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[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Kathmandu is the capital of which country?"
] | Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal 737 Kathmandu is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagarpalika (Metropolitan City), as compared to Up-Mahanagarpalika (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagarpalika (Municipality). Tell your friends Tweet Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as "KTM" or the "tri-city". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu has a population of close to 1 million people. The municipal area is 50.67 square kilometres (19.56 sq mi) and has a population density of 3000per km² and 17000 per km square in city. The city stands at an elevation of approximately 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) in the bowl-shaped Kathmandu Valley of central Nepal. It is surrounded by four major mountains: Shivapuri, Phulchoki, Nagarjun, and Chandragiri. Kathmandu Valley is part of three districts (Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur), has the highest population density in the country, and is home to about a twelfth of Nepal's population. Historically, the Kathmandu Valley and adjoining areas were known as Nepal Mandala. Until the 15th century, Bhaktapur was its capital when two other capitals, Kathmandu and Lalitpur, were established. During the Rana and Shah eras, British historians called the valley itself "Nepal Proper". Today, Kathmandu is not only the capital of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, but also the headquarters of the Bagmati Zone and the Central Development Region of Nepal. Kathmandu is the gateway to tourism in Nepal. It is also the hub of the country's economy. It has the most advanced infrastructure of any urban area in Nepal, and its economy is focused on tourism, which accounted for 3.8% of Nepal's GDP in 1995пїЅ96. Tourism in Kathmandu declined thereafter during a period of political unrest, but since then has improved. In 2013, Kathmandu was ranked third among the top 10 travel destinations on the rise in the world by TripAdvisor, and ranked first in Asia. The city has a rich history, spanning nearly 2000 years, as inferred from inscriptions found in the valley. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. Most of Kathmandu's people follow Hinduism and many others follow Buddhism. There are people of other religious beliefs as well, giving Kathmandu a cosmopolitan culture. Nepali is the most commonly spoken language in the city. English is understood by Kathmandu's educated residents. ... Subscribe to our newsletter and stay up to date with the latest news and deals! Subscribe |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"National Doctors Day is celebrated in the USA during which month of the year?"
] | National Doctors' Day: Calendar, History, quotes, when is & Facts Mar 30 National Doctor's Day History National Doctor's Day commemorates the nation's doctors, who have dedicated themselves to public service by helping to ensure the good health of US citizens. Doctors are qualified and licensed individuals who practice medicine of all forms. They include many types such as physicians, surgeons, specialists, anesthesiologists and pediatricians, who dedicate their lives to helping, healing and curing the sick and needy. President George W. Bush designated March 30th as National Doctor's Day on October 30, 1990 in an effort to celebrate the sacrifices and contributions made by our nation's doctors. National Doctor's Day is observed on March 30th every year in the US. National Doctor's Day Facts & Quotes The red carnation is the symbolic flower used for this holiday. It is often placed on the gravesites of deceased physicians. Eudora Almond, wife of Dr. Charles Almond, celebrated the first Doctor's Day in Winder, Georgia on March 30, 1933. According to a study by AAMC, the average cost of attending a US Medical school as a nonresident is about $50,000 per year. People pay the doctor for his trouble; for his kindness-they still remain in his debt. - Seneca, ancient Roman philosopher. A good physician treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease. - William Osler, Canadian physician and founder of John Hopkins Hospital National Doctor's Day Top Events and Things to Do Order a gift for your doctor. Find something related to medicine such as a spine keychain or even a basket of fruits shaped like bones. Send a personal Thank You Note to your doctor letting them know you appreciate him/her. Place a red carnation on a deceased physicians grave. Drop by your doctor's office with a free lunch or a snack in appreciation of their dedication towards your health. If you haven't been for a check up in a while, get one. Your doctor will be happy that you came in. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"TAP is the chief airline of which European country?"
] | Flytap - Oficial Site FLYTAP If it is your first time visiting the new flytap.com, please, log-in here . Login Customer number (TP) or email Password: Close How to log-in? Flytap has changed! It has new features and a new customer area that, were especially designed just for you. There are some errors on the form: Please correct the indicated fields. Viagem With flexible dates, it is easier to find better fares. Direct flights only There are some errors on the form: Please correct the indicated fields. toolbarmanagecheck You can find your reservation code on the electronic ticket that was emailed to you. Reservation date I have a TAP account Log in and make the process easier. There are some errors on the form: Please correct the indicated fields. Gerir Estado do Voo Enter the flight number you would like to search for. Continue There are some errors on the form: Please correct the indicated fields. Enter your reservation code You can find your reservation code on the electronic ticket that was emailed to you. Last name Additional information Additional information You can find your ticket number written on the electronic ticket that was emailed to you. Continue I have a TAP account Log in and make the process easier. Do you already speak FlyMoji? Download TAP’s emojis app now and give wings to your conversations! Stay up to 3 days in Portugal at no extra cost. Discover a beautiful country and enjoy all Stopover perks. Benefits from traveling with TAP Victoria Program Choose how you want to travel pay only what you need. Leading Airline to South America & Africa and Up inflight magazine is Europe's Leading Inflight Magazine at World Travel Awards! Contact Center (Abre numa nova janela) Newsletter Subscribe to our newsletter and receive all of the latest news and exclusive offers and promotions in your email. © 2017, TAP. All rights reserved. The form contains the following errors: Please correct: Attention Preencha o formulário para Recuperar Password Following your request, your TAP Account is suspended. When you log in, your account becomes active again, canceling the cancelation process. Want to reactivate your account? Cancel There are some errors on the form: Please correct the indicated fields. Recover password Forgot your password? Don't worry! Enter your e-mail and we'll take care of it. Forgot your password? Don't worry! Enter your e-mail and we'll take care of it. E-mail: Recover password Check your inbox. In the next five minutes, you will receive an e-mail with instructions for creating a new password. Fechar Don't remember your Victoria customer number? Let us help you. Please contact us: Still not a TAP customer? Register now! Portuguese (Portugal) Close TAP would like to alert you to the impossibility of changing your booking via Manage Your Booking if: You have a Lisbon-Porto and/or Porto-Lisbon flight (Ponte Aérea) and you want to change to a same day flight; If any of the following ancillary services are associated to your reservation: Unaccompanied Minors; |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In the children’s tv series, what is the name of Bob the Builder’s female business partner?"
] | Best Comedy TV Shows of All-Time - Classic TV Database View Show 1996-2001 | NBC 3rd Rock from the Sun is an American sitcom that aired from 1996 to 2001 on NBC. The show is about four extraterrestrials who are on an expedition to Earth, which they consider to be a very insignificant planet. The extraterrestrials pose as a human family in order to observe the behavior of human beings. View Show 1964-1966 | ABC The Addams Family is a sitcom based on the characters in Charles Addams' New Yorker cartoons that aired for two seasons on ABC from 1964 to 1966. It is often compared to its working-class rival, The Munsters, which ran for the same two seasons, and achieved somewhat higher ratings. The show is the first adaptation of the characters to feature "The Addams Family Theme". View Show 1986-1990 | NBC ALF is an American science fiction sitcom that originally aired on NBC from 1986 to 1990, created by Paul Fusco. The title character was Gordon Shumway, a friendly extraterrestrial nicknamed ALF (an acronym for Alien Life Form), who crash lands in the garage of the suburban middle-class Tanner family. View Show 1971-1979 | CBS All in the Family is a sitcom that aired on CBS from 1971, to 1979. In September 1979, a new show, Archie Bunker's Place, picked up where All in the Family had ended. This sitcom lasted another four years, ending its run in 1983. View Show 1960-1968 | CBS The Andy Griffith Show is a sitcom that aired on CBS from 1960 until 1968 about a widowed sheriff in the fictional small community of Mayberry, North Carolina. His life is complicated by an inept but well-meaning deputy, Barney Fife (Don Knotts), a spinster aunt and housekeeper, Aunt Bee (Frances Bavier), and a young son, Opie. Local ne'er-do-wells, bumbling pals, and temperamental girlfriends further complicate his life. View Show 1972-1978 | CBS The Bob Newhart Show is a sitcom that aired on CBS from 1972 to 1978 starring Bob Newhart who portrays a psychologist having to deal with his patients and fellow office workers. The show was filmed before a live audience. View Show 1980-1982 | ABC Bosom Buddies was a sitcom that starred Tom Hanks and Peter Scolari and ran from 1980 to 1982 on ABC that followed the misadventures of two single men, working in creative advertising, struggling in their industry while disguising themselves as women in order to live in the one apartment they could afford. View Show 1969-1974 | ABC The Brady Bunch is a 1970s sitcom aired from 1969 to 1974 on ABC centered around the daily lives of newly blended Brady family. View Show 1982-1993 | NBC Cheers is a sitom that ran for 11 seasons on NBC from 1982 to 1993. The show is set in the Cheers bar (named for the toast "Cheers") in Boston, Massachusetts, where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, chat and have fun. The show's theme song, written and performed by Gary Portnoy, and co-written with Judy Hart Angelo, lent its famous refrain, "Where Everybody Knows Your Name", as the show's tagline. View Show 1984-1992 | NBC The Cosby Show is a sitcom starring Bill Cosby that aired for eight seasons on NBC from 1984 until 1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an affluent African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York. View Show 1988-1992 | NBC Dear John is a sitcom that aired on NBC from 1988 to 1992. The series was originally based on the British sitcom of the same name. Dear John starred Judd Hirsch as easy going high school teacher John Lacey who is dumped by his wife, Wendy, via a Dear John letter. Wendy ends up with everything in the divorce settlement, including custody of the couple's son, forcing John to move into an apartment in Queens. View Show 1991-1966 | CBS The Dick Van Dyke Show is a sitcom that aired on CBS from 1961 until 1966 that starred Dick Van Dyke and Mary Tyler Moore. It was produced by Carl Reiner with Bill Persky and Sam Denoff. The music for the show's theme song was written by Earle Hagen. View Show 1978-1985 | ABC Diff'rent Strokes is an sitcom that aired on NBC from 1978 to 1985, and on ABC from September 1985 to March 1986. The series st |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The pollex is better known as which part of the human body?"
] | The Trees. 70 In this study I would like to examine the body of man. Man is a metaphor. Indeed, one of several meanings of the Hebrew word adam (�man�) is �I resemble.� For man is a microcosm of creation �in the words of the Talmud , �As the soul fills the body, so HaShem fills the universe.� [1] Thus Iyov declares, �From my flesh, I perceive HaShem �, [2] by contemplating the workings of our body and the manner in which it relates to and is animated by our soul, we gain insight into the workings of creation and the manner in which it relates to and is sustained by its source. Man is a microcosm, and so provides analogies for all other worlds which can explain the secrets of reality and the great riddles hidden from our senses�. [3] According to R. Bachya, our primary duty is to study that which is closest to us: the human being. It is our duty to study the origins and birth of the human, the form and structure of his physical frame, how the various body parts are connected and function together, the purpose of each individual part and the need for it to take its present form. Next we should study man�s advantages, his various temperaments, the faculties of his soul, the light of his intellect, his qualities -- those that are essential and those that are accidental; his desires , and the ultimate purpose of his being. When we have arrived at an understanding of the matters noted in regard to man, much of the mystery of this universe will become clear to us, since the one resembles the other... as Job said (Job 19:26): �From my flesh I see God.� [4] The Rambam [5] states that the only way to love and fear HaShem is through the study of His creation , for only through this study are we able to know HaShem . Our understanding of HaShem can only be achieved by the intellectual investigation of the genius and balance of His creation . Every detail, every remarkable insight and fact is necessary in our attempt to know ( Daat ) and connect with HaShem . The human body is the physical element in a complex and ultimately spiritual being. The human body is not simply the housing for the spiritual essences, it is part and parcel of the combined human being, a being that will ultimately exist in greater spiritual form in the world to come, after the resurrection . For when the world to come begins, and we stand up at the resurrection , we will stand up with combined body and soul, though both will be raised to a much higher spiritual level than at which we stand today. The walls of the succah represent the human body, and are even adorned with kishutim, jewelry, so-to- speak , as we adorn a body. For, like the body itself, the walls of the succah are only a temporary and somewhat flimsy encasement for the person, the soul, that enters and then later leaves it. The spiritual nature of the human body is manifested in an erect posture. This is one of the aspects of a human being which shows his spiritual nature. The fact that a man stands upright and has a certain glow in the face is a manifestation of his difference from an animal. These two features distinguish us from the animals. Maharal�s View Maharal suggests that the human body symbolizes aspects of HaShem , rather than that the actual form of the body reflects the form of HaShem in some way. In his view, human characteristics such as our walking upright, having two eyes, the heels of our feet , all remind us, if we understand them correctly, of attributes of HaShem . Specifically, our walking upright indicates a lack of subservience, our eyes remind us of HaShem �s awareness of good and evil, and our heels can remind us of the ubiquity of sin . Vilna Gaon�s View According to our mystical tradition, the human being is a microcosm of all creation , and within the human being one can find the characteristics of every creature. The Vilna Gaon, a leading sage of the 18th century, states that this idea is expressed in the following pasuk, where the Creator proclaims: Bereshit (Genesis) 1:26 Let us make the human being in Our ima |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In Greek mythology, how many fates are there?"
] | The Fates The Fates See More The Fates Pictures > The Moirai or Fates were three sister deities, incarnations of destiny and life. Their names were Clotho , the one who spins the thread of life; Lachesis , she who draws the lots and determines how long one lives, by measuring the thread of life; and Atropos , the inevitable, she who chose how someone dies by cutting the thread of life with her shears. They were often described as being ugly and old women, stern and severe. Three days after a child was born, it was thought that the Moirai would visit the house to determine the child's fate and life. It seems that the Moirai controlled the fates of both mortals and gods alike. It may be that Zeus was the only one not bound by them, as an epithet that was used for him was Moiragetes (he who commands the fate). Other sources suggest, though, that he was also bound by the Moirai . It is also uncertain who their parents were; in some myths , they were daughters of Zeus and the Titan goddess Themis , the goddess of divine order. In others, they were daughters of Ananke , the personification of necessity. The Fates Is also called Parcae, Fata, Moirai, Moirae. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Rosalynn Smith is married to which former US President?"
] | James Carter | whitehouse.gov Air Force One James Carter Jimmy Carter served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development. Jimmy Carter aspired to make Government "competent and compassionate," responsive to the American people and their expectations. His achievements were notable, but in an era of rising energy costs, mounting inflation, and continuing tensions, it was impossible for his administration to meet these high expectations. Carter, who has rarely used his full name--James Earl Carter, Jr.--was born October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia. Peanut farming, talk of politics, and devotion to the Baptist faith were mainstays of his upbringing. Upon graduation in 1946 from the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, Carter married Rosalynn Smith. The Carters have three sons, John William (Jack), James Earl III (Chip), Donnel Jeffrey (Jeff), and a daughter, Amy Lynn. After seven years' service as a naval officer, Carter returned to Plains. In 1962 he entered state politics, and eight years later he was elected Governor of Georgia. Among the new young southern governors, he attracted attention by emphasizing ecology, efficiency in government, and the removal of racial barriers. Carter announced his candidacy for President in December 1974 and began a two-year campaign that gradually gained momentum. At the Democratic Convention, he was nominated on the first ballot. He chose Senator Walter F. Mondale of Minnesota as his running mate. Carter campaigned hard against President Gerald R. Ford, debating with him three times. Carter won by 297 electoral votes to 241 for Ford. Carter worked hard to combat the continuing economic woes of inflation and unemployment. By the end of his administration, he could claim an increase of nearly eight million jobs and a decrease in the budget deficit, measured in percentage of the gross national product. Unfortunately, inflation and interest rates were at near record highs, and efforts to reduce them caused a short recession. Carter could point to a number of achievements in domestic affairs. He dealt with the energy shortage by establishing a national energy policy and by decontrolling domestic petroleum prices to stimulate production. He prompted Government efficiency through civil service reform and proceeded with deregulation of the trucking and airline industries. He sought to improve the environment. His expansion of the national park system included protection of 103 million acres of Alaskan lands. To increase human and social services, he created the Department of Education, bolstered the Social Security system, and appointed record numbers of women, blacks, and Hispanics to Government jobs. In foreign affairs, Carter set his own style. His championing of human rights was coldly received by the Soviet Union and some other nations. In the Middle East, through the Camp David agreement of 1978, he helped bring amity between Egypt and Israel. He succeeded in obtaining ratification of the Panama Canal treaties. Building upon the work of predecessors, he established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and completed negotiation of the SALT II nuclear limitation treaty with the Soviet Union. There were serious setbacks, however. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan caused the suspension of plans for ratification of the SALT II pact. The seizure as hostages of the U. S. embassy staff in Iran dominated the news during the last 14 months of the administration. The consequences of Iran's holding Americans captive, together with continuing inflation at home, contributed to Carter's defeat in 1980. Even then, he continued the difficult negotiations over the hostages. Iran finally released the 52 Americans the same day Carter left office. The Presidential biographies on WhiteHouse.gov are from “The Presidents of the United States of America,” by Frank Freidel and Hugh S |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was a tenth of a Roman Legion called?"
] | Legio X Fretensis The Tenth Fretensis had its own personlized coins by Terry Nix Some of the most unique coins ever used in the Roman Empire were directly related to Legion Ten Fretensis (LXF). Elsewhere in the Empire, when coins were worn smooth, they were melted down, but LXF was given Imperial authority to extend the life of colonial Roman coinage. Why this was done or if this affected the monetary value of the coin is not known for sure. Not only was the Legion allowed, in effect, to issue its own coinage, but it proudly added information about the Imperial recognition it had received from Octavian as a result of its victories at sea. In a famous naval battle in 36BCE, the Tenth legion under Marcus Agrippa destroyed the naval forces of Sextus Pompey off the coast of Sicily, known at the time as "Fretum Siculum." from which the Legion's honorary moniker of "Fretensis" derives. So, sometimes the Legion would countermark the coins with a simple X. But other times two or more countermarks would be struck on the same coin, including L.X.F above a boar, a dolphin below the boar, a Roman galley or Neptune standing with a trident. All of these countermarks symbolize the Legion's glorious naval history, and were sometimes accompanied by abust of the ruling Emperor. No other Roman legion besides Legion Ten Fretensis has ever produced coins of this magnitude or variety. The coins below help one imagine what an LXF vexillum may have looked like. The left side or front of the coin larger image has been identified as Titus who would have led part of the siege of Jerusalem. The smaller image is of the current emperor that was countermark onto the coin by legion ten but cannot be identified. The image on the right has L X F over a Boar with a Dolphin below. This next coin was entirely obliterated on front and back, before being counterstruck by LXF. It shows an X with a bar over it. I also has an upside down image of Neptune with foot on rock or small prow of a galley while holding a trident. It also shows an image of the ruling emperor who is believed to be Nerva here. The coin below shows L X F on one side and L.X.F over a Boar on the other side. That countermark seems to have been over struck even on top of a dolphin countermark. The coins below shows mixed countermarks. The one on the left has four Legion Ten marks which is the rarest of the rarest. The coin is of Domitian and has a countermark of Domitian on bottom right at an angle. To it's left and upside down, there is a countermark reading X F. The reverse of this coin has L.X.F with a boar beneath and a dolphin under that. To it's lower right is a Roman galley. The drawing to the right shows a drawing of a better grade specimen of the previous type but from another coin. The Tenth Fretensis and its unanswered origin by Terry Nix The above coins are but a few examples countermarked by Legion Ten Fretensis. Oddly enough, I have never seen the bull associated with this legion on any of the many different countermarks they used. Many legions "born" under Octavian use the bull as their symbol, but no LXF coins have been found countermarked with a bull, which is curious, considering the fact that the Tenth was a prized legion of Octavian. Many historians will say LXF used a bull as their symbol as one of their symbols, but this is mostly just assumed. Could it be that the legion did not adopt the bull because it pre-dated Octavian? Mark Antony had a Tenth legion but they were disbanded after Actium and Octavian probably would not have tr |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In November 2002, which member of the British royal family was convicted and fined for violating the Dangerous Dogs Act?"
] | h2g2 - HRH Princess Anne - the Princess Royal - Edited Entry 1 Conversation Princess Anne - the 'No Nonsense' Princess - is considered by many to be the hardest-working member of the British Royal Family, carrying out hundreds of official engagements every year. After the Queen, the British public is said to consider Anne to be the Royal Family's most valuable national asset. They feel that she gets the job done, fulfilling her duty without using gimmicks or drawing undue attention to herself. She's no 'clothes-horse' and has kept the same hairstyle for 30 years. Second-in-line HRH Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise of Edinburgh, second child and only daughter of Their Royal Highnesses Princess Elizabeth , Duchess of Edinburgh and Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh, was born at Clarence House, London, on 15 August, 1950. At the time of her birth, her mother was heir-presumptive to the throne of the United Kingdom . Anne was less than two years old when her grandfather George VI died and her mother became Queen. Anne and her older brother Prince Charles , the Prince of Wales, were raised mostly by nannies due to their parents' royal duties. Anne was educated by a private tutor and governess Catherine Peebles at Buckingham Palace. Being second-in-line to the British throne (the Queen's two children took precedence over the Queen's sister Princess Margaret) earns that person the dubious nickname 'spare'. This is because they are the 'standby' to take over as Monarch should anything untoward befall the heir. Anne's grandfather Prince Albert, Duke of York, was the 'spare' of his generation; he became King George VI when his older brother Edward VIII abdicated . The Precocious Princess From a young age Anne was already displaying a degree of precociousness. From the way she behaved, you would have thought the age difference was the other way around; Anne was bossy with her more timid and studious older brother and constantly trying to give their bodyguards the slip. When the Royal Family were on board the Royal Yacht Britannia, sailors knew they had to keep on their toes minding Anne, who had a habit of disappearing while investigating the mysterious and alluring potential hiding places of her floating playground. Anne recently recalled the times spent on Britannia as the happiest of her childhood. By the age of eight, knowing that the palace guard on duty had to 'present arms' to a member of the Royal Family, she ventured into the palace grounds and walked past again, and again, and again. Each time the poor soldier duly presented arms until the Queen, who happened to look out of a window from the palace, called her back in and gave her daughter a right royal telling-off. The Older Sister Anne has two younger brothers: Prince Andrew (born 1960) was the first child to be born to a reigning monarch since Queen Victoria's youngest daughter was born in 1857; and Prince Edward was born in 1964 when Anne was a teenager and already attending boarding school. Boarding School Despite being educated at the palace, she wasn't cloistered away from other girls as Her Majesty invited a Girl Guide troupe to Buckingham Palace every week as company for her. When she was 13, Anne was sent to Benenden, a private boarding school in Kent. This was the first time a sovereign's daughter had attended boarding school. It was Anne's first time away from home and she was physically sick on the journey. It's fair to say Anne was not a happy academic student but she did attain six 'O'-levels and two 'A'-levels. She was a popular girl at school with a sporting nature; her love of horses and riding eventually took her to the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, Canada. Public Life After completing her 'A'-levels in 1968 Anne left Benenden and entered the public life of the Royal Family. By the age of 20, Anne was President of the charitable organisation Save The Children and has, to date, visited 70 countries on their behalf. She is also Commandant-in-Chief of St John Ambulance Cadets. Her charities total over 200 and the representatives of those charities spe |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was the name of the ship that docked at Tilbury, England, in 1948, carrying 492 post-war immigrants from the West Indies?"
] | Arrival of SS Empire Windrush | History Today Arrival of SS Empire Windrush Caribbean Empire Richard Cavendish marks the arrival of the Empire Windrush, carrying some 500 settlers from Jamaica, at Tilbury Dock. On the misty morning of June 22nd 1948, a former German cruise boat, the Empire Windrush, steamed up the Thames to the Tilbury Dock, London, where she disembarked some 500 hopeful settlers from Kingston, Jamaica: 492 was the official figure, but there were several stowaways as well. Many of them were ex-servicemen, who had served in England during the war. The new arrivals were the first wave in Britain’s post-war drive to recruit labour from the Commonwealth to cover employment shortages in state-run services like the NHS and London Transport. One of them was a future Mayor of Southwark, Sam King, who had served in England with the wartime RAF. His family had sold three cows to buy his ticket which cost £28.10s in the old money (upward of £600 today). Looking back on the experience years afterwards – in Forty Winters On, published by Lambeth Council – he recalled that as the ship drew towards England there was apprehension on board that the authorities would turn it back. He got two ex-RAF wireless operators among the passengers to play dominoes innocently outside the ship’s radio room and eavesdrop on incoming signals. They heard on the BBC that Arthur Creech Jones, Colonial Secretary in the Labour government of the time, had pointed out that: ‘These people have British passports and they must be allowed to land.’ He added that they would not last one winter in England anyway, so there was nothing to worry about. The newspapers were already keenly interested in the voyage of what they embarrassingly called ‘the sons of empire’ and the Colonial Office, the Home Office and the Ministry of Labour were busily engaged in trying to dodge responsibility for the newcomers, whose imminent arrival they viewed with alarm. Eventually the Colonial Office, defeated in these arcane bureaucratic manoeuvrings, reluctantly opened the deep air-raid shelter under Clapham Common and about 230 of the new arrivals moved into it. The others had organised some sort of job and accommodation for themselves beforehand. The labour exchange nearest Clapham Common happened to be the one in Brixton, in Coldharbour Lane, and it was this that made Brixton the first of London’s new West Indian ghettoes. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was the name of the cross-eyed lion in the tv series ‘Daktari’?"
] | Daktari (TV Series 1966–1969) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Dr. Marsh Tracy was a veterinarian running an animal study center in Africa. Helping him were his daughter Paula, American Jack Dane and Mike, a local. Also living with the Tracys--and ... See full summary » Creators: a list of 23 titles created 23 Jan 2012 a list of 2657 titles created 12 Sep 2012 a list of 3690 titles created 15 Jan 2013 a list of 29 titles created 5 months ago a list of 39 titles created 4 months ago Search for " Daktari " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Ranger Porter Ricks is responsible for the animal and human life in Coral Key Park, Florida. Stories center on his 15-year-old son Sandy and 10-year-old Bud and, especially, on their pet dolphin Flipper. Stars: Brian Kelly, Luke Halpin, Tommy Norden When a native village is apparently terrorized by a Lion, the local sergeant enlists the help of a veterinarian working at a nearby animal study center. It is soon discovered that the Lion ... See full summary » Director: Andrew Marton The ongoing saga of the Martin family and their beloved collie, Lassie. Stars: Lassie, Jon Provost, June Lockhart Sonny and his kangaroo Skippy live in Waratah National Park in New South Wales. Matt Hammond, Sonny's father is the park ranger. Skippy saves the day in many adventures. Stars: Ed Devereaux, Tony Bonner, Ken James The series revolves around Evie Ethel Garland, who is the daughter of Troy and Donna Garland. However, Troy is an alien from the planet Antereus. As a benefit of her half-alien parentage, ... See full summary » Stars: Donna Pescow, Maureen Flannigan, Burt Reynolds The story of a young bee named Maya and her adventures. Stars: Michiko Nomura, Ichirô Nagai, Etha Coster Les barbapapa (TV Series 1973) Animation | Short | Family The Barbapapas are creatures that can change their form, and those are the adventures is this unusual family in his struggle to find his place in the planet while helping other people and animals Stars: Allen Swift, Julia Holewinski, Leen Jongewaard The humourous adventures of a family of pop musicians. Stars: Shirley Jones, David Cassidy, Susan Dey A sarcastic Martian comes to live with a hapless young Terran on Earth. Stars: Ray Walston, Bill Bixby, Pamela Britton Pumuckl is a nice and sometimes naughty goblin who used to live with a cabinet maker named Franz Eder. Mr. Eder has had to live through quite some trouble because Pumuckl always was up to ... See full summary » Stars: Gustl Bayrhammer, Hans Clarin, Toni Berger In the 21st century, the Tracy family operate a unique private mechanized emergency response service. Stars: Sylvia Anderson, Peter Dyneley, David Graham Top Cat is the leader of a group of alley cats, always trying to cheat someone. Stars: Leo DeLyon, Allen Jenkins, Arnold Stang Edit Storyline Dr. Marsh Tracy was a veterinarian running an animal study center in Africa. Helping him were his daughter Paula, American Jack Dane and Mike, a local. Also living with the Tracys--and equally a part of the show's starring cast--were a crossed-eyed lion named Clarence and a chimp named Judy. The series' storylines were largely centered around protecting the wildlife of the local game preserve from poachers and other threats. Written by Marg Baskin <[email protected]> The jungle's great for adventure. In fact it's wild. (season 3) See more » Genres: 11 January 1966 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Did You Know? Trivia Originally they wanted Ralph Helfer 's own daughter Tana Helfer to be the little girl in the Pilot because she was able to ride their Zebra Folsom around so well but Tana hated acting. See more » Connections My Favorite Show as a Child 4 October 2005 | by lambiepie-2 |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Tommy Lee plays which instrument in the band Motley Crue?"
] | The Band - Motley Crue Motley Crue Official Website for Mötley Crüe The Band MÖTLEY CRÜE is The World’s Most Notorious Rock Band. Vince Neil (vocals), Mick Mars (guitar), Nikki Sixx (bass) and Tommy Lee (drums) laid the foundation for their inimitable career in the ’80s with their genre-bending music, a mix of anthemic choruses, stadium-sized riffs, punk rock and melodic power, along with their relentless reputation, typifying an excess never before seen in modern music. But they didn’t stop there. MÖTLEY CRÜE continued to evolve through the ’90s and beyond, releasing their NY Times best-selling book The Dirt long before it was common and cool for celebrities to have their own tomes. The page-turning rock epic offered a keyhole view into life in The CRÜE. It is currently being adapted into a feature film by noted director Jeff Tremaine. MÖTLEY CRÜE reinvented itself yet again through the ’00s and the present decade by continually doing new things, such as launching a branded tour known as Crüefest. Also, The CRÜE was the first band to do a rock residency in Las Vegas, something its peers, Def Leppard and Guns N’ Roses, did after them. Their sold-out stint at the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino further elevated MÖTLEY CRÜE ‘s mythos, demonstrating the fact that they can do anything. They’ve also executed impressive, innovative live production, such as Lee’s roller coaster, which sends him around a 360-degree loop during his drum solo. MÖTLEY CRÜE has also become a part of the cultural lexicon, with songs featured in films like Little Nicky and Hot Tub Time Machine. “Kickstart My Heart” was used in the award winning KIA MOTORS 2012 Super Bowl commercial, featuring Victoria’s Secret supermodel Adriana Lima and UFC legend Chuck Liddell. The song is also being used in Dodge’s 100th Anniversary spots in 2014. MÖTLEY CRÜE’s career-spanning numbers are impressive. The band has sold 100 million albums globally; has reached seven platinum or multi-platinum certifications; 22 Top 40 mainstream rock hits; six Top 20 pop singles; a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; three Grammy nominations for Best Hard Rock Performance; and countless sold-out tours across the globe, playing to millions and generations of fans. Besides the hook-filled, ground-breaking music, MÖTLEY CRÜE’s image pioneered an attitude, fashion sense and lifestyle, influencing a legion of fans who copied its look. The members of the band have published a total of five New York Times Best-Selling books, including The Heroin Diaries and This Is Gonna Hurt by Nikki Sixx; Tommyland by Tommy Lee; Tattoos and Tequila by Vince Neil and the infamous The Dirt. This capacity for reinvention and innovation is why Motley Crue continues to attract fans young and old – many who weren’t even born during the band’s early reign. That fact proves that they are the rock band for all ages and eras. But All Bad Things Must Come To An End and Motley Crue is taking one last trip around the world embarking on its victory lap in high-impact fashion. 2014 marks the onset of MÖTLEY CRÜE’s swan song, their Final Tour, which will take the band all the way through the end of 2015. JOIN THE MAILING LIST |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What does the Latin phrase ‘Tempus neminem manet’ translate to in English?"
] | Tempus neminem manet definition | Latin Dictionary Time waits for no one See also: , , , , Latin Dictionary INDEX: List of Terms: Terms beginning with "A", Page 1 |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Al Qaharih is the local name for which city?"
] | Current Local Time in Cairo, Egypt About 11 mi ENE of Cairo Alexandria International Airport, ALY |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Tunisia gained independence from which European country in 1956?"
] | Tunisia gains independence from France | South African History Online South African History Online Home » Tunisia gains independence from France Tunisia gains independence from France Tunisia FlagTunisia Flag. Source: http://www.mapsofworld.com Tuesday, 20 March 1956 On 20 March 1956, Tunisia gained its independence from France after two years of negotiations between the French and the Neo-Destour (“New Constitution”) party, which was backed by the trade unions. Tunisia, located below the Mediterranean ocean became a constitutional monarchy with the Bey of Tunis, Muhammad VIII al-Amin Bey, as king. In 1957, Habib Bourguiba the country’s Prime Minister, abolished the monarchy and declared the Republic of Tunisia. In 1861, Tunisia became the first country in the Arab world to adopt a constitution. However, less than 10 years later political instability in the country forced Tunisia to declare itself bankrupt. Subsequently, Tunisia’s economy became the liability of a group of British, French and Italian financial commissioners. References: • Arcli ‘Tunisia’ , From:Acrli[online], Available at www.acrli.org [Accessed: 21 February 2012] |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In medicine, what is the name of the hollow flexible tube inserted into the human body to withdraw or introduce fluids?"
] | Over-the-needle catheter | definition of over-the-needle catheter by Medical dictionary Over-the-needle catheter | definition of over-the-needle catheter by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/over-the-needle+catheter catheter [kath´ĕ-ter] a tubular, flexible instrument, passed through body channels for withdrawal of fluids from (or introduction of fluids into) a body cavity. Straight catheters. May have one or two eyes, a round tip, or a “whistle” tip. These catheters are not self-retaining. acorn-tipped catheter one used in ureteropyelography to occlude the ureteral orifice and prevent backflow from the ureter during and following the injection of an opaque medium. Amplatz coronary catheter a J-shaped angiographic catheter used as an alternative to a Judkins coronary catheter in coronary arteriography . angiographic catheter one through which a contrast medium is injected for visualization of the vascular system of an organ. Such catheters may have preformed ends to facilitate selective locating (as in a renal or coronary vessel) from a remote entry site. They may be named according to the site of entry and destination, such as femoral-renal and brachial-coronary. arterial catheter one inserted into an artery, used as part of a catheter-transducer-monitor system to continuously observe the blood pressure of critically ill patients. An arterial catheter also may be inserted for x-ray studies of the arterial system and for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents directly into the arterial supply of malignant tumors. atherectomy catheter a catheter containing a rotating cutter and a collecting chamber for debris, used for atherectomy and endarterectomy ; it is inserted percutaneously under radiographic guidance. balloon catheter (balloon-tip catheter) a catheter with a balloon at the tip that may be inflated or deflated while the catheter is in place to create, enlarge, or occlude a passageway; see also balloon angioplasty . The pressure-sensitive balloon may be used to facilitate hemodynamic monitoring . Braasch bulb catheter a bulb-tipped ureteral catheter used for dilation and determination of the inner diameter of the ureter. Brockenbrough transseptal catheter a specialized cardiac catheter with a curved steel inner needle that can puncture the interatrial septum; used to catheterize the left ventricle when the aortic valve cannot be crossed in a retrograde approach. Broviac catheter a central venous catheter similar to the Hickman catheter but with a smaller lumen. cardiac catheter a long, fine catheter especially designed for passage into the chambers of the heart, usually through a peripheral blood vessel under fluoroscopic control. See also cardiac catheterization . Castillo catheter a cardiac catheter similar to an Amplatz coronary catheter in shape and use, but shorter and introduced via the brachial artery. central venous catheter a long, fine catheter inserted via a large vein into the superior vena cava or right atrium to administer parenteral fluids (as in parenteral nutrition ), antibiotics, or other therapeutic agents; it can also be used for measurement of central venous pressure and for temporary hemodialysis . See also central venous catheterization . condom catheter an external urinary collection device that fits over the penis like a condom ; used in the management of urinary incontinence . conical catheter a ureteral catheter that has a cone-shaped tip designed to dilate the lumen. Cournand catheter a cardiac catheter with a single end hole; used for pressure measurement, usually in the right heart. DeLee catheter a catheter used to suction meconium and amniotic debris from the nasopharynx and oropharynx of neonates. de Pezzer catheter a self-retaining urethral catheter with a bulbous end. directional atherectomy catheter a type of atherectomy catheter whose direction can be shifted to shave off additional plaque. double-channel catheter (double-lumen catheter) (dual-lumen catheter) a catheter with two channels, one for injection and the other for removal of fluids; called |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Borah Peak is the highest mountain in which US state?"
] | Borah Peak | mountain, Idaho, United States | Britannica.com mountain, Idaho, United States Paricutín Borah Peak, peak in Lost River Range in Custer county, Idaho , U.S. , and—at an elevation of 12,662 feet (3,859 metres)—the highest point in the state. Borah Peak, which was named for William E. Borah , a U.S. senator from Idaho, is located in Challis National Forest, 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Hailey. The peak lies in a tectonically active district, and in 1983 it was the epicentre of an earthquake that measured 7.2 on the Richter scale . Borah Peak, Idaho. Idaho constituent state of the United States of America. It ranks 14th among the 50 U.S. states in terms of total area. Its boundaries—with the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north and the U.S. states of Montana and Wyoming to the east, Utah and Nevada to the south, and Oregon and... Richter scale widely used quantitative measure of the magnitude of an earthquake, devised in 1935 by American seismologist Charles F. Richter. See table. Richter scale of earthquake magnitude Richter scale of earthquake magnitude magnitude level category effects earthquakes per year less than 1.0 to 2.9 micro... Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: May 19, 2008 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Borah-Peak Access Date: January 17, 2017 Share |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"How many people are in the painting ‘The Last Supper’ by Leonardo DaVinci?"
] | The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci – Facts about the Painting View Complete Works The Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci, is one of the most famous works of art in the world. It is a large fresco style painting on the wall of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy. It is not a true fresco because it was painted on a dry wall, instead of wet plaster. Unfortunately, because of the medium used, the work began to deteriorate fairly soon after it was painted, and so over the years numerous restoration attempts have been made to restore and preserve it. Although it took over three years to complete, da Vinci did not actually work on it continuously. No one knows the exact date of commencement due to lost and unreliable record-keeping. The Artist Leonardo da Vinci was arguably one of the greatest men to have ever lived. He was an artist, scientist, architect, author, engineer, inventor, and humanist. In essence, he was a Renaissance man. Da Vinci explored and delved into things which were many centuries ahead of him. He was born in 1452 near Vinci in Italy, and died in Amboise, near Tours France in 1519. As one of the early Renaissance men, he was largely underappreciated in Florence, birth place of the Renaissance, and lived out his days under the appreciative arm of French King Francois I. His most famous painting, the Mona Lisa stands proud amongst the collection of the Louvre, along with many of his other works. The Last Supper The Last Supper is among his most famous works. It is a giant fresco like painting on the side of a wall in a dining hall of a monastery. The painting was commissioned by Sforza and is the perfect subject for a dining hall in a monastery. Da Vinci’s Last Supper is depicted in this ritual meal as a religious ceremony. Christ is very much the focal point of the entire piece and we have a sense of asymmetrical symmetry as he is flanked by his disciples. There are thirteen people in all (including Christ) and we can see, presumably the figure of Judas Escariot to the right of Christ, as he was still present at the meal. Some have theorized that Mary Magdalene was sitting to the left of Christ in the painting, but this is a contradiction since there had to be twelve disciples, and she was not one of them. It is interesting to note, that with Christ as the center piece, how he is in fact well framed by the doorway. This provides contrast between his figure and the outside, as well as bringing out eye to the most important figure on the piece. His arms, head and body form a triangle, as well as the space on the left hand side between him and the figure to his left. The disciples are also nicely arranged into groups of three along the length of the table. One interesting fact is that there are lines of perspective that radiate from Christ’s head, indicating that he is the focal point of the painting. These perspective lines blend in with the ceiling and walls. The painting also makes us feel as if we too are a part of it. This formula has been copied and become the standard for symbolic paintings from then on. The Story The Last Supper is the final meal Christ had with his disciples before he was arrested which ultimately crucified. The scene we are shown is when Christ tells his followers that he is to be betrayed and that he will be leaving them very soon. In the groups of three, we see the reactions from the apostles to the news. From the far left, we have the first group who all look surprised. No doubt, all would be thinking that they would never betray the Messiah. The next group, it is likely that Judas is the one holding what appears to be a bag (perhaps of silver?). Behind him is likely Peter, Jesus’ number one disciple who appears angry at the news. And the other person is likely one of the younger apostles, as he appears to swoon. Many have suggested that this is Mary Magdalene, perhaps inspired by the famous Da Vinci Code book. To the right of Christ, the next group of apostles appears to perhaps be questioning Christ as to the suggestion of betrayal, while the group on the far right is likely |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which country has the internet domain .es?"
] | .es Domain Name - Spanish .es Domain Registration - Register .es Spain ?Grace period for .es domain name? Grace periods vary for country code Top Level Domains (ccTLD) including Internationalized Domain Names (IDN). Some registries require renewal up to 60 days in advance of the domain name expiration date. It is your responsibility to pay for your Renewal Fees in advance of the due date specified by 101domain regardless of the domain name expiration date. Failure to pay your Renewal Fees prior to the cpr144449003101 due date will result in a fee of $150 to renew your .es domain. There may be a restore period between when the domain expires and when the domain can be registered again. In the event that you do not pay by the renewal date, your site may be inaccessible during this time so it is very important that you renew this extension before the renewal date. ?.es Domains Dispute & Policy NIC.es uses a variation of UDRP. Relevant differences between the procedure for .es and the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) include the following: Whereas the UDRP is limited to the protection of trademark rights against infringement through bad-faith registration and use of a domain name, under the procedure for .es a Claimant must establish that the registration or use of the domain name constitutes an infringement of rights protected in Spain, which may concern trademarks but may also concern different types of intellectual property or certain other rights (see Rules, article 2, definition of "Derechos Previos" and of "Registro de Nombres de Dominio de Carácter Especulativo o Abusivo"). No three-member panels are possible. The most recent source for this dispute policy can be found at: www.icann.org/en/help/dndr/udrp/policy Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy 1. Purpose. This Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Policy") has been adopted by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ("ICANN"), is incorporated by reference into your Registration Agreement, and sets forth the terms and conditions in connection with a dispute between you and any party other than us (the .es registrar) over the registration and use of an Internet domain name registered by you. Proceedings under Paragraph 4 of this Policy will be conducted according to the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Rules of Procedure"), which are available at www.icann.org/udrp/udrp-rules-24oct99.htm, and the selected administrative-dispute-resolution service provider's supplemental rules. 2. Your Representations. By applying to register a domain name, or by asking us to maintain or renew a domain name registration, you hereby represent and warrant to us that (a) the statements that you made in your Registration Agreement are complete and accurate; (b) to your knowledge, the registration of the domain name will not infringe upon or otherwise violate the rights of any third party; (c) you are not registering the domain name for an unlawful purpose; and (d) you will not knowingly use the domain name in violation of any applicable laws or regulations. It is your responsibility to determine whether your domain name registration infringes or violates someone else's rights. 3. Cancellations, Transfers, and Changes. We will cancel, transfer or otherwise make changes to domain name registrations under the following circumstances: a. subject to the provisions of Paragraph 8, our receipt of written or appropriate electronic instructions from you or your authorized agent to take such action; b. our receipt of an order from a court or arbitral tribunal, in each case of competent jurisdiction, requiring such action; and/or c. our receipt of a decision of an Administrative Panel requiring such action in any administrative proceeding to which you were a party and which was conducted under this Policy or a later version of this Policy adopted by ICANN or the .es Registry. (See Paragraph 4(i) and (k) below.) We may also cancel, transfer or otherwise make changes to a domain name registration in accordance with |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Sir Humphrey Davy, the inventor of the miners safety lamp, was born in which English county?"
] | Sir Humphry Davy facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Sir Humphry Davy COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. Sir Humphry Davy The English chemist and natural philosopher Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) isolated and named the elements of the alkaline-earth and alkali metals and showed that chlorine and iodine were elements. Humphry Davy was born on Dec. 17, 1778, in Penzance, Cornwall. He was apprenticed when he was 16 to an apothecary in Penzance, where he evinced a great interest in chemistry and experimentation, using as his guide Lavoisier's famous work, Traité élémentaire de chimie. His obvious talents attracted the attention of Gregory Watt and Davies Giddy (later Gilbert), both of whom recommended him to Dr. Thomas Beddoes for the position of superintendent of the newly founded Pneumatic Institution in Bristol. He worked there from October 1799 to March 1801. The Pneumatic Institution was investigating the idea that certain diseases might be cured by the inhalation of gases. Davy, sometimes perilously, inhaled many gases and found that the respiration of nitrous oxide produced surprising results. Inhalation of "laughing gas," as it was soon called, became a novel form of entertainment, although nearly 50 years passed before it was actually used as an anesthetic. Davy also experimented with the newly invented voltaic pile, or battery. Davy left Bristol to become the lecturer in chemistry at the Royal Institution in London. Sir Joseph Banks and Count Rumford had founded the Royal Institution in 1799 as a research institute and as a place for educating young men in science and mechanics. Here Davy's genius emerged fullblown. Not only did his brilliant lectures attract a fashionable and intellectual audience, but he also continued his electrical research. In 1806 he showed that there was a real connection between electrical and chemical behavior; for this achievement Napoleon I awarded him a prize. In 1807 he electrolyzed molten potash and soda and announced the isolation of two new elements, naming them potassium and sodium. In 1808 he isolated and named calcium, barium, strontium, and magnesium. Later he showed that boron, aluminum, beryllium, and fluorine existed, although he was not able to isolate them. Lavoisier had claimed that a substance was an acid because it contained oxygen. Davy doubted the validity of this claim and in 1810 showed that "oxymuriatic acid gas" was not the oxide of an unknown element, murium, but a true element, which he named chlorine. In 1812 Davy married a wealthy widow, Jane Apreece, and was knighted by the King for his great discoveries. Napoleon I invited him to visit France, even though the two countries were at war. Sir Humphry and his wife went to France in 1813, taking with them as valet and chemical assistant the 22-year-old Michael Faraday. The French presented them with a curious substance isolated from sea-weed, and Davy, working in his hotel room, was able to show that this was another new element, iodine. When he returned to England, he was asked by a group of clergymen to study the problem of providing illumination in coal mines without exploding the methane there. Davy devised the miner's safety lamp and gave the invention to the world without attempting to patent or otherwise exploit it. Working in another area, he demonstrated how electrochemical corrosion could be prevented. In 1820, after Sir Joseph Banks had died, Sir Humphry was made president of the Royal Society. He began the needed internal reform of the society, but bad health forced him to resign in 1827. The remaining years of his life he spent wandering about the Continent in search of a cure for the strokes from which he suffered. He died on May 29, 1829, in Geneva, Switzerland, where he was buried. Further Reading Davy's own writings are the best source of information about his scientific work. They were edited in nine volumes by his brother, John Davy, The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy (1839-1840). A complete listing of all his writings is in June Z. Fullmer, Sir Humphry Davy's Publ |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"US singer Aliane Thiam is better known by what name?"
] | Best Pop Singers of All Time: Page 3 - Top Ten List - TheTopTens® Best Pop Singers of All Time The Contenders: Page 3 41 Sam Cooke Sam Cooke was an American singer, songwriter, and entrepreneur. He is mostly known for being a part of the soul movement. 42 Kendall Schmidt 43 Pharrell Williams Pharrell Lanscilo Williams is an American singer, rapper, and record producer. Williams and Chad Hugo make up the record production duo the Neptunes, producing soul, hip hop and R&B music. 44 George Michael Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou, known professionally by his stage name George Michael, is an English singer, songwriter, and record producer. Originally from Wham, huge across Europe and the US. Plus, amazing voice talent and fun songs 45 Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lynn Lopez, also known as J. Lo, is an American singer, actress, dancer, fashion designer, author and producer. 46 Akon Aliaume Damala Badara Akon Thiam, better known as Akon, is an American singer, rapper, songwriter, businessman, record producer and actor. 47 Lil Wayne Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr., also known professionally as Lil Wayne, is an American rapper. He was signed to Cash Money Records by Birdman at a young age . He has been critically acclaimed and even more panned throughout his career . He's often criticized for constantly talking about money, girls, and ... read more . 48 Will.I.Am W i ll .i. am is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and actor known for being the lead vocalist in The Black Eyed Peas . He was born in Los Angeles, California . He has released several solo albums such as "Songs About Girls" and "Will Power" . 49 Avril Lavigne 50 Becky G Rebbeca Marie Gomez, better known by her stage name Becky G, is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and actress. 51 Iggy Azalea |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In religion, Copts are native Christians of which country?"
] | Copts Encyclopedia > Philosophy and Religion > Christianity > Christianity: General Copts Copts (kŏpts) [ key ], the native Christian minority of Egypt; estimates of the number of Copts in Egypt range from 5% to 17% of the population. Copts are not ethnically distinct from other Egyptians; they are a cultural remnant, i.e., the Christians who have not been converted to Islam in the 14 centuries since the Muslim invasion. The Coptic language, now extinct, was the form of the ancient Egyptian language spoken in early Christian times; by the 12th cent. it was superseded by Arabic. Most Copts belong to the Coptic Church, an autonomous Christian sect that officially adheres to Monophysitism , which was declared (451) a heresy by the Council of Chalcedon. The church is in communion with the Jacobite Church (also Monophysite). The Ethiopian Orthodox Church was long part of the Coptic Church, but changes in the mid-20th cent. led to autonomy for the former in 1959 when an independent Ethiopian patriarch was consecrated. In rites and customs the Coptic Church resembles other Eastern churches; however, Copts circumcise their infants before baptism and observe certain Mosaic dietary laws. Coptic, Greek, and Arabic languages are all used ceremonially. The chief bishop, the patriarch of Alexandria, is in direct succession to the 5th-century patriarchs who embraced Monophysitism; he is entitled pope. Among the Copts a small minority are in communion with the pope; these "Catholic Copts" have their own organization and churches but share the rites and practices of the Coptic Church. This community began to develop in the 18th cent. Protestant missionaries have established some Coptic congregations. Besides Copts there are Orthodox communities in Egypt, mainly Greek and Syrian; the Orthodox patriarch of Alexandria traces his succession to the Catholic patriarchs of the 5th cent. There are also many Catholic Syrians, mainly Melchites and Maronites. In recent decades, Copts have been the object of attacks by Muslim fundamentalists in Egypt, especially in the aftermath of the overthrow in 2013 of President Morsi , a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, by the military. See D. Attwater, The Christian Churches of the East (2 vol., 1947–48); E. Wakin, A Lonely Minority: The Story of Egypt's Copts (1963); M. Kāmil, Coptic Egypt (1968); O. F. A. Meindarus, Christian Egypt: Faith and Life (1970). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: Christianity: General Advertisement Advertisement |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which playing card is known as ‘Helen of Troy’?"
] | Answer Fella: A Brief History of Playing Cards 27 Highly Ambitious Things to Do Before You Die A Brief History of Playing Cards Esquire's Answer Fella believes that there are no stupid questions, just stupid people who don't ask questions, fearing they'll look stupid. So ask Answer Fella anything. If he doesn't know the answer, he'll find out who does or who has a guess that sounds right. By Answer Fella Jan 29, 2007 I once heard that there's a story behind a deck of playing cards, i.e., the suicide king had his heart broken by the queen of hearts. Is this true? What's the tale? If only it were that simple. The true story is that the queen of hearts was once wed to the king of hearts, until he caught her giving the jack of diamonds a royal flush, whereupon he yanked the jack off, grabbed the nearby ace of spades, and clubbed them both to death. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below But seriously. Playing cards are cultural artifacts tracing back at least a millennium, beginning in China before A.D. 1000. By the 13th century, they had reached the Middle East; the oldest known deck, from Egypt's Mamluk period, already consisted of 52 cards. The Islamic suits were adapted variously in southern Europe in the late 14th century, and figures and caricatures were added. The pattern that we now consider standard -- hearts, clubs, spades, diamonds, kings, queens, and jacks -- originated in France in the mid-15th century. The French liked to use representations of specific persons on their court cards, but they varied from deck to deck, place to place, and time to time. These featured kings supposed to represent Charlemagne, Alexander the Great, Caesar, and King David, and queenly portrayals of Pallas, Greek goddess of war and wisdom, Helen of Troy, and Rachel and Judith, two Old Testament heroines. Speculation abounds about the jacks, but most experts agree that they are based on La Hire, one of Joan of Arc's comrades; Hector, a prince of Troy; Judas Maccabaeus, an ancient Jewish warrior; and Brad Pitt. Got a question? Send it to Answer Fella via esquire.com/talk . More from Esquire: |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Danish Navigator, Vitus Bearing, discovered which US state in 1741?"
] | Bering - definition of Bering by The Free Dictionary Bering - definition of Bering by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Bering Related to Bering: Vitus Bering Ber·ing (bîr′ĭng, bâr′-, băr′- bā′rĭng), Vitus 1681-1741. Danish navigator and explorer who in 1728 sailed through the Bering Strait, proving that Asia and North America are separate continents. Bering (ˈbɛrɪŋ; ˈbɛər-; Danish ˈbeːreŋ) or Behring n (Biography) Vitus (ˈviːtʊs). 1681–1741, Danish navigator, who explored the N Pacific for the Russians and discovered Bering Island and the Bering Strait Ber•ing 1680–1741, Danish navigator: explorer of the N Pacific. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Bering - Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741) Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: civil time References in classic literature ? When he got abroad at last he was hardly grateful that he had been spared, remem- bering how lonely was his estate, how companionless and forlorn he was. View in context We are getting near Bering Sea, and there are storms and blizzards. And when the ice goes out of Bering Sea, the man and woman go away on a steamship. Five Chinese ships in Bering Sea as Obama visits Alaska Abstract--Seasonal migration of commercial-size ([greater than or equal to] 102 mm carapace width [CW]), morphometrically mature (MM) snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) from the eastern Bering Sea was examined in relation to the summer distribution of mature females to identify spatiotemporal overlap of males and females and determine the likelihood of mating associations for specific reproductive stages. Seasonal migrations of morphometrically mature male snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the eastern Bering Sea in relation to mating dynamics Cognitive psychologist Jesse Bering attempted to answer this question by adopting a naturalistic explanation. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Carlos Menem was made president of which South American country in July 1989?"
] | Charismatic Leadership and the Transition to Democracy:The Rise of Carlos Saúl Menem in Argentine Politics Charismatic Leadership and the Transition to Democracy: The Rise of Carlos Saúl Menem in Argentine Politics by Catholic University of Buenos Aires Introduction In December 1983 Raúl Alfonsín took office as president of Argentina to end almost eight years of military rule. As the country started its transition to democracy, a process begun in late 1982, after Argentina's defeat in the South Atlantic War, a discredited and humiliated regime decided to call for general elections to avoid social and political chaos. The two main political parties, the Peronists and the Radicals, ran candidates for president: Ítalo Luder for the Partido Justicialista (PJ.the Peronists) and Raúl Alfonsín for the Unión Cívica Radical (UCR). The Pe ronists hoped a prestigious ticket would attract the votes of the middle class. Luder was president of the Senate during the previous Peronist government and was a recognized specialist in constitutional law. Deolindo Bittel, his running mate, was a respe cted politician from the Province of Chaco. Both Luder and Bittel received clear support from the trade unions, which played a leading role in the organization of public rallies during the electoral campaign. For various reasons, however, labor support turned out to be harmful. To start with, the c ampaign's continual references to the old Peronist traditions were inappropriate in a country that had changed radically from the one Perón ruled as president beginning in 1946, and later in 1973. Second, the violent and aggressive attitudes of the trade unionists scared away not only part of the middle class but also the lower classes, who did not feel represented by the gangs that attended the Peronist rallies. Raúl Alfonsín, on the other hand, was relatively new to politics. After the death of Ricardo Balbín, the leader of the UCR, Alfonsín became president of the party and engineered a gradual change in the UCR's traditional stance toward positions more akin to those of Europe's Social Democratic parties. The perception of him as a modern and progressive politician surrounded by young, talented advisers with political experience gained during the recent resistance to the military d ictatorship gave Alfonsín a halo of heroism and boldness. Well-crafted political and propaganda campaigns targeted not only to the UCR's traditional constituency.the middle class.but also to the poor neighborhoods, which had traditionally voted for Peronists, allowed the UCR to defeat the Peronists for the first time in a clean presidential election in October 1983. Many politicians, academics, and journalists essayed different interpretations of the election results. Some maintained that the Argentine electorate had finally matured and was leaning toward politicians who no longer spoke with the heart. Others rejoice d because Argentine political practices had grown to such an extent that Peronism's irrational and emotional speeches had been replaced by more rational and "scientific" arguments. Nevertheless, in the presidential elections held six years later, the Radicals were defeated by Carlos Menem, the Peronist candidate, a populist leader from a poor province of the interior who reminded the electorate of Perón's political style. Thi s time the emotional and sentimental speeches defeated the "rationality" of Eduardo Angeloz, the Radical candidate, and again gave rise to various interpretations about why the election had turned out as it had. In general, analysts pointed out that Menem represented a new leader who had taken up Perón's charismatic leadership style. Further, ordinary people, tired of technical explanations about the current social and economic crisis, had followed this new "caudillo," who told them hope and faith could overcome their problems. This phenomenon has been interpreted in various journalistic and academic works. My aim here is to place Carlos Menem's ascent within the framework of its importance for political theory. Unlike analyse |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Solyanka is what type of cooked food dish?"
] | Solyanka soup recipe: Russian soup with smoked meats (Solianka)Russian Food Sharlotka – Russian apple cake → Solyanka soup recipe, Russian smoked meat soup Meat Solyanka is a well known Russian and Ukrainian soup with sour and smoked meaty flavour. There are meat, fish and vegetable (mushroom) Solyanka but today we are cooking the meat one. Russian barrel salted (not pickled!) cucumbers are always used in Solyanka and they give the soup that distinctive salty and sour taste. Sometimes some pickle brine is also added. In meat Solyanka you are supposed to use several types of meats (at least 3 different types), most of the meats should be smoked. Usually in Russia meat Solyanka would be cooked on the base of classical meat bouillon (broth) into which other ingredients would be added. For meats in Solyanka soup all kinds of smocked supplies are used: ham, sausages, frankfurters, chicken, bacon and in Russia it is popular to add some typical Russian ‘boiled’ sausage of Bologna type. It probably has to do with a total deficit of good meats in the Soviet era. Here in the UK I cook Solyanka soup (which my US husband loves very much!) with handy smoked meats you can find in any food store or at the butcher. See the recipe of Solyanka soup and pictures below Russian meat Solyanka soup recipe Ingredients for 4 helpings of Russian Solyanka meat soup: 1,2 litres (about 5 cups) low salt meat or chicken bouillon / stock (I use my own chicken stock that I make with very little salt). Alternatively you can use just water or half-and-half 1 large onion finely diced 1 large carrot grated 70 g pancetta or bacon chopped 100 g smocked cooking chorizo or other smoked pork sausage chopped 160 g smocked chicken breast (or other smocked meat) cubed 3 large barrel-salted cucumbers (available from a Russian, Polish or Lithuanian shop, in the US also available at deli individually packed as a snack) finely chopped 3 Tsp tomato purée sour cream or crème fraîche (optional) Method: In a deep pot put the bouillon for Solyanka soup on to warm it up. In a deep frying pan (like wok) fry pancetta, chorizo (bacon or/and any other cooking meat(s) you are using) on the medium fire. When the fat is melted out add chopped onion and grated carrot. Fry for a while but don’t let them get brown. Add chopped salty cucumbers and let cook for 5 minutes. Add tomato purée, paprika and capers, if you like them, mix all well and turn off the gas. When the bouillon for Solyanka soup starts to boil add the cubed potato, let boil and then simmer for 5 minutes on a small heat. Now add the fried-up stuff into the Solyanka soup and add all the rest cubed smoked or un-smoked meats like chicken breast, beef tongue , etc. Let the Solyanka soup simmer slowly for 5-10 minutes, then taste for salt. If Solyanka soup is not salty enough, add some pickle brine into the soup. Turn off the fire, cover with the lid and let the Solyanka soup seat for several hours. This will make the soup better, believe me! Russian Solyanka soup is even better the next day! Serve Russian meat Solyanka soup with a thin slice of lemon, chopped dill and/or parsnip and several olives in every bowl. Add sour cream to taste. Solyanka soup is great in a winter evening with some nice freshly baked bread, home made preferably! Give it a try and the Solyanka soup may become your favourite |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Myxomatosis is a viral disease affecting which creatures?"
] | Myxomatosis myxoma virus - a threat to wild and domestic rabbits Pet Diseases abroad Myxomatosis Myxomatosis is caused by the myxoma virus, a type of pox virus that only affects rabbits. It was first discovered in 1896 in Uruguay and was imported to Australia in 1951 to control its large rabbit populations - initially having the desired devastating effect. The disease was illegally introduced to France in 1952 and it appeared in Britain the following year. It quickly spread to both wild and domestic rabbit populations and within a few years had spread throughout Europe. Myxomatosis has been a threat to wild and domestic rabbits ever since. Who is at risk? All rabbits, whether wild or domestic are at risk of myxomatosis. How is it spread? Myxomatosis is typically spread by blood sucking insects and in particular the rabbit flea, Spilopsyllus cuniculi. This flea is frequently found on wild rabbits and transmission in the absence of bites is unusual. All breeds of domestic rabbit can be affected, with little to suggest that one breed is more susceptible than another, and whatever the lifestyle of your rabbit there is a potential risk of this disease. Signs and symptoms The incubation period varies depending on the strain and its virulence and is typically at least five days. Accompanying the classic bulging eyes that most of us associate with myxomatosis, are localised swellings around the head, face, ears, lips, anus and genitalia. Severe swellings can lead to blindness and distortion around the face within a day or so of the onset of symptoms, leading to difficulty with feeding and drinking. Bacterial respiratory infection often complicates the disease resulting in a fatal pneumonia. Progress of the disease may be slower in well cared for pet rabbits and recovery is sometimes possible with intensive care. However, myxomatosis can be a very protracted and profoundly unpleasant disease and euthanasia is generally recommended. Recovery in the wild occasionally occurs but for animals with severe signs death usually occurs about 12 days after initial infection. Management of myxomatosis There is no specific treatment for the virus and any treatment offered is merely supportive. Treatment is occasionally contemplated but would not usually be recommended for rabbits with the full-blown disease since affected individuals suffer dreadfully, have a low chance of survival and they remain a source of infection for other rabbits. The occasional individuals with milder disease may, however, recover with appropriate care. Control of myxomatosis To help prevent your rabbit from contracting myxomatosis, it is important to put various controls in place, for which there are two main methods: control of parasites and vaccination. Flea control Always keep a regular check on pets for any signs of fleas and consider the regular use of an insecticidal treatment from your vet. There is also evidence to suggest that mosquitoes and other biting flies may transmit myxomatosis in the UK, so nets and insect repellent can be used to combat this threat in warmer weather. Your vet will be able to advise you further on these measures, since not all products are suitable or safe for rabbits. Vaccination A dual vaccination covering both myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) has recently been launched in the UK and is designed to replace the older myxomatosis-only product during 2012. This new vaccine provides efficient and effective protection of rabbits against both diseases Vaccination schedule It is recommended that a single dose of the new vaccine is given to all rabbits over the age of five weeks and requires an annual booster to maintain protection Strains of myxomatosis and vaccine development Although myxomatosis is typically fatal in rabbits without immunity, there are many different strains and some |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which British sports commentator famously said ‘He looks about as happy as a penguin in a microwave’?"
] | He looks about as happy as a penguin in a microwave. Died: August 11, 2012 (aged 72) Nationality: British Occupation: Entertainer Bio: Sid Waddell was an English sports commentator and television personality. He was nicknamed 'The Voice of Darts' due to his fame as a dart commentator, and worked for Granada, Yorkshire, BBC, and Sky Sports television broadcasters. He was nominated for two prestigious awards for his work, and published several books. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The Mosul Dam is in which country?"
] | Mosul Dam: Why the battle for water matters in Iraq - BBC News BBC News Mosul Dam: Why the battle for water matters in Iraq By Alex Milner BBC News 18 August 2014 Close share panel Image copyright AFP/Getty Image caption The Mosul dam is the water and electricity lifeline to the 1.7 million residents of Mosul Whoever controls the Mosul Dam, the largest in Iraq, controls most of the country's water and power resource. When Saddam Hussein built the dam three decades ago, it was meant to serve as a symbol of his leadership and Iraq's strength. The dam is the latest key strategic battleground in northern Iraq between militants from Islamic State (IS), who took it on 7 August, and Kurdish and Iraqi forces supported by American airpower. Located on the River Tigris about 50km (30 miles) upstream from the city of Mosul, the dam controls the water and power supply to a large surrounding area in northern Iraq. Its generators can produce 1010 megawatts of electricity, according to the website of the Iraqi State Commission for Dams and Reservoirs. The structure also holds back over 12 billion cubic metres of water that are crucial for irrigation in the farming areas of Iraq's western Nineveh province. Instrument of war However, since its completion in the 1980s, the dam has required regular maintenance involving injections of cement on areas of leakage. The US government has invested more than $30m (£17.9m) on monitoring and repairs, working together with Iraqi teams. Image copyright AFP Image caption The black flags of jihadist group Islamic State flew over the Mosul dam for 10 days before it was recaptured by Kurdish and Iraqi ground forces In 2007, the then commanding general of US forces in Iraq, David Petraeus, and the then US ambassador to Iraq, Ryan Crocker, warned Iraq's PM Nouri Maliki that the structure was highly dangerous because it was built on unstable soil foundation. "A catastrophic failure of Mosul dam would result in flooding along the Tigris river all the way to Baghdad," they said in a letter. "Assuming a worst-case scenario, an instantaneous failure of Mosul dam filled to its maximum operating level could result in a flood wave 20 metres (65.5ft) deep at the city of Mosul," it said. Writing to Congress, President Obama cited the potentially massive loss of civilian life and the possible threat to the US embassy in Baghdad. Those dangers, he wrote, were sufficient reasons for deploying air power to support Kurdish forces trying to recapture the dam. 'Method in their madness' Relief in Washington and Baghdad will only come when IS militants, who have sought control of water resources before, have been stopped from using the dam as an instrument of war. The deployment of air power by the US in support of Kurdish forces has shown how seriously the White House takes the potential threat posed by IS control of the dam. The Fallujah dam, in the Nuamiyah area of the city, in Iraq's western Anbar province, fell under IS control in February. However, the group has so far failed in its attempts to capture the Haditha dam, Iraq's second largest, from the army. Image copyright AP Image caption The Tigris River crosses Iraq and Syria at Fishkhabour, where displaced Yazidis have travelled to escape the Islamic State advance The 8km-long Haditha dam and its hydro-electrical facility, located to the north-west of Baghdad, supply 30% of Iraq's electricity. Securing it was one of the first objectives of US special forces invading Iraq in 2003. With the Mosul dam in its hands, the concern is that Islamic State could "flood farmland and disrupt drinking water supplies, like it did with a smaller dam near Fallujah this spring," wrote Keith Johnson in an article for Foreign Policy last month. In May, a flood displaced an estimated 40,000 people between Fallujah and Abu Ghraib. Earlier this month, IS militants reportedly closed eight of the Fallujah dam's 10 lock gates that control the river flow, flooding land up the Euphrates river and reducing water levels in Iraq's southern provinces, through which the river passes. Many families |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is a line on a map called that connects two points which have the same average summer temperature?"
] | What Are Isolines What Are Isolines By Matt Rosenberg Updated August 02, 2016. Topographic maps use a wide variety of symbols to represent human and physical features, including isolines, which are often used on maps to represent points of equal value. Isolines, also referred to as contour lines, can be used to represent elevation on a map by connecting points of equal elevation, for instance. These imaginary lines provide a good visual representation of the terrain. As with all isolines, when contour lines lie close together, they represent a steep slope; lines far apart represent a gradual slope. But isolines can also be used to show other variables on a map besides terrain, and in other themes of study. For example, the first map of Paris used isolines to depict population distribution in that city, rather than physical geography. Maps using isolines and their variations have been used by astronomer Edmond Halley (of Halley's comet) and by doctor John Snow to better understand an 1854 cholera epidemic in England. This is a list of some common (as well as obscure) types of isolines used on maps to represent different features of terrain, such as elevation and atmosphere, distances, magnetism and other visual representations not easily shown on a two-dimensional depiction. The prefix "iso-" means "equal." Isobar A line representing points of equal atmospheric pressure. Isobath A line representing points of equal depth under water. Isobathytherm A line representing depths of water with equal temperature. Isochasm A line representing points of equal recurrence of auroras. Isocheim A line representing points of equal mean winter temperature. Isochrone A line representing points of equal time-distance from a point, such as the transportation time from a particular point. Isodapane A line representing points of equal transport costs for products from production to markets. Isodose A line representing points of equal intensity of radiation. Isodrosotherm A line representing points of equal dew point. Isogeotherm A line representing points of equal mean temperature. Isogloss A line separating linguistic features. Isogonal A line representing points of equal magnetic declination. Isohaline A line representing points of equal salinity in the ocean. Isohel A line representing points receiving equal amounts of sunshine. Isohume A line representing points of equal humidity. Isohyet A line representing points of equal precipitation. Isoneph A line representing points of equal amounts of cloud cover. Isopectic A line representing points where ice begins to form at the same time each fall or winter. Isophene A line representing points where biological events occur at the same time, such as crops flowering. Isoplat A line representing points of equal acidity, as in acid precipitation. Isopleth A line representing points of equal numerical value, such as population. Isopor A line representing points of equal annual change in magnetic declination. Isostere A line representing points of equal atmospheric density. Isotac A line representing points where ice begins to melt at the same time each spring. Isotach A line representing points of equal wind speed. Isothere A line representing points of equal mean summer temperature. Isotherm A line representing points of equal temperature. Isotim |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"How many stars are on the new national flag of Libya?"
] | Newly Adopted Flags New National Flags National flags change over time and it is difficult for flag books to stay current. New national flags of the past ten years are shown below. All artwork is by Ralph Kelly unless otherwise stated. Paraguay The flag of Paraguay was altered on 15 July 2013 to show new drawings of the emblems. The front of the flag has the coat of arms, which has been simplified, and the reverse shows the revised Treasury arms. The introduction of new arms was one of the last acts of outgoing President Federico Franco. The drawing of the Paraguay arms has been altered on at least four occasions over the past 100 years and the latest change is intended to bring the design closer to its original form. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"How many gold medals did the USA win in the 2010 Winter Olympic Games?"
] | How many gold medals will the U.S. win? Sizing up the odds of the Sochi Olympics How many gold medals will the U.S. win? Sizing up the odds of the Sochi Olympics Jay Busbee Pin it Share The Olympics are here, and with them come thousands of opportunities for friendly wagers amongst friends. How many medals will the United States win? Will the Jamaican bobsled team crash? Bovada has crafted odds for almost every conceivable scenario, and we've got a few of them right here. (All lines are for entertainment purposes only, unless you win big, in which case we'll expect a cut.) The U.S. is a 5/2 favorite to win the most gold medals (wager $2 to win $5), but those aren't the best odds. Norway is actually a 6/5 favorite to win the most golds at the Winter Games, which makes a lot of sense, if you think about it. Germany is 7/1, Russia and Canada are 9/1, and then it's a long dropoff to the next nation. The over-under for total gold medals earned by the U.S. stands at 10.5. But what if you're into quantity over quality? Then the Americans take the lead; the United States is a 1/1 favorite to win the most medals overall. Norway is just behind at 9/5, with the other three big-dog nations (Germany, Russia, Canada) following close behind. [ Related: Olympic medal predictions ] You can get a sense of what oddsmakers believe will occur, or what oddsmakers believe bettors want to occur, by taking a close look at some of the more focused lines. For instance, the Canadian and U.S. women's hockey teams are overwhelming favorites with nearly identical odds of 5/6 and 10/11, respectively. Nobody else is anywhere closer than 18/1. On the men's side, Canada and Russia stand at 2/1 and 9/4, respectively. Of note: the men's odds were set before the announcement of Steven Stamkos' absence, and likely will change as a result. Stamkos was predicted to be one of the top goal scorers at 8/1 to lead overall; only Alex Ovechkin (6/1) edged him. Sidney Crosby (9/1) and Patrick Kane (10/1) are close behind. [ Related: Lightning star Stamkos to miss Olympics ] In the stranger bets, you can lay money on Jamaica to crash, if you're so inclined; that's a 3/1 play. (The team is 50/1 odds to win a medal.) In the figure skating arena, the United States' female skaters are not even close to favorites. Ashley Wagner is 18/1 and Gracie Gold is 25/1 to win gold. In skiing, Team USA's Ted Ligety has far better odds, 10/11 to win gold. ____ Jay Busbee is a writer for Yahoo Sports. Have a tip? Email him at [email protected] or follow him on Twitter. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Chiswick Eyot is a small island in which body of water in England?"
] | explorion.net • Travel & Exploration • The Naturalist on the Thames • CHISWICK EYOT England It has been said that Thames eyots always seem to have been put in place by a landscape gardener. Chiswick Eyot is no exception to the rule. It covers nearly four acres of ground, and lies like a long ship, parallel with the ancient terrace of Chiswick Mall, from which it is separated by a deep, narrow stream, haunted by river-birds, and once a famous fishery. A salmon, perhaps the last, was caught between the eyot and Putney in 1812, though the rent of the fishery used to be paid in salmon, when it was worked by the good Cavalier merchant, Sir Nicholas Crispe. The close-time for the fishery was observed regularly at the beginning of the century, the fishing commencing on January 1st, and ending on September 4th. There are those who believe that with the increased purification of the Thames, the next generation may perhaps throw a salmon-fly from Chiswick Eyot. In the early summer of 1895 a fine porpoise appeared above the island. At half-past eight it followed the ebb down the river, having "proved" the stream for forty miles from its mouth, and being apparently well pleased with its condition. At Putney it lingered, as might be expected of a Thames porpoise, opposite a public-house. Two sportsmen went out in a boat to shoot it; instead, they hit some spectators on the bank. Flowers abound on the eyot. The irises have all been taken, but what was the lowest clump, opposite Syon House, has lost its pride of place, for now there are some by the Grove Park Estate below Kew Bridge. The centre of the eyot is yellow with patches of marsh-marigold in the hot spring days. Besides the marsh-marigolds there are masses of yellow camomile, comfrey, ragged robin, and tall yellow ranunculus, growing on the muddy banks and on the sides of the little creeks among the willows, and a vast number of composite flowers of which I do not know the names. Common reeds are also increasing there, with big water-docks, and on the edge of the cam-shedding of the lawn which fronts my house some of the tallest giant hemlocks which I have ever seen, have suddenly appeared. I notice that in Papworth's views of London, published in 1816, arrowhead is seen growing at the foot of the Duke of Buckingham's water-gate, which is now embedded at the back of the embankment gardens at Charing Cross. There is still plenty of it opposite Hammersmith Mall, half a mile below Chiswick Eyot. The reach opposite and including the eyot is the sole piece of the natural London river which remains interesting, and largely unspoilt. I trust that if urban improvers ever want to embank the "Mall" or the eyot, public opinion will see its way to keeping this unique bit of the London river as it is. Already there have been proposals for a tram-line running all the length of the Mall, either at the front or behind it. The island belongs to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. There is a certain sense of the country about the eyot, because it is rated as agricultural land, though its lower end is inside the London boundary. The agriculture pursued on it is the growing of osiers. These, frequently inundated by high tides, and left dry when the ebb begins, are some of the finest on the Thames. At the present moment (January 5, 1902) they are being cut and stacked in bundles. In the spring the grass grows almost as fast between the stumps as do the willow shoots. This is cut by men who make it part of the year's business to sell to the owners of the small dealers' carts and to costers. Formerly, when cows were kept in London, it was cut for their use. During the year of the Great Exhibition milk was very scarce, and this grass, which was excellent for the stable-fed cows, fetched great prices. In the summer the willows, full of leaf, and exactly appropriate to the flat lacustrine outline of the eyot and the reach, are full of birds, though the reed-warbler does not always return. He was absent last year. He is locally supposed to begin his song with the words "Chiswick Eyot! Chiswick Eyot!" which |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What does Italian company Aprilia manufacture?"
] | Aprilia Motorcycles - Motorcycle USA Aprilia Motorcycles Home Aprilia Motorcycles Aprilia set up shop in Noale after WWII, with founder Alberto Beggio’s company originally producing bicycles. The second generation Beggio, son Ivano, saw the introduction of motorized bikes in 1968 with small-displacement mopeds like the Colibri and Daniela. Aprilia currently manufactures high-performance street motorcycles including the supermoto Dorsoduro, Tuono streetfighter and RSV4 superbike, with the latter model enjoying wide success in the World Superbike series. Aprilia Motorcycle Videos 2012 Superbike Smackdown IX Track Shootout Video *This video and test was originally published June 25, 2012. In the spirit of #throwbackthursday, we present a combined, full-length installment of MotoUSA’s 2012 Superbike Smackdown IX Shootout, at the racetrack, featuring Aprilia’s RSV4 Factory, BMW’s S1000RR, Ducati’s 1199 Panigale, Honda’s CBR1000RR, Kawasaki’s Ninja ZX-10R, KTM’s RC8R, MV Agusta’s F4R, Suzuki’s GSX-R1000, and Yamaha’s YZF-R1. […] |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Who wrote the novel ‘The Mayor of Castorbridge’?"
] | The Mayor of Casterbridge (TV Movie 2003) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Mayor of Casterbridge ( 2003 ) 3h 16min At a country fair, young hay-trusser Michael Henchard quarrels with his wife Susan, and in a drunken fit decides to auction off his wife and baby to a sailor for five guineas. The next day,... See full summary » Director: a list of 37 titles created 07 Dec 2011 a list of 39 titles created 05 Apr 2012 a list of 30 titles created 26 May 2014 a list of 21 titles created 03 Sep 2015 a list of 29 titles created 7 months ago Title: The Mayor of Casterbridge (TV Movie 2003) 7.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards » Photos Based on a little known 1848 novel by Anne Bronte, Tara Fitzgerald stars as an enigmatic young woman who moves to 19th Century Yorkshire with a young son. Distancing herself from everyone ... See full summary » Stars: Toby Stephens, Tara Fitzgerald, Rupert Graves A free-spirited yet naive country girl is caught between her wealthy, manipulative "cousin" Alec and the handsome, educated farmer Angel Clare in this Victorian tragedy from novelist Thomas Hardy. Director: Ian Sharp Our Mutual Friend (TV Mini-Series 1998) Drama Intertwining tales of love, greed, and secret identities in Charles Dickens's 1860s London. Stars: Paul McGann, Keeley Hawes, Dominic Mafham Vanity Fair (TV Mini-Series 1998) Drama | Romance An adaptation of William Makepeace Thackeray's classic story of parvenue Becky Sharp's rise from obscure & humble origins to her subsequent ignominious fall from Society; set amongst the ... See full summary » Stars: Natasha Little, Frances Grey, Philip Glenister Berkeley Square (TV Mini-Series 1998) Drama Three young women from very different backgrounds meet, become friends and share experiences when they all gain positions as nannies in the wealthy households of London's exclusive Berkeley Square. Stars: Victoria Smurfit, Clare Wilkie, Tabitha Wady Catherine Sloper has found the man of her dreams in Morris Townsend, but her plans to marry him are strongly opposed by her father, who believes Townsend is only interested in his daughter ... See full summary » Director: Agnieszka Holland At the center of the story is Augustus Melmotte, a European-born city financier, whose origins are as mysterious as his business dealings. Trollope describes him as 'something in the city',... See full summary » Stars: David Suchet, Matthew Macfadyen, Cillian Murphy This Masterpiece Theatre production, set at the cusp of the Industrial Revolution, chronicles the life, loves, foibles and politics of the fictional English town of Middlemarch. Adapted ... See full summary » Stars: Juliet Aubrey, Douglas Hodge, Robert Hardy Daniel Deronda (TV Mini-Series 2002) Drama | History | Romance Set in Victorian London, Gwendolen Harleth is drawn to Daniel Deronda, a selfless and intelligent gentleman of unknown parentage, but her own desperate need for financial security may destroy her chance at happiness. Stars: Jodhi May, Edward Fox, Amanda Root The Glass Virgin (TV Mini-Series 1995) Drama | Romance Set in 1870s England, the story tells of Annabella Lagrange and the terrible secret her wealthy parents have kept from her. When she finally learns the truth, she runs away and eventually ... See full summary » Stars: Jan Graveson, Christine Kavanagh, Brendan Coyle In a drunken and disheartened state, Michael Henchard sells his wife at a fair. When he becomes sober again he realises what he has done, and though unable to find his wife and child, ... See full summary » Stars: Alan Bates, Janet Maw, Jack Galloway In this lighthearted romance from Victorian novelist Thomas Hardy, the beautiful new village school teacher is pursued by three suitors: a working-class man, a |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Pitch and Putt is a form of which game?"
] | Pitch N' Putt Golf | Top Golf Games Pitch N' Putt Golf Top Golf Games » Pitch N' Putt Golf Rate Pitch N' Putt Golf: Rating: 4.2/5 stars (25 ratings) Pitch N' Putt Golf Instructions Pitch N' Putt Golf is controlled by using the keyboard. Press spacebar once to start the power bar, a second time to stop the power bar and set your shot's power, and a third time to set the loft and hit the ball. The arrow keys are used to look around the course. More Games Silly Golf Pitch N' Putt Golf Walkthrough Pitch N' Putt Golf is a challenging golf game that is based on the sport of pitch and putt. Pitch N' Putt Golf features smooth graphics, an easy-to-learn control scheme, and nine holes that range in difficulty from simple to extremely challenging! Pitch N' Putt Golf follows the rules of pitch and putt, which are in turn similar to those of golf. The main differences between pitch and putt (and this Flash golf game based on it) is the length of holes, which are much shorter on average in pitch and putt, and the fact that in pitch and putt a player can only carry three clubs rather than a full bag of fourteen. Your objective is still to get the ball into the hole in as few strokes as possible. You should try to get the ball into the hole in the par number of strokes or less on each of the nine holes. Pitch N' Putt Golf features a simple control scheme that uses only the spacebar to control your swing. Press the spacebar once to start the power meter (displayed adjacent to your golfer). Pressing the spacebar again stops the power bar. You will have to press the spacebar one final time to control the downswing and direction of your stroke. Stopping the bar dead-center on the white line at the bottom of the gauge will balance loft and distance. Stopping the bar early will give a high loft and backspin, while stopping it later will hit the ball with a shallow loft that will cause a greater forward roll and more distance. It should be noted that if you allow the bar to reach either of its limits, you will not have to press the spacebar to stop it in that direction, but your stroke may have results that are less-than-desirable. You may also use the arrow keys to look around the hole in this golf game. I advise you to do this before each stroke (especially your first stroke) so that you can plan your shot carefully. Knowing the contours of the hole and using them in your favor will increase your chances of success in this golf game and improve your score. Pitch N' Putt Golf is a challenging golf game (technically, pitch and putt game) with beautiful graphics and simple controls, making it ideal for gamers of all skill levels and ages. If you are looking for a relaxing sports game to pass the time, Pitch N' Putt Golf is just the game for you! Top 10 Golf Games |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which coastal town in North Yorkshire, England, is twinned with Port Stanley in the Falkland Islands?"
] | Visitor UK Whitby - Tourist info for Whitby, North Yorkshire Search: Welcome to Whitby Whitby is located on the north-east coast of North Yorkshire at the mouth of the River Esk, approximately 252 miles north of London and 20 miles north of Scarborough. The town has a population of around 14,000. Administratively it is within the Borough of Scarborough which covers an area of approximately 816 sq kms and which has a population of around 107,000. It is a thriving port and seaside resort for the north of England, steeped in history and renowned for its associations with Bram Stoker's 'Dracula'. The town is divided by the river, the old town, on the East Cliff, is a place of steep narrow streets and alleys, and contrasts to the mostly Victorian development of West Cliff which runs along the sands. There are some notable historic buildings, including the ruins of the 13th century Whitby Abbey originally founded in the 7th century, and the home of the famous navigator Captain James Cook in Grape Lane. Whitby has many visitor attractions in and around the town and it is a good base for walkers wishing to explore the Cleveland Way. The town's history dates from Saxon times when a monastery was built on the east cliff in 657 AD by Oswy, the Christian Saxon King of Northumbria. In 867, Danish Vikings landed two miles west of Whitby at Raven's Hill, and moved on to attack the settlement and to destroy the monastery. It was only after the Norman Conquest of 1066 that William de Percy ordered that the monastery be refounded (1078), dedicating it to St. Peter and St. Hilda. Its fine natural harbour, one of the few on the east coast, gave it early importance as a place of refuge and a fishing port. By the mid-7th century a royal monastery was established on the east cliff. Ruled for many years by the famous Abbess Hilda, it was destroyed by the Vikings, then rebuilt by the Norman, Reinfrid. The Middle Ages saw quiet growth but the 17th century brought great prosperity, with shipbuilding on a scale out of all proportion to its size, serving the coal trade between the Tyne and the Thames, with many of the sturdy 'colliersâ built and owned here; and the rapid growth of whaling, with similar implications. Indeed, Captain Cookâs four ships, used on his great voyages of exploration, were all built here. Historically the town's economy was based upon fishing, whaling. The modern Port of Whitby, strategically placed for shipping to Europe, with very good proximity to the Scandinavian countries, is capable of handling a wide range of cargoes including grain, steel products, timber and potash. Vessels of up to 3000 tonnes DWT are received on a routine basis the Wharf, which has the capability of loading/unloading two ships simultaneously. 5000 sq metres of dock space is currently (2004) allocated for storage of all-weather cargo and a further 1600 sq metres of warehouse space is reserved for weather-critical goods storage. Originally the town was known as Presteby, meaning the habitation of Priests in Old Norse, then Hwytby. Then it became Whiteby, meaning the "white settlement" in Old Norse, probably from the colour of the houses and, finally, Whitby. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"How many commandments does the Jewish Torah contain?"
] | Judaism 101: A List of the 613 Mitzvot (Commandments) A List of the 613 Mitzvot (Commandments) Level: Advanced Jewish tradition teaches that there are 613 commandments This is the list of 613 identified by Rambam The order and organization is my own Below is a list of the 613 mitzvot (commandments). It is based primarily on the list compiled by Rambam in the Mishneh Torah, but I have consulted other sources as well. As I said in the page on halakhah , Rambam's list is probably the most widely accepted list, but it is not the only one. The order is my own, as are the explanations of how some rules are derived from some biblical passages. For each mitzvah, I have provided a citation to the biblical passage or passages from which it is derived, based primarily on Rambam. For commandments that can be observed today, I have also provided citations to the Chafetz Chayim's Concise Book of Mitzvot (CCA refers to affirmative commandments; CCN refers to negative commandments; CCI refers to commandments that only apply in Israel ). Commandments that cannot be observed today primarily relate to the Temple , its sacrifices and services (because the Temple does not exist) and criminal procedures (because the theocratic state of Israel does not exist). G-d To know that G-d exists (Ex. 20:2; Deut. 5:6) (CCA1). See What Do Jews Believe? . Not to entertain the idea that there is any god but the Eternal (Ex. 20:3) (CCN8). See What Do Jews Believe? . Not to blaspheme (Ex. 22:27; in Christian texts, Ex. 22:28), the penalty for which is death (Lev. 24:16) (negative). To love G-d (Deut. 6:5) (CCA3). See What Do Jews Believe? . To fear Him reverently (Deut. 6:13; 10:20) (CCA4). Not to put the word of G-d to the test (Deut. 6:16) (negative). To imitate His good and upright ways (Deut. 28:9) (CCA6). Torah To honor the old and the wise (Lev. 19:32) (CCA17). To learn Torah and to teach it (Deut. 6:7) (CCA14). See Torah . To cleave to those who know Him (Deut. 10:20) (the Talmud states that cleaving to scholars is equivalent to cleaving to Him) (CCA16). Not to add to the commandments of the Torah, whether in the Written Law or in its interpretation received by tradition (Deut. 13:1) (CCN159). See Torah . Not to take away from the commandments of the Torah (Deut. 13:1) (CCN160). See Torah . That every person shall write a scroll of the Torah for himself (Deut. 31:19) (CCA15). See Torah . Signs and Symbols To circumcise the male offspring (Gen. 17:12; Lev. 12:3) (CCA47) See Brit Milah: Circumcision . To put tzitzit on the corners of clothing (Num. 15:38) (CCA10). See Tzitzit and Tallit . To bind tefillin on the head (Deut. 6:8) (CCA9). See Tefillin . To bind tefillin on the arm (Deut. 6:8) (CCA8). See Tefillin . To affix the mezuzah to the doorposts and gates of your house (Deut. 6:9) (CCA12). See Mezuzah . Prayer and Blessings To pray to G-d (Ex. 23:25; Deut. 6:13) (according to the Talmud , the word "serve" in these verses refers to prayer) (CCA7). See Prayers and Blessings ; Jewish Liturgy . To read the Shema in the morning and at night (Deut. 6:7) (CCA11). See Jewish Liturgy . To recite grace after meals (Deut. 8:10) (CCA13). See Birkat Ha-Mazon: Grace After Meals Not to lay down a stone for worship (Lev. 26:1) (CCN161). Love and Brotherhood To love all human beings who are of the covenant (Lev. 19:18) (CCA60). See Love and Brotherhood . Not to stand by idly when a human life is in danger (Lev. 19:16) (CCN82). See Love and Brotherhood . Not to wrong any one in speech (Lev. 25:17) (CCN48). See Speech and Lashon Ha-Ra . Not to carry tales (Lev. 19:16) (CCN77). See Speech and Lashon Ha-Ra . Not to cherish hatred in one's heart (Lev. 19:17) (CCN78). See Love and Brotherhood . Not to take revenge (Lev. 19:18) (CCN80). Not to bear a grudge (Lev. 19:18) (CCN81). Not to put any Jew to shame (Lev. 19:17) (CCN79). Not to curse any other Israelite (Lev. 19:14) (by implication: if you may not curse those who cannot hear, you certainly may not curse those who can) (CCN45). Not to give occasion to the simple-minded to stumble on t |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Donwell Abbey is the home of George Knightly in which novel by Jane Austen?"
] | George Knightley | The Jane Austen Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Emma Woodhouse George Knightley is a main character in Jane Austen's Emma . He is the older brother of John Knightley , and knows the Woodhouse family of Hartfield very closely. He is a wealthy landowner, whose seat is Donwell Abbey , a mile away from the village of Highbury and Hartfield estate. Character traits Edit A kind and compassionate person, Mr Knightley portrays good judgment, high moral character and maturity in contrast to Emma's adolescent personality. One incident which displays this is his disappointment when he sees Emma insult Miss Bates, a spinster of modest means. Mr. Knightley's later reprimand of Emma also demonstrates his affection and esteem for her as a friend. Another incident which shows his quality is his anger with Emma for persuading Harriet Smith to refuse Robert Martin's proposal of marriage, Martin being in Knightley's eyes an eminently suitable mate for Harriet. In the course of the story, Emma falls briefly in love with a young, handsome man named Frank Churchill. Mr. Knightley's jealousy is implied, and he makes several negative remarks about Churchill. It is later revealed that Mr. Knightley was afraid that Frank has had a negative influence on Emma. Frank Churchill's guardian—his aunt—dies, and he is now free to publicize his engagement to Jane Fairfax, which had been kept secret to avoid his aunt's disapproval. Emma is shocked, but realizes she had never really had romantic sentiments towards Frank Churchill. Nevertheless, she worries that Harriet has feelings for Frank, but soon discovers that Harriet has become infatuated with Mr. Knightley. Notes and references |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The ‘Wisden Almanack’ relates to which sport?"
] | Words on the Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack Words on the Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack Nothing captures the spirit of cricket quite like its 150-year-old annual Read next by: Matthew Engel England’s Andrew Flintoff consoles Australia’s Brett Lee during the memorable 2005 Ashes series The word “unique” has been devalued by its overuse in the media – by sports journalists in particular – along with many other words such as “tragedy”, “genius”, “brilliant”, “fury” and “refute”. Next week, however, is a landmark in the history of a truly unique sporting institution: Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack, founded in 1864, will be publishing its 150th edition. And few other organisations have worked harder to ensure that words such as “unique” are used only when appropriate. In the countries where cricket is important (and, since India is one of them, they include almost a third of the global population) the word “Wisden” conjures instant recognition. “He’s a walking Wisden,” one might say of someone crammed full of cricketing facts. “The Bible of cricket,” it is called to the point of cliché – to which one former editor would reply that maybe the Bible was the Wisden of religion. It is also described as infallible – frequently and erroneously. I know about its fallibility because I was that former editor – for 12 years, in two separate terms between 1993 and 2007 – and was associated with it for almost 20. Every one of the book’s mistakes was like a hammer-blow to me: we will come to the story of the “Wisden willie” later. However, the book does work exceptionally (perhaps uniquely) hard to eliminate errors, which is one factor in its reputation. The original 1864 edition of Wisden Only one factor, though. At first sight, Wisden is a dauntingly fat book (1,584 pages in 2013), full of stats and small type about a complicated sport. It began as a 112-page pocket book and, although two of the dimensions have remained stable, you need a very wide pocket to contain it now. Deep too: the original edition cost an old shilling (5p) and this year’s retails at £50 – an increase that is 12 times the rate of inflation. The original edition looks useless: the scores it reported were mostly ancient, and the pages were eked out with bizarre extraneous matter such as the lengths of canals, the rules of quoits and the battles of the Wars of the Roses. One might also say that the 2013 Wisden is useless, since the gamut of statistical information is available free of charge from other sources on the internet. All of which is to miss the point. For a start, Wisden has actually been a spectacular hedge against inflation. The record price for an entire set of originals is £130,000. An 1864 edition alone can go for up to £25,000. In the pink, 1886 The chief reason for Wisden’s endurance is that it kept appearing. No. 23 failed to emerge in 1886, but it popped out a year later, along with the 1887, so that the chain remained unbroken. At the time, it was just one of several competing Victorian cricket almanacks. Its rivals withered; Wisden never missed again, even in wartime, when the match reports were fewer but the obituary voluminous. It was founded by John Wisden, a small (five-foot-nothing) but very skilful bowler known as “The Little Wonder” who eked out his earnings from the game by opening a “cricket and cigar depot”. The almanack was just an adjunct to what became a successful sporting equipment business. He died in 1884, aged only 57 and heirless, which could have been an obvious cue for the book’s disappearance. The 1916 edition, with a tribute to WG Grace Rescue came in the shape of a young man called Charles Pardon, who took over as editor, salvaged the 1886 edition and began pepping up the contents. And though Charles died even more prematurely, aged 40 in 1890, he was succeeded by his younger brother Sydney, who was to remain editor for 35 years. The Pardons just had an instinct. They created a book that at once strove to be authoritative, accurate and complete, yet encompassed a discreet whiff of showbiz. In 1889 Charles published the first sepia p |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In Greek mythology, who fired the arrow that hit Achilles in the heel?"
] | Facts About Achilles In Greek Mythology Achilles, The Greek Hero written by: Noreen Gunnell • edited by: SForsyth • updated: 1/23/2012 The Greek hero Achilles is known from the tale of the Trojan War and his vulnerable heel. Learn all about the Greek Mythology of Achilles. slide 1 of 6 Hear the name Achilles and most people will think of Brad Pitt, the Trojan War, or someone's weakness, a.k.a. an "Achilles Heel." However, not everyone knows how his story fits into Greek Mythology. While it's counterintuitive to deem anything associated with mythology a fact, this study guide reviews most of the important facts about Achilles in Greek Mythology. Like many figures in Greek Mythology , Achilles story begins before he is even born. Achilles mother was a sea-nymph named Thetis whose beauty tempted the ever-philandering god Zeus. Having been warned by Prometheus that he would be dethroned by a child born to him and Thetis, Zeus forced Thetis to marry a mortal in order to remove the temptation. slide 2 of 6 Saved From Evil Fate Thetis and her husband, Peleus, had six children before Achilles. The first six were thrown into fire by their mother in an effort to burn out their mortality. The seventh child was saved from this fate by his father and eventually Thetis accepted the child and grew to love him. She called him Achilles and, wanting to protect him from his human frailty, took him to the River Styx which was believed to convey immortality. Thetis held him by his heel and submerged the infant Achilles. All but the heel she held were suffused with inordinate strength, hence, Achilles heel. Achilles was educated by Chiron, a centaur who lived on Mt. Pelion and was revered for his wisdom. Achilles grew strong, handsome, and well versed in the strategies of war and peace. When the call came for Greece's greatest warriors to amass and avenge the taking of Melenaus's wife, Helen, by the Trojan Prince Paris, a fretful Thetis rushed her son off to the island of Skyros disguised as a girl. While hiding on Skyros, Achilles fathers a son with the king's daughter Deidameia. Eventually, Achilles whereabouts became unveiled and Odysseus weeded him out with a cunning ploy; he sent gifts of jewelry and trinkets to the women's lodgings that included armor and a sword. News of young woman practicing with the weapons brought emissaries to insist Achilles join the war. slide 3 of 6 The Trojan War The Iliad by Homer tells only a fraction of the story of the war. The war lasted nine years, while Homer's epic recounts events from only the last year. Achilles's tale begins much earlier when he joins the fleet of Greek warriors setting sail for the Trojan shores as commander of a feared force known as the Myrmidons of Thessaly. For much of the war, Achilles is at odds with Agamemnon, king of Mycenae and supreme commander of all the Greek forces. The heart of the dispute, just like that of the war itself, is a woman. During the course of the long war Briseis, a Trojan woman, was taken as booty and given to Achilles as a concubine and he cherished her for her beauty. Similarly, Agamemnon's mistress Chryseis, the daughter of a priest of Apollo, was taken in one of the cities of the Troad. After refusing a ransom demand from Chryseis's father, Apollo inflicted Agamemnon's troops with a plague. The seer Calchas advised Agamemnon to appease the god by returning the girl; he capitulated but his price was Briseis. An enraged Achilles conceded, as it was the supreme commander's right, but audibly vowed the Myrmidons would no longer fight for Agamemnon. slide 4 of 6 Immortal Interference Achilles recruited the aid of his mother who, in turn, went to Zeus. He caused Agamemnon to dream of victory by aggressively moving his army forward. Agamemnon tried this and was met by Hector, the brother of Paris. A fight between Paris and Menelaus was suggested. The two faced each other in the no-man's-land between the forces; Menelaus was winning until Aphrodite, who always favored Paris, surrounded the Trojan in a protective |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"‘I’ll Be There For You’ by The Rembrandts is the theme tune to which US tv comedy series?"
] | THE REMBRANDTS LYRICS - I'll Be There For You (Theme From Friends) "I'll Be There For You (Theme From Friends)" lyrics THE REMBRANDTS LYRICS "I'll Be There For You (Theme From Friends)" So no one told you life was gonna be this way Your job's a joke, you're broke, your love life's D.O.A. It's like you're always stuck in second gear When it hasn't been your day, your week, your month, or even your year, but I'll be there for you (When the rain starts to pour) I'll be there for you (Like I've been there before) I'll be there for you ('Cause you're there for me too) You're still in bed at ten and work began at eight You've burned your breakfast, so far things are going great Your mother warned you there'd be days like these But she didn't tell you when the world has brought you down to your knees that I'll be there for you (When the rain starts to pour) I'll be there for you (Like I've been there before) I'll be there for you ('Cause you're there for me too) No one could ever know me No one could ever see me Seems you're the only one who knows what it's like to be me Someone to face the day with, make it through all the rest with Someone I'll always laugh with Even at my worst, I'm best with you, yeah! It's like you're always stuck in second gear When it hasn't been your day, your week, your month, or even your year I'll be there for you (When the rain starts to pour) I'll be there for you (Like I've been there before) I'll be there for you ('Cause you're there for me too) I'll be there for you (When the rain starts to pour) I'll be there for you (Like I've been there before) I'll be there for you ('Cause you're there for me too) |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which British politician wrote the 1880 novel ‘Endymion’?"
] | Endymion - Benjamin Disraeli - Google Books Benjamin Disraeli 0 Reviews https://books.google.com/books/about/Endymion.html?id=aS2QXxCuPkcC Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC (21 December 1804 - 19 April 1881) was an English statesman and literary figure. He served in government for three decades, twice as Prime Minister - the first and thus far only person of Jewish descent to do so, although Disraeli was baptised in the Anglican Church at an early age. Disraeli's most lasting achievement was the creation of the modern Conservative Party after the Corn Laws schism of 1846. Although a major figure in the protectionist wing of the Conservative Party after 1846, Disraeli's relations with the other leading figures in the party, particularly Lord Derby, the overall leader, were often strained. Not until the 1860s would Derby and Disraeli be on easy terms, and the latter's succession of the former assured. From 1852 onwards Disraeli's career would also be marked by his often intense rivalry with William Ewart Gladstone, who eventually rose to become leader of the Liberal Party. In this duel, Disraeli was aided by his warm friendship with Queen Victoria, who came to detest Gladstone during the latter's first premiership in the 1870s. In 1876 Disraeli was raised to the peerage as the Earl of Beaconsfield, capping nearly four decades in the House of Commons. He died in 1881. Before and during his political career Disraeli was well-known as a literary and social figure, although his novels are not generally regarded as belonging to the first rank of Victorian literature. He mainly wrote romances, of which Sibyl and Vivian Grey are perhaps the best-known today. He was and is unusual among British Prime Ministers for having gained equal social and political renown. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which company’s name is short for Durability, Reliability and Excellence?"
] | New chapter in the 81-year history of Durex - BBC News New chapter in the 81-year history of Durex By Will Smale News reporter, BBC News 21 July 2010 Close share panel Image caption All of Durex's condoms are now made in Asia For adults looking to earn some extra money, there was a job advertisment last year that may have tickled their fancy: tester for Durex condoms. Durex said it would pay 5,000 people across the UK £500 to help evaluate its latest range of products. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the unusual job offer made a few headlines. For a brand that for 81 years has been the best-selling condom in the UK, it was just the latest example of its skill at self-promotion. But now Durex is in the news for strictly business reasons, with the annoucement that its owner - UK group SSL International - has agreed to be bought by Anglo-Dutch consumer goods company Reckitt Benckiser for £2.54bn. With SSL's shareholders widely expected to back the deal, Reckitt says Durex will be added to its so-called "powerbrand" group of best-selling products, which includes Vanish stain remover and Finish dishwasher tablets. Ignoring the temptation to speculate whether doing domestic cleaning can have an aphrodisiac effect, it is the latest development in Durex's colourful history. 'Durable, reliable' Durex's origins go back to 1915 when the London Rubber Company was formed to sell imported condoms and barber supplies. Image caption Durex remains the world's biggest selling condom brand, with a market share of 30% Condom production eventually started in the UK, and the brand name Durex was born in 1929, standing for "durability, reliability and excellence". And soon Durex advertisements were a regular sight across the country. Despite some opposition to the product in question, the company was greatly helped by the Church of England ruling in 1930 that birth control could be used by married couples. At the forefront of advancements in condom manufacturing, Durex dipped its condoms in water to test for breakages, and extended this in 1953 by introducing electronic testing. Fast forward to 1969 and it introduced the world's first anatomically shaped condom, while in 1974 it produced the first to be spermicidally lubricated. Fraud scandal However, it was the 1980s, and public awareness of HIV/Aids that brought Durex and other condom manufacturers to much greater prominence, as people became more aware of the dangers of unprotected sex. Image caption Durex is a long-established brand name in many countries This was also the time that supermarkets started to sell condoms, and vending machines were installed in pub toilets. With sales booming, London Rubber Company floated on the stock exchange in 1985, when it changed its name to London International. SSL International was formed in 1999 when London International merged with Seton Scholl Healthcare, the maker of Scholl footcare products. Yet while Durex was by now the world's best-selling condom brand, SSL faced financial difficulties in its early years, sparked by a fraud scandal in 2001. This resulted in an investigation by the Serious Fraud Office, and six people faced criminal charges. The charges were ultimately dismissed, but not before SSL had to issue a number of profit warnings, and saw its share price fall to all-time lows. 'Good fit' The London-based company has since recovered, with global sales of Durex continuing to rise as it targets China and other developing countries. Today, Durex remains the world's best-selling condom brand, with 30% of the branded market. However, all production now takes place in China, India and Thailand, with its last remaining UK condom factory ceasing manufacturing in 2007. With SSL and Durex now about to pass to Reckitt Benckiser, financial analyst Damian McNeela of Panmure Gordon told the BBC the deal was "a good fit". "SSL is getting a good price, and it makes an excellent strategic fit for Reckitt," he says. "One of the main attractions for Reckitt is SSL's big exposure to overseas markets. "I can't see anyone else coming in to better Reckitt's offer, w |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which writer had a pet cat called Caterina, that was the inspiration for his story ‘The Black Cat’?"
] | CatStuff: A Few Famous Cat Lovers A FEW FAMOUS CAT LOVERS This article researched and compiled by Glenda Moore. Please do not redistribute this article. A-C Cleveland Amory (1917-1998) Author and animal rights promoter Amory devoted his life to promoting animal rights. He was best known for his books about his cat Polar Bear, whom he rescued from New York streets on Christmas Eve, 1977. Amory co-founded the Humane Society of the United States and founded the Fund for Animals. He was also the president of NEAVS (New England Anti Vivisection Society) from 1987 to 1998. Ian Anderson (1947- ) Musician Ian, of the classic rock band Jethro Tull, is a cat lover. A page on the official Jethro Tull webpage is dedicated to his writings about cats. Marie Antoinette (1755-1793) Archduchess of Austria and the Queen of France and Navarre King Louis XVI and wife, Marie Antoinette, allowed their Angora cats to roam about the tables during court gatherings. Legend has it that six of her beloved white Angora cats arrived by ship in Maine, USA in the ship she had intended for her escape during the French revolution. Pope Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger, 1927- ) Reigning head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City State His cat Chico, a black-and-white domestic short hair, continues to live at the pope’s home in Tübingen, Germany (pets are not allowed in the Vatican). Cardinal Roger Mahony, archbishop of Los Angeles, who was in Rome for the pope’s inauguration, says “The street talk that the pope loves cats is incorrect. The pope adores cats.” (no image Sultan El Daher Beybars, who was devoted to cats, bequeathed a garden known as Gheyt-el-Quoltah (the cats' orchard) near his mosque in Cairo for the support of homeless cats. The tradition continues to this day. At the time of afternoon prayer each day, meat is brought into the center of the garden, and cats from all over the city come for their share. Alexander Borodin (1833-1887) Russian classical composer and chemist Borodin had many cats, one of which - Ryborov - learned to fish through holes in the ice in winter. ('Ryborov' means 'fisherman'.) Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855); Emily Bronte (1818-1848); Anne Bronte (1820-1849) Authors The three sisters were well-known as cat lovers. Their novels and poetry often showed their relationships with their felines. Charlotte and Anne often referred to their cats in their diaries. George Burns (1896-1996) American comedian, actor, and producer George Burns called his cat "Willie," reportedly because "when you tell the cat what to do, there's always a question of will he or won't he." Lord George Byron (1788-1824) Poet An lifelong friend, Poet Percy Shelley, once commented that Byron's "eight enormous dogs, three monkeys, five cats, an eagle, a crow, ... a falcon, five peacocks, two guinea hens, and an Egyptian crane; and all these, except the horses, walk about the house ..." Raymond Chandler (1888-1959) Author (Phillip Marlowe private eye novels) Chandler talked to his black Persian, Taki, as though she was human and called her his secretary because she sat on his manuscripts as he tried to revise them. He stated, "A cat never behaves as if you were the only bright spot in an otherwise clouded existence...this is another way of saying that a cat is not a sentimentalist, which does not mean that it has no affection." Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965) British politician (notably, UK prime minister during World War II) Churchill's marmalade cat Jock slept with his master, shared his dining table, and attended numerous war-time Cabinet meetings. If Jock was late for meals, Churchill would send servants to find him, waiting to eat til the cat was present. Jock was said to have been with his master when he died. Churchill also had a cat, Nelson, named after the famous British admiral. Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (1889–1963) French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, boxing manager and filmmaker Cocteau is best known for his 1929 novel Les enfants terribles, the 1929 play Les parents terribles, and the 1946 |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In the US tv series ‘Seinfeld’, there is supposedly a reference to which comic-book hero in every episode?"
] | Seinfeld Episode Guide Seinfeld Episode Guide 1. The Seinfeld Chronicles gs: Lee Garlington (Claire) Pamela Brull (Laura) A girl Jerry met on the road wants to stay with him when she comes to New York. George thinks that she is just using Jerry as contingency plan. Hoffman (Kramer) comes by to borrow a couple of pieces of meat. The girl calls and asks Jerry if she can stay at his apartment for the night, when she arrives she asks to stay for another night. Jerry is disappointed when everything is going his way until he finds out she is engaged. b: 05-Jul-89 pc: 101 w: Larry David & Jerry Seinfeld d: Art Wolff NOTE: In this episode, Jerry refers to Kramer as Kessler, because we later learn in "The Betrayal" this was the name on the buzzer for Kramer's apartment. This also discounts the fact that Kramer has sublet the apartment from Paul Buchman from Mad About You in an episode of that series that aired after "The Virgin." I suppose that Buchman could have sublet the apartment to someone named Kessler before Kramer had moved in. As strange as Kramer can be, perhaps he thought it best to not let anyone know he lived there and never changed the name. In the first scene of this episode, Jerry comments George about the button on his shirt. He repeats this same comment in the last scene of the last episode! [Editor's Note: Yes, as I mention in the description of the final episode.] In this episode, the coffee shop Jerry and George go to is not Monk's. The exterior shot reads "Pete's". In the TV Guide entry for this episode, his character is credited as Hoffman. I assume that this is the way it appeared in the script somewhere along the way. There were probably a number of name changes for this character, while Kenny Kramer was deciding whether or not his name could be used. In this episode, Kramer/Kessler's apartment door is not there. In its place is a picture. Also, Kramer/Kessler has a dog in this episode. Even in the pilot episode, there is a Superman reference. When Jerry sits down to watch TV, he is wearing a bright blue pair of sweat pants, and a bright red sweatshirt. Didn't Kramer/Kessler also knock on Jerry's door in this episode? Check out Jerry's apartment in this episode! It's WAY different then it is in the other episodes! The walls are yellow, the kitchen cabinets are brown and are EMPTY! In the other episodes, the walls and cabinets are blue and the cabinets are filled with kitchen stuff. Another thing I should point out is Jerry has NO bedroom! In this episode all we see is a living room and a bathroom. In the other shows, Jerry has a bedroom and that and the bathroom are connected by a hallway which was also not present in the first episode. (Brandon) 2. The Stakeout gs: Lynn Clark (Vanessa) Phil Bruns (Morty Seinfeld) Liz Sheridan (Helen Seinfeld) Maud Winchester (Pamela) William Fair (Roger) Ron Steelman (Artie Levine) Joe George (Uncle Mac) Ellen Gerstein (Carol) Janet Rotblatt (Woman) Elaine brings Jerry to a birthday party where he meets a woman who fascinates him. Jerry doesn't know her name and wants to meet her again, so on some advice from his father, he and George stakeout the lobby of the building she works in. b: 31-May-90 pc: 103 w: Larry David & Jerry Seinfeld d: Tom Cherones NOTE: When this episode is shown in syndication, Phil Bruns still plays Jerry's dad (a role later assumed by Barney Martin). This is unlike George's dad, who was played by one actor, replaced by Jerry Stiller, and footage was re-shot with Jerry taking over the original dad's part in "The Handicap Spot". Viewer Mike Greenhaus reminds me that this is the first episode that George uses the name Art Vandelay. The name of Vandelay would be used again in "The Boyfriend" and many other episodes. Another viewer, Jeremy DeMai, also notes that George first mentions his fetish for wanting to be an architect. Viewer Ross Raniere remembers that when this episode was rerun on NBC, Jerry and Julia come on in a bumper before the show started. Jerry mentions how many episodes they've done so far, with Julia sitting next to him on the set's c |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which US singer/guitarist was on the ‘Winter Dance Tour’ when he was killed in a plane crash along with Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper?"
] | The Story of Rock's First Tragedy: Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and the Big Bopper Killed in Plane Crash REDDIT Hulton Archive, Getty Images Rock ‘n’ roll was still in its infancy when it suffered its first tragedy. On Feb. 3, 1959, three of its biggest stars — Buddy Holly , Ritchie Valens and J.P. Richardson, known as the Big Bopper — were killed in a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa. The three acts, along with Dion and the Belmonts, were on a package tour called the Winter Dance Party, which was to play 24 Midwestern cities in as many days. But the bus’ heating system was ill-equipped and broke down a few days later, which caused some musicians to catch the flu and Holly’s drummer Carl Bunch to be hospitalized for frostbite. By the time they reached the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake on Feb. 2, about a week and a half into the tour, Holly, after the show, decided to charter a plane from nearby Mason City to Fargo, N.D., just across the state line from their next gig in Moorhead, Minn. As a bonus, Holly would be able to do his laundry, which had been neglected since the tour began. The plane, a Beechwood Bonanza, had room for only three passengers — Holly and his band — and the pilot, Roger Peterson. Holly’s bass player, future country legend Waylon Jennings , gave up his seat to Richardson, who was ill. According to Jennings’ autobiography, Holly teased his bass player by saying, “Well, I hope your ol’ bus freezes up.” To which Jennings responded, “Well, I hope your ol’ plane crashes.” There are conflicting stories as to how Valens wound up in the third seat. Tommy Allsup, Holly’s guitarist, claimed that he lost a coin flip to Valens in the dressing room. In 2010, Dion DiMucci, who had been silent about that night for 51 years, claimed that he, not Allsup, was slated for the third seat because he was one of the headliners. But after winning the coin toss, he balked at paying $36 for the flight — the amount his parents paid in monthly rent for the apartment where he grew up — and gave Valens the seat. Local DJ Bob Hale, who was the MC for the concert, agrees that it was between Allsup and Valens, but that he, not Allsup, flipped the coin. Regardless of the contradictions, around 12:55AM on Feb. 3, the plane carrying Holly, Richardson and Valens took off in a snowstorm with strong winds. But the plane traveled only a few miles before crashing, killing all four men instantly. The federal investigation ruled that even though the weather played a large role in the accident, the 21-year-old Peterson was too inexperienced to have been flying in such conditions. In addition, he had most likely misread the altitude indicator, which was different than the one on which he had trained, and inadvertently brought the plane down instead of up. At the time, Holly’s wife of six months, Maria Elena, was two weeks pregnant. The day after the crash, she suffered a miscarriage from the emotional trauma. In March 1980, a long-missing piece of the plane crash was discovered. Holly’s signature black-rimmed glasses had landed in a snow bank and were discovered in the spring of 1959, after the snow melted. They were brought to the Cerro Gordo County Sheriff’s office, sealed in a manila envelope and forgotten about for 21 years. Upon discovery, the glasses were returned to his widow and are currently on permanent display at the Buddy Holly Center in his hometown of Lubbock, Texas. Rockers Who Died at Age 27 Image of |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"At which English racecourse was the Derby run during World War II?"
] | History of horse racing | Racing UK Apply Now Thursday 16 Feb Ascot Apply Now Saturday 18 Feb Wetherby Apply Now Tuesday 21 Feb Ludlow Apply Now Wednesday 22 Feb Huntingdon Apply Now Thursday 23 Feb Catterick Apply Now Tuesday 28 Feb Exeter Apply Now Tuesday 7 Mar Kempton Park Apply Now Saturday 18 Mar History of horse racing The history of organised, modern horse racing in Britain dates back to the 17th century. Prior to this date, evidence of the origins of horseracing is sketchy. There are records of horseracing during Roman times, and in the 12th century, racing is known to have taken place on public holidays at Smithfield in London, and at Chester, where records exist of Shrove Tuesday races. Horse racing first came under royal patronage during the reign of James I, when the monarch had a royal palace built near Newmarket - then an obscure village. Members of the Royal Court, who had developed a passion for horse racing in Scotland, helped to establish Newmarket as the home of organised horseracing in Britain. Public races were soon set up all over England. Many of the events were held at Bell Courses. They got this name because the prize for most races was usually a silver bell. King Charles I and Charles II maintained horse racing's royal patronage, and the royal association with Newmarket also continued. Charles II was perhaps the most enthusiastic racing royal. He competed in races himself, and founded a series of races known as Royal Plates. His connection with Newmarket survives to this day, because the Rowley Mile course near the town is derived from his nickname of Old Rowley - in turn after the name of his favourite hack. As horse racing became all the rage thanks to its royal connections, the breeding of racehorses developed very rapidly too. This was mainly thanks to the import of Arabian stallions, with which British mares were bred to create the forefathers of the Thoroughbred racehorses we see racing today. Around the middle of the 18th century, horse racing became the first regulated sport in Britain, thanks to the formation of the Jockey Club. Before this time, most horseraces took the format of match races (contested by just two horses), run over much longer distances then Flat racing today. Gradually, the emphasis on stamina was replaced by racing younger horses over shorter distances. The late 18th century saw the establishment of the Classic races which are still run today. The St Leger, the Oaks and the Derby were all founded between 1776 and 1780. The arrival of better transport links and other technological innovations in the 19th century led to horse racing becoming a sport watched by millions of people each year. Leading newspapers began to give horse racing far more coverage, and there was a marked increase in the volume of betting on races. The arrival of professional on-course bookmakers into the sport brought with it different challenges. The Jockey Club reacted by establishing high standards of order, discipline and integrity to ensure the sport continued to prosper. In the 20th century, horse racing was one of the only sports to continue during both world wars, albeit on a very limited scale. After World War Two, racecourses benefited from the introduction of many technical innovations, such as the photo finish (first used in 1947) and starting stalls for Flat races (1965). In 1961, betting away from racecourses became legalised, and the high street betting shop was born - dramatically increasing the volume of betting turnover. The arrival of the mass medium of television in the 1950s and 60s put the sport into the nation's living rooms, as horse racing became a regularly televised sport. Even today, horse racing is the second most widely televised sport after football. Thanks to www.britishhorseracing.com for this article |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is the name of the land where ‘Puff the Magic Dragon’ lived?"
] | Puff, The Magic Dragon Lyrics - Peter, Paul & Mary Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali Little Jackie Paper loved that rascal Puff And brought him strings and sealing wax and other fancy stuff Oh, Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali Together they would travel on a boat with billowed sail Jackie kept a lookout perched on Puff's gigantic tail Noble kings and princes would bow whene'er they came Pirate ships would lower their flags when Puff roared out his name Oh, Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali A dragon lives forever, but not so little boys Painted wings and giant's rings make way for other toys One gray night it happened, Jackie Paper came no more And Puff, that mighty dragon, he ceased his fearless roar His head was bent in sorrow, green scales fell like rain Puff no longer went to play along the cherry lane Without his lifelong friend, Puff could not be brave So Puff, that mighty dragon, sadly slipped into his cave Oh, Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Shami Chakrabati became the director of which British pressure group in 2003?"
] | Shami Chakrabarti: 'Liberty is about more than just one woman' | The Independent Profiles Shami Chakrabarti: 'Liberty is about more than just one woman' Monday Interview: The director of Liberty is as passionate – and optimistic – as the day she took up her job. Robert Chesshyre meets her Sunday 5 June 2011 23:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online It had been six years since I last sat face-to-face with Shami Chakrabarti, the director of Liberty, the civil rights pressure group. The venue was unchanged: her bunker-like office in Southwark, from where she has conducted one of the highest profile lobbying campaigns of the past decade. She will be 42 next week, and might politely be referred to now as a mature woman, no longer the firebrand who captured our television screens in the mid-Noughties. Articulate, impassioned and committed, she ran rings round the staid politicians, hobbled by their platitudes and handcuffed by party lines, who shared studios with her. And she blew away the kneejerk, rent-a-gob image from which Liberty (formerly the National Council for Civil Liberties) once suffered. When I started in journalism, a reporter could write the NCCL quotes before lifting the phone. Six years ago, I had feared that Chakrabarti might pitch forward out of her chair, so impassioned was she by the issues. The fire still burns, but her delivery is more measured. She is, after all, the wife of a City lawyer, mother of a nine-year-old son, chancellor of Oxford Brookes University, a governor of the London School of Economics (her alma mater), and the recipient of a CBE. Chakrabarti, who wears a green trouser suit, replacing the velvet jackets that were once her uniform, will move offices from her Southwark bunker to a converted music hall in Westminster. Liberty is growing; membership since Chakrabarti took charge eight years ago, has swollen from 7,000 to 11,000; its annual turnover has grown from £1m to £1.5m; its staff from 20 to 25; and its influence has flourished. Soon Chakrabarti is listing the policy successes of her time in office. "We have defeated proposals to lock people up for 42 days without charge; halted ID cards; had important victories on issues like stop-and-search. We are not alone, but, without sounding arrogant, we have led the field because we have been prepared to say difficult things before they became popular, and have won important arguments with reason, evidence and alternative ideas. "We have persuaded people from a broader spectrum of life and politics that our concerns should be their concerns. People are more alive to the importance of rights and freedoms than they were." However, and it is a huge "however", the failure to educate people to the universal nature of human rights and the manipulation of the "war on terror" have allowed politicians to concoct populist rows; denigrate independent judges (here and in Strasbourg) as "unelected"; attack the Human Rights Act as a pernicious protection for the undeserving; and throw a xenophobic blanket over the right to rights – "our" rights (good) versus "their" rights (usually bad). "When you explain the Human Rights Act, people are very supportive. But in the absence of effective education, it is easy for politicians and commentators to denigrate it. It is a quite wonderful piece of legislation that allows British judges to adjudicate on the basis of post-war human rights principles. But, the way things are going, it is possible that in the next few years the nation will be swindled out of their modern Bill of Rights." She blames the current mood on the wash created by the "worst excesses of war on terror" – in the US in particular – which gave rise to the idea that you take care of your own people at the expense of others. "People forget how interconnected the world is: we are all foreigners somewhere." It is the independent element in any constitution that guarantees people protection against tyranny. Chakrabarti says: "I am so surprised by the attack on judges for being unelected. Elsewhere we have seen governments come to pow |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The Cenotaph is situated in which London street?"
] | Cenotaph London | Nearby hotels, shops and restaurants | LondonTown.com Images Standing solemnly in the middle of Whitehall, visitors could be forgiven for passing the Cenotaph by unnoticed. But every November it becomes the focus of Britain's Remembrance Service (the closest Sunday to 11th November). The service commemorates the British Empire and Commonwealth servicemen who died in the two World Wars. The monarch, representatives of the Church, State, the armed and auxiliary forces, all gather to pay respect to those who lost their lives defending the freedom of others. Hymns are sung, prayers are said, and the two-minute silence is observed. Wreaths of poppies are then laid on the steps of the Cenotaph. The monument was originally built of wood and plaster for the first anniversary of the Armistice in 1919. The memorial you see today was designed by Edward Lutyens, it was created from Portland Stone and was unveiled one year later in 1920. The inscription simply reads "The Glorious Dead". � |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Murder on the Calais Coach’ was the US title of which novel?"
] | SparkNotes: Murder on the Orient Express: Key Facts Murder on the Orient Express Agatha Christie Study Questions and Suggested Essay Topics full title · Murder on the Orient Express or Murder on the Calais Coach author · Agatha Christie time and place written · 1925–1933, England date of first publication · 1933 publisher · Berkley Books narrator · Anonymous point of view · The narrator speaks in the third person, focusing on the thoughts and actions of Poirot. The narrator is fairly objective in her observations, but the text is peppered with juicy, subjective details of each character. All observations seem to be consistent with Poirot, what the narrator thinks is the same as Poirot. There is one instance that first person is used. In Chapter 3, Part three, there is a brief moment where the reader is privy to the comical thoughts of M.Bouc and Dr.Constantine. tone · The narrator is amused by the passengers aboard the Orient Express and seems to take pleasure in describing their predicament. tense · Present setting (time) · Winter, 1925–1933 setting (place) · The setting is first aboard a train headed to Stamboul, then Stamboul and then on a train from Stamboul to London, the Orient Express. protagonist · Hercule Poirot major conflict · A man is murdered aboard a train headed to London from Stamboul called the Orient Express. The morning after, the train gets stuck in the snow and it is up to Hercule Poirot to figure out which passenger was the murderer. rising action · Hercule Poirot goes to Stamboul and must return to London on business, he rides the Orient Express back to London, the train stops in a snow bank climax · Ratchett is murdered falling action · Poirot is asked to launch an investigation of passengers on the train; he interviews passengers, makes observations, and propounds two solutions. themes · The Justice of a Jury, The Insufficency of Law, The Morality of Murder motifs · Class, Americans, Identity symbols · Ratchett, Daisy, Food foreshadowing · Conversation overheard by Poirot between Mary Debenham and Colonel Arbuthnot on the way to Stamboul, Ratchett tells Poirot someone is going to murder him, Princess Dragomiroff tells Poirot her arms are not strong and looks at her arms. |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Square, Irish and Line all are types of which activity?"
] | Irish Dancing - Social and Competitive Irish Dancing By Treva Bedinghaus Updated December 20, 2015. Originating in Ireland, Irish dancing is a traditional dance form that includes both social and performance opportunities. It encompasses wide variety of styles for solo, pair, and group dances . Many people think of step dancing, such as that associated with the popular Riverdance, when they think of Irish dancing. However, this type of dancing includes many dances and variations of these dances that can be enjoyed and mastered beginning at a very young age. Social Irish Dancing Social Irish dancing can be divided into two styles, céilí and set dancing. Irish set dances are danced by four couples, or quadrilles, in a square formation. Céilí dances are danced by groups of dancers consisting of two to 16 members in various formations, or ceili. Social Irish dancing is extremely traditional, with variations of the dances found throughout the Irish dance communities. Performance Irish Dancing Traditionally referred to as "stepdance," performance Irish dancing became popular in 1994 with the creation of the world-famous show " Riverdance ." Performance Irish dancing is recognized by rapid leg movements accompanied by stationary upper bodies and arms. continue reading below our video 5 Home Accents & Accessories You Can DIY In competition, most performance stepdances are danced solo, characterized by a controlled upper body, straight arms, and precise movements of the feet. Performance Irish dancing can be performed in either soft shoes or hard shoes. Sean-nos Irish Dancing Traditional solo Irish dancing is commonly referred to as Sean-nos. Closely related to casual Irish stepdancing, Sean-nos is recognized by extremely low to the ground footwork, free arm movements, and battering steps that accompany the accented beats of the music. Sean-nos is usually danced by only one person, but can be danced in pairs or small groups. However, being a freeform dance style, there is no physical contact between the dancers and no set chareography or routines to follow. Ceili Irish Dancing Ceili Irish dancing is a popular form of folk dancing in Ireland. The term "ceili" refers to a social gathering featuring Irish music and dancing. Ceili Irish dancing can be performed in lines facing each other, circular formations, long line formations and quadrilles. A ceili dance may be performed with only two people, or as many as 16. Ceili Irish dancing closely resembles Irish stepdancing, with dancers performing on their toes. Unlike square dancing , ceili dances are generally not called by a caller. Irish Stepdancing Made popular by the world-famous show "Riverdance," Irish stepdancing is characterized by a stiff upper body and quick, precise movements of the feet. Stepdance competitions are very popular throughout the world. Most competitive stepdances are solo dances, but many stepdancers perform and compete in large or small groups. Solo Irish stepdances can be divided depending on the type of shoe worn: hard shoe and soft shoe dances. Irish stepdances include reels, slip jigs, hornpipes, and jigs. Traditional Irish costumes are worn by both social and competitive stepdancers. |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"A ‘Flying Mare’ is a term used in which sport?"
] | Flying mare - definition of flying mare by The Free Dictionary Flying mare - definition of flying mare by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/flying+mare Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . flying mare n. A wrestling throw in which one grabs one's opponent's wrist, turns one's back to the opponent, and flips the opponent over one's shoulder onto the ground. flying mare n (Wrestling) a wrestling throw in which a wrestler seizes his opponent's arm or head (flying head mare) and turns to throw him over his shoulder fly′ing mare′ n. a method of attack in which a wrestler grasps the opponent's wrist, turns in the opposite direction, and throws the opponent over the shoulder and down. [1745–55] |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is the square root of 196?"
] | what is the square root of 196... - Brainly.com This Is a Certified Answer × Certified answers contain reliable, trustworthy information vouched for by a hand-picked team of experts. Brainly has millions of high quality answers, all of them carefully moderated by our most trusted community members, but certified answers are the finest of the finest. The answer would be 14 because 14 times 14 = 196. Square roots are numbers that can multiply itself to equal a number. |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Sania Ramel Airport is in which North African country?"
] | Location Map of Sania Ramel Airport, Morocco Sania Ramel Airport's Address: |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"‘The Dong With a Luminous Nose’ was written by which poet?"
] | The Dong with the Luminous Nose by Edward Lear: Animated Poem - YouTube The Dong with the Luminous Nose by Edward Lear: Animated Poem Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on May 23, 2015 Something a bit different! I have spent a long time on this one, not everything turned out as smoothly as I wanted but I'm definitely improving. This is based around a poem written by Edward Lear and is one that my parents used to read to me as a child. I decided to use this as an opportunity to practice animating a character whilst considering their personality to help me create my own. My next few animations are going to be shorter with focuses on different styles and ideas to help me improve my animating skills, I may also do videos containing lots of short and maybe connected animations. I've got lots of ideas so more cartoon style stuff will be on its way soon. Category |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which mobile phone company has the motto ‘Connecting people’?"
] | Business Slogan 35: Connecting People | Versa Creations Marketing & Advertising Blog Business Slogan 35: Connecting People A carefully crafted business slogan speaks volumes of it’s brand value and promise, successfully. Before you click on the commercial, guess who used this famous 2-word slogan? The first time I saw Nokia’s ad with it’s new slogan, “Connecting People”, I sucked in my breath. Just 2 simple words but so much is being said in these two words written by Ove Strandberg in 1992. Nokia is all about mobile phones. However, with the aptly worded slogan “Connecting People”, the brand is telling us it is not merely selling a commodity called mobile phone. Nokia positioned itself as a bridge to close the distance between people. We can reach out to those who matter to us. A phone call is all it takes to communicate love, care, warmth, respect, longing and pining. A phone call is all it takes to dissolve any doubts, suspicions, quarrels and disputes. No matter where you are, you can solve problems and find solutions by reaching out to the people you need to connect with. The product is the means to an end. We want money not because of money itself but for the many, many pleasures we can get in return. This is exactly what Nokia is doing. The slogan is telling us Nokia is connected to us, and we are connected to other people because of the wonders of the Nokia phone. Nokia connects people across barriers and over distances. All these are achieved very elegantly and subtly in 2 simple words. A masterly stroke. In May 2007, Nokia defined its new values for the company. Based on employee suggestions, the new values were defined as: Engaging You, Achieving Together, Passion for Innovation and Very Human. They are perfectly in line with the “Connecting People” slogan. If you had clicked on the television commercial, you’ll see how Nokia connects people beautifully and romantically with “Will You Marry Me”. The emotions will probably make you feel closer and more connected with the brand, especially if you are in the courtship age or mood. Check out more such slogans filed under “Famous Business Slogans” category. Learn from these world renowned establishments and see how you can create your own personal or corporate persona. Alternatively, I’m just an email away. Read Related Post |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"On which river is the German town of Meissen, famous for its porcelain?"
] | Meissen - definition of Meissen by The Free Dictionary Meissen - definition of Meissen by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Meissen Also found in: Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Meis·sen 1 (mī′sən) A city of east-central Germany on the Elbe River northwest of Dresden. Its porcelain industry dates to the early 1700s. Meis·sen 2 A delicate porcelain ware originally made in Meissen, Germany. Meissen (German ˈmaisən) n (Placename) a town in E Germany, in Saxony, in Dresden district on the River Elbe: famous for its porcelain (Dresden china), first made here in 1710. Pop: 28 640 (2003 est) Meis•sen n. a city in E central Germany on the Elbe River. 38,137. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Dresden china References in periodicals archive ? The author takes us to many places on his journey to find the sources of white clay: to the hagglers, neon lights, and noodle shops of Jingdezhen, the domes and spires of Dresden, Johann Friedrich Bottger's prison in Meissen, the hills of Cornwall, a Walmart in the Appalachians--and the porcelain factory of Dachau. Potter's progress: Anne Gerritsen follows Edmund de Waal as he goes in search of the history of porcelain bronze of the dying Gaul, pair of 19th Century bronze Marley horses, vintage garden furniture, 19th Century Tiffany clock, 19th Century German Rococo porcelain clock, 19th Century gilt bronze clock and candelabra, vintage chandeliers from a John Staub mansion, 19th Century Baccarat five light candelabra, Meissen dessert set, 17th & 18th Century Spanish furnishings, Oriental rugs, Estate jewelry and much more. Itinerary - Dresden, Germany Furthermore, the sculptured lighting by designer Michael Anastassiades compliments the Louis XVI furniture and Meissen and Sevres porcelain, which were once part of the elegant apartment of cosmopolitan Anastasios Leventis in the prestigious Avenue Foch residential boulevard in the XVIe arrondissement of Paris. Leventis Gallery to open in Cyprus with over 800 works of art It is rare to encounter an author who can compare the works of Shakespeare with those of Goethe or Schiller, but it is an even rarer occurrence when the author compares the Bard to Meissen porcelain and aspects of German architecture after 1750. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which English football team play their home games at Old Trafford?"
] | Teams still don't like to play at Old Trafford, says Marouane Fellaini | Squawka News | News Posted on April 20, 2016 Marouane Fellaini is of the opinion that teams still “don’t like to play” at Old Trafford, despite the claims that Manchester United have lost their fear factor recently. The Red Devils have lost just two Premier League home games this season, with the last defeat coming back in January against Southampton. Since then, they’ve won their last four on the bounce at the Theatre of Dreams, as Louis van Gaal’s men look to keep up their top four challenge. United beat Aston Villa 1-0 last time out to keep the pressure on the likes of Arsenal and Manchester City, but their inconsistency has been the one real stumbling block in mounting a challenge for loftier goals, which has seen Van Gaal come under intense pressure. However Fellaini believes that the fans are still with the team, and that could prove vital in the final run-in. How Man Utd should line up vs. Crystal Palace SEE GALLERY “A lot of teams don’t like to play at Old Trafford; it’s a difficult place to come to and our supporters are always with us,” the Belgian international told the club’s official website ahead of tonight’s home clash with Crystal Palace. “We have to make that count and make sure we perform. “[Palace] are a good team and they have a lot of quality in attack. We have to be ready for that and also play on the front foot because we’re at home. It’s a good test for us before the big game on Saturday.” Fellaini, like his manager, has been subject to heavy criticism this season, with his place in the side questioned by many United fans. The 28-year-old has scored one goal and created nine chances in 16 Premier League appearances, winning 44% of his average duels and with an average pass accuracy of 83%. Marouane Fellaini’s average duels in the Premier League this season. United sit fifth on 56 points following their win at the weekend, four adrift of Arsenal in fourth and five behind City in third with just five games remaining. After tonight’s clash with Palace, who drew 1-1 at the Emirates last time out, Van Gaal’s men take on Everton in their FA Cup semi-final at Wembley on Saturday, looking to take another step towards winning their first piece of silverware since Sir Alex Ferguson’s retirement. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Rashin-Coatie is the Scottish version of which fairy tale?"
] | Rashin Coatie (Scottish Version of Cinderella) | George Scott Douglas Fairytalez.com » George Scott Douglas » Rashin Coatie (Scottish Version of Cinderella) Rashin Coatie (Scottish Version of Cinderella) A A A Once, a long time ago, there–was a gentleman had two lassies. The oldest was ugly and ill-natured, but the youngest was a bonnie lassie and good; but the ugly one was the favourite with her father and mother. So they ill-used the youngest in every way, and they sent her into the woods to herd cattle, and all the food she got was a little porridge and whey. Well, amongst the cattle was a red calf, and one day it said to the lassie, “Gee that porridge and whey to the doggie, and come with me.” So the lassie followed the calf through the wood, and they came to a bonnie hoosie, where there was a nice dinner ready for them; and after they had feasted on everything nice they went back to the herding. Every day the calf took the lassie away, and feasted her on dainties; and every day she grew bonnier. This disappointed the father and mother and the ugly sister. They expected that the rough usage she was getting would take away her beauty; and they watched and watched until they saw the calf take the lassie away to the feast. So they resolved to kill the calf; and not only that, but the lassie was to be compelled to kill him with an axe. Her ugly sister was to hold his head, and the lassie who loved him had to give the blow and kill him. She could do nothing but greet; but the calf told her not to greet, but to do as he bade her; and his plan was that instead of coming down on his head she was to come down on the lassie’s head who was holding him, and then she was to jump on his back and they would run off. Well, the day came for the calf to be killed, and everything was ready–the ugly lassie holding his head, and the bonnie lassie armed with the axe. So she raised the axe, and came down on the ugly sister’s head; and in the confusion that took place she got on the calf’s back and they ran away. And they ran and better nor ran till they came to a meadow where grew a great lot of rashes; and, as the lassie had not on many clothes, they pu’ed rashes, and made a coatie for her. And they set off again and travelled, and travelled, till they came to the king’s house. They went in, and asked if they wanted a servant. The mistress said she wanted a kitchen lassie, and she would take Rashin-coatie. So Rashin-coatie said she would stop, if they keepit the calf too. They were willing to do that. So the lassie and the calf stoppit in the king’s house, and everybody was well pleased with her; and when Yule came, they said she was to stop at home and make the dinner, while all the rest went to the kirk. After they were away the calf asked if she would like to go. She said she would, but she had no clothes, and she could not leave the dinner. The calf said he would give her clothes, and make the dinner too. He went out, and came back with a grand dress, all silk and satin, and such a nice pair of slippers. The lassie put on the dress, and before she left she said– “Ilka peat gar anither burn, An’ ilka spit gar anither turn, An’ ilka pot gar anither play, Till I come frae the kirk on gude Yule day.” So she went to the kirk, and nobody kent it was Rashin-coatie. They wondered who the bonnie lady could be; and, as soon as the young prince saw her, he fell in love with her, and resolved he would find out who she was, before she got home; but Rashin-coatie left before the rest, so that she might get home in time to take off her dress, and look after the dinner. When the prince saw her leaving, he made for the door to stop her; but she jumped past him, and in the hurry lost one of her shoes. The prince kept the shoe, and Rashin-coatie got home all right, and the folk said the dinner was very nice. Now the prince was resolved to find out who the bonnie lady was, and he sent a servant through all the land with the shoe. Every lady was to try it on, and the prince promised to marry the one it would fit. That servant went to a great many houses, |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is the largest recorded number of children born to one woman?"
] | Most prolific mother ever | Guinness World Records Most prolific mother ever Where Russia Shuya The greatest officially recorded number of children born to one mother is 69, to the wife of Feodor Vassilyev (b. 1707–c.1782), a peasant from Shuya, Russia. In 27 confinements she gave birth to 16 pairs of twins, seven sets of triplets and four sets of quadruplets. *** Numerous contemporaneous sources exist, which suggest that this seemingly improbably and statistically unlikely story is true. The case was reported to Moscow by the Monastery of Nikolsk on 27 Feb 1782, which had recorded every birth. It is noted that, by this time, only two of the children who were born in the period c. 1725–65 failed to survive their infancy. The Gentleman's Magazine (1783, 53, 753) recounts: "In an original letter now before me, dated St Petersburg, Aug 13, 1782, O. S. Feodor Wassilief [sic], aged 75, a peasant, said to be now alive and in perfect health, in the Government of Moscow, has had– By his first wife: --------- 8 births 18 children In all, 35 births, 87 children, of which 84 are living and only three buried. . . The above relation, however astonishing, may be depended upon, as it came directly from an English merchant at St Petersburg to his relatives in England, who added that the peasant was to be introduced to the Empress." In Saint Petersburg Panorama, Bashutski, 1834, the author notes that: "In the day of 27 February 1782, the list from Nikolskiy monastery came to Moscow containing the information that a peasant of the Shuya district, Feodor Vassilyev, married twice, had 87 children. His first wife in 27 confinements gave birth to 16 pairs of twins, seven sets of triplets and four sets of quadruplets. His second wife in eight confinements gave birth to six pairs of twins and two sets of triplets. F. Vassilyev was 75 at that time with 82 of his children alive." And the Lancet (1878) refers to a twin study carried out by the French Academy and: "Apropos of the enquiry, the Committee of the Academy recall an account of a quite extraordinary fecundity that was published by M. Hermann in his "Travaux Statistiques de la Russie," for Fedor Vassilet [sic]. . . who, in 1782, was aged 75 years, had had, by two wives, 87 children." Aside from this, not much is known about the first Mrs Vassilyev - even her first name (although some sources claim her name was Valentina). It is thought she lived to the age of 76. Although this historic record should be taken with a pinch of salt, it is certainly conceivable that Mrs Vassilyev could have had a genetic predisposition to hyper-ovulate (release multiple eggs in one cycle), which significantly increases the chance of having twins or multiple children. It is also not impossible for a woman to have 27 pregnancies during her fertile years. All records listed on our website are current and up-to-date. For a full list of record titles, please use our Record Application Search. (You will be need to register / login for access) |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which US President signed the orders that made Mother’s Day a national holiday in America?"
] | Official Mother's Day Proclamations by the President of United States of America Presidential Proclamation -- Mother's Day, 2014 A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America For over a century, Americans have come together to celebrate our first friends and mentors, our inspirations and constant sources of strength. Our mothers are breadwinners, community leaders, and pillars of family. They pioneer scientific discoveries, serve with valor in our Armed Forces, and represent our Nation in the loftiest halls of Government. Whether biological, adoptive, or foster, they play a singular role in our lives. Because they so often put everything above themselves, on Mother's Day, we put our moms first. Through centuries of organizing, marching, and making their voices heard, mothers have won greater opportunities than ever before for themselves and their children. Their victories brought our Nation closer to realizing a sacred founding principle -- that we are all created equal and each of us deserves the chance to pursue our own version of happiness. Today, there are more battles to win. Working mothers increasingly provide the majority of their family's income, yet even now, discrimination prevents women from earning a living equal to their efforts. My Administration is proud to fight alongside women as they push to close the gender pay gap, shatter glass ceilings, and implement workplace policies that do not force any parent to choose between their jobs and their kids. Because when women succeed, America succeeds. By words and example, mothers teach us how to grow and who to become. They shape lasting habits that can lead to healthy living and lifelong learning. They demonstrate what is possible when we work hard and apply our talents. Without complaint, they give their best every day so they and their children might achieve the scope of their dreams. Today, let us once again extend our gratitude for our mothers' unconditional love and support -- during years past and in the years to come. The Congress, by a joint resolution approved May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 770), has designated the second Sunday in May each year as "Mother's Day" and requested the President to call for its appropriate observance. NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim May 11, 2014, as Mother's Day. I urge all Americans to express love and gratitude to mothers everywhere, and I call upon all citizens to observe this day with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand fourteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-eighth. BARACK OBAMA Presidential Proclamation -- Mother's Day, 2013 A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America Today, sons and daughters all across America come together to honor the women who raised them. Whether single or in partnership, foster or adoptive, mothers hold a special place in our hearts. For many of us, they are our first caretakers and our first teachers, imparting the early lessons that guide us growing up. And no matter the challenges we face or the paths we choose, moms are there for their children with hope and love -- scraping and sacrificing and doing whatever it takes to give them a bright future. That work has often stretched outside the home. In the century since Americans first came together to mark Mother's Day, generations of women have empowered their children with the courage and grit to fight for change. But they have also fought to secure it themselves. Mothers pioneered a path to the vote, from Seneca Falls to the 19th Amendment. They helped write foundational protections into our laws, like freedom from workplace discrimination and access to affordable health care. They shattered ceilings in business and government, on the battlefield and on the court. With every step, they led the way to a mor |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Babies born during which month of the year are said to be the heaviest?"
] | Heaviest Baby Born: This Girl Tips The Scales At 15 Pounds Heaviest Baby Born: This Girl Tips The Scales At 15 Pounds The Huffington Post Canada | By Isabelle Khoo reddit ADVERTISEMENT The world’s heaviest baby girl is here! On Monday, 19-year-old Nandini, from Hassan, India, welcomed a daughter weighing a whopping 15 pounds . The infant, who has not yet been named, was born via Caesarian section and weighs the same as an average six-month-old , the Daily Mail reports. Both the mother and medical staff were surprised by the baby’s large size. “In my 25 years of experience, I had never seen such a big baby . She is a miracle,” said local health officer Dr. Venkatesh Raju. “I believe she is not only the heaviest baby born in India but the heaviest baby girl ever born in the world.” Teen mum gives birth to 'world's heaviest' baby weighing whopping 15lbs (the same as a 6-month-old) #India pic.twitter.com/qwQYDLsVJk — RaajjeTV (@Raajje_tv) May 25, 2016 According to the Mirror UK, the first-time mom had a smooth pregnancy and was not diagnosed with maternal diabetes, which can cause newborns to be overweight . As a result, the baby girl’s big size was highly unexpected. The average newborn weighs about 7.5 pounds. Besides maternal diabetes, a number of factors can contribute to a baby’s birth weight , including the parent’s genetics and the amount of weight the mom gains during pregnancy. After Nandini welcomed her daughter, the infant was taken to the neonatal intensive care unit for monitoring, as big babies tend to have health complications . “She is really big and beautiful,” said Dr. Poornima Manu, who delivered the baby. “She does not have any health issues like irregular sugar levels or thyroid and is breathing well. We were initially concerned about her sugar levels but that is normal.” Both mom and baby are expected to be discharged in a few days . There’s no doubt that Nandini’s daughter is a big baby, but an infant born in Daly City, California in 2013 still holds the title of one of the world's heaviest babies to date. The baby boy, who is the biggest ever born in California, weighed just over 16 pounds. But neither of these babies compare to the heaviest infant in the Guinness World Records . In 1879, Canadian mom Anna Bates gave birth to a baby boy who weighed a staggering 22 pounds. Sadly, the infant passed away 11 hours later. A healthy baby boy born in Italy in 1955 now holds the record for world’s heaviest birth with a weight of 22.8 pounds. ALSO ON HUFFPOST: Newborn Photos Every Parent Needs To Take of This shot is a no brainer! Once your newborn is here, this is one happy family moment you won't want to miss. After all, the birth of your child is no small milestone. Likewise, it goes without saying that taking a photo of your newborn at the hospital is a must. After all, these are his or her very first moments of life! There’s really nothing sweeter than a beautiful, sleeping newborn baby. When you welcome another newborn, it’s important that your other children bond with the baby. A great way to do this is to take some tender sibling shots. Ask your kids to hold the baby, lie beside them, hold their hand, or kiss them. The results will be some incredibly sweet and heartwarming pictures you’ll be so glad you caught on camera. Here's another sweet example. But be careful, this one can go very, very wrong! Have you ever seen a newborn yawn? It’s just about one of the cutest things on earth. If you just so happen to be taking a photo at the right time, these shots can be truly wonderful keepsakes. Speaking of yawning, stretching is just as adorable when you catch your newborn in the moment. This photo proves it. Remember the first moment your newborn opened their eyes and looked up at you? Of course you remember! That’s one of the most special moments you'll share with your child and I guarantee it’s one you’ll cherish forever. To capture that memory in a photo, take a picture of your little one with their eyes open. Then, every time you look at the picture, you’ll be reminded of the first time they look |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"According to the Guinness Book of Records, the heaviest baby born and survived at 22 pounds 8 ounces, was in which European country?"
] | Heaviest birth | Guinness World Records Guinness World Records Anna Haining Bates, born Anna Haining Swan, Carmelina Fedele Where When 19 January 1879 Giantess Anna Bates (née Swan) (Canada, b. 6 August 1846; d. 5 August 1888), who measured 241.3 cm (7 ft 11 in), gave birth to a boy weighing 9.98 kg (22 lb) and measuring 71.12 cm (28 in) at her home in Seville, Ohio, USA, on 19 January 1879. The baby, who was not officially named but just referred to as "Babe", sadly died 11 hours later. *** It has been reported that when Anna's waters broke, she lost an estimated six gallons of fluid. Martin van Buren Bates (USA, 1837–1919), the father of the child wrote: “He was 28” tall, weighed 22 lbs and was perfect in every respect. He looked at birth like an ordinary child of six months”. (See http://www.planetslade.com/the-giants-wedding1.html for reference.) At 17 years old, Anna Haining Swan (CAN, 1846–88), the daughter of Scottish immigrants to Nova Scotia, measured 241.3 cm (7 ft 11 in) tall. Anna first met Martin, who stood at 236.22 cm (7 ft 9 in) tall, as a result of their respective sideshow careers. They both earned fame for their height and travelled in circus troupes both separately and as a pair. After a two year relationship on 17 Jun 1871, Anna married Martin in London in front of a huge crowd of onlookers. It has been reported that a Daily Telegraph article published at the time of the wedding commented: "A man may get used to being eight feet high," it told readers. "But to be eight feet high and to be stared at by a devout congregation of idlers on the occasion of marrying a lady who is eight feet high also is a trying conjunction of matters. However, Captain Bates got through his difficulties tolerably well". (See http://www.planetslade.com/the-giants-wedding1.html for reference.) The couple had a combined height of a record 477.52 cm (15 ft 8 in) and soon became billing themselves as "The Tallest Couple Alive". To this day, the pair retains the official Guinness World Records title as the Tallest married couple ever . Prior to the record-setting birth in 1879, eight years after the wedding, the couple had already lost a baby girl who was born on 19 May 1872, but devastatingly died at birth. Anna was the third child of Alexander Swan and Ann Swan (née Graham). Alexander had emigrated from Dumfriesshire, Scotland, to the Millbrook section of the community of New Annan, near the village of Tatamagouche, in the county of Colchester, Nova Scotia, Canada. Ann Graham (married Swan) was born and lived in New Annan. They had a family of 13 children. The first two lived for a very short time, so their third child, Anna, is often considered the eldest. The heaviest baby born to a healthy mother was a boy weighing 10.2 kg (22 lb 8 oz) who was born to Sig. Carmelina Fedele (Italy) at Aversa, Italy in September 1955. There are other extraordinary cases of heavy births: It was reported that Francisca Ramos dos Santos (Brazil) gave birth by caesarean section to her son Ademilton who weighed in at 7.57 kg (16 lb 11.02 oz) on 18 January 2005 in Salvador, Brazil. Christina Samane (South Africa) also gave birth to a 10.2 kg (22 lb 8 oz) child, but this was later disqualified, as the child suffered from Weaver syndrome, which causes excessive growth in children due to abnoramlities in parental genes. On 3 June 1961, it was reported that a boy weighing 11 kg (24 lb 4 oz) was born to Mrs Sadaat Cor (Turkey). It was revealed in January 1978 however that, although relayed by a major news agency, no reliance can be placed on this report. All records listed on our website are current and up-to-date. For a full list of record titles, please use our Record Application Search. (You will be need to register / login for access) |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which group had a hit with ‘Baby Love’ in 1964?"
] | Baby Love by The Supremes Songfacts Baby Love by The Supremes Songfacts Songfacts The Motown songwriting team of Holland-Dozier-Holland wrote this innocent song about teenage love. They wrote 14 US Top-10 hits for The Supremes. Explaining how the trio wrote to NME in 1984, Lamont Dozier said: "I would collaborate with Eddie on lyrics and with Brian on melodies. Then Brian and I would go into the studio and produce the actual record although Eddie should have been put down as one of the producers because he helped teach the artists the tune when the lyric was finished." A musician named Lorenzo Pack filed a lawsuit against Motown in 1966, claiming the Holland-Dozier-Holland songwriting team based "Baby Love" on his 1962 song "I'm Afraid." Pack had little evidence to support his assertion, and Motown won the lawsuit. The testimony, however, revealed some insights on this song, as Brian Holland told the court: "When we write a song, we try to express real feelings about a real situation. In writing the song for The Supremes it was obvious that we were writing for pretty young girls, of whom one is the so-called lead singer. Therefore, in writing 'Baby Love,' we pictured a simple story about a girl whose boyfriend has left her and who loves him very dearly and who would like the boy to come back. The music fits this simple story." This was The Supremes' first and only song to reach #1 in the UK. The Supremes were the first girl-group to have a #1 hit in Britain. It turned out to be The Supremes' only UK #1, though they had many more in the US. In August of 1974, this song was reissued in Britain, where it reached UK #12. >> Suggestion credit: Jerro - New Alexandria, PA, for above 2 According to Rolling Stone magazine, when this song was finished, Berry Gordy thought it wasn't catchy enough and sent the group back into the studio, which is when they came up with the "Oooooh" at the beginning. This song, " Where Did Our Love Go " and " Come See About Me " were written by Holland-Dozier-Holland in one session and were all recorded within two weeks. Berry Gordy required the songwriters to punch a clock when they came in and left for work at Motown, which is something he learned working for Ford. The H-D-H team was especially proficient, often completing 2 or 3 songs a day. This song received a Grammy nomination for Best Rhythm & Blues Recording in 1965; it lost to Nancy Wilson's "How Glad I Am." This was the second US #1 hit for The Supremes, following " Where Did Our Love Go ." They were the first Motown act with two #1 hits. >> Suggestion credit: |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What are the first names of David and Victoria Beckham’s daughter?"
] | David Beckham reveals novel idea behind Harper Seven's name | Life and style | The Guardian Harper Seven Beckham David Beckham reveals novel idea behind Harper Seven's name Victoria and David Beckham use Facebook and Twitter to share pictures of daughter Harper Seven and explain name David Beckham holding his daughter Harper Seven Beckham which was posted on Victoria Beckham's Twitter page. Photograph: Victoria Beckham/Twitter/PA Harper Seven Beckham David Beckham reveals novel idea behind Harper Seven's name Victoria and David Beckham use Facebook and Twitter to share pictures of daughter Harper Seven and explain name Press Association Sunday 17 July 2011 13.57 EDT First published on Sunday 17 July 2011 13.57 EDT Close This article is 5 years old Cradled in the arms of her parents, Harper Seven Beckham looks blissfully unaware she is already one of the most famous babies in the world as the first photos of her are released to the public. Both Victoria and David Beckham have posted pictures of the newborn on social networking sites. Victoria used her Twitter account to share a photo of her husband and the baby with her 1.5 million followers. In the black-and-white picture, David is touching noses with Harper, who is wrapped in a blanket and wearing a pale hat with her eyes shut. The fashion designer has added the caption: "Daddy's little girl!" On Facebook , David posted a black-and-white photo of Victoria asleep with the baby dozing on her chest with the caption: "I took this picture of my two girls sleeping." During a game against Real Madrid on Saturday, the LA Galaxy footballer sported a pair of football boots with the names of all four of his children stitched on in pink. On Friday he posted a video on his Facebook page explaining the reasons for naming the little girl, who was born on 10 July, Harper Seven. He ended days of speculation by confirming the baby was named after To Kill A Mockingbird author Harper Lee , saying: "Victoria's favourite book is To Kill A Mockingbird, it's a very strong, passionate book and the author was Harper Lee, and that is where Harper came from." He added that while most people had assumed the name Seven was a reference to his shirt number at Manchester United, he said that was only part of the reason. "The main reason behind Seven was it symbolises spiritual perfection – the seven wonders of the world, the seven colours of the rainbow – and in many cultures it is a lucky number. "We love the name and we love Harper Seven. We are very happy to have her in our lives and in our family, and it is an amazing time for our family right now." |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is the profession of Tom Selleck in the 1987 film ‘Three Men and a Baby’?"
] | 3 Men and a Baby (1987) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error 3 Men and a Baby ( 1987 ) PG | Three bachelors find themselves forced to take care of a baby left by one of the guys' girlfriends. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 29 titles created 13 Nov 2012 a list of 29 titles created 15 Dec 2013 a list of 47 titles created 27 Jul 2014 a list of 34 titles created 03 Jan 2015 a list of 49 titles created 7 months ago Title: 3 Men and a Baby (1987) 5.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 2 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards » Photos Sylvia's work increasingly takes her away from the three men who help bring up Mary, her daughter. When she decides to move to England and take Mary with her, the three men are heartbroken ... See full summary » Director: Emile Ardolino Number 5 of a group of experimental robots in a lab is electrocuted, suddenly becomes intelligent, and escapes. Director: John Badham This time, a new baby is on the way, and it's a girl. Wrapped together with the standard conflict between mother and father, Mikey engages in a bit of sibling rivalry with his new sister. Director: Amy Heckerling With his oldest daughter's wedding approaching, a father finds himself reluctant to let go. Director: Charles Shyer George Banks must deal not only with the pregnancy of his daughter, but also with the unexpected pregnancy of his wife. Director: Charles Shyer Apartment block tenants seek the aid of alien mechanical life-forms to save their building from demolition. Director: Matthew Robbins In this, the third film, it's the pets who do the talking. The Ubriacco's find themselves the owners of two dogs, Rocks, a street wise cross breed, and Daphne, a spoiled pedigree poodle. ... See full summary » Director: Tom Ropelewski Edit Storyline Three bachelor friends - architect Peter, artist Michael, and actor Jack are sharing an apartment in Manhattan. After Jack goes filming in Turkey his two flatmates find his baby daughter - which Jack doesn't know about - left outside their door. The two are left to look after the baby, and realise how difficult this can be. How would this baby change the life style of these confirmed bachelors? Written by Sami Al-Taher <[email protected]> See All (79) » Taglines: Peter, Michael and Jack know a thing or two about women. But when it comes to babies, they're all wet. See more » Genres: 25 November 1987 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Three Men and a Baby See more » Filming Locations: 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| Dolby (35 mm prints) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Tom Hanks, Michael Keaton, Bruce Willis and John Travolta were considered for the role of Michael. See more » Goofs When Michael says Gabby Hayes had no teeth and he was 90 the age was wrong. Gabby Hayes lived to be 83 years old. See more » Quotes Peter Mitchell : [reading a review of a boxing match in a hushed, storytelling way] The champ caught Smith with a savage left hook... Michael Kellam : What are you reading her? Peter Mitchell : [responding to Michael in same tone] It doesn't matter what I read, it's the tone you use. She doesn't understand the words anyway, now where were we? Fun comedy about three confirmed bachelor dads 20 April 2006 | by roghache (Canada) – See all my reviews This is a really cute, light hearted comedy. The plot may be pretty unrealistic, the ending kooky & unbelievable, and don't get your morals from it, but all in all...it's great fun to watch. The story revolves around three carefree bachelors (Peter, Michael, and Jack) who share a New York City apartment. All are busy with their jobs, girlfriends, and social lives and have no intention of settling down anytime soon. While actor Jack is away shooting a movie, a baby is left outside their apartment door with a note indicating that this |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What is a baby hamster called?"
] | What are baby hamsters called? | Reference.com What are baby hamsters called? A: Quick Answer Baby hamsters are known as pups, and they are born without any hair or teeth. They develop teeth and begin to grow hair when they are between 11 and 14 days old, and their eyes open when they are about 14 days old. Full Answer Mother hamsters may give birth to as many as 24 pups in a single litter. The pups nurse from the mother until they are between 3 and 4 weeks old, depending on the breed. At about 2 weeks of age, they begin eating soft, solid foods in addition to their mother's milk, and at 3 weeks of age, they resemble small adult hamsters in appearance. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Beatrice, Alice, Louise and Helena were daughters of which British monarch?"
] | Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (Prince) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom Member of the British Royal Family and Daughter of Queen Victoria Female Born Apr 14, 1857 The Princess Beatrice was a member of the British Royal Family. She was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Juan Carlos, King of Spain, is her great-grandson. Beatrice has the distinction of being the last of Victoria's children to die, 66 years after the first, Beatrice's sister, Princess Alice.… Read More related links Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom. CHILDHOOD Show Less She was christened in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace on 16 June 1857. … Read More Her godparents were the Duchess of Kent (maternal grandmother); the Princess Royal (eldest sister); and the Prince Frederick of Prussia (her future brother-in-law).<br /><br /> From birth, Beatrice became a favoured child. The elder favourite daughter of Prince Albert, the Princess Royal, was about to take up residence in Germany with her new husband, Frederick ("Fritz") of Prussia. At the same time, the newly arrived Beatrice showed promise. Albert wrote to Augusta, Fritz's mother, that "Baby practises her scales like a good prima donna before a performance and has a good voice!" Although Queen Victoria was known to dislike most babies, she liked Beatrice, whom she considered attractive. This provided Beatrice with an advantage over her elder siblings. Queen Victoria once remarked that Beatrice was "a pretty, plump and flourishing child... with fine large blue eyes, a pretty little mouth and very fine skin". Her long, golden hair was the focus of paintings commissioned by Queen Victoria, who enjoyed giving Beatrice her bath, in marked contrast to her bathing preferences for her other children. Beatrice showed intelligence, which further endeared her to the Prince Consort, who was amused by her childhood precociousness. Read Less Born on April 14, 1857. TEENAGE Show Less … In March 1861, Queen Victoria's mother Victoria, Duchess of Kent, died at Frogmore. The Queen broke down in grief and guilt over their estrangement at the beginning of her reign. Beatrice tried to console her mother by reminding her that the Duchess of Kent was "in heaven, but Beatrice hopes she will return". This comfort was significant because Queen Victoria had isolated herself from her children except the eldest unmarried, Princess Alice, and Beatrice. Queen Victoria again relied on Beatrice and Alice after the death of Albert, of typhoid fever, on 14 December. <br /><br />The depth of the Queen's grief over the death of her husband surprised her family, courtiers, politicians and general populace. As when her mother died, she shut herself off from her familyâmost particularly, the Prince of Wales, (whom she blamed for her husband's death), with the exception of Alice and Beatrice. Queen Victoria often took Beatrice from her cot, hurried to her bed and "lay there sleepless, clasping to her child, wrapped in the nightclothes of a man who would wear them no more." Read Less After 1871, when the last of Beatrice's elder sisters married, Queen Victoria came to rely upon her youngest daughter, who had declared from an early age: "I don't like weddings at all. … Read More I shall never be married. I shall stay with my mother." As her mother's secretary, she performed duties such as writing on the Queen's behalf and helping with political correspondence. These mundane duties mirrored those that had been performed in succession by her sisters, Alice, Helena and Louise. However, to these the Queen soon added more personal tasks. Read Less During a serious illness in 1871, the Queen dictated her journal entries to Beatrice, and in 1876 she allowed Beatrice to sort the music she and the Prince Consort had played, unused since his death fifteen years earlier. … Read More The devotion that Beatrice showed to her mother was acknowledged in the Queen's let |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"A sapling is a young what?"
] | Sapling | Define Sapling at Dictionary.com sapling 1375-1425; late Middle English; see sap 1, -ling 1 Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for sapling Expand Contemporary Examples Obama planted a sapling in the garden of the presidential residence and even quoted a story from the Jewish Talmud. Obama and Netanyahu Make Peace During President’s First Israel Visit Eli Lake March 19, 2013 Historical Examples They got ashore, and fastened the painter to a sapling on the bank, because it was not long enough to go round a pile. Two Knapsacks John Campbell A sapling was cut off so that the stump of a limb was left at the bottom of it. Folkways William Graham Sumner The Quadroon Mayne Reid Trees should be dropped so that they will not crush young seedlings and sapling growth as they fall. British Dictionary definitions for sapling Expand Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for sapling Expand n. early 14c., from sap (n.1) + diminutive suffix -ling . This probably is the source of American English slang sap (n.3) "club, short staff" (1899) and the verb sap (v.2) "to hit (someone) with a sap" (1926). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which part of a baby’s body stays the same size from birth?"
] | Re: What body part or organ stays the same size from birth? Re: What body part or organ stays the same size from birth? Date: Fri Jun 2 21:24:24 2006 Posted By: Brian Bauereis, Grad student, Clinical Neuropharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Area of science: Anatomy Message: Hi Jamie, Interesting question. I have a feeling you may have a follow up to my response. I believe that Steve Mack at madscientist has provided the best answer: The spinal cord. In the human fetus, the spinal cord extends all the way down to the sacral vertebrae (the very end). As a person ages, the spinal cord shortens relative to the rest of the body so at adulthood the spinal cord only reaches down to around the level of L1 (lumbar 1). Neuroanatomy is one of my best subjects....any related questions will be gladly received! There is maybe a less obvious answer. The eyes. I have to admit though, a babies eyes are about 75% of what they will become as an adult. So they are technically not the same size from birth, but pretty close. With that said, we'll stick to the spinal cord as the best answer. I hope this response satisfies you question. If not, might I suggest you submit a more specific question? Brian Bauereis [Moderator's Note: These answers, 937854003.An and 1141746701.An , in our archives discuss changes in the size of the eyeball from birth to adulthood.] |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"How many children did actor Charlie Chaplin have?"
] | Charles Chaplin - Biography - IMDb Charles Chaplin Biography Showing all 167 items Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (4) | Trade Mark (7) | Trivia (97) | Personal Quotes (45) | Salary (7) Overview (5) 5' 5" (1.65 m) Mini Bio (2) Charlie Chaplin, considered to be one of the most pivotal stars of the early days of Hollywood, lived an interesting life both in his films and behind the camera. He is most recognized as an icon of the silent film era, often associated with his popular "Little Tramp" character; the man with the toothbrush mustache, bowler hat, bamboo cane, and a funny walk. Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in Walworth, London, England on April 16th, 1889, to Hannah Harriet Pedlingham (Hill) and Charles Chaplin, both music hall performers, who were married on June 22nd, 1885. After Charles Sr. separated from Hannah to perform in New York City, Hannah then tried to resurrect her stage career. Unfortunately, her singing voice had a tendency to break at unexpected moments. When this happened, the stage manager spotted young Charlie standing in the wings and led him on stage, where five-year-old Charlie began to sing a popular tune. Charlie and his half-brother, Syd Chaplin spent their lives in and out of charity homes and workhouses between their mother's bouts of insanity. Hannah was committed to Cane Hill Asylum in May of 1903 and lived there until 1921, when Chaplin moved her to California. Chaplin began his official acting career at the age of eight, touring with The Eight Lancashire Lads. At 18 he began touring with Fred Karno 's vaudeville troupe, joining them on the troupe's 1910 US tour. He traveled west to California in December 1913 and signed on with Keystone Studios' popular comedy director Mack Sennett , who had seen Chaplin perform on stage in New York. Charlie soon wrote his brother Syd, asking him to become his manager. While at Keystone, Chaplin appeared in and directed 35 films, starring as the Little Tramp in nearly all. In November 1914, he left Keystone and signed on at Essanay, where he made 15 films. In 1916, he signed on at Mutual and made 12 films. In June 1917, Chaplin signed up with First National Studios, after which he built Chaplin Studios. In 1919 he and Douglas Fairbanks , Mary Pickford and D.W. Griffith formed United Artists (UA). Chaplin's life and career was full of scandal and controversy. His first big scandal was during World War I, during which time his loyalty to England, his home country, was questioned. He had never applied for US citizenship, but claimed that he was a "paying visitor" to the United States. Many British citizens called Chaplin a coward and a slacker. This and his other career eccentricities sparked suspicion with FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover and the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), who believed that he was injecting Communist propaganda into his films. Chaplin's later film The Great Dictator (1940), which was his first "talkie", also created a stir. In the film Chaplin plays a humorous caricature of Adolf Hitler . Some thought the film was poorly done and in bad taste. However it grossed over $5 million and earned five Academy Award Nominations. Another scandal occurred when Chaplin briefly dated 22-year-old Joan Barry. However Chaplin's relationship with Barry came to an end in 1942, after a series of harassing actions from her. In May of 1943 Barry returned to inform Chaplin that she was pregnant and filed a paternity suit, claiming that the unborn child was his. During the 1944 trial blood tests proved that Chaplin was not the father, but at the time blood tests were inadmissible evidence and he was ordered to pay $75 a week until the child turned 21. Chaplin was also scrutinized for his support in aiding the Russian struggle against the invading Nazis during World War II, and the U.S. government questioned his moral and political views, suspecting him of having Communist ties. For this reason HUAC subpoenaed him in 1947. However HUAC finally decided that it was no longer necessary for him to appear for testimony. Conversely, |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The name Wendy was made up by the author for which children’s book?"
] | The Straight Dope: Was the name Wendy invented for the book "Peter Pan"? A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board Was the name Wendy invented for the book "Peter Pan"? December 17, 2002 Dear Straight Dope: Here's a rumor (and by rumor I mean one of those E-mail-lore things): The name Wendy was made-up for the book Peter Pan. As I have a friend so named, is this true? — Craig Cormier One simple click here shows us that the name Wendy was invented in 1973 for the "Superfriends" cartoon on ABC, the name Marvin having been previously invented by Mel Blanc in the 50s for a series of Bugs Bunny cartoons. Next question? All kidding aside, J. M. Barrie did not invent the name Wendy for his 1904 play Peter Pan, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (the book form of the story, Peter and Wendy, was published in 1911). He did popularize it, though. Barrie apparently was inspired to use the name by a young friend named Margaret Henley, the daughter of writer William Henley. Margaret, who died around 1895 at age 6, called Barrie her "friendy." Since she couldn't pronounce her Rs at the time, the word came out "fwendy," or "fwendy-wendy," in some versions of the story. But we have absolute proof that there were earlier Wendys, thanks to the just-released 1880 U.S. Census and the 1881 British Census (available here ). These documents show that the name Wendy, while not common, was indeed used in both the U.S. and Great Britain throughout the 1800s. I had no trouble finding twenty females with the first name Wendy in the United States, the earliest being Wendy Gram of Ohio (born in 1828). If you include such spelling variations as Windy, Wendi, Wenda, and Wandy the number triples. As to the origins of said name, websites here and here make the claim that Wendy is a derivative of the name Gwendolen or maybe Gwendolyn. Looking further, I chanced upon World Wide Wendy , a site dedicated to, well, all things Wendy. On this site, Doctor of Folklore Leslie Ellen Jones discusses the possible Welsh origins of the name Gwendolyn and its derivative Wendy. In both the English and U.S. Census, however, the name Wendy is also used as a male first name, so I suspect further research may be required. Of course, if you go back a few centuries and head east a mite, we have the Chinese emperor Wendi of the Sui dynasty (541-604), and before that the Great Emperor Wendi of the Han dynasty (179 BC-157 BC). But that's stretching it a bit far, don'tcha think? Further reference: |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was the top baby girl name in England in 2008?"
] | Baby names: Top 100 most popular boys and girls' names | The Independent Baby names: Top 100 most popular boys and girls' names Several new entries but top slots remain unchanged Monday 17 August 2015 12:48 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Infants less than a year old become more interested in objects that do seemingly impossible things Getty Images The Office for National Statistics (ONS) has released the annual list of the most popular baby names in England and Wales. Girls: 1 Amelia 5,327 (number) No change (change in rank since 2013) 2 Olivia 4,724 No change 3 Isla 4,012 Up 2 4 Emily 3,991 Down 1 5 Poppy 3,273 Up 2 6 Ava 3,171 Down 2 7 Isabella 3,022 Up 1 8 Jessica 2,995 Down 2 9 Lily 2,965 Up 3 10 Sophie 2,905 Down 1 11 Grace 2,785 Up 2 12 Sophia 2,752 Up 3 13 Mia 2,727 Down 3 14 Evie 2,664 No change 15 Ruby 2,595 Down 4 16 Ella 2,465 No change 17 Scarlett 2,359 No change 18 Isabelle 2,241 Up 1 19 Chloe 2,215 Down 1 20 Sienna 2,174 Up 2 21 Freya 2,164 Down 1 22 Phoebe 2,099 Up 2 23 Charlotte 2,018 Down 2 24 Daisy 1,957 Down 1 25 Alice 1,783 Up 2 26 Florence 1,781 Up 3 27 Eva 1,725 Down 1 28 Sofia 1,692 Up 2 29 Millie 1,685 Down 4 30 Lucy 1,664 Down 2 31 Evelyn 1,506 Up 14 32 Elsie 1,497 Up 15 33 Rosie 1,475 Up 5 34 Imogen 1,463 No change 35 Lola 1,441 Down 3 36 Matilda 1,440 No change 37 Elizabeth 1,398 Up 2 38 Layla 1,391 Down 7 39 Holly 1,362 Down 6 40 Lilly 1,352 Down 3 41 Molly 1,349 Down 6 42 Erin 1,343 Down 2 43 Ellie 1,308 No change 44 Maisie 1,221 Down 3 45 Maya 1,200 Up 6 46 Abigail 1,181 No change 47 Eliza 1,165 Up 12 48 Georgia 1,163 Up 12 49 Jasmine 1,155 Up 1 50 Esme 1,151 Up 8 51 Willow 1,142 Up 3 52 Bella 1,141 Up 4 53 Annabelle 1,108 Up 10 54 Ivy 1,103 Up 12 55 Amber 1,089 Up 10 56 Emilia 1,082 Up 8 57 Emma 1,071 Down 2 58 Summer 1,067 Down 10 59 Hannah 1,061 Down 15 60 Eleanor 1,049 Down 3 61 Harriet 1,016 No change 62 Rose 990 Up 6 63 Amelie 988 Down 11 64 Lexi 972 Down 22 65 Megan 879 Down 16 66 Gracie 871 Down 4 67 Zara 838 Up 3 68 Lacey 829 Down 15 69 Martha 807 Up 4 70 Anna 804 Down 1 71 Violet 754 Up 7 72 Darcey 727 Up 12 73 Maria 707 Up 10 74 Maryam 705 Up 6 75 Brooke 703 Down 8 76 Aisha 702 Up 18 77 Katie 701 Up 2 78 Leah 683 Down 7 79 Thea 678 Up 42 *new entry 80 Darcie 677 Up 23 *new entry 81 Hollie 673 Down 6 82 Amy 668 Down 6 83 Mollie 663 Down 12 84 Heidi 662 Up 15 85 Lottie 662 Up 20 *new entry 86 Bethany 648 Down 9 87 Francesca 646 Down 6 88 Faith 642 Down 14 89 Harper 623 Up 71 *new entry 90 Nancy 615 Up 21 *new entry 91 Beatrice 610 Up 4 92 Isabel 608 Down 7 93 Darcy 606 No change 94 Lydia 602 Up 6 95 Sarah 601 Up 1 96 Sara 596 Up 4 97 Julia 593 Down 15 98 Victoria 584 Down 10 99 Zoe 580 Down 2 100 Robyn 577 Up 19 *new entry 1 Oliver 6,649 No change 2 Jack 5,804 No change 3 Harry 5,379 No change 4 Jacob 5,050 No change 5 Charlie 4,642 No change 6 Thomas 4,405 No change 7 George 4,320 Up 3 8 Oscar 4,269 Down 1 9 James 4,167 No change 10 William 4,134 Down 2 11 Noah 4,085 Up 2 12 Alfie 3,868 Down 1 13 Joshua 3,812 Down 1 14 Muhammad 3,588 Up 1 15 Henry 3,572 Up 3 16 Leo 3,414 Up 1 17 Archie 3,099 Down 1 18 Ethan 3,061 Down 4 19 Joseph 3,041 No change 20 Freddie 3,023 Up 15 21 Samuel 3,021 Down 1 22 Alexander 2,978 Up 2 23 Logan 2,813 Up 5 24 Daniel 2,775 Down 2 25 Isaac 2,636 Up 4 26 Max 2,602 Down 1 27 Mohammed 2,536 Down 4 28 Benjamin 2,490 Up 2 29 Mason 2,470 Down 2 30 Lucas 2,445 Down 4 31 Edward 2,417 Up 2 32 Harrison 2,214 Up 4 33 Jake 2,207 Down 1 34 Dylan 2,188 Down 3 35 Riley 2,177 Down 14 36 Finley 2,115 Down 2 37 Theo 2,008 Up 4 38 Sebastian 1,965 No change 39 Adam 1,790 Up 1 40 Zachary 1,670 Down 1 41 Arthur 1,649 Up 2 42 Toby 1,352 Up 2 43 Jayden 1,334 Down 1 44 Luke 1,322 Up 1 45 Harley 1,303 Up 4 46 Lewis 1,236 No change 47 Tyler 1,235 Down 10 48 Harvey 1,228 No change 49 Matthew 1,216 Down 2 50 David 1,209 No change 51 Reuben 1,166 Up 3 52 Michael 1,139 Up 1 53 Elijah 1,125 Up 16 54 Kian 1,123 Up 41 55 Tommy 1,120 Down 3 56 Mohammad 1,116 Up 1 57 Blake 1,106 Down 1 58 Luca 1,101 Up 2 59 Theodore 1,090 Up 19 60 Stanley 1,059 Up 10 61 Jenson 1,058 Down 3 62 N |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was the top baby boy name in England in 2008?"
] | Top English baby boy names in 2008 ▼2 Samuel , var. Sam, .. 6 more 12.▼2 George , var. Giorgius, .. 54 more13.▼2 Joseph , var. Josef▼, .. 42 more14.▲2 Lewis , up two years: 20→16→14, var. Luis▼, .. 3 more15.▲2 Ethan , var. Ethen▼, .. 3 more16.▲1 Mohammed , up three years: 23→22→17→16, var. Mohamed▼, Muhammad▼, Mohammad▼, Mohamad▼17.▲2 Dylan , up three years: 24→23→19→17, var. Dillon▼, Dillan▼, Dyllan▼, Dylon▼, .. 2 more18.▼4 Benjamin , down two years: 11→14→18, var. Benjaman, .. 28 more19.▲4 Alexander , up two years: 24→23→19, var. Alexandro▼, Alexandre▼, Aleksander▼, .. 67 more20.▲4 Jacob , var. Jacobo, .. 60 more21.▲4 Ryan , var. Rian▼, Ryne▼, .. 5 more22.▲6 Liam , up two years: 31→28→22, var. Lyam23.▼5 Jake , down two years: 15→18→23, var. Jack▼, Jacques▼24.▲6 Max , var. Maxx▼, .. 3 more25.▼4 Luke , down three years: 13→17→21→25, var. Luc▼, .. 10 more26.▲1 Tyler , var. Tylor▼, .. 3 more27.▼5 Callum , down two years: 13→22→2728.▼4 Matthew , down more than three years: ..→18→24→28, var. Mathew▼, .. 33 more29.▲3 Jayden , up more than three years: ..→68→32→29, var. Jaden▼, Jaiden▼, Jaydon▼, Jadon▼, Jaeden▼, Jaedon▼30.▲9 Oscar , up more than three years: ..→47→39→30, var. Oskar▼, .. 3 more31.▲4 Archie , up two years: 40→35→3132.▼6 Adam , var. Adao, .. 23 more33.▲25 Riley , up more than three years: ..→64→58→33, var. Rylee▼, Ryley▼34.▼5 Harvey , down three years: 27→28→29→34, var. Harvy, .. 7 more35.▼4 Harrison , var. Harriss, .. 2 more36.▲5 Lucas , up more than three years: ..→48→41→36, var. Lukas▼, .. 2 more37.▲1 Muhammad , up three years: 56→44→38→37, var. Mohamed▼, Mohammed▼, Mohammad▼, Mohamad▼, .. 14 more38.▼4 Henry , var. Henri▼, .. 35 more39.▲3 Isaac , up two years: 55→42→39, var. Issac▼, Isaak▼, Izaac▼, Isac▼, Izaak▼, Izak▼, .. 13 more40.▲3 Leo , var. Lee▼, .. 8 more41.▼5 Connor , down more than three years: ..→35→36→41, var. Conner▼, Conor▼, Konnor▼, .. 1 more42.▼2 Edward , var. Edison, .. 26 more43.▲4 Finley , up more than three years: ..→60→47→4344.▲10 Logan , up more than three years: ..→63→54→44, var. Logen45.▲5 Noah , var. Noe▼, .. 4 more46.▼13 Cameron , down two years: 30→33→46, var. Kameron▼, .. 8 more47.▲10 Alex , up two years: 58→57→47, var. Alick, .. 10 more48.▼4 Owen , down two years: 34→44→48, var. Ewan▼, .. 5 more49.▲7 Rhys , var. Reece▼, Reese▼50.▼5 Nathan , down more than three years: ..→37→45→50, var. Nathen▼, .. 4 more51.▼14 Jamie , down two years: 32→37→51, var. Jamey, .. 4 more52.▼6 Michael , down two years: 42→46→52, var. Mikel▼, Mikael▼, Mikhail▼, Mykel▼, .. 47 more53.▲2 Mason , up more than three years: ..→61→55→5354.▼3 Toby , var. Tobee, .. 7 more55.▼6 Aaron , down two years: 43→49→55, var. Aron▼, .. 36 more56.▼4 Charles , down more than three years: ..→51→52→56, var. Caryl, .. 26 more57.▼9 Ben , down more than three years: ..→38→48→57, var. Bennie, .. 5 more58.▲15 Theo , up two years: 92→73→5859.▲1 Louis , var. Ludvik, .. 15 more60.▲3 Freddie , up more than three years: ..→65→63→60, var. Freddy▼61.▼2 Finlay , var. Finley▼, .. 14 more62.▲13 Leon , var. Lionisio, .. 4 more63.▲6 Harley , var. Harlie, .. 8 more64.▲6 David , var. Davidde, .. 20 more65.▲6 Mohammad , var. Mohamed▼, Muhammad▼ |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"How many bones are babies born with?"
] | How many bones do babies have? | Reference.com How many bones do babies have? A: Quick Answer A human baby is born with approximately 300 bones. As the child develops, some of these bones fuse together to form the 206 bones of the adult human skeleton. In fact, the newborn cranium has three infused plates at birth to allow the baby’s head to pass through the birth canal. The bones of the skull fuse together as the child ages. Full Answer Babies typically have more cartilage than adults, and much of the newborn skeleton is still cartilage at birth. Over time, this cartilage turns into bone by the process of ossification. Specialized cells called "osteoblasts" are responsible for making new bones and rebuilding damaged bones. For their skeletons to develop properly, babies require a tremendous amount of calcium, such as that found in breast milk and formula. A nursing mother often needs calcium supplements to prevent bone loss while breastfeeding. Another interesting fact is that the patella or kneecap in newborns is made entirely of cartilage and does not completely ossify until the child is 3 to 5 years old. This is why crawling toddlers do not seem to experience knee pain or trauma as they move around on the floor. The skeletal system is responsible for providing protection for the internal organs, supporting the body and facilitating movement. The skeletal system works very closely with the muscular system to perform these duties. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What does a noctambulist do?"
] | What does noctambulist mean? This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word noctambulist Princeton's WordNet(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: sleepwalker, somnambulist, noctambulist(noun) someone who walks about in their sleep Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: noctambulist(Noun) One who sleepwalks at night; a somnambulist. Origin: From noct- (night), ambul- (walk) and -ist (person who). Webster Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Noctambulist(noun) The numerical value of noctambulist in Chaldean Numerology is: 7 Pythagorean Numerology |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which US state is the setting for the 1971 film ‘The Last Picture Show’?"
] | The Last Picture Show (1971) Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) Background The Last Picture Show (1971) is an evocative and bittersweet slice-of-life 'picture show' from young newcomer, 31 year-old director Peter Bogdanovich, formerly a stage actor and film writer/critic. The screenplay was based on the novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry. [Bogdanovich had previously directed only two other smaller feature films, the low-budget Targets (1967) with Boris Karloff cast as a horror-movie star, and the awful Voyage to the Planet of Prehistoric Women (1968) with Mamie Van Doren.] This great picture, Bogdanovich's first major film, was a gritty, authentic-looking, black and white film (considered obsolete at the time since it was the first mainstream Hollywood feature film shot in B/W since the early 60s), with expressive, high-contrast cinematography by Robert Surtees. It was widely acclaimed at the time of its release. The film was noted as the director's tribute and homage to the classic films of legendary directors Howard Hawks ( Red River (1948) ), John Ford ( The Grapes of Wrath (1940) ), and Welles himself ( Citizen Kane (1941) ). [Old-time western film star Ben Johnson, who had starred in many classic films of the genre, including Ford's She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949), Shane (1953) , and The Wild Bunch (1969) , played the role of an old-time cowboy in the film. Orson Welles suggested to Bogdanovich that he should film in black and white. The film's theme is similar to Welles' The Magnificent Ambersons (1942) - about the passing of an earlier way of life due to the advent of the automobile at the turn of the century.] The episodic, bleak and mournful film was shot on location over an eleven-week period in northwestern Texas in a dusty, wind-swept, one-horse, declining small-town that was on the verge of being forgotten in the early 1950s. Bogdanovich's work recaptures and recreates the period of the early 50s (between WWII and the Korean War). One of the film's posters declared it as "the picture show that introduced America to the forgotten 50's." The rich character study with a non-star cast dispassionately (but affectionately) depicts the contrasting, mediocre lives of two generations of aimless townspeople with frustrated, unhappy, unfulfilled, routine, despairing and shallow lives (middle-aged adults and naive adolescent teenagers) who cling to the dying and barren town, and try to find solace and escape from boredom in lost dreams, drinking, temporary and manipulative sexual encounters (adulterous and promiscuous relationships), the local movie theatre's shows (and television), or by moving to the big city. Everyone knows everything about everyone else in the insular, claustrophobic town. The coming-of-age characters in the younger generation, and the characters in the older generation who only have their memories, include: Younger Generation a likeable, high-school athlete and senior (Jeff Bridges) another quiet, serious senior, his friend (Timothy Bottoms) his slow-witted, mute pal (Sam Bottoms) a teenaged temptress (Cybill Shepherd) an old-timer and ex-cowboy (Ben Johnson) a once-beautiful, lonely, alcoholic, philandering rich wife (Ellen Burstyn) a neglected, middle-aged (homosexual) coach's wife (Cloris Leachman) The time frame of the film, about a year-long period from November 1951 to the next late fall and told from the point-of-view of an 18 year old boy, chronicles how changes in the world, his own personal rites of passage, and the closing of the forlorn town's only 'picture show' (due to the coming of the isolating pablum of television) that marked the economically-battered community's death knell and the passing of an earlier era. The younger generation has little to look forward to, based on their elder's experiences. Another f |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which Italian-born fashion designer introduced the colour ‘Shocking Pink’ in 1936?"
] | Elsa Schiaparelli - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD Elsa Schiaparelli A word from the EIC Partnerships / Cooperations Become a fashion editor on FMD Content / Usage Questions Why am I listed on FMD? How can I submit content? Credifair (credit for your work) DMCA + Content MGMT the pure fashion news agency January 4th Pirelli's 2017 calendar features Oscar prize winners Sasha Pivovarova presents Pre-Spring collection from H & M Weekly News Roundup: Dec 26 - Dec 30 Alessandra Ambrosio is Harpers Bazaar Singapore January Cover Star About the designers Elsa Schiaparelli was the leading Parisian fashion designer of the 1920s and 30s after Coco Chanel. Elsa Schiaparelli was born in Rome on September 10, 1890, of Italian and Egyptian heritage. She was great-niece of Giovanni Schiaparelli, who discovered the canals of Mars. She had a colourful childhood, although she did many things to shock her parents. She caused a sensation when she attended a ball in Paris with material just wound around her body, when it started to unravel. When only 18, she married William de Wendt de Kerlor, a theosophist. She remained with him as he drifted around Europe, eventually reaching America, but he abandoned her when her daughter was born. She then returned to Paris, a young woman with a child to support. She tried to get a job with POIRET and Maggy ROUFF, unsuccessfully. However in 1928, she had some luck. She had drawn a design of a black sweater with a white trompe l'oeil bow at the neck. MAINBOCHER admired it and had it shown in the French VOGUE. Anita Loos purchased on, and a buyer for a New York store ordered 40 with skirts to go along with them. Elsa was surprised at the success of her sweater and recruited a group of Armenian women to knit them. She bought some good cheap material for the skirts, and rounded up another group of women to make these. "Schiap" was in business. She rented a studio at 4 rue de la Paix and put up her notice board "pour le sport". She started making clothes for Golf, tennis, skiing and swimming. Her designs started appearing in VOGUE. By 1929, she was selling all sorts of reversible, practical and convenient clothes. In 1930, she took over the downstairs studio and added "day wear and evening wear" to her notice board. The first of the Schiaparelli prints appeared. She experimented with costume jewellery. The early 30's saw Schiaparelli consolidated techniques, bringing together expert craftsmen for couture. A skilled atelier meant a finished garment and excellent construction following her genius as a designer. She sniffed out unusual materials like glass-like cellophane giving an illusion of transparency. Schiaparelli became famous for her black knit sweaters with a white bowtie pattern. She had a flair for the unusual and even hired Salvador Dal� to design fabric, producing a white dress with a lobster print. Schiaparelli was the first to use shoulder pads, hot pink, calling it shocking pink, in 1947, animal print fabrics, and zippers dyed the same colors as the fabrics. She is also well known for her surrealist designs of the 1930's, especially her hats, including one resembling a giant shoe and one a giant lamb chop, both which were famously worn by the Franco-American Singer sewing machine heiress Daisy Fellowes, who was one of Schiaparelli's best clients and who owned a pink gemstone that inspired the color shocking pink. She collaborated with many surrealist artists, Salvador Dal�, Jean Cocteau, and Alberto Giacometti, between 1936 and 1939. In 1934 Elsa Schiaparelli opened a shop in London and also moved her Paris salon to 21 place Vendome. In the window of her boutique she put Dali's handiwork along with other surrealist works, and it was a great attraction to people on their way to the Ritz Hotel nearby. In 1936 she introduced her Egyptian look with pagoda sleeves. In the same year the zipper was invented. Schiaparelli used it imaginatively in contrasting colours to her gowns. She used zippers in exposed places as decorations rather than hiding them away as fastenings. Furthermore in 1936 |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Grace Cathedral is in which US city?"
] | Grace Cathedral, San Francisco - TripAdvisor Want the lowest hotel prices? You're in the right place. We check 200+ sites for you. Grace Cathedral, San Francisco Is this attraction a "must-see" location? Yes Does this attraction provide visitors with a taste of the local culture? Yes Does this attraction have good scenic or skyline views? Yes Is this attraction good for couples? Yes Is this attraction pet friendly? Yes Would this be a good sunny day activity? Yes Would this be a good hot day activity? Yes Is this an outdoor attraction or activity? Yes Is this attraction popular with tourists? Yes No Unsure Does this attraction require above average amounts of physical activity (long walks, climbs, stairs or hikes)? Yes Map updates are paused. Zoom in to see updated info. Reset zoom Address: 1100 California St, San Francisco, CA 94108-2244 Phone Number: Sun 8:00 am - 7:00 pm Mon - Fri 7:00 am - 6:00 pm Sat 8:00 am - 6:00 pm Description: Grace Cathedral is home to a community where the best of Episcopal... Grace Cathedral is home to a community where the best of Episcopal tradition courageously embraces innovation and open-minded conversation, where inclusion is expected and people of all faiths are welcomed, where beliefs are put into action and where people are encouraged to seek God and progress on their own spiritual journeys. The cathedral itself, a renowned San Francisco landmark, serves as a magnet, where diverse people gather to worship, celebrate, seek solace, converse and learn.Famed as a destination for visitors from all over the world, the cathedral is known for its striking architecture, stained glass, singular collection of art, and Interfaith AIDS Memorial Chapel. read more |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Prior to Andy Murray, who was the last British tennis player to win the Wimbledon Men’s Singles Final?"
] | Andy Murray becomes first British man to win Wimbledon in 77 years after beating Djokovic in straight sets | Daily Mail Online He's done it! Murray the Magnificent becomes first British man to win Wimbledon in 77 years after beating Djokovic in straight sets Andy Murray from Dunblane, Scotland, becomes the first British Wimbledon champion since Fred Perry in 1936 He said the 15,000-strong crowd helped him through some tough battles on the court right up to his victory today Conditions were tough on Centre Court for both players in SW London as temperatures soared to more than 30C Girlfriend Kim Sears was at the forefront of the supporters in the players' box with Judy Murray, the Scot's mother Prime Minister David Cameron, Hollywood actor Bradley Cooper, and footballer Wayne Rooney also in the crowd |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"A flitch is another name for a side of what?"
] | Flitch - definition of flitch by The Free Dictionary Flitch - definition of flitch by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/flitch 1. A salted and cured side of bacon. 2. A longitudinal cut from the trunk of a tree. 3. One of several planks secured together to form a single beam. [Middle English flicche, from Old English flicce.] flitch 1. (Cookery) a side of pork salted and cured 2. (Cookery) a steak cut from the side of certain fishes, esp halibut 3. (Building) a piece of timber cut lengthways from a tree trunk, esp one that is larger than 4 by 12 inches vb (Building) (tr) to cut (a tree trunk) into flitches [Old English flicce; related to Old Norse flikki, Middle Low German vlicke, Norwegian flika; see flesh] flitch 1. a side of bacon salted and cured. 2. a. a piece, as a board, bolted together with others to form a beam. b. a thin piece of wood, as a veneer. c. a bundle of veneers, arranged as cut from the log. [before 900; Middle English flicche, Old English flicca; c. Middle Low German vlicke, Old Norse flikki] flitch I will have been flitching you will have been flitching he/she/it will have been flitching we will have been flitching you will have been flitching they will have been flitching Past Perfect Continuous flitch - fish steak usually cut from a halibut fish steak - cross-section slice of a large fish 2. side of pork - dressed half of a hog carcass bacon - back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried Translations [flɪtʃ] N flitch of bacon → hoja f de tocino flitch n → Speckseite f; (of halibut) → Heilbuttschnitte f Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: side of pork References in classic literature ? I trust well that a fool I mean, d'ye see me, sirs, a fool that is free of his guild and master of his craft, and can give as much relish and flavour to a cup of wine as ever a flitch of bacon can I say, brethren, such a fool shall never want a wise clerk to pray for or fight for him at a strait, while I can say a mass or flourish a partisan. View in context But to be a town councilor and discuss how many dustmen are needed, and how chimneys shall be constructed in the town in which I don't live--to serve on a jury and try a peasant who's stolen a flitch of bacon, and listen for six hours at a stretch to all sorts of jabber from the counsel for the defense and the prosecution, and the president cross-examining my old half-witted Alioshka, 'Do you admit, prisoner in the dock, the fact of the removal of the View in context Then good-bye and good-bye, and charming occasion worthy of the Golden Age, and more about the flitch of bacon, and the like of that; and Twemlow goes staggering across Piccadilly with his hand to his forehead, and is nearly run down by a flushed lettercart, and at last drops safe in his easy-chair, innocent good gentleman, with his hand to his forehead still, and his head in a whirl. View in context Among these issues are: 1) the veneer quality improvement associated with no "wobble" of the flitch when using the vacuum system as opposed to the hydraulic system, 2) improved safety for the associates as a result of not having to use the knife to steady the flitch during mounting, and 3) the adoption of state-of-the-art technology and its effect on competition and competitiveness. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Didymitis is the inflammation of which part of the human body?"
] | Is Your Body Burning Up with Hidden Inflammation? - Dr. Mark Hyman Is Your Body Burning Up with Hidden Inflammation? Views 311721 Is Your Body Burning Up with Hidden Inflammation? COULD SOMETHING AS SIMPLE as a quick and easy blood test save your life? Absolutely. It is called a C-reactive protein test, and it measures the degree of HIDDEN inflammation in your body. Finding out whether or not you are suffering from hidden inflammation is critical, because almost every modern disease is caused or affected by it. If your immune system and its ability to quell inflammation in your body are impaired, watch out. You are headed toward illness and premature aging. Fortunately, addressing the causes of inflammation and learning how to live an anti-inflammatory lifestyle can dramatically improve your health. Today, I am going to review what the primary causes of inflammation are and give you a simple, 7-step approach that will help you cool the fires raging out of control in your body. Cooling off Inflammation is Key #3 to UltraWellness and in this blog — the third in this 7-part series on the 7 Keys to UltraWellness — I am going to teach you how to do just that. The first step is to understand what inflammation is and why it can become so dangerous. Inflammation: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Everyone who has had a sore throat, rash, hives, or a sprained ankle knows about inflammation. These are normal and appropriate responses of the immune — your body’s defense system — to infection and trauma. This kind of inflammation is good. We need it to survive — to help us determine friend from foe. The trouble occurs when that defense system runs out of control, like a rebel army bent on destroying its own country. Many of us are familiar with an overactive immune response and too much inflammation. It results in common conditions like allergies, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease, and asthma. This is bad inflammation, and if it is left unchecked it can become downright ugly. What few people understand is that hidden inflammation run amok is at the root of all chronic illness we experience — conditions like heart disease, obesity, diabetes, dementia, depression, cancer, and even autism. A study of a generally “healthy” elderly population found that those with the highest levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 (two markers of systemic inflammation) were 260 percent more likely to die during the next 4 years. The increase in deaths was due to cardiovascular and other causes. We may feel healthy, but if this inflammation is raging inside of us, then we are in trouble. The real concern is not our response to immediate injury, infection, or insult. It is the chronic, smoldering inflammation that slowly destroys our organs and our ability to function optimally and leads to rapid aging. Common treatments such as anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen or aspirin) and steroids like prednisone — though often useful for acute problems — interfere with the body’s own immune response and can lead to serious and deadly side effects. Take, for example, a man who came to see me recently. He wanted to climb a mountain and asked for my help to get healthy. He was 57 years old and took about 15 medications for six different inflammatory conditions: high blood pressure, pre-diabetes, colitis, reflux, asthma, and an autoimmune disease of his hair follicles called alopecia. In fact, as many people die from taking anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen every year as die from asthma or leukemia. Stopping these drugs would be equivalent to finding the cure for asthma or leukemia –- that’s a bold statement, but the data is there to back it up. Meanwhile, the real effects of statin drugs like Lipitor in reducing heart disease may have nothing to do with lowering cholesterol, but with their unintended side effect of reducing inflammation. But is taking medication the right approach to addressing the problem of inflammation? No. It is DOWNSTREAM medicine. Here’s how UPSTREAM medicine thinks about inflammation … How to Locate the Causes of Hidden Inflam |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"What was the name of the convict ship which set sail from Britain in 1789 with the first cargo of female prisoners for a penal colony in Australia?"
] | Criminal transportees: further research - The National Archives Criminal ancestors: a guide to historical criminal records in England and Wales 3. Lists of convicts transported to North America and the West Indies An alphabetical list of men and women transported between 1614 and 1775, as well as where each person was tried, is printed in: The Complete Book of Emigrants in Bondage 1614-1775 by Peter Wilson Coldham He has also published a book called Bonded passengers to America , which gives a detailed overview of all the published sources of relevant records in The National Archives. Finding out more about a person transported to North America or the West Indies is likely to be difficult. You might be able to trace a person among legal records – see section 5. 4. Lists of convicts transported to Australia There is no single name index for transportees to Australia. There are, however, various lists of names of convicts, some in published books, others within records at The National Archives. Few of these contain any other biographical information. To find out more about a convict you will need to consult the records and sources suggested in sections 5 and 6 of this guide and in our introductory guide on criminal transportees . The names of the convicts transported with the First Fleet, which set sail in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January 1788, are listed in: The First Fleeters , edited by PG Fidlon and RJ Ryan The names of convicts transported on the second fleet of ships, which left in 1789 and during which 278 died, are listed in: The second fleet convicts , compiled and edited by RJ Ryan You can access the microfiche index to the New South Wales convict indents and ships compiled by the Genealogical Society of Victoria at The National Archives, Kew. It records the names and aliases of the convicts who arrived in New South Wales and Van Dieman’s Land between 1788 and 1842 and also indexes ships recorded on the same documents. 5. Tracing a convict in legal records You can find information about a transported convict amongst legal records, most commonly records of trials. Though a small percentage of trial records are searchable by the tried person’s name, to find most records of trials you will need to know when and where the trial was held. 5.1 Finding the place and date of trial Convicts were sentenced to transportation after trials at Courts of Assizes, Courts of Quarter Sessions or the Old Bailey. The Old Bailey was the assize court for London and Middlesex and parts of Essex, Kent and Surrey, and from 1834 became known as the Central Criminal Court. To find which court a convict was tried in and when the trial was held: search the criminal registers 1791-1892 by name, at Ancestry.co.uk (£); these are digitised versions of HO 26 and HO 27 records search the transportation registers 1787-1871 by name, on the State Library of Queensland website, for the name of the ship on which the convict sailed as well as the date and place of conviction and the term of the sentence; these are digitised versions of HO 11 records Search prison registers, which indicate where the prisoner was held before trial, and any movements from prison to prison – many include an index of prisoners. Many prison registers tell you the date or place of the trial. Search and download (£) images of the registers from the assorted crime records available on findmypast.co.uk. These are digitised from a range of National Archives’ record series including: registers of county prisons 1847-1866 by place in HO 23 prison registers and returns 1838-1875 in HO 24 miscellaneous registers relating to convict prison hulks, 1802-1849 in HO 9 quarterly returns of convicts in prisons and hulks, 1824-1876 in HO 8 lists of crews and convicts on convict hulks 1802-1831, in T 38 a list of hulks in 1830 in T 38/338 lists of prisoners tried at Newgate 1782-1853, in HO 77 calendars of prisoners held for trial at quarter sessions and assizes 1774-1882 in PCOM 2 A full list of the series available online is on the findmypast search page. Please note though, for |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Who played Christine Painter (a thinly disguised Cynthia Payne) in the 1987 film ‘Personal Services’?"
] | Personal Services -PT 6 - YouTube Personal Services -PT 6 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jan 6, 2009 Personal Services 1987 Julie Walters stars as "Christine Painter", a thinly-disguised Cynthia Payne, the legendary "House of Cyn" madam. Monty Pythonâs Terry Jones directs an affectionate, revealing and uproarious account of Painterâs adventures and the characters she meets along the way. Christineâs speciality is sex parties for elderly gentlemen and their proclivities. Unfortunately British law soon starts interfering with their discreet fun and games. Category |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In 1950, which US President ordered air and sea forces to defend South Korea?"
] | Korean War begins - Jun 25, 1950 - HISTORY.com Korean War begins Publisher A+E Networks Armed forces from communist North Korea smash into South Korea, setting off the Korean War. The United States, acting under the auspices of the United Nations, quickly sprang to the defense of South Korea and fought a bloody and frustrating war for the next three years. Korea, a former Japanese possession, had been divided into zones of occupation following World War II. U.S. forces accepted the surrender of Japanese forces in southern Korea, while Soviet forces did the same in northern Korea. Like in Germany, however, the “temporary” division soon became permanent. The Soviets assisted in the establishment of a communist regime in North Korea, while the United States became the main source of financial and military support for South Korea. On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces surprised the South Korean army (and the small U.S. force stationed in the country), and quickly headed toward the capital city of Seoul. The United States responded by pushing a resolution through the U.N.’s Security Council calling for military assistance to South Korea. (Russia was not present to veto the action as it was boycotting the Security Council at the time.) With this resolution in hand, President Harry S. Truman rapidly dispatched U.S. land, air, and sea forces to Korea to engage in what he termed a “police action.” The American intervention turned the tide, and U.S. and South Korean forces marched into North Korea. This action, however, prompted the massive intervention of communist Chinese forces in late 1950. The war in Korea subsequently bogged down into a bloody stalemate. In 1953, the United States and North Korea signed a cease-fire that ended the conflict. The cease-fire agreement also resulted in the continued division of North and South Korea at just about the same geographical point as before the conflict. The Korean War was the first “hot” war of the Cold War. Over 55,000 American troops were killed in the conflict. Korea was the first “limited war,” one in which the U.S. aim was not the complete and total defeat of the enemy, but rather the “limited” goal of protecting South Korea. For the U.S. government, such an approach was the only rational option in order to avoid a third world war and to keep from stretching finite American resources too thinly around the globe. It proved to be a frustrating experience for the American people, who were used to the kind of total victory that had been achieved in World War II. The public found the concept of limited war difficult to understand or support and the Korean War never really gained popular support. Related Videos |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Jimmy and Alison Porter are characters in which John Osborne play?"
] | Look Back in Anger Characters | GradeSaver Buy Study Guide Jimmy Porter Jimmy Porter is the play's main character. He is the "Angry Young Man" who expresses his frustration for the lack of feelings in his placid domestic life. Jimmy can be understood as both a hero for his unfiltered expressions of emotion and frustration in a culture that propagated unemotional resignation. He can also be considered a villain for the ways in which his anger proves to be destructive to those in his life. Cliff Lewis Cliff is a friend to both Jimmy and Alison. Cliff lives with them in their attic apartment. He is a working class Welsh man and Jimmy makes sure to often point out that he is "common" and uneducated. Cliff believes this is the reason that Jimmy keeps him as a friend. He is quite fond of Alison and they have a strange physically affectionate relationship throughout the play. Alison Porter Alison Porter is Jimmy's wife. She comes from Britain's upper class, but married into Jimmy's working class lifestyle. The audience learns in the first act that she is pregnant with Jimmy's child. Jimmy's destructive anger causes her great strain and she eventually leaves him. Her child miscarries and she comes back to Jimmy to show him that she has undergone great suffering. Helena Charles Helena Charles is Alison's best friend. She lives with them in their apartment while visiting for work. Helena is from an upper class family. She is responsible for getting Alison to leave Jimmy. She and Jimmy then begin an affair. Her sense of morality leads her to leave. She can be considered the play's moral compass. Colonel Redfern Colonel Redfern is Alison's father. He represents Britain's great Edwardian past. He was a military leader in India for many years before returning with his family to England. He is critical of Jimmy and Alison's relationship, but accepts that he is to blame for many of their problems because of his meddling in their affairs. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In which year did Patrick Moore present the first episode of ‘The Sky At Night’ on television?"
] | BBC Four - The Sky at Night - Sir Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore The Sky at Night Read more about sharing. Sir Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore Sir Patrick Moore, who died on December 9th 2012, was a man of extraordinary gifts who led a remarkable life. A tribute by the Sky at Night team He was born in 1923, in the same year as the BBC was founded, and for more than half a century Patrick’s career represented the BBC at its very best. for more than half a century Patrick’s career represented the BBC at its very best The Sky at Night team The BBC’s ethos was to educate, to inform and to entertain – and all three came naturally to Patrick – often at the same time and in the same sentence. He was much loved by viewers as a musician and entertainer, had a mischievous sense of humour and could more than hold his own as a comedian with the likes of Morecambe & Wise and the Two Ronnies, but Patrick was also an enthusiastic communicator of science to the widest possible audience. He was a distinguished astronomer but completely self-taught and always prided himself on being “just an amateur” while enjoying the recognition and respect of fellow scientists from all over the world. As a young man Patrick had played a key part in mapping the Moon and thereby he made possible the space missions and lunar explorations of both the USA and USSR. As a broadcaster he reported NASA’s Apollo missions and their manned landings on the Moon and he communicated these to his television audience with the boyish enthusiasm which stayed with him all his life. From the first broadcast in 1957 Sir Patrick went on to present The Sky at Night for over 55 years – making this the longest-running TV series anywhere in the world with the same presenter. As such, he introduced generations of people to the marvels of the night sky and by doing so changed countless lives by encouraging people to look up at the night skies and wonder. His own life - told here in his own words and with characteristic humility – is where it all began. In his own words, 2011 I was born in Pinner, but when I was six months old my parents moved to Bognor (it wasn't Bognor Regis then) and I am essentially a Sussex boy. My father was in the Army - he won the MC in the First World War - but I didn't take after him. My mother was a trained singer and a talented artist too. From her I inherited the music, but not the art! My interest in astronomy went back to the age of 7 Sir Patrick Moore My education was disjointed. The plan was Prep. School, Eton, Cambridge - I never made any of them. During my boyhood I was handicapped by heart trouble; I managed my Cambridge entrance exams externally, but then came the war, and I joined the RAF as a navigator with Bomber Command (I admit that I wasn't 100% honest about my age or fitness, but when I was found out it no longer mattered, and Flight-Lieutenant Caldwell-Moore was not even told that he had been a naughty boy). At the end of the war I returned home, then to East Grinstead. Cambridge was still open to me, but it meant taking a Government grant, which went against the grain. I prefer to stand on my own feet. My interest in astronomy went back to the age of 7, and I had several slices of luck; a small observatory was near me, I was able to use it, and I published my first paper (about the Moon) when I was 13. After the war, I wrote a book about the Moon; it caught on, and writing took over my life - farewell, Cambridge! I set up my own observatory, first at East Grinstead and then Selsey, and since then I have been a freelance writer. My aim was to spread interest about astronomy; in 1957 I began my TV series The Sky at Night, now in its 54th year of an unbroken run. Many leading astronomers and astronauts have joined me. I hope I have achieved my object, but that must be left for others to judge. I have been over most of the world, from Antarctica to Death Valley, so I have seen a great deal. I won't bore you with personal details. Suffice to say that Lorna, whom I was to marry, was killed by a German bomb when we were both twenty (1943!) and |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"‘Bowl of Fruit, Violin and Bottle’ is the work of which artist?"
] | 'Bowl of Fruit, Violin and Bottle', Pablo Picasso, 1914 | Tate L01895 Display caption This table-top scene, with its fruit-bowl, violin, bottle and (painted) newspaper, is constructed from areas of colour that resemble cut-out pieces of paper. The background has been left white. Picasso and Braque had been making collages that experimented with representation and reality since 1912. They soon began to simulate the appearance of collage materials in their oil paintings, sometimes adding sand to the paint to give a heightened reality to the picture surface. Gallery label, November 2012 |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The Kingdom of Lesotho is completely surrounded by which country?"
] | Lesotho Map / Geography of Lesotho / Map of Lesotho - Worldatlas.com Print this map Lesotho, officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a mountainous, landlocked country completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa , that was first settled by Bantu speaking people who called themselves the Basotho. During the 19th century, the Basothos fought a series of wars, under the ruling of Moshoeshoe, against Boer settlers from the Netherlands , resulting in an extensive loss of land. By 1868, the land (known as Basutoland) was placed under British protection, and the Boers were ordered to leave. In 1869 a treaty between the Boers and British was signed defining boundaries between the two. Unrest soon followed for the Basotho peoples, and they began fighting amongst themselves over the new land divisions. The Boers inability to control their territory resulted in the British regaining authority in 1884, and when the Union of South Africa was founded in 1910 Britain moved to transfer Basutoland into the new Union - much to the opposition of the people. The annexation was suspended, and in 1959 the new constitution allowed Basutoland its first elected legislature. On October 4, 1966, Basutoland attained full independence, and was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho. The Basotho National Party ruled until 1970, then a "de facto" government ruled until 1986 when a military coup forced the leader, Dr. Leabua Jonathan, out of office. Executive powers were then granted to the ceremonial monarch, King Moshoeshoe II. However, in 1987, the King was exiled after he prepared a document indicating how he wanted additional executive powers. His son, Letsie III, became King. In 1993, democratic government returned and Moshoeshoe II returned from exile as a regular citizen. In 1994, King Letsie III entered into negotiations to reinstate his father as the head of state. Letsie III abdicated the throne in favor of his father in 1995, but in January 1996, assumed the throne again after Moshoeshoe II died in an automobile accident. In 1998 the electoral structure of the country was reviewed, and the result was a brand new electoral system, one that ensured that the opposition would be represented in the National Assembly. Successful elections were held under this new system in May 2002. Lesotho now has a parliamentary form of government, with the Prime Minister as head and with executive authority. The king no longer possesses any executive authority, and is prohibited from participating in political initiatives and serves primarily in a ceremonial capacity. Lesotho's main economy is based on the exportation of diamonds along with water sold to South Africa . Regardless, nearly 40% of the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day. See Also |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Who played gay rights activist and politician Harvey Milk in the 2008 film ‘Milk’?"
] | Milk (2008) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC The story of Harvey Milk , and his struggles as an American gay activist who fought for gay rights and became California's first openly gay elected official. Director: a list of 32 titles created 10 Mar 2011 a list of 40 images created 16 Nov 2011 a list of 48 titles created 14 Feb 2014 a list of 28 images created 18 Nov 2015 a list of 30 titles created 7 months ago Search for " Milk " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 2 Oscars. Another 57 wins & 137 nominations. See more awards » Videos The story of a forbidden and secretive relationship between two cowboys, and their lives over the years. Director: Ang Lee Post-WWII Germany: Nearly a decade after his affair with an older woman came to a mysterious end, law student Michael Berg re-encounters his former lover as she defends herself in a war-crime trial. Director: Stephen Daldry 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.4/10 X In 1959, Truman Capote learns of the murder of a Kansas family and decides to write a book about the case. While researching for his novel In Cold Blood, Capote forms a relationship with one of the killers, Perry Smith, who is on death row. Director: Bennett Miller A look at tightrope walker Philippe Petit's daring, but illegal, high-wire routine performed between New York City's World Trade Center's twin towers in 1974, what some consider, "the artistic crime of the century." Director: James Marsh Alex Gibney exposes the haunting details of the USA's torture and interrogation practices during the War in Afghanistan. Director: Alex Gibney 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7/10 X The story of the life and career of the legendary rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles , from his humble beginnings in the South, where he went blind at age seven, to his meteoric rise to stardom during the 1950s and 1960s. Director: Taylor Hackford In New York City's Harlem circa 1987, an overweight, abused, illiterate teen who is pregnant with her second child is invited to enroll in an alternative school in hopes that her life can head in a new direction. Director: Lee Daniels Biopic of the iconic French singer Édith Piaf . Raised by her grandmother in a brothel, she was discovered while singing on a street corner at the age of 19. Despite her success, Piaf's life was filled with tragedy. Director: Olivier Dahan Two documentary filmmakers chronicle their time in Sonagchi, Calcutta and the relationships they developed with children of prostitutes who work the city's notorious red light district. Directors: Zana Briski, Ross Kauffman Stars: Kochi, Avijit Halder, Shanti Das Based on the events of the brutal Ugandan dictator Idi Amin's regime as seen by his personal physician during the 1970's. Director: Kevin Macdonald A faded country music musician is forced to reassess his dysfunctional life during a doomed romance that also inspires him. Director: Scott Cooper Filmmaker Davis Guggenheim follows Al Gore on the lecture circuit, as the former presidential candidate campaigns to raise public awareness of the dangers of global warming and calls for immediate action to curb its destructive effects on the environment. Director: Davis Guggenheim Edit Storyline Using flashbacks from a statement recorded late in life and archival footage for atmosphere, this film traces Harvey Milk's career from his 40th birthday to his death. He leaves the closet and New York, opens a camera shop that becomes the salon for San Francisco's growing gay community, and organizes gays' purchasing power to build political alliances. He runs for office with lover Scott Smith as his campaign manager. Victory finally comes on the same day Dan White wins in the city's conservative district. T |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The Democracy Monument is in which Asian city?"
] | Democracy Monument (Bangkok, Thailand): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor Neighborhood Profile Banglamphu While you’ll see skyscrapers in most parts of Bangkok, it’s the gilded roofs of ancient pagodas that adorn the skyline of Banglamphu, the city’s historical and most touristic district. Hordes of tourists flock to this area to tick quite a few must-see attractions off their to-do list, with the Grand Palace being the most spectacular of them all. Banglamphu is also home to Bangkok’s infamous tourist ghetto, centered around Khao San Road. Visit at night to feast on road-side pad thai, cheap beers and if you’re up for it, some dancing fueled by buckets of Thai whiskey. |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Which jockey won the 2003 Epsom Derby on Kris Kin?"
] | Kris Kin: Fallon’s 2003 Epsom Derby win | Turf Talk Kris Kin: Fallon’s 2003 Epsom Derby win Kris Kin: Fallon’s 2003 Epsom Derby win July 5, 2016 Tweet on Twitter AMONG all of Kieren Fallon’s great rides, his explosive performance on Sir Michael Stoute’s Kris Kin in the 2003 Epsom Derby is being hailed as perhaps his most memorable. Fallon (50) retired from race riding yesterday, battling with depression. He rode over 2,200 winners, won the UK Jockeys Title six times and has most of Europe’s major races to his name. Take a look at Fallon driving Kris Kin home in a goosebump finish featuring Pat Eddery on The Great Gatsby, Johnny Murtagh on Alamshar, Richard Quinn on Norse Dancer, Jamie Spencer on Ballestrini. TAGS |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Who wrote the play ‘The Night of the Iguana’?"
] | Audience Reviews for The Night of the Iguana ½ The Night of the Iguana is adapted from a play by Tennessee Williams and directed by John Huston. That said, it's almost unnecessary to explain the combination of intense, believable and uninhibited drama and towering performances from all actors. We are told the story of Reverend Shannon, a clergyman gone astray, torn to the bone between his passions and his devotion, who has gone to conduct religious-themed tours across Pacific Mexico after a "spooky" episode during a sermon in his former church. During the tour, an overexcited young girl does her best to take him over the edge and he enters a feverish, almost insane state of mind; from this point on he is left to battle the ill influences of the rest of the tourists, takes refuge at a friend's bungalow complex in Puerto Vallarta, and comes across a world-wandering sketch artist and her poet grandfather. The character of Shannon is played brilliantly by Richard Burton: an epic performance, one that flows effortlessly and empathetically from the wildest to the most peaceful states of mind. His portrayal of a man fighting his demons, slowly losing track of the limits between the "realistic" and the "fantastic" is perfect. Ava Gardner plays his hotel-owner friend, a smaller but fascinating role, also a collision of passion and frailty. In all truth, everyone, from Sue Lyon and her annoying squeals and Deborah Kerr's quietly dignified bohemian deliver solid work. However, in spite of all this, the most remarkable aspect of The Night of the Iguana, aside from the lush cinematography and scenery, is the way in which so much emotional turmoil happens in such short episodes. Passion and despair overflow in every scene, in every word -the dialogue is brilliant, absolutely quotable-, all while the film itself, the shots even, are very closed and restrained. It feels as if the entire film is about to implode. I still have to look more into Huston's work but The Night of the Iguana is a remarkable film and completely recommended. Elvira B |
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"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Mary of Teck was the wife of which British monarch?"
] | Mary of Teck (1867 - 1953) - Find A Grave Memorial City of Westminster Greater London, England British monarch, Queen consort of King George V. The daughter of the impoverished Francis, Duke of Teck and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, her full name and title at birth was Her Serene Highness Princess Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes of Teck, popularly known as Princess May. She was engaged to Prince Albert Victor, elder son of the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) in 1891. She accepted his proposal only because it was expected of her. After the prince's sudden death, she became engaged to his brother, Prince George, Duke of Clarence, with whom she had much more in common. They were married on July 6, 1893 at St. James Palace. Theirs was an exceptionally successful marriage, producing one daughter and five sons. Upon Edward VII's accession in 1901, the couple became Prince and Princess of Wales. Edward died in 1910, and they were crowned King and Queen on June 22, 1911. Widowed in 1936, Queen Mary lived to see her eldest son, Edward VIII abdicate the throne, her son George VI reign successfully, and her eldest granddaughter, Elizabeth, come to the throne in 1952. Regarded as the matriarch of the royal family, her funeral and lying-in-state created unprecedented scenes of public mourning. (bio by: Kristen Conrad) |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"The Philippines lie in which ocean?"
] | The Philippines The Philippines Official name: Republic of the Philippines Area: 300,000 square kilometers (115,800 square miles) Highest point on mainland: Mount Apo (2,954 meters/9,692 feet) Lowest point on land: Sea level Hemispheres: Northern and Eastern P.M. = noon GMT Longest distances: 1,851 kilometers (1,150 miles) from south-southeast to north-northwest, 1,062 kilometers (660 miles) from east-northeast to west-southwest Land boundaries: None Coastline: 36,289 kilometers (22,499 miles) Territorial sea limits: Determined by treaty and irregular in shape, extending up to 185 kilometers (100 nautical miles) from shore in some locations 1 LOCATION AND SIZE The Philippines is an archipelago in southeastern Asia, located between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. With an area of about 300,000 square kilometers (115,800 square miles), the country is slightly larger than the state of Arizona. The Philippines is divided into seventy-three provinces. 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES The Philippines has no outside territories or dependencies. 3 CLIMATE The Philippines has a tropical maritime climate with two seasons. From November through April, the northeast monsoon brings rain, and from May through October, the southwest monsoon brings cool, dry weather. The average temperature is 27°C (80°F) with a range between 23°C and 32°C (73°F and 90°F). Humidity averages 77 percent. The annual average rainfall varies from 96 to 406 centimeters (38 to 106 inches). The northern islands are often heavily affected by seasonal typhoons, which cause destructive winds and flooding rains. 4 TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS The very complex and volcanic origin of most of the Philippine islands is visible in their varied and rugged terrain. A number of the volcanoes are still active. Mountain ranges divide most of the island surfaces into narrow coastal strips and low-lying interior plains or valleys. The islands are subject to flooding and destructive earthquakes. 5 OCEANS AND SEAS Seacoast and Undersea Features All of the waters surrounding the Philippines are branches of the Pacific Ocean. The eastern coast of the Philippines faces the Philippine Sea, where the Philippine Trough (Emden Deep) plunges to 10,430 meters (34,219 feet). The northwest coast faces the South China Sea. The southwest surrounds the Sulu Sea on three sides. The Celebes (Sulawesi) Sea is in the south, between the island of Mindanao and the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. The Bohol Sea is to the north of Mindanao. The Visayan Sea is encircled by Panay, Masbate, Cebu, Negros, and other islands. The Sibuyan Sea meets southern Luzon and eastern Mindoro. The Camotes Sea lies between Cebu, Leyte, and Bohol. The Samar Sea is between Samar and Masbate. Sea Inlets and Straits There are countless straits between the Philippine islands. Principal among them are the San Bernadino Strait and Verde Island Passage, both of which permit ocean travel across the northern part of the archipelago. The Surigao Strait allows travel between the Pacific and the Bohol Sea in the south. The Mindoro Strait lies between Mindoro and the Calamian Group of islands. A number of channels north of the country make up the Luzon Strait, separating that island from Taiwan. Islands and Archipelagos The Philippine Archipelago contains about 7,100 islands and extends over 1,609 kilometers (1,000 miles) from north to south. Only 154 of the islands exceed 13 square kilometers (5 square miles) in area. The two largest islands, Luzon in the north and Mindanao in the south, comprise about 65 percent of the total land area of the archipelago. The largest of the Philippine islands, Luzon, has an area of 104,687 square kilometers (40,420 square miles). The main part of the island is roughly 402 kilometers (250 miles) |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"How many times does the word ‘eternity’ appear in the King James version of the Bible?"
] | How many times is hell mentioned in the Bible? The HyperTexts How many times is "hell" mentioned in the Bible? How often does the word "hell" appear in the Bible? As the table below demonstrates, according to the consensus opinion of modern Bible scholars, the word "hell" as a place of eternal suffering was never mentioned, not even a single time, in the Hebrew Bible! In fact, the Hebrew language lacks any word that means "hell." That's a very curious omission, if an all-wise God gave the Bible to the ancient Hebrew prophets! And while some Bible translations still contain a small handful of cryptic references to "hell" in the New Testament, those references raise a perplexing question: Why does "hell" suddenly pop up in a few stray verses here and there in the later-written books of the Bible, when in earlier biblical chronologies covering thousands of years there had never been any mention of "hell" or any possibility of suffering after death? Other questions addressed here include: Where is hell located, according to the Bible? Is hell on earth, underground, or somewhere else? Is hell eternal? Will human beings go to hell forever? Will Satan and other fallen angels go to hell forever? When was hell added to the Bible? Why was hell added to the Bible, if God and the Hebrew prophets never mentioned it at all? Is there any proof of hell in the Bible? If these questions interest you, they are answered below the table. According to the consensus opinion of modern Bible scholars, the word "hell" did not appear a single time, not even once, in the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament (OT). And the word "hell" is very hard to find in the New Testament (NT) as well. You can easily confirm this fact yourself, by using an online Bible search tool to scan various Bible translations for the word "hell." Or you can save time and effort by referring to the table below, which was produced by Gary Amirault, a Bible scholar who has extensively researched and written about the question of "hell" as a biblical teaching. I have added two translations to his original list: the Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB), sponsored by the famously literal and conservative Southern Baptist Convention, and the New American Bible Revised Edition (NABRE), produced by more than a hundred Bible scholars working for the Roman Catholic Church. The word "hell" does not appear in the Bible because: (1) The Hebrew word Sheol clearly means "the grave," not "hell." Everyone went to Sheol when they died, not just the wicked. Sheol was not a place of suffering, because in Job 14:13, a much-beset Job asked to go to Sheol to escape suffering! He clearly meant that if he died, his suffering would end in the grave. Sheol was not a place where God was absent, because King David said in Psalm 139:8 that when he made his bed in Sheol (i.e., when he died and was laid in his grave), God would still be with him. And Sheol was not an eternal inescapable prison, because in Psalm 49:15 the Sons of Korah said that God would redeem them from Sheol, by which they meant that they would be resurrected from the grave to new life. Furthermore, the prophet Ezekiel and the apostle Paul agreed that all Israel would be saved, and yet in Genesis 37:35, Israel himself said that he would be reunited with his son Joseph in Sheol. How can all Israel be saved if Israel himself is in "hell"? In each case Sheol clearly means "the grave" or "the abode of all the dead, good and bad" and cannot be interpreted as "hell" unless "hell" is heaven! (2) The Greek word Hades also clearly means "the grave" not "hell." Everyone went to Hades when they died, not just the wicked. Hades contained heavenly regions like the Elysian Fields and the Blessed Isles. The Greek hell was Tartarus, which is discussed below, in section 4. (3) The place name Gehenna does not mean "hell" because Gehenna is a valley in Israel also known in Hebrew as Gehinnom, or the Valley of Hinnom. Today Gehenna is a lovely park and tourist attraction. Wonderful archeological discoveries have been m |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"Mercury Seven, also referred to as the Original Seven, were a group of what?"
] | Today in History: April 9, 1959 – First U.S. Astronauts, called The Mercury Seven, are introduced. Today in History: April 9, 1959 – First U.S. Astronauts, called The Mercury Seven, are introduced. Posted on April 9, 2012 by Art On April 9, 1959, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) introduces America’s first astronauts to the press. The seven men, all military test pilots, were carefully selected from a group of 32 candidates to take part in Project Mercury, America’s first manned space program. Known as the Mercury Seven, they are also referred to as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1. This was the only astronaut group with members that flew on all classes of NASA manned orbital spacecraft of the 20th century; Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and the Space Shuttle. These seven original American astronauts were Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, John Glenn, Scott Carpenter, Wally Schirra, Gordon Cooper, and Deke Slayton. The Mercury Seven - Gordo Cooper, Scott Carpenter, John Glenn, Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra and Deke Slayton The Mercury Seven (March 1960) front row, left to right, Walter H. Schirra, Jr., Donald K. Slayton, John H. Glenn, Jr., and Scott Carpenter; back row, Alan B. Shepard, Jr., Virgil I. Gus Grissom, and L. Gordon Cooper. |
[
"Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question",
"In which year were the Academy Awards first broadcast on television?"
] | First Academy Awards telecast on NBC - Mar 19, 1953 - HISTORY.com First Academy Awards telecast on NBC Share this: First Academy Awards telecast on NBC Author First Academy Awards telecast on NBC URL Publisher A+E Networks On this night in 1953, for the first time, audiences are able to sit in their living rooms and watch as the movie world’s most prestigious honors, the Academy Awards, are given out at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood, California. Organized in May 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was envisioned as a non-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of the film industry. The first Academy Awards were handed out in May 1929, in a ceremony and banquet held in the Blossom Room of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. The level of suspense was nonexistent, however, as the winners had already been announced several months earlier. For the next 10 years, the Academy gave the names of the winners to the newspapers for publication at 11 p.m. on the night of the awards ceremony; this changed after one paper broke the tacit agreement and published the results in the evening edition, available before the ceremony began. A sealed envelope system began the next year, and endures to this day, making Oscar night Hollywood’s most anticipated event of the year. Public interest in the Oscars was high from the beginning, and from the second year on the ceremony was covered in a live radio broadcast. The year 1953 marked the first time that the Academy Awards were broadcast on the fledgling medium of television. The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) TV network carried the 25th annual awards ceremony live from Hollywood’s RKO Pantages Theatre. Bob Hope was the master of ceremonies, while Fredric March, a two-time Academy Award winner for Best Actor (for 1932’s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and 1946’s The Best Years of Our Lives), presented the awards. The statuette for Best Picture went to Cecil B. DeMille’s The Greatest Show on Earth, while John Ford won Best Director for The Quiet Man. Winners in the top two acting categories were Gary Cooper (High Noon) and Shirley Booth (Come Back, Little Sheba). Hope, a star of stage and screen who tirelessly performed in United Service Organization (USO) shows for American troops during World War II, would become a mainstay of the new TV medium. He was also the most venerated Academy Awards host, playing MC no fewer than 18 times between 1939 and 1977. NBC broadcast the Oscars until 1961, when the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) took over for the next decade, including the first awards broadcast in color in 1966. Although NBC briefly regained the show in the early 1970s, ABC came out on top again in 1976 and has broadcast every Academy Awards show since. The network is under contract to continue showing the Oscars until 2014. Ratings for the Academy Awards have been notoriously uneven, with larger audiences tending to tune in when box-office hits are nominated for high-profile awards such as Best Picture. When Titanic won big in 1998, for example, the Oscar telecast drew 55 million viewers; the triumph of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King in 2004 drew 44 million. The 80th Academy Awards ceremony, held in February 2008, drew the lowest ratings since 1953, with a total of about 32 million viewers–just 18.7 percent of America’s homes–tuned in to the telecast. Analysts blamed the relative obscurity of the Best Picture nominees–the winner, No Country For Old Men, made a relatively puny $64 million at the box office–and the lingering effects of a Hollywood writers’ strike for the poor viewer turnout. Related Videos |
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