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Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Rimsky-Korsakov was born in Tikhvin, 200 kilometers (120 miles) east of Saint Petersburg, into a Russian noble family."
}
] |
El5ayhwsrIbdR914q8R5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "The Rimsky-Korsakov family had a long line of military and naval service."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Professorship, marriage, inspector of bands",
"text": "Professorship brought Rimsky-Korsakov financial security, which encouraged him to settle down and to start a family."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Operas",
"text": "\"American music critic and journalist Harold C. Schonberg wrote that the operas \"open up a delightful new world, the world of the Russian East, the world of supernaturalism and the exotic, the world of Slavic pantheism and vanished races."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Professorship, marriage, inspector of bands",
"text": "He discussed arrangements of musical works for military band with bandmasters, encouraged and reviewed their efforts, held concerts at which he could hear these pieces, and orchestrated original works, and works by other composers, for military bands."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Increasing conservatism; second creative drought",
"text": "Another death brought about a creative renewal."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1905 Revolution",
"text": "\" Hearing these works led him to appreciate his place in the world of classical music."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "All at once I had been plunged into a new world, unknown to me, formerly only heard of in the society of my dilettante friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Professorship, marriage, inspector of bands",
"text": "The composer commented, \"I parted with delight with both my military status and my officer's uniform\", he later wrote."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Using his friendship with Aleksey Arakcheyev, he managed to grant them all the privileges of the noble family."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "In November 1861, Kanille introduced the 18-year-old Nikolai to Mily Balakirev."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Rimsky-Korsakov was born in Tikhvin, 200 kilometers (120 miles) east of Saint Petersburg, into a Russian noble family."
}
] |
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov was brought into this world by a poor military family.
| 0 | 0 |
Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "The Israeli playwright Hanoch Levin also wrote his own version of the play, adding more disturbing scenes and scatological details."
}
] |
Elfw79c7AwGiPTik6PVo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "What follows shows how much the Trojan women have suffered as their grief is compounded when the Greeks dole out additional deaths and divide their shares of women."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "Charles L. Mee adapted The Trojan Women in 1994 to have a more modern, updated outlook on war."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Andromache's lot is to be the concubine of Achilles' son Neoptolemus, and more horrible news for the royal family is yet to come: Talthybius reluctantly informs her that her baby son, Astyanax, has been condemned to die."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "With staging by Romanian-born theater director Andrei Serban and music by American composer Elizabeth Swados, this production of The Trojan Women went on to tour more than thirty countries over the course of forty years."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "The Israeli playwright Hanoch Levin also wrote his own version of the play, adding more disturbing scenes and scatological details."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "The Gate to Women's Country. Christine Evans reworks and modernizes the Trojan Women story in her 2009 play Trojan Barbie."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Hecuba will be taken away with the Greek general Odysseus, and Cassandra is destined to become the conquering general Agamemnon's concubine."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "Trojan Barbie is a postmodern updating, which blends the modern and ancient worlds,"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She sings a wedding song for herself and Agamemnon that describes their bloody deaths."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "David Stuttard’s 2001 adaptation, Trojan Women, written in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, has toured widely within the UK and been staged internationally."
}
] |
There was a more modern adaptation of 'The Trojan Women" made by a man from Israel, which was decidedly less grotesque, censoring much of the violence and removing a majority of the "crude" content like sex, concubines, abuse, and death, which were found offensive.
| 0 | 1 |
The Trojan Women
|
History
| 10 |
[
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "Charles's beheading was scheduled for Tuesday, 30 January 1649."
}
] |
Eln4d9UmW0iPlr0f3CqY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "On the day after the execution, the king's head was sewn back onto his body, which was then embalmed and placed in a lead coffin."
},
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "Two of his children remained in England under the control of the Parliamentarians: Elizabeth and Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "The clean strike, confirmed by an examination of the king's body at Windsor in 1813, suggests that the execution was carried out by an experienced headsman."
},
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "\"He walked under guard from St James's Palace, where he had been confined, to the Palace of Whitehall, where an execution scaffold had been erected in front of the Banqueting House."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649."
},
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "He blamed his fate on his failure to prevent the execution of his loyal servant Strafford: \"An unjust sentence that I suffered to take effect, is punished now by an unjust sentence on me.\" He declared that he had desired the liberty and freedom of the people as much as any, \"but I must tell you that their liberty and freedom consists in having government ... It is not their having a share in the government; that is nothing appertaining unto them."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Charles provoked further unrest by trying to raise money for the war through a \"forced loan\": a tax levied without parliamentary consent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Anti-Calvinists—known as Arminians—believed that human beings could influence their own fate through the exercise of free will."
},
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "Charles was separated from spectators by large ranks of soldiers, and his last speech reached only those with him on the scaffold."
},
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "The king's son, Charles II, later planned for an elaborate royal mausoleum to be erected in Hyde Park, London, but it was never built."
},
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "Charles's beheading was scheduled for Tuesday, 30 January 1649."
}
] |
Charles I of England was executed through hanging.
| 6 | 11 |
Charles I of England
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was produced for StudioCanal and filmed in England."
}
] |
EmDoTorpU7Ns3tJ6olSv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Distributed in most of the world by Universal Studios, it was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 7 September 2007 and in North America on 7 December 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Along with a worldwide theatrical distribution which was managed by Universal Pictures, with minor releases through other divisions on 7 September 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Atonement was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 7 September 2007, and in North America on 7 December 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "The film also opened at the 2007 Vancouver International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "The film opened at the 2007 Venice International Film Festival, making Wright, at 35, the youngest director ever to be so honoured."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Atonement has been named among the Top 10 Films of 2007 by the Austin Film Critics Association, the Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association, New York Film Critics Online and the Southeastern Film Critics Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The film followed a DVD release on 4 February 2010 on Amazon in the UK and in Blu-ray with a release on 27 May 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Atonement was released on DVD in the US on 3 January 2008 in region 2, and followed a release in Blu-ray edition on 13 March 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atonement opened both the 2007 Vancouver International Film Festival and the 64th Venice International Film Festival, making Wright, at the age of 35, the youngest director ever to open the latter event."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In Britain, the film was listed as #3 on Empire's Top 25 Films of 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was produced for StudioCanal and filmed in England."
}
] |
The film Atonement was filmed at Universal Studios in Florida and released in 2007.
| 3 | 5 |
Atonement (film)
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | High-rise construction",
"text": "A new master plan for the city will see many high-rise buildings, including skyscrapers, built in certain, designated areas of downtown Jerusalem."
}
] |
EmGhxF3XCgSQLpHEGxAX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | High-rise construction",
"text": "The complex is expected to attract many businesses from Tel Aviv, and become the city's main business hub."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | High-rise construction",
"text": "A new master plan for the city will see many high-rise buildings, including skyscrapers, built in certain, designated areas of downtown Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | High-rise construction",
"text": "About 18 tall buildings were built at different times in the downtown area when there was no clear policy over the matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | High-rise construction",
"text": "Eleven of the skyscrapers will be either office or apartment buildings, and one will be a 2,000-room hotel."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | High-rise construction",
"text": "In addition, a complex for the city's courts and the prosecutor's office will be built, as well as new buildings for Central Zionist Archives and Israel State Archives."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | High-rise construction",
"text": "At the entrance to the city, near the Jerusalem Chords Bridge and the Central Bus Station, twelve towers rising between 24 and 33 stories will be built, as part of a complex that will also include an open square and an underground train station serving a new express line between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, and will be connected by bridges and tunnels."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | High-rise construction",
"text": "Jerusalem has traditionally had a low-rise skyline."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mamluk period",
"text": "In the wider region and until around 1300, many clashes occurred between the Mamluks on one side, and the crusaders and the Mongols, on the other side."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | High-rise construction",
"text": "The skyscrapers built throughout the city are expected to contain public space, shops, restaurants, and entertainment venues, and it has been speculated that this may lead to a revitalization of downtown Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "Education | Universities",
"text": "To attract more university students to Jerusalem, the city has begun to offer a special package of financial incentives and housing subsidies to students who rent apartments in downtown Jerusalem."
}
] |
The downtown region in Jerusalem has many tall sky scrapers and high rise apartment complexes with many business offices every where.
| 0 | 0 |
Jerusalem
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "In other cases, glaciers can move as fast as 20–30 m (70–100 ft) per day, such as in Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbræ."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "Mean glacial speed varies greatly but is typically around 1 m (3 ft) per day."
}
] |
EmlwFESfvscnHD4lpLCL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "In glaciated areas where the glacier moves faster than one km per year, glacial earthquakes occur."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "In other cases, glaciers can move as fast as 20–30 m (70–100 ft) per day, such as in Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbræ."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "Mean glacial speed varies greatly but is typically around 1 m (3 ft) per day."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "Temporary rates up to 90 m (300 ft) per day have occurred when increased temperature or overlying pressure caused bottom ice to melt and water to accumulate beneath a glacier."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "Friction makes the ice at the bottom of the glacier move more slowly than ice at the top."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "The speed of glacial displacement is partly determined by friction."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Fracture zone and cracks",
"text": "If two rigid sections of a glacier move at different speeds or directions, shear forces cause them to break apart, opening a crevasse."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "Glacial speed is affected by factors such as slope, ice thickness, snowfall, longitudinal confinement, basal temperature, meltwater production, and bed hardness."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion",
"text": "Glaciers also move through basal sliding."
},
{
"section_header": "Glacial geology",
"text": "Glaciers in lower latitudes tend to be much more erosive than glaciers in higher latitudes, because they have more meltwater reaching the glacial base and facilitate sediment production and transport under the same moving speed and amount of ice."
}
] |
Some glaciers move up to 150ft per 24 hours as an average speed.
| 0 | 0 |
Glacier
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was created through a restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries."
}
] |
Emtg65acrgQQHSmJhGo1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Investments and acquisitions | Acquisitions",
"text": "Flatiron Health, a startup founded by two former Google employees and backed by Alphabet, Inc., announced that it was to be acquired by health conglomerate Hoffmann-La Roche for $1.8 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Investments and acquisitions | Investments",
"text": "In November 2017, Alphabet Inc. led a Series A round of $71 million along with Andreessen Horowitz and 20th Century Fox in music startup UnitedMasters, founded by Steve Stoute."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Before it became a subsidiary of Alphabet, Google Inc. was first structured as the owner of Alphabet."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Alphabet would be created to restructure Google by moving subsidiaries from Google to Alphabet, narrowing Google's scope."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "He also said that he was currently meeting with the CEOs of the current and proposed Alphabet subsidiaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Revenue",
"text": "On February 1, 2016, Alphabet Inc. surpassed Apple to become the world's most valuable publicly traded company until February 3, 2016, when Apple surged back over Alphabet to retake the position."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alphabet is the world's fourth-largest technology company by revenue and one of the world's most valuable companies."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In his announcement, Page described the planned holding company as follows: Alphabet is mostly a collection of companies."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Sundar Pichai, the CEO of Google, is to assume the CEO role at Alphabet while retaining the same at Google."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was created through a restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries."
}
] |
Alphabet was founded in the 2010s.
| 0 | 0 |
Alphabet Inc.
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "heir to the Hilton Hotels chain, at the Church of the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills on May 6, 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "Taylor was 18 when she married Conrad \"Nicky\" Hilton Jr.,"
}
] |
Enpqtka8BjRoBed2mEe8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Transition to adult roles (1950–1951)",
"text": "It was released in May. That same month, Taylor married hotel-chain heir Conrad Hilton Jr. in a highly publicized ceremony."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "heir to the Hilton Hotels chain, at the Church of the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills on May 6, 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "As Fisher was still married to actress Debbie Reynolds, the affair resulted in a public scandal, with Taylor being branded a \"homewrecker\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Career decline (1968–1979)",
"text": "Zee and Co., which portrayed Michael Caine and her as a troubled married couple, won her the David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She continued her career successfully into the 1960s, and remained a well-known public figure for the rest of her life."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "Taylor and Fisher were married at the Temple Beth Sholom in Las Vegas on May 12, 1959; she later stated that she married him only due to her grief."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "Taylor was 18 when she married Conrad \"Nicky\" Hilton Jr.,"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Critical acclaim (1956–1960)",
"text": "Taylor won her first Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Stage and television roles; retirement (1980–2007)",
"text": "She made cameos in the soap operas Hotel and All My Children in 1984, and played a brothel keeper in the historical mini-series North and South in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "They were married on December 4, 1976, after which Taylor concentrated on working for his electoral campaign."
}
] |
Eilzabeth Taylor is a known actress that married an heir to a hotel chain when she was 17.
| 1 | 3 |
Elizabeth Taylor
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Catch-22 is a satirical war novel by American author Joseph Heller."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "His experiences as a bombardier during World War II inspired Catch-22; Heller later said that he \"never had a bad officer\"."
}
] |
EoNTEI2UqhOE44nbftzN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Selected releases",
"text": "Heller, Joseph (June 1961) [1961]."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Catch-22 is a satirical war novel by American author Joseph Heller."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected releases",
"text": "Heller, Joseph (1961). Heller, Joseph (1961). Catch-22 (advance paperback with signed bookplate)."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Czech writer Arnošt Lustig recounts in his book 3x18 that Joseph Heller told him that he would never have written"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He began writing it in 1953; the novel was first published in 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Although the novel won no awards upon release, it has remained in print and is seen as one of the most significant American novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The anti-war reputation of the novel was fueled instead by the pacifist, anti-war ethos among young Americans surrounding the Vietnam War."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected releases",
"text": "ISBN 0-684-86513-0. Heller, Joseph (1980)."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected releases",
"text": "ISBN 0-7366-8962-1. Heller, Joseph (1984)."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected releases",
"text": "ISBN 0-694-50253-7. Heller, Joseph (1990)."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "His experiences as a bombardier during World War II inspired Catch-22; Heller later said that he \"never had a bad officer\"."
}
] |
The 1961 American novel Catch-22 was written by Joseph Heller who served in WWII.
| 0 | 0 |
Catch-22
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Goodwill Spalding (September 2, 1849 – September 9, 1915) was an American pitcher, manager, and executive in the early years of professional baseball, and the co-founder of A.G. Spalding sporting goods company."
}
] |
EowyYiEVYmEgDeki809p
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He died of a stroke on September 9, 1915, in San Diego, one week after his 66th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Goodwill Spalding (September 2, 1849 – September 9, 1915) was an American pitcher, manager, and executive in the early years of professional baseball, and the co-founder of A.G. Spalding sporting goods company."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Organizer and executive",
"text": "Each signed the league's constitution, and the National League was officially born."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Organizer and executive",
"text": "In the months after signing for Chicago, Hulbert and Spalding organized the National League by enlisting the two major teams in the East and the four other top teams in what was then considered to be the West, also known as the jungle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born and raised in Byron, Illinois yet graduated from Rockford Central High School in Rockford, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Tour",
"text": "In 1888–1889, Spalding took a group of major league players around the world to promote baseball and Spalding sporting goods."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With William Hulbert, Spalding organized the National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "To aid him in this venture, Hulbert enlisted the help of Spalding."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spalding set a trend when he started wearing a baseball glove."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Rulemaker",
"text": "Spalding published the first official rules guide for baseball."
}
] |
Al Spalding was born and died in the month of September.
| 0 | 0 |
Al Spalding
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Goodall has been married twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 60-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees since she first went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania in 1960.She"
}
] |
Eoy7dLIgyoK5tLMFAHGb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Gary Larson cartoon incident",
"text": "One of Gary Larson's Far Side cartoons shows two chimpanzees grooming."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition | Honours",
"text": "Time magazine named Goodall as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Research at Gombe Stream National Park",
"text": "The chimps at Gombe kill and eat as much as one-third of the colobus population in the park each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Goodall has been married twice."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Gary Larson cartoon incident",
"text": "One finds a blonde human hair on the other and inquires, \"Conducting a little more 'research' with that Jane Goodall tramp?\" Goodall herself was in Africa at the time, and the Jane Goodall Institute thought this was in bad taste and had its lawyers draft a letter to Larson and his distribution syndicate in which they described the cartoon as an \"atrocity\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Jane Goodall Institute",
"text": "The rehabilitation houses over a hundred chimps over its three islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Jane Goodall Institute",
"text": "Goodall is also a board member for the world's largest chimpanzee sanctuary outside of Africa, Save the Chimps in Fort Pierce, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Africa",
"text": "Today, the field of primatology is made up almost evenly of men and women, in part thanks to the trailblazing of Goodall and her encouragement of young women to join the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Jane Goodall Institute",
"text": "Today, Goodall devotes virtually all of her time to advocacy on behalf of chimpanzees and the environment, travelling nearly 300 days a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Africa",
"text": "Goodall has stated that women were not accepted in the field when she started her research in the late 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 60-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees since she first went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania in 1960.She"
}
] |
Jane Goodall is a women who has been married two times and is an expert on chimps.
| 1 | 5 |
Jane Goodall
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel follows the exploits of the eponymous James (Jim) Dixon, a reluctant lecturer at an unnamed provincial English university."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lucky Jim is a novel by Kingsley Amis, first published in 1954 by Victor Gollancz."
}
] |
Ep6Bk7w4W8CdsBWHg01Z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jim Dixon is a lecturer in medieval history at a red brick university in the English Midlands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel follows the exploits of the eponymous James (Jim) Dixon, a reluctant lecturer at an unnamed provincial English university."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and legacy",
"text": "Christopher Hitchens described it as the funniest book of the second half of the 20th century, writing: \"Lucky Jim illustrates a crucial human difference between the little guy and the small man."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and legacy",
"text": "When originally published, Lucky Jim received enthusiastic reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lucky Jim is a novel by Kingsley Amis, first published in 1954 by Victor Gollancz."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and television adaptations",
"text": "In 2003, ITV aired a remake of Lucky Jim with Stephen Tompkinson playing the central character."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lucky Jim is dedicated to Larkin, who helped to inspire the main character and contributed significantly to the structure of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Time magazine included Lucky Jim in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and television adaptations",
"text": "\"Olivia Laing, writing in The Guardian: \"Remarkable for its relentless skewering of artifice and pretension, Lucky Jim also contains some of the finest comic set pieces in the language.\" In the 1957 British film adaptation, Jim Dixon was played by Ian Carmichael."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and television adaptations",
"text": "Keith Barron starred in The Further Adventures of Lucky Jim, a 1982 seven-episode BBC TV series based on the character and set in the \"swinging London\" of 1967."
}
] |
Lucky Jim is a book and is about a lecturer at an university.
| 0 | 0 |
Lucky Jim
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Electronegativity cannot be directly measured and must be calculated from other atomic or molecular properties."
}
] |
EpAwX9PUMFUC2ClUVSrq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Correlation of electronegativity with other properties",
"text": "the more polar the bond that will be formed between them, with the atom having the higher electronegativity being at the negative end of the dipole."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Electronegativity cannot be directly measured and must be calculated from other atomic or molecular properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Correlation of electronegativity with other properties",
"text": "Both these measurements depend on the s-electron density at the nucleus, and so are a good indication that the different measures of electronegativity really are describing \"the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The opposite of electronegativity is electropositivity: a measure of an element's ability to donate electrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Electropositivity",
"text": "Electropositivity is a measure of an element's ability to donate electrons, and therefore form positive ions; thus, it is opposed to electronegativity."
},
{
"section_header": "Trends in electronegativity | Variation of electronegativity with oxidation number",
"text": "The effect is much larger than could be explained by the negative charge being shared among a larger number of oxygen atoms, which would lead to a difference in pKa of log10(1⁄4) = –0.6 between hypochlorous acid and perchloric acid."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods of calculation | Allen electronegativity",
"text": "It is usual to apply a scaling factor, 1.75×10−3 for energies expressed in kilojoules per mole or 0.169 for energies measured in electronvolts, to give values that are numerically similar to Pauling electronegativities."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods of calculation | Mulliken electronegativity",
"text": "Robert S. Mulliken proposed that the arithmetic mean of the first ionization energy (Ei) and the electron affinity (Eea) should be a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods of calculation | Pauling electronegativity",
"text": "A ) + E d ( B B ) 2 {\\displaystyle |\\chi _{\\rm {A}}-\\chi _{\\rm {B}}|=({\\rm {eV}})^{-1/2}{\\sqrt {E_{\\rm {d}}({\\rm {AB}})-{\\frac {E_{\\rm {d}}({\\rm {AA}})+E_{\\rm {d}}({\\rm {BB}})}{2}}}}} where the dissociation energies, Ed, of the A–B, A–A and B–B bonds are expressed in electronvolts, the factor (eV)−1⁄2 being included to ensure a dimensionless result."
},
{
"section_header": "Group electronegativity",
"text": "The terms group electronegativity and substituent electronegativity are used synonymously."
}
] |
Electronegativity cannot be straightly measured.
| 2 | 7 |
Electronegativity
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The temple is admired for the grandeur and harmony of the architecture, its extensive bas-reliefs, and for the numerous devatas adorning its walls."
}
] |
EqWwUaJwQV8D0q4D5lIM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Angkor Wat (; Khmer: អង្គរវត្ត, \"City/Capital of Temples\") is a temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world, on a site measuring 162.6 hectares (1,626,000 m2; 402 acres)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the best-preserved temple at the site, it is the only one to have remained a significant religious centre since its foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Tourism",
"text": "At the ASEAN Tourism Forum 2012, it was agreed that Borobudur and Angkor Wat would become sister sites and the provinces sister provinces."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Features | Outer enclosure",
"text": "There are gopuras at each of the cardinal points; the western is by far the largest and has three ruined towers."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Site and plan",
"text": ", researcher Eleanor Mannikka argues that the structure represents a claimed new era of peace under King Suryavarman II: \"as the measurements of solar and lunar time cycles were built into the sacred space of Angkor Wat, this divine mandate to rule was anchored to consecrated chambers and corridors meant to perpetuate the king's power and to honour and placate the deities manifest in the heavens above."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Restoration and conservation",
"text": "The restoration of Angkor Wat in the modern era began with the establishment of the Conservation d'Angkor (Angkor Conservancy) by the École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) in 1908; before that date, activities at the site were primarily concerned with exploration."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Restoration and conservation",
"text": "In 1992, following an appeal for help by Norodom Sihanouk, Angkor Wat was listed in UNESCO's World Heritage in Danger (later removed in 2004) and World Heritage Site together with an appeal by UNESCO to the international community to save Angkor."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Tourism",
"text": "Since Angkor Wat has seen significant growth in tourism throughout the years, UNESCO and its International Co-ordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor (ICC), in association with representatives from the Royal Government and APSARA, organised seminars to discuss the concept of \"cultural tourism\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Restoration and conservation",
"text": "Zoning of the area was set up to protect the Angkor site in 1994, APSARA was established in 1995 to protect and manage the area, and a law to protect Cambodian heritage was passed in 1996.A number of countries such as France, Japan and China are currently involved in various Angkor Wat conservation projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Site and plan",
"text": "Unlike most Khmer temples, Angkor Wat is oriented to the west rather than the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The temple is admired for the grandeur and harmony of the architecture, its extensive bas-reliefs, and for the numerous devatas adorning its walls."
}
] |
Angkor Wat is the world's largest religious site, measuring 402 acres.
| 1 | 6 |
Angkor Wat
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Francisco Pizarro González (; Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko piˈθaro]; c. 1471–1476 – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru."
}
] |
ErdHfwHdNovkF3rW6mHH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Conquest of Peru (1532)",
"text": "By 1538, it was known she had borne Pizarro two sons, Juan and Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Francisco Pizarro is depicted as a major supporting character in The Mysterious Cities of Gold, where he is obsessed with locating one of the seven lost cities of gold."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Francisco Pizarro González (; Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko piˈθaro]; c. 1471–1476 – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Conquest of Peru (1532)",
"text": "He was executed by garrote on 29 August 1533."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Pizarro is well known in Peru as the leader of the Spanish conquest."
},
{
"section_header": "Works of Pizarro",
"text": "Pizarro, Francisco (15 January 2009). \" Cartas del Marqués Don Francisco Pizarro (1533–1541)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works of Pizarro",
"text": "Pizarro, Francisco (15 January 2009)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sculptures",
"text": "The first copy was offered to Mexico to represent Cortés, though it was rejected."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Conquest of Peru (1532)",
"text": "By February 1533, Almagro had joined Pizarro in Cajamarca with an additional 150 men and 50 horses."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the English version of series, the character of Pizarro is voiced by Maurice Podbrey."
}
] |
Francisco Pizarro is known for finding the Mayan culture in Mexico in 1533.
| 2 | 5 |
Francisco Pizarro
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dulce et Decorum est is a poem written by Wilfred Owen during World War I, and published posthumously in 1920."
}
] |
ErhYF3B6PgYH1AI3ZHUg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "This poem is considered by many as one of the best war poems ever written."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "The work was composed by Anthony J. Maglione, the director of Choral Studies at William Jewel College."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dulce et Decorum est is a poem written by Wilfred Owen during World War I, and published posthumously in 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The first part of the poem (the first 8 line and the second 6 line stanzas) is written in the present as the action happens and everyone is reacting to the events around them."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The title and the Latin exhortation of the final two lines are drawn from the phrase \"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori\" written by the Roman poet Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus): These words were well known and often quoted by supporters of the war near its inception and were, therefore, of particular relevance to soldiers of the era."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The title of this poem means 'It is sweet and fitting'."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The poem is in two parts, each of 14 lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Only five of Owen's poems were published throughout his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "In the final stanza of his poem, Owen refers to this as \"The old Lie\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Dedication",
"text": "e.g. \"Who's for the game?\" The first draft of the poem, indeed, was dedicated to Pope."
}
] |
This is a poem written by William Faulkner.
| 0 | 0 |
Dulce Et Decorum Est
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents were both of Ulster Scot descent; his father emigrated from Milford, Ireland in 1783."
}
] |
ErnE2eVbRQDK5tf5mhBk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James Buchanan was born April 23, 1791 in a log cabin in Cove Gap, Pennsylvania, to James Buchanan Sr. and Elizabeth Speer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James Hopkins, a leading lawyer there, accepted Buchanan as an apprentice, and in 1812 he was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Buchanan Jr. (; April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 15th president of the United States (1857–1861)."
},
{
"section_header": "Romantic life",
"text": "Several writers have surmised that he was homosexual, including James W. Loewen, Robert P. Watson, and Shelley Ross."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional and diplomatic career | Senate service",
"text": "In the lead-up to the 1844 Democratic National Convention, Buchanan positioned himself as a potential alternative to former President Martin Van Buren, but the nomination went to James K. Polk, who won the election."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1845 he was appointed to serve as President James K. Polk's Secretary of State, and in 1853 he was named as President Franklin Pierce's Minister to the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1857–1861) | Covode Committee",
"text": "The Democrats pointed out that evidence was scarce, but did not refute the allegations; one of the Democratic members, Rep. James Robinson, stated that he agreed with the Republicans, though he did not sign it."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "Biographer Jean Baker is less charitable to Buchanan, saying in 2004: Americans have conveniently misled themselves about the presidency of James Buchanan, preferring to classify him as indecisive and inactive ... In fact Buchanan's failing during the crisis over the Union was not inactivity, but rather his partiality for the South, a favoritism that bordered on disloyalty in an officer pledged to defend all the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He became a strong critic of Democratic-Republican President James Madison during the War of 1812.He was a Freemason, and served as the Master of Masonic Lodge No. 43 in Lancaster, and as a District Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "Several other communities are named after him: the unincorporated community of Buchanan, Indiana, the city of Buchanan, Georgia, the town of Buchanan, Wisconsin, and the townships of Buchanan Township, Michigan, and Buchanan, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents were both of Ulster Scot descent; his father emigrated from Milford, Ireland in 1783."
}
] |
James Buchanan was Scottish descant.
| 0 | 0 |
James Buchanan
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "There was controversy over lines in the play, and in the film adaptation of it, in which it was claimed prejudice was shown against Indian-Americans."
}
] |
ErubX6vCC4uNgaWs4vaJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "At least some amateur revivals of the play have added the scene back in; one placed it at the start with Blake directly addressing the audience. (Baldwin's character simply gives his name as \"Fuck You\" in the film, although credits refer to him as \"Blake\".) The 1992 film adaptation directed by James Foley was released using an expanded script featuring a role specifically written for Alec Baldwin."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "There was controversy over lines in the play, and in the film adaptation of it, in which it was claimed prejudice was shown against Indian-Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "On 27 September 2007, the play was revived at the Apollo Theatre, London, starring Jonathan Pryce (who played client James Lingk in the 1992 film adaptation) as Levene, alongside Aidan Gillen (Roma), Paul Freeman (Aaronow), Matthew Marsh (Moss) and Peter McDonald (Williamson)."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Jack Lemmon as Shelley Levene"
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Kevin Spacey as John Williamson Ed Harris as Dave Moss"
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Alan Arkin as George Aaronow Al Pacino as Richard Roma Jonathan Pryce as James Lingk Jude Ciccolella as Baylen Alec Baldwin as Blake"
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The character played in the film version by Alec Baldwin was written specifically for the movie and does not appear in the playscript."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "This version received mixed reviews, with Pacino's portrayal of Levene being criticized."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "His frustration begins to boil up when the office is robbed, and he worries about being convicted based upon Detective Baylen's interrogation."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act II",
"text": "Mid-rant, Levene accidentally reveals his knowledge that Williamson made up the claim about the check being cashed, information he could not have known unless he had been in Williamson's office."
}
] |
It was initially a film and then adapted to be a play.
| 0 | 0 |
Glengarry Glen Ross
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States (1850–1853), the last to be a member of the Whig Party"
}
] |
Es0ewMTdC6TPIWVyrctk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1850–1853) | Succession amid crisis",
"text": "Fillmore received another one after becoming president."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1850–1853) | Foreign relations",
"text": "The historian Elbert B. Smith, who wrote of the Taylor and Fillmore presidencies, suggested that Fillmore could have had war against Spain"
},
{
"section_header": "Vice president (1849–1850)",
"text": "Millard Fillmore was sworn in as vice president on March 5, 1849, in the Senate Chamber."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1850–1853) | Succession amid crisis",
"text": "Fillmore is the only president who succeeded by death or resignation not to retain, at least initially, his predecessor's cabinet."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice president (1849–1850)",
"text": "Fillmore presided over some of the most momentous and passionate debates in American history as the Senate debated whether to allow slavery in the territories."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1850–1853) | Election of 1852 and completion of term",
"text": "As the election of 1852 approached, Fillmore remained undecided whether to run for a full term as president."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "The Unknown President: The Administration of Millard Fillmore."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Tragedy and political turmoil (1853–1855)",
"text": "Fillmore was the first president to return to private life without independent wealth or possession of a landed estate."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1850–1853) | Domestic affairs",
"text": "Nevertheless, Fillmore believed himself bound by his oath as president and by the bargain made in the Compromise to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Remarriage, later life, and death",
"text": "Fillmore supported President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction policies, feeling that the nation needed to be reconciled as quickly as possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States (1850–1853), the last to be a member of the Whig Party"
}
] |
Fillmore was the 14th president of the U.S.
| 2 | 4 |
Millard Fillmore
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s",
"text": "Later in the decade, HP opened hpshopping.com as an independent subsidiary to sell online, direct to consumers; in 2005, the store was renamed \"HP Home & Home Office Store.\" From 1995 to 1998, Hewlett-Packard were sponsors of the English football team Tottenham Hotspur."
}
] |
EsNHkzETS8WZaL66rIhI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Brand",
"text": "From 1997 to 1999 they were sponsors of Australian Football League club North Melbourne Football Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Brand",
"text": "They also sponsored the BMW Williams Formula 1 team until 2005 (a sponsorship formerly held by Compaq), and as of 2010 sponsor Renault F1."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2005",
"text": "Compaq had already taken over Tandem Computers in 1997 and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Brand",
"text": "From 1995 to 1999, and again from 2013, HP has been the shirt sponsor of Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur F.C."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2005",
"text": "In May 2002, after passing a shareholder vote, HP officially merged with Compaq."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2005",
"text": "Compaq itself had bought Tandem Computers in 1997 (which had been started by ex-HP employees), and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "He handed the presidency over to Hewlett when he became chairman in 1964, but remained CEO of the company."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010–2012",
"text": "Under his leadership, HP became the largest computer company in the world when measured by total revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2005",
"text": "Following this strategy, HP became a major player in desktops, laptops, and servers for many different markets."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bribery",
"text": "And as part of its bid to win a software sale to Mexico's state-owned petroleum company, HP's subsidiary in Mexico paid more than $1 million in inflated commissions to a consultant with close ties to company officials, and money was funneled to one of those officials."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s",
"text": "Later in the decade, HP opened hpshopping.com as an independent subsidiary to sell online, direct to consumers; in 2005, the store was renamed \"HP Home & Home Office Store.\" From 1995 to 1998, Hewlett-Packard were sponsors of the English football team Tottenham Hotspur."
}
] |
Hewlett-Packard became an official sponsor of Chelsea F.C. in 1997.
| 0 | 0 |
Hewlett-Packard
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Garrison was not an abolitionist who became a publisher, but a printer who became an abolitionist."
}
] |
EsOcDG6iYBlITFHDhcIk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | After abolition",
"text": "He supported the causes of civil rights for blacks and woman's rights, particularly the campaign for suffrage."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The woman question and division",
"text": "In February 1849, Garrison's name headed the women's suffrage petition sent to the Massachusetts legislature, the first such petition sent to any American legislature, and he supported the subsequent annual suffrage petition campaigns organized by Lucy Stone and Wendell Phillips."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the 1870s, Garrison became a prominent voice for the women's suffrage movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The woman question and division",
"text": "some members of the Liberty Party supported woman's rights, including women's suffrage, Garrison's Liberator continued to be the leading advocate of woman's rights throughout the 1840s, publishing editorials, speeches, legislative reports, and other developments concerning the subject."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | After abolition",
"text": "He served as president of both the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) and the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Garrison was not an abolitionist who became a publisher, but a printer who became an abolitionist."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Garrison sold home-made lemonade and candy as a youth, and also delivered wood to help support the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The woman question and division",
"text": "Instead of surrendering to appeals for him to retreat on the \"woman question,\" Garrison announced in December 1837 that The Liberator would support \"the rights of woman to their utmost extent."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | After abolition",
"text": "He was a major figure in New England's woman suffrage campaigns during the 1870s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lloyd Garrison, was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer."
}
] |
Garrison was an abolitionist but did not support suffrage.
| 0 | 0 |
William Lloyd Garrison
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company changed its domain name to 360buy.com in June 2007 and then to JD.com in 2013."
}
] |
EtXANA5yFN3UnXgOpDER
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "JD.com, Inc. (Chinese: 京东; pinyin: Jīngdōng), also known as Jingdong and formerly called 360buy, is a Chinese e-commerce company headquartered in Beijing."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "June 1998: The company was founded as Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd selling magneto-optical in Beijing, China."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the same time, JD.com announced its new logo and mascot."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "March 2013: the company's domain name was changed to JD.com."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company changed its domain name to 360buy.com in June 2007 and then to JD.com in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "February 2019: JD.COM acquires Jade Palace Hotel in Beijing for US$400M."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded by Liu Qiangdong on June 18, 1998, and its retail platform went online in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "June 2007: began using the domain name 360buy.com, and the company name was changed to Jingdong Mall."
},
{
"section_header": "Price war with Dangdang | Price war in physical books",
"text": "The price war between JD.com and Dangdang started on December 14; users of JD.com found out that the books were cheaper than from Dangdang."
},
{
"section_header": "Price war with Dangdang | Price war in physical books",
"text": "On the morning of December 16, Dangdang stated that the company would invest 40 million Chinese yuan to give discounts to customers."
}
] |
JD.com is a Chinese e-commerce founded in Beijing and has change it web address 3 times.
| 0 | 0 |
JD.com
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Borg got her first programming job in 1969."
}
] |
EtaL76GLpbhJQSuaI1Na
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "As of 2017 this program is known as the Women Techmakers Scholars Program."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing",
"text": "With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Soon after starting at Xerox, she founded the Institute for Women and Technology, having previously founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Borg got her first programming job in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "Several other awards and programs honor Borg's life and work."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Systers",
"text": "In 1992, when Mattel Inc. began selling a Barbie doll that said math class is tough, the voices of protest that started with the Systers list played a role in getting Mattel to remove that phrase from Barbie's microchip."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "The program has expanded to include women in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "Since its foundation, the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology has increased its programs in the United States and expanded internationally, more than quadrupling in size."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "It ran a variety of programs to increase the role of technology, build the pipeline of technical women, and ensure that women's voices affected technological developments."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Although she loved math while growing up, she did not originally intend to go into computer science and taught herself to program while working at a small insurance company."
}
] |
Anita Borg started her programming career in late 1960's.
| 1 | 4 |
Anita Borg
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father was born in London to Scottish parents, and her mother was born at Drumalore (usually spelled as Drumalure or Drumaloor), a townland near Belturbet in County Cavan, Ireland."
}
] |
Etw20M6WGPPFQ7aLNDWN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "It lost to Mrs. Miniver, Garson's other major film that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The film was advertised with the catch-phrase \"Gable's back, and Garson's got him!\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Garson's popularity declined somewhat in the late 1940s, but she remained a prominent film star until the mid-1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Garson's early professional appearances were on stage, starting at Birmingham Repertory Theatre in January 1932, when she was 27 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Greer was special guest on an episode of the TV series"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The name Greer is a contraction of MacGregor, another family name."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They also maintained a home in Dallas, where Garson funded the Greer Garson Theatre facility at Southern Methodist University."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Greer Garson was born on 29 September 1904 in Manor Park, East Ham (then in Essex, now part of London), the only child of Nina (née Nancy Sophia Greer; 1880-1958) and George Garson (1865–1906), a commercial clerk in a London importing business."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson (29 September 1904 – 6 April 1996) was a British and American actress and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her maternal grandfather was David Greer (c. 1848-1913) from Kilrea, County Londonderry, an RIC sergeant stationed for a time in Castlewellan, County Down."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father was born in London to Scottish parents, and her mother was born at Drumalore (usually spelled as Drumalure or Drumaloor), a townland near Belturbet in County Cavan, Ireland."
}
] |
Greer Garson's grandparents were from Scotland.
| 0 | 5 |
Greer Garson
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem tells the Biblical tale of the rebellion of Absalom against King David; in this context it is an allegory used to represent a story contemporary to Dryden, concerning King Charles II and the Exclusion Crisis (1679-1681)."
}
] |
Eu46HdAgpeB3283GbRPi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Dryden's poem tells the story of the first foment by making Monmouth into Absalom, the beloved boy, Charles into David (who also had some philandering), and Shaftesbury into Achitophel."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical background",
"text": "When David's renowned advisor, Achitophel (Achitophel in the Vulgate) joins Absalom's rebellion, another advisor, Hushai, plots with David to pretend to defect and give Absalom advice that plays into David's hands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem tells the Biblical tale of the rebellion of Absalom against King David; in this context it is an allegory used to represent a story contemporary to Dryden, concerning King Charles II and the Exclusion Crisis (1679-1681)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical background",
"text": "Achitophel, realising that the rebellion is doomed to failure, goes home and hangs himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical background",
"text": "The story of Absalom's rebellion against his father, King David, is told in the Old Testament of the Bible, in the Second Book of Samuel (chapters 14 to 18)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical background",
"text": "The father's forgiveness contrasts with the response of David towards Achitophel, but still the story works well for a theme that deals with problems of ascension, and Dryden uses similarities and differences in the two stories to express the poem's themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Plot analysis",
"text": "There are many different ways of understanding Dryden’s poem Absalom and Achitophel."
},
{
"section_header": "Satire",
"text": "Absalom and Achitophel is \"generally acknowledged as the finest political satire in the English language\"."
},
{
"section_header": "A second part written by Nahum Tate",
"text": "Absalom and Achitophel stands alone as a complete poem by John Dryden as it was published in 1681."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical background",
"text": "The result is that Absalom takes the advice of the double agent Hushai over the good advice of Achitophel."
}
] |
Absalom and Achitophel is a story that is about a rebellion.
| 0 | 0 |
Absalom and Achitophel
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 17th century",
"text": "The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson's Bay was incorporated on 2 May 1670, with a royal charter from King Charles II."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th century",
"text": "This and subsequent purchases by Glover made it clear the fur trade in Hudson Bay was viable."
}
] |
EuNy7jEbJTEkT9JbKnSM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Oil and gas operations",
"text": "In the 1980s, sales and oil prices slipped, while debt from acquisitions piled up which led to Hudson's Bay Company selling its 52.9 per cent stake in HBOG to Dome Petroleum in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Oil and gas operations",
"text": "The company co-founded Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Company (HBOG) in 1926 with Marland Oil Company (which merged with Conoco in 1929)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Oil and gas operations",
"text": "The company became the sixth-largest Canadian oil producer in 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Retail expansion",
"text": "Hudson's Bay Company reversed a formidable debt problem in 1987, by shedding non-strategic assets such as its wholesale division and getting completely out of the oil and gas business."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century | Careers",
"text": "Typically, they were men who had the capital to invest in starting up their trading."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Oil and gas operations",
"text": "In 1973, HBOG acquired a 35 per cent stake in Siebens Oil and Gas, and, in 1979, it divested that interest."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hudson's Bay Company As an Imperial Factor 1821–1869."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The History of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1670 – 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2012 initial public offering",
"text": "Additionally, the company also announced that it would re-brand The Bay department store chain as \"Hudson's Bay\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century | North West Company: violent competition and merger",
"text": "In 1821, the North West Company of Montreal and Hudson's Bay Company were forcibly merged by intervention of the British government to put an end to often-violent competition."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th century",
"text": "The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson's Bay was incorporated on 2 May 1670, with a royal charter from King Charles II."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th century",
"text": "This and subsequent purchases by Glover made it clear the fur trade in Hudson Bay was viable."
}
] |
Hudson's Bay Company got its start by selling the oil, blubber, and other bits and pieces from whales.
| 0 | 0 |
Hudson's Bay Company
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honours and awards",
"text": "On December 13, 2010, Canada Post announced Jenkins would be honoured in Canada with his own postage stamp."
}
] |
EuiyrEtRLdoC6yyOJkPU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ferguson Arthur \"Fergie\" Jenkins CM (born December 13, 1942) is a Canadian former professional baseball pitcher and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | MLB career | Later seasons",
"text": "He was named AL Comeback Player of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honours and awards",
"text": "On December 13, 2010, Canada Post announced Jenkins would be honoured in Canada with his own postage stamp."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | MLB career | 1971 season",
"text": "Jenkins was the first Cubs pitcher and the first Canadian to win the Cy Young Award (Quebec native Éric Gagné is the only other Canadian to match the feat)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Canadian baseball | Minor league",
"text": "Jenkins continued playing professional baseball in Canada after retiring from MLB in 1983 and pitched two seasons for the London Majors, a minor league team of the Intercounty Major Baseball League, operating in London, Ontario."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jenkins was born and raised in Chatham, Ontario, the only child of Delores Jackson and Ferguson Jenkins Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honours and awards",
"text": "The stamp was issued on February 1, 2011, to commemorate Black History Month."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honours and awards",
"text": "Jenkins was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987, and in 1991, became the first Canadian ever elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Both of his parents were good athletes; his father was an amateur boxer and semi-professional baseball player for the Chatham Coloured"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | MLB career | 1971 season",
"text": "The Cubs won the game 5–2. He was named NL Player of the Month (for the only time in his career) in July, with a 6–1 record, a 2.14 ERA, and 49 strikeouts."
}
] |
Ferguson Jenkins was a Canadian professional baseball player that has his own postal stamp.
| 0 | 2 |
Ferguson Jenkins
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Singer was not aware that Laurie was English, due to his convincing American accent."
}
] |
EveRZIhyIAmYmbsx3xem
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Australian actor Jesse Spencer's agent suggested that he audition for the role of Dr. Robert Chase."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "At the time of the casting session, actor Hugh Laurie was in Namibia filming the movie Flight of the Phoenix."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "He believed that his House audition was not particularly good, but that his lengthy friendship with Singer helped win him the part of Dr. Wilson."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Singer was not aware that Laurie was English, due to his convincing American accent."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Singer was very impressed by his performance and commented on how well the \"American actor\" was able to grasp the character."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "Hugh Laurie has been nominated six times for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama; he won in 2006 and again in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Bryan Singer in particular felt there was no way he was going to hire a non-American actor for the role."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters | Main characters",
"text": "Their physical relationship does not progress any further during the fifth season; in the finale of season five, House believes he and Cuddy had sex, but this is a hallucination brought on by House's Vicodin addiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Production team",
"text": "Hugh Laurie directed the 17th episode of season six, \"Lockdown\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Production team",
"text": "Hugh Laurie was credited as an executive producer for the second and third episodes of season five."
}
] |
Actor Hugh Laurie duped the casting agent into believing he was American during his audition.
| 1 | 2 |
House (TV series)
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story has been updated in numerous adaptions, including a 1935 musical in London and a 1958 episode of the television series Maverick, with attribution."
}
] |
EvrsCSNWuhCx3HWIdn0n
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical (1935)",
"text": "The Novelty Theatre had a few other names but was demolished in 1941 as Kingsway Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Maverick adaptation (1958)",
"text": "The episode was called \"The Rivals\" and the original playwright was given due credit."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "The Rivals was Sheridan's first play."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "In a short time, however, he completed The Rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television productions",
"text": "The play was adapted for Australian television in 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical (1935)",
"text": "A successful musical production of The Rivals with songs by Herbert Hughes and lyrics by John Robert Monsell was staged by Vladimir Rosing at London's Novelty Theatre in September 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The Rivals (New Mermaids 1979, Elizabeth Duthie, Ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Jack Absolute Flies Again (forthcoming play)",
"text": "A new adaptation written by Richard Bean and Oliver Chris titled Jack Absolute Flies"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reception",
"text": "The Rivals was first performed at Covent Garden, London, on 17 January 1775, with comedian Mary Bulkley as Julia Melville."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rivals is a comedy of manners by Richard Brinsley Sheridan in five acts which was first performed at Covent Garden Theatre on 17 January 1775."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story has been updated in numerous adaptions, including a 1935 musical in London and a 1958 episode of the television series Maverick, with attribution."
}
] |
The Rivals has been modernized in a few adaptions.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rivals
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "After failing to be elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA), the Veterans Committee elected Bancroft in 1971."
}
] |
EwI8H6T4pZhuQf72T1Bl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered an excellent defensive shortstop and a smart ball player, Bancroft was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Despite the criticism of players elected to the Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in this period, Bancroft grades well in terms of sabermetric statistics."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "After failing to be elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA), the Veterans Committee elected Bancroft in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Bancroft was also inducted in The Des Moines Register's Iowa Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Bancroft managed in minor league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "He managed the Minneapolis Millers of the Class-AA American Association in 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David James Bancroft (April 20, 1891 – October 9, 1972) was an American professional baseball shortstop and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He coached with the Giants, then managed in the minor leagues and the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "In the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, Bancroft managed the Chicago Colleens in 1948 and South Bend Blue Sox in 1949 and 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, his election was not without controversy, as the Veterans Committee included former teammates of Bancroft, resulting in charges of cronyism against the Veterans Committee."
}
] |
American basketball player Dave Bancroft was elected to the hall of fame.
| 0 | 3 |
Dave Bancroft
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Normalization and censorship",
"text": "While both the radio station and the television station managed to hold out for at least enough time for initial broadcasts of the invasion, what the Soviets did not attack by force they attacked by reenacting party censorship."
}
] |
EwvAwuQ36FwGA6jYoq8q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Soviet reaction | Invasion",
"text": "The Soviet policy of compelling the socialist governments of its satellite states to subordinate their national interests to those of the Eastern Bloc (through military force if needed) became known as the Brezhnev Doctrine."
},
{
"section_header": "Soviet reaction | Invasion",
"text": "The Czechoslovak forces were confined to their barracks, which were surrounded until the threat of a counter-attack was assuaged."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Cultural impact",
"text": "\"The Prague Spring is featured in several works of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Normalization and censorship",
"text": "While both the radio station and the television station managed to hold out for at least enough time for initial broadcasts of the invasion, what the Soviets did not attack by force they attacked by reenacting party censorship."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialism with a human face | The programme of \"socialism with a human face\"",
"text": "Although it was stipulated that reform must proceed under KSČ direction, popular pressure mounted to implement reforms immediately."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Prague Spring reforms were a strong attempt by Dubček to grant additional rights to the citizens of Czechoslovakia in an act of partial decentralization of the economy and democratization."
},
{
"section_header": "Soviet reaction | Reactions to the invasion",
"text": "Mao Zedong saw the Brezhnev doctrine as the ideological basis for a Soviet invasion of China, and launched a massive propaganda campaign condemning the invasion of Czechoslovakia, despite his own earlier opposition to the Prague Spring."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Normalization and censorship",
"text": "The Warsaw Pact invasion included attacks on media establishments, such as Radio Prague and Czechoslovak Television, almost immediately after the initial tanks rolled into Prague on 21 August 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Soviet reaction | Reactions to the invasion",
"text": "The demonstrators were brutally beaten and arrested by security forces, and later punished by a secret tribunal; the protest was dubbed \"anti-Soviet\" and several people were detained in psychiatric hospitals."
},
{
"section_header": "Soviet reaction | Invasion",
"text": "On the night of the invasion the Czechoslovak Presidium declared that Warsaw Pact troops had crossed the border without the knowledge of the ČSSR government, but the Soviet Press printed an unsigned request—allegedly by Czechoslovak party and state leaders—for \"immediate assistance, including assistance with armed forces\"."
}
] |
The USSR and several satellite states tried to defend Czechoslovakia from an invasion force of Kazakhs that attacked as a direct effect of the socialist Prague Spring reforms.
| 0 | 0 |
Prague Spring
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Club rivalries",
"text": "Juventus have significant rivalries with two main clubs."
}
] |
ExH2lCV9YkPoCn5Nty9E
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Club rivalries",
"text": "Their traditional rivals are fellow Turin club Torino; matches between the two sides are known as the Derby della Mole (Turin Derby)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1897–1918)",
"text": "President Alfred Dick was unhappy with this and left with some prominent players to found FBC Torino which in turn spawned the Derby della Mole."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Historic four consecutive doubles and nine consecutive league titles (2011–present)",
"text": "Towards the second half of the season, the team was mostly competing with northern rivals Milan for first place in a tight contest."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Calciopoli scandal (2004–2007)",
"text": "In May 2006, Juventus became one of the five clubs linked to the Calciopoli scandal."
},
{
"section_header": "History | European stage (1980–1993)",
"text": "Juventus are the first and one of the only two clubs to have players from their club winning the award in four consecutive years."
},
{
"section_header": "Financial information",
"text": "The club is one of the founders of the European Club Association (ECA), which was formed after the dissolution of the G-14, an international group of Europe's most elite clubs of which Juventus were also a founding member."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Second Champions League and first Supercoppa Italiana titles (1994–2004)",
"text": "His first season at the helm of the club was a successful one, as Juventus recorded their first Serie A championship title since the mid-1980s, as well as the Coppa Italia."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Juventus U23 and Youth Academy",
"text": "Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality."
},
{
"section_header": "Youth programme",
"text": "The Juventus youth set-up has been recognised as one of the best in Italy for producing young talents."
},
{
"section_header": "Financial information",
"text": "Juventus was also the only association football club in the country member of STAR (Segment of Stocks conforming to High Requirements, Italian: Segmento Titoli con Alti Requisiti), one of the main market segment in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Club rivalries",
"text": "Juventus have significant rivalries with two main clubs."
}
] |
The club, Juventus F.C has one prominent rival.
| 0 | 2 |
Juventus F.C.
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$30.1 trillion as of February 2018."
}
] |
ExMltZHH2nIHtrS9U0fp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Trading | Timeline",
"text": "In 1863, Name changed to the New York Stock Exchange."
},
{
"section_header": "Trading | Timeline",
"text": "To date, the Nasdaq is the second-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the NYSE."
},
{
"section_header": "Trading | Merger, acquisition, and control",
"text": "In October 2008, NYSE Euronext completed acquisition of the American Stock Exchange (AMEX) for $260 million in stock."
},
{
"section_header": "Trading | Timeline",
"text": "In 1817, the constitution of the New York Stock and Exchange Board is adopted."
},
{
"section_header": "Trading | NYSE Composite Index",
"text": "This was done to reflect the value of all stocks trading at the exchange instead of just the 30 stocks included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average."
},
{
"section_header": "Trading | Timeline",
"text": "In 1885, the 400 NYSE members in the Consolidated Stock Exchange withdraw from Consolidated over disagreements on exchange trade areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed \"The Big Board\") is an American stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Notable events | 20th century",
"text": "Three months later the stock exchange enclosed the gallery with bulletproof glass."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Notable events | 21st century",
"text": "The last time the stock exchange was closed due to weather for a full two days was on March 12 and 13, 1888.On May 1, 2014, the stock exchange was fined $4.5 million by the Securities and Exchange Commission to settle charges that it had violated market rules."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Notable events | 20th century",
"text": "The exchange was closed shortly after the beginning of World War I (July 31, 1914), but it partially re-opened on November 28 of that year in order to help the war effort by trading bonds, and completely reopened for stock trading in mid-December."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$30.1 trillion as of February 2018."
}
] |
The Stock Exchange is the biggest stock exchange in the world.
| 0 | 2 |
New York Stock Exchange
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Spanning a period of 10 to 15 years, the novel details the lives of Tom and Maggie Tulliver, siblings who grow up at Dorlcote Mill on the River Floss."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The mill is situated at the junction of the River Floss and the more minor River Ripple, near the village of St Ogg's in Lincolnshire, England."
}
] |
Ey79zaH7blhjtD1y9kgT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Eliot, George. The Mill on the Floss."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Mill on the Floss/ The Mill on the Floss free PDF of Blackwood's 1878 Cabinet Edition (the critical standard with Eliot's final corrections) at the George Eliot Archive"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mill on the Floss is a novel by George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), first published in three volumes in 1860 by William Blackwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "OL 20938W (many editions, via the OpenLibrary) Eliot, George."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "St Ogg's St Ogg's St Ursula Like other novels by George Eliot, The Mill on the Floss articulates the tension between circumstances and the spiritual energies of individual characters struggling against those circumstances."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel includes many autobiographical elements and reflects the disgrace that George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) experienced while in a lengthy relationship with a married man, George Henry Lewes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The mill is situated at the junction of the River Floss and the more minor River Ripple, near the village of St Ogg's in Lincolnshire, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "film Delhi Belly, one of the protagonists makes a sarcastic reference to \"Mill on the floss\" when he finds his friends in completely different appearances and surreal whimsical situations."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Spanning a period of 10 to 15 years, the novel details the lives of Tom and Maggie Tulliver, siblings who grow up at Dorlcote Mill on the River Floss."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A radio dramatisation in five one-hour parts was broadcast on BBC7 in 2009.In the Kiran Rao and Aamir Khan 2011"
}
] |
"The Floss" of the title of "The Mill on the Floss" by George Eliot was a river.
| 0 | 0 |
The Mill on the Floss
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Reception",
"text": "Despite having lived in Spain since age 13, Messi has said: \"Argentina is my country, my family, my way of expressing myself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in central Argentina, Messi relocated to Spain to join Barcelona at age 13, for whom he made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004."
}
] |
EyErlTcgAJwRbx1DEz4a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Club career | Barcelona | 2009–11: Sustained success",
"text": "Additionally, he won the inaugural UEFA Best Player in Europe Award, a revival of the old-style Ballon d'Or."
},
{
"section_header": "International career | 2019: Copa América",
"text": "On 21 May 2019, Messi was included in Lionel Scaloni's final 23-man Argentina squad for the 2019 Copa América."
},
{
"section_header": "International career | 2016: Copa América Centenario, retirement, and return | \"Don't go, Leo\"",
"text": "President of Argentina Mauricio Macri urged Messi not to quit, stating, \"We are lucky, it is one of life's pleasures, it is a gift from God to have the best player in the world in a footballing country like ours... Lionel Messi is the greatest thing we have in Argentina"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": ", Messi joined the Rosario club when he was six years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Club career | Barcelona | 2012: A record-breaking year",
"text": "At the close of the year, Messi had scored a record 91 goals in all competitions for Barcelona and Argentina."
},
{
"section_header": "Club career | Barcelona | 2012: A record-breaking year",
"text": "Although FIFA did not acknowledge the achievement, citing verifiability issues, he received the Guinness World Records title for most goals scored in a calendar year."
},
{
"section_header": "Club career | Barcelona | 2012: A record-breaking year",
"text": "Two weeks later, on 20 March, Messi became the top goalscorer in Barcelona's history at 24 years old, overtaking the 57-year record of César Rodríguez's 232 goals with a hat-trick against Granada."
},
{
"section_header": "International career | 2008–11: Collective decline",
"text": "Although Messi scored a record 53 goals during the 2010–11 club season, he had not scored for Argentina in an official match since March 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Club career | Barcelona | 2014–15: A historic treble",
"text": "After five years of playing in the centre of the pitch, Messi had returned to his old position on the right wing late the previous year, by his own suggestion according to Suárez, their striker."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "He has kept ownership of his family's old house, although it has long stood empty; he maintains a penthouse apartment in an exclusive residential building for his mother, as well as a family compound just outside the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Reception",
"text": "Despite having lived in Spain since age 13, Messi has said: \"Argentina is my country, my family, my way of expressing myself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in central Argentina, Messi relocated to Spain to join Barcelona at age 13, for whom he made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004."
}
] |
Although originally from Argentina, Lionel Messi emigrated to Europe as a thirteen year old.
| 0 | 0 |
Lionel Messi
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zillow Group, Inc., or simply Zillow, is an American online real estate database company that was founded in 2006, and was created by Rich Barton and Lloyd Frink, former Microsoft executives and founders of Microsoft spin-off Expedia, Spencer Rascoff, a cofounder of Hotwire.com, David Beitel, Zillow's current chief technology officer, and Kristin Acker, Zillow's current senior vice president of experience design."
}
] |
EykcvQR9KAoVJbhUgEgC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Barton got the inspiration for funding Zillow when he was working at Microsoft and he realized that the real estate industry would be transformed."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In December 2004, Zillow was founded."
},
{
"section_header": "Website features | Zillow Advice",
"text": "On December 16, 2008, Zillow launched Zillow Advice, allowing people to ask real estate questions online and get answers from the Web site's community of experts."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions",
"text": "HotPads, founded in 2005, lists real estate and rental listings on a map-based web interface."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and lawsuits",
"text": "Zillow responded that \"the narrative being pushed by this law firm through their multiple lawsuits is completely inconsistent with those who know and work with Zillow... the behavior described does not accurately depict our culture or the 1,200 Zillow employees."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and lawsuits",
"text": "On February 26, 2016, the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California certified the class to include anyone who worked as an inside sales consultant at Zillow between November 2010 and January 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and lawsuits",
"text": "In 2017, Zillow sent a cease and desist letter to Kate Wagner, the author of McMansion Hell, a blog that lampooned the presentations of ostentatious homes found on the site."
},
{
"section_header": "Critique of Zestimate accuracy",
"text": "In 2007, The Wall Street Journal studied the accuracy of Zillow's estimates and found that they \"often are very good, frequently within a few percentage points of the actual price paid."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model",
"text": "Zillow now allows renters to pay rent online to their landlords for properties on the Zillow Rental Manager tool."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model",
"text": "In April 2009, Zillow announced a partnership to lend its real estate search engine to the web sites of more than 180 United States newspapers as a part of the Zillow Newspaper Consortium."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zillow Group, Inc., or simply Zillow, is an American online real estate database company that was founded in 2006, and was created by Rich Barton and Lloyd Frink, former Microsoft executives and founders of Microsoft spin-off Expedia, Spencer Rascoff, a cofounder of Hotwire.com, David Beitel, Zillow's current chief technology officer, and Kristin Acker, Zillow's current senior vice president of experience design."
}
] |
Zillow was founded by people who had worked in disruptive models for the travel industry.
| 0 | 0 |
Zillow
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was known for often violent conflicts, he spoke favorably about black players joining the Major Leagues and was a well known philanthropist ."
}
] |
EytTdofZn8z3YN9xEzdH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was known for often violent conflicts, he spoke favorably about black players joining the Major Leagues and was a well known philanthropist ."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "In the same season, Charles M. Conlon snapped the famous photograph of a grimacing Cobb sliding into third base amid a cloud of dirt, which visually captured the grit and ferocity of his playing style."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cobb's reputation as a violent man was fanned by his first biographer, sportswriter Al Stump, whose stories about Cobb have been discredited as sensationalized, and have largely proven to be fictional."
}
] |
Ty Cobb was famous for violent conflicts and was a philanthropist.
| 4 | 7 |
Ty Cobb
|
Music
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "In a 2019 interview with David Letterman, West stated he has bipolar disorder."
}
] |
EzDQwmqSTqLhmXE0iLAv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "He said, \"All good. Kanye West, I got super respect for Kanye."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues",
"text": "The suit claimed infringement on Knievel's trademarked name and likeness."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "West imparts that he's conscious of the circumstances of his surroundings and strives to speak in an inclusive manner so groups from different racial and gender backgrounds can comprehend his lyrics, saying he desired to sound \"just as ill as Jadakiss and just as understandable as Will Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues",
"text": "Knievel also claimed that the \"vulgar and offensive\" images depicted in the video damaged his reputation."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "Kanye West and friend, Rhymefest, also founded \"Donda's House, Inc\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kanye Omari West was born on June 8, 1977, in Douglasville, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "\" But Kanye does think. Constantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1996–2002: Early work and Roc-A-Fella Records",
"text": "Jay-Z later admitted that Roc-A-Fella was initially reluctant to support West as a rapper, claiming that many saw him as a producer first and foremost, and that his background contrasted with that of his labelmates."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–09: Graduation, 808s and Heartbreak, and VMAs controversy",
"text": "Ben Detrick of XXL cited the outcome of the sales competition between 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation as being responsible for altering the direction of hip-hop and paving the way for new rappers who didn't follow the hardcore-gangster mold, writing, \"If there was ever a watershed moment to indicate hip-hop's changing direction, it may have come when 50 Cent competed with Kanye in 2007 to see whose album would claim superior sales."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "In a 2019 interview with David Letterman, West stated he has bipolar disorder."
}
] |
Kanye West claims that he has a psychological illness.
| 2 | 9 |
Kanye West
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Walt Disney World Resort, also called Walt Disney World and Disney World, is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, in the United States, near the cities of Orlando and Kissimmee."
}
] |
F0ILJwn3DGcSW15kHEoB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Opened on October 1, 1971, the resort is owned and operated by Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, a division of The Walt Disney Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Walt Disney World Resort, also called Walt Disney World and Disney World, is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, in the United States, near the cities of Orlando and Kissimmee."
},
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Theme parks",
"text": "Magic Kingdom, opened October 1, 1971"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning and construction | Roy Disney's oversight of construction",
"text": "Admission prices in 1971 were $3.50 for adults, $2.50 for juniors under age 18, and one dollar for children under twelve."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning and construction | Roy Disney's oversight of construction",
"text": "According to biographer Bob Thomas, she responded, \"I think Walt would have approved.\" Roy Disney died at age 78 on December 20, 1971, less than three months after the property opened."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Employment",
"text": "When the Magic Kingdom opened in 1971, the site employed about 5,500 \"cast members\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Security",
"text": "The land where Walt Disney World resides is part of the Reedy Creek Improvement District (RCID), a governing jurisdiction created in 1967 by the State of Florida at the request of Disney."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning and construction | Roy Disney's oversight of construction",
"text": "The Palm and Magnolia golf courses near Magic Kingdom had opened a few weeks before, while Fort Wilderness opened one month later."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning and construction | Roy Disney's oversight of construction",
"text": "Twenty-four days after the park opened, Roy O. Disney dedicated the property and declared that it would be known as \"Walt Disney World\" in his brother's honor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning and construction | Conception",
"text": "Walt Disney had originally planned to publicly reveal Disney World on November 15, 1965, but in light of the Sentinel story, Disney asked Florida Governor Haydon Burns to confirm the story on October 25."
}
] |
Walt Disney World opened in Florida on 1971.
| 0 | 0 |
Walt Disney World
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometres to 10 nanometres, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1015 Hz to 3×1018 Hz) and energies in the range"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-Röntgen observations and research",
"text": "The earliest experimenter thought to have (unknowingly) produced X-rays was actuary William Morgan."
}
] |
F0Qgd5li9ZHqrOhiIAR8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An X-ray, or X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-Röntgen observations and research",
"text": "The earliest experimenter thought to have (unknowingly) produced X-rays was actuary William Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-Röntgen observations and research",
"text": "In 1785 he presented a paper to the Royal Society of London describing the effects of passing electrical currents through a partially evacuated glass tube, producing a glow created by X-rays."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-Röntgen observations and research",
"text": "It was formed on the basis of the electromagnetic theory of light."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In many languages, X-radiation is referred to as Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Röntgen, who discovered it on November 8, 1895."
},
{
"section_header": "Other uses",
"text": "X-ray microscopic analysis, which uses electromagnetic radiation in the soft X-ray band to produce images of very small objects."
},
{
"section_header": "Visibility",
"text": "Brandes, in an experiment a short time after Röntgen's landmark 1895 paper, reported after dark adaptation and placing his eye close to an X-ray tube, seeing a faint \"blue-gray\" glow which seemed to originate within the eye itself."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery by Röntgen",
"text": "Röntgen discovered their medical use when he made a picture of his wife's hand on a photographic plate formed due to X-rays."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hazards discovered",
"text": "Many experimenters including Elihu Thomson at Edison's lab, William J. Morton, and Nikola Tesla also reported burns."
},
{
"section_header": "Visibility",
"text": "Later he realized that the tube which had created the effect was the only one powerful enough to make the glow plainly visible and the experiment was thereafter readily repeatable."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometres to 10 nanometres, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1015 Hz to 3×1018 Hz) and energies in the range"
}
] |
An X-ray, a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, were discovered in 1895 when William Morgan presented a paper on the glow produced by them.
| 1 | 4 |
X-ray
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2007, he was recognized by the Walt Disney Company as a Disney Legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has also won three Emmys, seven Grammy Awards and the Governor's Award from the Recording Academy."
}
] |
F0lyWc1FPdr2sPHzVIt8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002 and to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Newman was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Newman was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 2007, he was inducted as a Disney Legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2007, he was recognized by the Walt Disney Company as a Disney Legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has also won three Emmys, seven Grammy Awards and the Governor's Award from the Recording Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "He has received three Emmys, seven Grammy Awards, and the Governor's Award from the Recording Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 2010, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film composer",
"text": "Newman wrote the music for Walt Disney Animation Studios' The Princess and the Frog."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recording artist",
"text": "\" The song earned Newman a Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals."
}
] |
Randy Newman, an American singer-songwriter, arranger and composer, has won three Emmys, seven Grammy Awards, been recognized by Disney as a Disney Legend and he has been inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
| 0 | 7 |
Randy Newman
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "After World War II began in 1939, the terms became more standard, with British Empire historians, including Canadians, favouring \"The First World War\" and Americans \" World War I\"."
}
] |
F13nFZcXS0hzwy8BRz72
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Progress of the war | Naval war",
"text": "German U-boats attempted to cut the supply lines between North America and Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposition to the war",
"text": "Among the exceptions were the Bolsheviks, the Socialist Party of America, the Italian Socialist Party, and people like Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, and their followers in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Health effects",
"text": "Moreover, between 1915 and 1926, an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica spread around the world affecting nearly five million people."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposition to the war",
"text": "Almost 50 people (including three Italian soldiers) were killed and over 800 people arrested."
},
{
"section_header": "Progress of the war | Opening hostilities | Confusion among the Central Powers",
"text": "Germany had promised to support Austria-Hungary's invasion of Serbia, but interpretations of what this meant differed."
},
{
"section_header": "Progress of the war | Naval war",
"text": "Troopships were too fast for the submarines and did not travel the North Atlantic in convoys."
},
{
"section_header": "Conscription | United States",
"text": "The draft was universal and included blacks on the same terms as whites, although they served in different units."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Sarajevo assassination",
"text": "The reaction among the people in Austria, however, was mild, almost indifferent."
},
{
"section_header": "Progress of the war | Eastern Front | Russian Revolution",
"text": "Allied troops landed in Arkhangelsk and in Vladivostok as part of the North Russia Intervention."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposition to the war",
"text": "In Britain, 16,000 people asked for conscientious objector status."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "After World War II began in 1939, the terms became more standard, with British Empire historians, including Canadians, favouring \"The First World War\" and Americans \" World War I\"."
}
] |
World War 1 is refereed to differently by people in North America.
| 0 | 0 |
World War I
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This was the final film to feature Luke Perry, who died on March 4, 2019."
}
] |
F198ABshR5W7YNhObqUQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Soundtrack",
"text": "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood is also the name of the soundtrack."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Additional music",
"text": "Herrman's music from that film included in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood is \"The Killing\", and \"The Radiogram\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 21, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood is a 2019 comedy-drama film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "On February 28, 2018, the film was titled Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, with Pitt cast in the role Cruise was also up for."
},
{
"section_header": "Pop culture references",
"text": "The title is a reference to director Sergio Leone's second western/American trilogy, Once Upon a Time in the West, Once Upon a Time… the Revolution (which producers insisted on retitling Duck, You Sucker! ), and Once Upon a Time in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing and development",
"text": "The work that would become the screenplay for Once Upon a Time in Hollywood was developed slowly over several years by Tarantino."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This was the final film to feature Luke Perry, who died on March 4, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing and development",
"text": "While he knew he wanted the work to be titled Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, evoking the idea of a fairy tale set in 1960s"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood grossed $142.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $231.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $374.3 million."
}
] |
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood was Luke Perry's final film.
| 1 | 3 |
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "Between October 4, 1927, and October 31, 1941, Gutzon Borglum and 400 workers sculpted the colossal 60-foot-high (18 m) carvings of United States Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln to represent the first 130 years of American history."
}
] |
F1Shqmb92zQ3npYohrHO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After Gutzon Borglum died in March 1941, his son Lincoln took over as leader of the construction project."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "The South Dakota State Historical Society notes that he was one of the most photographed people in the world over that twenty-year period."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "In 1933, the National Park Service took Mount Rushmore under its jurisdiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "C).The two wettest months of the year are May and June."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Naming",
"text": "As Six Grandfathers, the mountain was part of the route that Lakota leader Black Elk took in a spiritual journey that culminated at Black Elk Peak."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "Between October 4, 1927, and October 31, 1941, Gutzon Borglum and 400 workers sculpted the colossal 60-foot-high (18 m) carvings of United States Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln to represent the first 130 years of American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) had granted the Black Hills to the Lakota people in perpetuity, but the United States took the area from the tribe after the Great Sioux War of 1876."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Lame Deer said that the staff formed a symbolic shroud over the presidents' faces \"which shall remain dirty until the treaties concerning the Black Hills are fulfilled."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Geology",
"text": "The batholith magma intruded into the pre-existing mica schist rocks during the Proterozoic, 1.6 billion years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Geology",
"text": "Remaining buried throughout the Paleozoic, they were re-exposed again during the Laramide orogeny around 70 million years ago."
}
] |
Construction took just over 14 years.
| 0 | 0 |
Mount Rushmore National Memorial
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It is the eighth film ever to win eight Academy Awards and the eleventh Best Picture Oscar winner without a single acting nomination and was the last film to do so until Parasite in 2019."
}
] |
F2HSeUv4xg1IrCZKObVq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Reactions from outside India",
"text": "Several other reviewers have described Slumdog Millionaire as a Bollywood-style \"masala\" movie, due to the way the film combines \"familiar raw ingredients into a feverish masala\" and culminates in \"the romantic leads finding each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It is the eighth film ever to win eight Academy Awards and the eleventh Best Picture Oscar winner without a single acting nomination and was the last film to do so until Parasite in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "However, Khan turned down the role, concerned that he did not want to give his audience the impression that the real show was a fraud by playing a fraudulent host in the movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Screenwriter Simon Beaufoy wrote Slumdog Millionaire based on the Boeke Prize-winning and Commonwealth Writers' Prize-nominated novel Q & A by Vikas Swarup."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Reactions from outside India",
"text": "The movie unfolds in a start-and-stop way that kills suspense, leans heavily on flashbacks and robs the movie of most of its velocity. ... [T]he whole construction is tied to a gimmicky narrative strategy that keeps Slumdog Millionaire from really hitting its stride until the last 30 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He is correct and wins the grand prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and box office performance | India",
"text": "We got a boy from Chembur, Pratik Motwani to dub for the male lead Dev Patel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When the episode ends, Kumar leads Jamal out of the studio and he is forced into a police van."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and box office performance | India",
"text": "Loveleen Tandan, who supervised the dubbing, stated, \"All the actors from the original English including Anil Kapoor, Irrfan Khan and Ankur Vikal dubbed the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "older\". The producer's first choice for the role of Prem Kumar was Shahrukh Khan, an established Bollywood star and host of the 2007 series of Kaun Banega Crorepati (the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?)."
}
] |
An unknown actor did not win an Oscar for a lead role in the movie Slumdog Millionaire.
| 0 | 0 |
Slumdog Millionaire
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mordecai Peter Centennial Brown (October 19, 1876 – February 14, 1948), nicknamed Three Finger or Miner, was an American Major League Baseball pitcher and manager during the first two decades of the 20th century (known as the \"dead-ball era\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to a farm-machinery accident in his youth (April 17, 1888), Brown lost parts of two fingers on his right hand, and in the process gained a colorful nickname."
}
] |
F2uOt9sobon7Mnt0cPa9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Brown was a switch-hitter, which was and is unusual for a pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Over time, with constant practice, he developed great control."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Brown was a third baseman in semipro baseball in 1898 when his team's pitcher failed to appear for a game and Brown was put in to pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to a farm-machinery accident in his youth (April 17, 1888), Brown lost parts of two fingers on his right hand, and in the process gained a colorful nickname."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mordecai Peter Centennial Brown (October 19, 1876 – February 14, 1948), nicknamed Three Finger or Miner, was an American Major League Baseball pitcher and manager during the first two decades of the 20th century (known as the \"dead-ball era\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He learned to pitch, as many children did, by aiming rocks at knot-holes on the barn wall and other wooden surfaces."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mathewson's Reds prevailed 10-8 over Brown's Cubs, as the Cubs' ninth-inning rally fell short."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Mr. Burns lists three ringers he wants for his company's softball team: Honus Wagner, Cap Anson, and Mordecai \"Three Finger\" Brown."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Between Brown and Antonio Alfonseca, the Cubs have featured both a \"three-fingered\" pitcher and a six-fingered pitcher on their all-time roster (Brown technically had four, including the thumb)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "New York Giants manager John McGraw regarded his own Christy Mathewson and Brown as the two best pitchers in the National League."
}
] |
Mordecai Brown was an intensely skilled pitcher, and gained many monikers over his career, like "Three Finger" and "Miner".
| 0 | 0 |
Mordecai Brown
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Everyone at the firm presumes that Michael died in the explosion."
}
] |
F35Enz7Li4XUjpJDw3P6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Time magazine said that \"Michael Clayton is not an exercise in high-tension energy; you'll never confuse its eponymous protagonist with Jason Bourne."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Michael leaves the building; getting into a cab he tells the driver"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper"
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "George Clooney as Michael Raymond Clayton."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "On March 11, 2008 the movie was also released on HD DVD."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads: \"Michael Clayton is one of the most sharply scripted films of 2007, with an engrossing premise and faultless acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a \"fixer\" for a prestigious New York City law firm, using his connections and knowledge of legal loopholes for clients' benefit."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "Original Motion Picture Soundtrack: Michael Clayton was composed by James Newton Howard and released on September 25, 2007 on the Varèse Sarabande label."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film chronicles the attempts by attorney Michael Clayton to cope with a colleague's apparent mental breakdown and the corruption and intrigue surrounding a major client of his law firm being sued in a class action case over the effects of toxic agrochemicals."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Everyone at the firm presumes that Michael died in the explosion."
}
] |
Michael Clayton is a movie where the protagonist almost gets killed in an eruption.
| 0 | 0 |
Michael Clayton
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Verisign operates two businesses, Naming Services, which encompasses the operation of top-level domains and critical Internet infrastructure, and Network Intelligence and Availability (NIA) Services, which encompasses DDoS mitigation, managed DNS and threat intelligence."
}
] |
F4RijxU9iJ6Az01aTjwE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The new company served as a certificate authority (CA) and its initial mission was \"providing trust for the Internet and Electronic Commerce through our Digital Authentication services and products\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Verisign operates two businesses, Naming Services, which encompasses the operation of top-level domains and critical Internet infrastructure, and Network Intelligence and Availability (NIA) Services, which encompasses DDoS mitigation, managed DNS and threat intelligence."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "In addition, Verisign is the primary technical subcontractor for the .edu, and .jobs top-level domains for their respective registry operators, which are non-profit organizations; in this role Verisign maintains the zone files for these particular domains and hosts the domains from their domain servers."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "In 2000, VeriSign purchased Network Solutions taking over its role in the Internet DNS."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "In addition to its Reston headquarters, Verisign owns three data center properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "Registry operators are the \"wholesalers\" of Internet domain names, while domain name registrars act as the “retailers”, working directly with consumers to register a domain name address."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "The root servers form the top of the hierarchical Domain Name System that supports most modern Internet communication."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2010: Data breach and disclosure controversy",
"text": "Verisign stated that the breach did not impact the Domain Name System (DNS) that they maintain, but would not provide details about the loss of data."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "Verisign's core business is its naming services division."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "The NSI Registry division eventually became VeriSign's naming services division while the remainder of Network Solutions was later sold by Verisign in 2003 to Pivotal Equity Group."
}
] |
In addition to internet infrastructure, Verisign also provides naming services.
| 1 | 4 |
Verisign
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2007",
"text": "This made Blanchett the first actor to win an Academy Award for portraying an Academy Award-winning actor."
}
] |
F4bk27WSbhJd29Y3irNN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present, for which she received a Tony Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–2000",
"text": "Her first leading role was as Lucinda Leplastrier in Gillian Armstrong's romantic drama Oscar and Lucinda (1997), opposite Ralph Fiennes."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "She is also the only Australian actor to win two acting Oscars."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Blanchett is one of only four actresses, others being Meryl Streep, Jessica Lange and Renée Zellweger to win Best Actress after winning Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Among her numerous accolades for her acting work, Blanchett has received two Academy Awards, three BAFTA Awards, three Critics' Choice Movie Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, three Independent Spirit Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, four Helpmann Awards, six Australian Academy Awards, and awards from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, National Board of Review, National Society of Film Critics, New York Film Critics Circle, and Venice Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2017–present",
"text": "Blanchett's performance during the play's Broadway run received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Play, a Drama Desk Award nomination, and a Drama League Award nomination for the Distinguished Performance Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "She is one of only six actors (and the only actress) in Oscar history to be nominated twice for playing the same role in two films (Elizabeth I for Elizabeth and Elizabeth: The Golden Age), and the eleventh actor to receive two acting nominations in the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Blanchett received Premiere magazine's Icon Award in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2007",
"text": "This made Blanchett the first actor to win an Academy Award for portraying an Academy Award-winning actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Blanchett was awarded the Centenary Medal for Service to Australian Society by the Australian government."
}
] |
Cate Blanchett was the first person to be awarded an Oscar for a role where the character was a Tony award winner.
| 0 | 0 |
Cate Blanchett
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After their parents divorced in 1991, her mother married again that year, to Caitlyn Jenner, the 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon winner."
}
] |
F4ezeAkDdK0i5dvgjFHK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and pregnancies",
"text": "The couple's third and fourth child were born via surrogacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "Kardashian later blamed their separation on physical and emotional abuse on his part and said she was high on ecstasy during the ceremony."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After their parents divorced in 1991, her mother married again that year, to Caitlyn Jenner, the 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early endorsements (2010–2013)",
"text": "Take New York, and a video Hype Williams directed, half of the proceeds we're giving away to a cancer foundation, because The-Dream's and one of my parents passed away from cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough with reality television (2006–2009)",
"text": "In October 2007, Kardashian, in addition to her mother Kris Jenner, her step-parent Bruce Jenner, her siblings Kourtney, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian, and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, began to appear in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians."
}
] |
The parents of Kim Kardashian did separate when she was a child.
| 1 | 2 |
Kim Kardashian
|
Literature
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Computer games",
"text": "In 2010, Oberon Media released a casual hidden object game called Classic Adventures: The Great Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Computer games",
"text": "In 2011, as a tribute to old NES games, developer Charlie Hoey and editor Pete Smith created an 8-bit-style online game of The Great Gatsby called The Great Gatsby for NES."
}
] |
F59aoht2Np7et1eAu0xr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Tom scornfully tells Gatsby to drive her home, knowing that Daisy will never leave him."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "Some of it, however, resurfaced in the 1924 short story \"Absolution.\" Work on The Great Gatsby began in earnest in April 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "The play failed miserably, and Fitzgerald worked that winter on magazine stories struggling to pay his debt caused by the production."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "The stories were, in his words, \"all trash and it nearly broke my heart,\" although included among those stories was \"Winter Dreams,\" which Fitzgerald later described as \"a sort of first draft of the Gatsby idea.\"After"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Gatsby insists that Daisy declare that she never loved Tom."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "Fitzgerald made revisions through the winter after Perkins informed him in a November letter that the character of Gatsby was \"somewhat vague\" and Gatsby's wealth and business, respectively, needed \"the suggestion of an explanation\" and should be \"adumbrated.\" Fitzgerald thanked Perkins for his detailed criticisms and stated, \"With the aid you've given me I can make Gatsby perfect.\"Content"
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "Fitzgerald wrote in his ledger, \"Out of woods at last and starting novel.\" He decided to make a departure from the writing process of his previous novels and told Perkins that the novel was to be a \"consciously artistic achievement\" and a \"purely creative work—not trashy imaginings as in my stories but the sustained imagination of a sincere and yet radiant world.\" Soon after this burst of inspiration, work slowed while the Fitzgeralds made a move to the French Riviera, where a serious crisis in their relationship soon developed."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative titles",
"text": "He said he had liked the jacket and now he didn't like it.\" Fitzgerald had difficulty choosing a title for his novel and entertained many choices before reluctantly choosing The Great Gatsby, a title inspired by Alain-Fournier's Le Grand Meaulnes."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "The town was used as the scene of The Great Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Fitzgerald uses many of these 1920s societal developments to tell his story, from simple details such as petting in automobiles to broader themes such as Fitzgerald's discreet allusions to bootlegging as the source of Gatsby's fortune."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Computer games",
"text": "In 2010, Oberon Media released a casual hidden object game called Classic Adventures: The Great Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Computer games",
"text": "In 2011, as a tribute to old NES games, developer Charlie Hoey and editor Pete Smith created an 8-bit-style online game of The Great Gatsby called The Great Gatsby for NES."
}
] |
There has never been an interactive entertainment product made to tell the story of The Great Gatsby to gamers.
| 4 | 9 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a concept that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons (or electron density) towards itself."
}
] |
F5TQVtSJPWklFd2LQXb4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Electropositivity",
"text": "Electropositivity is a measure of an element's ability to donate electrons, and therefore form positive ions; thus, it is opposed to electronegativity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a concept that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons (or electron density) towards itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The higher the associated electronegativity number, the more an atom or a substituent group attracts electrons towards itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods of calculation | Mulliken electronegativity",
"text": "Robert S. Mulliken proposed that the arithmetic mean of the first ionization energy (Ei) and the electron affinity (Eea) should be a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Correlation of electronegativity with other properties",
"text": "Both these measurements depend on the s-electron density at the nucleus, and so are a good indication that the different measures of electronegativity really are describing \"the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods of calculation | Allred–Rochow electronegativity",
"text": "A. Louis Allred and Eugene G. Rochow considered that electronegativity should be related to the charge experienced by an electron on the \"surface\" of an atom: The higher the charge per unit area of atomic surface the greater the tendency of that atom to attract electrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods of calculation | Pauling electronegativity",
"text": "Such a formula for estimating energy typically has relative error of order of 10%, but can be used to get a rough qualitative idea and understanding of a molecule."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods of calculation | Pauling electronegativity",
"text": "This is usually done using \"chemical intuition\": in the above example, hydrogen bromide dissolves in water to form H+ and Br− ions, so it may be assumed that bromine is more electronegative than hydrogen."
},
{
"section_header": "Trends in electronegativity | Electronegativity and hybridization scheme",
"text": "Electrons in s orbitals are held more tightly than electrons in p orbitals."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods of calculation | Mulliken electronegativity",
"text": "By inserting the energetic definitions of the ionization potential and electron affinity into the Mulliken electronegativity, it is possible to show that the Mulliken chemical potential is a finite difference approximation of the electronic energy with respect to the number of electrons."
}
] |
Electronegativity is an idea that ions are attracted to electrons.
| 0 | 0 |
Electronegativity
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Exit (French: Huis Clos, pronounced [ɥi klo]) is a 1944 existentialist French play by Jean-Paul Sartre."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Huis clos (1954), directed by Jacqueline Audry"
}
] |
F5f4kHgEWogJczjytzWq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "No Exit (1962), directed by Tad Danielewski"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Huis clos (1954), directed by Jacqueline Audry"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Exit (French: Huis Clos, pronounced [ɥi klo]) is a 1944 existentialist French play by Jean-Paul Sartre."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "In 2018, after raising £5000 through Kickstarter, a \"Snowden\"-inspired adaptation premiered at Drill Hall in Edinburgh and the Fringe."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "In a later translation and adaptation of the play by American translator Paul Bowles, Garcin is renamed Vincent Cradeau."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Audio",
"text": "In 1946, the BBC broadcast a production with Alec Guinness as Garcin, Donald Pleasence as the Valet, Betty Ann Davies as Estelle and Beatrix Lehmann as Inèz, all of whom starred in the first London stage production (see below)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Audio",
"text": "The translation was by Margery Gerbain and Joan Swinstead."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Audio",
"text": "Riverside Records released a 2-LP recording of the Paul Bowles translation in 1961 (RLP 7004/5) with Douglas Watson as Garcin/Cradeau, Nancy Wickwire as Inèz and Betty Field as Estelle."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Audio",
"text": "In 1968, Caedmon Records released a 2-LP recording of the Paul Bowles translation directed by Howard Sackler (TRS 327), with Donald Pleasence as Garcin/Cradeau, Glenda Jackson as Inèz and Anna Massey as Estelle."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "The first Broadway stage production, using the Paul Bowles translation, ran for three weeks in 1946 at the Biltmore Theatre and starred Claude Dauphin as Garcin, Peter Kass as the Bellboy, Ruth Ford as Estelle and Annabella as Inèz."
}
] |
No Exit was adapted for film and theater.
| 0 | 0 |
No Exit
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his career, Tracy appeared in 75 films and developed a reputation among his peers as one of the screen's greatest actors."
}
] |
F6Jrt7zchKEoboU7RCFS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Independent player (1956–67)",
"text": "Tracy appeared in The Old Man and the Sea (1958), a project that had been in development for five years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Oscar wins",
"text": "Tracy appeared in four movies released in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Fox (1930–35)",
"text": "Tracy made a total of 25 pictures in the five years he was with Fox Film Corporation, most of which lost money at the box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He made his debut Broadway appearance three months later, playing a wordless robot in R.U.R."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1942, he appeared with Katharine Hepburn in Woman of the Year, beginning another partnership, which led to nine movies over 25 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Tracy was also nominated for five British Academy Film Awards, of which he won two, and four Golden Globe Awards, winning once."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was for Kramer that he made his last film, Guess"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Growing reputation",
"text": "It made a profit of $1.3 million worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Fox (1930–35)",
"text": "He appeared on the stage only once more in his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Stage and screen",
"text": "Tracy played a presidential candidate in the movie, which was warmly received."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his career, Tracy appeared in 75 films and developed a reputation among his peers as one of the screen's greatest actors."
}
] |
Tracy made appearances in seventy five movies.
| 1 | 4 |
Spencer Tracy
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The lower plates were one inch (25 mm) in thickness to the knee and 3⁄4-inch (20 mm) thick from knee to abdomen, while the upper plates were 1⁄4–1⁄2-inch (6.5–12.5 mm) thick except where additional strength was required at joints such as the shoulder, neck, etc."
}
] |
F6NUGDjS9fYooclt9ZxN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rhódios Greek: Rhódios Greek: Κολοσσός της Ρόδου, romanized: Kolossós tes Rhódou) was a statue of the Greek sun-god Helios, erected in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Preserved in Greek anthologies of poetry is what is believed to be the genuine dedication text for the Colossus."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Construction began in 292 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Ancient accounts, which differ to some degree, describe the structure as being built with iron tie bars to which brass plates were fixed to form the skin."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The feet were carved in stone and covered with thin bronze plates riveted together."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It collapsed during the earthquake of 226 BC, although parts of it were preserved."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Colossus of Rhodes (Ancient Greek: ὁ Κολοσσὸς Ῥόδιος, romanized: ho Kolossòs"
},
{
"section_header": "Siege of Rhodes",
"text": "In the late 4th century BC, Rhodes, allied with Ptolemy I of Egypt, prevented a mass invasion staged by their common enemy, Antigonus I Monophthalmus."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible locations",
"text": "While scholars generally agree that anecdotal depictions of the Colossus straddling the harbour's entry point have no historic or scientific basis, the monument's actual location remains a matter of debate."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Colossus projects",
"text": "In 2008, The Guardian reported that a modern Colossus was to be built at the harbour entrance by German artist Gert Hof leading a Cologne-based team."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The lower plates were one inch (25 mm) in thickness to the knee and 3⁄4-inch (20 mm) thick from knee to abdomen, while the upper plates were 1⁄4–1⁄2-inch (6.5–12.5 mm) thick except where additional strength was required at joints such as the shoulder, neck, etc."
}
] |
The Colossus of Rhodes, built in 292 BC depicts the Greek deity, Helios, and was covered in special brass plates of uniform depth to preserve its unique gold-ish finish.
| 0 | 0 |
Colossus of Rhodes
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An earlier version of the story was broadcast as a television episode of Playhouse 90."
}
] |
F6SYFvh4WN8y7wth8pVw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg was acknowledged as the tenth best film in the courtroom drama genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "The film is notable for its use of courtroom drama to illuminate individual perfidy and moral compromise in times of violent political upheaval; it was the first mainstream drama film not to shy from showing actual footage filmed by American and British soldiers after the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American courtroom drama film directed by Stanley Kramer, written by Abby Mann and starring Spencer Tracy, Burt Lancaster, Richard Widmark, Maximilian Schell, Werner Klemperer, Marlene Dietrich, Judy Garland, William Shatner, and Montgomery Clift."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg was released in American theatres on December 19, 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2013, Judgment at Nuremberg was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An earlier version of the story was broadcast as a television episode of Playhouse 90."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "CBS/Fox first released the film as a two-VHS cassette set in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg centers on a military tribunal convened in Nuremberg, Germany, in which four German judges and prosecutors stand accused of crimes against humanity for their involvement in atrocities committed under the Nazi regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "The film's events relate principally to actions committed by the German state against its own racial, social, religious, and eugenic groupings within its borders \"in the name of the law\" (from the prosecution's opening statement in the film), from the time of Hitler's rise to power in 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Nuremberg, Germany in 1948, the film depicts a fictionalized version of the Judges' Trial of 1947, one of the 12 U.S. military tribunals during the Subsequent Nuremberg trials."
}
] |
The Judgment at Nuremberg is a drama film is a remake of a story that was first a single TV event.
| 2 | 5 |
Judgment at Nuremberg
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The theme of harsh truth versus the comforting lie pervades the play from start to finish, as most of the characters choose to deceive themselves over the bleak reality of their condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The presentation of the lower classes was viewed as overly dark and unredemptive, and Gorky was clearly more interested in creating memorable characters than in advancing a formal plot."
}
] |
F6Sh55iwcPwnaI4Z23Jz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "In the 1955 animated film Lady and the Tramp's dog pound scene, the incarcerated and homeless Russian Wolfhound Boris quotes a passage from the play: \"Miserable being must find more miserable being."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lower Depths (Russian: На дне, Na dne, literally: 'At the bottom') is perhaps the best known of Maxim Gorky's plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The characters of The Lower Depths are said to have been inspired by the denizens of the Bugrov Homeless Shelter (Russian: The characters of The Lower Depths are said to have been inspired by the denizens of the Bugrov Homeless Shelter (Russian: Бугровская ночлежка, Bugrovskaya nochlezhka) in Nizhny Novgorod, which had been built in 1880–83 by the Old Believer grain merchant and philanthropist Nikolai Alexandrovich Bugrov (Russian: Николай Александрович Бугров) (1837–1911) in memory of his father, A. P. Bugrov."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When it first appeared, The Lower Depths was criticized for its pessimism and ambiguous ethical message."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The theme of harsh truth versus the comforting lie pervades the play from start to finish, as most of the characters choose to deceive themselves over the bleak reality of their condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1947 : The Chinese film, Night Inn (夜店) by director Huang Zuolin, is based on Ke Ling's Chinese theatrical adaptation of The Lower Depths."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1957: Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa, adapted the story into the film Donzoko (The Lower Depths), starring Toshiro Mifune, in which the characters have been moved to Edo period Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Subtitled \"Scenes from Russian Life,\" it depicted a group of impoverished Russians living in a shelter near the Volga."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When the actors of the Moscow Arts Theatre were preparing the play for its first run in 1902, Maxim Gorky supplied them with photographs of the Nizhny Novgorod underclass taken by the famous local photographer, Maxim Dmitriev (Максим Дмитриев), to help with the realism of the acting and costumes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ordering Kostilyoff to produce the money immediately, Vaska sends him roughly out of the room."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The presentation of the lower classes was viewed as overly dark and unredemptive, and Gorky was clearly more interested in creating memorable characters than in advancing a formal plot."
}
] |
The Russian play, The Lower Depths was produced to showcase the plague of sins that the aimless underclass bring upon themselves to be miserable.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lower Depths
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "Despite popular belief, the nonagram is not a Satanist symbol and instead represents Slipknot's \"battle with the fake world."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "and it represents a 9-point star—a symbol of unity, loyalty, friendship and remembrance."
}
] |
F6XLkSJYR65A9KbFHrti
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "An essential element for the band's image is the Slipknot logo."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "The logo is composed of three equilateral triangles each rotated at 0, 40, and 80 degrees."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "\"The pre-release of the 2014 album .5: The Gray Chapter also witnessed a major change in the band's logo and branding strategy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jordison's departure, .5: The Gray Chapter, and new members (2013–2016)",
"text": "The official video for \"The Devil"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Fourth hiatus, Fehn's departure, and We Are Not Your Kind (2017–present)",
"text": "We are disappointed that he chose to point fingers and manufacture claims, rather than doing what was necessary to continue to be a part of Slipknot."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jordison's departure, .5: The Gray Chapter, and new members (2013–2016)",
"text": "On August 24, Slipknot released an official radio single titled \"The Devil"
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "The nonagram is arguably the best-known sigil of Slipknot"
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "The nonagram was created by the band's members around the same time the band was founded."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "and it represents a 9-point star—a symbol of unity, loyalty, friendship and remembrance."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "Each star point was meant to stand for each of the nine members of the original band, with at least one member, Chris Fehn, possessing a nonagram tattoo."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "Despite popular belief, the nonagram is not a Satanist symbol and instead represents Slipknot's \"battle with the fake world."
}
] |
The Slipknot logo has nothing to do with devil worship.
| 0 | 0 |
Slipknot (band)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Bolivia | Capture and death",
"text": "In all, Guevara was shot nine times by Terán."
}
] |
F6sufZO954QLGzU9QxdF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bolivia | Capture and death",
"text": "According to Guzman, Guevara was shot through the right calf, his hair was matted with dirt, his clothes were shredded, and his feet were covered in rough leather sheaths."
},
{
"section_header": "Bolivia | Capture and death",
"text": "In all, Guevara was shot nine times by Terán."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Invasion, warfare, and Santa Clara",
"text": "so I ended the problem giving him a shot with a .32 pistol in the right side of the brain, with exit orifice in the right temporal [lobe]."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Invasion, warfare, and Santa Clara",
"text": "As second in command, Guevara was a harsh disciplinarian who sometimes shot defectors."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Invasion, warfare, and Santa Clara",
"text": "Upon Guerra's request that they \"end his life quickly\", Che stepped forward and shot him in the head, writing \"The situation was uncomfortable for the people and for Eutimio"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Motorcycle journey",
"text": "Additionally, on the way to Machu Picchu high in the Andes, he was struck by the crushing poverty of the remote rural areas, where peasant farmers worked small plots of land owned by wealthy landlords."
},
{
"section_header": "Bolivia | Capture and death",
"text": "Guevara was pronounced dead at 1:10 pm local time according to Rodríguez."
},
{
"section_header": "Bolivia",
"text": "Before he departed for Bolivia, Guevara altered his appearance by shaving off his beard and much of his hair, also dying it grey so that he was unrecognizable as Che Guevara."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Motorcycle journey",
"text": "This was followed in 1951 by a nine-month, 8,000-kilometer (5,000 mi) continental motorcycle trek through part of South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Invasion, warfare, and Santa Clara",
"text": "To quell the rebellion, Cuban government troops began executing rebel prisoners on the spot, and regularly rounded up, tortured, and shot civilians as a tactic of intimidation."
}
] |
Che Guevara was shot nine times, and according to Guzman, Guevara was shot through the right calf, his hair was matted with dirt, his clothes were shredded, and his feet were covered in rough leather sheaths.
| 0 | 0 |
Che Guevara
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Title translations",
"text": "English translations have also been performed under the titles"
}
] |
F7ZhxZCdVidParOwnZ9F
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Exit (French: Huis Clos, pronounced [ɥi klo]) is a 1944 existentialist French play by Jean-Paul Sartre."
},
{
"section_header": "Title translations",
"text": "English translations have also been performed under the titles"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "No Exit (1962), directed by Tad Danielewski"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The play was widely praised when it was first performed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play was first performed at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in May 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play begins with three characters who find themselves waiting in a mysterious room."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Throughout the play she tries to get at Garcin, seeking to define herself as a woman in relation to a man."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "A one-act chamber opera based on the play was created by composer Andy Vores."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "In a later translation and adaptation of the play by American translator Paul Bowles, Garcin is renamed Vincent Cradeau."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "However, by the end of the play he understands that because Inèz understands the meaning of cowardice and wickedness, only absolution at her hands can redeem him (if indeed redemption is possible)."
}
] |
No exit was played in English.
| 0 | 0 |
No Exit
|
Geography
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "He associated it with the legend of the wall mentioned in the Qur'an, which Dhul-Qarnayn (commonly associated with Alexander the Great) was said to have erected to protect people near the land of the rising sun from the savages of Gog and Magog."
}
] |
F7bZEostNaGz64DFyfxL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "He associated it with the legend of the wall mentioned in the Qur'an, which Dhul-Qarnayn (commonly associated with Alexander the Great) was said to have erected to protect people near the land of the rising sun from the savages of Gog and Magog."
},
{
"section_header": "Visibility from space | From the Moon",
"text": "The claim that the Great Wall is visible from the moon also appears in 1932's Ripley's Believe It or Not!"
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "In March and April 2015, nine sections with a total length of more than 10 km (6 mi), believed to be part of the Great Wall, were discovered along the border of Ningxia autonomous region and Gansu province."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early walls",
"text": "To position the empire against the Xiongnu people from the north, however, he ordered the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The AD 493 Book of Song quotes the frontier general Tan Daoji referring to \"the long wall of 10,000 miles\", closer to the modern name, but the name rarely features in pre-modern times otherwise."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "None of the Europeans who visited China or Mongolia in the 13th and 14th centuries, such as Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, William of Rubruck, Marco Polo, Odoric of Pordenone and Giovanni de' Marignolli, mentioned the Great Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Visibility from space | From the Moon",
"text": "\" The claim was also mentioned by Henry Norman in 1895 where he states \"besides its age it enjoys the reputation of being the only work of human hands on the globe visible from the Moon."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "3 km (2 mi) north of Shanhai Pass is Jiaoshan Great Wall (焦山長城), the site of the first mountain of the Great Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "The Jiayu Pass, located in Gansu province, is the western terminus of the Ming Great Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "One of the most striking sections of the Ming Great Wall is where it climbs extremely steep slopes in Jinshanling."
}
] |
Some people believe the Great Wall is mentioned in the holy book of Islam.
| 5 | 9 |
Great Wall of China
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sea-Wolf is a 1904 psychological adventure novel by American writer Jack London."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "Jack London's novel has been adapted for motion pictures: The Sea Wolf (1913), a silent motion picture starring Hobart Bosworth, with author Jack London appearing as an unnamed sailor"
}
] |
F8FhzgaLEDxyHue4EYkb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Wolf Larsen",
"text": "The word \"Wolf\" has the highest number of occurrences in the novel, appearing 422 times."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sea-Wolf is a 1904 psychological adventure novel by American writer Jack London."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Maud Brewster",
"text": "It is the introduction of Ms. Brewster that causes the novel to change directions; van Weyden decides that Larsen is too dangerous and may harm Brewster."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Given that Van Weyden's experiences in the novel bear some resemblance to experiences London had, or heard told about, when he sailed on the Sophia Sutherland, the autodidact sailor"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The novel also contains references to Herbert Spencer in chapters 8, 10, Charles Darwin in chapters 5, 6, 10, 13, Omar Khayyam in chapters 11, 17, 26,"
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "Jack London's novel has been adapted for motion pictures: The Sea Wolf (1913), a silent motion picture starring Hobart Bosworth, with author Jack London appearing as an unnamed sailor"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "London's intention in writing The Sea-Wolf was \"an attack on (Nietzsche's) super-man philosophy.\" Nietzsche and Schopenhauer are mentioned in the second sentence of the novel as the preferred reading of the friend Humphrey van Weyden visited before his shipwreck."
}
] |
A 1915 movie was made from the the Sea-Wolf novel.
| 0 | 3 |
The Sea Wolf
|
Music
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other activities | Controversies",
"text": "In 2008, Carey performed in a New Year's Eve concert for the family of Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, something she later claimed to \"feel horrible and embarrassed to have participated in.\" In March 2011, Carey's representative Cindi Berger stated that royalties for the song \" Save The Day\", which was written for her fourteenth studio album, would be donated to charities that create awareness to human rights issues to make amends for the Gadaffi error."
}
] |
F8UzSFXokVbEgUZA6lif
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other activities | Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2007, the Save the Music Foundation honored Carey at their tenth gala event for her support towards the foundation since its inception."
},
{
"section_header": "Other activities | Controversies",
"text": "[...] As the first female international artist to perform in Saudi Arabia, Mariah recognizes the cultural significance of this event and will continue to support global efforts towards equality for all.”"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2014: Merry Christmas II You and Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse",
"text": "On March 1, 2012, Carey performed at New York City's Gotham Hall; her first time performing since pregnancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2014: Merry Christmas II You and Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse",
"text": "A new song titled \"Bring It On Home\", which Carey wrote specifically for the event to show her support behind Obama's re-election campaign, was also performed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carey began writing poetry and lyrics while attending Harborfields High School in Greenlawn, New York, where she graduated in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–present: Caution, Merry Christmas 25 and Songwriter's Hall of Fame induction",
"text": "The album's lead single, \"With You\", was released in October and performed for the first time at the American Music Awards of 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–present: Caution, Merry Christmas 25 and Songwriter's Hall of Fame induction",
"text": "\" The event raised over $115 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Patricia's family disowned her for marrying a black man."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–2007: Resurgence with The Emancipation of Mimi",
"text": "A live recording titled The Adventures of Mimi DVD was released in the winter of 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Racial tensions prevented the Carey family from integrating into their community."
},
{
"section_header": "Other activities | Controversies",
"text": "In 2008, Carey performed in a New Year's Eve concert for the family of Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, something she later claimed to \"feel horrible and embarrassed to have participated in.\" In March 2011, Carey's representative Cindi Berger stated that royalties for the song \" Save The Day\", which was written for her fourteenth studio album, would be donated to charities that create awareness to human rights issues to make amends for the Gadaffi error."
}
] |
In 2007, she performed in at an event for attended by Libya's first family.
| 4 | 9 |
Mariah Carey
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While Harris played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Senators and Detroit Tigers, it was his long managerial career that led to his enshrinement in the Baseball Hall of Fame, elected as a manager by the Veterans Committee, in 1975."
}
] |
F8pOkPQzyFeCU9iVfKne
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanley Raymond \"Bucky\" Harris (November 8, 1896 – November 8, 1977) was an American professional baseball second baseman, manager and executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While Harris played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Senators and Detroit Tigers, it was his long managerial career that led to his enshrinement in the Baseball Hall of Fame, elected as a manager by the Veterans Committee, in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing and player-manager career",
"text": "In 1916, when Harris was 19, Pittston native and future Hall of Famer Hughie Jennings, then the manager of the Detroit Tigers, signed him to his first contract and farmed him to the Class B Muskegon Reds of the Central League, where he struggled as a batsman and was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925",
"text": "Although he retired as a player after the 1931 season, his playing career effectively ended with his trade to Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925 | Final terms with Senators and Tigers (1950–1956)",
"text": "Nevertheless, the Tigers chose Harris to replace Fred Hutchinson as their manager for 1955, and in the first season of his second term in Detroit, Harris again produced a turnaround."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925 | Senators, Tigers, Red Sox and Phillies (1926–1943)",
"text": "Harris then played a role in Cox' banishment from professional baseball for betting on games."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bucky Harris left school at age 13 to work at a local colliery, the Butler Mine, as an office boy and, later, a weigh master."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925 | Senators, Tigers, Red Sox and Phillies (1926–1943)",
"text": "In five full seasons as the Tigers' manager, he produced only one winning year, 1932, when Detroit went 76–75 and finished fifth and 29½ games behind the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925 | Senators, Tigers, Red Sox and Phillies (1926–1943)",
"text": "When, in 1928, they won only 75 games (against 79 losses), Griffith traded Harris to Detroit and changed managers, with Hall of Fame pitcher Walter Johnson named as his successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing and player-manager career",
"text": "Harris then caught on with the Scranton Miners, Norfolk Tars and Reading Pretzels through 1917, before reaching the highest level of minor league baseball with the 1918–1919 Buffalo Bisons of the International League."
}
] |
Bucky Harris was a baseball player for the Detroit Tigers and the Cincinnati Reds.
| 0 | 0 |
Bucky Harris
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun."
}
] |
F8xOtRoWRdmHYzOsyZeG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Productions | Original productions",
"text": "The Sound of Music premiered at New Haven's Shubert Theatre where it played an eight-performance tryout in October and November 1959 before another short tryout in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "in 1943. It is disappointing to see the American musical stage succumbing to the clichés of operetta.\" Walter Kerr's review in the New York Herald Tribune was unfavorable: \"Before The Sound of Music is halfway through its promising chores"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "It places Rodgers and Hammerstein back in top form as melodist and lyricist."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Other notable productions",
"text": "In 2010, the production was given in Paris, France, with dialogue in French and the songs in English."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast recordings",
"text": "Since it was recorded a week before the original Broadway cast album, Page was the first artist to record any song from the musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" The New York World-Telegram and Sun pronounced The Sound of Music \"the loveliest musical imaginable."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "As she apologizes, they hear the children singing \"The Sound of Music\", which she had taught them, to welcome Elsa Schräder."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "At the abbey, Maria says that she is ready to take her monastic vows; but the Mother Abbess realizes that she is running away from her feelings."
}
] |
The Sound of Music takes place in France just before an invasion by Germany.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sound of Music
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Realizing he was her son and that he intended to kill his father, Mrs Wilson poisoned Sir William to ensure Robert’s only crime would be stabbing a dead body."
}
] |
F8yiWbqwp30QHEvLI6QT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Bob Balaban, an actor and producer for Gosford Park, says that the idea of creating a murder mystery told by the servants in the manor was an interesting one for him and Altman."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming and editing",
"text": "Editor Tim Squyres described the editing process on Gosford Park as an unusual one, as the dual cameras used were generally located in the same areas when filming, instead of the more standard method of setting up a scene directly."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming and editing",
"text": "Shepperton Studios was used for off-location filming."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and writing",
"text": "Altman wanted to create an Agatha Christie-like country house murder mystery that explored that way of life; he called the film a \"classic situation: all suspects under one roof\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "\" Ed Gonzalez of the online publication Slant Magazine writes that \"Altman's camera is the star of Gosford Park\" and that the film's cinematography is used as an aid to its storytelling."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gosford Park premiered on 7 November 2001 at the London Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Gosford Park premiered on 7 November 2001 at the London Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "In Gosford Park, as in many of his other films, Altman had a list of actors he intended to appear in the film before it was cast formally."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Michael Phillips placed Gosford Park at number nine on his list of Best Films of the Decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "With that final total, Gosford Park became Altman's second-most successful film at the box office after his 1970 film MASH."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Realizing he was her son and that he intended to kill his father, Mrs Wilson poisoned Sir William to ensure Robert’s only crime would be stabbing a dead body."
}
] |
In the film Gosford Park, the murderer uses poison on the victim.
| 0 | 0 |
Gosford Park
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was so popular that New York readers stormed the wharf when the ship bearing the final instalment arrived in 1841."
}
] |
F9KKc1FJH5KmS2mNQ6G0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "Most later anthologies published the short stories and the novels separately."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Old Curiosity Shop is one of two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) which Charles Dickens published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock, from 1840 to 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "\"Dickens's original artistic intent was to keep the short stories and the novels together, and the short stories and the novels were published in 1840 in three bound volumes under the title Master Humphrey's Clock, which retains the original full and correct ordering of texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "Some of the short stories act as frame stories to the novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "However, Dickens soon changed his mind about how best to tell the story, and abandoned the first-person narrator after chapter three."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "Master Humphrey's Clock was a weekly serial that contained both short stories and two novels (The Old Curiosity Shop and Barnaby Rudge)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was so popular that New York readers stormed the wharf when the ship bearing the final instalment arrived in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Nell and her grandfather are featured prominently in the BBC's 2015 Christmas drama Dickensian, which brings together many of Dickens' iconic characters in one story."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "However, Dickens himself cancelled Master Humphrey's Clock before 1848, and describes in a preface to The Old Curiosity Shop that he wishes the story to not be tied down to the miscellany within which it began."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to actual history, geography",
"text": "Nell and her grandfather meet Codlin and Short in a churchyard in Aylesbury."
}
] |
This short story by Dickens was insanely popular when it was published.
| 1 | 1 |
The Old Curiosity Shop
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Major Barbara is a three-act English play by George Bernard Shaw, written and premiered in 1905 and first published in 1907."
}
] |
FAaBHZqFdrpFkpF8YYuM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Fiona Macintosh has examined Shaw's use of classical literary sources, such as The Bacchae, in Major Barbara."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Undershaft, the father, gives money to the Salvation Army, which offends Major Barbara, who does not want to be connected to his \"tainted\" wealth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story concerns an idealistic young woman, Barbara Undershaft, who is engaged in helping the poor as a Major in the Salvation Army in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "During their reunion, Undershaft learns that Barbara is a major in The Salvation Army who works at their shelter in West Ham, east London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Major Barbara is a three-act English play by George Bernard Shaw, written and premiered in 1905 and first published in 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "In his discussion of the play, Robert J Jordan has analysed the relationship between Major Barbara and another Shaw play, Man and Superman."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "An officer of The Salvation Army, Major Barbara Undershaft, becomes disillusioned when her Christian denomination accepts money from an armaments manufacturer (her father) and a whisky distiller."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, the father argues that poverty is a worse problem than munitions, and claims that he is doing more to help society by giving his workers jobs and a steady income than Major Barbara is doing to help them by giving them bread and soup."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Later, Barbara and the rest of her family accompany her father to his munitions factory."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Undershaft says that the best way to keep the factory in the family is to find a foundling and marry him to Barbara."
}
] |
Major Barbara is a novel conceived by Hemingway.
| 0 | 3 |
Major Barbara
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Blyleven was born in the Netherlands but was raised in Garden Grove, California where he attended Santiago High School."
}
] |
FAgmhXDmdjdQKlU79wAk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "That year, he pitched 293.2 innings and completed 24 games, a feat that has not been repeated since."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He ranks fifth all-time among pitchers in strikeouts, 14th in innings pitched, and 27th in wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Blyleven was born in the Netherlands but was raised in Garden Grove, California where he attended Santiago High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "\" Blyleven was the first Dutch-born player inducted, and his Hall of Fame plaque depicts him with a Minnesota Twins cap."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bert Blyleven (born Rik Aalbert Blijleven, April 6, 1951) is a Dutch American former professional baseball pitcher who played from 1970 to 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "According to Matt Welch of Reason Magazine, \"…there had long been a strong case that the Dutch-born curveballista was the most deserving player on the outside of Cooperstown looking in.\" Still, it was not until his 14th year of eligibility, in 2011, that he was elected; he received 79.7% of the vote."
}
] |
Bert Blyleven was born in the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Bert Blyleven
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He ran track under coach Bill Bowerman at the University of Oregon, with whom he would co-found Nike."
}
] |
FBFgy5NaoNDC2Z5EGAUQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon",
"text": "Knight has donated hundreds of millions of dollars to the University of Oregon."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks",
"text": "In November 2015, it was announced that Knight and his wife would be donating $19.2 million towards a new sports complex project at the University of Oregon."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Controversy",
"text": "On February 16, 2001, the Oregon University System enacted a mandate that all institutions within the system choose business partners from a politically neutral standpoint, barring all universities in Oregon from joining either the WRC or the FLA."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks",
"text": "The 2010 construction of the UO basketball team's Matthew Knight Arena was the result of a partnership between Knight and former Oregon athletic director Pat Kilkenny."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks",
"text": "In response, athletic director Pat Kilkenny said: \"This extraordinary gift will set Oregon athletics on a course toward certain self sufficiency and create the flexibility and financial capacity for the university to move forward with the new athletic arena.\" At the time, the donation was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the university."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks",
"text": "In August 2007, Knight announced that he and his wife would be donating US$100 million to found the UO Athletics Legacy Fund to help support all athletic programs at the university."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Controversy",
"text": "Following the dissolved relationship between the university and the WRC, Knight reinstated the donation and increased the amount to over US$50 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Controversy",
"text": "University President Dave Frohnmayer subsequently signed a one-year contract with the WRC; Knight then withdrew a US$30 million commitment toward the Autzen Stadium expansion project and offered no further donations to the university."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Knight is a graduate of the University of Oregon and Stanford Graduate School of Business."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks",
"text": "The facility was built using bonds backed by the State of Oregon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He ran track under coach Bill Bowerman at the University of Oregon, with whom he would co-found Nike."
}
] |
Knight was played for the University of Oregon.
| 0 | 0 |
Phil Knight
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Excessive spending",
"text": "Pope Leo X once said, infamously, \"God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it.\" Leo was renowned for spending money lavishly on the arts; on charities; on benefices for his friends, relatives, and even people he barely knew; on dynastic wars, such as the War of Urbino; and on his own personal luxury."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Failure to stem the Reformation",
"text": "A major contributor was his lavish spending (especially on the arts and himself) which led the papal treasury into mounting debt and his decision to authorize the sale of indulgences."
}
] |
FBKUqVaCjrYnFHIPw5Yx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Excessive spending",
"text": "Within two years of becoming Pope, Leo X spent all of the treasure amassed by the previous Pope, the frugal Julius II, and drove the Papacy into deep debt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the last pope not to have been in priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Character, interests and talents | General assessment",
"text": "Leo has been criticized for his handling of the events of the papacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Character, interests and talents | General assessment",
"text": "The character of Leo X was formerly assailed by lurid aspersions of debauchery, murder, impiety, and atheism."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Failure to stem the Reformation",
"text": "A major contributor was his lavish spending (especially on the arts and himself) which led the papal treasury into mounting debt and his decision to authorize the sale of indulgences."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Excessive spending",
"text": "Pope Leo X once said, infamously, \"God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it.\" Leo was renowned for spending money lavishly on the arts; on charities; on benefices for his friends, relatives, and even people he barely knew; on dynastic wars, such as the War of Urbino; and on his own personal luxury."
},
{
"section_header": "Character, interests and talents | Unworthy pursuits",
"text": "Leo indulged buffoons at his Court, but also tolerated behavior which made them the object of ridicule."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Excessive spending",
"text": "This debt contributed not only to the calamities of Leo's own pontificate (particularly the sale of indulgences that precipitated Protestantism) but severely constrained later pontificates (Pope Adrian VI; and Leo's beloved cousin, Clement VII) and forced austerity measures."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Statesman",
"text": "He was particularly friendly with King Manuel I of Portugal as a result of the latter's missionary enterprises in Asia and Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Failure to stem the Reformation",
"text": "A key issue was that his pontificate failed to bring about the reforms decreed by the Fifth Lateran Council of the Church (held between 1512-1517) which aimed to deal with many of their political problems as well as to reform Christendom, specifically relating to the papacy, cardinals, and curia."
}
] |
Pope Leo X was a cash friendly character going in debt with indulgence in many areas in his time in the Papacy
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Leo X
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ostend Manifesto, also known as the Ostend Circular, was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused."
}
] |
FBZyTTa3CTs2zg0dD1vp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Fallout",
"text": "The backlash from the Ostend Manifesto caused Pierce to abandon expansionist plans."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "Prominent among the reasons for annexation outlined in the manifesto were fears of a possible slave revolt in Cuba parallel to the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) in the absence of U.S. intervention."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "He is credited as the primary architect of the policy expressed in the Ostend Manifesto."
},
{
"section_header": "The Pierce administration",
"text": "To this end, he appointed expansionists to diplomatic posts throughout Europe, notably sending Pierre Soulé, an outspoken proponent of Cuban annexation, as United States Minister to Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dubbed the \"Ostend Manifesto\", it was immediately denounced in both the Northern states and Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ostend Manifesto, also known as the Ostend Circular, was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "The resulting dispatch, which would come to be known as the Ostend Manifesto, declared that \"Cuba is as necessary to the North American republic as any of its present members, and that it belongs naturally to that great family of states of which the Union is the Providential Nursery\"."
},
{
"section_header": "The Pierce administration",
"text": "Southern-backed filibusters, including Narciso López, had failed repeatedly since 1849 to 1851 to overthrow the colonial government despite considerable support among the Cuban people for independence, and a series of reforms on the island made Southerners apprehensive that slavery would be abolished."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The document was sent to Washington in October 1854, outlining why a purchase of Cuba would be beneficial to each of the nations and declaring that the U.S. would be \"justified in wresting\" the island from Spanish hands if Spain refused to sell."
},
{
"section_header": "Fallout",
"text": "Pierce had been highly sympathetic to the Southern cause, and the controversy over the Ostend Manifesto contributed to the splintering of the Democratic Party."
}
] |
The Ostend Manifesto outlined a plan to send enslaved people to Africa.
| 1 | 2 |
Ostend Manifesto
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | ATP recycling",
"text": "Thus, at any given time, the total amount of ATP + ADP remains fairly constant."
}
] |
FBqj1foGF2IbaRLLHFD5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When consumed in metabolic processes, it converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | ATP replenishment by nucleoside diphosphate kinases",
"text": "ATP can also be synthesized through several so-called \"replenishment\" reactions catalyzed by the enzyme families of nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDKs), which use other nucleoside triphosphates as a high-energy phosphate donor, and the ATP:guanido-phosphotransferase family."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | ATP recycling",
"text": "The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.2 moles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Other processes regenerate ATP so that the human body recycles its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | ATP recycling",
"text": "A human will typically use up his or her body weight of ATP over the course of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "ATP analogues",
"text": "Adenosine 5′-(γ-thiotriphosphate) is an extremely common ATP analog in which one of the gamma-phosphate oxygens is replaced by a sulfur atom; this anion is hydrolyzed at a dramatically slower rate than ATP itself and functions as an inhibitor of ATP-dependent processes."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | ATP recycling",
"text": "Thus, at any given time, the total amount of ATP + ADP remains fairly constant."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From the perspective of biochemistry, ATP is classified as a nucleoside triphosphate, which indicates that it consists of three components: a nitrogenous base (adenine), the sugar ribose, and the triphosphate."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | ATP recycling",
"text": "Each equivalent of ATP is recycled 1000–1500 times during a single day (100 / 0.2 = 500)."
}
] |
The overall sum of adenosine triphosphate plus adenosine diphosphate in the human body is pretty much the same all the time.
| 0 | 0 |
Adenosine triphosphate
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Starring Salma Hayek in an Academy Award–nominated portrayal as Kahlo and Alfred Molina as her husband, Diego Rivera"
}
] |
FBrbiBf8uIOVNiG4DTkz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Hayek was so determined to play the role that she sought out Dolores Olmedo Patino, longtime-lover of Diego Rivera, and (after his death) administrator to the rights of Frida and Rivera's art, which Rivera had \"willed ... to the Mexican people\","
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "\" In the spring of 1991, director Luis Valdez began production on a New Line feature about Frida Kahlo starring Laura San Giacomo in the lead."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Stella Papamichael from the BBC gave the film three out of five stars and stated \"Julie Taymor's biography of Mexican painter Frida Kahlo connects the dots between art and anguish."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Andrew Pulver from The Guardian gave the film three stars and proclaimed that it is \"a substantial film, its story told with economy and clarity.\" The American Film Institute included Frida in their Movies of the Year 2002, Official Selection."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The Two Fridas, by then being produced by American Zoetrope."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frida is a 2002 American biographical drama film directed by Julie Taymor which depicts the professional and private life of the surrealist Mexican artist Frida Kahlo."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Frida begins just before the traumatic accident Frida Kahlo (Salma Hayek) suffered at the age of 18 when the wooden-bodied bus she was riding in collided with a streetcar."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Their rationale was: Frida is a movie about art that is a work of art in itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", the film was adapted by Clancy Sigal, Diane Lake, Gregory Nava, Anna Thomas and unofficially by Edward Norton from the 1983 book Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo by Hayden Herrera."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The disparity lies in the fact that Frida settles for tickling a fancy where it should be packing a punch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Starring Salma Hayek in an Academy Award–nominated portrayal as Kahlo and Alfred Molina as her husband, Diego Rivera"
}
] |
Frida stars Dolores del Rio as Frida.
| 0 | 0 |
Frida
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tinker was a member of the Chicago Cubs dynasty that won four pennants and two World Series championships between 1906 and 1910."
}
] |
FCNHM7qC8B3mItih1p5L
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Tinker was elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tinker was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946, the same year as Evers and Chance."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Tinker was posthumously inducted into the Florida State League Hall of Fame in 2009, in its inaugural class."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tinker was a member of the Chicago Cubs dynasty that won four pennants and two World Series championships between 1906 and 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Career summary",
"text": "During his decade with the Cubs, they went to the World Series four times, winning in 1907 and 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Tinker then batted .263 as the Cubs defeated the Tigers in the 1908 World Series in five games."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "However, he returned to health and scouted minor league players for the Boston Braves in 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "He accepted a $200 raise. The Cubs reached the 1910 World Series, and though Tinker batted .333 in the series, the Cubs lost to the Philadelphia Athletics in five games."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Tinker batted only .154 in the 1907 World Series, but the Cubs defeated the Detroit Tigers in five games."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Tinker scouted the Philadelphia Athletics' hitters for the Cubs prior to the 1929 World Series."
}
] |
Joe Tinker was a baseball player that was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1946 and won four World Series with the Cubs.
| 3 | 6 |
Joe Tinker
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film explores themes of race, gender, nationality, and sexuality against the backdrop of the Troubles in Northern Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At a fairground in rural Northern Ireland, a Provisional IRA volunteer named Fergus and a unit of other IRA members, led by a man named Maguire, kidnap a black British soldier named Jody after a female member of their unit, Jude, lures Jody to a secluded area with the promise of sex."
}
] |
FD6P1sttqzKwizHQHojE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "\"The Crying Game was placed on over 50 critics' ten-best lists in 1992, based on a poll of 106 film critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film explores themes of race, gender, nationality, and sexuality against the backdrop of the Troubles in Northern Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"The Crying Game\" – Boy George"
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"The Crying Game\" – Dave Berry"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The Crying Game received worldwide acclaim from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He wipes her fingerprints off the gun, replaces them with his own, and allows himself to be arrested in her place."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At a fairground in rural Northern Ireland, a Provisional IRA volunteer named Fergus and a unit of other IRA members, led by a man named Maguire, kidnap a black British soldier named Jody after a female member of their unit, Jude, lures Jody to a secluded area with the promise of sex."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The soundtrack to the film, The Crying Game: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, released on 23 February 1993, was produced by Anne Dudley and Pet Shop Boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The film has a 94% \"fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 66 reviews with the consensus: \"The Crying Game is famous for its shocking twist, but this thoughtful, haunting mystery grips the viewer from start to finish."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying Game is a 1992 thriller film written and directed by Neil Jordan, produced by Stephen Woolley, and starring Stephen Rea, Miranda Richardson, Jaye Davidson, Adrian Dunbar, and Forest Whitaker."
}
] |
The Crying Game takes place in Northern Ireland.
| 2 | 5 |
The Crying Game
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their bodies consist of mesoglea, a non-living jelly-like substance, sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell thick."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cnidaria () is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species of aquatic animals found both in freshwater and marine environments: they are predominantly marine."
}
] |
FDBkpeAy2iHrgpD8Ctew
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Cnidocytes",
"text": "This combination prevents them from firing at distant or non-living objects."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction with humans",
"text": "However, they are vulnerable to over-fishing, mining for construction materials, pollution, and damage caused by tourism."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Sexual",
"text": "Many species of Cnidaria may spawn simultaneously in the same location, so that there are too many ova and sperm for predators to eat more than a tiny percentage — one famous example is the Great Barrier Reef, where at least 110 corals and a few non-cnidarian invertebrates produce enough gametes to turn the water cloudy."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Skeletons",
"text": "A few polyps collect materials such as sand grains and shell fragments, which they attach to their outsides."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary history | Family tree",
"text": "This grouping of Cnidaria and Bilateria has been labelled \"Planulozoa\" because it suggests that the earliest Bilateria were similar to the planula larvae of Cnidaria."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their bodies consist of mesoglea, a non-living jelly-like substance, sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell thick."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Main cell layers",
"text": "Cnidocytes, the harpoon-like \"nettle cells\" that give the phylum Cnidaria its name."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Respiration",
"text": "Cnidaria that carry photosynthetic symbionts may have the opposite problem, an excess of oxygen, which may prove toxic."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Asexual",
"text": "All known cnidaria can reproduce asexually by various means, in addition to regenerating after being fragmented."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "Research then found that Polypodium hydriforme, a non-Myxozoan parasite within the egg cells of sturgeon, is closely related to the Myxozoa and suggested that both Polypodium and the Myxozoa were intermediate between cnidarians and bilaterian animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cnidaria () is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species of aquatic animals found both in freshwater and marine environments: they are predominantly marine."
}
] |
Cnidaria is primarily pelagic and their embody of non cellular gelatinous material.
| 0 | 0 |
Cnidaria
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Devlet- Devlet- i ʿAlīye -i ʿOsmānīye, literally \"The Sublime Ottoman State\"; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti; French: Empire ottoman) was a state and caliphate that controlled much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries."
}
] |
FG0MuhiDJAYscf13seCr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "A population estimate for the empire of 11,692,480 for the 1520–1535 period was obtained by counting the households in Ottoman tithe registers, and multiplying this number by 5."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Devlet- Devlet- i ʿAlīye -i ʿOsmānīye, literally \"The Sublime Ottoman State\"; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti; French: Empire ottoman) was a state and caliphate that controlled much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling most of Southeastern Europe, Central Europe, Western Asia, parts of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Northern Africa, and the Horn of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and modernization (1828–1908)",
"text": "Justin McCarthy estimates that during the period 1821 to 1922, 5.5 million Muslims died in southeastern Europe, with the expulsion of 5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and peak (1453–1566)",
"text": "Due to tension between the states of western Europe and the later Byzantine Empire, the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Government",
"text": "In Europe, only the House of Habsburg had a similarly unbroken line of sovereigns (kings/emperors) from the same family who ruled for so long, and during the same period, between the late 13th and early 20th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and peak (1453–1566)",
"text": "It also flourished economically due to its control of the major overland trade routes between Europe and Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiographical debate on the Ottoman state",
"text": "Stone also pointed out that despite the fact that Sunni Islam was the state religion, the Eastern Orthodox Church was supported and controlled by the Ottoman state, and in return to accepting that control became the largest land-holder in the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With Constantinople (modern day Istanbul) as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiographical debate on the Ottoman state",
"text": "Many historians led in 1937 by the Turkish historian M. Fuat Koprulu championed the Ghazi thesis that saw the Ottoman state as a continuation of the way of life of the nomadic Turkic tribes who had come from East Asia to Anatolia via Central Asia and the Middle East on a much larger scale."
}
] |
The Ottoman Empire was a state and caliphate that controlled much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries with a population estimate for the empire of 11,692,480 for the 1520–1535 period obtained by counting the households in Ottoman tithe registers, and multiplying this number by 5.
| 0 | 0 |
Ottoman Empire
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Kidney stones have been identified and recorded about as long as written historical records exist."
}
] |
FGVzriDFqJgYlnKhpfFv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other animals",
"text": "The human kidney is fairly typical of that of mammals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Urology addresses diseases of kidney (and urinary tract) anatomy: these include cancer, renal cysts, kidney stones and ureteral stones, and urinary tract obstruction."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Congenital disease",
"text": "Polycystic kidney disease Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease afflicts patients later in life."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Acquired",
"text": "The removal of kidney stones involves ultrasound treatment to break up the stones into smaller pieces, which are then passed through the urinary tract."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Kidney stones have been identified and recorded about as long as written historical records exist."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Acquired",
"text": "Interstitial nephritis Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are a relatively common and particularly painful disorder."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance",
"text": "There are overlapping areas that both nephrologists and urologists can provide care such as kidney stones and kidney related infections."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Congenital disease",
"text": "Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is far less common, but more severe, than the dominant condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Kidney injury and failure",
"text": "Only when the amount of functioning kidney tissue is greatly diminished does one develop chronic kidney disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Acquired",
"text": "One common symptom of kidney stones is a sharp to disabling pain in the middle and sides of the lower back or groin."
}
] |
Kidney stones are a fairly new disease of the kidney.
| 3 | 4 |
Kidney
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Social proof",
"text": "We become more influenced by people around us in situations that present a decision."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Persuasion can also be interpreted as using one's personal or positional resources to change people's behaviors or attitudes."
}
] |
FHcCTODp9L0PHjGDgaek
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Likeness",
"text": "People who are physically attractive seem more persuasive."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Likeness",
"text": "People say \"yes\" to people that they like."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Social proof",
"text": "We become more influenced by people around us in situations that present a decision."
},
{
"section_header": "In culture",
"text": "It is through a basic cultural personal definition of persuasion that everyday people understand how others are attempting to influence them"
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence",
"text": "Robert Cialdini, in Influence, his book on persuasion, defined six \"influence cues or weapons of influence\": Influence is the process of changing."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Social proof",
"text": ", that we then try to be just like other people."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Authority",
"text": "People like to listen to those who are knowledgeable and trustworthy, so if you can be those two things, then you are already on your way to getting people to believe and listen to you."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Likeness",
"text": "We are more easily persuaded by people we see as similar to ourselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Scarcity",
"text": "When something has limited availability, people assign it more value."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Social proof",
"text": "Social proof is most effective when people are uncertain or when there are similarities in a situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Persuasion can also be interpreted as using one's personal or positional resources to change people's behaviors or attitudes."
}
] |
Persuasion does not influence people.
| 0 | 0 |
Persuasion
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Refractive index measurement | Homogeneous media",
"text": "In this instrument a thin layer of the liquid to be measured is placed between two prisms."
}
] |
FHtj3hTCWQYLnYAcvkBa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Refractive index measurement | Homogeneous media",
"text": "The first laboratory refractometers sold commercially were developed by Ernst Abbe in the late 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "A refractometer is the instrument used to measure refractive index."
},
{
"section_header": "Refractive index measurement | Homogeneous media",
"text": "In gemology a different type of refractometer is used to measure index of refraction and birefringence of gemstones."
},
{
"section_header": "Refractive index measurement | Homogeneous media",
"text": "A high refractive index contact liquid is used to achieve optical contact between the gem and the prism."
},
{
"section_header": "Refractive index measurement | Homogeneous media",
"text": "Handheld variants are used in agriculture by, e.g., wine makers to determine sugar content in grape juice, and inline process refractometers are used in, e.g., chemical and pharmaceutical industry for process control."
},
{
"section_header": "Refractive index measurement | Homogeneous media",
"text": "The refractive index of liquids or solids can be measured with refractometers."
},
{
"section_header": "Refractive index measurement | Homogeneous media",
"text": "The second prism should have an index of refraction higher than that of the liquid, so that light only enters the prism at angles smaller than the critical angle for total reflection."
},
{
"section_header": "Refractive index measurement | Homogeneous media",
"text": "nG sin θ, where nG is the refractive index of the prism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This is called dispersion. It can be observed in prisms and rainbows, and as chromatic aberration in lenses."
},
{
"section_header": "Refractive index measurement | Homogeneous media",
"text": "The gem is placed on a high refractive index prism and illuminated from below."
},
{
"section_header": "Refractive index measurement | Homogeneous media",
"text": "In this instrument a thin layer of the liquid to be measured is placed between two prisms."
}
] |
Commercial refractometers use prisms.
| 0 | 3 |
Refractive index
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Defeated on their home ground, the Carthaginian ruling elite sued for peace and accepted humiliating terms, ending the 17-year war."
}
] |
FHxE7I1zJe3pOBTszGIq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Zama was fought in 202 BC near Zama, now in Tunisia, and marked the end of the Second Punic War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Defeated on their home ground, the Carthaginian ruling elite sued for peace and accepted humiliating terms, ending the 17-year war."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Soon after Scipio's victory at Zama the war ended, with the Carthaginian senate suing for peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "Scipio, now powerful enough, proposed to end the war by directly invading the Carthaginian homeland."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Unlike the treaty that ended the First Punic War, the terms Carthage acceded to were so punishing that it was never able to challenge Rome for supremacy of the Mediterranean again."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After defeating Carthaginian and Numidian armies at the battles of Utica and the Great Plains, Scipio imposed peace terms on the Carthaginians, who had no choice but to accept them."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Scipio and Hannibal confronted each other near Zama Regia."
},
{
"section_header": "Troop deployment",
"text": "The battle took place at Zama Regia, near Siliana 130 km southwest of Tunis."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "One provision of the treaty was that the Carthaginians were not allowed to make war without Roman consent."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle",
"text": "Hannibal experienced a major defeat that put an end to all resistance on the part of Carthage."
}
] |
The Battle of Zama was fought in 202 BC near Zama, now in Tunisia, and marked the end of the Second Punic War where defeated on their home ground, the Carthaginian ruling elite sued for peace and accepted humiliating terms, ending the 17 week war.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Zama
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "Frozen is the ninth-highest-grossing film, the highest-grossing animated film, and the highest-grossing 2013 film."
}
] |
FIJ4yOaRaezK9r1PGfp8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "In North America, Frozen is the twenty-sixth-highest-grossing film, the third-highest-grossing 2013 film, the fifth-highest-grossing animated film, the highest-grossing 2013 animated film, the twelfth-highest-grossing 3-D film, and the second-highest-grossing Walt Disney Animation Studios film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "Frozen is the ninth-highest-grossing film, the highest-grossing animated film, and the highest-grossing 2013 film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "In Japan, it is the third-highest-grossing film of all time, the second-highest-grossing imported film (behind Titanic) and the highest-grossing Disney film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It is the sixteenth-highest-grossing film (and was the fifth-highest at its peak), the third highest-grossing animated film (and was first-highest at its peak), the highest-grossing 2013 film, the third highest-grossing Walt Disney Pictures release, and the 8th-highest-grossing film distributed by Disney."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It went on to surpass Toy Story 3 (which was also distributed by Disney) as the highest-grossing animated film at the time as well as the highest grossing musical film before being surpassed by the remake of The Lion King in 2019; it also ranks as the 16th highest-grossing film of all time, the highest-grossing film of 2013, and the third highest-grossing film in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "It is the highest-grossing animated film in South Korea, Denmark, and Venezuela."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "In South Korea, Frozen is the second-largest foreign film both in terms of attendance and gross, the largest Disney release and the first animated film to earn more than ten million admissions."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "It also achieved the second-largest three-day and five-day Thanksgiving gross among all films, behind Catching Fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Excluding re-releases, it has the highest-grossing initial run among non-sequel animated films (a record previously held by Finding Nemo) and among Walt Disney Animation Studios films (a record previously held by The Lion King)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "It is also the highest-grossing Walt Disney Animation Studios film in more than 45 territories, including the Latin America region (specifically in Mexico and Brazil), the UK, Ireland, and Malta, Russia and the CIS, Ukraine, Norway, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia and China."
}
] |
Frozen is the second highest grossing animated film.
| 3 | 6 |
Frozen (2013 film)
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby."
}
] |
FIewZQ09igJUqTVAC3gE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The conspirators' principal aim was to kill King James, but many other important targets would also be present at the State Opening, including the monarch's nearest relatives and members of the Privy Council."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "Even if only half of the gunpowder had gone off, which Fawkes was apparently prepared for, everyone in the House of Lords and its environs would have been killed instantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "The experiment was conducted on the Advantica-owned Spadeadam test site and demonstrated that the explosion, if the gunpowder was in good order, would have killed all those in the building."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Further recruitment",
"text": "The building was occupied by Scottish commissioners appointed by the King to consider his plans for the unification of England and Scotland, so the plotters hired Catesby's lodgings in Lambeth, on the opposite bank of the Thames, from where their stored gunpowder and other supplies could be conveniently rowed across each night."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King James I's reign. The thwarting of the Gunpowder Plot was commemorated for many years afterwards by special sermons and other public events such as the ringing of church bells, which evolved into the Bonfire Night of today."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Last stand",
"text": "Catesby and Percy were reportedly killed by a single lucky shot."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Early plots",
"text": "In what became known as the Bye Plot, the priests William Watson and William Clark planned to kidnap James and hold him in the Tower of London until he agreed to be more tolerant towards Catholics."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Discovery",
"text": "Upon reading it, James immediately seized upon the word \"blow\" and felt that it hinted at \"some strategem of fire and powder\", perhaps an explosion exceeding in violence the one that killed his father, Lord Darnley, at Kirk o' Field in 1567."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Investigation",
"text": "\"Johnson\" meanwhile persisted with his story, and along with the gunpowder he was found with, was moved to the Tower of London, where the King had decided that \"Johnson\" would be tortured."
}
] |
The Gunpowder Plot was an ineffective plan to kill King James I.
| 3 | 4 |
Gunpowder Plot
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "He later said, \"I'm the only guy who played in the major leagues because I couldn't play in the minors.\" Mize was known as both \"Big Jawn\" and \"The Big Cat\" for his smooth fielding at first base."
}
] |
FIo85HdZ49looEqjf8nS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mize was a ten-time All-Star who played for the St. Louis Cardinals, New York Giants, and the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service and later career",
"text": "Mize hit 17 home runs in 51 games and batted over .475 while manning first base for the Bluejackets, other team members included: Phil Rizzuto who belonged to the Yankees; outfielders Sam Chapman, Dom DiMaggio and Barney McCosky; Frankie Pytlak; and Brooklyn shortstop Pee Wee Reese, and Johnny Lipon."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Johnny Mize Baseball Museum is located at Piedmont College."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "After his 1953 retirement, Mize worked as a radio commentator, scout and a hitting coach for the Giants (1955–60)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The college also honors the slugger with the Johnny Mize Athletic Center, a sports complex that houses the school's basketball arena."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "The Giants pursued Mize after learning that their first baseman, Babe Young, was going to be forced into military service."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service and later career",
"text": "Mize was traded to the New York Yankees late in the 1949 season after expressing discontent with his playing time."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service and later career",
"text": "Mize spent the last five years of his career with the Yankees, mostly as a part-time player, ending in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "In exchange for Mize, the Cardinals received Bill Lohrman, Johnny McCarthy, Ken O'Dea, and $50,000.Mize was involved in a 1941 lawsuit against"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his tenure with the Yankees, the team won five consecutive World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "He later said, \"I'm the only guy who played in the major leagues because I couldn't play in the minors.\" Mize was known as both \"Big Jawn\" and \"The Big Cat\" for his smooth fielding at first base."
}
] |
Johnny Mize was not an outfielder for the Yankees or Giants.
| 0 | 0 |
Johnny Mize
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Islamic Golden Age",
"text": "The Abbasid historical period lasting to the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258 CE is considered the Islamic Golden Age."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo (1261–1517)",
"text": "In 1261, following the devastation of Baghdad by the Mongols, the Mamluk rulers of Egypt re-established the Abbasid caliphate in Cairo."
}
] |
FIwE8YpKHZfVkUaGi3OK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Glass and crystal",
"text": "Finally, cut glass may have been the high point of Abbasid glass-working, decorated with floral and animal designs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo (1261–1517)",
"text": "The Mamluk army, though often viewed negatively, both helped and hurt the caliphate."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Treatment of Jews and Christians",
"text": "Most other Abbasid caliphs were not as strict as al-Mutawakkil, though."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buyid and Seljuq control (945–1118)",
"text": "The caliphs kept order in Baghdad itself, attempting to prevent the outbreak of fitnas in the capital, often contending with the ayyarun."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Fracture to autonomous dynasties (861–945)",
"text": "By the 920s, the situation had changed further, as North Africa was lost to the Abbasids."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buyid and Seljuq control (945–1118)",
"text": "Once again, the Abbasids were forced to deal with a military power that they could not match, though the Abbasid caliph remained the titular head of the Islamic community."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Treatment of Jews and Christians",
"text": "Dhimmis were capable of moving up and down the social ladder, though this largely depended on the particular caliph."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Fracture to autonomous dynasties (861–945)",
"text": "Especially after the \"Anarchy at Samarra\" (861–870), the Abbasid central government was weakened and centrifugal tendencies became more prominent in the Caliphate's provinces."
},
{
"section_header": "Decline of the empire",
"text": "Shortly thereafter, Berber Kharijites set up an independent state in North Africa in 801."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Treatment of Jews and Christians",
"text": "Jews and Christians did this by participating in scholarly work and"
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Islamic Golden Age",
"text": "The Abbasid historical period lasting to the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258 CE is considered the Islamic Golden Age."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo (1261–1517)",
"text": "In 1261, following the devastation of Baghdad by the Mongols, the Mamluk rulers of Egypt re-established the Abbasid caliphate in Cairo."
}
] |
The Abbasid Caliphate's most celebrated work, though not the Caliphate itself, was cut short by North Asians.
| 1 | 2 |
Abbasid Caliphate
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Inspirations",
"text": "The novel embodies a fusion of two competing aesthetics of 18th-century literature: the mock-heroic and neoclassical (and, by extension, aristocratic) approach of Augustans such as Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift; and the popular, domestic prose fiction of novelists such as Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson."
}
] |
FJEgoD4FsZMQ4GcJ0ONx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Richardson would continue to be a target of Fielding's first novel, but the Pamela phenomenon was just one example of what he saw as a culture of literary abuses in the mid-18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations",
"text": "The novel embodies a fusion of two competing aesthetics of 18th-century literature: the mock-heroic and neoclassical (and, by extension, aristocratic) approach of Augustans such as Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift; and the popular, domestic prose fiction of novelists such as Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Andrews, or The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his Friend Mr. Abraham Adams, was the first published full-length novel of the English author Henry Fielding, and among the first novels in the English language."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "It was released on region 1 DVD in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Book II",
"text": "After some comic litigious wrangling before the local magistrate, the pair are eventually released and depart shortly after midnight in search of Joseph."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage adaptation",
"text": "Joseph Andrews, a stage adaptation of the first and fourth books of the novel, was written by Samuel Jackson Pratt and performed on 20 April 1778 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Fielding, Henry Joseph Andrews and Shamela."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Fielding, Henry Joseph Andrews and Shamela."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "As becomes apparent from the first few chapters of the novel, in which Richardson and Cibber are parodied mercilessly, the real germ of Joseph Andrews is Fielding's objection to the moral and technical limitations of the popular literature of his day."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "The copy text of this edition is based on the second edition released on 10 June 1742."
}
] |
Joseph Andrews was released as an 18th century novel.
| 0 | 0 |
Joseph Andrews
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Leonard Gehringer (May 11, 1903 – January 21, 1993), nicknamed \"The Mechanical Man\", was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, general manager, and team vice president, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers for 19 seasons (1924–1942)."
}
] |
FJIenkZlvgYTq2KGR4Kn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "He was the starting second baseman and played every inning of the first six All Star Games."
},
{
"section_header": "Back-to-back pennants (1934 and 1935)",
"text": "\" Gehringer insisted that, if Cochrane had been called safe, \"we would've had the bases loaded with nobody out and we could've had a big inning.\" The Tigers wound up losing Game 6 by one run."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Leonard Gehringer (May 11, 1903 – January 21, 1993), nicknamed \"The Mechanical Man\", was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, general manager, and team vice president, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers for 19 seasons (1924–1942)."
},
{
"section_header": "1934 tour of Japan",
"text": "The American team won all 18 games by a combined score of 189–39, but on November 20, 1934, 17-year-old Eiji Sawamura pitched seven shutout innings and had consecutive strikeouts of Gehringer, Ruth, Gehrig, and Foxx."
},
{
"section_header": "Rogell and Gehringer",
"text": "Gehringer, of course, had nothing to say. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Gehringer, his mother and family",
"text": "Gehringer recalled that she was a diabetic and \"needed someone to look after her.\"Gehringer"
},
{
"section_header": "Gehringer becomes a star: 1927–1933",
"text": "In relative terms, 1931 was an \"off\" year for Gehringer."
},
{
"section_header": "Gehringer, his mother and family",
"text": "During his major league career, Gehringer lived with his mother in Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "Gehringer, his mother and family",
"text": "Charlie Gehringer was a cousin of retired Hall of Fame pitcher John Smoltz."
},
{
"section_header": "Rogell and Gehringer",
"text": "As reported in The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract: \"Rogell, astonished, looked at Gehringer to see if he was going to say anything."
}
] |
Gehringer was referred to as "Chichi" in MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Charlie Gehringer
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the only pitcher in major league history to record over 400 wins and strike out over 3,500 batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Perry Johnson (November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946), nicknamed \"Barney\" and \"The Big Train\", was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher."
}
] |
FJLfwFUOP3czMaj8poYJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He batted and threw right-handed."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "As a right-handed pitcher for the Washington Nationals/Senators, Walter Johnson won 417 games, the second most by any pitcher in history (after Cy Young, who won 511)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the only pitcher in major league history to record over 400 wins and strike out over 3,500 batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Perry Johnson (November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946), nicknamed \"Barney\" and \"The Big Train\", was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson's motion was especially difficult for right-handed batters to follow, as the ball seemed to be coming from third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johnson led the league in strikeouts a Major League record 12 times—one more than current strikeout leader Nolan Ryan—including a record eight straight seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson had a 38–26 record in games decided by a 1–0 score; both his wins and losses in these games are major league records."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson holds the record for most three-pitch innings by any major league pitcher with four."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He and Young are the only pitchers to have won 400 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1985, Jonathan Richman recorded the song \"Walter Johnson\", which dwelt on Johnson's personality and behaviour as an exemplar of what can be good in sport."
}
] |
Walter Johnson who predominantly pitched with his right hand set a record of more than 400 wins.
| 0 | 0 |
Walter Johnson
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Distribution and habitat",
"text": "While almost all echinoderms are benthic – that is, they live on the sea floor – some sea-lilies can swim at great velocity for brief periods of time, and a few deep-sea sea cucumbers are fully floating."
}
] |
FJuRwg44XoEiI3Prcu4v
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "All echinoderms are marine and nearly all are benthic."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecology",
"text": "Echinoderms are numerous and relatively large invertebrates and play an important role in marine, benthic ecosystems."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution and habitat",
"text": "While almost all echinoderms are benthic – that is, they live on the sea floor – some sea-lilies can swim at great velocity for brief periods of time, and a few deep-sea sea cucumbers are fully floating."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Sexual reproduction",
"text": "Some echinoderms brood their eggs."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "The larvae of echinoderms have bilateral symmetry"
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Other organs",
"text": "The coelomic cavities of echinoderms are complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The echinoderms are important both ecologically and geologically."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology",
"text": "Echinoderms evolved from animals with bilateral symmetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Regeneration",
"text": "Many echinoderms have remarkable powers of regeneration."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "Echinoderms left behind an extensive fossil record."
}
] |
Echinoderms are not benthic.
| 2 | 5 |
Echinoderm
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | American casualties and damage",
"text": "2,008 sailors were killed and 710 others wounded; 218 soldiers and airmen (who were part of the Army prior to the independent United States Air Force in 1947) were killed and 364 wounded; 109 marines were killed and 69 wounded; and 68 civilians were killed and 35 wounded."
}
] |
FK55NTeV1DoTqHOZVehq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Congress obliged his request less than an hour later."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | American casualties and damage",
"text": "Author Craig Nelson wrote that the vast majority of the U.S. sailors killed at Pearl Harbor were junior enlisted personnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | First wave composition",
"text": "The results the Japanese achieved in the Philippines were essentially the same as at Pearl Harbor, though MacArthur had almost nine hours warning that the Japanese had already attacked Pearl Harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | American casualties and damage",
"text": "2,008 sailors were killed and 710 others wounded; 218 soldiers and airmen (who were part of the Army prior to the independent United States Air Force in 1947) were killed and 364 wounded; 109 marines were killed and 69 wounded; and 68 civilians were killed and 35 wounded."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | Second wave composition",
"text": "One was tasked to attack Kāneʻohe, the rest Pearl Harbor proper."
},
{
"section_header": "Background to conflict | Objectives",
"text": "Striking the Pacific Fleet at anchor in Pearl Harbor carried two distinct disadvantages: the targeted ships would be in very shallow water, so it would be relatively easy to salvage and possibly repair them, and most of the crews would survive the attack, since many would be on shore leave or would be rescued from the harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Over this vast expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and naked.\" Throughout the war, Pearl Harbor was frequently used in American propaganda."
},
{
"section_header": "Ships lost or damaged | Cruisers",
"text": "64 dead. Helena: hit by one torpedo; returned to service January 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Ships lost or damaged | Cruisers",
"text": "20 dead. Raleigh: hit by one torpedo; returned to service February 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam, and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong."
}
] |
The Attack on Pearl Harbor was over in less than 2 hours, leaving 3,030 sailors dead and 760 wounded.
| 1 | 3 |
Attack on Pearl Harbor
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All the President's Men is a 1976 American political thriller film about the Watergate scandal, which brought down the presidency of Richard M. Nixon."
}
] |
FKRh2SI0dLJZL1zr4KgV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "\"All The President's Men\" Revisited",
"text": "It simultaneously recounts how The Washington Post broke Watergate and how the scandal unfolded, going behind the scenes of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "He also says a scene of Bernstein and Ephron's made it to the final film, a bit where Bernstein outfakes a secretary in order to see someone—something that was not factually true."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Entertainment Weekly ranked All the President's Men as one of its 25 \"Powerful Political Thrillers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Ben Bradlee, executive editor of the Washington Post, realized that the film was going to be made regardless of whether he approved of it and believed that it made \"more sense to try to influence it factually\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When the two relay this to Bradlee, he urges them to carry on despite the risk from Nixon's re-election."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All the President's Men is a 1976 American political thriller film about the Watergate scandal, which brought down the presidency of Richard M. Nixon."
},
{
"section_header": "\"All The President's Men\" Revisited",
"text": "It explores how the Watergate scandal would be covered in the present day, whether such a scandal could happen again, and who Richard Nixon was as a man."
},
{
"section_header": "Differences from the book",
"text": "Unlike the book, the film covers only the first seven months of the Watergate scandal, from the time of the break-in to Nixon's second inauguration on January 20, 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Woodward and Bernstein manage to connect the five burglars to corrupt activities around campaign contributions to Nixon's Committee to Re-elect the President (CRP or, more common at the time, CREEP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Directed by Alan J. Pakula with a screenplay by William Goldman, it is based on the 1974 non-fiction book of the same name by Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, the two journalists investigating the Watergate scandal for The Washington Post."
}
] |
This film is about the 2012 election and the scandals going on behind the scenes.
| 0 | 0 |
All the President's Men (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack."
}
] |
FKUZNnRz7VI9lRaPBAFE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "George Clooney as Michael Raymond Clayton."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Best Actor (George Clooney) Washington"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Best Actor (George Clooney) Satellite Award"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Best Actor (George Clooney) San Francisco Film Critics Circle"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Nominations",
"text": "Best Actor (George Clooney) Best Director (Tony Gilroy) Best Picture"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Roger Ebert gave it a full four stars and Richard Roeper named it the best film of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads: \"Michael Clayton is one of the most sharply scripted films of 2007, with an engrossing premise and faultless acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Time magazine said that \"Michael Clayton is not an exercise in high-tension energy; you'll never confuse its eponymous protagonist with Jason Bourne."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a \"fixer\" for a prestigious New York City law firm, using his connections and knowledge of legal loopholes for clients' benefit."
}
] |
Michael Clayton stars George Clooney.
| 0 | 0 |
Michael Clayton
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The only translation published in Orwell's lifetime was into Italian, in December 1948."
}
] |
FKimpRGrh14sVTiooV2C
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The only translation published in Orwell's lifetime was into Italian, in December 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A French translation by Yvonne Davet—with whom Orwell corresponded, commenting on her translation and providing explanatory notes—in 1938–39, was not published until five years after Orwell's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "After years of neglect Homage to Catalonia re-emerged in the 1950s, following on from the success of Orwell's later books."
},
{
"section_header": "The Crystal Spirit",
"text": "The poem was included in Orwell's 1942 essay \"Looking Back on the Spanish War\", published in New Road in 1943.The closing phrase of the poem, \"No bomb that ever burst shatters the crystal spirit\", was later taken by George Woodcock for the title of his Governor General's Award-winning critical study of Orwell and his work, The Crystal Spirit (1966)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary of chapters | Chapter ten",
"text": "Here he begins with musings on how the Spanish Civil War might turn out."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "After nine months of animal husbandry and writing up Homage to Catalonia at their cottage at Wallington, Hertfordshire, Orwell's health declined, and he had to spend several months at a sanatorium in Aylesford, Kent."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "\" Franz Borkenau, in a letter to Orwell of June 1938, called the book, together with his own The Spanish Cockpit, a complete \"picture of the revolutionary phase of the Spanish War.\" According to Raymond Carr: The Spanish Civil war produced a spate of bad literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Orwell's experiences, culminating in his and his wife Eileen O'Shaughnessy's narrow escape from the communist purges in Barcelona in June 1937, greatly increased his sympathy for the POUM and, while not affecting his moral and political commitment to socialism, made him a lifelong anti-Stalinist."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "\"No one who was in Spain during the months when people still believed in the revolution will ever forget that strange and moving experience."
}
] |
Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War, and the only translation published in Orwell's lifetime was into Italian, in December 1948.
| 0 | 0 |
Homage to Catalonia
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "Jay-Z has previously stated in a song that \"the greatest form of giving is anonymous to anonymous\" and, in 2013, it was revealed by author dream hampton, who co-wrote Jay-Z's book Decoded, that he quietly established a trust fund for Sean Bell's children."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In June 2019, Jay-Z officially became the first hip hop billionaire, making him the fifth-wealthiest African American and the wealthiest American musician."
}
] |
FLKuobnrM9iSNJsODYfF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2012–2016: Magna Carta Holy Grail and other ventures",
"text": "Jay-Z collaborated with M.I.A on her single \"XXXO\", which achieved a fair level of success and went on to become remixed by several producers worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne",
"text": "The song's existence, along with several other tracks from the album, was confirmed during a listening session hosted by"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Outside of his musical career, Jay-Z has also attained significant success and media attention for his career as a businessman."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2017–2018: 4:44 and Everything Is Love",
"text": "The album spawned two singles, the title track \"4:44\" and \"Bam\", as well as several music videos, directed by a variety of high-profile collaborators."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1998–2000: Vol. 2..., Vol. 3... and The Dynasty",
"text": "In 2000, Jay-Z released The Dynasty: Roc La Familia, which was originally intended to become a compilation album for Roc-A-Fella artists"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2003–2005: The Black Album and initial retirement",
"text": "He worked with several producers including Just Blaze, The Neptunes, Kanye West, Timbaland, Eminem, DJ Quik, 9th Wonder, The Buchanans, and Rick Rubin."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2012–2016: Magna Carta Holy Grail and other ventures",
"text": "The performance was produced by Live Nation and assembled an eclectic lineup of \"rock, hip hop, R&B, Latin music and dance\" musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne",
"text": "Although, it was later revealed by West that the project had become a full-length LP."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jay-Z became embroiled in several battles with rapper LL Cool J in the early 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In June 2019, Jay-Z officially became the first hip hop billionaire, making him the fifth-wealthiest African American and the wealthiest American musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "Jay-Z has previously stated in a song that \"the greatest form of giving is anonymous to anonymous\" and, in 2013, it was revealed by author dream hampton, who co-wrote Jay-Z's book Decoded, that he quietly established a trust fund for Sean Bell's children."
}
] |
Jay-Z is a famous philanthropist, businessman, and author of several albums becoming the richest musician.
| 0 | 0 |
Jay-Z
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "March was born in Racine, Wisconsin, the son of Cora Brown Marcher (1863–1936), a schoolteacher from England, and John F. Bickel (1859–1941), a devout Presbyterian Church elder who worked in the wholesale hardware business."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He began a career as a banker, but an emergency appendectomy caused him to re-evaluate his life, and in 1920, he began working as an \"extra\" in movies made in New York City, using a shortened form of his mother's maiden name."
}
] |
FLT2wxVPXNYY3hosY3NU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "Biographies of March include Fredric March: Craftsman First, Star Second by Deborah C. Peterson (1996), and Fredric March: A Consummate Actor (2013) by Charles Tranberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "March was born in Racine, Wisconsin, the son of Cora Brown Marcher (1863–1936), a schoolteacher from England, and John F. Bickel (1859–1941), a devout Presbyterian Church elder who worked in the wholesale hardware business."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He began a career as a banker, but an emergency appendectomy caused him to re-evaluate his life, and in 1920, he began working as an \"extra\" in movies made in New York City, using a shortened form of his mother's maiden name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "On March 25, 1954, March co-hosted the 26th Annual Academy Awards ceremony from New York City, with co-host Donald O'Connor in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "In addition, the 500-seat theater at the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh is named after March."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "March served in the United States Army during World War I as an artillery lieutenant."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "March also played one of two leads in The Desperate Hours (1955) with Humphrey Bogart."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "March has a star for motion pictures on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 1620 Vine Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "March was married to actress Florence Eldridge from 1927 until his death in 1975, and they had two adopted children."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "March resisted signing long-term contracts with the studios, enabling him to play roles in films from a variety of studios."
}
] |
March grew up in Wisconsin and his first job was a banker.
| 2 | 3 |
Fredric March
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Early in the conflict, McClellan was appointed to the rank of major general and played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army, which would become the Army of the Potomac in the Eastern Theater; he served a brief period (November 1861 to March 1862) as general-in-chief of the Union Army."
}
] |
FLcfxXSyCuSSchKW4r7J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "The Life, Campaigns, and Public Services of General George B McClellan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Several geographic features and establishments have been named for George B. McClellan."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "New York: New York: G.P. Putnam, 1864. Report of Major General George B McClellan, Upon the Organization of the Army of the Potomac and Its campaigns in Virginia and Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Fire Department of New York operated a fireboat named George B. McClellan from 1904 to 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "85,094 (44.9%) The Mexican War Diary of George B. McClellan (William Starr Myers, Editor)."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "The Report of Captain George B. McClellan, One of the Officers Sent to the Seat of War in Europe, in 1855 and 1856, 1857."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "McClellan's son, George B. McClellan Jr. (1865–1940), was born in Dresden in the Kingdom of Saxony during the family's first trip to Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | Peninsula Campaign",
"text": "Early in the campaign, Confederate General John B. \"Prince John\" Magruder defended the Peninsula against McClellan's advance with a vastly smaller force."
},
{
"section_header": "Electoral history",
"text": "Abraham Lincoln/Andrew Johnson (National Union) – 2,218,388 (55.0%) and 212 electoral votes George B. McClellan/George H. Pendleton (Democratic) – 1,812,807 (45.0%) and 21 electoral votes (3 states carried)New Jersey gubernatorial election, 1877: George B. McClellan (D) – 97,837 (51.7%) William Augustus Newell (R) –"
},
{
"section_header": "Electoral history",
"text": "1864 Democratic National Convention: George B. McClellan – 174 (77.3%) Thomas H. Seymour – 38 (16.9%) Horatio Seymour – 12 (5.3%) 1864 Democratic National Convention: George B. McClellan – 174 (77.3%) Thomas H. Seymour – 38 (16.9%) Horatio Seymour – 12 (5.3%) Charles O'Conor – 1 (0.4%)1864 United States presidential election"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Early in the conflict, McClellan was appointed to the rank of major general and played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army, which would become the Army of the Potomac in the Eastern Theater; he served a brief period (November 1861 to March 1862) as general-in-chief of the Union Army."
}
] |
George B. McClellan was a general for the Confederate army.
| 2 | 5 |
George B. McClellan
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and legal career",
"text": "His wife, Mary Marot (Armistead), was the daughter of a prominent plantation owner, Robert Booth Armistead."
}
] |
FLkbnhWyLTdn6D3uN4Fy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency and death",
"text": "He did not take farming lightly and worked hard to maintain large yields."
},
{
"section_header": "1840 presidential election | Adding Tyler to the ticket",
"text": "One of the convention managers, New York publisher Thurlow Weed, alleged that \"Tyler was finally taken because we could get nobody else to accept\"—though"
},
{
"section_header": "Family and personal life",
"text": "It was difficult to practice law while away in Washington part of the year, and his plantation was more profitable when Tyler was available to manage it himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Foreign and military affairs",
"text": "The same year, he sent Henry Wheaton as a minister to Berlin, where he negotiated and signed a trade agreement with the Zollverein, a coalition of German states that managed tariffs."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Tariff and distribution debate",
"text": "He also supported a plan to distribute to the states any revenue from the sales of public land, as an emergency measure to manage the states' growing debt, even though this would cut federal revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Pointing to Tyler's advances in foreign policy, she deemed Tyler's presidency \"flawed ... but ... not a failure\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | Return to state politics",
"text": "Tyler's governorship was otherwise uneventful."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Judicial appointments",
"text": "Tyler's four unsuccessful nominees are the most by a president."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845)",
"text": "Tyler's opponents never fully accepted him as president."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Administration and cabinet",
"text": "Four of Tyler's Cabinet nominees were rejected, the most of any president."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and legal career",
"text": "His wife, Mary Marot (Armistead), was the daughter of a prominent plantation owner, Robert Booth Armistead."
}
] |
Tyler's father-in-law was the manager of a farm.
| 0 | 3 |
John Tyler
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "France, including its overseas territories, has the most time zones of any country, with a total of 12."
}
] |
FMaxRzhTILDuKYWhm0CH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early modern period (15th century–1789)",
"text": "Louis XVI, Louis XV's grandson, actively supported the Americans, who were seeking their independence from Great Britain (realised in the Treaty of Paris (1783))."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Revolutionary France (1789–1799)",
"text": "France had declared war on Great Britain and the Dutch Republic in November 1792 and did the same on Spain in March 1793; in the spring of 1793, Austria and Prussia invaded France; in March, France created a \"sister republic\" in the \"Republic of Mainz\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early modern period (15th century–1789)",
"text": "This rebellion was driven by the great feudal lords and sovereign courts as a reaction to the rise of royal absolute power in France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early modern period (15th century–1789)",
"text": "Under Louis XV, Louis XIV's great-grandson, France lost New France and most of its Indian possessions after its defeat in the Seven Years' War (1756–63)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "France, including its overseas territories, has the most time zones of any country, with a total of 12."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature",
"text": "He is, along with Pierre Corneille (Le Cid) and Molière, considered as one of the three great dramatists of France's golden age."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Administrative divisions",
"text": "Regions Since 2016 France is mainly divided into 18 administrative regions: 13 regions in metropolitan France (including the territorial collectivity of Corsica), and five located overseas."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art",
"text": "The French Revolution brought great changes, as Napoleon favoured artists of neoclassic style such as Jacques-Louis David and the highly influential"
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Fashion",
"text": "But France renewed its dominance of the high fashion (French: couture or haute couture) industry in the years 1860–1960 through the establishing of the great couturier houses such as Chanel, Dior, and Givenchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered a great power in global affairs, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and an official nuclear-weapon state."
}
] |
France and its territories have a great deal of time regions, second only to Great Britain.
| 1 | 4 |
France
|
Music
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She studied at Collaborative Arts Project 21, through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, before dropping out to pursue a music career."
}
] |
FNHUqK6hbRN0dHIVjU7o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "[Gaga] has sported outfits made from plastic bubbles, Kermit the Frog dolls, and raw meat.\""
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and themes",
"text": "Almost never does she overwhelm a song with her vocal ability, recognizing instead that artistry is to be found in nuance rather than lung power."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2010: Breakthrough with The Fame and The Fame Monster",
"text": "Concerts performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for an HBO television special, Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour:"
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Philanthropy",
"text": "It's On Us campaign as he traveled to colleges on behalf of the organization, which has seen 250,000 students from more than 530 colleges"
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Born This Way Foundation",
"text": "The foundation's original funding included $1.2 million from Gaga, $500,000 from the MacArthur Foundation, and $850,000 from Barneys New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2010: Breakthrough with The Fame and The Fame Monster",
"text": "Its first single, \"Bad Romance\", was released one month earlier and went number one in Canada and the UK, and number two in the US, Australia and New Zealand."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Gaga wore a dress made of raw beef to the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, which was supplemented by boots, a purse, and a hat also made out of raw beef."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2005–2007: Career beginnings",
"text": "They played gigs around New York and became a fixture of the downtown Lower East Side club scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Philanthropy",
"text": "All profits from her online store that day were also donated, and Gaga announced that $500,000 was collected for the fund."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28, 1986 at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, to a Catholic family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She studied at Collaborative Arts Project 21, through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, before dropping out to pursue a music career."
}
] |
Lady Gaga never went to college and instead worked at the raw meat counter at a New York store.
| 5 | 9 |
Lady Gaga
|
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