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B3C82409B8C2
1,622,659,666,257
1,650
1,941
Drivers or anyone learning to operate a vehicle should not be able to use their phones. Using phones can cause serious injuries to themselves and others around them. By using updated technology and avoiding phones, drivers can drive safely and keep other drivers and passengers safe as well
Concluding Statement
Concluding Statement 1
267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,371,686
35
375
Being on the phone while driving has become a nationwide problem. This problem is due to the increase of the relationship between phone and man. Humans have become more in tuned with their phones rather than paying attention to what is happening in front of them. The cell phone makes the driver lose focus of the road causing many problems
Lead
Lead 1
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,366,067
376
436
People should not be allowed to use the phone while driving
Position
Position 1
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,409,452
445
548
lives are being loss while people are texting and driving and it is dangerous for everyone on the road
Claim
Claim 1
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,420,971
549
701
There are two main solutions for preventing using the phone while driving which are either having more police patrol units out to help monitor the roads
Claim
Claim 2
96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,426,228
705
768
having the person set up a self-control system for themselves.
Claim
Claim 3
123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,436,066
769
906
The first prevention method is to have more police patrolling the roads as a way of moderating cell phone usage while people are driving
Claim
Claim 4
133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,470,645
907
1,625
When people see the police, there is an instant nervous feeling that follows. Instilling fear of tickets or even the idea of going to jail within the people could help control the problem of cell phones and driving. If people see that police are watching, they will instantly do the right thing. Police patrolling can help decrease the numbers of distracted drivers on the road, ensure the safety of the drivers themselves and the people around them. Setting up units around the road could not only help with distracted driving but also help with situations that put others at risk while being on the road. These patrol units could be of benefit for numerous problems but distracted driving being the most important
Evidence
Evidence 1
157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,458,388
1,626
1,680
Although it is not an immediate reform to the problem
Counterclaim
Counterclaim 1
279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,462,605
1,681
1,711
it is a start for correction.
Rebuttal
Rebuttal 1
289 290 291 292 293 294
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,481,026
1,712
1,869
The final prevention method is to have the people set up self-control systems that not only will ensure the safety of themselves, but the people around them
Claim
Claim 5
295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,496,688
1,870
2,767
There are many different systems that can be put in place. One of the first things the driver could do is turn the phone off completely. This will ensure that there is no way the person can use the phone or react to any incoming notifications. If a person is not comfortable with the phone being completely off, then having the phone on silent is the next recommended response to be performed. This can help the driver focus more on the road because the sound of the phone's notifications are not distracting. This is not as effective as turning off the phone because depending on the location of the phone, the driver may be able to see the phone screen light up. If this occurs then the driver can be distracted. The most recommended self-control system is to have the phone completely turned off because it is fully assured that the phone will not be aiding in the problem of distracted driving
Evidence
Evidence 2
322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483
AC06F13B54DD
1,622,462,397,981
2,770
3,890
In conclusion, people should not be allowed to use their phones while driving. Driving while distracted is a safety problem that can be corrected. One way of correcting distracted driving with cell phones is to have police units set up on the road watching for any signs of cell phone usage during driving. These police units can ensure the safety of drivers on the road and even pedestrians. There is also the method of drivers setting up their own self-control system. These systems allow for the driver to be responsible for his or her own actions that help with the reforms of distracted driving. The two systems are turning the phone off or having the phone on silent. Turning the phone off is a secure solution for distracted driving because the driver will not have any interaction with the phone. Silencing the phone is the next recommended solution because this allows for the diver to concentrate on the road with a clear mind. These solutions to the problem of distracted driving may not be immediate, but they are a start to helping decrease the dangers that are triggered when distracted driving occurs.
Concluding Statement
Concluding Statement 1
484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675
ED4186119E60
1,622,829,918,029
22
400
In our age, many civilians all over the globe use their cellular devices either for activity planning, work related tasks, streaming or just talk or text. Phones in this generation are considered an addiction or a drug to our lives and is in a way that is dangerous due to how easily it is to get distracted, or lose focus, on to them even in times when we shouldn't be on them.
Lead
Lead 1
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
ED4186119E60
1,622,829,912,181
401
565
When conducting a vehicle, all senses and attention is needed to be on the road to prevent an accident that can come at you from anywhere, when you least expect it.
Position
Position 1
75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
ED4186119E60
1,622,830,035,728
566
799
Does texting and driving cause traffic accidents? When your not focusing on the road, something that requires full attention at all times, it causes distractions and in most cenarios you or others could end up getting hurt or worse.
Claim
Claim 1
106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144
ED4186119E60
1,622,829,938,381
800
930
Driving is an action and responsibility that requires utmost attention when conducting, most especially around family or friends.
Claim
Claim 2
145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162
ED4186119E60
1,622,829,947,843
930
1,538
Distractions can and will get in the way when driving and not acknowledging it is the best and safest course of action a responsible citizen can take. Trying to conduct a vehicle can be difficult for some and easier for others and it's understandable but those who have no knowledge on how to drive still can cause car accidents caused by lack of focus when driving which is why most federal laws were created to prevent phone usage while conducting any motor vehicle and have been since enforced by police officers to keep others and ourselves safe from any possibly dangerous car accidents and fatalities.
Evidence
Evidence 1
163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267
ED4186119E60
1,622,829,988,304
1,539
2,291
Cellular devices were manufactured for fast, reliable, and strong communication to help us react fast if there were to be trouble or we were put in Harm way. Many situations may call us to get help as quickly as possible and there for cellular devices are there to call emergency services . Over the past few years, cell phones have evolved to be able to help us in our daily lives. A good example would be reminders for occasions, calls from or to work/ video chat calls for face to face meetings if necessary, quick information gathering, and many more uses. The mobile era is riding strong and doesn't look like its gonna fall for awhile with many apps developed that can be downloaded and used on our phones from social media apps to learning ones.
Evidence
Evidence 2
268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403
ED4186119E60
1,622,829,970,278
2,292
2,449
The use of phones has changed the lives of many to the best or worst occasions, meaning that phones are good for us only at certain times, not all the time.
Counterclaim
Counterclaim 1
404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434
ED4186119E60
1,622,830,004,167
2,450
2,594
In all reality is that phones are useful but can cause harm to us and others like health problems, mental problems, and tear what we call fun.
Claim
Claim 3
435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461
ED4186119E60
1,622,830,009,945
2,594
3,273
Driving is a necessity for moving around different areas quickly if your not in the mood for taking public transportation to get to your certain location. Both the cellular devices and motor vehicles were made to make our lives more convenient and simpler in this new era of hybrid technology, but by irresponsibly combining both together can cause dangerous issues and can and will hurt yourself and the lives of others. Thinking about the ages without these tools life was a much more complex for even the most simplest things and it became harder to keep up with, meaning that staying updated on friends and family or trying to get from place to place was an everyday hassel.
Evidence
Evidence 3
462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579
ED4186119E60
1,622,830,019,087
3,274
4,103
In Overall, the citizens of the states know what's right from wrong and when doing or acting on a certain thing they should know when to do something at the correct time. Does texting and driving cause traffic accidents? In every single aspex blame will fall onto those who don't and know better not abuse the technology at hand of the new generation like bluetooth devices, speakerphones in the car, and smartwatches for instant access. The federal laws that help and try to prevent people from harm do their most and absolute best to stop dangerous people. The citizens need to contribute to helping each other as well as the law. Driving and texting is a combination that should never ever be done to in order to prevent future accidents and save lives, while being safe from one to another in this free world we call home.
Concluding Statement
Concluding Statement 1
580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726
1E68FF259297
1,623,098,659,399
0
316
Anyone who has watched television for more than five minutes in the last two or three years has undoubtedly either seen a commercial that shows the gruesome consequences of texting while driving or seen a news story that spoke about a person who lost their life because of a text message that simply could not wait.
Lead
Lead 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
1E68FF259297
1,623,098,667,539
317
400
Texting while driving is not something that should be done under most circumstances
Position
Position 1
56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
1E68FF259297
1,623,098,672,732
405
520
a person should be giving their full attention and focus to the road in front of them, not the phone in their hand
Claim
Claim 1
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92
1E68FF259297
1,623,098,682,389
521
1,122
Texting should not ever be the main priority in a person’s life and there are a number of instances where the person should put their phone down and wait for the proper moment to send that all important text to a friend. Once a person gets used to texting while driving, there is no telling where it will stop. One of the biggest problems with the technological advances that are being made is that it is turning people who used to be thoughtful and caring about the world around them into zombies. When you are constantly staring into a phone, you are bound to miss out on the little things in life.
Evidence
Evidence 1
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204
1E68FF259297
1,623,098,688,108
1,123
1,264
Texting while driving does not encourage a person to care about their surroundings and fosters a sense of detachment from the world at large
Claim
Claim 2
205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228
1E68FF259297
1,623,098,693,069
1,265
1,341
Constantly waiting for that next text to come rolling in is no way to live.
Evidence
Evidence 2
229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243
1E68FF259297
1,623,098,647,635
1,342
1,714
Life is not always entertaining. But with the advent of smart phones, people are now discovering way to keep themselves amused constantly, which is not healthy. There are moments in life that are sad, boring or simply indifferent. When you do not give yourself a chance to appreciate the slower periods in life, you are not able to appreciate the good times as much.
Concluding Statement
Concluding Statement 1
244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307
E8AA57299B26
1,622,819,375,989
0
511
Texting and driving has been the cause of so many deadly accidents, looking down at your phone for what you think is just a second could change your life forever. So many die every day from a car crashed caused by texting and driving. Whether it's you doing it or someone else on the road it could still change your life forever. Its so sad to think that you could lose your life at any moment while being in a car just riding down the road and get hit by someone that is on their phone while they are driving.
Lead
Lead 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
E8AA57299B26
1,622,819,380,637
511
637
If you are in the car with someone and they are on their phone, ask them to put it down... save a life or even your own life.
Position
Position 1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127
E8AA57299B26
1,622,819,388,178
638
804
It's so sad to know that there are people out there that are that selfish to be on their phone while they are driving and not fully understand the consequences of it.
Claim
Claim 1
128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159
E8AA57299B26
1,622,819,394,481
805
1,177
The law enforcement here these last couple of years have really buckled down on the no phone while operating a vehicle law. They have just recently passed a law that you cant even have your phone on person while driving. If you get pulled over and you have it anywhere around you, you can get a big ticket. It's not even worth it in my opinion, the text or call can wait.
Evidence
Evidence 1
160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231
E8AA57299B26
1,622,819,403,312
1,178
1,345
The newer vehicles are making them now where you can connect them through Bluetooth on your phone and send messages and calls through just saying it over the speaker.
Claim
Claim 2
232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260
E8AA57299B26
1,622,819,415,725
1,345
1,804
I have an older model Malibu, and it doesn't have all of the fantsy stuff but it does have Bluetooth and "ONstar" which is where you can call and talk over the phone instead of being on your phone. So many people I know have been in wrecks and the cause of it are phones. Phones are addicting and I want to be on mine all the time, but I know when I'm driving I don't need to be on mine because I can barely focus on the road much less my phone and the road.
Evidence
Evidence 2
261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356
E8AA57299B26
1,622,819,426,429
1,805
1,943
My down the line cousin got in a wreck and killed someone for a couple of reasons, one being the cause of having the phone up to his hear.
Claim
Claim 3
357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385
E8AA57299B26
1,622,819,437,517
1,944
2,510
This young girl was coming back from college in Cartersville, and my cousin was driving coming back from his friends house and he wasn't paying attention to see the girl coming and pulled out right in front of her, and killed her. They saw that one of the causes was because of cell phone use and other things that were in his system... and he got charged with vehicular homicide. Which is killing someone while driving. My cousin is not a killer at all but he was on the phone while he was driving and killed someone from not having his full attention on the road.
Evidence
Evidence 3
386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491
E8AA57299B26
1,622,819,447,304
2,511
3,096
Cars are really dangerous anyway, and hard to control sometimes, and adding a phone in that equation doesn't make sense. Some people do drugs they are illegal, but it's a matter of not caring, and being addicted. That's kind of the same thing about the texting and driving. Some people just don't care, and some just are too addicted to get off of it while they are driving. I'm not saying I am a perfect angel myself because I have been on my phone while I've been driving before but I don't do it often, because I know what it can do and cause, and that's not what I want at all.
Concluding Statement
Concluding Statement 1
492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603
3F9644F1A9EF
1,622,811,726,371
36
514
Cell phones have became a necessity of our lives. Research says cell phones are the main factors that causes car accidents. Studies also shows that a cell phone put drivers at a greater risk of a crash. Instead of worrying about the dangers of cell phone usage while driving, people still use their cell phones because they just can't seem to keep their attention off the devices and keep in touch with other people. Although some people support using cell phones while driving
Lead
Lead 1
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88
3F9644F1A9EF
1,622,811,720,314
515
650
there are many evidences that they are dangerous and people should avoid talking & texting while driving because it isn't safe at all.
Position
Position 1
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111
3F9644F1A9EF
1,622,811,751,724
651
1,075
According to the National Safety Council, 1.2 million car crashes in 2013 involved drivers talking on the phone, and at least 341,000 involved text messaging. Texting while driving statistics show that using a device while operating your vehicle is becoming life-threatening. Talking or texting while driving or checking your social media posts takes eyes off the road and you lose focus of the road and the task of driving.
Evidence
Evidence 1
112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
3F9644F1A9EF
1,622,811,745,852
1,076
1,209
Since teen lack driving skills and aren't really experienced with driving, cell phone use can be especially deadly for teen drivers.
Claim
Claim 1
181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
3F9644F1A9EF
1,622,811,773,877
1,210
1,421
It's absolutely important to avoid these incidents, you first have to learn to stay off your device. Along with being able to pay better attention to what's in front of you, you'd be less likely to have a crash.
Claim
Claim 2
202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240
3F9644F1A9EF
1,622,811,779,124
1,421
1,707
In addition to this you should complete any call or text before starting the car. As well as getting directions and try to visualize the destination before starting the car and driving. Furthermore check in with friends or parents only after you've arrived to your destination safely.
Evidence
Evidence 2
241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287
3F9644F1A9EF
1,622,811,814,383
1,708
1,997
Cell phone use behind the wheel shortens brain activity with driving. Typing text messages shortens a driver's ability to direct attention to the road, and react to traffic situations. People shouldn't fully depend on cell phones while they are in their cars because they are not reliable.
Evidence
Evidence 3
288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334
3F9644F1A9EF
1,622,811,808,814
1,998
2,135
Therefore, nowadays cell phones are unnecessary devices in your vehicle because you should give your full attention to what's around you.
Claim
Claim 3
335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355
3F9644F1A9EF
1,622,811,826,160
2,136
2,298
It's safer to use a hands free device so you won't have to reach for your phone, or connect a watch to your phone so all your texts and calls would come through.
Evidence
Evidence 4
356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388
3F9644F1A9EF
1,622,811,848,751
2,299
2,532
In conclusion, if people don't give up cell-phones the number of road fatalities will continue to increase. It is our responsibility to not incur other people's live because of one mistake that could impact someone else greatly.
Concluding Statement
Concluding Statement 1
389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,723,339
0
303
The debate over whether or not drivers should be allowed to use their cellphones while behind the wheel has been a very popular topic throughout recent years. With factual evidence to support both claims, people seem to be pretty evenly split when it comes to which side of the debate that they support.
Lead
Lead 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,734,865
303
426
I personally believe that when driving, drivers should NOT be allowed to use their cellphones in any way, shape, or form.
Position
Position 1
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,749,938
426
544
Driving while distracted by you cellphone is too dangerous and causes too many injuries and casualties to be allowed.
Evidence
Evidence 1
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,786,262
545
781
First of all, when you are driving and you have to perform all of your tasks for the phone manually, you are creating a distraction for yourself. This takes your attention away from the road and increases your chance of causing a wreck
Claim
Claim 1
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,801,895
782
1,159
According to the NSC, there are 1.6 million crashes and 390,000 injuries each year caused by cell phone usage while driving. This means that 390,000 of people's "loved-ones" were injured in a crash caused by texting and driving. What if it was your "loved-one" that was about to become part of the statistic? What if it was you that was about to become part of the statistic?
Evidence
Evidence 2
136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,824,606
1,160
1,344
Now, you might be thinking "Some cars now have the ability to connect the phone to the speakers via bluetooth, which gives the ability to talk on the phone while not being in contact."
Counterclaim
Counterclaim 1
203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,851,766
1,345
1,636
If you were thinking this, you would be right. This does indeed reduce the risks caused by holding the phone and doing everything "hands-on." But, you are still going to be taking attention away from the road and putting it towards the phone when you give a command or you make a phone call.
Rebuttal
Rebuttal 1
237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,894,265
1,637
1,941
Also, not every car has this feature, therefore some people would get distracted trying to come up with a solution of how to talk on the phone without being in contact with the phone. What most people don't realize is that the solution is right in front of their faces- "Wait until you aren't driving."
Evidence
Evidence 3
291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,913,263
1,942
2,153
Luckily, governments are realizing the dangers of distracted driving, as 20 U.S. states and territories have passed "hands-free" laws, which are laws that prohibit being in contact with your phone while driving
Claim
Claim 2
346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,942,793
2,154
2,371
Even with this being in effect, there are still going to be people that will continue to text, make calls, and more while driving. There will still be injuries and deaths caused by distracted driving from cell phones
Evidence
Evidence 4
378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415
2CBF7077CE7B
1,623,078,957,760
2,372
2,535
This is why I am a firm believer that the usage of a cell phone should be completely prohibited in any shape, form, or fashion while driving. It can wait.
Concluding Statement
Concluding Statement 1
416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445
D709095146B0
1,622,915,680,992
20
113
Having phones while driving to some is safe, while others believe that it is may be dangerous
Lead
Lead 1
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
D709095146B0
1,622,915,598,928
114
255
It is helpful to have a phone while driving because many people may need it for mapping instructions or directions to get from point A to B
Claim
Claim 1
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
D709095146B0
1,622,915,614,787
256
358
It is also helpful because a lot of people may need their phone to communicate in case of emergencies.
Claim
Claim 2
47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
D709095146B0
1,622,915,709,000
359
470
However, it may prove to be dangerous to allow teenagers or young adults to have phones while they are driving
Position
Position 1
66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
D709095146B0
1,622,915,718,737
471
543
This is a controversial topic that has lead to country-wise conversation
Evidence
Evidence 1
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
D709095146B0
1,622,915,564,581
546
652
Having phones while driving can be extremely helpful for people who need assistance while they are driving
Claim
Claim 3
97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
D709095146B0
1,622,915,917,632
653
1,038
A large number of people need phone in order to use "Google Maps" or other forms of navigation. Especially people who are new to driving may depend heavily on the navigation systems. There are people out in the world who do not fully understand how the highways and other major speedways work. They will be forced to use the navigation systems to help them get to where they need to go
Evidence
Evidence 2
114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184
D709095146B0
1,622,915,937,212
1,052
1,163
this may pose a risk to people who are distracted easily. They may want to use their phones to do other things
Counterclaim
Counterclaim 1
187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208
D709095146B0
1,622,915,948,251
1,164
1,363
However, people still need to know where they are going. Being able to get where people need to go is better than being stranded or having to pay for "Ubers" or other forms of public transportation.
Rebuttal
Rebuttal 1
209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244
D709095146B0
1,622,915,625,400
1,364
1,451
Phones also may be helpful to those who need their phones for emergencies on the road.
Claim
Claim 4
245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260
D709095146B0
1,622,916,064,344
1,451
1,618
No one knows or expects bad things to happen; so, in the event that a bad thing does happen people need to be able to make important phone calls to emergency services.
Evidence
Evidence 3
261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292
D709095146B0
1,622,916,039,433
1,619
2,047
If someone in the car suddenly has a heart attack, are they supposed to just drive faster and hope they make it to the hospital in time? Whoever is driving may need to call the police. Even if something bad does not happen in the car but it happens outside of the car. What if someone drives past a fire or they see a suspicious object on the side of the road; are they supposed to just assume that someone else will see it too?
Counterclaim
Counterclaim 2
293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377
D709095146B0
1,622,916,052,418
2,048
2,141
Phones may be dangerous but they are a necessity, whether it is on the road or in a vehicle.
Rebuttal
Rebuttal 2
378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396
D709095146B0
1,622,915,773,887
2,142
2,293
While having phones while driving may be helpful to those who need GPS services, it may also prove to be dangerous to teenagers who are new to driving
Claim
Claim 5
397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424
D709095146B0
1,622,915,813,569
2,294
2,958
Teenagers of this generation have a habit of discovering new forms of technology; especially when it comes to social media. Students of high-school level or maybe even college may fall victim to the effects that driving while having a phone may provide. When a student is driving and using the GPS at the same time, the student may want to check notifications on a topic that they were interested in. Or they may try to text back a friend before they reach a stop light. Even if the student makes the choice to text at a red light, they may end up texting after the light is green while unaware of it. This may lead to a crash, especially if it is on a main road.
Evidence
Evidence 4
425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550
D709095146B0
1,622,915,839,180
2,959
3,379
Having a phone while driving is a topic that deserves further conversation and discussion. Some argue that phones are a very useful tool, especially if it is being used for GPS purposes. Some also say that phones are useful in case of emergencies. While another group suggests that phones should not be allowed for the simple fact that it is a distraction. This topic is still under discussion and no end is in sight.
Concluding Statement
Concluding Statement 1
551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,127,172
0
83
Should drivers be able to use cellphones in any capacity while operating a vehicle?
Lead
Lead 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
9664FB49D053
1,623,167,864,541
84
279
Although some drivers argue that cellphones have become vital to our everyday lives, using them while driving can result in distracting the drivers attention which increases road safety concerns.
Position
Position 1
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,107,533
280
377
Despite the fact that laws have been passed to restrict drivers from using phones while operating
Counterclaim
Counterclaim 1
43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,116,988
378
470
people still overlook them, and continue to put themselves and others at risk of accidents.
Rebuttal
Rebuttal 1
59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,139,540
471
536
Using a phone while operating a vehicle is extremely distracting.
Claim
Claim 1
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,162,444
537
901
Trust me I know from personal experiences of my own. One look away that you feel is just a second could end your life. Everyone has caught themselves at least once on the phone while driving. Studies have been shown drivers using cellphones always react slowly, and often make the wrong decisions. In other words cellphones decrease the performance of the driver.
Evidence
Evidence 1
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,171,988
902
979
The biggest argument against cellphones while driving is the security factor.
Claim
Claim 2
146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,269,508
980
1,302
Most people agree with the fact that during emergency situations cellphones can provide help. By making calls, getting weather and traffic information, reporting accidents, and even to locate their destinations. For this reason handsfree was invented to ensure that drivers do not have a phone in their hand while driving.
Evidence
Evidence 2
157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,248,076
1,303
1,367
Even though it might have seemed like a better idea at the time,
Counterclaim
Counterclaim 2
207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,256,221
1,368
1,456
studies have shown that even with a hands-free device it adds distraction to the driver.
Rebuttal
Rebuttal 2
220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,294,300
1,467
1,524
Lastly, let's talk about the laws and concerns they have
Claim
Claim 3
237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,312,180
1,525
1,735
Several states, and countries have enacted laws banning the use of cellphones while driving. Also some of the concerns lawmakers have against the matter is all the deaths that came from this particular issue.
Evidence
Evidence 3
248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,322,356
1,736
1,984
Approximately 660,000 drivers are attempting to use their phones while behind the wheel. Almost 390,000 injuries occur every year from accidents caused by texting while driving, and 1 out of 4 accidents in the US are caused by texting and driving.
Evidence
Evidence 4
282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322
9664FB49D053
1,622,774,339,348
1,985
2,328
Overall phone use in any way or form while operating a vehicle is very dangerous and can result in the death of innocent people. In order to ensure that people are following the rules there should be more done within the law. Therefore if you ever find yourself in a situation think about the way it could end before you continue to move on.
Concluding Statement
Concluding Statement 1
323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386
504FFF4C522D
1,623,104,785,996
20
108
Distracted drivers kill one in ten people everyday in the United States and injure 1500.
Lead
Lead 1
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
504FFF4C522D
1,623,104,768,235
109
199
Texting is one of the main distractions that cause these drives to kill and injure people.
Position
Position 1
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
504FFF4C522D
1,623,104,776,579
200
320
While texting you aren't focused on things that matter like the road and that causes these types of accidents to happen.
Claim
Claim 1
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
504FFF4C522D
1,623,104,781,542
321
520
People don't realize how serious this is, the driver might lose control of the car and their reaction time won't be fast enough. In 2011, accidents involving a distracted driver killed 3,331 people.
Evidence
Evidence 1
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
504FFF4C522D
1,623,104,703,415
521
576
Habits like texting and driving are important to break.
Claim
Claim 2
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
504FFF4C522D
1,623,104,709,587
577
1,016
An example of a simple solution to this problem is to simply turn off your phone, it will block out buzzers or vibrations that will tempt anyone to check their phone. Many states in the United States have already passed the no texting and driving law. People still believe that texting and driving is no big deal and have confidence they can text and drive simultaneously. However. Lots of teens spend 15% of their time not in their lane.
Evidence
Evidence 2
97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175
504FFF4C522D
1,623,104,790,485
1,017
1,522
With the advanced technology we have today, we should be using voice activated responses and apps to tell people when someone is driving and they'll get to them shortly. Preventing texting and driving can be a simple problem to overcome but very difficult. But if everyone works hard to make it happen we could be saving many lives everyday. If the situation is so important to put someone else's life in danger then why drive at all? Because in reality one text or call could wreck it all.
Concluding Statement
Concluding Statement 1
176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263
3A46013B0369
1,622,487,867,213
19
652
Today many people are using technology for many reasons but there is one piece of technology that has been used a lot more recently. The smartphone or mobile phone, many people think that it is not that dangerous but it is as dangerous as most things that can damage or hurt people just not as much. As it can hurt people in many ways the most severe way is to be in a car accident just by looking at a phone for even a second. Not only could that person hurt themself but whomever else is in the car or the person they have crashed into. If it is such a bad way to drive why don't people stop looking at their phones while driving?
Lead
Lead 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126
3A46013B0369
1,622,488,034,986
653
777
Well many people are worried about how their social status is doing and how their friend's day is rather than their safety.
Claim
Claim 1
127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148
3A46013B0369
1,622,488,041,349
777
1,127
So even if the majority of people were to stop there would always be that other percent who don't care. Although drivers should not they would still need their phones for GPS. Many states already have this situation classified as illegal but some states do not. Even if they were to turn the sound some people may not know where 1/2 miles to turn is.
Evidence
Evidence 1
149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213