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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was the subtitle of the 3rd film in the Hellraiser series of films?"
] | Hellraiser: Limited Edition 4-disc Lament Configuration Box | DVD Review | Film @ The Digital Fix Hellraiser: Limited Edition 4-disc Lament Configuration Box By Kevin Gilvear Kevin Gilvear Film Extras Extras #Audio Commentaries, #Featurettes, #Interviews, #Trailers and TV Spots, #Still Galleries, #Screensaver, #Draft Script (DVD-Rom), #Easter Egg Soundtracks English 2.0, English 5.1, English DTS Subtitles English for the Hard of Hearing. I exhausted myself bringing you this review so you better appreciate it you pinheads. :DKev The face of horror changed in 1987 when author Clive Barker made his impressive debut as director when he unveiled Hellraiser to the world. Based upon his short story The Hellbound Heart the film told of pain, pleasure, desire and everything one would do to attain the delights each can offer. It wasn't just the gory effects that grabbed attention, what made the film truly memorable was the introduction of Barker's Cenobites - creatures from hell, who have chosen to sacrifice their bodies, contort and abuse them in the pursuit of ultimate pleasure. They explore and experience things that no man has ever dreamed, until the cursed box is placed in hand, the lament configuration which has formed one of the main staples within the Hellraiser mythology. The success of the first film ensured a successful sequel, and another, and another. To date there are eight films in total and the franchise doesn't look as though it is going to slow down any time soon. The series of films have turned the Cenobites into cinematic, horror icons, the likes of which have never been seen since. Clive Barker's extraordinary visions have disturbed and entertained for years and he has clearly demonstrated over time that he deserved to be labelled one of the greatest masters of modern horror. For the first time on UK DVD fans can enjoy Hellraiser, Hellbound: Hellraiser II and Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth completely un-cut, along with a slew of great extras. So I hope those of you reading will enjoy my reviews and subsequent break down of each disc from Anchor Bay�s simply marvellous collection. Let's begin. Hellraiser (1987) 93 Minutes. Starring: Andrew Robinson, Clare Higgins, Ashley Laurence, Sean Chapman, Oliver Smith, Robert Hines, Doug Bradley, and Grace Kirby. Directed by: Clive Barker. Frank Cotton (Sean Chapman) thought he had experienced everything, but none of his desires can equal the fate that awaits him. Soon after purchasing a mysterious puzzle box he takes it home to unlock its hidden secrets. Upon solving the puzzle the box opens the gateway from hell and Frank is met by its inhabitants - the Cenobites, who literally tear his soul apart. Some time passes and Frank's older brother, Larry (Andrew Robinson) moves into the very same house with his wife, Julia (Clare Higgins). They discover that Frank had been living there at some point but has since fled. Larry's daughter, Kirsty (Ashley Laurence) visits him and Julia, her step-mother with whom she shares an awkward relationship but insists on making an effort to get along for her dad�s sake. While moving in furniture, Larry accidentally cuts his hand on a nail, seeping into the floorboards of the third floor room the blood awakens Frank's body, much to Julia's horror as she is the one to make the gruesome discovery. Frank has a favour to ask of Julia and it's not going to end pretty. Hellraiser must have the quickest set up of all time, no sooner have you sat down do events begin to unfold with its opening taster of what is to come later making a compelling argument for your time. Clive Barker debuts with this oddly paced tale of horror in high fashion. While I doubt some of his directorial choices I have to hand it to him that he knows good horror. Seventeen years on and the film holds up remarkably well, particularly in terms of visual effects. Some are better than others (you'll notice a rig behind the wall-crawler) but overall they are impressive for a low budget film and it is crucial they work as well as they do. The film isn't a conventional one in any rea |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was the title of Maria McKee’s only UK number 1, due to it’s use in the film Days Of Thunder?"
] | UK MUSIC CHARTS, No.1 Singles 1: Al Martino - Here In My Heart - 14/11/1952. 1953 2: Jo Stafford : You Belong To Me - 16/1/1953 3: Kay Starr : Comes A-Long A-Love - 23/1/1953. 4: Eddie Fisher: Outside Of Heaven - 30/1/1953. Feb 5: Perry Como: Don't Let The Stars Get In Your Eyes - 6/2/1953 March 6: Guy Mitchell: She Wears Red Feathers - 13/3/1953 April 7: Stargazers: Broken Wings - 10/4/1953 8: Lita Roza: (How Much Is) That Doggie In The Window - 17/4/1953 9: Frankie Laine: I Believe - 24/4/1953 June 10: Eddie Fisher: I'm Walking Behind You - 26/6/1953 Aug 11: Mantovani Song: from 'The Moulin Rouge' - 14/8/1953 Sept 12: Guy Mitchell: Look At That Girl - 11/9/1953 Oct 13: Frankie Laine: Hey Joe - 23/10/1953 Nov 14: David Whitfield: Answer Me - 6/11/1953 15: Frankie Laine: Answer Me - 13/11/1953 1954 16: Eddie Calvert: Oh Mein Papa 8/1/1954 March 17: Stargazers: I See The Moon 12/3/1954. April 18: Doris Day: Secret Love 16/4/1954 19: Johnnie Ray: Such A Night 30/4/1954 July 20: David Whitfield: Cara Mia 2/7/1954 Sept 21: Kitty Kallen: Little Things Mean A Lot 10/9/1954 22: Frank Sinatra: Three Coins In The Fountain 17/9/1954 Oct 23: Don Cornell: Hold My Hand 8/10/1954 Nov 24: Vera Lynn: My Son My Son 5/11/1954 25: Rosemary Clooney: This Ole House 26/11/1954 Dec 26: Winifred Atwell: Let's Have Another Party 3/12/1954 1955 27: Dickie Valentine: Finger Of Suspicion 7/1/1955. 28: Rosemary Clooney: Mambo Italiano 14/1/1955 Feb 29: Ruby Murray: Softly, Softly 18/2/1955 March 30: Tennessee Ernie Ford: Give Me Your Word, 11/3/1955 April 31: Perez Prez Prado & His Orchestra: Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White 29/4/1955 May 32: Tony Bennett: Stranger In Paradise 13/5/1955 33: Eddie Calvert: Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White 27/5/1955 June 34: Jimmy Young: Unchained Melody 24/6/1955 July 35: Alma Cogan: Dreamboat 15/7/1955 36: Slim Whitman: Rose Marie 29/7/1955 Oct 37: Jimmy Young: The Man From Laramie 14/10/1955 Nov 38: Johnston Brothers: Hernando's Hideaway 11/11/1955 39: Bill Haley & His Comets: Rock Around The Clock 25/11/1955 Dec 40: Dickie Valentine: Christmas Alphabet 16/12/1955 1956 41: Tennessee Ernie Ford: Sixteen Tons 20/1/1956. Feb 42: Dean Martin: Memories Are Made Of This 17/2/1956 March 43: Dream Weavers: It's Almost Tomorrow 16/3/1956 44: Kay Starr: Rock And Roll Waltz 30/3/1956 April 45: Winifred Atwell: Poor People Of Paris 13/4/1956 May 46: Ronnie Hilton: No Other Love 4/5/1956 June 47: Pat Boone: I'll Be Home 15/6/1956 July 48: Frankie Lymon And The Teenagers - Why Do Fools Fall in Love 20/7/1956 Aug 49: Doris Day - Whatever Will Be Will Be (Que Sera, Sera) 10/8/1956 Sept 50: Anne Shelton - Lay Down Your Arms 21/9/1956 Oct 51: Frankie Laine - A Woman In Love 19/10/1956 Nov 52: Johnnie Ray - Just Walking In The Rain 16/11/1956 1957 53: Guy Mitchell.. Singing The Blues 4/1/1957 54: Tommy Steele.. Singing The Blues 11/1/1957 55: Frankie Vaughan.. The Garden Of Eden 25/1/1957 Feb 56: Tab Hunter.. Young Love 22/2/1957 April 57: Lonnie Donegan.. Cumberland Gap 12/4/1957 May 58: Guy Mitchell.. Rock-A-Billy 17/5/1957 59: Andy Williams.. Butterfly 24/5/1957 June 60: Johnnie Ray.. Yes Tonight Josephine 7/6/1957 61. Lonnie Donegan.. Puttin' On The Style / Gamblin' Man 28/6/1957 July 62. Elvis Presley.. All Shook Up 12/7/1957 Aug 63. Paul Anka.. Diana 30/8/1957 Nov 64. The Crickets.. That'll Be The Day 1/11/1957 65. Harry Belafonte.. Mary's Boy Child 22/11/1957 1958 66. Jerry Lee Lewis.. Great Balls Of Fire 10/1/1958 67. Elvis Presley.. Jailhouse Rock 24/1/1958 Feb 68. Michael Holliday.. The Story Of My Life 14/2/1958 69. Perry Como.. Magic Moments 28/2/1958 April 70. Marvin Rainwater.. Whole Lotta Woman 25/4/1958 May 71. Connie Francis.. Who's Sorry Now 16/5/1958 June 72. Vic Damone.. On The Street Where You Live 27/6/1958 July 73. Everly Brothers.. All I Have To Do Is Dream / Claudette 4/7/1958 Aug 74. Kalin Twins.. When 22/8/1958 Sept 75. Connie Francis.. Carolina Moon / Stupid Cupid 26/9/1958 Nov 76. Tommy Edwards.. All In The Game 7/11/1958 77. Lord Rockingham's XI.. Hoots Mon 28/11/195 |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was the catchphrase of the Hanna-Barbera character Snagglepuss?"
] | Snagglepuss | Hanna-Barbera Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia So much for "See 7 States from Rock City" (the barn quilts around Caledonia, MN) So many bars. so little time (the 3rd Street bar district in LaCrosse, WI and the "bar jacket" culture so surrounding) Eat your heart out, Walmart; Family Dollar, even (as in discovering Horsfall's Variety Store in Lansing, IA; reference is made to Scoots of the Cattanooga Cats and his Magic Crayon) Imagination DOES exist beyond Disneyland (The House on the Rock, Spring Green, WI; first encounter with another Hanna-Barbera character on the side--in this instance, The King from Heyyy, It's the King!) The last easy-listening station on the radio? (wherein Our Host discovers the easy-listening tones of KNXR-FM in Rochester, MN--and encountering Mr. Jinx in treatment at the Mayo Clinic in that same city, over luncheon) A most unlikely venue in the annals of rock, and in an equally-unlikely place (as in the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, IA; the Cattanooga Cats are performing there as well during Snagglepuss' visit) "But then again, it's all about the water" (which finds Snagglepuss in Iowa's Lake Okoboji region ... as well as finding his cousin, Snaggletooth, running an "old school" resort on East Lake Okoboji) Least Unlikely(?) to Play the Corn Palace (as finds Snagglepuss at the Corn Palace in Mitchell, SD, crossing paths with The Banana Splits in the bargain) Corny signs, Free Ice Water, 5-cent coffee--and what else exactly? (wherein we find Snagglepuss at the Wall Drug Store in Wall, SD--with Ricochet Rabbit and Droopalong Coyote encountered in the bargain) Try not to laugh at the very name of Duluth for once (as finds Snagglepuss in Duluth, MN, where he encounters the CB Bears with somewhat funsensical consequences) Highway 61 Not Yet Revisited (with apologies to Bob Dylan) (as continues his previous such with the CB Bears, only this time along the North Shore of Lake Superior and unto the Gunflint Trail in northern Minnesota's Boundary Waters region) Cold enough for you, or not so? (finding Our Boy in "the Icebox of the Nation," none other than International Falls, MN--with Crazy Claws in the bargain) So this is where it all begins? (at the headwaters of the Mississippi River, Itasca State Park, MN--with Huckleberry Hound as well) So this is what Main Street must be like (finding Snagglepuss at the Original Main Street in Sauk Centre, MN, as immortalised by Sinclair Lewis--with Motormouse and Autocat in the bargain, it turns out) The bread which built a university (discovering the legendary "Johnnie Bread" from St. John's University in Collegeville, MN--and the fact of several fellow Hanna-Barberians, especially the Speed Buggy crew, taking a shine to it) Somewhat (literally) cheesy (a stop at the retail outlet of the Bongards [MN] Creamery turns into a choice encounter with Atom Ant being able to hold up several boxes of its process cheese loaf) Powah Shopping to Da Max (finding him at the Mall of America in Bloomington, MN alongside some of Hanna-Barbera's female types on a shopping [mis]adventure galore) Looking for a lost love in a most unlikely milieu (as in discovering his long-lost girlfriend Lyla during a tubing trip down the Apple River near Somerset, WI) Trying not to be cheesy in Wisconsin (obviously) (with a choice run-in unto Hokey Wolf and Ding-A-Ling in Colby, WI--as in Colby cheese, naturally--seeking advice on setting up a not-so-campy cheese shop) A most mysteriously unlikely crossing (otherwise known as the crossing of Latitude 45°0'00" north and Longitude 90°0'00" west in Marathon County, WI on a moonlit, if cloudy, night) Huddles has been found--in Titletown, of all places (as in a chance run-in with the Rhinos from Where's Huddles? at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, WI) Where getting wet can actually be rather fun (as finds him with Jabberjaw's house band, The Neptunes, at one of the waterparks as made Wisconsin Dells famous in recent years) One unlikely gold mine of comedy gag fodder galore (continuing in Wisconsin Dells, only to meet up with Crazy Claws, its resid |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Ron Perlman plays which comic book superhero in 2 films of the Noughties?"
] | Ron Perlman - IMDb IMDb Actor | Producer | Soundtrack Ron Perlman is a classically-trained actor who has appeared in countless stage plays, feature films and television productions. Ronald N. Perlman was born April 13, 1950 in Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York. His mother, Dorothy (Rosen), is retired from the City Clerk's Office. His father, Bertram "Bert" Perlman, now deceased, was a repairman ... See full bio » Born: Hellboy III: Guillermo Del Toro To Meet With Actor Ron Perlman & Artist Mike Mignola 3 hours ago | LRMonline.com a list of 22 people created 14 May 2012 a list of 35 people created 30 Jul 2012 a list of 32 people created 04 Mar 2013 a list of 42 people created 25 Apr 2013 a list of 43 people created 6 months ago Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Ron Perlman's work have you seen? User Polls Won 1 Golden Globe. Another 4 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards » Known For 2015 Fallout 4 (Video Game) Anchorman (voice) 2015 The Blacklist (TV Series) Luther Braxton 2013 Payday 2 (Video Game) Rust (voice) 2013 Peter Panzerfaust (TV Series) Captain Haken 2011-2012 American Dad! (TV Series) Colonel / Monster Hunter 2010 Fallout: New Vegas (Video Game) Narrator (voice) 2008 Fallout 3 (Video Game) Narrator (voice) - The Avatar and the Firelord (2007) ... Firelord Sozin / Additional Voices (voice) 2007 Conan (Video Game) 2006 Welcome to Wackamo (TV Movie) Max (voice) 2005 What's New, Scooby-Doo? (TV Series) Russian Inspector / Joe / Frozen Fiend - Diamonds Are a Ghouls Best Friend (2005) ... Russian Inspector / Joe / Frozen Fiend (voice) 2005 Narc (Video Game) 2003 Static Shock (TV Series) Heavyman / Dr. Koenig 2000 Jackie Chan Adventures (TV Series) Karl Nivor 2000 The Wild Thornberrys (TV Series) Wild Horse 2000 Operation Sandman (TV Movie) Dr. Harlan Jessup 1999 Family Law (TV Series) Roy 1998 Godzilla: The Series (TV Series) Leviathan Alien / Ship Captain 1997 Perversions of Science (TV Series) 40132 1997 Tracey Takes On... (TV Series) Stuart 1996 Wing Commander Academy (TV Series) Daimon Karnes 1995 Mr. Stitch (TV Movie) Doctor Frederick Texarian 1995 Picture Windows (TV Series) Gambler 1994-1995 Phantom 2040 (TV Series) Graft 1995 Original Sins (TV Movie) Chas Bradley 1994 The Cisco Kid (TV Movie) Lt. Col. Delacroix 1993 Arly Hanks (TV Movie) Jim-Bob Buchanan 1992 Blind Man's Bluff (TV Movie) Frank Cerrillo 1986 Miami Vice (TV Series) John Ruger 1985 Our Family Honor (TV Series) Bausch 1985 MacGruder and Loud (TV Series) Attorney 1985 The Fall Guy (TV Series) Thug 1979 Ryan's Hope (TV Series) Dr. Bernie Marx - Episode #1.1041 (1979) ... Dr. Bernie Marx Hide 2014 Elwood (Short) (executive producer) Hide 1998 An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island (Video) (performer: "Friends of the Working Mouse") 1993 Animaniacs (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - Dough Dough Boys/Boot Camping/General Boo-Regard (1993) ... (performer: "Do Your Ears Hang Low?" - uncredited) 1993 Cronos ("We Wish You a Merry Christmas", uncredited) Hide 2000 Bread and Roses (special thanks) 1995 Crying Freeman (the producers wish to thank) Hide 2016 A Place Among the Undead (TV Series documentary) Himself (2016) 2015 The Making of 'Skin Trade' (Video documentary short) Himself 2013-2014 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) Himself 2014 World Premiere (TV Series) Himself 2004-2014 The View (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2013 Vivir de cine (TV Series) Himself 2013 Good Day L.A. (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2009-2012 1000 Ways to Die (TV Series documentary) Himself - Narrator / Sparky the Dog 2011 Scream Awards 2011 (TV Special) Himself 2011 Janela Indiscreta (TV Series) Himself 2009 Whatever Happened To? (TV Series) Himself 2008 The Movie Loft (TV Series) Himself 2008 Scream Awards 2008 (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2008 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) Himself 2008 Starz Inside: Comic Books Unbound (TV Movie documentary) Himself - Actor, Hellboy 1 & 2 2008 Casting Session (TV Series documentary) Himself / Clay Morrow 2006 Take 3 ( |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Brother Bones' whistled version of which song is the Harlem Globetrotter's signature?"
] | Harlem Globetrotters bringing 'Fans Rule' Tour to Arena | Infinite Energy Center Harlem Globetrotters bringing 'Fans Rule' Tour to Arena By: Deanna Allen Published: Thursday, March 13, 2014 Brother Bones’ whistled version of “Sweet Georgia Brown” — the Harlem Globetrotters’ signature song — will be heard throughout the Arena at Gwinnett Center on Saturday. The exhibition basketball team, which combines athleticism, theater and comedy, will entertain Gwinnett fans with a game at 7:30 p.m. as the Globetrotters’ Blue Team brings the 2014 “Fans Rule” World Tour to the Arena. Before fans head out to the game, they have the opportunity to go online to www.harlemglobetrotters.com/rule and vote for a new rule that will be added to the game each quarter. “The fourth quarter is a live vote based on applause,” Globetrotter Buckets Blakes said. New rules include the following: • Make or Miss — This quarter starts with two players from each team. In order to get more players on the court the teams need to score. Each time a team scores, another player from that team may enter the court. However, for every shot the team misses they lose a player. • Hot Hand Jersey — Both teams will have a hot hand jersey they can pass among each other to wear during this quarter. The player wearing the jersey will be awarded double points when they score. • Trick Shot Challenge — Each team has three trick shot challenges during the quarter. If the team makes the trick shot challenge they get 5 points. If they miss, the other team gets the 5 points. • 6 on 5 — Five Globetrotters will play six opponents. • TWO Ball Basketball — Globetrotter basketball played with two balls at the same time. How does Buckets react to the new rules each quarter? “It’s actually fun,” he said. “You have these anticipatory feelings, you know excitement, so to speak. It’s exciting to have to improvise.” Buckets said his favorite rule is Hot Hands Jersey. “They call me Buckets cause I can score a lot of baskets,” he said. While scoring is important, there’s an entertainment factor to the game. “There’s an entertainment aspect of the game that allows you to kind of turn off the real seriousness of basketball for a second and entertain, then you have to turn it back on, the seriousness, because at the end of the day you want to win the game.” Audiences can expect an interesting approach to the game of basketball when the Globetrotters play. “They’re gonna get a chance to see some amazing basketball be played,” Buckets said. “They’re gonna see some trick shots close to the basket, from half court and maybe even from the stands. They’re gonna see lots of crowd participation.” After the game, fans will get the opportunity to meet the players and get autographs signed before the players head to the locker rooms. For more information on the event, visit www.gwinnettcenter.com. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which Dan Brown novel is the first to feature Robert Langdon?"
] | The Official Website of Dan Brown Dan Brown Launches Inferno Experience Robert Langdon needs your help. Are you up to the task? Sony Entertainment, Google, and Dan Brown have teamed up to create puzzles for a three-week online experience, The Inferno Journey Through Hell. In it, players assist Robert Langdon in solving three puzzles per week that relate to Dante's Inferno. Dan calls the game "a plunge into the depths of hell using the Seven Deadly Sins as the ladder." Visit Journey Through Hell to uncover the mystery...and enter for a chance to win a trip to Italy. To learn more about the film, check out this article from USA Today . To stay up-to-date on the latest Dan Brown News, stay tuned to Dan's Facebook , Instagram , and Twitter pages. Dan Brown Announces New Novel Available September 26, 2017, the new novel, Origin, thrusts Robert Langdon into the dangerous intersection of humankind’s two most enduring questions. Global publishing phenomenon Dan Brown, author of the #1 international blockbusters Inferno and The Da Vinci Code, has written his latest Robert Langdon thriller titled Origin. Doubleday will release the novel in the U.S. and Canada on September 26, 2017 and it will also be available as an ebook and an audiobook from Penguin Random House Audio. Origin will be published simultaneously in the U.K. by Transworld Publishers, a division of Penguin Random House. Additionally, a U.S. Spanish language edition will be published by Vintage Español. The announcement was made today by Sonny Mehta, Chairman and Editor-in-Chief of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Jason Kaufman, Vice President and Executive Editor at Doubleday, will edit the novel. In keeping with his trademark style, Brown interweaves codes, science, religion, history, art and architecture into this new novel. Origin thrusts Harvard symbologist Robert Langdon into the dangerous intersection of humankind’s two most enduring questions, and the earth-shaking discovery that will answer them. There are more than 200 million copies of Dan Brown’s books in print worldwide, and his novels have been translated into 56 languages. To learn more, stay tuned to Dan's Facebook , Instagram , and Twitter pages. Inferno Vlog#4 - Locations Go on location with the cast and crew of Inferno as they give you a glimpse of the historic locations behind Langdon's latest adventure. Go on location with the cast and crew of Inferno as they give you a glimpse of the historic locations behind Langdon's latest adventure. The film hits theaters internationally starting October 12th, followed by the U.S. premiere on October 28th. To stay up to date on the latest Inferno movie news, visit Dan's Facebook Page or the Movie's Official Twitter Page . Inferno Vlog#3 - Langdon's Superpower Robert Langdon’s superpower? Eidetic memory. Ron Howard discusses Langdon’s memory loss in this Vlog for the Inferno movie. Tom Hanks takes you behind the scenes to talk about Robert Langdon's superpower, eidetic memory, in today's vlog for the Inferno movie. The film hits theaters in internationally starting October 12th and in the U.S. on October 28th. To stay up to date on the latest Inferno movie news, visit Dan's Facebook Page or the Movie's Official Twitter Page . Dan discusses The Da Vinci Code - Young Adult Edition For more on what it is and why we believe in the importance of reaching young readers, watch this clip from an interview with Dan. The YA edition of The Da Vinci Code is available internationally. For more on what it is and why we believe in the importance of reaching young readers, watch this clip from an interview with Dan. Inferno Vlog#2 - Zobrist's Manifesto Dan and Ron take you behind the scenes to give you a glimpse of Zobrist's Manifesto. In the word's of Bertrand Zobrist, “It has always been this way. Death is followed by birth. To reach paradise, man must pass through inferno." Take a look behind the scenes, as Dan Brown and Ron Howard give you a glimpse of Zobrist's Manifesto. The film hits theaters internationally starting October 12th, followed by the U.S. premiere on |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In which US state is the Ivy League Brown University?"
] | The 10 Best Universities in the United States Top Picks: Universities | Public Universities | Liberal Arts Colleges | Engineering | Business | Art | Women's | Most Selective | More Top Picks These comprehensive universities offer graduate degrees in fields such as liberal arts, engineering, medicine, business and law. For smaller colleges with more of an undergraduate focus, check out the list of top liberal arts colleges . I won't make the arbitrary distinctions needed to decide whether Harvard or Princeton or Stanford is the better school. Listed alphabetically, these ten universities have the reputations and resources to rank them among the best in the country. Compare Top Universities (non Ivy): SAT Scores | ACT Scores Will You Get In? See if you have the grades and test scores you need to get into any of these top universities with this free tool from Cappex: Calculate Your Chances for These Top Universities Brown University Campus. Barry Winiker / Photolibrary / Getty Images Brown University Located in Providence Rhode Island, Brown University has easy access to both Boston and New York City. The university is frequently considered the most liberal of the Ivies, and it is well known for its flexible curriculum in which students construct their own plan of study. Brown, like Dartmouth College , places more emphasis on undergraduate study than you'll find at research powerhouses like Columbia and Harvard. Costs, aid, and other information: Brown profile continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States Low Library at Columbia. Photo Credit: Allen Grove Columbia University Strong students who love an urban environment should definitely consider Columbia University. The school's location in upper Manhattan sits right on a subway line, so students have easy access to all of New York City. Keep in mind that Columbia is a research institution, and only about a third of its 26,000 students are undergraduates. Duke University. cb2vi3 / flickr Duke University Duke's stunning campus in Durham, North Carolina , features impressive Gothic revival architecture in the campus center, and extensive modern research facilities spreading out from the main campus. With an acceptance rate in the teens, it is also the most selective university in the South. Duke, along with nearby UNC Chapel Hill and NC State , make up the "research triangle," an area purported to have the highest concentration of PhDs and MDs in the world. Costs, aid, and other information: Duke profile Harvard University. David Paul Ohmer / flickr Harvard University For better or worse, Harvard University almost always tops the rankings of national universities, and its endowment is by far the largest of any educational institution in the world. All of those resources bring some perks: students from families with modest incomes can attend for free, loan debt is rare, facilities are state of the art, and faculty are often world-renowned scholars and scientists. The university's location in Cambridge, Massachusetts, places it within an easy walk to other excellent schools such as MIT and Boston University . University of Pennsylvania. rubberpaw / Flickr University of Pennsylvania Benjamin Franklin's university, Penn, is frequently confused with Penn State , but the similarities are few. The campus sits along the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia, and Center City is just a short walk away. The University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School is arguably the strongest school of business in the country, and numerous other undergraduate and graduate programs place high in national rankings. With close to 12,000 undergraduates and graduate students, Penn is one of the larger Ivy League schools. Costs, aid, and other information: Penn profile Yale University. o2ma / flickr Yale University Like Harvard and Princeton, Yale University frequently finds itself near the top of rankings of national universities. The school's location in in New Haven, Connecticut, allows Yale students to get to New York City or Boston easily by road or rail. The school has an impre |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Who actress played Sister Sarah Brown in the1955 musical film Guys and Dolls?"
] | Jean Simmons - Remembering Jean Simmons Photos - Pictures - CBS News Remembering Jean Simmons Photos Next Jean Simmons British actress Jean Simmons, who starred in historical epics and costume dramas but perhaps made her biggest splash as a Salvation Army member in the musical "Guys and Dolls," died Friday, Jan. 22, 2010 at age 80. She is seen here in a 1965 file photo. Credit: AP "Great Expectations" Simmons made her movie debut at age 14 in the 1944 British production "Give Us the Moon." Two years later she appeared as Young Estella in David Lean's 1946 adaptation of Charles Dickens' "Great Expectations" (left). More than four decades later, Simmons appeared as the aged Miss Havisham in a British TV remake. Credit: Universal Pictures Simmons appeared as Kanchi in Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's evocative drama "Black Narcissus" (1947). Credit: Universal Pictures "Hamlet" Simmons appeared as Ophelia in Laurence Olivier's Academy Award-winning film of "Hamlet." She received the first of two Academy Award nominations, as Best Supporting Actress. Credit: Universal Pictures Simmons is embraced by her fianc Credit: AP Photo "Desiree" Simmons appeared as Desiree Clary opposite Marlon Brando's Napoleon in the 1954 "Desiree." The two were reunited in "Guys and Dolls." Credit: MGM Some Doll Simmons is shown with Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra and Vivian Blaine in the film version of "Guys and Dolls." Simmons played Sergeant Sarah Brown, the starchy Salvation Army member who is wined, dined and wooed by gambler Sky Masterson (Brando). Credit: Samuel Goldwyn Films At the Oscars Cary Grant and Jean Simmons are seen at the 30th Academy Awards ceremony on March 26, 1958. Simmons accepted the Oscar awarded the absent Alec Guinness for his performance in "The Bridge on the River Kwai." Credit: AP Photo "Spartacus" Simmons starred in the epic "Spartacus" as a slave who is romanced by a Roman general (Olivier) and by the leader of a slave revolt (Kirk Douglas). Credit: Universal Pictures "Elmer Gantry" After starring as evangelist Sister Sharon Falconer in the Oscar-winning adaptation of Sinclair Lewis' "Elmer Gantry" (1960), Simmons married the director, Richard Brooks. Credit: United Artists "The Happy Ending" Simon received an Oscar nomination for Best Actress for her performance as a runaway housewife in "The Happy Ending" (1969), directed by her husband, Richard Brooks. She later won an Emmy for the TV mini-series "The Thorn Birds." Credit: United Artists |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Who was the lead singer of the band whose only UK chart topper was So you win again"
] | Errol Brown: A Fondent Farewell Home / Issue 1080 / Features / Errol Brown: A Fondent Farewell Feature Errol Brown: A Fondent Farewell With their 14-year run of hit singles from 1970 to 1984, London-based Hot Chocolate became one of the most consistently successful groups in UK chart history. This February sees the outfit’s charismatic former front-man/key songwriter Errol Brown historically embarking on a 21-date Farewell Tour of the UK. The only group - and one of only three acts, period - to have scored a hit in every year of the Seventies, Hot Chocolate impressively clocked up no less than 25 British Top 40 singles during their time together; beginning with their Top 10 debut ‘Love Is Life’ in August 1970, and ending with the Number 13 success of ‘I Gave You My Heart’ in February 1984. Indeed, with seductive, bald-headed lead singer Errol Brown becoming almost a UK substitute for harder-hitting US soul love-gods-of-the-day like Isaac Hayes, the five-piece multi-racial combo had already become inextricably entwined with British Seventies pop culture by the time their sixteenth single - the haunting ‘So You Win Again’ - became their first (and only) British chart-topper in 1977. Having begun their recording career back in 1969 with a reggae version of John Lennon’s ‘Give Peace a Chance’ (released on The Beatles’ Apple label), Hot Chocolate - in collaboration with British pop mega-producer Mickie Most (for whose RAK label they recorded during the whole of their aforementioned hit-making period) - arguably peaked during the disco era of the mid-to-late Seventies. When their two biggest international smashes - 1975’s ‘You Sexy Thing’ and 1978’s ‘Every One’s A Winner’ - also significantly saw them hit the US Top Ten. Nevertheless, their success continued well into the Eighties, via Top Five entries like 1980’s ‘No Doubt About It’ and 1982’s ‘It Started With A Kiss’. Which, in autumn 2004, became voted by the UK public as one of the Top 20 love songs of all time. With Errol himself leaving the band in 1985, his career as a solo artist (which peaked with the Number 25 success of his 1987 single ‘Personal Touch’) never came close to repeating the groundbreaking success he’d formerly enjoyed as a member of Hot Chocolate. Nevertheless, the enduring appeal of the band’s aforementioned mid-Seventies disco-funker ‘You Sexy Thing’ has since seen it officially become the only track to achieve British Top 10 status in the Seventies, Eighties and Nineties; with much of its ongoing appeal being credited to its appearances in a string of films (most notably the 1997 male stripper comedy ‘The Full Monty’). While the lasting impact made by Hot Chocolate’s music in general has been proven by the Platinum-selling UK chart-topping success of two compilations - 1987’s ‘The Very Best Of Hot Chocolate’ and 1993’s ‘Their Greatest Hits’. Meanwhile, Kingston, Jamaica-born Errol’s role key role in Hot Chocolate’s success (as both lead singer and primary songwriter) has more recently seen him being awarded with an MBE for Services To Music by The Queen in 2003 and, in 2004, an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. A keen golfer, Brown now lives with his wife of over 30 years - Ginette - in The Bahamas. From where he speaks in-depth about his trailblazing career to ‘Blues & Soul’’s ever-attentive Pete Lewis on the eve of his forthcoming final British tour. What was the thinking behind your upcoming UK Farewell Tour? “Really the thinking came out of the blue, to be honest. I did a tour of the UK four years ago and, at the time, told my close friends and family that that was it - I’d done my thing. But then, in late 2007, I began to think that it wasn’t a good idea just to drift away and that, because of the support and love I’d had over all the years, that I should come out and say ‘Goodbye and thank you’. So for this tour we’re gonna just go down Memory Lane and reminisce. You’re gonna get 15 or 16 of the hit records I’ve had. And, with me having toured solo since 1991, I do have a full band with a drummer, bass-player, tw |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Italian gynaecologist Doctor Giorgio Fischer invented which surgical procedure in 1974?"
] | History of Liposuction | Liposuction4You.com Contact Us The History of Liposuction Liposuction is one of the most popular cosmetic surgical procedures in the United States, but it is still a relatively new procedure. Although surgeons had attempted to remove fat using scalpels to manually take out the fat for a long time before suction-assisted procedures came along, that kind of surgery didn't work well. The history of liposuction is a bit vague, since several people claim to have invented it or been the first to do certain types. The first use of suction to help remove the fat is attributed to a French surgeon named Charles Dujarier in the 1920s. Unfortunately, he treated a famous Parisian model and gangrene set in, leading to her death. That put a stop to suction-assisted fat removal for several decades. Liposuction was again invented in 1974 by two Italian gynecologists, Dr. Giorgio Fischer, and his son Dr. Giorgio Fischer, Jr. They discovered a way to internally cut away at fat tissue within the body using an electric-powered rotating scalpel inserted through small incisions. This rotating scalpel was similar to a gynecological instrument used for dilation and curettage procedures. This tool is essentially an oscillating blade contained within a thin metal tube called a cannula. The destroyed fat cells (along with other tissue, fluid, and blood, no doubt) were suctioned out through rubber tubing by a vacuum machine. The Fishers' technology was not as fine-tuned as that used today and is really just barely comparable, but they gave birth to modern liposuction. But early attempts at vacuum-assisted lipoplasty (or suction-assisted lipectomy, suction lipectomy) resulted in a great deal of blood loss, permanent numbness in the treated areas, asymmetry, and very unpredictable results. Surgeons began to change the procedure and create their own techniques. Liposuction was being fine tuned through the 1970s and 1980s. Unfortunately, when a new procedure is introduced the patient becomes the guinea pig. During this time, surgeons tried various kinds of oscillating blades that were encased in metal cannulas and sharp bladeless cannulas were also tried. If there was a new theory on what would work better, there was a patient on the receiving end of the newer technique. Next Step in Liposuction: The Invention of the Tunneling Technique and Use of Blunt Cannulae In 1977, a French plastic surgeon named Dr. Yves-Gerard Illouz greatly improved suction-assisted lipoplasty through the use of a blunt-tipped cannula. The use of a blunt cannula produces less bleeding, less nerve and blood vessel damage, and was easier for the surgeon to manipulate through fatty tissue. Dr. Illouz also saw shorter recovery times and less postoperative discomfort when a blunt-tipped cannula was used. Less blood loss meant fewer complications, such as shock, the need for blood transfusions, or the occasional death from blood and fluid loss. Cosmetic surgeons started using a tunneling technique with the cannula around this time. This began the journey towards liposuction as we know it. Dr. Pierre-Francois Fournier further improved liposuction techniques in collaboration with Dr. Illouez. They became known as the pioneers of liposuction as we know it. Plastic surgeons, dermatologists, and plastic surgery societies outside of France caught wind of this new and exciting procedure in the early 1980s. Many traveled to observe liposuction procedures performed by Drs. Illouz and Fournier. Soon surgeons brought liposuction to the United States and began practicing this procedure on their own. American surgeons found that liposuction was truly beneficial when performed by a surgeon who was skilled, responsible, and had a good aesthetic eye. But with new procedures comes new concerns. Not everyone was convinced of the safety and efficacy of the liposuction procedure, especially in the wrong hands. There were questions regarding proper technique, the effects of skin elasticity, asymmetry, pain management, and of course, which areas of the body could be safely treated. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"A stogie is a cheap, thin what?"
] | What is a Stogie? What is a Stogie? Tweet on Twitter A lot of new cigar smokers often hear the word “stogie” or “stogies” a lot, a lot of aficionados throw this word around along with a lot sites, blogs and forums, the word is almost always used when talking about cigars even by those who have been smoking for years so its common to assume that stogies mean cigars by a beginner but have you ever wondered what is a stogie exactly?. Even though the word is almost synonymous with cigars it is far from true though, even though it is used almost always not all cigars are stogies, I made this mistake for quite some time too and thought lets find out exactly what is a stogie! The most common confusion A huge debate between those who don’t understand the term is whether stogies are cigarettes or cigars. It’s a common misunderstanding for those who are not familiar with it. If you have just started or have been smoking for sometime you might still be confused. For cigar beginners to call a cigarette a stogie is a slap on the face by an aficionado. It is highly insulting to the entire industry. Stogies are cigars and not cigarettes, Cigs are just cigs there is no other name for them whereas some cigars are rightfully called stogies because they are whereas you can almost always mention any cigar to be a stogie while using it as a slang. In short: A cigarette is not a stogie, a cigar is. What is a Stogie? Stogie – Slang The term is most commonly used as a slang or a cool way of saying cigars. You can almost always call any cigar a stogie just don’t call a Cuban a stogie because that’s just annoying. In simpler, quicker terms a stogie is a cheap, thin and already cut from both the sides cigar. It is a good cigar for beginners who just want to try it before really jumping into it. There is more to it though then just a simple line explanation, to really understand the difference between stogies and cigars, you have to understand where they came from. History of Stogies The word Stogie is a nickname of Cheroot which was derived from the french word Cheroute which comes from a meaning in tamil for “roll of tobacco” . The french introduced the word Cheroot in there own culture when they were trying to influence the culture of South of India in sixteenth century. Whereas the word stogie is an abbreviation of the word ‘Conestoga’ which is a town near Lancaster, PA. This is where cheap, self made cigars became popular. The drivers of Conestoga wagons always had a self made cigar, thin cigar which was tied up with rope for long journeys in there mouths which observers started calling stogies. Initially the stogie’s reference was for the shoes of the wagon drivers, this was during the time of gold rush and thus the number of wagon’s travelling increased drastically. The easy way of remembering the wagons was giving them a nickname and the drivers who wore thick sole shoes became stogies. Later on as the wagon activity slowed down the term stogies got associated with the thin cheap cigar that they smoked. Overtime the shoe reference fell out of history completely and the term stuck around with cigar lovers. While other cigar’s are from there respective regions, cheroots or stogies are from Asia. Traditionally smoked in Burma and India, they also became part of the British culture as the British power took reign. Overtime the term became a slang for cheap cigars all over the world and eventually stogies became a nickname to cheroots and became a slang word for all the cigars. Stogies Popularity Stogies became quite popular very early on for the fact that they did not taper. Which made them very cheap to produce and thus very cheap to buy. Along with there price, early t mid 1900’s smoking cheroots was also believed to be a way of staying away from Malaria. Verrier Elwin a missionary and a teacher in India wrote in 1957 in his memoir Leaves from the Jungle: Life in a Gond Village about cheroots immunity like qualities. Present day researchers and historian believe that it was not the consumption of cheroot but the aroma that mosquitoes disliked |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is the name of Inspector Gadget’s dog in the children’s tv cartoon series ‘Inspector Gadget’?"
] | Inspector Gadget (TV Series 1983–1986) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A bumbling bionic police inspector stumbles about on his cases, while his niece and dog secretly do the real investigative work. Creators: Dr. Claw, with the aid of Dr. Spectrum and Bert Sweetley, uses a dream beam to give the citizens of Metro City nightmares. 8.1 Inspector Gadget foils the evil plans of Dr. Claw to steal a valuable pearl necklace. This adventure takes Chief Quimby and the Inspector to Hong Kong. Safety Tip: Don't be greedy and overeat. 8.0 GADGET has ordered a new watch. 8.0 a list of 47 titles created 25 Jul 2012 a list of 32 titles created 05 Aug 2014 a list of 30 titles created 10 Nov 2014 a list of 25 titles created 02 Dec 2015 a list of 28 titles created 1 month ago Search for " Inspector Gadget " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Title: Inspector Gadget (1983–1986) 6.8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3/10 X The Smurfs are little blue creatures that live in mushroom houses in a forest inhabited mainly by their own kind. The smurfs average daily routine is attempting to avoid Gargomel, an evil man who wants to kill our little blue friends. Stars: Don Messick, Danny Goldman, Lucille Bliss The misadventures of two modern-day Stone Age families, the Flintstones and the Rubbles. Stars: Alan Reed, Mel Blanc, Jean Vander Pyl The globe-trotting treasure-hunting money-making adventures of billionaire Scrooge McDuck and his nephews. Stars: Alan Young, Russi Taylor, Terence McGovern The adventures of a quartet of humanoid warrior turtles and their friends. Stars: Cam Clarke, Barry Gordon, Rob Paulsen The misadventures of a futuristic family. Stars: George O'Hanlon, Janet Waldo, Mel Blanc The daily satirical adventures of the Looney Tunes star The Tazmanian Devil, along with his extended family, friends, and enemies on the island of Tasmania. Stars: Jim Cummings, Rob Paulsen, Maurice LaMarche Disney's fun-loving chipmunks are reimagined as the leaders of a team of detectives/crime-fighters, rounding out the team are two mice, Gadget Hackwrench and Monterey Jack and Zipper, a fly. Stars: Corey Burton, Peter Cullen, Jim Cummings A Saturday morning series, collecting of some of the most popular classic cartoons from the Looney Tunes catalogue. Stars: Mel Blanc, June Foray A bumbling superhero battles crime with the help of his daughter and pilot sidekick. Stars: Jim Cummings, Terence McGovern, Christine Cavanaugh Yogi, a smooth, talkative forest bear looks to raid park goers picnic baskets, while Park Ranger Smith tries to stop him. Stars: Daws Butler, Don Messick, Jimmy Weldon The most powerful man in the universe, He-Man, goes against the evil forces of Skeletor to save the planet Eternia and to protect the secrets of Castle Grayskull. Stars: John Erwin, Alan Oppenheimer, Linda Gary The desert in the U.S. southwest is the natural habitat of the Road Runner, a high-octane, cartoon bird who runs so fast on the desert's roadways that he leaves a trail of flame or causes ... See full summary » Stars: Mel Blanc, June Foray, Bea Benaderet Edit Storyline Bumbling Inspector Gadget battles the forces of M.A.D. with the aid of the various gadgets he has on his person: pop-up rollerskates, extensible arms, a helicopter-hat, etc. Despite the arsenal at his disposal (which is just as likely to misfire as work properly), Gadget never seems to be able to catch Dr. Claw, the mastermind behind M.A.D. Quite often, in fact, any success that Gadget might have is often caused by his niece Penny and her dog, who Gadget consistently fails to recognize as working incognito on the case. Written by Murray Chapman <[email protected]> Go Go Gadget Great See more » Genres: 12 September 1983 (USA) See more » Also Known As: |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is the chemical compound Calcium Oxide commonly known as?"
] | Quick Lime, Calcium Oxide, Lime calcium oxide 25kgs/compound bags, 1000kgs/compound bags or on customized. Delivery Detail: Quick Lime, Calcium Oxide, Lime Brief introduction Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic and alkaline crystalline solid at room temperature. Product description： H.S. Code:2825909000 Properties: Colorless or white block or powder. In the air absorb carbon dioxide and water.The relative density of 320-3.38, melting point 2614 degree, boiling point 2850 degree. In water is generated with calcium hydroxide and give off a lot of heat, slightly soluble in water, soluble in acid. Corrosive. To eyes, respiratory system and skin irritation. Use: Analytics reagents, spectral analysis reagent, phosphor mechanism. Auxiliary solvent, vegetable oil decoloring agents, gas analysis, used on carbon dioxide absorber. Lot reagents used in semiconductor production of denotation, and diffusion process. Technical Data Sheet |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In the human body, the hallux is more commonly known by what name?"
] | Hallux | definition of hallux by Medical dictionary Hallux | definition of hallux by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hallux Related to hallux: hallux limitus hallux [hal´uks] (pl. hal´luces) (L.) the great toe. hallux flex´us hallux rigidus . hallux mal´leus hammer toe affecting the great toe. hallux ri´gidus painful flexion deformity of the great toe with limitation of motion at the metatarsophalangeal joint. hallux val´gus angulation of the great toe toward the other toes of the foot. hallux va´rus angulation of the great toe away from the other toes of the foot. great toe [I] [TA] the first digit of the foot. /hal·lux/ (hal´uks) pl. hal´luces [L.] the great toe. hallux doloro´sus a painful condition of the great toe, usually associated with flatfoot. hallux flex´us h. rigidus . hallux mal´leus hammer toe affecting the great toe. hallux ri´gidus painful flexion deformity of the great toe with limitation of motion at the metatarsophalangeal joint. hallux val´gus angulation of the great toe toward the other toes. hallux va´rus angulation of the great toe away from the other toes. hallux (hăl′əks) n. pl. halluces (hăl′yə-sēz′, hăl′ə-) 1. The innermost or first digit on the hind foot of certain mammals. The human hallux is commonly called the big toe. 2. A homologous digit of a bird, reptile, or amphibian. In birds, it is often directed backward. hallux Etymology: L, hallex, large toe the great toe. Also spelled hallex. hal·lux The great toe; the first digit of the foot. [a Mod. L. form for L. hallex (hallic-), great toe] hallux The big toe. hallux the first digit on the hind foot of vertebrates, such as the big toe in humans. hallux the first, great or big toe. hallux rigidus is a stiff and painful toe resulting from osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint. In hallux valgus the toe bends at this joint towards the second toe, and the joint bulges from the side of the foot. Can result in permanent displacement (possibly with a degree of external rotation) greater than 10%. Additional friction from poorly fitting footwear can result in a bursa, and the prominence of bone-plus-bursa is known as a bunion . hallux great toe; first toe Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: everted rearfoot References in periodicals archive ? In brief, mass was measured utilizing a digital scale, tarsus depth was measured with calipers at the midpoint of the tarsus in a front-to-back direction, hallux length was measured as the cord length from the junction of the anterior surface of the talon at the point the claw meets the skin of the toe to the tip of the claw, exposed culmen length was measured with calipers as the cord length between the tip of the beak and the junction of the beak and cere, wing cord was measured with a ruler from the closed wing from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary, and tail length was measured with a ruler between the center rectrices from the emergence from the skin to the tip of the longest rectrix (Hull and Bloom 2001). |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The wool of a Shahtoosh shawl comes from which endangered animal?"
] | Cashmere Shawls of Uncompromising Quality - Sunrise Pashmina What's a shawl? In recent decades, pashmina has become known internationally as a term applied to the wool, and products made from the wool, that is derived from the undercoat of the "Cashmere goat," any of various breeds sometimes referred to as Capra hircus laniger (wool-bearing domestic goat). These breeds are raised primarily at high elevations in Central Asia, particularly Mongolia. Due to the ongoing war in Kashmir, and with the die-off of goat herds in Ladakh due to blizzards, China has been able to dominate pashmina production in past couple of decades. There is a lot of misinformation (or disinformation) about pashmina online. This may be due to the lack of scientific research, and/or to the fact that most production is in out-of-the-way places that are never visited by the staff of pashmina shawl manufacturers or exporters. Claims made about the relative fineness of cashmere and pashmina are false. Claims made that pashmina (or, alternatively, the best pashmina) comes only from the throat and belly of the goat are also false. Shahtoosh (Persian for "King fabric") is a term used for a fiber and fabric derived from the undercoat of an endangered Tibetan antelope, the chiru, and is illegal in most Western countries, but easily obtainable in India. It is much more expensive than pashmina. And did we mention that it is illegal? 20 Myths about pashmina Myth #1: Pashmina is different from, and better than, cashmere. Briefly, pashmina is cashmere, which is the fiber or fabric woven from fiber deriving from the undercoat of certain high-elevation (and therefore long-haired) breeds of domestic goat. Myth #2: Pashmina is produced only by a special goat known as Capra hircus. Capra hircus is just the scientific name for domesticated goats in general. The caprids are those animals belonging to the goat and antelope genus. Wiktionary gives three meanings for hircus: 1) a buck, male goat; 2) (by extension) the rank smell of the armpits; 3) (figuratively) a filthy person. Cashmere goat breeds have been referred to as Capra hircus laniger (laniger means wool-bearing), but this is not an accepted scientific grouping. Myth #3: Pashmina is produced only in the high Himalayas. There are many goat breeds with fine undercoats, and they are raised in China, Mongolia, Australia, the United States, India (particularly Ladakh), and elsewhere. The huge preponderance of cashmere yarn fabric now comes from China. Myth #4: Pashmina wool is plucked only from the undercoat of the throat and chest of the animal. Just not true. The undercoat extends around the whole animal, more or less, and none of it is intentionally wasted. Myth #5: Real pashmina is produced only in Kashmir. Kashmir (in India) has prevailed in an epic trade dispute with the result that the word "pashmina" is considered to belong to Kashmiri cashmere producers. Nepal had to settle for "chyangra pashmina," which means "goat cashmere." Potato, potahto. Myth #6: A fullsize pashmina is too big for a petite woman. Pashmina shawls are customarily quite large. The usual fullsize is 95 X 203 cm (36" x 80"). But even Asian women, who are typically rather small, wear fullsize shawls quite comfortably; because of the light weight of the fabric, the shawls can easily be folded lengthwise and/or widthwise, so that the generous dimensions are never a liability. What we call "medium-size" is not much smaller: the same length, and only 20 cm (8") narrower. Myth #7: In pashmina, more plies is better. Threads can be twisted together to make thicker threads, which can then producer thicker fabrics. On the other hand, there is no need to twist threads together, when the individual thread can be made any desired thickness. Furthermore, fabrics can be made more dense by packing the threads closer together (i.e., using four paddles instead of two). These days very few shawl producers in Kathmandu are using true double-ply yarn. In fact, multiple-ply yarn is now used almost exclusively for knitted goods. One further remark: in pashmina |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The boxer Sonny Liston appears on the cover of which Beatles album?"
] | Boxer on Beatles album cover - BoxRec Boxer on Beatles album cover Quote Post by -KOKid- » 27 Mar 2006, 17:18 I was always under the impression that the fighter on The Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" album cover was Ezzard Charles. I have read this in several different sources. But, this bio on Sonny Litson says it was him that was featured on the cover, not Charles. Can anyone clear ths up fo me? Who is it? Thanks! Post by surf-bat » 27 Mar 2006, 17:52 -KOKid- wrote: I was always under the impression that the fighter on The Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" album cover was Ezzard Charles. I have read this in several different sources. But, this bio on Sonny Litson says it was him that was featured on the cover, not Charles. Can anyone clear ths up fo me? Who is it? Thanks! http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0514288/bio -KOKid- It's Liston. I believe having him on the cover inspired The Monkees to use him in their movie HEAD. Post by BoxBuzz » 27 Mar 2006, 19:32 It's Sonny Can't imagine anyone making that mistake....see for yourself. Post by -KOKid- » 28 Mar 2006, 07:30 Strange. The book "Boxing Unseen Archives" states that it is Charles. Liston would be the boxer of choice for The Beatles as he was the more well known name. But why would anyone have it be Charles? -KOKid- Quote Post by mercman » 28 Mar 2006, 07:46 It is definitely Liston. I used to have that poster when I was a student and staring down from the wall it was unmistakenly Sonny Liston. Post by Roll With The Punches » 29 Mar 2006, 07:22 BoxBuzz wrote: Post by sockdolager » 29 Mar 2006, 08:46 Roll With The Punches wrote: BoxBuzz wrote: ugh this is harder than 'Where's Wally' far left, he is cut in half in the white w/ yellow robe. At least I assume that is him, Ive looked at this for several minjutes now and if it isnt him than I am insane! Quote Post by BoxBuzz » 29 Mar 2006, 09:15 Correct you are...far left in the Robe.....hard to see on this "internet" version. But if you have the album or access to the full pic there is absolutely no doubt that it is indeed the "scowling one". Post by john2345 » 29 Mar 2006, 11:40 It's Liston! It always Liston! I bought the LP when it was gfirst released, and was a big Liston fan at the time.... it's Liston J Post by john2345 » 29 Mar 2006, 11:41 Sorry...this keyboard is useles...I meant to type "It always WAS Liston" in previous post...J Post by john2345 » 29 Mar 2006, 11:53 See link Sonny is listed as number 54. If you click on the images they enlarge (slightly!) J Post by Brutu » 30 Mar 2006, 18:42 From what I rember its not really Sonny Liston but his wax effigy from Madame Tussauds. They origianlly wanted Muhammad Ali for the cover,but couldnt get the rights or something. Quote Post by BoxBuzz » 30 Mar 2006, 19:52 correct, there are no live bodies in that ensemble save the beatles themselves. Its a wax of Sonny Post by pound per pound » 30 Mar 2006, 21:32 john2345 wrote: It's Liston! It always Liston! I bought the LP when it was gfirst released, and was a big Liston fan at the time.... it's Liston J Post by BoxBuzz » 31 Mar 2006, 11:24 pound per pound wrote: john2345 wrote: It's Liston! It always Liston! I bought the LP when it was gfirst released, and was a big Liston fan at the time.... it's Liston J It is Liston. Who are the other faces in the crowd? The link above answers that question. Post by john2345 » 31 Mar 2006, 12:41 pound per pound wrote: john2345 wrote: It's Liston! It always Liston! I bought the LP when it was gfirst released, and was a big Liston fan at the time.... it's Liston J It is Liston. Who are the other faces in the crowd? See Post by Aftermath » 11 Apr 2006, 16:32 The Beatles submitted a list of the people they admired most to be on the album cover. John Lennon also wanted Jesus Christ and Adolf Hitler to be included on the cover. The record company did not include them because they thought they might offend some people. Another 60’s British group, the Animals also mentioned Sonny Liston and Cassius Clay in their song “I’m Mad Again”. Post by THE DANCING MASTER » |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which French sculptor died in November 1917?"
] | F-Auguste-R Rodin, French sculptor (Baiser... November 17 in History November 17, 1917 in History Died: F-Auguste-R Rodin, French sculptor (Baiser, Thinker), dies at 77 Related Topics: |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"‘Air & Style’ and ‘X-Trail Jam’ are events in which sport?"
] | Official History of the World Snowboard Tour Halfpipe: cancelled due to bad weather conditions 2003/04 Season In the 2003/2004 season, the TTR was comprised of the same nine events. The nine TTR medallion winners from these events received invites to the Arctic Challenge, which was once again the final event of the TTR series. 2003/2004 TTR Champions: Halfpipe: Andy Finch 2004/05 Season The 2004/2005 season was the last TTR season with only nine events and the Arctic Challenge as the final event. Big changes and expansion were on the horizon for the 2005/2006 season. Due to bad weather conditions, two out of three TTR finals at the Arctic challenge were cancelled. 2004/2005 TTR Champions: Halfpipe: cancelled 2005/06 Season The 05/06 season saw the introduction of the TTR Star Tier system (1 – 6Star levels) and TTR’s own Ranking System, as well as, the launch of the first TTR website (www.ttrworldtour.com) and the official Women’s Tour. The star tier event system allowed for more structure within the tour and opened room for more events to be included in the TTR system. With more events on the tour (67 events in total), the TTR continued establishing its credibility as a globally recognized independent snowboard Tour. The launch of the TTR World Ranking list on December 5th, 2005 resulted in the crowning of the first-ever TTR World Tour Champion at the US Open Snowboarding Championships. 6Star Events: Ästhetiker Jam Wängl Tängl World Superpipe Championships The 06/07 season opened the floodgates for increased tour interest highlighted by an overflow of media inquiries, rider requests and event applications confirming the model’s success. 2006/2007 World Tour Champions: Men’s TTR World Tour Champion: Shaun White (USA) Women’s TTR World Tour Champion: Torah Bright (AUS) 2007/08 Season The 07/08 season saw added incentive for riders with the introduction of TTR End Of Season Prize Purse worth $250,000. In 07/08, 176 results were registered from 4 formats (Slopestyle, Halfpipe, Quarterpipe and Stadium Slopestyle) from events in 27 nations from 4 continents. The ongoing increase of riders participating each year reached another maximum in 07/08 with a total of 3417 riders (2706 men, 711 women) from 41 nations. 6Star Events: Burton New Zealand Open Snowboarding Championships Billabong Air & Style Honda Session at Vail At the General Assembly in May 2008, measures were taken to further foster the progression of the Tour and, thus, the development of the sport of snowboarding itself. Among those were the introduction of the season-end bonus points system and the increase in number of determining results for a rider’s final ranking from an average of six to eight. 2007/2008 World Tour Champions: Men’s TTR World Tour Champion: Kevin Pearce (USA) $50,000 Women’s TTR World Tour Champion: Jamie Anderson (USA) $50,000 2008/2009 Season In November 2008, due to the cancellation of three 6Star events, the Air & Style in Munich, the Slopestyle at the Oakley Arctic Challenge in Oslo and The Session in Vail, the decision had to be made to reduce the number of determining results from eight to seven. Despite the cancellation of three premiere events, the TTR had its most successful season to date with record number of participating riders and building recognition in the mainstream worldwide. In 08/09, 187 results were registered in four formats. Participation levels continued to increase with a total of 4,207 riders (822 women and 3385 men) from 25 different countries. 6Star Events: Men’s TTR World Tour Champion: Peetu Piiroinen (FIN) $50,000 Women’s TTR World Tour Champion: Kelly Clark (USA) $50,000 2009/2010 The 2009/2010 season was arguably the busiest year in freestyle snowboarding history with the regular TTR season operating alongside the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympic Games. This is also the season when the game changed in halfpipe riding with many riders like Shaun White , Luke Mitrani and Louie Vito unveiling new double-cork tricks at the 2009 5Star Burton New Zealand Open. While this new type of trick blew minds throughout the |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Lester B. Pearson became Prime Minister of which country in April 1963?"
] | Lester B. Pearson - The Canadian Encyclopedia Politicians Lester B. Pearson Lester Bowles "Mike" Pearson, prime minister 1963–68, statesman, politician, public servant, professor (born 23 April 1897 in Newtonbrook, ON; died 27 December 1972 in Ottawa, ON). Lester Bowles "Mike" Pearson, prime minister 1963–68, statesman, politician, public servant, professor (born 23 April 1897 in Newtonbrook, ON ; died 27 December 1972 in Ottawa , ON). Pearson was Canada's foremost diplomat of the 1950s and 1960s, and formulated its basic post- WWII foreign policy. A skilled politician, he rebuilt the Liberal Party and as prime minister strove to maintain Canada's national unity. Under his leadership, the government implemented a Canada Pension Plan , a universal medicare system, a unified armed force , and a new flag . In 1957, he received the Nobel Peace Prize for his diplomatic efforts in facilitating Britain and France’s departure from Egypt during the Suez Crisis. Early Life and Career Son of a Methodist parson, Pearson spent his childhood moving from one parsonage to another before enrolling in history at the University of Toronto . With the outbreak of the First World War , he enlisted in the Canadian Army Medical Corps and in 1915 was shipped to Greece to join the Allied armies fighting the Bulgarians. After two years of stretcher-bearing, he transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in England. His military career came to a sudden end when he was run over by a London bus and invalided home. After earning his BA at the University of Toronto in 1919, Pearson was undecided on a career. He tried law and business, won a fellowship to Oxford, and was hired by the University of Toronto to teach history, which he combined with tennis and coaching football . Pearson also married and soon had children. Finding a professor's salary insufficient, he joined the Department of External Affairs (now Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development ). By 1928 he had trained himself as a perceptive observer and an able writer, both useful qualities in his work. Pearson quickly attracted the attention of his deputy minister, O.D. Skelton . Representing Canada Abroad In 1935 he was sent to London as first secretary in the Canadian High Commission, giving him a front-row seat as Europe drifted towards the Second World War . He was profoundly influenced by what he saw and thereafter attached great importance to collective defence in the face of dictatorships and aggression. In 1941 Pearson returned to Canada. He was sent to Washington as second-in-command at the Canadian Legation in 1942, where his easygoing personality and personal charm made him a great success, particularly with the press. In 1945, he was named Canadian ambassador to the United States and attended the founding conference of the United Nations (UN) at San Francisco. Deputy Minister of External Affairs In September 1946, Pearson was summoned home by Prime Minister Mackenzie King to become deputy minister (or undersecretary) of external affairs. He continued to take a strong interest in the UN but also promoted a closer political and economic relationship between Canada and its principal allies, the US and the United Kingdom. Pearson's work culminated in Canada's joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ) in 1949. He strongly supported a Western self-defence organization, although he hoped that its existence would persuade the Soviet Union (what is now largely Russia) that aggression would be futile. Minister of External Affairs By the time NATO was in place, Pearson had left the civil service for politics. In September 1948, he became minister of external affairs and subsequently represented Algoma East, Ontario , in the House of Commons . As minister, he helped lead Canada into the Korean War as a contributor to the UN army and, in 1952, served as president of the UN General Assembly, where he tried to find a solution to the conflict. His efforts displeased the Americans, who considered him too inclined to compromise on difficult points of principle. His greatest diplomatic achievem |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The conflict between rival political factions the Girondins and the Jacobins, during the French Revolution, was known as The Reign of what?"
] | The Reign of Terror | World History Project Jun 1793 to Jul 1794 The Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror (June, 1793 – July 27, 1794), also known as the The Terror (French: la Terreur) was a period of violence that occurred for one year and two months after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution." Estimates vary widely as to how many were killed, with numbers ranging from 16,000 to 40,000; in many cases, records were not kept, or if they were, they are considered likely to be inaccurate. The guillotine ("National Razor") became the symbol of a string of executions: Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, the Girondins, Louis Philippe II and Madame Roland, as well as many others, such as "the father of modern chemistry" Antoine Lavoisier, lost their lives under its blade. During 1794, revolutionary France was beset with real or imagined conspiracies by internal and foreign enemies. Within France the revolution was opposed by the French nobility, which had lost its inherited privileges. The Roman Catholic Church was generally against the Revolution, which had turned the clergy into employees of the state and required they take an oath of loyalty to the nation (through the Civil Constitution of the Clergy). In addition, the First French Republic was engaged in a series of French Revolutionary Wars with neighboring powers. The extension of civil war and the advance of foreign armies on national territory produced a political crisis, and increased the rivalry between the Girondins and the more radical Jacobins; the latter were eventually grouped in the parliamentary faction called the Mountain, and had the support of the Parisian population. The French government established the Committee of Public Safety, which took its final form on 6 September 1793 and was ultimately dominated by Maximilien Robespierre, in order to suppress internal counter-revolutionary activities and raise additional French military force. Through the Revolutionary Tribunal, the Terror's leaders exercised broad dictatorial powers and used them to instigate mass executions and political purges. The repression accelerated in June and July 1794, a period called "la Grande Terreur" (The Great Terror), and ended in the coup of 9 Thermidor Year II (27 July 1794), the so-called "Thermidorian Reaction", in which several leaders of the Reign of Terror were executed, including Saint-Just and Robespierre. Source: Wikipedia Added by: Jabril Faraj Related Topics |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The liqueur Maraschino is flavoured with which fruit?"
] | Cook's Thesaurus: Fruit Liqueurs fruit liqueurs Substitutes: fruit wine OR fruit syrup OR extracts (use much less) Varieties: apple schnapps apricot liqueur Notes: This liqueur tastes like both apricots and almonds. Substitutes: apricot brandy OR amaretto (made with apricot pits) Bauchant Pronunciation: bow-CHAHN Notes: This is an orange liqueur. Substitutes: Grand Marnier OR Cointreau OR triple sec blackberry liqueur Notes: Kroatzbeere and Marie Brizard are well-regarded brands. blue curacao cassis liqueur Ch�ri Suisse = Cheri Suisse Pronunciation: share-ee SWEESE Notes: This is a chocolate and cherry flavored liqueur. It's often mixed with milk. Substitutes: chocolate liqueur cherry liqueurs Notes: There are many varieties of cherry liqueurs, including the chocolate-flavored Ch�ri Suisse , Cherry Heering = Peter Heering, cr�me de cerise , Cherry Rocher, Kirschenliqueur, Cherry Grand Marnier = Cherry Marnier, and Maraschino liqueur . Substitutes: port wine OR kirsch OR cherry syrup Citr�nge = Citronge Pronunciation: see-TRONGE Notes: This is a Mexican orange liqueur. Cointreau Pronunciation: kwahn-TROW Notes: This is an orange liqueur that�s not as well regarded as Grand Marnier, but considered a step above cura�ao and triple sec. Substitutes: Grand Marnier (nicer and more expensive) OR cura�ao (sweeter) OR triple sec (even sweeter) OR unsweetened orange juice concentrate OR Chambord (a raspberry liqueur) cranberry liqueur Notes: Boggs is a well-regarded brand. Substitutes: raspberry liqueur cr�me d'abricots = creme d'abricots Pronunciation: KREM dab-ree-KOE Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that has an apricot flavor. Substitutes: apricot liqueur (not as sweet) cr�me d'ananas = creme d'ananas Pronunciation: KREM dah-nah-NAH Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that has a pineapple flavor. Substitutes: cr�me de banane cr�me de banane = creme de banane Pronunciation: KREM de bah-NAHN Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that has a banana flavor. It's often used to make banana daiquiris. Substitutes: cr�me d'ananas (pineapple flavor) cr�me de cassis = creme de cassis Pronunciation: KREM de cah-CEASE Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur made with black currants and rum. It's very sweet, and often mixed with white wine to make kir. Substitutes: black currant syrup (similar flavor, non-alcoholic) OR raspberry liqueur (not as sweet) cr�me de cerise = creme de cerise Pronunciation: KREM de sare-EASE Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that has a cherry flavor. Substitutes: cherry liqueur (not as sweet) OR kirsch (not as sweet) cr�me de fraise = creme de fraise = cr�me � la fraise des bois = creme a la fraise des bois Pronunciation: KREM de FREZ Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that has a strawberry flavor. Substitutes: cr�me de framboise OR cr�me de cassis cr�me de framboise = creme de framboise Pronunciation: KREM de frahm-BWAHZ Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that has a raspberry flavor. Substitutes: cr�me de fraise OR cr�me de cassis cr�me de griotte Pronunciation: KREM de gree-YUT Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that's flavored with sour Morello cherries. Substitutes: cr�me de cassis cr�me de mandarine = creme de mandarine Pronunciation: KREM de mahn-dah-REEN Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that has a mandarin orange flavor. Substitutes: orange liqueur cr�me de m�re = creme de mure Pronunciation: KREM de MYUR Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that's flavored with blackberries. Substitutes: cr�me de cassis cr�me de myrtille Pronunciation: KREM de meer-TEEL Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that's flavored with blueberries. Substitutes: cr�me de cassis cr�me de p�che = creme de peche Pronunciation: KREM de PESH Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that's flavored with peaches. cr�me de prunelle = creme de prunelle Pronunciation: KREM de prew-NELL Notes: This is a cr�me liqueur that's flavored with sloe berries. Substitutes: sl |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Piemont and Lombardy are regions in which European country?"
] | Italian Castle Hotels Lombardy and Piedmont Some great reasons to visit LOMBARDY Milan If you’re traveling about northern Italy, sooner or later you’ll pass through this sprawling, industrial city. Spend a day or two to visit the cathedral (Duomo), which is one of the largest in the world. Construction began in 1386 and finished in 1809 under order of Napoleon. Housed in a palace, the Brera Picture Gallery (Pinacoteca di Brera) is rich in works by Mantegna, Raphael, Bellini, Rembrandt, Goya, and Caravaggio. The Church of St. Mary of Grace (Santa Maria delle Grazie) is home Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper. Opera aficionados always enjoy a few hours at the La Scala Theatre Museum (Museo Teatrale alla Scala), a fascinating look back into the history of La Scala . The Lake District One of Italy’s most glorious regions, the Italian Lakes evoke romantic, fairytale-like vistas of blue waters at the foot of noble mountains, aristocratic villas, and terraced gardens overflowing with brilliant flowers. Each lake exudes a different atmosphere: Lake Como boasts precious, flower-filled villages, dreamy gardens, and castles and villas; Lake Maggiore, known for its legendary beauty, has an extraordinary variety of lush vegetation and exclusive lakeside villas; Lake Orta, one of the smallest of Italy’s lakes, enjoys a mild climate, while the shores of Lake Garda, the largest, are covered with vineyards, cypresses, citrus, olive, and palm trees. Lombardy’s Renaissance Cities Surrounded by 16th-century Venetian walls, the Upper Town of Bergamo is filled with architectural treasures. Off the Piazza Vecchia, the Palazzo della Ragione is the oldest communal palace in Italy, dating from 1199. Aldous Huxley called Mantua the most romantic city in the world (well, perhaps an exaggeration), but the Ducal Palace (Museo di Palazzo Ducale), with its 500 rooms and 15 courtyards, should appeal to subscribers of the “more is better” lifestyle. Finally, Cremona, known as the home of the world’s most exquisite violins—the Stradivarian Museum is a good start—also hosts a magnificent cathedral (Duomo) with its Torrazzo, a beautiful campanile that is the tallest in Italy. PIEDMONT Turin (Torino) Site of the 2006 Winter Olympics, this gracious city also plays host to the famous Shroud of Turin, which is tucked away in the Cattedrale di San Giovanni and seldom shown. The world-class Egyptian Museum (Museo Egizio and Galleria Sabauda) has an outstanding collection of Egyptology second only to Cairo and London, while the Galleria houses the extensive art collection of the House of Savoy. Gourmet Delicacies! Foodies should make the pilgrimage to Alba and indulge in its delicious tartufi bianchi (white truffles) and wild mushrooms. Ski Resorts In this region of Italy, you’ll find ski resorts galore with some 400 km of slopes. Among the best are Sestriere, Claviere, Sansicario, Cesano Torinese, and Sauze d’Oulx. |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Fakt is the biggest-selling daily newspaper in which European country?"
] | What does fakt mean? This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word fakt Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Fakt Fakt is a Polish tabloid-style daily newspaper and the biggest-selling paper in the country, with a circulation of more than 500,000 and an estimated readership of 7 million. The paper was launched in October 2003 by the Polish outlet of the German publishing company Axel Springer AG, Axel Springer Polska, and modeled on Springer's German tabloid Bild, the biggest-selling newspaper in Europe. Like its German counterpart Bild, Fakt is characterised by its downmarket, often sensationalist journalism with a populist appeal. However, politically it is by and large centrist. More recently, it has supported former prime minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz's policies; Marcinkiewicz also regularly contributes invited comments. Other regular contributors of op-ed pieces include Tomasz Lis, a prominent television journalist with political ambitions, TVN anchorman Kamil Durczok, and former Rzeczpospolita columnist Maciej Rybiński. Untypically for a tabloid and in contrast to its usual content, Fakt has a weekly supplement entitled Europa which contains high-brow essays by scholars and public intellectuals, which in 2006 have included Niall Ferguson, Francis Fukuyama, Jürgen Habermas, and Robert Kagan. Numerology The numerical value of fakt in Chaldean Numerology is: 6 Pythagorean Numerology |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The headquarters of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) are in which European city?"
] | Europe and Central Asia | United Nations Europe and Central Asia Europe and Central Asia Europe and Central Asia The main centres of United Nations activity in Europe and Central Asia are Geneva, Switzerland, Vienna, Austria and The Hague in the Netherlands. Geneva is home to the UN Office at Geneva (UNOG) and the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). Vienna is home to the UN Office in Vienna (UNOV). The Hague is the seat of the International Court of Justice . There are also many regional and country offices of UN system entities, and UN political offices in Europe and Central Asia. An aerial view of the United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG), Switzerland. UN Office at Geneva (UNOG) The UN Office in Geneva located in Geneva, Switzerland, serves as the representative office of the Secretary-General at Geneva. It is a focal point for multilateral diplomacy, and services more than 8,000 meetings every year, making it one of the busiest conference centres in the world. With more than 1,600 staff, it is the biggest duty station outside of United Nations Headquarters in New York. There are many UN system entities with a presence in Geneva. UN Office in Vienna (UNOV) The UN Office in Vienna performs representation and liaison functions with permanent missions to the United Nations (Vienna), the host Government and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations in Vienna. There are many UN system entities with a presence in Vienna. The Hague, International City of Peace and Justice The Hague is the International City of Peace and Justice. There are 160 international organisations in The Hague, employing around 14,000 people dedicated to the cause of world peace. The seat of the International Court of Justice is at the Peace Palace in The Hague. Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York. Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) The major aim of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) , which has its Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, is to promote pan-European economic integration. To do so, it brings together 56 countries that are part of the European Union, non-EU Western and Eastern Europe, South-East Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and North America. All these countries dialogue and cooperate under the aegis of UNECE on economic and sectoral issues. However, all interested United Nations member States may participate in the work of UNECE. Over 70 international professional organizations and other non-governmental organizations take part in UNECE activities. UN Peacekeeping Operations in Europe and Central Asia UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has Special and Personal Representatives, Envoys and Advisers in the European region. Department of Political Affairs (DPA) The UN’s Department of Political Affairs works in the European region. Department of Public Information (DPI) There are UN Information Centres in the Europe and CIS region. UN System Offices in Europe United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) UNDP works in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) UNICEF works in countries in Central and Eastern Europe, and the Commonwealth of Independent States. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) UNFPA has country offices in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) UNHCR works in Eastern Europe , South-Eastern Europe , and Northern, Western, Central and Southern Europe . World Health Organization (WHO) WHO Headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO has a regional office for Europe in Copenhagen, Denmark and country offices in Europe . Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) UNAIDS works in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. International Labour Organization (ILO) UN Women has a regional office for Europe and Central Asia, and country offices. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) UNIDO Headquarters is in Vienna, Austria. UNIDO also has several liaison and country offices, desks and focal points for Europe and the Newly Independent States . Un |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Who was the first black footballer to play for England?"
] | England's Black and Minority Ethnic Players - Index Page Last Updated 15 November 2016 England's 80 Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) Players 80 BME players have appeared for England through to the match against Spain on 15 November 2016. The first BME player at senior level, Viv Anderson, was the 936th player to appear for England since their first match in 1872. The most recent BME player to make his England debut, Jesse Lingard, was the 1217th player to appear for England. Thus, since the "colour barrier" 38 years ago, in November 1978, roughly one in every three and a half players making an England debut has been BME. It may have been possible to have seen the first BME footballer playing for England back in October 1925 with London-born Jack Leslie, a prolific striker for Plymouth Argyle between 1920 & 1935, scoring over 400 goals. Leslie had been informed by his manager Bob Jack that he had been selected to play for England. He later received communication cancelling his call up to the England team stating that they didn't realise he was 'a man of colour'. Jack Leslie later remarked in 1982 to Brian Woolnough: "They must have forgotten I was a coloured boy." A decade later saw the emergence of another great - Hong Y Frank Soo, although born in Buxton, Derbyshire in 1914, he had a Chinese father. If it had not been for the outbreak of war, he would certainly have gained full international honours for England, as he was rated as one of the best inside forwards of the pre-war era. He gained nine wartime and victory caps. - Football fine art Even before the time of Anderson, now relatively dubbed 'The First BME Player to Play for England', there is another candidate, and maybe if their was not the racism problems that blighted English football throughout the 1960's, then maybe a loud shout would have come from the Leeds United camp. Paul Reaney, allegedly of mixed-race. But without further evidence, other than a few objective photographs.... then if Reaney, why not Alf Ramsey? We are not ruling out Reaney, we just require more evidence.- CG Perhaps race will be irrelevant one day, but that time has not yet arrived. While racism remains a problem in English football, these numbers indicate great strides forward have been taken at the level of national team selection. We have not made a count, but we doubt any other European national side, with the possible exception of France, comes close to England in number of BME players. That is not to say racial considerations have not influenced England squad and team selections. We have no way of knowing whether or not they have. But we do know that, according to a former England manager, Football Association officials on at least one occasion tried to make race a consideration in England team selection. Vivek Chaudhary reported in The Guardian of 24 January 2004 that a former England manager had "alleged that during his tenure he was told by senior FA officials not to pick too many black players." The manager, Chaudhary wrote,"claims that he was called into an office where two senior FA officials were present and they told him that his England team should be made up of predominantly white footballers." Chaudhary's story said the manager, who "has a long history of closely working with some of England's leading black players over the past 25 years, privately spoke about the incident at the lunch" marking the 10th anniversary of Kick It Out , the football anti-racism group, but "refused to go public with his allegation." Disappointingly, but not surprisingly , the rest of the English media ignored Chaudhary's report. The manager in question is plainly Graham Taylor . On several occasions during his three-year m |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In which year was singer Elvis Presley born?"
] | Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb Elvis Presley Biography Showing all 302 items Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (10) | Trivia (225) | Personal Quotes (36) | Salary (24) Overview (5) The King of Rock 'n' Roll Height 5' 11¾" (1.82 m) Mini Bio (1) Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in East Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Presley (née Gladys Love Smith) and Vernon Presley (Vernon Elvis Presley). He had a twin brother who was stillborn. In September 1948, Elvis and his parents moved to Memphis, Tennessee where he attended Humes High School. In 1953, he attended the senior prom with the current girl he was courting, Regis Wilson. After graduating from high school in Memphis, Elvis took odd jobs working as a movie theater usher and a truck driver for Crown Electric Company. He began singing locally as "The Hillbilly Cat", then signed with a local recording company, and then with RCA in 1955. Elvis did much to establish early rock and roll music. He began his career as a performer of rockabilly, an up-tempo fusion of country music and rhythm and blues, with a strong backbeat. His novel versions of existing songs, mixing 'black' and 'white' sounds, made him popular - and controversial - as did his uninhibited stage and television performances. He recorded songs in the rock and roll genre, with tracks like "Jailhouse Rock" and "Hound Dog" later embodying the style. Presley had a versatile voice and had unusually wide success encompassing other genres, including gospel, blues, ballads and pop music. Teenage girls became hysterical over his blatantly sexual gyrations, particularly the one that got him nicknamed "Elvis the Pelvis" (television cameras were not permitted to film below his waist). In 1956, following his six television appearances on The Dorsey Brothers' "Stage Show", Elvis was cast in his first acting role, in a supporting part in Love Me Tender (1956), the first of 33 movies he starred in. In 1958, Elvis was drafted into the military, and relocated to Bad Nauheim, Germany. There he met and fell in love with 14-year old army damsel Priscilla Ann Wagner ( Priscilla Presley ), whom he would eventually marry after an eight-year courtship, and with whom he had his only child, Lisa Marie Presley . Elvis' military service and the "British Invasion" of the 1960s reduced his concerts, though not his movie/recording income. Through the 1960s, Elvis settled in Hollywood, where he starred in the majority of his thirty-three movies, mainly musicals, acting alongside some of the most well known actors in Hollywood. Critics panned most of his films, but they did very well at the box office, earning upwards of $150 million total. His last fiction film, Change of Habit (1969), deals with several social issues; romance within the clergy, an autistic child, almost unheard of in 1969, rape, and mob violence. It has recently received critical acclaim. Elvis made a comeback in the 1970s with live concert appearances starting in early 1970 in Las Vegas with over 57 sold-out shows. He toured throughout the United States, appearing on-stage in over 500 live appearances, many of them sold out shows. His marriage ended in divorce, and the stress of constantly traveling as well as his increasing weight gain and dependence upon stimulants and depressants took their toll. Elvis Presley died at age 42 on August 16, 1977 at his mansion in Graceland, near Memphis, shocking his fans worldwide. At the time of his death, he had sold more than 600 million singles and albums. Since his death, Graceland has become a shrine for millions of followers worldwide. Elvis impersonators and purported sightings have become stock subjects for humorists. To date, Elvis Presley is the only performer to have been inducted into three separate music 'Halls of Fame'. Throughout his career, he set records for concert attendance, television ratings and recordings sales, and remains one of the best-selling and most influential artists in the history of popular music. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Ed Stephan and Chris Holland Spouse |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Bert Handy, Penny Panting and Lily Duveen are all characters in which ‘Carry On’ film?"
] | Carry On Regardless | The Carry On Collection Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Carry On Cruising Carry on Regardless was the fifth in the series of Carry On films to be made. It was released in 1961. By now a fairly regular team was established with Sid James , Kenneth Connor , Charles Hawtrey , Joan Sims and Kenneth Williams all having appeared in previous entries. Hattie Jacques - who was also a regular - makes a cameo appearance during a hospital scene. "Professor" Stanley Unwin appears in a guest role, playing his trademark "gobbledegook" speaking act. This would be the final appearance in the series for early regular Terence Longdon . Liz Fraser makes her debut in Carry On Regardless and would appear in a further three Carry On films . |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The 2004 Chuetsu Earthquakes occurred in which country?"
] | 2004 chuetsu earthquake : definition of 2004 chuetsu earthquake and synonyms of 2004 chuetsu earthquake (English) 5 External links Details The first quake struck the Chuetsu area of Niigata Prefecture, Japan with a reading of 7 on the Japanese shindo scale at Kawaguchi, Niigata . On the Richter scale , the moment magnitude of the earthquake is estimated at 6.8. For comparison, the Great Hanshin earthquake , which devastated much of Kobe , measured 7 on the shindo scale, with a magnitude of 7.2. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 15.8 km. The JMA gave the coordinates of the earthquake as 37°18′N 138°48′E / 37.3°N 138.8°E / 37.3; 138.8 Coordinates : 37°18′N 138°48′E / 37.3°N 138.8°E / 37.3; 138.8 . A second earthquake occurred at 6:12 p.m. (16 minutes after the first). This one, at a much shallower depth, also caused a shindo of 6+ and had a magnitude of 5.9. A third, at 6:34, had a shindo of 6−. At 7:46, another shindo 6− earthquake occurred. Intervening and subsequent earthquakes of lesser intensity also shook the region. During the first 66 hours, 15 earthquakes with intensities of shindo 5− or higher rocked the Chuetsu region. In a press release, the Geographical Survey Institute (GSI) of the Government of Japan published preliminary estimates that a fault having a length of 22 km and a width of 17 km moved approximately 1.4 m. This was the deadliest earthquake to strike Japan since the January 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake . Damage Damaged road; photo taken in October, 2004, Ojiya As late as November 3, the 39th fatality attributable to the earthquakes occurred as perceptible aftershocks continued. Over 3,000 injuries were reported in Niigata Prefecture. Over one hundred thousand people fled their homes. The earthquakes caused houses to collapse in Ojiya and damaged thousands in the area. Disaster relief convoy of the Japan Self-Defense Forces For the first time in its history, a Shinkansen train derailed while in service. Eight out of ten cars of the Toki 325 service (a 200 Series Shinkansen ) derailed on the Joetsu Shinkansen line between Nagaoka Station in Nagaoka and Urasa Station in Yamato ; no injuries were reported among the 155 passengers. The railbed, bridges and tunnels were all affected. East Japan Railway Company (JR East) stopped all trains in Niigata Prefecture, including the extensively damaged Joetsu Line , Shinetsu Main Line , Iiyama Line , Tadami Line and Echigo Line . Part of Nagaoka Station appeared ready to collapse as a result of an aftershock, but after a brief closure, the station reopened. Soup is distributed to people left homeless by the earthquake The section of the Joetsu Shinkansen between Echigo-Yuzawa Station and Tsubame-Sanjo Station closed. Buses transferred passengers between the two operating sections of the line: Tokyo Station to Echigo-Yuzawa Station and Tsubame-Sanjo Station to Niigata Station . Derailed Joetsu Shinkansen train several days after the earthquake On December 27, 2004, service resumed on all remaining parts of the Joetsu and Iiyama Lines reopened. On December 28, 2004, the Joetsu Shinkansen also reopened, the last to do so. Japan Highways closed all expressways in Niigata Prefecture. Closures affected the Kanetsu Expressway and the Hokuriku Expressway . As of November 4, the Kanetsu Expressway remained closed between Nagaoka Interchange and Koide Interchange. This segment reopened on November 5. Landslides and other problems forced closure of two national highways, Route 8 and Route 17 , as well as several prefectural roads. This isolated several localities, including nearly the entire village of Yamakoshi , which was then a village in the district of Koshi but since merged with and became part of the city of Nagaoka . On July 22, 2005, the government lifted the nine-month-old evacuation order for 528 of the 690 affected households. The earthquakes also caused a landslide that partially buried three vehicles. A young boy was rescued from one of these vehicles, but his mother and sister perished. (Recent typhoons had waterlogged the soil, making |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"David McConnell was the founder of which cosmetics company in 1886?"
] | Avon Founder - David H. McConnell Print Avon Founder David H. McConnell - Creating the Company for Women Avon Founder David H. McConnell offered women a rarity in 19th century America: a chance at financial independence. In 1886, it was practically unheard of for a woman to run her own business. Only about 5 million women in the United States were working outside the home, let alone climbing the ranks of any corporate ladder. That number accounted for just 20% of all women. On the heels of the Industrial Revolution in the United States, women were mainly confined to jobs in agriculture, domestic service and manufacturing, not exactly glamorous lines of work; the manufacturing sector, in particular, was notorious for its dangerous working conditions. On top of that, women’s wages across the board were a fraction of men’s. For many women, McConnell would radically alter that scenario. The man behind the company for women was the son of Irish immigrants and grew up on a farm. Yet, it was this young man from rural New York, a visionary leader decades ahead of his time, who would become a pioneer in empowering women. McConnell, a bookseller-turned-perfume entrepreneur, would offer women the opportunity to create and manage their own businesses through what later became known as direct selling. Origins of an Idea In his travels as a book salesman, McConnell made two important discoveries. First, he quickly noticed that his female customers were far more interested in the free perfume samples he offered than they were in his books. He made these fragrances himself to serve as “door openers” when he traveled from home to home. Second, McConnell saw women struggling to make ends meet and recognized in many of them natural salespeople who would easily relate to other women and passionately market the products his new company would first sell -- perfumes. McConnell's First Sales Representative McConnell’s first recruit for Avon, then known as the California Perfume Company, was Mrs. P.F.E. Albee of New Hampshire. Not only did he provide Mrs. Albee and other early Representatives with an earnings opportunity when employment options for women were extremely limited, he fostered a supportive environment with a familial feel. (The company newsletter was even called the “Family Album.”) In one of his regular letters to Representatives, he wrote: “All success lies in one’s self and not in external conditions. … Misfortunes are only a discipline, and there are possibilities which often are awakened by them which suggest to us the power and strength we possess, that perhaps otherwise would never have been recognized.” No wonder the Representative ranks rose to 5,000 in just 13 short years. Power of the Product and the People To McConnell, the product and the people were everything to the company, and he dedicated himself to ensuring that both would be successful. In addition to inspiring the Representatives, McConnell also wanted to encourage the company's employees with the same positive spirit. A century before it would become de rigueur for companies to institute employee incentive programs and hire hordes of consultants to make sure employees were happy, motivated and productive, McConnell knew just how to rally the troops. The motivational leader created a set of guiding principles that are still the heart and spirit of Avon today. They include: Providing an earnings opportunity so individuals can achieve financial independence and enjoy all that comes with such an accomplishment. Recognizing everyone's unique contributions. Giving back to the communities Avon serves. Offering the highest-quality products with a guarantee of satisfaction. Maintaining and cherishing the "friendly spirit of Avon." McConnell believed strongly in the potential of people, and that in that potential lay the power of possibility and, eventually, success: “If we stop and look over the past and then into the future, we can see that the possibilities are growing greater and greater every day; that we have scarcely begun to reach the proper results from the |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The poisonous fungus Amanita Phalloides is better known by what name?"
] | Amanita caesarea, Caerer's mushroom, Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for March 2002 Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for March 2002 This month's fungus is Amanita caesarea, Caesar's mushroom. For the rest of my pages on fungi, please click TomVolkFungi.net Beware the Ides of March. Amanita is a well-defined genus of mycorrhizal Agaricales (gill forming mushrooms) that have a white spore print, gills (lamellae) that are free from the stipe (stalk) and a universal veil covering the young mushroom buttons. When the mushroom expands, the universal veil is broken; the bottom of the universal veil forms the cup shaped volva at the base of the mature mushroom. The top of the universal veil is often left at the top of the mushroom cap, forming a patch or sometimes breaking up into scaly floccules. Most species also have a partial veil, a membranous structure that protects the developing gills of the young mushroom. When the mushroom cap expands, the partial veil breaks and is left as a ring (annulus) on the stalk. See the picture to the right for labeling of these various parts of the mature mushrooms and the expanding button. Some Amanita species, such as A. fulva and A. vaginata lack the partial veil and annulus. Almost all other genera of mushrooms lack the universal veil and volva-- a notable exception is Volvariella, but that genus has a pink spore print and always grows on wood or other debris, including other mushrooms. As you might guess from the name, Amanita caesarea was a favorite of the emperors of the Roman Empire, the Caesars. Perhaps Julius Caesar ate a meal of this delicious mushroom before Brutus did him in on the Ides of March (March 15). Et tu Brute? However, the most famous killing involving Amanita took place in ancient Rome circa 50-60 A.D. The Emperor Claudius had ascended to the throne after the assassination of his nephew Caligula. We've all heard about the decadence (and Roman porno movies, such as "Veni, Vidi, Veni") associated with Caligula. Anyway, Claudius had several wives, but finally married his fourth wife Agrippina, who was also his niece. Agrippina already had a son from a previous marriage, Nero, for whom she had great plans. She persuaded Claudius to adopt Nero, putting him in line for the throne, should something happen to Claudius. (You can see where this is going already.) Agrippina was an impatient woman, and could not wait for a natural death for Claudius; she plotted to kill him by feeding Claudius his favorite meal, Amanita caesarea, laced with extracts from Amanita phalloides, the death cap. When the symptoms set in the next day, a co-conspirator doctor Xenophon administered an enema of colocynth, a potent toxin from a plant called bitter apple, which together with the mushroom toxin killed Claudius. Nero and his fiddle thus became emperor, and the rest, as they say, is history. It is pretty well accepted that true Amanita caesarea does not exist in North America, having been described from the Italian region. So although Amanita caesarea is the fungus of the month, none of the picture on this page are really Amanita caesarea. To the right is (probably) Amanita hemibapha from Texas; the pictures above, from Connecticut, are likely Amanita jacksonii. These two species are collective called the "American Caesar's Mushroom." As currently circumscribed, Amanita species are very narrowly defined, and species identification is difficult, at best. There are significant microscopic differences between the three species, and until someone does the molecular (DNA) studies on this group, we should consider them to be different species. The picture to the right also illustrates why you should carefully dig under mushrooms when you are collecting them. If you just pulled these mushrooms out by their stems you might miss the diagnostic character, the volva. Looking back at the pictures on this page, I should also point out that these mushrooms are *much* more beautiful when you see live fresh specimens. There are also much better, very beautiful pictures of these mushrooms in existe |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which Polish-born astronomer proposed that the planets orbit the sun, and was later proved right?"
] | Nicolaus Copernicus Biography: Facts and Discoveries The Copernican Planisphere, illustrated in 1661 by Andreas Cellarius. Credit: Public domain In the early 1500s, when virtually everyone believed Earth was the center of the universe, Polish scientist Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the planets instead revolved around the sun. Although his model wasn't completely correct, it formed a strong foundation for future scientists to build on and improve mankind's understanding of the motion of heavenly bodies. Indeed, other astronomers built on Copernicus’ work and proved that our planet is just one world orbiting one star in a vast cosmos loaded with both, and that we’re far from the center of anything. [See also our overview of Famous Astronomers and great scientists from many fields who have contributed to the rich history of discoveries in astronomy.] Here is a brief biography of Copernicus: Celestial education Born on Feb. 19, 1473, in Poland, Copernicus traveled to Italy at the age of 18 to attend college, where he prepared for a career in the church. As part of his education, he studied astrology — reading the stars to learn about future events — because at the time it was felt important for priests and doctors. Astronomy, the motion of heavenly bodies, was an important element of this. (Today, astronomy is a recognized science, whereas astrology is not .) Nicolaus Copernicus Credit: Public Domain While attending the University of Bologna, he lived and worked with astronomy professor Domenico Maria de Novara, doing research and helping him make observations of the heavens. When he returned to Poland to take up official duties in Frauenburg, his room in one of the towers surrounding the town boasted an observatory, giving him ample time and opportunity to study the night sky. Copernicus never took orders as a priest, but instead continued to work as a cleric. A new model In Copernicus' lifetime, most believed that Earth held its place at the center of the universe. The sun, the stars, and all of the planets revolved around it. One of the glaring mathematical problems with this model was that the planets, on occasion, would travel backward across the sky over several nights of observation. Astronomers called this retrograde motion . To account for it, the current model, based on the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy's view, incorporated a number of circles within circles — epicycles — inside of a planet's path. Some planets required as many as seven circles, creating a cumbersome model many felt was too complicated to have naturally occurred. In 1514, Copernicus distributed a handwritten book to his friends that set out his view of the universe. In it, he proposed that the center of the universe was not Earth, but that the sun lay near it. He also suggested that Earth's rotation accounted for the rise and setting of the sun, the movement of the stars, and that the cycle of seasons was caused by Earth's revolutions around it. Finally, he (correctly) proposed that Earth's motion through space caused the retrograde motion of the planets across the night sky (planets sometimes move in the same directions as stars, slowly across the sky from night to night, but sometimes they move in the opposite, or retrograde, direction). It wasn't until he lay on his deathbed at the age of 70 that Copernicus published his book, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium ("On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"). In it, Copernicus established that the planets orbited the sun rather than the Earth. He lay out his model of the solar system and the path of the planets. Refining the work Although Copernicus' model changed the layout of the universe, it still had its faults. For one thing, Copernicus held to the classical idea that the planets traveled in perfect circles. It wasn't until the 1600s that Johannes Kepler proposed the orbits were instead ellipses. As such, Copernicus' model featured the same epicycles that marred in Ptolemy's work, although there were fewer. Copernicus' ideas, published only two months before he died, took |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is the US state capital of Connecticut?"
] | Connecticut - U.S. States - HISTORY.com Nickname(s): Constitution State; Nutmeg State; Land of Steady Habits; Provisions State Motto: Qui Transtulit Sustinet (“He who transplanted still sustains”) Tree: White Oak Bird: American Robin Interesting Facts The Fundamental Orders was the first constitution to be adopted by the American colonies in 1639. It established the structure and boundaries of the newly formed government and ensured the rights of free men to elect their public officials—principles that were later embraced within the U.S. Constitution. During a candle-lit dispute that occurred when Sir Edmund Andros attempted to seize Connecticut’s Royal Charter by order of King James II in 1687, the lights went out and the charter was whisked away to safety amid the chaos. Captain Joseph Wadsworth hid the charter inside a grand white oak tree, which became a symbol of freedom and, later, the official state tree. Benedict Arnold, whose name has become synonymous with the word “traitor” after he conspired with the British to turn over the post at West Point in exchange for money and a command in the British Army, was born in Norwich, Connecticut. In 1781, he led British troops in the Battle of Groton Heights, which devastated New London, Connecticut. The construction of Connecticut’s Old State House was completed in 1796. In 1814, it hosted the Hartford Convention, a meeting of Federalist leaders in which the adoption of seven proposed amendments to the Constitution was considered by many to be treasonous. Connecticut and Rhode Island were the only two states that failed to ratify the 18th Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale or transportation of alcohol. The USS Nautilus, the world’s first nuclear submarine, was constructed in Groton, Connecticut, between 1952 and 1954. Much larger than its diesel-electric predecessors, it traveled at speeds in excess of 20 knots and could remain submerged almost indefinitely because its atomic engine required only a very small quantity of nuclear fuel and no air. After 25 years of service, the Nautilus was decommissioned and opened to the public as an exhibit in Groton. The Connecticut-born Revolutionary soldier and spy Nathan Hale, who was hanged by the British in 1776, became Connecticut’s official state hero in 1985. Tags |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The Gruesome Twosome are characters in which children’s tv cartoon series?"
] | 1000+ images about TV Cartoons on Pinterest | Tex avery, Ants and Scooby doo "The Mean Machine" Wacky Races, Dick Dastardly and Muttley See More |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The ‘Black Paintings’ is the name given to a group of paintings by which Spanish artist?"
] | 1000+ images about Art: The Black Paintings - Goya on Pinterest | Spanish, Laughing and Black painting Forward (Saturno devorando a su hijo), Saturn Devouring His Son, Francisco Goya, 1819-1823. ______ The image portrays the Roman god Saturn eating one of his children. Fearing a prophecy that one of his children would overthrow him, Saturn ate each of his children upon their birth. Goya depicts this act of cannibalism with startling savagery. See More |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Who was the last British monarch to sack a British Prime Minister?"
] | British Monarchs And Their Prime Ministers - British Monarchy Family History British Monarchy Family History British Monarchs And Their Prime Ministers 10, DOWNING STREET The five major political parties of the United Kingdom are the Liberal Democrats, the Conservatives, the Labour Party, the Green Party and the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP). The Liberal Democrats - who were originally founded in 1678 under the name of the Whig Party. During their history they have also been known as the Peelite Party, the Radicals and the Liberal Party. They have a classic liberalism and social liberalism ideology. The Conservative Party - also known as the Tories, which is a centre right party with a conservatism and strong British unity ideology, whose movement was founded in 1834. The Labour Party - which is a centre left party with a socialist ideology, whose movement was founded in 1900. The Green Party - which is a centre left party with a strong environmentalist and eco-socialism ideology, which was founded in 1990. The United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) - which is a far right party with an anti-federalist and right wing populism ideology, whose movement was founded in 1993. Major regional nationalist parties around the United Kingdom include; The Ulster Unionist Party - which was formed in 1905, and The Democratic Ulster Unionist Party, formed in 1971, both of which are the two main political parties within Northern Ireland. Plaid Cymru - which was formed in 1925 and is a social democratic party striving for nationalism and independence in Wales. The Scottish Nationalist Party - which was formed in 1934, which is a social democratic party striving for nationalism and independence in Scotland. U.K STAMPS ISSUED ON THE 14th OF OCTOBER 2014 DEPICTING EIGHT FORMER PRIME MINISTERS The position of British Prime Minister was never created, but evolved over a number of years. Because of this modern historians have given the title of first British Prime Minister to that of Sir Robert Walpole, who ran King George I's government from 1721 - 1742, making his twenty one year tenure the longest of any British prime minister. As Great Britain is a monarchy, both the government and monarchy were originally run as a single entity, with the highest ministerial position, that of the Lord of the Treasurer. After every British election, the leader of the winning party is invited to form a government by the serving monarch. As a serving prime minister, the man or woman who holds this title is the only person in the United Kingdom who is allowed to sit in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The prime minister is a commoner, therefore he or she is eligible to sit in the House of Commons, but the Lord of the Treasurer, which is one of the automatic titles of the prime minister, is a lord, thus enabling him or her to sit in the House of Lords. Even the monarch is denied this privilege, as two of the monarch's titles are Lord of Man and Lord High Admiral of the British Navy, thus only enabling him or her entry into the House of Lords. At the end of a prime minister's tenure, it is customary for the monarch to award the outgoing prime minister with the Most Noble Order of the Garter, or in the case of a Scots born prime minister the Most Ancient & Noble Order of the Thistle, although Scottish born former prime ministers Gordon Brown and Tony Blair are not members of the order due to Brown declining the honour and Blair being disinherited due to public opinion over the Iraq war. Every outgoing prime minister is granted a life peerage, thus allowing them automatic elevation into the House of Lords. Ten Downing Street was built between 1682 - 1684 by property investor Sir George Downing. The house was inhabited by both royals and politicians over the years, until it |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Caen is the capital of which French Department?"
] | Caen | Define Caen at Dictionary.com Caen [kahn; French kahn] /kɑn; French kɑ̃/ Spell noun 1. a city and the capital of Calvados, in NW France, SW of Le Havre: many Norman buildings destroyed 1944. Calvados [kal-vuh-dohs, -dos, kal-vuh-dohs, -dos; for 1 also French kal-va-daws] /ˌkæl vəˈdoʊs, -ˈdɒs, ˈkæl vəˌdoʊs, -ˌdɒs; for 1 also French kal vaˈdɔs/ Spell |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Relating to weather, cirrus is a type of what?"
] | Weather Facts: Cirrus | weatheronline.co.uk Weather Facts | Wind of the World | Climate of the World | Weather Lore | Weather Brains | Philip Eden | Oil spill | Fukushima | Volcanic ash | Video Cirrus Cirrus (Ci) - the name derives from the Latin cirrus = curl of hair, tuft or wisp. Cirrus cloud is a member of the ten fundamental cloud types (or cloud genera) and are wispy white high-altitude cloud formations occurring between about 5 to 13km (16,600 to 40,000ft). In fact, they are the highest of the main cloud genera, popularly known as 'mares' tails they may even form in the upper troposphere . Cirrus clouds, or cirri (plural), generally occur as thin featherlike white, silky patches or fine, narrow bands. Shaped by strong winds in the upper atmosphere they may be curved, hooked, fairly straight or randomly entangled. They may be appearing grey when dense and seen against the light, and yellow, orange, pink, purple and reddish when illuminated by the lowering sun, while lower clouds are already submerged in the Earth's shadow. Parallel bands of cirrus, with or without billows, are often associated with the jet stream, which is often only made visible by the so-called jet stream cirrus . Cirrus are composed of minute ice crystals, in regions where air temperature is lower than -20°C or -30°C. They may be caused by turbulence and wind shear, or by upper-tropospheric convection . Sometimes they are just blown out ice-crystals spreading from the top of a dying cumulonimbus or dissolving altocumulus . Cirrus cloud frequently exhibit some halo phenomena, particularly mock suns and parts of haloes, shimmering in rainbow colours. Nowadays another method of cirrus formation is from the condensation trails of aircraft, often persisting for hours and spreading to cover large portions of the sky. Cirrus may be confused with cirrostratus, but true cirrus always occurs in relatively small patches or bands. Rounded cirriform heads or dense cirrus patches may be confused with cirrocumulus or even altocumulus. The only cloud type that develops from cirrus is cirrostratus. Common types and varieties of cirrus: Ci fibratus characterized by long fine striations; Ci uncinus looking like a hook or comma; Ci spissatus as dense cirrus patches; Ci vertebratus looking like ribs or fishbone and Ci radiatus , parallel bands apparently radiating from one point of the sky. What do cirrus tell about the weather? Cirrus are often an indication of the leading edge of a warm front at altitude, especially if they are spreading out from the west or south-west sector, thickening into a denser sheet of cirrostratus. The approaching depression is some 24 to 36 hours away. Jet stream cirrus are often indicating an depression or occlusion from the western sector, some 12 to 36 hours away. However, cirrus can also be true fair weather clouds. If they appear irregular and patchy, slowly shifting from easterly directions, often dissolving, they are indicating increasing high pressure and dry, sunny and quiet weather. Advertisement |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In the British tv series ‘Rising Damp’, what is Rigsby’s first name?"
] | Rising Damp - ITV Sitcom - British Comedy Guide Ronnie Baxter and Vernon Lawrence An unnamed northern university town is home to Rupert Rigsby, landlord of arguably the seediest, most run-down boarding house that England has to offer. His unlucky tenants include Ruth Jones, an administrator at the university; Alan, a medical student; and Philip, who is studying town and country planning. Between them, Alan and Philip are the focus and foil of the majority of Rigsby's many prejudices, usually at the expense of his dignity and standing in the eyes of Miss Jones, with whom he is hopelessly and pathetically in love. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What does the Latin phrase ‘Ad vitam’ translate to in English?"
] | Vitam in English, translation, Latin-English Dictionary la Quos quoniam fortuna in nostram detulit potestatem, si, id quod facere debetis, rem publicam cum optimo quoque defendetis, certum est vobis vitam et pecuniam donare. Quapropter quid sentiatis proloquimini.' latin-ancient en "If, therefore, now that fortune has put you in our power, you will take this opportunity to unite with the good citizens, in the defense of the commonwealth, I am determined to give you life and money: therefore speak openly your sentiments.""" la Scio vitam esse brevem. tatoeba en I know that life is short. la sorte et urna mores non discerni: suffragia et existimationem senatus reperta ut in cuiusque vitam famamque penetrarent. latin-ancient en The chances of the ballot do not discriminate men's characters; the voting and the judgment of the Senate were devised to reach the lives and reputations of individuals. la sepulchrum Antiochiae ubi crematus, tribunal Epidaphnae quo in loco vitam finierat. latin-ancient en A cenotaph was raised at Antioch, where the body was burnt, a lofty mound at Epidaphna, where he had ended his life. la accusatio tamen apud patres adseveratione eadem peracta, iuravitque Tiberius petiturum se vitam quamvis nocenti, nisi voluntariam mortem properavisset. latin-ancient en Yet the prosecution was continued in the Senate with the same persistency, and Tiberius declared on oath that he would have interceded for his life, guilty though he was, but for his hasty suicide. la Opus iusti ad vitam, fructus autem impii ad peccatum. tatoeba en The labour of the righteous tendeth to life: the fruit of the wicked to sin. la Nam carmina et versus, quibus totam vitam Maternus insumere optat (inde enim omnis fluxit oratio), neque dignitatem ullam auctoribus suis conciliant neque utilitates alunt; voluptatem autem brevem, laudem inanem et infructuosam consequuntur. latin-ancient en As for song and verse to which Maternus wishes to devote his whole life (for this was the starting-point of his entire argument), they bring no dignity to the author, nor do they improve his circumstances. la Postero die mane in oppidum introit contioneque advocata Uticenses incolas cohortatus gratias pro eorum erga se studio agit, cives autem Romanos negotiatores et eos qui inter CCC, pecunias contulerant Varo et Scipioni multis verbis accusat et de eorum sceleribus longiore habita oratione ad extremum ut sine metu prodirent edicit: se eis dumtaxat vitam concessurum; bona quidem eorum se venditurum, ita tamen qui eorum ipse sua bona redemisset, se bonorum venditionem inducturum et pecuniam multae nomine relaturum, ut incolumitatem retinere posset. latin-ancient en Early on the morning of the following day he entered the place, summoned an assembly of the people, and thanked them for the affection they had shown to his cause. At the same time he censured severely, and enlarged upon the crime of the Roman citizens and merchants, and the rest of the three hundred, who had furnished Scipio and Varus with money; but concluded with telling them, that they might show themselves without fear, as he was resolved to grant them their lives, and content himself with exposing their effects to sale; but that he would give them notice when their goods were to be sold, and the liberty of redeeming them upon payment of a certain fine. la Boudicca vitam veneno finivit. latin-ancient en Boudicea put an end to her life by poison. la Multus hinc ipso de Augusto sermo, plerisque vana mirantibus, quod idem dies accepti quondam imperii princeps et vitae supremus, quod Nolae in domo et cubiculo in quo pater eius Octavius vitam finivisset. latin-ancient en Then followed much talk about Augustus himself, and many expressed an idle wonder that the same day marked the beginning of his assumption of empire and the close of his life, and, again, that he had ended his days at Nola in the same house and room as his father Octavius. la quod aspernatus, ne vitam proxime libertatem actam novissimo servitio foedaret, largitur in servos quantum aderat pecuniae; et si qua asportari possent, s |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The first Eurovision Song Contest was held in which European country in 1956?"
] | Eurovision Song Contest 1956 | Eurovision Song Contest Show more Eurovision Song Contest 1956 The first ever Eurovision Song Contest took place in Lugano, Switzerland, at the Teatro Kursaal, on 24th of May 1956. The first ever contest Inspired by the Italian Sanremo Festival, the idea to organise a pan-European musicial competition was born at a meeting of the European Broadcasting Union in Monaco in 1955. It was decided that the first ever Eurovision Song Contest would be hosted the following year in the Swiss resort of Lugano. The 1956 Eurovision Song Contest was primarily a radio show, although some cameras were taping the contest for the few Europeans who had a television set at that time. Lohengrin Filipello hosted the programme, which lasted 1 hour and 40 minutes. The seven participating countries each submitted two entries. The songs of the contest were not to exceed three and a half minutes, and the performers were accompanied by an orchestra of 24 musicians, led by Fernando Paggi. Switzerland wins! The winning song, as announced by the head of the jury, was Refrain, performed by Lys Assia from Switzerland (recent photo). Lys Assia is the only Swiss contestant to have ever won the Eurovision Song Contest, as Switzerland's other winner, Céline Dion, is French-Canadian. Facts & figures The broadcasters from Austria, Denmark and the United Kingdom missed the deadline for participating in the first ever Eurovision Song Contest and only appeared one year later. Only solo artists were allowed to enter the contest. Groups were initially banned - a rule which would only be abolished in the 1970s; All participating countries sent two jury members to Lugano in order to vote secretly on the songs. The jury members from Luxembourg could not make it to Lugano, so the EBU allowed Swiss nationals to vote on their behalf. The juries were allowed to vote for whatever country they wished to, including their own; The scores of the voting have never been made public, leaving room for lots of speculation. Attempts to reconstruct the voting by interviewing jury members over the past five decades did not lead to any reliable outcome. Facts & Figures |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Mount Waas is in which US State?"
] | Mount Waas : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost Images Overview The peaks in the La Sal Mountains are often viewed, but realitively few people climb them. They form the famous backdrop behind such famous areas as Arches National Park, Canyonlands, and Moab. Less famous, but just as spectacular it the view from the east and near Gateway Colorado. The La Sal means "The Salt" in Spanish and the mountains were named by the Dominguez/Escalante Expedition in 1776. There are two stories about the naming of the La Sals. The first is that they were named because the soils and valleys surrounding the mountains contain salt. The second is that since the Dominguez/Escalante party passed through the area in August, they just couldn't believe the mountains were covered with snow, so they assumed they were covered with salt as are some of the surrounding valleys. Since summer temperatures often soar to 110F or higher in the valleys, the story isn't as far-fetched as it may seem. As Grand County's high point, Mount Waas is the fourth tallest of Utah's county peaks. It is also the fourth highest peak in the LaSals, and the highest in the north half of the LaSals. It is sometimes known on older maps as Mount Nas or Mount Nass. Really old maps simply label the peak as La Sal. Mount Watson was used as a survey station as early as 1882 the peak had a "heliograph station" on the summit during the 1880's. The station was run by the Coat Gurad and Geodetic Survey to determine altitudes and locations. Mount Wass is probably the most difficult to climb of any of the higher La Sal peaks. There are no technical routes, but there are many large boulders and loose talus to deal with. Note on the name of the peak: I believe the mountian was probably named for WAAS. WAAS is an extremely accurate navigation system developed for civil aviation. Before WAAS, the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS) did not have the ability to provide horizontal and vertical navigation for precision approach operations for all users at all locations. Nas or Nass is the name on older maps of the peak. It is also possible that the name stems from Ute origin. Waas also apparently means "man" in the ute language. Looking south from the summit of Mt. Waas in July. Getting There The easiest route goes north from Beaver Basin (Beaver Basin is located on the east side of the LaSals). A 4WD high-clearance vehicle is required. Alternate routes from Miner's Basin are longer and more strenuous due to their distance from Mt Waas; the road to Miner's Basin is also 4WD. (Credits: SP member LonePeakFreak helped to update these directions). Beaver Basin: Drive north out of Moab on U.S. Highway 191 for 2.3 miles. Just before crossing the Colorado River, turn right (east) on Utah Highway 128, which runs right next to the Colorado, with beautiful views of the river as well as the redrock canyon walls. In about 15 1/2 miles, turn right at the signs to Castle Valley and La Sal Loop Road. From the turnoff to Castle Valley on Hwy 128 it is approximately 25.8 miles to Beaver Basin. Reset your odometer here. A high-clearance vehicle is required to make it all the way to the Basin. Follow the main road (Mountain Valley Road) southward as it gradually gains elevation toward the mountains. The road turns to dirt at approx. 16.2 mi. Stay left as the pavement ends. At 18.4 mi. turn right onto FR 107. At approximately 20.9 mi. take another right, after which you will soon pass a large forest service sign. Continue on this road to a fork at 22.2 mi. Stay right at the fork. After 1/10th of a mile you will see the sign for Dons Lake at another fork. Stay right at this fork, too. At approximately 23.1 mi. the road forks once again, and as before, stay right. At 23.5 mi. the road makes a sharp uphill u-turn to the right. In late July 2013 the top of the turn was narrow and eroded enough to make travel a little uncomfortable. At 23.8 miles you will encounter the roughest section of the road. It is very slow going at this point. At 24.8 miles you will come into the first clearing wh |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Mrs Chippy was the name of the ship’s cat aboard which vessel used by Ernest Shackleton for his Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition?"
] | Mrs. Chippy's Last Expedition: The Remarkable Journal of Shackleton's Polar-Bound Cat: Caroline Alexander: 9780060932619: Amazon.com: Books Editorial Reviews From Kirkus Reviews A shaggy-cat tale, in which Alexander (The Way to Xanadu, 1994, etc.) gives us the feline perspective on travel and exploration in turn-of-the-century Antarctica. Mrs. Chippy is a cat--a tomcat, actually, but a very elegant one whose grace and manners and devotion to his master (Harry ``Chippy'' McNeish) inspired the joke that they are as good as married. Chippy McNeish is ship's carpenter aboard the Endurance, which set sail from London on August 1, 1914, on a voyage to the South Pole that was led by Sir Ernest Shackleton and the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Mrs. Chippy has her role to play, of course, and it is no small one: hunting mice, keeping watch on deck, and looking after the general well-being of her master and his crewmates. He tells his story through the pages of his journal, which record the daily rituals of weather, naps, navigation, and meals. Once they find themselves stranded in a sea of ice, however, the expedition is forced to encamp for the duration, hoping that their rations will hold out until the thaws--which, as it turned out, were nearly a year in coming. Mrs. Chippy keeps a more level head than most of his crewmates during this long confinement, and he may actually have been their salvation insofar as he injected a familiar note of domesticity and routine into the hardships of their situation (``I myself am very disciplined by nature and have set myself a strict winter regime: Wake at 2:00 p.m.; stretch, wash, take breakfast by the galley stove, greet shipmates, etc.''). By the end, when the ice floes break and the Weddell Sea is open once more, Mrs. Chippy is more popular than ever. Too cute for comfort: after about 20 pages of this, even cat- lovers may find themselves feeling pretty seasick. (12 b&w photos, not seen) -- Copyright ©1997, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved. --This text refers to the Audio Cassette edition. |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"‘Best of Both Worlds’ by Miley Cyrus is the theme song to which US tv show?"
] | Best of Both Worlds - YouTube Best of Both Worlds Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Apr 6, 2006 i don't own hannah montana videos. Category |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"A ‘moderate breeze’ is which number on The Beaufort Scale?"
] | Beaufort Wind Scale Beaufort Wind Scale Devised by British Rear-Admiral, Sir Francis Beaufort in 1805 based on observations of the effects of the wind Beaufort Effects observed on the sea Effects observed on land Sea is like a mirror 1 Ripples with appearance of scales; no foam crests 2 Small wavelets; crests of glassy appearance, not breaking 3 Large wavelets; crests begin to break; scattered whitecaps 4 Small waves, becoming longer; numerous whitecaps 5 Moderate waves, taking longer form; many whitecaps; some spray 6 Larger waves forming; whitecaps everywhere; more spray 7 Sea heaps up; white foam from breaking waves begins to be blown in streaks 8 18-25 Gale Moderately high waves of greater length; edges of crests begin to break into spindrift; foam is blown in well-marked streaks 9 23-32 Strong gale High waves; sea begins to roll; dense streaks of foam; spray may begin to reduce visibility 10 29-41 Storm Very high waves with overhanging crests; sea takes white appearance as foam is blown in very dense streaks; rolling is heavy and visibility is reduced 11 Exceptionally high waves; sea covered with white foam patches; visibility further reduced 12 Air filled with foam; sea completely white with driving spray; visibility greatly reduced * World Meteorological Organization Fujita Scale of Tornado Intensity STORMFAX and the STORMFAX logos are registered trademarks in the United States and Canada Please read our Legal Notice and our Privacy Statement. ©1996-2017 STORMFAX |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The sixpenny coin ceased to be legal tender in Britain during which year?"
] | Decimal Coins of the UK - The Change to Decimal Coinage The Change to Decimal Coinage Pictures of Decimal Coins Decimalisation Day D-Day was February 15th 1971. On that day the United Kingdom changed from the centuries old tradition of using 12 pence to the shilling and 20 shillings to the pound to a new decimal 100 new pence to the pound. Options considered There had been much debate as to the best way of implementing the switch. Australia used a dollar valued at ten old shillings, making the new cent equal to 1.2 old pence, a small change in value. An alternative was to go to a pound-mil system, with a mil equal to 0.24 old pence, a latter-day successor to the farthing. Another was to keep the penny and have a new unit at 100 pence (eight shillings and fourpence). However, in the UK the pound was considered to be particularly important because of the UK's international trading status. In addition, having a new penny worth 2.4 old pence was less of a problem as inflation had made its purchasing power insignificant. As a temporary measure a half new penny was introduced, but as will be seen this had a short life. There was even a pattern quarter penny made in aluminium, but this was not proceeded with. It was realised at the time that the decision was made that the life of the halfpenny would be very short, but it was felt necessary despite the considerable extra cost of having to mint the coin. Banks never accepted transactions involving an odd halfpenny. The Timetable for the Change The change was made gradually over three years, in a number of stages. In 1968 new shillings and florins were issued as 5 new pence and 10 new pence coins. The older shillings and florins continued to circulate long after decimalisation until the size of the coins was reduced. Theoretically silver coins from 1816 could still have been found in change, but the active withdrawal of silver in the years following the change in 1947, followed by the combination of a dramatic rise in the price of silver with devaluation in 1967 meant that silver coins rapidly vanished from circulation. Blue plastic wallets containing the new 5p and 10p coins dated 1968, along with 1/2p, 1p and 2p coins dated 1971 were put on sale. These wallets are still very common. In October 1969 the 50 new pence piece replaced the 10 shilling note, which ceased to be legal tender on 22nd November 1970. The old halfpenny was demonetised on 1st August 1969. The half-crown was demonetised on 1st January 1970. The remaining decimal coins became legal tender on 15th February 1971. Maundy coins (and silver threepenny pieces of Maundy design, i.e. with a crowned three on the reverse) were revalued as being in new pence at the same time. The changeover was so rapid that the old penny and nickel brass threepence pieces had been removed from circulation by the end of 1971, although I know of one shop in the Yorkshire Dales which continued to use the old currency for a long time on the basis that 'this new-fangled stuff will never catch on'. The old penny and threepence coins ceased to be legal tender on 31st August 1971, just over six months after D-day. It is no longer possible to exchange them for current coins at a bank. Later Developments The sixpence , which was allowed to continue circulating at 2½ new pence, was eventually withdrawn at the end of June 1980. I am indebted to Brian Dominic for the following quote from John Glover's book "London's Underground": "The adoption of decimal currency on 15 February 1971 posed a few problems for London Transport, which had favoured the £ Sterling being halved in value and divided into 100 pence - what today might be termed a '50p pound'. With their extensive use of coin operated machines, the Board took strong exception to the proposed introduction of ½p coins, the lack of any coin between 2p and 5p, and the lack of a close relationship of old values and coins with the new. It was all too difficult for them, and it was indeed at London Transport's behest that the 2½p (sixpence) was retained in the coinag |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"How many wings does a honeybee have?"
] | How many wings does a bee have? | Reference.com How many wings does a bee have? A: Quick Answer All castes and species of bee have four wings. The pair of wings that is closer to the head is always larger and folds over the rear pair when the bee is at rest. The rear pair is shorter and hooks into the forward pair when unfolded for flight. Full Answer The rear pair has a line of hooks on the front edge that connects into a line of grooves on the back edge of the other wings. This couples the wings together and makes them into a single, large flight surface. Some bees have very short rear wings and cannot fly. The wings beat very rapidly in short, choppy strokes that cause the wing surfaces to flop backward and reverse direction. This allows bees to fly despite their aerodynamics being very different from fixed-wing fliers like airplanes. |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In the novel by Daniel Defoe, for how many years was Robinson Crusoe shipwrecked?"
] | Daniel Defoe - Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss. Daniel Defoe Biography of Daniel Defoe Daniel Defoe (1660?-1731), English businessman, journalist, pamphleteer and prolific author wrote Robinson Crusoe (1719); "For sudden joys, like griefs, confound at first." …. I cast my eye to the stranded vessel, when, the breach and froth of the sea being so big, I could hardly see it, it lay so far off; and considered, Lord! how was it possible I could get on shore.--Ch. 3 Crusoe's fictional autobiographical account of his twenty-eight years shipwrecked on a remote island against incredible odds is continued in The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719) and Serious Reflections During the Life and Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1720). First published when he was almost sixty years old, Defoe is considered by many to have written the first English novel. He wrote Crusoe in the style of social realism in which he is the observant reporter, historian, humorist, and grand story teller. With his extraordinary bibliography comprising myriad historical, satirical and political writings, Defoe's most famous novel was an immediate success. Many of Defoe's works are laden with irony, similar to how Jonathan Swift would write such works as Gulliver's Travels (1727). At various times writing under pseudonyms, Defoe also wrote essays on business; biographies; short stories; and poems including his famous The True-Born Englishman: A Satyr (1701) Wherever God erects a house of prayer, The Devil always builds a chapel there; And 'twill be found, upon examination, The latter has the largest congregation.--Part I, l. 1. which won him court favour with then King William III. However, upon publication of "The Shortest Way With Dissenters" in 1702 he was charged with sedition and libel and sent to Newgate prison the following year. Alas, the Church of England! What with Popery on one hand, and Schismatics on the other, how has She been crucified between two thieves. NOW, LET US CRUCIFY THE THIEVES! Let her foundations be established upon the destruction of her enemies! The doors of Mercy being always open to the returning part of the deluded people, let the obstinate be ruled with the rod of iron! Let all true sons of so holy and oppressed a Mother, exasperated by her afflictions, harden their hearts against those who have oppressed her!! And may God Almighty put it into the hearts of all the friends of Truth, to lift up a Standard against Pride and ANTICHRIST! that the Posterity of the Sons of Error may be rooted out from the face of this land, for ever! During his imprisonment he wrote "Hymn to the Pillory" which won him much favour with the crowds; ...let all the statesmen stand; Who guide us with unsteady hand; Who armies, fleets, and men betray; And ruin all the shortest way. Let all those soldiers stand in sight. Who're willing to be paid and not to fight. Agents, and Colonels, who false musters bring, To cheat their country first, then their King. In 1685 Defoe had participated in the Monmouth Rebellion against James II and he also served time in prison for debts incurred after failed speculative business ventures. Although Defoe was actively involved in the dissenting politics of his time, he is best remembered for his fictional works. They have inspired countless authors including Jules Verne and Robert Louis Stevenson , authors who also had fantastic tales to tell. Not much is known of his early years, but Daniel Defoe was born sometime in the year 1659 or 1660 in the Cripplegate Parish of London, England, the youngest of three children born to Alice and James Foe, a tallow chandler. He began to preface his name with De sometime during the mid-to late 1690's. His parents being Presbyterian dissenters, Daniel attended Charles Morton's Dissenting Academy in Newington Green for four years, with plans to enter the ministry. But it was not to be, for as his non-Conformist father, he too decided to enter the business world. Settling in Cornhill, he became a merchant in various woolen goods as well as tobacco, |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Uranium deposit Rum Jungle is in which Australian state?"
] | Australia's Uranium | Uranium Mining in Australia - World Nuclear Association Australia's Uranium (Updated December 2016) Australia's uranium has been mined since 1954, and three mines are currently operating. More are planned. Australia's known uranium resources are the world's largest – almost one-third of the world total. In 2015-16 Australia produced 8186 tonnes of U3O8 (6941 tU). It is the world's third-ranking producer, behind Kazakhstan and Canada. All production is exported. Australia uses no nuclear power, but with high reliance on coal any likely carbon constraints on electricity generation will make it a strong possibility. In May 2016 the South Australian government's royal commission on the nucear fuel cycle reported. Its main recommendation was for an international high-level nuclear waste repository, though this was not accepted. The Australian economy is unique in the OECD in that about 20% of GDP is accounted for by mining and mining services (in 2012). Uranium is a small part of this economically, but in energy terms, uranium (3944 PJ in 2012-13) comprises one-quarter of energy exports. In the 1930s ores were mined at Radium Hill and Mount Painter in SA to recover radium for medical purposes. As a result a few hundred kilograms of uranium were also produced. Uranium ores as such were mined and treated in Australia initially from the 1950s until 1971. Radium Hill , SA, Rum Jungle , NT, and Mary Kathleen , Queensland, were the largest producers of uranium (as yellowcake). Production ceased either when ore reserves were exhausted or contracts were filled. Sales were to supply material primarily intended for USA and UK weapons programs at that time. However, much of it was used for electricity production. The development of civil nuclear power stimulated a second wave of exploration activity in the late 1960s. A total of some 60 uranium deposits were identified from the 1950s through to the late 1970s, many by big companies with big budgets. (Since then only two significant new ones have been found: Kintyre and Beverley Four Mile. The minor exploration boom 2002-07 was driven by small companies focused on proving up known deposits.) Mary Kathleen began recommissioning its mine and mill in 1974. Other developments were deferred pending the findings of the Ranger Uranium Environmental Inquiry, and its decision in the light of these. Mary Kathleen's second production phase was1976 to the end of 1982. The Commonwealth Government announced in 1977 that new uranium mining was to proceed, commencing with the Ranger project in the Northern Territory. This mine opened in 1981. In 1979, Queensland Mines opened Nabarlek in the same region of Northern Territory. The orebody was mined out in one dry season and the ore stockpiled for treatment from 1980. The mine site is now rehabilitated. A brief history of Australian uranium mining is appended. See also Former Australian Uranium Mines appendix. Australian Uranium Production and Exports 6110 8186 Calendar year 2011 U3O8 production: 2641 t from Ranger, 3954 t from Olympic Dam, 416 t from Beverley, 45 t from Honeymoon, total 7056 tonnes (5983 tU) Calendar year 2012 U3O8 production: 3710 t from Ranger, 3992.5 t from Olympic Dam, 386.7 t from Beverley, 154.6 t from Honeymoon, total 8244 tonnes (6990.6 tU) Calendar year 2013 U3O8 production: 2960 t from Ranger, 4008.7 t from Olympic Dam, 407.4 t from Beverley, 112 t from Honeymoon, total 7488 tonnes (6349.6 tU) Calendar year 2014 U3O8 production: 1165 t from Ranger, 3952 t from Olympic Dam, 24.7 t from Beverley, 755 t from Four Mile, total 5897 tonnes (5000 tU) Calendar year 2015 U3O8 production: 2005 t from Ranger, 3728 t from Olympic Dam (corrected mid-2016), 935 t from Four Mile, total 6668 tonnes (5654 tU) Operating Mines The Ranger mine and associated town of Jabiru is about 230 kilometres east of Darwin, in the Northern Territory, surrounded by the Kakadu National Park, a major tourist attraction. The mine opened in 1981 at a production rate of approximately 3300 tonnes per year of uranium oxide and has since been e |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Albino, Grimshaw and Plachutta are terms used in which game?"
] | Chess problem terminology Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index Chess problem terminology This is a list of terms used in chess problems . For a list of unorthodox pieces used in chess problems, see fairy chess piece . For a list of terms used in chess is general, see chess terminology . Actual play - see post-key play. Albino - a problem in which, at some point in the solution, a white pawn on its starting square makes each of its four possible moves (forward one square, forward two squares, capture to the left, capture to the right). If the same behaviour is exhibited by a black pawn, it is a Pickaninny. Allumwandlung - a problem in which the solution includes pawn promotions to all possible pieces (in orthodox chess, to bishop, knight, rook and queen; in fairy chess, possibly to fairy pieces ). Anticipated - if the theme and setting of a particular problem has already appeared in an earlier problem without the knowledge of the later composer, the problem is said to be anticipated. The position does not have to be exactly the same, just very similar. Where this is done deliberately by the later composer, the term plagiarised is more appropriate. There is a real chance of anticipation if the problem has a realitvely simply theme, since there are only a finite number of positions and themes, and chess problems have been composed for hundreds of years. However, anticipations are not always noticed immediately. Aristocrat - a problem which has no pawnss in the initial position. Babson task - a problem in which black promotion defences to all possible pieces are answered by white promotions to the same piece black has promoted to. An extreme form of Allumwandlung . Block - a problem in which the key provides no threat, but instead puts black in a position of zugzwang , where every move leads to a mate. In a complete block, all of black's moves have mates provided in the set play and the key is simply a waiting move; in an incomplete block, not all black moves are provided with mates in the set play - the key provides for those that don't; in a mutate some of the mates provided in the set play are changed following the key. By-play - variations not directly connected to the problem's theme. Clearance - in general, the movement of one piece so that another can move to a particular square. In square vacation the first piece moves so that the second can occupy the square on which it stood; in line vacation the first piece moves so that the second can pass over the square on which is stood on the way to its destination; line clearance, also known as the Bristol, is a particular type of line vacation in which a piece moves along a line so that another piece can move a shorter distance behind it along the same line. Cook - a second key move, unintended by the composer. A cook is a serious flaw, and invalidates a problem. The publication of cooked problems was once common, but in the modern era computers can be used to check for cooks, and cooked problems are rarely published. Cylindrical board - a board in which the a and h-files are considered to be connected (a "vertical cylinder") or the first and eighth ranks are connected (a "horizonal cylinder"). A combination of the vertical and horizontal cylinders is called an "anchor ring". Directmate - a type of problem where white, moving first, is required to checkmate black in a specified number of moves against any defence. Such a problem is usually indicated by the stipulation "mate in two" (or however many moves is necessary) or "checkmate in two". The term directmate is useful to distinguish these sorts of problems from helpmates, selfmates, reflexmates and others. Dual - ideally, white should have only one move at each juncture which solves a problem - if white has an alternative at any stage other than the first move, this is a dual. A dual is not as serious a flaw as a cook, and in minor lines, duals may be permissible (opinions differ on this point). Some problems make a virtue out of dual avoidance - of two apparently equivalent white moves, only one works. Duple |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The resort town of Sliema is on which Mediterranean island?"
] | Malta Destination Guide | Daily Mail Online Malta Destination Guide Mdina is a former capital of Malta, and offers historical architecture galore Introduction Often dismissed as little more than a package tourism bolthole in the middle of the Mediterranean, Malta is a place of surprising diversity and no little history. Precise knowledge of this island nation's past, in the UK at least, is usually limited to the fact that it was once part of the British Empire (from 1814 to 1964, trivia fans) and played a key strategic role in World War Two – but Malta's story can be traced way back into the fourth century BC. The temple of Ħagar Qim may have been built as early as 3600BC, making it one of the oldest man-made structures on the planet – proof indeed that this island has more to offer than kiss-me-quick hats and half-melted ice cream. Of course, referring to Malta as an 'island nation' is also something of an oversight. Technically, it's an archipelago of rocky outcrops, only three of which – the main island (Malta), Gozo and Comino – are inhabited. Together they make up a mere 122 square miles of land, but there's much to enjoy nonetheless – the delightful walled capital city of Valletta, a collection of lovely beaches, fabulous sea views and waters perfect for scuba diving, to name a small selection. True, some areas are rowdier than others, but with a spot of pre-planning Malta can be every bit as rewarding a Mediterranean holiday destination as some of the more celebrated Greek islands. If you tire of the main island, Gozo (pictured here) and Comino offer pleasant respite Cities As the capital, Valletta is the key city of Malta. It's a delightful spot, standing proud on a short peninsula on the main island's north-east coast, and blessed with a visible history that saw it granted UNESCO World Heritage status in 1980. Much of this is surely down to its picturesque harbour and preserved walls. A walk around the latter, especially where they run along the waterfront, gives a clear picture of how sturdy a stronghold the city must have been when it was founded in the mid-16th century. Fairly compact, it's an easy city to explore on foot. Indeed, the 16th century layout and narrow, steep streets, make walking the best option. St John's Co-Cathedral, built by the Knights Hospitaller (as was much of the city) in the 1570s, is the main religious showpiece ( www.stjohnscocathedral.com ). An imposing structure, it looks like a fortress from the outside, but reveals a grandiose, art-laden interior. Elsewhere, the National Museum Of Archaeology pays tribute to the island's ancient past, while the Upper Barrakka Gardens, the city's highest point, offer sublime views of the harbour. It's worth straying away from the tourist areas and into Valletta in search of local cuisine Resorts Just north of Valletta, St Julian's and (particularly) Sliema are Malta's main tourist areas, home to the busiest sections of seafront, the greatest selection of restaurants and bars, and the main stretches of high-rise accommodation. If you've come to Malta for a week of unadulterated sun worship, you're likely to spend most of your time here. Despite its popularity, this eastern section of Malta is not overly blessed with soft sands. Much of the coastline here is rocky. Two of the main island's finest beaches – Ghajn Tuffieha and Golden Bay – are actually found in the north-west. The latter, aptly named, was used for the filming of the 2004 Hollywood blockbuster Troy. Gozo is considerably less crowded than its larger colleague (take the ferry from the small port of Cirkewwa, at the northern tip of the main island), and offers the welcoming red-sand strip that is Ramla Bay, on its northern shore. Arguably the finest beach in Malta, the bay also has a claim to fame – the Calypso Cave, which overlooks it, is, according to popular repute (if not historical fact), the rocky enclave where the nymph of the same name imprisoned Odysseus in Homer's epic poem The Odyssey. Maltese crafts include pottery, lace work, and gold and silver filigree Sightseeing Valletta, |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In the Bible, what is the Decalogue more commonly known as?"
] | Decalogue: Ten Commandments The Decalogue or Ten Commandments: Similarities and Differences in Religious Traditions by Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D. The "Ten Commandments" (also called the "Decalogue") obviously come from the Hebrew Bible, but it is not so obvious to determine exactly what they are or how to count them. These commandments are recorded in two different biblical chapters (Exodus 20:1-17 & Deuteronomy 5:6-21), yet each text is slightly different, and neither passage explicitly numbers the commandments one through ten. Although there are actually more than ten imperative verbs (at least 15) in each of these texts, several other biblical passages refer specifically to the "ten words" or "ten statements" (Heb: aseret ha-dibrot; Gk: deka logoi) that God gave to Moses (Exod 34:28; Deut 4:13; 10:4). In several books of the New Testament, Jesus, Paul, or other apostles quote some of the Jewish commandments, both from the Decalogue and from other parts of the Torah, although they never ennumerate a list of exactly ten. Most Christians believe that the Ten Commandments form the core of God's Law (the "Torah" or "Instruction" given by God through Moses, in the first five books of the Bible). Yet these are far from the only commandments contained in the Hebrew Bible. Rabbinic Jewish tradition maintains that the Torah contains a total of 613 commandments ("mitzvot"): 248 positive ones (injunctions, what one must do) and 365 negative ones (prohibitions, what one must avoid). Moreover, in Jewish understanding, all 613 mitzvot are equally important, so the Decalogue is not really considered the "core"; ritual and dietary commandments are considered just as important as theological or ethical commands. If you break any one of them, you've broken God's Law. When Jesus is asked which of the commandments is the first or most important, he does not quote the Decalogue directly, but rather combines quotations from Deuteronomy 6:4-5 (love God; the "Shema" of Judaism) and Leviticus 19:18 (love your neighbor). As a result of all the discrepancies, Jews, Eastern Orthodox Christians, Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and other Protestants have subdivided and numbered the Decalogue differently over the centuries. Jews, Orthodox Christians, and most Protestants more closely follow the version of Exodus 20, while Catholics more closely follow the version of Deuteronomy 5. The main discrepancies come at the beginning and end of the lists of the Ten Commandments, as explained below: Exodus 20:1-17 (NRSV) Deuteronomy 5 NOTES: The main discrepancies occur at the BEGINNING of the texts, in the first and/or second commandments: Most contemporary Jews consider Exod 20:1-2 to be the first commandment, enjoining people to recognize the LORD as their God, while the second commandment forbids both polytheistic beliefs and practices (20:3-6 together). Many Protestants consider Exod 20:1-2 (and Deut 5:6) to be a preface to the Decalogue, so that the first commandment opposes polytheism (no other gods; Exod 20:3), while the second commandment opposes idolatry (worshiping idols; 20:4-6). Catholics and Lutherans consider all of Exod 20:1-6 and Deut 5:6-10 to be a single commandment, both enjoining monotheism and forbidding polytheism The other main discrepancies occur at the END of the texts, in the ninth and/or tenth commandments: Jews and most Protestants consider the last commandment to be the injuction against coveting anything; Lutherans follow Martin Luther's division of Exodus 20:17, which first prohibits coveting someone's property (#9), then the spouse (#10). Catholics follow St. Augustine's division of Deuteronomy 5:21, which first mentions the spouse (#9), and then the property (#10). For further comparative information, see the article on the " Ten Commandments " at wikipedia.org For explanations of the Decalogue from the perspective of various groups of Jews and Christians, see the following links: Episcopal: from the Episcopal Catechism or the Book of Common Prayer; from Anglicansonline.org Lutheran: Teachings on the Ten Commandments from Martin |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"‘Now what I want is, Facts’ is the opening line of which Charles Dickens novel?"
] | SparkNotes: Hard Times: Important Quotations Explained Important Quotations Explained Book the Third: Garnering: Chapters 5–9 Key Facts 1. Now, what I want is Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else, and root out everything else. You can only form the mind of reasoning animals upon Facts: nothing else will ever be of any service to them. These are the novel’s opening lines. Spoken by Mr. Gradgrind, they sum up his rationalist philosophy. In claiming that “nothing else will ever be of service” to his pupils, Gradgrind reveals his belief that facts are important because they enable individuals to further their own interests. However, Tom and Louisa’s unhappy childhood soon calls into question their father’s claim that “[f]acts alone are wanted in life.” Ironically, while Gradgrind refers to the pupils in his school as “reasoning animals” and compares their minds to fertile soil in which facts can be sowed, he treats them like machines by depriving them of feeling and fantasy. His jarringly short sentences and monotonous repetition of the word “Fact” illustrate his own mechanical, unemotional character. Finally, it is significant that Gradgrind’s call for facts opens a work of fiction. By drawing attention to the fact that we are reading fiction, Dickens suggests to us that facts alone cannot bring intellectual pleasure. 2. It is known, to the force of a single pound weight, what the engine will do; but not all the calculators of the National debt can tell me the capacity for good or evil, for love or hatred, for patriotism or discontent, for the decomposition of virtue into vice, or the reverse, at any single moment in the soul of one of these quiet servants, with the composed faces and the regulated actions. This passage, from Book the First, Chapter 11, provides insight into the narrator’s beliefs and opinions. Dickens’s omniscient narrator assumes the role of a moral guide, and his opinion tends to shape our own interpretations of the story. Here, we learn that the narrator disagrees with Gradgrind, believing instead that human nature cannot be reduced to a bundle of facts and scientific principles. The narrator invokes the mystery of the human mind, pointing out how little we actually know about what motivates the actions of our fellow beings. The “quiet servants” to whom the narrator refers are the factory Hands. In representing these people as an unknown quantity, the narrator counteracts Bounderby’s stereotypes of the poor as lazy, greedy good-for-nothings. While he suggests that we need to understand these people better, the narrator also implies that this knowledge cannot be attained through calculation, measurement, and/or the accumulation of fact. 3. Thou art an Angel. Bless thee, bless thee! More a symbol than a fully developed character, Rachael is often referred to as an angel by Stephen. Like Sissy Jupe, whom she later befriends, Rachael represents the qualities necessary to counteract the dehumanizing, morally corrupting effects of industrialization. She is compassionate, honest, generous, and faithful to Stephen, even when everyone else shuns him and considers him a thief. As this remark illustrates, Rachael also draws out Stephen’s good qualities, making him realize that joy can be found even in the moral darkness of Coketown. Rachael and Sissy are both socially marginal characters—the former is a Hand, and the latter is the daughter of a circus entertainer. Likewise, they are both relatively minor characters in the novel. Through their marginal status, Dickens implies that the self-serving rationalism that dominates Coketown threatens to exclude the morally pure people who are necessary to save society from complete corruption. 4. Coketown lay shrouded in a haze of its own, which appeared impervious to the sun’s rays. You only knew the town was there because you knew there could have been no such sulky blotch upon the prospect without a town. A blur of soot and smoke, now confusedly tending this way, now that way, now aspiring to the vault o |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In British currency, how many pre-decimal pennies were in a pound?"
] | contact Me 020 308 69996 British Coins and Collecting Accessories Predecimal.com - Just me specialising in British coins from about 1660 onwards and offering collectors' accessories, books and free knowledge on this interesting and fulfilling field. This website also contains the biggest British Coin related forum in the world, with over 120,000 posts it's quite possibly the largest British numismatic reference of any kind. It's searchable, free and everyone is welcome. Back in stock, and back on offer. All orders of £30 or over will receive a free pack of these coin envelopes. I'll add them automatically to your order. This website is run by Chris Perkins - British Numismatic Trade Association Member (the BNTA), professional numismatist, former broadcaster, author of the 32nd to 42nd annual editions of "Collectors' Coins GB", and of "Collectors' Coins - Decimal Issues of the UK", co-author of a number of other books! Please see Rotographic.com for more details on my range of books. With a base in Germany I am also able to offer a large range of collectors accessories at the best possible 'direct from the factory' prices. Who am I? And what assurances do I offer regarding all buying and selling of items through this website? Click here. PDF - Click Me! Full range of Lindner products available on predecimal.com! Lindner products combine excellent quality and value. Click on the Lindner image above to download the full (older, but still current) Lindner PDF catalogue (18mb). Browse through it and enter the reference numbers, without spaces, of what you require in the 'Search Products' box in the search box at the top of the website. Purchase items in the usual way. Note that the PDF prices are in Euros - The prices on predecimal.com are the GBP equivalent, or in some cases, actually even cheaper! Silver proof, as issued £5 Crown coin to mark the Christening of Princess Charlotte. I bo... £72.00£64.80 Silver proof, as issued £5 Crown coin to mark the 2nd Birthday of Prince George.&nbs... £90.00£81.00 Original red card box with some light wear on the edges/top, staining on the bottom and looseness wh... £550.00£449.40 Rainbow toned with big areas of dark irredescent purple and pinks (not at all apparent in the scans)... £180.00£144.00 Very attractive natural tone, prooflike obverse fields. Higer value coins are always sent fully insured. £95.00£85.50 A really beautiful coin with natural toned bright lustre and very little actual wear ro report. LVI ... £200.00£160.00 Good protrait, some weak areas on the reverse. TERTIO edge. REDUCED from £300.Higher values coins are always sent fully insured. £270.00£240.00 A few available, of the very best quality. £8.00£6.80 Stunning full lustre, of highest possible quality. A few available. £9.00£8.10 Choice coin with beautiful proof like fields. The odd minor stain, but I am being very picky, it'... £295.00£288.90 Anyone that has glanced at a history book for more than five minutes will probably be aware&nbs... £2.00£1.80 I purchased about 700 of these Indian 1/12th Anna coins. Each is uncirculated, but of the 700, only ... £1.50£0.99 I purchased about 700 of these Indian 1/12th Anna coins. Each is uncirculated, but of the 700, only ... £1.50£0.99 Eire 1968 penny from the last date that were produced before Irish decimalisation. All Irish pre-dec... £1.20£0.99 Round, 28mm card coin tickets, blank on both sides. A shade off-white in colour, these coin tickets... £1.75£0.99 (Quantity 50)REDUCED IN PRICE FROM JUNE 2016.NEW IMPROVED TYPE: With a slightly higher band for... £2.60£2.99 The British pre-decimal penny was a handsome 3.1cm (1.5in) large Bronze coin from 1860 - 1967, when ... £10.00£8.96 Very odd even 'lustrous' tone. No hairlines so most probably dipped or treated with somethin... £100.00 |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The Kirin is a supernatural spirit in the mythology of which country?"
] | Lesson 4 - Japanese Mythology and Folklore Lesson 4 Kami A shrine built for kami worship Kami is the Japanese term for 'spirits' and other kinds of supernatural forces that exist in nature. In addition, it can also refer to gods and other deities, but in general, kami are spirits typically associated with natural phenomena that exist in the everyday world. For instance, any aspect or form of nature, i.e. mountain, river, tree, etc..., may be thought to have a kami associated or housed within it. Sometimes, this kami may favor and be beneficial to humans that live near the existing phenomenon. For example, a benevolent or happy kami living in the mountains can help a farmer by providing water to his crops during spring. And vice versa, the opposite can also be true; an angry kami can cause great destruction to the area and people that live near it. Kodama Kodama in the film, Princess Mononoke Kodama are a type of spirit associated with trees, very similar to the dryads of Greek mythology. However, not all trees have kodama that reside inside them. Rather, these spirits tend to inhabit older and larger trees that are a part of a forest and they protect the forest from any harm. It is said that if you cut down a tree that houses a kodama, you will be struck with bad luck and misfortune. Shikigami Paper shikigami-birds in the film, Spirited Away A shikigami is a term used to describe a spirit used by onmyouji, or sorcerers. Summoned by an onmyouji, these spirits exist to protect and serve their masters--very much like the Western concept of a witch/wizard's familiar. Shikigamis can assume many kinds of forms, the most common type in legends being enchanted paper cutouts, which can produce the illusion or guise of real-life objects and creatures. Typically, shikigami are used by onmyouji to carry out risky tasks, such as spying, stealing, and tracking enemies. A shinigami, which translates to "death god" or "death spirit", is essentially the Japanese version of a Grim Reaper. The only major difference between the two is that whereas there is only a single Grim Reaper, there are many shinigami that often work in pairs. True to its name, a shinigami is a spirit responsible for ensuring that an individual dies at his or her destined time, and then with guiding said person to the underworld. It is important to remember however, that a shinigami only ensures that the individual dies--it does not perform any of the killing itself. Like most spirits associated with death, shinigami have a reputation for being dark and malicious. It is also said that they are normally invisible to people, but can be seen by those for whom death is near. Shinigami Yurei A painting of a female yurei Yurei, which literally translates to 'dim spirit,' are spirits of deceased individuals that have been kept back from moving onto a peaceful afterlife--similar to the idea of ghosts in Western legends. The Japanese traditionally hold the belief that all humans have a spirit or soul, called a reikon. When a person dies, the reikon leaves the body and enters a process of purgatory. It is here that the reikon waits for its proper funeral and rites to be performed and completed, so it can move onto the afterlife and join its ancestors. However, if a person were to die in a sudden or violent manner, such as from murder or suicide, if no proper funeral was given or rites performed after their death, or if they were influenced by negative emotions like hatred, jealousy, or revenge when they were living, then the reikon will transform into a yurei. The yurei will then remain stuck on earth until it can be put to rest, either by performing the missing ritual/burial or resolving the emotional conflict that had kept it tied down in the first place. But if these are left uncompleted, then then the yurei will continue to haunt and remain on earth forever. Create a free website |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Hoss, Little Joe and Ben are characters in which US tv series?"
] | Bonanza (TV Series 1959–1973) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The adventures of Ben Cartwright and his sons as they run and defend their ranch while helping the surrounding community. Creator: Little Joe falls in love with Alice Harper played by a young Bonnie Bedelia who he meets while rescuing her gambler brother John from a poker game gone bad. The two eventually marry and are expecting... 8.6 Hoss scares a bear that has treed a green-clad little man, subsequently finds a buried strongbox filled with bags of gold dust and, when both the treasure and its owner disappear, unsuccessfully ... 8.5 Clint Watson and his two sons are hired by Ben Cartwright to deliver nitroglycerin to Virginia City. The journey entails hardship, recrimination and tragedy. 8.5 a list of 42 titles created 24 Aug 2011 a list of 26 titles created 26 Apr 2012 a list of 46 titles created 11 Jun 2012 a list of 47 titles created 07 Aug 2012 a list of 31 titles created 1 month ago Search for " Bonanza " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 2 Golden Globes. Another 9 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards » Videos Marshal Matt Dillon keeps the peace in the rough and tumble Dodge City. Stars: James Arness, Milburn Stone, Amanda Blake The Wild West adventures of the residents and staff of Barkley Ranch in California's San Joaquin Valley. Stars: Richard Long, Peter Breck, Lee Majors Gil Favor is trail boss of a continuous cattle drive; he is assisted by Rowdy Yates. The crew runs into characters and adventures along the way. Stars: Clint Eastwood, Paul Brinegar, Steve Raines Stories of the journeys of a wagon train as it leaves post-Civil War Missouri on its way to California through the plains, deserts and Rocky Mountains. The first treks were led by gruff, ... See full summary » Stars: Frank McGrath, Terry Wilson, Robert Horton Bret and Bart Maverick (and in later seasons, their English cousin, Beau) are well dressed gamblers who migrate from town to town always looking for a good game. Poker (5 card draw) is ... See full summary » Stars: Jack Kelly, James Garner, Roger Moore Frontier hero Daniel Boone conducts surveys and expeditions around Boonesborough, running into both friendly and hostile Indians, just before and during the Revolutionary War. Stars: Fess Parker, Patricia Blair, Darby Hinton A Civil War veteran with a sawed-off rifle as a holstered weapon makes a living as a bounty hunter in the Wild West of the 1870s. Stars: Steve McQueen, Wright King, Olan Soule After the Civil War, nomadic adventurer Cheyenne Bodie roamed the west looking for fights, women and bad guys to beat up. His job changed from episode to episode. Stars: Clint Walker, Clyde Howdy, Chuck Hicks The cases of maverick undercover New York City detective Tony Baretta. Stars: Robert Blake, Tom Ewell, Michael D. Roberts Dressed-up dandy (derby and cane), gambler and lawman roams the West charming women and defending the unjustly accused. His primary weapon was his wit (and cane) rather than his gun. Stars: Gene Barry, Allison Hayes, Allen Jaffe The Shiloh Ranch in Wyoming Territory of the 1890s is owned in sequence by Judge Garth, the Grainger brothers, and Col. MacKenzie. It is the setting for a variety of stories, many more ... See full summary » Stars: Doug McClure, James Drury, Lee J. Cobb The adventures of a gentlemanly gunfighter for hire. Stars: Richard Boone, Kam Tong, Hal Needham Edit Storyline The Cartwright's one-thousand square mile Ponderosa Ranch is located near Virginia City, Nevada, site of the Comstock Silver Lode, during and after the Civil War. Each of the sons was born to a different wife of Ben's; none of the mothers is still alive. Adventures are typical western ones, with lots |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Harold and Louise were the parents of which member of The Beatles?"
] | George Harrison biography | The Beatles Bible George Harrison was lead guitarist, songwriter and singer with The Beatles. Although often overshadowed by the partnership of Lennon and McCartney during the band's lifetime, he emerged as a significant talent in his own right. The early years Harrison was born on 25 February 1943 in the family home at 12 Arnold Grove, Wavertree, Liverpool. His parents were Harold and Louise Harrison, who had roots in Ireland. They had three other children: Louise, Harry and Peter, all of whom were older than George. In 1950 the family moved to 25 Upton Green in Speke. George went to school at Dovedale Road, where he passed his 11 Plus and gained a place at the Liverpool Institute for Boys, a local grammar school. He attended the Institute between 1954 and 1959. Not an especially gifted child academically, Harrison struggled as a student and left without any qualifications. He had trouble relating to his teachers, and insisted on wearing tight jeans and long hair, much to his parents consternation. In 1959 Harrison formed a skiffle group, The Rebels, with his brother Peter and a friend, Arthur Kelly. Harrison's mother bought him a guitar for £3, and the group's debut gig at the British Legion club in Speke earned them 10 shillings. Harrison considered becoming an apprentice engineer after leaving school, but music dominated his passions and he performed with a number of fledgling groups in Liverpool. In 1958 he met the Quarrymen, whose ranks included Paul McCartney , a friend of Harrison's from the Institute. Although Harrison was considered too young to join the group, he did fill in when their regular guitarist Eric Griffiths was unavailable. Eventually he was accepted as a full member, despite the reservations of the Quarrymen founder and leader, John Lennon . Paul introduced me to George and I had to make the decision whether to let George in. I listened to George play and said, 'Play Raunchy' [a 1958 hit for saxophonist Bill Justis]. Then I said, 'OK, you can come in.' I couldn't be bothered with him when he first came around. He used to follow me around like a bloody kid, hanging around all the time. He was a kid who played guitar and he was a friend of Paul's which made it easier. It took me years to come around to him, to start considering him as an equal. John Lennon The band became Johnny and the Moondogs, and later the Silver Beetles. Their first trip to Hamburg in August 1960 took place while Harrison was just 17, and the Reeperbahn, the red light district where they played, proved an educative experience: "Everybody around the district were homosexuals, transvestites, pimps and hookers and I was in the middle of that, aged 17," he said. The first trip ended in Harrison's deportation for working under-age. When they returned in March 1961 The Beatles had become more assured as performers, and in June cut their first single, My Bonnie , as the backing band for Tony Sheridan . For this they were paid 300 marks with no royalties. At the band's first recording session for EMI, producer George Martin tried to ease the band's nerves by saying, "Let me know if there's anything you don't like". "Well, for a start," replied Harrison, "I don't like your tie." This led to a succession of jokes being cracked in the studio, which endeared the band to the EMI staff. As Beatlemania took hold, John Lennon and Paul McCartney dominated the group's output: "There was an embarrassing period when George's songs weren't that good and nobody wanted to say anything," John Lennon later said. "He just wasn't in the same league for a long time - that's not putting him down, he just hadn't had the practice as a writer that we'd had." Known as "the quiet one" of The Beatles, Harrison's first published composition was Don't Bother Me , which he wrote while ill in a hotel room in Bournemouth in the summer of 1963. It appeared on their second album With The Beatles . Harrison was later dismissive of Don't Bother Me, saying "It was a fairly crappy song. I forgot all about it completely once it was on the album... |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In the book by Miguel de Cervantes, who was Don Quixote’s squire?"
] | SparkNotes: Don Quixote: Character List Character List Plot Overview Analysis of Major Characters Don Quixote - The novel’s tragicomic hero. Don Quixote’s main quest in life is to revive knight-errantry in a world devoid of chivalric virtues and values. He believes only what he chooses to believe and sees the world very differently from most people. Honest, dignified, proud, and idealistic, he wants to save the world. As intelligent as he is mad, Don Quixote starts out as an absurd and isolated figure and ends up as a pitiable and lovable old man whose strength and wisdom have failed him. Read an in-depth analysis of Don Quixote. Sancho Panza - The peasant laborer—greedy but kind, faithful but cowardly—whom Don Quixote takes as his squire. A representation of the common man, Sancho is a foil to Don Quixote and virtually every other character in the novel. His proverb-ridden peasant’s wisdom and self-sacrificing Christian behavior prove to be the novel’s most insightful and honorable worldview. He has an awestruck love for Don Quixote but grows self-confident and saucy, ending the novel by advising his master in matters of deep personal philosophy. Read an in-depth analysis of Sancho Panza. Rocinante - Don Quixote’s barn horse. Rocinante is slow but faithful, and he is as worn out as Don Quixote is. Dapple - Sancho’s donkey. Dapple’s disappearance and reappearance is the subject of much controversy both within the story and within the literary criticism concerning Don Quixote. Cide Hamete Benengeli - The fictional writer of Moorish decent from whose manuscripts Cervantes supposedly translates the novel. Cervantes uses the figure of Benengeli to comment on the ideas of authorship and literature explored in the novel and to critique historians. Benengeli’s opinions, bound in his so-called historical text, show his contempt for those who write about chivalry falsely and with embellishment. Dulcinea del Toboso - The unseen force driving all of Don Quixote’s adventures. Dulcinea, a peasant woman whom Don Quixote envisions as his ladylove, has no knowledge of his chivalric dedication to her. Though constantly mentioned and centrally important to the novel, she never appears as a physical character. Read an in-depth analysis of Dulcinea del Toboso. Cervantes - The supposed translator of Benengeli’s historical novel, who interjects his opinions into the novel at key times. Cervantes intentionally creates the impression that he did not invent the character of Don Quixote. Like Benengeli, Cervantes is not physically present but is a character nonetheless. In his prologues, dedications, and invention of Benengeli, Cervantes enhances the self-referential nature of the novel and forces us to think about literature’s purpose and limitations. The Duke and Duchess - The cruel and haughty contrivers of the adventures that occupy Don Quixote for the majority of the novel’s Second Part. Bored and snobby, the Duke and Duchess feign interest in Don Quixote and Sancho but continually play pranks on them for their personal entertainment. The Duke and Duchess spend so much money and effort on their ploys that they seem as mad as Don Quixote. Altisidora - The Duchess’s bratty maid. Altisidora pretends to love Don Quixote, mocking his concept of romantic love. Sampson Carrasco - A sarcastic student from Don Quixote’s village. Sampson mocks Don Quixote at first but loses to him in combat and then dedicates himself to revenge. Self-important and stuffy, Sampson fails to grasp the often playful nature of Don Quixote’s madness. The priest - A friend of Don Quixote’s. The priest disapproves of fictional books that, in his opinion, negatively influence society. Nonetheless, he enjoys tales of chivalry so much that he cannot throw them away. Moreover, despite his social conscience, he enjoys Don Quixote’s madness at times. The barber - Don Quixote’s friend who recognizes Quixote’s madness but intervenes only to help the priest carry out his plans. The barber strenuously disapproves of Don Quixote’s chivalry. Teresa Panza - Sancho’s good-h |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"American Buff, Pilgrim and Cotton Patch are breeds of which bird?"
] | About American Geese - Moose Manor Farms About American Geese All About American Geese (I no longer raise Americans) Henry Goosey-Goose of Moose Manor “Whatever you say about geese with conviction, they’ll make a liar out of you,” says Dave Holderread, a goose raiser since 1961 and author of The Book of Geese: A Complete Guide to Raising the Home Flock (1981). “They’re very much like people, but on a less sophisticated level.” Strict vegetarians, ace lawnmowers, excellent watchdogs, intelligent, individualistic, opinionated, sociable, and good conversationalists. Geese are great if you have the room: a fair-sized lawn or a small meadow, and a pond helps, but it's not essential. They're very little trouble, they can get most or all of their food from grazing and they help control weeds. The American goose is one of the few domesticated goose breeds which originated in the United States. Some believe the breed was developed from buff mutations in flocks of wild Graylag geese and others think they may have been created from buff colored geese, like the Buff Back, Pomeranian and Pilgrim which came from Europe. This breed is a medium to heavy, smooth breasted, and double lobed, with a stance similar to the Embden Goose. The American is a calm, sociable and friendly goose, very loyal and affectionate, particularly to its owners. It's graceful, elegant and a bit on the curious side, nearly always with his beak up in the air, looking all around to see if there might be something new to check out. This is a truely lovely goose to watch gliding along through the barnyard with flock in tow on the way to grazing. And it's a real treat to see them acting a bit silly while splashing in the pond, bup-bup-bupping their conversations, and racing from one pool to another to jump in and out playfully. The American Buff is a medium-large weight goose with ganders weighing about 20 pounds and geese weighing about 18 pounds at maturity. Buffs are a medium shade of buff with no grey. The best colored offspring are a lovely apricot-fawn color. American Blue and Lavender Ice are two handsome varieties of the the American goose which are the fruit of Dave Holderread's 20-year investigation of the genetic intricacies of blue color in domestic geese. The plumage of the Blue is a pretty bluish-gray; the Lavender Ice is an exquisite silver-lavender. Bills are orange and the eyes are brown. These geese have the same solid conformation as the American Buff, and typically weigh between 14-22 pounds. Most females lay 30-45 eggs in the spring breeding season if eggs are gathered daily. When allowed to set, they make excellent natural parents. The goslings are hardy, fast-growing and superb foragers. With their unique colors and many practical attributes, they make a superior goose for the homestead or yard. Americans are good-natured and, on the whole, non-aggressive but they still retain the spirit of most goose breeds: they make noise when they sense danger. It’s this watchdog characteristic that geese are best known for. One of the most famous stories about Ancient Rome is the legend of the Capitoline Geese. When Rome was routed in 390 BC by the Gauls, the Romans took refuge on Capitoline Hill. For 7 months the Gauls held the city at siege but one night while the Romans slept the Gauls attempted to sneak up the hill. Before they reached the summit the Capitoline Geese honked and squawked until the Romans woke and forced the Gauls to the bottom and saved the city. Not just good watchdogs, they also will help you maintain a perfect sustainable garden - using geese to control weeds is an excellent practice. They don’t compact the soil the way machines or people do. They will happily and industriously work seven days a week, rain or shine. Their agile necks allow them to pull weeds close to and from within the crop plants, where machine or hoe can’t. All of this is accomplished while the geese are naturally spreading nitrogen-rich manure all over the field. It’s important to start them on weeds as goslings rather than lush grass and provide them |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"‘Mercredi’ is French for which day of the week?"
] | French Calendar Vocabulary - Days, Months, Seasons Days are not capitalized in French. The French week starts on Monday, rather than Sunday. You may or may not need to use the masculine definite article le : If you're talking about the day of a unique event, do not use an article: Je l'ai vu dimanche (I saw him on Sunday) Il va arriver mercredi (He'll arrive on Wednesday). |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"22 ‘What’ Avenue’ is the title of a song by Iron Maiden?"
] | IRON MAIDEN - 22 ACACIA AVENUE LYRICS 22 Acacia Avenue Lyrics If you're feeling down depressed and lonely I know a place where we can go 22 Acacia Avenue Meet a lady that I know, so if you're looking for a good time And you're prepared to pay the price Fifteen quid is all she asks for, everybody's got their vice If you're waiting for a long time for the rest to do their piece You can tell her that you know me And you might even get it free So any time you're down the East End, don't you hesitate to go You can take my honest word for it She'll teach you more than you can know Charlotte can't you get out from all this madness? Can't you see it only brings you sadness? When you entertain your men don't know the risk of getting disease Some day when you're reach the age of forty I bet you'll regret the days when you were laying Nobody then will want to know You won't have any beautiful wares to show, any more 22, the Avenue That's the place where we all go You will find it's warm inside The red light's burning bright tonight Charlotte isn't it time you stopped this mad life Don't you ever think about the bad times Why do you have to live this way? Do you enjoy your lay or is it the pay? Sometimes when your strolling down the avenue The way you walk it make men think of having you When you're walking down the street Everybody stops and turns to stare at you 22, the Avenue That's the place where we all go You will find it's warm inside The red light's burning bright tonight Beat her, mistreat her, do anything that you please Bite her, excite her, make her get down on her knees Abuse her, misuse her, she can take all that you've got Caress her, molest her, she always does what you want? You're running away, don't you know what you're doing? Can't you see it'll lead you to ruin? Charlotte you've taken your life and you've thrown it away You believe that because what you're earning? Your life's good don't you know that it's hurting? All the people that love you don't cast them aside All the men that are constantly drooling It's no life for you stop all that screwing You're packing your bags, you're coming with me Writer(s): Adrian Frederick Smith, Stephen Percy Harris Lyrics powered by www.musixmatch.com |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which ‘A’ is a bright blue colour, often associated with a clear, unclouded sky?"
] | Bluer - definition of bluer by The Free Dictionary Bluer - definition of bluer by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bluer (blo͞o) n. 1. The hue of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between green and indigo, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 490 nanometers; any of a group of colors that may vary in lightness and saturation, whose hue is that of a clear daytime sky; one of the additive or light primaries; one of the psychological primary hues. 2. a. A pigment or dye imparting this hue. b. Bluing. a. An object having this hue. b. Dress or clothing of this hue: The ushers wore blue. 4. a. A person who wears a blue uniform. b. blues A dress blue uniform, especially that of the US Army. 5. often Blue a. A member of the Union Army in the Civil War. b. The Union Army. 7. Any of various small blue butterflies of the family Lycaenidae. 8. adj. blu·er, blu·est 1. Of the color blue. 2. Bluish or having parts that are blue or bluish, as the blue spruce and the blue whale. 3. Having a gray or purplish color, as from cold or contusion. 4. Wearing blue. 5. Being a trail, as for skiing, marked with a sign having a blue square, indicating an intermediate level of difficulty. 6. Relating to or being a blue state. 7. a. Gloomy; depressed. See Synonyms at depressed . b. Dismal; dreary: a blue day. 8. Puritanical; strict. 10. Indecent; risqué: a blue joke; a blue movie. tr. & intr.v. blued, blu·ing, blues To make or become blue. Idioms: blue in the face At the point of extreme exasperation: I argued with them until I was blue in the face. into the blue At a far distance; into the unknown: spontaneously take a trip into the blue. out of the blue 1. From an unexpected or unforeseen source: criticism that came out of the blue. 2. At a completely unexpected time: a long-unseen friend who appeared out of the blue. [Middle English blue, bleu, from Old French bleu, of Germanic origin; see bhel-1 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] blue′ly adv. (bluː) n 1. (Colours) any of a group of colours, such as that of a clear unclouded sky, that have wavelengths in the range 490–445 nanometres. Blue is the complementary colour of yellow and with red and green forms a set of primary colours. 2. (Dyeing) a dye or pigment of any of these colours 3. (Textiles) blue cloth or clothing: dressed in blue. 4. (Education) a. a sportsperson who represents or has represented Oxford or Cambridge University and has the right to wear the university colour (dark blue for Oxford, light blue for Cambridge): an Oxford blue. b. the honour of so representing one's university 5. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) Brit an informal name for Tory 6. (Animals) any of numerous small blue-winged butterflies of the genera Lampides, Polyommatus, etc: family Lycaenidae 7. archaic short for bluestocking 8. slang a policeman 9. (Archery) archery a blue ring on a target, between the red and the black, scoring five points 10. (Billiards & Snooker) a blue ball in snooker, etc 11. (Dyeing) another name for blueing 12. slang Austral and NZ an argument or fight: he had a blue with a taxi driver. 13. (Law) slang Also: bluey Austral and NZ a court summons, esp for a traffic offence 14. informal Austral and NZ a mistake; error 15. out of the blue apparently from nowhere; unexpectedly: the opportunity came out of the blue. 16. into the blue into the unknown or the far distance adj, bluer or bluest 17. (Colours) of the colour blue 18. (of the flesh) having a purple tinge, as from cold or contusion 19. depressed, moody, or unhappy 20. dismal or depressing: a blue day. 21. indecent, titillating, or pornographic: blue films. 22. (Animals) bluish in colour or having parts or marks that are bluish: a blue fox; a blue whale. 23. rare aristocratic; noble; patrician: a blue family. See blue blood 24. US relating to, supporting, or representing the Democratic Party. Compare red 118 vb, blues, blueing, bluing or blued 25. to make, dye, or become blue 26. (Dyeing) (tr) to treat (laundry) with blueing 27. (tr) slang to spend extr |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Axilla is the scientific term for which part of the body?"
] | Axilla - definition of axilla by The Free Dictionary Axilla - definition of axilla by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/axilla n. pl. ax·il·lae (-sĭl′ē) 1. The armpit. 2. A body part analogous to the armpit, such as the hollow under a bird's wing. [Latin.] 1. (Anatomy) the technical name for the armpit 2. (Zoology) the area on the undersurface of a bird's wing corresponding to the armpit [C17: from Latin: armpit] n., pl. ax•il•lae (ækˈsɪl i) 1. the armpit. 2. the corresponding region under the wing of a bird. [1610–20; < Latin] Noun 1. axilla - the hollow under the arm where it is joined to the shoulder; "they were up to their armpits in water" armpit , axillary cavity , axillary fossa bodily cavity , cavum , cavity - (anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body arteria axillaris , axillary artery - the part of the main artery of the arm that lies in the armpit and is continuous with the subclavian artery above and the brachial artery below shoulder - the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm Translations axilla n (pl -lae) axila Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: subaxillary References in periodicals archive ? XSTAT is a first-in-kind hemostatic device for the treatment of severe bleeding in the axilla or groin area (known as junctional wounds). Unusual presentation of metastatic ovarian carcinoma as an enlarged intramammary lymph node Of course we know that deodorants don't have any reinforcements to keep you from sweating--once you apply deodorant to your axilla and go for your daily gym session, you're going to perspire. Bacterial pathogens associated with Hidradenitis Suppurativa, France According to the group, a more recent study found higher levels of one paraben, n-propylparaben, in the axilla quadrant of the breast where the highest proportion of breast tumors is found. Dear EarthTalk: A friend of mine recently stopped using skin and beauty products with parabens in them. What are parabens and should we all be avoiding them? We recently attempted 16 radial blocks at or below the elbow in patients in whom a primary attempt for radial nerve block in the axilla had failed. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which ‘A’ is a liqueur originally distilled from wine and wormwood?"
] | Home Distillation of Alcohol (Homemade Alcohol to Drink) Absinthe There are three basic styles for making absinthe. 1. Add wormwood to a wine and distill off. Soak some wormwood in neutral spirit to colour, and add the two together. 2. Soak wormwood in some neutral alcohol 3. Adding oil extract to neutral alcohol. Of these, (1) is the traditional technique, but (2) is commonly used by "cheaper" manufacturers. Style (3) is usually shunned. Wal writes ... Pernod is Absinthe without the wormwood for legal reasons. If you want to know what it tasted once, macerate wormwood (artemisia absinthium) in the bottle. An article on Absinthe (Scientific American, June 1989, pp112-117) describes a 1855 recipe from Pontarlier, France. Here is a scaled down version you can try: Macerate 25g wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), 50g anise, and 50g fennel (all finely divided) in 950ml 85%abv in a 2l flask. (Note: no heat was specified for extraction). Add 450ml distilled water. Do a pot still distillation, collecting 950ml of distillate. Separate 400ml of the distillate, add 10g Roman wormwood (Artemisia pontica), 10g hyssop, 5g lemon balm, and macerate at 60C. Filter and reunite with the remaining 550ml and dilute to 74%abv to produce 1litre of Absinthe. Note: I think you use crushed aniseed and fennel seed, as it is the seed that has the strongest flavor. You can see that it is the anise flavor that predominates. Modern "Pernod" and "Ricard" are basically absinthes without the wormwood. They are now known as a "pastis" (regional for "melange" or mixture). As a substitute for wormwood, the modern drink uses increased amounts of aniseed. Pernod includes aniseed, fennel, hyssop, lemon balm along with lesser amounts of angelica root, star-anise, dittany, juniper, nutmeg, veronica. Different absinthe manufacturers used slightly different ingredients, sometimes using nutmeg and calamus, both of which have purported psychoactive effects. In Culpeper's 'The Complete Herbal', 1653, there is a recipe that looks like the ancestor of Absinthe and which is still relevant, unlike some of the others which include vipers, swallows, roosters and snails! I have redacted it to a 20l (5US gal) quantity. See - 'Compounds, Spirit and Compound Distilled Waters' http://www.bootlegbooks.com/NonFiction/Culpeper/Herbal/chap375.html 'Spiritus et Aqua Absynthii magis composita Or spirit and water of Wormwood, the greater composition' Absinthe (1653) 5g Cardamon 5g Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba) Macerate chopped ingredients for at least 12 hours and then distill. Add 1 cup of sugar/litre of distillate. Absinthe was originally about 60%abv, while the above 1653 recipe was intended to be a single pot distillation. ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM (Wormwood) Synonyms : Wormwood; Common Wormwood Definition : Artemisia Absinthium consists of the dried leaves and flowering tops of Artemisia absinthium L. (Fam. Compositae), a shrubby al herb growing in the United States and Canada. It is cultivated in N. Africa, Europe and the U.S.A. The flowering tops are collected during the late summer Artemisia Absinthium yields about 1% of volatile oil containing thujone (absinthol), thujyl alcohol and iso-valeric acid . It contains, in addition absinthin and a bitter glycoside. Jack recommends the following as very good ... In one litre of undiluted clear spirit (95%) soak for twenty days (shaking once a day) the following: 28 grams wormwood (artemisia absinthium) 28 grams aniseed 4.5 grams licorice root (cut) 1.25 grams citrus peel Just soak the above until the color you want is reached, then filter and bottle. If artemisia absinthium cannot be found, artemisia pontica (roman wormwood), tanacetum vulgare (tansy), salvia officinalis (sage), thuja occidentalis (white cedar), or artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) may also be used in it's place. This is a traditional absinthe recipe from the turn of the century. As for those worried about the medical effects- recent research has found that the old disease "absinthism" has symptoms and progression remarkably similar to |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which ‘A’ is an account of the life of a person, written by that person?"
] | What is the life story of a person written by himself called? | Reference.com What is the life story of a person written by himself called? A: Quick Answer An autobiography is a piece of nonfiction work written by an individual about his own life experiences. This work may be published in the form of a short story, a novel or an essay. Full Answer Some authors choose to write a memoir instead, which is a book that is based on a true story but may have different names, locations or events. A memoir generally depicts a specific experience or life lesson in an informal tone, while an autobiography uses a more formal voice and focuses on events throughout the author's entire life. Some well-known autobiographies include "The Diary of a Young Girl" by Anne Frank and "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" by Maya Angelou. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which Greek god was the twin brother of Artemis?"
] | Artemis Artemis See More Artemis Pictures > Artemis was the goddess of chastity, virginity, the hunt, the moon, and the natural environment. She was the daughter of Zeus and Leto , twin sister of Apollo . She was born on the island of Ortygia (Delos), where Leto had found shelter after being hunted by the lawful wife of Zeus , Hera . As soon as Artemis was born, she helped her mother give birth to her twin brother, thereby becoming the protector of childbirth and labour. She asked her father to grant her eternal chastity and virginity, and never gave in to any potential lovers; devoted to hunting and nature, she rejected marriage and love. She was the protector of nature and the hunt; both wild and tame animals were under her protection. She also protected the agriculture and animal herding. Artemis appeared in a number of myths . In the myth of Actaeon , he was a hunting companion of Artemis ; at some point, he saw the goddess naked bathing in a spring and tried to rape her. As a punishment, Artemis transformed him into a stag and his hounds killed him. In the myth of Orion which has various versions, Orion was also a hunting companion of Artemis and the only person to have won her heart. However, he was accidentally killed either by the goddess or by a scorpion which was sent by Gaea . In another myth, Callisto was one of the followers of Artemis and thus she had remained a virgin. Zeus , however, changing his form to resemble Artemis , managed to seduce and rape her, impregnating her. Callisto gave birth to Arcas, but later, she was transformed into a bear either by Hera or Artemis . Arcas almost killed his mother, but Zeus stopped him and placed Callisto in the heavens as a constellation. According to other sources, both Callisto and Arcas were turned into the Ursa Minor and the Ursa Major constellations. Artemis Is also called Diana, Diana. |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In the religious calendar which ‘A’ is the first day of Lent?"
] | What Is Lent and How Is the Lenten Season Observed? By Mary Fairchild Updated February 12, 2016. Lent is the Christian season of preparation before Easter. The Lenten season is a time when many Christians observe a period of fasting , repentance , moderation, self-denial and spiritual discipline. The purpose is to set aside time for reflection on Jesus Christ - his suffering and his sacrifice, his life, death , burial and resurrection. During the six weeks of of self-examination and reflection, Christians who observe Lent typically make a commitment to fast, or to give up something--a habit, such as smoking, watching TV, or swearing, or a food or drink, such as sweets, chocolate or coffee. Some Christians also take on a Lenten discipline, such as reading the Bible and spending more time in prayer to draw nearer to God. Strict observers do not eat meat on Fridays, having fish instead. The goal is to strengthen the faith and spiritual disciplines of the observer, and develop a closer relationship with God. Lent in Western Christianity In Western Christianity, Ash Wednesday marks the first day, or the start of the season of Lent, which begins 40 days prior to Easter (Technically 46, as Sundays are not included in the count). The exact date changes every year , because Easter and its surrounding holidays are movable feasts. The significance of the 40-day period of Lent is based on two episodes of spiritual testing in the Bible: the 40 years of wilderness wandering by the Israelites and the Temptation of Jesus after he spent 40 days fasting in the wilderness. Lent in Eastern Christianity In Eastern Orthodoxy , the spiritual preparations begin with Great Lent , a 40-day period of self-examination and fasting (including Sundays), which starts on Clean Monday and culminates on Lazarus Saturday. Clean Monday falls seven weeks before Easter Sunday. The term "Clean Monday" refers to a cleansing from sinful attitudes through the Lenten fast . Lazarus Saturday occurs eight days before Easter Sunday and signifies the end of Great Lent . Do All Christian Observe Lent? Not all Christian churches observe Lent. Lent is mostly observed by the Lutheran , Methodist , Presbyterian and Anglican denominations, and also by Roman Catholics . Eastern Orthodox churches observe Lent or Great Lent , during the 6 weeks or 40 days preceding Palm Sunday with fasting continuing during the Holy Week of Orthodox Easter . Lent for Eastern Orthodox churches begins on Monday (called Clean Monday) and Ash Wednesday is not observed. The Bible does not mention the custom of Lent, however, the practice of repentance and mourning in ashes is found in 2 Samuel 13:19; Esther 4:1; Job 2:8; Daniel 9:3; and Matthew 11:21. Likewise, the word "Easter" does not appear in the Bible and no early church celebrations of Christ's resurrection are mentioned in Scripture. Easter, like Christmas, is a tradition that developed later in church history. The account of Jesus' death on the cross, or crucifixion, his burial and his resurrection , or raising from the dead, can be found in the following passages of Scripture: Matthew 27:27-28:8; Mark 15:16-16:19; Luke 23:26-24:35; and John 19:16-20:30. What Is Shrove Tuesday? Many churches that observe Lent, celebrate Shrove Tuesday . Traditionally, pancakes are eaten on Shrove Tuesday (the day before Ash Wednesday) to use up rich foods like eggs and dairy in anticipation of the 40-day fasting season of Lent. Shrove Tuesday is also called Fat Tuesday or Mardi Gras , which is French for Fat Tuesday. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which sign of the Zodiac is represented by the ram?"
] | Zodiac Signs Home > Astrology > Zodiac > Signs Signs of the Zodiac A number, 1-12, marks each sign's place in the zodiac and each sign is identified by both an image and a symbol as well as its constellation in the heavens. A person's star sign is determined by the location of the Sun in relation to the zodiac at the time of their birth. The spring signs of Aries the ram, Taurus the bull, and Gemini the twins are the first group of the signs of the zodiac. 1. Aries (March 21-April 19) Image: the ram Element: Fire Aries begins on the vernal equinox, which marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. Aries is a small constellation that represents the ram that Jason and the Argonauts sought to capture for its Golden Fleece. Those born under the sign of Aries are called Arians13. 2. Taurus (April 20–May 20) Image: the bull Element: earth Mythology recognizes Taurus as the white bull disguise that Zeus assumed when presenting himself to Europa 12. A person born under the sign of Taurus is called a Taurean13. 3. Gemini (May 21–June 21) Image: the twins Element: Air Gemini represents the sons of Zeus, the twins Castor and Pollux, whose names are given to the constellation's two brightest stars. Those born under the sign of Gemini are called Geminians13. The summer signs of the zodiac are Cancer the crab, Leo the lion, and Virgo the virgin. 4. Cancer (June 22–July 22) Image: the crab Element: water Cancer begins on the summer solstice, the time of year when the sun reaches its northernmost point. The sign of Cancer represents the crab crushed under the foot of Hercules. Cancer is most noted for the globular star cluster of Praesepe, the Beehive cluster. Cancerians are also called "moon children"7. 5. Leo, the lion (July 23–August 22) Image: the lion Element: fire Egyptian, Babylonian, Arab, and Greek mythology all represent this well-defined constellation as a lion. The western part of the constellation, a curved line known as the Sickle, represents the lion's head15. In Greek mythology, Leo is the Nemean lion slain by Hercules. The Nemean lion was invulnerable to all weapons until Hercules strangled it with his bare hands. Zeus put the lion in the sky as a constellation14. Those born under the sign of Leo are simply known as "Leos". 6. Virgo (August 23–September 22) Image: the virgin Element: the earth Virgo, the last of the summer signs, is a large constellation, represented by a maiden who holds a sheaf of grain. Virgo is also identified with goddesses of fertility such as such as Ishtar or Persephone. Those born under the sign of Virgo are called Virgoans13. The signs of autumn are Libra the balance, Scorpio the scorpion and Sagittarius the archer. 7. Libra (September 23–October 23) Image: the balance or scales Element: Air Sometimes identified with Astraea, the Roman goddess of justice15, Libra brings balance as she marks the second equinox of the year, the autumnal equinox. Her image is either a woman holding a balance or the balanced scale alone. One born under the sign of Libra is called a Libran13. 8. Scorpio (October 24–November 21) Image: the scorpion Element: water Scorpius is one of the most vivid constellations in the sky with the bright red star Antares positioned in its heart16. In astrology, the constellation Scorpius is called Scorpio. Its image refers to the Greek myth of the scorpion that stung Orion, a tale that explains why the constellation of Orion sets as Scorpius rises in the sky15. Those born under the sign of Scorpio are simply called "Scorpios". 9. Sagittarius (November 22–December 21) Image: the archer Element: fire From the Latin sagitta for arrow8, Sagittarius is the last of the autumn signs of the zodiac. Sagittarius is set in a large constellation that represents a centaur (half man, half horse) carrying a bow and arrow11. His arrow points at the red heart of Scorpio. One who is born under the sign of Sagittarius is called a Sagittarian2. The winter signs of the zodiac are Capricorn the goat, Aquarius the water bearer, and Pisces |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"According to the Bible, which ‘A’ was the last battle between good and evil before the Day of Judgement?"
] | What Does the Bible Say About Armageddon? | United Church of God United Church of God What Does the Bible Say About Armageddon? You are here UCG.org / The Good News / What Does the Bible Say About Armageddon? What Does the Bible Say About Armageddon? Posted on Sep 27, 2002 by Good News Estimated reading time: 1 minute Login or Create an Account With a UCG.org account you will be able to save items to read and study later! Sign In | Sign Up × It's a common term that most people use to mean "the end of the world," but it's true meaning is a little bit different. The Bible mentions Armageddon only once, in Revelation 16:16 Revelation 16:16And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon. American King James Version × : “And they gathered them together to the place called in Hebrew, Armageddon.” The Greek word Armageddon comes from two Hebrew words: Har Megiddo, meaning “the hill of Megiddo.” The common (but misleading) notion is that Armageddon will be the last, climactic battle to be fought on earth between the powers of good and evil. However, this is not quite right in several crucial respects. Armageddon—or more likely the large broad Valley of Jezreel, or Esdraelon, which Megiddo overlooks—will in fact be the staging area for the final great battle of this age, but not the site of the battle itself. That is set not at Meggido but in the Valley of Jehoshaphat—commonly reckoned to be the Kidron Valley, immediately adjacent to Jerusalem (see Joel 3:2 Joel 3:2I will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them there for my people and for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted my land. American King James Version × ; Joel 3:9-16 Joel 3:9-16 9 Proclaim you this among the Gentiles; Prepare war, wake up the mighty men, let all the men of war draw near; let them come up: 10 Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning hooks into spears: let the weak say, I am strong. 11 Assemble yourselves, and come, all you heathen, and gather yourselves together round about: thither cause your mighty ones to come down, O LORD. 12 Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round about. 13 Put you in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe: come, get you down; for the press is full, the fats overflow; for their wickedness is great. 14 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. 15 The sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw their shining. 16 The LORD also shall roar out of Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth shall shake: but the LORD will be the hope of his people, and the strength of the children of Israel. American King James Version × ). Notwithstanding the popular concept of the Battle of Armageddon, the Bible makes no specific prediction for a war fought at Armageddon between two human armies precisely at Christ’s return. However, the Bible does say that the armies of the East and West will be drawn to the infamous valley by lying demons ( Revelation 16:14 Revelation 16:14For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth to the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. American King James Version × ). From there they will march to Jerusalem. There they will fight the returning Jesus Christ ( Revelation 14:14-20 Revelation 14:14-20 14 And I looked, and behold a white cloud, and on the cloud one sat like to the Son of man, having on his head a golden crown, and in his hand a sharp sickle. 15 And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to him that sat on the cloud, Thrust in your sickle, and reap: for the time is come for you to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe. 16 And he that sat on the cloud thrust in his sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped. 17 And another angel came out of the temple which |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In humans, which ‘A’ is another term for memory loss?"
] | Dementia – Signs, Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Treatment, Care | alz.org While symptoms of dementia can vary greatly, at least two of the following core mental functions must be significantly impaired to be considered dementia: Memory Ability to focus and pay attention Reasoning and judgment Visual perception People with dementia may have problems with short-term memory, keeping track of a purse or wallet, paying bills, planning and preparing meals, remembering appointments or traveling out of the neighborhood. Many dementias are progressive, meaning symptoms start out slowly and gradually get worse. If you or a loved one is experiencing memory difficulties or other changes in thinking skills, don't ignore them. See a doctor soon to determine the cause. Professional evaluation may detect a treatable condition. And even if symptoms suggest dementia, early diagnosis allows a person to get the maximum benefit from available treatments and provides an opportunity to volunteer for clinical trials or studies . It also provides time to plan for the future. Sign up for our weekly e-newsletter Receive helpful tips on managing symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Subscribe now Causes Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells. This damage interferes with the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other. When brain cells cannot communicate normally, thinking, behavior and feelings can be affected. The brain has many distinct regions, each of which is responsible for different functions (for example, memory, judgment and movement). When cells in a particular region are damaged, that region cannot carry out its functions normally. Take our interactive Brain Tour . Different types of dementia are associated with particular types of brain cell damage in particular regions of the brain. For example, in Alzheimer's disease, high levels of certain proteins inside and outside brain cells make it hard for brain cells to stay healthy and to communicate with each other. The brain region called the hippocampus is the center of learning and memory in the brain, and the brain cells in this region are often the first to be damaged. That's why memory loss is often one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's. While most changes in the brain that cause dementia are permanent and worsen over time, thinking and memory problems caused by the following conditions may improve when the condition is treated or addressed: Depression Back to top Diagnosis of dementia There is no one test to determine if someone has dementia. Doctors diagnose Alzheimer's and other types of dementia based on a careful medical history, a physical examination, laboratory tests, and the characteristic changes in thinking, day-to-day function and behavior associated with each type. Doctors can determine that a person has dementia with a high level of certainty. But it's harder to determine the exact type of dementia because the symptoms and brain changes of different dementias can overlap. In some cases, a doctor may diagnose "dementia" and not specify a type. If this occurs it may be necessary to see a specialist such as a neurologist or gero-psychologist. Learn more: Memory Tests Dementia help and support are available If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with dementia, you are not alone. The Alzheimer's Association is one of the most trusted resources for information, education, referral and support. Visit our Virtual Library Dementia treatment and care Treatment of dementia depends on its cause. In the case of most progressive dementias, including Alzheimer's disease, there is no cure and no treatment that slows or stops its progression. But there are drug treatments that may temporarily improve symptoms. The same medications used to treat Alzheimer's are among the drugs sometimes prescribed to help with symptoms of other types of dementias . Non-drug therapies can also alleviate some symptoms of dementia. Ultimately, the path to effective new treatments for dementia is through increased research funding and increased participation in clinical studie |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which ‘A’ is the white of an egg?"
] | Egg white - definition of egg white by The Free Dictionary Egg white - definition of egg white by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/egg+white (Zoology) the white of an egg; albumen ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. egg white - the white part of an egg; the nutritive and protective gelatinous substance surrounding the yolk consisting mainly of albumin dissolved in water; "she separated the whites from the yolks of several eggs" fixings , ingredient - food that is a component of a mixture in cooking; "the recipe lists all the fixings for a salad" eggs , egg - oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food Translations n → albume m, bianco d'uovo egg white Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: cookie References in periodicals archive ? TEHRAN (FNA)- Iranian researchers from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences proposed the application of egg white as the size-controlling agent in the production of oxide nanoparticles. A hot dessert that's really cool INGREDIENTS (makes 1) 25ml of Amaretto 25ml of Mozart Dark Chocolate liqueur 25ml of Mozart White Chocolate liqueur 25ml of milk 2 dashes of Chocolate Bitters 1/2 an egg white 1/2 shot honey or sugar to taste Garnish with a small piece of Easter egg METHOD COMBINE all ingredients in a shaker with ice. And to drink INGREDIENTS (makes 1) 25ml of Amaretto 25ml of Mozart Dark Chocolate liqueur 25ml of Mozart White Chocolate liqueur 25ml of milk 2 dashes of Chocolate Bitters 1/2 an egg white 1/2 shot honey or sugar to taste Garnish with a small piece of Easter egg INGREDIENTS (makes 1) 25ml of Amaretto 25ml of Mozart Dark Chocolate liqueur 25ml of Mozart White Chocolate liqueur 25ml of milk 2 dashes of Chocolate Bitters 1/2 an egg white 1/2 shot honey or sugar to taste Garnish with a small piece of Easter egg METHOD COMBINE all ingredients in a shaker with ice. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is the title of the 1984 film about the life of composer Mozart?"
] | Amadeus (1984) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The incredible story of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , told by his peer and secret rival Antonio Salieri - now confined to an insane asylum. Director: Peter Shaffer (original stage play), Peter Shaffer (original screenplay) Stars: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 25 titles created 03 Jul 2011 a list of 21 titles created 11 Jan 2013 a list of 22 titles created 26 Jun 2014 a list of 21 titles created 28 Jan 2015 a list of 37 titles created 5 months ago Search for " Amadeus " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 8 Oscars. Another 33 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards » Videos In Chicago in September 1936, a young con man seeking revenge for his murdered partner teams up with a master of the big con to win a fortune from a criminal banker. Director: George Roy Hill A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. Director: Milos Forman Gandhi's character is fully explained as a man of nonviolence. Through his patience, he is able to drive the British out of the subcontinent. And the stubborn nature of Jinnah and his commitment towards Pakistan is portrayed. Director: Richard Attenborough A sexually frustrated suburban father has a mid-life crisis after becoming infatuated with his daughter's best friend. Director: Sam Mendes When his secret bride is executed for assaulting an English soldier who tried to rape her, William Wallace begins a revolt against King Edward I of England. Director: Mel Gibson 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. Director: Stanley Kubrick In Casablanca, Morocco in December 1941, a cynical American expatriate meets a former lover, with unforeseen complications. Director: Michael Curtiz The story of T.E. Lawrence , the English officer who successfully united and led the diverse, often warring, Arab tribes during World War I in order to fight the Turks. Director: David Lean Atticus Finch, a lawyer in the Depression-era South, defends a black man against an undeserved rape charge, and his children against prejudice. Director: Robert Mulligan Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. Director: Orson Welles A Polish Jewish musician struggles to survive the destruction of the Warsaw ghetto of World War II. Director: Roman Polanski A young recruit in Vietnam faces a moral crisis when confronted with the horrors of war and the duality of man. Director: Oliver Stone Edit Storyline Antonio Salieri believes that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's music is divine and miraculous. He wishes he was himself as good a musician as Mozart so that he can praise the Lord through composing. He began his career as a devout man who believes his success and talent as a composer are God's rewards for his piety. He's also content as the respected, financially well-off, court composer of Austrian Emperor Joseph II. But he's shocked to learn that Mozart is such a vulgar creature, and can't understand why God favored Mozart to be his instrument. Salieri's envy has made him an enemy of God whose greatness was evident in Mozart. He is ready to take revenge against God and Mozart for his own musical mediocrity. Written by Khaled Salem Did You Know? Trivia The piece of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's music with the oboe and clarinet themes, whose score |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which ‘A’ is another name for an enemy or opponent?"
] | Enemy | Define Enemy at Dictionary.com enemy noun, plural enemies. 1. a person who feels hatred for, fosters harmful designs against, or engages in antagonistic activities against another; an adversary or opponent. 2. an armed foe; an opposing military force: The army attacked the enemy at dawn. 3. a hostile nation or state. 4. a citizen of such a state. 5. enemies, persons, nations, etc., that are hostile to one another: Let's make up and stop being enemies. 6. His unbridled ambition is his worst enemy. 7. the Enemy, the Devil; Satan. adjective belonging to a hostile power or to any of its nationals: enemy property. Latin 1250-1300 1250-1300; Middle English enemi < Anglo-French, Old French < Latin inimicus unfriendly, equivalent to in- in- 3 + amicus friendly, friend; see amicable Related forms See more synonyms on Thesaurus.com 1. antagonist. Enemy, foe refer to a dangerous public or personal adversary. Enemy emphasizes the idea of hostility: to overcome the enemy; a bitter enemy. Foe, a more literary word, may be used interchangeably with enemy, but emphasizes somewhat more the danger to be feared from such a one: deadly foe; arch foe of humankind (the Devil ). Antonyms Examples from the Web for enemy Expand Contemporary Examples For whoever holds love and compassion in high esteem, the practice of tolerance is essential, and it requires an enemy. Tarrano the Conqueror Raymond King Cummings There was nothing on board the Maria that could cope with the enemy's guns. Hi Jolly! James Arthur Kjelgaard British Dictionary definitions for enemy Expand noun (pl) -mies 1. a person hostile or opposed to a policy, cause, person, or group, esp one who actively tries to do damage; opponent 2. an armed adversary; opposing military force (as modifier): enemy aircraft a hostile nation or people (as modifier): an enemy alien 4. something that harms or opposes; adversary: courage is the enemy of failure related C13: from Old French enemi, from Latin inimīcus hostile, from in-1 + amīcus friend Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for enemy Expand n. early 13c., from Old French enemi (12c.), earlier inimi (9c.) "enemy, adversary, foe, demon, the Devil," from Latin inimicus "hostile, unfriendly; an enemy" (source of Italian nemico, Catalan enamic, Spanish enemigo, Portuguese inimigo), from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + amicus "friend" related to amare "to love" (see Amy ). Most words for "personal enemy" cover also "enemy in war," but certain languages have special terms for the latter, e.g. Greek polemioi (distinct from ekhthroi), Latin hostis, originally "stranger" (distinct from inimicus), Russian neprijatel' (distinct from vrag). Russian vrag (Old Church Slavonic vragu) is cognate with Lithuanian vargas "misery" (see urge ), and probably is related to Proto-Germanic *wargoz, source of Old Norse vargr "outlaw," hence "wolf;" Icelandic vargur "fox," Old English wearg "criminal, felon;" which likely were the inspirations for J.R.R. Tolkien's warg "a kind of large ferocious wolf" in "The Hobbit" (1937) and "Lord of the Rings." Related: Enemies. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Globe, Omaha Fiesole and Chianti are all varieties of which vegetable?"
] | Baked Artichoke Recipe Baked Artichoke Recipe written by Heather Restrepo So there are a variety of types when it comes to artichokes (Red-Babyanzio, Big-heart, Siena, Mercury, Omaha, Fiesole, Chianti, etc.) But perhaps the most common is the Classic Green Globe artichoke. This is probably the type of artichoke you will find at your local grocer. Having moved to Hawaii as a teen, that is when I was first introduced to this intimidating looking veggie. I would never have predicted that I could ever encompass the foodie-love-affair that I now have with them! The Classic Green Globe artichoke is by far my favorite because of its’ buttery-tasting heart and bottom. There is also a good amount of meat within the petals – SCORE if you ask me! Many people enjoy perfectly grilled, baked, or steamed artichokes at fancy restaurants, which are usually served with a garlic aioli type of sauce (find my aioli recipe here ). Nonetheless, making them at home is not as scary as you might think! I find that steaming artichokes gives them a bitter taste compared to baking, plus popping them in the oven is so much easier than messing with a steamer! So, here is my go-to recipe for BAKED artichokes: INGREDIENTS: 2 tbsp. Grass-fed Butter (un-salted) 1 tsp. Garlic Powder *NOTE: You will need a baking dish with a lid/cover. To start – Preheat the oven to 425 degrees. Give the artichoke a good rinse in cold water, and use a kitchen brush to lightly scrub the outside. Then cut about a half-inch from the stem and discard the bottom piece. I also cut about a half-inch from the very top, just to open it up and allow the seasoning to get inside for cooking. *OPTIONAL: Some people like to trim the tops of the leaves to get rid of the thorns, but I find that they become soft during cooking so I don’t bother. Then, carefully cut the artichoke vertically in half. Line a baking dish with parchment paper and place the halves on top. Then lightly coat both pieces with a halved lemon. Take the other half of the lemon and squeeze along the inside of the artichoke, as well as between the leaves. Then sprinkle the sea salt and garlic powder all-over both sides and a bit between the leaves. Next, lightly drizzle your oil all over the artichoke pieces (in between the leaves also). Then place a tbsp. of grass-fed butter in each of the heart pockets. Cover the baking dish with lid, and place in to the oven. Allow to cook until sizzling., usually about 1 hour. (Ovens will vary, so check often after 30-40 minutes of cooking) After cooking, allow to cool, remove the choke with a spoon (the hairy inside part), and then enjoy the meat on petals, and heart/bottom! x. Heather |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"British sportswoman Charlotte Cooper, born in 1870, was famous in which sport?"
] | 1870 - Famous Birthdays - On This Day On This Day Famous People Born in 1870 Full Calendar Jan 3 Henry Eichheim, composer Jan 3 Henry Handel Richardson, Australia, novelist (Richard Mahoney) Jan 4 Percy Pitt, English composer (BBC), born in London (d. 1932) Jan 6 Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1944) Jan 7 Lord Gordon Hewart, British judge (d. 1943) Jan 8 Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja, dictator of Spain (1923-30) Jan 9 Joseph B Strauss, civil engineer/builder (Golden Gate Bridge) Jan 11 Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (d. 1945) Jan 13 Henryk Opienski, Polish composer/conductor (St Moniuszko) Jan 13 Ross Granville Harrison, American biologist (d. 1959) Jan 14 Sir George Pearce, Australian politician (d. 1952) Jan 15 Johan Peter Koch, Danish officer/explorer (Greenland) Jan 15 Pierre S. du Pont, American businessman (d. 1954) Jan 16 Wilhelm Normann, German chemist (hardening of oils) Jan 18 Berend Modderman, printer (Drukkers yearbook) Jan 20 Guillaume Jean Joseph Nicolas Lekeu, composer Jan 22 Charles Arnold Tournemire, composer Feb 3 Ada Negri, Italian poet/author (Il Libro di Mara) Feb 7 Alfred Adler, Austria, psychiatrist (Inferiority Complex) Feb 10 Fritz Klimsch, German sculptor/painter Feb 12 Marie Lloyd, English music-hall performer (d. 1922) Feb 13 Leopold Godowsky, Lithuania, virtuoso pianist/composer Feb 17 Louis de Raet, Belgian economist/founder (Flemish People's Party) Feb 18 William Laurel Harris, American mural painter, writer (d. 1924) Feb 20 Pieter Cornelis Boutens, Holland, mystic poet/scholar (Verzen) Feb 27 Louis Coerne, composer Mar 4 Thomas Sturge Moore, English poet (d. 1944) Mar 5 Frank Norris, journalist and writer (McTeague, Octopus), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1902) Mar 6 Oscar Straus, composer (Ein Walzertraum), born in Vienna, Austria Mar 10 Alfred Kastner, composer Mar 11 Louis Bachelier, French mathematician (d. 1946) Mar 13 Albert Meyer, member of the Swiss Federal Council in the 1930s (d. 1953) Mar 17 Horace Donisthorpe, British entomologist (d. 1951) Mar 20 Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, Prussian general/politician (East Africa) Apr 4 George A Smith, Salt Lake City Utah, 8th President of Mormon church Apr 7 Joseph Ryeland, Belgian composer/Baron Apr 14 Syd Gregory, cricketer (Australian batsman in 58 Tests 1890-1912) Apr 14 Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter (d. 1905) Apr 17 Ray Stannard Baker, US, journalist (Puliter Prize 1940) Apr 20 Simeon Roncal, composer Apr 20 Maulvi Abdul Haq, Father of Urdu, Pakistani scholar (d. 1961) Apr 21 Edwin S. Porter, American film pioneer (d. 1941) Person of Interest Apr 22 Vladimir Lenin [Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov], Marxist Revolutionary and Soviet Leader, born in Simbirsk, Russia (d. 1924) Marxist Revolutionary and Soviet Leader Apr 28 Hermann Suter, composer Apr 30 Franz Lehar, operetta composer (Naughty Marietta) May 3 Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1948) May 4 Alexandre Benois, Russian artist (d. 1960) May 6 Amedos Peter Giannine, founded Bank of America, born in San Jose, California May 6 John McCutcheon, cartoonist (Pulitzer Prize-1931) May 14 Zygmunt Denis Antoni Stojowski, composer May 19 Albert Fish, American serial killer (d. 1936) May 24 Benjamin Cardozo, American jurist (d. 1938) May 24 Jan Christiaan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa and proponent of Commonwealth & League of Nations (d. 1950) May 27 Lionel Palairet, cricketer (elegant England bat in the Golden Age) Jun 13 Jules JBV Bordet, Belgian bacteriologist (syphillis, Nobel 1919) Jun 14 Sophia of Prussia, consort of Constantine I of Greece (d. 1932) Jun 17 George Cormack, cereal inventor (Wheaties) Jun 18 Edouard Le Roy, French philosopher and mathematician Jun 21 Clara Immerwahr, German chemist (d. 1915) Jun 24 Horatio Mbelle, Cape Colony, South African interpreter, community leader and politician Jun 29 Joseph Carl Breil, composer Person of Interest Jul 3 Richard Bedford Bennett , 11th Prime Minister of Canada (C: 1930-35), born in Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick (d. 1947) 11th Prime Minister of Canada Jul 4 Pieter van der Lijn, Dutch geolo |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Nicholas Breakspear, born in the 12th Century, was the first English what?"
] | BBC News - Nicholas Breakspear: The only English Pope Nicholas Breakspear: The only English Pope By Jon Welch BBC News Online Nicholas Breakspear became Pope Adrian IV in 1154 The 'fallible' Pope In the Vatican the preliminaries are over. Group discussions have been concluded, oaths of secrecy have been sworn and mobile phones have been handed in to ensure total secrecy. The 115 scarlet-clad cardinal-electors of the Roman Catholic Church who will choose the next Pope have shut themselves away from the outside world and started their deliberations in earnest. The conclave has begun. It could be several days before white smoke billows from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel, signalling that a new Pontiff has been elected. Although it is far from clear who will be chosen to succeed Pope Benedict XVI, it is a pretty safe bet that he won't be English. We need to look back nearly 850 years to find the last - and only - English Pope, Adrian IV. In theory, any baptised male Catholic can be elected Pope. In practice, the job always goes to a cardinal. Today, just two Britons hold that rank. One is Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, the emeritus Archbishop of Westminster, who has not been identified as a likely contender. At 80, he is no longer eligible to take part in the voting. The other is the disgraced Cardinal Keith O'Brien, who stood down as leader of the Catholic Church in Scotland last month and faces a Vatican inquiry into his sexual conduct. He has stayed away from the conclave. But for four-and-a-half years in the 12th Century, the top job in the Roman Catholic Church was held by a man from humble beginnings in Hertfordshire. 'Rose from nothing' Born Nicholas Breakspear in about 1100 at Abbots Langley, near St Albans, he was the son of an educated but poor man. "He rose from almost nothing to become Pope, and he did it all on his talents," said historian Anne Duggan, co-editor of Adrian IV, The English Pope. "It was an extraordinary achievement for an unknown from England." Breakspear's father, Robert de Camera, was a clerk in lower orders in the service of the abbot of St Albans. He entered the monastery, probably on his wife's death, leaving Nicholas to fend for himself. The successor to Pope Benedict XVI will be elected by cardinals in Rome Nicholas also sought admission to the abbey, but was refused, perhaps because of his lack of education. Undeterred, he went to France, studying at Arles in Provence and then joining the St Ruf monastery where he prospered, becoming abbot. Travelling to Rome on abbey business, he was noticed by the Pope, Eugenius III who kept him there, appointing him Bishop of Albano, in what is now the Province of Rome, in 1150. What are the pressures on a 21st Century Pope? Highly regarded by the Pope, he was given important jobs, including organising the Church in Catalonia after the defeat of the Saracens, and then in Scandinavia as papal legate. "If Breakspear had not become Pope, it is likely that he would still be remembered for his energetic work in Scandinavia in the early 1150s," said Fr Nicholas Schofield, archivist for the Diocese of Westminster. "As legate, he reorganised the Swedish church, sent missionaries into Finland and set up a huge bishopric embracing Norway, Iceland, Greenland, the Faroes, Shetland, the Orkneys and Sudreys (including the Isle of Man). "He is supposed to have written catechisms in Swedish and Norwegian as well as a history of his mission, although none of these have survived. Not a bad achievement." Power struggles When he returned from Scandinavia in 1154, Eugenius had died, and Breakspear became the 170th Pope, remaining in the post until his death in 1159. His reign was short but eventful. There were power struggles in and around Rome and tension between the Church and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I Barbarossa. Pope Adrian made peace with the city of Rome, resisting the emperor's attempts to secure control over the city and the papal territories in what is now central Italy. A plaque marks the site of Breakspear Farm where Nicholas Breakspear is thought |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Haneda Airport is in which Asian country?"
] | Tokyo International Airport- Haneda Airport - YouTube Tokyo International Airport- Haneda Airport Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Feb 26, 2015 Equipment I use for making the content: Hub for Japan Airlines All Nippon Airways Skymark Airlines Air Do Skynet Asia Airways Elevation AMSL 21 ft / 6 m Coordinates 35°33′12″N 139°46′52″ECoordinates: 35°33′12″N 139°46′52″E Website www.tokyo-airport-bldg.co.jp HND is located in Japan HND 16R/34L 3,000 9,843 Asphalt concrete 16L/34R 3,360 11,024 Asphalt concrete 04/22 2,500 8,202 Asphalt concrete 05/23 2,500 8,202 Asphalt concrete Statistics (2014) Sources: Japanese AIP at AIS Japan Statistics from ACI This article contains Japanese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of kanji and kana. Haneda Airfield in 1937 Tokyo International Airport (東京国際空港 Tōkyō Kokusai Kūkō?), commonly known as Haneda Airport (羽田空港 Haneda Kūkō?) or Tokyo Haneda Airport (IATA: HND, ICAO: RJTT), is one of the two primary airports that serve the Greater Tokyo Area, and is the primary base of Japan's two major domestic airlines, Japan Airlines (Terminal 1) and All Nippon Airways (Terminal 2), as well as low-cost carriers Air Do, Skymark Airlines, Solaseed Air, and StarFlyer. It is located in Ōta, Tokyo, 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) south of Tokyo Station. Haneda was the primary international airport serving Tokyo until 1978; from 1978 to 2010, Haneda handled almost all domestic flights to and from Tokyo as well as "scheduled charter" flights to a small number of major cities in East Asia, while Narita International Airport handled the vast majority of international flights. In 2010, a dedicated international terminal was opened at Haneda in conjunction with the completion of a fourth runway, allowing long-haul flights during nighttime hours.Haneda opened up to long-haul service during the daytime in March 2014, with carriers offering nonstop service to 25 cities in 17 countries.The Japanese government is currently encouraging the use of Haneda for premium business routes and the use of Narita for leisure routes and by low-cost carriers. Haneda handled 68,906,636 passengers in 2013; by passenger throughput, it was the second busiest airport in Asia and the fourth busiest in the world, after Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Beijing Capital Airport (Asia's busiest) and London Heathrow Airport. It is able to handle 90 million passengers per year following its expansion in 2010. With Haneda and Narita combined Tokyo has the third busiest city airport system in the world, after London and New York City. In December 2009, ForbesTraveller.com recognized Haneda Airport as the most punctual airport in the world for two years in a row, with 94.3% of its flights departing on time and 88.6% arriving on time. Category |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Bob Pettit is associated with which sport?"
] | Legends profile: Bob Pettit | NBA.com One of the best forwards in NBA history, Bob Pettit was an 11-time All-Star and a two-time MVP. NBA Photos/NBAE via Getty Images Legends profile: Bob Pettit Posted Mar 3 2013 8:07PM When Bob Pettit came out of college in 1954, no one thought he was talented enough to make it as a professional basketball player. Although he had been a prolific scorer at Louisiana State University, the tall, thin forward was deemed too slight at 200 pounds to survive the pounding of an NBA season. However, the scouts failed to factor in Pettit's willingness to work harder than anyone else on the court in order to succeed. And succeed he did. After 11 years with the Milwaukee and St. Louis Hawks, he retired having become the first player in the league to top 20,000 points. The greatest forward of his era, Pettit was an All-Star in each of his 11 seasons, an All-NBA First Team selection 10 times, and an All-NBA Second Team pick once. He never finished below seventh in the NBA scoring race, and he left the sport with two Most Valuable Player Awards and an NBA championship ring. BOB PETTIT Drafted by: Milwaukee Hawks, 1954 (first round); franchise moved to St. Louis for 1955-56 season (1948) Height: 6-9 Weight: 215 lbs. Honors: Elected to Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (1970); NBA champion (1958); NBA MVP (1956, '59); 10-time All-NBA First Team (1955-64); All-NBA second team (1965); Rookie of the Year (1955); One of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History (1996). After Pettit's playing days had ended, rival Bill Russell offered this tribute: "Bob made 'second effort' a part of the sport's vocabulary. He kept coming at you more than any man in the game. He was always battling for position, fighting you off the boards." Born in 1932, Robert E. Lee Pettit Jr. learned about second effort long before he reached the professional ranks. His basketball career had gotten off to a discouraging start after he was cut from the Baton Rouge (Louisiana) High School team, first as a freshman and then as a sophomore. But with encouragement from his father, a county sheriff, the younger Pettit worked endlessly to improve his game, firing countless shots at the basket set up in his backyard. When he tried out for the high school team as a junior, Pettit was already 6-foot-4, and he finally made the squad. One year later, in 1950, he led Baton Rouge High School to its first state championship in more than two decades. He later said that the state title game was one of two contests that he could really remember clearly. The other was Game 6 of the 1958 NBA Finals against the Boston Celtics, a game in which he poured in 50 points. "You can't really compare the games," Pettit told the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. "But at the time, winning the state title meant so much." <p>Your browser does not support iframes.</p> After Pettit's outstanding high school performance, he was rewarded with a scholarship to Louisiana State University. His willingness to work hard to score points and collect rebounds earned him All-America honors twice, and he averaged 27.4 points during his college career. By the time he reached his senior year at LSU, he had added five inches to his height. Pettit was selected in the first round of the 1954 NBA Draft by the Milwaukee Hawks. He had more than his share of doubters, who wondered if the slender 6-9 youngster had the strength and endurance that was required for survival in the NBA. Although he seemed thin at 200 pounds, Pettit was by no means frail. Being in superb physical condition, he was more than a match for the rigors of the NBA, and he proved it in his first season by winning the league's Rookie of the Year Award by averaging 20.4 ppg and 13.8 rpg. He also played in his first All-Star Game that season and earned the first of 10 consecutive selections to the All-NBA First Team. Despite Pettit's Rookie of the Year performance, Milwaukee finished in last place in the Western Division with a 26-46 record. During the offseason owner Ben Kerner moved the team to St. Louis. The Hawks showed some i |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Who plays Susan Delfino in the US tv series Desperate Housewives?"
] | Desperate Housewives - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com EDIT One day, in the loveliest of suburbs, housewife and mother Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong) decided to take her own life. Now, from her elevated state of point of view, Mary Alice introduces us to the lives of her friends, neighbors andfamily members living in the idyllic Wisteria Lane, a street where the lawns are green, the houses are pretty, the people are nice... and the secrets are deadly. Her circle of girlfriends on Wisteria Lane includes: Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), an accident-prone hopeless romantic, always on the search of her happy ending; Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), a harried mother who gave up on her successful career to become the full-time carer for her vast offspring; Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), coined "Martha Stewart-on-steroids", a perfectionist home fairy who strives to uphold an immaculate appearance; and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria), a former top model turned trophy wife, who must adjust to a slightly more low-key life in the suburbs. From her unique vantage point, Mary Alice sees more now than she ever did alive, and she's planning to share all the delicious secrets that hide behind every neighbor's closed door in this seemingly perfect American suburb. Desperate Housewives stars Brenda Strong as Mary Alice Young, Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer, Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo, Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp, Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis, Ricardo Antonio Chavira as Carlos Solis, James Denton as Mike Delfino, Doug Savant as Tom Scavo, Nicollette Sheridan as Edie Britt (seasons 1-5), Andrea Bowen as Julie Mayer, Kyle MacLachlan as Orson Hodge (seasons 3-6), Kathryn Joosten as Karen McCluskey, Shawn Pyfrom as Andrew Van de Kamp, Madison De La Garza as Juanita Solis (seasons 5-8), Mark Moses as Paul Young (seasons 1-2; 7), Dana Delany as Katherine Mayfair (seasons 4-6), Kevin Rahm as Lee McDermott (seasons 4-8), Tuc Watkins as Bob Hunter (seasons 4-8), and Vanessa Williams as Renee Perry (seasons 7-8). Marc Cherry (" The Golden Girls ") was executive producer and creator. Desperate Housewives was produced by Touchstone Television and was the winner of both the 2005 and 2006 Golden Globe Award for "Best Television Series - Musical or Comedy". moreless |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was the name of the boat in which English car and speedboat racer Donald Campbell was killed in 1967?"
] | Bluebird reborn: Legendary speedboat that killed tragic Donald Campbell is rebuilt from wreckage | Daily Mail Online Bluebird reborn: Legendary speedboat that killed tragic Donald Campbell is rebuilt from wreckage comments The legendary record breaking Bluebird superboat in which speed-king Donald Campbell died after crashing at 328mph is to live again - 45 years after the tragic accident that sealed both their fates. The wreck of the jet-powered Bluebird K7, which sank to the bottom of Lake Coniston in January 1967 before being found and raised by divers in 2001, is now being re-assembled piece by piece. The aim is to put the phoenix-like reconstructed craft back on the water in a year's time - and run it at speeds of up to 100mph. State-of-the-art: The Bluebird K7 is reconstructed by a team of experts. This still image is taken from a sequence using 3-D graphics to recreate Donald Campbell's tragic final journey Grainy black and white film footage of the crash involving one of the UK's most famous speed-record champions has become an iconic image of a bygone age of British derring do and pluck, tinged with tragedy. Now the remarkable story of the Bluebird's phoenix-like rebirth is chronicled in a new television documentary called 'Bluebird: The Spirit Reborn' to be broadcast on Christmas Eve (Friday 24th December at 19.30 on Sky News and Sky News HD). A team from Sky News has not only followed the Bluebird project for an exclusive behind the scenes look at the re-build, it has also used hi-tech 3-D computer graphics to recreate second-by-second the crash and help pinpoint exactly what went wrong in the fatal record attempt run. Iconic: This image of Donald Campbell's Bluebird hydroplane was taken on Coniston Water, Cumbria, on the day it flipped over and crashed as he tried to break his own world water speed record Backed by the pilot's daughter, Gina Campbell, a small team of diving enthusiasts and volunteer engineers based in a workshop in North Shields on Tyneside is putting the original Bluebird back together using 90 per cent of the original parts and fabric - even removing and then replacing thousands of individual rivets. The team also have a pilot to take the finished boat back onto the water at Coniston for its 100mph run. Campbell smashed the world water speed record seven times in Bluebird K7 which was built in 1954. But in his final attempt when he pushed the by now ageing craft - designed to do no more than 250mph - beyond its endurance to 328mph. It lifted out of the water like an aeroplane, flipped over, and smashed into the water at 183mph, throwing 50 tons of spray into the air before it sank 40 metres underwater to remain there for 34 years. The Sky News documentary notes of the reconstructed graphic of the accident: 'For the first time we can see what happened to Donald Campbell and his boat. 'On that morning in January 1967, Donald Campbell set out to make the two runs necessary to establish a new water speed record. 'According to new analysis of this footage of the first run, alarm bells should have been ringing at this point. The film clearly shows Bluebird’s front end lifting briefly out of the water after he’d hit 310 miles an hour. Minutes later, Campbell would ask even more of her but his luck was about to run out.' Crash: This graphic shows the moment Bluebird flipped as Donald Campbell reached speeds of over 300mph Shattered: Bluebird disintegrated into hundreds of pieces as it crashed into the water It adds: 'Campbell broke with protocol now and began his second run without getting the all clear from his course marshal. The ageing Bluebird had been originally designed for no more than 250 miles an hour, Campbell would push her to a destabilising 328mph on water still choppy from his first run. 'Exactly ten seconds before the final impact, she began a series of increasingly violent bounces. Campbell was in real trouble. On the third bounce the jet engine cut out, without its thrust it was impossible to keep Bluebird’s nose down. We now know that the boat came down on he |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What type of foodstuff is a cascabel?"
] | Cascabel Chili Peppers - Chili Pepper Madness Cascabel Chili Peppers Be the first to comment! 1,000-3,000 Scovilles. Capsicum Annuum. The Cascabel Chile is grown in several areas of Mexico. It is small and round, 2-3 cm in diameter, and matures to a deep red. It is also called Chile Bola, meaning ball chile in Spanish. When dried, it turns to a dark brownish red, and the seeds become loose and rattle inside the chile. This is the reason for the name Cascabel, which means "little bell" or "sleigh bell" in Spanish. With a mild to moderate heat level, the Cascabel is perfect for adding a touch of heat to soups, salsas, stews and sauces. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The Winter War from 1939 – 1940 was a military conflict between Russia (Soviet Union) and which other country?"
] | 1/4: Fire and Ice: The Winter War of Finland and Russia - YouTube 1/4: Fire and Ice: The Winter War of Finland and Russia Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on May 25, 2012 The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet offensive on 30 November 1939 and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace Treaty. This was Finland's first war during WW2, followed by: The Continuation War (against the USSR, 25 June 1941 -- 19 September 1944) and The Lapland War (against Nazi Germany, from September 1944 to April 1945). Category |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"A curassow is what type of creature?"
] | The University of Maine - Hudson Museum - Birds & Bats Previous Next Previous Next Several types of birds can be identified in Panamanian polychrome designs. On category depicts various cracids, most notably the great curassow. The great curasow is a large-bodied, turkey-like bird with a curly headcrest, both arboreal and terrestrial in its habits and a slow and awkward flyer. Females are distinguished by distinctive bars or bands on the underside of the tail. Curassows also have a particular habit of turning the head back over the shoulder and wings in a kind of false preening gesture. Curassows can be identified in Panamanian ceramic design by depiction of the barred tail, and a prominent, sometimes curly headcrest. Sometimes the body of the curassow contains boa kmmings, and sometimes the headcrest and/or the tail o the curassow are depicted in the curious form of a severed human limb. In Tropical American lore severed limbs may be associated with themes of banding, curlin and coiling, including hurricanes, whirlwinds, and waterspouts that “walk” across the landscape, as well as with the form of the serpent and the crest of the curassow. The curassow and severed human legs are directly associated in myth from Amazonia in which children, wishing to cross a river decide to transform themselves into birds and fly across. The last child changes into a slow-flying curassow and falls into the river, where a caiman bites off both its legs. Other birds found in Panamanian ceramic designs include the tinamou or a ty of heron typically shown laying an egg, the quetzal recognizable in part by its extremely long tail, parrots or macaws identifiable by their short, curved beaks, and heavy-billed toucans. The tinamou and its eggs, which are beautifully colored are accorded symbolic significance by a number of Tropical American groups. The Talamancan lore, parrots or macaws nested, like other birds, hi the branches of the immense primordial Tree of Life that connected the earth with the sky before it wa – felled and released the waters of the sea, at which time the nests of parrots and macaws became turtles. Toucans may have been of interest to ancient Panamanians in cosmological terms because of their multicolored beaks. Another bird-like creature found in Panamanian art, the bat, is widely found in Tropical American lore in association with creation times. In Talamancan belief th, bat is one of the most primordial creatures and served an essential creative function. At the beginning of the World, when the earth was only hard rock, the creato found a bat hanging from the rock. From the droppings of the bat came the fertile soil that covered the base rock and allowed plants to root and, thus, people to live. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which of Henry Vlll’s wives was known as the Flanders Mare?"
] | So THIS is why Henry VIII called wife No.4 the Flanders Mare! Anne of Cleves is an upside down image of the king in portraits | Daily Mail Online So THIS is why Henry VIII called wife No.4 the Flanders Mare! Anne of Cleves is an upside down image of the king in portraits From the look on his face, Henry VIII is certainly upset about something. Turn the portrait upside down and you will see what’s on his mind. Hidden in the king’s features is none other than Anne of Cleves – the bride he considered so ugly that he never consummated their marriage. Upside down: Henry in the inverted picture and Whistler's Anne of Cleves portrait The double portrait from the 1940s is the work of artist Rex Whistler and is to be revealed on tomorrow’s episode of Antiques Roadshow. Show expert Rupert Maas said: ‘It’s just great fun. Anne wasn’t a very attractive woman according to popular history – although I’m not sure she was quite as hideous as this.’ Anne was the fourth of Henry’s six wives, sent over from Germany after he saw a flattering portrait by Holbein. On arrival, he called her the ‘Flanders Mare’. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share They divorced six months after marrying in 1540. He married twice more while she remained in England and was given a generous settlement. Henry and Anne are one of many double-acts Whistler made into reversible portraits. Mr Maas said: ‘Whistler preferred the old masters to modernism, which is why he drew and painted in an old-fashioned style.’ A bit more flattering: The Hans Holbein portraits of the couple from 1539 The artist, who died in 1944, gave the portrait to the current owner when she was seven after she sat for him. The Roadshow programme from Enniskillen, Northern Ireland will be shown on BBC1 tomorrow at 8pm. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What colour are the stars on the national flag of China?"
] | China This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website China image by Zachary Harden, 29 September 2009 Formal Name (English): People's Republic of China ISO Code: CN CHN 156 FIPS 10-4 Code: CH Flag Related Stamps issued by the Peoples Republic of China According to Carol P. Shaw in the book Flags (Running Press), the red of the flag is the traditional color of revolution; the large gold star represents "the Common Program of the Communist Party"; and the smaller gold stars represent the four classes united by the common program: the workers, the peasants, the petty bourgeois, and capitalists sympathetic to the Party (or "patriotic capitalists"). Bruce Tindall, 03 April 1996 Very early versions of the flag has been in use since the early 1920s by the Communist Party, but was modified to become the present national flag in 1949. Xuess Wee York Ting , 25 September 1996 When I lived in PRC from 1987-88, I asked about the symbolism of the flag. I was told by several university professors and students on several different occasions that the large star represents the guiding light of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the four small stars represent the four other political parties allowed in the PRC. These parties accept the legitimacy of the CCP to run the government and that they will not advocate for any change in government. These other parties, whose names I never could ascertain, are basically toothless and lend legitimacy to the PRC's claim to be a multiparty system. Steven Chapman, 16 August 1999 Whatever the present 'meaning' of the stars on the Chinese communist flag, I believe the original symbolism was the same as the original Republic flag - the Han people of China and the 4 other races (Manchurian, Mongolian, Tibetan, and Muslims). The first republican flag was 5 horizontal stripes red yellow blue white black, which IMO was a very handsome flag. Andrew Yong, 16 August 1999 All books which mention the symbolism of the starlets on the PRC flag have the same explanation. There are at present 8 small parties besides the Communist Party: Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang, Democratic League, Democratic Society for National Construction, Society for Furthering Democracy, Democratic Laborers and Peasant Party, Zhi Gong Dang (Party of Common Interests), Jiusan (=3 September) Society, Democratic Self Determination League of Taiwan, All-Chinese Union of Industrials and Merchants, (that makes 9; one of them might be the coordinating committee - I translated this from the Fischer Weltalmanach 1988) The Statesman's Yearbook 1993-94 and the CIA's World Fact Book 1996-97 confirm the existence of 8 parties besides the CP, which are controlled by the CP. Jarig Bakker, 16 August 1999 This is a quote from the New York Consulate of the PR of China and other 'official' websites. "The national flag of the People's Republic of China is red in colour, rectangular in shape, with five stars. The proportion between the length and height of the flag is three to two. The five five-pointed yellow stars are located in the upper left corner. One of them, which is bigger, appears on the left, while the other four hem it in on the right. The red colour of the flag symbolizes revolution; the stars take on the yellow colour in order to bring out their brightness on the red ground. The larger star represents the CPC, while the four smaller ones, the Chinese people. The relationship between the stars means the great unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the CPC. The national emblem of the People's Republic of China is Tiananmen in the centre illuminated by five stars and encircled by ears of grain and a cogwheel. The ears of grain, stars, Tiananmen and cogwheel are painted golden, and the inner part of the circle and hanging ribbons are painted red because these two colours are traditional Chinese colours representing auspiciousness and happiness. Tiananmen symbolizes the unyielding national spirit of the Chinese people in their f |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was the name of the camp which was set up in Chile when 30 miners where trapped underground?"
] | The untold story of how the buried Chilean miners survived | New York Post The untold story of how the buried Chilean miners survived Modal Trigger After 17 days, a small hole finally reached the miners, who gave the thumbs up to the rescuers above. AP Jorge Galleguillos, a veteran miner at the San José Mine in Chile’s Atacama Desert, was working 2,000 feet below the Earth’s surface when he saw what he thought was a butterfly. His co-worker, Franklin Lobos, disagreed. “It was white rock,” he said, referring to the “translucent, milky quartz that glimmers when it catches the light.” It was also a harbinger. “Deep Down Dark: The Untold Stories of 33 Men Buried in a Chilean Mine, and the Miracle That Set Them Free” by Héctor Tobar (Farrar, Straus and Giroux) Because as they drove not 65 feet (20 meters) past that spot, that one falling rock became “a massive explosion,” and the area around them “filled with dust.” Unknown to them, this was but one part of an incredible collapse occurring throughout the mine. The men, along with 31 others, were about to undergo an ordeal the likes of which few suffer, and fewer survive. The next time they saw daylight, they would be global heroes, and their lives would never be same. The collapse of the San José Mine on Aug. 5, 2010, became international news, as 33 men were trapped underground for 69 days, battling starvation and hopelessness as the world waited anxiously for news of their rescue. Héctor Tobar, author of the new book “Deep Down Dark: The Untold Stories of 33 Men Buried in a Chilean Mine, and the Miracle That Set Them Free” (Farrar, Straus and Giroux), was the only journalist given access to the men and their families, and returns with a riveting account of a remarkable disaster. Translation: ‘We’re f—ed’ The 33 men were trapped 2,000 feet beneath the Earth’s surface for 69 days.EPA The San José Mine was more than 100 years old, and a century of “digging and blasting” had all but worn away its internal structure. The mine was known for “primitive working conditions and perfunctory safety practices,” including escape tunnels that were “useless in an emergency because they lack the ladders necessary for the miners to use them.” On the afternoon of the 5th, the miners heard the explosion, and were enveloped in dust, as the ramps leading to the surface collapsed. It sounded like “a massive skyscraper was crashing down behind them.” The names of the 33 miners were painted on a rock at the camp where relatives waited for news of the rescue effort.AP “A single block of diorite, as tall as a 45-story building, has broken off from the rest of the mountain and is falling through the layers of the mine … causing a chain reaction as the mountain above it collapses, too.” This piece, the men would later learn, was about 550 feet tall and weighed 770,000 tons — “twice the weight of the Empire State Building.” In the ensuing quake, several men were “knocked off their feet by a blast wave” as “the walls began to shake and stones the size of oranges [began] falling around them.” When the quaking was done, the men found themselves trapped and one miner uttered, “Estamos cagados.” “Loose translation,” writes Tobar, “We’re f—ed.” A quick inspection showed that “all the connections to the surface have been cut: the electricity, the intercom system, the flow of water and compressed air.” The men, not yet knowing the extent or cause of the devastation and believing they’d be rescued in a few hours or days at most, retreated to the Refuge, a classroom-size, steel-reinforced safe room that holds provisions meant to feed 25 men for two days. The inventory of the food included “1 can of salmon, 1 can of peaches, 1 can of peas, 18 cans of tuna, 24 liters of condensed milk (8 of which are spoiled), 93 packages of cookies,” not counting a few that some of the men ate on the sly, “and some expired medicines.” There were also “a mere 10 bottles of water,” although there were thousands of liters keeping the engines of their machinery cool. While dirty, oily and occasionally used for bathing, it was drinkabl |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The litas is the basic monetary unit of which country?"
] | Bank of Lithuania : Monument made of coins in central Vilnius to memorialise the litas and pay tribute to first Governor of Bank of Lithuania Monument made of coins in central Vilnius to memorialise the litas and pay tribute to first Governor of Bank of Lithuania December 18, 2015 Today, an unveiling ceremony of a monument dedicated to Vladas Jurgutis, the first Governor of the Bank of Lithuania, was held in central Vilnius, near the building of the Bank of Lithuania. The monument was cast from copper/zinc/nickel alloy of molten 50 litas cent coins; approximately 75 thousand coins were used to create it. This is the first and only bust in Lithuania that is cast from molten coins. ‘This monument will remind us of the litas, the monetary unit that faithfully served our country, and will express our respect to professor Vladas Jurgutis, the first governor of the Bank of Lithuania, who greatly contributed to interwar Lithuania’s monetary stability and consolidation of the litas in the national economy; thanks to him, the litas became one of the strongest currencies at that time. V. Jurgutis strengthened the Bank of Lithuania as a state institution, whose traditions we are continuing even now. The monument cast from litas coins is a symbolic way of expressing gratitude to the pioneers of Lithuania’s monetary system,’ said Vitas Vasiliauskas, Chairman of the Board of the Bank of Lithuania. He thanked Gediminas Piekuras, the sculptor who created the monument for Vladas Jurgutis as well as a number of other sculptures located in various public areas in Vilnius. Sculptor Gediminas Piekuras. Photo by Tomas Lukšys (BFL). The newest architectural accent in the capital was also welcomed by Remigijus Šimašius,Mayor of Vilnius, who also attended the unveiling ceremony of the monument. Vitas Vasiliauskas, Chairman of the Board of the Bank of Lithuania, and Remigijus Šimašius, Mayor of Vilnius. Photo by Tomas Lukšys (BFL). The bust of Vladas Jurgutis stands on a pedestal featuring images of litas coins from interwar and present-time Lithuania. Hence the pedestal symbolically links the monetary history of the first Republic of Lithuania and that of present Lithuania — it is the history in which the name of Vladas Jurgutis is written. 450 kg of 50 litas cent coins produced from copper/zinc/nickel alloy were used to cast the monument. A decision was made to make the bust from higher denomination coins — 50 litas cent: it was easier to cast the bust and the pedestal using a smaller amount of coins. Vitas Vasiliauskas is handing in a small copy of the sculpture of Vladas Jurgutis to Loreta Stonienė, teacher of Vladas Jurgutis Basic School and Head of Museum in Palanga. Photo by Tomas Lukšys (BFL). Vladas Jurgutis is one of the most eminent figures of interwar Lithuania: a politician, scientist, pedagogue and talented financier; from the inception of the Bank of Lithuania and the issue of the national currency, the litas, into circulation, he had led our country’s central bank — the Bank of Lithuania — and the country’s entire monetary policy for seven years (1922–1929). At the time, he had laid a solid foundation for Lithuania’s monetary system. To emphasise Vladas Jurgutis’ merits in banking in Lithuania, the Bank of Lithuania has established the Vladas Jurgutis Award. This year it is awarded for the seventh time. The Bank of Lithuania has also established the Vladas Jurgutis Scholarship. It is awarded every year to two best-performing full-time students majoring in banking and finance at Lithuanian universities. Share: |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Jah, Afrocentrism, Ital, Zion and Cannabis use are the main doctrines of which religious movement?"
] | Rastafari movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rastafari movement This box: view • talk • edit The Rastafari movement (also known as Rastafarianism or simply Rasta) is a monotheistic , Abrahamic , new religious movement [1] that accepts Haile Selassie I , the former Emperor of Ethiopia , as the incarnation of God, called Jah [2] or Jah Rastafari. Haile Selassie is also seen as part of the Holy Trinity and as the returned messiah promised in the Bible. Other characteristics of Rastafari include the spiritual use of cannabis , [3] [4] rejection of western society (called " Babylon "), and various Afrocentric social and political aspirations, [3] [5] such as the teachings of Jamaican publicist, organizer, and black separatist Marcus Garvey (also often regarded as a prophet), whose political and cultural vision helped inspire Leonard Howell to develop the foundations of this new world view. The Rastafari movement predominantly emerged in Jamaica in the 20th century, and it proclaims Africa (also " Zion ") as the original place where the body of the first man was found, which established independency among blacks. The name Rastafari comes from Ras (literally "Head," an Ethiopian title equivalent to Duke ), and Tafari Makonnen, the pre-coronation name of Haile Selassie I. Rastafari is commonly called "Rastafarianism", but this term is considered derogatory and offensive by Rastas themselves. [6] Contents Rastafari are monotheists , worshiping one, singular, God whom they call Jah . Rastas see Jah as being in the form of the Holy Trinity , that is, God being the God the Father , God the Son and God the Holy Spirit . Rastas say that Jah, in the form of the Holy Spirit, lives within the human, and for this reason they often refer to themselves as "I and I". Rastas usually accept the Christian doctrine that God incarnated onto the Earth in the form of Jesus Christ , to give his teachings to humanity. However, they often feel his teachings were corrupted by Babylon . Many Rastas, in accordance with their assertion that "word, sound is power", also object specifically to the English pronunciation of his name (/dʒi:zəs/) as impure, preferring instead to use the forms in Hebrew (Yehoshuah) or Amharic ('Iyesus). Integral to the basic Rastafari world-view is that Jah, as the Messiah or Christ, was incarnated again, this time as the Ethiopian Emperor, Haile Selassie (Ras Tafari). A few Rastas also claim that Melchizedek , an Old Testament figure, was a previous incarnation of Jah.[ citation needed ] [ edit ] The Holy Trinity Rasta doctrines concerning the Holy Trinity are mostly related to the name Haile Selassie meaning Power of the Trinity in Ge'ez , but the exact significance of this tends to vary. Many Rastas claim that Haile Selassie I represents God the Father and God the Son/Yahoshua/Jesus and the Holy Trinity, while all human beings potentially embody the Holy Spirit . An 18th century Ethiopian image of Jesus [ edit ] Jesus Christ Most Rastas agree, as do the majority of Christians, that Jesus Christ is an incarnation of God on Earth. They consider that Jesus gave Jah's teachings to humanity, but they were distorted by Babylon . For this reason, it was prophesied in the Book of Revelation that Jesus would return. Rastas hold that this was fulfilled when Haile Selassie was born, whom they see as a reincarnation of Jesus, and therefore Jah, onto the Earth . Rastas say that Jesus was black , and that white society (or Babylon) has commonly depicted him as white for centuries in order to suppress the truth and gain dominion over all peoples. Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia , considered by Rastas to be the incarnation of Jesus Christ . Haile Selassie (1892-1975) was the emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. Rastas claim that he was the reincarnation of Jesus Christ and therefore an incarnation of Jah onto the Earth. They also claim that he will lead the righteous into creating a perfect world, called " Zion ". Zion would be the ultimate paradise for Rastafarians. Rastas say that Selassie's coming was prophesied in the |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"During World War 2, what did the Local Defence Volunteers later became known as?"
] | Home Guard - History Learning Site Home Guard Citation: C N Trueman "Home Guard" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 20 Apr 2015. 16 Aug 2016. The Home Guard was originally known as the Local Defence Volunteers (LDV). This was considered too much of a title and it became the Home Guard, though the nickname ‘Look, Duck and Vanish’ did stick – rather unfairly as the work done by the HOme Guard was very important. The Home Guard had a number of purposes. They made those in it feel as if they were doing something constructive in the war effort. The Home Guard was not simply for older men past conscription age. Those young enough to be conscripted but who did not pass the military’s medicals could join the Home Guard. Men between 17 and 65 years could join it. The government had expected 150,000 volunteers in total but within 24 hours of Anthony Eden’s radio broadcast, 250,000 had joined. By August 1940, over 1.5 million men had volunteered. On May 14th, the Minister of War, Anthony Eden, made the following national announcement: “We want large numbers of men in Great Britain who are British subjects between the ages of 17 and 65 to come forward now and offer their service in order to make assurance doubly sure. The name of the new force which is now to be raised will be the Local Defence Volunteers.” The authorities were completely unprepared for the number that did respond. Within 6 weeks of the announcement by Eden, ten times more men had volunteered than the War Office had expected in total. To begin there were simply not enough official forms for men to apply – local police simply resorted to making a list of names. With such a response, the War Office was faced with a number of problems. The primary ones were supplying sufficient uniforms for so many volunteers and the necessary weapons if Britain was to be properly defended. All available weaponry had, understandably, been handed to the regular military and a vast amount was to be lost by the BEF at Dunkirk. The Home Guard was ordered to find whatever it could to defend itself and occasionally men in the Home Guard were referred to as the ‘Broomstick Army’, the result of being seen drilling with broomsticks. Even six weeks after Eden’s broadcast, there was only one rifle to every six men in the Home Guard. When rifles did arrive, they were American P17’s and P14’s from World War One. They trained in the evening in such things as weapons handling, unarmed combat and basic sabotage. However, complaints were made that too much time was spent on drill as opposed to learning about proper soldiering. Despite Churchill’s demand that the Home Guard be issued with proper weapons, the War Office issued 250,000 pikes – bayonets welded onto metal poles. Local Home Guard commanders initially received little guidance from the War Office as to training and it was left to them to develop their own tactics that were relevant to their own locality. However, with little professional support, a man in the Home Guard was four times as likely to die in an accident during training than a regular soldier. However, training in the Home Guard was transformed in July 1940 by a veteran of World War One and the Spanish Civil War, Tom Wintringham. During the Spanish Civil War, Wintringham had developed an expertise in guerilla fighting. Using various contacts, Wintringham set up the first guerilla warfare school at Osterley Park to the west of London. Hundreds of Home Guard volunteers turned up. At Osterley Park, these volunteers were taught how to fight an enemy. Most of Wintringham’s teachers were veterans of the Spanish Civil War including Basques who specialised in explosives. Training in guerilla warfare for the Home Guard volunteers started within 20 minutes of arrival and in the first three months Wintringham and his men had trained 5,000 volunteers. They were simply taught what they needed to know. The fame of Osterley Park was such that journalists from America did reports on it. However, Wintringham never received the full support of the government as he had fought for |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In 1991, a spoof Nobel Prize, called The Ig Nobel Prize, for achievements that cannot or should not be repeated was instigated by which US university?"
] | (Letter from skylight, Opposing Viewpoint) Does Hu Jia deserve the Nobel Peace Prize? | Hidden Harmonies China Blog Hidden Harmonies China Blog Uncategorized Nobel peace prize Hu Jia Guest Six chinese has recieved the Nobel Prize (seven if you include Dalai Lama). This year there is some speculation that the Nobel Peace Prize may be awarded to a Russian or a Chinese. According to the director of a Norwegian peace institute, Stein Tonneson, the chinese environmental activist Hu Jia is a top Chinese contender. The Nobel peace prize committee is made up of former Norwegian parliamentarians and is supposed to be independent of the government or party politics. Although it has managed its impartiality sucessfully, it has at times, been influenced by politics or pressure from powerful nations. For instance, Gandhi, the non-violent Indian independence fighter was strangely never awarded the peace prize, apparently due to fear of British displeasure at the time. Chinese winners of the Nobel prize: * Tsung-Dao Lee, Physics, 1957 – Chinese American * Edmond H. Fischer, Physiology or Medicine, 1992 -Swiss-American(born in China) * Daniel C. Tsui*, Physics, 1998 – Chinese American * Gao Xingjian, Literature, 2000 – French Emigre * Chen Ning Yang, Physics, 1957 – Chinese American – See Photo Above * Samuel C.C. Ting, Physics, 1976 – Michigan-born Chinese American (* Dalai Lama, Peace, 1989 – Tibetan-born residing in India) Asians winners of the Nobel Peace Prize: * Sato, Eisaku – 1974 – former Prime Minister of Japan * Mother Teresa – 1979 – Indian citizen * Aung San Suu Kyi – 1991 – Burmese opposition leader * Belo, Carlos Filipe Ximenes, Ramos-Horta, José – 1996 – East Timor * Kim Dae Jung – 2000 – Republic of Korea * Muhammad Yunus – 2006 – Bangladesh Hu Jia is a 35 year old Beijinger who has worked for humanitarian, environmental and Hiv/AIDS issues since the early 1990’s. He addressed the European Parliament on November 26th, 2007 using his web-camera while under house arrest since spring 2006. In his testimony to the European parliament he said: “It is ironic that one of the people in charge of organizing the Olympic Games is the head of the Bureau of Public Security, which is responsible for so many human rights violations. It is very serious that the official promises are not being kept before the games.” Only one month later, on December 27th he was arrested at his home accused of “subverting state authority”. On April 4th, 2008, he was sentenced to three and a half years in prison on a charge of “inciting subversion of state authority” for posting articles about the human rights situation in the run-up to the Olympic Games on overseas Chinese websites. Post navigation September 28, 2008 at 3:51 pm I do not know who the other contenders are, and I think that many of the Nobel prizes have become a somewhat debased coinage, but if the question is “should we approve of Hu Jia’s actions?” My answer is a whole-hearted “YES”. wukong says: September 28, 2008 at 4:11 pm It would be laughable to say Hu Jia has contributed much or any to world peace. But Nobel Peace Prize isn’t about world peace, it’s very much a political award. So if those former Norwegian parliamentarians (and western politicians in large) feel a particular need this year to sick it to the China “regime”, Hu Jia will fit the bill nicely. No, the Nobel Peace Prize should be given to the CCP, for overcoming incredible near-insurmountable odds to maintain a harmonious society in the face of domestic and foreign opposition and sabotage. You think I’m joking? S.K. Cheung says: September 28, 2008 at 4:50 pm I am not familiar with Hu’s exploits, and have no idea if he’s deserving. But if he wins, would he be the first to receive the award while incarcerated? That would represent a historic “first”…the CCP should be able to get some PR mileage out of that one. S.K. Cheung says: that’s a good one. sophie says: http://www.anti-cnn.com/forum/cn/thread-39512-1-4.html 1. a letter that Hu Jia wrote to the German Chancellor Merkel. In the letter he seems representing ‘hundreds |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which US state is known as the ‘Beef State’?"
] | Alabama Meatloaf Yes, Alabama, I know you have barbecue. And your Gulf Coast seafood is absolutely divine. But the meat dish that best embodies the Yellowhammer State is meatloaf. There are two reasons for this. One: Alabama meatloaf is practically the meatiest meat dish ever, containing ground beef, ground pork, smoked ham, and bacon. (I salute your commitment to the American way, Alabama!) Two: Meatloaf is the best thing to get at a meat-and-three restaurant—one of those places that serves you a meat dish accompanied by three sides of your choice—for a classic Southern stick-to-your ribs dinner. Alaska Caribou I understand that many Alaskans would like to forget about the existence of Sarah Palin. But I cannot forget the scene in Sarah Palin’s Alaska in which the former vice presidential candidate shot and skinned a caribou for its meat . The northernmost state is home to about 750,000 wild caribou , and about 22,000 are killed each year . “Caribou is known for being lean and healthy, and above all, very delicious!” enthuses Alaskan meat vendor American Pride Foods , from which curious carnivores can order caribou steaks, sausage, stew meat, burgers, and meat sticks. Arizona Carne asada Skirt (or flank) steak marinated with garlic, jalapeños, and lime juice and then grilled, carne asada can be served in tacos, burritos, nachos, or quesadillas, or on top of fries. And though it’s served throughout the American Southwest, few take it as seriously as Arizonans: Phoenix’s alternative weekly names a “ best carne asada ” every year. That kind of dedication to excellence is what earns you a meat on Slate’s United Steaks of America map. Arkansas Rabbit Pel-Freez Foods, “ America’s oldest and largest producer of domestic rabbit ,” proudly calls Rogers, Ark., home. (Pel-Freez also has a branch that sells rabbit tissue to research laboratories.) Get Pel-Freez’s free book of rabbit recipes here ! California Tofu It’s a well-known fact that Californians don’t eat meat, just tofu and kale. And to include kale on a list of state meats would just be ridiculous. Colorado Mutton Colorado is the most concentrated lamb feeding state in the country . So why assign it mutton (the meat of an older sheep) instead of lamb? Because mutton is tough and strong, just like Coloradans. (Also, I wanted an excuse to mention that Colorado is the birthplace of “ mutton busting ,” a rodeo sport in which children cling to the backs of sheep for as long as possible, and one of the most creative uses of animals on this map.) Connecticut Hamburger Several states lay claim to the first hamburger, but only one state has the backing of the Library of Congress . Louis Lassen, the owner of Louis’ Lunch in New Haven, slapped some beef scraps on a bun in 1895 and altered the course of American history. Louis’ Lunch is still in business, still serves hamburgers, and claims that “Cheese, tomato, and onion are the only acceptable garnish.” Connecticut 1, stunt burgers 0. Delaware Scrapple Delaware, a coastal statelet that Amtrak trains pass through en route from New York to D.C., is a leading manufacturer of scrapple, a loaf made of “ pork stock, pork livers, pork fat, pork snouts, corn meal, pork hearts, wheat flour, salt, [and] spices .” You do you, Delaware. Florida Alligator Is the alligator a mammal? No, it is not. But is Florida a normal state? No, it is not . Florida is home to dozens of licensed alligator meat processors , and they can give you a recipe for every occasion. (Try Patty’s Gator Piquante for a dish with as much bite as the reptile it came from!) Georgia Ham hocks It’s technically a joint in a pig’s lower leg, but the ham hock is the heart of soul food. Without it, Southern-style beans and collard greens wouldn’t taste nearly as good. And Georgians have been eating hocks and other porcine trimmings—jowls, maws, feet—long before the snout-to-tail approach came to Brooklyn. Hawaii Spam Hawaiians eat more Spam per capita than residents of any other state. Hormel’s signature canned meat is served in breakfast platters, as sushi, in bánh mì, in stir-fri |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Anime is film animation originating in which country?"
] | Anime / Manga | Know Your Meme Know Your Meme Dancing Brazilian Dog Inspires Remixes Also Trending: Updated Apr 05, 2016 at 06:15AM EDT by Triple Zed . Added Apr 25, 2012 at 03:55PM EDT by Herobrine . Like us on Facebook! PROTIP: Press 'i' to view the image gallery, 'v' to view the video gallery, or 'r' to view a random entry. This submission is currently being researched & evaluated! You can help confirm this entry by contributing facts, media, and other evidence of notability and mutation. Status Work is currently being made on this entry, if you would like to help out please request editorship. About Anime is the Japanese abbreviated pronunciation of “animation”, and Manga is a Japanese term used to refer to any comic. In English-speaking countries, anime refers to a style of animation originating in Japan, characterized by colorful graphics and often featuring themes intended for an adult audience, and manga it has been mainly associated to the comics made in Japan, and the style they often use. The intended meaning of the word ‘anime’ sometimes varies, depending on the context. History Manga Although manga can be tracked on 18th century, modern manga was born during United States’ occupation on Japan after WWII. Anime Anime first began in the early 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with the animation techniques also pioneered in France, Germany, the United States, and Russia. The oldest known anime in existence first screened in 1917 – a two-minute clip of a samurai trying to test a new sword on his target, only to suffer defeat. After the success of the Disney corporations “Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs” in 1937, many Japanese animators were heavily inspired by it, and adopted many of it’s styles while developing their own. In the 1960s, manga artist and animator Osamu Tezuka, often heralded as one of the grandfathers of the industry due to his work on series such as Astro Boy and Kimba The White Lion, adapted many Disney animation techniques to help reduce costs and limit the number of frames in productions. The first ever anime tv series to air in Japan was Otogi Manga Calendar, and aired from 1961 to 1964 In The West Anime did not start to get popular in the west until the late 1980s/early 1990s, after the airing of the cult film Akira . Despite the film receiving a limited release in the U.S., due to the perceived lack of marketability, it became popular within many circles, and is considered the staple for anime in the west. As well as Akira, many works by Studio Ghibli often received success within the west, due to backing by Disney. However, anime did not truly start to become popular until the airing of Cowboy Bebop on Adult Swim starting on September 2, 2001. The show became a breakout success, and helped lead to other anime airing on TV in America, and getting a popular western fandom, such as Fullmetal Alchemist , Soul Eater , Sword Art Online and Attack on Titan . Online Relevance Anime and manga have a long history online, spanning across numerous websites and communities. Online streaming services have developed into the primary source for many anime fans, with many websites being created in order to host fan-subbed anime. As well as this, a number of legal anime websites have also developed, offering users a way to watch officially licensed anime, most notably Crunchyroll [1] and FUNimation [2] . A number of online forums dedicated to anime have also developed over the years, such as Anime News Network [3] , an online Anime and Japanese media news site, and My Anime List, a forum dedicated to anime and manga [4] . A number of other websites also have their own dedicated anime boards, such as 4Chan’s /a/ board [5] and r/Anime [6] Fandom |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"How many times zones does Russia have?"
] | Russia Reduces Number of Time Zones Home Time Zones Time Zone News Russia Reduces Number of Time Zones Russia Reduces Number of Time Zones Published 23-Mar-2010. Changed 4-May-2010 Update: Russia will most likely make a final decision on time zone changes in the fall (autumn) of 2010, First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov announced on Friday, April 30, 2010. There are currently three time zones in the Russian Far East, and the presidential envoy to the federal district, Viktor Ishayev, believed that one more should be dropped. More locations will follow the time in Kremlin, Moscow, starting March 28, 2010. More locations will follow the time in Kremlin More locations will follow the time in Kremlin, Moscow, starting March 28, 2010. ©iStockphoto.com/Mordolff Starting Sunday March 28, 2010, Russia will have nine time zones instead of 11. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin recently signed decrees to abolish the time zones of four Russian regions. Getting Closer to Moscow Of the four affected regions, the Samara Oblast and the Udmurt Republic will now be in the same time zone as Moscow (UTC+3). These two regions are currently the only federal subjects in Russia in the Moscow+1 time zone (UTC+4). The two other regions, the Kamchatka Krai and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, which are the easternmost regions in Russia, will join the time zone of the Magadan Oblast (UTC+11). The time difference of these two regions with Moscow will now be eight hours (Moscow+8) instead of nine hours. The decrees will come in effect on March 28, at 2am (02:00) local time. While most Russian regions will take their clocks one hour forward for the Daylight Saving Time (DST), the four regions will not adjust for the DST. This will enable them to reduce their time difference with Moscow and change time zones. President Calls for Fewer Time Zones Russian President Dmitry Medvedev suggested reducing the number of time zones across Russia in November 2009. Speaking to the Federal Assembly last year, Medvedev said time zone differences across Russia have a negative impact on the country’s efficiency and require the use of expensive technology. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin signed three decrees (number 166 for the Udmurt Republic, number 170 for the Samara Oblast and number 171 for the Kamchatka and Chukotka regions) between March 20 and 22 to enact the change in the four regions. The Russian ministry of industry and trade prepared the decrees, following the application of local parliaments to change their time zones. A Mixed Reaction Explanatory notes accompanying the decrees stated that most residents of the four affected regions welcomed the change, RIA Novosti reported. However, some Samara residents announced this week they plan to protest the decision. A demonstration against the time zone change in Samara is scheduled on March 27, although the local government says the dissenting voices are a minority. Advocates of the change say the reduction of time zones will help Russia’s regions to better coordinate their business and political activities with the rest of the country. According to the governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Roman Kopin, the time zone change will enable his region to work more effectively with neighboring regions as well as Moscow. “The shift in the time zone will broaden the opportunities for the Chuktoka population to receive information from federal TV channels and will make educational TV programs more accessible to our students, which is very important given the informational isolation of our area”, Kopin said. Another Russian region, the Kemerovo Oblast, will also change its time zone on March 28. The Russian government made the decision to change the Kemerovo Oblast’s time zone in September 2009 but postponed its implementation until this year. Russia currently has 11 time zones, from the Kaliningrad Oblast, a Baltic enclave in the west, to the Kamchatka Krai in the Far East. When the easternmost regions move to the Magadan time zone, their time difference with Kaliningrad will be reduced to nine |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which country has the internet domain ‘.ch’?"
] | The Straight Dope: Why is "CH" the abbreviation for Switzerland? A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board Why is "CH" the abbreviation for Switzerland? February 3, 2004 Dear Straight Dope: Why is "CH" the ISO abbreviation for Switzerland, as seen in Internet domain names (.ch) and the "country" stickers on European cars? "CH" fits none of the languages of Switzerland. — Joe Joe, have you forgotten so soon that staple of high school Latin classes, the first book of Gaius Julius Caesar's De Bello Gallico (The Gallic Wars)? See if the following rings a bell: ". . . quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur: una ex parte flumine Rheno latissimo atque altissimo, qui agrum Helvetium a Germanis dividit; altera ex parte monte Iura altissimo, qui est inter Sequanos et Helvetios; tertia lacu Lemanno et flumine Rhodano, qui provinciam nostram ab Helvetiis dividit." For those less versed in the classics I'll translate: ". . . because the Helvetii are confined on every side by the nature of the place; on one side by the Rhine, a very broad and deep river, which separates the Helvetian territory from the Germans; on a second side by the Jura, a very high mountain, which is [situated] between the Sequani and the Helvetii; on a third by the Lac Léman [Lake Geneva to Americans], and by the river Rhone, which separates our province from the Helvetii." Pulling out our trusty National Geographic atlas, we see that the area between the Rhine, the Rhone, the Jura Mountains and Lake Geneva is occupied by the political entity known as (drumroll) Switzerland. From Caesar we know that the people living in that area were known to the Romans as the Helvetians or Helvetii. Maybe you see where I'm headed with this. Bear with me, I'm on a roll. The reason Caesar wrote about the Helvetians is that they decided to migrate en masse to Gaul (present-day France), either because the barbarians from the north (present-day Germany) were encroaching on their territory or because they thought France would be easy pickings. In any case the Helvetians were determined - Caesar says they burned their villages before starting their long march. The Romans, however, didn't like the idea of hundreds of thousands people on the move close to their territory and forcefully asked them to stay put, which request culminated in the famous (to the Swiss) battle of Bibracte (58 BC) in which the courageous Helvetians were defeated by the dastardly Romans and sent back to their original dwelling place. Many centuries of Swiss history will now be skipped. In 1848 the Swiss, following the religious civil war of the Sonderbund pitting Catholics against Protestants, wrote a new constitution and had to pick an official name for the country. As you point out, the Swiss are multilingual (having three official languages - German, French and Italian - and four national languages, the aforementioned three plus Romansh AKA Rhaeto-Romanic). To keep everyone happy, the official name for the country was chosen in a neutral language, Latin, using the old Roman name for the country's people. The confederation of the Helvetians is thus known as Confoederatio Helvetica or CH for short. On Swiss stamps and coins you'll see either the full name or the abbreviation Helvetia. On the 50 centime, 1 franc and 2 franc coins you can admire a majestic lady standing dressed in robes, carrying a shield and a spear - she's the Swiss "mascot" if you will, named Helvetia. A close-up of her head is on the 5, 10 and 20 centime coins. The name also survives in the typeface Helvetica, created by the Swiss type foundry Haas in the 1950s and since ripped off by Microsoft and renamed Arial. Apple Computers has their own knockoff of the Helvetica font, appropriately named Geneva. One may ask: If the Swiss officially call themselves the Helvetians, why do English speakers call them the Swiss? Because Schwyz was the name of one of the earliest Swiss cantons, and the common name of the country is Switzerland, or in the Swiss languages, Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera or Svizra. Links of interest: h |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?"
] | William Herschel | Article about William Herschel by The Free Dictionary William Herschel | Article about William Herschel by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/William+Herschel Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Herschel, William (originally Friedrich Wilhelm). Born Nov. 15, 1738, in Hanover; died Aug. 25, 1822, at Slough, near London. British astronomer and optician. Member of the London Royal Society (from 1781) and honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1789). The son of a regimental musician, Herschel was educated at home (music and languages). In 1757 he moved to England, where he became known as a musician, composer, and music teacher. Herschel, who studied astronomy on his own, made hundreds of mirrors for telescopes. Between 1786 and 1789 he built his largest, 40-ft (12-m) reflector with a mirror diameter of 122 cm, for the first time making effective use of a single-mirror scheme (Herschelian telescope). He began observations of the sky in 1773. Among his discoveries were the planet Uranus (Mar. 13, 1781), two satellites of Uranus (1787), their retrograde motion (1797), and two satellites of Saturn (1789); he also measured the period of rotation of Saturn and its rings (1790). He discovered the movement of the solar system through space. In the mid-1770’s he began a series of surveys of the stellar sky by his “scoop method” (counts of stars in selected areas). As a result, Herschel for the first time outlined the general form of our galaxy, estimating its dimensions and inferring that it was isolated in space as one of the stellar “islands” in the universe. Herschel interpreted the compact stellar condensations as actual clusters of stars. This work by Herschel marked the beginning of stellar statistics. Herschel discovered the existence of binary stars (1803) and compiled three catalogs of double stars. One of his greatest contributions was the discovery of more than 2,500 new nebulas and star clusters (1786, 1789, and 1802). Herschel noted 182 double and multiple nebulas and guessed at the physical connection of their components. He ascertained for the first time (1784) a pattern of distribution of nebulas—their tendency to cluster in layers; the “stratum in Coma Berenices” that he singled out makes up a sizable part of the equatorial zone of the Vaucouleurs Supergalaxy (discovered in 1953). Herschel substantiated (1791) the existence of “true” nebulas—from rarefied self-luminous matter—and advanced the nebular stellar-cosmogonic hypothesis of the condensation of stars and their clusters from diffuse matter, developing it (1802 and 1811) into a conception of the evolution of cosmic matter. Herschel was one of the first to begin the study of the solar and stellar spectra and in 1800 discovered infrared rays in the solar spectrum. Herschel was assisted in designing and making telescopes by his younger brother, Alexander, a talented mechanic; later he was assisted by his son, J. Herschel. Herschel received a great deal of help in his observations from his younger sister, Caroline Herschel (1750-1848), one of the few women astronomers. WORKS |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is the name of the ship in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?"
] | SparkNotes: Treasure Island: Plot Overview Treasure Island Context Character List Jim Hawkins is a young boy who lives at his parents’ inn, the Admiral Benbow, near Bristol, England, in the eighteenth century. An old sea captain named Billy Bones dies in the inn after being presented with a black spot, or official pirate verdict of guilt or judgment. Jim is stirred to action by the spot and its mysterious, accurate portent of Billy’s death. Hastily, Jim and his mother unlock Billy’s sea chest, finding a logbook and map inside. Hearing steps outside, they leave with the documents before Billy’s pursuers ransack the inn. Jim realizes that the contents he has snatched from the sea chest must be valuable, so he takes one of the documents he has found to some local acquaintances, Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney. Excited, they recognize it as a map for a huge treasure that the infamous pirate Captain Flint has buried on a distant island. Trelawney immediately starts planning an expedition. Naïve in his negotiations to outfit his ship, the Hispaniola, Trelawney is tricked into hiring one of Flint’s former mates, Long John Silver, and many of Flint’s crew. Only the captain, Smollett, is trustworthy. The ship sets sail for Treasure Island with nothing amiss, until Jim overhears Silver’s plans for mutiny. Jim tells the captain about Silver and the rest of the rebellious crew. Landing at the island, Captain Smollett devises a plan to get most of the mutineers off the ship, allowing them leisure time on shore. On a whim, Jim sneaks into the pirates’ boat and goes ashore with them. Frightened of the pirates, Jim runs off alone. From a hiding place, he witnesses Silver’s murder of a sailor who refuses to join the mutiny. Jim flees deeper into the heart of the island, where he encounters a half-crazed man named Ben Gunn. Ben had once served in Flint’s crew but was marooned on the island years earlier. Meanwhile, Smollett and his men have gone ashore and taken shelter in a stockade the pirates have built. Jim returns to the stockade, bringing Ben with him. Silver visits and attempts a negotiation with the captain, but the captain is wary and refuses to speak to him. The pirates attack the stockade the next day, and the captain is wounded. Eager to take action, Jim follows another whim and deserts his mates, sneaking off to hunt for Ben’s handmade boat hidden in the woods. After finding Ben’s boat, Jim sails out to the anchored ship with the intention of cutting it adrift, thereby depriving the pirates of a means of escape. He cuts the rope, but he realizes his small boat has drifted near the pirates’ camp and fears he will be discovered. By chance, the pirates do not spot Jim, and he floats around the island until he catches sight of the ship drifting wildly. Struggling aboard, he discovers that one of the watchmen, Israel Hands, has killed the other watchman in a drunken fit. Jim takes control of the ship, but Israel turns against him. Jim is wounded but kills Israel. Jim returns to the stockade but finds it occupied by the pirates. Silver takes Jim hostage, telling the boy that the captain has given the pirates the treasure map, provisions, and the use of the stockade in exchange for their lives. Jim realizes, however, that Silver is having trouble managing his men, who accuse him of treachery. Silver proposes to Jim that they help each other survive by pretending Jim is a hostage. However, the men present Silver with a black spot and inform him that he has been deposed as their commander. In a desperate attempt to gain control of his crew, Silver shows them the treasure map to appease them. Silver leads Jim and the men to the treasure site, but they are shocked to find it already excavated and the treasure removed. The men are angered and near mutiny again. At that moment Dr. Livesey, Ben Gunn, and the others fire on the pirate band, which scatters throughout the island. Jim and Silver flee, and are guided by the others to Ben’s cave, where Ben has hidden the treasure, which he had discovered months before. After spending three days |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?"
] | Joseph Lyons | National Museum of Australia Prime Minister from 6 January 1932 to 7 April 1939 Right Hon. Joseph Lyons. Photo: National Library of Australia, nla.pic-an23311073. Joe Lyons was the Premier of Tasmania before entering federal parliament. He was one of our longest serving Prime Ministers and co-founded the United Australia Party, which held government from 1931 through to 1941. Lyons died while still in office in 1939, and his wife entered federal politics herself. She was the first woman elected to the House of Representatives and the first female member of a federal ministry. Beginnings Joseph Aloysius Lyons was born in Stanley, Tasmania, on 15 September 1879. He was known as Joe. He was the fourth of eight children born to Michael Lyons and Ellen Carroll, both of whose parents were Irish immigrants. Joe's father Michael failed in a series of enterprises - as hotel keeper, farmer, butcher and baker - before losing his family's savings on the 1887 Melbourne Cup. He suffered a nervous breakdown and was unable to support his family. Joe attended a Catholic convent school in Ulverstone, but from the age of nine he had to help support his family by working variously as an errand boy, a printer's assistant and a farm labourer. When he was 12 he moved back to Stanley to live with his mother's sisters, Hetty and Mary Carroll, and to attend the local government school full time. He became a pupil-teacher in 1895, finally qualifying as a teacher in 1901. He taught in small schools in the north west of Tasmania until 1907, when he won a studentship at Tasmania's first teachers' college in Hobart. After graduating he taught in Launceston and Hobart. Joe Lyons was influenced by the Irish radicalism of his mother and aunts and, after being involved in debating while a junior teacher, he joined the Workers' Political League, which was the forerunner of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in Tasmania. He was very critical of people with large landholding interests and was in frequent conflict with his employer, the Tasmanian Education Department, for his political activities. Lyons resigned from the teaching service in 1909 to contest the seat of Wilmot in the state Legislative Assembly. He was horsewhipped during the campaign by a large landowner he had criticised. Once elected, he promoted a series of progressive reforms, including free medical treatment and education for children, a state medical scheme, reform of the Legislative Council, aid to farmers, factory legislation and the breaking up of large estates. In 1912 Lyons was elected president of the state ALP branch. In 1914 he became deputy leader of the parliamentary ALP. From April 1914 to April 1916 he served as Treasurer, Minister for Education and Minister for Railways in John Earle's ALP government. During this period he reformed the Education Department, abolished school fees, improved teachers' conditions and pay, and had Tasmania's first high schools built in Hobart and Launceston. The Easter Uprising in Dublin in 1916 reawakened his sense of Irish nationalism; he became vice-president of the Hobart United Irish League that year. Lyons opposed conscription and campaigned strongly for the 'No' vote in the conscription referenda in 1916 and 1917. When the ALP split over conscription in November 1916, Earle resigned as parliamentary party leader in Tasmania and Lyons was elected to replace him. He spent almost seven years as state opposition leader from 1916 to 1923. Lyons stood unsuccessfully as the ALP candidate for the federal seat of Darwin (in Tasmania) at the general election on December 1919. He became Premier of Tasmania on 25 October 1923 when the Nationalist government of Walter Lee fell after several Nationalists deserted the party. Lyons was appointed Premier at the head of a minority ALP government. As well as being Premier he took the Treasury and Railways portfolios. He remained Treasurer for the five and a half years he was Premier. Lyons' state ALP government survived through judicious management of the state economy. His consensual approach wo |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The singer Mary O’Brien was better known by what name?"
] | 55 Celebrities Whose Real Names Will Surprise You | Thought Catalog 55 Celebrities Whose Real Names Will Surprise You Submit Cancel You might not have ever heard of “Maurice Micklewhite,” “Olivia Jane Cockburn” or “Diane Hall” — but you’ve certainly heard of the actors who were born with these names. When the Hollywood system started, people commonly took simplified versions of their names to make them easier for people to say. Doris Day is much simpler than “Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff” and Clayton Holmes Grissom picked “Clay Aiken” when signing up for American Idol — because it was just more memorable. Or if you’re Albert Brooks, there’s no fucking possible way you can use your real name — because…well, you’ll see. Here are 55 people whose real names might surprise you. 1. Katy Perry Real Name: Katy Hudson The singer changed her name to avoid confusion with that other Hudson she shares a name with: Kate Hudson. 2. Demi Moore Her exes were born as “Walter Willis” and “Christopher Kutcher.” 3. Albert Brooks The reason for the name change should be pretty obvious. 4. Meg Ryan Real Name: Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra Is it just me or is her real name close to being a Fiona Apple album title? 5. Natalie Wood Real Name: Natalia Nikolaevna Zakharenko Born to Russian immigration parents, the young actress changed it to blend into the Hollywood times, like the Swedish Greta Lovisa Gustafsson, better known as Greta Garbo. 6. Woody Allen Come to think of it, Allen doesn’t sound very Jewish, does it? 7. Louis C.K. Real Name: Louis Szekely Louis C.K.’s stage name is barely such. It’s just an easier way to say his actual last name, which is pronounced “See-kay.” 8. Joaquin Phoenix Real Name: Joaquin Rafael Bottom If he were gay, that last name would be perfection. 9. Garrison Keillor Real Name: Gary Edward Keillor See? Even NPR personalities use stage names. 10. Chevy Chase Real Name: Cornelius Crane Chase The actor got his name from the traditional English song “The Ballad of Chevy Chase,” which (unfortunately) was not about an old racist who is difficult to work with and derails brilliant shows. 11. Tina Fey Real Name: Elizabeth Stamatina Fey Like her 30 Rock character, Tina Fey’s real first name is “Liz.” 12. Ben Kingsley Real Name: Krishna Pandit Bhanji Like Barack Obama, Kingsley was born to a white mother and Kenyan father — of Indian Muslim descent. 13. Olivia Wilde Real Name: Olivia Jane Cockburn My last name rhymes with another word for a penis, which made Middle School rough. Olivia Cockburn, I’m here for you, if ever you need to talk. 14. Alan Alda Real Name: Alphonso d’Abruzzo Alda’s last name was concocted by putting together the first two letters of his first and last name. AL + DA = Alda. 15. Portia De Rossi Real Name: Amanda Lee Rogers I guess she figured that “Portia de Rossi” had more zest to it than “Amanda Rogers.” She was probably right. 16. Diane Keaton In real life, she shares a last name with her most famous character, Annie Hall. 17. Michael Caine Michael Caine named himself after Humphrey Bogart’s character in “The Caine Mutiny.” 18. Larry King Real Name: Lawrence Harvey Zeigler King was born to an Austrian father and mother from Belarus, both of whom were Orthodox Jews living in New York in the 1930s. All of this sounds like the set up to a Woody Allen bit. 19. George Michael Real Name: Georgios Panayiotou He should have just changed his name to “Glory Hole.” At least it’s truth in advertising. 20. Whoopi Goldberg Real Name: Caryn Johnson Her stage name was concocted from her ability to fart a lot. (If you’ve seen her 1 in 3 commercials, you know she’s made quite the weird career out of bodily functions.) Her mother advised her to take a Jewish last name, arguing that it would help her career if people thought she was Jewish. 21. Hulk Hogan Real Name: Terry Jean Bollette If I wanted to scare someone, I’d tell them my name was Hulk, too. 22. Bea Arthur Real Name: Her co-star, Rue McClanahan, was born with the first name of “Eddi-Rue.” 23. Rock Hudson Real Name: Leroy Harold Scherer, Jr. Either way, he was sti |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"How long is a dog watch at sea?"
] | Dog Watch - phrase meaning and origin Dog Watch Posted by Bruce Kahl on August 14, 2000 In Reply to: Naval language posted by Janet Agar on August 14, 2000 : Origin of naval phrase "dog watch" please Dogwatch A dogwatch at sea is the period between 4 and 6 p.m, the first dogwatch, or the period between 6 and 8 p.m., the second dog watch. The watches aboard ships are: Noon to 4:00 p.m. Afternoon watch 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. First dogwatch 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Second dogwatch 8:00 p.m. to midnight 1st night watch Midnight to 4:00 a.m. Middle watch or mid watch 4:00 to 8:00 a.m. Morning watch 8:00 a.m. to noon Forenoon watch The dogwatches are only two hours each so the same Sailors aren't always on duty at the same time each afternoon. Some experts say dogwatch is a corruption of dodge watch and others associate dogwatch with the fitful sleep of Sailors called dog sleep, because it is a stressful watch. But no one really knows the origin of this term, which was in use at least back to 1700. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?"
] | #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in - Pastebin.com raw get clone embed report print text 2.69 KB #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?#answer=Uranus #question=What is the name of the ship in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?#answer=Hispaniola #question=Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?#answer=Australia #question=The Khyber Pass is approximately how many miles long?#answer=33 Miles #question=The singer Mary O’Brien was better known by what name?#answer=Dusty Springfield #question=In British currency slang, how much is a ‘lady’ worth?#answer=Five pounds #question=On an Ordnance Survey map, what does Ry stand for?#answer=Railway #question=How long is a dog watch at sea?#answer=Two hours #question=Which US city displays a large sign declaring it ‘The Biggest Little City in the World’?#answer=Reno #question=PADI is the training course to qualify as an instructor in what?#answer=Scuba diving #question=Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?#answer=Dover #question=What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?#answer=4.25 #question=What role did actor Sean Bean play in the film ‘Goldeneye’?#answer=Alec Trevelyan #question=‘Pro pace et fraternitate gentium’ is the inscription on which medal?#answer=Nobel Peace Prize Medal #question=The city of Hollywood, Broward County, is in which US state?#answer=Florida #question=Hermit, Spider and Blue are all types of which creature?#answer=Crab #question=Ernest Vincent Wright wrote the 1939 novel ‘Gadsby’, containing over 50,000 words, leaving out which letter of the alphabet?#answer=;The letter ‘E’;e;letter e; #question=How many finger holes does a penny whistle have?#answer=Six #question=What is the collective name for a group of toads?#answer=Knot #question=What is the only English word, and its derivatives, to end in ‘mt’?#answer=Dreamt #question=In the UK, in which year was the voting age lowered from 30 to 21 for women?#answer=1928 #question=What is the most times a piece of paper can be folded in half?#answer=Seven #question=Ablutophilia is the sexual arousal from what?#answer=Water #question=How many goals did footballer Gary Lineker score for England?#answer=48 #question=What was the middle name of actor Laurence Olivier?#answer=Kerr #question=The ship ‘Cutty Sark’ was built in which Scottish dockyard town?#answer=Dumbarton #question=Who composed the romantic opera ‘Lohengrin’?#answer=Richard Wagner #question=What are the Secret Service names for Barack and Michelle Obama?#answer=Renegade and Renaissance #question=Lotus Air airlines is based in which African country?#answer=Egypt #question=Texas Hold ‘Em is a variation of which card game?#answer=Poker RAW Paste Data #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?#answer=Uranus #question=What is the name of the ship in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?#answer=Hispaniola #question=Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?#answer=Australia #question=The Khyber Pass is approximately how many miles long?#answer=33 Miles #question=The singer Mary O’Brien was better known by what name?#answer=Dusty Springfield #question=In British currency slang, how much is a ‘lady’ worth?#answer=Five pounds #question=On an Ordnance Survey map, what does Ry stand for?#answer=Railway #question=How long is a dog watch at sea?#answer=Two hours #question=Which US city displays a large sign declaring it ‘The Biggest Little City in the World’?#answer=Reno #question=PADI is the training course to qualify as an instructor in what?#answer=Scuba diving #question=Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?#answer=Dover #question=What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?#answer=4.25 #question=What role did actor Sean Bean play in the film ‘Goldeneye’?#answer=Alec Trevelyan #question=‘Pro pace et fraternitate gentium’ is the inscription on which medal?#answer=Nobel |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?"
] | Why Is the Size of the Golf Hole 4.25 Inches? By Brent Kelley How many times have you lipped out a putt and wished that the size of the hole on the green was just a smidge larger? Why is the golf hole that size to begin with? That's one our most frequently asked questions: How did the hole come to be standardized at its current measurement of 4.25 inches in diameter? Like so many things in golf, the standardized size of the hole comes to us courtesy of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews , with an assist from the links at Musselburgh. Standardizing the Size of the Golf Hole From the beginnings of golf into the late 19th century, the size of the holes on golf greens was not necessarily standard from golf course to golf course. But in new rules issued in 1891, the R&A determined that the hole size should be standard on golf courses everywhere. So the R&A discussed just what exactly that size should be. The size they decided on was 4.25 inches in diameter. The reason is that the folks at Musselburgh (now a 9-hole municipal course on the Levenhall Links near Edinburgh, Scotland) had invented, in 1829, the first known hole-cutter. continue reading below our video 10 Best Basketball Players of All Time That ancient hole-cutter is still in existence and is on display in the clubhouse at Royal Musselburgh, an 18-hole course in Prestonpans, Scotland. (That's where the Royal Musselburgh Golf Club that used to play at the 9-holer outside Edinburgh is now based.) R&A Adopts 4.25-Inch Hole Size That first hole-cutter utilized a cutting tool that was, you guessed it, 4.25 inches in diameter. The folks running the R&A apparently liked that size and so adopted it in their rules for 1891. And as was usually the case, the rest of the golf world followed in the footsteps of the R&A. The exact reasons for why that first tool cut holes at the now-standard diameter are lost to history. But it was almost certainly a completely arbitrary thing, a notion supported by the story (perhaps apocryphal) that the tool was built from some excess pipe that was laying about the Musselburgh links. (That 9-hole Musselburgh links, by the way, was the site of six British Opens from 1874 to 1889.) Experiments with Golf Hole Size The hole size has been standardized ever since at 4.25 inches, although occasionally there is a push to enlarge the hole, at least for recreational golfers. In the 1930s, Gene Sarazen spoke in favor a few times of going to an 8-inch hole. Jack Nicklaus has, a few times, cut 8-inch holes at his Muirfield Village Golf Club , for special events. In 2014, TaylorMade sponsored an exhibition played with 15-inch holes and that included professional golfers such as Sergio Garcia. While it is almost inconceivable to think that high-level golf would ever be played with anything other than the standard 4.25-inch hole size, it certainly is possible that a few golf courses here and there could cut larger holes and see how their customers react to it. Making more putts means having more fun to recreational golfers, this line of thinking goes. So expect to see experiments with hole size continue periodically. Meantime, remember: the golf hole size is 4.25 inches because that's the size the R&A decided, in 1891, to standardize. |
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