pmdlt/MNLP_M2_rag_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

doc_id int32 0 2.25M	text stringlengths 101 8.13k	source stringlengths 38 44
2,248,700	When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, NGR and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32708295
2,248,701	TMEM217 was found to have orthologs in organisms as early as the scaled fish, which diverged 420 million years ago. Although found in organisms as early as fish and reptiles, TMEM217 has no known orthologs in any bird species.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53913409
2,248,702	In one experiment, they used a chimera of mouse and human stem cells to address sickle cell anemia treatment. There are still many issues that need to be addressed before performing stem cell therapeutic techniques on humans, but advancements are being made in model organisms with homologous structures. In the sickle cell anemia example mentioned, they made a humanized sickle cell anemia mouse model by implanting human alpha-globin genes in place of mouse alpha-globin genes, and they replaced the beta-globin genes of the mouse with sickle cell effected human beta-globin genes. Following this induction, mice formed symptoms similar to the symptoms of humans with sickle cell anemia.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679
2,248,703	Indian amateur astronomers use maps that, depending on experience and intentions, may range from simple planispheres through detailed maps of very specific areas of the night sky for getting involved in projects like photographing the whole sky, the Messier objects or observing the occultation of the stars by the Moon, or studying asteroids. A range of astronomy software is available and used by amateur astronomers, including software that generates maps of the sky, software to assist with astrophotography, and software to perform various calculations pertaining to astronomical phenomena.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11301476
2,248,704	Five years after the veto, Mayor Bill de Blasio, who was then New York City Public Advocate, promised to recognize the two Muslim Holidays, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491
2,248,705	As of November 2019 there are 21 local APT chapters, which allow interaction among members throughout the year. Fourteen chapters are in the United States, three are in Canada, with one in Australasia, one in Latin America, and new chapters for Europe and East Asia. Chapters host local events including visits to sites of interest to members, workshops, and symposia.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58565830
2,248,706	In 1912, the Cape 10th Class was designated Class Experimental 6 and renumbered to 1244 on the South African Railways. It was withdrawn from service in 1938.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32708295
2,248,707	Through retroviral transduction of combinations of transcription factors, human and mice fibroblast cells were reprogrammed to pluripotent-stem cell-like cells (also termed “induced pluripotent stem cells,” or iPS). This was used to revert these cells into stem cell-like structures that did not differentiate, and therefore did not have a specified fate (allows cells to become almost any cell within the organism). Next, they wanted to test whether or not hematopoietic progenitors (HPs) would derive from the reprogrammed iPS cells and correct the sickle cell phenotype. Through many tests, they verified that the HPs had derived from the iPS cells. Later in their results, they concluded that when these iPS cells were introduced into sickle cell anemia positive mice, they significantly improved the sickle cell anemia and that these mice were comparable to those of the control mice who were not infected with sickle cell anemia.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679
2,248,708	In March 2014, Shujaat Khan organized a Muslim holiday community forum at P.S. 69 in Queens, NY. At the event, New York City Council member Daniel Dromm was in attendance.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491
2,248,709	Development and dissemination of technical information is mainly carried out by technical committees with specific focus areas. The technical committees are: Preservation Engineering, Sustainable Preservation, Modern Heritage, Documentation, Materials, and Codes.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58565830
2,248,710	Fetal tissue stem cells can give rise to a variety of differentiated cell types. However, many adult tissues contain populations of stem cells that have the capacity for renewal after trauma, disease, or aging. Stem cells found in human adult bone marrow also possess the ability to differentiate into different cell types as well. These adult bone marrow cells give rise to mesenchymal stem cells these give rise to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament, tendon, adipose, and stroma. Unwanted cells were isolated through the process of a density gradient. After this process, the removal of hematopoietic stem cells and nonadherent cells were removed by changes in the medium. In the expanded cultures, hematopoietic stem cells were not found. The mesenchymal cells appeared to be different from marrow fibroblastic cells. "As many as 50 million to 375 million cells were generated from a 10-ml marrow aspirate that was obtained from 19- to 57-year-old donors. This range of yield is expected for the expansion of primary cells. We isolated these cells from the marrow of over 350 donors, and the expanded mesenchymal cells from at least 50 donors were tested in three lineage assays, with all tested donors responding positively in these assays.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679
2,248,711	The forum's purpose was to gain recognition, inclusion, and respect among various political figures in New York City at the time. Events like these are described as being the backbone of the Campaign for Muslim School Holidays as they increased awareness among large, diverse groups of people, and garnered attention from the political climate of New York and, by extension, the U.S.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491
2,248,712	The cells did not differentiate spontaneously during culture expansion. Similarly isolated marrow mesenchymal cells maintained a normal karyotype and telomerase activity". The mesenchymal cells were placed in conditions that specified adipogenic, chondrogenic, or osteogenic conditions and differentiation. These were taken from three different adult donors and compared to two human fibroblasts. After 1 to 3 week, the cells had already begun to differentiate into their respective conditions. Adipogenic differentiation was visible through accumulation of lipid-rich vacuoles within cells (adipocytes) and they remained healthy within the culture for at least three months. Chondrogenic differentiation was evident in the development of type II collagen that is seen in articular cartilage.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679
2,248,713	Forums and events such as this one often focused on the best course of action in recognizing Muslim school holidays in the New York City public school calendar. Rallies were held in Albany, meetings were held in various elected officials' offices, and forums were held in all five boroughs.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491
2,248,714	Lastly, osteogenic differentiation was visible through calcium accumulation after one week. "The sensitive RT-PCR assays, in addition to the immunological and histochemical data, showed that neither the adipogenic nor the osteogenic cultures were composed of cells of multiple lineages. The chondrogenic cultures did not appear histologically to contain cells that were of the other lineages, but they did express osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase". In a controlled manner, isolated and expanded human mesenchymal stem cells could differentiate into multiple lineages. This concept of human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation can be used for future approaches to damaged or diseased tissue throughout the human body.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679
2,248,715	Shujaat Khan also wrote New York State Senator Jose Peralta an open letter pertaining to the recognition of Muslim school holidays throughout not just New York City, but also New York State.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491
2,248,716	This research example could be integrated into the SCLD website by the authors supplying the in vitro and/or in vivo conditions they used to influence these stem cells. This database is a tool that could provide useful and necessary information to researchers across the world.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679
2,248,717	These events focused on the students affected by the decision to choose between school and religion and focused on what an egalitarian society should look like—one that recognizes all religious groups' rights.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491
2,248,718	In 2015, after 16 years of working with various institutions, political figures, religious leaders, and coalitions, Shujaat Khan, NYCPP, La Fuente, 32BJ SEIU were successful in recognizing the school holidays in the New York City public school calendar.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491
2,248,719	At a speech celebrating the victory, Shujaat Khan mentioned how the struggle for equality and recognition is not over but a huge step forward had been made.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491
2,248,720	The 2000 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 21–29 July 2000 at the Manchester Velodrome. The Championships were organised by the British Cycling Federation.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62446588
2,248,721	The 1973–74 Japan Ice Hockey League season was the eighth season of the Japan Ice Hockey League. Five teams participated in the league, and the Oji Seishi Hockey won the championship.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34946228
2,248,722	1272 Gefion, provisional designation , is a stony asteroid and parent body of the Gefion family from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in Germany. The asteroid was named after Gefjon from Norse mythology.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16441655
2,248,723	"Gefion" is the namesake and parent body of the Gefion family (), a large family of stony asteroids in the intermediate main belt. The family is also a suspected source of the L chondrites, common group of meteorites.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16441655
2,248,724	It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.4–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,697 days; semi-major axis of 2.78 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16441655
2,248,725	The asteroid was first identified as at Heidelberg in September 1917. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, six days after its official discovery observation.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16441655
2,248,726	In the SMASS classification, "Gefion" is a Sl-subtype that transitions from the common stony S-type asteroids to the rather rare L-types.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16441655
2,248,727	In 2010 and 2011, two rotational lightcurves of "Gefion" were obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California . Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 2.900 and 3.087 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.22 and 0.20 magnitude, respectively ().	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16441655
2,248,728	According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, "Gefion" measures between 6.965 and 7.016 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2489 and 0.252. The "Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link" assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and consequently calculates a much larger diameter of 12.62 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.22.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16441655
2,248,729	This minor planet was named after Gefjon a goddess in Norse mythology. It is also named for the Gefion Fountain in Copenhagen, Denmark. The official naming citation was mentioned in "The Names of the Minor Planets" by Paul Herget in 1955 ().	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16441655
2,248,730	NGC 3191 (also known as NGC 3192) is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 400 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3191 is about 115,000 light years across. The galaxy has been distorted and interacts with a companion 1.3 armin to the west. An extremely blue tidal bridge lies between them.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54424534
2,248,731	NGC 6584 is a globular cluster in the constellation Telescopium that lies near Theta Arae and is 45000 light-years distant. It is an Oosterhoff type I cluster, and contains at least 69 variable stars, most of which are RR Lyrae variables: 46 stars were identified as RRab variables, 15 as RRc variables, 1 RRe variable, 4 eclipsing binaries and 3 long period variables. NGC 6584 is about 4 kpc from the Galactic center and about 2.7 kpc from the Galactic plane.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44333212
2,248,732	Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 3191, SN 1988B and SN 2017egm. SN 1988B was discovered by P. Wild 10" north of the galaxy's center. On Jan. 18.94 and 21.85 UT, it was at mag about 15.5. It was a type Ia supernova. SN 2017egm is identified as a Type I superluminous supernova. It is the closest supernova of this type observed and also the first to be found in a massive spiral galaxy. It was discovered by "Gaia" on 23 May 2017.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54424534
2,248,733	As is typical for metal-poor globular clusters, NGC 6584 has an enhanced concentration of alpha elements relative to iron.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44333212
2,248,734	NGC 4491 is a dwarf barred spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4491 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. NGC 4491 is located in a subgroup of the Virgo Cluster centered on Messier 87 known as the Virgo A subgroup.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55598789
2,248,735	NGC 4491 is a strongly barred galaxy. The bar may have grown from the tidal influence of other galaxies in the Virgo Cluster.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55598789
2,248,736	The infrared-radio properties of NGC 4491 possibly suggest the presence of an AGN in the galaxy. However, spectral analysis of the galaxy does not support this view since emission lines are absent or very weak and narrow.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55598789
2,248,737	Carex microglochin, called the fewseeded bog sedge and bristle sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus "Carex", native to temperate and subarctic North America, South America, Europe and Asia. It is uncertain which hemisphere it originated on before dispersing to the other.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66302138
2,248,738	Carex globularis is a perennial species of sedge in the family Cyperaceae native to damp forests and wetlands of Asia, Eastern Europe, and Scandinavia.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16924982
2,248,739	Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov () (August 21, 1895 in Petretsovo, Yaroslavl Oblast – November 16, 1975 in Moscow) was a Soviet geochemist, academician (1953), and Hero of Socialist Labour (1949, 1975).	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9862095
2,248,740	In 1928, he took up a position as assistant professor in the laboratory for biogeochemical problems of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9862095
2,248,741	He was director of Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9862095
2,248,742	Mons Vinogradov, a mountain on the near side of the moon, is named after him. So is a large crater on Mars.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9862095
2,248,743	Carex pediformis is a species of sedge (genus "Carex"), native to Eurasia, from Eastern Europe to Korea. It is a forest-steppe specialist.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66339688
2,248,744	The 1962 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Milan, Italy from 24 to 28 August 1962. Nine events were contested, 7 for men (3 for professionals, 4 for amateurs) and 2 for women.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44406274
2,248,745	The 1959 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Amsterdam, Netherlands from 8 to 13 August 1959. Eight events were contested, 6 for men (3 for professionals, 3 for amateurs) and 2 for women.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44406419
2,248,746	The 1988 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Ghent, Belgium from 21 to 25 August 1988. Eight events were contested, 7 for men (5 for professionals, 2 for amateurs) and 1 for women with a demonstration non-Championship points race for women.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44321865
2,248,747	These dragonflies are generally about 28 to 39 millimeters long and are shiny black with yellow markings. They are native to Africa, where they are usually found along fast-flowing rivers in forested habitat at some elevation. The genus has likely been isolated in higher-altitude habitat, and most of the species are limited to highlands.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12698720
2,248,748	Guyana competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. A total of eight athletes, seven men and one woman, competed for the nation in three sports.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7765907
2,248,749	Dendropsophus acreanus (common name: Acre treefrog) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in western Brazil (in Acre and Amazonas states), northeastern Bolivia, and southeastern Peru.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12372012
2,248,750	Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, heavily degraded former forest, ponds, and canals and ditches.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12375908
2,248,751	Orontius is a lunar impact crater that lies in the heavily cratered southern highlands of the Moon's near side. It was named after 16th century French mathematician Oronce Fine. It is located to the northwest of the prominent ray crater Tycho, and south and east of the large walled plain Deslandres. The eastern part of the crater is overlain by the smaller crater Huggins, which is overlain in turn on its eastern rim by the still smaller Nasireddin, the trio forming a crater chain of diminishing dimensions. Joined to the southern rim is the crater Saussure. To the southwest, just east of Tycho, is Pictet.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=991001
2,248,752	"Dendropsophus acreanus" is a common species found in lowland and premontane moist tropical forests. It is an understorey species typically found in forest edges. It can benefit from disturbance, and can spread in vegetation along newly constructed roads. No major threats affecting this species can be identified.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12372012
2,248,753	The rim of Orontius is battered, worn, and overlain by a number of different craters. A pair of craters to the west have intruded into the crater wall, forming inward bulges. Little of the original wall remains nearly intact, with the south and southwestern rim having survived the erosion process better than the other wall sections.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=991001
2,248,754	The southwest half of the crater floor is still fairly flat and marred only by a few small craterlets. In the north of the crater, the distorted feature Orontius F forms a distorted, crater-like oval.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=991001
2,248,755	By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Orontius.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=991001
2,248,756	Oecomys cleberi, also known as Cleber's oecomys or Cleber's arboreal rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus "Oecomys" of family Cricetidae. Known only from the Federal District of Brazil, its taxonomic status relative to "O. concolor" and "O. paricola" is unresolved.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6894354
2,248,757	Adenomera martinezi is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Brazil and only known from its type locality, Cachimbo in southwestern Pará. Prior to its redelimitation by Carvalho and Giaretta in 2013, it was believed to be more widespread. The widespread taxon is now recognized as a distinct species, "Adenomera saci".	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12383463
2,248,758	Pristimantis acuminatus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in the Amazon rainforest of Ecuador, northern Peru, and adjacent Colombia and Brazil. It is a lowland Amazonian rainforest species that also occurs on the lower reaches of the Andes. At night these frogs can be found perched on leaves some above the ground; during the daytime they may be found in bromeliads or sleeping on the undersides of leaves. It may also occur in cultivated areas. This widespread species is not considered threatened.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12384644
2,248,759	Parachondrostoma miegii is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Spain, where it occurs in the basin of the Ebro and in one headwater of the Tagus. Its natural habitat is rivers.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12183998
2,248,760	Ecnomiohyla thysanota, also known as Cerro Mali treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Panama where it is known from its type locality, Cerro Malí in eastern Serranía de Darién, near the border to Colombia, where it might also occur. This arboreal species is only known from a single specimen, the holotype.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12372467
2,248,761	Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, swamps, pastureland, and heavily degraded former forest.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12397363
2,248,762	The 2013 Brussels Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the third and last edition of the Brussels Open, and was part of the Premier-level tournaments of the 2013 WTA Tour. The event took place at the Royal Primerose Tennis Club in Brussels, Belgium, from May 18 through May 25, 2013.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39062329
2,248,763	Alexander Segger George (born 4 April 1939) is a Western Australian botanist. He is the authority on the plant genera "Banksia" and "Dryandra". The "bizarre" Restionaceae genus "Alexgeorgea" was named in his honour in 1976.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3099530
2,248,764	The specific name "martinezi" honours Antonio Martínez, an Argentine entomologist. Common name Martinez's tropical bullfrog has been coined for this species.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12383463
2,248,765	The holotype is a female measuring in snout–vent length. The head is wider than the body and flat on the top. The snout is moderately long and rounded. The tympanum is distinct albeit partly obscured by the supratympanic fold. The canthus is heavy and rounded. The arms and feet have dermal fringes referred to in its specific name "thysanota", from Greek "thysanotos", meaning "fringed". The fingers are early fully webbed and bear large discs. The toes are fully webbed and bear discs almost as large as the fingers ones. The living specimen had green dorsum and pinkish white ventral surfaces were. The iris was brown.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12372467
2,248,766	George joined the Western Australian Herbarium as a laboratory assistant at the age of twenty in 1959. He worked under Charles Gardner for a year before the latter's retirement, and partly credits him with rekindling an interest in banksias. In 1963 he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Western Australia, and the following year added a botany major. Continuing at the Western Australian Herbarium as a botanist, in 1968 he was seconded as Australian Botanical Liaison Officer at the Royal Botanic Gardens in London. George also has an interest in history, especially historical biography of naturalists in Western Australia. He has published a number of articles in the field of history, including a history of the Royal Society of Western Australia and a tribute to naturalist and historian Rica Erickson. In 1999 he published a book on William Dampier's naturalist collections in Western Australia entitled "William Dampier in New Holland: Australia's First Natural Historian".	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3099530
2,248,767	Adult males measure and adult females, based on just one specimen, in snout–vent length. The snout is pointed in dorsal view and acuminate in lateral view; in males, the snout tip has a well-developed, shovel-like fleshy ridge. The tympanum and supratympanic fold are present. The finger tips are rounded but not expanded, without webbing or fringing. The toe tips are unexpanded and unflattened; no webbing is present. Dorsal coloration consists of 4–6 symmetrically arranged rows of longitudinal dark-colored spots on moss green (male) or grayish brown (female) background. Cream-colored vertebral stripe is present. The belly is uniformly yellow. Males have an internal, subgular vocal sac.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12383463
2,248,768	The holotype was found in a tree top at night in humid montane forest at above sea level. "Ecnomiohyla thysanota" presumably breeds in water. There is no recent data on this species, and threats to it are unknown. The type locality is inside the Darién National Park.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12372467
2,248,769	George initially specialised in orchids, but his focus gradually moved to the Proteaceae genera "Banksia" and "Dryandra". He contributed the text to Celia Rosser's three volume "The Banksias", published between 1981 and 2001, which contains Rosser's paintings of every "Banksia" species. In 1981 "Nuytsia" published his landmark monograph "The genus "Banksia" L.f. (Proteaceae)", the first systematic treatment of the taxonomy of "Banksia" since George Bentham's "Flora Australiensis" appeared in the 1870s. Three years later he published the popular "The Banksia Book", and the following year he published "An Introduction to the Proteaceae of Western Australia". In 1999, his taxonomy of the "Banksia" and "Dryandra" genera was published as part of the "Flora of Australia series of monographs.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3099530
2,248,770	The male advertisement call is long (63–151 ms) with 15–21 pulses; it is audibly pulsed even to the human ear.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12383463
2,248,771	From 1981 to 1993, George lived in Canberra and worked as Executive Editor for the "Flora of Australia" series. His extensive revision of the genus "Verticordia", an arrangement which included new taxa, was published in "Nuytsia" in 1991. He is now living in Perth again, and works as a botanical and editorial consultant. He is also an Honorary Research Associate with the Western Australian Herbarium, and an Adjunct Associate Professor with the School of Biological Sciences, Murdoch University.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3099530
2,248,772	"Adenomera martinezi" occurs in grassy field environments associated with rock outcrops in sandy/muddy soil. The type locality is at a transitional Cerrado/Amazonian region. Males call after nightfall within underground chambers or from exposed calling sites, typically among grassy tufts.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12383463
2,248,773	On 11 June 2012, Dr. George was named a Member of the Order of Australia for "service to conservation and the environment as a botanist, historian and author, particularly in the area of Australian flora, and through roles with national and international professional organisations."	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3099530
2,248,774	The assessment of the conservation status of this species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) predates redelimitation of this species, necessitating a reassessment. Given its very restricted known distribution, "Adenomera martinezi" is classified as a "near threatened" species.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12383463
2,248,775	The Hispaniola pupfish ("Cyprinodon bondi") is a fish endemic to the lakes of Etang Saumâtre and Lake Enriquillo on the island of Hispaniola, in both Haiti and the Dominican Republic.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55494362
2,248,776	Tenuiphantes tenuis is a species of spider belonging to the family Linyphiidae. Its native distribution is reported as Europe, Macaronesia, Northern Africa, Turkey, Caucasus, Central Asia. The species was introduced to USA, Chile, Argentina and New Zealand from Europe where it is found throughout.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41030952
2,248,777	Paratelmatobius gaigeae (common name: Gaige's rapids frog) is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Serra da Bocaina, a part of Serra do Mar, southeastern Brazil. "Paratelmatobius gaigeae" is named after Helen Beulah Thompson Gaige, an American herpetologist.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12390145
2,248,778	Hyponephele lupina, the Oriental meadow brown or branded meadowbrown, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in North Africa, south western Europe, southern Russia, Asia Minor, southern Siberia, Middle Asia, Iran and from Baluchistan to Nepal.Seitz describes it thus- "lupinus" Costa (47 e) is rather considerably larger than the forms [of "Epinepele"] so far named; the rusty yellow on the underside of the forewing is brighter, the underside of the hindwing strongly speckled. Southern Italy, Greece.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26802641
2,248,779	George S. Myers wrote its species description in 1935. Its holotype was deposited at the National Museum of Natural History. The type locality of the fish is Étang Saumâtre, Haiti. Myers named this species after R. M. Bond, who collected the specimens Myers used for his description.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55494362
2,248,780	The body length excluding legs is about . The carapace is dark brown. The abdomen often has a distinctive pattern, usually with clear black spots, and "T. tenuis" is more slender than other species in the family. The legs are brown and lack annulations.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41030952
2,248,781	Its natural habitats are montane forests. It is a terrestrial frog that probably breeds in temporary ponds or streams. It is threatened by habitat loss; logging might have already caused extirpation of this species from its type locality, Bonito in the Serra da Bocaina.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12390145
2,248,782	The adults' total length is up to ; this is large for the genus "Cyprinodon". Its standard length is up to .	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55494362
2,248,783	"T. tenuis" is usually found in low vegetation, moss, and leaf litter where it feeds on various insects including "Listronotus bonariensis".	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41030952
2,248,784	The fish's holotype and paratypes were all collected in Étang Saumâtre, Haiti. Michael Leonard Smith writes this species is endemic to this lake, on the border of Haiti and the Dominican Republic; some specimens collected from Lago Enriquillo had been identified as being "C. bondi", but Smith argues that this identification was mistaken.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55494362
2,248,785	Epsilon Sculptoris (ε Scl, ε Sculptoris) is a binary star in the constellation Sculptor. It is approximately 91.7 light years from Earth.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2670488
2,248,786	The Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit (abbreviated IMWaRU) is one of several research entities based in the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It provides research as well as supervision to masters and doctorate students within the University, as well as consulting to industry.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44317435
2,248,787	The Danube barbel ("Barbus balcanicus") is a species of freshwater fish widespread in southeastern Europe. It is difficult to diagnose from e.g. "Barbus carpathicus" and "Barbus petenyi" in the field.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25878537
2,248,788	Hylaeamys laticeps, also known as the Atlantic Forest oryzomys or the large-headed rice rat, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6894197
2,248,789	Actinium(III) bromide is a radioactive white crystalline solid that is a salt of actinium. It is prepared by reacting actinium(III) oxide with aluminium bromide.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67408632
2,248,790	Allium cyaneum, dark blue garlic, is a Chinese (天蓝韭, tian lan jiu, meaning "sky blue chive") species of onion. It prefers to grow at elevations from on slopes and meadows, and forest edges. It occurs in Gansu, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Xizang (Tibet) provinces of China, and possibly in Korea. Its leaves and scapes are edible and are occasionally consumed by local peoples as a spice after drying. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, and is also considered by them as a good plant to attract pollinators.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62440937
2,248,791	Caulolatilus cyanops, the blackline tilefish or ocean whitefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a tilefish belonging to the family Malacanthidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36413981
2,248,792	Diarsia brunnea, the purple clay, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in most of Europe, east to Transcaucasia, the Caucasus, central Asia, Siberia, the Kuriles, Amur, Ussuri, Sakhalin, Korea, Japan, Tibet and China.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25278618
2,248,793	Chthonerpeton onorei is a species of amphibian in the family Typhlonectidae, endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, irrigated land, seasonally flooded agricultural land, and canals and ditches.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12364076
2,248,794	Chen Qian (; born 14 January 1987 in Suzhou, Jiangsu) is a female Chinese modern pentathlete who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London finishing in 5th place on both occasions.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18679226
2,248,795	Susan Lee (born 7 June 1966) is an Australian rowing coxswain. She coxed the women's four to a bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics. It was Australia's first Olympic medal in women's rowing.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30689382
2,248,796	Cryphia raptricula, the marbled gray, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found over the Palearctic from the Atlantic Ocean to Central Asia, the Russian Far East including Ussuri and the Altai. Southward, it reaches the northern parts of the Sahara desert. It is found in central and south-east Europe.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18981668
2,248,797	The primary component, Epsilon Sculptoris A, is a yellow-white F-type main-sequence star with an apparent magnitude of +5.29. Orbiting it with a separation of 4.6 arcseconds, or at least 125 Astronomical Units, is Epsilon Sculptoris B, a yellow G-type main sequence dwarf with an apparent magnitude of +8.6. A and B make one orbit around their centre of mass once every 1200 years.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2670488
2,248,798	The unit deals with cross disciplinary water issues relating to industry and mining. As such the group includes experts in chemical engineering, microbiology and other sciences.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44317435
2,248,799	The taxonomic history of "Hylaeamys laticeps" has been complex, and the name "laticeps" has been used for various members of the genera "Cerradomys", "Euryoryzomys", "Transandinomys" and "Hylaeamys" at different times. Until 2006, it was classified in the genus "Oryzomys" as "Oryzomys laticeps". The species "Oryzomys seuanezi" is now a junior synonym of "H. laticeps".	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6894197

2,248,700

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, NGR and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32708295

2,248,701

TMEM217 was found to have orthologs in organisms as early as the scaled fish, which diverged 420 million years ago. Although found in organisms as early as fish and reptiles, TMEM217 has no known orthologs in any bird species.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53913409

2,248,702

In one experiment, they used a chimera of mouse and human stem cells to address sickle cell anemia treatment. There are still many issues that need to be addressed before performing stem cell therapeutic techniques on humans, but advancements are being made in model organisms with homologous structures. In the sickle cell anemia example mentioned, they made a humanized sickle cell anemia mouse model by implanting human alpha-globin genes in place of mouse alpha-globin genes, and they replaced the beta-globin genes of the mouse with sickle cell effected human beta-globin genes. Following this induction, mice formed symptoms similar to the symptoms of humans with sickle cell anemia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679

2,248,703

Indian amateur astronomers use maps that, depending on experience and intentions, may range from simple planispheres through detailed maps of very specific areas of the night sky for getting involved in projects like photographing the whole sky, the Messier objects or observing the occultation of the stars by the Moon, or studying asteroids. A range of astronomy software is available and used by amateur astronomers, including software that generates maps of the sky, software to assist with astrophotography, and software to perform various calculations pertaining to astronomical phenomena.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11301476

2,248,704

Five years after the veto, Mayor Bill de Blasio, who was then New York City Public Advocate, promised to recognize the two Muslim Holidays, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491

2,248,705

As of November 2019 there are 21 local APT chapters, which allow interaction among members throughout the year. Fourteen chapters are in the United States, three are in Canada, with one in Australasia, one in Latin America, and new chapters for Europe and East Asia. Chapters host local events including visits to sites of interest to members, workshops, and symposia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58565830

2,248,706

In 1912, the Cape 10th Class was designated Class Experimental 6 and renumbered to 1244 on the South African Railways. It was withdrawn from service in 1938.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32708295

2,248,707

Through retroviral transduction of combinations of transcription factors, human and mice fibroblast cells were reprogrammed to pluripotent-stem cell-like cells (also termed “induced pluripotent stem cells,” or iPS). This was used to revert these cells into stem cell-like structures that did not differentiate, and therefore did not have a specified fate (allows cells to become almost any cell within the organism). Next, they wanted to test whether or not hematopoietic progenitors (HPs) would derive from the reprogrammed iPS cells and correct the sickle cell phenotype. Through many tests, they verified that the HPs had derived from the iPS cells. Later in their results, they concluded that when these iPS cells were introduced into sickle cell anemia positive mice, they significantly improved the sickle cell anemia and that these mice were comparable to those of the control mice who were not infected with sickle cell anemia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679

2,248,708

In March 2014, Shujaat Khan organized a Muslim holiday community forum at P.S. 69 in Queens, NY. At the event, New York City Council member Daniel Dromm was in attendance.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491

2,248,709

Development and dissemination of technical information is mainly carried out by technical committees with specific focus areas. The technical committees are: Preservation Engineering, Sustainable Preservation, Modern Heritage, Documentation, Materials, and Codes.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58565830

2,248,710

Fetal tissue stem cells can give rise to a variety of differentiated cell types. However, many adult tissues contain populations of stem cells that have the capacity for renewal after trauma, disease, or aging. Stem cells found in human adult bone marrow also possess the ability to differentiate into different cell types as well. These adult bone marrow cells give rise to mesenchymal stem cells these give rise to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament, tendon, adipose, and stroma. Unwanted cells were isolated through the process of a density gradient. After this process, the removal of hematopoietic stem cells and nonadherent cells were removed by changes in the medium. In the expanded cultures, hematopoietic stem cells were not found. The mesenchymal cells appeared to be different from marrow fibroblastic cells. "As many as 50 million to 375 million cells were generated from a 10-ml marrow aspirate that was obtained from 19- to 57-year-old donors. This range of yield is expected for the expansion of primary cells. We isolated these cells from the marrow of over 350 donors, and the expanded mesenchymal cells from at least 50 donors were tested in three lineage assays, with all tested donors responding positively in these assays.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679

2,248,711

The forum's purpose was to gain recognition, inclusion, and respect among various political figures in New York City at the time. Events like these are described as being the backbone of the Campaign for Muslim School Holidays as they increased awareness among large, diverse groups of people, and garnered attention from the political climate of New York and, by extension, the U.S.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491

2,248,712

The cells did not differentiate spontaneously during culture expansion. Similarly isolated marrow mesenchymal cells maintained a normal karyotype and telomerase activity". The mesenchymal cells were placed in conditions that specified adipogenic, chondrogenic, or osteogenic conditions and differentiation. These were taken from three different adult donors and compared to two human fibroblasts. After 1 to 3 week, the cells had already begun to differentiate into their respective conditions. Adipogenic differentiation was visible through accumulation of lipid-rich vacuoles within cells (adipocytes) and they remained healthy within the culture for at least three months. Chondrogenic differentiation was evident in the development of type II collagen that is seen in articular cartilage.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679

2,248,713

Forums and events such as this one often focused on the best course of action in recognizing Muslim school holidays in the New York City public school calendar. Rallies were held in Albany, meetings were held in various elected officials' offices, and forums were held in all five boroughs.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491

2,248,714

Lastly, osteogenic differentiation was visible through calcium accumulation after one week. "The sensitive RT-PCR assays, in addition to the immunological and histochemical data, showed that neither the adipogenic nor the osteogenic cultures were composed of cells of multiple lineages. The chondrogenic cultures did not appear histologically to contain cells that were of the other lineages, but they did express osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase". In a controlled manner, isolated and expanded human mesenchymal stem cells could differentiate into multiple lineages. This concept of human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation can be used for future approaches to damaged or diseased tissue throughout the human body.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679

2,248,715

Shujaat Khan also wrote New York State Senator Jose Peralta an open letter pertaining to the recognition of Muslim school holidays throughout not just New York City, but also New York State.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491

2,248,716

This research example could be integrated into the SCLD website by the authors supplying the in vitro and/or in vivo conditions they used to influence these stem cells. This database is a tool that could provide useful and necessary information to researchers across the world.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31525679

2,248,717

These events focused on the students affected by the decision to choose between school and religion and focused on what an egalitarian society should look like—one that recognizes all religious groups' rights.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491

2,248,718

In 2015, after 16 years of working with various institutions, political figures, religious leaders, and coalitions, Shujaat Khan, NYCPP, La Fuente, 32BJ SEIU were successful in recognizing the school holidays in the New York City public school calendar.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491

2,248,719

At a speech celebrating the victory, Shujaat Khan mentioned how the struggle for equality and recognition is not over but a huge step forward had been made.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51051491

2,248,720

The 2000 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 21–29 July 2000 at the Manchester Velodrome. The Championships were organised by the British Cycling Federation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62446588

2,248,721

The 1973–74 Japan Ice Hockey League season was the eighth season of the Japan Ice Hockey League. Five teams participated in the league, and the Oji Seishi Hockey won the championship.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34946228

2,248,722

1272 Gefion, provisional designation , is a stony asteroid and parent body of the Gefion family from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in Germany. The asteroid was named after Gefjon from Norse mythology.