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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Studying Terrace House subtitles. In Episode 1, someone says:\n\nどういう気持ちで見 **てんの** ？\n\n(please correct the following assumptions in case I'm wrong)\n\nI understand どういう to be どう言う or \"What would you say of\" 気持ちで I understand to\nbe like \"your feelings of\" 見て I understand to mean \"seeing\" の is a more\ngentle(feminine sounding) question marker I think.\n\nso literal \"What would you say of your feelings about seeing the show\"\n\nbut I'm uncertain of how ん is being used here grammatically. Is it akin to\nsomething like \"tell me the truth\" or \"be frank about this\".\n\nso literal \"What would you **honestly** say of your feelings about seeing the\nshow?\"\n\nLike 泳げないんです。\"To be honest, I can't swim.\"\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-15T18:54:19.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64909",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-17T01:58:57.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26432",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "Please Explain the Grammer Pattern and use of 見てんの",
"view_count": 126
}
|
[] |
64909
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64913",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the sentence : 日本で作られたもの ですが, ハワイに行ったときに買いました the noun phrase 日本で作られた\ndescribes もの. Why not use 日本の or 日本が in the noun phrase? From my understanding\nIt would still mean that it is 'made in Japan'. Also, why do I have to change\n作る to られる form? Why not use 日本で作るもの?\n\nThank you,\n\nSheena",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-15T19:09:03.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64910",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-15T23:11:25.880",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-15T23:11:25.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31488",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "られる noun phrase",
"view_count": 115
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, just be aware that \"made in Japan\" (日本で作られた) does not necessarily imply\n\"Japanese\"/\"of Japan\" (日本の); and vice versa. My _< product from American\ncompany>_ could be made in Japan, but I wouldn't consider it a Japanese\nproduct. Likewise, I could own set of souvenir Japanese swords, but they could\nbe made in Mexico.\n\nAnyway, on to your question. Barring any nuances I mentioned above, it would\nbe perfectly fine to substitute 日本の and get the same overall meaning. 「日本がもの」\nis ungrammatical and doesn't make sense. A better choice might be 「日本製のもの」 if\nyou want to avoid using a verb.\n\nAs for whether to use 作る vs. 作られる, I feel like that is mostly a stylistic\nchoice. 日本で作る・作ったもの is more like \"a thing they make/made in Japan\", although\nsince the topic is omitted in the example, it could imply that it is something\nthat **_you_** made in Japan, but then bought in Hawai'i (which then doesn't\nmake sense). So I think the use of 作られた is the safer choice; to emphasize that\nit was _made_ in Japan, but that we don't care about _who_ the makers are at\nall.\n\nMy ￥2...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-15T20:50:37.473",
"id": "64913",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-15T20:50:37.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "64910",
"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "It's the difference in English between \"Japanese\" and \"made in Japan\". \n日本の = \"Japanese\"\n\n日本からの = \"from Japan\"\n\n日本で作る = \"is made in Japan\" (sort of)\n\n日本で作られた = \"was made in Japan\"\n\netc\n\nThey're all pretty similar, but just like you can change a few words in\nEnglish to pinpoint the exact meaning, they're doing the same thing in\nJapanese here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-15T21:42:35.940",
"id": "64915",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-15T21:42:35.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4382",
"parent_id": "64910",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
64910
|
64913
|
64913
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64931",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There's a sentence in the introduction to 日本語文法ハンドブック (a book written for\nteachers of beginner Japanese grammar):\n\n> 寺村先生[an esteemed Japanese teacher the author of this book models himself\n> after]は海外技術者研修協会における草創期の日本語教育に全面的に協力され、同協会の日本語教科書編纂にも大きく貢献されましたが、私[the\n> author of this book]は海外技術者研修協会との縁により、また、若き日の寺村先生の講筵に列した者として本書の監修にあたった次第です。\n\nMy questions are:\n\n 1. The passive voice used for 寺村先生's work doesn't seem to make sense. Is this a case of substituting the active voice for passive as a matter of politeness?\n\n 2. What is 講筵's exact definition? It doesn't appear in any dictionary, although several possible meanings are inferred (\"mat a teacher would sit on and lecture from\")\n\n 3. What is the exact translation of ~た次第です here? The closest definition I can find is \"reason\" or \"course of events\", similar (I would think) to ~た理由です or ~たわけです. Is ~た次第です an acceptable substitute for these constructions?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-15T21:33:37.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64914",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-31T03:42:26.083",
"last_edit_date": "2022-07-31T03:42:26.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "4382",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "~た次第です, passive speech as active, etc. in this sentence",
"view_count": 524
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes to ①; see [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36179/is-this-sentence-\ncorrect-courtesy-honorific-use-of-the-passive/36224#36224) and its answer, for\nexample.\n\n② can be found in a dictionary, as the comment above by snailboat points out.\n\nHere I'll focus on ③: this 次第{しだい}です has the connotation of _circumstances_.\nIt is a humble/polite form used at the end of an explanation or clarification\nto an audience of superior(s). Often used in a professional/work setting. For\nexample:\n\n> 今日は電車が事故により遅れ、このように出社が遅れた次第です。申し訳ありません。\n>\n> \"(The circumstances are that) I arrived here at work this late today as a\n> result of my train being delayed due to an accident. Please accept my\n> apologies.\"\n\n(Example taken from [here](https://docoic.com/456).)\n\n* * *\n\nNote though that there also exists a completely different (more common)\nsentence-ending `{X}次第` meaning `It is up to {X}`. For example:\n\n> そのお金をどう使うかは君次第だよ。 \"How to spend that money is up to you.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T07:20:44.580",
"id": "64931",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-16T07:20:44.580",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5176",
"parent_id": "64914",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
64914
|
64931
|
64931
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 1) ごはんを食べて、ねました。 \n> 2) あさおきて、新聞を読みました。\n\nI was wondering, if the part [食べて] and [おきて] are also past tense, because of\n[~ました]. So the correct translation would be [I went to bed, after I ate.] or\nis it [I went to bed, after eating.]?\n\nSomehow I can't find similar question to this. Anyway, thank you very much in\nadvance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-15T21:44:07.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64916",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T01:57:53.763",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-15T23:05:15.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32440",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Grammar: te + verb + shimashita",
"view_count": 364
}
|
[
{
"body": "The -te construction is used here to describe one event happening after\nanother. More exact translations might be \"I ate dinner, then went to bed\" or\n\"I woke up, then read the paper.\"\n\nIf you wanted to write \"I went to bed after I ate\", you might use \"食べた後で寝ました\"\nor similar.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-15T21:50:05.703",
"id": "64917",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-15T21:50:05.703",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4382",
"parent_id": "64916",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Technically speaking, the ～て verbs are not in a \"tense\": the て ending is a\nconjunctive or connective form, basically meaning that the action of the verb\nhappens, and then the next thing happens. The て ending itself suggests that\nthe action of the verb **completes** (technically a kind of [grammatical\naspect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect)), but it doesn't\ntell us anything about **when** the action takes place (what\n[tense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense) tells us) -- it could\nbe in the past, right now, or in the future.\n\nRead through the Wikipedia links above, those will help you get a better\nhandle on aspect and tense. Then, if you still have questions, please either\nupdate your question here, or post a new question.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-15T01:57:53.763",
"id": "65502",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T01:57:53.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "64916",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
64916
| null |
64917
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lkELE.png)\n\nI've decided to read manga in japanese again, I left it for a couple of years\nso now I'm out of practice and in need of help. It must be a really simple one\nbut still I want to understand without feeling ashamed for ask.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-15T22:16:16.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64918",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-15T22:29:25.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32579",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"word-requests",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "I can't identify this kanji ( kanji 当ても)",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "The kanji is 額{ひたい} (forehead), and the word is\n[額当て](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E9%A1%8D%E5%BD%93%E3%81%A6), read ひたいあて. It's a\nforehead protector made of a metal plate worn on a cloth band.\n\nYou should be able to find it in your dictionary under the 頁 radical, or with\na multi-radical search feature like Janusz mentions above in his comment. If I\nhad to look it up, I would most likely use handwriting lookup. However you\nwant to do it, you'll most likely need to look up lots of characters in the\nfuture, so you should familiarize yourself with kanji dictionaries and get\nused to looking them up quickly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-15T22:29:25.120",
"id": "64919",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-15T22:29:25.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "64918",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
64918
| null |
64919
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「いかがですミズ＝マッキェネン。 \n> 素晴らしい人材とは思いませんか？ \n> この少年は訓練を受けているわけではない。 \n> 戦術の心得もない。\n\nI'm stumped as to what the もない ending means in the last sentence (research\nsays it could be a negative emphasis on 心得) so I'm not entirely sure how to\ntranslate that ending part of the sentence.\n\nBelow is what I've got for the first three lines, in which a character is\ntalking to McCunnen about a man lying on the floor in front of them.\n\n> How about this Ms. McCunnen. \n> Do you not think he has a magnificent talent? \n> It is not the case that that this young man has received training.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T00:17:00.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64920",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-17T07:38:27.830",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-17T04:22:13.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "26406",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What does 心得もない mean in the following centext?",
"view_count": 176
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「いかがですミズ=マッキェネン。 \n> 素晴らしい人材とは思いませんか？ \n> この少年は訓練を受けているわけでは **ない** 。 \n> 戦術の心得 **もない** 。」\n\nThe も means \"either\".\n\n「～～ない。～～ **も** ない。」= \"~~ not ~~. ~~ not ~~, **either**.\"\n\nThe ～ている in 「訓練を受けている」 means \"have done~~\" (indicating a resultant state or\nexperience), and not \"is doing~~\" (progressive action). For this usage of ている,\nsee: \n[When is Vている the continuation of action and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/9831)\n\n素晴らしい人材と思う literally means \"consider him (to be) a highly talented person\". (≂\n(彼が)素晴らしい人材 **だ** と思う \"think that he is a highly talented person\".)\n\n> \"What do you think, Ms. McCunnen? \n> Don't you think he is a magnificent talented person? \n> It is not that this boy has received training. \n> Nor does he have any knowledge of tactics.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-17T01:24:42.307",
"id": "64940",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-17T07:38:27.830",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-17T07:38:27.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "64920",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
64920
| null |
64940
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64930",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 神々は何度も何度も何度も, 気が遠くなるほどサイコロを振りました.\n\nHaving hard time fully understanding this sentence. Especially this part\n「気が遠くなるほど」, or how it affects 「気が遠くなる」. My translation would be something\nalong the lines of \"Over and over and over again, the gods are astounded as\nthey role the dice.\"\n\nI would really appreciate it, if someone could break the sentence down a\nlittle bit and explain the grammar part, that I might have missed.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T00:33:16.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64921",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-17T13:52:50.780",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-17T13:52:50.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "5464",
"owner_user_id": "32440",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What does 気が遠くなるほど mean?",
"view_count": 445
}
|
[
{
"body": "For the usage of this ほど, see: [About ...ほど\nconstructions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/52300/5010)\n\nJisho.org treats 気が遠くなる [as if it had two\nmeanings](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%B0%97%E3%81%8C%E9%81%A0%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B),\nbut there is actually only one base meaning for this idiom, \"to have the\nfeeling of faintness/blackout\", \"to almost faint\", \"to be half-unconscious\",\netc. As you know, this can happen both when you are very sleepy/bored and when\nyou are very shocked. In this case, it's the former; Gods rolled a dice for\ncountless times to the point where it's difficult to keep consciousness or\nsanity.\n\nCompare the idiom with 気を失う which is \"to be (completely) unconscious\", \"to\n(fully) faint\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T05:57:41.040",
"id": "64929",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-16T05:57:41.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64921",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> 気が遠くなるほどサイコロを振りました\n\nThe construction is explained in this answer: \"[About ...ほど\nconstructions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/52300/7810)\" that it\nliterally means \"they rolled the dice to the degree that you (almost) feel\nfaint\".\n\nActually, 気が遠くなる is a very common metaphor in Japanese that depicts how\noverwhelming the scale/number is (imagine that you count sheep over and over,\nand you will soon fall unconscious). Here the referent is a number, so you can\njust translate it like:\n\n> They rolled the dice for countless times.\n\ncf.\n\n> 気が遠くなるほど長い時間 _a nearly-eternal time_ \n> 気が遠くなるほど低い確率 _an incredibly low probability_ \n> 気が遠くなる事業 _a gargantuan project_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T06:09:06.173",
"id": "64930",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-16T06:21:39.533",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-16T06:21:39.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "64921",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
64921
|
64930
|
64929
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64925",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "最近「むしろあなたに英語を教えてもらいたいくらいだ」という文を見かけたのですけど、英訳の「I'd rather you teach me\nEnglish」を言ってみたとしたら、私なら「くらいだ」なしで、「むしろあなたに英語を教えてもらいたい」とかになるでしょうから、「くらいだ」の働きや必要性に悩んでいるのです。この「くらい」は、最低限を表すものと同じなのですか。何か軽蔑を表しているわけですか。\n\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T01:43:23.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64922",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-16T16:23:02.617",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-16T16:23:02.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words",
"particle-くらい"
],
"title": "どうして「〜たいくらいだ」には「くらい」が出るのですか",
"view_count": 422
}
|
[
{
"body": "「くらい」には色々な意味があり、あるものの程度が非常に小さいことを表すことも、非常に大きいことを表すこともできます。\n\n 1. おおよそ同じ程度・approximately：「1年くらい前」「サッカーボールくらいのサイズ」\n 2. たったこれだけの程度・only：「それくらいのことで泣くな」「話を聞くくらいなら簡単だ」\n 3. こんなに大きな程度・this much・to the point：「驚くくらいに美しい」「1万円もするくらいだからおいしいはずだ」\n\nあなたの例の場合は3番目に該当します。つまり、この「くらい」には、「聞き手の英語の **能力がとても高いので** 」という気持ちが入っています。\n\n> むしろあなたに英語を教えてもらいたい **くらい** だ。 \n> (Your English is **so** good **that** ) I'd rather have you teach me\n> English. \n> (Your English is good **to the point where** ) I'd rather have you teach me\n> English.\n\nこの文は、事前に「あなたの英語は上手ですよ」のような文脈がある場合のみ成立します。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T02:52:00.527",
"id": "64925",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-16T03:28:52.443",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-16T03:28:52.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64922",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
64922
|
64925
|
64925
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64926",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "First time asking a question here. I was curious if there is any relevant\ndistinction between these two words that mean receipt: 領収書 and 受領書.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T01:45:45.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64923",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-16T03:31:14.843",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-16T03:31:14.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "30981",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"definitions"
],
"title": "Any differences between 領収書 and 受領書?",
"view_count": 405
}
|
[
{
"body": "受領書 is letter of acceptance of **any items**. 領収書 only of **money**.\n\nI suppose most times when you issue what is named \"receipt\" is about money. In\nthese cases, Japanese conventionally prefers the narrower term, 領収書.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T03:03:40.430",
"id": "64926",
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"parent_id": "64923",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
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64923
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64926
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64926
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I work in a hotel and I was asking a coworker if we are permitted to drink the\ncoffee in a certain location near the desk. I am trying to be formal with this\nrequest.\n\nI asked \"Are we allowed to take that coffee?\"\n\nIn romanji \"Sore Koohii o teru kyoka sa retamasu ka\"\n\n1) Am I allowed to combine verbs like this? Under what circumstance can I do\nthis?\n\n2) In order to be polite is it ok to add the masu to the last verb or do I\nhave to add it to Teru as well?\n\n3) How would I make this sentence casual?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T02:34:43.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64924",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T07:00:49.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"formality",
"casual"
],
"title": "Combining multiple verbs",
"view_count": 165
}
|
[] |
64924
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am referring Minna no Nihongo 2, Chapter 31 Mondai section.\n\nThe sentence pair is:\n\n> Q:夏休みに国へかえりますか。 \n> A:いいえ、クリスマスまで帰らないつもりです。\n\nIt would be great if you can tell me why the answer is 帰らないつもりです instead of\n帰るつもりです? Thank you very much!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T04:32:58.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64927",
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"owner_user_id": "30783",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"formal-nouns"
],
"title": "Using まで together with a negative connotation 帰らないつもりです in a sentence",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 帰らないつもりです - I do not have the intention of returning.\n * 帰るつもりです - I have the intention of returning.\n\nThe conversation goes:\n\n> Q: Are you going to return home for the summer holidays?\n>\n> A: No, I don't plan to return until Christmas. (hence the use of negative)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T04:46:57.830",
"id": "64928",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "1805",
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"score": 3
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64927
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64928
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64936",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm writing an essay about the North Korean abductions of Japanese citizens.\nIn English literature I found that the concepts \"abduction\" and \"kidnapping\"\nare used interchangeably. I'm not familiar with Japanese language, but some\nlanguages have clear distinctions between words where other languages have\nnot. I wondered if the Japanese translations of the words can be used\ninterchangeably and if not, what the distinctions are. Do they have different\nconnotations?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T14:40:27.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64935",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-16T17:26:03.673",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-16T16:04:56.637",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "32586",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Is there any clear distinction in Japanese for the words 拉致 and 誘拐?",
"view_count": 188
}
|
[
{
"body": "[This Japanese WP entry](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%98%E6%8B%90) has\na very clear summary:\n\n>\n> 日本の法律用語としての「誘拐」とは、欺く行為や誘惑を手段として、他人の身柄を自己の実力的支配内に移すことを言う。暴行脅迫を用いた連れ去りを「誘拐」と呼ぶのは本来誤りだが（あらゆる国語辞典で「誘拐」に強制的なニュアンスは見られない）、マスコミにおいては、意思に反して無理矢理連れ去ること（拉致）に関しても「誘拐」という言葉が用いられ、日常用語でもそのような傾向が見られる。\n>\n> 誘拐, as a Japanese legal term, indicates the act of placing a person under\n> one's effective control by way of deceit or temptation. While it is not\n> accurate to use 誘拐 referring to the act of taking away by brute force or\n> intimidation (no Japanese dictionary describes 誘拐 with forcible\n> connotation), mass media is prone to use 誘拐 even when someone is forcibly\n> taken away against their will (拉致), so are people in casual parlance.\n\n拉致 is, of course, not limited to the North Korean conduct, but I think many\npeople today would associate it with that matter as if it were the capitalized\n\"Abduction\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T17:17:51.333",
"id": "64936",
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"parent_id": "64935",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
64935
|
64936
|
64936
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64953",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For the full text see\n[here](http://bmbuf.web.fc2.com/lib/hosip/ai_no_kagi.pdf). The fourth line\nfrom the bottom of the linked text is:\n\n> イヤリングをつけ終わると、 **無意識のうちに** 、ドアの耳に口をよせた。 \n> When he'd finished attaching the earring he _unconsciously_ put his mouth\n> to the door's ear.\n\nI don't understand 無意識のうちに. I assume it means \"unconsciously\". But isn't 無意識 a\nna-adjective that means unconscious? Why can't I just use 無意識に?\n\nI would have read 無意識のうちに literally as \"while unconscious\", but I'm quite\ncertain that is the wrong interpretation.\n\nWhat is going on here?\n\n**Edit** : Thanks for the comments so far, but they are missing the point. I\nbelieve that subconsciously, unconsciously and unawaredly (if that's a word)\nall have similar meaning. I'm not confused about the person being able to do\nsomething while his brain is shut down. The main focus of my question is on\nwhy のうちに is used instead of just に and whether this is a grammar point that\napplies more generally.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T18:05:17.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64937",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T03:17:06.023",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-17T08:27:09.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Using のうちに to construct an adverb",
"view_count": 237
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I don't understand 無意識のうちに. I assume it means \"unconsciously\". But isn't 無意識\n> a na-adjective that means unconscious? Why can't I just use 無意識に?\n\nYou're right, 無意識のうちに means \"unconsciously\". In your example, it can be\nrephrased as 無意識に without changing the meaning.\n\nAs explained in [this\nthread](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28747/9831), the うち indicates 状況\n(situation) in which an action or event takes place. According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> うち【内】 \n> ⑩㋔ 《「…のうちに」の形で》ある状況下で行われる意を表す。…[裡]{り}に。 \n> 「大会は成功のうちに終わる」「暗黙のうちに了解する」\n\nプログレッシブ和英辞典 gives a few more examples:\n\n> うち【内】 \n> ➏〔ある状態の中〕 \n> 会は成功のうちに終わった \n> The meeting ended successfully. \n> 拍手[喝采]{かっさい}のうちに舞台を去った \n> He left the stage amid loud applause. \n> 苦悩のうちに生涯を閉じた \n> He died in great mental anguish. / He died with his mental suffering\n> unrelieved.\n\nSo.. to answer to your question \"...whether this is a grammar point that\napplies more generally\", I'd say yes. Some more examples I can think of right\nnow...\n\n「平和のうちに解決する」 \n「無言のうちにその場を後にする」 \n「極秘のうちに進めてくれ。」 \n「大盛況のうちに幕を閉じました。」 \n「失意のうちに・・・」「混乱のうちに・・・」 etc...\n\n(Some examples can be rephrased using に or で, as in 平和に解決する, 無言でその場を後にする,\n極秘に進めてくれ, etc. I think using ～のうちに sounds a bit more formal/literary.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-18T04:53:35.313",
"id": "64953",
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"score": 3
}
] |
64937
|
64953
|
64953
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64941",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was thinking the other day that one of the differences between みたい and そう\n(meaning \"it seems\") is that the first can be bound to a sentence in the past\nwhile the second forces the verb of the sentence to be always in the ます stem.\nI think that difference allows みたい to create sentences like \"昨日、雨が降ったみたいでした\"\nmeaning \"yesterday it seemed like it had rained\" (I don't know if the sentence\nor translation is right). Is that right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-16T21:42:00.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64939",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-08T17:05:41.123",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-08T17:05:41.123",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32588",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "Can みたい refer to a clause in the past?",
"view_count": 269
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes you can use みたい after the past tense of a verb, but the copula after みたい\ndoes not have to be in the past tense.\n\n> 昨日、雨が降ったみたいです。 \n> (Looking at the ground) It seems like it rained yesterday.\n>\n> 昨日、雨が降ったみたいでした。 \n> (Recalling the appearance of the ground I saw this morning) It seemed like\n> it had rained yesterday.\n>\n> 雨が降りそうです。 \n> (Looking at the sky) It seems like it's going to rain.\n>\n> 雨が降りそうでした。 \n> (Recalling the appearance of the sky I saw this morning) It seemed like it\n> was going to to rain.\n\nNote the difference of the time of your judgement (\"seems\" vs \"seemed\").",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-17T04:28:37.757",
"id": "64941",
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64939
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64941
|
64941
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64951",
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"body": "I know both 尽くす and きれる mean to do something fully/completely eg(these are my\nown examples)\n\n> 色々やり尽くす。(I have tried all the methods or I have exhausted all the methods.)\n\ngenerally I have heard of\n\n> 食べきれない。(cannot complete the food...)\n\nWhat I want to know is when do we use 尽くす and きれる.\n\nHow do I know if I can say やり尽くす or やりきれる?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-17T11:48:30.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64943",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-17T19:25:48.097",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-17T15:13:56.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "3512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Difference between 尽くす and きれる",
"view_count": 201
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's an explanation by feeling rather than logic, but **V+きる** strikes me as\nif pushing a progress bar until the end, while **V+つくす** marking off all items\nin a list one by one. People use ～きる when you achieved 100% of an assumed\nentirety of work needed to call it completed, and ～つくす, when you leave none of\never imaginable targets.\n\nThat's why ～きる is typically associated with a goal, or \"the point you don't\nhave to continue\" (especially in potential form ～きれる), and ～つくす against\navailable resource, or \"the point you have no means to continue\". In another\naspect, ～きる usually focuses on a single item or event, where ～つくす has multiple\nitems in mind.\n\nThey sometimes have a complex interaction with the verb's meaning (besides\nmany non-transparent idioms e.g. 乗り切る, 張り切る etc.) that I can't really make a\nsweeping summary, but hope you grasp a feel from examples below:\n\n> やりきる (do a single thing to the end) \n> やりつくす (do every possible thing; try every possible way)\n>\n> 食べきる (eat until 0% left / to do) ≈ 食べつくす (eat until nothing remains)\n>\n> ○ 疲れきる (so tired that HP down to 0) \n> × 疲れつくす (it's difficult to assume some kind of \"fatigue\" list)\n>\n> 一本の木を使いきる (use a piece of lumber completely) \n> 一本の木を使いつくす (make full use (every possible application) of a piece of\n> lumber)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-17T19:25:48.097",
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] |
64943
|
64951
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64951
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64948",
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"body": "この[リンク](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/30517/)にある「ちょっと〇〇するだけのつもりが、つい〇〇してしまった」の「つもりが」は実際は「つもりだが」の意味になっていると思えるんですけど、これは例外なのですか。それともどんな名詞の後ろにでも「だが」ではなく単に「が」が来られるということですか。\n\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-17T13:38:16.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64945",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-18T08:26:15.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"copula"
],
"title": "「だが」は単なる「が」に言い換えることができますか",
"view_count": 1326
}
|
[
{
"body": "探してもこの用法に関する解説がなかなか見つかりませんので私も今一つ確信が持てませんが、 \nこの「が」は、逆説の接続助詞の「が」ではなく、主語を表す格助詞の「が」の用法の一つだと思っています。 \nそのため、名詞（体言）の後ろに来るのは当たり前といえます。\n\n似たような表現に、\n\n「鍵を閉めたはずが、実は開いていた」 \n「前は小さかったのが、いつの間にか大きくなっている」 \n「遊びのつもりが、つい本気になってしまった」\n\nなどがあります。\n\n要するに、「XがYになった」「Xが実はYだった」などの表現の延長みたいなものかと思います。 \nこの場合Xに当たるのは「ちょっと〇〇するだけのつもり」で、 \nYに当たるのは「つい〇〇してしまうこと」になりますが、 \n最後の「～ことになった」を省略したことで今の形になったのではないでしょうか。\n\n確かに逆説の接続詞・接続助詞のほうの「が」と意味は似ていますが、 \nニュアンスが微妙に違うように思います。 \nもしかしたら接続詞・接続助詞の「が」はもともと、このような用法から生まれたのでしょうか？ \nちょっと気になります。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-17T15:53:21.863",
"id": "64947",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-18T00:35:34.183",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-18T00:35:34.183",
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"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "64945",
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"score": 6
},
{
"body": "「つもりが」の「が」は「私が」の「が」と同じ名詞につく格助詞であり、「きれいだが」のように動詞・形容詞につく接続助詞ではありません。なので「つもりが」は「つもりだが」とは違う意味を表します。\n\n違うとは言っても、用法的には似たような意味になります（そもそもこの二つの「が」は語源的に関係しているので）。この意味の「～が」は、事前に想定していた内容を表す名詞句\n(noun phrase) をとり、「X と思っていたのに（結果は／実際は）\nY」と同様の意味を表します。そのため、形式名詞「つもり」「はず」を含め、予期、期待を表す言葉と一緒に使われやすい言い方です。\n\n> 今日は休む予定が、急な仕事が入ってしまった。 \n> 大切にしまっておいたはずが、いつのまにかなくなっていた。 \n> できないと思っていたのが、案外あっさり解決した。\n\n英語に訳すと単なる \"but\" ではなく、\"but ended up\" とか \"but in reality\" まで含んだ意味合いです。\n\n**追記:** 英語でも、例えば\n\n> I've had a lot of worries in my life, most of **which** never happened.\n> (pronoun) \n> A really tip-top man, **with** all his wrongheadedness. (preposition)\n\nのように、（しばしば構造は逆ですが）接続詞でないものを逆接の意味がこもった説明のために使うことがあると思います。このように、文法上の役割とは別に、機能として特定の気持ちを伝える言い回しと似たようなものだと考えるといいかもしれません。\n\n* * *\n\nリンク先の回答では「〜だけするつもりだった **の**\nが」と言い換えている人がいますが、これは「つもりだった」にさらにこの「が」をつけようとした時の表現です。あくまで「が」の前は名詞になります。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-17T16:20:03.393",
"id": "64948",
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"parent_id": "64945",
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"score": 6
}
] |
64945
|
64948
|
64947
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64952",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: the manager of a boxing gym is arguing with a strong but problematic\nboy (問題児, he is arrogant and often violently beats other trainees) named\nKamishiro and his trainer-sister that train in the gym. It is not clear (at\nleast to me) if he doesn't want them in his gym anymore, but he says that his\ngym won't support them in their next match:\n\n> じゃ今夜の試合は神奈ジム【オレら】の支援抜きでな \n> キミ達２人で勝手にしたまえ \n> これ以上はつき合いきれんよ\n\nIn the end, the manager and other guys from the gym show up in the locker room\nthe night of the match, but Kamishiro doesn't look happy to see them:\n\n> Manager: おちょくるのも大概にしろよ…… 神代オオ\n>\n> Kamishiro: **有難** メーワクな支援 拒否るのにどこがおちょくってるって？\n\nI understand that the boy is rejecting their support, but what exactly 有難\nmeans here? Why is it used without い or く ending? I think the missing ending\nshould be く, so my translation attempt is:\n\n> I am **thankfully** rejecting your annoying support, in which way am I\n> making fun of you?\n\nIs it correct? [Here you can see the\npage](https://i.stack.imgur.com/INtk7.jpg) where they first argue and [here\nthe page](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9iYG9.jpg) with the sentence in question.\nThank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-17T18:30:02.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64949",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"words",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Meaning of 有難 with missing ending",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is part of a set phrase, 有難【ありがた】迷惑【めいわく】. I suspect the shift in\nspelling from kanji to kana might have tripped you up. The base meaning is\nsomething that seems welcome on the surface (the 有難【ありがた】 portion), but is\nactually a bother (the 迷惑【めいわく】 portion).\n\nRelevant entries at:\n\n * [Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%9C%89%E9%9B%A3%E8%BF%B7%E6%83%91)\n * [Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9C%89%E9%9B%A3%E8%BF%B7%E6%83%91-428217)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-17T23:58:03.413",
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64949
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64952
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64952
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{
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"body": "I have been trying to translate some English sentences into Japanese. I have\nbeen asking people on OKWAVE to translate these sentences. I am happy to say\nthat the results have been mostly satisfactory. But there have been some\ninstances where the answers seem to be translated into English the same way,\nbut it seems dramatically different in Japanese. My question is intended to\nexplore these instances.\n\nHere is an example:\n\n> Foreign workers do not want to work in that kind of environment.\n>\n> Japanese translation 1: 外国人労働者はその様な環境下で働くことを望みません。\n>\n> Japanese translation 2: 外国人労働者はその様な環境下で働きたくありません。\n\nLike I said, both Japanese sentences seem to translate to the same thing in\nEnglish, but they seem dramatically different.\n\nThis leads me to my question. What is the difference between ~たい and ~ことを望む?",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ~たい and ~ことを望む?",
"view_count": 737
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[
{
"body": "As jarmanso7 suggested, I shall split my original into what is now four\nseparate answers.\n\nThe following is Answer #1:\n\n> 「～たいです」を使うことができるのは、主語が「私」や「私たち」のときのみです。\n>\n> 例：私はトイレに行きたいです。〇\n>\n> あなたはトイレに行きたいです。✖\n>\n> 彼女はトイレに行きたいです。✖\n>\n> 私たちは野球を観戦したいです。〇\n>\n> あなた方は野球を観戦したいです。✖\n>\n> 外国人労働者は野球を観戦したいです。✖\n>\n> 「～ことを望みます」は、主語が「私」、「彼／彼女」、「私達」、「彼ら／彼女ら」、どれらの場合でも使用可能です。\n>\n> 例：私はトイレに行くことを望みます。〇\n>\n> あなたはトイレに行くことを望みます。✖\n>\n> 彼はトイレに行くことを望みます。〇\n>\n> 私たちは野球を観戦することを望みます。〇\n>\n> あなた方は野球を観戦することを望みます。✖\n>\n> 外国人労働者は野球を観戦することを望みます。〇\n>\n> 「～ことを望んでいます」であれば、主語が「私」、「あなた」、「彼／彼女」、「私達」、「あなた方」、「彼ら／彼女ら」、どれらの場合でも使用可能です。\n>\n> 例：私はトイレに行くことを望んでいます。〇\n>\n> 彼はトイレに行くことを望んでいます。〇\n>\n> あなたはトイレにいくことを望んでいます。〇\n>\n> 私たちは野球を観戦することを望んでいます。〇\n>\n> 外国人労働者は野球を観戦することを望んでいます。〇\n>\n> あなた方は野球を観戦することを望んでいます。〇\n\nMy translation of the above is as follows:\n\nBeing able to use “～たいです” is only when the subject is “私” or “私たち”.\n\nEg. 私はトイレに行きたいです。[Eng. I want to go to the bathroom] ✓\n\nあなたはトイレに行きたいです。[Eng. You want to go to the bathroom] ✗\n\n彼女はトイレに行きたいです。[Eng. She wants to go to the bathroom] ✗\n\n私たちは野球を観戦したいです。[Eng. We want to watch a baseball game] ✓\n\nあなた方は野球を観戦したいです。[Eng. You guys want to watch a baseball game] ✗\n\n外国人労働者は野球を観戦したいです。[Eng. Foreign workers want to watch a baseball game] ✗\n\n“～ことを望みます” can be used in any case where the subject is “私”, “彼／彼女”, “私達”, or\n“彼ら／彼女ら”.\n\nEg. 私はトイレに行くことを望みます。[Eng. I want to go to the bathroom] ✓\n\nあなたはトイレに行くことを望みます。[Eng. You want to go to the bathroom] ✗\n\n彼はトイレに行くことを望みます。[Eng. He wants to go to the bathroom] ✓\n\n私たちは野球を観戦することを望みます。[Eng. We want to watch a baseball game] ✓\n\nあなた方は野球を観戦することを望みます。[Eng. You guys want to watch a baseball game] ✗\n\n外国人労働者は野球を観戦することを望みます。[Eng. Foreign workers want to watch a baseball game] ✓\n\nIf it is “～ことを望んでいます”, it can be used in any case where the subject is “私”,\n“あなた”, “彼／彼女”, “私達”, “あなた方” or “彼ら／彼女ら”.\n\nEg. 私はトイレに行くことを望んでいます。[Eng. I want to go to the bathroom] ✓\n\n彼はトイレに行くことを望んでいます。[Eng. He wants to go to the bathroom] ✓\n\nあなたはトイレにいくことを望んでいます。[Eng. You want to go to the bathroom] ✓\n\n私たちは野球を観戦することを望んでいます。[Eng. We want to watch a baseball game] ✓\n\n外国人労働者は野球を観戦することを望んでいます。[Eng. Foreign workers want to watch a baseball game] ✓\n\nあなた方は野球を観戦することを望んでいます。[Eng. You guys want to watch a baseball game] ✓\n\nI tried to be careful in translating this answer into English, but there is a\nchance that I have gotten it wrong. If you are bilingual in Japanese and\nEnglish, please do not hesitate to point out mistakes, so that I may correct\nthem.\n\nHere is the original link:\n[https://okwave.jp/qa/q9579170.html?by=datetime&order=ASC#a_area](https://okwave.jp/qa/q9579170.html?by=datetime&order=ASC#a_area)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-25T19:45:14.207",
"id": "72739",
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"body": "The following is Answer #2:\n\n> 英語の文章: Foreign workers want to work in that kind of environment.\n> を「外国人労働者はその様な環境下で働きたいです」と訳したとする日本文に違和感を覚えます。\n>\n> 理由は「たい」は誰でもは使えず、「私」のような一人称の場合か、自分で言えない人の代弁者として「この子おしっこしたいんです」という場合だと思います。\n>\n> 後の場合でも「ん」を入れて、第三者として「外」から見た状況から判断して、「～なの（あるいは「ん」）です」と弁明する場合に使うと思います。\n>\n> ですから「～はその様な環境下で働きたいです」は話し手が外国人労働者の代弁者である時に限られ、それでも「～働きたいのです」とのを入れる方が自然です。\n>\n> したがって、自然な訳はただ一つですから「「～たい」と「～ことを望む」の違いは何ですか？」 というご質問は不要になります。\n\nMy translation of the above is as follows:\n\nI feel discomfort with the Japanese sentence which I assume you translated the\nEnglish sentence “Foreign workers want to work in that kind of environment,”\ninto “外国人労働者はその様な環境下で働きたいです”.\n\nI think that the reason is that “たい” cannot be used by everybody, and that it\nis cases in the first-person such as “私” or cases where you say\n“この子おしっこしたいんです” [Eng. The reason is this child wants to pee] as a spokesperson\nfor people who cannot speak for themselves.\n\nI think that you insert “ん” even in the latter case, and use it in cases where\nyou judge from a situation that you saw from “the outside” as a third party,\nand explain it with “～なの(or “ん”)です”.\n\nTherefore, “～はその様な環境下で働きたいです” is restricted to times when the speaker is a\nspokesperson for foreign workers, and even then, it is more natural to insert\n“の” into “～働きたいのです”.\n\nConsequently, since there is only one natural translation, your question “What\nis the difference between ‘～たい’ and ‘～ことを望む’?” becomes unnecessary.\n\nI tried to be careful in translating this answer into English, but there is a\nchance that I have gotten it wrong. If you are bilingual in Japanese and\nEnglish, please do not hesitate to point out mistakes, so that I may correct\nthem.\n\nHere is the original link:\n[https://okwave.jp/qa/q9579170.html?by=datetime&order=ASC#a_area](https://okwave.jp/qa/q9579170.html?by=datetime&order=ASC#a_area)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-25T19:50:22.617",
"id": "72740",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"body": "The following is Answer #3:\n\n> 「～たい」は「自分の希望を示す」時に用いる表現です。\n> 他者に用いる時は「他者の状態を言い表す」事なので「～たい」を使う場合は「～たいと思う（≒望む）」となります。\n>\n> 「want」を直訳すると「希望する」となります。 「希望する」が「望む」という簡単な表現に言い替えらてれます。\n>\n> 「want」には表現の対象となる人称の使い分けは有りませんが、 「～たい」を用いる場合には他の単語を加えたり微妙な使い分けが生じます。\n>\n> 「want」は人称を選ばない単語なので、 日本語に直訳する時には、人称で区別しない「望む」のほうが無難な翻訳となります。\n>\n> …「want」≒「望む」＞「～たい」\n>\n> 和訳1…当事者の状態を「説明」してると解釈されます。\n>\n> 和訳2…当事者の望みを「代弁」してると解釈されます。\n\nMy translation of the above is as follows:\n\n“～たい” is an expression that you use when “you show your own desires”. When you\nuse it for other people, in the case where you use “～たい” because it is the act\nof “verbalizing other people's situations”, it will become “～たいと思う(≈望む)”.\n\nIf you translate “want” literally, it will become “希望する”. “希望する” is reworded\nas a simple expression called “望む”.\n\nThere is no proper use of the person that is subject to the expression for\n“want”, but in cases where you use “～たい”, you will add other words and subtle\nproper uses will result from it.\n\nBecause “want” is a word that does not choose the person, when you literally\ntranslate it into Japanese, it will result in the more acceptable translation\nof “望む” which does not distinguish between persons.\n\n...“want” ≈ “望む” > “～たい”\n\nJapanese translation 1...It will be interpreted as “explaining” the situation\nof the party concerned.\n\nJapanese translation 2...It will be interpreted as “speaking for” the desires\nof the party concerned.\n\nI tried to be careful in translating this answer into English, but there is a\nchance that I have gotten it wrong. If you are bilingual in Japanese and\nEnglish, please do not hesitate to point out mistakes, so that I may correct\nthem.\n\nHere is the original link:\n[https://okwave.jp/qa/q9579170.html?by=datetime&order=ASC#a_area](https://okwave.jp/qa/q9579170.html?by=datetime&order=ASC#a_area)",
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"creation_date": "2019-10-25T19:53:34.080",
"id": "72741",
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"body": "The following is Answer #4:\n\n> 和訳2:外国人労働者はその様な環境下で働きたいです。\n>\n> これはやはり日本語としては不自然な表現と言わざるを得ませんが、機械翻訳では仕方がないでしょう。\n>\n>\n> 英語カテでご説明しましたように、「希望します」は文語的表現、または\"formal\"な表現であるということになります。これに対して「～たいと思います」や「～たいです」は口語的表現または\"informal\"な表現ということになります。\n>\n> 翻訳では必ず「口語訳」か「文語訳」のどちらかを選ぶことになります。両方混ぜてしまうと「使いものにならない訳文」ということになります。\n\nMy translation of the above is as follows:\n\n“和訳2:外国人労働者はその様な環境下で働きたいです。” I cannot help but say that this is also an\nunnatural expression for Japanese, but there probably is no help for machine\ntranslation.\n\nAs I explained in the English Language Cat., It follows that “希望します” is a\nliterary expression or “formal” expression. In contrast to this, it follows\nthat “～たいと思います” or “～たいです” are colloquial expressions or “informal”\nexpressions.\n\nFor translation, you will inevitably end up choosing either a “colloquial\ntranslation” or a “literary translation”. If you happen to mix the two, it\nfollows that they will be “useless translated sentences”.\n\nI tried to be careful in translating this answer into English, but there is a\nchance that I have gotten it wrong. If you are bilingual in Japanese and\nEnglish, please do not hesitate to point out mistakes, so that I may correct\nthem.\n\nHere is the original link:\n[https://okwave.jp/qa/q9579170.html?by=datetime&order=ASC#a_area](https://okwave.jp/qa/q9579170.html?by=datetime&order=ASC#a_area)",
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"creation_date": "2019-10-25T19:56:29.897",
"id": "72742",
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64950
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72739
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{
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"body": "So I have these two line in the book i'm reading, and i'm having a problem\nunderstanding the second one:\n\n(And for the context, the main character is endlessly walking though a dark\nand silent ruin, where he can only hear his own footsteps)\n\n> ふいに、声が響いた。\n>\n> **その声に** 足を止めた瞬間、終わりを見失っていた永遠が唐突に幕を引かれる。\n\nWhat confuses me the most here is **その声に** , what is the に particle\nmodifying/interacting with here?\n\nMy best guess is that it is the indirect object for 引かれる... but there's a\ncomma after 瞬間, is that saying that that に can't work in the next clause? that\nit should be working just for the first one?\n\nSo my attempt in translating this line is:\n\n1 - **\" For that voice, in the moment his feet stopped, (something?) puts an\nend to the eternity that was losing sight of the end.\"**\n\nor\n\n2 - **The moment his feet stopped, that voice puts and end to the eternity\nthat was losing sight of the end.**\n\nI am guessing this \"eternity\" is his endless walk through these ruins.\n\nps: I'm sorry that it sounds too literal, a lot of those words are new to me\nso I got their meanings mostly from Jisho.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-01-18T06:49:24.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "What's the function of に here?",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "This に just qualifies the next phrase, 足を止めた. The usage falls under the\nfollowing definition in [the\ndictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/166083/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> **７** 動作・作用の原因・理由・きっかけとなるものを示す。…のために。…によって。「あまりのうれしさに泣き出す」「退職金をもとでに商売を始める」\n\nBut speaking more specifically, it belongs to a certain use case where the\nthing before に is a stimulus that triggers the subject's (often spontaneous)\nreaction.\n\n> 悲惨な光景に言葉を失う _be struck speechless by a disastrous scene_ \n> 人の優しさに涙する _be moved to tears by the warmth of people_ \n> 飛行機の轟音に耳をふさぐ _stop one's ears against the roar of airplane_\n\nSo, in this context:\n\n> その声に足を止めた瞬間 \n> _At the moment when the voice made him(?) stop walking, ..._",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2019-01-18T12:17:54.847",
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64954
|
64956
|
64956
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64957",
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"body": "I am trying to write an ambiguous/evasive sentence. The sentence is:\n\n> [PERSON A]，もしかして，あの人は一緒に，というのは，[PERSON B]ー\n\nTo the effect of \"Person A, is it possible, that you and _that person_ , that\nis to say, Person B-\"\n\nAm I using this correctly or is there another, more suitable word to use? I\nwant to keep the comedic disjunction of the sentence without sacrificing the\nmeaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-01-18T11:23:22.297",
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"id": "64955",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "32606",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "Using というのは in [PERSON A]，もしかして，あの人は一緒に，というのは，[PERSON B]",
"view_count": 112
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|
[
{
"body": "Personally, I think the first part is enough if you want to create some\nambiguity. So you can say :\n\n * [PERSON A]、 もしかして、 [PERSON B]と一緒に...\n\nThis sentence is enough to be evasive. Also, you can replace もしかして by まさか if\nyou want the sentence to have a stronger suggestion of the meaning (I feel\nlike, in this case, まさか is better).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-18T13:36:28.657",
"id": "64957",
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"owner_user_id": "31846",
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64955
|
64957
|
64957
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64960",
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"body": "I looked at the dictionary definitions of 中国人, 華人, 漢人, and 唐人, and it appears\nthat all of them mean \"Chinese person\".\n\nQuestions:\n\n 1. What is the difference between them?\n 2. Why are there so many ways of saying \"Chinese person\"?\n 3. What is the most common way of referring to a Chinese person (including persons of Chinese ancestry, not just from China)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-18T13:44:30.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64958",
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"owner_user_id": "32610",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"chinese"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 中国人, 華人, 漢人, and 唐人?",
"view_count": 509
}
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[
{
"body": "It's like this:\n\n 1. **中国人** : \"a person with Chinese nationality\"\n 2. **漢人** : \n 1. \"a person from the [Han](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_dynasty) dynasty\"\n 2. \"a person of [Han (Chinese) ethnicity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Chinese)\"\n 3. **華人** : \"a person of ethnically Han ancestry living outside of China\"\n 4. **唐人** : \n 1. \"a person from the [Tang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty) dynasty\"\n 2. \"a Seric; a Cathayan\"\n\nThe word 中国人 (#1) is by far the most common word corresponds to English\n_Chinese_ , that is what most lay people naively imagine about the word (which\ntechnically tends to be #2-2).\n\nAbout #2-1 and #4-1, I don't explain here because they are obviously\nhistorical terms.\n\nFor #2-2, it's good to know that both PRC and Taiwan are multiethnic\ncountries, just >90% of whose population is made up by people who identify\nthemselves as 漢族 \"Han ethnicity\", or _Chinese_ in a narrow sense. But as you\nmay suspect, this is merely an academic term in Japan that only experts would\nknow.\n\nOn top of this, #3 is, in short, overseas Chinese (#2-2) people, or Chinese-\nhyphen-somewhere people (a.k.a. 華僑【かきょう】).\n\nAnd for #4-2, did you know [those English\nwords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_China)? They are older names for\nChinese, in other words, you aren't going to use it until you write a\nhistorical novel in Japanese.\n\n* * *\n\nSo, basically what you have to memorize is only 中国人, and for those who have\nChinese ancestry but not from China, you should use 華人/華僑 (individual) or 中国系\n(group or property). For instance, _a Chinese-American_ is described as\n中国系アメリカ人 or 中国系米国人 in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-18T14:48:20.733",
"id": "64960",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65000",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "湿らす and 潤す. Both of them have the same meaning? what's the difference between\nthem?\n\nThanks, Or",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-18T17:37:31.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64961",
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"owner_user_id": "11679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "difference of 湿らす vs 潤す",
"view_count": 192
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 湿らす (or its intransitive counterpart 湿る) is a matter-of-fact verb that means \"to make/become (mildly) wet\".\n * 濡らす (or its intransitive counterpart 濡れる) is \"to make/become (hardly/drippingly) wet\".\n * 潤す (or its intransitive counterpart 潤う) is used with a narrower range of objects that are considered \"unhealthy\" when dry, e.g., skin, lip, throat, meat, earth. In other words, 潤す means supplying water to something and putting it into a healthy moist status. The kanji 潤 has a clearly positive connotations (see: [潤い](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%BD%A4%E3%81%84)). 潤す even means \"to (financially) enrich\", \"to (psychologically) comfort\", etc., too.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-20T15:56:11.340",
"id": "65000",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"parent_id": "64961",
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"score": 3
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64975",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How does ように in this sentence work?\n\n> 忘れた物を取りに帰るように\n\nAs far as I understand, ように goes after 帰る make the sentence means \" I take\nwhat is lost in order to go back \" but It would make more sense if it is \" I\ngo back to take what is lost\" and why it is 取りに but not 取ってから. I'm so\nconfused.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-18T17:57:31.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64962",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-21T06:29:57.623",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-18T21:35:23.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "32514",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Understanding ように",
"view_count": 414
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you're getting a few different things confused in this sentence.\n\nFirstly, 取りに帰る is utilising a grammatical structure where \"に\" is used to\nindicate purpose. When you want to say you're going to do something in order\nto do something else, you use this form e.g えいがを見に行く (go to see a movie).\nTherefore, essentially, 取りに帰る means \"return to take\". \nThis site provides a very easy explanation on how to form this grammar and\nit's meaning: <http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-particle-ni-purpose/>.\n\nSecondly, although ように is often used in the sense of \"in order to\", in this\nsituation as it's at the end of the sentence I believe it's being used in the\nsense of making a wish or expressing hope. Here is an example of a similar\nquestion that was answered by a native speaker: \"[ending sentences with\nように](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13486/ending-sentences-\nwith-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB)\".\n\n**EDIT: ように can also be used in the sense of making a command or request (as\nexplained to me in the comments by user Chocolate). It's probably more likely\nthat this is the case in this situation. Please see their links for\ninformation.**\n\nThirdly, 取ってから would mean [\"after\ntaking\"](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-japanese-grammar-\nflashcard-18/) which would give the sentence a different meaning. I.e the\nspeaker wishes they could take the thing they forgot AND AFTER THAT go back,\nrather than wishing to go back IN ORDER TO take the thing they forgot.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T10:41:39.203",
"id": "64975",
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"last_editor_user_id": "32621",
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"parent_id": "64962",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
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64975
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64975
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am not sure when ではありません and 〜くない are used. I was given the sentence\nこの赤いかばんは大きいではありません (as in \"this red bag is not big\") and I am not sure why\nこの赤いかばんは大きくないです was not used. Could anyone explain? Thanks!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-18T21:28:49.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64964",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T11:20:31.150",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-19T10:31:16.357",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "32614",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ではありません and 〜くない",
"view_count": 1021
}
|
[
{
"body": "> この赤いかばんは大きいではありません\n\nAre you sure this is the sentence you saw and that it came from a reputable\nsource?\n\nThe sentence does **not** mean \"This red bag is not big\". As you correctly\npointed out, the correct way to say that would be この赤いかばんは大きくありません or\nこの赤いかばんは大きくないです etc.\n\nYou cannot negate an i-adjective by adding ではありません, ではない、じゃない etc, after the\nadjective.\n\nThis sentence has the opposite meaning of \"This red bag is big, isn't it?\",\nbut expressed rather formally. [This\nlink](http://maggiesensei.com/2013/02/13/how-to-\nuse-%E3%80%9C%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-janai%E3%80%80%EF%BC%86%E3%80%80%E3%80%9C%E3%82%93%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-njanai/)\nmay be helpful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T11:20:31.150",
"id": "64976",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T11:20:31.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"score": 1
}
] |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm continuing my quest to translate an episode of Terrace House for study\npurposes..\n\nNaturally I have questions.. This question in particular is in regards to a\nphrase I got stuck on the tail-end of.\n\nJapanese Subtitle:\n\n> 印象に残ってるメンバー **とかいた** ？\n\nMy Vocabulary Break-Down:\n\n印象 - impression\n\n残る - to remain, to be left\n\nメンバー - house members\n\nとかいた - ???\n\nMy literal translation attempt:\n\n> your impression that you've been left with of the house members (???) was?\n\nI'm trying to understand what とかいた is doing here...\n\nHere are my best guesses...\n\n * とか is being used on it's own like a conjunction \"or/and\", and いた is short form for いました. If this is the case how does this grammatically work? Something like \"Your impression you were left with of the members **and it** was?\" Not sure how とか would function in this scenario.\n * と is being used as a particle \"with the members\", and then かいた is a past tense verb. (hard to determine what verb this would be without kanji).\n * とかいた is some sort of completely different word on it's own that I'm unaware of yet.\n * Or maybe this is a completely different grammar pattern I haven't learned yet.\n\nPlease help me understand this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-18T23:10:09.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64965",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-19T00:28:46.687",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-19T00:28:46.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "26432",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "How is とかいた being used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 274
}
|
[
{
"body": "とか (and so on, etc.) and いた(existed, was) are correct in this scenario.\n\n**Original**\n\n> 印象に残ってるメンバーとかいた？\n\n**Polite**\n\n> あなたの印象に残っているメンバーなどは、いましたか？(polite)\n\n**English**\n\n> Did anyone leave an impression on you?\n\nStudents or young people use とか in conversations when they are seeking some\ntopic to continue talking about, like:「見たい映画 **とか** ある？」\n\nThey talk about not only movies. If I reply「あのアニメ見たい」 or 「映画館よりカフェに行こう」, we\nwill change topics.\n\nとか is often used in talking to extend the range of topics.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T00:31:11.000",
"id": "64966",
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"owner_user_id": "32616",
"parent_id": "64965",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
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| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This may be an easy question for the all of you.\n\nI saw somewhere a form of ある which was written as あるな and had the same\nmeaning. I've only heard the form あります and that's it.\n\nWhat does あるな then mean?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T09:55:58.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64974",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T11:24:02.507",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-19T11:11:03.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "32620",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Understanding ある",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "Most likely, あるな is simply ある (plain form of あります) with the [sentence ending\nparticle な](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/advanced-sentence-\nending-particles/#1), which wouldn't noticeably change the meaning in most\ncases. あるな isn't any type of form (to my knowledge).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T11:24:02.507",
"id": "64977",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T11:24:02.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32621",
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}
] |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64986",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have learned recently that ように can be used for advice, command, ask and so\non. Is there a difference between て言ってた and ように言われた? For example:\n\n> 私はママにTVを消すように言われた。\n>\n> ママは私にTVを消しなさいって言ってた。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T14:35:24.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "11679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between て言ってた vs ように言われた?",
"view_count": 572
}
|
[
{
"body": "The first sentence litteraly means 'I have been told by Mama to switch off the\nTV'. It is a passive form, that's why いう (to say, to tell) becomes いわれる (to be\ntold).\n\nThe second sentence litteraly means 'Mama told me to switch off the TV'. Here\nthe sentence is active and the って is the quotation particle (note that one\nusually prefers と instead of って in a formal context).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T19:21:49.820",
"id": "64985",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T19:21:49.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "15759",
"parent_id": "64978",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Passive or active voice and indirect or direct quote. \nThe first sentence translates to\n\n> I was told by my mother to turn the TV off.\n\nThe second one to\n\n> Mother told me: Turn the TV off.\n\nと or って follows a direct quote.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T19:44:25.457",
"id": "64986",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T19:44:25.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30652",
"parent_id": "64978",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64981",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I watched the animated version of Erased on Netflix and now there is a live\naction version. I noticed in both a phrase being used but I can’t work out\nwhat it is.\n\n<https://www.netflix.com/title/80173711>\n\nIf you go to 20:30 in episode 2.\n\nSatoru is talking to his teacher. Before he leaves he says “ありがとう先生...” and\nthen something that sounds like “shitake” or something.\n\nThey also say it among friends as a sort of goodbye or see you later.\n\nBut I can’t find what they’re actually saying.\n\nAdding some subtitles...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/y9ZdX.jpg)\n\nI’m still not sure what he’s saying looking at the subtitles. But could\nsomeone please help me (I’m still learning and not very good with kanji). And\nthat katakana has me even more confused.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T15:54:56.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64980",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T17:00:27.230",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-19T16:38:50.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "31975",
"owner_user_id": "31975",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "What does he say to his teacher?",
"view_count": 258
}
|
[
{
"body": "したっけ is Hokkaido dialect for goodbye.\n\n<https://jisho.org/search/shitakke>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T17:00:27.230",
"id": "64981",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T17:00:27.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20479",
"parent_id": "64980",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
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] |
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64981
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64995",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **そんな絵に描いたように満ち足りた** ダーズリー家にも、たった一つ秘密があった。 \n> In the Dursley family, _who were the very picture of contentment_ , there\n> was just one secret.\n\nMy translation of そんな絵に描いたように満ち足りた is purely a guess based on Jisho's\ndefinition of 絵に描いたように as \"The very picture of...\".\n\nI can't understand how this phrase is used. Literally, I would translate\nそんな絵に描いたように満ち足りた as \"Contented as though they had painted on such a picture\".\nSo I can kind of see how it works, but what is そんな needed for?\n\nCould you give some other examples using this phrase so I can get a better\nfeel for how it works?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T18:25:35.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64982",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-20T18:30:49.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Understanding 絵に描いたように",
"view_count": 238
}
|
[
{
"body": "そんな modifies ダーズリー家, so it means \"Such a family, the Dursley family, who were\nthe very picture of contentment, also had just one secret.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-20T07:04:00.487",
"id": "64995",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-20T18:30:49.377",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-20T18:30:49.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "64982",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
64982
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64995
|
64995
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64984",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I always thought that with construcions I like/I hate I should use noun +が +\nadjective +です, for example: ねこがすきです。 But lately I have heard in some japanese\npodcast above sentence with that のは construction. What does that mean? Is it\nthe same as が or implies some other stuff?\n\nPs. I know that の changes verb into verbal noun, such as in the sentence:\nテレビをみるのがすき. There is also that のが / のは but my question is all about のは used\nwith adjective.\n\nThank you very much for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T18:26:08.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64983",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T19:10:04.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32624",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "さむいのはきらい vs さむいがきらい",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "さむいのはきらい is grammatical. But さむいがきらい is not.\n\nYou understand how のは/が is used with verbs, but it is used in the same way\nwith i-adjectives and na-adjectives. The subject marker particle が must follow\na noun or noun phrase. So さむいが is ungrammatical just like みるが is\nungrammatical, and the problem is fixed in the same way, by nominalising the\npredicate.\n\nAs an aside, you can also change many i-adjectives into nouns by changing the\nfinal い to さ. This would turn cold into coldness. Then you could say さむさがきらい.\n\nAnother aside: I said that さむいがきらい is ungrammatical, but that is assuming that\nが is the subject particle. If が were the conjuctive particle, meaning 'but',\nthen this would be perfectly grammatical and could mean something like \"It's\ncold but I hate it.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T19:04:33.257",
"id": "64984",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "64983",
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"score": 3
}
] |
64983
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64984
|
64984
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65022",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This question might sound stupid but it got me thinking for some hours. A\nfriend bought me this gel pen from a Japanese store in my country, and it is\nwritten in the pen:\n\n> かわいいデス\n\ninstead of かわいいです _kawaii desu_.\n\nI do not understand why です is in katakana. I mean, katakana is used for non-\nJapanese words, as far as I was taught when I was going to Japanese classes.\n\nSo I do not understand... Probably it is just because they wanted to do it\nthat way! In that case, sorry for bothering!\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/N9wy1.png)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T21:04:00.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64987",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-25T17:22:53.337",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-19T21:17:21.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "19538",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"katakana",
"orthography",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Why using です in katakana?",
"view_count": 1897
}
|
[
{
"body": "The final part of a Japanese sentence is sometimes rendered in katakana for\nvarious reasons. Examples include:\n\n> * ごめんネ\n> * ひどいヨー\n> * 分かってマス！\n> * 美味しいデス\n> * 大丈夫かナ?\n>\n\nIn fiction, this typically happens with people who were raised abroad (e.g.,\n[金剛](https://kancolle.fandom.com/wiki/Kongou) and\n[九条カレン](http://kinmosa.wikia.com/wiki/Karen_Kujo)) or who have a bit eccentric\npersonality (e.g., [野田恵](http://nodamecantabile.wikia.com/wiki/Noda_Megumi)).\nIn particular, using です/デス everywhere ignoring ordinary grammar is recognized\nas one of the cute \"[character-specific sentence-endings\n(キャラ語尾)](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E8%AA%9E%E5%B0%BE)\"; users of this type of\nです speak like おはようです, やめろです or がんばるです. So, to be as specific as possible, I\nthink the emphasis on デス in your example is for adding a bit of cute and/or\nexotic flavor to the otherwise uninteresting sentence.\n\nThere are a few _real_ native Japanese speakers who use katakana like this in\na casual online chat and such, believing it's interesting, cute, or whatever.\nIt's a matter of personal taste, but it may feel like someone who is trying to\nmake themselves look young.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T06:21:50.377",
"id": "65022",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-22T09:08:29.200",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-22T09:08:29.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64987",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
64987
|
65022
|
65022
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64989",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "During one of Yui's concerts I heard her say,\n\n> ありがとうございました。Yuiでした。\n\n<https://clyp.it/0lsklv1i>\n\nWhat does it mean here?\n\nI only know りんごでした = it **was** an apple. \nSo it doesn't make sense for her to be saying I **was** Yui.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T21:48:42.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64988",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-20T02:00:02.513",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-20T02:00:02.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32626",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "What does (name) でした mean?",
"view_count": 112
}
|
[
{
"body": "It wouldn't be odd if, in English, a singer ended a concert with 'Thank you\nall so much for attending. This **has been** Yui, and I'll see you again next\ntime,' would it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T21:56:56.933",
"id": "64989",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T21:56:56.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "64988",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
64988
|
64989
|
64989
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64996",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "As someone with little to no knowledge on japanese, I've cracked my brain as\nto unfurl this passage's meaning.\n\nHere's the full sentence:\n\n> 夢は「デカいヤマをあてること」\n\n夢は roughly being \"What's your dream?\" or something along the lines of \"Your\ndream:\".\n\nI come to realize that こと usually eliminates ambiguity, but that's as far as\nmy knowledge reaches.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T22:47:19.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64991",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-20T15:44:22.177",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-20T15:44:22.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "32629",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "what does「デカいヤマをあてること」mean?",
"view_count": 167
}
|
[
{
"body": "I wished to help -- since I had a similar question a month ago -- but my\nJapanese is rusty.\n\nThis is a rough translation: _A dream: \"To move mountains.\"_ possibly in a\nsense of \"accomplishing big feats\".\n\nヤマ is katakana of 山 which means _mountain_. I don't usually see 山 in its\nkatakana form, oddly enough.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-19T23:41:22.000",
"id": "64992",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-19T23:41:22.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32630",
"parent_id": "64991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "Here's the breakdown:\n\n * **夢** : \"dream\"\n * **は** : topic marker\n * **「** : Japanese opening quotation mark\n * **デカい** : \"big\", \"huge\"\n * **ヤマをあてる** : set phrase meaning \"to make a killing\", \"to grab a chance\", etc\n * **こと** : \"-ing\", nominalizer (turns a verb into a noun)\n * **」** : Japanese closing quotation mark\n\nSo the sentence means \"My/His/Her dream is grabbing a big chance (and become\nrich).\" Since the sentence lacks a personal pronoun that corresponds to\n_my/your/etc_ , you have to determine whose dream the sentence is talking\nabout from the context. If there is no further context at all (e.g., it's\nprinted on a T-shirt), it should mean \" _My_ dream is...\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-20T08:42:59.533",
"id": "64996",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-20T08:42:59.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
64991
|
64996
|
64996
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I know that when an i-adjective like 速い becomes an adverb to modify a verb\nyou have to change the い to く, like 速く走る (to run quickly).\n\nI'm having trouble understanding the grammar in 強くありたい. I know it means 'I\nwant to be strong' but shouldn't 強く modify ありたい like the example above? I want\nto be/to exist/to live _strongly_ instead of wanting to posses the\ncharacteristic of being a _strong_ person.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-20T02:58:53.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64993",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-08T02:17:53.957",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-08T02:17:53.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "28060",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "i-adjective modifying ある (eg 強くありたい)",
"view_count": 461
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese i-adjectives (速い, 強い...) are inherently predicates, so in theory they\ndon't need another verb \"to be\" to support. Here, the extra ある is a kind of\nrhetorical reflection of the _will_ to be (in a state), or consciously keep\nbeing.\n\nIt can be used in the same way with na-adjectives and nouns in the form ～である.\nOf course, である can be also just an expanded form of ～だ, so the form is less\nexclusive than i-adjectives (whose conjugations, like 速かった is contraction of\n速くあった too, but it never expands anymore).\n\n> 強くあろうとする _strive to be strong/tough_ \n> 生涯気高くあった _remained dignified throughout one's life_ \n> 80歳になっても健康でありたい _want to stay healthy at the age of 80_ \n> 良き教育者であれ _Be a good educator!_\n\nThis is a relatively literary, solemn expression. Also, the difference with\n～くなる/～になる is that なる implies you are currently not in the state (80歳になる means\nyou aren't now), which is not the case with ～くある/～である (健康でありたい doesn't mean\nyou aren't now).\n\n**PS**\n\n[adjective]くある also appear when you attach a focusing particle to an\ni-adjective.\n\n> 薄く **は** あるが、持ち運ぶには重すぎる \n> = 確かに薄いが、… / 薄いことは薄いが、… \n> _It's slim to be sure, but too heavy to carry around._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-20T06:31:12.293",
"id": "64994",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-20T06:31:12.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "64993",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
64993
| null |
64994
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64999",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Character A and B (A's coach) discuss C (A's opponent), who is known for\nhaving an amazing defense. Then C joins in and positively talks with B about\nA's potential. Then C drops this line:\n\n> とにかくどこでボクと当たるかわからないけどナイスファイトをきたいしているヨ!\n\nMy translation attempt is stuck on the following options for the first half:\n\n * \"At any rate, I don't know if I'm right (that you/A could defeat me)\"; in which case \"どこでボクと\" has no translation.\n * \"At any rate, I don't know if you/A is on par with me\"; in which case \"どこで\" has no translation.\n * \"At any rate, I don't know if you/A can strike me anywhere\"; which I would go for if the translation variation for \"当たる\" and the particles didn't throw me off and if I didn't worry I might be trying to squish in a translation for every word where that is not applicable.\n\nSo, some feedback would be lovely.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-20T10:13:07.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64997",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-20T15:31:09.467",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-20T13:32:28.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "32522",
"owner_user_id": "32522",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Use of 当たる in this sentence",
"view_count": 224
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 当たる corresponds to the following definition from 明鏡国語辞典 2nd ed.:\n\n> ### 当たる\n>\n> 競技者が、競技の組み合わせに従って対戦する。「順調に勝ち進めば準決勝でA校と━」「一回戦から優勝候補同士が━」\n\nIn English it's perhaps \"will face ～\", \"will take on ～\", \"to be arranged to\nplay with ～\", etc.\n\nLet's not ignore どこ, which is \"where (in the tournament/league)\". He said どこ\ninstead of いつ because he had the list/chart/bracket of matches in his mind.\nTherefore:\n\n> どこでボクと当たるかわからないけど \n> I don't know when your match with me will be, but... \n> I don't know when we're supposed to fight, but...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-20T15:31:09.467",
"id": "64999",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-20T15:31:09.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64997",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
64997
|
64999
|
64999
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65004",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: before a boxing match begins, a boxer named Kamishiro says this\nreferring to his opponent:\n\n> 勘だけど あの **カックン** 野郎… 刺せるヤツだ\n\nWhat is the meaning of カックン? The opponent was a thug in the past and he his\nobsessed with precisely cut hair, but none of these details seems to be\nrelevant. The only similar expression I could find is\n[膝カックン](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%86%9D%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%B3),\nbut I don't think it could fit the context.\n\n[Here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nwdDd.jpg) you can see the page before and\nthe page with the sentence in question. Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-21T04:46:17.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65003",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T21:44:42.503",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-23T21:44:42.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"katakana",
"manga",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of カックン in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 260
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think this カックン means 角刈り{かくがり}(crew cut). The thug's hair is 角刈り. The\nspeaker said カックン野郎 as a funny way of saying 角刈り野郎.\n\nThis is 角刈り.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ziaVd.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-21T07:15:29.690",
"id": "65004",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-21T11:32:23.150",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-21T11:32:23.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "65003",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65003
|
65004
|
65004
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**tl;dr** : Should `へ` be replaced with `に` here?\n\nI was reading [Imabi](https://www.imabi.net/) and found the following example:\n\n> 小屋は山へ面している。\n\nAs far as I know, `へ` is used with motion verbs especially when transition\nfrom one (current) location to the destination (marked by `へ`) occurs:\n\n> A particle that indicates the direction toward which some directional\n> movement or action proceeds. ( _A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar_ )\n\nWhy do the author of Imabi use this particle in this particular situation if\nthe word `[面]{めん}する` means _to front/to face smth_?\n\nI know another particle that can be translated as \"towards\" — `を`, but\naccording to Imabi it requires an _action_ verb, what (in my opinion) the\n`[面]{めん}する` is not.\n\nAnother particle which can mark direction is `に`, which can replace `へ` in\nmost cases. `に` can also mark indirect objects, so I believe it is the best\ncandidate to replace `へ`.\n\n**FYI** : This example is Ex. 18 in [第36課:\n～ている](https://www.imabi.net/teiru.htm)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-21T08:01:21.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65005",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-22T02:59:25.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32644",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"particle-に",
"particle-を",
"particle-へ"
],
"title": "The particle へ in 山へ面している",
"view_count": 190
}
|
[
{
"body": "[BCCWJ](https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/) has **1100**\ninstances of `に面し`/`に面す` but **no** instances of `へ面し`/`へ面す`, so you should\nalways use に. That said, we can still find some examples of ～へ面していて on Google,\nand I personally feel they are not awfully bad. Meaning-wise, I see no\ndifference.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T02:59:25.607",
"id": "65019",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-22T02:59:25.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65005",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65005
| null |
65019
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "There are several Japanese verbs for 'to wear', depending on the kind of\nclothes. What if one wears several? What is 'wear' if 'I wear a shirt, pants,\nglasses and a hat'? Does one of かぶる, 着る, 履く and かける trump the others? or is\nthe choice based on a specific item (probably the last one) in the list?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-21T12:58:34.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65006",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-21T12:58:34.870",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How to wear clothes?",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[] |
65006
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65012",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I've reached a spoken language topic and encountered difficulties with\nunderstanding those particles that are used in spoken language. Particularly\nwith の. My book says that, for example, の combined with よ (部屋の中には暖かい **のよ** )\nmeans that a person is completely sure about their statement. I don't really\nunderstand the purpose of の itself in this case but I guess I just have to\nremember this so it's not really a problem, even though I'd like to know の's\nfunction here.\n\nIn an interrogative question the function of の is crystal clear so it's not a\nproblem, I guess.\n\nThe problem is in understanding its meaning/function in the following\nsentence:\n\n> とても気持ちがいいの。（とても気持ちがいいのです。）\n\nThe book says that の is just a short form of のです but gives zero explanations\non this one, that's why I'm asking you for help. I'd like to know its function\nand semantic purpose, and, if possible, I'd like you to give me literal\ntranslation of the sentence.\n\nThank you.\n\nP.S. I apologize for creating this topic, because it already might exist here\nbut I couldn't find any info about my specific situation (maybe my English is\njust a bit limited to understand some of the answers).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-21T15:28:19.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65009",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-22T18:12:59.297",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-22T18:12:59.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "32464",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-の",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "の and のです. What’s their semantic purpose and meaning?",
"view_count": 241
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, …のよ is not a standard form, which is のだよ or のですよ, but a kind of slang\nfor feminine speech or slightly vulgar manish speech.\n\nのだ form represents your judgement/conjecture or explanation for what an\ninstance on topic means or what lies behind it. For example, given a situation\nwhere the road is wet, you could say 雨が降ったのだ.\n\nよ represents that there's a gap between the speaker and the listener in terms\nof recognition. (That doesn't mean the listener simply doesn't know the\ninformation.) However, it doesn't guarantee certainty of the speaker's\nrecognition. In practice, implication of gap functions variously as prompting\nthe listener to take proper actions or seeking the listener's understanding to\nfill the gap. After that, if you add よ to 電話してね: \"Be sure to give me a call\",\ni.e. 電話してよね, it implies that you are not trusting the listener.\n\n> My book says that, for example, の combined with よ (部屋の中 ~~に~~ は暖かいのよ) means\n> that a person is completely sure about their statement\n\nSo, that's not true. For one thing, you can imagine a preceding question \"why\ndon't they need heavy coats?\".",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-21T20:11:09.320",
"id": "65012",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-21T20:18:03.513",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-21T20:18:03.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "65009",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65009
|
65012
|
65012
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65015",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following sentence:\n\n4000万円までは借金を膨らませて働かせ、5000万円になると自殺するのでそれ以上の借金はさせない\n\nHow 働かせ is understood in this context? It looks like an imperative form of\n働かす, but the imperative form over here doesn't make any sense here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-21T20:05:13.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65011",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-22T09:59:42.860",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-22T09:59:42.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22126",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Understanding of 働かせ in the sentence below",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "働かせ can be either the continuative form of 働かせる or the imperative form of 働かす.\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%83%8D%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9B) \nThe 働かせ in your example is the former. You can rephrase the sentence as\n「4000万円までは借金を膨らませて働かせ **て** 、5000万円になると～～」.\n\nFor more about using 連用形 as a conjunction, you could refer to:\n\n * [Is there a term for using conjugating verbs such that the sentence continues with another clause?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9771/9831)\n * [Masu stem to connect sentences](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41133/9831)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-21T23:48:47.703",
"id": "65015",
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"parent_id": "65011",
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"score": 4
}
] |
65011
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65015
|
65015
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65018",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was trying to say something similar to \"even if you tell me to not look, I\nwill look\", so my initial guess was something along those lines:\n\n「見ないで」と言っても見る。\n\nI was under the impression that Xて-form + も would yield something like \"even\nif you x, ...\"\n\nHowever searching for 言っても on weblio. So the question is, would 言っても have the\nmeaning \"even if you say X, ...\", if not what would would be the idiomatic way\nto say it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-21T21:27:39.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65013",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32656",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Using 言う and ても to mean \"even if you say\"",
"view_count": 268
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「見ないで」と言っても見る。\n\nThis looks already perfect to me, and it does mean \"Even if you tell me not to\nlook, ...\". The subject of each verb can be safely inferred as long as you say\nthis in the right context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T02:44:29.993",
"id": "65018",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-22T02:44:29.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65013",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65013
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65018
|
65018
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65035",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Sorry if that question is too specific. I don't know if I'm allowed to ask it.\n\nI don't know how to say that part: use a different database from Jisho.org's?\n\nI tried to write like this:\n\n> その辞書がjisho.orgのと別データベースを使いますか。\n\nIs there something wrong?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-21T23:49:46.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65016",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T05:49:32.810",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-21T23:56:09.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32588",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How can I write things like \"Does this dictionary use a different database from Jisho.org's?\"",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "* Use は instead of が. It may seem to be a simple mistake, but it makes the sentence look very unnatural.\n * Use 使っていますか instead of 使いますか for the same reason [why you have to say 知っている, 結婚している](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36928/5010), etc.\n * It's better to say \"jisho.org(の)と別 **の** データベース\" than \"jisho.orgのと別データベース\". (The first の after jisho.org is optional; for example 彼と別の犬を飼う does not mean the speaker is thinking 彼 is a dog.)\n\nCorrected sentence:\n\n> その辞書 **は** jisho.orgと別 **の** データベースを使 **ってい** ますか。\n\nPS: General translation checks are basically off-topic. Next time please try\nto make a question and title that focuses on one specific grammar point, word\nusage, etc. (Because that is the rule; we can review other parts of your\ntranslation, anyway.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-23T05:44:19.083",
"id": "65035",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-01-23T05:49:32.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65016",
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"score": 2
}
] |
65016
|
65035
|
65035
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65021",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Today I noticed during practicing kanji that lately I've been going through a\nlot of kanji that all mean _help / save / assist_ :\n\n * 助ける\n * 扶ける\n * 救ける\n * 援ける\n * 輔ける\n\nand I found two more that I had yet to learn (guess I don't have to anymore\nnow)\n\n * 佐ける\n * 佑ける\n\nWhat are the different usages of these kanji? Are all of them even used?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T05:48:52.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65020",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-22T07:13:33.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27848",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "What do all the different たすける's mean?",
"view_count": 754
}
|
[
{
"body": "**助ける** is the most common way to write たすける using kanji. It means to save\nsomeone from danger, the same as expressed in the word 救助する. It's the only\nkanji with たすける as a joyo reading.\n\n**扶ける** means to lend assistance or help someone (力を貸す). But this meaning can\nalso be written as **助ける** , thanks to the fact that たすける is not a joyo\nreading for this kanji.\n\n**輔ける** means to advise or assist someone, as in 補佐・輔佐する. To reiterate, it's\nnot a joyo reading.\n\nMy dictionary doesn't have explanations for the other ways of writing it you\nmentioned, and my kanji dictionary lists all of these except for 助 as non-joyo\nreadings.\n[Here](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%99%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B) is\nthe dictionary entry with the information I mentioned for the 3 renderings\nabove.\n\nThe instances in [BCCWJ](https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/) for\neach (or related forms) are \n助ける - 6708 \n扶ける - 21 \n救ける - 42 \n援ける - 35 \n輔ける - 6 \n佐ける - 2 \n佑ける - 0\n\nIn short, 助ける is the primary way of writing it, and you will occasionally come\nacross other renderings, the meanings of which can mostly be guessed from\ntheir individual kanji nuances.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T06:21:05.157",
"id": "65021",
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"score": 6
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65020
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65021
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65021
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65033",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "There are plenty of stereotypical qualities of a Japanese speaking person\ntrying to speak English, so, would I be correct in assuming the reverse is\nalso the case, and if so, what would the most notable features be?\n\nI ask this both out of curiosity and on the off chance I ever need to actually\ntry communicating with people in a way that doesn't result in my casual\nhumiliation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T07:32:03.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65023",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T06:34:11.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "What are the stereotypical qualities of a gaijin trying to speak/write Japanese to a Japanese person?",
"view_count": 1065
}
|
[
{
"body": "one stereotype I see on Japanese TV, and from my students' jokes, is that\nJapanese people believe that foreigners will inevitably put the stresses on\nthe wrong syllables while speaking Japanese. The exaggerated stereotype is\nusually a comical element of the stereotyped foreigner, and the syllables they\nstress are, as a result, usually very comically over-stressed:\n\n**_kon** ni **chi_** wa!\n\nunfortunately for beginner learners of Japanese, there is a lot of truth to\nthis... English words of varying syllable lengths have some predictable\nstressed syllables.. for example, 2-syllable nouns, adjectives, and adverbs\nare usually stressed on the first syllable while 2-syllable verbs are usually\nstressed on the second syllable, etc... The fact that English has these\npatterns means that English speakers may unconsciously adopt these patterns\neven when speaking foreign languages.\n\nAdd to that the fact that Japanese has a lot of words which are syllabically\nidentical (kumo for cloud and for spider, hana for flower and nose, being two\ncommon examples) where stressing one syllable (or none) helps determine which\nword is being said, and the \"wrongly stressed syllable\" stereotype is actually\npretty valid...\n\nOther stereotypes I have seen involve excessive loudness, and either\nintentional or unintentional rudeness based on speech form (a stereotype I am\nguilty of fulfilling, still).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T08:50:29.533",
"id": "65024",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-22T08:50:29.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "65023",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Two things that I notice, at least in caricatures of non-Japanese speakers\nspeaking Japanese, are mistakes in the vowel sounds and in the cadence of\nwords.\n\n## Vowel sounds\n\nThe Japanese vowel sounds do roughly correspond to some of the sounds in\nEnglish, but they take a while to get right. As an extreme example, consider\nthe pronunciation of the American English word\n\"[karaoke](https://www.dictionary.com/browse/karaoke)\". The first part sounds\nlike \"carry\" and the second like the first half of \"okie dokie\". In\ncomparison, the pronunciation of the Japanese word \"karaoke\" is closer to\nsomeone saying the words \"car are OK\" (although that's still not perfect, and\nit may depend a lot on your accent).\n\nFor an example of a (Japanese person voice acting as a) Canadian character\nspeaking heavily accented Japanese, [this anime\nclip](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L7Qt7yMsqk) shows a lot of what I'm\ntalking about, especially in her \"Sew narn dez kar?\" lines (for those\nfollowing along at home, that's meant to be \"[Sou nan desu\nka?](http://delvinlanguage.com/data/segment/3268/)\")\n\n## Cadence\n\nThis is a little harder to explain, especially if you haven't learned much\nJapanese yet, but it relates to the discussion about stressing the right\nparts. Japanese is a language where words are made up of very specific\nsyllables, which means that words have a particular rhythm to them based on\nthose syllables, and it's very easy to pronounce words with a more English\nrhythm until you get used to it.\n\nThis is not unusual - there are words in English where their more common\nmodern pronunciation is different to what would have traditionally been\nconsidered \"correct\". A great example of this is \"Wednesday\", which most\npeople would say as \"wenns dei\" (two syllables). However, if you look for some\nold BBC announcers saying it (since they used to have very strict rules about\npronouncing words like this, so they're a good example for these things),\nyou'll find that there are three distinct syllables - \"wed nns dei\".\n\nIn Japanese, each hiragana character you use to write a word is effectively\none \"beat\" of the word when you say it, and although the specific timing can\nvary a bit (especially in casual speech), there are some very distinctive non-\nnative things that crop up.\n\nFor example, Kyoto, or to romanise it more accurately, kyouto, which consists\nof 3 \"beats\" - kyo-u-to (although the -u- actually has the effect of\nlengthening the o sound before it, so you wouldn't emphasise an \"oo\" sound\nwhen pronouncing it). A common, but bad, pronunciation, separates the first\nsound into two and makes it more like \"kai-yo-to\", almost like the start of\n\"coyote\"; slightly better but still wrong is \"kee-yo-to\". The \"k\" and \"y\"\nsound are part of the same beat, and should not be separated.\n\nOne set of words I have trouble distinguishing, part of which comes down to\nnot being able to hear the distinct timing of, are the words \"kon'yaku\"\n(engagement, as in engagement ring), \"ko'nyakku\" (cognac) and \"kon'nyaku\"\n(konjac jelly). In \"kon'yaku\", the sounds are \"ko-n-ya-ku\", noting in\nparticular that \"n\" gets a beat to itself. In \"ko'nyakku\", the sounds are \"ko-\nnya-k-ku\" - the double consonant is a glottal stop, which gets a beat to\nitself, while the \"nya\" sound is a single beat. And in \"kon'nyaku\", the sounds\nare \"ko-n-nya-ku\", so there's a beat for \"n\" and a beat for \"nya\". However, if\nyou read those words without the deliberate punctuation to help you see where\nto break, then a naive reading of \"konyaku\" versus \"konyakku\" may end up with\nyou splitting them along the same lines and getting at least one of them wrong\n(either \"ko nyaku\" or \"kon yakku\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-23T03:26:36.227",
"id": "65032",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T03:26:36.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "16022",
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"score": 5
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{
"body": "I'm not sure if this is within the scope of your question, but the following\nis about _highly stereotyped_ traits of \"gaijin-speech\" found in manga and net\nforums. They are explained in pages like\n[this](https://wiki.chakuriki.net/index.php/%E3%83%99%E3%82%BF%E3%81%AA%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%81%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87),\n[this](https://www49.atwiki.jp/aniwotawiki/pages/9328.html) and\n[this](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%BA). Please note that they do\n_not_ reflect how foreigners speak Japanese in reality. Unsurprisingly, some\nof them are rude or displeasing especially to the users of each language.\n\nWestern speakers trying to speak Japanese:\n\n * Wrong intonation, accent, vowel length, double consonant: ニ **ホー** ンゴ **ワー** カリマセーン, オモシローイ **デー** ス, ビ **クー** リデス\n * Trilled/rolled ラリルレロ sounds\n * Overuse of personal pronouns: ワ **ター** シ, ア **ナー** タハー\n * Unconditional sentence-end です: 見るデス, 行けデス\n * Overuse/misuse of sentence-end ナ, ヨ, etc: 本当ヨ!\n * Use of katakanized English when excited: オーノー! ワーオ! ホワット!?\n * Use of ミー and ユー as person pronouns: [ユーは何しに日本へ?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Did_You_Come_to_Japan%3F)\n\nChinese speakers trying to speak Japanese:\n\n * アル, ネー or ヨー at the end of every sentence: 私は中国人アル \n(This is based on [a pidgin Japanese\nlanguage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyowa-go) but later established as\nrole language. アル was rather common 30 years ago or so, but today it's usually\na rude way to simulate Chinese accent.)\n\n * Insertion of の between a verb and こと, とき, etc: 食べるのこと, 見るのとき\n\nKorean speaker trying to speak Japanese:\n\n * ニダ (Korean copula similar to Japanese です) at the end of every sentence: 私は韓国人ニダ \n(This is almost always rude.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-23T03:47:42.453",
"id": "65033",
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"score": 17
}
] |
65023
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65033
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65033
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65046",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been studying Japanese through Duolingo and I wouldn't say I've\nprogressed very far. I've learned some of the basics of Hiragana and it's\nbeginning to transition into Kanji. While learning Hiragana I learned that\n`House` is pronounced `Ie` or `いえ`. When I began to transition into Kanji, I\nlearned that `no` is pronounced `Īe` or `いいえ` with an elongated `I` syllable.\nWhen I translate `House` using Google Translate, a new character is presented:\n`家`. I would assume this is correct, as the pronunciation sounds the same to\nme.\n\n* * *\n\nAre there a multitude of instances where this elongation of syllables occurs\nforming new words?\n\nWhat is a good rule of thumb for remembering such differences?\n\nIs it difficult to differentiate in rushed conversations?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T17:15:51.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65027",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-19T09:14:07.990",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-19T09:14:07.990",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30989",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"long-vowels"
],
"title": "Are there many occurrences of elongated syllables throughout the language?",
"view_count": 764
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Are there a multitude of instances where this elongation of syllables occurs\n> forming new words?\n\nYes, there are thousands of word pairs whose only difference is the length of\na vowel.\n\n> Is it difficult to differentiate in rushed conversations?\n\nApparently _yes_ for learners, but _no_ for native Japanese speakers. As a\nnative speaker of Japanese, I never thought this was difficult to distinguish\neven in hasty speech.\n\n> What is a good rule of thumb for remembering such differences?\n\nI doubt there is an easy way. You have to be aware how important this\ndistinction is, and you have to familiarize yourself with the Japanese\npronunciation system as early as possible. The Japanese language is [mora-\nbased](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_\\(Japanese_prosody\\)). It may take\ntime to understand and get used to it, but it's important. Once you've\nunderstood the general rule, this is no longer a big problem.\n\nSeeing from the other side, native Japanese speakers have difficulty\ndistinguishing the difference between the \"r\" consonant and the \"l\" consonant.\nFor example, _right_ and _light_ sound identical to Japanese ears. Japanese\nstudents who failed to take it seriously at their initial stage of learning\nEngrish will actuarry keep making stlange sperring ellors rike this for many\nyears. Learning a new language usually involves learning to recognize sounds\nthat are not used or distinguished in your mother tongue.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Do native speakers think of prolonged vowels as one long vowel, or two vowel sounds following each other?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30035/5010)\n * [Is it just me, or is \"ryokai\" pronounced \"yokai\" regularly?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41931/5010)\n * [Why do Japanese speakers have difficulty pronouncing \"L\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/8324/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T04:07:51.977",
"id": "65046",
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"score": 8
}
] |
65027
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65046
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65046
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65034",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A friend of mine is practicing Japanese and created the sentence\n私は女の人ではありません。私も男の人ではありません intending to say \"I am not a woman, I am also not a\nman\"\n\nI offered to improve the sentence as 私は男でも女でもありません, still a little stiff but\nsounds more natural at least to my ears. Which got me wondering. I know that\nyou should not use plain 男／女 to refer to others because that is rude, [which\nthis question talks\nabout](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4380/when-\nshould-%E7%94%B7%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA-%E5%A5%B3%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA-be-used-\ninstead-of-%E7%94%B7-%E5%A5%B3), but what about using them to refer to\nyourself, is that fine? Does that sound more natural than using の人?\n\nFurthermore, if I were talking about someone else, and I said\n僕の友人は男の人でも女の人でもありません does that sound reasonably natural (albeit stiff).\nFurthermore does 僕の友人は男でも女の人でもありません flow better, or is it just unnatural or\nungrammatical?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T20:10:00.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65028",
"last_activity_date": "2022-06-19T01:06:55.137",
"last_edit_date": "2022-06-19T01:06:55.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"politeness"
],
"title": "okay to use 男／女 as opposed to 男／女の人 to refer to yourself?",
"view_count": 322
}
|
[
{
"body": "私は男でも女でもありません is perfectly fine.\n\n * When you refer to yourself, you don't have to add の人.\n * Even when you refer to someone else, 男/女 tends to sound safe when used predicatively, because you are clearly focusing on one's gender in such a case. It is literary or rude when used as a simple noun (as a subject, object, etc):\n\n> * あの人は男です。: fine \n> (男性/女性です is better if you need to speak politely)\n> * 昨日見た女: literary/rude\n> * あそこにいる男と話そう。: literary/rude",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-23T04:13:31.620",
"id": "65034",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T04:13:31.620",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65028",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
65028
|
65034
|
65034
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "In [l'électeur's answer\nhere](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25179/past-unreal-\nconditional), he claims (with such confidence that he **bolds** the belief)\nthat the correct way to say the English sentence\n\n> \"If I had turned right back then, I wonder what would have happened.\"\n\nis\n\n> あのとき右に曲がっ **ていれば** 、どうなっ **ていた** だろう。\n\nIt seems like the reason for his statement is that instead of the plain ~ば, it\nshould instead be ~ていれば (and that なった should be なっていた).\n\nFurthermore, according to 新完全マスター, for 反実仮想 either ～ば or ～ていれば is acceptable.\nYet, they only give examples of the latter, indicating that the latter form is\npreferred.\n\n> 言葉の使い方にもう少し注意し **ていれば** 、誤解されないで済んだものを。\n\nNote that in this case, the second clause is plain past tense.\n\nMy questions are then:\n\n 1. Why is it preferred to use ~ていれば for counterfactual conditionals instead of the plain ~ば? \n 2. Should we use the ~ている for both the **_if_** clause and the **_then_** clause or does the **_then_** clause not matter? \n 3. Is there a difference in meaning between the two grammatical forms or is it just a clarity of writing thing?\n\nNote: I realize that this isn't limited to ~ば and seems to apply to ~たら and\n～なら as well, but for the sake of an easier title I chose to talk specifically\nabout ~ば vs ~ていれば.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T21:20:47.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65029",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-01-22T22:31:04.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "～ば vs ～ていれば in counterfactual conditionals",
"view_count": 939
}
|
[
{
"body": "A simplified answer is that ていれば is most commonly used for past perfect\ncounterfactual.\n\nThe following is the most standard translation pattern (terminology as per\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfactual_conditional)).\n\n * (Irrealis) If you **paid** enough attention (now), you would notice (now). （今）よく注意 **すれば** 気づくのに\n * (Past perfect) If you **had paid** enough attention (then), you would **have noticed** (then). （あのとき）よく注意し **ていれば** 気づい **ていた** のに\n * (Past perfect - irrealis) If **had done** shopping yesterday, I wouldn't have to go out today. 昨日買い物し **ていれば** 今日出かけなくてもよかったのに.\n\nSo roughly, irrealis corresponds to れば and past perfect ていれば.\n\n* * *\n\nThat said, perhaps due to the general sloppiness of Japanese in tense\nexpression, I think both can be used to some extent. E.g., the first sentence\nof the question can be あの時右に曲がればどうなっただろう.\n\nAlso some verbs always require ている in some contexts and some cannot be\nfollowed by ている. E.g. _if I had money_ and _if I had had money_ both become\n金を持っていれば/金があれば (never 金を持てば/あっていれば).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-04-06T07:49:29.373",
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65029
| null |
94029
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65031",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I'm practicing writting kanji, the proportions between each of the\nstrokes always seem to be a little off. Are there known exercises to help with\nthis? At the moment, I'm only trying to \"copy\" it from Word until it gets more\nor less right.\n\nOther than this, I would also like to know the following: \n-> Which size should a kanji have? Same as hiragana? A bit larger? \n-> Does the size depend on the number of strokes? \n-> (Curiosity question, optional) Is Japanese handwritting typically tidy and neat? Or do they favour speed?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-22T22:20:38.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65030",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"handwriting",
"stroke-count"
],
"title": "Kanji size and proportions",
"view_count": 1414
}
|
[
{
"body": "The only good exercise to practice kanji and get the good proportions is, for\nme, some drill practice : use graph paper (or print an Excel sheet with a\nsimple grid and, in each box, you draw horizontal, vertical and diagonal\nlines) and write the same kanji several times in 2x2 or 3x3 box (according to\nthe size you need).\n\nTo check the strokes order/proportions, you can just type the kanji you want\nto write plus 書き順 (which means \"writing order\"). If you take the first link,\nyou should get an animation where the kanji is written properly in a cursive\nfashion (I don't know if cursive is the appropriate term for kanji).\n\nFor your other questions :\n\n 1. All caracters that you write should have the same size to be consistent. However, if kanji with a lot of strokes are a bit larger for clarity reasons, I don't think people will mind.\n 2. The size of the caracter doesn't depend on its number of stroke, again for consistency reasons.\n 3. As in every language, people tend to distort caracters and create their own writing. Japanese is no exception and reading hadwritten caracters can be a pretty ardous task (personal experience). Only when doing callygraphy does people take care of writing properly caracters. Otherwise, they tend to write as quickly as possible as we would do with English.\n\nI hope this answered somehow your questions :D",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-23T00:35:07.360",
"id": "65031",
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"last_editor_user_id": "31846",
"owner_user_id": "31846",
"parent_id": "65030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
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] |
65030
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65031
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65031
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65041",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Castlevania Rondo of Blood, [Death fight starts with him saying those\nwords](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QolUJ0PqI8o&t=7). Now I'm trying to\nfigure out exactly what that means and grammar rules used in this sentence.\nHere's where I'm at:\n\nここ|から|さきに|は|ゆかせぬ\n\nhere|from|proceed|I|...\n\nObviously the ... should be something along the lines of `won't let you` but I\ncan't find the correct translation on jisho.org. Did I even break (and\ntranslate) the first part of the sentence correctly? Any help will be\nappreciated.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-23T12:22:08.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65037",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T21:10:38.203",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-23T12:45:52.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "32675",
"owner_user_id": "32675",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "ここからさきにはゆかせぬ sentence breakdown",
"view_count": 216
}
|
[
{
"body": "行く is pronounced ゆく here.\n\n> ここから先に行く（ゆく）-> 行かせる -> 行かせぬ\n>\n> I will not let you go any further.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [When ない becomes ぬ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18727/when-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-becomes-%E3%81%AC)\n\n * [When is 行く pronounced as いく, and when is it ゆく?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12440/when-is-%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8F-pronounced-as-%E3%81%84%E3%81%8F-and-when-is-it-%E3%82%86%E3%81%8F)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-23T21:10:38.203",
"id": "65041",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T21:10:38.203",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31624",
"parent_id": "65037",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65037
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65041
|
65041
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65040",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across a task in which I had to complete different sentences by putting\ncorrect case indicators. Everything seemed to be fine until I reached a\nsentence which made me think a lot about what case indicator to put. So, the\nsentence is this:\n\n> 私の答えは山口さんの答え **(case indicator)** ちがいます。\n\nAt first I thought that と would be a good option because I saw this sentence\n\"私とちがう考えの人はいませんか\". I'm not sure whether this is actually related to my\nsituation but it seemed to be a good enough. I also was considering ほど to be\nput there but since it only can be used with a negative form of predicate,\nthis is not the option I need. Now I think that it's が but am not sure.\n\nP.S. I'm having zero problems with comparative constructions that use より, の方,\netc. so far, but the one I mentioned above makes me ask a lot of questions.\n\nP.S.S. I also would like to know what case indicators work with this verb and\ntheir meaning.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-23T16:56:37.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65039",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T18:42:52.777",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-23T18:25:04.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "32464",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "A verb ちがう and its indicators",
"view_count": 129
}
|
[
{
"body": "I also asked for help on another [language exchange\nforum](https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/12061520) and was told that the\nsentence \"私の答えは山口さんの答え **(case indicator)** ちがいます。\" has to have と in it. That\nbeing said, if I need to say that \"A is different from B\", I use the verb\n違{ちが}う with case indicator と.\n\nHere are some speech patterns:\n\n1) AはB「と」ちがう。- A is different from B - この犬はあの犬と違う。\n\n2) AとB「は」ちがう。- A and B are different - 犬と猫は違う。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-23T18:24:54.067",
"id": "65040",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T18:42:52.777",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-23T18:42:52.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "32464",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"parent_id": "65039",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65039
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65040
|
65040
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I recently acquired some brush pens meant for calligraphy, one of size\n'standard', and one of size 'beginner'. While I cannot find the site where\nthey were labeled as such, the lineup is\n[here](http://www.pentel.co.jp/products/brushpens/brushtype/pentelfude-2/)\nwith XFL2U being the 'standard' and XFL2F being the 'beginner'.\n\nBecause of its availability where I live, I've been practicing on 5x5mm graph\npaper, writing 10x10mm kanji with a pen. I've seen proper kanji practice paper\nwith 8x8mm boxes.\n\nI can make both brush pens work in 10x10mm, but it gets very finicky with more\nbusy kanji, like 慶 or 鬱. Moreover, I feel like I'm utilizing very little of\nthe range of line width, and I have too little to work with to properly take\nadvantage of the brush, to have the _motion_ of the strokes reflected in the\ncharacter rather than merely meticulously drawing a figure.\n\nI get that this is an art that takes practice, but the 'standard' brush in\nparticular feels too big for an 8x8mm square (which I assume is for\npen/pencil), because so little of its range is used. I assume a 'standard'\nbrush dictates a certain 'standard' line width range, which in turn dictates a\ncertain size of kanji determined by their 'maximum busyness'. A minimum\npractical size follows the brush.\n\nSo, if a Japanese person shows up for a caligraphy course, is given a standard\nbrush and a box to draw within, how big is the box?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T11:18:59.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65047",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-24T11:18:59.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32687",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is the standard size of a kanji as written by a standard caligraphy brush",
"view_count": 404
}
|
[] |
65047
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65066",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw both are in use. What's the different here?\n\nBased on knownledge from primary textbooks, \"は\" seems better.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T15:01:33.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65048",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T06:55:59.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between \"をいかがですか\" and \"はいかがですか\"?",
"view_count": 332
}
|
[
{
"body": "～をいかがですか is occasionally used, but it is much less common (only one hit on\nBCCWJ as compared to >500 hits of はいかがですか), and some people may say it's\nunnatural or incorrect. I don't see any semantic difference.\n\nNote that they are interchangeable only when it means \"how about (having) ～\"\n(e.g., コーヒーを/はいかがですか). You cannot use を when it means \"how is ～ like\" (e.g.,\n体調はいかがですか) or \"why don't you ～\" (e.g., 訪問されてはいかがですか).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T06:55:59.200",
"id": "65066",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T06:55:59.200",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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65048
|
65066
|
65066
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading a textbook and I have this example:\n\n> Takashi-san no ie wa doko ni arimasu ka?\n\nTrying to understand why is `arimasu` used instead of `desu` I rephrased it\nlike so:\n\n> Doko ga Takashi-san no ie desu ka?\n\nand I can't tell the meaning difference. Is the second sentence wrong\ngramatically or logically? It's there a preference when it comes to using the\nfirst one?\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T19:37:48.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65051",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-24T22:37:09.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32507",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronouns",
"demonstratives"
],
"title": "What's the difference between \"doko ga ... desu ka\" and \"... doko ni arimasu ka\"?",
"view_count": 2617
}
|
[
{
"body": "To rephrase the question with です desu, it's simply タカシさんの家はどこですか？ 'Takashi-san\nno ie wa doko desu ka?' While どこがタカシさんの家ですか？ 'Doko ga Takashi-san no ie desu\nka?' is technically a valid sentence, it means 'What part of this (looks to\nyou like it) is Takashi-san's house?'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T22:37:09.157",
"id": "65057",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9971",
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"post_type": "answer",
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65051
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65057
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I know manga is 漫画 and recommend is 勧める.\n\nDo I just... 漫画を進める？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T20:10:22.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65052",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T02:42:09.273",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32695",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-を"
],
"title": "How do I ask my friend to recommend me a manga?",
"view_count": 346
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would probably say:\n\n> お勧めの漫画はある?\n\nOr:\n\n> 一番お勧めの漫画は何ですか。\n\nOr:\n\n> あなたのお勧めの漫画を教えてください。\n\nJust saying `漫画をお勧め` (closest to your translation) sounds too harsh, like you\nare giving a command.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T21:51:13.490",
"id": "65054",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T02:42:09.273",
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"owner_user_id": "31624",
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"score": 1
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65052
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65054
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66114",
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"body": "In English a lot of people informally call their friends these terms in\nconversations.\n\nLike \"Dude, what are you doing?\"\n\n\"Bro, what's up!\"\n\nMy question is how do you informally speak to friends in Japanese?\n\nLike, how do close friends greet each other? Is there a word like dude or bro,\nused to informally refer to other people?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T21:26:08.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65053",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-21T09:41:21.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Equivalent of saying Bruh, man, dude, etc. in Japanese?",
"view_count": 11151
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't think there is an equivalent concept in Japanese because the most\ninformal way to address someone is by using his/her name without any suffix.\nIt feels pretty normal to call people by their name in English but Japan is a\nhighly hierarchical society so not using those suffixes (called 呼【よ】び捨【す】て)\ncan be really rude if you are not close to the person you talk to.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T23:15:17.010",
"id": "65058",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T00:28:21.107",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-25T00:28:21.107",
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"owner_user_id": "31846",
"parent_id": "65053",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "There are actually quite a number of informal pronouns in Japanese, but they\nwould not translate exactly 1-to-1 to those words you have in English (Well\nit's a different language), especially when these are casualish terms, they\ndon't always have a perfect translation as they are often derived from very\nlocalized contexts. I am assuming that part of your question is related second\nperson pronouns, as it seems like that all your quotes were for second person\nreferences. I can list some of those here, but beware, some can be rather rude\nconsidering the context, and most of these are definitely not suitable for\ntalking to superiors.\n\n * お前{まえ}\n\nLiterally: the one in front (前) of you (+ honorific お). Although it looks like\nit is honorific, in reality this is a rather informal pronoun to use.\n\nAccording to [this source](https://blog.skritter.com/2014/04/japanese-you-\nprobably-shouldnt-use/), \"... often used by between male friends... and isn’t\nrude (if you’re friends), however can be used in a rude way as well.\"\n\nAdditionally, according to [this source](http://nihonshock.com/2012/07/saying-\nyou-in-japanese/), \"used in very informal situations or toward people of lower\nstatus. This word feels very “blunt” and can easily come off as rude.\"\n\n * あんた\n\nNote that this is rather different to \"あなた\" connotationally, even though they\nsound similar. This word can have a sense of looking down on the person\ndepending on the situation, according to [this\nsource](http://lang-8.com/135694/journals/674377).\n\n * 手前{てめぇ}\n\nLiterally: in front (手) of hand (前), i.e. the one in front of your hand (you).\nSlightly derogatory, can be used for discontent, etc. Can be used for a joking\nreference if you are really close (like die-hard friends) to the person, or\nused by a superior to inferiors who are really close in a very informal\nsituation (maybe something like jokingly referencing to an inferior when they\nare drinking at a bar?)\n\nAccording to [this source](https://blog.skritter.com/2014/04/japanese-you-\nprobably-shouldnt-use/), \"this is likely only meant to be rude, and is ...\nderogatory ..., meant to show disdain and often heard in anime/manga.\"\n\nAdditionally, according to [this source](http://nihonshock.com/2012/07/saying-\nyou-in-japanese/), like other derogatory pronouns on this list, \"[they] all\nindicate anger and/or disapproval of whoever you’re talking to. ... don’t use\nthem unless you’re trying to pick a fight.\"\n\n * 貴様{きさま}\n\nLiterally: The noble (貴) (+ the noble honorific suffix 様), often used in a\nsarcastic tone, or looking down at the person referred to.\n\nArchaic word seen mostly only in manga and anime according to [this\nsource](https://blog.skritter.com/2014/04/japanese-you-probably-shouldnt-\nuse/).\n\n * 己{おのれ}\n\nAccording to [this source](http://nihonshock.com/2012/07/saying-you-in-\njapanese/), another derogatory pronoun, although rather archaic.\n\n * As [N Gillain](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/65058/33363) suggested, simply the name without suffixes could do\n\n* * *\n\nAs for the other part of the sentences you have referred to, about \"what's\nup\", etc. and things like that, there are a lot of different ways to\n挨拶{あいさつ}する (whats the word in English?) with close friends in Japanese. I can\nlist some here as well. Note that in Japanese, when the context is clear,\nsubjects (or other parts of the sentences which have become clear to both\nparties in the conversations) can often be omitted, as such, in casual\nconversation, it is likely that the pronouns (dude, man, etc.) will be\ndropped, leaving simply things like \"S'up\".\n\nFrom [this\nsource](https://www2.rocketlanguages.com/japanese/salutations/japanese-\ngreetings/)\n\n * やあ: Hi\n * よう / よっ / よー, etc.: Hey\n * 最近{さいきん}どう: Literally: How, recently, i.e. How's it recently; what's up?\n\nFrom [this source](https://blogs.transparent.com/japanese/7-japanese-slang-\nwords-your-textbook-isnt-teaching-you/)\n\n * おっす: What's up\n\nAccording to source: \"Originally an extremely formal word used in the\nmilitary, this word is still commonly used by martial arts practitioners.\nNowadays, it’s a slangy way to say hello among young people...\"\n\n * こんちゃ: Hi, abbr. of \"こんにちは\"\n\nAccording to source: \"... it sounds less stiff. You use it when you meet and\ngreet friends. And this is a tad more conservative than おっす\"\n\n * 調子{ちょうし}どう(?): ~How's it hanging / doing, etc.?\n\nAccording to source: \"This question can be used at social gatherings with\nfriends and is a safe phrase to ask people how they are doing. It can mean\n“how have you been,” “what’s new,” or “what’s happening.”\"\n\nIn general, there can be many variants to the same linguistic variable that\nperform similar functions as in above. This list is in no way exhaustive and\nonly aims to list a few of them as examples. I hope this helps (:.\n\nP.S. I guess the best way to learn this is actually get some Japanese friends\nand hear out what they usually use in normal conversations (although I am\nguessing that these informal terms will really highly depend on where they\ncome from, and the linguistic backgrounds of them)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-20T08:54:46.593",
"id": "66114",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-20T09:01:22.763",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-20T09:01:22.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "33363",
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"parent_id": "65053",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65053
|
66114
|
65058
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "This sentence has become famous lately as the catchphrase of Giorno Giovanna\nin the JoJo: Golden Wind anime series. Literally, it's translated as \"in this\nGiorno Giovanna there is a dream\", but subtitles render it as \"I, Giorno\nGiovanna, have a dream\", maybe because the original sentence's construction is\npretty weird, at least to me as a beginner.\n\nWhat I wonder is: is this the normal way of saying someone has a dream in\njapanese? If not, is it some kind of way to form a sentence which is used to\nexpress something in particular? Or is it just Araki making things up to sound\nweird?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T22:01:07.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65055",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-24T22:01:07.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32696",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"manga",
"anime",
"には"
],
"title": "Would a japanese say \"このジョルノジョバーナには夢がある\"?",
"view_count": 10494
}
|
[] |
65055
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65060",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been learning Japanese through phone apps and am now trying to read a\nJapanese children's book called ふんふん なんだかいいにおい. The first page is:\n\n> さっちゃんは おおいそぎで あさごはんを たべました。 おかあさんは いつも 「ゆっくり たべなさい」 と いうけれど、 きょうは ゆっくりなんて\n> していられないの。 なぜって‥‥‥ それは おかあさんには ないしょなの。\n\nI think the first two sentences mean:\n\n> Sachan ate breakfast urgently. Mom always says \"please ate slowly\"' but\n> today it cannot be helped\"\n\nI can't figure out that the last sentence. It starts with なぜって‥‥‥ which I\ndidn't recognize at all and apparently just means \"why\". Then それ means \"that\"\nand おかあさん means \"mother\" but I dodn't know ないしょ or なの. Apparently ないしょ means\n\"secrecy\" or \"privacy\" and なの is an informal version of ですか?\". Both Google\nTranslate and Microsoft Translate give different translations of that\nsentence, neither has a word like secrecy or privacy in it and neither seem to\nmake much sense in the context so I'm still not sure what that sentence means.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-24T22:17:23.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65056",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29428",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"なぜって‥‥‥ それは おかあさんには ないしょなの\" mean?",
"view_count": 256
}
|
[
{
"body": "> なぜって‥‥‥ それは おかあさんには ないしょなの。\n\n_lit._ \"(You ask me) why? ... That (=the reason) is secret from Mom.\" \n\"Why? ... I can't tell that to Mom. / I can't tell her why.\"\n\nBreakdown:\n\n * それ (\"that\") refers to なぜ (\"why/reason\"). \n * なぜ is referring to the reason for きょうはゆっくりなんてしていられないの (\"I can't take my time today. / I can't be eating slowly today.\") \n * ないしょ is a noun meaning \"secret\". \n * The な in なの at the end is the attributive form of the copula だ. だ conjugates to な when followed by の. \n * の is a sentence-ending particle used in casual (and often childlike or feminine) speech. \n * The って is an adverbial particle used to repeat other's word and talk about it. From 明鏡国語辞典: \n\n> って ㊁ 〘副助〙➋相手の言葉を繰り返し、それについて述べる意を表す。「誰が犯人か **って** 、あいつに決まってるよ」「やりたくない **って**\n> 、どういう意味？」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T01:25:01.000",
"id": "65060",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T02:14:31.457",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-25T02:14:31.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65056",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65056
|
65060
|
65060
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What are the differences between 芸術 (geijutsu) and 美術 (bijutsu)?\n\nMy native tongue has both of these [Sino-\nXenic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Xenic_pronunciations) terms too,\nalthough in it, the _geijutsu_ -word is clearly \"art form; art in general; the\narts; the humanities\" (including literature, music, performance, etc.), while\nthe _bijutsu_ -word is clearly \"some visual artistic disciplines\" (such as\ndrawing, painting, sculpture, architecture, graphic design). No schools of the\n_bijutsu_ -type would offer courses on, say, music. When you say \"art for\nart's sake\", you use the _geijutsu_ -word. Although I admit that my language\nmay be more under Western influence.\n\nSo is that the case with the Japanese words too? Or the differences are\nsomething else? Bilingual dictionaries don't seem to be of much help, because\nit seems like neither of these words actually corresponds to the Western\nconcept of \"art\", kinda like _kindai_ and _gendai_ to \"modern\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T04:06:27.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65061",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T07:14:36.713",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10168",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What are the differences between 芸術 (geijutsu) and 美術 (bijutsu)?",
"view_count": 2692
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't speak Chinese nor Vietnamese, but your explanation is applicable in\nJapanese too. In short, 美術 is a sub-category of 芸術. 美術 only refers to\ntraditional forms of visual art such as paintings, sculpture, photography and\ncalligraphy. 芸術 also includes music, literature, dance and movie (and probably\nmanga and video games, too).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T06:41:59.447",
"id": "65064",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T07:14:36.713",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-25T07:14:36.713",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65061",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65061
| null |
65064
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65076",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm studying なら conditional form now and cannot understand the following: In a\n\"Dictionary of basic japanese grammar\" there is a note that s1ならs2\n(s=sentence) could not be used when: 1) s1 never fails to occur; 2)one can\nnever tell whether s1 condition is true or false and 3) when the speaker\nalready knows that s1 is true.\n\nThe question is connected to the 2nd rule. There is an example (of what is\ndeemed wrong and ungrammatical according to 2nd rule): あした雨が降るなら試合はないでしょう。 It\nis said that one could never tell whether tommorow will be rain or not.\nHowever, on Internet I have found a next example which is considered\ngrammatical, as I've understood: 明日雨なら、うちでテレビを見ます。\n\nBoth of them are connected to the uncertain future event, and it is impossible\nfor the speaker to determine will the rain happen or not... Then what is the\ndifference? Is it the use of Verb before なら which makes the first construction\nwrong?\n\nPlease help :)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T06:48:50.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65065",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T17:04:13.750",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-25T12:28:57.717",
"last_editor_user_id": "32701",
"owner_user_id": "32701",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Uncertain event + ならissue",
"view_count": 112
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm not 100% sure about this, but this is my feeling.\n\n> x あした雨が降るなら試合はないでしょう。\n\nThis sentence conforms to rule 2). The speaker doesn't know if it will rain\ntomorrow. We can tell this because of でしょう at the end. So the sentence is\nungrammatical.\n\n> 明日雨なら、うちでテレビを見ます。\n\nIn this sentence, perhaps the speaker has seen the weather forecast and is\nalmost certain that it will rain tomorrow. The speaker is assuming that it\n**will** rain tomorrow and, if that's the case, they'll watch TV at his house.\nWhereas, in the first sentence there is no assumption that it **will** rain,\nit is just trying to say what might happen **if** it rains (ungrammatically).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T17:04:13.750",
"id": "65076",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T17:04:13.750",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "65065",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65065
|
65076
|
65076
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Negations that consistently take -ない in the plain form show differences in the\npolite version: \n食べない -> 食べません \nで(は)ない -> で(は)ありません \nbut \n大きくない -> 大きくないです\n\nWhy the inconsistency? Is it due to history?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T10:27:15.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65067",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T03:49:56.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"history",
"negation"
],
"title": "Variations in polite negations: ありません, ないです, -ません",
"view_count": 422
}
|
[
{
"body": "You'd normally see/hear... or, you'd normally be expected to use, in formal\nsituations:\n\n> (verb) 知らない -> 知り **ません** \n> (noun+copula / na-adjective) ではない -> ではあり **ません** /じゃあり **ません** \n> (i-adjective) 大きくない -> 大きくあり **ません**\n\nYou'd see/hear ～ないです in rather informal situations, like casual conversation:\n\n> (verb) 知らない -> 知らない **です** \n> (noun+copula / na-adjective) ではない/じゃない -> ではない **です** /じゃない **です** \n> (i-adjective) 大きくない -> 大きくない **です**\n\nSo.. they look quite consistent... no?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-02-09T03:49:56.810",
"id": "65392",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-09T03:49:56.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
] |
65067
| null |
65392
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 最後の質問が解けたところで、試験終了のチャイムが鳴ったんだ。\n\nWhat does で after ところ mean ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T10:36:51.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65068",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-26T16:00:00.620",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-25T16:52:03.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "What's で's meaning in this sentence",
"view_count": 168
}
|
[
{
"body": "One of the definitions of ところで is 「時に（ときに）」 'at the time of ____', 'as _____\nhappens/happened'.\n\n'As I solved the last question, the bell ending the test sounded.'",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T13:19:13.930",
"id": "65072",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-26T16:00:00.620",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-26T16:00:00.620",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65068",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65068
| null |
65072
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65079",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The instrument clearly has 3 (三) strings (線), but where does 味 exactly fit in?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T12:05:06.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65070",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T20:46:56.550",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-25T20:12:22.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology",
"ateji"
],
"title": "What is the etymology of shamisen (三味線)?",
"view_count": 293
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm not sure about this one as i am not a specialist in the question. But in\nmy opinion it may be some kind of a meaning extension.\n\nAs 味 also means \"a flavour\", it might be that 三味線 is \"three [good] flavour\nstrings\". And the meaning of a \"[good] flavour\" is just somehow extended to\nsounds made by the instrument. So it transforms in something like \"three\n[good] sounding strings\".\n\nNot sure,though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T12:25:41.240",
"id": "65071",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-25T12:25:41.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32701",
"parent_id": "65070",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -5
},
{
"body": "The instrument originated in China as the [三弦]{sānxián}, and it came to Japan\nvia Okinawa. The Okinawan instrument's soundbox is covered with a snakeskin.\nThe older Japanese name for it was 蛇皮【じゃび】線【せん】, literally \"snakeskin\nstrings\". This instrument was introduced to the Osaka area from Okinawa during\nthe 永禄【えいろく】 era (1558-1570). Over time, the _jabi_ portion on the front\nshifted pronunciation to _shami_ : the \"j\" became unvoiced \"sh\", and the \"b\"\nlost its plosive-ness to become nasal \"m\".\n\nThe 三味 spelling for the _shami_ portion is an example of _ateji_ , with some\nmeaning overtones of _jukujikun_ in the use of 三 to refer to the three\nstrings, and (as far as I can tell) pure phonetics for the 味.\n\nSee also [the Wiktionary\nentry](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%91%B3%E7%B7%9A#Japanese)\n(full disclosure: I edited that), and the monlingual Japanese sources at\n[Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B8%89%E5%91%B3%E7%B7%9A-76278) and\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%B8%89%E5%91%B3%E7%B7%9A).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T20:06:27.077",
"id": "65079",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-01-25T20:46:56.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "65070",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
] |
65070
|
65079
|
65079
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "On-yomi of kanji feel a bit like they all sound alike. For instance, vowels\n/o/ and /u/ are over-represented. \nAre there statistics of phoneme counts or syllable counts for on-yomi compared\nto kun-yomi? Something like: the top-100 syllables make up 20% of syllables\nfor kun but 40% for on.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T13:19:35.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65073",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-01T22:13:45.580",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-01T22:13:45.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"readings",
"statistics"
],
"title": "Statistics of on-yomi phonemes/syllables",
"view_count": 183
}
|
[] |
65073
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have a question about a passage in an article I'm reading. For context,\nhere's the passage:\n\n>\n> 仕事はご縁。もちろん求められていることができる能力がなければ元も子もないが、そこさえクリアしていれば、あとは相性だったりタイミングだったりする。そんなご縁が転がっているかもしれないと、筆者が時折覗いている求人サイトが「日本仕事百貨」だ。\n\nThe passage I'm interested in is this bit (specifically the part in bold):\n\n> **そんなご縁が転がっているかもしれないと** 、筆者が時折覗いている求人サイトが「日本仕事百貨」だ\n\nI understand the meaning of the entire passage above, but I have a small\ngrammar question about the bold part.\n\nWhat is the function of the particle と in the above bold bit? I assumed\ninitially that it functions to put the bold bit in quotes, so to speak, so as\nto qualify the part that comes after. But now after looking at it more\nclosely, I think I've just confused myself.\n\nSo... what exactly is と doing in the above part? And how does the bold bit\nfunction in the whole sentence? An example translation would be great if you\ncan offer it, so I can compare it to how I initially translated it.\n\n手伝ってくれてありがとうございます！",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T16:08:39.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65075",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-26T00:18:09.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32706",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particles"
],
"title": "\"と\" plus a clause -- but what is it doing?",
"view_count": 95
}
|
[] |
65075
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've been given two examples:\n\n> Niwa ni ki ga arimasu\n\nand\n\n> Kono heya ni wa nani ga arimasu ka?\n\nWhy is `wa` required in the second sentence, but not in the first one?\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-25T17:12:35.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32507",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Particles after に",
"view_count": 66
}
|
[] |
65077
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am currently struggling with wrapping my head around こと and how it\nnominalises adjectives/sentences with adjectives to turn them into noun\nphrases.\n\nWith verbs, it's easy:\n\n> べんとうを食べる (I eat bento/I will eat bento) \n> べんとうを食べること ((the act of) eating bento)\n\nHowever, with adjectives (and particularly nouns) I'm not quite understanding\nthe transformation, other than the fact that the phrase now functions as a\nnoun/noun phrase and can be moved around the sentence.\n\n> スイスがきれいだ (Switzerland is beautiful) \n> スイスがきれいなこと ((as for the fact that?) Switzerland is beautiful... or (on the\n> notion that???) Switzerland is beautiful).\n\nThis sentence was taken from: スイスがきれいなことは写真で知っています。\n\nTo me, the nominalised adjective/noun phrase does not _sound_ like a noun,\nmerely a statement that Switzerland is beautiful.\n\nAny helpers? If I'm not clear I'm happy to try and elaborate further.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2019-01-26T00:50:01.397",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"nominalization",
"na-adjectives",
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "How to translate nominalised adjectives from Japanese to English (e.g. スイスがきれいなこと)",
"view_count": 218
}
|
[
{
"body": "The important thing to mention here, I feel, is that these will not be true\nnouns, but noun phrases (as you have already noted in your post). It\ntranslates more closely to 'Switzerland's being beautiful' or 'The fact that\nSwitzerland is beautiful', rather than simply 'Switzerland's beauty'.\n\nIf you truly want to change an adjective into a noun you can add さ (and remove\nfinal い for i-adjectives). Switzerland's beauty would be スイスのうつくしさ or\nスイスのきれいさ.\n\nFor na-adjectives, just add な and の or こと to nominalize it.\n\n> スイスがきれいなこと は 写真で知っています。 \n> More literally: That Switzerland is beautiful is known from pictures. \n> More colloquially: 'I know of Switzerland's beauty from pictures.'\n\nOther noun phrases using na-adjectives:\n\n> 好きなのは読書｛どくしょ｝です。/ 好きなことは読書{どくしょ｝です。[The thing I like] is reading. \n> 賑｛にぎ｝やかなことは大好きだ。I love gaiety.\n\nHere's a link that might be helpful: <https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-\ngrammar/nominalizers-koto-and-no/>",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2019-01-26T01:56:30.810",
"id": "65083",
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"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "There are several ways to translate \"adjective + こと\":\n\n 1. Add \"being\" before the adjective, [optionally with a possessive noun to show its subject](https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2guides/guides/wrtps/index-eng.html?lang=eng&lettr=indx_catlog_p&page=90SDm90b7Xlw.html). This is probably the most literal choice, but this way of showing a subject may sound stilted in English. \n\n> * 美しいこと \n> being beautiful\n> * 彼女が美しいこと \n> her being beautiful\n> * 彼女が美しいことは皆に知られている。 \n> Her being beautiful is known to everyone.\n> * 健康なこと \n> being healthy\n\n 2. Simply use the noun version of the adjective, such as \"beauty\", \"friendliness\" and \"wealth\". These nouns mean either \"the degree of ～\" and \"the fact that ～\" depending on the context. But practically speaking, this approach works in most cases. \n\n> * 美しいこと \n> (one's) beauty\n> * 彼女が美しいこと \n> her beauty\n> * 彼女が美しいことは皆に知られている。 \n> Her beauty is known to everyone.\n> * 健康なこと \n> (one's) health\n\n 3. Use `the fact that + (clause)`. This is the most verbose choice, but it works. \n\n> * 美しいこと \n> the fact that someone is beautiful\n> * 彼女が美しいことは皆に知られている。 \n> The fact that she is beautiful is known to everyone.\n> * 健康なこと \n> the fact that someone is healthy",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-01-26T06:45:40.333",
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"score": 4
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65082
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65084
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the following sentence:\n\n> ふつ~怒られるんじゃないかぁ~?\n\nFor context, the speaker has been beaten and is responding to the victory\ninterview of the one who defeated him, which contains a lot of heartwarming\nstuff like how he's just happy he could keep a promise he made to his father.\nThe speaker is accompanied by at least one other person (who also lost), but\nprobably by more.\n\n[EDIT: to better explain the context, because the above is faulty.\n\n * C defeats A and B.\n * C is interviewed by D.\n * A (and B) watch the interview.\n * A comments (to B?) on what C says in the interview.]\n\nWhat is ふつ? The one guess I have at present that sort of makes sense is the\naffectionate meaning of 仏, so that it would be \"How adorable~Ah, we can't\npossibly be mad at this, right~?\" But as far as I understand that would\nrequire the ほとけ reading.\n\nSort of a backup guess is that it's short for ふつふつ, but if so I don't know how\nto apply that.\n\nThanks in advance.\n\nEDIT: Reading through the comments, I'm sorry for the trouble I've caused. I'm\nvery grateful for all the help I've been given and I hope you all have a nice\nday.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-26T07:54:20.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "32522",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is ふつ here?",
"view_count": 622
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is easy as pie.\n\nHere, ふつ～ is the Japanese **colloquial** version of Kanji 普通｛ふつう｝, meaning\ntypically, normally, ordinarily, naturally etc etc.\n\nSo I was provided with more context by the OP at edited version, saying,\n\n> C defeats A and B.\n>\n> C is interviewed by D.\n>\n> A (and B) watch the interview.\n>\n> A comments (to B?) on what C says in the interview.]\n\nAnd at the comment line,\n\n> @KentaroTomono In my edit, the speaker is A. C is being spoken about. And B\n> responds to A with ボクもそう思うネ…\n\nThen the conversation? utterance? would be like this, I think.\n\nA, the defeated speaker, is speaking to B, ( not to himself probably ( because\nin the edit, it is described \"corresponds to **B?** \" )).\n\nAnd I am sorry, I was a bit perplexed who is scolded, so that is the speaker A\ntalking about C's attitude? Then\n\n> \"Normally C is gonna be yelled at ( by his father ) ( or by his master? )\n> later if C says such a thing\"?\n\n( And B is responding to A with ボクもそう思うネ… )\n\nAnd yes, ふつ～ is a bit of colloquial version of ふつう/普通｛ふつう｝.\n\n仏｛ふつ｝ means France in old usage by the way.\n\nAnd\n\n> Sort of a backup guess is that it's short for ふつふつ, but if so I don't know\n> how to apply that.\n\nふつふつ is the Japanese Hiragana of 沸々{ふつふつ｝, in which you can imagine hot water\nsimmering, so there is nothing to do with this \"conversation\".\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-01-26T08:11:33.483",
"id": "65086",
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"body": "The word you're seeing is ふつ～, which is 普通【ふつう】 (\"normally\", \"usually\")\nwritten in a slangy/sloppy way. This `～` is not a tilde but a [wave\ndash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_punctuation#Wave_dash), which is\nused in place of a standard long vowel marker (ー). Notice the width of the\ncharacter. In vertical writing it's rotated 90 degrees. You can write like\nおか～さん instead of おかあさん, そ～です instead of そうです, and so on (never do this in\nformal settings.) 仏 has nothing to do with this sentence.\n\n> A: ふつ～怒られるんじゃないかぁ～ \n> A: Normally, I guess he (the interviewee, C) would be scolded (if he says\n> such a thing)?\n\n* * *\n\nHere's the relevant explanation from Wikipedia:\n\n> ## Japanese punctuation\n>\n> ### [Wave\n> Dash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_punctuation#Wave_dash)\n>\n> The wave dash 〜 (波ダッシュ nami dasshu, wave dash) resembles a lengthened tilde\n> (FULLWIDTH TILDE), which does not exist in JIS X 0208.\n>\n> Uses in Japanese include:\n>\n> * To indicate a long or drawn-out vowel (ですよね〜 or あ〜〜〜), usually for comic\n> or cute effect\n>",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2019-01-26T09:41:22.003",
"id": "65087",
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65085
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65087
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65093",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How do もう and けど work in the bold sentence?\n\n> ー日本のガイド・ブックはありませんか。\n>\n> ーはい、こちらです。\n>\n> ー **もう少しくわしい本の方がいいんですけど。**\n>\n> ーそうですか。それでは、こちらがいかがですか。\n>\n> ーじゃ、これをおねがいします。\n\nI think it means something like \"but a little bit detailed book would be\nbetter\" but I'm not sure.\n\nAlso, I don't understand how もう works here. According to\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/530/how-can-i-\ndifferentiate-between-%E3%82%82%E3%81%86-that-means-already-\nand-%E3%82%82%E3%81%86-that-means-m) post もう has 2 meanings, and the one that\nfits here is \"additional\". So, the sentence would be something like \"but\nadditional a little detailed book would be better\". To me it looks like the\ncustomer was not satisfied with what the seller shown him, therefore he wanted\nto get another book. Or did he want to buy 2 books (the one that the customer\noffered and another one)?\n\nAlso, I would like to know whether けど is really a thing here and has to be\ntranslated or not. As I read\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28458/native-usage-\nof-%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9), sometimes it can be used as a softener.\n\nI think I get the general meaning of the sentence but I would like to know how\nit works.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-26T14:24:44.100",
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"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "もう and けど in one sentence",
"view_count": 203
}
|
[
{
"body": "And here I am answering my own question again, using an [answer from another\nforum](https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/12096153).\n\nI was wrong about 「もう」. Basically, it means here \"more\" and is used to\nemphasize the meaning of 「少し」.\n\n・少し+くわしい本: a little detailed book\n\n・もう+少し: a little more\n\n・もう少しくわしい本: a little more detailed book\n\nConsidering this, the sentence can be translated as \"(But) a little more\ndetailed book would be better\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-26T17:09:17.710",
"id": "65090",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-26T17:36:09.437",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-26T17:36:09.437",
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{
"body": "> According to this post もう has 2 meanings, and the one that fits here is\n> \"additional\". So, the sentence would be something like \"but additional a\n> little detailed book would be better\".\n\nYes, you are right. Since we are talking about books, \"more\ninformative/detailed\" might better suits with this situation.\n\n> To me it looks like the customer was not satisfied with what the seller\n> shown him, therefore he wanted to get another book.\n\nYes. Therefore he and shopper engaged in this conversation.\n\n> ーもう少しくわしい本の方がいいんですけど。( I would rather like to purchase more informative (\n> ore more detailed ) book, please.\n>\n> ーそうですか。それでは、こちらがいかがですか ( Alright, then, how about this one? )\n\n* * *\n\n> Also, I would like to know whether けど is really a thing here and has to be\n> translated or not. As I read here, sometimes it can be used as a softener.\n\nI'n not sure what you try to mean by saying \"a thing here.\" Here, けど/けれど is\nworking as a softer as you said, avoiding the decisive tone that might the\nspeaker offending to the shopper and telling the shopper your wishes ( I would\nrather like to.. ) indirect way.\n\n## Conclusion\n\n> ーもう少しくわしい本の方がいいんですけど。\n\nAs I said,「もう」「けど」are working as 「More informative/detailed」, 「I would like\nrather..., please」 than 「I want」respectively.\n\n> ーもう少しくわしい本の方がいいんですけど。\n>\n> 「I would rather like to purchase more informative/detailed book, please」\n\nHave a nice day.",
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"creation_date": "2019-01-26T18:52:12.967",
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65088
|
65093
|
65093
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{
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"body": "What do you call \"normal\" handwritten Japanese? I mean this as opposed to\ncalligraphic style or handwriting in block letters?\n\nWhat would be a cursive Japanese writing? Something that you would find on\nblackboards in lectures, class notes, posters, notes and so on.\n\nAre there good sources for learners for getting exposed to real texts written\nin it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-26T18:30:12.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65091",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-01-26T20:39:13.453",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "32725",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"handwriting"
],
"title": "\"Normal\" handwritten Japanese",
"view_count": 1165
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"Handwritten\" is usually translated 手書き _tegaki_ , for example\n\n> 手書きの手紙 _tegaki no tegami_ \n> a handwritten letter\n\n(see [ALC](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%e6%89%8b%e6%9b%b8%e3%81%8d&ref=sa)\nfor many more examples).\n\nOf course in handwriting, some characters are written less neat than the\nhandwriting standard, but there is no standard \"cursive\" handwriting as taught\nin schools with the Latin alphabet with rules how to connect one letter to the\nnext. (There is a [cursive\nscript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive_script_\\(East_Asia\\)), 草書\n_sōsho_ , but this belongs more to calligraphy than daily life handwriting.)\n\nSome letters are written different in handwriting than in print — think `a`\nvs. `ɑ` — notes on this are also contained in the [official list of _jōyō\nkanji_](http://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/pdf/joyokanjihyo_20101130.pdf)\n(see pp. 7–10). (There are fonts which show this called [教科書体\n_kyōkashotai_](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18782/1628).)\n\nHowever, to describe \"normal\" handwriting, I think 手書き is the most apt\ndescription. Finally, there are some [common shorthand\nforms](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11743/1628) for _kanji_ , which\nare referred to as 略字 _ryakuji_.",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
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{
"body": "There is a \"textbook handwriting style\" called 行書【ぎょうしょ】, which is taught at\nmiddle school. This is a rough equivalent of [English cursive\nstyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive#English). Not many people\nactively use beautiful 行書 these days, and it's difficult to write on\nblackboards. Still, understanding [how certain radicals are written in\n行書](http://daigotorena.moo.jp/lesson/bushu-hen2.htm) will help you read\nhandwritten Japanese.\n\nRelated: [Are there ways to write Japanese fast (like shortening the\nwords)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19824/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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65091
| null |
65095
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "65111",
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"body": "I am wondering about the way to write そそっかしい in kanji, and if this is\npossible. \nI've found that the な-adjective 粗忽｛そこつ｝, a word with very similar if not\nidentical meaning, can in less common cases be read 粗忽｛そそ｝ as well -- yet my\ngoogle searches do not seem to like 粗忽っかしい｛そそっかしい｝ at all!\n\nStill, since the meanings of these words are so much alike, I can't help but\nbe suspicious. Of course, I'm aware that そそっかしい is normally written in\nhiragana. But I am still curious about a connection with kanji, so if anyone\non here can enlighten me, I will be very happy.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-26T18:44:20.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65092",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T10:24:12.923",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14037",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology",
"readings"
],
"title": "Kanji of そそっかしい",
"view_count": 509
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I am wondering about the way to write そそっかしい in kanji, and if this is\n> possible. I've found that the な-adjective 粗忽そこつ, a word with very similar if\n> not identical meaning, can in less common cases be read 粗忽そそ as well -- yet\n> my google searches do not seem to like 粗忽そそっかしい at all!\n\nYour question was nice because I have never paid due attention to this word in\nKanji. [So I checked.](http://yuraika.com/sosokkashii/)\n\nThe above Yuraika.com, which tells us the etymological origin of a word, says,\n\n> 「そそっかしい」の漢字表記{かんじひょうき｝は不明｛ふめい｝\n>\n> It is unclear how we express そそっかしい in Kanji.\n\nAlthough as you found out 粗忽 as a Kanji version 「そそっかしい」、it is yet pronounced\nas 「そこつ」 but not 「そそっかしい」( [Dictionaries](http://www.manabu-\noshieru.com/kanji/nandoku/2/so/so001.html) say only **semantically same** not\nas a pronunciation. )\n\n## Conclusion\n\nThere is no Kanji for そそっかしい。\n\nThank you.",
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"creation_date": "2019-01-26T19:07:11.667",
"id": "65094",
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},
{
"body": "[This\nkotobank.jp](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%9D%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8B%E3%81%97%E3%81%84-314305)\nlink says that『日本国語大辞典』refers to a _kanji_ version of「そそっかしい」as「麁相かしい」, and\ngives a quote from the novel (section) 式亭三馬『浮世風呂・２・下』:\n\n> 私が一体麁相かしい性で\n\nHere's a page from『浮世風呂』(taken from\n[人文学オーペンデータ共同利用センター](http://codh.rois.ac.jp/iiif/iiif-curation-\nviewer/index.html?pages=200015779&pos=141)) with that quote highlighted:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kxH03.png)\n\nThis is my transcription:\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pPn0h.png)\n\nIf you believe that this _furigana_ says「[麁相]{そそっ}か」(refer to a [_hentaigana_\nchart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentaigana)), and trust the authority\nof『日本国語大辞典』, then「そそっかしい」can be written as「麁相かしい」.\n\n> In the『日本国語大辞典』entry, the only quote including「そそっかしい」which has _kanji_\n> is「麁相かしい」.\n>\n> Additionally, according to this dictionary,「そそっかしい」is actually just a\n> variant and is derived from「そそかしい」with the addition of the\n> [_sokuon_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon)「っ」. Under「そそかしい」, more\n> _kanji_ variants have been recorded, including\n>\n> * 『和英語林集成』(1867年初版): 「[粗粗]{そそ}かしい」\n> * 夏目漱石『明暗』: 「...彼を[忽卒]{そそか}しく」\n>\n\n>\n> _Thanks to @By137 for providing this info_\n\n* * *\n\n尾崎紅葉『金色夜叉』is another novel which possibly uses that reading:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XTTxX.png)\n\nMy transcription:\n\n> # [不相變麁相]{あひかはらずそ〻ツ}かしいね\n\n* * *\n\nIn both cases, it looks like「ツ」(or its very close _hentaigana_ equivalent「」,\n[U+1B06A](http://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=1B06A)) is used for\nwhat is now「っ」, which may have been common orthographic practice at that time\n(these two were written around 1800-1900).\n\nOf course, there might be other _kanji_ representations of「そそっかしい」used around\nthis era; many of these texts are not digitised (or properly checked after\ndigitisation) so they remain unsearchable on the web.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T17:08:23.357",
"id": "65111",
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"parent_id": "65092",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
65092
|
65111
|
65111
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65125",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is this ungrammatical?\n\n> 「飲んでいたりします」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T03:56:24.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65098",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T14:20:43.663",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T14:20:43.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "21826",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 「まだ食べたり、飲んだりしています。」and 「まだ食べたり、飲んでいたりします。」?",
"view_count": 275
}
|
[
{
"body": "In general, you should always use 食べたり飲んだりしています, which is the correct way to\napply the progressive ている to both verbs. Compare:\n\n> 彼女は食べたり飲んだりしています。 \n> She is eating and drinking.\n>\n> 彼女は食べたり飲んだりします。 \n> She (will) eat and drink.\n>\n> [?] 食べたり、飲んでいたりします。 \n> [?] She eats and is drinking.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T05:30:47.547",
"id": "65125",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T05:30:47.547",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65098",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65098
|
65125
|
65125
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65101",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I got the following sentence from Atashin'chi manga: それだけしかオカズがない, meaning\n\"there's only this on the okazu\" (Literally: \"Without this, the okazu doesn't\nexist)\n\nCan I create a similar sentence trying to use to same logic like \"一つ問題しか試験がない\"\nmeaning \"there is only one question on the test\" (Literally: \"Without one\nquestion, the test doesn't exist)?\n\nMy teacher said I can't but he couldn't explain why.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T04:41:25.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65099",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-27T15:44:17.573",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-27T14:11:48.183",
"last_editor_user_id": "32588",
"owner_user_id": "32588",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "しか[subject]がない meaning",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "How about thinking of it this way...\n\n[subject] が [quantity] ある。/ [quantity] [subject] がある。 \n↓ \n[subject] が [quantity] しかない。」/ [quantity] しか [subject] がない。\n\nSo you can say...\n\n> [おかず] が [これだけ] ある。/ [これだけ] [おかず] がある。 \n> \"There's this much okazu.\" \n> ↓ \n> [おかず] が [これだけ] しかない。/ [これだけ] しか [おかず] がない。 \n> \"There's only this much okazu.\"\n\nIn the same way...\n\n> [問題] が [ひとつ] ある。/ [ひとつ] [問題] がある。 \n> \"There's one question.\" \n> ↓ \n> [問題] が [ひとつ] しかない。/ [ひとつ] しか [問題] がない。 \n> \"There's only one question.\"\n\nSo.. for \"There is only one question on the test\", I think you can (literally)\nsay like...\n\n> 「試験/テストに、問題が一つしかない。」 \n> 「試験/テストに、一つしか問題がない。」\n\nOr maybe more naturally...\n\n> 「試験/テスト(の)問題が、一つしかない。」 \n> 「試験/テスト(の)問題が、[一問]{いちもん}しかない。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T08:50:17.870",
"id": "65101",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-27T15:44:17.573",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-27T15:44:17.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65099",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65099
|
65101
|
65101
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65135",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Honshū is the main island in Japan (so it could be called something like 大州 or\n広州). But it is also common in cosmogonies to say the gods created our land\nfirst and foremost, and the rest of the planet is just an afterthought to use\nup left-over materials, Honshū may then have been 元州. Related questions: How\nold is the name, what is the source?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T08:33:35.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65100",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T09:11:05.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"history"
],
"title": "What is the etymology of Honshū (本州)?",
"view_count": 243
}
|
[
{
"body": "> But it is also common in cosmogonies to say the gods created our land first\n> and foremost, and the rest of the planet is just an afterthought to use up\n> left-over materials, Honshū may then have been 元州.\n\nInterestingly, according to the traditional legends, _Honshū_ was created\n**last** out of the [eight\nislands](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%B3%B6).\n\nThe earliest references to「本州」I could find dates back to the early 19th\ncentury. For example,「本州」shows up in a book published in 1833\n[小原桃洞『桃洞遺筆』](https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=bbRiAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP366&dq=%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi985XQ84_gAhUYVH0KHT0GD7c4ChC7BQgsMAA#v=onepage&q=%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E&f=false).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fs1tP.png)\n\nI think the name\n[秋津州](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E6%B4%A5%E5%B3%B6) was more\ncommon until the turn of the 18th century. Here's an excerpt from the Japanese\nhistory book [_Tokushi Yoron_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokushi_Yoron)\n([新井白石『讀史餘論』](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100057715)), written in\n1712 (although this version was published in 1876):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nSMFt.png)\n\n* * *\n\nSo, the name「本州」might only be in widespread use since 200~250 years ago. I\nthink the etymology of「本州」should be just taken at face value: _main_ 「本」\n_island_ 「州」; it is, after all, the biggest island with the most population\nand probably where most historical events of Japan took place.\n\nI would expect「本州」to have a native poetic/literary/archaic Japanese reading,\nrather than just the _on'yomi_ **ほんしゅう** , if「本州」was a representation used\nsince ancient times.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T08:38:49.590",
"id": "65135",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T09:11:05.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "65100",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65100
|
65135
|
65135
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65106",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I just got genki 2 and I don't understand what it means about なら. I heard it\nmeant \"if\" from Tae Kim but it says\n\n> A statement of the form \"noun A なら predicate X\" says that the predicate X\n> applies only to A and is not more generally valid. The main ideas of a なら\n> sentence, in other words, are contrast (as in Situation 1) and limitation\n> (as in Situation 2)\n\nI have no idea what that's supposed to mean. It makes me feel like I don't\nspeak english.\n\n> Situation 1 - Q: ブラジルに行ったことがありますか。Have you ever been to Brazil? A:\n> チリなら行ったことがありますが、ブラジルは行ったことがありません。\n\nSo I guess thats supposed to be the one where it contrasts. I understand the\nsecond situation because it is just \"if\" but I don't understand the point of\nit in this one.\n\nIs it supposed to emphasise that he's only been to Chile and not Brazil? Does\nit make that much of a difference if the なら isn't there?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T10:36:13.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65104",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T08:16:23.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32731",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does なら mean in this sentence? I don't understand",
"view_count": 1199
}
|
[
{
"body": "Without なら in that sentence, literally it still means \"I have been to Chile,\nbut not Brazil.\" But, the other party will be confused and think to himself,\n\"I'm not asking about Chile, I'm asking about Brazil\".\n\nIf you add なら, it adds the nuance or context that Chile is somehow related to\nBrazil in some way. Maybe because the culture or language is similar?\n\nIt also means, if you asked me about Chile, then yes I have been there. But,\nI've never been to Brazil.\n\nSorry, if my explanation is not based on grammatical correctness, but that's\nthe function of なら in that sentence.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T12:49:43.317",
"id": "65105",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-27T12:59:46.950",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-27T12:59:46.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "17410",
"owner_user_id": "17410",
"parent_id": "65104",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "I am afraid my answer will be a bit clumsy.\n\n> Situation 1 - Q: ブラジルに行ったことがありますか。Have you ever been to Brazil? A:\n> チリなら行ったことがありますが、ブラジルは行ったことがありません。\n\nYes, this conversation **could** make if ~ sentence.\n\n> Q Have you ever been to Brazil? A : If it is Chile, Yes. **but** I have\n> never been to Brazil.\n\nI think what you are missing or seem to be confused at is the existence of the\nconjunctive particle, が，whose function reverses or changes the former\nstatement.\n\nSo, here, **with the conditional type of the auxiliary だ ( = なら )** and\ntogether with the conjunctive particle が、the sentence is making If **** Chile,\nbut not been to Brazil. ( As mentioned above. )\n\nAnd\n\n> Is it supposed to emphasise that he's only been to Chile and not Brazil?\n\nYes, it is.\n\nAnd\n\n> Does it make that much of a difference if the なら isn't there?\n\nYou can replace なら with the combination of particles such as には、or auxiliaries\ncombination such as であれば。 For instance,\n\n> チリには行ったことがありますが、ブラジルは行ったことがありません。( same meaning ) ( Here the conjunctive\n> particle が strongly affects the sentence. )\n>\n> チリであれば行ったことがありますが、ブラジルは行ったことがありません。 ( Also here the conjunctive particle が\n> strongly is affecting. )\n\nPlease give me a feedback should you not understand mine.\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T13:09:12.297",
"id": "65106",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-27T18:40:42.693",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-27T18:40:42.693",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65104",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "なら is the informal, conversational contraction of ならば. And that is simply the\nconditional form of the verb/copula だ. Much like 食べれば is to 食べる. Well, that is\na simplification because it's a connecting word that has a life of its own.\nConsidering the relationship to だ, even if it is only historic, is helpful.\n\nXだ。 → It is X.\n\nXなら(ば)、Y。 → if it is X, Y.\n\nThat speaker is conveying something like \"If it were Chile (you had asked me\nabout), then yes, but Brazil, no.\"\n\nなら applies no nominalized clauses as well.\n\nXのだ。→ It is the case that X.\n\nXのなら、Y。 → If it is the case that X, Y.\n\nThe の usually disappears:\n\n愛してるなら、行かないで。If (it is really the case that) you love me, don't go.\n\nSpeaking of だ and conditionals; there is a ~たら form of だ also, which is simply\nだったら, following the usual pattern of the past tense + ら. So there arises a\nsimilar question between choosing なら(ば) and だったら as between the えば and たら of\nany verb. Sometimes they can be interchanged. In this case, that person could\nhave answered チリ **だったら** 行ったことがありますが、ブラジルは行ったことがありません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T08:11:12.633",
"id": "65133",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T08:16:23.437",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T08:16:23.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "1266",
"owner_user_id": "1266",
"parent_id": "65104",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65104
|
65106
|
65105
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I’d like to confirm my theory that 来い at the end of a sentence can be\ncolloquially contracted to け. I met this sentence in a comics:\n\n> 置いてけ。\n\nA meaning “Leave it here!” would be very appropriate there. So I suggest that\nthe copula at the end is an imperative こい as mentioned\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/63131/meaning-\nof-%E3%81%97%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8A%E9%A0%91%E5%BC%B5%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%93%E3%81%84/63192#63192).\n\nAm I right? Thanks!",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T13:47:47.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65107",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-27T14:33:00.953",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-27T14:31:48.607",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"contractions",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "け as a contraction of 来い",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[] |
65107
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've read that が is the particle used when asking a question, but then I see\nsentences like 一番好きな本はなんですか or 一番いい先生はだれですか.\n\nIs there a reason why が is not used in this type of sentence, or is the rule\nre: が in a question sentence just a vague guideline?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T14:32:18.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65108",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-27T17:34:22.983",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-27T15:20:59.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "32732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Can you use the が particle in a sentence asking 何ですか?",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you have misunderstood the advice you were given. It is not true that\nが must be used in questions or that は cannot be. But because interrogative\nwords like なに, だれ, etc. refer to undefined objects, it does not make sense to\nuse the topic particle は with them. So if they are the subject of the\nsentence, then they _must_ be marked with が rather than は. I believe this is\nall they were trying to get at.\n\nFor example:\n\n> × だれ **は** 電球を発明したの。 \n> ○ だれ **が** 電球を発明したの。\n\nThe question can, however, be rephrased as\n\n> 電球を発明したの **は** だれ\n\nwithout any problem.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T17:34:22.983",
"id": "65112",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-27T17:34:22.983",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "65108",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65108
| null |
65112
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65127",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, this is the sentence I have come across:\n\nでも、マルーシャは、少しもいやがらずに働きました。\n\nI understand that Marusha worked without hesitating. I would like, however, to\nunderstand the grammar behind it. I have looked for the meaning of いやがらずに\nwithout success. Can you help me translate it?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T16:06:20.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65109",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T05:55:42.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "what is the meaning of いやがらずに?",
"view_count": 87
}
|
[
{
"body": "嫌がらずに is not listed in dictionaries because it's a combination of several\nwords including an inflected verb.\n\n * 嫌がる: a common godan verb, \"to show hatred/discontent\", \"to hate\"\n * 嫌がらず: \"not to hate\", a literary negative-form of 嫌がる.\n * ず + に: \"without -ing\", see the linked question.\n\nSo 嫌がらずに just means \"without hating\" (or more verbosely, \"without showing any\nsign of discontent\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T05:55:42.653",
"id": "65127",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T05:55:42.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65109",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65109
|
65127
|
65127
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "きさまがこの時代に来てタマゴからそうなるまで3年間かかったのは...?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T16:34:51.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65110",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T12:42:26.900",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T12:42:26.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "31845",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nominalization",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "What is the function of のは in this question?",
"view_count": 207
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is an \"incomplete\" [cleft\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010), and that のは is\npart of the grammar of cleft sentences. Do you understand the following\nsimpler example of cleft sentence used to emphasize the reason?\n\n> そこに山があるから、彼は山に登る。 \n> He climbs because a mountain is there.\n>\n> 彼が山に登る **のは** 、そこに山があるからだ。 \n> It is because a mountain is there that he climbs.\n\nAnd the sentence in question is an incomplete version of this grammar. The\nspeaker left the latter half of the sentence (the reason part) unsaid,\nprobably because he is expecting the other party will continue his sentence\nand explain the matter. In other words, it's like ending an English sentence\nwith \"because...\".\n\n> 彼が山に登る **のは** … \n> He climbs, _because_...\n>\n> きさまがこの時代に来てタマゴからそうなるまで3年間かかった **のは**...? \n> So, after coming to this era, you spent three years to transform from the\n> egg form to that form, _and that's because_...?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T05:45:35.873",
"id": "65126",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T06:16:37.937",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T06:16:37.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65110",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65110
| null |
65126
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "の can be used as a noun with a relative clause in what appears to be two\nseparate situations.\n\n 1. Referring to a thing or person, e.g. '来たのは田中です。' ('The one who came is Tanaka.')\n\n 2. Nominalizing a verb (as does こと), e.g. '田中が来たのを見た。' ('I saw that Tanaka came.') This can be interpreted as 'the fact that...' or 'the event that...'. (This is probably what gave rise to のに and ので.)\n\nHow close are these grammatically and historically? For instance, two\ninstances of the same bit of grammar, or superficially similar but really\ncoming from quite different places?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T17:38:01.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65113",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T07:03:05.357",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-27T17:42:24.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"etymology",
"history",
"relative-clauses",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "の: nominalization vs. 'the one that...'",
"view_count": 246
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you're getting confused by the differences in the English\ntranslations. The function of nominalizing の in both of your examples is\nidentical: it nominalizes the preceding verbal phrase.\n\nEnglish requires various coordinating pieces to connect phrases, things like\n\"that\" and \"the one who\". The の works a bit like these coordinating pieces in\nEnglish.\n\nThis use of の might become more clear by mixing things up a bit and generating\nmore examples.\n\n * 来たのは田中です。 \n * Came `[NOM]` `[TOP]` Tanaka `[COPULA]` → The came is Tanaka → The one who came is Tanaka\n * 田中が来たのを見た。 \n * Tanaka `[SUB]` came `[NOM]` `[OBJ]` saw → `[I]` saw `[that]` Tanaka came\n * 遅く来たのは問題なかった。 \n * Late came `[NOM]` `[TOP]` problem wasn't → It wasn't a problem `[that]` `[someone]` came late\n * アプリを開かずに通知が来たのが分かるように設定する \n * Application `[OBJ]` not opening `[INSTRUMENTAL]` notification `[SUB]` came `[NOM]` `[SUB]` understand way `[INSTRUMENTAL]` setting do → Configuring `[so that]` `[you]` know `[that]` a notification has come without opening the application",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T05:34:29.077",
"id": "65154",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T05:34:29.077",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "65113",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65113
| null |
65154
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65170",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The original sentence was interrogative and used「AはBよりC」construction in it\n\n> 九州では東京よりさくらが早くさきますか。\n\nI could have written something, using simpler constructions but I decided to\nuse the construction with 「同じ」, and faced some troubles.\n\nFirst off, I didn't know where to put 「さくら」 and 「早く」. I've tried some variants\nbut decided to write it this way since it looked to me like the most correct\none:\n\n> **いいえ、東京ではさくらが九州と同じ早くさきます。**\n>\n> Edited: いいえ、東京ではさくら **は** 九州と同じ **くらい** 早くさきます。\n\nOthers are:\n\n> 東京と九州と同じさくらが早くさきます。\n>\n> 東京と九州とさくらが同じ早くさきます。\n\nand I believe that they are incorrect.\n\nSecond off, I wonder if I can change the topic of the sentence by replacing\none city with another. What I wanted to do is to **put some kind of an\nemphasis on the fact that Tokyo's sakura blossom does not differ from Kyushu's\nand starts at almost the same time.** Was it successful? And can I actually do\nso? Can I change the topic of the answer from 「九州」 to 「東京」even though the\ntopic of the question is 「九州」?\n\nAlso, I'd like to know the function of 「で」 here. I know that 「noun + で + verb」\nmeans, that the noun is the place where an action is/was taking place, but I'm\nnot sure about it when it's combined with は. Does it mean that the place of\naction IS THE TOPIC and does it put emphasis on this very place?\n\nP.S. I understand that Kyushu's sakura blossom is more likely to happen\nearlier because the island lies to the south of Japan, whereas Tokyo is almost\nin the middle, but what if we imagine that it's possible? Can I answer the\nquestion by replacing 「九州」 with 「東京」, making 「東京」be in the first place?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T19:34:28.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65114",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T14:31:47.370",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T20:17:12.747",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-で",
"word-order",
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "Word order in a comparative sentence",
"view_count": 319
}
|
[
{
"body": "> The original sentence was interrogative and used「AはBよりC」construction in it \n> 九州では東京よりさくらが早くさきますか。 \n> I could have written something, using simpler constructions but I decided\n> to use the construction with 「同じ」\n\nIn that case I think it'd be natural to respond using 「同じころに」(\"at around the\nsame time\"), not 「同じくらい早く」(\"as early as\"), like this:\n\n> 「いいえ、九州では(orでも)、東京 **と同じころに** 桜が咲きます。」 \n> 「いいえ、九州では(orでも)、桜は東京 **と同じころに** 咲きます。」 \n> or just: 「いいえ、（九州と東京とでは、桜は） **同じころに** 咲きます。」\n\nDepending on the context, you could respond like 「九州では、東京 **と同じくらい早く**\n桜が咲きます。」/「九州でも、桜は東京 **と同じくらい早く** 咲きます。」, but these would imply that Kyushu and\nTokyo's sakura starts earlier than other places, rather than just saying\nKyushu's sakura and Tokyo's sakura start at the same time.\n\n「九州と **同じ早く** 咲きます」 is grammatically incorrect, since 「同じ」(\"same\") can modify\na noun (eg. ◎「同じ人」\"the same person\" ◎「同じころ」\"the same time\" ◎「同じくらい」\"the same\ndegree\") but not an adjective, adverb or verb (eg.\n×「同じ大きい」×「同じ早い/早く」×「同じ咲きます」). 「同じさくら」 would mean \"the same (kind of) sakura\".\n\n* * *\n\n> Second off, I wonder if I can change the topic of the sentence by replacing\n> one city with another. What I wanted to do is to put some kind of an\n> emphasis on the fact that Tokyo's sakura blossom does not differ from\n> Kyushu's and starts at almost the same time. Was it successful? And can I\n> actually do so? Can I change the topic of the answer from 「九州」 to 「東京」even\n> though the topic of the question is 「九州」?\n\nIt's not natural to reply 「 **東京では** 、九州と同じ...」 to the question 「 **九州では**\n東京より...？」. To start the answer with 東京, I can think of a response using\n「～のほうが」 , but the meaning should be different:\n\n> 「いいえ、東京 **のほうが** （九州より桜が）早く咲きます。」\n\n* * *\n\n> Also, I'd like to know the function of 「で」 here. I know that 「noun + で +\n> verb」 means, that the noun is the place where an action is/was taking place,\n> but I'm not sure about it when it's combined with は. Does it mean that the\n> place of action IS THE TOPIC and does it put emphasis on this very place?\n\nThe は in a sentence that starts with 「[Place]では、～～」 can be the topic particle\n(i.e. the place of an action is the topic), as well as the contrastive\nparticle. Whether an emphasis is put on the place or not would depend on the\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T04:12:07.447",
"id": "65170",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T14:31:47.370",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-30T14:31:47.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65114",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65114
|
65170
|
65170
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65118",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was studying minna no nihongo 2 中級 and this sentence appeared in the middle\nof a text. I don't quite understand it. Just the general idea.\n\n> ロボコンによる教育は、生徒たちを精神的に成長させる人間教育 **としても** 注目されるようになった。\n\nThis \"としても\" confused me. What does this sentence mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-27T20:23:35.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65115",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T02:22:56.367",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T00:45:54.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32734",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can someone help me translate this sentence?",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "Maybe you're thinking of としても as \"even if~\". Here you should think of it as\nとして+も. 「Noun+として」 has several meanings and in your example it means \"as~\" or\n\"in the role of~\". も here means \"also\".\n\nThe basic structure of the sentence is...\n\n> 「XXは、YY **としても** 注目されるようになった。」 \n> \"XX came to be noticed **also as** YY.\" / \"XX came to draw attention **as**\n> YY **as well**.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T02:22:56.367",
"id": "65118",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T02:22:56.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "65115",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65115
|
65118
|
65118
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65124",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: in the manga\n[リクドウ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6),\nthe boxer that will win the Level A Tournament will get the chance to\nchallenge the Japanese champion. Some journalists are interviewing the\nchampion about this and one asks him if he is keeping an eye on one of the\nparticipants:\n\n> Journalist: 注目―――又は警戒しているボクサーはいますか？\n>\n> Champion: …俺のキャリアの中で今のライト級は… 黄金期と言える程選手が揃っていると思います むしろトーナメント勢の連中に **同情**\n> しますねェ…\n\nI know that 同情する means \"to sympathize with, to feel bad for\", but considering\nthe context, I am a bit confused. Does he mean that he feels sorry for them\nbecause fighting in such a golden era will be hard for them?\n\nWhat confuses me even more, is that むしろ. Does it express a contrast to what he\nhas said before?\n\n[Here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lo4w2.jpg) you can see the whole page. Thank\nyou for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T00:19:33.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65117",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T05:25:57.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"manga",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "How to interpret 同情 in the following sentence",
"view_count": 88
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think your observation is correct. The champion is feeling bad for the\nトーナメント勢の連中 because they have to defeat too many rivals before they can\nchallenge him. And yes, むしろ is _rather_. He said it because the golden era is\na good thing for many people but it's not really a good thing for the players\nthemselves.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T05:25:57.827",
"id": "65124",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T05:25:57.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65117",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65117
|
65124
|
65124
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65122",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm attempting to read a book and I don't understand the grammar 100% here.\n\n> ジャックはもうすぐ九歳。本を読んだり、自然を観察したりするのが大好きな男の子だ。\n\nOverall, I believe it means:\n\n> Jack will soon be 9 years old. A lovable boy that reads and watches nature.\n\nBut, I don't understand why the second sentence does not end like:\n\n> 本を読んだり、自然を観察したりする大好きな男の子だ。(No が particle at all\n>\n> A lovable boy who reads and watches nature.\n>\n> OR\n>\n> 大好きな男の子が本を読んだり、自然を観察したりする。(が particle moved to the front)\n>\n> A lovable boy that reads and watches nature.\n\nHow does the grammar work on the second sentence here? I know that\n本を読んだり、自然を観察したりする is being nominalized and then it becomes a noun, which makes\nit usable by が. But I do not understand how its connection with 大好きな男の子 works.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T04:11:40.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65119",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T02:29:21.573",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Nominalized verb and connection to noun after が particle",
"view_count": 253
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you've misunderstood the sentence because of the ambiguities in the\nform `Aが好きなBだ`.\n\nFor example,\n\n> 犬が好きな人だ\n\ncan mean both that `(I am) a person that likes dogs` as well as `(I am) a\nperson that dogs like` depending on the context (although I think it's most\nlikely to be interpreted in the former way).\n\nHowever,\n\n> 寿司が好きな人だ\n\ncan only mean `(I am) a person that likes sushi`. After all, it would be\ncompletely ridiculous that sushi could have the willpower to like a person\nunless this was some weird science fiction.\n\nYour example is similar to this latter example. It would be absurd if the act\nof reading books/watching nature could love a person.\n\nTherefore, the only way the second sentence can be understood is as:\n\n> A boy that loves to read books and watch nature.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T05:07:01.670",
"id": "65122",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T18:41:58.033",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T18:41:58.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "65119",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
65119
|
65122
|
65122
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65123",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen in subtitle of a tv show \"ただ飲み足りないだけ\"\n\nI know there is に足りる form to mean \"to be enough\" but it should have been\n飲むに足りない.\n\nIs there any other grammar point I am missing?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T04:19:24.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65120",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T05:17:18.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the grammar behind 飲み足りる?",
"view_count": 620
}
|
[
{
"body": "Grammatically, it's a [_compound verb_\n(複合動詞)](https://db4.ninjal.ac.jp/vvlexicon/en/). `pre-masu-form + 足りる` means\n\"to V enough\" or \"to V to one's heart's content\". The following compounds are\nused, although they may not be listed in all dictionaries.\n\n * 食べ足りる (5 hits on BCCWJ) ・ 食い足りる\n * 飲み足りる (18 hits on BCCWJ)\n * 寝足りる (6 hits on BCCWJ)\n * し足りる ・ やり足りる\n\nThese may not be very formal, but they are not particularly slangy to me,\neither.\n\n満ち足りる is another compound verb that should be listed in any dictionary.\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, `attributive-form + に + 足りる` means \"to be worth V-ing\" or \"to be\ngood enough to V\" rather than \"to V enough\". 飲むに足りる means \"to be worth\ndrinking\".\n\n> 飲むに足りない日本酒 \n> _sake_ that is not worth drinking",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T05:17:18.733",
"id": "65123",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T05:17:18.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65120",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65120
|
65123
|
65123
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My online language class taught us how to reply with our age(s) in a sentence.\nWe were also told that you could reply with \"naisho\" meaning secret if you\nweren't going to provide your age. However, I've not seen anywhere that uses\nthis term in a sentence. How do say this correctly in Japanese and not just\nuse a one word response of naisho? Such as \"my age is a secret.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T04:24:03.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65121",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T06:10:25.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32742",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"phrases",
"sentence"
],
"title": "\"My age is a secret\"",
"view_count": 1051
}
|
[
{
"body": "内緒【ないしょ】 (naisho) functions as a simple noun (although it also works as a so-\ncalled \"no-adjective\"). You already know how to say \"This is a pen\" or \"I am a\nstudent\" in Japanese, right? Then you can employ the exact same grammar.\n\n> 私【わたし】の年【とし】は内緒【ないしょ】です。 \n> My age is a secret.\n\nThis is the \"full\" sentence, but people usually do not bother to repeat the\ntopic (私の年) when it has been already clearly indicated in the previous\nquestion:\n\n> 内緒です。 \n> (It's) a secret.\n\nAnd in casual speech, です is often omitted. So actually a one-word response is\nnot bad in this case:\n\n> 内緒。 \n> (It's) a secret.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T06:10:25.593",
"id": "65128",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T06:10:25.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65121",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
65121
| null |
65128
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65132",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: a boxer is giving \"advice\" to another boxer and his girlfriend. He\nsays:\n\n> 戦う前にイチャつくとぜって〜モチベに影響するからな―― \n> 彼女[と]【・】は **足に来る** からそれも要注意な 風俗体験記\n\nAfter this, the boxer laughs and the girl blushes. I don't know how to\ninterpret 足に来る, so I can't understand the joke. On Kenkyusha dictionary I\nfound this example:\n\n> 疲れが足に来る one's feet show the effects of fatigue.\n\nBut in the sentence in question there's no noun+が before 足, so I don't know if\nthis is the right meaning. Also, why is that と stressed?\n\nNote that the boxer that is speaking is a 素人童貞, a man who has never had sex\nexcept with sex workers.\n\n[Here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TAAyb.jpg) you can see the whole page. Thank\nyou for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T07:02:40.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65131",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T08:11:24.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"manga",
"jokes"
],
"title": "Meaning of 足に来る in sexual joke",
"view_count": 252
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes that is 疲れが足に来る, literally \"fatigue coming to the legs\". We also commonly\nsay 腰に来る and 首に来る without explicitly saying 疲れが. Of course 頭に来る means\nsomething different.\n\nIf I understand the context correctly (the speaker is a heavy 風俗 user), と is\nemphasized probably because leg fatigue happens only in the case of 彼女とする\n(\"having fun _together with_ a girl\", i.e. intercourse), as opposed to\n彼女がする/彼女にしてもらう (i.e. acts/services in which a man doesn't have to move).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T07:34:02.477",
"id": "65132",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T08:11:24.417",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T08:11:24.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65131",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65131
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65132
|
65132
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65145",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I got the wrong answer when playing the 'JLPT Taisen' japanese game. The\nquestion is: \"田中さんとは、学校を_____以来、会っていない\". I think the answer is \"卒業した\", but\n\"卒業して\" is correct.\n\nPlease teach me why?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HYR0f.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T08:27:52.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65134",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-20T02:05:05.723",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-20T02:05:05.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "32745",
"owner_user_id": "32745",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "「卒業して以来」と「卒業した以来」どちらが正しいですか？",
"view_count": 2274
}
|
[
{
"body": "「~て以来」 is a set phrase. You just use it like that. It means \"since + (an\naction described by a verbal sentence)\". \n[https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n2-grammar-ていらい-te-\nirai/](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%84-te-irai/)\n\n「~た以来」does not have any sense. It is not possible to precede 以来 with a verb in\nthe ~た form.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T19:02:46.057",
"id": "65145",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T19:22:53.303",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T19:22:53.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "1319",
"owner_user_id": "1319",
"parent_id": "65134",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65134
|
65145
|
65145
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65143",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While doing introductionary courses of Japanese, I stumble on a fact that\naffrights me about the difficulty of the language.\n\nWhen congratulating each other around a drink: `乾杯` the Kanji `乾` is\npronounced `かん` `Kan`, which I think is directly coming from Chinese for `干杯`\n`GanBei` .\n\nBut when dealing with the fact of being dry: `乾いてます` , then `乾` is pronounced\n`かわい` `Kawai`.\n\nIs it common for Kanjis to have several pronunciations ? Or is it some kind of\nrare exception ?\n\nIn case it is common for Kanjis to have several pronunciations, what is a\ncommon way for learners to remember those differences ?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T13:09:46.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65137",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-07T13:24:19.803",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-07T13:24:19.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "2890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Is it common for Kanjis to have several pronunciations like for 乾?",
"view_count": 219
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, it is very common. You can tell from the context: on-yomi is most often\nused in combinations of Kanji ; kun-yomi is most often used when Kanji is\nfollowed by Hiragana. There are exceptions ; you have to remember all the most\ncommon cases. There might sometimes also be some ambiguous cases. \nFinally I'd add that for people name (given names), you often cannot know how\nto pronounce their name if you only see it written in Kanji, since a name\nKanji can have several pronunciations parents choose from when naming the\nchildren.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T18:54:03.863",
"id": "65143",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T18:54:03.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1319",
"parent_id": "65137",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65137
|
65143
|
65143
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65150",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 日本海側では太平洋側より雪がたくさん降りますか。\n>\n> はい、日本海側の方 **が** 雪がたくさん降ります。\n\nSo, can I use 2 が in 1 sentence, or can there be only one? And which one\nshould stay there?\n\nAs I learned yesterday, since 雪 was already mentioned in the question, the 2nd\nが can (or must) be changed to は but I'm not sure. Also, is there a need to\nkeep any of particles there (I mean after 雪)? Would 「はい、日本海側の方 **が**\n雪たくさん降ります」be incorrect?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T13:55:29.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65138",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T03:38:37.147",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-29T00:09:01.840",
"last_editor_user_id": "32464",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "What is available amount of が in one sentence?",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Since 雪 was already mentioned in the question, the 2nd が can (or must) be\n> changed to は\n\nYes that would be the first rule you learn regarding the が/は distinction, but\nunfortunately, there are more rules to consider. See this question for a\nstarter: [What's the difference between wa (は) and ga\n(が)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010)\n\nIn a simple sentence, there can be two は's when **contrastive-は** is involved,\nand there can be two が's when **exhaustive listing-が** is involved:\n\n> 彼は英語ができます。 \n> He can speak English.\n\n> 彼は英語 **は** できます。 (bold: contrastive-は) \n> He (at least) can speak _English_ (but he has a certain shortcoming).\n\n> 彼 **が** 英語ができます。 (bold: exhaustive-listing-が) \n> (Among them,) It is he who can speak English.\n\nIn your example, 日本海側 **は** 雪 **が** たくさん降ります is the neutral sentence which\nshould be said when there is no prior context. But in this context you are\ncomparing two regions, so exhaustive-listing-が should be used in place of the\nplain thematic-は.\n\n> 日本海側は雪がたくさん降ります。 \n> On the Sea of Japan side, we get a lot of snow. \n> (Use this if there is no prior context.)\n\n> 日本海側 **が** 雪がたくさん降ります。 \n> It is on the Sea of Japan side that we get a lot of snow. \n> (Use this as a reply for your initial question.)\n\n> 日本海側 **が** 雪 **は** たくさん降ります。 \n> Regarding snow, we get a lot of it on the Sea of Japan side. \n> (This is also fine as a reply, but now you're changing the topic from 日本海側で\n> to 雪. In other words, if you feel the current topic is \"Where does it snow\n> in Japan\" rather than \"What is the meteorological difference between the two\n> sides of Japan\", you can say this.)\n\nFinally, of course there can be lots of が's in compound or complex sentences\n(e.g., sentences that have relative clauses, sentences with multiple clauses\njoined with te-form, etc).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T03:13:59.863",
"id": "65150",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T03:38:37.147",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-29T03:38:37.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65138",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65138
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65150
|
65150
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65146",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've got a sentence which, I believe, has to be translated in Japanese using\n\"Aの方がC\" construction.\n\n> Anna learns Japanese more (than for example English)\n\nCan I translate it as 「アンナは日本語の方をたくさん勉強します」?\n\nOr is it possible to write it this way: 「アンナは日本語の方がたくさんを勉強します」？\n\nUPD: I might've misinterpreted the sentence due to wrong emphasis, since the\noriginal sentence is in Russian.\n\n> **Anna** learns Japanese more (than somebody else)\n\nSo, basically, it is 「アンナの方が日本語をたくさん勉強します」\n\nBut what if the emphasis was on **Japanese**?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T14:57:42.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65139",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T20:39:27.367",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T15:15:31.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "32464",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Can が be interchanged with を？",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[
{
"body": "> アンナは日本語の方をたくさん勉強します。\n\nThis sentence is fine.\n\n> xアンナは日本語の方がたくさんを勉強します。\n\nThis sentence has two problems.\n\n 1. You have 日本語の方 as the subject (marked by が) of 勉強する, but it is not the **Japanese** that is doing the studying; it is Anna.\n 2. You have たくさん as the object (marked by を) of 勉強する, but Anna is studying **Japanese**. She is not studying たくさん.\n\n> アンナの方が日本語をたくさん勉強します。\n\nThis sentence is fine.\n\nYou ask \"But what if the emphasis was on Japanese?\". I think you answered that\nwith your first translation, didn't you?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T20:39:27.367",
"id": "65146",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T20:39:27.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "65139",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65139
|
65146
|
65146
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65142",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've read today the sentence:\n\n> お母さんにどなられても，しかられても，羊のように黙って言うことを聞きました。\n\nThe part I understand says that even if she was screamed at or scolded by the\nmother, like a sheep...\n\nNow, I can't find a translation for the rest of the sentence. I now the girl\nin the context listen to something but I couldn't find a translation for\n黙って言うこと.\n\nWhat does it mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T16:24:30.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65141",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-30T06:37:49.647",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-28T16:55:28.087",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Is 黙って言うこと a set phrase?",
"view_count": 207
}
|
[
{
"body": "黙っていうことを聞く means \"acquiesce\", so she acquiesced in what her mother said like a\nsheep.\n\nThis 黙って means 文句を言わずに(without complaining) and いうことを聞く means 従う(follow). It\nwould be rephresed as \"She followed what her mother said without complaining\nlike a sheep\".",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T18:02:40.283",
"id": "65142",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-28T18:02:40.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "65141",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65141
|
65142
|
65142
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65152",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> おかしな服{ふく}を着{き}た連中{れんちゅう} **には我慢{がまん}がならん。** \n> He couldn't bear folk who wore strange clothes.\n\nMy translation comes from the obvious context, plus the fact that Jisho says\nof ならん \"Cannot bear not to\". But I can't understand how it works. Should I\njust learn に(は)我慢がならん as a set phrase, or can the parts be understood\nseparately?\n\nMy thought was that ならん may be a contraction of ならない (which seemed like a good\nidea because に always pairs up with なる). But then I literally have: Xには我慢がならん\n= patience does not become X. Which makes no sense.\n\nCould you show me some other example using ならん? Do they have to use 我慢?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-28T22:27:34.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65147",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-18T23:12:29.040",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-18T23:12:29.040",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "The grammar of Xには我慢がならん",
"view_count": 322
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, ならん is colloquialism for ならぬ, which is a literary/older version of ならない.\nPractically, you should learn 我慢(が)ならない as a set phrase meaning \"unbearable\".\nWe never say 我慢がなる. This ない is obviously a negation marker, but there are\nseveral fixed expressions where ない has been almost incorporated in a single\nadjective.\n\nOther examples:\n\n * 鼻持ちならない / 鼻持ちならぬ / 鼻持ちならん\n * 聞き捨てならない / 聞き捨てならぬ / 聞き捨てならん\n * やんごとない\n * 不甲斐ない\n * やむない\n\nIf you want to understand the なる part etymologically, this 成る【なる】 means\nsomething like \"to do/accomplish\" rather than \"to become\" (cf.\n[為せば成る](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%82%BA%E3%81%9B%E3%81%B0%E6%88%90%E3%82%8B)).\nならぬ/ならん by itself can mean \"that's impossible\" or \"don't do it\".\n\nAnd also note that this 着た is not \"who wore\" but \"wearing\". See: [Use of かける\n(N5 question)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29671/5010)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T04:45:43.420",
"id": "65152",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T04:51:28.370",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-29T04:51:28.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65147",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65147
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65152
|
65152
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65153",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've came across this kanji when reading this fantasy light novel,\n**黒【こく】瞳【どう】** (the furigana was also in the book), but I can't seem to find\nthe meaning.\n\nI've searched for it in both english and japanese but could not find it.\n\nI know \"黒 means black\" and \"瞳 means pupil\", So maybe I'm supposed to think\nthat this means \"black pupil\"?! But google image only shows black pupils/eyes\nif I type 黒い瞳.\n\nFor context, the following line contains that word in the book (where a girl's\nappearence is being described):\n\n> 背中にかかるほど長い髪も、露出の少ない肌も目を奪われるほど白く、細い肢体を包む喪服のような漆黒のドレスと、高い知性を窺わせる\n> **黒【こく】瞳【どう】** だけが、幻のように儚げな少女の実在を証明している。\n\nFrom that whole line, the only thing I can't understand is 「高い知性を窺わせる黒瞳」...\n**Black eyes that make you presume she's super intelligent**?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T04:39:11.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65151",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T05:12:51.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "What does 黒瞳 means?",
"view_count": 223
}
|
[
{
"body": "Someone who owns a huge dictionary may find an entry for it, but perhaps a\nmore important fact is that most Japanese speakers (including myself) do not\nrecognize it as a standalone word. I am aware of no reason why having black\npupils can suggest high intelligence. A quick google search gave nothing,\neither. The basic meaning (\"black eyes\") is self-explanatory, and I think most\nnative speakers will read on without even wondering.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T05:06:54.740",
"id": "65153",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T05:12:51.483",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-29T05:12:51.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65151",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65151
|
65153
|
65153
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65158",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "選ぶ means 'to choose' and 手 means 'hand' or by extension 'ability'. I don't see\nhow this can yield 'athlete'. Is 選 ateji?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T07:03:23.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65157",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T07:17:45.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the etymology of 選手 (senshu)?",
"view_count": 216
}
|
[
{
"body": "A dictionary definition of 選手 is\n\n> スポーツで選{えら}ばれて競技{きょうぎ}に出場{しゅつじょう}する人\n>\n> A person chosen to appear in a sports competition\n\nSo, 選 expresses 選ばれる, and 手 expresses the person in question.\n\nYou noted that 手 means \"hand,\" and by extension \"ability,\" but it's also, by\neven further extension, the person who possesses that ability.\n\nYou can see this in words like 運転手{うんてんしゅ} (driver) and 歌手{かしゅ} (singer) as\nwell.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T07:11:24.540",
"id": "65158",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T07:17:45.113",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20479",
"parent_id": "65157",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
65157
|
65158
|
65158
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65160",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "水面から飛び立つ鳥は努めてあとを濁さないように。 Sentence from jisho for 努めて. Can anyone help clarify\nwhat the あと here means?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T07:37:50.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65159",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T08:19:03.387",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-29T07:57:21.537",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "32758",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is the あと in 努めてあとを濁さないように",
"view_count": 81
}
|
[
{
"body": "This あと is 後 (or 跡) in kanji. It has several meanings, but in this case it\nvaguely refers to \"something left behind\" or \"the situation of a place after\nyou left it\". More concretely, あと in this sentence refers to a swamp where\nmigrating birds have been staying. Note that this example sentence is taken\nfrom [this well-known\nidiom](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%A4%E9%B3%A5%E8%B7%A1%E3%82%92%E6%BF%81%E3%81%95%E3%81%9A).\n\nOther examples:\n\n> * 私は今月でこの会社を辞めるので、 **後** のことはあなたに任せます。\n> *\n> [後は野となれ山となれ](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%BE%8C%E3%81%AF%E9%87%8E%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8C%E5%B1%B1%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8C)\n> (idiom)\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T08:19:03.387",
"id": "65160",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T08:19:03.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65159",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
65159
|
65160
|
65160
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65162",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> お見合いの相手は、理想を絵に描いたような男性だった。\n\nFirst part is something like: **_since he/she was/is an omiai partner_** or\n**_since they met in omiai_** . I’m having difficulty in understanding the\nsecond.\n\nExplanation says:\n\n> 理想を絵に描いたような is an idiomatic usage for one or something that suits something\n> to a tee, that is “the very picture of~..”\n\nI’d highly appreciate if you could help me with any simpler explanation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T13:04:56.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65161",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T17:25:57.057",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-29T13:17:26.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "29923",
"owner_user_id": "29923",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Please help with deciphering the meaning of this sentence",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "Actually the first part just says the topic of the sentence is `お見合いの相手`, `an\nomiai partner`. I don't think there's any connection with `since`.\n\nThe second part you don't really need to already know the idiom to understand\nit.\n\nLet's focus on 理想を絵に描いたような. The parts before the ~ような is actually a clause by\nitself. ような means **like** or **similar to**.\n\nFor that clause, the を particle tells is that 理想 is the direct object. What's\nthe verb for it? 描いた. So we know the clause's main action is 理想を描いた: `ideal(s)\ndepicted`.\n\nNext, we need to figure out what 絵に means. The に here describes the target of\nthe clause: the depiction as/into a painting. 理想を絵に描いた thus means `An ideal\ndepicted as a painting`.\n\nThen, 理想を絵に描いたような男性だった means\n\n> A man who was like an ideal depicted as a painting\n\nUsing more idiomatic English, you might get something similar to the\nexplanation you were given. And if you connect it with the first part, you'll\nsee that the man that is being described is the omiai partner.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T16:10:35.763",
"id": "65162",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T17:25:57.057",
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"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "65161",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
65161
|
65162
|
65162
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65164",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When contracting -てしまう or -でしまう to -ちゃう or -ちゃ, what happens in the -って and\n-んで cases?\n\nFor example, does 洗ってしまう become あらちゃう or あらっちゃう?\n\nSimilarly, does 喚んでしまわない become 喚んじまわない or 喚じまわない?\n\nI'm trying to write a conjugator, but my Japanese is limited.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T16:49:17.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65163",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T18:13:47.567",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-29T18:13:47.567",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "32759",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"contractions",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Regarding chau and cha contractions, what happens in -って and -んで cases?",
"view_count": 273
}
|
[
{
"body": "The rule is fairly simple. Regardless of what comes before `て`/`で`:\n\n * `てしまう` contracts to `ちゃう` or `ちまう`.\n * `でしまう` contracts to `じゃう` or `じまう`.\n\nThe character before `て`/`で`, which is often `っ` or `ん` in godan verbs, must\nnot be removed nor changed.\n\nAll of these conjugate like an ordinary godan verb such as 使う and 合う. Note\nthat ちまう/じまう sounds fairly rough (it almost sounds like delinquent/gang speech\nin fiction).\n\nTherefore:\n\n * 洗ってしまう → 洗っちゃう (or 洗っちまう)\n * 洗ってしまわない → 洗っちゃわない (or 洗っちまわない)\n * 洗ってしまった → 洗っちゃった (or 洗っちまった)\n * 呼んでしまう → 呼んじゃう (or 呼んじまう)\n * 呼んでしまわない → 呼んじゃわない (or 呼んじまわない)\n\nFor other godan verbs:\n\n * 泣いてしまう → 泣いちゃう (or 泣いちまう)\n * 行ってしまう → 行っちゃう (or 行っちまう)\n\nFor ichidan verbs:\n\n * 見てしまう → 見ちゃう (or 見ちまう)\n * 食べてしまう → 食べちゃう (or 食べちまう)\n\n* * *\n\n[This chart](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010) is helpful, too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T17:26:08.200",
"id": "65164",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-29T17:34:03.320",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-29T17:34:03.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "65163",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
65163
|
65164
|
65164
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read that また can mean \"again\", so could the phrase be written as:\n\n昨日本また読んだ(？)\n\n(I used a casual form because I was writing for a friend)\n\nPlease let me know if this phrase would be correct! Thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-29T18:27:24.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65165",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T04:16:48.640",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"sentence"
],
"title": "How to say \"I read the book again yesterday\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 366
}
|
[
{
"body": "'The book' refers to a book which is already known to the listener. Although\nJapanese does not have a direct equivalent for the word 'the', you can use the\nequivalent word for 'that' in this case. あの本・その本 would be 'that book'. Leaving\nit out would be interpreted as 'a book'.\n\n> あの本・その本を読んだ I read that book (the book which we talked about) \n> 本を読んだ I read a book\n\nBoth を and は have been omitted from your question sentence. Without implying\nthat this is necessarily pertinent to your case, leaving out particles before\nbecoming proficient in their usage can cause unnecessary confusion when it\ncomes to grammar. Even after becoming proficient, adding them back in can\nassist one in determining whether a sentence sounds correct.\n\n> 昨日はあの本を読んだ。→ 昨日あの本読んだ。 I read that book yesterday. \n> 昨日はあの本をまた読んだ。→ 昨日あの本また読んだ。I read that book again yesterday. \n> 昨日はまたあの本を読んだ。→ 昨日またあの本読んだ。I read that book again yesterday.\n\nI agree with @Kentaro Tomono about the placement of また, with the final\nsentence above sounding most natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T04:16:48.640",
"id": "65171",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T04:16:48.640",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "65165",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
65165
| null |
65171
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "65167",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I wanna know why this kanji is containing the tree kanji 木 + the omen kanji 兆\n? What is the relation between tree and omen to give us a kanji for the peach\n? Is it a historical story?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T00:30:39.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65166",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T23:04:26.557",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-30T01:58:41.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "32763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology",
"radicals"
],
"title": "What is the story behind \"peach kanji\" 桃?",
"view_count": 2637
}
|
[
{
"body": "In many _kanji_ , some of the components do not provide meaning, but only\nsound.「桃」( _On'yomi_ : **とう** ) is made up of semantic「木」( _tree_ ) and\nphonetic「兆」( _On'yomi_ : **ちょう** ).\n\n> Remember: _Kanji_ were created for Chinese vocabulary, so the phonetic\n> component is only relevant to _On'yomi_.\n\nHere's some relevant vocabulary with these _On'yomi_ readings:\n\n * [桃花]{とうか} ( _peach blossom_ )\n\n * [吉兆]{きっちょう} ( _good omen_ )\n\n* * *\n\n> what is the relation between とう and ちょう readings\n\nPhonetic components of _kanji_ are generally _approximations_. Due to the long\nhistory and wide geographical spread of Chinese characters, the readings have\nchanged over space and time in China and even further changed in Japan.\nDiverging pronunciations over space and time is natural, and is one of the\nmechanisms behind the development of different accents from a single source\nlanguage.\n\n**とう** and **ちょう** are _similar_ ; the initial consonant of **と** is **/t/**\n(see [Voiceless dental and alveolar\nstops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_stops)) and\nthe initial consonant of **ちょ** is **/t͡ɕ/** (see [Voiceless alveolo-palatal\naffricate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-\npalatal_affricate)), which are both [alveolar\nconsonants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_consonant), pronounced in\nroughly the same parts of the mouth.\n\nRelated sounds are prone to changing into each other over time.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T00:48:40.557",
"id": "65167",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T02:39:46.200",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-30T02:39:46.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "65166",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 19
},
{
"body": "Back in the 80s, there was this series of five-minute programs called\n[おもしろ漢字ミニ字典](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8A%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%82%8D%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8B%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8)\non NHK's educational TV channel, which would provide computer graphics\nanimations and fancy stories about _kanji_ sharing the same non-radical part,\nto help understand and memorize them better, IIRC. They were quite interesting\nfor beginners in 漢字 like me.\n\nI remember that one episode was dealing with the 兆桃挑眺逃跳 set of related\n_kanji_. Since the original meaning of 兆 was said to be a representation of a\nvertical crack in a turtle shell used for divination, a possible reason for\nfinding this component in 桃 was the distinctive \"split\" shape of the peach,\nwhich can indeed be clearly seen in the emoji ...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T15:00:56.017",
"id": "65178",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T23:04:26.557",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-30T23:04:26.557",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "65166",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
65166
|
65167
|
65167
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I learned from manga to read 身体 as からだ. But I just learned it can also be read\nas しんたい. How should I read it, is one of the readings more common? Are there\ncontext clues?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-30T03:12:18.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "65168",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-30T03:12:18.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"readings"
],
"title": "How should I read 身体?",
"view_count": 66
}
|
[] |
65168
| null | null |
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