pubid int32 1.28M 27.9M | question stringlengths 10 329 | context sequence | long_answer stringlengths 3 2.87k |
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14,499,029 | Is naturopathy as effective as conventional therapy for treatment of menopausal symptoms? | {
"contexts": [
"Although the use of alternative medicine in the United States is increasing, no published studies have documented the effectiveness of naturopathy for treatment of menopausal symptoms compared to women receiving conventional therapy in the clinical setting.",
"To compare naturopathic therapy ... | Naturopathy appears to be an effective alternative for relief of specific menopausal symptoms compared to conventional therapy. |
14,499,049 | Can randomised trials rely on existing electronic data? | {
"contexts": [
"To estimate the feasibility, utility and resource implications of electronically captured routine data for health technology assessment by randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and to recommend how routinely collected data could be made more effective for this purpose.",
"Four health technolog... | Routine data have the potential to support health technology assessment by RCTs. The cost of data collection and analysis is likely to fall, although further work is required to improve the validity of routine data, particularly in central returns. Better knowledge of the capability of local systems and access to the data held on them is also essential. Routinely captured clinical data have real potential to measure patient outcomes, particularly if the detail and precision of the data could be improved. |
14,499,672 | Is laparoscopic radical prostatectomy better than traditional retropubic radical prostatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare morbidity in two groups of patients who underwent retropubic or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in the same period.",
"The clinical and pathological data obtained in 50 consecutive patients who underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) from January 2001 to December 2001 w... | The results of our non-randomized study show that up to now laparoscopic radical prostatectomy does not provide significant advantages in terms of peri-operative morbidity compared with the traditional retropubic approach. |
14,499,773 | Does bacterial gastroenteritis predispose people to functional gastrointestinal disorders? | {
"contexts": [
"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) might develop after gastroenteritis. Most previous studies of this relationship have been uncontrolled, and little is known regarding other functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) after gastroenteritis. The primary aim of this study was to determine the freque... | Symptoms consistent with IBS and functional diarrhea occur more frequently in people after bacterial gastroenteritis compared with controls, even after careful exclusion of people with pre-existing FGIDs. The frequency is similar at 3 and 6 months. Our findings support the existence of postinfectious IBS and give an accurate estimate of its frequency. |
14,499,777 | Is early colonoscopy after admission for acute diverticular bleeding needed? | {
"contexts": [
"Urgent colonoscopy has been proposed for the diagnosis and management of acute colonic diverticular bleeding. Identification of active bleeding and nonbleeding stigmata facilitates diagnosis and endoscopic therapy, but it is unclear whether urgent colonoscopy after presentation increases the diag... | No significant association is apparent between the timing of colonoscopy after admission and encountering active bleeding or nonbleeding stigmata. Based on these observations, urgent colonoscopy for these patients does not seem advantageous. |
14,500,299 | Does the use of a specialised paediatric retrieval service result in the loss of vital stabilisation skills among referring hospital staff? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the proportion of airway and vascular access procedures performed by referring hospital staff on critically ill children in two discrete time periods, before and after widespread use of a specialised paediatric retrieval service.",
"Transport data were obtained from retrieval logs ... | Referring hospital staff are performing a greater proportion of initial airway and vascular access procedures undertaken in the stabilisation of sick children retrieved by a specialised paediatric retrieval team. The provision of this service has not resulted in the loss of vital skills at the local hospital. |
14,500,315 | Management of thoracic empyema in childhood: does the pleural thickening matter? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the clinical course and long term outcome of empyema treated without decortication.",
"Fourteen consecutive admissions to one hospital were studied; radiological resolution and lung function were subsequently followed. The children were aged 2-14 years. All were treated with intr... | Results suggest that decortication is not necessary in children to prevent long term problems with pleural thickening, and should be undertaken on the basis of the clinical picture (failure of fever resolution), rather than radiological appearance. |
14,501,446 | Does repeated hyperbaric exposure to 4 atmosphere absolute cause hearing impairment? | {
"contexts": [
"Direct pressure applied on the inner ear cannot induce hearing loss.",
"Three possible causes have been described in the literature for inner ear permanent lesions during scuba diving: pressure imbalance between the middle ear and the external ear, appearance of microbubbles in the internal e... | Pressure applied directly on the inner ear during diving does not disturb cochlear activity. |
14,501,647 | Lower urinary tract reconstruction for duplicated renal units with ureterocele. Is excision of the ureterocele with reconstruction of the bladder base necessary? | {
"contexts": [
"Current practice in reconstruction of the lower urinary tract for duplicated renal systems with an associated ureterocele is excision of the ureterocele with reconstruction of the bladder and a common sheath ureteroneocystostomy. For a nonfunctioning upper pole treatment is partial nephroureterec... | Lower urinary tract reconstruction for duplicated renal systems with obstruction of the upper pole can be accomplished safely with decreased morbidity through the extravesical approach without excision of the ureterocele or reconstruction of the bladder base. Moreover, in instances when there is no reflux to the lower pole moiety, upper pole only extravesical ureteroneocystostomy can be performed. |
14,501,656 | Is common sheath extravesical reimplantation an effective technique to correct reflux in duplicated collecting systems? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluate the outcome vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in duplicated collecting systems compared to single collecting systems corrected using an extravesical detrusorrhaphy approach.",
"We reviewed the records of 266 patients (422 ureters) treated for VUR using an extravesical approach between 1... | Common sheath extravesical reimplantation is highly effective in treating VUR. The common sheath extravesical reimplantation for duplicated collecting systems is as effective in nonduplicated systems and is associated with minimal perioperative morbidity. |
14,501,689 | Is an empty left hemiscrotum and hypertrophied right descended testis predictive of perinatal torsion? | {
"contexts": [
"We determine whether the finding of a nonpalpable left testis and hypertrophied(2 cc or greater) right testis is predictive of an atrophic (perinatal torsion) left testis.",
"Prospectively, all boys with a nonpalpable left testis and hypertrophied right testis seen between May 2000 and May 20... | The combination of a nonpalpable left testis and an enlarged right testis is highly predictive of perinatal testicular torsion. When both criteria were met 20 of 22 (91%) consecutive patients had histological or laparoscopically confirmed perinatal torsion and 1 had only clinical features. This finding supports the concept of scrotal exploration as the initial procedure in the child who has an empty left hemiscrotum and hypertrophied descended right testis. Laparoscopy should be reserved for boys in whom a distinct remnant is not found on scrotal exploration. |
14,501,691 | Does treatment with clean intermittent catheterization in boys with posterior urethral valves affect bladder and renal function? | {
"contexts": [
"In boys with resected posterior urethral valves (PUV) deterioration of renal function is seen during childhood and adolescence, which may partly be caused by bladder dysfunction. We present data on renal and bladder function initially and at followup of boys with PUV in whom the bladder dysfuncti... | The results suggest that treatment of bladder dysfunction in boys with PUV can counteract the deterioration in renal function seen during childhood but the number of patients in our study is limited. |
14,501,732 | Can bladder outflow obstruction be diagnosed from pressure flow analysis of voiding initiated by involuntary detrusor overactivity? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether a diagnosis of bladder outflow obstruction could be established from pressure flow analysis of a void initiated by involuntary detrusor overactivity.",
"A total of 79 men with lower urinary tract symptoms were identified prospectively. In each subject 2 sequential pres... | This study demonstrates that increased detrusor pressure observed during voiding subsequent to detrusor overactivity does not change the diagnostic classification in 80% of men. The results provide evidence that bladder outflow obstruction can be reliably diagnosed based on pressure flow parameters recorded during voiding initiated by involuntary detrusor overactivity. |
14,501,771 | Optimal lesion assessment following acute radio frequency ablation of porcine kidney: cellular viability or histopathology? | {
"contexts": [
"Radio frequency ablation (RFA) has been used as a minimally invasive alternative to nephrectomy for small renal tumors. Questions have arisen regarding the accuracy of cell viability determination on standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. We investigated and compared the histological char... | While RFA produces discernible histological changes acutely on H&E, these alterations are variable and patchy, and they alternate with areas of well preserved tissue. Therefore, NADH staining should always be used to assess and verify cellular death in RFA lesions. In this study no skip areas of viable cells were noted within areas of ablated tissue on NADH staining. |
14,502,009 | Efficacy of secondary isoniazid preventive therapy among HIV-infected Southern Africans: time to change policy? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the efficacy of secondary preventive therapy against tuberculosis (TB) among gold miners working in South Africa.",
"An observational study.",
"Health service providing comprehensive care for gold miners.",
"The incidence of recurrent TB was compared between two cohorts o... | Secondary preventive therapy reduces TB recurrence: the absolute impact appears to be greatest among individuals with low CD4 cell counts. International TB preventive therapy guidelines for HIV-infected individuals need to be expanded to include recommendations for secondary preventive therapy in settings where TB prevalence is high. |
14,502,861 | Is it necessary to obtain serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin in asymptomatic women with infertility? | {
"contexts": [
"Most obstetricians and gynecologists order serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) in every female patient undergoing an infertility evaluation (regardless of their menstrual rhythm).",
"Patients were recruited from the clinical practice of the named authors in a... | The practice of routinely ordering serum levels of TSH and PRL in infertility patients having normal periods is questioned. |
14,504,121 | Valuing the outcomes of treatment: do patients and their caregivers agree? | {
"contexts": [
"Treatment outcomes are an important determinant of patients' treatment preferences. Although studies have examined how well surrogates agree with patients' preferences for specific treatment interventions, agreement regarding the valuation of health states as treatment outcomes is unknown.",
... | Patient-caregiver agreement about the acceptability of health states with functional or cognitive impairment, severe pain, or other symptoms was poor. Caregivers making surrogate decisions based on considerations of treatment outcomes may not effectively represent patients' preferences. |
14,504,728 | Do different mattresses affect the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of different mattresses on cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance and establish whether emergency deflation of an inflatable mattress improves the quality of resuscitation.",
"Randomised controlled cross-over trial performed in a general",
"Critical care staff f... | Resuscitation performance is adversely affected when performed on a bed (irrespective of mattress type) compared to the floor. There were no differences between the inflated and deflated mattresses, although the deflation process did not adversely affect performance. This study does not support the routine deflation of an inflated mattress during resuscitation and questions the potential benefits from using a backboard. The finding that bed height affects maximal compression forces, challenges the recommendation that cardiopulmonary resuscitation be performed with the bed at middle-thigh level and requires further investigation. |
14,504,731 | Could health care costs for depression be decreased if the disorder were correctly diagnosed and treated? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to assess the general population from two Sardinian areas to ascertain the direct health care costs involved in a diagnosis of major depression, and to verify the hypothesis of an increased expenditure for untreated depressed subjects.",
"A case-control study ... | In spite of the limitations of the small sample size, the results seem to confirm an increase of direct health care costs in untreated depressed subjects. In view of the availability of efficient forms of treatment for depression, the findings obtained indicate that depression should be considered a priority question for public health and assigning of resources. Further confirmation should be sought in larger population-based studies representing the entire national context. |
14,504,836 | MR imaging of anterior cruciate ligament tears: is there a gender gap? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinically, females receive anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears more commonly than males. We explored whether gender differences exist in MR imaging patterns of ACL tears.",
"At 1.5 T, two observers evaluated MR examinations of 84 consecutive age-matched patients (42 males, 42 females, age... | Gender differences in MR imaging patterns of ACL tears exist: females are more commonly imaged in the acute stage and more commonly possess posterolateral tibial bone contusions; males have a more severe presentation than females, associated with more severe lateral femoral condyle and soft tissue injuries. |
14,504,843 | Distribution of spinal fractures in children: does age, mechanism of injury, or gender play a significant role? | {
"contexts": [
"The distribution of fractures in the spine reported in the literature is quite variable. Application of such data to the pediatric population needs to take into account differences between children and adults, including overall decreased fracture frequency in children, developmental and physiolog... | Regardless of gender or mechanism of injury, the thoracic spine (T2-T10) is the most common region of fracture in pediatric trauma patients. |
14,504,994 | Do people recognise mental illness? | {
"contexts": [
"Mental health literacy has been defined as the public's knowledge and the beliefs about mental disorders enhancing the ability to recognise specific disorders.",
"Firstly, to determine whether the public recognises a person depicted in a vignette as mentally ill or as experiencing a crisis. S... | The low knowledge about mental disorders, particularly depression, confirms the importance and the need to increase mental health literacy. Furthermore, professionals must openly discuss illness models with their patients, especially emphasising the differences between illness and crisis. |
14,506,201 | Documentation of idiotypic cascade after Lym-1 radioimmunotherapy in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: basis for extended survival? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to examine idiotypic cascade mechanisms in the plasma of a prolonged survivor patient with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It is a follow-up to previously published seminal studies by this laboratory showing survival benefit associated with radioimmunotherap... | This study offers direct evidence for initiation of a multilevel idiotypic cascade in a patient undergoing passive monoclonal antibody therapy for NHL. The patient's prolonged disease-free survival may, thus, be understood in the context of the generation of endogenous, self-perpetuating tumor-specific antibodies. |
14,506,332 | Management of cancer of the ampulla of Vater: does local resection play a role? | {
"contexts": [
"The clinical outcome of patients with ampullary carcinoma is significantly more favorable than for patients with pancreatic head carcinoma. The Whipple procedure is the operation of choice for both diagnoses. Still local resection is recommended in selected cases. The aim of this study was to ass... | Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the preferred operation for cancer of the ampulla of Vater in patients who are fit for the procedure. Local resection plays a limited role in carefully selected patients. |
14,506,393 | Is hypothyroidism a risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Thyroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, both of which are affected in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Anecdotally, we have observed that a number of patients with NASH carried a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. However, it is... | These data suggest that hypothyroidism is associated with human NASH. Further research is needed to confirm this finding and to understand its implications. |
14,506,552 | Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage,: is emergency transcranial Doppler sonography useful? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain the value of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in the first 24 hours of hospital admission in patients suffering good-grade spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in order to detect a high-risk group for symptomatic vasospasm.",
"Forty-nine spontaneous good-grade SAH ... | The ability of TCD recorded in the first 24 hours of hospital admission to detect high-risk vasospasm patients for SAH with low clinical severity helps decide the most efficient patient destination. During the first three days the MV/24h is of value but not the absolute figure of the MV. In contrast, between the 4th and 14th day after SAH, the absolute figure of MV was useful to predict vasospasm. |
14,507,407 | Chronic vulvar purpura: persistent pigmented purpuric dermatitis (lichen aureus) of the vulva or plasma cell (Zoon's) vulvitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Lichen aureus is localized variant of persistent pigmented purpuric dermatitis that typically affects the legs and can be associated with delayed hypersensitivity reactions or vascular abnormalities. Plasma cell vulvitis (Zoon's vulvitis) is a rare condition that frequently contains hemosiderin d... | Reported herein is an unusual vulvar dermatosis that is best classified as a localized variant of persistent pigmented dermatosis (lichen aureus) but overlaps clinically and histologically with Zoon's vulvitis. This constellation of findings may represent a site-specific mucosal reaction to an erosive process that could either be inflammatory (hypersensitivity reaction) and/or traumatic in nature. |
14,507,792 | Is it possible to diagnose acute otitis media accurately in primary health care? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute otitis media causes human suffering and enormous costs to society. Symptoms of acute otitis media overlap those of the common cold, and diagnostic methods confirming the diagnosis are used only occasionally. Uncertainty in diagnostics may lead either to overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatme... | The use of a pneumatic otoscope and tympanometry reduces the number of acute otitis media diagnoses by>30%, suggesting that acute otitis media may be misdiagnosed often. Between clinicians, there was a substantial discrepancy in diagnoses of acute otitis media. |
14,507,796 | Using the Internet to conduct surveys of health professionals: a valid alternative? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to examine whether Internet-based surveys of health professionals can provide a valid alternative to traditional survey methods.",
"(i) Systematic review of published Internet-based surveys of health professionals focusing on criteria of external validity, specif... | Internet-based surveys provide an attractive alternative to postal and telephone surveys of health professionals, but they raise important technical and methodological issues which should be carefully considered before widespread implementation. The major obstacle is external validity, and specifically how to obtain a representative sample and adequate response rate. Controlled access to a national list of NHSnet e-mail addresses of health professionals could provide a solution. |
14,507,797 | Providing information on metered dose inhaler technique: is multimedia as effective as print? | {
"contexts": [
"Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are not easy to use well. Every MDI user receives a manufacturer's patient information leaflet (PIL). However, not everyone is able or willing to read written information. Multimedia offers an alternative method for teaching or reinforcing correct inhaler technique.",... | Short-term, multimedia is as least as effective as a good leaflet, and may have advantages for steps involving movement. MTS was acceptable to all age groups. The method could be used more widely in primary care. |
14,507,862 | Expression of PRPF31 mRNA in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa: a molecular clue for incomplete penetrance? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether the incomplete penetrance phenotype characteristic of adRP families linked to chromosome 19q13.4 (RP11) with mutations in the PRPF31 gene is due to differentially expressed wild-type alleles in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.",
"Real-time quantitative RT-PCR w... | Partial penetrance in RP11 could be due to the coinheritance of a PRPF31 gene defect and a low-expressed wild-type allele. This study revealed a potential avenue for future therapy in that it appears the moderate overexpression of wild-type PRPF31 may prevent clinical manifestation of the disease. |
14,508,024 | Blunted cortisol responses to psychosocial stress in asthmatic children: a general feature of atopic disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Atopy is defined by the individual predisposition to develop a group of inflammatory disorders in response to certain food or environmental substances that are otherwise innocuous for the host. In previous studies we could demonstrate a reduced responsiveness of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal... | These findings suggest that a blunted adrenocortical response to stress may represent a common feature of chronic allergic inflammatory processes that may be relevant in different forms of chronic manifestation of atopy. |
14,508,041 | Does depression influence symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is frequently associated with mood disorder. However, it is typically difficult to distinguish between disturbed mood as a causal agent and disturbed mood as a consequence of the experience of IBS. This report considers the association between mood and symptom sever... | The unusual co-occurrence of IBS with bipolar disorder provides direct evidence to indicate that depression does not necessarily lead to an increase in the reported severity of IBS, at least in the context of bipolar disorder, and may under certain circumstances actually be associated with a reduction in the severity of IBS symptoms. Factors that might moderate the relationship between depression and symptom severity are discussed. |
14,508,132 | Do peritoneal macrophages play an essential role in the progression of acute pancreatitis in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Macrophages are considered to play an essential role in the events leading to systemic inflammatory response. Some are known to reside in the peritoneal cavity but there are no reports defining the participation of peritoneal macrophages (PMs) in the progression of acute pancreatitis.AIM: To clar... | Peritoneal macrophages extend inflammation from the pancreas to the peritoneal cavity and subsequently induce lung injury in acute pancreatitis. Peritoneal macrophages play an essential role in the systemic inflammatory response and the progression of acute pancreatitis in the rat. |
14,508,212 | Long-term survival following Kasai portoenterostomy: is chronic liver disease inevitable? | {
"contexts": [
"Extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) is the most common indication for liver transplantation in childhood. Most children who do not undergo transplant are reported to have chronic liver disease and its complications. The aim of this single-center study was to identify children with normal laborato... | A sizable proportion of children with EHBA avoid significant chronic liver disease and its complications 10 years or more after conventional surgical correction and have an excellent quality of life. Their good outcome is not hampered by isolated episodes of ascending cholangitis. Whether or not the residual histologic damage will become symptomatic during their lifetime remains to be established. |
14,508,359 | Shortage of donation despite an adequate number of donors: a professional attitude? | {
"contexts": [
"A major problem in the field of transplantation is the persistent shortage of donor organs and tissues for transplantation. This study was initiated to (1) chart the donor potential for organs and tissue in The Netherlands and (2) to identify factors influencing whether donation is discussed with... | In The Netherlands, when taking into account current refusal percentages, 320 to 360 organ donations and 5,800 tissue donations could be effectuated if organ donation is posed to all possible donors. For this, knowledge of medical criteria and contraindications for donation by the physicians and their willingness to discuss donation with next of kin must be improved. |
14,508,366 | Is posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) caused by any specific immunosuppressive drug or by the transplantation per se? | {
"contexts": [
"An association between posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and cyclosporine A (CsA) and OKT3 has often been postulated on the basis of retrospective studies, although a randomized study with PTLD as the endpoint will probably never be performed. Because focus on PTLD coincided with... | We found no evidence to implicate any one drug regime preferentially in the development of PTLDs. The risk of developing PTLD seems to be a result of the whole transplantation process, which includes the antigenicity of the foreign graft, the immunosuppression resulting in inadequate cytotoxic T-cell activity, and the result of EBV infection. An important minority of cases are EBV negative. |
14,508,617 | Is there an inhibitory role of cortisol in the mechanism of male sexual arousal and penile erection? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been speculated for more than 2 decades whether there is a significance of adrenal corticosteroids, such as cortisol, in the process of normal male sexual function, especially in the control of sexual arousal and the penile erectile tissue. However, only few in vivo studies have been carri... | Our results strongly suggest an inhibitory role for cortisol in the mechanism of male sexual response and behaviour. These properties are mediated rather via an effect on central structures than on the penile erectile tissue. Future studies to include patients suffering from erectile dysfunction may reveal whether or not there are differences in the cortisol serum profiles of healthy subjects and patients under different stages of sexual arousal. |
14,510,252 | Nasal and hand carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in staff at a Department for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: endogenous or exogenous source? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the rates of Staphylococcus aureus carriage on the hands and in the noses of healthcare workers (HCWs) and the relatedness of S. aureus isolates found in the two sites.",
"Point-prevalence study.",
"Department for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at the University Hospit... | Half of the HCWs acquired S. aureus on the hands from patients or the environment and half did so by apparent self-inoculation from the nose. Regardless of the source of contamination, good compliance with hand hygiene is needed from all HCWs to protect patients from nosocomial infections. The moderate rate of S. aureus carriage on hands in this setting could be the result of the routine use of alcoholic hand antisepsis. |
14,510,652 | Does impaired left ventricular relaxation affect P wave dispersion in patients with hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"P wave dispersion (PD) is considered to reflect the heterogeneous conduction in atria. We investigated whether there was a correlation between the left ventricular (LV) relaxation and PD.",
"Fifty-three hypertensive patients<or =60 years old were divided into two groups: Group A, 27 patients,... | This study suggests that impaired LV relaxation contributes to the heterogeneous atrial conduction in hypertensive patients. |
14,510,862 | Does overnight normalization of plasma glucose by insulin infusion affect assessment of glucose metabolism in Type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"In order to perform euglycaemic clamp studies in Type 2 diabetic patients, plasma glucose must be reduced to normal levels. This can be done either (i) acutely during the clamp study using high-dose insulin infusion, or (ii) slowly overnight preceding the clamp study using a low-dose insulin infu... | Apart from basal rates of Rd, assessment of glucose turnover rates in euglycaemic clamp studies of Type 2 diabetic patients is not dependent on the method by which plasma glucose levels are lowered. |
14,511,038 | Is the conservative management of chronic retention in men ever justified? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the outcome of men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with large postvoid residual urine volumes (PVR).",
"The study included men presenting with LUTS and a PVR of>250 mL who, because of significant comorbidity, a low symptom score or patient request, wer... | Complications such as renal failure, acute retention and UTIs are uncommon in men with large, chronic PVRs. Conservative management for this group of patients is reasonable but outpatient review is prudent. There were no factors that could be used to predict those patients who eventually required surgery. |
14,511,046 | Open mini-access ureterolithotomy: the treatment of choice for the refractory ureteric stone? | {
"contexts": [
"To report the experience in one centre of the efficacy and safety of open mini-access ureterolithotomy (MAU) and to discuss relevant current indications.",
"MAU was undertaken in 112 patients (mean age 38 years, range 26-57) between 1991 and 2001; the details and outcomes are reviewed. The me... | MAU is a safe and reliable minimally invasive procedure; its role is mainly confined to salvage for failed first-line stone treatments but in selected cases, where a poor outcome can be predicted from other methods, it is an excellent first-line treatment. |
14,511,161 | The minimum data set weight-loss quality indicator: does it reflect differences in care processes related to weight loss? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether nursing homes (NHs) that score differently on prevalence of weight loss, according to a Minimum Data Set (MDS) quality indicator, also provide different processes of care related to weight loss.",
"Cross-sectional.",
"Sixteen skilled nursing facilities: 11 NHs in the ... | The MDS weight-loss quality indicator reflects differences in the prevalence of weight loss between NHs. NHs with a lower prevalence of weight loss have fewer residents at risk for weight loss and staff who provide verbal prompting and social interaction to more residents during meals, but the adequacy and quality of feeding assistance care needs improvement in all NHs. |
14,511,164 | Prehospital DNR orders: what do physicians in Washington know? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether physicians know of Washington State's prehospital do-not-resuscitate (DNR) policy, 6 years after its implementation.",
"Cross-sectional survey.",
"Washington State, April 2001.",
"Four hundred seventy-one practicing physicians.",
"Multivariate logistic regression... | The findings in this study suggest that most physicians in Washington State lack knowledge about the documentation needed for EMS personnel to forgo pre-hospital attempts at cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Further study is needed to determine whether physician education or legislative change is necessary. |
14,512,007 | Does lipoprotein(a) inhibit elastolysis in abdominal aortic aneurysms? | {
"contexts": [
"to test the hypothesis that there is a negative association between serum levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and elastin-derived peptides (EDP) as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activation in the aneurysm wall in patients with asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).",
"from 30 ... | this preliminary study indicate that Lp(a) inhibit elastolysis in asymptomatic AAA. |
14,512,510 | Thin-section CT of the lung: does electrocardiographic triggering influence diagnosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the impact of prospective electrocardiographic (ECG) triggering on image quality and diagnostic outcome of thin-section computed tomography (CT) of the lung.",
"Forty-five consecutive patients referred for thin-section CT of the lung were examined with prospectively ECG-triggered... | Given the lack of improvement in diagnostic accuracy and the need for additional resources, ECG-triggered thin-section CT of the lung is not recommended for routine clinical practice. |
14,512,912 | Tanning facility use: are we exceeding Food and Drug Administration limits? | {
"contexts": [
"The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends exposure limits for tanning bed use. Tanning patrons may not be following these recommendations and may be overexposed to damaging ultraviolet radiation (UV).",
"This study was conducted to assess tanning patrons' adherence to FDA-recommend... | Interventions for tanning bed operators and patrons are needed to increase compliance with federally recommended exposure limits. |
14,512,913 | Are there racial and sex differences in the use of oral isotretinoin for acne management in the United States? | {
"contexts": [
"Treatment of various diseases has been noted to vary by patient demographics. There is reason to suspect that there may be sex and racial differences in the treatment of severe acne.",
"We sought to determine if treatment of severe acne with oral isotretinoin varied with patient sex, race, or... | Patients who are black receive less oral isotretinoin than those who are white, and the expense of isotretinoin appears to be one factor in this difference. Women are less likely than men to receive isotretinoin at acne visits. Expense does not appear to be a factor in this difference. Dermatologists have more experience than nondermatologists managing acne, prescribing isotretinoin, and counseling women treated with isotretinoin concerning pregnancy prevention. Pregnancy prevention is an essential component of isotretinoin use in women that must not be ignored. |
14,513,130 | Are breastfeeding and complementary feeding of children of adolescent mothers different from those of adult mothers? | {
"contexts": [
"To study breastfeeding during the first year of life and the kind of complementary food provided at one year of life to children of adolescent mothers. To compare these data with breastfeeding and complementary food received by children of adult mothers.",
"A dual cohort was performed. Childr... | Duration and pattern of breastfeeding were similar between children of adolescent mothers and of adult mothers. The complementary nutrition was similar, except for a lower intake of meat and a higher intake of eggs among the children of adolescent mothers. |
14,513,135 | Does violence in the emotional relationships make STD/AIDS prevention more difficult? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify violent situations in the daily life of adolescents and young people of low-income communities; to establish a relation between the use of drugs and STD/AIDS risk behavior; and to verify if violence in the emotional relationships between adolescents and young people make the STD/AIDS ... | The study showed that there is an important association between violence in the emotional relationships and the inconsistent use of condoms in the group studied. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken regarding youth behavior that involves the risk of STD/AIDS infection, associated with campaigns against violence. |
14,513,159 | Is low antiepileptic drug dose effective in long-term seizure-free patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the value of leaving seizure-free patients on low-dose medication.",
"This was an exploratory prospective randomized study conducted at our University Hospital. We evaluated the frequency of seizure recurrence and its risk factors following complete or partial antiepileptic dru... | Leaving seizure free patients on low AED dose did not reduce the risk for seizure recurrence. That is, once the decision of AED withdrawal has been established, it should be complete. |
14,513,984 | Parental perception of waiting time and its influence on parental satisfaction in an urban pediatric emergency department: are parents accurate in determining waiting time? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to determine whether parental perception of waiting time in an urban pediatric emergency department (ED) is accurate and whether the actual waiting times or their perception of waiting times impact on parental satisfaction.",
"A prospective convenience sample s... | Parents tend to overestimate waiting time. Both perceived and actual waiting times that exceed 2 hours were associated with parental dissatisfaction. ED administrators may need to keep this in mind when arranging ED staffing patterns to match peak patient hours to achieve optimal parental satisfaction. |
14,514,002 | Do poison center guidelines adversely affect patient outcomes as triage referral values increase? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether patient outcomes were adversely affected as healthcare referral values increased for two common poisonings: acute, unintentional acetaminophen (APAP) poisonings and acute, unintentional iron (Fe) poisonings. We hypothesized that symptom rates wou... | Referral values as high as 201 mg/kg for APAP and 61 mg/kg for Fe do not appear to adversely affect patient outcomes. |
14,514,343 | Is [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) scintigraphy with non-dedicated positron emission tomography useful in the diagnostic management of suspected metastatic thyroid carcinoma in patients with no detectable radioiodine uptake? | {
"contexts": [
"Dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer leads to an inability of thyroid cells to concentrate iodine. In these cases, imaging methods that allow an accurate detection of recurrence and/or metastases at an early stage are essential for an adequate management of patients. Positron emission tomography u... | nPET-FDG has a high sensitivity for the detection of tumour sites in patients when pathological iodine uptake cannot be demonstrated and appears to be a useful method in patients with elevated Tg levels, especially when dedicated PET is either unavailable or impractical. |
14,514,504 | Do patients with schizophrenia consciously recollect emotional events better than neutral events? | {
"contexts": [
"The influence of the emotional valence of words on conscious awareness was assessed in patients with schizophrenia.",
"The remember/know procedure was used to test 24 patients with schizophrenia and 24 normal comparison subjects.",
"Patients' \"remember\" responses and conscious recollect... | Patients with schizophrenia consciously recollected emotional words better than neutral words. |
14,514,505 | Are impairments of action monitoring and executive control true dissociative dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia? | {
"contexts": [
"Impaired self-monitoring is considered a critical deficit of schizophrenia. The authors asked whether this is a specific and isolable impairment or is part of a global disturbance of cognitive and attentional functions.",
"Internal monitoring of erroneous actions, as well as three components ... | This finding suggests that dysfunction of self-monitoring in schizophrenia does not necessarily reflect a general decline in cognitive function but is evidence of disproportionately pronounced impairment of action monitoring, which may be mediated by a distinct subsystem within the brain's executive attention networks. |
14,514,571 | Is HbA(1c) affected by glycemic instability? | {
"contexts": [
"HbA(1c) is a standard clinical assessment of glycemia and the basis of most data relating glycemic control to complications. It remains unclear, however, whether HbA(1c) is affected by glycemic variation and mean glycemia.",
"To test this question, we analyzed the statistical relationship bet... | HbA(1c) reflects mean glycemia and is not meaningfully affected by glycemic instability after adjusting for mean BG. |
14,514,572 | Moderate alcohol consumption, estrogen replacement therapy, and physical activity are associated with increased insulin sensitivity: is abdominal adiposity the mediator? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate 1). associations between environmental factors (alcohol consumption, hormone replacement therapy [HRT], and physical activity) and insulin resistance and secretion,independent of genetic influences; 2). the contribution of abdominal adiposity to these relationships; and 3). whether... | Moderate alcohol consumption, estrogen replacement, and physical activity are associated with increased insulin sensitivity in female twins. The favorable effects of moderate alcohol consumption and physical activity on insulin sensitivity are partly mediated by lower abdominal adiposity. |
14,514,582 | Low insulin sensitivity (S(i) = 0) in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects in the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study: is it associated with components of the metabolic syndrome and nontraditional risk factors? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the meaning of S(i) = 0 derived from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test.",
"The issue of assessing insulin resistance in large studies is important because the most definitive method (\"gold standard\"), the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, is expensive a... | We found very few subjects with S(i) = 0 among subjects with NGT and few subjects with S(i) = 0 among subjects with IGT. In contrast, S(i) = 0 was common in subjects with diabetes. Subjects with S(i) = 0 tended to have more features of the insulin resistance syndrome than other insulin-resistant subjects with S(i)>0, as would be expected of subjects with almost no insulin-mediated glucose disposal, thus suggesting that subjects with S(i) = 0 are correctly classified as being very insulin resistant rather than having failed the minimal model program. |
14,514,907 | Prevalence of measles susceptibility among health care workers in a UK hospital. Does the UK need to introduce a measles policy for its health care workers? | {
"contexts": [
"First, to determine the prevalence of measles non-immunity in a group of health care workers (HCW), and secondly, to investigate what pre-employment screening for measles is carried out by NHS occupational health departments.",
"Two hundred and eighteen HCWs with patient contact on the medica... | The prevalence of measles non-immune health care workers is low, but with a fall in uptake of MMR immunization and increased likelihood of measles outbreaks, it is important to identify these at-risk individuals. Serum testing is the most reliable method to use. Oral fluid testing and history of measles disease or vaccination are unreliable methods of identifying non-immune individuals. To achieve complete immunity, it is cost-effective to screen and then offer immunization. NHS trusts vary greatly in their measles policies for health care workers. |
14,514,932 | Does influenza vaccination increase consultations, corticosteroid prescriptions, or exacerbations in subjects with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Concern over the safety of influenza vaccination in individuals with obstructive airways disease has contributed to suboptimal rates of vaccine uptake in this group. We investigated the safety of influenza vaccine in older people with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a co... | Older people with asthma or COPD commonly have diagnoses recorded or prescriptions for oral corticosteroids given on the day of influenza vaccination, but there is no increased risk of adverse acute outcomes in the first 2 weeks after vaccination. Our findings strongly suggest that influenza vaccination is safe in this population. |
14,514,935 | Can a self-management programme delivered by a community pharmacist improve asthma control? | {
"contexts": [
"No randomised studies have addressed whether self-management for asthma can be successfully delivered by community pharmacists. Most randomised trials of asthma self-management have recruited participants from secondary care; there is uncertainty regarding its effectiveness in primary care. A ran... | A self-management programme delivered by a community pharmacist can improve asthma control in individuals recruited at a community pharmacy. Further studies should attempt to confirm these findings using larger samples and a wider range of outcome measures. |
14,515,113 | Building a better quality measure: are some patients with 'poor quality' actually getting good care? | {
"contexts": [
"National performance measures monitor the proportion of diabetic patients with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels>/=130 mg/dL, but such simple intermediate outcomes measure poor control, not necessarily poor care. \"Tightly linked\" quality measures define good quality either by a good intermed... | Simple intermediate outcome measures can be an inaccurate reflection of true quality of care, and many patients classified as having substandard quality by "poor control" might actually be receiving good quality of care. |
14,515,115 | Does the ownership of the admitting hospital make a difference? | {
"contexts": [
"Concerns have been expressed about quality of for-profit hospitals and their use of expensive technologies.",
"To determine differences in mortality after admission for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in the use of low- and high-tech services for AMI among for-profit, public, and privat... | Although outcomes did not vary by ownership, for-profit hospitals were more likely to use expensive, high-tech procedures. This pattern appears to be the result of for-profit hospitals' propensity to locate in areas with demand for high-tech care for AMI. |
14,515,383 | Primary gastric Burkitt lymphoma in childhood: associated with Helicobacter pylori? | {
"contexts": [
"This retrospective study was designed to estimate the incidence of primary gastric non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in childhood and the possible association with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).",
"We reviewed and analyzed the charts of 135 patients with NHL that were diagnosed and treated in a si... | Primary gastric NHL in childhood is rare. It was found in fewer than 2% of our NHL patients. The temporal relationship between the H. pylori infection and BL suggest a causative link between these two events. |
14,515,411 | Undetermined deaths: are they suicides? | {
"contexts": [
"The group of undetermined deaths was compared to other death categories with respect to sex, age, marital status, and month of death of the deceased. A total yearly number of 18.508 deaths in Slovenia in 2001 was analyzed.",
"Significantly more men died in fatal traffic accidents and committe... | Underestimation of actual number of suicides could be assumed, given the similarities with the group of undetermined deaths in both seasonality and marital status. As some differences were obtained between the two groups in sex and age, we may conclude that some cases of older women suicides are concealed within the undetermined deaths group. |
14,515,659 | Is the high frequency of Caesarean sections in a highly specialized gyneco-obstetric hospital justifiable? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if the high proportion of cesarean section performed at Obstetrics and Gynecology number 3 Hospital of the Medical Center \"La Raza\", IMSS (HGO3) is justified.",
"We carried out a cross sectional study of 300 patients who underwent cesarean section during a period of 35 consecut... | The incidence of cesarean section in similar third level concentration hospitals in this country ranks from 20 to 40%. At HGO3 it was 72.51% in the last year (2001). This suggests that pregnancy comorbidity seen at this hospital, may be proportionally larger than in other similar units, because two thirds of patients had a high risk pregnancy and, if not, they had an obstetric or fetal justification for cesarean section in 80% of cases. |
14,516,172 | Is adherence to drug treatment correlated with health-related quality of life? | {
"contexts": [
"Adherence to drug treatment and health-related quality of life (HRQL) are two distinct concepts. Generally one would expect a positive relationship between the two.",
"The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between adherence and HRQL.",
"HRQL was measured using the physi... | Correlations between HRQL and adherence were positive but typically weak or negligible in magnitude. |
14,516,286 | Are reciprocal changes a consequence of "ischemia at a distance" or merely a benign electrical phenomenon? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ST segment depression in precordial leads at the time of acute inferior myocardial infarction represents a reciprocal change rather than concurrent anterior wall ischemia on the surface electrocardiography.",
"The mechanism of reciprocal... | Reciprocal ST segment depression during the early phases of inferior infarction is an electrical reflection of primary ST segment elevation in the area of infarction. |
14,517,789 | Is obesity a risk factor for cirrhosis-related death or hospitalization? | {
"contexts": [
"Our aim was to determine whether increased body mass index (BMI) in the general population is associated with cirrhosis-related death or hospitalization.",
"Participants included 11,465 persons aged 25-74 years without evidence of cirrhosis at entry into the study, or during the first 5 years... | Obesity appears to be a risk factor for cirrhosis-related death or hospitalization among persons who consume little or no alcohol. |
14,518,535 | Restoration of locomotion in paraplegics with aid of autologous bypass grafts for direct neurotisation of muscles by upper motor neurons--the future: surgery of the spinal cord? | {
"contexts": [
"Paraplegia means a lifelong sentence of sensory loss, paralysis and dependence. Complete spinal cord lesions cannot heal up to now despite intensive experimental research, remarkable efforts and recent achievements in bio-technology and re-engineering. Traumatic paraplegia due to spinal cord inju... | Further studies in primates and paraplegic patients are necessary to clarify the bypass grafting of the SC to muscle groups distal to the complete SCI to restore locomotion. |
19,054,172 | Night-time frequency, sleep disturbance and general health-related quality of life: is there a relation? | {
"contexts": [
"We conducted a community-based study to determine the relationship among night-time frequency, sleep disturbance and general health-related quality of life (GHQL).",
"A total of 2271 participants, men and women, aged 41-70 and randomly selected in three Japanese towns completed a postal quest... | Night-time frequency appeared to be associated with GHQL mainly by affecting sleep conditions, a symptom that independently influenced some aspects of GHQL. |
19,054,175 | Are voiding symptoms really associated with abnormal urodynamic voiding parameters in women? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the relationship between voiding symptoms and objective measurements of voiding dysfunction.",
"We prospectively collected data from 116 consecutive women attending for urodynamic investigations. Symptoms of voiding dysfunction and objective voiding parameters including uroflowmetr... | Poor steam and strain are weakly predictive of abnormal voiding function. |
19,054,263 | Is it possible to predict the procedural time of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been expected to be a possible curative treatment, especially for node-negative early gastric cancer (EGC). We investigated the influential factors on the procedural time of gastric ESD with a Flex knife for the estimation.",
"In 222 intestinal-type ... | The procedural time of ESD with a Flex knife for EGC can be predicted by tumor size, location, and existence of ulcerative findings. The estimation of procedural time may be very useful to determine the operation schedule. |
19,054,324 | The activation peptide of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor: a role in activity and stability of the enzyme? | {
"contexts": [
"Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a 56-kDa procarboxypeptidase. Proteolytic enzymes activate TAFI into TAFIa, an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, by cleaving off the N-terminal activation peptide (amino acids 1-92), from the enzyme moiety. Activated TAFI is unstable, with a half-lif... | The data presented in this article show that the activation peptide of TAFI is not required for TAFIa activity and that the activation peptide has no effect on the stability of the enzyme. These results are in favour of a model in which the activation peptide solely stabilizes the structure of the proenzyme. After activation of TAFI and subsequent breakage of interactions between the activation peptide and the catalytic domain, the activation peptide is no longer capable of performing this stabilizing task, and the integrity of the catalytic domain is lost rapidly. The resulting TAFIai is more prone to proteolysis and aggregation. |
19,054,457 | Is the action taken by Catalonian primary care doctors adequate in view of the insufficient reduction in blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the attitude to therapy of primary care staff in view of the lack of reduction in blood pressure. To describe the most commonly used antihypertensives.",
"Descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective study during the year 2001.",
"Primary care, Spain.",
"We analysed 990 hyper... | Combined therapy is used in almost half of hypertensive patients, with the most common action being a drug combination. |
19,054,469 | Nothing new under the heavens: MIH in the past? | {
"contexts": [
"Dentitions of 45 sub-adults were examined using standard macroscopic methods and systematically recorded. A total of 557 teeth were examined with a *5 lens and photographed. Ages of the individuals were estimated from their dental crown and root development stages and not from charts that combine... | The extensive lesions seen on many of the molars displayed cuspal enamel hypoplasia (CEH). Many of these teeth also exhibited Molar Incisal Hypomineralisation (MIH). |
19,054,513 | Pancreatic injury in damage control laparotomies: Is pancreatic resection safe during the initial laparotomy? | {
"contexts": [
"While damage control (DC) techniques such as the rapid control of exsanguinating haemorrhage and gastrointestinal contamination have improved survival in severely injured patients, the optimal pancreatic injury management strategy in these critically injured patients requiring DC is uncertain. We... | The presence of shock or major vascular injury dictates the extent of pancreatic operative intervention. While pancreatic resection may be required in selected damage control patients, packing with pancreatic drainage effectively controls both haemorrhage and abdominal contamination in patients with life-threatening physiological parameters and may lead to improved survival. Increased mortality rates in patients who were packed without drainage suggest that packing without drainage is ineffective and should be abandoned. |
19,054,819 | N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in systemic sclerosis: a new cornerstone of cardiovascular assessment? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiac involvement, a common and often fatal complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc), is currently detected by standard echocardiography enhanced by tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE).",
"The performance of the biomarker of cardiovascular disease, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide... | NT-proBNP reliably detected the presence of cardiac involvement and appears to be a very useful marker to risk stratify patients presenting with SSc. |
19,055,628 | Epidemiological surveillance of mycoplasmas belonging to the 'Mycoplasma mycoides' cluster: is DGGE fingerprinting of 16S rRNA genes suitable? | {
"contexts": [
"The analysis by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of the PCR-amplified V3 region of 16S rRNA gene was previously shown to detect and differentiate a large number of human and animal mycoplasmas. In this study, we further assessed the suitability of the technique for epidemiological s... | The DGGE technique is robust and valuable as a first-line test, but the patterns obtained for strains belonging to the 'M. mycoides' cluster were too variable within a taxon and in contrast too conserved between taxa to allow an unequivocal identification of isolates without further analysis. |
19,055,653 | Does leisure time physical activity in early pregnancy protect against pre-eclampsia? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the association between physical activity in early pregnancy and risk of pre-eclampsia.",
"Prospective cohort.",
"Denmark.",
"A total of 85,139 pregnant Danish women, recruited between 1996 and 2002.",
"The authors assessed leisure time physical activity in first trimes... | We were unable to document a protective effect of leisure time physical activity against pre-eclampsia. Our data even suggest that leisure time physical activity exceeding 270 minutes/week in first trimester may increase risk of severe pre-eclampsia. |
19,055,837 | Is TrpM5 a reliable marker for chemosensory cells? | {
"contexts": [
"In the past, ciliated receptor neurons, basal cells, and supporting cells were considered the principal components of the main olfactory epithelium. Several studies reported the presence of microvillous cells but their function is unknown. A recent report showed cells in the main olfactory epithe... | We conclude that TrpM5 is not a reliable marker for chemosensory cells. The TrpM5-positive cells of the olfactory epithelium are microvillous and may be chemoresponsive albeit not part of the sensory apparatus. Activity of these microvillous cells may however influence functionality of local elements of the olfactory system. |
19,056,015 | Do proton-pump inhibitors increase the risk for nosocomial pneumonia in a medical intensive care unit? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of gastric acid-suppressive agents increases the risk of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in a medical intensive care unit population.",
"Retrospective cohort study in a medical intensive care unit of a 554-bed, university-affiliated, academic m... | Prior use of a proton-pump inhibitor did not correlate with a significant increase in the risk of developing NP. This risk was higher with the administration of sedatives or neuromuscular blockers, increased disease severity, and placement of a central venous catheter. |
19,057,112 | A tale of two countries--the United States and Japan: are differences in health due to differences in overweight? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite similar standards of living and health care systems for older persons, there are marked differences in the relative health of the elderly populations in the United States (US) and Japan. We explore the association of overweight and obesity with these health disparities.",
"Data on old... | Despite similar standards of living and health care systems for older persons, the conditions associated with poor health differ in the US and Japan. Being overweight or obese appears to be related to more functioning problems and arthritis in the US than in Japan. |
19,057,171 | Is there a distinct form of developmental dyslexia in children with specific language impairment? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to identify quantitative and qualitative differences between the reading and writing skills of children with developmental dyslexia and those of dyslexic children with a specific language impairment (SLI).",
"It is suggested that although the etiology of developmenta... | This study confirms that there are parallels between dyslexic children with language disorders and their dyslexic peers with intact language skills, at least in terms of their performance on reading and writing tests. |
19,057,322 | Idiopathic subarachnoid hemorrhage and venous drainage: are they related? | {
"contexts": [
"In the past, several possible explanations for idiopathic subarachnoid hemorrhage (ISAH) have been proposed; however, neuroimaging studies have never provided conclusive data about the structural cause of the bleeding. The aim of this study is to determine whether there are anatomic differences i... | In patients with ISAH, deep cerebral venous drainage more commonly drains directly into dural sinuses instead of via the vein of Galen compared with patients with ASAH and patients without intracranial hemorrhage. The way in which this venous configuration might influence bleeding remains unknown. |
19,057,883 | Is the treatment response in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis diminished? | {
"contexts": [
"With increasing age DMARD and TNF-alpha-Inhibitors are less frequently used. The goal of this work was to investigate whether the therapeutic response in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is diminished.",
"In total, 192 patients admitted to hospital because of active RA were pro... | DMARD or TNF-alpha-inhibitors improve disease activity and pain in elderly patients with RA no less than in younger patients. However, in contrast to the younger patients, the older patients profit less in terms of functional impairment. |
19,057,906 | Magnetic toys: forbidden for pediatric patients with certain programmable shunt valves? | {
"contexts": [
"Inadvertent adjustments and malfunctions of programmable valves have been reported in cases in which patients have encountered powerful electromagnetic fields such as those involved in magnetic resonance imaging, but the potential effects of magnetic toys on programmable valves are not well known... | This is the first report describing changes in the pressure setting of some adjustable valves caused by magnetic toys in close contact. Parents, surgeons, neurologists, pediatric oncologists, and paramedics should be informed about the potential dangers of magnetic toys to prevent unwanted changes to pressure settings. |
19,058,005 | Does the expression of cyclin E, pRb, and p21 correlate with prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Cyclin E is a protein that plays a key role in the G1 -->S transition of the normal cell cycle. The product of retinoblastoma gene (pRb) is the master regulator of entry into the cell cycle and p21 protein is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that disturbs the progression through the cell cycle... | The expression of cyclin E could not predict the survival in this series of patients with gastric cancer, whereas the expression of pRb and p21 was associated with a favorable prognosis. |
19,058,006 | Synaptic plasticity: the new explanation of visceral hypersensitivity in rats with Trichinella spiralis infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Synaptic plasticity plays an important role in affecting the intensity of visceral reflex. It may also be involved in the development of visceral hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of synaptic plasticity on visceral hypersensitivity of rats infected by Trichinella... | Synaptic plasticity was observed in SD rats infected by Trichinella spiralis and was associated with visceral sensitivity, which suggests that it may play an important role in the formation of visceral hypersensitivity. |
19,058,069 | A survey of patient advocates within the National Cancer Institute's Prostate Cancer SPORE Program: who are they? | {
"contexts": [
"Interacting with patients, researchers, and administrators, patient advocates have a unique vantage point. Yet, few prior studies have sought to understand these individuals or to seek their opinions on cancer issues.",
"A survey to address the foregoing was developed and mailed to advocates ... | Prostate cancer patient advocates provide a broad range of opinions on the spectrum of cancer care. Similar studies among advocates involved in other malignancies may be worthwhile. |
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