser (for example, it travels slowly, and in visible blocks) it doesn't count. | eng_Latn | 8,128 |
Is there any reason to disable VR in Nikon lenses? Is there any reason to disable VR in Nikon lenses? Perhaps it is safer to storage/carry lenses with VR disabled? Or, maybe with very small shorted speed VR decrease quality of picture? | What are the summary rules for when to use image stabilization and when not to? When I got my DSLR, I took a lot of pics and all of them came excellent, even though I had VR at the "Off" position. Since those came out so well, I wonder when should I turn VR on, and when I should just leave it off. I found which answer this question in detail, but that's too much for me to understand easily. Can someone explain the strict rules in short? Should I use VR with tripod? When should I use it when I'm not using a tripod, and when should I leave it off? | What really causes light/photons to appear slower in media? I know that if we solve the Maxwell equation, we will end up with the phase velocity of light being related to the permeability and the permittivity of the material. But this is not what I'm interested in - I want to go deeper than that. We know that the real speed of light is actually not changing, the decrease in speed is just apparent. Material is mostly empty, the light will still travel with $c$ in the spacing. The rare atoms will disturb the light in some way. So I am interested in how the atoms affect the light. Photon absorption-emission theory Some textbooks that I read explain it in a way kind of like this: In a material the photons are absorbed by atom and then re-emitted a short time later, then they travel a short distance to the next atom and get absorbed&emitted again and so on. How quickly the atoms in a material can absorb and re-emit the photon and how dense the atoms decides the apparent speed of light in that material. So the light appears slower because it has a smaller “drift speed”. Interference theory But recently I realize an alternative explanation: Atoms respond to the light by radiating electromagnetic wave. This “new light” interferes with the “old light” in some way that results in delayed light (advanced in phase), this can easily be shown by using simple phasor diagram. Consequently effectively the light covers a smaller phase each second, which gives the impression of a lower phase velocity. However the group velocity is changing in a complicated way. I think that the first explanation does not explain the change in phase velocity of light. if we consider light travelling into a slab of negative refractive index non-dispersive material, let’s say the light is directed perpendicular to the slab. The phase velocity’s direction will be flipped, but group velocity’s direction in the material will not change. Only the second explanation can explain the flipped phase velocity direction. I guess that the velocity that we get in the first explanation is actually belongs to the group velocity. It makes sense to me that the front most of the photon stream determines the first information that the light delivers. So the question is What really cause the phase velocity of light to be decreased? "drift velocity" of photons (they aren't the same photons, they are re-emitted all the time) phase difference between absorbed and emitted light something else And also, I still don't really understand detailed explanation of the absorption-emission process for small light's wavelength (for large lambda compare to the atoms spacing, the photons will be absorbed by the phonons). The dispersion relation that we know is continuous and also some material is non-dispersive, therefore the absorption process must occur in all frequency for a certain range. So definitely it doesn't involve the atomic transition, otherwise it will be quantized. My guess is that the relevant absorption process gets smooth out by the dipole moment. What makes the spectrum continuous? EDIT: link for dispersion relation: | eng_Latn | 8,129 |
The way light travels Light travels in the form of a wave.It has masless photons travelling at the speed of light.Does it mean that tha photons travels in the trajectory same as that of a wave. | What is the relation between electromagnetic wave and photon? At the end of this nice video (), she says that is a chain reaction of electric and magnetic fields creating each other so the chain of wave moves forward. I wonder where the is in this explanation. What is the relation between electromagnetic wave and photon? | In Harry Potter, Do Spells Travel in a Straight Line? In the Harry Potter world, when a magical person casts a spell, sometimes they target a specific object, like when Harry has a wand only and needs his broom, he casts "Accio Firebolt" and his broom comes to him. But a lot of the time people point their wands just in the direction of someone to cast a spell. One example would be in a duel. When they do this, are they casting a spell on a particular person or at that person? It seems, from what I remember of the movies, that some spells travel in a straight line while others specifically target a person or object. Do any spells travel in one direction, like a laser beam? What kind of spells are directional (instead of focusing on a particular person or object)? And can directional spells be deflected or blocked by something like a mirror or another physical object? (By "directional," I could have said linear, but didn't want to start sounding mathematical or scientific. In other words, do they travel in one direction, like a laser beam would, or will they change direction to hit the intended target?) | eng_Latn | 8,130 |
Using a linear polarizing filter with a DSLR Can I use a linear polarizing filter with a DSLR camera in manual mode? | What is the difference between a linear and a circular polarizer? When I bought my polarizer, a friend told me that I should get a circular one, because the linear ones can mess with the autofocus. Is this true? What should each be used for? | Rising edge pulse detector from logic gates The circuits I describe are entirely made of 7400 series logic gates (7402, 7404 and 7408 ic). I'm trying to build a rising (positive) edge pulse detector using logic gates. The following circuit should work in theory: (see ) I do not expect the short output to be seen through a LED so, to test it, I make it trigger an SR latch to its up state: However, it doesn't have effect on the latch. So I added an inductor to delay the input to the NOT gates in the pulse detector circuit and it worked: But now I can see the short flashing output through a LED which I should not because it would mean it is too long to work with a circuit like that: Which intends to toggle the D Latch output on each clock rising edge (Note that this is a D Latch not a D Flip-flop) And anyway there is no place for inductors in integrated circuits so there must be a way to do this only with logic gates. Can someone solve this mystery? BTW It does not show in my schematics but I did put 10K pull-down resistors where there might be floating pins. | eng_Latn | 8,131 |
How to create a laser beam in Blender? | Making a Laser in Cycles - Straight Beam of Light? | How can I get back to Blender's default theme? | eng_Latn | 8,132 |
Light and momentum question? Each photon of light bulb carries momentum. Why does the light bulb not recoil from conservation of momentum? | If I'm floating in space and I turn on a flashlight, will I accelerate? Photons have no mass but they can push things, as evidenced by . Can photons push the source which is emitting them? If yes, will a more intense flashlight accelerate me more? Does the wavelength of the light matter? Is this practical for space propulsion? Doesn't it defy the law of momentum conservation? Note: As John Rennie mentioned, all in all the wavelength doesn't matter, but for a more accurate answer regarding that, see the comments in . Related Wikipedia articles: , | My printer does not print light magenta. (Canon MP220 - CL-38) I have a Canon MP 220, with new cartridges. Prints fine everything, but it won't print light magenta. I cleaned it and deep cleaned it many times. I have no idea what could be the problem. Cartridge models: CL-38 and PG-37. Any ideas ? LE: Now it won't print magenta at all! | eng_Latn | 8,133 |
How Do I Drink a Werewolf's Blood? I had heard that you can do anything multiple ways on Skyrim. I didn't want to join the companions to become a werewolf. I had also heard that you can drink a werewolf's blood to become one. What are the differents ways of becoming a wearwolf ? | How do I become a Werewolf? I've heard that one of (maybe the only?) secret races in this game is a werewolf. How do I become a werewolf? And by extension, how do I cure lycanthropy, that is, if there even is a cure? | Is it really possible to break the speed of light by flicking your wrist with a laser pointer? Minutephysics has a popular called "How to break the speed of light". In the video it states that if you flick your wrist while pointing a laser that reaches the moon, that the spot of light on the moon will travel 20 times the speed of light. Now don't get me wrong, I do like their videos, just this one seemed a bit fishy to me. At first I thought it all practically made sense, then I realised something... In my mind, I would think that light particles (photons) travel from the laser to the moon and bounces off the moon and back to your eye (it doesn't just stay there, in place, so you can't move it around). Now, what he is stating is that if you flick your wrist these photons that have travelled to the moon will move along with your wrist. Wouldn't these photons be bouncing off of other objects or still travelling to the moon by the time you flick your wrist? i.e. dissipating, therefore new photons will be travelling to the moon (from the laser directly). For example: let's say you point the laser at the moon, and once it reaches the moon, you wait a couple of seconds and then flick your wrist. The laser that you have flicked will emit photons in every direction that your wrist was in, correct? i.e. The photons would shoot out in a straight line (unless disrupted) continuously, with your wrist taking no affect on the speed of the photons. So back to the question, is this video wrong? | eng_Latn | 8,134 |
What makes cheese so effective at absorbing microwaves? Whenever I put a meal in the microwave which contains cheese, why does the cheese get hot before the rest of the meal is heated through? | Why does pizza cheese seem hotter than the crust? When I eat hot pizza or a melted cheese sandwich, the cheese feels a lot hotter than the crust or bread: in particular, the cheese might scald the roof of my mouth. but the crust will not. Is this my imagination, or because the crust cools a little faster than the cheese, so has already cooled a bit by the time I eat it, or because the cheese cools a little faster than the crust, so transfers heat to the roof of my mouth a bit more, or what? | Is it really possible to break the speed of light by flicking your wrist with a laser pointer? Minutephysics has a popular called "How to break the speed of light". In the video it states that if you flick your wrist while pointing a laser that reaches the moon, that the spot of light on the moon will travel 20 times the speed of light. Now don't get me wrong, I do like their videos, just this one seemed a bit fishy to me. At first I thought it all practically made sense, then I realised something... In my mind, I would think that light particles (photons) travel from the laser to the moon and bounces off the moon and back to your eye (it doesn't just stay there, in place, so you can't move it around). Now, what he is stating is that if you flick your wrist these photons that have travelled to the moon will move along with your wrist. Wouldn't these photons be bouncing off of other objects or still travelling to the moon by the time you flick your wrist? i.e. dissipating, therefore new photons will be travelling to the moon (from the laser directly). For example: let's say you point the laser at the moon, and once it reaches the moon, you wait a couple of seconds and then flick your wrist. The laser that you have flicked will emit photons in every direction that your wrist was in, correct? i.e. The photons would shoot out in a straight line (unless disrupted) continuously, with your wrist taking no affect on the speed of the photons. So back to the question, is this video wrong? | eng_Latn | 8,135 |
Why is laser more monochromatic than ordinary light? | Why is a laser more coherent and more monochromatic than ordinary light? | Why intensity of all bright fringes are same in interference? | eng_Latn | 8,136 |
how a laser works | How it Works. The lasing medium will normally emit photons in specific spectral lines when excited by an energy source. The wavelength is determined by the different quantum levels, or energy states, of the material. Normally, most atoms in a medium are in the ground state. | The low power laser light, usually a diode laser, is used to trigger a chemical reaction in the fat cells. They break down the fat, which is stored as triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. The latter two chemicals can be released through channels in the cell membranes into the lymph system. | eng_Latn | 8,137 |
what wavelength range is considered a retinal hazard | One of the. main considerations in the retinal hazard (wavelength range of 400 nm to 1400 nm at IEC 60825-1. or 380 nm to 1400 nm at IEC 62471) is the size of the focal spot on the retina - the smaller this. becomes, the higher the power/energy density and consequently - the higher the hazard. | Silicon photodiodes are typically sensitive to light in the spectral range from about 200 nm (near UV) to about 1100 nm (near IR). Photosensor responsivity (R) is measured in Amperes (A) of photocurrent generated per Watt (W) of incident light power. | eng_Latn | 8,138 |
under what circumstances can an atom emit a photon? | The conditions under which this process occurs happen in two ways. According to the Cornell Center for... Atoms emit a photon when an electron falls from a high-energy state to a low-energy state. The conditions under which this process occurs happen in two ways. According to the Cornell Center for... | In the Experiment, you learned that when an atom or molecule absorbs a photon, its electrons can move to higher-energy orbitals, and the atom or molecule makes a transition to a higher-energy state. In retinal, absorption of a photon promotes a p electron to a higher-energy orbital (a p-p excitation). This excitation breaks the p component of the double bond, thus allowing free rotation about the bond between carbon atom 11 and carbon atom 12 (see Figure 5). | eng_Latn | 8,139 |
where the laser tag made | LASER TAG USAis the originaloutdoor laser tag company serving southern California since 2003. In fact we created the industry here in California from scratch when no one knew laser tag could be played outdoors and in broad daylight. We've established ourselves as the premier standard for fun and unforgettable laser tag parties by aiming to give our clients a memorable worry free experience from the time you book to the end of the party. | Laser tag is a tag game played with lasers. Infrared-sensitive targets are commonly worn by each player and are sometimes integrated within the arena in which the game is played. | eng_Latn | 8,140 |
what is a optical transponder | Here, Optical Transponders (OTs) are Optical-Electrical-to-Optical (O-E-O) converters that input optical digital signals from routers, switches, or other transmission equipment using a receive de-vice, such as a photodiode, on the add/drop side of the OT.1 CR4 - Thread: Optical transponder and receiver.ere, Optical Transponders (OTs) are Optical-Electrical-to-Optical (O-E-O) converters that input optical digital signals from routers, switches, or other transmission equipment using a receive de-vice, such as a photodiode, on the add/drop side of the OT. | In telecommunication, a transponder is one of two types of devices. In air navigation or radio frequency identification, a flight transponder is a device that emits an identifying signal in response to an interrogating received signal.epending on the type of interrogation, the transponder sends back a transponder code (or squawk code, Mode A) or altitude information (Mode C) to help air traffic controllers to identify the aircraft and to maintain separation between planes. | eng_Latn | 8,141 |
what is the emission of light | Emission of Light. An overview of light emission. Light can be produced by matter which is in an excited state and as it will be shown excitation can come from a variety of sources. The atoms and molecules that make up matter typically emit light at characteristic energies. The light emission can be spontaneous or stimulated. | Laser. A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term laser originated as an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.aser. A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term laser originated as an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. | eng_Latn | 8,142 |
Is there a pressure switch for this? | Yes in 2 sets if you will. To turn it on (Ambidex) there are 2 pressure points at the back top corner that you pinch to together and hold for 3 seconds-that turns it on. Then there a 3 small squishy buttons- 1 turns on the laser, the next the static light, 3rd laser and static light. For laser/strobe light hold laser and light. When the unit is turned on but not shining any light/laser there is a small blue nightlight visible from shooters perspective only-won't ghost your position. Except for Night Vision-ha. There is no external chord with a button you place on this. | Hey Kevin, I am a plumber and I don't see why you could not install one or the other. I would prefer not to have a mechanical joint if not necessary. If needed at a later date, I would simply cut the pipe and install a coupling at that time. Hope this helps | eng_Latn | 8,143 |
Whether a stop was labial, coronal or velar depended on what two things? | There were aspirated stops at three places of articulation: labial, coronal, and velar /pʰ tʰ kʰ/. Earlier Greek, represented by Mycenaean Greek, likely had a labialized velar aspirated stop /kʷʰ/, which later became labial, coronal, or velar depending on dialect and phonetic environment. | Assuming the player's optical pickup is in proper working order, crosstalk distortion normally does not occur during playback of CAV format LaserDiscs, as the rotational speed never varies. However, if the player calibration is out of order or if the CAV disc is faulty or damaged, other problems affecting tracking accuracy can occur. One such problem is "laser lock", where the player reads the same two fields for a given frame over and over again, causing the picture to look frozen as if the movie were paused. | eng_Latn | 8,144 |
When was ENIAC fully operational? | It combined the high speed of electronics with the ability to be programmed for many complex problems. It could add or subtract 5000 times a second, a thousand times faster than any other machine. It also had modules to multiply, divide, and square root. High speed memory was limited to 20 words (about 80 bytes). Built under the direction of John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania, ENIAC's development and construction lasted from 1943 to full operation at the end of 1945. The machine was huge, weighing 30 tons, using 200 kilowatts of electric power and contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes, 1,500 relays, and hundreds of thousands of resistors, capacitors, and inductors. | Under contract from the U.S. Military, Matrox produced a combination computer/LaserDisc player for instructional purposes. The computer was a 286, the LaserDisc player only capable of reading the analog audio tracks. Together they weighed 43 lb (20 kg) and sturdy handles were provided in case two people were required to lift the unit. The computer controlled the player via a 25-pin serial port at the back of the player and a ribbon cable connected to a proprietary port on the motherboard. Many of these were sold as surplus by the military during the 1990s, often without the controller software. Nevertheless, it is possible to control the unit by removing the ribbon cable and connecting a serial cable directly from the computer's serial port to the port on the LaserDisc player. | eng_Latn | 8,145 |
what best describes an optical disc? | What is an Optical Disc? An optical disc is a flat piece of circular polycarbonate plastic containing a non-volatile recording medium that stores digital information. Data is then accessed with a laser diode illuminating on its recording medium. To date, many forms of optical disc have been developed. Each generally enjoys a span of popularity of use before newer discs with greater capacity and capability are introduced into the market. | Noun. 1. optic disc-the point where the optic nerve enters the retina; not sensitive to light. optic disk, blind spot. retina-the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve. | eng_Latn | 8,146 |
what is the definition for optical image stabilization | Abbreviated as OIS, optical image stabilization is the apparatus, contained within a digital camera or other digital recording device, that compensates in real-time for shaking and vibrating while recording. Because OIS is a real-time compensation there is no alterations or image degradation to the image. PREVIOUS. | Sometimes, none of these techniques works, and image-stabilization simply cannot be used with such lenses. In-body image stabilization requires the lens to have a larger output image circle because the sensor is moved during exposure and thus uses a larger part of the image. | eng_Latn | 8,147 |
what is TTL functionality | We suggested that the external flash be set to the TTL mode. The TTL (i.e. , T hrough T he L ens) mode means that the camera will measure the output of external flash and stop the flash once illumination is sufficient.This is the easiest mode of using external flashes.However, do keep in mind that the Coolpix 990 is not true TTL cameras in terms of flash control. It measures flash illumination with a flash sensor next to the on-camera lens as shown below. As a result, what this sensor sees is usually not what the lens sees.his is the easiest mode of using external flashes. However, do keep in mind that the Coolpix 990 is not true TTL cameras in terms of flash control. It measures flash illumination with a flash sensor next to the on-camera lens as shown below. | Transistor-transistor logic (TTL) is a digital logic design in which bipolar transistor s act on direct-current pulses. | eng_Latn | 8,148 |
Attenuated acute salivary α-amylase responses to gustatory stimulation with citric acid in thin children | Altered Salivary Alpha-Amylase Secretion in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis | Highly efficient conversion of 1-cyanocycloalkaneacetonitrile using a “super nitrilase mutant” | eng_Latn | 8,149 |
Inhibition of Gastric Secretion in the Rat by Normal Human Gastric Juice.∗ | Source of sialogastrone, a gastric inhibitory substance in human saliva | A Golgi-Localized Pool of the Mitotic Checkpoint Component Mad1 Controls Integrin Secretion and Cell Migration | eng_Latn | 8,150 |
The gastrointestinal tract carries out essential functions for the organism, including the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The cells lining the lumen of the gut tube derive from the endoderm, one of the three germ layers formed during gastrulation. The length of the intestinal tract determines its digestive and absorptive capacity, and so the intestine expands several times the length of the whole body to ensure an adequate absorptive area to meet nutritional demands. However, the endoderm starts out as a small sheet of cells spanning less than the whole length of the head-fold embryo. In order to achieve its final shape and size, the cells in the endoderm undergo extensive growth and profound morphogenetic changes, which are governed by embryonic signaling pathways and transcription factors. This review, based on mouse development, summarizes our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the morphogenetic changes that participate in shaping the mature intestinal tract in vertebrates. | Cell-generated mechanical forces drive many of the tissue movements and rearrangements that are required to transform simple populations of cells into the complex three-dimensional geometries of mature organs. However, mechanical forces do not need to arise from active cellular movements. Recent studies have illuminated the roles of passive forces that result from mechanical instabilities between epithelial tissues and their surroundings. These mechanical instabilities cause essentially one-dimensional epithelial tubes and two-dimensional epithelial sheets to buckle or wrinkle into complex topologies containing loops, folds, and undulations in organs as diverse as the brain, the intestine, and the lung. Here, I highlight examples of buckling and wrinkling morphogenesis, and suggest that this morphogenetic mechanism may be broadly responsible for sculpting organ form. | Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child. | eng_Latn | 8,151 |
Molecular cloning of cholecystokinin (CCK) mRNA from porcine brain and gut has demonstrated that CCK is synthesized as an identical precursor in both tissues. The sequence for porcine CCK-58 predicted from CCK cDNA was identical with the amino acid sequence of the peptide purified from different lots of animals. However one group did report that there were differences in the N-terminus of CCK-58 purified from the intestines of two different lots of mongrel dogs. In the current report it is demonstrated that the amino acid sequences of CCK-58 purified separately from three bovine brains are identical through the first 19 N-terminal amino acid residues. The peptides were sequenced for ten additional steps and were shown to be identical with the previously reported sequences for the N-terminus of CCK-39. The N-terminus of bovine CCK-58 has the following sequence: AVPRVDDEPRAQLGALLAR. | Cholecystokinin (CCK) is an important hormonal regulator of the digestive process. CCK cells are concentrated in the proximal small intestine, and hormone is secreted into the blood upon the ingestion of food. The physiological actions of CCK include stimulation of pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contraction, regulation of gastric emptying, and induction of satiety. Therefore, in a highly coordinated manner, CCK regulates the ingestion, digestion, and absorption of nutrients. CCK is produced by two separate cell types: endocrine cells of the small intestine and various neurons in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. Accordingly, CCK can function as either a hormone or a neuropeptide. This review focuses on the physiology of the CCK cell in the intestine and, in particular, on how the CCK cell is regulated to secrete its hormone product. The effects of ingested nutrients on the CCK cell and the intracellular messenger systems involved in controlling secretion are reviewed. A summary is provided of recent studies examining the electrophysiological properties of CCK cells and newly discovered proteins that act as releasing factors for CCK, which mediate feedback pathways critical for regulated secretion in the intact organism. | not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20263 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.31-40 | eng_Latn | 8,152 |
The presence and morphology of 5 HT positive, immunoreactive endocrine cells in the digestive tract of Takydromus amurensis have been investigated by using the anti 5 HT antiserum and the ABC immunostaining technique. The results indicated that 5 HT positive cells distributed throughout the digestive tract, from esophagus to rectum. The cells' distribution density was not consistent along the digestive tract, and there were rich 5 HT cells in the esophagus, pyloric part and ileum. The 5 HT cells was round, ellipse, shuttle, or cone in shape. The cells were found between gastrointestinal epithelial cells, at the basal region of epithelial cells, between glandular epithelial cells, between glandular vesicles and sometimes in the lamina propria.We suggest that the distribution of 5 HT positive immunoreactive endocrine cells is related to the feeding habit and life environment of T.amurensis, and they might have endocrine, exocrine, and paracrine functions. | In the current study, 5-nydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and gastrin (GAS) cells in the digestive canals of Rana chensinensis tadpoles at different developmental stages were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that the 5-HT cells were only detected in the duodenum before metamorphosis began, and were extensively distributed in the stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and rectum thereafter, with the highest counts found in the duodenum and rectum when metamorphosis was completed. The GAS cells were only distributed in the stomach and duodenum, and only rarely detected in the duodenum before metamorphosis began, but increased in the stomach during metamorphosis and showed zonal distribution in the gastric mucosa when metamorphosis was completed. Metamorphosis is a critical period for amphibians, during which structural and functional physiological adaptations are required to transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments. During metamorphosis, the differentiations of 5-HT cells in the gastrointestinal canals of tadpoles could facilitate mucus secretion regulation, improve digestive canal lubrication, and help water-shortage food digestion in terrestrial environments. Conversely, GAS cell differentiations during metamorphosis might contribute to the digestive and absorptive function transition from herbivore to omnivore. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 8,153 |
This paper presents a generative model based approach to man-made structure detection in 2D (two-dimensional) natural images. The proposed approach uses a causal multiscale random field suggested by Bouman and Shapiro (1994) as a prior model on the class labels on the image sites. However, instead of assuming the conditional independence of the observed data, we propose to capture the local dependencies in the data using a multiscale feature vector. The distribution of the multiscale feature vectors is modeled as mixture of Gaussians. A set of robust multi-scale features is presented that captures the general statistical properties of man-made structures at multiple scales without relying on explicit edge detection. The proposed approach was validated on real-world images from the Corel data set, and a performance comparison with other techniques is presented. | We describe an interactive framework for man-made structure classification. Our system is able to help an image analyst to define a query that is adapted to various image and geographic contexts. It offers a GIS-like interface for visually selecting the training region samples and a fast and efficient sample description by histogram of oriented gradients and local binary patterns. To learn a discrimination rule in this feature space, our system relies on the online gradient-boost learning algorithm for which we defined a new family of loss functions. We chose non-convex loss-functions in order to be robust to mislabelling and proposed a generic way to incorporate prior information about the training data. We show it achieves better performances than other state-of-the-art machine-learning methods on various man-structure detection problems. | Food digestion is a complex, multiscale process that has recently become of interest to the food industry due to the developing links between food and health or disease. Food digestion can be studied by using either in vitro or in vivo models, each having certain advantages or disadvantages. The recent interest in food digestion has resulted in a large number of studies in this area, yet few have provided an in-depth, quantitative description of digestion processes. To provide a framework to develop these quantitative comparisons, a summary is given here between digestion processes and parallel unit operations in the food and chemical industry. Characterization parameters and phenomena are suggested for each step of digestion. In addition to the quantitative characterization of digestion processes, the multiscale aspect of digestion must also be considered. In both food systems and the gastrointestinal tract, multiple length scales are involved in food breakdown, mixing, absorption. These different length scales influence digestion processes independently as well as through interrelated mechanisms. To facilitate optimized development of functional food products, a multiscale, engineering approach may be taken to describe food digestion processes. A framework for this approach is described in this review, as well as examples that demonstrate the importance of process characterization as well as the multiple, interrelated length scales in the digestion process. | eng_Latn | 8,154 |
DIGESTIVE SITES OF DIETARY PROTEINS AND ABSORPTIVE SITES OF AMINO ACIDS ALONG THE MIDGUT OF THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORI | K(+)-neutral amino acid symport of Bombyx mori larval midgut: a system operative in extreme conditions. | K(+)-neutral amino acid symport of Bombyx mori larval midgut: a system operative in extreme conditions. | yue_Hant | 8,155 |
To improve the intestinal absorption of fucoxanthin, we evaluated the effects of dietary glyceroglycolipids on the uptake and secretion of fucoxanthin solubilized in mixed micelles by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Although digalactosyldiacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol suppressed fucoxanthin uptake and secretion, their lyso-types, digalactosylmonoacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosylmonoa cylglycerol, remarkably enhanced them. Thus, some dietary glyceroglycolipids may be potential enhancers of fucoxanthin bioavailability in humans. | Despite the interest in the beneficial roles of dietary carotenoids in human health, little is known about their solubilization from foods to mixed bile micelles during digestion and the intestinal uptake from the micelles. We investigated the absorption of carotenoids solubilized in mixed micelles by differentiated Caco-2 human intestinal cells, which is a useful model for studying the absorption of dietary compounds by intestinal cells. The micelles were composed of 1 micromol/L carotenoids, 2 mmol/L sodium taurocholate, 100 micromol/L monoacylglycerol, 33.3 micromol/L fatty acid and phospholipid (0-200 micromol/L). The phospholipid content of micelles had profound effects on the cellular uptake of carotenoids. Uptake of micellar beta-carotene and lutein was greatly suppressed by phosphatidylcholine (PC) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), the lipolysis product of PC by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), markedly enhanced both beta-carotene and lutein uptake. The addition of PLA2 from porcine pancreas to the medium also enhanced the uptake of carotenoids from micelles containing PC. Caco-2 cells could take up 15 dietary carotenoids, including epoxy carotenoids, such as violaxanthin, neoxanthin and fucoxanthin, from micellar carotenoids, and the uptakes showed a linear correlation with their lipophilicity, defined as the distribution coefficient in 1-octanol/water (log P(ow)). These results suggest that pancreatic PLA2 and lysoPC are important in regulating the absorption of carotenoids in the digestive tract and support a simple diffusion mechanism for carotenoid absorption by the intestinal epithelium. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 8,156 |
What is the effect in your digestive system? | How does the digestive system effect the other systems? | Individual Americans have no impact on the economy? | eng_Latn | 8,157 |
Histamine and the cAMP pathway in the guinea-pig pancreas. | This study investigates the interaction between histamine and the adenylate cyclase systems involved in the secretion of amylase from the guinea-pig pancreatic lobules. Histamine increased amylase release, reaching a maximum response at 10(-5) M. Similarly, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) evoked significant increase in amylase release, though not in a dose-dependent fashion. When the pancreatic lobules were incubated with histamine in combination with VIP, forskolin or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), amylase secretion was increased as compared to histamine alone. The stimulatory effect of VIP was also increased by the presence of forskolin or IBMX. These findings suggest that in guinea-pig pancreatic lobules, VIP, forskolin and IBMX, agents involved in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway, potentiate histamine stimulated amylase release. | Key message ::: Distributional patterns of pectin and hemicellulose epitopes in the phloem of four hardwoods vary between cell types including sieve tube elements, companion cells, parenchyma and sclerenchyma and between tree species. | eng_Latn | 8,158 |
What is the name of the enzyme in the human body, which breaks down fats? | BBC - KS3 Bitesize Science - Diet, drugs and health : Revision, Page 5 Diet, drugs and health Next Digestion and enzymes Our teeth break food down into small pieces when we chew. This is only a start to the process of digestion, as chewed pieces of food are still too large to be absorbed by the body. Food has to be broken down chemically into really small particles before it can be absorbed. Enzymes are needed so that this break-down happens quickly enough to be useful. Enzymes Take care - enzymes are not living things. They are just special proteins that can break large molecules into small molecules. Different types of enzymes can break down different nutrients: carbohydrase or amylase enzymes break down starch into sugar protease enzymes break down proteins into amino acids lipase enzymes break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are digested in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. Carbohydrase enzymes break down starch into sugars. The saliva in your mouth contains amylase, which is another starch digesting enzyme. If you chew a piece of bread for long enough, the starch it contains is digested to sugar, and it begins to taste sweet. Proteins Proteins are digested in the stomach and small intestine. Protease enzymes break down proteins into amino acids. Digestion of proteins in the stomach is helped by stomach acid, which is strong hydrochloric acid. This also kills harmful micro-organisms that may be in the food. Fats Lipase enzymes break down fat into fatty acids and glycerol. Digestion of fat in the small intestine is helped by bile, made in the liver. Bile breaks the fat into small droplets that are easier for the lipase enzymes to work on. Things that are not digested Minerals, vitamins and water are already small enough to be absorbed by the body without being broken down, so they are not digested. Digestive enzymes cannot break down fibre, which is why it cannot be absorbed by the body. Page | Les parties du corps - Des os, il en faut - alain le lait (French body parts) - YouTube Les parties du corps - Des os, il en faut - alain le lait (French body parts) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 30, 2011 Des os, il en faut - alain le lait du CD 'Parapluie' ©2006 Une chanson sur les parties du corps Words and english translation Tu as deux mains et deux pieds Tu as deux jambes et un nez Tu as un ventre et un dos Et des muscles sous la peau Tu as une tête et un cou Deux oreilles et deux genoux Tu as deux yeux et deux joues Et une bouche qui mange tout, et Sous ta peau il y a des os Des petits et des gros Des os, des os, il en faut C'est parce que tu as des os que ... Bones, you must have them You have two hands and two feet You have two legs and a nose You have a belly (stomach) and a back And muscles underneath your skin You have a head and a neck Two ears and two knees You have two eyes and two cheeks And a mouth that eats everything and Under your skin you have bones Small bones and big ones Bones, bones, you must have them It's because you have bones that ... (repeat from top of the song) Category | eng_Latn | 8,159 |
The organ that is the first major site of chemical digestive? | The organ that is thwe first major site of chemical digestion? | What is the organ that is the first majior site of chemical digestion? | eng_Latn | 8,160 |
Why do you ned to digest food? | What food can make your digestion smooth? | Why people prefere eating fast food? | eng_Latn | 8,161 |
Food is digested in the stomach is a chemical or physical change? | Is food digested in a stomach a chemical change? | Is food digested in a stomach a chemical change? | eng_Latn | 8,162 |
Why are the small intestines longer then the large intestines? | Why is the smal intestine longer than the large intestines? | Why is the smal intestine longer than the large intestines? | eng_Latn | 8,163 |
What id the function of the first part of the small intestine? | What is the straight first part of the small intestine in a frog? | What is the straight first part of the small intestine in a frog? | eng_Latn | 8,164 |
What comes after stomach in the digestive system? | What is the part of the digestive system that comes after the stomach? | What is the part of the digestive system that comes after the stomach? | eng_Latn | 8,165 |
What is the final and longest section of the human small intestine? | About the Small & Large Intestines | Children's Hospital Pittsburgh About the Small & Large Intestines About the Small and Large Intestines What Are the Intestines? The intestine is a muscular tube which extends from the lower end of your stomach to your anus, the lower opening of the digestive tract. It is also called the bowel or bowels. Food and the products of digestion pass through the intestine, which is divided into two sections called the small intestine and the large intestine. What Is the Small Intestine? The small intestine is made up of three segments, which form a passage from your stomach (the opening between your stomach and small intestine is called the pylorus) to your large intestine: Duodenum: This short section is the part of the small intestine that takes in semi-digested food from your stomach through the pylorus, and continues the digestion process. The duodenum also uses bile from your gallbladder, liver, and pancreas to help digest food. Jejunum: The middle section of the small intestine carries food through rapidly, with wave-like muscle contractions, towards the ileum. Ileum: This last section is the longest part of your small intestine. The ileum is where most of the nutrients from your food are absorbed before emptying into the large intestine. By the time food reaches your small intestine, it has already been broken up and mashed into liquid by your stomach. Each day, your small intestine receives between one and three gallons (or six to twelve liters) of this liquid. The small intestine carries out most of the digestive process, absorbing almost all of the nutrients you get from foods into your bloodstream. The walls of the small intestine make digestive juices, or enzymes, that work together with enzymes from the liver and pancreas to do this. How can the small intestine digest so much? Looking at the small intestine as a pipe, it seems hard to believe that an organ so narrow could do such a big job. However, looks can be deceiving. The absorptive surface area of the small intestine is actually about 250 square meters (almost 2,700 square feet) – the size of a tennis court! How is this possible? The small intestine has three features which allow it to have such a huge absorptive surface area packed into a relatively small space: Mucosal folds: The inner surface of the small intestine is not flat, but thrown into circular folds. This not only increases the surface area, but helps regulate the flow of digested food through your intestine. Villi: The folds form numerous tiny projections which stick out into the open space inside your small intestine (or lumen), and are covered with cells that help absorb nutrients from the food that passes through. Microvilli: The cells on the villi are packed full of tiny hairlike structures called microvilli. This helps increase the surface of each individual cell, meaning that each cell can absorb more nutrients. Although the small intestine is narrower than the large intestine, it is actually the longest section of your digestive tube, measuring about 22 feet (or seven meters) on average, or three-and-a-half times the length of your body. What Is the Large Intestine? Your large intestine is about five feet (or 1.5 meters) long. The large intestine is much broader than the small intestine and takes a much straighter path through your belly, or abdomen. Its job is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over. By the time food mixed with digestive juices reaches your large intestine, most digestion and absorption has already taken place. What's left is mainly fiber (plant matter which takes a long time to digest), dead cells shed from the lining of your intestines, salt, bile pigments (which give this digested matter its color), and water. In the large intestine, bacteria feed on this mixture. These helpful bacteria produce valuable vitamins that are absorbed into your blood, and they also help digest fiber. The large intestine is made up of the following parts: Cecum: This first | Largest Invertebrate | Colossal Squid Video of the largest squid ever captured Colossal squid are known to inhabit the abyssal depths of the ocean primarily in the Southern Ocean that circumnavigates Antarctica . Evidence of their existence has been obtained from the stomachs of the largest predatory carnivore in the sea - the mighty sperm whale. Many Sperm whales carry scars on their backs believed to be caused by the hooks of Colossal Squid. One of the significant morphological differences between the giant squid and the colossal squid is the existence of swiveling hooks on each of the sucker discs in the clubs at the ends of the colossal squids' feeding tentacles. The giant squid merely have a circular, serrated row of 'teeth' inside each of their sucker discs. Either way, both of these species of squid make for formidable and terrifying predators of the deep. Colossal Squid are a major prey item for Antarctic sperm whales feeding in the Southern Ocean; 14% of the squid beaks found in the stomachs of these sperm whales are those of the Colossal Squid, which indicates that Colossal Squid make up 77% of the prey consumed by these whales. Not only are the Colossal squid the largest invertebrates in the world, they have the largest eyes of any living on earth - even bigger than the blue whale . Much of the evidence of these squids that has been gathered from the stomachs of sperm whales have been the enormous beaks of the colossal squid. Here is an excellent page on the colossal squid, including close-up photos showing the wicked, lethal swiveling hooks of the colossal squid Giant Squid and Colossal Squid Fact Sheet | eng_Latn | 8,166 |
Also called a ventriculus, what name is given to a muscular pouch, in a bird's alimentary canal where food is ground down? | Digestive System in Cockroach | Tutorvista.com Back to Top Foregut consists of the mouth surrounded by the mouthparts. The mouth cavity is called the pharynx. It continues as the oesophagus that is short, narrow and thin-walled. The canal then enlarges into the crop, which is also thin-walled. The crop opens into a short, muscular organ, the gizzard or the proventriculus. Outside and lying below the crop are a pair of salivary glands. Each salivary gland is branched, the secretions of all the branches being poured into a common duct. For either pair of salivary glands there is a thin walled salivary receptacle or reservoir which is like a bladder. It stores the salivary secretions. The receptacles of either side have a common receptacular duct which opens into the common salivary duct. This common salivary duct opens into the mouth cavity at the labium. The entire foregut is lined with chitin. In the gizzard, the chitin forms proventricular teeth and the plate to facilitate grinding of the food. Midgut Back to Top Digestion starts in the mouth with the mandibles and the maxillae chewing the food. It is also acted upon by the salivary carbohydrases which partially digests the food. The food is then swallowed with the help of lubrication provided by the salivary juice. The food then enters the oesophagus and then into the crop. Here, the masticated food is temporarily stored. The food is then passed into the gizzard which acts as the grinding chamber. At the junction of the gizzard and the stomach is a valve called the stomodael valve. It allows the passage of only the thoroughly digested food into the stomach and also, prevents the regurgitation of food from the stomach. The ground food, then enters the stomach. The digestive enzymes secreted by the gastric caecae act upon the food in the stomach. These enzymes include amylase, maltase, invertase, tryptase and lipase. The remaining carbohydrates, proteins and fats are digested here. The digested food is absorbed through the stomach walls into the surrounding space which is called the haemocoel. The haemocoel consists of a large number of fat bodies which are fat cells having fat globules, protein granules and glycogen. They form storage structures. From here, it is transported to the different body parts. In the hindgut, absorption of water takes place and the undigested food is formed into almost dry pellets. These are excreted through the anus as faeces. Digestive System in Cockroach (Invertebrates) Related Concepts | Buster Bloodvessel rushed to hospital | Daily Mail Online Next Buster Bloodvessel rushed to hospital Buster Bloodvessel, the roly-poly frontman of eighties band Bad Manners, is seriously ill in hospital after collapsing on stage during a gig in Italy, it has emerged. The 30-stone singer, real name Douglas Trendle, was performing his trademark energetic routine during a leg of his European tour last night when he was taken ill. He was taken to hospital in the northern Italian city of Perugia, where doctors diagnosed a strangulated hernia. While the 40-year-old is in urgent need of an operation, doctors are worried that because of his size he might not survive surgery. A spokesman for the singer said: 'He is very worried and wants to come home but the doctors have said they must operate. Unfortunately he is so big that any operation could be extremely dangerous.' Bloodvessel, whose band has had hits with Lip Up Fatty, Special Brew and Can Can, is married with two children, Charleigh, nine, and Trudi, six. Bad Manners was formed in 1979 and notched up a string of hits during the 1980s. Bloodvessel, who once owned a hotel in Margate, Kent, called Fatty Towers recently appeared in a TV commercial mocking his poor financial state. | eng_Latn | 8,167 |
What is the name of the enzyme produced in the mouth? | Names of the Enzymes in the Mouth & Esophagus | The Classroom | Synonym Names of the Enzymes in the Mouth & Esophagus by Andrea Becker The enzymes in your saliva start the digestion process when you put food in your mouth. Related Articles How Does Temperature Affect Metabolism? You might think of the stomach or the intestines when you think of digestive enzymes, but the process of digestion starts the moment food enters your mouth. The mouth and esophagus themselves don’t produce any enzymes, but saliva, produced in the salivary glands and excreted into the mouth, contains several important enzymes. Saliva is mixed with food as you chew, acting as a lubricant and starting the digestion process. The enzymes in saliva start to break down nutrients and protect you from bacteria. Salivary Amylase One of the primary enzymes in saliva is amylase. Amylase starts to break down starches in the food you eat. Starches are long chains of sugars attached to each other, and amylase breaks the bonds along the chain to release maltose sugar molecules. To experience amylase in action, chew on a cracker for a minute and you will find that it starts to taste sweet. Amylase functions in a neutral to slightly basic environment, which is definitely not to be found in the acid bath that is your stomach. Lysozyme Secretion Lysozyme is secreted in your tears, the mucus in your nose and your saliva. Lysozyme isn’t there to digest your food, it is there to protect you from any harmful bacteria that came with it. Lysozyme breaks down the polysaccharides in the cell walls of many bacteria. Once the cell wall has been broken down, a bacterium dies, bursting like a water balloon. In scientific terms, cell death by popping is known as lysis, so the enzyme that accomplishes the task is called lysozyme. Lingual Lipase Lingual lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, specifically triacylglycerols. It is excreted as part of saliva, but it doesn’t finish its job until it gets to the stomach. The amount of lingual lipase in your saliva decreases as you get older, and gastric and pancreatic lipase lower down in your digestive system take over the job of digesting fats. Lingual lipase is very important for infants because it helps them digest the fats in milk, making digestion much easier for their immature systems. Salivary Kallikrein Kallikrein is the name for a group of proteases, enzymes that break down proteins, which are found throughout the body, including trace amounts in the saliva. The function of salivary kallikrein is not to digest the proteins you consume, however. Salivary kallikrein breaks down very specific proteins with a high molecular weight to produce bradykinin, a protein that helps blood vessels dilate. Changes to kallikrein enzymes have also been linked to certain cancers. References | AllGates Wigan Junction AllGates Wigan Junction Also known as AllGates Napoleon�s Retreat Commercial description Originally named Napoleon�s Retreat after Mike Harding�s (the �Rochdale Cowboy�) poem but renamed in 2015 this chestnut ale is brewed in the traditional NW style. It is an easy drinking full flavoured bitter, but well-rounded with some residual sweetness, with tastes of fruit and vanilla balanced with a resinous hop character. A very popular beer that deserves to be savoured! Proceed to the aliased beer... AllGates Napoleon�s Retreat The brewer markets this same or near-same product by more than one names. This can be the result of a brewer distributing this beer under different names in different countries, or the brewer simply changing the name, but not the recipe at different points in time. About | eng_Latn | 8,168 |
What is the common name for peristalsis? | What is Peristalsis? (with pictures) Hobbies What is Peristalsis? Last Modified Date: 12 January 2017 Copyright Protected: 10 most extreme places on Earth Peristalsis is a series of muscle contractions and relaxations that occur along the course of the intestinal tract to push food and waste products through. In some cases, people can actually feel the contractions as they occur, especially in the case of movements of the large intestine . The basic principles behind this natural process in the body have also been adapted for peristaltic pumps, devices that utilize the same techniques used by the body to push fluids from place to place. The way in which peristalsis works is fairly simple. When food or water enters the gastrointestinal tract , the muscles start to compress and relax in a wave-like motion to push the material through. In the case of someone swallowing a bite of apple, when the apple reaches the esophagus , bands of smooth muscle alternate squeezing and relaxing movements. As the muscle squeezes, the apple moves to the area where the muscle is relaxed, which will be further down the esophagus. The muscles further up stay contracted so that the food can't work its way back up, and eventually, the food reaches the stomach. Ad The stomach, in turn, forces its contents into the intestinal tract with peristaltic movements. The small intestines are constantly pushing material along so that it can be further broken down and digested, and to facilitate the expulsion of gas created as a byproduct of digestion so that the gas does not build up. By contrast, the large intestine goes through only two or three periods of big contractions every day, which are designed to push fecal material out of the anus. This system is designed to prevent reverse peristalsis, in which food goes in the opposite of the desired direction. The body can sometimes have a wayward attitude, however, especially when it comes to getting rid of things which it deems harmful. Vomiting , for example, is caused by intense contractions of the abdominal muscles which push food back up through the esophagus, overriding the usual muscle movements. People may sometimes refer jokingly to vomiting as “reverse peristalsis,” although this terminology is technically incorrect. Ruminants like goats and cows, however, do engage in this practice when they regurgitate cuds to chew on. In these animals, the digestive tract creates a vacuum that pulls partially-digested cuds into the esophagus, and then the animal uses muscle contractions to move the cud into the mouth so that it can be chewed again. Ad | -Name the strait which separates india from srilanka - Geography - CBSE Class 9th Complete Course CBSE Class 9th Complete Course Name the strait which separates india from srilanka Abhinav Singh Palk strait and gulf of. Mannar P Register To Attempt Complete Test f As Seen On People Talking About Us This product has helped us to setup our e-learning courses easily. It is very user friendly and help us to earn extra revenue. Us Kajal Singh Java Course: Really helpful course. Works like a charm on my Nexus 4. Keep up the good work | eng_Latn | 8,169 |
What bodily process breaks food down into nutrients? | What Helps Break Down Food Into Nutrients During Chemical Digestion? | LIVESTRONG.COM What Helps Break Down Food Into Nutrients During Chemical Digestion? by MATTHEW FOX, MD Last Updated: Aug 10, 2015 Matthew Fox, MD Dr. Matthew Fox graduated from the University of California with a Bachelor of Arts in molecular, cell and developmental biology and received a M.D. from the University of Virginia. He is a pathologist and has experience in internal medicine and cancer research. Taking a forkful of food. Photo Credit milla1974/iStock/Getty Images Food has several general components. Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins and fats, each with subcategories. Micronutrients include vitamins, minerals and other chemicals needed in small amounts. Nutrients are typically bound together in large chemical compounds. These large molecules must be broken down by the digestive system into smaller units to be absorbed. The oral cavity, stomach and intestines -- along with other organs such as the pancreas -- are designed to break down and absorb nutrients. After absorption, the cells of the body can utilize the nutrients. Oral Cavity The process of breaking down food into usable nutrients begins in the oral cavity. The tongue, lips and cheeks move the food around in the mouth, exposing it to the teeth. The teeth mash and grind the food. The saliva moistens the food and exposes it to enzymes such as salivary amylase, which breaks down the bonds between long branching carbohydrate molecules. Saliva also causes the chewed food to stick together, forming a bolus. Stomach The stomach contains hydrochloric acid. This kills many bacteria and it also helps the enzymes in the stomach to work. Stomach enzymes such as pepsin break down protein into amino acids. Other types of molecules are not as thoroughly digested as protein until reaching the small intestine. After digestion in the stomach, the food moves through the pylorus into the small intestine. Intestines The liver releases bile and the pancreas releases digestive enzymes into the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. The duodenum also has its own enzymes. Bile helps to dissolve fats and neutralize stomach acid. Enzymes break down the remaining protein into amino acids, and carbohydrates and fats into individual molecules. Then, the cells of the intestine absorb the nutrients and pass them into the blood stream, where they are processed by the liver. Cellular Metabolism Once in the body, fats, carbohydrates and amino acids can be stored by such tissues as the skeletal muscle and the liver. Alternatively, they can be biochemically broken down by the cells in order to form the energy-carrying molecules of the cell, such as adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. Related Searches Lose Weight. Feel Great Change your life with MyPlate by LIVESTRONG.COM GOAL Gain 2 pounds per week Gain 1.5 pounds per week Gain 1 pound per week Gain 0.5 pound per week Maintain my current weight Lose 0.5 pound per week Lose 1 pound per week Lose 1.5 pounds per week Lose 2 pounds per week GENDER | Les parties du corps - Des os, il en faut - alain le lait (French body parts) - YouTube Les parties du corps - Des os, il en faut - alain le lait (French body parts) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 30, 2011 Des os, il en faut - alain le lait du CD 'Parapluie' ©2006 Une chanson sur les parties du corps Words and english translation Tu as deux mains et deux pieds Tu as deux jambes et un nez Tu as un ventre et un dos Et des muscles sous la peau Tu as une tête et un cou Deux oreilles et deux genoux Tu as deux yeux et deux joues Et une bouche qui mange tout, et Sous ta peau il y a des os Des petits et des gros Des os, des os, il en faut C'est parce que tu as des os que ... Bones, you must have them You have two hands and two feet You have two legs and a nose You have a belly (stomach) and a back And muscles underneath your skin You have a head and a neck Two ears and two knees You have two eyes and two cheeks And a mouth that eats everything and Under your skin you have bones Small bones and big ones Bones, bones, you must have them It's because you have bones that ... (repeat from top of the song) Category | eng_Latn | 8,170 |
What name is given to the first, horseshoe-shaped section of the human intestine? | Small Intestine Home > Digestive System > Digestive System of the Lower Torso > Intestines > Small Intestine Small Intestine The small intestine is a long, highly convoluted tube in the digestive system that absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from the food we eat. It is given the name “small intestine” because it is only 1 inch in diameter, making it less than half the diameter of the large intestine. The small intestine is, however, about twice the length of the large intestine and usually measures about 10 feet in length. The small intestine winds throughout the abdominal cavity inferior to the stomach. Its many folds help it to pack all 10 feet of its length into such a small body cavity.... Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame Identify objects: Click on them in the image Change View Angle Full Small Intestine Description [Continued from above] . . . A thin membrane known as the mesentery extends from the posterior body wall of the abdominal cavity to surround the small intestine and anchor it in place. Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels pass through the mesentery to support the tissues of the small intestine and transport nutrients from food in the intestines to the rest of the body. The small intestine can be divided into 3 major regions: The duodenum is the first section of intestine that connects to the pyloric sphincter of the stomach. It is the shortest region of the small intestine, measuring only about 10 inches in length. Partially digested food, or chyme, from the stomach is mixed with bile from the liver and pancreatic juice from the pancreas to complete its digestion in the duodenum. The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine that serves as the primary site of nutrient absorption. It measures around 3 feet in length. The ileum is the final section of the small intestine that empties into the large intestine via the ileocecal sphincter. The ileum is about 6 feet long and completes the absorption of nutrients that were missed in the jejunum. Like the rest of the gastrointestinal tract, the small intestine is made up of four layers of tissue. The mucosa forms the inner layer of epithelial tissue and is specialized for the absorption of nutrients from chyme. Deep to the mucosa is the submucosa layer that provides blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves to support the mucosa on the surface. Several layers of smooth muscle tissue form the muscularis layer that contracts and moves the small intestines. Finally, the serosa forms the outermost layer of epithelial tissue that is continuous with the mesentery and surrounds the intestines. The interior walls of the small intestine are tightly wrinkled into projections called circular folds that greatly increase their surface area. Microscopic examination of the mucosa reveals that the mucosal cells are organized into finger-like projections known as villi, which further increase the surface area. Each square inch of mucosa contains around 20,000 villi. The cells on the surface of the mucosa also contain finger-like projections of their cell membranes known as microvilli, which further increase the surface area of the small intestine. It is estimated that there are around 130 billion microvilli per square inch in the mucosa of the small intestine. All of these wrinkles and projections help to greatly increase the amount of contact between the cells of the mucosa and chyme to maximize the absorption of vital nutrients. The small intestine processes around 2 gallons of food, liquids, and digestive secretions every day. To ensure that the body receives enough nutrients from its food, the small intestine mixes the chyme using smooth muscle contractions called segmentations. Segmentation involves the mixing of chyme about 7 to 12 times per minute within a short segment of the small intestine so that chyme in the middle of the intestine is moved outward to the intestinal wall and contacts the mucosa. In the duodenum, segmentations help to mix chyme with bile and pancre | Epeius | Greek mythology | Britannica.com Greek mythology THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Learn about this topic in these articles: in Trojan horse huge hollow wooden horse constructed by the Greeks to gain entrance into Troy during the Trojan War. The horse was built by Epeius, a master carpenter and pugilist. The Greeks, pretending to desert the war, sailed to the nearby island of Tenedos, leaving behind Sinon, who persuaded the Trojans that the horse was an offering to Athena (goddess of war) that would make Troy impregnable. Despite... | eng_Latn | 8,171 |
Which organ of the body produces bile | Pancreas | Organs | MUSC Digestive Disease Center Map/Directions Pancreas The pancreas and bile duct (biliary) systems together form an important part of the digestive system. The pancreas and liver produce juices (pancreatic juice and bile) which help in the process of digestion (i.e. the breakdown of foods into parts which can be absorbed easily and used by the body). The pancreas is about the same size and shape as a small banana, and lies in the upper abdomen, towards the back, near the spine. The pancreas is solid (acinar tissues), and contains drainage tubes (the pancreatic ductal system). The pancreatic juices are made in the acinar tissues, and passed by secretion into the tubes (ducts) for transport into the duodenum . The exit hole into the duodenum is called the papilla of Vater. The biliary juices (bile) are made in the tissues of the liver (hepatic parenchyma), and then pass into the biliary ductal system (picture). Like a river, these ducts gradually join together to form one stream in the main bile duct, which exits (along with the pancreatic duct) into the duodenum at the "papilla of Vater." The gallbladder is a storage chamber for bile, joined to the side of the bile duct by another small tube the cystic duct. The anatomy (design) of the biliary and pancreatic ducts is not the same in every person. Variations can be important; some can cause medical problems, others may make treatment more difficult or complicated. Papilla of Vater and Minor (Accessory) Papilla The main papilla of Vater is a small nipple-like structure on the wall of the duodenum, in its "second part." The duodenum is the upper part of the small intestine , into which food flows from the stomach . The papilla forms the main exit hole for the bile and pancreatic juices which flow down the bile duct and pancreatic duct. Rarely there are two separate holes close together within the same papillary nipple. The papilla remains closed at rest, because of the activity of a muscular valve (sphincter). The sphincter (of Oddi) surrounds the exit of the bile duct and pancreatic duct. It opens by reflex action when foods enter the stomach, so that juices can be released to help in their digestion. In most people there is a second smaller (minor, or accessory) papilla, situated about 2 cm (3/4 inch) above the main papilla, and slightly to its right. This is the exit hole for Santorini's duct. The minor papilla occasionally acts as a useful safety valve when the main papilla is not able to function correctly, but becomes the main site of drainage for pancreatic juices in the congenital variant called pancreas divisum. Bile Duct System and Gallbladder The bile duct (biliary) system provides the channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the duodenum (through the papilla of Vater). The liver is found in the right upper corner of the abdomen, immediately below the diaphragm. In health it weighs 3-4 pounds. It is divided into right and left lobes, and each of these have several segments. The bile ducts start as tiny tubes called sinusoids which lie between rows of liver cells called hepatocytes. These liver cells make bile, and pass it into the tiny canals (cannaliculi). The small ducts join together like branches to form the main biliary tree, with one trunk which is formed just outside the surface of the liver. This is called the common hepatic duct. The gallbladder is a collection sac for bile, which enters and leaves through a narrow tube called the cystic duct. The gallbladder is about the size of an egg when full. The bile duct below the cystic duct is usually called the common bile duct. The common bile duct and the common hepatic duct together constitute the main bile duct. The lower end of the bile duct sweeps around behind the duodenum and through the head of the pancreas before joining the pancreatic duct at the main papilla (of Vater). Pancreatic Duct System There is a main pancreatic duct which collects juices from all the branches of the pancreatic stream, and exits at the main papilla of Vater. The pattern of these bran | Jaime Camil in Chicago the Musical Video: Jane the Virgin Star as Billy Flynn Email It may not be the Las Vegas residency his Jane the Virgin character would love to rub in Britney Spears ‘ face, but Jaime Camil is feeling pretty good about joining the cast of the Broadway revival of Chicago: The Musical. “I love theater. That’s what I did in Mexico City,” Camil says of his acting career before being cast as Gina Rodriguez’s father in the CW dramedy. “I did a lot of musical theater and it’s where my heart is.” Camil has joined the Broadway production as Billy Flynn, the slick lawyer famously portrayed by Richard Gere in the 2002 film version of the musical. And PEOPLE has exclusive footage of two musical numbers from Camil’s opening night. “This limited engagement arrived beautifully because it’s during my hiatus from Jane the Virgin, so it worked out perfectly,” says Camil, who can be seen in the musical through July 3. “I’m happy to be here. It makes me very happy to be on stage.” Many actors have stepped into the role that was originated by Law & Order‘s Jerry Orbach in the 1975 Broadway production, but Camil has a pretty good idea what will make his interpretation unique. “It’s probably the humor,” he says. Camil stars in Chicago: The Musical at Ambassador Theatre in New York City through July 3. Show Full Article | eng_Latn | 8,172 |
What three organic compounds are digested by pancreatic enzymes? | Which organic compounds serves enzymes? | Which organic compounds serves enzymes? | eng_Latn | 8,173 |
Medical term for painful or difficult digestion? | What is the medical term for difficulty digestion? | What is the medical term for difficulty digestion? | eng_Latn | 8,174 |
Why is there no digestion of starch in the stomach? | Does starch get digested? | Does starch get digested? | eng_Latn | 8,175 |
What happens when you digest proteins? | What happens to protein as it moves through the digestive system? | What happens when your body doesn't get enough protein? | eng_Latn | 8,176 |
How come sometimes your stomach growls when you're hungry? | Why does your stomach growl when were hungry? | What does it mean when your stomach growls and your not hungry? | eng_Latn | 8,177 |
Cockroches' digestive system and human digestive system? | What are the steps in the excretory system procces? | The english colony at roanoke disappears without a trace? | eng_Latn | 8,178 |
Peristalsis layer of the digestive tract wall? | Which wall of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis? | Which wall of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis? | eng_Latn | 8,179 |
What are the tiny particles that absorb digested food are called? | What is the semifluid mass of partly digested food after passing from the stomach is called? | What absorbs food and minerals? | eng_Latn | 8,180 |
What is the purposes of the villi in the small intestine? | What is th purpose of the villi of the small intestine? | What is th purpose of the villi of the small intestine? | eng_Latn | 8,181 |
Where does undigested food go in a rabbit? | Undigested food in body? | Undigested food in body? | eng_Latn | 8,182 |
What regulates the exit of partially gigested food from the stomach? | What regulates the ext or partially disgested food in the stomach of a frog? | What regulates the ext or partially disgested food in the stomach of a frog? | eng_Latn | 8,183 |
Does villi break down food? | Which gas is used by animal cells to break down food? | What is th purpose of the villi of the small intestine? | eng_Latn | 8,184 |
Were does the digestion occur? | Does digestion occur inside the cell of the digestive tract? | Does digestion occur inside the cell of the digestive tract? | eng_Latn | 8,185 |
Is the small intestine atTached to the large? | How do you get from the small intestine to the large? | How do you get from the small intestine to the large? | eng_Latn | 8,186 |
What happens to the rest of the body when the pancreas fails? | What is the pancreas's job in the body? | What is the pancreas's job in the body? | eng_Latn | 8,187 |
Involved in the digestion of good within the cell? | What is involved in the digestion of food with in the cell? | What is involved in the digestion of food with in the cell? | eng_Latn | 8,188 |
What are the stomachs three main purposes? | What is the main functonothe stomach? | What is the pancreas's job in the body? | eng_Latn | 8,189 |
The nondigestable part of certain foods that aids in moving through the digestive tract? | What is the nodigestible part of certain foods that aids in moving food through the digestive tract? | What is the nodigestible part of certain foods that aids in moving food through the digestive tract? | eng_Latn | 8,190 |
What happens after food enters the small intestine? | What happens when the food gets to the small intestine? | What happens when the food gets to the small intestine? | eng_Latn | 8,191 |
Where does chemical digestion begin in the rat? | Chemical digestion of cabohydrates begines here? | What is different about chemical and mechanical digestion? | eng_Latn | 8,192 |
Produces bile which is transported to the duodenum? | How is bile essential to the process in the duodenum? | Glands that do not have ducts are? | eng_Latn | 8,193 |
How do villi improve absorption? | Absorption of food organelles? | What is th purpose of the villi of the small intestine? | eng_Latn | 8,194 |
Digested form of fat and protein? | What isthe end product of digestion for proteins? | What are the three ways power is denied to your national government and give an example? | eng_Latn | 8,195 |
how do I get digestive enzymes without protease? | Acid Ease by Enzymatic is the only digestive enzyme product that does not contain protease. It's for people with "sensitive" stomach. | Like the other response states, this is just an easy way to fill pouches. You could probably use both together - Beaba to cook/purée and then this to fill pouches and store. Hope that helps! | eng_Latn | 8,196 |
Where does the digestion of proteins begin? | How does the digestion of proteins begin? | What is an example of a textbook synopsis of the pathophysiology of pneumonia? | eng_Latn | 8,197 |
What are the two types of digestion? | Digestive systems take many forms. There is a fundamental distinction between internal and external digestion. External digestion developed earlier in evolutionary history, and most fungi still rely on it. In this process, enzymes are secreted into the environment surrounding the organism, where they break down an organic material, and some of the products diffuse back to the organism. Animals have a tube (gastrointestinal tract) in which internal digestion occurs, which is more efficient because more of the broken down products can be captured, and the internal chemical environment can be more efficiently controlled. | Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg). | eng_Latn | 8,198 |
These glands secrete liquid into the mouths of mammals to help break down starches | The Digestive System - Dictionary definition of The Digestive System ... Bile: Greenish yellow liquid produced by the liver that neutralizes acids and emulsifies ... Gastric juice (GAS-trick JOOSE):: Secretion of the gastric glands of the stomach, .... Ducts or tiny tubes carry saliva from these glands into the mouth. .... By breaking down the fats in to smaller units, bile salts aid the fatdigesting enzymes... | Jeopary Questions page 2197 - BROADWAY MUSICALS ... CORPORATE AMERICA: Nabisco is hounding the bad doggie breath problem by adding this flavor to its Milk-Bones ABBREV.: One of the two metal alloys... | eng_Latn | 8,199 |
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