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0.992349	once they have fully undergone their puppy or kitten vaccinations. The primary reason you should have your pet spayed or neutered early on is that female dogs and cats can begin their heat cycles as early as seven months and males can develop aggressive behaviors during puppyhood or kittenhood. Large breed dogs, in most cases, are recommended to wait until 12 months of age. Spaying and neutering your pets come with a myriad of health and behavioral benefits that allow them to live longer, happier lives. Some of the benefits of spaying and neutering your pets include: Elimination of Heat Cycles When a female dog or cat goes into heat, they can become highly uncomfortable, will seek attention and will likely attract attention from male dogs and cats in the area. Spaying eliminates heat cycles, making your pet more comfortable. Behavior For many pet owners, a major benefit of neutering their male cat or dog is that it reduces aggressive, destructive and territorial behaviors such as spraying, mounting and roaming. Overpopulation and Homelessness There are approximately 6.5 million dogs and cats in shelters, and about 1.5 million of these animals are euthanized each year. Making the decision to spay and neuter your pets prevents overpopulation in shelters, saving the lives of animals in shelters. Healthier Pets Pets that are “fixed” live longer than those who aren't. This finding could be related to pets’ strong urge to roam when they are not “fixed,” putting them at high risk of being hit by a car and getting in fights with other animals. What’s more, altering pets greatly reduces their risks of certain cancers and disease. For females, pyometra, a fatal uterine infection, and mammary cancer can be prevented with spaying. For males, neutering prevents enlargement and infection of the prostate gland, and is the curative treatment for testicular cancer.
0.994846	ata1515 is a student of ancient and modern European history. Join me over at the Roman Republic on Quora to ask questions. Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar was born in July, 100 BC, and is known throughout the world as the founder of the Roman Empire. Caesar was a cunning politician, strategist and superb general. Popular culture would have a person believe that Caesar was a brutal dictator that acted to create a tyrannical regime. Caesar is seen as the man who destroyed the Roman Republic and created the world's longest lasting empire. During the life of Caesar, or even his successor Caesar Augustus, there would have been no idea that the Republic was over. Julius Caesar was a military dictator, but his goal was to fix the problems of the Republic, not destroy it. Caesar sought to end the Civil Wars that plagued Rome during his lifetime. To do this he had to end the contest between the Populares and the Optimates. There was also a bit of selfishness to Caesar's goals. He wanted to rebuild his families fortunes and maintain his own honor. Pompey Magnus Populares Against the Optimates In the later Roman Republic there were two main ideologies that existed among the Senatorial class. The Populares believed that they could legislate, gain personal power, and rule by appealing to the masses. The Optimates on the other hand believed that power should come from the old families of Rome. Neither of these sides could be considered good, or better than the other as both sought to increase their own personal fortunes and personal power. These two ideologies were not like the political parties of today, but were rather two paths by which the Senators sought to achieve their own goals and the biggest players in the Roman world switched methods throughout their careers. Julius Caesar was a populare. Throughout his career he sought to use the people to get legislation done, and he was a proponent of the Tribunes, the people's voice in the Senate. His enemy, Pompey Magnus, began his career as a populare, but sided with the Optimates during the Civil War. The Senatorial Class Roman aristocrats were similar to any nobility throughout the ages. They wanted to achieve greater power than their predecessors, and they often did this at the expense of their fellow citizens. The main difference between the Roman nobility and later noble classes is that the Roman nobles wanted their enemies to survive. A Roman would seek to gain prestige over his fellows, but he still wanted his fellow nobles to have some measure of power. It was a contest to see who could get the most titles and in turn gain the most recognition in history. Caesar was no exception to this rule. Throughout the Civil War Caesar let his Senatorial enemies live. It was said that he wept at the sight of Pompey's head when he arrived in Egypt. This is because he wanted Pompey to live so that Caesar's glory would be enhanced through his achievements over Pompey. The Dictator Julius Caesar was no tyrant. He may have assumed dictatorial powers, but they were used to bring order in a desperate time. Caesar passed legislation that was not popular among the nobility, but it was necessary to allow the plebs to find work and land. When Caesar went to war in Gaul it was deemed illegal by the Senate and they sought to prosecute him. This was seen as an intentional slight to Caesar, so he could not honorably agree to disband his legions. To defend his name and that of his family he was forced to invade Italy. The privileges he sought had been granted to other members of the Senate when it suited them, but under Pompey the Senate turned against Caesar. Throughout the Civil War Caesar acted like a man who sought to end civil strife rather than prolong it. He prevented his armies from seizing the property of his enemies. When Caesar defeated Pompey's generals and armies he pardoned them and let them go. These are the actions of a man simply seeking to redress the wrongs done to him when the system failed him. Caesar's Assassination Legacy Caesar was assassinated by a group of Senators on March 15th, 44BC. His assassination brought an end to his reforms, and also to his merciful nature. Mark Antony and Octavian were not so merciful and they ruthlessly destroyed Caesar's enemies. Octavian used dictatorial powers to dominate the Senate and effectively ruled as one man. This is seen as the start of the empire to historians, but Romans at the time would have seen the Senate still operating and Octavian went to great lengths to give the appearance of the Republic still functioning. As a result of Octavian's actions the Republic died a quiet death, but some historians see Julius Caesar as the force behind the death of the Republic. Caesar sought to protect his family name, fix the changes to the Senate wrought by the Optimates, and to achieve a greater legacy for himself. This does not make Caesar a tyrant, simply a man living in his time and, for a while, succeeding. Questions & Answers Question: Was Julius Caesar a tyrant? Read More From Owlcation Fluoroantimonic Acid: The Strongest Acid in the World Badger Clark's "The Christmas Trail" E. A. Brininstool's "Christmas Week in Sagebrush" Answer: No, Caesar was not a tyrant by the dictionary definition. A tyrant is one who seized power illegally, and Caesar was given the title of "dictator" by the lawfully elected Senate. © 2012 ata1515 Comments ata1515 (author) from Buffalo, New York. on January 23, 2019: Hello Duck! That logic is entirely false. John Wilkes Booth thought Lincoln was a tyrant. He was there, so it must be true then, right? No, to assume that because the senate killed Caesar and the senators though Caesar was a tyrant, therefore Caesar was a tyrant because the senate killed him is circular logic. Only by assessing the actions of a character through the lens of their time period can there properly understood. Duck on January 23, 2019: So why did the Senate kill Caesar? Well, they were there and they saw Caesar as a tyrant. Nothing like trying to spin history. nathaniel on May 18, 2018: I didn't agree with him was a tyrant too he did lots of things for the hungry people of Rome colin powell from march on October 13, 2017: I agree that Caesar was no tyrant. I think it would be difficult to label him this way in the Roman Empire. There were many ruthless people. Some of them wanting to bring him to trial for his venture in Gaul. Unifiniti on June 23, 2013: I have to agree that Caesar is often misunderstood! Still, I don't understand why the senators would kill Caesar. 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0.999989	[cnn-photo-caption image= http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2008/images/11/06/art.palin07.gi.jpg caption="Spending on Palin's clothes, makeup and hair made headlines during the campaign."]WASHINGTON (CNN) - The Republican National Committee's total fashion bill for Sarah Palin's nine-week stint on the GOP presidential ticket is in: $180,000. That's $30,000 more than the RNC previously disclosed it had spent outfitting and styling the Alaska governor and her family, according to Politico and the RNC's latest filings with the Federal Elections Commission. The latest filing, which includes the final 3 weeks of the presidential race, shows the committee directed close to $55,000 to Palin's fashion stylist, New York-based Lisa Kline. The RNC also spent close to $24,000 in several high end stores, including Ann Taylor, Bloomingdales, Brooks Brothers, Neiman's, Nordstrom, Macy's, Saks, Target, and Victoria's Secret. The RNC has said all the clothes purchased will be donated to charity. Meanwhile, the McCain campaign paid a total of $110,000 on Palin's traveling hair and makeup stylists, according to the New York Times and the McCain campaign's latest FEC filing. News surfaced shortly before Election Day that Republicans had shelled out more than $150,00 on Palin and her family in clothing costs - a revelation that posed an unnecessary distraction for the struggling McCain campaign, and undercut Palin's hockey-mom credentials. Filed under: Sarah Palin soundoff (848 Responses) funny giving a 4,000 suit to charity, is hilarity December 5, 2008 08:33 pm at 8:33 pm \| Nimita Well Brian, Obama has to decide still what to do with the surplus money n they have an option open to donate it to charity or their democrat team which is in debt right now... Sarah palin is such a joke... thank god Mccain didn't win.. thank god! December 5, 2008 08:33 pm at 8:33 pm \| The Truth Who cares. She's a nobody. What's her name again? December 5, 2008 08:34 pm at 8:34 pm \| Dealt, Lisbon @Brian, As far as I've read Obama's suits wre paid by himself. And Biden's hair whoever paid for it isn't enough to rack up a too high bill. The question about Palin's dressing bill is more that it shows what the lady is like... startstruck, is a charitable word, maybe all the attention went to her head and brought out the adolescent in her out on a spree with dady's money. Very presidential... Actually it looks as if she ought to hang on to those clothes. CNN is forever bringing up the subject of Palin for 2012. It's sad (though I don't really mind) that Republicans can't come up with a more intelligent person. Even more sad that she doesn't seem to realize she has a lot of work ahead if she wants to mingle with bright, educated, grown-up people and come out alive. December 5, 2008 08:34 pm at 8:34 pm \| CHERYL IN FLORIDA I am so sick of hearing about this lame person. The republicans are liars and hypocrites! I am so glad they are gone. Might I suggest some birth control for her and her daughter. December 5, 2008 08:34 pm at 8:34 pm \| Pauline Fun Her $180K of spending spree shows how manipulative the Republican Party could be . Pulin does not have the wisdom to win the voters' heart. Adding the extra window-dressing stuff did not disguise her lack of experience and intelligence. I am so thrilled to have switched party in my vote or else this country will have to deal with such a marginal VP and perhaps an incompetent Commander-in-chief potentially. Pulin is in the same league as Bush and Quail. Same on her and the one who selected her. December 5, 2008 08:34 pm at 8:34 pm \| Anonymous Petty petty story! December 5, 2008 08:34 pm at 8:34 pm \| Eleanor Did you noticed she was still wearing those high end clothing, Charity My Foot!!!!!!!!!!!!!! and she is still on the band wagon with no regards to the fact that amount was spent on family and self. the next selected person last question should be " what is in your closet". That amount of money could have been spent on some thing more important than clothes, hair and make-up. all that let me know the hill-billies did not have anything to start with ( even underclothing) can the make-up and hair stuff be donated to charity or is sara palin consider "charity" December 5, 2008 08:34 pm at 8:34 pm \| Sezi Demirkilic` and... during these last weeks S. Palin walked around and kept saying that she was wearing her "OWN" clothes. I still cannot understand the support this woman continues to receive from the Republicans and how people still want her to run in the future for office. She has no morals, no brains, and no ethics. Obviously she was just out for herself and how good she looked. As governor of Alaska she could not have been making too low of a salary and could have worn her own clothes. Any other "Joe 6Pack and Hockey-Mom" would have... You betcha S. Palin couldn't though. It had to be the best for her or nothing else. I will always think of her as a fraud and will keep laughing when I hear Republicans defending her. December 5, 2008 08:34 pm at 8:34 pm \| al mead Why is the" First Dude" buying his underwear form Victoria's Secret? But then again, why not. It could come in handy during those long stopovers at Minneapolis airport. December 5, 2008 08:35 pm at 8:35 pm \| Ted I understand charity can sell most of the clothes, but what are going to do with the Victoria's Secrets.... December 5, 2008 08:35 pm at 8:35 pm \| bk53 Now that we know that she's well dressed, I'd like to know who's minding the store? Oil prices are falling and Alaska needs a governor who is working, not plane hopping and shopping. Get home and get to work. That's what you were elected for. December 5, 2008 08:35 pm at 8:35 pm \| Bob Sarah who? December 5, 2008 08:35 pm at 8:35 pm \| Dennis I'd like to see which charity. December 5, 2008 08:35 pm at 8:35 pm \| Enough about Palin It was reported she spent more...YOU BETCHA! NOW MOVE ON CNN!!!! December 5, 2008 08:35 pm at 8:35 pm \| Allen She needs to run for president in 2012 so she can get another $400,000 for clothes. December 5, 2008 08:36 pm at 8:36 pm \| CanIcallyouJoe So, what, she gets $90,000 for every IQ point? December 5, 2008 08:36 pm at 8:36 pm \| Julius Hello, you leftist zombies. I dont care if 25 MILLION DOLLARS WAS SPENT because it was ALL PRIVATE DONATIONS AND NOT TAXD0LLARS! It all came from private citizens and businesses you morons so it does not matter. The taxpayers were spared and did not pay a single, rusted penny on her clothes. Your hypocrisy wreaks as your breath, you can only state these pointless comments and NOT wonder where did $700 MILLION DOLLARS ORIGINATE for this NON-CITIZEN Obama who is awaiting to destroy this nation! Here is a REAL ISSUE and question.......WHEN WILL OBAMA PRODUCE A BIRTH CERTIFICATE AND STOP HIS DELAYS!?!?! McCain should be our president now and we would have a guy who would make us oil independent from the muslim nations, instill low taxes, operate business friendly, and NOT take my money and give it to some bum sitting at home refusing to work. December 5, 2008 08:37 pm at 8:37 pm \| irish TARGET??? HIGH END??? Not the Target I shop at. December 5, 2008 08:37 pm at 8:37 pm \| Eric in Texas Didn't the DNC spend money on THEIR folks too? December 5, 2008 08:38 pm at 8:38 pm \| Rooon With all that money spent on stylists and Victoria's Secret, she might want to reconsider her career path. There are other careers for beautiful women where people would LOVE to throw their Benjamins at...$$$ – both democrats and republicans... 🙂 December 5, 2008 08:38 pm at 8:38 pm \| informed voter Isn't she noble? That is 180,000 in charity 😉 Since when is "Target" a high end store? I shop there...how high end can it be? LOL Glad she lost...whew December 5, 2008 08:38 pm at 8:38 pm \| NJ Mom I hope people won't forget this come 2012 December 5, 2008 08:39 pm at 8:39 pm \| KN I really do not care about hearing about Palin any more and it is ridiculous to waste any time or energy talking about her in 2012. We need to get down to business and take care of our country, our families, and the economy. Palin is so starved for attention. We have elected a president and the people have voted. Enough already. Palin, go back to work and do something useful as governor. December 5, 2008 08:39 pm at 8:39 pm \| todd simmonds Doesn't matter who they are donated to. Money could have been spent on something else more productive. It's a shame. December 5, 2008 08:39 pm at 8:39 pm \| « Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Next » « Back to main « previous post next post » Follow this Blog: Twitter . From CNN Politics Transcript of Supreme Court oral arguments in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Analysis: John Roberts has a plan that would gut -- yet save -- Roe v. Wade. Can it work? December 2, 2021 06:59 am Symone Sanders to leave White House at end of year December 2, 2021 04:39 am Blinken warns Russia of 'severe consequences' if it invades Ukraine ahead of Lavrov meeting December 2, 2021 03:41 am Biden to extend transportation mask mandate through March December 2, 2021 03:29 am Harris condemns Russian test of anti-satellite weapon at Biden administration's first space council meeting December 2, 2021 03:06 am
0.9949	Let me back up for a second and explain. I love superhero movies. Marvel is by far my favorite cinematic universe. “Avengers: Infinity War” was on my Top 10 Best Films of the Year list. It pains me to say it, but “Avengers: Endgame” left me so disappointed in its (what I had hoped would be an exciting) conclusion. This sequel is a complete letdown. From the beginning, everything about this movie feels “off” in terms of tone and attitude. There’s an inordinate amount of moping and glassy-eyed staring into the camera. It’s great that the filmmakers choose to focus more on the human connections between the group, but the emotional character development turns this into a thinking person’s “Avengers” that stresses brains over brawns. Smart superhero movies are great, but I doubt this is the film’s target audience. Adult themes like remorse, heartbreak, crushing guilt, and making the tough decisions that can ruin your own family while saving others is something that may punch a 40 year old man in the gut but will leave his 8 year old slumped in his seat with his hands on his chin. I feel most of this movie will go over the heads of most kids. Hell, I’ll wager a bet that half the adults in the audience will be confused by the inconsistencies of the varied time travel explanations. You heard me. They’re the two most dreaded words in a blockbuster movie that’s written itself into a corner: time travel. Can’t figure out a solid ending? Go the cheap “let’s go back and rewrite history by transporting ourselves through the space / time continuum” route. The film plays with time in a way that is less fanboy fun and more lazy storytelling. It’s so similar to the “Star Trek” reboot and “Back to the Future” that it feels like a cop-out rather than a well thought out solution to the Thanos puzzle. Once again, fan theories that have peppered the internet in the last year prove to be more exciting and interesting than the actual movie. “Endgame” is entertaining enough, but not what I would call enjoyable. The story is at its best when it jumps around in time and we see how each of the remaining heroes deal with life after the snap, grappling with their colossal failure to save half of the universe. It’s humanity like this that makes us all aware that even superheroes are fallible, and it’s darker territory for what normally would be a lively springtime blockbuster. The snapped Avengers play very little role in the narrative and the remaining heroes aren’t robust nor charismatic enough to carry the movie (Hawkeye and Black Widow, I’m looking at you). There’s also zero sense of real danger, something that the film’s predecessor had going for it (but at least the menacing Thanos firmly clinches his throne as one of the very best screen villains in comic book movie history here). But what’s truly unforgivable is the decision to make an iconic character an absolute laughing stock and the butt of many jokes. His initial introduction in the film is mildly amusing, but increasingly feels more and more distasteful as it drags on. Most of the new Marvel clichés make an unwelcome appearance, including the continuous, borderline offensive pandering to women that kicked off in a spectacularly over-the-top fashion in “Captain Marvel.” We get it, House of Mouse: women can be superheroes too! There’s no need to include disingenuous all-female shots of your complete roster of lady characters when they are fighting among men. It’s time to buck up, really show them as equals, and refrain from treating them as a separate movie still that’ll look good on a poster touting the studio’s diversity initiatives come awards season. There are even more emotionally manipulative “hold for applause” (and “hold for tears”) moments accompanied by soaring music that are dripping with an obnoxious insincerity that quickly sours the whole experience. It’s not all bad, however. Alan Silvestri’s score is beautiful, and there are some clever plot points that are sure to bring delight (I especially enjoyed the way Ant-Man is brought back into the story). While the majority of the comic relief goes for passive, obvious jokes, there are some unexpected cameos guaranteed to bring smiles to faces. Also enjoyable is how several previous “Avengers” movies are incorporated into the story, providing Easter eggs that will deliver diehard fans the appropriate closure as the arc comes full circle. The brightest spot here is the cast, all giving performances from the heart. There’s not a dog in the bunch, and this is one of the very best acted MCU films to date. You can tell how important these roles are to the actors, so much so that they literally lend their personal signatures of approval to the closing credits. Much has been said about the 3 hour plus run time and yes, this movie feels long. There’s too much story exposition at the start, which kicks everything off with a sentimental whimper rather than the bang many will be expecting. The film follows a conventional storytelling timeline, and the couple of obvious, direct rip-offs of “Star Wars: The Force Awakens” did nothing but remind me of the far better movie. It’s as if J.J. Abrams set the new standard of what’s supposed to happen in a big budget studio movie, ensuring that any “surprises” no longer feel that way. What doesn’t work outweighs the good, making “Endgame” and its anticlimactic ending a real bummer. While this film is disappointing, I need to be fair: it’s something I feel is a direct result of “Infinity War” and its outstanding setup being so great. But even when taken as a standalone film, this sequel proves to be a letdown. Share this: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Like this: Like Loading... Related AvengersAvengers: Endgame Post navigation Previous Post: “The Dirt” Next Post: “Missing Link” 251 comments Comments navigation « Older Comments John Smith says: 25 Apr 2019 at 7:18 am “There are even more “hold for applause” (and “hold for tears”) moments accompanied by soaring music that are dripping with an obnoxious insincerity that quickly sours the whole experience.” Woman . . . you best not be talking about the scene where Cap wields Mjolnir. LikeLike Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 2:33 am Nah, mostly the end with the black suits. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Anonymous says: 25 Apr 2019 at 8:38 am I am happy to see I am not alone on this. Thank you for wording my issues with this movie. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 25 Apr 2019 at 9:48 am Thank you! LikeLike Reply Anonymous says: 27 Apr 2019 at 12:04 pm Seriously, literally all the things I nagged about are written here LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 27 Apr 2019 at 3:03 pm Thanks! Good to know others feel the same way. So bummed at how disappointing the movie is. LikeLiked by 1 person Anonymous says: 25 Apr 2019 at 11:00 am I haven’t seen the movie yet, but I felt the need to read the negative reviews because those are more honest these days. After seeing what happened to Alita and then in contrast saw Captain Marvel I’ve realized that the people who are paid to promote a movie can be quite biased. I also understand that it takes a lot of courage to go against the grain. Thank you very much for this review and I applaud your dedication to your fans. Thank you for being true to yourself and what you love. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 25 Apr 2019 at 4:11 pm Thank you so much for the kind comments, they mean the world to me. LikeLike Reply librini says: 25 Apr 2019 at 12:38 pm Time travel in this movie Is realistic, but It Is not realistic that captain America get old… LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Anonymous says: 26 Apr 2019 at 4:26 pm It is realistic that he got old. He didn’t come back through the time travel spot but decided to arrive in front of them over the view with the same spot and time that he originally went back in the 1970s. He lives out his life like a normal human being. BTW He’s not immortal…Not a fanboy, I just didn’t agree with half of that. LikeLike Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 4:32 pm Good point, thanks for commenting. LikeLike Anonymous says: 30 Apr 2019 at 1:17 am That doesn’t make sense since they don’t actually time travel. He didn’t go back into their own timeline so he couldn’t just wait for this very moment. Anyway this could be a long discussion since dimension and time travel are bullshit and have no actual rules. LikeLiked by 1 person Screen Zealots says: 30 Apr 2019 at 1:21 am Good point! LikeLike Naz (@_naz142) says: 25 Apr 2019 at 2:14 pm Fair argument. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Catherine says: 25 Apr 2019 at 9:01 pm Great review! I enjoyed reading your breakdown of the movie. I will be seeing it anyway, but I was interested to hear negative reviews on it as well. I also feel it’s been super hyped and I’m a little nervous hearing that a lot of fan theories were better than the reality. Ah well. I kind of expected it. Thanks for your honest and helpful review! 🙂 LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 12:29 am Hi Catherine! I hope others enjoy it more than I did. See it soon so you’ll avoid spoilers. LikeLike Reply Josué J. says: 25 Apr 2019 at 10:10 pm Not to mention all the deus-ex-machina that goes on the whole time. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 12:28 am Exactly! LikeLike Reply Steven Majewski says: 25 Apr 2019 at 10:42 pm SPOILERS AHEAD I fully agree with this review. I would give INFINITY WAR a solid B while I would give this one a D. The writing felt really, really lazy with the time travel and the first 15 minutes is two steps back from everything Infinity War set up. This felt like a bad episode of Dr Who. The survivors were incredibly dull (I enjoy Don Cheadle but this performance felt like a stop up to pick up a check, hell, probably a dozen actors here felt like they phoned their performances in) The stones being destroyed, Thanos picking fruit (Not sure why I was the only one laughing), Thanos, the big baddie who killed half, being treated like a punk, time travel, time travel silliness, forced and cheap emotional moments (Stark’s near miss in the first 15 minutes only to get another one at the end thats hard to even care about), the Iron Man stone moving gauntlet (I was seriously the only one wondering wth was this, it was never mentioned or hinted at before) The Cap hammer bit was cheap, and while I get it; he is worthy, it was pointless and pure fan service. Adam Warlock doesn’t even show up, which is a waste of an Thanos / Infinity Stone / Cosmic storyline. The five years later bit was silly, and had crowds confused. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 12:28 am Great comments, and I agree. I also laughed at the fruit picking scene, for what it’s worth. Thanks so much for taking the time to share your thoughts. LikeLike Reply Alek says: 26 Apr 2019 at 12:19 am The movie feed you dozens of ‘wait, what just happened’ moments that are meant to give fans fun nostalgia feelings, when in fact it’s smoke and mirrors to cover up the hundreds of mile-deep plot holes that make no sense. Basically, any rules that this universe held true to in previous movies, and even this one, are completely thrown out the door . . . everyone can do everything, and also nothing . . . and just for funzies they add a girl-power me-too moment. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 12:27 am Yep, completely agree with your assessment, Alek. LikeLike Reply GamingRock says: 26 Apr 2019 at 2:16 am I agree with you. Spoilers: Thanos needed a whole movie to collect the stones however, they were able to collect them very easily. I felt that they went back only to revisit the old movies before saying goodbye. They could have made collecting the stones more challenging. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 2:31 am Great point, thanks for sharing. LikeLike Reply Anonymous says: 26 Apr 2019 at 3:38 am You nailed it. Infinity War was so perfectly paced and made so much sense and now such a cheap and cheesy conclusion? I really hope this will be the exception and not the new Marvel standard. Up until now I loved all MCU movies. With Captain Marvel I started to have first little doubts, because she is soo powerful, and now this desaster. I tried to look up comic references. Cap at least hold the hammer for a short moment in Thor #390, but Thor was never fat like that. It is really unnecessary. The “being fat” joke in Infinity War makes sense, because Chris Pratt actually put on some weight, so they used that fact and tried a comedy angle. But with Thor? Chris Hemsworth is still in good shape and it serves absolutely no story purpose. It is just used for bad jokes. And time travel as you said is the worst option you can take to solve a problem. It is a shame, because they have proven that they can be so much better! I am a bit anxious about the next phase. At least they got James Gunn back and hopefully we get another Taika Waititi… LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 8:03 am Agree with everything you just said. Thanks for commenting! LikeLike Reply LSilver says: 26 Apr 2019 at 3:53 am You were absolutely right. There was basically one action sequence and that was at the end. The remaining two and a half hours could be called ‘an actors’ film’ in that they get to do what they love best which is emote while looking anguished. And all the critics are saying that the climax is the biggest and most exciting superhero battle ever filmed but, while technically proficient, the sequence felt perfunctory and generic like a video game cut-scene. And the audience i saw it with was grumbling and getting restless like they couldn’t understand why there was all this talking and talking and talking and no action. And after the big fight, it felt like the movie just kept going on and was taking forever to end. Apparently it’s too much to ask for a superhero film to just be fun these days. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 8:04 am That was a big issue with me too: I love dramas as much as anyone, but this doesn’t feel like a fun superhero movie. And at the end of the day, that’s what most of us want. I had a feeling audience / fan reactions would differ from critical reactions. Thank you for sharing your thoughts. LikeLike Reply Anonymous says: 26 Apr 2019 at 6:41 am you’re an idiot LikeLike Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 8:05 am Me or someone else? I’d love for you to expound on this. LikeLike Reply James Moss says: 26 Apr 2019 at 8:02 am My opinion of the movie 100% does not align with yours, but kudos to you for keeping comments open. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 8:06 am Thanks James! Would love to hear what you felt about the movie. LikeLike Reply Anonymous says: 26 Apr 2019 at 11:56 am This site really cheered me up after the letdown of the movie yesterday. On the bright side, as I crawled the internet for reviews that match my emotions, I found this site. That would definitely not have happened if Endgame had been a more worthy follow up to Infinity War 😉 I flipped through your TOP 10 lists and I got some new inspirations for future movies. THANKS! non native english speaker LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 4:14 pm Oh, thank you so much for the kind words. I know lots of fans are feeling the same disappointment I am. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Cam says: 26 Apr 2019 at 3:40 pm I think some of the fan service was absolutely needed. Hammer Cap and Avengers Assemble. The most disappointing for me was the lack of battles. Infinity war had the feels in it but didn’t have to stop progression to do so. The most disappointing for me was the lack of a Hulk redemption. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 4:14 pm Great comments! Thanks for sharing. LikeLike Reply Anonymous says: 26 Apr 2019 at 4:31 pm I’m ready for the fanboy hate. Sexist. LikeLike Reply Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 4:32 pm Fanboy is used as a generic term, much like mankind. But yeah, I can add in fangirl as well. Thanks for the suggestion. LikeLike Reply [email protected] says: 26 Apr 2019 at 10:58 pm Fanboy is often a (somewhat hurtful) term used by non-fans who “just don’t get it”. I appreciate the fact that you alluded to confusion about many of the plot points and references, but many of the moments that you write off as unwanted exposition, nostalgia, and fan service, are the payoff to a decade-long investment that many fans were actually awaiting. I agree that the movie is inferior to it’s predecessor, and probably doesn’t work as well as a stand-alone film, but that is obviously not the point for a culmination of 20+ interconnected endeavors. There was some over-the-top silliness, the action in the final act seemed a bit garbled and over-crowded, and some of the emotional moments felt quite obligatory and predictable (but never the less brought the feelings). I know you said you are trying to foster fanboy (fangirl) hate. I’m not sure why picking fights has become a staple for reviewers, but disparaging actual fans is becoming an all too common practice in reviews recently. It is my hope that there is a way to highlight this trend “to bash other’s opinions” as extremely negative, and counter-productive, without escalating into the hate for which you claimed to have steeled yourself? Endgame, IMHO, IS still a good movie! Is it perfect? Definitely not… it did a more-than-adequate job tying up a series of stories, that have been enjoyed by many people, tapping far into “mainstream” movie-goers, not just “fanboys”. LikeLike Screen Zealots says: 26 Apr 2019 at 11:21 pm Thank you for this. As a fan myself, I never considered the term to be hurtful, so I apologize. In no way was my review meant to disparage fans because, again, I am one myself. LikeLike uatxstagow says: 31 Aug 2020 at 3:51 am Muchas gracias. ?Como puedo iniciar sesion? LikeLike cazwujumkq says: 3 Jan 2021 at 4:16 pm Muchas gracias. ?Como puedo iniciar sesion? LikeLike Rupert Russell says: 27 Apr 2019 at 1:59 am I like to read the ‘bad’ reviews first and in hindsight this critic is spot on, thank you! I scanned through the comments yesterday, some interesting points, many from people who’ve not yet seen the film. I’d be curious to know what they think post viewing? Huge fan of some of the MCU offerings, lot’s that did nothing for me. Loved ‘Assemble’, dismissed ‘Age of Ultron’, blown away by ‘Infinity War’. ‘End Game’ was poor in comparison. I raised an eyebrow 2-3 times, laughed a few more but never sat forward in anticipation of any single moment, didn’t shed tear and yawned a few times. Lucky to have Game of Thrones to keep me distracted! LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 27 Apr 2019 at 6:13 am Thanks, Rupert! LikeLike Reply Anonymous says: 27 Apr 2019 at 3:38 am Ok. No doubt You didnt like enjoy the movie, becouse You didn’t watch it. The time travel in this flick doesn’t rewrite history. And the Avengers explained that TWO times in the movie. That’s why they only brought back snapped victimes. the explained everything abaout the rules of time travel that happens in the movie. TWICE. How can you not catch it. Recommend you wa Another thing is how can You not enjoy all famale shots when You’re a woman by yourself? Maybe you’re aware of power and importance of the girls in hollywood, bou the 90 % of population not. That’s why there must be scenes like this! The same goes with Russo cemeo when he tells about his date. LikeLike Reply Screen Zealots says: 27 Apr 2019 at 6:15 am I’m working on an article about all of the inconsistencies of the time travel aspect in the movie. There are many. The female “hold for applause” moment felt disingenuous and pandering, and I expect more — and fans should demand more — from studios. LikeLike Reply chimbrouer says: 27 Apr 2019 at 4:41 am @Rupert Russell says: “Lucky to have Game of Thrones to keep me distracted!” That was exactly my thought when I left the cinema: “Hopefully the climax at Winterfell on Sunday in episode 3 will redeem my faith and joy in fantasy films”. Fingers crossed LikeLiked by 1 person Reply chimbrouer says: 27 Apr 2019 at 9:30 am Regarding time travel: As I understand, the underlying idea is: Every time I go back in time, I create a new timeline (=branch) which is different from the timeline I am coming from. Now what the avengers did is: They created multiple new timelines and the interacted with these timelines. They stole the stones from these timelines. Is this responsible? Should they do this? What about the damage they do to these timelines. E.g. Loki freed himself in one of these timelines. How much damage may he do in that timeline. And the Avengers of our timeline are responsible for that damage! But they just don’t care. This is selfish behavior! Not “worthy” for an Avenger you may think… 😉 LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 27 Apr 2019 at 9:44 am Another good point! LikeLike Reply Dez says: 28 Apr 2019 at 12:59 pm That’s why Cap went back in time to return the stones to the exact point they were taken. This way there would be no branching timelines. This was explained very clearly by the ancient one before she gave up the time stone to Banner Hulk. It was a selfless task carried out by cap, and at the end of it he made one more time jump as a reward to himself. The bit that does not make sense is how cap – having branched off a new timeline from the 1940’s/50’s managed to appear back in the previous timeline in 2023 having waiting in real time until then. But then again who knows how time travel would really work? LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 28 Apr 2019 at 9:26 pm More very good points, and yeah, I caught the Cap explanation. But the time travel inconsistencies were enough to make my head spin! Thanks so much for commenting . LikeLike ppylngvadj says: 31 Aug 2020 at 5:14 am Muchas gracias. ?Como puedo iniciar sesion? LikeLike Reply chimbrouer says: 27 Apr 2019 at 9:35 am Also killing the whole army from Thanos is a questionable thing. These are also living beings. The avengers did something comparable to genocide or holocaust you may argue. It would have been enough to kill Thanos and move those other beeing back to their home planet. Even in WW2 they took prisoners and did not kill everybody from the opposition after winning a fight. Even Thanos only killed 50% of his “enemies” not 100% .. 😉 I know this is a bit of nitpicking for a fun blockbuster movie. Forgive me. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 27 Apr 2019 at 9:43 am What interesting points you bring up. I hadn’t thought of it this way, and thank you for sharing. LikeLike Reply chimbrouer says: 27 Apr 2019 at 9:45 am And what about the 5 years later scenario. 50% of the people vanished. Now we have about 7.5 billion people. 50% means about 3.75 billion people. That is the world population of 1971. Do you really think there would be no baseball games any more? A deserted stadium? Why? Life would go on, that is what humans are about. Sure they all will grief the loss of relatives and friends, but life will go on 5 years later. So the I do not believe in this deserted baseball stadium world. That is a 5-10% people scenario, not a 50% scenario. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 27 Apr 2019 at 9:57 am My husband said the same thing. The baseball scene really bothered him for the same reason. LikeLike Reply chimbrouer says: 27 Apr 2019 at 9:57 am Sorry, my mind can’t stop 😉 The scene when Black Widow and Hawkeye both want to give their life. I can believe that Hawkeye is the most important being for Black Widow. But is Black Widow really the most important being in the world for Hawkeye? What about his kids? Or his wife, the mother of their children? Are these not the most important people in Hawkeyes life? Maybe not. Or they do not count, because at that moment they are dead/suspended? Or Black Widow is really more important to Hawkeye than his daughter. But I doubt that. In that scene I thought: It must be Hawkeye, because of the above reasoning. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Gala says: 27 Apr 2019 at 1:16 pm I couldn’t stay out of the convo lol Well at that moment HE didn’t had his family. All it was left was BW, part of the family in his book. Actually I kinda felt that will be BW cause there was no family legacy for her, not in a past nor in future. Plus once I heard there are rumors of BW standalone movie with past stories of hers – well kinda made sense. Not to mention HE would be Ronin for 1h 30m only if he was about to be sacrificed. Not to defend movie, that scene actually did made sense for me, but here are some that where not. And let me assure you those aren’t “Fan service” ones that I will address, but the ones that rubbed me the wrong way in a sense that I felt mocked, or like I am blind follower that will swallow anything ( in a way insulting me as a fan and my intelligence). Ok here we go. No order for this instance nor referencing time travel issues or so. Not even the obvious ones but the ones that I find important to me. The issue with returning stones to there timelines. Ok time stone will be given to Ancient one, others will be placed to suitcase and storage room etc. But how Cap managed to “return” Reality stone to Jane and, by far, something I was looking for to see: Soul stone! And to Red Scull! You know, Captains, in a way, reason for becoming what he is!? And how he actually managed to return it? Hypothetically, let’s say he managed to get to that reality moment before BW was counting meters of that cliff… how did he “give” back that stone? And how did he react seeing his archenemy? Hmmm… Next is actually holding stones with out orb, urn, cube, well any kind of protective object. I clearly remember when Ego told SL in GotG vol2 that “once he heard about Teran that was able to hold IS in hand, he knew that was his son”, or something along that line. The stone killed the room service girl at Collectors place, almost Peter as well, until all Guardians shared power, strenght, whatever with him. And he is partially Celestial! He said so, well not in that exact words, but he said to Tony “that 50% that is bad, that’s 100% you ( lol )” in End Game ( if you don’t recall GotG 1 & 2 ). Yet, our heroes where able to hold stones, multiple times, in there bare hands during time travel part. I am not even going to go to bringing Mjolnir to our reality, mostly cause I like that part ( lol! ) and as Chim said, because I can’t even imagine how that impacted that, past reality, however I have strong issue with battle scene with Mjolnir. That wasn’t the Cap scene, it was scene where Thanos was actually able to push Mjolnir towards Thor. Now, no one, except Vision was able to lift Mjolnir before, let alone stop it ( that Quicksilver scene from AoU ). Pushing also counts as Loki can confirm. So we can establish, that up to Past Mjolnir no one could control or cary Mjolnir nor push it well not by brutal FORCE! Now, all of the sudden Thanos is able to do so.. or is he valuable enough to do so? Which lead us to next… Thanos stamina… I mean this is something that entire theater had issue swallowing during movie. The fact that heroes had hard time with immobilizing him, even more then once he had gauntlet… it’s just wrong… And then was Gamora… that just … vanish! Was she wipe out by IM? If so – why? She fought on avengers side. We where even given scene with her and Peter and … nothing after. Like really nothing. We don’t know what happened. Did she return to past? Stayed in present? Killed? Survived? What happened to her! She wasnt on ship with the rest of the team. And I mean, she was first real casualty of Thanos, the one that shifted tone of Infinity War and put another layer on Thanos to his character… she deserves more than simple randevu with Peter and to be extra in battle so the others Heroes exit be more plausible… Thanos character was also no consistent comparing to Infinity but I had problem with Scarlet Witch the most! I know, I know, it sounds like I am nitpicking but honestly that really rubbed me the wrong way. The “you took everything away from me” was really powerful but kinda sounded like a lie knowing SW history. Everything was taken away from her in AoU ( she volunteered 4 experiments to avenge her killed family ), then she was taken freedom, credibility and half of the surrogate family during Civil war. Now with Vision, Thanos is guilty. I mean, he is, no doubt,but she switches priorities in every movie. Like, family that have her doesn’t matter. And that’s where my biggest concerns stand as well. The family… the part that was crucial to this movie, something that was emphasized so many times here… I mean really Cap? Not shield to Bucky? That’s the guy you cared so much! 2 movies actually! Beside Carter that was your next big person! And you just didn’t give anything to him, no explanation, nothing… Vacandanians did more for him then you at the end… and the 3-4 persons around Iron once he fall? Thor leaving his people? Dang… doing so much entire movie cause they own to others, for there family and in the end they are more disjointed then connected… I don’t even wanna start about Pegasus… Don’t get me wrong, I like epic moments, they are welcomed, but they are there just so they can be “given” and not because they are epic in true matter or because they are important for story or needed for narrative let alone logical or rational… Someone might say I look too much in to this and completely exaggerated 2 or 3 points in this list or that list isn’t important to the story or that this is superhero movie ( what did I expect duh ). Well excuse me, but I expected to be treated as a fan and customer and with respect that doesn’t indulge me on some silly way or stamps on my intellect. For something that’s closing 11 years and 22 movies, my time, emotions and money invested in it – well I should be treated with more. More for connection that was present during previous movies at least. All my questions are not out of resentment but because I care. Because I swallowed, eat and breath all those movies that actually tried to explain something, that showed investment with story complicity, Easter eggs, surprises, details in every aspect! I referenced every movie before that addressed some issue that’s totally out of the window in End Game, things that where ether emphasize or magnificently portrayed or repeated in previous installments. It just feel sloppy. It feels that it was made solely to be made because that was expected. I like movie cause it’s legacy and closure however it’s more homage then fulfillment. Which true fan doesn’t need, cause they will worship everything but with respect so walk throw the memory lane wasn’t for fans, they know almost every scene in every movie. What they needed was epic, coherent, brilliant closure. And we got only closure. Yes, thank gosh for GoT, cause that will keep me occupied from mourning a year of anticipation, my phone battery that screamed for every notification from trailer crackers on YT and movie news outlets, etc etc lol I am glad I watch it, I would kick my behind if I haven’t, I am glad I spend this 11 years with this story I am just not pleased with overall impression of End Game that felt short, weak, unchanging and butchered… Its and ok movie… but by my opinion not for ppl who look into the entire franchise with respect and seriousness… LikeLiked by 2 people Reply Screen Zealots says: 27 Apr 2019 at 3:02 pm Wow, thank you so much for taking the time to share this! I enjoyed reading it, and what great points you bring up. LikeLike Trunuyawkr says: 27 Apr 2019 at 3:38 pm Regarding your “Where’s Gamora?” Question: as Thor is walking into Peter’s ship (just before the “who’s in charge” argument) we see Quill doing a search for Gamora on the computer, which he quickly shuts down once he hears everyone coming. So, to me that means she’s alive and still in the new timeline; yet the fact that the computer can not find her means she is somewhere beyond distant, possibly with Nebula learning to be sisters again. LikeLiked by 1 person Screen Zealots says: 27 Apr 2019 at 8:05 pm Interesting! LikeLike Anonymous says: 28 Apr 2019 at 3:10 am Get a life LikeLike Screen Zealots says: 28 Apr 2019 at 8:19 am I’m living my best one now, thanks! LikeLike Anonymous says: 27 Apr 2019 at 12:08 pm Thanks for the review man. I’m glad I’m not the only one who noticed many annoying flaws. Still sad I didn’t enjoy the film though. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 27 Apr 2019 at 3:02 pm Yep, I’m so sad too. I wanted to love it so badly. LikeLike Reply Gala says: 27 Apr 2019 at 4:09 pm @Trunuyawkr Yeah saw that too but the thing is I believe she deserve to have clear stand. She was a tool for Gamora storyline as well Infinity war. It just seem odd that one moment you see her next you don’t. Especially with that Peter encounter. I know it’s not pivotal for End game but wasn’t necessary to cut her like that after bringing her to reality and setting her up as important tool for narrative. I know there is “imagination” factor, but even dusted char had ending scene. She was left out with no appears to reason and yet she was very important as cause and tool especially to leave her to our imagination… that’s the empty thing I find disturbing. I remember the dust that was stirred when Lady Sif was no where to be seen, but one can say “she wasn’t very important to story telling, maybe just for main char feelings and traits exploration, a proxy” but Gamora certainly is more then that just to be “invisible” and “untraceable” after all… For a very “clear” movie that’s a bit murky, probably not that important cause it will be explained in next installment but still a let down… LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Gala says: 27 Apr 2019 at 4:31 pm @ screen-zealots & Louisa Likewise. It’s my opinion thou, felt need to share because, just like you, was ready to love it right from first second, yet it was a long story full of circumlocutions. Still ok but as someone said before almost entire time was like deus ex machina. Part of loving something or someone is also pointing what it didn’t work and was wrong to make it even better. I know this might be bias grounded by personal preferences and gravity towards importance but balance, consistency and coherency should be priority not privilege to fans. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 27 Apr 2019 at 8:04 pm Great observation, thanks for commenting LikeLike Reply Anonymous says: 28 Apr 2019 at 3:23 am I dont think these movies can be judged as movies but parts of a very long very expensive tv season with 22 episodes. None of these films have any gravity without that personal investment . Christopher Nolan made s super hero trilogy of movies that stood out independently and required very little if any knowlege of what went before. I can only hope that now the mediocre season finale is finished that we get some stronger individual films next tume around LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 28 Apr 2019 at 8:19 am Absolutely took the words right out of my mouth. LikeLike Reply Ondray says: 28 Apr 2019 at 6:39 am Hi, while your review doesn’t seem that negative, you only rated the movie 2/5. I would like to show my view on this. Warning: My comment contains movie spoilers (and also bad english). 1) “Go the cheap “let’s go back and rewrite history by transporting ourselves through the space / time continuum” route.” Well thank god time travel doesn’t work like that here. They had to do it different way, because you can’t change the original future by affecting the past – you are visiting an alternate timeline by going to the past. The elements beyond this are the infinity stones and they have to be brought back to the same moment when they were taken. They don’t have to, but it’s selfish to doom the other timelines, isn’t it? All the past MCU movies led to quantum realm travelling (starting with Ant-man, that’s why he was introduced). Each movie plays a part in this big story and everything was explained before. Only Hulk added one line to this and even compared it to other movies, where it works differently than in their universe. 2) Thor While I’m not a fan of this big superhero change, they HAD to do it. Why? Because at the end of Infinity War we all know what happened. Fully powered Thanos with all 6 infinity stones got very nearly killed by Thor who just threw his Stormbreaker at him. He only aimed at the wrong spot with his weapon. Thor obviously feels guilty for his mistake… the Avengers would have won. Instead half of the universe turned to dust. Not half of humanity or the Earth, but half of the whole UNIVERSE. Just because he wanted to let Thanos know that he’s about to get killed, but not delivering the final killing blow. There was no real danger on new Asgard or the Earth now, so Thor just goes with his new lifestyle (he always loved beer anyway). 5 years later he kind of moved on, but still froze and felt guilty when Hulk said the name Thanos. He doesn’t believe in himself anymore (he later has to check if he’s still worthy of Mjolnir), he gets fat, lazy. But he still feels anger towards Thanos and joins the fight anyway, but he is not in shape and form anymore to do much. If he was, he would have just killed Thanos easily, like he almost did in Infinity War. They couldn’t just make Thor disappear from the movie, they had to “nerf” him. 😀 3) The women power scene Oh yes, very unnecessary, but I heard some cheering in my movie theatre. I guess someone liked it, but it felt very forced (characters landing out of nowhere, all suddenly at the same side of the battlefield, without any communication?). There is no “all men” scene, you know what I’m saying. 4) Movie length I don’t think the movie was long at all. Actually I think so many important scenes were missing. We didn’t see anything about the New Asgard, it just appeared, fully built. They skipped Captain Marvel’s arrival in the beginning (Cap Marvel post credits scene was enough I guess?). No Hulk-Banner transformation. Nothing about Cap returning the stones! (This opens up a ton of questions: How did he return soul stone or aether? Did he jump back to the time where the other Cap was frozen, that’s why he could stay with Peggy? And when the other one “unfroze” did he jump back to present? Did he visit Wakanda to get the new shield?). In my opinion there weren’t any unnecessary scenes except the “funny” ones (but it’s Marvel after all). 5) Time jump I know this isn’t really your point, but some people in this comment section seem to dislike it. The 5 year time jump was necessary, because it took 5 years until the rat stepped on the button in the quantum van. 😀 Funny to think the entire universe relied on a rat. As a standalone movie it really wasn’t that great. But imo this was the perfect end for the Avengers. Thanks if you went through my super long comment and I’m sorry for my not-perfect english. 😀 LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 28 Apr 2019 at 8:18 am This is an amazing analysis, and thank you for taking the time to share it. I understand your comments about Thor, but I still think going that route in the film was unnecessary. LikeLike Reply Alex Heinlein says: 28 Apr 2019 at 8:02 pm In the end, they made a LOT of fans happy and themselves more money than you’ll ever see. Thankfully you don’t speak for the fans who happily gave them money more than once this weekend to see such a “lackluster” movie. That’s why you write about movies instead of create them. Get lost. LikeLike Reply Screen Zealots says: 28 Apr 2019 at 9:25 pm And I’m thrilled for the fans who were happy with the film, I’m just not one of them. No need to be rude. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply chimbrouer says: 29 Apr 2019 at 6:39 am Maybe another thing to think about: Normally there seem to be three things necessary to do a timetravel: 1. a special Quantum Realm Nano Suit, 2. a special Quantum GPS device 3. the time machine itself. Thanos and all his minions in the armee and the space ship itself were missing at least 1. (the suit) and 2. (the GPS device). So how was Nebula able to pull that stunt? Yeah, I know we are a bit too analytical here, but why not 😉 LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 29 Apr 2019 at 11:15 am I just loved how quickly Stark discovered a time travel solution. I laughed out loud! Thanks for sharing your observations. LikeLike Reply Tim says: 29 Apr 2019 at 11:40 am You have a point about the suit, and I hadn’t thought about that. In order for the Pym particles to work, the suit would’ve been a necessity. However, I didn’t have an issue with them traveling in time to the right point – bad Nebula had the time GPS unit she took from good Nebula. Traveling back to their time would’ve been unnecessary anyway, since Thanos’ plan was to get the gauntlet with the stones, and he could have done pretty much anything he wanted to, so I wasn’t concerned about his return trip. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply rAdishhorse says: 29 Apr 2019 at 6:32 pm Thanos and and his army don’t have Pym particles to begin with. Only bad Nebula has and she also didn’t have the suit. How were they able to shrink that ship? Remember how Rocket gave the Benatar to Natasha (or was it Clint)? It was like a small bird origami. One possible answer is that Thanos ordered his minions to replicate Pym particle. Or Nebula just rig the time travel machine which Tony Stark created. In fairness, it was implied that Tony has been working on a time travel machine for quite some time before he figured it out. Yeah, Nebula actually becomes a genius that she actually rigged a.k.a. removed all the plot contrivances Tony programmed into his Quantum machine to be able to bring Thanos back to the future. But I have a much better answer: All of the above—that’s just lazy writing! LikeLiked by 1 person Screen Zealots says: 30 Apr 2019 at 1:23 am The inconsistency in the time narrative within the movie makes my head spin. LikeLike Yup I said it says: 29 Apr 2019 at 8:36 am https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/apr/26/avengers-endgame-critics-film Lady said it all… for all those “argumentative flock that thinks of them self as a part of something grande”! I guess they still think earth is round cause “minority” thought ( and had proof ) that’s not the case… and since you, me, guy over there is minority – we must be wrong, right? If anyone said anything but great and brilliant and specifically explained why he/she meant that: I would agree… but all I hear is “great movie cause it ends great”… well then Infinity war should have been a bit longer so we don’t be disturbed by brain gymnastic that was utterly pointless for 3h… All those cameos, empty story telling and inconsistencies comparing to fact previously given in past MCU movies and yet it’s for fans? Ummm no… well at least not for one that hadn’t have complete lobotomy or amnesia… And everything I see from those type of fans is “idiot”, “go do this or that to yourself” or “you don’t get it”… very argumentative… just say you like it cause it’s Marvel not cause quality. Oh yes, and the guy who “happily gave money again to see it” … dude, viagra works much better and it’s kinda cheaper, but I get it you desperately need sex and life cause you kinda spend it on filling Disney’s ppls pools and private jets. But hey if it works for you… awesome 😎 P.S. Luisa if you ever get desire ( never stated anywhere ) to make superhero flick, give me a buzz! Cause we can send Tony’s daughter in past, she won’t influence time flux cause never been born back then, and she can retrieve stones, ha! Or we can make decent movie lol LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 29 Apr 2019 at 11:15 am Thanks so much for taking the time to share this! LikeLike Reply joel watches movies says: 29 Apr 2019 at 11:12 am Good review! I thoroughly enjoyed myself throughout the film and generally thought it was great, but you make a lot of fair points, and I can definitely agree that the time travel plot device is done pretty badly- I had no clue how any of it was really working. Definitely felt a little lazy, though it did provide some cool moments in those flashbacks to previous movies. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 29 Apr 2019 at 11:16 am I did enjoy the flashback and tie-ins to previous movies. That was a lot of fun, especially for fans! LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Tim says: 29 Apr 2019 at 11:35 am Before I start, there are a few minor spoilers here, but nothing that would ruin the movie for anybody. But be warned in case you haven’t see it yet. I do mention some things that happen – or don’t happen – in the movie. I’ve now seen this movie three times, with this coming Thursday making it four viewings. You could not BE more wrong about this movie – it’s fantastic! I’m not sure what your distaste about time travel is, but the way they use it here is very satisfying, and actually makes sense. Every time travel movie will make their own twists as to how actions in the past change, or don’t change, the future. They explain how it works here, and it makes sense. The earlier parts of the movie are solemn, no doubt, but what about that should be any kind of surprise, considering half of all live – in the freaking UNIVERSE – has been wiped out. Of course it’s going to be forlorn and devastating for the survivors. I like that they gave time to process all of this for the viewers, rather than blazing ahead with a myriad of action scenes that cheapen the emotional havoc the world has gone through. Is the movie perfect? Nope. I have yet to see a perfect movie. But it’s a more than satisfying conclusion to the 21 movies that came before it. Technically, I guess the next Spider-Man movie is actually the conclusion of this latest phase of the MCU, but this is clearly the one that wraps up the most plot points. One thing I didn’t care for was something you mentioned – the heavy-handed nod to the female heroes. It was an unneeded, gratuitous moment that actually did make me grimace. Let the female heroes shine seamlessly in the movie – we don’t need a spotlight shone on them saying “this is the moment we want to announce “Me too!” I didn’t care for it, but it didn’t take anything away form the movie as a whole. Not for me. Also, I wan’t satisfied that the Hulk didn’t get his revenge on Thanos – sure, he had a MAJOR part in figuring out how to get things done, but he never got to lay a beat down on Thanos, and that’s a shame. I know he wasn’t 100% when the big fight came along, but they still could have given him a chance to get a huge haymaker in. In the end, any minor issues I may have had had VERY little impact on my enjoyment of this movie. I’m fully satisfied with it. Based on things I’ve heard, a large majority of people were. It’s a shame some people can’t get past some small issues, or feel they need to be a stubborn voice of non-conformity. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 29 Apr 2019 at 11:38 am I hope you don’t think I’m a “stubborn voice” because that was not my intention, but I was just so let down by this movie. And with many of these movies so intent on “talking down” to women, I’m quite sensitive to those types of scenes. I’m so glad it worked for you, though, and I appreciate you taking the time to comment. LikeLike Reply chimbrouer says: 29 Apr 2019 at 12:28 pm I think a main reason why this thread is so long is that almost all other reviews are 5 stars with no critique at all. So this is one of the very few places in the internet that points out some flaws and some disappointment, and still almost everyone states that they still love the MCU as a whole. LikeLiked by 1 person Screen Zealots says: 30 Apr 2019 at 1:21 am Absolutely! Still love the MCU but as a fan, I was also disappointed. I didn’t expect to be. I’m enjoying the lively discussion too. LikeLike chimbrouer says: 30 Apr 2019 at 1:54 am LOL, after seeing the GoT “The Long Night” yesterday, I solemnly declare that the script for Avengers is top notch and all my criticism was unfounded. Wow, what a week and soo much money unwisely spent by the supposedly best in the industry. At least 2019 had already had the Umbrelle Academy and maybe, maybe Stranger Things manages to produce another good season. LikeLike Reply Screen Zealots says: 30 Apr 2019 at 9:41 am There’s so much great entertainment nowadays, that’s for sure. LikeLike Reply Janon says: 30 Apr 2019 at 5:35 pm I don’t think this review is very fair. As with many movies, after the initial viewing is over and you sit back and think, yes you can find problems. The Last Jedi, for example, is a disaster that has destroyed Star Wars. The Force Awakens, although better, is an unoriginal fiasco – I really can’t believe you think it was better than Endgame. So yes, Endgame has problems, but overall it was still a great and entertaining movie. That being said, there are problems. The biggest I have is that even though the movie should be 3 hours long, the scenes that needed more time were rushed, and the scenes that needed less time dragged out. For example, gathering the stones just seemed too easy. The Time Travel needed more explanation. Why not say that a new timeline is only created when a truly significant event occurs? Why not have Thanos send some minions back in time to stop the collecting. The idea was workable, but it seemed forced without more ‘science’ behind it. It’s not that there were time travel plot holes, it was that there was no attempt to fill them when there could have been. I agree with some of your fanboy issues but not most. Worthy Cap was the best part of the movie, and old Cap was a great character arc conclusion. We didn’t get Game Of Thrones deaths, but we got enough to make it real. Yeah, Women Assemble was bad, and Fat Thor was a little overdone, but overall, still a great movie. And unlike The Last Jedi – another critically loved movie – it didn’t not destroy the Marvel Universe like they destroyed Star Wars. I give it a solid A minus. LikeLike Reply Screen Zealots says: 30 Apr 2019 at 11:18 pm Awesome observations, thanks for sharing. LikeLike Reply 18cinemalane says: 2 May 2019 at 2:33 pm Good review! I can definitely understand why you didn’t like this film. However, I thought it was a great movie! Yes, this wasn’t a perfect or near perfect film. But, I liked it for what it was. I also wrote a spoiler-free review of Avengers: Endgame, with a spoiler review coming on my blog this weekend. Here’s the link if you want to check it out: https://18cinemalane.wordpress.com/2019/04/27/take-3-avengers-endgame-spoiler-free-review/ LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Screen Zealots says: 4 May 2019 at 9:46 am Thanks! Spoiler-free reviews are so difficult to write. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply 18cinemalane says: 4 May 2019 at 10:43 am Anytime I write a review for current, theatrically released films (which is not often), I always set aside time to write a spoiler and spoiler-free review. The spoiler review is used to clarify things that I was unable to explain in the spoiler-free review. That way, both reviews are treated as companion pieces. LikeLiked by 1 person Keith says: 6 May 2019 at 11:36 am Fine review. A couple things hit home with me. I too am troubled by how they interpret Thor but also Hulk. Like you I laughed when we first saw him. But then they bounce back and forth between wanting him to be sympathetic and using him as a walking punchline. And Hulk is so underserved. And I get what you’re saying about time travel. I can be a quick and easy cop-out. I thought they used it pretty well here. I don’t put much into the explanations since it is such an absurd concept to begin with. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Pingback: Epic Endgame Review – K at the Movies terriblety says: 9 May 2019 at 8:58 pm Hmmm… Now that I think about it, I feel I should mention I really didn’t care about the time travel confusion either way. Y’see, in kingdom hearts, the plot tends to get ridiculously gimmicky and painful. But I don’t mind that because the goal was never to make scientifically accurate no plot hole… plot. It was to allow the writer to explore concepts that couldn’t have been explored otherwise. I get the same feeling from endgame. The purpose of the time travel was to allow us to take a stroll through memory lane. And it did work… Sometimes. I agree with the rest of your review, for the most part. Just mentioning it. Still can’t get over why they never did any cool high concept stuff with the infinity stones. I hope there’ll be some kind of prequel or sequel that really explores the ramifications of stones that can control reality, time, and so on. Catapults getting launched at spaceships. Eldritch horrors bleeding into reality from the terrified dreams of children. It would be split in so many directions it wouldn’t be funny, but the idea fascinates me. LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Pingback: Avengers: Endgame is Completely Overrated – Movie Review – TerribleTy Darren Johnson says: 24 May 2019 at 9:20 pm Interesting to read a negative review of the movie. I actually have opposite opinions of you on “Endgame” and “Infinity War. ” I do agree that the time travel narrative is clumsy at best, but it does provide some exceptionally rewarding moments that emotionally deliver. I’d encourage you to read my “Endgame” review here: http://djscreens.wordpress.com/2019/05/19/avengers-endgame/ LikeLiked by 1 person Reply Pingback: The Large Association of Movie Blogs \| Director’s Chair: Anthony and Joe Russo Kenechukwu Aniagboso says: 22 Jul 2020 at 3:47 am Well, i wholeheartedly disagree with your review and would even argue that Avengers Infifnity War was not as good as your review puts it. But well on the flip side, Avengers Endgame has an 8.4IMDb rating, 94%RT score, 78% Metacritic score and an A+ Cinemascore so from all these we can conclude that the movie was critically successful (and you are in the minority that saw this movie as rotten/bad). I think you should give the entire MCU an attentive rewatch including this movie but hey that’s your entitled opinion even though i think that your opinion is flawed. Also, I recommend that you get a hold of this (if you are interested): LikeLike Reply Screen Zealots says: 3 Aug 2020 at 10:22 am Thanks for your comment! I know many people love “Endgame,” but I thought it was one of the worst “Avengers” movies in the series. LikeLike Reply dieoqbaugk says: 31 Aug 2020 at 2:35 am Muchas gracias. ?Como puedo iniciar sesion? LikeLike Reply hcsbhltodf says: 31 Aug 2020 at 3:07 am Muchas gracias. ?Como puedo iniciar sesion? LikeLike Reply rfxfuqxgqt says: 31 Aug 2020 at 9:35 am Muchas gracias. ?Como puedo iniciar sesion? LikeLike Reply Pingback: The Large Association of Movie Blogs \| Acting School 101 – February 2021 – Josh Brolin Comments navigation « Older Comments Leave a Reply Cancel reply Enter your comment here... Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Email (required) (Address never made public) Name (required) Website You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Google account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Twitter account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Facebook account. ( Log Out / Change ) Cancel Connecting to %s Notify me of new comments via email. Notify me of new posts via email. Δ Let’s Be Friends Facebook Instagram Twitter Pinterest LATEST REVIEWS “C’mon C’mon” “Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City” “Ghostbusters: Afterlife” “Clifford the Big Red Dog” “King Richard” “Finch” “Spencer” “Red Notice” “The Guilty” “The French Dispatch” “Last Night in Soho” “The Last Duel” “Muppets Haunted Mansion” “Eternals” SUBSCRIBE Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. 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0.999996	Data from: Changing light conditions in pine rockland habitats affect the intensity and outcome of ant–plant interactions Ian M. Jones, Suzanne Koptur, Hilma R. Gallegos, Joseph P. Tardanico, Patricia A. Trainer & Jorge Peña Dataset published 2016 via Dryad Extrafloral nectar (EFN) mediates food-for-protection mutualisms between plants and ants. Such mutualisms exist within a complex web of biotic interactions, and in a framework provided by the abiotic environment. Both biotic and abiotic factors, therefore, affect the outcome of ant–plant interactions. We conducted an experiment to determine the effects of ant activity, and light intensity, on herbivory rates, growth, and reproductive fitness in Senna mexicana var. chapmanii, a perennial legume native to pine rockland habitats... 1 citation 39 views 3 downloads https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.p52kg Cite 1 Citation 39 Views 3 Downloads 1 citation reported since publication in 2016. 39 views reported since publication in 2016. These counts follow the COUNTER Code of Practice, meaning that Internet robots and repeats within a certain time frame are excluded. What does this mean? 3 downloads reported since publication in 2016. These counts follow the COUNTER Code of Practice, meaning that Internet robots and repeats within a certain time frame are excluded.
0.999999	As the coronavirus pandemic forces people to keep their distance, could this be robots‘ time to shine? A group of scientists think so, and they’re calling for robots to do the “dull, dirty, and dangerous jobs” of infectious disease management. Social distancing has emerged as one of the most effective strategies for slowing the spread of COVID-19, but it’s also bringing many jobs to a standstill and severely restricting our daily lives. And unfortunately, the one group that can’t rely on its protective benefits are the medical and emergency services workers we’re relying on to save us. Robots could be a solution, according to the editorial board of Science Robotics, by helping replace humans in a host of critical tasks, from disinfecting hospitals to collecting patient samples and automating lab tests. According to the authors, the key areas where robots could help are clinical care, logistics, and reconnaissance, which refers to tasks like identifying the infected or making sure people comply with quarantines or social distancing requirements. Outside of the medical sphere, robots could also help keep the economy and infrastructure going by standing in for humans in factories or vital utilities like waste management or power plants. When it comes to clinical care, robots can play important roles in disease prevention, diagnosis and screening, and patient care, the researchers say. Robots have already been widely deployed to disinfect hospitals and other public spaces either using UV light that kills bugs or by repurposing agricultural robots and drones to spray disinfectant, reducing the exposure of cleaning staff to potentially contaminated surfaces. They are also being used to carry out crucial deliveries of food and medication without exposing humans. But they could also play an important role in tracking the disease, say the researchers. Thermal cameras combined with image recognition algorithms are already being used to detect potential cases at places like airports, but incorporating them into mobile robots or drones could greatly expand the coverage of screening programs. A more complex challenge—but one that could significantly reduce medical workers’ exposure to the virus—would be to design robots that could automate the collection of nasal swabs used to test for COVID-19. Similarly automated blood collection for tests could be of significant help, and researchers are already investigating using ultrasound to help robots locate veins to draw blood from. Convincing people it’s safe to let a robot stick a swab up their nose or jab a needle in their arm might be a hard sell right now, but a potentially more realistic scenario would be to get robots to carry out laboratory tests on collected samples to reduce exposure to lab technicians. Commercial laboratory automation systems already exist, so this might be a more achievable near-term goal. Not all solutions need to be automated, though. While autonomous systems will be helpful for reducing the workload of stretched health workers, remote systems can still provide useful distancing. Remote control robotics systems are already becoming increasingly common in the delicate business of surgery, so it would be entirely feasible to create remote systems to carry out more prosaic medical tasks. Such systems would make it possible for experts to contribute remotely in many different places without having to travel. And robotic systems could combine medical tasks like patient monitoring with equally important social interaction for people who may have been shut off from human contact. In a teleconference last week Guang-Zhong Yang, a medical roboticist from Carnegie Mellon University and founding editor of Science Robotics, highlighted the importance of including both doctors and patients in the design of these robots to ensure they are safe and effective, but also to make sure people trust them to observe social protocols and not invade their privacy. But Yang also stressed the importance of putting the pieces in place to enable the rapid development and deployment of solutions. During the 2015 Ebola outbreak, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Science Foundation organized workshops to identify where robotics could help deal with epidemics. But once the threat receded, attention shifted elsewhere, and by the time the next pandemic came around little progress had been made on potential solutions. The result is that it’s unclear how much help robots will really be able to provide to the COVID-19 response. That means it’s crucial to invest in a sustained research effort into this field, say the paper’s authors, with more funding and multidisciplinary research partnerships between government agencies and industry so that next time around we will be prepared. “These events are rare and then it’s just that people start to direct their efforts to other applications,” said Yang. “So I think this time we really need to nail it, because without a sustained approach to this history will repeat itself and robots won’t be ready.” Image Credit: ABB’s YuMi collaborative robot. Image courtesy of ABB TAGS Robotics Edd Gent I am a freelance science and technology writer based in Bangalore, India. My main areas of interest are engineering, computing and biology, with a particular focus on the intersections between the three. Learn More Follow Edd: Latest Virtual Land in the Metaverse Is Selling for Millions of Dollars Decades-Old ‘Water Pill’ Opens New Avenues for Alzheimer’s Treatment Scientists 3D-Print Programmable Living Structures With New Microbial Ink RELATED This Bipedal Drone Robot Can Walk, Fly, Skateboard, and Slackline Watch Boston Dynamics’ Atlas Robot Crush a New Parkour Course This Robot Taught Itself to Run, Then Proceeded to Knock Out a 5K Don't miss a trend. Get Hub delivered to your inbox Japan Sets New Record for Internet Speed at 319 Terabits per Second Singularity Hub About Creative Commons Pitch Us Contact Us Terms of Use Privacy Policy Singularity Group About Experts Membership Careers Programs Community Get the latest news from Singularity Hub! 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0.999997	Facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience and education; the theoretical or practical Understanding of a subject. Context A significant number of philosophers have convinced themselves that there is no way that a computer could ever be said to have human Knowledge of any subject. Alan Turing: The "standard interpretation" of the Turing Test, in which player C, the interrogator, is given the task of trying to determine which of two players: A or B on the other end of teletypewriter links is a computer and which is a human. The interrogator is limited to using the responses to typed in questions to make the determination. The Turing test which was introduced in 1950 to help answer the question "can machines think?" In the standard version, a human judge engages in a natural language conversation with a human and a machine designed to generate performance indistinguishable from that of a human being. All participants are separated from one another. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. Turing then considered each possible objection to the proposal "machines can think", and found that there are simple, obvious answers if the question is de-mystified in this way. He did not, however, intend for the test to measure for the presence of "Consciousness" or "understanding". He did not believe this was relevant to the issues that he was addressing. He wrote: "I do not wish to give the impression that I think there is no mystery about consciousness. There is, for instance, something of a paradox connected with any attempt to localise it. But I do not think these mysteries necessarily need to be solved before we can answer the question with which we are concerned in this paper." Turing anticipated Searle's Chinese room argument (which he called "The Argument from Consciousness") in 1950 by noting that people never consider the problem of other minds when dealing with each other. He writes that "instead of arguing continually over this point it is usual to have the polite convention that everyone thinks." The Turing test simply extends this "polite convention" to machines. Newell and Simon had conjectured that a physical symbol system (such as a digital computer) had all the necessary machinery for "general intelligent action", or, as it is known today, artificial general intelligence. They framed this as a philosophical position, the hypothesis: "A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means for general intelligent action." The Chinese room argument does not refute this, because it is framed in terms of "intelligent action", i.e. the external behavior of the machine, rather than the presence or absence of understanding, consciousness and mind. Haldane: was skeptical of Materialist views and said in 1932: "If my options are the result of chemical processes going on in my brain, they are determined by the laws of chemistry, not the laws of logic".[1] Searle: The Chinese room argument implements a version of the Turing test where a program in the computer is held to be no different from a room full of Chinese scholars who cannot understand English, but can translate English to Chinese using rules in books and cards. Searle asserts that this Symbol Manipulation cannot result in a computer having a "mind", "understanding" or "consciousness" regardless of how intelligently or human-like the program may make the computer behave.[2] Searle argues that, without "understanding" (or "intentionality"), we cannot describe what the machine is doing as "thinking" and, since it does not think, it does not have a "mind" in anything like the normal sense of the word. Therefore, he concludes that "strong AI" is false. Most of the commentary about Knowledge seems to be an attempt to refute Searle's argument, which has become "something of a classic in cognitive science,". Varol Akman agrees, and has described the original paper as "an exemplar of philosophical clarity and purity".[3]. To any of other suggestions, Searle's response is always the same: no matter how much Knowledge is written into the program and no matter how the program is connected to the world, he is still in the room manipulating symbols according to rules. His actions are syntactic and this can never explain to him what the symbols stand for. Searle writes "syntax is insufficient for semantics." The Chinese room is designed to show that the Turing test is insufficient to detect the presence of consciousness, even if the room can behave or function as a conscious mind would. Dennett looks at all of Artificial Intelligence, and most particularly Deep Learning as "parasitic: deep learning (so far) discriminates but doesn't notice, That is the flood of data a system takes in does hot have relevance for the system except a more 'food' to 'digest'" and further that "deep-learning machines are dependent on human understanding."[4] He seems to be unaware of the symbiotic relationship between humans and Wikipedia or the possibility of interaction between humans and Identity Management systems as further explicated on the page Bayesian Identity Proofing. But most damning of Dennett, and in fact all of these philosophers, is that they think of human Knowledge as a high point to be reached for and emulated, rather than as the distillation of the rantings and ravings of a self-absorbed bunch of apes. But all this discussion by philosophers boils down to a silly verbalism, an argument about the meaning of words, which is why this wiki seeks to define the words that it depends on. In this wiki words mean exactly what we want them to mean, no more and no less. Or, in other words, we chose words and their definitions as is demanded by Popper. Problem As the process of collecting a User's Identifiers, Attributes etc. (in this wiki called Claims) from a Distributed Identity hosted across the cloud in unrelated databases and block-chains, the challenge of turning this data into an Authorization decision becomes quite complex. This is a problem that once was decided by the Knowledge of an expert and the Understanding of the context, for example large bank loans needed to be approved by a vice president and large corporate checks need to be signed by the comptroller of the company. Human Knowledge is, after all, "Human, all to Human"[5]. Which means it cannot escape the limitations and prejudices of actual people going about their daily business. Solution Knowledge comes in two forms (which are not completely distinct): Active knowledge that is accessible to a Mind in a form that can be (nearly) immediately accessed and used. Passive knowledge that is coded in some form that can be absorbed by a Mind and (hopefully) turned into active knowledge. (This process is also called learning.) Arthur Shopenhauer described the two forms of knowledge thus:[6] As the biggest library, if it is in disorder, is not as useful as a small but well-arranged one; so you may accumulate a vast amount of knowledge but it will be of far less value than a much smaller amount if you have not thought it over for yourself, because only through ordering what you know by comparing every truth with every other truth can you take complete possession of your knowledge and get it into your power. You can think about only what you know, so you ought to learn something, on the other hand, you can know only what you have thought about. Knowledge in Identity Management The working solution for Authentication and Authorization can be viewed as an extension of an existing process in ecommerce where the Relying Party collects the claims about the user and the context of the request (which will likely include user behavior and value of the transaction) into a Trust Vector for processing by a Fraud Detection Service. The result will be used to make the Authorization decision, or (if insufficient) it might initiate a continued collection of user claims for a retry. In other words, with a Distributed Identity system, the Relying Party needs to be self-aware to the extent that it can determine what Knowledge it has about a User so that if that knowledge is insufficient to Authorize access, that the Relying Party has Knowledge to seek out the additional claims it needs to grant access. The current state-of-the-art is for Understanding of the context to be build into the algorithm that collects context, but that is starting to change with the inclusion of AI into the Fraud Detection systems. References ↑ J.B.S Haldane, Some Consequences of Materialism in The Inequality of Man. PENGUIN (PELICAN) (1932) ↑ John Searle, "Minds, Brains, and Programs", (1980) Behavioral and Brain Sciences ↑ In Akman's review of Mind Design II ↑ Daniel C. Dennett, From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds. (2017-02-17) ISBN 978-0393242072 ↑ Friedrich Nietzsche, Human, All Too Human. (original 1878) ISBN 9780140446173 ↑ Arthur Shopenhauer, Essays and Aphorisms. trans. R.J. Holllingdale, (1970) Penguin p. 89 ISBN 978-0140442274 Other Material See also wiki Emergent behavior and wiki Wisdom Retrieved from "http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Knowledge&oldid=11097" Category: Glossary Navigation menu Personal tools Log in Namespaces Page Discussion Variants Views Read View source View history More Search Navigation Main page Recent changes Random page Help Tools What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Page information Sidebar Links back to tomjones IDESG Wiki Content is available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike unless otherwise noted.
0.990999	When it comes to lying, Joe Biden has no other choice. If he told people what the Democrats were actually going to do, no one would want to vote for him. Let’s go through each of them, one by one, shall we? Lie #1: Biden is “not opposed to the Justice”. The Truth: Biden has been publicly opposing the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett. His running mate, Kamala Harris, also expressed her disapproval. Lie #2: 100 million people with preexisting conditions won’t have medical insurance. The Truth: Trump will always work to protect Americans with preexisting medical conditions. Lie #3: Biden opined that the American people should be given the chance to wait for a new president before a new SCOTUS is selected. The Truth: Biden previously said that presidents have an obligation to make the selection, even during an election year. Lie #4: An expanded Obamacare plan won’t wipe out private insurance plans. The Truth: Private health insurance plans would be crowded out. Lie #5: Trump does not have a health care plan, The Truth: The America First Health Care plan was unveiled on September 24. Health care is also the main focus of his second-term agenda. Lie #6: There’s no Bernie Sanders/Joe Biden manifesto. The Truth: A 118-page document was released by a Sanders/Biden task force, filled with all sorts of radical left policy proposals. Lie #7: Biden claimed that Trump made no attempt to have people on the ground in China, to gauge the level of danger that the COVID-19 was posing. The Truth: Trump attempted to send in officials during early January. Biden did not support the move until over a month had passed. Lie #8: Scientists will be “muzzled and suppressed” under Trump. The Truth: Public health experts and scientists are always empowered under Trump. Lie #9: Biden said that he would not shut the economy down again. The Truth: He has already said that he would. Lie #10: The current economic recovery plan only benefits the most wealthy Americans. The Truth: Trump’s economic recovery plan is specifically designed to assist all economic classes. Lie #11: Biden said that Trump has been encouraging Americans not to wear their masks and claims he’s against social distancing. The Truth: Trump has repeatedly encouraged Americans to wear masks and has been photographed wearing one himself. Lie #12: The Trump administration has done nothing to assist small businesses. The Truth: Trump started the Paycheck Protection Program, which played a key role in keeping businesses afloat during the pandemic. Lie #13: Trump only paid $750 in taxes in 2016 and 2017. The Truth: Trump spent millions in both years. Lie #14: Biden said that the economy is “busted”. The Truth: The American economy was the world’s greatest before the pandemic arrived and Trump is working tirelessly to bring it back. Lie #15: “We handed him a booming economy,” Biden said of Trump, claiming to have inherited the worst recession short of a depression in the history of our country. The Truth: Biden was responsible for overseeing the slowest recovery the nation has seen since the Great Depression. Lie #16: Biden’s economic plan would provide 7 million more jobs than Donald Trump’s. The Truth: The Biden plan would destroy the economy even further. Lie #17: Hunter Biden did nothing wrong with Burisma. The Truth: A wide range of State Department officials expressed concerns about the clear conflict of interest that was taking place at the time. Lie #18: President Trump claimed that there were very fine people on both sides of the Charlottesville white supremacy protest. The Truth: He has always condemned white supremacy in all of its forms. Lie #19: Biden claimed that his son did not receive $3.5 million dollars during his dealings with Burisma. The Truth: The Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee’s report on the matter says differently. Lie #20: Manufacturing “went in the hole” before COVID-19. The Truth: President Trump created 500,000 manufacturing jobs during the first three years of his presidency. Lie #21: Biden argued that the most violent cities in America are run by Republicans. The Truth: In reality, the exact opposite is true. 17 of the 20 most violent cities in the nation are Democrat-led. Lie #22: Biden fired off a fake quote from Kellyanne Conway about Trump enjoying the violence because it helps his own cause. The Truth: The comment was misconstrued and this is not even the first time that Biden has attempted to misquote her. Lie #23: “Look, what I support is the police having the opportunity to deal with the problems they face. I am totally opposed to defunding the police officers,” said Biden. The Truth: During his vice presidency, he oversaw numerous cuts in spending for state and local law enforcement officials. Lie #24: Biden claimed that have gone head to head with Putin. The Truth: In reality, he is weak on Russia and Putin is probably licking his chops at the idea of a Biden presidency. Lie #25: Biden bristled when Trump brought up his son’s drug problem and lack of employment, calling all of it a lie. The Truth: Hunter Biden was discharged from the United States military because of his cocaine usage. Lie #26: Biden was sure to bring up the report about Trump calling military members “losers and suckers”. The Truth: 14 officials who were on the infamous trip with Trump have refuted those statements, including Sarah Sanders and Dan Scavino. Lie #27: Biden said that his energy plan would not cause any economic strife. The Truth: His plan would cost trillions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of Americans would be out of work. Lie #28: The Green New Deal is not Biden’s plan. The Truth: The climate plan is listed on his own website. He has embraced the framework of the plan on numerous occasions. Lie #29: Biden lied about calling military members “stupid bastards” in 2016. The Truth: Biden said, “clap for that, you stupid bastards” when one of his lines did not receive applause during a speech at a base in the UAE. Lie #30: Biden says that any mail-in ballots require postmarks and must be sent in by Election Day. The Truth: States (such as Pennsylvania) say that postmarks are not required. Lie #31: Amy Coney Barrett has questioned whether the Affordable Care Ac is constitutional or not. The Truth: She has yet to venture an opinion about Obamacare and has not offered any sort of input on the case that is currently pending in the Supreme Court. Lie #32: The United States trade deficit in China is higher than ever before. The Truth: The trade deficit continues to fall sharply under the Trump administration. Lie #33: Violent crime saw a 15 to 17 percent decline while Joe Biden was serving as vice president. The Truth: This stat is being overstated and it is actually believed that the violent crime numbers rose by as much as 4 percent while Biden was in office. Facebook Twitter Pinterest WhatsApp Previous articleGroup or Ideology? Either Way, Dems Have to Address the Problem Next articleDems’ Antisemitism! AOC Refuses to Meet With Jewish Community Leaders RELATED ARTICLESMORE FROM AUTHOR Black Friday Looting is Proof That BLM Issues Are Still Around McConaughey Sets the Record Straight: No Run for Governor The “Nuclear” Kamala Option… LEAVE A REPLY Cancel reply Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here You have entered an incorrect email address! Please enter your email address here Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 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0.997825	12 Receive Major Staff Development Grants in 1995—96 T he University administers a variety of programmes that offer fellowships, scholarships and grants for teaching and administrative staff to conduct research, pursue further studies in local or overseas institutions, or broaden their experience through participation in conferences and publication projects. The following is a summary of the major grants for staff development in 1995-96: Freemasons' Fund for East Asian Studies Awardee: Prof. Alfreda Stadlin, associate professor, Dept. of Anatomy Programme: To publish a bilingual book Drug Abuse— Psychosocial and Biological Impact Period: January and February 1997 Harvard-Yenching Visiting Scholars Programme Awardee: Prof. So Kee-long, Billy, associate professor, Dept. of History Programme: To conduct a research project on The Rule of Law in the Chinese Context: Jurisprudence, Legislations, and Legal Practices in the Criminal Justice System of Sung China' at Harvard University Period: 1 st August 1996-31st May 1997 Japan Foundation Fellowship Programme Awardee: Prof. Ho Puay-peng, associate professor, Dept. of Architecture Programme: To conduct a research project on 'Architectural Exchanges: Buddhist Monasteries in Japan and Their Mainland Prototypes' at the University of Kyoto Period: 3rd June - 15th August 1996 C. Y. Kwan Endowment Fund for Staff Development Awardee: Mrs. Erlinda Boyle, senior instructor, English Language Teaching Unit Programme: To pursue doctoral studies at Oxford Brookes University, UK Period: 10th June —16th August 1996 Awardee: Ms. Ma Kuen-fong, Beatrice, senior instructor, English Language Teaching Unit Programme: To pursue part-time D.Phil. studies at the University of York, UK Period. 1 st October — 14th December 1996 Awardee: Prof. Ma Lai-chong, Joyce, associate professor, Dept. of Social Work Programme: To attend a course in family therapy at the Minuchin Center for the Family in New York Period: 12th — 23rd August 1996 Awardee: Prof. Waye Miu-yee, Mary, associate professor, Dept. of Biochemistry Programme: To attend acourse on Molecular Embryology and Transgenic Technology (METT) at the University of Hong Kong Period: 24th November — 15th December 1996 LeeHysanFoundationEndowmentFundforStaffDevelopment Awardee: Prof. Chow Hau-siu, Irene, professor, Dept. of Management Programme: To attend the 1995-96 International Teachers Programme at London Business School Period: 4th —14th January 1996 and 7th — 17th July 1996 Awardee: Ms. Lesley Garratt, instructor I, English Language Teaching Unit Programme: To pursue part-time M.Phil./Ph.D. studies at the University of Lancaster, UK Period: 8th January - 22nd April 1997 Awardee: Mrs. Lai Chan Sau-hing, senior instructor, English Language Teaching Unit Programme: To continue with doctoral studies at Macquarie University, Australia Period: 8th January — 31st May 1996 Awardee: Mr. Lau Wing-chung, instructor I, Dept. of Sports Science and Physical Education Programme: To continue with doctoral studies at the University of Exeter, UK Period: 20th September 1995 -31st August 1996 Awardee: Prof. Sandy Luk, assistant professor, Dept. of Biochemistry Programme: To attend a course on Advanced Drosophila Genetics at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York Period: 30th July — 15th August 1996 MBA PROGRAMMES CELEBRATE 30TH ANNIV LI & FUNG LECTURER ATTRACTS A FULL HOUSE A 330-strong audience attended this year's Li & Fung Lecture organized by the MBA Programmes as part of their 30th anniversary celebrations. Prof. Warren McFarlan, Ross Graham Walker Professor of Business Administration at Harvard University, spoke on 'Information Technology Enabled Transformations in Distribution and Infrastructure for the 21 st Century' on. 2nd September at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre in Wanchai. A renowned expert in management information systems, Prof. McFarlan's current research focus is the organization of information services strategy and its linkage to corporate strategy. He has taught at Harvard, his alma mater, since 1963 and is currently the senior associate dean of external relations. CUHK Establishes Foundation for Better Vision T here is hope now for people with serious sight impairments in Hong Kong. A Tight for Sight Foundation' was recently established by the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the University to develop and provide better eyecare programmes for the community. A sight-screening project carried out by the department showed that over 20 per cent of the pre-schoolers surveyed suffer from sight problems such as astigmatism, mypopia (short- sightedness), hyperopia (long- sightedness), and lazy eye. The most striking finding is the high prevalence of astigmatism. If uncorrected, significant astigmatism can cause short-sightedness and lazy eye, while delayed treatment for squint and lazy eye can cause irreversible vision loss. The foundation will strive to improve the standards of clinical eyecare, launch community outreach programmes, develop new drugs and modes of therapy, and provide arehabilitation centre for the visually handicapped. A series of activities have been planned to raise funds for these projects.
0.999998	From an EU Member State or Schengen Associated Country, may I enter this country without being subject to extraordinary restrictions? No Is a coronavirus test required? Since 29 January, any person - regardless of nationality - arriving by air transport to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is subject to the requirement for a pre-departure negative COVID-19 test (on paper or electronic document). The test must be taken within 72 hours prior to departure. Accepted test: PCR, TMA, LAMP, Antigen This obligation does not apply to travel by land. Children aged 5 and under are exempted. The negative test result must be presented, if necessary along with a translation, either in one of the administrative languages (Luxembourgish, French, German) of Luxembourg or in English. Documents in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese are also accepted. The following persons are exempt from these obligations: People on duty employed in the transport sector and passengers in transit from the airport; Persons making a return journey by air, for less than 72 hours, from the Grand Duchy to a country which is a member of the Schengen area or the European Union, provided they have not left the Schengen area or the territory of the EU Member States during this period; Members of the diplomatic corps, personnel of international organizations and persons invited by these international organizations whose physical presence is required for the proper functioning of these organizations, military personnel, personnel in the field of development cooperation and humanitarian aid, and civil protection personnel in the exercise of their respective functions, provided that their stay in Luxembourg does not exceed 72 hours; Persons who have had a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection within 3 months prior to travel and who have completed the applicable isolation period in the respective country with the disappearance of any symptoms of infection. These persons may present a medical certificate attesting to these facts, which allows them to board a flight to Luxembourg without having to undergo a new nucleic acid amplification test of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA or of a viral antigen test. Is a quarantine required? Entry to Luxembourg is not subject to a mandatory quarantine. Mandatory Travel Documentation All passengers travelling by air are required to fill in a Passenger Locator Form. Find out more: covid19.public.lu (EN — FR — DE — LU) Contact Point for Luxembourg: For important medical questions concerning COVID-19, the Health Helpline (247-65533) is available from Monday to Friday between 8:00 and 18:00; on weekends between 10:00 and 18:00. Additional hotlines and contacts are available (EN — FR — DE — LU). What are the rules to enter this country from outside an EU Member State or Schengen Associated country? Third-country nationals may no longer enter the territory of the Grand Duchy until 30 June 2021 (inclusive). Details concerning these restrictions and the various exceptions are available on covid19.lu (EN — FR — DE — LU) Is a coronavirus test required? Yes, since 29 January, any person, regardless of nationality, arriving by air transport to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is subject to the requirement for a pre-departure negative COVID-19 test (on paper or electronic document). The test must be taken less than 72 hours prior to departure. Accepted test: PCR, TMA, LAMP, Antigen The negative test result must be presented, if necessary along with a translation, either in one of the administrative languages (Luxembourgish, French, German) of Luxembourg or in English. Documents in Italian, Spanish or Portuguese are now also accepted. From 1 April 2021, persons travelling by air from a third country will no longer have to undergo an additional rapid antigen test upon arrival at Luxembourg airport. The following persons are exempted from the testing obligation: People on duty employed in the transport sector and passengers in transit from the airport; Persons making a return journey by air, for less than 72 hours, from the Grand Duchy to a member of the Schengen area or the European Union, provided they have not left the Schengen area or the territory of the EU Member States during this period; Members of the diplomatic corps, personnel of international organisations, personnel in the field of development cooperation and humanitarian aid and civil protection personnel in the exercise of their respective functions, provided that their stay in Luxembourg does not exceed 72 hours; Persons who have had a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection within 3 months prior to travel and who have completed the applicable isolation period in the respective country with the disappearance of any symptoms of infection. These persons should present a medical certificate attesting to these facts, which allows them to embark for Luxembourg without undergoing a new nucleic acid amplification test of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA or of a viral antigen test. Please note that the testing obligations applicable to all persons wishing to enter Luxembourg from a third country are in addition to the temporary restrictions already in place for non-essential travel to the EU. Is a quarantine required? Entry to Luxembourg is not conditioned upon absolving a mandatory quarantine. May I transit this country? Yes As a general rule, passengers in transit in the EU+ area are exempted from temporary travel restriction. EU citizens entering the EU from a third country, as well as their family members, irrespective of their nationality, are exempted from the travel restrictions regardless of whether or not they are returning to their country of nationality or residence. Passengers travelling from a non-EU country to another non-EU country may transit through the international transit area of airports located in the Schengen area. Rules regarding airport transit visa requirements continue to apply. General measures An overview of the current measures is available in French, English, German and Luxembourgish on the website Covid-19.lu Use of facemasks Wearing a facemask is mandatory: in case of indoor activities open to the public (for example shops and supermarkets) as well as on public transport; during gatherings that involve more than 4 people, both indoors and outdoors. The following categories are exempted from the use of a mask: children under the age of 6; people with disabilities; speakers and religious actors during the exercise of their professional activities; theatre and film actors, musicians and dancers as long as they exercise their professional artistic activity; people who play sports, provided that it is exercised individually or in a group of no more than 2 people. Physical Distancing A 2-metres physical distance is compulsory during a gathering of 4 to 10 people. This obligation does not apply: to people who are part of the same household or who live together; to public transport users; in outdoor markets. In addition to the obligation of wearing a mask and maintaining a physical distance of at least 2 metres, the assignment of seats is compulsory for gatherings of more than 10 and up to 100 people. The assignment of seats is not mandatory in case of funerals, markets, museums, art centres, sports activities and demonstrations. Source: https://reopen.europa.eu/en/map/LUX/7001 31.03.2021 From an EU Member State or Schengen Associated Country, may I enter this country without being subject to extraordinary restrictions? PARTIALLY Is a coronavirus test required? All travellers arriving by air transport to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg are subject to the requirement for a pre-departure negative PCR test. The test must be taken within 72 hours prior to departure. Accepted test: PCR, TMA, LAMP, Antigen Children aged 5 and under are exempted. The negative test result must be presented, if necessary along with a translation, either in one of the administrative languages (Luxembourgish, French, German) of Luxembourg or in English. Documents in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese are also accepted. The following persons are exempt from these obligations: People on duty employed in the transport sector and passengers in transit from the airport; Persons making a return journey by air, for less than 72 hours, from the Grand Duchy to a country which is a member of the Schengen area or the European Union, provided they have not left the Schengen area or the territory of the EU Member States during this period; Members of the diplomatic corps, personnel of international organizations and persons invited by these international organizations whose physical presence is required for the proper functioning of these organizations, military personnel, personnel in the field of development cooperation and humanitarian aid, and civil protection personnel in the exercise of their respective functions, provided that their stay in Luxembourg does not exceed 72 hours; Persons who have had a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection within 3 months prior to travel and who have completed the applicable isolation period in the respective country with the disappearance of any symptoms of infection. These persons may present a medical certificate attesting to these facts, which allows them to board a flight to Luxembourg without having to undergo a new nucleic acid amplification test of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA or of a viral antigen test. Is a quarantine required? Entry to Luxembourg is not conditioned to a mandatory quarantine. Mandatory Travel Documentation All passengers travelling by air are required to fill in a passenger locator form. Find out more: covid19.public.lu (EN — FR — DE — LU) Contact Point for Luxembourg: For important medical questions concerning COVID-19, the Health Helpline (247-65533) is available from Monday to Friday between 8:00 and 18:00; on weekends between 10:00 and 18:00. Additional hotlines and contacts are available (EN — FR — DE — LU). Documents you need to travel in Europe What are the rules to enter this country from outside an EU Member State or Schengen Associated country? Third-country nationals may no longer enter the territory of the Grand Duchy until 31 March 2021 (inclusive). These travel restrictions are waived for people resident in the following third countries: Australia China, Hong Kong and Macao (subject to reciprocity at European Union level) New Zealand Ruanda South Korea Singapore Thailand The following categories of third-country nationals are also exempted: Nationals of third countries who have long-term resident status in accordance with European Directive 2003/109/EC as well as any other person with a right of residence in accordance with European directives, and the national law of a Member State of the European Union and the countries associated with the Schengen area, or who hold a long-term national visa from one of the above-mentioned States; Health professionals, health researchers and professionals involved in the care of the elderly; Cross-border workers; Seasonal workers in agriculture; People employed in the transport sector; Members of the diplomatic corps, personnel of international organisations, military personnel, personnel in the field of development cooperation and humanitarian aid, and civil defence personnel in the exercise of their respective functions; Transit passengers; Passengers travelling for urgent and duly justified family reasons; Sailors; Persons wishing to apply for international protection; Third-country nationals travelling for study purposes; Highly qualified third-country workers if their employment is economically necessary and their work cannot be postponed or carried out from abroad. The persons referred to in points 8°, 10° and 11° of the categories of persons listed above must have a specific certificate. To this end, they must make an express request by e-mail to [email protected]. For further information please contact the Passport, Visa and Legalization Office by e-mail: [email protected] or by telephone: 247-88300. Is a coronavirus test required? From 29 January until 31 March 2021 included, any person, regardless of their nationality, aged 6 or over, travelling by air transport to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, must present a negative result (on paper or electronic document) of a nucleic acid amplification test of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA (either by PCR, TMA or LAMP method) or of a viral antigen test (rapid test) The test should be carried out within 72 hours before take-off. The negative test result must be presented, if necessary along with a translation, either in one of the administrative languages (Luxembourgish, French, German) of Luxembourg or in English. Documents in Italian, Spanish or Portuguese are now also accepted. In addition, any person travelling by air from a third country will have to undergo an additional viral rapid antigen test on arrival at Luxembourg airport. This obligation also applies in the case of transit. The obligation to present a negative test on boarding, and to submit to an additional test on arrival, also applies to persons residing in Australia, South Korea, New Zealand, Rwanda, Singapore and Thailand. The following persons are exempted from the testing obligation: People on duty employed in the transport sector and passengers in transit from the airport; Persons making a return journey by air, for less than 72 hours, from the Grand Duchy to a member of the Schengen area or the European Union, provided they have not left the Schengen area or the territory of the EU Member States during this period; Members of the diplomatic corps, personnel of international organisations, personnel in the field of development cooperation and humanitarian aid and civil protection personnel in the exercise of their respective functions, provided that their stay in Luxembourg does not exceed 72 hours; Persons who have had a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection within 3 months prior to travel and who have completed the applicable isolation period in the respective country with the disappearance of any symptoms of infection. These persons should present a medical certificate that allows them to embark for Luxembourg without undergoing a new nucleic acid amplification test of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA or of a viral antigen test. Is a quarantine required? If you choose not to take a rapid antigen test on arrival, you are required to undergo a 14-day quarantine, which can be terminated if a negative test result is provided during that time. May I transit this country? YES As a general rule, passengers in transit in the EU+ area are exempted from temporary travel restriction. EU citizens entering the EU from a third country, as well as their family members, irrespective of their nationality, are exempted from the travel restrictions regardless of whether or not they are returning to their country of nationality or residence. Passengers travelling from a non-EU country to another non-EU country may transit through the international transit area of airports located in the Schengen area. Rules regarding airport transit visa requirements continue to apply. General measures An overview of the current measures is available in French, English, German and Luxembourgish on the website Covid-19.lu Health cover for temporary stays Use of facemasks Wearing a facemask is mandatory: in case of indoor activities open to the public (for example shops and supermarkets) as well as on public transport; during gatherings that involve more than 4 people, both indoors and outdoors. The following categories are exempted from the use of a mask: children under the age of 6; people with disabilities; speakers and religious actors during the exercise of their professional activities; theatre and film actors, musicians and dancers as long as they exercise their professional artistic activity; people who play sports, provided that it is exercised individually or in a group of no more than 2 people. Physical Distancing A 2-metres physical distance is compulsory during a gathering of 4 to 10 people. This obligation does not apply: to people who are part of the same household or who live together; to public transport users; in outdoor markets. In addition to the obligation of wearing a mask and maintaining a physical distance of at least 2 metres, the assignment of seats is compulsory for gatherings of more than 10 and up to 100 people. The assignment of seats is not mandatory in case of funerals, markets, museums, art centres, sports activities and demonstrations. Source: https://reopen.europa.eu/en/map/LUX/7001 28.01.2021 From an EU Member State or Schengen Associated Country, may I enter this country without being subject to extraordinary restrictions? YES Luxembourg adopts its own national classification of risk areas, hence travel restrictions for Luxembourg are not based on the common "EU Traffic Lights" map. Nationals of an EU country or one of the Schengen Area associated countries, as well as Nationals of San Marino, Andorra, Monaco and the Vatican/Holy See, are free to enter the European Union, irrespective of the purpose of their stay and not only to return to their home. Is a coronavirus test required? No, it is not required to show the negative result of a Covid-19 test before entering Luxembourg. Nevertheless, passengers arriving by air can be tested free of charge at Luxembourg Airport on a voluntary basis or at one of the eight test stations in the country through appointment on www.covidtesting.lu, provided that a Luxembourg social security number (CNS number) is available. Is a quarantine required? No, it is not required to undergo a mandatory quarantine upon entry. A 10-day isolation will be applied only in case of a positive COVID-19 test result. Find out more: covid19.public.lu Contact Point for Luxembourg: For important medical questions concerning COVID-19, the Health Helpline (247-65533) is available from Monday to Friday between 8:00 and 18:00; on weekends between 10:00 and 18:00. Additional Hotlines and contacts are available. Documents you need to travel in Europe What are the rules to enter this country from outside an EU Member State or Schengen Associated country? As of 1 January 2021, the UK is considered a third country with regards to temporary restrictions on non-essential travel to the EU. Passengers returning to Luxembourg from the UK must meet the following conditions: be in possession of a negative PCR test taken less than 48 hours ago; be in possession of a negative PCR test dated between 48 and 72 hours. These persons must undergo a new PCR test upon arrival at Luxembourg airport and must place themselves into quarantine until a negative test result has been received. Alternatively, antigen tests are accepted under the same conditions as outlined above. Additional information is available on mae.lu ____________________ Third-country nationals coming from Australia, China, Hong Kong and Macao (subject to confirmation of reciprocity at EU level), Japan, New Zealand, Ruanda, Singapore, South Korea and Thailand, are allowed to enter the territory of Luxembourg without the necessity to provide a negative test result. These travellers are required to hold official documents proving their residence in one of these countries (residence permit, residence certificate, work permit, etc.), translated into one of the administrative languages of Luxembourg or into English. Third-country nationals who do not belong to the previous categories are not allowed to enter Luxembourg. Some exceptions apply for the following categories: third-country nationals who have the status of long-term resident in accordance with European Directive 2003/109/EC and anyone who holds a national long-term visa. health professionals, health researchers and professionals involved in the care of old people; cross-border workers; seasonal workers in the agricultural sector; people working in the transport sector; members of the diplomatic corps, military personnel and similar categories; passengers in transit; passengers travelling for duly justified urgent family reasons; sailors; people looking for international protection or travelling for humanitarian reasons; third-country nationals travelling for study purposes; highly-qualified workers from third countries if their employment is necessary in economic terms and their work cannot be postponed or carried out from abroad. People who travel for family, work and study reasons (points 8, 11 and 12 of the previous list) must present a specific attestation. They must apply for this by sending a specific application by e-mail to the Passport, Visa and Legalisation Office ([email protected]). For further information, please contact the Passport, Visa and Legalisation Office by e-mail ([email protected]) or by phone ((+352) 247-88300). Apart from third-country nationals who belong to points 5,6 (including their family members) and 7 of the previous list, all the other travellers from the age of 11 belonging to the above-mentioned list, must present before boarding the negative result of a SARS-CoV-2 test, carried out less than 72 hours before the flight departure. The result of the biological test must be presented together with a translation into one of Luxembourg three administrative languages or English. Third-country nationals who are also family members of a European Union citizen or of a national of a Schengen Area associated country are free to enter, irrespective of the purpose of their stay, provided that they show a specific attestation issued by the Luxembourgish authorities for the purpose of a short visit or also a letter demonstrating the family reunification or a residence permit. To know more: Guichet.lu Visit Luxembourg May I transit this country? YES General measures An overview of the current measures is available in French, English, German and Luxembourgish on Covid-19 measures after 11.01.2021 Health cover for temporary stays Use of facemasks Wearing a facemask is mandatory: in case of indoor activities open to the public (for example shops and supermarkets) as well as on public transport; during gatherings that involve more than 4 people, both indoors and outdoors. The following categories are exempted from the use of a mask: children under the age of 6; people with disabilities; speakers and religious actors during the exercise of their professional activities; theatre and film actors, musicians and dancers as long as they exercise their professional artistic activity; people who play sports, provided that it is exercised individually or in a group of no more than 2 people. Physical Distancing A 2-metres physical distance is compulsory during a gathering of 4 to 10 people. This obligation does not apply: to people who are part of the same household or who live together; to public transport users; in outdoor markets. In addition to the obligation of wearing a mask and maintaining a physical distance of at least 2 metres, the assignment of seats is compulsory for gatherings of more than 10 and up to 100 people. The assignment of seats is not mandatory in case of funerals, markets, museums, art centres, sports activities and demonstrations. 16.12.2020 From an EU Member State or Schengen Associated Country, may I enter this country without being subject to extraordinary restrictions? YES Nationals of an EU country or one of the Schengen Area associated countries, as well as Nationals of the United Kingdom, San Marino, Andorra, Monaco and the Vatican/Holy See, are free to enter the European Union, irrespective of the purpose of their stay and not only to return to their home. These people do not need to produce a negative test before entering the Grand Duchy. What are the rules to enter this country from outside an EU Member State or Schengen Associated country? Third-country nationals coming from Australia, China, Hong Kong and Macao (subject to confirmation of reciprocity at EU level), Japan, New Zealand, Ruanda, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Uruguay, are allowed to enter the territory of Luxembourg without the necessity to provide a negative test result. These travellers are required to hold official documents proving their residence in one of these countries (residence permit, residence certificate, work permit, etc.), translated into one of the administrative languages of Luxembourg or into English. Until 31/12/2020 (inclusive), third-country nationals who do not belong to the previous categories are not allwed to enter Luxembourg. Some exceptions apply for the following categories: third-country nationals who have the status of long-term resident in accordance with European Directive 2003/109/EC and anyone who holds a national long-term visa. health professionals, health researchers and professionals involved in the care of old people; cross-border workers; seasonal workers in the agricultural sector; people working in the transport sector; members of the diplomatic corps, military personnel and similar categories; passengers in transit; passengers travelling for duly justified urgent family reasons; sailors; peoole looking for international protection or travelling for humanitarian reasons; third-country nationals travelling for study purposes; highly-qualified workers from third countries if their employment is necessary in economic terms and their work cannot be postponed or carried out from abroad. People who travel for family, work and study reasons (points 8, 11 and 12 of the previous list) must present a specific attestation. They must apply for this by sending a specific application by e-mail to the Passport, Visa and Legalisation Office ([email protected]). For further information, please contact the Passport, Visa and Legalisation Office by e-mail ([email protected]) or by phone ((+352) 247-88300). Apart from third-country nationals who belong to points 5,6 (including their family members) and 7 of the previous list, all the other travellers from the age of 11 belonging to the above-mentioned list, must present before boarding the negative result of a SARS-CoV-2 test, carried out less than 72 hours before the flight departure. The result of the biological test must be presented together with a translation into one of Luxembourg three administrative languages or English. Third-country nationals who are also family members of a European Union citizen or of a national of the United Kingdom or a Schengen Area associated country are free to enter, irrespective of the purpose of their stay, provided that they show a specific attestation issued by the Luxembourgish authorities for the purpose of a short visit or also a letter demonstrating the family reunification or a residence permit. May I transit this country? YES To know more: Guichet.lu Visit Luxembourg Find out more: covid19.public.lu 08.10.2020 Entry Restrictions Travelling to Luxembourg from EU+ countries is allowed without restrictions. EU+ comprises EU Member States plus Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Monaco, Vatican City State and the Republic of San Marino. Travelling from Luxembourg or returning to Luxembourg Some countries are submitting travellers coming from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to a quarantine (which may last between 5 and 14 days) or are asking for a recent negative COVID-19 test. For the summer holiday period, the State offers one free COVID-19 test per person ahead of, as well as after, a trip or stay abroad for tourism. More information are available on "Covidtest travels" and guichet.lu Luxembourgish citizens who are currently abroad may reach the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs on (+352) 247-82300 or by email at [email protected], in case of an emergency. Third-country nationals coming from outside the EU and Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and Liechtenstein Third-country nationals who are resident in Australia, Canada, China (subject to confirmation of reciprocity at EU level), Georgia, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Thailand and Tunisia, are allowed to enter the territory of Luxembourg. These travellers are required to hold official documents proving their residence in one of these countries (residence permit, residence certificate, work permit, etc.), translated into one of the administrative languages of Luxembourg or into English. Since 12/08/2020, any third-country national from the age of eleven who come from countries other then the above-mentioned ones, including people holding a residence permit (also temporary), wishing to travel by air transport to the territory of Luxembourg, must present before boarding the negative result of a SARS-CoV-2 test, carried out less than 48 hours before the flight departure. Mandatory Travel Documentation No additional document is required. Find out more: gouvernement.lu Find out more: Guichet.lu 15.09.2020 Travelling to Luxembourg Travelling to and from EU countries is allowed without restrictions. Travelling to and from Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and Liechtenstein, as well as the United Kingdom, is allowed without restrictions. Third-country nationals The ban on the entry of third-country nationals into the territory of Luxembourg is extended until 15 September 2020 included. Since 1 July 2020, third-country nationals who are resident in one of the following countries are authorised to enter the territory of Luxembourg: Australia; Canada; China (subject to confirmation of reciprocity at EU level); Georgia; Japan; New Zealand; Rwanda; South Korea; Thailand; Tunisia; Uruguay. These travellers will need official documents proving their residence in one of these countries (residence permit, residence certificate, work permit, etc.). These documents must be accompanied by a translation into one of the administrative languages of Luxembourg or into English. Since 12 August, any third-country national aged eleven or over, including persons holding a temporary residence permit or a residence permit, wishing to travel by air transport to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg from a non-EU third country not appearing on the aforementioned list of third countries, must present before boarding the negative result of a biological examination looking for the viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2, carried out less than 48 hours before the flight departure. More information are available at https://guichet.public.lu Travelling from Luxembourg or returning to Luxembourg Some countries are submitting travellers coming from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to a quarantine (which may last between 5 and 14 days) or are asking for a recent negative COVID-19 test. For the summer holiday period, the State offers one free COVID-19 test per person ahead of, as well as after, a trip or stay abroad for tourism. More information are available on "Covidtest travels" and guichet.lu Luxembourgish citizens who are currently abroad may reach the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs on (+352) 247-82300 or by email at [email protected], in case of an emergency. Rules and Exceptions None. Mandatory Travel Documentation No. Links to national sources gouvernement.lu Driving abroad Source: https://reopen.europa.eu/en/map/LUX Lift of weekend traffic ban (20.03.2020) Luxembourg has notified the Commission that it suspended the ban on traffic for >7.5 tonne vehicles on weekends and public holidays. Start date: 20.03.2020 End date: not available Temporary and limited relaxation of the enforcement of driving and rest times for the drivers involved in freight transport Luxembourg has notified a temporary and limited relaxation of the enforcement of driving and rest times for the drivers involved in national and international freight transport. This relaxation is granted pursuant to Article 14(2) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 Start date: 19.03.2020 End date: 17.04.2020 Further information: https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/temporary-relaxatio... Remarks from the International Road Transport Union 04.11.2020 Entry into force of a Curfew between 23h00 and 06h00 until the end of November. International road transport divers mustn’t carry any specific documentation. Source: CLC 18.04.2020 Restrictions on movements The following measures apply until further notice: - Reduction of frequency of national regular bus services - Suspension of international bus services except for repatriation transport Public transport on Sundays is suspended until 4 May. Facilitation measures On 8 April, the government extended the validity of Certificates of Professional Competence that expire during the crisis for further six months. Validity of a serie of ADR certificates is extended over different periods of time. Full list can be consulted here. Source: ITF 16.04.2020 On 16 April, the Luxembourg Minister of Mobility has signed a new relaxation of the rules regarding driving and rest times. The new rules apply from 18 April until 31 May, included, and are as follows: - Art. 6.1: Increase of the maximum daily driving time from 9 hours to 11 hours, not more than three times per week - Art. 6.3: Increase of the fortnightly driving time from 90 hours to 96 hours - Art. 8.6: Postponement of a weekly rest period from six to seven 24-hour periods, with the obligation to compensate during the following week - Art. 8.8: possibility for the driver to take the regular weekly rest in the vehicle, as long as it has suitable sleeping facilities,for each driver and the vehicle is stationary. Source: CLC 22.03.2020 The Ministry of Mobility has set out new measures for bus and coach transport in Luxembourg. The measures apply immediately and until further notice and provide for the following: The front door of multi-door vehicles can no longer be used by passengers The first row of passenger seats should remain unoccupied. The driver is requested to put up barrier tape or similar The driver does not sell tickets (RegioZone) anymore The social distancing rules must be displayed on the vehicle Source: CLC 20.03.2020 Restrictions A state of emergency has been declared for 3 months but may be cancelled earlier. There are no restrictions considering transport of goods in Luxembourg, but there may be short waiting times at the borders. Relieves Luxembourg has agreed on a temporary and limited relaxation of the enforcement of driving and rest times for the drivers involved in domestic and international delivery of goods. This relaxation is granted pursuant to Article 14(2) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006. This temporary relaxation applies from 19 March 2020 and will run until 17 April 2020. Luxembourg has made it clear that driver and road safety must not be compromised. Drivers should not be expected to drive whilst tired - employers remain responsible for the health and safety of their employees and other road users. For the above mentioned category of drivers, the following provisions will be temporarily relaxed as follows: - Derogation to Article 6(2): replacement of the maximum weekly driving limit of 56 hours with one of 60 hours. - Derogation to Article 6(3): replacement of the maximum fortnightly driving limit of 90 hours with one of 96 hours. - Derogation to Article 8(6): postponement of a weekly rest period beyond six-24 hours period. Source: CLC No labels Overview Content Tools UNECE Sustainable Transport Division Powered by a free Atlassian Confluence Community License granted to UNECE. Evaluate Confluence today.
0.935889	As a small business, if you are looking for hosting services, there a number of options that you get to choose from. Therefore, when you are making your decision, you should always think about its pros and cons and how well the type of the hosting matches the requirements of the website that you are building and your business. One of the most commonly used types of hosting for small businesses and large-scale businesses alike are reseller hosting Australia. Reseller hosting is the purchase an amount of disk space and bandwidth from person or an organization and then selling it to a third-party. Reseller hosting comes with a number of advantages that will be discussed in this article: Cost effective A great advantage of getting roller hosting is its cost. When compared to the other options, reseller hosting is cheaper. If you are looking to start a web hosting business, you can go ahead with reseller hosting. In this addition to that, the entire process is simplified because you don’t have to worry about buying equipment, technology or even the infrastructure because they are given you with the web hosting service provide. Give the fullest attention to your business If you are looking for a type of hosting that will completely take away the worries that you would have about the technological aspects of it so that you give your fullest focus on the business, the ideal choice is reseller hosting. This gives you the best advantage as all of the technical aspects such as the miniatous, the security, the service upgrades, and everything else will be taken care of it. Thus, you will have zero responsibilities but a good performing hosting service. Ability to expand When you are getting reseller hosting, you can expand it if you want to. If you notice that your website is getting more traffic than you initially expected to or if you want to build more pages for your business, you can easily expand the hosting services to fit your needs when you have chosen reseller hosting. You can also have different parts of the site be linked to different URLs and have different servicers without having to worry about addition hosting plan costs. Benefit from a list of other great features When you choose reseller hosting, you will also be benefitting from a list of other features. You will notice that the control panel is more powerful and that it lets you manage the website much more effectively. In addition to that, you will get unlimited SSL certification when you choose a reputed comma to get your reseller hosting from and you will also get great features such as cPanel. Therefore, always be on the look out to getting choosing the right hosting providers and choose reseller hosting to get all of these benefits and more. Do a bit of research to understand how good the hosting service provider is before you choose.
0.999965	From Adam to the Flood. The Bible gives evidence of the existence of lists of family relationships from man's beginning. At the birth of Adam's son Seth, Eve said: "God has appointed another seed in place of Abel, because Cain killed him." (Ge 4:25) Representatives of the line begun by Seth survived the Flood. (Ge 5:3-29, 32; 8:18; 1Pe 3:19, 20) Cain's descendants are listed in part and include men who distinguished themselves in nomadic stock raising, the playing of Musical Instruments, and the forging of metal tools as well as those who were known for their practice of polygamy and their violence. (Gen. 4:17-24) Cain's line ended with the global Flood of Noah's day. Wiki User ∙ 2017-05-17 19:21:12 This answer is: 👍 Helpful 👎 Not Helpful 🙏 0 🤨 0 😮 0 Add a Comment Study guides New Testament 20 cards A very important value of the Bible is that it The Old Testament included the book of The Protestant Reformation attempted to relate the bible to the Jealousy and anger shorten life comes from ➡️ See all cards Study now New Testament 22 cards The Old Testament included the book of What is known of the actual words of Jesus The Protestant Reformation attempted to relate the bible to the Jealousy and anger shorten life comes from ➡️ See all cards Study now Old Testament 22 cards A very important value of the Bible is that it The Old Testament included the book of The Protestant Reformation attempted to relate the bible to the Jealousy and anger shorten life comes from ➡️ See all cards Study now More answers Wiki User ∙ 2016-02-27 06:37:04 Copy The relevant genealogy of Adam is in Genesis chapter 5. Leon R. Kass (The Beginning of Wisdom: Reading Genesis) regards Genesis chapter 5 as a third and wholly new creation story, distinct in content and form both from the cosmological account of Genesis 1 and from the paradigmatic story of the prototypical human beings, Adam and Eve and sons (Genesis 2:4-4:26). In other words, this genealogy comes from a separate tradition that did not involve Cain and Abel. The earlier tradition concludes in Genesis chapter 4 with the descendants of Cain. 👍 👎 Add a Comment Wiki User ∙ 2016-02-27 19:36:01 Copy Because his descendants all died in the Flood. Adam's genealogy shows how Noah came from him. Noah did not come from any of Cain's descendants. See also the Related Links. Link: The Flood Link: Noah Link: How many Creation-stories? 👍 👎 Add a Comment Add your answer: Earn +20 pts Q: In the genealogy of Adam why was Cain not mentioned? Write your answer... Submit Related questions Why isn't Cain listed in the blood line of Jesus? Cain was not in the blood line of Jesus. Cain and Abel were sons of Adam and Eve. Cain killed Abel and Cain went to the land of Nod. Adam and Eve had another son by the name of Seth (Genesis 4:25-26.) You will find Seth in the genealogy found in Luke 3:23-38). Who are Adam and Eve grandchildren? Enoch (from Cain), Enosh (from Seth), and many, many others not mentioned were the grandchildren of Adam and Eve. Who were first five people mentioned in the Bible? Adam, Eve, Cain, Abel, and Enoch. Who is the Fifth person mentioned in the Bible? Seth. Adam and Eve's third son after Cain and Abel. Besides Adam and Eve who was the first person named in the Bible? Cain was the first person mentioned in the bible besides Adam and Eve. "...she conceived and bore a son Cain" (Genesis 4:1) Did Adam know that Cain killed Abel? Yes. Since Eve mentioned it (Genesis 4:25), Adam certainly also knew. Why does the genealogy of Adam in Genesis chapter 5 fail to mention Cain and Able as Adam's sons? The Bible only mentions Seth because it was through Seth's line that Christ would come. If Adam was not Cain's father then who was? adam is cain's father When Cain was banished for killing Abel who did he or seth have children with as they plus Adam and Eve were the only humans? No they had other children beside those mentioned, Cain married his own sister. Names of Adam and Eve children? Only three names are mentioned in the bible all boys. They were Cain, Abel and Seth. Who was the first daughter of Adam and Eve? Yes they had other daughters and sons beside Abel and Cain. But the names of the daughters are not mentioned. Who are the descendants of Cain? There are a couple different genealogies given for the descendants of Cain. These appear in Genesis (4:16-23; 5:21-29). One reason for this may be that those recording the genealogy did not want to have heros such as Enoch and Noah to be known descendants of the first murder, Cain; so they instead made them descendants of Cain's brother, Seth (Adam and Eve's third son). The most reliable genealogy seems to go: Adam Cain Enoch Irad Mehujael Methusael Lamech Noah There are a couple different genealogies given for the descendants of Cain. These appear in Genesis (4:16-23; 5:21-29). One reason for this may be that those recording the genealogy did not want to have heros such as Enoch and Noah to be known descendants of the first murder, Cain; so they instead made them descendants of Cain's brother, Seth (Adam and Eve's third son). The most reliable genealogy seems to go: Adam Cain Enoch Irad Mehujael Methusael Lamech Noah The above seems to be incorrect, according to Genesis 5:17-29 the Enoch and Lamech, descendants of Seth were different from the Enoch and Lamech descendants of Cain. What were the names of Adam and Eve's children? The only 3 names mentioned in the Bible are Cain, Abel, and Seth. Adam also had "other sons and daughters," though they aren't named. Who was the third person born in the world? According to the Bible, the third MENTIONED person to be born was Seth, son of Adam and Eve. The third person mentioned in the Bible was Cain, Adam and Eve's first-born son. Adam and Eve also had other children in between the ones mentioned so we really don't know who was actually the third. Who is the first person who died on earth? Abel was murdered by his brother Cain. Cain and Abel were the sons of Adam and Eve so Abel was the first person on earth that died. EDIT: While it may be true that Able is the first person on earth to die, it could be possible that someone who is not mentioned in the bible died before Able did. Who knows. Where in the Bible does Lucifer daughter name is? There is no specific daughter mentioned as Lucifiers (Satan's), all of the prodigy of Satan (The serpent in the garden - Revelation 12:9), is given in his son with Eve which is Cain. The genealogy of Cain is given in Genesis 4:16 - 24. Cain is not given in the genealogy of Adam (Genesis 5). Cain and his genealogy are mentioned and identified by Christ in James chapter 8:44. Cain's genealogy are known as the Kenite's. in biblical text.Lucifer, aka ha Satan, is a spiritual angel and as such cannot have offspring.The gift of reproduction has been given to physical mankind and not the angels in the spirit world. After the Millennial Rule when mankind is changed into spiritual children of God, we will no longer be able to reproduce - a gift from God for human sharing only:Mark 12:25New King James Version (NKJV)25 For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven. What is the name of Adam's sons? Cain and Abel were the first two sons. But they also had other daughters and sons that aren't mentioned by name. Abel was the first one recorded in the Bible to plant a vineyard? No, Abel was a herder of livestock. Cain was a tiller of the ground and if there was a vineyard in Adam's family it would have been Cain's. However the first Husbandman mentioned in the bible was Noah. Where in the Bible did Seth get a wife? Gen:5:4: And the days of Adam ..........: and he begat sons and daughters: (margin) Adam and Eve had many sons and daughters that are not mentioned by name.Seth(and Cain for that matter)married their sisters. How did Kane get his wife if his brother and his parents where the only ones on earth? Cain and Abel are the only two that were mentioned at that time, but they could have literally had hundreds of sibling. In the genealogy of Adam in ch. 5 of Genesis only Seth is mentioned, and Adam was 130 years old when Seth was born, and Adam is said to have lived another 800 year after that and it says he begot sons and daughters. We only know about Cain and Abel because of the story in ch. 4 and no other names are mentioned. I personally think that Cain was a head of a clan at the time he killed Abel and went into an exile. In ch.4:17 it is said that Cain had a son named Enoch and he built a city and named the city Enoch after his son (firstborn in exile I assume). One thing you need to remember, is that back in those day people lived close to a millennium and where generally very healthy, so there would have been a population explosion in the first few hundred years. What was the name of Cain and Abel's brother? Cain and Abel were the only two sons of Adam and Eve in the Bible. Cain killed his brother Abel and was forced to wander the earth.ANOTHER ANSWER:The "third son" of Adam recorded in the Bible was "SETH." But Adam's genealogy doesn't detail an exact number of Cain and Abel's MANY OTHER BROTHERS:"When Adam was 130 years old, his son Seth was born, and Seth was the very image of his father. After the birth of Seth, Adam lived another 800 years, and HE HAD OTHER SONS AND DAUGHTERS." (Gen.5:3-4 NLT New Living Translation)The only question that remains is: "How many children [sons and daughters; brothers and sisters of Cain and Abel] is it possible for a man have in the course of 800 years?" Who was Cain's biological father? Adam was Cain's father in all respects. Who was the father of Cain and Abel? Adam was the father of Cain and Abel. Who was the first person to be born? It's not known who was first born. However, Cain, son of Adam and Eve, is the first person mentioned who was born. Who are the deceandant of Cain? Cain is the son of Adam and Eve in the Holy Bible. Cain and his wife had a son and his name was Enoch. The bible records years of lineage from Adam and Eve and that includes Cain. People also asked What is the problem with non point sources? View results What were the 3 parts to Henry Clay's American system? View results Did Barabbas hang on the cross with Jesus? View results What is geomertic figures if they have equal corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides? View results What type of fiber is commonly found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue? View results Where do different religions worship? View results Study Guides New Testament Created By Vicenta Nienow New Testament Created By Darien VonRueden Old Testament Created By Jalyn Gottlieb Judaism Created By Amina Stehr Trending Questions How can you cut an onion without crying? Asked By Leland Grant Is silence a sound? Asked By Ciara Parker Achieve 3000 cheat? Asked By Wiki User Who was Anna Kreisling? 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0.999998	The safety and well-being of our residents, families, and team members has always been our top priority. Since the first reports of COVID-19 emerged in the United States, we have taken proactive steps to protect those in our care, and we continue to do so each and every day. Our precautionary safety measures are based upon recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), other leading health organizations, and our own task force. Honoring Our Commitment Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination for Staff As part of our commitment to your safety, and the pursuit of the common good to break the chain of disease transmission, we believe it is our duty to provide a workplace that is free from potentially deadly viral infections, such as COVID-19. According to the FDA, the COVID-19 vaccine is currently the best hope for ending this pandemic and protecting our residents, our staff, and our families from getting the COVID-19 virus. Since the COVID-19 vaccines were made available under the Emergency Use Authorization in December 2020, we have expressed our strong desire for every employee to be vaccinated based on FDA recommendations. With full approval of the Pfizer vaccine on August 23, 2021, and upcoming federal requirements, as well as our commitment to keep every resident and team member safe, the decision was made on September 7, 2021 to require all staff to become fully vaccinated against COVID-19 by November 8, 2021. Our Commitment in Action We continue to practice effective infection control protocols, such as wearing masks and social distancing, as appropriate, and other cleaning and sanitation procedures. Click here to learn more about our community's protection features and infection control protocols Here are a few of the protection features and infection control protocols, both new and old, that help us safeguard our residents’ and team members’ comprehensive well-being: New! Patented Bipolar Ionization Technology that safely cleans indoor air and reduces infectivity of certain viruses by more than 90% by creating and releasing ions into the airstream. These ions attach to particles (such as dust, dander, pollen, smoke, and even pathogens such as mold, viruses, and bacteria), where they combine, become larger, and are more easily filtered. The technology delivers indoor air that is free of ozone and other harmful byproducts, thereby lowering our carbon footprint while reducing airborne particulates, odors, and pathogens. Our Specialized Infection Control and Prevention Team continues to monitor and implement all guidance and recommendations from local, state, and national health agencies. Continued utilization of innovative electrostatic spray technology such as Clorox Total 360® to kill COVID-19 (on hard, nonporous surfaces), cold and flu viruses, norovirus, MRSA and more than 40 additional pathogens. Implementation of additional touchless technology throughout the community, including entrances and restrooms. Refined protocols for storage and distribution of personal protective equipment (“PPE”). Continued screenings for all staff and visitors entering the community (temperature taken, travel and symptom questions, etc.). Our Physical/Life Safety Programs and Systems remain a critical component of our commitment to comprehensive safety, including but not limited to fire suppression and sprinkler systems, a full-building generator, security cameras and secure entrances/exits, and pull cords in every resident apartment. Recent COVID-19 Updates All staff are required to become fully vaccinated against COVID-19 by November 8, 2021. 9/7/2021 We are working with our Long-term Care Pharmacy for the administration of booster vaccines for those residents and staff who are currently vaccinated. 9/7/2021 Current Policies Visitor Policy All visitors will be screened upon entering the community. Indoor visitation is limited to specific areas and times. (Please call the community for details.) Outdoor visitation is preferred when the weather allows. Masks must be worn in common areas by all parties regardless of vaccination status. If the resident and visitor(s) are both fully vaccinated, while alone in the resident’s room or the designated visitation room, masks may be removed. Increased restrictions will be put in place in the event of a COVID-19 outbreak within the community. Additional details about our current visitation policy can be obtained by calling the front desk. Dining Policy Our dining rooms are currently operating on a normal schedule with appropriate social distancing and increased sanitation measures in place. In the event of a COVID-19 outbreak, in-room meal delivery will be implemented. Please contact the community if you have any questions. Activity Policy Our activity and life enrichment programs are currently operating on a modified schedule. Residents must socially distance (allowing space of 6ft or greater) and wear masks for group activities. This applies to activities in the community and outings. Masks may be removed for eating and during time outdoors with social distancing in place. Activity team members are actively instructing residents about proper handwashing and hygiene precautions to reduce the risk of infection. Increased sanitization measures are in place. In the event of a COVID-19 outbreak, all group activities and outings will be canceled. Activity team members will provide daily in-room engagement opportunities. The team will communicate frequently with residents and encourage virtual visits with friends and family members to reduce the potential for social isolation. Contact the community if your loved one requires assistance with virtual visits—our team is happy to help!
0.997027	A machine-learning system developed by MIT researchers can help robots understand and perform certain social interactions. By Adam Zewe November 20, 2021 Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Courtesy: Chris Vavra, CFE Media and Technology Robots can deliver food on a college campus and hit a hole-in-one on the golf course, but even the most sophisticated robot can’t perform basic social interactions that are critical to everyday human life. MIT researchers have now incorporated certain social interactions into a framework for robotics, enabling machines to understand what it means to help or hinder one another, and to learn to perform these social behaviors on their own. In a simulated environment, a robot watches its companion, guesses what task it wants to accomplish, and then helps or hinders this other robot based on its own goals. The researchers also showed that their model creates realistic and predictable social interactions. When they showed videos of these simulated robots interacting with one another to humans, the human viewers mostly agreed with the model about what type of social behavior was occurring. Enabling robots to exhibit social skills could lead to smoother and more positive human-robot interactions. For instance, a robot in an assisted living facility could use these capabilities to help create a more caring environment for elderly individuals. The new model may also enable scientists to measure social interactions quantitatively, which could help psychologists study autism or analyze the effects of antidepressants. “Robots will live in our world soon enough, and they really need to learn how to communicate with us on human terms. They need to understand when it is time for them to help and when it is time for them to see what they can do to prevent something from happening. This is very early work and we are barely scratching the surface, but I feel like this is the first very serious attempt for understanding what it means for humans and machines to interact socially,” says Boris Katz, principal research scientist and head of the InfoLab Group in MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and a member of the Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines (CBMM). Joining Katz on the paper are co-lead author Ravi Tejwani, a research assistant at CSAIL; co-lead author Yen-Ling Kuo, a CSAIL PhD student; Tianmin Shu, a postdoc in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; and senior author Andrei Barbu, a research scientist at CSAIL and CBMM. The research will be presented at the Conference on Robot Learning in November. A social simulation To study social interactions, the researchers created a simulated environment where robots pursue physical and social goals as they move around a two-dimensional grid. A physical goal relates to the environment. For example, a robot’s physical goal might be to navigate to a tree at a certain point on the grid. A social goal involves guessing what another robot is trying to do and then acting based on that estimation, like helping another robot water the tree. The researchers use their model to specify what a robot’s physical goals are, what its social goals are, and how much emphasis it should place on one over the other. The robot is rewarded for actions it takes that get it closer to accomplishing its goals. If a robot is trying to help its companion, it adjusts its reward to match that of the other robot; if it is trying to hinder, it adjusts its reward to be the opposite. The planner, an algorithm that decides which actions the robot should take, uses this continually updating reward to guide the robot to carry out a blend of physical and social goals. “We have opened a new mathematical framework for how you model social interaction between two agents. If you are a robot, and you want to go to location X, and I am another robot and I see that you are trying to go to location X, I can cooperate by helping you get to location X faster. That might mean moving X closer to you, finding another better X, or taking whatever action you had to take at X. Our formulation allows the plan to discover the ‘how’; we specify the ‘what’ in terms of what social interactions mean mathematically,” Tejwani said. Blending a robot’s physical and social goals is important to create realistic interactions, since humans who help one another have limits to how far they will go. For instance, a rational person likely wouldn’t just hand a stranger their wallet, Barbu says. The researchers used this mathematical framework to define three types of robots. A level 0 robot has only physical goals and cannot reason socially. A level 1 robot has physical and social goals but assumes all other robots only have physical goals. Level 1 robots can take actions based on the physical goals of other robots, like helping and hindering. A level 2 robot assumes other robots have social and physical goals; these robots can take more sophisticated actions like joining in to help together. Evaluating the model To see how their model compared to human perspectives about social interactions, they created 98 different scenarios with robots at levels 0, 1, and 2. Twelve humans watched 196 video clips of the robots interacting, and then were asked to estimate the physical and social goals of those robots. In most instances, their model agreed with what the humans thought about the social interactions that were occurring in each frame. “We have this long-term interest, both to build computational models for robots, but also to dig deeper into the human aspects of this. We want to find out what features from these videos humans are using to understand social interactions. Can we make an objective test for your ability to recognize social interactions? Maybe there is a way to teach people to recognize these social interactions and improve their abilities. We are a long way from this, but even just being able to measure social interactions effectively is a big step forward,” Barbu said. Toward greater sophistication The researchers are working on developing a system with 3D agents in an environment that allows many more types of interactions, such as the manipulation of household objects. They are also planning to modify their model to include environments where actions can fail. The researchers also want to incorporate a neural network-based robot planner into the model, which learns from experience and performs faster. Finally, they hope to run an experiment to collect data about the features humans use to determine if two robots are engaging in a social interaction. “Hopefully, we will have a benchmark that allows all researchers to work on these social interactions and inspire the kinds of science and engineering advances we’ve seen in other areas such as object and action recognition,” Barbu said. “I think this is a lovely application of structured reasoning to a complex yet urgent challenge,” said Tomer Ullman, assistant professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University and head of the Computation, Cognition, and Development Lab, who was not involved with this research. “Even young infants seem to understand social interactions like helping and hindering, but we don’t yet have machines that can perform this reasoning at anything like human-level flexibility. I believe models like the ones proposed in this work, that have agents thinking about the rewards of others and socially planning how best to thwart or support them, are a good step in the right direction.” This research was supported by the Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines; the National Science Foundation; the MIT CSAIL Systems that Learn Initiative; the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab; the DARPA Artificial Social Intelligence for Successful Teams program; the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; the U.S. Air Force Artificial Intelligence Accelerator; and the Office of Naval Research. – Edited by Chris Vavra, web content manager, Control Engineering, CFE Media and Technology, [email protected]. 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0.984969	On a recent early morning, I awoke as usual to darkness. Walking into the kitchen, I thought ‘Who turned the lights on?’ A wide streak of bright orange played across the windows. It took a few minutes to realize this was a most unusual rainbow. When I made a morning stop up the road, a neighbor asked me, “Did you see the Orange Rainbow?” The remarkable part of this was the lack of rain the night before, or that morning. When I returned home and prepared to throw down corn chips to my family of black birds, for the first time I noticed a small hawk standing on the wires. The hawk was paying no attention to the six black birds that appeared and flew off with chips in their beaks. The hawk was steadfastly watching me in the window. None of this surprised me, because I’m well acquainted with signs of all kinds. I think it began when my baby brother Andy died in a motorcycle crash at an early age. I hired a mason to use the stones from the stone walls surrounding my house at the time, to build an Irish cairn in our backyard and planted a weeping cherry tree in front of the house. An arborist told me the weeping cherry would not flourish at the bottom of the steep hill with the type of soil there. But it did. That was the beginning of bunnies that appeared to me. I walked my dog up the road every morning, and the next day after planting the weeping cherry tree, my Pomeranian stopped in her tracks. She was staring at a bunny that came out of the woods and was staring at me. When my dog barked, the bunny disappeared so fast I wondered if I imagined it. Most Popular Rare snowy owl spotted in CT for second time in month Lamont: Connecticut considers COVID passport system for businesses CT meteorologists predict winter outlook for 2021-22 CIAC high school football playoff quarterfinals 2021 live updates and results The 2021 CIAC high school football playoff scoreboard / schedule Former UConn star Napheesa Collier announces pregnancy: ‘I have always wanted to be a mom’ Spoelstra’s OT kick sends St. Joseph football past Hand into Class L semifinal Longest running high school football rivalries in CT Some of the longest running high school football rivalries in the country are right here in Connecticut, many of which are played on Thanksgiving. I did my own walk then, in a nearby park. Halfway through, I heard rustling in a low bush and slowed my pace. When a bunny hopped out and stopped in front of me, I asked “Andy, is that you?” After a short pause, the cottontail ran back into the bush. Now I realize that not everyone understands my crazy enthusiasm and beliefs, but there are some manifestations that are generally accepted by many people. Case in point: finding a bird feather on your path is a gift from a loved one who has passed. I take it a little further and pick up the feather to add to my collection. Basically, I believe that every strange occurrence we encounter is a puzzle for us to decipher, and if not in this lifetime, then the next. Most Popular Rare snowy owl spotted in CT for second time in month Lamont: Connecticut considers COVID passport system for businesses CT meteorologists predict winter outlook for 2021-22 CIAC high school football playoff quarterfinals 2021 live updates and results The 2021 CIAC high school football playoff scoreboard / schedule Former UConn star Napheesa Collier announces pregnancy: ‘I have always wanted to be a mom’ Spoelstra’s OT kick sends St. Joseph football past Hand into Class L semifinal Longest running high school football rivalries in CT Some of the longest running high school football rivalries in the country are right here in Connecticut, many of which are played on Thanksgiving.
0.999997	Emerald MacDonald played the role of Miranda in 2018's 'The Grizzlies'. (THE CANADIAN PRESS/Christopher Katsarov) Share: Reddit Share Text: KUGLUKTUK, NUNAVUT -- Mounties in Nunavut have charged a man with first-degree murder in the May death of actress Emerald MacDonald. RCMP say Scott Hala was arrested Friday, and is also charged with attempted murder of another woman. His arrest comes more than five months after MacDonald was found dead at a cabin outside Kugluktuk, the westernmost community in Nunavut. Police have said MacDonald, also known as "Baboo," was last seen buying supplies in the community on April 30 before she travelled to her family's cabin by snowmobile. MacDonald was best known for portraying Miranda in the 2018 Canadian sports drama film "The Grizzlies," based on the true story of a lacrosse team in Kugluktuk, a hamlet of about 1,500 people and the westernmost community in Nunavut. Police did not say whether Hala and MacDonald knew each other, nor did they provide details of allegations that led to the attempted murder charge. This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 16, 2021. RELATED IMAGES view larger image People placed signs, a pair of shoes and a candle outside the Iqaluit RCMP detachment on Thursday, June 3, 2021, during a walk calling for justice for Nunavut actress Emerald MacDonald, who was found dead outside Kugluktuk on May 3. (THE CANADIAN PRESS / Emma Tranter) Related Stories Nunavut police ask for public's help in homicide investigation of 'Grizzlies' actor Share: Reddit Share Report an error Editorial standards and policies Why you can trust CTV News MORE NEWS FROM CANADA First cases of COVID-19 discovered in Canadian wildlife 8-year-old dead, Girl Guides' members among pedestrians struck in London, Ont. Airport COVID-19 testing for travellers arriving in Canada could start any time, minister says 'Adversity can bring out the best in people': Latest update on current storm and B.C. flood recovery Afghan refugees spending months in 'ghost' hotels without stable housing, school for kids December weather in B.C.: Potential record-breaking highs then flurries in the same week, forecast suggests
0.999993	White NYC woman who plowed BMW through 50 Manhattan BLM protesters REFUSES plea deal with sentence of six days community service and instead demands trial: Says activists began attacking luxury sedan as she drove down street Terrifying moment brazen robbers corner mother and her baby in driveway of her LA mansion as she waited for its electronic gates to close, with the pair stealing diaper bag and bottle cooler before fleeing in car 'We're working on it Peter!' Jen Psaki cracks joke to try to shut down Fox News reporter's question about Biden's broken promise to tackle COVID NYC's famed Tenement Museum faces backlash after it replaces story of white Irish immigrants with woke 'historically inaccurate' tale of black New Jersey family who NEVER lived in building What will the Squad have to say about that? Biden administration agrees to RESTART Donald Trump's 'Remain in Mexico' policy that will see asylum seekers forced to wait outside US while their claims are processed Kamala's office is hit by ANOTHER high level departure as chief spokeswoman who helped spearhead VP's approach to southern border crisis quits amid whispering campaign over Harris's presidential prospects Major League Baseball heads for lockout after collective bargaining agreement expires with no new deal in place: Tussle between MLB bosses and players' union could lead to the first World Series cancelation since 1995 Dow swings nearly 1,000 points in wild trading after first US case of Omicron was confirmed and Fed finally admitted it may have to take tough measures on inflation Dr Fauci warns Americans might have to receive COVID vaccine EVERY YEAR - but says it's still safe to travel for the holidays despite arrival of Omicron Biden to extend plane, bus and train mask mandate until March 18 amid the spread of the Omicron variant as the rule was set to expire in mid-January Fauci insists travel bans and restrictions will only be TEMPORARY - but can't answer why flights were stopped from a country with no Omicron cases and testing border crossers is a 'different matter' Chicago DROPS vaccine mandate lawsuit against police union after Mayor Lori Lightfoot was humiliated by judge's order suspending her deadline to get the shots Revealed: Triple-vaccinated Israeli doctor who believes he caught Omicron Covid variant in London at conference attended by 1,250 people on 23 November - just as new strain was discovered in Africa AOC criticizes the Republican's 'Ku Klux Klan' caucus and claims Kevin McCarthy has failed to hold anyone accountable for Lauren Boebert's terrorist jokes and death threats to Ilhan Omar Newly-released clip shows suspected Capitol rioter wailing 'I'm a piece of sht! I'm sorry!' while being interrogated over claims he TASERED cop during January 6 violence Committee probing January 6 attack votes to hold Trump-era Justice Department official Jeffrey Clark in contempt of Congress Tom Brady believes son Jack, 14, will 'someday' play football for his alma mater Michigan... though wife Gisele Bundchen wants the boy to 'be what he wants to be' Jeff Zucker 'hit the roof' on learning of Chris Cuomo's meddling texts to help ex-NY Governor brother Andrew fight sex pest claims, with the star's 'lies' prompting his sudden suspension, as insiders predict he'll NEVER return Disgraced CNN star Jeffrey Toobin is slammed over tweet warning Supreme Court could ax Roe V Wade: Critics highlight claims Zoom masturbator once tried to pressure his former mistress into having a termination Ricky Gervais reveals he's releasing his first 'serious' song in 40 years after recording a single for After Life season three Former child star Jonshel Alexander, 22, who appeared in Oscar-nominated 2012 movie Beasts of the Southern Wild is killed after being shot while she sat in a car in New Orleans Former Hillsong pastors are set to lift the lid on 'corruption and scandal' inside controversial megachurch for 'explosive' new docuseries - alongside woman who had a five-month affair with disgraced leader Carl Lentz Judge reduces fine El Chapo's wife has to pay by $1 million - a day after she was sentenced to just three years in prison for aiding jailed drug kingpin Florida stepdad LIED about school staff forcing girl, 7, with Down syndrome to wear face mask by tying it to her head for six weeks: Cops discovered he'd staged photos, but decline to press charges Previous Next Amazing scans show how cancer patient's 70 lethal tumours disappeared in just 12 weeks thanks to pioneering drug Ian Brooks, 47, was battling a rare form of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Had been given just weeks to live after all other treatment options failed Was first person outside out U.S. to try the the drug Brentiximab Vedotin Drug works by destroying potentially deadly cancer cells from the inside Doctor: 'This is probably the most impressive set of scans I’ve ever seen' Mr Brooks is now clear of the tumours and in remission By Jaya Narain for MailOnline Published: 08:05 EST, 25 February 2014 \| Updated: 19:48 EST, 25 February 2014 e-mail 232 View comments Ian Brooks, 47, was battling with a rare form of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, a cancer affecting the immune system Suffering from a rare and aggressive form of cancer, Ian Brooks was given only weeks to live. With around 70 tumours throughout his body, doctors admitted they had almost run out of treatment options. But incredibly Mr Brooks, 47, is now in ‘complete remission’ after he became the first person outside the US to receive a new tumour-busting drug. These pictures show how far the Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma had spread, with almost every area of his body showing clusters of tumours. But the second scan taken after only a few weeks on the US drug Brentuximab Vedotin shows an amazing improvement. All the tumours have been eradicated. The only dark spots visible on the scan show the normal functioning of his kidneys and bladder. The clinical trial at The Christie Hospital in Manchester has been so successful that the drug has been made routinely available to other sufferers. Now NHS patients with the same rare form of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma can get the drug through the Cancer Drugs Fund. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a cancer which involves the lymph nodes, with the NHS treating around 1,500 new cases a year. Mr Brooks, an engine repair technician from Bolton, said: ‘I don’t think I would be here today without that drug. ‘My specialist was so excited when he saw the results that he showed me them straight away. I had 60 or 70 tumours and they had gone.’ He had a rare form of Non-Hodgkin’s called Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Brentuximab Vedotin targets this strain of the disease and can put patients into ‘complete remission’ when there would otherwise be few treatment options available. Scans of Mr Brook's body before and after treatment. The left shows him riddled with 60-70 tumours from Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. The right scan is 12 weeks after he became the first person outside the U.S. to have a pioneering cancer drug. The black dots are his kidney and his bladder WHAT IS BRENTUXIMAB? The drug Adcetris, the trade name for Brentuximab Vedotin, is administered through a drip into the arm every three weeks for up to a year. Part of a new wave of targeted therapy, it homes in on a protein on the surface of cancer cells, where it sticks and delivers a drug that kills the cell. It is offered to patients who have no other options left, and trials show that in up to a third of cases it eradicates all signs of the cancer. It can still come back, but some patients have survived for more than three years, which has led to talk of a possible cure. Adcetris can have serious or possibly life-threatening side effects including a rare brain infection. It was given conditional approval by the European drug watchdog in 2012. Mr Brooks was diagnosed in 2001 and at first responded well to treatment, but in 2008 the cancer returned. He had a stem cell transplant, but once again the cancer returned and spread ferociously. Given only weeks to live, he volunteered to take part in the clinical trial. ‘I knew I needed something pretty radical in order to survive,’ he said. He began to show improvements within 24 hours of starting the drug and consultants at The Christie, the largest specialist cancer centre in Europe, were amazed when they looked at his scans. After only 12 weeks of treatment they found his body was clear of tumours and now believe he is in ‘complete remission’. His doctor, Dr Adam Gibb, a clinical research fellow in lymphoma at The Christie, said: ‘The drug can be administered rapidly and has few side effects. 'This is probably the most impressive set of scans I’ve seen. Ian was really up against it. He is in remission and we are increasingly confident about him.’ Professor John Radford, research and development director at The Christie, said: ‘Stories such as this illustrate the value of clinical trials. Individual patients can benefit and the knowledge we acquire allows us to move on to the next stage in developing the treatments of tomorrow. ‘I hope that more patients will ask their doctors about clinical trial opportunities.’ Mr Brooks went on to have a bone marrow transplant. This week he was discharged from his treatment at The Christie. He said: ‘I can’t thank the NHS and the hospital enough. They gave me back my life.’ Mr Brooks before his treatment, with approximately 60-70 tumours from his cancer. He had just weeks to live after all other treatments have failed A scan of his body after 12 weeks of treatment with the powerful drug Brentuximab. Commenting on Mr Brooks' scans, Dr Adam Gibb, clinical research fellow in lymphoma at The Christie Hospital, said: 'This is probably the most impressive set of scans I've ever seen' Mr Brooks with his partner Rose. He said: 'It feels like I've got someone watching over me because after all of the treatment and tumours I've had, I'm still here' Mr Brooks is now clear of the tumours and in remission. He said: 'I'm massively grateful to everyone who helped me' Advertisement Share or comment on this article: Brentiximab Vedotin removes cancer patient's 70 lethal tumours in 12 weeks e-mail Most watched News videos Duchess of Sussex's lawyer says Meghan 'didn't bully staff' Brierfield man shot in face at point-blank range by terrifying thug Terrifying moment sex-crazed elephant overturns safari jeep Prince Harry features in a campaign for People's Vaccine Jenny Harries: Brits shouldn't socialise with people unless necessary Man Tasered by police after trespassing on the grounds of Parliament How to pronounce Omicron? The BBC gives you some idea 'He's gotten more liberal': Trump disagrees with Boris' green stance Footage shows drunk driver asleep at wheel in Gloucestershire Matt Hancock confesses to 'blowing up every part of his life' CCTV captures Silipa Keresi before her baby was found dead Delivery driver launches parcel over fence giving pensioner BLACK EYE Comments 232 Share what you think Newest Oldest Best rated Worst rated View all The comments below have been moderated in advance. View all The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Bing Site Web Enter search term: Search Advertisement Follow DailyMail Subscribe Daily Mail Follow @dailymail Follow DailyMail Follow MailOnline Follow Daily Mail DON'T MISS I'm A Celeb 2021: 'I got Wayne a cast of my ae!' Frankie Bridge reveals her X-rated gift to husband... who later shares a photo of her replica bottom! 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Ad Feature Victoria Beckham unveils her Christmas playlist - including Spice Girls, a shout-out to Elton John AND the song that beat her solo single to number one Advertisement 'I think I'd get some empathy': Richard Bacon says if his cocaine scandal happened today people in their twenties would 'sympathise' with him Kylie Minogue commands attention in shimmering gold lamé two-piece at surprise intimate gig with Years & Years' Olly Alexander at London hotel Rita Ora strips off and poses NUDE in a mirrored changing room before flashing her killer abs in sizzling snaps Halsey introduces baby son Ender to close friends BTS as she visits South Korean boyband backstage during their Permission To Dance tour Leigh-Anne Pinnock shares rare snap with three-month-old baby as she breastfeeds moments before hitting the red carpet in a risqué gown Alessandra Ambrosio teases a glimpse of her underboob in tiny black crop-top for sultry shot from her new coffee table book 'I am so madly in love with you': Brooklyn Beckham makes MORE romantic proclamations about fiancée Nicola Peltz after taking sizzling lingerie snap Cristiano Ronaldo 'could be hauled in front of Italian prosecutors as part of their investigation into Juventus' financial dealings' Alan Cumming's celebrity confessions: Actor reveals how he crashed JLo's 2001 wedding and praised Jessica Lange's breasts in candid memoir She's got s-EX appeal! 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This Tower air fryer with 9,000 five-star reviews is reduced by £20 on Amazon following the Cyber Monday sales Promoted Norah Jones and Mickey Guyton belt out some festive tunes at the 89th Lighting of the Rockefeller Christmas Tree in New York City Nicole Kidman cuts a stylish figure in a blazer and jeans as she steps out in New York City - as Being the Ricardos gets rave reviews Alessandra Ambrosio steps out in LA with a copy of her new coffee table book in hand that features artistic nude snaps of the model Draya Michele sizzles in a busty green blouse and spandex shorts as she steps out in Los Angeles The Masked Singer: Faith Evans reveals identity after performing as Skunk in Group A finals on Fox Advertisement Sean Penn sports a mustache as he's seen smoking a cigarette in Miami ... six weeks after estranged wife Leila George filed for divorce Lala Kent says her 'head was in the sand' as she breaks her silence on ex-fiance Randall Emmett and cheating allegations: 'I don't know how I didn't see a lot of this st'' Will-ing them to win against the odds! 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Veteran showbiz star beams with delight after receiving knighthood from Princess Anne 'My legs, my bowel, my bladder - all gone': Storm Keating details her terror after becoming temporarily paralysed Chris Hemsworth purchases a '$15million oceanfront' site in Tasmania after 'driving up house prices' in the Northern Rivers by buying properties Elizabeth Hurley, 56, slips into another racy Versace dress for sizzling shoot - 27 years after wowing in THAT safety pin dress Stunning Mariska Hargitay halts Law & Order: SVU shoot to politely quiet disruptive street performer in Washington Square Park in viral video Carla Bruni exudes glamour in a black gown as she joins ab-flashing Tina Kunakey at Bulgari hotel opening Stunning Princes William and Harry stay apart while holding 'joint' event for Diana Award winners: Duke of Cambridge meets face-to-face while Duke of Sussex holds Zoom meeting Game of Thrones prequel cost $30 MILLION for just one pilot episode... but it was AXED because HBO bosses ruled it didn't 'deliver' Ashley Benson sports a colorful jacket and black sweats as she stocks up on dog food at a pet shop in LA Ashley sported a cream jacket Advertisement Ex EastEnders star Melissa Suffield strips down to her lingerie as she encourages fans to 'stay away from the scales' this Christmas Body confidence post Victoria's Secret vet Behati Prinsloo shows off her supermodel curves in a skimpy black bikini while on the beach in Miami EDEN CONFIDENTIAL: J.K. Rowling's agent sues over tax dodge Miley Cyrus makes Forbes 30 Under 30 list AGAIN... a week after turning 29: 'It was now or never' The 29-year-old gushed about the achievement Chloe Ferry shares a busty selfie as she pines for her French Bulldog pup Ivy while away on holiday She's been living it up on a sunsoaked getaway Awkwafina will take on Count Dracula as she joins Nicolas Cage and Nicholas Hoult in Universal's monster movie Renfield Elsa Pataky goes sightseeing in Venice with sister-in-law Silvia Serra after her romantic trip to the Czech Republic with husband Chris Hemsworth 'They are really going after him tonight!' I'm A Celebrity fans howling as Ant and Dec make SAVAGE dig at 'dishevelled' Boris Johnson' Diversity's Ashley Banjo reveals shock extent of abuse after controversial BLM dance and admits 'it consumed every moment' TOWIE's Chloe Sims smoulders in busty white corset teamed with matching skin-tight trousers and gloves as she attends beauty bash Advertisement Designer Tom Ford reveals his VERY strict wardrobe rules for nine-year-old son Jack - admitting he won't let him wear shorts to school Kim Kardashian puts her killer curves front and center in two sexy bodysuits as she showcases the latest additions to her SKIMS range Glowing Lisa Armstrong, 44, continues to showcase her epic weight loss in a figure-skimming tee and glittery skirt as she steps out in Leeds Troubled Sheridan Smith put £1.5million home she shared with ex-fiancé Jamie Horn on the market days before horror crash Model Georgia Fowler says motherhood is 'much easier' than she envisioned... three months after welcoming her first child Love Island's Ellie Brown rocks blue PVC trousers as she joins glam Mary Bedford at Primark Christmas bash Ellie made sure all eyes were on her Lisa Vanderpump mourns the loss of her golden retriever Rumpy who died from cancer: 'We will always love him' Trisha Goddard, 63, credits hot flushes from menopause with helping her to go out running in freezing conditions The legendary presenter, 63, spoke out Jonah Hill sports bushy beard and long hair as he gets into character as rock legend Jerry Garcia on set of Martin Scorsese's Grateful Dead biopic Jenna Coleman makes a statement in furry blue coat and pretty collared dress as she joins typically stylish Alexa Chung at fashion bash Advertisement Henry Cavill is every inch the doting son as he brings his glamorous mother Marianne as his date to The Witcher season 2 premiere I'm A Celebrity viewers plummet by 3MILLION on last year as show returns to screens after being forced off air due to Storm Arwen Molly-Mae Hague flaunts her stylish clothes and Chanel accessories on social media during Budapest trip... after £800k burglary at her home Tom Brady believes son Jack, 14, will 'someday' play football for Michigan... though wife Gisele Bundchen wants the boy to 'be what he wants to be' Whitney Port looks stylish in white and beige outfit as she and husband Tim Rosenman shop at cannabis dispensary Sweet Flower in LA Paris Jackson recalls childhood memories of godmother Elizabeth Taylor who had her eighth and last wedding at Michael Jackson's Neverland Ranch Gigi Hadid cuts a casual figure as she arrives in Mallorca with her entourage for a getaway - after Zayn Malik and Yolanda Hadid altercation La La Anthony is dwarfed by her towering 14-year-old son Kiyan... but lovingly teases 'I'll still knock him out if I need to!' Nick Jonas shares sweet video of wife Priyanka Chopra as the two celebrate their third wedding anniversary The doting husband kept his caption simple Cara Delevingne joins the cast of hit Hulu comedy series Only Murders In The Building starring Selena Gomez for its second season One to watch Advertisement Late Chanel designer Karl Lagerfeld's 'dearest friend' opens the doors to his lavish Paris home - revealing priceless treasures that are going up for auction Lily Allen wraps up in a lime green cardigan and checkerboard jumper after defiantly displaying her slender frame at the Fashion Awards Olivia Rodrigo tops Spotify's year-end chart with Driver's License earning most-streamed title... as rapper Bad Bunny earns top artist of 2021 Teresa Giudice's former New Jersey mansion back on market for $2.25M after pending offer falls through Kaley Cuoco admits to feeling sad as she turns 36: 'Sometimes it's okay to not feel totally okay' Rita Moreno dated Elvis Presley after catching then-beau Marlon Brando cheating on her: 'It was wonderful' Bake Off judge Prue Leith, 81, poses as she gets her Covid booster jab - after Boris Johnson renewed calls for the public to get vaccinated 'I'm just glad that she is solo': Harry Hamlin weighs in on daughter Amelia Gray's split from Scott Disick and says she is 'doing great' on her own Strictly's Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice look in high spirits at It Takes Two after pro revealed they already feel 'like winners' of the show Henry Cavill cuts a dapper figure as he joins glamorous co-star Anna Shaffer - who wows in an electric blue dress - at The Witcher season two premiere Advertisement Kris Jenner cuts a chic figure in an all-black ensemble as she, Tommy Hilfiger and Dee Ocleppo leave their hotel after whirlwind London visit Chrissy Teigen gets into pajama party mode with husband John Legend as they celebrate her 36th birthday bash in robes Fun times Molly-Mae Hague showcases dramatic physical transformation as she shares photos taken two years apart after dissolving her fillers Renee Zellweger and Ant Anstead step out for casual dinner date with his son Hudson in New Orleans The 52-year-old actress sported a casual outfit Snug socialite! Lady Amelia Windsor oozes winter chic in cosy clashing prints at London party Amelia, 26, is 43rd in the line of succession Bindi Irwin makes a sweet promise to her brother Robert as she pays tribute to him on his 18th birthday The wildlife warrior, 23, posted a picture of herself 'I wish!' Carol Vorderman left aghast as she is mistaken for LADY GAGA in stunning Vogue shoot 'I found the love of my life': Sandra Bullock hails boyfriend Bryan Randall as a 'saint' and praises him for helping raise her two adopted children Heather Dubrow reveals she wanted to return to RHOC to show America 'our version of a normal family' after her teen daughter Max came out as bisexual Vanessa Hudgens shows off her toned derriere in a tight-fitting athleisure outfits from Kate Hudson's Fabletics Vanessa looked incredible Advertisement Michael B. Jordan gushes about relationship with Lori Harvey as he talks about scrutiny with going public: 'I finally found what love was' Victoria Beckham, 47, proves she is more flexible than EVER as she pulls her signature pose in picture... before poking fun at her unsociable son Cate Blanchett and Kevin Kline sign on to star in new AppleTV+ thriller Disclaimer directed by Alfonso Cuaron One to watch Transgender reality star Jazz Jennings admits she was in a 'dark, dark place' while documenting her 100 lb. weight gain and eating disorder 'I don't want to be worshipped': Dolly Parton, 75, reflects on why celebrity culture makes her 'cringe' Beloved American icon Kendall Jenner looks hot to trot while posing for her latest fashion campaign at horse ranch Kendall looked fantastic Kim has 'suppressed anger' towards Kanye while he is 'keen to challenge' romance with Pete Davidson, body language expert claims 'St. Nickerless is definitely coming!' Lizzie Cundy sets pulses racing as she dons white lace lingerie while posing for sizzling snap Demi Rose sizzles as she showcases her ample cleavage in a black thong and diamante suspenders before changing into a skintight nude bodysuit Sandra Bullock reveals she struggled with PTSD after her home was invaded in 2014 - and turned to EMDR therapy (the same as Prince Harry) Emily Ratajkowski looks chic in Miu Miu jacket and skirt as she cuddles up with son Sylvester, eight months, in cute snaps Sweet 'The way they handled things was disgusting!' Nicole Bass would NEVER return to TOWIE after axe and admits she wants to go on a show that 'respects her talent' Jen Shah argues fraud case should be THROWN OUT because 'jury pool is tainted by remarks federal agents made on Hulu doc about the scandal' Selling Sunset's Mary Fitzgerald, 41, kisses husband Romain Bonnet, 28, during cosy walk in London after revealing plans to freeze embryos 'Snoremas!' Liam Gallagher brands Christmas at Noel's house 'boring' as he reveals warring siblings won't spend the festive period together 'We make great artists': Euphoria's Hunter Schafer talks being trans in the acting world... as she goes braless in sheer top for Harper's Bazaar Dax Shepard explains how enforcing a 'no TV for the weekend' ban for his daughters ended up being a 'barbaric punishment' for him and Kristen Bell Bachelor star Colton Underwood says he abused Xanax while struggling to 'suppress' his sexuality, admitting he 'hit rock bottom' and took 'a lot' of pills 'You're not running the NHS love': Carol Vorderman hits out at fitness influencer's dramatic workout clip... after she flaunts her own physique Anderson Cooper cradles his 19-month old son Wyatt sleeping on his chest as he shares tender beach snap Sweet Kate Nash announces new single and shares nostalgic snap of herself in a crop top leaving fans in a frenzy Kylie Minogue, 53, displays her enviable frame in floral catsuit as she poses for behind-the-scenes snaps before Fashion Awards performance Ben Affleck says it was 'beautiful' reconnecting with on-again flame Jennifer Lopez: 'It's a great story' Juliette Lewis and Ed Begley Jr sign on to join cast of the upcoming adaptation of Queer as Folk Holly Willoughby stuns in a festive sequinned red dress on This Morning... after 'signing a new contract to host the show until 2023' Emily Atack shares veiled post about 'moving away from what harms you' after 'Jack Grealish fling' as he 'battles to save his relationship' with Sasha Attwood Rhian Sugden reveals she is going to have some 'suspicious looking' moles on her abdomen removed next week Kim Kardashian and estranged husband Kanye West join daughter North on the front row at Louis Vuitton vigil for late designer Virgil Abloh America's Next Top Model vet Sarah Hartshorne claims she was only paid $40 A DAY as a contestant on Tyra Banks' hit reality show Jersey Shore's Mike 'The Situation' Sorrentino marks six years of sobriety: 'Today we celebrate being a champion' Feeling festive! Sophie Wessex dons a Christmas hairband as she helps make chocolate sculptures and wreaths on visit to a disability support centre Jeremy Clarkson is forced to change design plans for the expansion of Diddly Squat farm after being hit with more than 40 objections over fears of increased traffic in village Emmerdale 'hit with 74 Ofcom complaints' as unimpressed viewers criticise Ben Tucker's violent death at the hands of serial killer Meena Jutla 'It's a girl!' Matt Edmondson reveals he and wife Bryony are expecting their second child together and he thinks she will be born on Christmas Day Serena Williams and her mini-me daughter Olympia, 4, wear matching leopard-print pajamas in adorable snaps Lily Cole proudly reveals she recycled the dress she had on for the British Fashion Awards after first wearing it NINE years ago for a film premiere 'They look so clean!' I'm A Celebrity viewers are convinced Naughty Boy had a HAIRCUT in isolation after returning to the castle following hiatus Kate Ferdinand launches a support platform for blended families as she reflects on her personal struggles as a stepmother What HAS happened to Meghan and Harry's £18m Spotify podcast deal? Royal couple have produced NO content in 2021 despite promising shows Pregnant Chloe Goodman showcases her burgeoning baby bump in a stylish tan jumper dress as she steps out for her latest scan Amanda Byram, 48, shares first snap cradling her newborn son Phoenix as she gives him his first walk along the beach with husband Julian Okines Advertisement Today's headlines Most Read Boosters for all by JANUARY: Boris drafts in army, pays 'overworked' GPs £15 a jab and overtime to work... WHO recommends over-60s 'postpone travel' due to Omicron fears as CDC director says US is increasing COVID... FDA advisory committee recommends emergency use authorization of Merck's experimental drug - the first pill... Pfizer applies for FDA authorization of first COVID vaccine booster for kids: Shot would be available to... Experts say it is too early to worry about the Omicron variant in the US - but that people should still take... More than HALF of US employers have or will require COVID-19 vaccine mandates, survey finds Omicron Covid variant is unlikely to cause severe illness in people who have received the Pfizer vaccine,... Pregnant women with COVID-19 are 59 TIMES more likely to be admitted to the ICU and 40 TIMES more likely to... Merck says its antiviral COVID-19 pill should be effective against the Omicron variant as FDA panel decides... Americans under age 35 are FOUR TIMES as likely to be frequent marijuana users compared to seniors, study... Regeneron says its monoclonal antibody Covid treatment may be LESS effective against the Omicron variant Head of Moderna warns 'it will be MONTHS' before there is a specific jab to fight Omicron Health chiefs recall dozens of batches of common blood pressure pills because they contain cancer-causing... DON'T cancel Christmas parties! Boris contradicts public health chief who called for 'limit to festive... Could Omicron be GOOD news? Variant 'might speed up end of pandemic if it causes mild illness' as South... MORE HEADLINES CDC orders US airlines to turn over names of all passengers who've arrived this week from eight African countries facing Omicron travel restrictions Covid hospitalizations have increased 20% over the past three weeks as the US prepares for a possible holiday virus surge and the first case of the Omicron variant is detected in California Scientists build robot that uses CCTV cameras and thermal imaging to determine if people are following social distancing rules - and let them know when they are not complying Black health care workers were 30% less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine than their white colleagues in first four months of the shot's availability, study finds More than HALF of Americans say they prefer an in-person doctor's visit rather than telehealth care, study finds No10's new freebies for fitties scheme to launch in Wolverhampton where 250,000 people will be 'rewarded' with discount vouchers and cinema tickets if they exercise and eat healthy Omicron variant-specific COVID-19 booster shot could be ready as early as March, Moderna executive says MOST READ IN DETAIL MORE DON'T MISS Victoria Silvstedt, 47, looks incredible in a busty thong swimsuit as she soaks up the sun in St. Barts Rock legend and Celtic fan Sir Rod Stewart rips into Sky Sports pundit Roy Keane for being a 'bully' and 'far too aggressive' LeAnn Rimes flashes taut tummy and rocks a black sports bra while leaving a hair salon with a fresh blowout in LA Helen Flanagan is every inch the doting mother as she cradles baby son Charlie at clothing event in Manchester I'm A Celeb SPOILER: Naughty Boy is left raging as Adam and Simon mess up quiz questions about show history... leading to an avalanche of crickets Megan McKenna shows off her sensational style in a dramatic silver gown with a feathered trim as she storms the stage in Liverpool Tori Spelling still has 'major trust issues' with estranged husband Dean McDermott years after he cheated... as impending divorce rumors persist Dave Chappelle's high school stands by star and will go ahead naming its theatre after him despite controversy over his Netflix special The Closer 'We had the best laugh': Christine Lampard reveals she took her mother and sister with her on first date with husband Frank 'That's affected me': Judge Robert Rinder gets tearful over anti-loneliness video on Good Morning Britain Strictly Come Dancing's Amy Dowden reveals she's feeling 'so much better' after she was hospitalised following a Crohn's disease 'flare-up' 'If you go to a party, you f*ing rage': Dakota Johnson discusses returning to post-vaccine life as she poses for quirky shoot with Town & Country Peaky Blinders series 6 FIRST LOOK - 'I think I may have written your final act': Tom Hardy is BACK as Alfie Solomons in shadowy glimpse at final season Julia Lemigova kisses her tennis ace wife Martina Navratilova in new RHOM teaser... as she makes history as first openly lesbian Real Housewife Coronation Street SPOILER: Emma Brooker is pictured attending a mystery character's funeral in another shocking storyline Prince Harry compares Covid crisis to HIV as he blames 'corporate greed and political failure' for prolonging both and calls for manufacturers to share jab technology in new UN-backed video TOWIE sisters Frankie, Demi and Chloe Sims arrive at filming after 'REFUSING to shoot scenes with co-star Chloe Brockett following huge row' Leigh-Anne Pinnock admits she's 'just about functioning' after welcoming twins in August - after wowing at Boxing Day film premiere I'm A Celebrity fans left FUMING as show only extended for FIVE minutes after three days off-air due to Storm Arwen chaos And Just Like That.... first official trailer! SATC is back with a VERY saucy bang as Carrie talks public masturbation and gets steamy with Big Smell like royalty! Stephanie of Monaco launches new Princess of Hearts perfume with some of the proceeds going to her HIV charity - but it will cost £279 Rhian Sugden transforms into a VERY sexy Mrs Claus in a busty fur-trimmed Christmas dress for sizzling snap Dakota Fanning shares a glimpse from her sunny beach break to Capri after taking a break from filming the Showtime series Ripley Underwear-free Leigh-Anne Pinnock narrowly avoids a wardrobe malfunction in daring dress at Boxing Day premiere just weeks after welcoming twins Love Island's Jess Gale wows in a plunging wine dress as she joins leggy Francesca Allen and Belle Hassan for their management's festive bash Charlize Theron puts her beach body on full display in sexy orange-red swimsuit as she enjoys another beach day in Cabo San Lucas New dad Jamie has left the building! Redknapp and Freddie Flintoff wrap the new series of A League Of Their Own after dressing as ELVIS and joining Riverdance Viewers slam Sarah Beeny's New Life in the Country for being 'another show about how rich people spend their money' Vivica A. Fox, 57, showcases her incredible figure alongside Jeremy Meeks, 37, as they step out for the premiere of True To The Game 3 Carole Middleton reveals she has a 'very silly Christmas' in store for her grandchildren Prince George, Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis 'It could easily happen!' Craig Revel Horwood wants there to be FIVE Strictly judges next year - including Anton Du Beke AND Bruno Tonioli Chrissy Teigen turns 36! Star celebrates her birthday with an al fresco candlelit dinner complete with stunning ballet performance Lil Nas X goes shirtless in a silver skirt and cowboy hat as he takes to the stage for the iHeartRadio Jingle Ball Tour in Texas Pete Davidson watches the Knicks with sister Casey as girlfriend Kim Kardashian attends Louis Vuitton tribute with Kanye West Married At First Sight star Elizabeth Sobinoff shows off her VERY slender figure in lingerie after losing 10kg Ashley Roberts looks effortlessly stylish in colour blocked neutrals with a contrasting £1,275 Balenciaga skirt as she heads to work at Heart Radio Lizzo puts on a VERY cheeky display as she makes 'a art' while clad in a thong during fun painting session Michelle Keegan braves the freezing weather in a cropped jacket and jeans as she films Brassic series four in Manchester I'm A Celebrity 2021: 'It's satisfying!' Frankie Bridge leaves fans in hysterics as she reveals she breaks wind in her sleeping bag Georgia Fowler is the definition of sleek sophistication as she attends the Moët & Chandon event in Sydney with boyfriend Nathan Dalah 'Life with you:' Kourtney Kardashian shares steamy kiss with fiance Travis Barker as the PDA-packed pair soak in a jacuzzi during Palm Springs getaway Good Morning Britain host Ben Shephard is joined by wife Annie as couple enjoy a late night out at Dress for Success Power Gala and fundraiser Trevor Noah to return as host of 2022 Grammys Awards... as it will be the first time gala is held at soon to be renamed Crypto.com Arena Hilaria Baldwin reveals she's had 'heart-wrenching' conversations with her children about husband Alec's on-set Rust shooting Paul Scholes reveals he feared his non-verbal autistic son, 16, would have to go into care after some 'terrible times' as he opens up in BBC documentary Kim Kardashian keeps a low profile while picking up estranged husband Kanye West en route to runway show honoring late friend and designer Virgil Abloh 'It was the answer to my problems, and the cause of them': Edie Falco says she 'found her nirvana' with alcohol before going sober at 29 'I'm voting for him to do ALL the trials': Corrie star Simon Gregson's wife reveals she can't wait to watch him face his fears in I'm A Celebrity I'm A Celebrity's Beverley Callard, 64, shows off HUGE new tattoo as she gets four magnolias inked across her leg Jailhouse Roar! Katy Perry flawlessly channels Elvis Presley in a rhinestone-studded white jumpsuit to plug her upcoming Las Vegas residency I'm A Celeb 2021: 'I was never a fan of the limelight!' I'm A Celeb star Simon Gregson reveals he was 'beaten up and spat on' after joining Coronation Street at the age of 15 Doja Cat rocks a skimpy top while headlining the first stop of the iHeartRadio Jingle Ball Tour in Fort Worth, Texas Alessandra Ambrosio shows off her sculpted abs in a black crop top as Brazilian model leaves an LA gym after working holiday in Hawaii . 'Someone must be dead': Sheridan Smith's high-speed crash left witnesses fearing the worst after actress ploughed her £100,000 Range Rover into a tree 'I want my eight hours back!' The Beatles fans are divided over Peter Jackson's 'long and boring' docuseries Get Back... but director doggedly defends epic Madison Beer cuts a trendy figure in brown mini dress and black leather jacket as she enjoys dinner with boyfriend Nick Austin at Craig's Orlando Bloom puts on a dapper display in a pinstriped suit as Sofia Carson stuns in vintage Dior at UNICEF's 75th anniversary Britney Spears enjoys a low-key LA outing in her swanky white car... after regaining the freedom to drive following controversial conservatorship Annabelle Wallis and Matthew Goode ooze elegance as they step out for Silent Night screening in LA... as their co-star Keira Knightley battles Covid Nicky Hilton puts on a leggy display in a thigh-split sequinned gown as she joins husband James Rothschild for Footwear News Achievement Awards Prince William is 'frustrated' BBC is helping The Crown makers Netflix 'commercialise' infamous Martin Bashir interview Jessica Simpson, 41, looks thinner than ever in her skinny jeans as she shows off her figure... after losing 100lbs then giving up alcohol Kylie Jenner celebrates the 6th anniversary of Kylie Cosmetics... nearly a month after Travis Scott's deadly Astroworld Festival Danielle Lloyd shows off her post-baby body in a crop top just two weeks after giving birth to her daughter... after revealing she's open to having sixth child Miguel and his estranged wife Nazanin Mandi seem to be having a blast as they reunite while she recovers from eye surgery Selling Sunset's Mary Fitzgerald packs on the PDA as she shares a kiss with husband Romain Bonnett during London outing Pictured: Aaron Carter lays out on his driveway after sudden split from fiancée Melanie Martin... as he fears his family want to place him under a CONSERVATORSHIP Miley Cyrus cuts an edgy figure in all-black and combat boots as she gives the rock 'n roll salute outside music studio in Los Angeles Kerry Washington shares a behind-the-scenes snap from the set of her new directorial effort Reasonable Doubt Holly Willoughby 'staying put' on This Morning as she 'signs new contract until at least 2023'... after fans called for Josie Gibson to replace her Vin Diesel writes a heartfelt message to the late Paul Walker about their daughters... on the eighth anniversary of his tragic passing Katy Perry called fashion designer Katie Perry a 'dumb b***h' in bombshell emails after she made a bitter David vs Goliath trademark dispute, court hears Cristiano Ronaldo's elite cop twin brother bodyguards 'are investigated in Portugal for providing personal security without permission' 'I'm cancer-free:' Kathy Griffin talks about her health after having half of lung removed after doctors discovered she had a tumor A very unusual Yule: Coleen Nolan plans to spend Christmas Day with her ex-husband AND her new lover Dating a man she met online Maura Higgins smoulders in lace lingerie for latest Ann Summers campaign as she dresses up as VERY sexy Santa Clayton Echard FINALLY confirmed as the new Bachelor... as first season 26 teaser reveals kisses and tears Millie Mackintosh steps out with newborn Aurelia Violet for first time... hours after she and husband Hugo Taylor announced birth of second daughter Sandra Bullock shimmers in a sequined jumpsuit and a blazer as she leads the stars on the red carpet at the premiere of her Netflix drama The Unforgivable Paddy McGuinness reveals he spiralled into depression and threw himself into work as he struggled to cope with his children's autism diagnosis I'm A Celeb: 'Definitely the worst year yet!' Viewers fume over 'boring' episode as Ant and Dec address show's return and Kadeena Cox breaks down in tears Rihanna looks sensational in a plunging mini dress and blazer as she accepts her National Hero insignia at Barbados Republican celebrations in Bridgetown Katie Holmes flaunts tiny waist in Kate Spade dress for the fashion house's SS/22 presentation in Brooklyn Just like dad! Robert Irwin is the spitting image of his late father Steve as he celebrates his 18th birthday at Australia Zoo Gal Gadot cuts a casual figure as she steps out for shopping trip with her daughter in Los Angeles Aaron Paul sweetly carries his daughter Story in his arms as he and wife Lauren Parsekian do some shopping in Los Angeles 'Seriously!?' Viewers are left baffled by woke smoking warning displayed at the start of The Beatles: Get Back docuseries on Disney+ Warnings The Bachelorette: Michelle Young eliminates Rodney Matthews after 'hometown' dates in Minnesota Zac Efron's model ex-girlfriend Vanessa Valladares takes her dog for a walk as she catches up with friends in Byron Bay The Voice: Gwen Stefani and Blake Shelton proudly show off their wedding rings on results episode Megan Thee Stallion cancels upcoming Houston show 'out of respect for the lives lost' in Astroworld tragedy in which 10 people died Halle Berry lands a new overall deal with Netflix after her directorial debut Bruised debuts as the #1 film in the U.S. on the streaming service Billie Eilish speaks out about her three tattoos she has now... after vowing that she would 'never' do it Craig Revel Horwood says Covid helped him fall in love with Strictly all over again after virus forced him to miss first show in 17 years Nicole Kidman mourns the loss of Indigenous actor David Dalaithngu after Crocodile Dundee star dies aged 68 following a battle with lung cancer Maura Higgins puts on a busty display in thigh-skimming black dress as she makes glamorous appearance at festive fashion bash Stunning Dwayne Johnson and Ryan Reynolds' movie Red Notice is now the most watched movie in Netflix history after racking up 328 MILLION viewing hours Sandra Bullock puts her high-rise condo in West Hollywood's Sierra Towers on the market for $4.5 million... even as she keeps a second condo in same building Delta Goodrem is announced as Revlon's first ever Australian ambassador and says she is 'incredibly excited' to be joining makeup brand Pixie Lott flashes her toned midriff in white gown as she cosies up to Emma Weymouth - who stuns in a plunging yellow dress - at lavish charity auction Celebrity hairstylist Jen Atkin raised more than $81K for Los Angeles-based dog rescue in memory of her beloved dog Chewy who was killed by coyote Bye bye Barbados: Prince Charles leaves the Caribbean nation after its first day as a republic that saw Rihanna collect her surprise National Hero award Chrissy Teigen plants a kiss on husband John Legend as they celebrate her 36th birthday with a romantic stay at the Hotel Bel-Air Natalie Portman cuts a casual figure in a white T-shirt and black leggings as she takes her adorable dog Penny for a walk through a Los Feliz park 'Our kids haven't seen what we do': Blue reveal 20th anniversary tour 'is all about their children' and 'vow not to go back to their hard partying ways' Why streaming is still no match for TV: Netflix hit Squid Game comes 10th in list of most-watched shows... behind Strictly, Countryfile and Corrie CHRISTOPHER STEVENS reviews last night's TV: In the land of hot geysers, Coren gets more than a chilly reception Zendaya cuddles up with beau Tom Holland backstage at Ballon d'Or awards in Paris... after he raves about her 'unreal' and 'amazing' style Larsa Pippen is slammed for 'trying to be the new Kim Kardashian' in Real Housewives of Miami trailer... which also stars Martina Navratilova's wife Jason Biggs films a scene with Mariska Hargitay... then takes candid selfies on the set of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Christie Brinkley, 67, flaunts cleavage in ruby pantsuit for the Footwear News Achievement Awards in NYC Lucy Liu stuns in a metallic peplum evening gown at the UNICEF at 75 Celebration in New York City Dylan Penn commands attention in a leopard print coat as she films a scene with Reid Scott and Adam Pally for their comedy Charlie In The Pandemic in NYC It's deja view... again! BBC1's Christmas Day schedule is exactly the same as last year's - with a Strictly special, Mrs Brown's Boys and EastEnders all lined up Motley Crue has sold full catalog of recordings for an estimated $150M to BMG BMG's purchase spans the 40-year history Squid Game star Park Hae-soo signs on to star in the Korean adaptation of Netflix's Money Heist After starring in one of Netflix's biggest TV series Monica Bellucci, 56, looks typically chic in a figure-hugging black dress as she collects the Stella della Mole Award at Turin Film Festival Justin Hemmes' girlfriend Madeleine Holtznagel almost has a wardrobe malfunction in a VERY daring dress as she joins other models and influencers for a yacht party Jamie Redknapp enjoys his first outing with newborn son Raphael as he wraps up for a winter stroll with new wife Frida Andersson EDEN CONFIDENTIAL: Pandemic-hit Duncan Bannatyne wants £4million for his best hotel The hotel is housed in a 17th-century stately home Halle Berry celebrates her directorial debut Bruised becoming Netflix's number one film of the week as she dances around with a drink Gemma Collins dazzles in sequinned trousers teamed with a fur-trimmed shawl as she makes glamorous appearance at carol concert Money Heist's Ursula Corbero swaps her red jumpsuit for a racy cut out gown as she joins co-stars for season 5 photocall Stunning Look away, Jesy! Lucien Laviscount cosies up to Game Of Thrones' Hannah John-Kamen in yet another humiliating blow to Little Mix star Married At First Sight's Elizabeth Sobinoff's mystery man is revealed after she shared a steamy photo of them kissing GMB's Alex Beresford reveals he has been bed-ridden for a week due to Covid as he admits he had 'relaxed' his hand washing and mask wearing The Selling Sunset ladies have got competition! 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0.999662	Doomsday cult mom Lori Vallow and her husband Chad Daybell are indicted for murder \| Daily Mail Online Home U.K. News Sports U.S. Showbiz Australia Femail Health Science Money Video Travel Shop DailyMailTV Latest Headlines Supply Chain Crisis Covid-19 Prince Harry Meghan Markle World News Most read My Profile Logout Login Privacy Policy Feedback Thursday, Dec 2nd 2021 4AM 50°F 7AM 48°F 5-Day Forecast Advertisement White NYC woman who plowed BMW through 50 Manhattan BLM protesters REFUSES plea deal with sentence of six days community service and instead demands trial: Says activists began attacking luxury sedan as she drove down street Terrifying moment brazen robbers corner mother and her baby in driveway of her LA mansion as she waited for its electronic gates to close, with the pair stealing diaper bag and bottle cooler before fleeing in car 'We're working on it Peter!' 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A grand jury in Fremont County, Idaho on Tuesday returned a true bill indicting Lori and Chad on several counts, including first-degree murder, in connection with the deaths of Lori's kids, Joshua 'JJ' Vallow, seven, and Tylee Ryan, 16. Chad was also charged with the murder of his first wife, Tammy Daybell. Lori and Chad, who were allegedly leaders of a dangerous doomsday cult, were already behind bars awaiting trial on charges of conspiracy to hide the kids' remains. It is unclear what led to prosecutors filing the latest indictment now - more than a year and a half after the murders they are accused of committing. The charges come after Lori was declared 'indigent' by a district judge last Friday, meaning she cannot afford to pay for an attorney. Scroll down to read the full indictment Cult mom Lori Vallow and her husband Chad Daybell have been charged with murder, two years after the remains of her two children were found on their property Lori's kids Joshua 'JJ' Vallow, seven, and Tylee Ryan, 16, were last seen alive in September 2019, and their remains were discovered on her Idaho property last June Chad was also charged with the murder of his first wife, Tammy Daybell (pictured together) JJ and Tylee were last seen alive in September 2019, soon after Lori moved from Arizona to Idaho to live with Chad. According to the indictment, Lori switched Social Security payments from her daughter's account to her own account in mid-August. She allegedly continued to collect Social Security assistance checks worth $1,000 on behalf of the children for five months after their deaths. JJ and Tylee were receiving 'survivor' Social Security benefits, which entitle children of a deceased parent to up to half of the parent's full retirement benefits. JJ's adoptive father - and Lori's fourth husband - Charles Vallow died in July 2019 and Tylee's father - Lori's third husband - Joseph Ryan died in April 2018. Lori is charged with grand theft and insurance fraud for failing to alert the government of the kids' deaths while she continued collecting their benefits. Lori and Chad - the prolific Doomsday author, alleged cult leader and former grave digger whom she married less than two months after her kids vanished - had repeatedly refused to say where the children were but insisted that they were safe. Tammy purportedly died in her sleep aged 49 on October 19, 2019, at the home she shared with Chad in Salem, Idaho. Chad refused an autopsy at the time, despite the fact that his wife of nearly three decades was said to be in excellent health. According to the indictment, Chad increased the life insurance benefits to the maximum allowed under Tammy's policy just a month before her death. He reportedly ended up receiving a $430,000 payout. Investigators are seen searching the area of Chad's yard where they found JJ and Tylee's bodies on June 9, 2020 Lori Vallow makes a court appearance in a file photo Authorities began searching for Lori's children in late November 2019 after performing a welfare check ordered by concerned relatives who said they hadn't spoken to seven-year-old JJ, who was autistic, in months Timeline of JJ and Tylee's disappearance July 11, 2019: Lori Vallow's husband, Charles Vallow, is killed by her brother, Alex Cox, in Arizona. Police initially rule that Alex acted in self defense but reopen the case months later after the children are reported missing. August: Lori moves children JJ and Tylee to Rexburg, Idaho, where her future husband Chad Daybell lives with his wife Tammy. September 8: The last time Tylee is seen during a trip to Yellowstone National Park with Lori, JJ and Alex. In the following weeks she tells people who ask where Tylee is that she's studying at Brigham Young University's Idaho campus. September 23: The last time JJ is seen at his school in Rexburg. Lori emailed the school the following day and claims she is moving the family to California for a new job. October 2: Brandon Boudreaux, the ex-husband of Lori's niece Melanie Pawlowski, is targeted in a drive-by shooting in Arizona. Police identify the vehicle carrying the shooter as a Jeep registered to Charles Vallow, Lori's late husband. October 19: Chad's wife Tammy, 49, dies at their Idaho home. An obituary states that she passed away peacefully in her sleep. Chad declines an autopsy and her death is listed as natural causes. October 25: A friend of Tylee receives a vague 'miss you' text from her phone but says that it didn't sound like the teen. November 5: Lori and Chad tie the knot on a beach in Kauai. Receipts indicate that Lori purchased her own wedding ring from Amazon nearly three weeks prior to Tammy's death. November 26: Out-of-state relatives ask Idaho police to perform a welfare check on JJ. Lori and Chad claim he is in Arizona with relatives and ask their friend, Melanie Gibb, to lie and say she took the boy there for Thanksgiving. Police soon learn that no one has seen JJ, or his older sister Tylee, since September. November 27: Police execute a search warrant related to the children at Lori's home and discover that she and Chad have fled Idaho. December 11: Tammy's body is exhumed from a Utah cemetery and her death is reclassified as suspicious. December 12: Lori's brother, Alex Cox, is found unresponsive in a bathroom in Arizona and dies. Months later an autopsy determines that he died of natural causes while he had the overdose drug Narcan in his system. December 21: Rexburg police issue the first press release about JJ and Tylee, revealing they believe their disappearance could be linked to Tammy's death and asking the public for information. December 24: Lori and Chad issue a statement through an attorney saying they love their son and daughter and look forward to addressing 'allegations once they have moved beyond speculation and rumor'. December 30: Police accuse Lori and Chad of lying to investigators and say they believe the couple know where the kids are or what happened to them. January 3, 2020: Police search Chad's home in Salem and remove 43 items, including tech devices and journals. They also comb over sections of the snow-covered yard. January 26: Lori and Chad are seen for the first time in months as police serve them with two search warrants in Kauai. Lori is also served with a court order to produce the children to authorities in Idaho in five days. The couple are approached by the media while cops serve the documents and refuse to say anything about the kids. January 30: Lori misses the court deadline to produce the children to Idaho authorities. February 20: Lori is arrested in Kauai and charged with two felony counts for desertion and nonsupport of dependent children, and one misdemeanor count each for resisting and obstructing an officer, solicitation of a crime, and contempt of court. March 5: Lori is extradited to Idaho, where she is held on $1million bond at Madison County Jail. March 17: Lori professes her innocence in a statement through her attorney as two other members of her defense team quit and the judge removes himself from the case. March 24: Court documents filed in the divorce of Lori's niece Melani and her husband Brandon Boudreaux allege that Lori told people she believed her children were zombies before they disappeared. April 9: Authorities reveal they are investigating Lori and Chad for murder, attempted murder and conspiracy in connection with Tammy's death. May 25: Idaho police issue a statement expressing hope that the kids will be found safe on what would have been JJ's eighth birthday. June 9: Police search Chad's home in Salem for the second time and discover human remains in the backyard. Chad is taken into police custody and charged with destruction or concealment of evidence. May 25, 2021: Lori and Chad are charged with first degree murder in the deaths of the children. Chad is also charged with first-degree murder in the death of his wife Tammy. <!- - ad: https://mads.dailymail.co.uk/v7/us/news/none/article/other/mpu_factbox.html?id=mpu_factbox_1 - -> Advertisement He also espoused 'religious beliefs for the purpose of justifying and/or encouraging the homicide' the indictment states, noting that Chad wrote in text messages to Lori that Tammy was 'in limbo' and possessed by a spirit named Viola. Two weeks after the death of the mother-of-five Tammy, Chad married cult mom Lori, whose own husband, Charles, had died a few months earlier. Police launched an investigation into Tammy's death – and the death of Lori's fourth husband Charles – after a search was mounted for Lori's children JJ and Tylee in late 2019. Fremont County Coroner Brenda Dye asked a judge in Utah to have Tammy's body exhumed from its grave in Evergreen Cemetery in Springville, Utah - where Chad had once worked - after suspicions were raised. Tammy's body was exhumed on December 11, 2019, one day before the death of Lori's brother Alex Cox, who is named in the new indictment as a co-conspirator in Tammy's death. Chad and Lori are both charged with conspiracy to commit first degree murder and grand theft by deception and first degree murder. Chad is additionally charged with first degree murder, conspiracy to commit first degree murder, grand theft and insurance fraud in Tammy's death. They are both are scheduled to appear in Idaho court on Wednesday morning. Tylee vanished on September 8, 2019, just days before her 17th birthday. Investigators said her body was burned and dismembered before being buried sometime the following day. JJ was last seen two weeks later on September 23. His body was wrapped in duct tape and plastic and buried the same day, investigators said. Authorities believe Lori's brother, Cox, brought the children's bodies to Chad's home to dispose of them. Police began searching for the children in late November 2019 after performing a welfare check ordered by concerned relatives who said they hadn't spoken to seven-year-old JJ, who was autistic, in months. When officers first went to Lori's home in Idaho on November 26, she told them that JJ was visiting relatives in Arizona - which investigators say was a lie. Officers returned the following day and found that Lori and the man she married weeks earlier, Chad, had fled from the home. Authorities said the couple repeatedly lied about where JJ and Tylee were and refused to cooperate with the investigation. Lori and Chad were named persons of interest in the children's disappearance after investigators said they believe the mother knew where her children were or what happened to them. The case captured nationwide attention with the revelations that police were also investigating at least three mysterious deaths linked to Lori and Chad, as well as family members' claims that the couple are members of a dangerous doomsday cult. The first death is that of Lori's estranged husband Charles Vallow, who was shot dead by her brother Alex Cox in Arizona on July 10, 2019. Charles and Lori had gotten into an argument when the father came to pick up JJ at the mother's home in Chandler. Lori's brother intervened and fatally shot Charles. Police initially determined that he acted in self defense - but the case was reopened amid the multi-state search for JJ and Tylee, who had moved to Idaho, where Chad lived, with their mother weeks later. The second mysterious death was Tammy, who was found dead at the home she shared with Chad on October 19. An obituary stated that Tammy passed away in her sleep and her cause of death was ruled as natural after Chad reportedly declined an autopsy. Investigators reopened the case after learning that JJ and Tylee were missing, as their mother had married Chad just two weeks after Tammy died. On December 12, Lori's brother, Alex Cox, was found dead in Gilbert, Arizona. An autopsy determined that the 51-year-old's died of natural causes but noted that he had the overdose drug Narcan in his system at the time. Police tracked Lori and Chad down in Princeville, Hawaii, in late January 2020 and served the mother with a court order requiring her to physically produce the children to authorities in Idaho within five days. Lori failed to meet the deadline, prompting her arrest and extradition to Idaho, where she is currently being held at Madison County Jail in lieu of $1million bond. Chad was arrested three months later after the children's bodies were found. Prior to Tuesday's indictment, Lori was facing two felony counts of conspiracy to destroy or conceal evidence, as well as three misdemeanor counts of resisting or obstructing officers, solicitation to commit a crime and contempt of court. Chad was facing two felony counts of conspiracy to destroy or conceal evidence, along with two other felony counts for destruction or concealment of evidence. Both defendants pleaded not guilty to the initial charges and maintained their innocence. The couple were previously slated to face trial together this fall. It's unclear whether the trial will be moved in light of the new charges. Investigators believe Lori's brother Alex Cox was involved in the murders of JJ and Tylee. The trio are pictured at Yellowstone National Park on the day Tylee vanished in September 2019 When Lori married Chad she was still married to her fourth husband Charles Vallow (pictured together). Charles was shot dead by Lori's brother, Alex Cox, in July 2019 STATEMENT FROM TAMMY DAYBELL'S FAMILY As the parents and siblings of our dearly beloved Tammy, we want to make a brief statement in light of today’s news. First, we’d like to extend our continued love and heartfelt sympathy to the families of Tylee and JJ. Words cannot adequately express the depths of loss and pain that they are suffering, but we hope they know that they are not alone and we grieve and hold a place in our hearts with them at this time. In light of new information and forward movement in the judicial process, we ask for consideration of our family’s right to privacy and continued grieving as we process this. We’d especially ask that this consideration be extended to our dearest Tammy’s children and grandchildren. We want their lives to retain as much peace, normalcy and remembrance of their mother/grandmother as possible. No one knows how to handle this perfectly. We ask that we all be given the space to continue to honor and grieve our loved one the best we can. We’d like to thank the tireless efforts of law enforcement, the FBI, and all those who’ve continued to seek out the answers during the investigations surrounding Tylee, JJ and Tammy. We appreciate their pursuit of justice, and ultimately some measure of peace for those of us left in the wake of our loss. Thank you to all those family, friends, and supporters near and far who have continually reached out to us. We thank those who’ve shown interest in honoring Tammy’s legacy with us through our beginning efforts with the Tammy Douglas Daybell Foundation. We pray that truth will prevail, and that all of us left behind will find a way to pick up the pieces and somehow come out of this crucible together. Courtesy: East Idaho News Tammy Daybell is pictured prior to her death <!- - ad: https://mads.dailymail.co.uk/v7/us/news/none/article/other/mpu_factbox.html?id=mpu_factbox_2 - -> Advertisement Over the course of the search for the kids several people who knew Lori and Chad came forward with claims that the pair were members of a 'cult' called Preparing a People, which was dedicated to bracing for the end of the world. The organization aimed to distance themselves from Chad and Lori as the missing children's case made headlines, allegedly fearing that misconceptions about Preparing a People could cause members to be excommunicated from the LDS Church. At the core of the couple's beliefs was the idea that they were prophets sent to earth by God to lead the 'chosen 144,000' into the New Millennium on July 22, 2020, according to court documents and accounts from friends and family. Part of their preparations included eradicating the world of 'zombies' before Doomsday arrived, according to Lori's former best friend Melanie Gibb, who was part of a small group with which Chad shared his personal gospel. 'It was their commission to get rid of all the zombies before tribulations came upon us,' Gibb told the East Idaho News last year. Chillingly, Lori had accused three of her loved ones of turning into zombies prior to their deaths: JJ and Tylee, as well as her fourth husband Charles. Charles had filed for divorce from Lori five months before he died, and in court documents and conversations with law enforcement he revealed that Lori had threatened to kill him because she believed his body had been possessed by evil spirits. After Charles died, Lori moved her children to Idaho in August 2019. Gibb recounted a phone call around that time when Lori remarked that her daughter Tylee had also turned into a zombie. Soon after Gibb visited Lori in Idaho, and the mother began ranting about how her son JJ was 'acting like a zombie' and crawling on the kitchen cabinets. In her East Idaho News interview, Gibb also described how Lori and Chad met at an LDS Church conference in late 2018 and quickly developed an eerily close relationship - despite them both being married to other people at the time. Gibb said Chad had told Lori that they knew each other previous lives and were 'sealed' to each other. Chad married Lori on November 5, less than two months after her children vanished and two weeks after his previous wife Tammy died. The couple are pictured in January in Kauai, where they fled after police began asking questions about where JJ and Tylee were Latter-day Saints believe that relationships continue after death if a husband and wife are sealed in the temple by an officiant. People cannot be sealed to a second spouse if they are already legally married to a living person. Gibb also described an extensive chart Chad made that ranked people based on their spiritual level. It was four pages and included Biblical apostles, the current Latter-day Saint 12 apostles, family members, friends and celebrities. The chart detailed how many lives each person had lives, whether they were 'dark' or 'light' spirits, their previous names and other unusual information. It stated that Lori was on her 21st life, Chad was on his 31st, and both had lived five lives on this earth. Chad was identified as a Holy Ghost. It's unclear how much contact Lori and Chad have had since he landed behind bars last summer. Lawyers for each of them had argued to keep their cases separate amid speculation that they could turn on each other before trial. Tuesday's indictment marked a landmark development in the case that has inspired many television specials, podcasts and Facebook communities of devoted sleuths. However questions still remain over why the couple allegedly committed murder - and why it took so long for prosecutors to bring the charges. Read the indictment below: The indictment, handed down on Tuesday, is pictured Advertisement Share or comment on this article: Doomsday cult mom Lori Vallow and her husband Chad Daybell are indicted for murder e-mail 3.8k shares Comments 464 Share what you think Newest Oldest Best rated Worst rated View all The comments below have not been moderated. View all The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. 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Paris Hilton celebrates 30 days of marriage to Carter Reum as she shares new wedding photo: 'I'm so proud to be yours' Dr Oz announces he is running for the US Senate as a Republican in Pennsylvania to 'help us heal' because we are 'angry at the government and each other' The Matrix Resurrections stars Keanu Reeves and Carrie-Anne Moss cuddle up as they discuss 20-year effortless connection: 'It is like a soul friendship' Kristen Stewart pairs a bomber jacket with Justin Bieber's Drew slippers in NYC... after release of her Princess Diana biopic Spencer Tamra Judge tells ex-best friend Shannon Beador to 'STFU you victim-liar' after RHOC star said she's 'not engaging' in feud Jen Shah's assistant Stuart Smith is pictured for first time after flipping on the RHOSLC star by changing his plea to GUILTY in $5m telemarketing scam Chicago cop testifies Jussie Smollett told him one of his attackers was WHITE - after actor's lawyers claimed black brothers who beat him were 'criminals' trying to frame him Kris Jenner is every inch the proud momager as she snaps photos of daughter Kylie's window display at Harrods in London Kim Kardashian to be honored with the Fashion Icon Award at upcoming 2021 People's Choice Awards star 'will be honored for single-handedly transforming industry' Judas And The Black Messiah star LaKeith Stanfield showcases musical talent as he shares audition video for 2019 Cats film... and reveals he lost role to Jason Derulo Emily Ratajkowski celebrates her book tour with pouty selfie and a night of 'intimate' conversations about 'empowerment' What an honor! 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Madonna, 63, flashes her underwear as she spreads her legs in a mini dress while partying with Dua Lipa Iggy Azalea reveals her Christmas plans with her 19-month-old son Onyx after admitting she is open to finding love again following ugly split with Playboi Carti Olivia Rodrigo makes a pitstop for romance as she kisses boyfriend Adam Faze on the side of a road... after nabbing SEVEN Grammy nods Michael J Fox, 60, reveals how he has been able to deal with the 'dark' phases while battling Parkinson's Disease for the past 30 years Kanye 'Ye' West aims to help the homeless population in Los Angeles and meets with city leaders to establish plan Megan Barton-Hanson blasts the Kardashians for being 'misleading' about cosmetic work... a year on from THAT Scott Disick spat Braless Rihanna is a vision in orange Bottega Veneta dress as the first president of Barbados is sworn in - and singer becomes only second ever woman named as country's National Hero The Weeknd, Olivia Rodrigo and H.E.R and win big at the 2021 Apple Music Awards Kyle Richards stars as a merciless mom determined to win her town's Christmas decorating contest at any cost in the first trailer for The Housewives of the North Pole Jacob Elordi refuses to discuss then-girlfriend Kaia Gerber in Esquire interview... following split from girlfriend of one year Some stars never age! Mad About You vet Helen Hunt, 58, dazzles at the Gotham Awards in a tank top that shows off her sculpted arms 'My a is hot in this photo!' Chrishell Stause shows off her sizzling frame in a black corset as she jokes about her bottom while posing beside a fire Olivia Colman is the picture of elegance in chic black dress complete with cut-out detailing as she attends premiere of gritty drama Landscapers Paul Walker's daughter Meadow pays touching tribute to her late father on eighth anniversary of his death: 'Today and everyday I celebrate your life' Ethan Hawke looks dapper in a black suit as he makes a rare appearance with wife Ryan at 2021 Gotham Awards The Voice's Wendy Moten returns with BOTH arms in casts after she broke right elbow and fractured left wrist in THAT fall on live TV Jennifer Aniston to lead star-studded live re-enactment of The Facts Of Life for ABC alongside Gabrielle Union and Kathryn Hahn 'I'm lucky to be alive and also have a limb': Emotional Tiger Woods discusses severity of horrific car crash and spending three months in a hospital bed Crown Prince of Japan reveals HE decided his daughter Princess Mako shouldn't have a traditional Shinto wedding due to husband's financial scandal West Side Story star Rita Moreno, 89, wears a shimmering gown on red carpet for Steven Spielberg's musical remake... 60 years after winning Oscar for the original Hailey Bieber wows in a skin-tight catsuit with a bust-boosting corset while Zoë Kravitz is a vision in a patterned mini as they lead the glamour at Art Basel Mick Jagger's ballerina girlfriend Melanie Hamrick shows off her incredible physique in gruelling strength workout Tristan Thompson has fan ejected from Memphis basketball game 'for heckling him about the Kardashians' days after LeBron James had fans booted for taunting him Victoria Beckham shares a glimpse of her healthy lunch as she hangs out with son Romeo while he enjoys a pizza after the British Fashion Awards Mel B's lookalike daughter Phoenix Brown, 22, keeps things casual in a hoodie as she attends games event It's supposed to be the Fashion Awards! Actress Wallis Day dons a crotch-flashing caped bodysuit while Priyanka Chopra goes full-on floral as they lead worst dressed on red carpet Fashion Awards 2021: Demi Moore, 59, displays VERY smooth complexion as she joins Kate Beckinsale, 48, and model Adriana Lima, 40, at event Adele CONFIRMS Vegas residency! Hello singer FINALLY announces long-speculated concerts as she prepares to take the stage at Caesars Palace for four months in 2022 Celeste Barber responds to critics who say she's 'mean' - and reveals why she isn't worried about offending celebrities like Kylie Jenner with her parody videos 'It catapulted my career and changed my life': Selling Sunset's Heather Young reveals she posed naked for Playboy before becoming a star and has 'no regrets' 'I'm on the right meds thanks to no doctor or conservatorship!' Britney Spears gives a health update after legal battle and reveals she 'gets high' from fasting for up to FOUR DAYS 'For years I couldn't watch myself as a child in a music video:' Billie Piper reveals therapy helped her cope with looking back at early fame and says she relates to Britney Lorenzo Lamas announces his mother and 1950s Hollywood star Arlene Dahl has passed away at 96 in New York City Bradley Cooper and Irina Shayk look a picture of bliss with daughter Lea after sparking speculation romance is back on Supermodel Paulina Porizkova reveals how late husband Ric Ocasek was 'obsessed' with her and controlled her life, saying he told her what to wear and what jobs to do Reach for the cards! S Club 7's Paul Cattermole launches new career as a YouTube tarot card reader 23 years after becoming a popstar Royally tired: Moment Prince Charles falls ASLEEP at midnight ceremony to mark Barbados becoming a republic ending four centuries with British monarch head of state Prince Andrew grins as he rides through Windsor while Ghislaine Maxwell's sex trafficking trial begins in New York Maggie Gyllenhaal makes rare appearance with teenage daughter as film The Lost Daughter scores four wins at Gotham Film Awards in NYC Alice Evans shares throwback snaps with estranged husband Ioan Gruffudd - after claiming he 'bought cocaine while filming new TV show but had to leave it' in now-deleted post Hugh Jackman, 53, pays loving tribute to wife Deborra-Lee Furness on her 66th birthday Cara Santana flaunts her toned abs in a plunging black sports bra and leggings as she leaves a workout session in West Hollywood Selling Sunset's Mary Fitzgerald, 41, reveals she'll freeze her embryos while she and husband Romain Bonnet, 28, focus on their careers Bethenny Frankel and Jason Hoppy heading back to court over custody of daughter Bryn, 11, as war between exes rages on Travis Scott's offer to pay funeral expenses for Astroworld victim Ezra Blount, nine, is rejected by family who say rapper 'bears some of the responsibility for this tragedy' Khloe Kardashian sports $332 Dannijo x Mambacita sweats to escort daughter True to dance class Jussie Smollett's lawyer tells trial Empire star didn't lie about homophobic attack and insists actor is a 'real victim of a 'real crime' Ashley Roberts nails androgynous chic in pinstripe suit and Nike trainers as she makes stylish exit from Heart Radio The Pussycat Dolls star Queen congratulates Barbados on becoming a republic as island cuts ties with UK: Rihanna attends ceremony where Prince Charles says slavery 'forever stains our history' Kate's Christmas carols! Duchess sends out invites to service that will be broadcast on ITV after the Cambridges 'dropped' the BBC amid royal documentary row Prince Albert of Monaco pays tribute to singer Josephine Baker - a close friend of his mother Grace Kelly - at solo engagement as wife Princess Charlene remains in treatment Jessica Alba poses with lookalike daughter Honor and sips a margarita in a cute 'photo dump' from Thanksgiving Marilyn Manson's apartment is RAIDED by sheriff's investigators who seized hard drives while probing claims he sexually assaulted women including his ex Evan Rachel Wood Dakota Johnson, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Kristen Stewart, and Tessa Thompson glam up for The Gotham Awards in NYC Julianne Moore hits the red carpet in black suit before presenting the Performer Tribute Award to Kristen Stewart at the 2021 Gotham Awards Olivia Culpo looks leggy in a bright strapless mini dress with ruffles as she makes a glamorous appearance at 2021 British Fashion Awards Adriana Lima puts on a racy display in a bejewelled white coord as she lies on the FLOOR at 2021 Fashion Award's cocktail reception A Law unto herself! Model Iris flashes her bottom while modelling a striking silver bra and semi-sheer skirt as she leaves the star-studded 2021 British Fashion Awards Pregnant Skins and Maze Runner actress Kaya Scodelario cradles her baby bump in a frilled silver mini dress as she attends the Fashion Awards Lila Moss, 19, showcases her model physique in a sporty Burberry mini dress as she heads to the Fashion Awards Lady Amelia Windsor puts on a glamorous display in a shimmering off-the-shoulder gown and golden clutch as she departs the British Fashion Awards Thandiwe Newton looks incredible in silver cut-out dress - as she swaps her heels for slippers while leaving Gotham Awards in New York City Kylie Minogue, 53, busts her best moves at the Fashion Awards after party as she wows in a teal mini dress March of the models! Winnie Harlow and Shanina Shaik sizzle while Jourdan Dunn shows off her legs at Fashion Awards after-party Winnie Harlow commands attention in a quirky padded quilted co-ord at the 2021 Fashion Awards Jenna Coleman looks ethereal in a billowing Grecian style gown as she attends the Fashion Awards She always exudes elegance Strike a Pose! Indya Moore displays their cleavage in a busty red evening dress as they make a glamorous appearance at the 2021 British Fashion Awards Kim Jones and Tommy Hilfiger are the night's big winners with gongs while Virgil Abloh receives a posthumous nod at 2021 Fashion Awards Ansel Elgort and his longtime girlfriend Violetta Komyshan attend the premiere of his film West Side Story in New York City Rachel Zegler stuns in bell-shaped dress at NY premiere for Steven Spielberg's remake of the musical West Side Story Steven Spielberg hits the red carpet in a stylish suit with his wife Kate Capshaw at the star-studded world premiere of his West Side Story remake Meet the 51 beauty queens vying for Miss USA crown: From first openly-trans contestant to Air Force officer with PTSD, FEMAIL reveals the women going head-to-head for coveted title Queen Maxima of the Netherlands dons a crimson dress and matching coat as she visits Schiedam for the launch of a network aiming to help residents become debt free Australian soccer star Sam Kerr embraces her American girlfriend Kristie Mewis on the pitch as Matildas force a thrilling 1-1 draw against the US with a last-minute goal Love match! Tennis world no.3 Garbine photos of Caribbean break with Tom Ford exec Arthur Borges - just months after end of his marriage to Finnish 'Ice Princess' skater Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck organize a food drive at his Pacific Palisades home after spending Thanksgiving together with their families Joanne Froggatt reveals Sir Mick Jagger 'loves' Downton Abbey and even 'cut short a Rolling Stones rehearsal' to watch the period drama Look away, Jesy! Emily in Paris star Lucien Laviscount cozies up to GoT's Hannah John-Kamen and a bevvy of beauties in another humiliating blow to ex Little Mix star Kodi Smit-McPhee reveals the one thing co-star Benedict Cumberbatch wouldn't talk about on the set of new film The Power of the Dog The Voice: Ariana Grande praises Jim and Sasha Allen for 'best performance to date' as Top 10 sing Even MEL BROOKS's friends told him a musical about Nazis was crazy. But as he reveals in his riotous memoir, it won him an Oscar... and launched eccentric movie career Gabrielle Union commands attention in neon green cut-out gown with huge train at the 2021 Fashion Awards Elsa Hosk goes barefoot as she kicks off her towering Jimmy Choo stilettos to celebrate at the 2021 British Fashion Awards afterparty Frail Phil Collins, 70, performs from a chair at Genesis' The Last Domino? Detroit concert - as singer battles debilitating health condition Martyr turned melody maker? James Blunt offers a surprising response to the claim he 'helped prevent World War III' during his army days Rooney Mara is the epitome of chic in stylish full-length black dress on the red carpet at 2021 Gotham Awards in New York City Winnie Harlow makes a stylish departure from Fashion Awards afterparty as she wears an ab-flashing leather bustier and tiger-print skirt Kylie Minogue leads the performers in a black floral jumpsuit as she entertains a packed Royal Albert Hall while topping the bill at the British Fashion Awards 31st Annual Gotham Awards: Maggie Gyllenhaal's The Lost Daughter wins big with four awards including Best Feature Pretty Little Liars star Tammin Sursok gives fans a little too much information about her period in comedic post Sharon Osbourne, 69, goes make-up free as she shows off smooth complexion during low-key outing with her daughter Kelly in Beverly Hills Cody Simpson's model girlfriend Marloes Stevens speaks out after the singer went on a bizarre rant about 'tyranny and fearmongering' Chadwick Boseman remembered by family and friends on what would have been the late Black Panther star's 45th birthday Stranger Things actor Dacre Montgomery's model girlfriend Liv Pollock almost has a wardrobe malfunction as she wears a blanket-style skirt to dinner Blake Shelton ridicules That's My Jam in 'sneak episode' premiere of Jimmy Fallon game show as Kelly Clarkson and Ariana Grande face-off in medley Mia Goth showcases her bump in a midriff-baring tank top as she heads to the gym...while rumors fly that she is 'pregnant' by Shia LaBeouf Maggie Gyllenhaal wows in a daring cut out sequin gown as she scoops four awards for The Lost Daughter at The Gotham Awards in New York Kristen Stewart catches the eye in a strapless neon pink velvet gown as she receives Performer Tribute Award at the 2021 Gotham Awards 'I f***ed up': Will Ferrell's long-time collaborator Adam McKay reveals they fell out after he cast John C. Reilly as Lakers owner Jerry Buss instead of the Elf star Ruth Negga stands out from the crowd in a monochrome patterned dress at the Gotham Independent Film Awards in NYC Nicolas Cage, 57, and his wife Riko Shibata, 26, arrive in style at the Gotham Awards in NYC 'Don't lose any more weight!' Fans express their concern for Martine McCutcheon, 43, after Love Actually star looks 'too thin' in latest snap 'I've got the acting bug now': Leigh-Anne Pinnock discusses new film Boxing Day - after former bandmate Jesy Nelson was spotted in a clinch with her ex Rita Ora goes braless in a slinky blue satin dress as she sizzles in series of glamorous social media snaps Sultry display Trey Songz is at the center of a sexual assault probe in Las Vegas according to police following an alleged incident on Sunday Kelly Osbourne pictured out for the first time since revealing she was 'back on track' following relapse after four years of sobriety Iris Law and her brother Rafferty are dressed to impress for the Fashion Awards 2021 as they wow on the red carpet in standout ensembles Hugh Jackman and Naomi Watts lead tributes to Indigenous actor David Gulpilil as the Crocodile Dundee star dies aged 68 following a battle with lung cancer Lily Allen defiantly displays her figure in a backless jumpsuit at the Fashion Awards - after hitting out at 'skinny shamers' who expressed concerns over her 'slim' look Jussie Smollett arrives at court for his hoax race attack trial: Jury selection gets underway and brothers who say Empire actor paid them to beat him will take the stand later this week Billie Piper wows in a quirky baby blue gown and thigh high stockings as she attends the Fashion Awards Rihanna has 'arrived in Barbados for the inauguration of its first president' after her home country decided to remove the Queen as head of state, local media claims Tiffany Haddish and Common SPLIT after 16 months of dating: 'They are just too busy for a serious relationship' Victoria's Secret model Emily DiDonato announces birth of her daughter with heartwarming post: 'She's here and she's perfect' Who is Bader Shammas? Everything to know about Lindsay Lohan's fiancé... as the private pair get engaged after two years of dating Gucci family eviscerates 'far from accurate' House of Gucci film, accusing the Lady Gaga-led movie of portraying them as 'thugs' and 'insulting the legacy' of the brand The Bachelor's Colton Underwood cries in trailer for Netflix series as he admits he's 'ashamed' for hiding sexuality and putting ex Cassie Randolph 'through hell' Zendaya showcases her enviable legs in a chic taupe maxi dress as she joins dapper boyfriend Tom Holland for romantic dinner in Paris Before they were Selling Sunset! Glamourous realtors look VERY different in pre-fame throwback snaps - with pre-surgery Christine appearing in a horror movie Shirtless Rolling Stones rocker Ronnie Wood, 74, plants a sweet kiss on wife Sally, 43, as couple enjoy family beach day in Miami with their daughters Jennifer Aniston plays hairdresser as she rubs leave-in conditioner into the locks of her longtime makeup artist Angela to plug her Lola Vie line Former Maxim model reveals she was 'drugged and raped at lunch with a photographer', and says her agent forced her to sleep with him to get work Fashion's understated A-lister: Off-White founder Virgil Abloh was taught to sew by his seamstress mother, married his childhood sweetheart and shunned celeb lifestyle Hilaria Baldwin films her son Rafael, six, apologizing for swearing after he drops the F-bomb AGAIN... as she continues to share parenting struggle They look like sisters! Lisa Rinna, 58, appears youthful in a wig as she announces mini-me daughter Amelia Hamlin, 20, has created a lip kit for her makeup line Leonardo DiCaprio sells one of his beachfront Malibu mansions for OVER asking price at $10.3million... after picking it up in 1998 for $1.6million Magic Mike's Last Dance to reunite Channing Tatum and Steven Soderberg for steamy return on HBO Max The actor, 41, is set to return to stripper role Irina Shayk bundles up in a black jacket with a turtleneck top as she pushes an empty stroller while on coffee run in New York City Spider-Man: No Way Home fans CRASH movie websites first day tickets go on sale... as new IMAX poster featuring star Tom Holland is released Spider-Man producer CONFIRMS Tom Holland will be returning as Peter Parker in ANOTHER TRILOGY with Marvel Pirelli Calendar 2022: Rita Ora flashes her assets in chainmail for steamy bathtub snap, Saweetie gets busty and Iggy Pop strips off for star-studded Bryan Adams shoot Judge in Josh Duggar child pornography case bans phones, laptops, and recording devices from court as reality star prepares to stand trial Tuesday Shahs Of Sunset star Lilly Ghalichi's Los Angeles home burglarized while on vacation in St. Bart's 'I often look back at photos of that time': Shawn Mendes recalls the 'beautiful simplicity' of spending lockdown with his now ex-girlfriend Camila Cabelo Anna Wintour's daughter Bee shares sweet snaps of her baby son Oliver to mark his first month of life - including her first family photo with husband Francesco Carrozzini 'Seventeen of the sweetest years of life': Julia Roberts pays tribute to twins Hazel and Phinnaeus as she shares throwback on their birthday Braless Charli XCX accidentally exposes her entire breast in a risqué little black dress while presenting award at the ARIAs Ed Sheeran and Elton John team up to recreate Love Actually's famous doorstep scene as they announce new Christmas single Disney bows to China: Simpsons episode with Tiananmen Square sign saying 'on this site, in 1989, nothing happened' is missing from streaming service launched in Hong Kong An emotional support ferret, prison sunbathing, her macaw parrot and a relentless diva attitude... What House Of Gucci and Lady Gaga DIDN'T show of Patrizia Reggiani 'I'll cry about tonight forever': Lady Gaga gets tearful as she performs final show with Tony Bennett - before he retired aged 95 due to Alzheimer's Chantel Jeffries drops jaws as she showcases her stunning beach body in VERY skimpy pink bikini in Miami Advertisement From the Makers of Candy Crush Farm Heroes Saga, the #4 Game on iTunes. 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0.999971	What is a computer virus? Basically, A computer virus is a malicious program that infects your computer. It uses files and folders as media to establish itself in your machine and spread. In the virtual world, the virus is extremely contagious since it can use a network to damage all the machines linked together: PC but also printers, internal servers, NAS, and any other connected device. 2. Definition of Computer Virus It is encrypted so that the information it contains remains hidden. This is how malware masks its presence. Polymorphism: it can take many forms and act in different ways. It is therefore more difficult to identify it and put it out of harm's way. Metamorphism: here the computer virus modifies all of its structure and instructions. It thus becomes even more difficult to flush out and recognize. Stealth: in this case the virus tricks your operating system and your antivirus. In this game, rootkit type malware is the most effective. There are different methods for tricking antiviruses, including erasing traces of its passage or directing the protection software towards an uninfected portion of the hard disk that the virus will have previously copied. 3. What do viruses do on your computer? Damage caused by viruses can range from temporary computer malfunction to serious damage. In general, a virus can: Send you links to unwanted sites; Erase your data; Spy on you by copying your personal information (passwords, emails, etc.) and send them to a third party; Cause the computer system to overheat to the point of rendering the computer unusable. 4. Main types of computer viruses Modern viruses fall into several categories. Each can have different types of objectives and attack techniques. Among the main ones, we highlight: 4.1 Keylogger The keylogger is a type of virus whose main objective is to capture all the information that is typed on the computer. This data collection will be permanent and all information will be sent to the person responsible for distributing the malware. Thus, it is possible to collect data such as passwords for social networks, emails, and credit cards. 4.2 Ransomware Ransomware is one of the worst types of today's computer viruses. Attacks carried out with this type of malware can cause great damage to companies, ranging from loss of critical data to financial values. In addition, while the attack is being carried out, the establishment will not be able to perform its daily activities that depend on the computer system, which makes it vital to use techniques to prevent this type of threat. The attack of a ransomware virus is done through a complex social engineering process. Hackers send messages to users of a corporate system, simulating real content and encouraging the download of an infected file. After opening the file, the malicious software scans the company's network, looking for loopholes that allow access to internal systems and private data. Once this step is completed, all available information is encrypted and access to the data is blocked. In order for the company to resume its activities, a payment (usually in bitcoin) of variable value is required. And if the company tries to release access to your data without payment, commands can be triggered to permanently delete files. 4.3 Spyware Spyware is software that aims to capture information from users without their knowledge. As in the case of keyloggers, everything obtained is sent to the distributor of the infected files. In general, this type of computer virus tracks a person's steps on the Internet and modifies the content of pages to display advertising that leads to the download of other types of computer viruses. This is a feature that takes spyware to a higher level compared to the keylogger. In addition to capturing information such as passwords and credit card numbers, they can also modify computer settings and add additional software. Its distribution can be done through fake websites, SPAM emails, and legitimate software, which are modified and published on pages that simulate famous program distribution sites. 4.4 Worms Worms are a variant of viruses that became famous during the 2000s. They are characterized by their high ability to replicate on a network or set of computers without human interaction. In addition, they create additional copies of themselves inside the machines on which they are stored, making it difficult to completely remove them. Despite being distributed using traditional techniques, such as spam messages and fake websites, worms gained strength by exploiting operating system flaws (especially Windows XP) that allowed automatic software to run through the pen-drive autorun. Thus, whenever a storage unit was connected to a new computer, the malware automatically installed itself on the system. 4.5 Trojan Horse Trojan horses are among the most dangerous threats on the computer network. They disguise themselves as legitimate software so that, during their execution, other threats are installed on the user's computer. Thus, exploiting flaws in the operating system, the hacker can control the machine, obtain personal data and even transform the device into a member of a zombie network (when the computer performs automated functions and is part of a network created to execute targeted attacks ). 4.6 Trojan Banking It is a trojan characterized by access to bank details, shopping sites, social networks and email servers. Its attack is similar to the Trojan Horse, by sharing a file or software camouflaged as legitimate on infected pages or emails. 4.7 Blended Threats Also called compound threats, this type of computer virus is a combination of various malicious codes that can act as a large set of viruses simultaneously. This type of computer virus is able to reproduce itself, capture data, and allow the installation of other malware. This type of software is distributed through fake emails and infected flash drives. Given their versatility, they can infect a wide range of devices and operating systems. 4.8 Adware Adware or advertising malware is malware that can be easily identified. It presents itself as unwanted advertising. In some cases they are just annoying in others they undermine the security settings by tracking their activities to show ads where they generally would not have access. 4.9 Browser Hijacker It is an unauthorized alteration of browser settings by malware. The home page and search pages are changed, display ads on legitimate sites, and redirect access to specific and malicious sites. 4.10 Rootkit A rootkit is a trojan that integrates with the operating system, allowing access to the computer while hiding its files and processes in some parts of the system. A rootkit is able to give hackers administrative access to your device or your network without you realizing it. This malware can be installed via commercial security products and application extensions. The use of some antiviruses can detect the behavior of rootkits but they must be deleted manually. 4.11 crossRAT It is the newest computer virus discovered and is a dangerous threat to espionage characteristics. It can be found in several virtual environments that are considered safe in URLs that are shared without restriction over the web. CrossRAT makes a complete scan of your system allowing a hacker to send commands remotely to your PC, that is, he can spy and perform various activities on your machine. 5. How to be safe from viruses? There are things you can do to avoid viruses, Install an antivirus program, Don't click on suspicious links or emails. Keep your operating systems and computer programs updated with the latest security patches. 6. How to remove a computer virus? There are several ways to remove a computer virus depending on its dangerousness and the extent of the damage. First of all check that your antivirus is up to date. If it is not, perform the recommended update. In particular, the virus definitions of the program should be kept up to date. These are robot portraits of circulating viruses that allow the software to identify malicious intruders and notify you of their presence. If you bought a new antivirus, don't let the two coexist. If you are under Windows 10 it is possible that you have Windows Defender activated. As native software, this program cannot be removed. However, you can deactivate it. To do this go to the Start menu> Settings> Update & security> Windows security> Virus and threat protection> Manage settings. If the switch is set to Real-time protection set it to Disable. If your antivirus does not detect anything, despite obvious malfunctions, there is software without installation specialized in the identification of malware, horses of three, spyware, or attempts of pishing. They can be used without problems along with your antivirus to maximize your chances of success. We can cite ESET Online Scanner, with its one-time scan functionality, or Online Scan / Clean Tool from Trend Micro compatible with Windows 64 or 32 bit. The latter also makes it possible to analyze systems running Android. 6.1 Removal of Virus or Malware Once your antivirus has detected the intruder, it will offer to remove it. And this deletion will erase all traces. But it is not always that simple. Especially if the malware causes significant malfunctions. In the most extreme cases you may have to entrust your computer to a professional, especially if nothing works. There is also a way to free yourself from malware, as long as you know a little about it. Here's the procedure to follow : Save all of your data on an external medium: external hard drive for example. This step is fundamental to the risk of losing important information that you do not otherwise have. Format your computer's hard drive. Keep in mind that this process deletes all of the data on it, including software. If you had programs, whether paid or free, make sure you have kept the installation CDs or can find them on the internet in the correct version. Install your operating system again. Several antivirus designers offer ISO standard software to disinfect an operating system. They are usually free like Kaspersky Rescue Disk or Ultimate Boot CD. 7. Top 5 Most Dangerous Computer Viruses When we talk about a computer virus, we usually mean any kind of code designed to do harm and spread itself to more computers. Viruses are created by malicious programmers who might want to use your computer to attack other targets or make money by stealing your personal information. They could also just be trying to see how far their virus will spread. Different viruses can affect Windows, Mac OS, and Linux computers, and even data servers that keep companies, and the internet itself, running. Antivirus program help, but they can have trouble dealing with threats they've never seen before. Over the years, there have been thousands and thousands of viruses spread online, and they've caused billions of dollars of damage from lost productivity, wasted resources, and broken machines. A few dozen of the viruses stand out, some spread especially quickly, or affected a lot of people, or created a ton of damage all by themselves. Some did all of the above. Since a lot of viruses were very bad in a lot of different ways, it's hard to pick out which ones will objectively the worst. But with that in mind here are 5 those extra destructive viruses. These are snippets of code that changed the way people thought about computer security, both the people designing the viruses and people trying to protect them. So let's get started. 7.1 Melissa Virus Say it's March 1999. You're an unsuspecting computer user who's never gotten a virus, let alone been trained to look for the signs that an email might be malicious. You get an email from someone you know, with a subject line that says it an important message. The message inside just says "Here's that document you asked for don't show it to anyone. The attachment is a Word document labeled "LIST" so you click on it because you're curious and a list of porn sites pops up. At this point, you realize that the email was probably some kind of virus. But it's too late, the first 50 people in your address book have already gotten a copy of the exact same email, with a subject list saying that the message is from you. That was the Melissa Virus. The Melissa virus was spread through Microsoft's Outlook email program, and even though the attachment seemed like an innocent word document, it was able to infect the computer because of something called a macro. A macro is a specific kind of computer program that's used to create shortcuts. They're meant to make it easier to edit a document. Instead of making manually a set of changes to the document. Macro is the piece of code that would let you do with 1 click. The problem is that functionality gives macros a lot of power over your computer. In just a few days, Melissa spread to hundreds of thousands of computers. It didn't do any damage to computers. But it did make an email service a slow way down and cost companies about $80 million overall. The programmer behind this virus was David L.Smith, was caught about a week after Melissa was first released. He spends 20 months in prison and paid a $5000 fine. Why Melissa? Apparently, that was the name of a stripper he met in Florida. 7.2 I LOVE YOU VIRUS It was spread on 5 May 2000, was also successful because of social engineering, It reached around 45 million computers in just two days, and caused by $10 billion in damage. The infected mail had the subject line "I LOVE YOU", and came with the attachment title with "love letter for you.txt". When you click on the attachment the virus will go to your system's files looking for media like documents, images, and audio files. Then it would overwrite them with copies of itself, so if you didn't have your file backup, you'd lose all your data. Meanwhile, the virus would send itself to everyone in your address book. It was a type of virus called a worm, which means that it was a standalone program. It looked like a text document but that virus file was actually a type of visual basic script which uses the file extension .vbs. Users couldn't see VBS at the end of the filename, though, because the windows OS that they were using was hiding file extension by default. Visual basic script sends your computers a set of instructions to execute. So if they're meant to cause harm it could be very dangerous. The Virus was attributed to two programmers in the Philippines. But even though they were both arrested, they were realized at the time, there wasn't any law against what they'd done. 7.3 SQL slammer On 25 January 2003 just before 6 a.m, the internet broke. South Korea lost both internet and cell phone service. 300,000 people in Portugal couldn't connect to the internet. Airlines couldn't process tickets and had to cancel flights. Bank ATM's went down. 911 in Seattle had to start using paper to log calls. Even for a lot of devices that were still connected to the internet, the connections had become suddenly very slow, even by 2003 standards. SQL Slammer was a worm that targeted SQL servers, which store databases using a piece of Microsoft software called. Microsoft SQL Server. It worked by taking advantage of a bug in the software it sends the server a specially formatted piece of code, one that looked like it was just an ordinary request for information, but actually reprogrammed the server to send out more copies of the same worm. The worm spread faster than any other virus ever had, infecting 75,000 servers in just 10 minutes. Those servers were all sending requests to thousands of other servers, which couldn't handle all the traffic. In all millions of servers were affected, and the internet went kaput for a while. Slammer is thought to have caused about $1.2 billion in damage before it was stopped, and the programmer behind it was never caught. The whole mess could have been prevented, though six months earlier, Microsoft released a fix for the bug but lots of people just hadn't installed it yet. 7.4 Storm Worm On the 19 January, 2007 Storm worm was another worm that spread through email. But its purpose wasn't to destroy your computer or information, it wanted to take over your computer instead. The original subject line read "230 dead as storm batters Europe", which is where the virus gets its name. But instead of an attachment, the email contained a link to a website, which promptly downloaded the virus onto the user's machine. Storm worm was designed to be as invisible as possible so that you wouldn't detect and destroy it. This way it was able to use your computer to do all kinds of stuff in the background. The virus would connect your machine to a botnet a collection of computers that form a network. But at first, the network didn't do actually very much, it just grew up. To make matter worse the anti-virus program had trouble finding a virus on an infected machine. The code form storm worm was designed to change every half hour, so it always looked different. They just sold the network to other criminals and scammers. After a while companies did figure out how to stop the virus from spreading. The people behind it were never caught. 7.5 Mebroot/Torpig Mebroot is also a virus that slowly started to spread in 2007. And its main goal was also to hook you up with botnet called torpid. Both are especially sophisticated. It usually gets into your computer via a drive-by download, where you visit a malicious web page and the program starts to download in the background without you even knowing it. From there, it overwrites the master boot record. It is a part of your computer hard drive that stores the instruction that tells your computer how to start up. It can tell your computer what to do right from the start, And what it tells your computer is to connect to the torpid botnet which then steals all of your information. Torpig uses a spying technique known as Man-in-the-browser, which is creepy as it sounds. It lurks in your browser, logging everything you do and any private information you enter. It also tries actively to steal the information, using a fake website that looks and behaves exactly the same as the originals but sends the data to the torpid servers instead. By late 2008 torpid had stolen info connected to 500,000 bank accounts, and again the people who created it haven't been caught. Tags Ethical Hacking Share You might like View all 1 Comments Mark Wiens April 20, 2020 at 6:39 PM Hey There. I found your blog using Google. This is a very well written article. I’ll be sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your useful info. Thanks for the post. I’ll definitely return. wireless gaming keyboard ReplyDelete Replies Reply Add comment Load more... Post a Comment Previous Post Next Post Programming {getWidget} $results={4} $label={programming} $type={list1} Follow Us 10k 3.1k 2.7k 500 1.8k 10k 31 Best Hacking Apps For Android You Must Try In 2021 August 23, 2020 15 Best Termux Tools for Hacking [UPDATED 2021] June 11, 2020 Termux Commands List 2021 July 30, 2020 {getWidget} $results={3} $label={recent} $type={list1} {getWidget} $results={3} $label={comments} $type={list1} Dark Hacker World is prefect place for tech lovers. Founded in 2018. For any information or business related queries mail us at: [email protected]
0.999749	Shure cable quality has sharply decreasedI have used Shure headphones (primarily Shure SE215) for many years now. My first pair lasted about five years. Then I got a wireless pair, and that cable broke after about 10 months. Then a new wireless cable, and it broke after 6 months. Another wireless cable, plus a backup regular cable. Both have now broken.For the regular cable, the problem seems to be fraying around the linkage near to the end of the cable just before the actual headphone connector. A silver wire (that presumably keeps that area more "shapeable" so you can wrap it around your ear) broke out of it just a few months after starting to use the cable. I don't understand why the quality has gone down so much, perhaps Shure is using cheaper materials? They used to be such a great company.1Redesigned headphone adapter plug!This new version fits into my phone's case headphone opening! My original cord did not without removing the case or using a separate extension adapter. The new smaller diameter extension fixes the only gripe I had about the original version that came with my 315's. The new cord is also about an inch longer overall. The rigid sleeve at the earpiece is the same design. Where it and the cord meet was the point of failure on my originals from flexing. The wire sheeth opened up and ended up shorting and fraying the wire. However, they lasted 4 years and at this price I really can't complain.5OEM replacement of just OK cablesI never liked this cable design, and this is just a replacement for a flaky cable -- it's the same, I think. The formable section near the ear bud seems to form easier, but it's hard to compare to a brand new cable to an old cable for things like stiffness and formability.I really wish these came in other lengths. I almost always have my phone in my front pocket, and this cable is way too long for that. I see Shure lists a part number for a 46 inch version, instead of the 64 inch version, but can't find anywhere that sells it.It also seem that Shure cable quality is going down, despite design changes that seem to be better (replaceable cables, formable wire near earbud). I used to get 2+ years out of Shure earbuds at the gym. Now, just walking the dog (much less sweat, etc.), I got 8 months out of these cables before failure. I guess replacing the cable is better than the whole headphones, but I wish I could just buy the old ones.At least I was able to see the reviews on here for the version with the microphone that people seem to hate before buying one.3FRAUDULENT PRODUCTS PAY ATTENTION TO SELLERPay attention to what seller you're buying from, make sure it is shure or an authorized shure seller. This is much more stiff and the cables that reinforce it have already gotten kinks and broken through the cheap plastic outer layer that almost flakes off, I've owned 3 of these wires and never had this issue. The auxiliary connector also gives a poor connection that causes my phone to either pause, play, skip, or adjust the volume as if there was an in-line controller. Total piece of junk and I would have quickly returned them if I had more time before I started traveling, now they're just a waste of money and another piece of junk in a landfill. Heavily disappointed with these. As I disconnected them to replace with real shure cables the wire fully tore out from their connectors as if it couldnt have gotten any cheaper.1I don't know if the new model or version they are making now is any better in terms of longevityFor a cable that costs as much as some headphones, it really doesn't last very long for me. I typically go through about 2 cables a year with what I'd consider moderate (non-gym) usage, they all seem to go out in the same way for me, the audio starts to go out in one ear and I have to bend the end just right to get clear sound.I did notice on the most recent cable I ordered, the design had visibly (but not functionally) changed. I don't know if the new model or version they are making now is any better in terms of longevity.2Broken!I've ordered this cable twice now, and both times it arrived broken. It seems to work at first, but then small turns of the head when wearing it reveal that the cable is indeed broken (because the audio cuts out).The cable has the same metal wire portion that allows it to curve. However, avoid buying these here because of the damaged cables they've been shipping out.1Poor QualityThis is the 3rd cable I've gone through on my SE 315s in 5 years. The first two lasted about 2.5 years each. This particular cable was notably of much poorer construction. The earbuds would short at minimal movement right out of the package. Within two weeks the wires began to splay at several places with very minimal use. I am now filing a return. It is clear that these have been manufactured at a lower standard.EDIT: I returned the cable and re-ordered, hoping the first cable was simply a production fluke. Nope. I bought a second cable that similarly fell apart in about 2 weeks of light usage. This is a product of appallingly low quality. Unfortunately, this second time around I was out of town during the window for return. So I am stuck with this tattered, non-functional cable. Warning: DO NOT BUY!!!1Great phones with some "replacement issues."To other reviewers that said this is identical to the original. It is not. At least not my original. There is definitely a reduction in cable grade (thickness). I started out with a pair of E4C's which failed 3x within the warranty period. The last earphone replacement was the 425s with the detachable cable and formable over-ear wire. I can't tell you how long it took to arrive at a "system" for easily slipping these earphones on and off, but I must say when the cable failed last time, it failed at the plug, not at the ear stress points and it failed beyond the 2 year warranty (2 years, 8 mos.) Congrats Shure. You finally mastered planned obsolescence.I know enough about plastics engineering to know it isn't strictly thickness that determines durability. I do like the greater flexibility of the replacement cable. It feels "more natural" in hand and is easier to untangle. I also know that any cable that is subjected to routine stress is going to routinely fail at some point. So, I got the new one yesterday. The clock starts. I'll come back in two years and eight months or at first sign of failure to let you know if this replacement is equal to, less than or superior to the part it replaced.Side note: While I was waiting for my cable replacement, I did my nightly walks with a pair of cheapie open-air Sennheisers. While I liked the greater awareness of my urban environment that the open cans give you, I really missed the clarity and depth of my 425s. So when I go out with the Shures, it's with the volume low and pretending that I'm hearing impaired. Because you are hearing impaired with a pair of noise-suppressing buds that knock at least 50% of the ambient volume out of your awareness. Stay frosty and always groove safely.4Incredible Cable. Top Quality all the way around.Great headphone cable. Though my headphones are not SHURE, they use MMCX and these fit superbly. Here is what I love about these vs. the cheaper cable I bought prior to ordering this.1. Connectors secure the earbud firmly without detaching when I accidentally tug on the cable.2. The portion that shapes over the ear holds shape very well and can conform to the odd angle that the MMCX comes out of my earbud.3. The length allows me to get creative with routing the cable under my shirt if necessary (front pocket, back pocket, left, right, they all work.4. The cable itself seems much more durable AND more flexible than the cheaper alternative.I would highly recommend buying this over some of the cheaper alternatives. The quality is far above and beyond.5Recently redesigned to fit phone cases better.I've ordered several of these over the years. My experience is similar to other reviewers in that they've all broken after a year or so of use the sound starts cutting out in one or more years, due to wear (or something) around the plug and/or in the over-the-ear sections. I keep buying replacements not because they're fantastic but because I know they'll fit and the price (though expensive) is relatively small compared to the cost of the earphones.However, I'm prompted to write a review to highlight that there was a recent (fairly minor) redesign that makes a big difference for me. It used to be that this cable wouldn't fit my iPhone case, so I had to keep buying short little adapter-things to connect the earphone cable to my phone. Those adapters would all break from use within a couple months (I tried about half a dozen different ones), which was frustrating. In my most recent purchase of this cable, though, Shure has removed some of the bulky plastic near the plug so that it has a thinner profile and can fit in my iPhone case! You can see the old and new plugs side-by-side in the picture. No more adapters for me! I suppose there's a chance they've tweaked the design in other ways, too, and these new ones will also last longer, but my hopes aren't high.3 See All Reviews Read Less Shipment tracking ID will be provided after your product(s) is dispatched. The delivery date stated is indicative and subject to availability, payment authorization, verification, and processing. In case your product(s) is not delivered due to an incorrect or invalid address, we will not be able to process any claims. However, we will notify you if it is returned to us. Return or exchange requests can be made within 10 days of the delivery date. To return or exchange any items, please email us at [email protected], clearly mentioning your order number and our customer support team will guide you on the process. To be eligible for return, products must be in the exact condition you received them in. All packaging material must be undamaged and unused with the price tags intact. Orders can be cancelled before dispatch. If the order has already been dispatched, cancellation fees might be charged. Due to the nature of the products that we sell, we will not be able to replace or refund unwanted items if they have been opened or any seals are broken. The refund will not include the import duties or the cost of delivery or return postage. If your refund is approved, then it will automatically be credited to the original method of payment, within 7-10 days. DirectNine reserves the right to alter and enforce this Return and Refund Policy at any time without having to serve a prior notice to users. Description Detachable cable, 64". Works with SE215, SE315, SE425 & SE535. Legendary Shure quality to withstand the rigors of everyday use. Clear Reviews Customer Reviews Shure cable quality has sharply decreasedI have used Shure headphones (primarily Shure SE215) for many years now. My first pair lasted about five years. Then I got a wireless pair, and that cable broke after about 10 months. Then a new wireless cable, and it broke after 6 months. Another wireless cable, plus a backup regular cable. Both have now broken.For the regular cable, the problem seems to be fraying around the linkage near to the end of the cable just before the actual headphone connector. A silver wire (that presumably keeps that area more "shapeable" so you can wrap it around your ear) broke out of it just a few months after starting to use the cable. I don't understand why the quality has gone down so much, perhaps Shure is using cheaper materials? They used to be such a great company.1Redesigned headphone adapter plug!This new version fits into my phone's case headphone opening! My original cord did not without removing the case or using a separate extension adapter. The new smaller diameter extension fixes the only gripe I had about the original version that came with my 315's. The new cord is also about an inch longer overall. The rigid sleeve at the earpiece is the same design. Where it and the cord meet was the point of failure on my originals from flexing. The wire sheeth opened up and ended up shorting and fraying the wire. However, they lasted 4 years and at this price I really can't complain.5OEM replacement of just OK cablesI never liked this cable design, and this is just a replacement for a flaky cable -- it's the same, I think. The formable section near the ear bud seems to form easier, but it's hard to compare to a brand new cable to an old cable for things like stiffness and formability.I really wish these came in other lengths. I almost always have my phone in my front pocket, and this cable is way too long for that. I see Shure lists a part number for a 46 inch version, instead of the 64 inch version, but can't find anywhere that sells it.It also seem that Shure cable quality is going down, despite design changes that seem to be better (replaceable cables, formable wire near earbud). I used to get 2+ years out of Shure earbuds at the gym. Now, just walking the dog (much less sweat, etc.), I got 8 months out of these cables before failure. I guess replacing the cable is better than the whole headphones, but I wish I could just buy the old ones.At least I was able to see the reviews on here for the version with the microphone that people seem to hate before buying one.3FRAUDULENT PRODUCTS PAY ATTENTION TO SELLERPay attention to what seller you're buying from, make sure it is shure or an authorized shure seller. This is much more stiff and the cables that reinforce it have already gotten kinks and broken through the cheap plastic outer layer that almost flakes off, I've owned 3 of these wires and never had this issue. The auxiliary connector also gives a poor connection that causes my phone to either pause, play, skip, or adjust the volume as if there was an in-line controller. Total piece of junk and I would have quickly returned them if I had more time before I started traveling, now they're just a waste of money and another piece of junk in a landfill. Heavily disappointed with these. As I disconnected them to replace with real shure cables the wire fully tore out from their connectors as if it couldnt have gotten any cheaper.1I don't know if the new model or version they are making now is any better in terms of longevityFor a cable that costs as much as some headphones, it really doesn't last very long for me. I typically go through about 2 cables a year with what I'd consider moderate (non-gym) usage, they all seem to go out in the same way for me, the audio starts to go out in one ear and I have to bend the end just right to get clear sound.I did notice on the most recent cable I ordered, the design had visibly (but not functionally) changed. I don't know if the new model or version they are making now is any better in terms of longevity.2Broken!I've ordered this cable twice now, and both times it arrived broken. It seems to work at first, but then small turns of the head when wearing it reveal that the cable is indeed broken (because the audio cuts out).The cable has the same metal wire portion that allows it to curve. However, avoid buying these here because of the damaged cables they've been shipping out.1Poor QualityThis is the 3rd cable I've gone through on my SE 315s in 5 years. The first two lasted about 2.5 years each. This particular cable was notably of much poorer construction. The earbuds would short at minimal movement right out of the package. Within two weeks the wires began to splay at several places with very minimal use. I am now filing a return. It is clear that these have been manufactured at a lower standard.EDIT: I returned the cable and re-ordered, hoping the first cable was simply a production fluke. Nope. I bought a second cable that similarly fell apart in about 2 weeks of light usage. This is a product of appallingly low quality. Unfortunately, this second time around I was out of town during the window for return. So I am stuck with this tattered, non-functional cable. Warning: DO NOT BUY!!!1Great phones with some "replacement issues."To other reviewers that said this is identical to the original. It is not. At least not my original. There is definitely a reduction in cable grade (thickness). I started out with a pair of E4C's which failed 3x within the warranty period. The last earphone replacement was the 425s with the detachable cable and formable over-ear wire. I can't tell you how long it took to arrive at a "system" for easily slipping these earphones on and off, but I must say when the cable failed last time, it failed at the plug, not at the ear stress points and it failed beyond the 2 year warranty (2 years, 8 mos.) Congrats Shure. You finally mastered planned obsolescence.I know enough about plastics engineering to know it isn't strictly thickness that determines durability. I do like the greater flexibility of the replacement cable. It feels "more natural" in hand and is easier to untangle. I also know that any cable that is subjected to routine stress is going to routinely fail at some point. So, I got the new one yesterday. The clock starts. I'll come back in two years and eight months or at first sign of failure to let you know if this replacement is equal to, less than or superior to the part it replaced.Side note: While I was waiting for my cable replacement, I did my nightly walks with a pair of cheapie open-air Sennheisers. While I liked the greater awareness of my urban environment that the open cans give you, I really missed the clarity and depth of my 425s. So when I go out with the Shures, it's with the volume low and pretending that I'm hearing impaired. Because you are hearing impaired with a pair of noise-suppressing buds that knock at least 50% of the ambient volume out of your awareness. Stay frosty and always groove safely.4Incredible Cable. Top Quality all the way around.Great headphone cable. Though my headphones are not SHURE, they use MMCX and these fit superbly. Here is what I love about these vs. the cheaper cable I bought prior to ordering this.1. Connectors secure the earbud firmly without detaching when I accidentally tug on the cable.2. The portion that shapes over the ear holds shape very well and can conform to the odd angle that the MMCX comes out of my earbud.3. The length allows me to get creative with routing the cable under my shirt if necessary (front pocket, back pocket, left, right, they all work.4. The cable itself seems much more durable AND more flexible than the cheaper alternative.I would highly recommend buying this over some of the cheaper alternatives. The quality is far above and beyond.5Recently redesigned to fit phone cases better.I've ordered several of these over the years. My experience is similar to other reviewers in that they've all broken after a year or so of use the sound starts cutting out in one or more years, due to wear (or something) around the plug and/or in the over-the-ear sections. I keep buying replacements not because they're fantastic but because I know they'll fit and the price (though expensive) is relatively small compared to the cost of the earphones.However, I'm prompted to write a review to highlight that there was a recent (fairly minor) redesign that makes a big difference for me. It used to be that this cable wouldn't fit my iPhone case, so I had to keep buying short little adapter-things to connect the earphone cable to my phone. Those adapters would all break from use within a couple months (I tried about half a dozen different ones), which was frustrating. In my most recent purchase of this cable, though, Shure has removed some of the bulky plastic near the plug so that it has a thinner profile and can fit in my iPhone case! You can see the old and new plugs side-by-side in the picture. No more adapters for me! I suppose there's a chance they've tweaked the design in other ways, too, and these new ones will also last longer, but my hopes aren't high.3 See All Reviews Read Less Return And Refund Policy Return or exchange requests can be made within 10 days of the delivery date. To return or exchange any items, please email us at [email protected], clearly mentioning your order number and our customer support team will guide you on the process. To be eligible for return, products must be in the exact condition you received them in. All packaging material must be undamaged and unused with the price tags intact. Orders can be cancelled before dispatch. If the order has already been dispatched, cancellation fees might be charged. Due to the nature of the products that we sell, we will not be able to replace or refund unwanted items if they have been opened or any seals are broken. The refund will not include the import duties or the cost of delivery or return postage. If your refund is approved, then it will automatically be credited to the original method of payment, within 7-10 days. DirectNine reserves the right to alter and enforce this Return and Refund Policy at any time without having to serve a prior notice to users. Delivery Policy Shipment tracking ID will be provided after your product(s) is dispatched. The delivery date stated is indicative and subject to availability, payment authorization, verification, and processing. In case your product(s) is not delivered due to an incorrect or invalid address, we will not be able to process any claims. However, we will notify you if it is returned to us. 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0.999836	Janusz Michallik explains how a European Super League would threaten the existence of the Champions League. (2:10) Facebook Twitter Facebook Messenger Email Apr 19, 2021 Mark OgdenSenior Writer, ESPN FC Facebook Twitter Facebook Messenger Pinterest Email It would be something of an understatement to suggest that those driving the plan to launch a European Super League (ESL) involving the game's biggest clubs spectacularly misread the room before unveiling their self-styled "strategic vision" for the "benefit of the entire European football pyramid." Those around the table, led by Real Madrid president Florentino Perez (ESL chairman), Manchester United co-chairman Joel Glazer (ESL vice-chairman) and Juventus chairman Andrea Agnelli (ESL vice-chairman), will have noticed the nodding heads of their fellow executives from nine other major clubs, but football exists beyond that exclusive boardroom cabal. The sentiments of everyone else with an emotional attachment to the game have been completely ignored and dismissed in the pursuit of financial gain. - Stream ESPN FC Daily on ESPN+ (U.S. only) - Marcotti: What European Super League means for football Quite simply, the ESL is an idea that nobody wants, apart from the owners of football's biggest and richest clubs, who just happen to want to become even bigger and richer, despite the sugar-coated claims of their leading members. "We will help football at every level and take it to its rightful place in the world," Perez said in a statement released by the ESL on Sunday. "Football is the only global sport in the world with more than four billion fans and our responsibility as big clubs is to respond to their desires." Editor's Picks Defiant UEFA announce new Champions League 227dMark Ogden Super League start legal action after threats 227dAssociated Press Bayern, Dortmund, Leipzig reject Super League 227dStephan Uersfeld 2 Related Agnelli, whose faltering Juventus team could miss out on Champions League qualification this season after sliding to fourth in Serie A, just two points ahead of Napoli, claimed that "our 12 Founder clubs represent billions of fans across the globe," before adding: "We have come together at this critical moment, enabling European competition to be transformed, putting the game we love on a sustainable footing for the long-term future." So there you have it -- rather than being a vehicle to make each ESL club richer to the tune of over £300 million a year, the Super League proposal is actually designed to be the saviour of football, and fans all over the world should be eternally grateful. Unfortunately for the ESL leaders, the reaction from supporters has been universally hostile. Social media has been alight with condemnation from fans of all clubs, with angry statements issued by supporters' groups attached to Manchester United ("These proposals are completely unacceptable"), Arsenal ("the death of what football should be about"), Chelsea ("We are appalled") and Manchester City ("motivated by greed"), among others. Fans of Europe's biggest clubs are unable to make their opposition to the proposed Super League heard inside stadiums. Phil Noble/PA Images via Getty Images We already know that UEFA and FIFA are opposed to the plans and that each club involved has been warned they risk being kicked out of their domestic leagues, with their players banned from international football, if they go ahead. So with so much opposition from fans and football's governing bodies alike, why are the owners of the 12 founding members (the ESL has confirmed this will grow to 15 in the weeks ahead) so determined to wreck the present model in order to press ahead with their plans? MARK OGDEN Read all the latest news and reaction from ESPN FC senior writer Mark Ogden. The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us many things, in sport and as a society, over the past year. One element from a football perspective is the reality that broadcasting money, rather than fans paying at the turnstiles, now keeps clubs afloat. As a spectacle, supporters in stadiums have been missed greatly, but from a purely financial perspective, football at the top level has shown it can survive without fans paying to watch inside the ground. Of course, fans will be back once the pandemic ends, but the owners of the ESL clubs know that even if the hostility continues and deepens, the majority will continue to pay to watch inside stadiums. If they don't, the owners know that millions of fans worldwide will pay subscription fees to watch ESL games, with sponsors desperate to attach themselves to a competition involving the biggest clubs and best players. It is a ruthless, and maybe even cynical, approach, but those in charge know how it works. And if it becomes a closed shop without fear of relegation, the NFL and NBA are hugely successful business models to follow. United, Arsenal and Liverpool -- three founding members of the ESL -- are all owned by Americans involved in US sport, so they are already well-versed in how to capitalise on owning a franchise in such an environment. It is also clear that, with a future secure from relegation, all member clubs of the ESL would become even more valuable to their owners. But once again, what about the fans? What about the families who have supported their club through generations, seen them succeed and fail, bought the tickets and the shirts, turned up in the cold and rain? The owners have bought their clubs, often without previous attachment or association. In the case of the Glazers at United, their takeover in 2005 was funded by using the club's own money. And the same owners are now using historic clubs, rooted in their local communities, as bargaining chips to create a ring-fenced money-making machine that only they want. It is not the clubs that are threatening to rip up the fabric of football, it is their owners, and they have shown themselves to be oblivious to the wishes of the fans. But while they are pressing ahead without consulting the supporters, they are also doing so at a time when, because of the pandemic, stadiums remain closed to fans. It means that the opportunity to protest -- loudly and visibly -- has been lost to those passionate fans' groups at all clubs. Just imagine the scenes at Anfield, Old Trafford or San Siro had fans been allowed into games this weekend, as in the past. But fans will find a way, whether through social media campaigns or other forms of protest, to ensure their voices are heard. The owners might have misread the room. They might even have purposely put their fingers in their ears and kept their heads down, but they cannot be in any doubt now as to what the football world thinks of them and their plans.
0.965013	What if I told you that to this day, albinos are hunted and killed in parts of Africa, the Caribbean and South America. Why? Because of the
0.967933	In my first article GDPR implementation challenges: RAD tools to the rescue! I showed how it is possible to quickly implement a control panel for the maintenance of sensitive content related to users and customers. But before you remove or export user/customer data, you must be sure that there are no extra records related to the same user or customer. It might happen that a customer was created twice, the first time with a middle name and the second time without the middle name. How do you catch these anomalies? Technical approach There are a lot of deduplication tools in the market, which are normally quite expensive and complex to integrate with your current system. However it is possible to start with something very simple and quick to implement, just to get an idea of the data quality in your system, and eventually build up something more sophisticated, using other tools and techniques more suitable for your problem. One of the standard features of the Oracle database that can help in this context is the PL/SQL package UTL_MATCH. Without going too much into the details, this package allows the use of the Jaro-Winkler algorithm (see a description on Wikipedia), which gives you the “distance” between two strings. The 3 very attractive features of this package are: The algorithm is implemented for you, no need to reinvent the wheel The execution speed is already optimized for you (really fast!) Very easy to use. In my tests I got subsecond response comparing 100.000 strings. Perform some test in your system to see what you get. Here are a couple of examples that you can use: Using a row generator: SELECT row_num ,jw_distance FROM (SELECT ROWNUM row_num ,UTL_MATCH.jaro_winkler_similarity('100',''\|\|ROWNUM\|\|'') jw_distance FROM dual CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 100000) ORDER BY 2 DESC; Using your own table: SELECT your_column ,jw_distance FROM (SELECT your_column ,UTL_MATCH.jaro_winkler_similarity('your_string_to_compare', your_column) jw_distance FROM your_table) ORDER BY 2 DESC; Demo In this screenshot the application presents the list of users currently in the system (around 60.000 in this demo). Now you can click on one of the icons in the “Dedup.” column to go to the next step, or you can try to search for a specific name, in the field near the loop icon, and pick a user that shows different variations that might indicate possible duplicates. This last step is just to show how different are the results in case of normal search performed as LIKE ‘string_to_search%’ and the next screen, with the Jaro-Winkler algorithm in action. Clicking on the Dedup. column icons you will be presented the screen showing the candidate duplicates: The match is implemented only on the “Full Name” column (but of course other more complex strategies are possible). Notice how the ranking shows candidates impossible to discover using a simple “LIKE %” search, as every single character in the string is matched against the target name, which is a strategy that would require much more effort if programmed from scratch. And here is the link to the GDPR Control Center demo where you can see Jaro-Winkler algorithm in action and play with it. Have fun! 🙂 Comments on LinkedIn Search Search for: Archives June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 November 2017 June 2017 Blogroll Maxime Tremblay's Blog APEX stuff in one place Inside Oracle APEX grassroots-oracle.com APPLICATION EXPRESS NUGGETS Jackie McIlroy – Oracle & APEX MBNDATA – Martin B. Nielsen Powered by FRASIT ApS - CVR 33393555 - Drejøgade 26C, 2. 203 - 2100 København Ø Share This Twitter LinkedIn Facebook Google+ Reddit Digg Share This Share this post with your friends! Twitter LinkedIn Facebook Google+ Reddit Digg By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. more information Accept The cookie settings on this website are set to "allow cookies" to give you the best browsing experience possible. If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this.
0.99575	Work on a team? You need Slack. Slack puts all your team communication in one place, and makes it instantly searchable and available wherever you go.
0.999741	May 03, 2021 - 11:43 BST Jenni McKnight Good Morning America star Ginger Zee won huge support from her fans after opening up about hitting 'rock bottom' in honour of Mental Health Awareness month Ginger Zee won huge support from her fans after she opened up about hitting "rock bottom" in a candid confession about her mental health. The Good Morning America star took to Instagram on Sunday in honour of Mental Health Awareness month to share a video about the importance of finding the right therapist. MORE: GMA's Ginger Zee reveals crippling health battle - and it's heartbreaking Speaking about why a "yes" therapist is a "no-no", Ginger said in part: "Just like relationships, I think every therapist you need to find someone that is your fit. Loading the player... WATCH: Ginger Zee shows off impressive physique during home workout "I would consistently lie. I was lying to my therapist, which was a problem in the first place, but had they been attentive and not just saying 'yes'… I just think they need to be invested in it. "For me, I needed someone who was a little colder, a little more medical and calculated and I think that's the therapist I have now." Captioning the clip, Ginger explained: "Finding the right therapist took me going to the hospital, absolute rock bottom. There I was able to be properly diagnosed and given treatment that was most useful for me. READ: GMA's Ginger Zee sparks debate after Mother's Day text exchange with husband MORE: Ginger Zee shares joyous family news with heartwarming photo View this post on Instagram A post shared by ginger_zee (@ginger_zee) Ginger stressed the importance of finding the right therapist "For me, I needed a therapist who was going to push me to learn and use the tools I now have to regulate my emotions. It’s #mentalhealthawareness month and I am so ready to bring you some of the tools I’ve learned because I know how fortunate I am to have had the support and financial ability to access them. "We all deserve mental health, stability & joy. Let’s put as much effort into our mental health as we do our physical health." Ginger lives in New York with her husband and two children Ginger's followers rallied around her, thanking her for being so candid about her mental health struggles, with one commenting: "I so admire your tenacity and openness. You are a role model for all of us." A second said: "I so admire EVERYTHING about you Ginger!!! Thank you for sharing!!! Your message here is inspiring. You are always a ray of sunshine!!! Many blessings your way!!" While a third added: "You are incredible and this is so important." Read more HELLO! US stories here Like this story? Sign up to our newsletter to get other stories like this delivered straight to your inbox. HELLO! RECOMMENDS Perfect party makeup: see our must-buys at Boots These apple mince pies are divine for Christmas – try the recipe Katarina Johnson-Thompson celebrates World Kindness Day in the sweetest way More on: Ginger Zee Good Morning America Mental Health More about ginger zee Ginger Zee looks sensational in figure-flattering animal print dress and heels Robin Roberts and Ginger Zee brings fans to tears with special Good Morning America moment Ginger Zee praised as she marks end of chapter at work in upbeat video More news GMA's Ginger Zee’s home transformation sparks concern among fans GMA's Ginger Zee sparks debate after Mother's Day text exchange with husband Ginger Zee's husband looks incredible after glam drag queen makeover Ginger Zee's gorgeous new wedding photos have fans saying the same thing Ginger Zee's dramatic new appearance causes a stir Ginger Zee's quirky bikini video has to be seen to be believed Register FOR HELLO!'s NEWSLETTER By registering to HELLO!'s newsletter, you acknowledge that you have read and accepted hellomagazine.com's privacy policy, the cookies policy, and the website terms of use, and that you consent to hellomagazine.com using your data according to the established laws. If you wish to change your mind and would like to stop receiving communications from hellomagazine.com, you can revoke your consent by clicking on "unsubscribe" in the footer of the newsletter.
0.983666	Iraqi forces and Iranian-backed Shi'ite militias are fighting to retake the city of Tikrit from Islamic State (Isis) militants. Meanwhile, Kurdish forces have attacked IS positions around the oil-rich city of Kirkuk, backed by heavy air strikes from a US-led coalition. Kurdish Peshmerga fighters advanced on several fronts to the west of Kirkuk, seizing villages in the Mala Abdullah and Tel Ward areas. Kurdish Peshmerga forces inspect a destroyed building belonging to the Islamic State militants on the outskirts of Tel Ward, west of the city of Kirkuk Ako Rasheed/Reuters Kurdish Peshmerga forces inspect a destroyed building belonging to Islamic State militants on the outskirts of Tel Ward, west of Kirkuk Ako Rasheed/Reuters Related Syria: Rebels unveil home-made Volcano cannon and other improvised weapons On Sunday 8 March Iraqi security forces and Shi'ite militia took control of the centre of Dawr, a town on the southern outskirts of Tikrit. At the time of writing, they are still struggling to drive out militants entrenched in buildings in the western section of the town. Officials said security forces and Shi'ite militia fighters had also captured about third of the village of Albu Ajil, south of Tikrit. Shi\'ite fighters launch a rocket during clashes with Islamic State militants on the outskirts of al-Alam Thaier al-Sudani/Reuters Shi\'ite fighters run past buildings used by Islamic State militants on the outskirts of al-Alam Thaier al-Sudani/Reuters Iraqi police and Shi\'ite fighters hold an Islamist State flag, which they pulled down on the outskirts of al-Alam Thaier al-Sudani/Reuters A member of the Iraqi security forces hold an national flag as he perches on a wall painted with the black flag commonly used by Islamic State militants, in the town of Tal Ksaiba, near al-Alam Thaier al-Sudani/Reuters A Shi\'ite fighter holds a piece of material bearing the Islamist flag in the village of Albu Ajil, east of Tikrit Ahmad al-Rubaye/AFP A Shi\'ite member of the Iraqi pro-government forces erects a national flag on the outskirts of Dawr Ahmad al-Rubaye/AFP A member of the Iraqi security forces prays in the town of Tal Ksaiba, near al-Alam Thaier al-Sudani/Reuters A Shi\'ite member of Iraq\'s Popular Mobilisation units, supporting the government forces in the battle against the Islamic State group, prays in the village of Albu Ajil Ahmad al-Rubaye/AFP A member of Iraqi security forces holds a flyer released by Islamic State religious police ordering local residents to close all commercial shops during the daily prayer times otherwise face punishment according to Sharia law Younis al-Bayati/AFP Shi\'ite fighters and Iraqi security forces advance into the town of Tal Ksaiba, near al-Alam Thaier al-Sudani/Reuters Shi\'ite fighters and Iraqi security forces advance into the town of Tal Ksaiba, near al-Alam Thaier al-Sudani/Reuters Shi\'ite fighters stands near a wall painted with the black flag commonly used by Islamic State militants in the town of Tal Ksaiba Thaier al-Sudani/Reuters A Shi\'ite fighter gestures in Tal Ksaiba, near the town of al-Alam Thaier al-Sudani/Reuters The campaign to retake Tikrit is the biggest offensive so far against Islamic State insurgents. If successful, it would be the first time the army and militia have recaptured a major city from the militants. Progress in the offensive, which was launched a week ago, could also affect the timing and strategy for a wider offensive later this year to retake Mosul, the largest city under Islamic State control. Tikrit is of special concern because it was the site of one of the Islamic State group's biggest massacres. Last summer Islamic State militants led hundreds of mainly Shi'ite Iraqi soldiers out of a base near Tikrit known as Camp Speicher, lined them up in front of trenches and shot them dead. They published pictures of the mass killing online, boasting about the atrocity. More about the battle for Tikrit Iraq: Isis snipers, bombs and booby traps slow progress in the battle for Tikrit [Photo report] Isis: Iraqi forces storm Dawr and al-Baghdadi, push for Islamist stronghold Tikrit Battle for Tikrit: Iraqi forces and Shi\'ite militia try to retake city from Isis [Photo report] Battle for Tikrit: Fierce fighting in second day of operation by Iraqi forces to retake city from Isis
0.869505	China is blocking CNN's coverage of the disappearance of tennis star Peng Shuai, according to network officials Peng Shuai accused China's former vice premier, Zhang Gaoli, of sexual assault in a now-deleted Weibo post from 2nd November Additionally, the head of the Women's Tennis Association has called for an investigation into Peng's allegations, stressing that no one had been able to contact Peng since her social media post BEIJING, China: China is blocking CNN's coverage of the disappearance of tennis star Peng Shuai, according to network officials. Peng Shuai accused China's former vice premier, Zhang Gaoli, of sexual assault in a now-deleted Weibo post from 2nd November. On Thursday, CNN anchor Anderson Cooper said on air, "China is once again blocking CNN's signal to prevent further reporting on the disappearance of tennis star Peng Shuai. Every time CNN covers this story, the Chinese government blocks CNN's signal there." CNN anchor Erin Burnett said on her show, "Out Front," on Thursday, a Chinese government spokesperson said Peng's case was "not a diplomatic issue." "Although we understand that as I speak about this, CNN goes to black in China because they don't want it broadcast," she said. Also, all mention of Peng's name and related topics have been removed from Chinese websites and social media platforms, since her accusations. A letter allegedly from Peng was published by Chinese state media, which stated, "The news in that release, including the allegation of sexual assault, is not true. I am not missing, nor I am unsafe." However, Insider's Barnaby Lane reported that the letter has met with skepticism and has increased fears for her safety. Additionally, the head of the Women's Tennis Association has called for an investigation into Peng's allegations, stressing that no one had been able to contact Peng since her social media post. The incident is not China's first attempt at blocking CNN. In December 2019, CNN's broadcast was blocked when it covered events in Hong Kong and Xinjiang. Share article: Watch latest videos Subscribe and Follow Get a daily dose of Kolkata Sun news through our daily email, its complimentary and keeps you fully up to date with world and business news as well. Subscribe Now News RELEASES Publish news of your business, community or sports group, personnel appointments, major event and more by submitting a news release to Kolkata Sun. More Information 28 ℃ Haze in Kolkata/Bose International Section Lebanese take to streets as currency drops 90% in value BEIRUT, Lebanon: Protesting Lebanese took to the streets, lighting tires on fire and blocking roads throughout Lebanon to express their ... Stowaway survives in landing gear on Guatemala flight to Miami MIAMI, Florida: A stowaway has been found alive in the landing gear of an American Airlines plane that flew from ... New German government says workers should expect 25% pay increase BERLIN, Germany: Almost 2 million workers in Germany, Europe's largest economy, are set for a major pay increase, as part ... After riots, labor strife France weighs semi-autonomy for Guadeloupe PARIS, France: The French government is offering increased autonomy for the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, after COVID-19-related riots and long-running ... Villagers flee to escape air raids in Sagaing, Myanmar SAGAING, Myanmar - According to local sources, air attacks and shelling drove thousands of people from at least nine villages ... Questions remain about freedom of Chinese tennis star Peng Shuai ST. PETERSBURG, Florida: The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) has said it "remains deeply concerned" that Chinese tennis star Peng Shuai ... India Section Indian government to ban purchase of cryptocurrencies NEW DELHI, India: India will introduce a bill during the winter session of Parliament that could block the use of ... Hard hit by Covid variant, Asia reports more people now vaccinated SINGAPORE: Three months after Cambodia rolled out COVID-19 vaccines, just 11 percent of its population had received at least one ... Power is becoming more important than truth: Shiv Sena slams Centre over suspension of MPs from RS New Delhi [India], December 2 (ANI): With an impasse continuing between the Opposition and the treasury benches in the ongoing ... Ind vs NZ: Middle-order's form not a 'concern' for Southee ahead of 2nd Test Mumbai (Maharashtra) [India], December 2 (ANI): New Zealand pacer Tim Southee has backed the Kiwis middle order to come good ... 'Bigg Boss 15': Shamita Shetty faints after heated argument with Devoleena Bhattacharjee Mumbai (Maharashtra) [India], December 2 (ANI): With the entry of former contestants in 'Big Boss 15', the drama and fights ... Nature Nuskha launches a unique product - Hair Fitness Nourishing mist for healthy hair New Delhi [India], December 2 (ANI/PNN): With so many products in the market, it is essential to choose the right ...
0.963724	Once inside the bank shortly after midnight, their efforts at disabling the security system got underway immediately. The robbers, who expected to find one or two large safes filled with cash & valuables, were surprised to see hundreds of smaller safes throughout the bank. The robbers cracked the first safe's combination, and inside they found only a small bowl of vanilla pudding. As recorded on the bank's audio tape system, one robber said, 'At least we'll have a bit to eat.' The robbers opened up a second safe, and it also contained nothing but vanilla pudding. The process continued until all safes were opened. They did not find one pound sterling, a diamond, or an ounce of gold. Instead, all the safes contained covered bowls of pudding. Disappointed, the robbers made a quiet exit, each leaving with nothing more than a queasy, uncomfortably full stomach. The newspaper headline read: 'IRELAND'S LARGEST SPERM BANK ROBBED EARLY THIS MORNING'.... Article plus récent Article plus ancien 0 comment: Enregistrer un commentaire Inscription à : Publier les commentaires (Atom) infolinks Articles les plus consultés Baptist Cowboy A cowboy, who just moved from Wyoming to Texas walks into a bar and orders three mugs of Bud. He sits in the back of the room, drinking... The waiter had a piece of string dangling from his fly Some friends and I went out to a new restaurant, and noticed that the waiter who took our order carried a spoon in his shirt pocket. It... A Few Days A man left for work one Friday afternoon. But, being payday, instead of going home, he stayed out the entire weekend partying with the ... Diary of a Snow Shoveler --- Funniest Thing You Will Read This Season DIARY OF A SNOW SHOVELER: Moved to New York , We heard that summers are fun and winter is beautiful. We think there is no more beautiful ... 3 Bikers Pick On The Wrong Person At A Diner And Live To Regret It. Biker culture has a set of ideals which celebrates freedom and oftentimes does a lot of good for its local community. But like any large ... Never Underestimate a Woman A married couple is driving along a highway doing a steady 60 miles per hour. The wife is behind the wheel. Her husband suddenly looks ac... Walmart Joke So I am at Walmart scanning and bagging my almost $300 worth of groceries while the employee that wants $15 an hour "monitors"... Two Elderly Women Were Having A Lunch. Two elderly women were having a late lunch and having a drink at a local pub one afternoon when Ethel noticed something funny about Mable... Little Girl Kept Falling Asleep In Catholic School Little Mary Margaret was not the best student in Catholic School. Usually she slips through the class. One day the Nun called on her whil...
0.999993	Where are the most amazing places for photography? Locationscout is a network of passionate photographers and travelers around the world, discovering it together.
0.984351	The Duke of Wellington described the Battle of Waterloo as ‘the most desperate business I ever was in. I was never so near being beat’. The courage of British troops that day has been rightly praised ever since, but the fact that one-third of the forces which gave him his narrow victory were subjects, not of George III, but of the King of the Netherlands, has been almost completely ignored. This book seeks to correct a grave injustice through the study of Dutch sources – both primary and secondary – the majority of which have never been used by English-speaking historians. The Dutch-Belgians have been variously described as inexperienced, incompetent and cowardly, a rogue element in the otherwise disciplined Allied Army. It is only now being tentatively acknowledged that they alone saved Wellington from disaster at Quatre Bras. He had committed a strategic error in that, as Napoleon advanced, his own troops were scattered over a hundred kilometres of southern Belgium. Outnumbered three to one, the Netherlanders gave him time to concentrate his forces, and save Brussels from French occupation. At Waterloo itself, on at least three occasions when the fate of the battle ‘hung upon the cusp’ their engagement with the enemy aided British recovery. Their commander – the Prince of Orange – is viciously described as an arrogant fool, ‘a disaster waiting to happen’ and even a dangerous lunatic. According to the assessment of the Duke himself, he was a reliable and courageous subordinate. The Dutch material in this book reveals a new dimension for familiar events in the Campaign, and includes many unseen illustrations. For the first time, a full assessment is made of the challenge which Willem I faced as King of a country hastily cobbled together by the Congress of Vienna, and of his achievement in assembling, equipping and training thirty thousand men from scratch in eighteen months. This is a timely reassessment in the two hundredth anniversary year of the battle of Waterloo. The veneration which the Duke of Wellington justifiably enjoyed after the Waterloo Campaign should not be allowed to forgive his lifelong lack of acknowledgment of the debt he owed the Netherlanders. As he once said himself, ‘there should be glory enough for all’, and it is high time that they are allowed to claim their share. Some books that may interest you Hitler's Olympics By: Anton Rippon Hitler's Battleships By: Edwyn Gray Stukas Over the Mediterranean, 1940-1945 By: Peter C Smith Warships of the Napoleonic Era By: Robert Gardiner Slaughter Over Sicily By: Charles Whiting Ladies of Lascaris By: Paul McDonald Foreword by: John Rhys-Davies Doctor Goebbels By: Heinrich Fraenkel, Roger Manvell Walking the Western Front By: Ed Skelding Tank Warfare on the Eastern Front 1941-1942 By: Robert Forczyk Categories Archaeology Aviation-> Bletchley Park Churchill Intelligence, Espionage, SOE Maritime Memoirs-> Military Modelling Modern Warfare-> Pre WWI-> Agincourt Alexander the Great American History Battle of Waterloo Boer/Zulu War Colonial Warfare Crimean War English Civil War Greece Medieval History Napoleonic Rome Prisoners Of War Types of Warfare-> Wargaming WWI-> WWII-> Frontline Books-> Greenhill Books-> Seaforth Publishing Available Soon Books by Series Reviewed Books Quick Find Use keywords to find the book you are looking for. Advanced Search Information Contact Us Disclosure: Military History books are affiliates of the suppliers on this website and will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.
0.995755	Gwen Stefani and Gavin Rossdale's former nanny 'reveals she's pregnant', amid claims she ended their marriage - Mirror Online News UK NewsUS NewsWorld NewsWeird NewsReal LifeMore Hopeful PoliticsCrimeRoyalsMoneyTechScience Sport FootballBoxingUFCCricketRugby UnionRugby LeagueF1 RacingGolfTennisAthleticsDartsSnooker Travel NewsUK & IrelandEuropeUSA & CanadaCaribbeanAfrica CruisesCheap FlightsAsia & Middle EastAustralia & New ZealandCentral & South America Lifestyle HealthFamilyFashion & Beauty MotoringSex & RelationshipsDieting Celebs TV Films Partners BingoCartoonsCompetitionsCrosswordsDating Funeral NoticesHoroscopesOffersNewsletter signup Voucher codes AsosNikeArgosJohn LewisCurrys BookingSHEINPrettylittlethingGrouponBoohoo COVID-19 Politics Football Celebs Money In Your Area Got A Story? Shop COVID-19NewsPoliticsFootballCelebsTVMoney Share COVID-19 News Politics Football Celebs TV Money Gwen Stefani and Gavin Rossdale's former nanny 'reveals she's pregnant', amid claims she ended their marriage Mindy Mann is accused of previously having an affair with Gavin - but they're yet to confirm the rumours Is she expecting? ( Image: Splash/Getty) By Rebecca Pocklington 08:56, 7 Mar 2016 \| comments Gwen Stefani and Gavin Rossdale's former nanny is pregnant, it has been claimed. Mindy Mann was previously accused of having an affair with Gavin before he split from Gwen, and was recently snapped with him on a dinner date. But she's hit headlines again this week as it's claimed she's pregnant. The brunette beauty's sister Nicole added a social media snap appearing to confirm her sibling is expecting a boy. Nanny Mindy Mann expecting? ( Image: Splash) Is that Mindy's bump? ( Image: nicolejennifermann/Instagram) In one, she is seen with Mindy's housemate, Cayla Black, as they lean in and air kiss a baby bump. Meanwhile another photo shows a woman, apparently Mindy, hiding her face behind a large blue giraffe-shaped balloon, with the caption: "'It's a boy." And Mindy's mum also got involved, posting a message online which read: "Poor grandma lives too far away. Maybe I can fit him/her in my luggage and bring him/her home to Aussie." While it's unclear who the father is, Mail Online claims Mindy is dating Spencer Gutcheon, a snowboarding instructor from California. Is that you Mindy? ( Image: nicolejennifermann/Instagram) Last year it was reported that Gavin and Gwen's marriage broke down when he cheated with Mindy - but neither of them ever confirmed the rumours. According to Us Weekly, a devastated Gwen found evidence of their deception on a family iPad that had been linked to her husband's phone. Read more : Gavin Rossdale enjoys lunch with former nanny despite allegations Nude photos and explicit messages - where the couple arranged to meet up for sex - were said to have been stumbled across by another nanny, who later alerted Gwen. Mindy was reportedly fired soon after but Gavin did not confess for months that he'd been in a prolonged relationship with their staff member. Gwen, Gavin, and nanny Mindy Mann ( Image: AKM-GSI) Read more:Mindy Mann 'copied Gwen Stefani's looks and diet' Instead he apparently initially insisted that it was just a case of simple 'flirtation'. While evidence of adultery still hasn't been confirmed, Gwen appeared to hint that the rumours were true during an interview last year. "Everybody knows that my life blew up last February. I'd just been dealing with that," she told KIIS FM. Gwen has now found love with fellow The Voice coach Blake Shelton and recently confirmed her latest single Make Me Like You is about him. 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0.99998	11/20/2016 - When you see a substantial shift in what is causing most humans to die, there are many questions scientists and researchers should be asking – about changes in the environment, changes in the food and changes in the way we treat illnesses (Big Pharma comes to mind). So it's likely researchers... Whitney Houston cause of death cover-up? Coroner changes story, blames cocaine, not pharmaceuticals 3/24/2012 - There's something afoot in the changing story about what actually killed Whitney Houston. According to the official coroner's report that was recently released, Whitney Houston died from drowning and cocaine was a "contributing factor." All the other prescription drugs found in her system were dismissed... 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Drugs: Psychiatric Drugs: Chemical Warfare on Humans - interview with Robert Whitaker Lead: 8,000 Toxic Waste Sites Ignored by EPA; Massive Lead Contamination at Shooting Ranges Studies: The Case for Homeopathic Medicine: Consider the Historical and Scientific Evidence Death: 131 Ways for an Infant to Die: Vaccines and Sudden Death Treatment: INVESTIGATION: Three days before Dr. Bradstreet was found dead in a river, U.S. govt. agents raided his research facility to seize a breakthrough cancer treatment called GcMAF Drug: The FDA Exposed: An Interview With Dr. David Graham, the Vioxx Whistleblower Safe: The FDA Exposed: An Interview With Dr. David Graham, the Vioxx Whistleblower Human: The big lie of genetics exposed: human DNA incapable of storing complete blueprint of the human form Cancer: Cancer is not a Disease - It's a Survival Mechanism (Book Excerpt) Heart disease: Resveratrol, the miracle nutrient to prevent heart disease United States: 28 Senators vote to maintain Big Pharma monopoly over U.S. consumers; Republicans oppose free trade for medicine Disease: Disease Economy: How the United States economy runs on "treating" chronic disease Subscribe to the Health Ranger's FREE email newsletter Follow @HealthRanger Concepts related to Cause of death antibiotics science antibiotic tuberculosis bacteria health drugs lead studies death treatment findings drug safe humans human mice cancer smoking prevention lung cancer heart disease United States disease diagnosis women university heart people Connecticut states mortality men cancer prevention overweight public health alcohol prostate cancer Canada breast cancer vegetables View cause of death on NaturalPedia™ Today's Top Stories on NaturalNews Today \| Week \| Month \| Year THE REAL AGENDA: Leading doctor says covid “vaccines” are intentionally designed to reduce world population - NaturalNews.com How they plan to kill BILLIONS with the common flu: Covid vaccines induce “AIDS” immune system failure, opening door to death via common flu strains - NaturalNews.com New “Omicron” variant so far detected ONLY in the “fully vaccinated” - NaturalNews.com CLOWN WORLD on parade as covid tyrants “allow” you to use toilets again… government actions now resemble South Park episodes - NaturalNews.com BOMBSHELL: There is NO scientific evidence that covid-19 vaccines have saved a single life - NaturalNews.com STILLBIRTHS GALORE: The infant death wave has begun as pregnant women continue getting jabbed for “covid” - NaturalNews.com The Dark Winter DIE-OFF begins: Mass vaccination deaths collide with engineered starvation and the collapse of gas and energy - NaturalNews.com IMPOSSIBLE SCIENCE: Novavax says it will have a new “vaccine” ready in just two weeks for the “Omicron” variant, which appeared just last week - NaturalNews.com DESIGNED TO FAIL: Israeli scientists document rapid FAILURE of covid vaccines, push booster shots anyway - NaturalNews.com Israel flipping out over spread of new “Omicron” covid strain - vaccines and “boosters” proving to be medically useless - NaturalNews.com NOT SATIRE: Germans wanting to die now have to get “vaccinated” for covid first before receiving euthanasia - NaturalNews.com Biden suspends (delays) covid jab mandate for federal workers as resistance against vax mandate strengthens - NaturalNews.com Rand Paul verbally backhands Anthony Fauci after Biden health czar claimed his critics are “anti-science” - NaturalNews.com Child deaths in the UK surge after COVID-19 vaccine rollout - NaturalNews.com Drs. Bryan Ardis and Peter McCullough talk about athletes dying after getting COVID vaccines - Brighteon.TV - NaturalNews.com Texas man with natural immunity DIES after being forced to take COVID-19 vaccine while awaiting lung transplant - NaturalNews.com South Pole records its coldest six months stretch, as Arctic Sea ice volume expands, nearing 20-year record - NaturalNews.com PROOF that COVID “vaccines” cause prion disease - NaturalNews.com Ten OMICRON “variant” predictions for 2022 and beyond… globalist authoritarian playbook stripped naked - NaturalNews.com Corporate media hysteria pushers puke up another COVID “scariant” campaign in desperate FEAR PLOY for totalitarian control - NaturalNews.com POLIO is a man-made disease caused by heavy metals exposure, not a virus… the entire history of polio and vaccines was fabricated - NaturalNews.com COVID-19 vaccines will kill people while making their underlying conditions appear to be the cause, prominent doctor warns - NaturalNews.com PROOF that COVID “vaccines” cause prion disease - NaturalNews.com THE REAL AGENDA: Leading doctor says covid “vaccines” are intentionally designed to reduce world population - NaturalNews.com PSYCHO-BIO-WARFARE: OMICRON hysteria is a virus of the mind with no basis in physical reality… it’s all a mind game to drive people to vax suicide - NaturalNews.com The SCIENCE is CLEAR: Higher covid “vaccine” coverage equals higher excess mortality - NaturalNews.com How they plan to kill BILLIONS with the common flu: Covid vaccines induce “AIDS” immune system failure, opening door to death via common flu strains - NaturalNews.com Nutritional solutions against Covid that support immune function in the presence of ALL variants - NaturalNews.com New “Omicron” variant so far detected ONLY in the “fully vaccinated” - NaturalNews.com VAERS data reveals 50-fold increase in ectopic pregnancies following COVID-19 vaccine shots - NaturalNews.com CLOWN WORLD on parade as covid tyrants “allow” you to use toilets again… government actions now resemble South Park episodes - NaturalNews.com No longer a conspiracy theory: Australia admits using military to send people to covid camps - NaturalNews.com Travis Scott summons DEMONS to his Astroworld Concert and 10 people died, hundreds got injured; now he’s being sued for $2 billion in damages - NaturalNews.com BOMBSHELL: There is NO scientific evidence that covid-19 vaccines have saved a single life - NaturalNews.com Cancer expert says U.K. seeing spike in “non-covid deaths,” nobody willing to call out vaccine elephant in the room - NaturalNews.com STUDY: Injecting sulfur into the atmosphere (as Bill Gates is doing) is a recipe for climate disaster - NaturalNews.com SCIENCE HORROR: Vaccine spike protein enters cell nuclei, suppresses DNA repair engine of the human body, will unleash explosion of cancer, immunodeficiency, autoimmune disorders and accelerated aging - NaturalNews.com Ten OMICRON “variant” predictions for 2022 and beyond… globalist authoritarian playbook stripped naked - NaturalNews.com Only PUREBLOODS will survive the vaccine / radiation holocaust being unleashed against humanity… the spike protein in vaccines causes genetic DISINTEGRATION - NaturalNews.com The SMALLPOX BIOWAR – globalists prepare “perfect” scheme to cover up vaccine deaths and cancel mid-term elections by unleashing a new, deadly epidemic - NaturalNews.com The vaccinated are DROPPING DEAD in plain view as Fauci and the media admit total vax FAILURE… while pimping more booster shots for the gullible - NaturalNews.com FOUR TIMES more vaxxed people are dying than unvaxxed… depopulation effects are kicking in and the bodies are piling up - NaturalNews.com American government poised to unleash “Angel of Death” smallpox bioweapon to create perpetual crisis - NaturalNews.com Decarbonization TERRAFORMING of planet Earth is now under way… giant machines to be installed in Iowa to suck “life molecules” out of the atmosphere and cause global crops to FAIL - NaturalNews.com COVID VAX GENOCIDE: Children’s hospitals now being flooded with INFANT cardiac patients - NaturalNews.com Ozone treatments REVERSE blood cell clotting, lumping caused by covid vaccines – striking visual evidence - NaturalNews.com Italy's suspected covid death tally corrected from 132,161 to 3,783… this is where covid hysteria began, and it was 97% FICTION - NaturalNews.com The world is starting to notice how many young athletes are DYING after taking covid vaccines - NaturalNews.com Democrat leader Nancy Pelosi rambles about “privileged scrub” and bird baths in stunning demonstration of cognitive decline that now characterizes the Brandon administration - NaturalNews.com Corporate media hysteria pushers puke up another COVID “scariant” campaign in desperate FEAR PLOY for totalitarian control - NaturalNews.com Australia begins covid ETHNIC CLEANSING with military roundups of indigenous people… junk science “sewage” testing used to imprison entire communities at gunpoint - NaturalNews.com THE KILLING FIELDS: Dozens of athletes now confirmed to have dropped dead from covid “vaccines” - NaturalNews.com POLIO is a man-made disease caused by heavy metals exposure, not a virus… the entire history of polio and vaccines was fabricated - NaturalNews.com TICK TOCK, DOC: Vaccine-pushing doctors “dropping like flies” after getting covid jabbed - NaturalNews.com MEDICAL SHOCKER: Scientists at Sloan Kettering discover mRNA inactivates tumor-suppressing proteins, meaning it can promote cancer - NaturalNews.com Microwave ovens ‘fluke’ your heart while they ‘nuke’ your food - alarming studies reveal microwave frequency radiation can affect heart and blood - NaturalNews.com Bombshell Salk Institute science paper reveals the covid spike protein is what’s causing deadly blood clots… and it’s in all the covid vaccines (by design) - NaturalNews.com BREAKING: Dr. Fauci admits COVID vaccine may not be safe - NaturalNews.com RESEARCH: Dandelion leaf extract blocks spike proteins from binding to the ACE2 cell surface receptor - NaturalNews.com STUDY: Pfizer vaccine causes catastrophic damage to every system of your body - NaturalNews.com Everyone vaccinated for covid will DIE, warns French virologist - NaturalNews.com Top vaccine scientist warns the world: HALT all covid-19 vaccinations immediately, or “uncontrollable monster” will be unleashed - NaturalNews.com Is pine needle tea the answer to covid vaccine shedding / transmission? Learn about suramin, shikimic acid and how to make your own extracts - NaturalNews.com Brighteon.com announces new name: Brighteon.com - NaturalNews.com ALERT: Doctor says mRNA vaccines “will kill most people” through heart failure, 62% of vaccinated people already show microscopic blood clots - NaturalNews.com EXTERMINATION machine unmasked: Why vaccinated people are making HEALTHY people sick, Pfizer document admits vaccinated people “shed” infectious particles, the spike protein is the bioweapon - NaturalNews.com BOMBSHELL: HHS documents admit the CDC has never isolated any “covid-19 virus” … PCR tests nothing but instrument NOISE … the global HOAX is rapidly unraveling - NaturalNews.com BOMBSHELL: Connecticut govt. secretly tells health care workers covid vaccines are DEADLY, but withholds the same information from the public - NaturalNews.com BOMBSHELL: Pfizer’s own documents admit covid vaccines will shed infectious particles to others - NaturalNews.com Situation Update, Dec. 16th – Epic counterattack readied against “Cyber Pearl Harbor” - NaturalNews.com Two bombshell interviews: John Moore reveals military knowledge of civilization-ending global event, while attorney Thomas Renz warns of coming tidal wave of vaccine mandate lawsuits - NaturalNews.com CDC confesses: Vaccines are failing, the vaxxed can be super-spreaders, demands return to mask mandates for everyone, including the vaxxed - NaturalNews.com See All Top Headlines... 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0.955886	Are you one of those who are looking forward to the 2022 fashion trend predictions? You can get not only predictions of 2022 fashion trends. Because the Forcasting Trend already has answers from the 2021 fashion trends to the 2022 fashion trends. The prediction of the 2021 – 2022 fashion trend is wrapped in an article with the theme The New Beginning. The article explains that there are four themes that will dominate in 2021-2022. This theme is taken based on research that has been done by the Fashion Trends team. “The tendency to change the mindset of human behavioral factors every period is influenced by external factors, now perhaps the whole world is experiencing the same behavior (Pandemic),” “Automatically affects how humans respond in terms of how creative they respond to it, this is our parameter in research,” These four themes are inspired by the lives that humans live during the pandemic. In each fashion theme in 2021-2022, star the message of a change in fashion style due to the pandemic that “forces” humans to change. These four themes include Essentiality, Spirituality, Exploration, and Exploitation. A brief explanation of the details of the four themes of the following 2021-2022 fashion trends. Essentiality Theme In the theme of Essentiality, fashion is described which elevates the changes in the living activities of urban groups with the dominance of activities around the home environment. The pandemic that hit from 2020 to the present has made most people spend more time at home. Activities at home such as work, school or doing other things. This idea gave birth to the Essentiality theme, in which a comfortable fashion style, focused on function and not too much detail was born. Meanwhile, the patterns that will be used by the Essentiality theme are floral and fauna patterns. Then because they want to bring out a comfortable fashion style, a childish style, soft and fresh colors will dominate this theme. For a solid match, the Essentiality theme combines a sporty casual style with a romantic feminine style. Spirituality Theme The pandemic has changed the mindset of people, this disaster managed to make the whole world haunted by fear because of an epidemic. This is what makes humans much more spiritual and closer to nature. From here, the theme of Spirituality was raised, this theme describes the change in human mindset that is more grounded in traditional values, culture, and respect for the work process. Thus creating a classic elegant style with a touch of exotic ethnicity. Thus, it is only natural that this fashion theme puts more emphasis on the use of natural materials, traditional motifs and textiles, and handwork details that are displayed in clothing with the theme of Spirituality. This outfit is made with a high technical emphasis and quality in neutral and earthy tones. Exploitation Theme Since the pandemic, humans have become completely limited in carrying out various activities. This Exploitation theme is a breakthrough from all the limitations that occurred during the pandemic. So this theme gives rise to a lively, optimistic and tends to be excessive. No longer wanting to be limited in any way, the Exploitation theme gave birth to a fashion style with excessive elements both in detail, shape and size application. The combination of bold motif elements, colors that collide with each other to maximized size makes the Exploitation theme look more dramatic and seem chaotic. Exploration Theme The Exploration theme depicts a new hope after the pandemic ends. The fashion style on the Exploration theme forces us to travel beyond the present to find a brighter future. Demanded as a survivor, in the Exploration theme clothing, various elements of techno in an explorer style, unique, and eccentric are raised. Then the combination of unusual colors, textures, and motifs tend to dominate this theme. The motifs presented are inspired by digital elements in an arty off-beat style with a sporty look. Those are the four themes of the 2022 fashion trend, if you want to prefer and match clothes with what theme?
0.999765	Protests against COVID-19 restrictions erupted into rioting and looting for the third consecutive day on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe Also on Sunday, Guadeloupe Prefect Alexandre Rochatte, who has imposed a subsequent curfew, denounced the violence, noting that 38 people were arrested overnight Unions called for the protests to denounce France's COVID-19 health pass, which is required for entering restaurants, cafes, cultural venues, sports arenas and long-distance travel, as well as mandatory vaccinations for health care workers BASSE-TERRE, Guadeloupe: Protests against COVID-19 restrictions erupted into rioting and looting for the third consecutive day on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, an overseas territory of France, prompting French authorities to send police special forces to the island. At 33 percent vaccinated, compared to 75 percent across France, the island's 400,000 people struggle with low vaccination rates. On Sunday, firefighters were called out 48 times overnight, while road blocks set up by protesters made traveling across the island nearly impossible. In Pointe-a-Pitre, the island's largest urban area, clashes left three people injured, including an 80-year-old woman hit by a bullet while on her balcony. A firefighter and a police officer were also injured and several shops were looted. Also on Sunday, Guadeloupe Prefect Alexandre Rochatte, who has imposed a subsequent curfew, denounced the violence, noting that 38 people were arrested overnight. Pointe-a-Pitre resident Emilie Guisbert, 47, whose home in the building owned by her father was set on fire on Thursday evening, told The Associated Press, "I lost everything. I went out with my cellphone and what I was wearing. It is 100 years of memory of a Guadeloupean family that went up in smoke in 15 minutes." Unions called for the protests to denounce France's COVID-19 health pass, which is required for entering restaurants, cafes, cultural venues, sports arenas and long-distance travel, as well as mandatory vaccinations for health care workers. The unions also broadened their demands to include a general wage increase, more unemployment benefits and the hiring of more teachers. In an interview Sunday with Le Parisien newspaper, French Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin denounced the violence as "unacceptable," noting that 50 police special forces officers were arriving Sunday on the island, adding to the 200 offers sent earlier. Share article: Watch latest videos Subscribe and Follow Get a daily dose of Oklahoma City Sun news through our daily email, its complimentary and keeps you fully up to date with world and business news as well. Subscribe Now News RELEASES Publish news of your business, community or sports group, personnel appointments, major event and more by submitting a news release to Oklahoma City Sun. More Information 47 ℉ Fair in Oklahoma City Business Section New electric car factory in Beijing targets 300,000 cars annually BEIJING, China: Chinese smartphone company Xiaomi has signed a cooperation agreement to build an electric auto assembly plant in Beijing ... Stocks in Asia choppy, uncertain SYDNEY, NSW, Australia - Asian stock markets were wary on Thursday after major falls on local markets and overseas over ... Big jump in can costs could close many small craft beers: officials BROOMFIELD, Colorado: One of the world's largest suppliers of aluminum cans, Ball Corp, is increasing the minimum number of cans ... U.S. stock markets go into panic after first Omicron case is reported NEW YORK, New York - A single case of Omicron, that being the first in the U.S., sent stocks into ... After outage, no 911 calls, T-Mobile to pay $20 million fine WASHINGTON D.C.: As part of a settlement with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), following a 12-hour outage in June 2020 ... Indian government tells citizens not to purchase Starlink internet NEW DELHI, India: The Starlink Internet Services of Elon Musk's SpaceX aerospace company has been told by the Indian government ... International Section Notre Dame rebuild plans called 'woke theme park' by critics PARIS, France: The rebuilding of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris has come under fire from critics, after the new plans ... Lebanese take to streets as currency drops 90% in value BEIRUT, Lebanon: Protesting Lebanese took to the streets, lighting tires on fire and blocking roads throughout Lebanon to express their ... Stowaway survives in landing gear on Guatemala flight to Miami MIAMI, Florida: A stowaway has been found alive in the landing gear of an American Airlines plane that flew from ... New German government says workers should expect 25% pay increase BERLIN, Germany: Almost 2 million workers in Germany, Europe's largest economy, are set for a major pay increase, as part ... After riots, labor strife France weighs semi-autonomy for Guadeloupe PARIS, France: The French government is offering increased autonomy for the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, after COVID-19-related riots and long-running ... Villagers flee to escape air raids in Sagaing, Myanmar SAGAING, Myanmar - According to local sources, air attacks and shelling drove thousands of people from at least nine villages ...
0.999823	Home Technology News Science COVID-19: US researchers discover new anti-body capable of mitigating infections Breaking News Researchers in the US have found a new anti-body that could limit the severity of infections from a variety of coronaviruses, including those which cause COVID and SARS illnesses. According to the study published in Science Translational Medicine, the new anti-body was identified by a team comprising of scientists at Duke University and the University of North Carolina. The newly discovered antibody has the potential to be “therapeutic for the current pandemic," the team said in the aftermath. "This antibody has the potential to be therapeutic for the current epidemic," co-senior author Barton Haynes, M.D., director of DHVI was quoted as saying by ANI. "It could also be available for future outbreaks, if or when other coronaviruses jump from their natural animal hosts to humans." According to the study, the antibody was isolated by analysing the blood of a COVID patient and another man who was infected with the original SARS virus in the early 2000s. It was subsequently tested on animal models at UNC-Chapel Hill. As per the researchers, the anti-body was one out of the 1,700 which the human body produces to combat foreign viruses and other pathogens. READ \| Bengal logs 862 new COVID-19 cases, 11 more deaths COVID-19 vaccine wastage Meanwhile, in other coronavirus related news, the California Department of Public Health reported that US states squandered an average of 4.8% of their available vaccine doses of COVID-19, citing data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The San Francisco Chronicle reported that the primary cause for dumping the COVID-19 vaccines was that the medicine expired or opened and could go bad before it can be used, or has been overused and destroyed. In April, providers dumped 13,829 doses or 0.13% of the available COVID Vaccines. However, each month since, the wasted proportion of vaccine doses has crept upward, to 1.11% in October, bringing the seven-month total to 611,328 doses. Health providers have discarded approximately 645,000 doses of life-saving COVID-19 vaccines in California since they were accessible in December last year, an average of 58,614 per month, according to the California Department of Public Health. The startling figure, however, represents only 1% of the total 58 million doses made available in California between 15 December 2020 and 22 October 2021, according to the report. NBC News reported this month that the government agency said vaccination suppliers threw out more than 15 million doses between March and August.
0.956686	NewsNews Based on facts, either observed and verified directly by the reporter, or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources. UCLA DL Martin Andrus Jr., after two ACL surgeries, gets his moment The redshirt senior, out most of the past two seasons with serious knee injuries, was a captain for the USC game Share this: Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Click to print (Opens in new window) UCLA captain and defensive lineman Martin Andrus Jr., right, shakes hands with USC’s Vavae Malepeai ahead of the rivalry game Nov. 20, 2021, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. (Photo courtesy of Don Liebig/ASUCLA Photography) By James H. Williams \| [email protected] \| PUBLISHED: November 23, 2021 at 4:41 p.m. \| UPDATED: November 23, 2021 at 6:45 p.m. LOS ANGELES — Redshirt senior defensive lineman Martin Andrus Jr. has missed the past 26 UCLA football games and spent most of the past two years trying to work his way back on the field. Not because one of one torn anterior cruciate ligament. Try both. Andrus suffered the first serious knee injury during pregame warm-ups ahead of the Oregon State game in 2019. He played in just three games that season. Andrus was in the process of working his way back from the first injury when he suffered the second ACL tear in his other leg. “It was devastating, but I knew and understood what it would take to come back, so I already knew what to do the second go-around,” Andrus said, who underwent surgery on each knee. “I had a way better mindset about it. It was a bummer, but it builds character, so I just took it head on.” The defensive lineman called the rehab process long and that “some days were better than others” but never questioned whether he’d ever play again. A return appeared possible for Andrus this season after he was cleared for full contact in recent weeks. UCLA coach Chip Kelly told the senior on Saturday that he would be a team captain for the Bruins (7-4 overall, 5-3 Pac-12) and be out there for the coin toss ahead of the 62-33 victory over USC. “He’s special,” Kelly said. “I was so excited to tell him that he was going to be a captain in the Coliseum and lead us out there and then to get him in the game and watch him start to get back on the field.” “It was just a huge honor for me because I’ve never had an opportunity to be a team captain before,” Andrus said. “That was really big.” Andrus’ name doesn’t show up in the box score because he didn’t record a statistic on the field but his name does appear on the list of participating players – something he hadn’t done since the Bruins played Oklahoma in a nonconference game at the Rose Bowl on Sept. 14, 2019. “Honestly, it was just perfect timing,” said Andrus, a highly rated recruit out of Los Angeles High. “Beating USC in the crosstown rivalry is always pretty big, but it was just good to be back. “I didn’t care if it was USC or Cal or whoever. I just wanted to come back and play still. It was just an honor and a blessing to be back and be able to play football again.” Andrus was “grateful and thankful for everybody” that supported him throughout his rehab, and to hear from his friends and former teammates on social media over the weekend. “Martin worked his tail off. Ever since he got injured from a freak accident,” UCLA quarterback Dorian Thompson-Robinson said. “We want the best for Martin. This whole team just couldn’t wait to see him play. “I couldn’t wait to see him get back out on the field doing what he loves. I couldn’t be more proud of him too.” Linebacker Shea Pitts joined the football program the same year as Andrus in 2017 and has witnessed his teammate’s journey. “A lot of people can come motivated and do things when they are doing well and things are good. but when things are bad and you’re not doing well and you’re hurt, that really shows your character,” Pitts said. “For Martin to come back after not just one ACL (injury) but two, to get back on the field is just an unbelievable testament to his character. … I’m really proud of him and I’ve told him that.” Related Articles UCLA DL coach Johnny Nansen hired as Arizona’s defensive coordinator USC hires Lincoln Riley: The winners and losers from a momentous Pac-12 development What USC’s hiring of Lincoln Riley means for the Pac-12 (hint: it’s gargantuan) UCLA’s Myles Jackson, A.J. Campbell Jr. plan to enter transfer portal Dorian Thompson-Robinson, UCLA rout Cal Kelly mentioned during the postgame press conference that he admired Andrus’ resilience and the way he continued to persevere through his injuries. “It was really cool to have him back,” Kelly added. “We’re really excited that we got at least two more games with him.” There’s a chance the Bruins may have more than two more games with Andrus, who has the ability to take advantage of the extra year of eligibility granted by the NCAA because of the 2020 pandemic-shortened season. Andrus is expected to be in uniform against Cal on Saturday (7:30 p.m., FS1) at the Rose Bowl. Newsroom Guidelines News Tips Contact Us Report an Error Get the latest news delivered daily! Subscribe Follow Us Facebook Twitter RSS Most Popular Most Popular Yaamava’ Resort & Casino to open hotel Dec. 13 Yaamava’ Resort & Casino to open hotel Dec. 13 San Bernardino could censure first elected official in 20 years San Bernardino could censure first elected official in 20 years Former Yucaipa employee stole more than $300,000, city manager says Former Yucaipa employee stole more than $300,000, city manager says Driver sought in San Bernardino hit-and-run that killed Highland woman, 65 Driver sought in San Bernardino hit-and-run that killed Highland woman, 65 What to do if you see a semi truck speeding or driving in the carpool lane What to do if you see a semi truck speeding or driving in the carpool lane COVID: Why California is moving forward with firing vaccine-resistant health care workers COVID: Why California is moving forward with firing vaccine-resistant health care workers 14 cows dead after abandoned motorcycle causes trucks to collide in Hesperia 14 cows dead after abandoned motorcycle causes trucks to collide in Hesperia Disneyland sold out for the rest of December Disneyland sold out for the rest of December Riverside King High student arrested after employee is attacked Riverside King High student arrested after employee is attacked First confirmed US case of Omicron coronavirus variant detected in California First confirmed US case of Omicron coronavirus variant detected in California Tags: UCLA UCLA Sports ucla-football James H. Williams \| Digital producer / reporter James H. Williams joined the Southern California News Group in 2013 with a passion for sports, social media and journalism that has led to his role as a Digital Sports Producer. When covering a local sporting event, he can be found roaming the sidelines and at the snack bar during halftime. [email protected] Follow James H. Williams @JHWreporter View Comments Join the Conversation We invite you to use our commenting platform to engage in insightful conversations about issues in our community. Although we do not pre-screen comments, we reserve the right at all times to remove any information or materials that are unlawful, threatening, abusive, libelous, defamatory, obscene, vulgar, pornographic, profane, indecent or otherwise objectionable to us, and to disclose any information necessary to satisfy the law, regulation, or government request. We might permanently block any user who abuses these conditions. 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0.999968	On Air Now {{ schedule.current.name }} {{ schedule.current.formatted_starts_at }} - {{ schedule.current.formatted_ends_at }} Loading Pause Listen Home News Sport Death Notices Podcasts Schedule Explore Competitions Bingo Bingo books Bingo terms Helplines Competitions Bingo Bingo books Bingo terms Helplines Advertisement News Longford man calls for more conversations on mental health Nov 24, 2021 16:11 By Shannonside News Share this article A Longford man is exploring 30 counties in November to raise funds for suicide prevention and to remember his younger brother A Longford man is spending the month of November travelling around 30 counties in 30 days in memory of his young brother. John McCord lost his younger brother Andrew ,who was 18, to suicide last year. He says he travelled with a group of his friends after his brother's death to raise funds for suicide prevention, but this year he decided to do something different that would allow him pay tribute to Andrew in the process. Advertisement John says Andrew was always daring people to do something ridiculous, and he used this as motivation for his journeys this month. He's also attempting to grow a moustache as part of Movember. The Longford man says he wants to help stop so many people dying too young, and he's hoping to have conversations about mental health during some of the trips this month.
0.99989	Astros GM Jeff Luhnow Apologizes for Initial Reaction Following Brandon Taubman's Outburst: 'It Was Wrong' Author: Alaa Abdeldaiem David J Phillip/AP/Shutterstock Astros general manager Jeff Luhnow said the organization was wrong for issuing its initial statement following assistant general manager Brandon Taubman's clubhouse outburst during the team's American League title celebration. Speaking to reporters hours after Taubman's firing, Luhnow admitted that the Astros' original statement "should have never been sent" but declined to reveal who wrote or approved it. "That original reaction by the Astros was wrong, and we own it as an organization," Luhnow said. "There were many people involved in reviewing that and approving that, and I'm not going to get into the details of that. It was wrong. It was the Astros' decision." On Monday, Sports Illustrated's Stephanie Apstein reported that Taubman shouted "Thank God we got Osuna! I’m so f------ glad we got Osuna!" at three female reporters in the Astros' clubhouse following their Game 6 victory on Saturday night to clinch the American League pennant. Multiple outlets—including the Houston Chronicle and Yahoo! Sports—corroborated SI's reporting. After the publication of Apstein's story, the Astros released a statement calling it an "attempt to fabricate a story where one does not exist." Luhnow said that, before the initial statement was issued, only Taubman and another Astros employee were spoken to for their perspective. SI Recommends Suns win 17th straight by beating Warriors 104-96 By AP News By AP News Kings to visit Clippers as inconsistent teams square off By AP News The Baseball Writers Association of America released a statement demanding that the Astros issue a public apology for falsely accusing Apstein. The Astros fired Taubman on Thursday, apologizing to "Apstein, Sports Illustrated and to all individuals who witnessed this incident or were offended by the inappropriate conduct." "Our initial belief was based on witness statements about the incident. Subsequent interviews have revealed that Taubman's inappropriate comments, were, in fact, directed toward one or more reporters," the team said in a statement. "Accordingly, we have terminated Brandon Taubman's employment with the Houston Astros. His conduct does not reflect the values of our organization and we believe this is the most appropriate course of action." Luhnow said he had not yet reached out to Apstein or the other reporters who witnessed the incident but that it was "devastating" to learn what really happened. "I wouldn’t wish it on anyone in this room, just like I wouldn’t wish it on anyone in this room to sit up here and answer these questions either," he said. Luhnow added that the Astros decided on Wednesday to take action against Taubman unilaterally ahead of MLB's decision, and that Taubman's behavior was "out of character." "This is not a cultural issue," Luhnow said. "We have a lot of really good people in our front office, our coaching staff, and our team." MLB announced on Tuesday it would launch an investigation into the comments made by Taubman and interview those involved. By Alaa Abdeldaiem YOU MAY LIKE MLB MLB Owners Vote Unanimously to Institute Lockout With the MLB's collective bargaining agreement expiring, the league will experience its first work stoppage since 1995. By Nick Selbe College Basketball N.C. State Beats Nebraska in 4OT Thriller Dereon Seabron's 39 points in 57 minutes played lifted Wolfpack to a win in the Big Ten-ACC Challenge. By Associated Press MLB Report: Red Sox Trade Renfroe to Brewers for Bradley Jr., Prospects Renfroe hit 31 home runs in 2021, his first season in Boston. The move reunites Bradley with the Red Sox, where he played for eight years. By Nick Selbe College Football Source: Format Is Still Biggest Obstacle to CFP Expansion Continued talks to expand the playoff remained stalled in Wednesday's meeting. By Madeline Coleman NBA Enes Freedom Cheered In First Game Since Name Change The Celtics center became a U.S. citizen this week and has been outspoken recently in trying to draw attention to injustices in China. By Nick Selbe College Football No. 1 Slot Kevin Coleman Scores Four TDs in Four Different Ways SI99 recruit from St. Louis the latest Freak of the Week honoree By John Garcia Jr. Sportsperson Braves, Bucks Among Nominees for SI's Team of the Year The Sports Illustrated Awards will be announced on Dec. 7. By Michael Shapiro Sportsperson Ball, Franco Among SI's Breakthrough Athlete of the Year Nominees The Sports Illustrated Awards will be announced on Dec. 7. By Michael Shapiro Loading… MORE Privacy Policy Reviews Terms of Use Advertise with Us Customer Service SI Pressroom © 2021 ABG-SI LLC. SPORTS ILLUSTRATED is a registered trademark of ABG-SI LLC. All Rights Reserved. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy
0.997727	Andrew Scheer speaks after winning the leadership at the Conservative Party convention in Toronto on May 27, 2017.MARK BLINCH/Reuters Share A substantial discrepancy in the final ballot count at the Conservative leadership convention is threatening to spill into open revolt and undermine the electoral legitimacy of new leader Andrew Scheer. Followers of Maxime Bernier are raising alarm bells about the gap between the votes cast and the final number announced at last weekend's convention, where Mr. Scheer won a razor-thin victory over Mr. Bernier. "Obviously it is concerning, but I am hoping that the party is working very hard to provide a satisfactory answer to the candidates and the party," Conservative MP Tony Clement, a key player in the Bernier leadership team, told The Globe and Mail on Friday. Barrie McKenna: Andrew Scheer's economic plan for Canada remains a mystery Read more: How Maxime Bernier lost and Andrew Scheer won the Conservative leadership A Conservative Party whistleblower is expected to come forward on Monday with a sworn affidavit, detailing troubling questions about the results of the final vote, a member of the Bernier team told The Globe. The dispute could jeopardize Mr. Scheer's hold on the party leadership if Mr. Bernier – who has a large following among Conservatives – decides to publicly challenge the results. It may also be an indication that Mr. Bernier will not play the role of loyal soldier. The Conservative Party says 141,362 voters were counted last Saturday, but the strikeout list sent to all the campaigns appear to show 133,896 votes tallied. There were 10,429 spoiled or incomplete ballots. The Bernier camp wants to know why party director Dustin van Vugt ordered that all the ballots be destroyed immediately after the vote and why scrutineers were also not informed that there was a 7,466 vote discrepancy. Only 7,049 votes separated the two candidates on the final ballot. "There are deep concerns that there are more than 7,000 more ballots in the ballot box than there were supposed to be, which is a big problem," another senior Bernier adviser said, speaking on background. "Something went horribly wrong. That decision to destroy the ballots and not inform the scrutineers is a terrible decision." Conservative Party president Scott Lamb said the election was fair and the results stand. "Elections are decided and verified and complete, and people can speculate about them all they want. But it was an audited, final result," he said in an interview. "I think it's a distraction to a good and fair process and it's just unfortunate these sort of things go on where people are confused about some numbers and discrepancies that have nothing to do with the actual vote." Officials at Conservative Party headquarters are downplaying the seriousness of the Bernier team's allegations, noting they are coming from a losing camp in a lengthy, hard-fought campaign. "The story is there are some people who are mad," one party official said, speaking on background. "They thought they won and they had it taken away, and they're really angry." The party official said the discrepancy is due to the fact that the names of about 3,000 people who voted at 13 polling stations outside of Toronto weren't entered into the party's database and therefore weren't on the list provided to campaigns the night before the vote. The official said the other issue is inconsistent data entry on about 4,000 ballots – a result of volunteers having to go through more than 140,000 ballots in a short period of time. The party president said ballots were watched and verified from start to finish by both party scrutineers and auditing firm Deloitte. The ballots were kept in a locked room on a 24-hour webcam and transported in a locked Brink's truck from Deloitte in Vaughan, Ont., to the Toronto Congress Centre, where the vote was announced. "The integrity of the process for the ballots and the vote were scrupulously followed according to the rules for the leadership race," Mr. Lamb said. "The campaigns had scrutineers present at all times. Our auditors, Deloitte, verified and confirmed the result." Mr. Scheer's office declined to comment on the allegations, calling them a party matter. "The party runs the show. So this is a question for the party," spokesman Marc-André Leclerc said. The Bernier team said almost 7,500 votes is not a small discrepancy and they want to be able to talk to Deloitte about what happened. The Conservative Party said there is, however, a digital image of every ballot cast and claim if the votes were re-counted it would elicit the same result. Mr. Scheer edged out Mr. Bernier, the front-runner, by less than two percentage points on the 13th and final ballot, finishing with 50.95 per cent of the vote. Meanwhile, the National Firearms Association obtained the Conservative Party membership list and sent out flyers selling memberships to the gun lobby group. The Conservative Party plans to issue a cease and desist letter to the organization and demand it destroy the list. The membership list is traceable, so the party already knows which leadership candidate leaked the list. "We've passed along all information regarding this to our chief returning officer to make a ruling on what we believe is a violation of the use of the membership list we supplied to leadership campaigns," party spokesman Cory Hann said. He did not specify what the punishment might be for breaking the rules. Andrew Scheer addressed his first caucus meeting as Conservative party leader Monday, and delivered a message of unity. Scheer also outlined the party’s policy plans leading up to the 2019 federal election.
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Britons splurge an average of £1.5m raising children, buying a home, holidays and going out Previous Next Wimpey may float US arm By James Rossiter Updated: 04:51 EST, 6 October 2005 View comments GEORGE Wimpey, one of Britain's biggest housebuilders, is eyeing a £2bn flotation of its burgeoning US business. The plan is part of a strategy to improve the company's valuation amid directors' concerns that London investors have yet to grasp the growth potential of the American operations. Chief executive Peter Johnson wants to double the number of homes the firm builds in the US market to 10,000 a year by 2010 without the need to buy another builder. It has already doubled output from its US Morrison Homes division in the past five years. 'We have grown the business and earnings in the last five years and can double that value in the next five years,' he said. 'If that value is not reflected in our share price, we could crystallise it through a flotation. I am determined that, One way or another; we will create value for our shareholders.' In its first half to 3 July, operating profits from the Morrison division leaped 64% to £54.5m, accounting for 35% of group profits, up from 25% of the total a year ago. The value of Wimpey's landholdings and completed homes in the US is about £454m. A trade sale today might net Wimpey $1bn as US buyers tend to pay a small premium over the book value of assets. But a flotation today would give the Morrison division a market value of about $1.6bn. Add in debt and the value would rise to $1.8bn. A senior source predicts that Wimpey may want to build up its asset base further to $2bn before attempting a listing, bringing it closer to a flotation value of between $3.5bn and $4bn. Morrison will shortly open for business in Nevada to add to its operations in northern California, central Florida, Phoenix in Arizona, Denver in Colorado, and in Texas where its homes sold on average for $302,000 during the first half, up 9% on the year. Share or comment on this article: Wimpey may float US arm Some links in this article may be affiliate links. If you click on them we may earn a small commission. That helps us fund This Is Money, and keep it free to use. We do not write articles to promote products. We do not allow any commercial relationship to affect our editorial independence. 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0.911912	That time is upon us once again: Intern season. Internships have become increasingly popular, in fact approximately 500,000 to 1 million Americans work as interns every year. Internships are a great way to find new, fresh talent and bring innovative ideas to any industry. When done right, interns are such a rich talent pool that approximately 70% of employers offer their interns full-time jobs. Recruiting talent from all over the country is also becoming increasingly popular and common. As a result, relocation assistance is offered to interns by over half of employers. The most popular forms of relocation assistance typically fall under housing stipends and moving allowances (lump sum). College students are often very willing to relocate for internships, especially since the time period is definite. They know that at the end of the summer, they can return to the safe comfort of campus (or wherever their next chapter takes them). Use this opportunity to your advantage by making their summer relocation seamless. If they know they can last three months in another city successfully, they'll probably be willing to test the waters for a little longer if job opportunities come up after graduation. When recruiting interns, it's crucial to be able to pitch not only a killer internship program full of great opportunities, but also a relocation package that seems logical and worth the move. Think about it from their side: They’ve just moved in and out of their university housing in less than a year, and while moving again for an internship will be exciting, it can also be pretty stressful. What can you do? Make their internship experience worth their while! Here are 4 ways you can make your internship program more robust and beneficial for both parties (employer and intern) this summer: 1.) Onboarding, onboarding, onboarding Interns can be great targets for future full-time hires, which is why it is especially important to make their experience as valuable as yours. This all starts with onboarding. The onboarding process should begin right when an intern is accepted into your program. The process of onboarding will set your interns up for success with your company. When it comes to interns, they're primarily looking to grow from their experience. Taking advantage of that desire can help you a lot in the onboarding process. Sit down with your interns and tell them exactly what they can expect from their new position. This can be anything from how to communicate with their supervisors, to the tasks they'll be responsible for throughout their time, to the various social events you might be setting up for them. Setting these expectations early on will allow them to have a clearer picture of what their job entails. A great way to set expectations is to give them tangible items (ie: things they may be able to write on their resume at the end of this experience) that they can expect to add to their skillset. Another way onboarding helps your intern experience is by encouraging collaboration and group cohesion early on. Onboarding your interns all together in an organized and planned way will help them feel like they're a part of the same team. Today's interns typically work best with people they're also friends with, and they crave a work environment that is fun and friendly. As a result, the lines work-life balance is extremely important. Younger generations thrive in settings that feel like they're working with their friends (and often, they are). Especially when it comes to interns, try your best to replicate that college feel in which they get to work and play with the same people. It will end up paying off for your company’s performance in the long run. Onboarding doesn't have to be all work and no play, either! You can plan fun events that help your interns relax and simply get to know one another better. Things like baseball games, free tickets to theater productions, or even just group meals will allow them to get to know one another on a personal level, leading to an added sense of community within the work setting. In the office, it's important to give them opportunities to work on both individual and group projects. This shows that you value each of them for their unique skillset, while also emphasizing the importance of a cohesive working environment. 2.) What do they want? Experience. When do they want it? Now. Universally speaking, interns (whether college students or college graduates) are in your program to try something new. They're looking for a meaningful learning experience and they're doing it solely to broaden their skills and their portfolio. In many industries, jobs aren't readily available for young people in the workforce, so internships are a great way to enter the workforce and gain hands-on, real life experience in various fields. They're looking to gain the skills necessary to obtain future employment, and you have the opportunity to make or break their attitude about your field. Facilitate group cohesion to enhance their overall internship experience. In today’s technology-driven world, internet communication is a key part of any group dynamic. Interns are used to using social media, like Instagram, SnapChat and LinkedIn to get to know one another. Take advantage of this by creating social groups in whatever channel makes sense for your organization (Slack is very popular) and set up a facilitator. This should be a member of your company who interacts online with the incoming intern class, serving as a moderator to answer questions or spark up fun get-to-know-you conversations. Starting e-communication early will ensure that your group members feel a basic level of comfort knowing some familiar names from their online chats. Once your interns physically start the internship, it's so crucial to maintain that same effort in fostering group cohesion. The entry-level workforce cares a great deal about their social needs when it comes to careers. They focus on team cohesion, supervisor support, and flexibility, sometimes even more than development opportunities and salary satisfaction. Stay up to date Subscribe to the blog for the latest updates 3.) Ask for feedback, then revise. One of the greatest tools at your disposal are your past interns. Using previous employees and members of your company will help you learn from your mistakes and understand things you can do better moving forward. You can do this by having an exit interview with each intern, sending out a survey afterwards, or simply having open line of communication throughout the internship experience to find out what is and isnot working. We sat down with Arielle who interned for 3 years at various companies. She ranked the top 5 things that really stood out to her throughout her internship experience: Everyone, regardless of being a full-time employee or intern, participated in online trainings about the company’s history, values, and goals. The CEO of the company had a Google hangout session with the interns for a Q&A before we all arrived—it made upper management feel approachable and more friendly. I loved when a company would facilitate intern-mentor pairs and plan activities (bowling nights, drinks, yoga classes, etc.) It helped add an extra element to the internship experience that made it really valuable for me and my future goals. One of the companies I worked with gave interns merchandise with the company name on it and credit to buy more if they wanted. This may seem small, but it helped establish brand loyalty for me and made me proud to wear my merchandise around the city! I relocated for one of my internships and I received a very well planned out lump sum relocation plan. The lump sum was explained to us in great detail and our reimbursement was really comprehensive. Our intern allowance included housing, round-trip airfare, reimbursement for our parents to stay for a weekend during move-in and move-out, and a breakfast/lunch/snack stipend. I felt very well taken care of and valued at the company. It's information like this that is so valuable as you move forward with your internship experience. In knowing what interns really found useful, you'll be able to refine your processes to include activities and experiences that are worth while. This makes the entire experience more productive for everyone involved. 4.) The last (but most important) piece: Offboarding Like we said, interns are great talent pools for full-time hires at your company. You've already invested time, energy, and money into training them based on your company’s needs. They most likely feel comfortable in your company’s working environment after having spent several months with you, so why not take the plunge and see what this relationship can really be? Chances are your interns have had a great experience working for your company, so it's crucial that their offboarding experience is just as memorable. Don’t send them off feeling iffy about the whole internship experience. If you took our advice, you sat down with your interns when they arrived and defined certain things that they would likely be able to add to their resumes. Now it’s time to test yourself. Did you truly provide that experience for them? Sit down with your interns to go over their experience as a whole. Ask them what they’ve learned and what they feel they can now offer to future jobs and experiences. Defining these new skills can be a very useful exercise for them, one that will give them the confidence and education they had hoped to gain from their time spent as an intern. In turn, you can promote these benefits to future interns. To do this, create an offboarding survey that each intern fills out on their last day. It will help you understand what your company does well and what can be improved for future internship programs. This also gives your interns an opportunity to voice their opinions which will make them feel valued at the end of months of hard work. If you valued your intern, chances are you'll want to stay in touch when future employment opportunities come up. Your interns want that too! Setting up a system for keeping in touch is great for both parties. Ask them what the best way is to do so—this could be anything from a quarterly email exchange to a Facebook friendship. Who knows? This could be the beginning of a long working relationship! Share: Related Resources Blog How to Find Great Interns for Your Business this Summer Blog 6 Exit Interview Questions for Interns \| UrbanBound Blog 7 Tips for Managing Remote Internships Successfully I Am Relocating Employees Recruiting Candidates Managing Interns My Company Uses UrbanBound I Need To Reduce Admin Burden Cut Relocation Costs Increase Candidate Conversion Improve Employee Experience Stand Out From Competition Industries Healthcare High-Growth About Us About UrbanBound Join Our Team Resources Events and Webinars eBooks and Guides Blog Case Studies We're revolutionizing relocation management, helping innovative companies recruit and retain the best people.
0.978211	(NBCPHILADELPHIA) — A high school student who dressed as a homeless man for a drama assignment was so convincing that he fooled school officials _ and ended up getting suspended. It began with an assignment last month, senior Michael Bodomov, 17, said: Create a character and be that person for an entire day at Mount Lebanon High School, just outside Pittsburgh. Bodomov hopes to attend the University of Pittsburgh next year and is still exploring whether theater and drama are his calling. Judging by his performance, he could be short-listed. Advertisement - story continues below Bodomov said he created a homeless man named John who had a falling-out with his family after he ran over his younger sister. John was also swayed by a guru to give up all his material possessions. Read the full story › Submit a Correction * Name * Email * Message * All fields are required. Thank you for contacting us. Please check your email inbox to confirm your message and send it to our editorial team. Share on Facebook Tweet Share to GabGab ShareGab Email Print WND News Services Summary Recent Posts Contact These reports are produced by another news agency, and the editors of WND believe you'll find it of interest. * Name * Email * Message * All fields are required. Thank you for contacting us. Please check your email inbox to confirm your message and send it to our editorial team.
0.991945	Freelancer Index XPlace Magazine Suggest a feature How Much Do Freelancers Earn? WeWork Customer Service Online Help Search Freelancers / Join Sign in Post Project XPlace Sign in Join Hire Pros Post Project (free) Freelancers by Category Find Work Start Freelancing Price Plans Categories Resources Customer Service Online Help Sign in Email Password Forgot password? New user? Join Now » Continue with Facebook Continue with LinkedIn × Join today to get more from XPlace! Looks like there's already an account with that email address. Please sign in › First name Last name Email Maybe later Join The Significance of Commercial Credit Solution: By Joseph Carey On 16 Jun., 2021 The credit score is also affected if your partner is involved in an activity that reduces the commercial credit score. So, one must also monitor every activity of his partner in the joint account. Commercial credit holds significant importance on an individual level as well as a commercial level. If we say that commercial credit provides one with a constant cash flow, it would not be wrong. Working on a commercial credit solution, one can gain satisfaction regarding different matters of his business. The people working in an institute rely on the commercial credits of a company. If it scores well, all the staff members get a feeling of security regarding their basic rights. One can take several advantages from commercial credit. It is essential to incorporate such methods which are safe and provide more significant benefits. For instance, one can buy a property with the help of commercial credit provided by the banks. This property can then be given on rent or can be sold to have more profit and income. The role of your commercial credit is of significant importance in making your business grow well and rapidly. Numerous methods help an individual or a company to have a better credit score solution. One can gradually increase his commercial credit by working on it. Commercial credit score building requires constant efforts, dedication, hard work, and patience. One needs to avoid mistakes that can result in casting a bad impression on the credit score. One must follow the rules that can help him build his commercial credit score. For instance, one must manage his bills and payments on time. This results in scoring a high commercial credit. On the other hand, if an individual takes a long time to pay bills, it will affect his credit score badly. If you want to maintain your credit score, you must keep a check on your record regularly. A slight mistake of any information in your profile can result in reducing your commercial credit. So, one must monitor his commercial credit file to save himself against mistakes and errors. In case you find out an error in your credit file, you must report it immediately to let your credit score improve. Besides checking your profile for any mistakes, one must also monitor the person's activities by having a joint account with him. Mostly, people prefer to have joint accounts with one of their close family members or friends. The credit score is also affected if your partner is involved in an activity that reduces the commercial credit score. So, one must also monitor every activity of his partner in the joint account.
0.999998	Wheels in Motion as Artists Chosen for City Bike Art Trail \| Adelaide Bike Art Trail \| Your Say Adelaide Our website uses cookies Cookies help us to understand how you use our website so that we can provide you with the best experience when you are on our site. To find out more, read our privacy policy and cookie policy. Manage Cookies A cookie is information stored on your computer by a website you visit. Cookies often store your settings for a website, such as your preferred language or location. This allows the site to present you with information customized to fit your needs. As per the GDPR law, companies need to get your explicit approval to collect your data. Some of these cookies are ‘strictly necessary’ to provide the basic functions of the website and can not be turned off, while others if present, have the option of being turned off. Learn more about our Privacy and Cookie policies. These can be managed also from our cookie policy page. Strictly necessary cookies(always on): Necessary for enabling core functionality. The website cannot function properly without these cookies. This cannot be turned off. e.g. Sign in, Language Analytics cookies: Analytical cookies help us to analyse user behaviour, mainly to see if the users are able to find and act on things that they are looking for. They allow us to recognise and count the number of visitors and to see how visitors move around our website when they are using it. Tools used: Google Analytics manage cookies Social media cookies: We use social media cookies from Facebook, Twitter and Google to run Widgets, Embed Videos, Posts, Comments and to fetch profile information. manage cookies I'm OK with that Manage cookies Cancel × × Skip To Skip To Skip to Contents Jump to Navigation Search IE10 and below are not supported. Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Contact us for any help on browser support Translate this page UPDATE: Read the latest update regarding our response to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) situation. Read more. Home Past Projects Updates Contact Us FAQs Register Sign In Search Search Toggle navigation Search Search Home Past Projects Updates Contact Us FAQs Register Sign In You are here: Home Adelaide Bike Art Trail Wheels in Motion as Artists Chosen for City Bike Art Trail Some content on this page may not display correctly. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings and refresh the page. Wheels in Motion as Artists Chosen for City Bike Art Trail The Adelaide City Bike Art Trail project is in full gear with seven artists chosen to provide new cyclist-friendly sculptures rolling into 11 spots around Adelaide’s CBD and North Adelaide. Minister Assisting the Minister for Arts Chloë Fox said the commissioned artists and teams are: glass specialists Deb Jones and Christine Cholewa sculptor Michelle Nikou the Groundplay team of Greg Healey and Gregg Mitchell, part of the trio behind the Custart public artwork on the Lion Arts Centre in Adelaide’s West End designer Karl Meyer landscape architect and artist Tanya Court. Ms Fox said the Adelaide City Bike Art Trail brings together some of our city’s most creative local talent.
0.983172	“If you’re outside in a giant queue, and people aren’t socially distancing round you, I would put a mask on. But if I’m simply walking on a not overly busy excessive avenue going for a walk around a village I wouldn’t wear a mask,” he stated. By selecting reusable masks, you can assist stop the unfold of COVID-19 whereas also lowering your environmental impression. There could also be some non-well being care work settings where medical masks may be more applicable than non-medical masks. If you’reproviding care to somebody who has been diagnosed with, or has symptoms of COVID-19, put on a medical mask. Plus, up to date tips on how to put on them most effectively—whether or not you’re working, going to work, or simply trying to remain secure and stylish. is the common variety of folks contaminated by one particular person in a inhabitants in follow, together with the impression of policies, habits change, and already infected people. The lack of direct causal identifiability requires a extra integrative techniques view of efficacy. Similarly, fast inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by 70% ethanol treatment was also reported by Fischer et al. but a lack of structural integrity of the N95 FFRs was resulted . Multiple simulation studies show the filtration effects of material masks relative to surgical masks. Some localities may require carrying masks in public whereas outdoor, and these requirements ought to be followed. In addition to these aforementioned standardized checks, the medical face masks ought to be examined based on ISO and 10, which specifies cytotoxicity and pores and skin sensitivity test methods, respectively, to make sure the supplies are not dangerous to the wearer. There is a common perception in Germany that the mandatory use of face masks in public reduces COVID-19 incidences significantly. Research on the efficacy of face shields, including together with masks, is required, along with analysis into the efficacy of masks with clear windows for the mouth. Aerosolized transmission dynamics are pathogen particular, because of pathogen-specific peak shedding and inactivation charges . Studies counsel that vibration of the vocal folds contributes extra to particle atomization and the manufacturing of particles that carry microorganisms . SARS-CoV-2 is present in exhaled breath , however it is not identified to what diploma this route is liable for transmission. A study of influenza means that vocalization may be critical for creation of infection breath particles . High viral titers of SARS-CoV-2 are reported within the saliva of COVID-19 sufferers. Coronavirus Illness (covid CDCdoes not recommendexternal icon using face shields or goggles as a substitute for masks. The hole in the material might allow your respiratory droplets to escape and attain others. CDC recognizes there are particular instances when carrying a masks is probably not possible. Masks are a simple barrier to help forestall your respiratory droplets from reaching others. Studies show that masks cut back the spray of droplets when worn over the nose and mouth. Masks may not be needed when you are exterior by your self away from others, or with people who live in your family. A study of temporal dynamics inferred that infectiousness started from 2.3 d before symptom onset and peaked at 0.7 d before symptom onset . The normal RCT paradigm is nicely suited to medical interventions by which a treatment has a measurable impact at the individual degree and, moreover, interventions and their outcomes are independent across persons comprising a goal inhabitants. Overall, direct evidence of the efficacy of masks use is supportive, however inconclusive. Since there are no RCTs, only one observational trial, and unclear proof from other respiratory diseases, we might want to look at a wider physique of evidence. ↵##We implicitly assume that compliance to guidelines in Germany is sufficiently homogenous. Some field observations in this respect would be very helpful, especially across federal states in Germany and worldwide. They discovered that transmission was 7.5 times larger in countries that did not have a mask mandate or common masks use, a outcome much like that present in an analogous research of fewer international locations . This equation produces the numbers we report back to quantify the consequences of face masks. SI Appendix, part D.2 describes our measures primarily based on day by day development rates. We estimate treatment results from introducing face masks by the use of the SCM for single and a number of handled items. (All analyses are undertaken in Stata. The corresponding recordsdata plus data can be found in SI Appendix.) The SCM has turn out to be more and more well-liked for coverage evaluations that depend on comparative case research. Medical Masks In a hospital in Nebraska , for instance, decontamination was carried out by having contaminated masks hanged on wires drawn across an empty room fitted with two UV light towers . A complete of 2000 masks could be sterilized a day based on this UVGI therapy technique. Unlike the BFE take a look at, the agar plates within the Andersen sampler are first inoculated with E. coli, and areas in touch with the viral droplets become clear as the micro organism cells are lysed to kind plaques. The VFE worth is calculated by comparison with a management with out the filter material as described above for BFE. A common coverage response to this conundrum is to make sure compliance by using legal guidelines and laws, corresponding to widespread state legal guidelines in the United States which require that college students have vaccinations to attend faculty. Research reveals that the strength of the mandate to vaccinate greatly influences compliance rates for vaccines and that insurance policies that set the next bar for vaccine exemptions lead to larger vaccination rates . The similar method is now being used in many jurisdictions to increase masks sporting compliance, by mandating masks use in quite a lot of settings . Population evaluation suggests that these legal guidelines are efficient at growing compliance and slowing the spread of COVID-19 . One research looked at unfitted surgical masks, and used three rubber bands and a paper clip to improve their fit . All 11 topics within the check handed the N95 fit take a look at using this method. Wu Lien Teh famous that a rubber help could present good match, though he really helpful that a silk masking for the entire head , with holes for the eyes, tucked into the shirt, is a more comfortable method that can present good safety for an entire day . Why Is My Audio Not Working Department Of Health You may also like... Incremental Innovation And The Razor May 10, 2021 10 People Lifeless, Suspect In Custody After Capturing At Colorado Supermarket July 2, 2021 Coronavirus Prevention May 1, 2021 Previous story Dame Sheila Hancock Says The Thought Of Death ‘weighs Closely On Her’ As There’s Extra She Desires To Do
0.970044	What would North America look like if, for whatever reason, it had developed indigenous nation-states rather than federal states of colonists? This is a thought experiment a little different from what I (and everyone else) usually do with alternate history, which is to change an event in the past and extrapolate outcomes, then illustrate those outcomes with a map. What I did here is start with a map. Five maps. See those little colored maps at the top? Those are based off of real maps that trace the way people communicate, trade, and live with each other, based on a lot of interesting statistical analyses (and also US census data). Yellow is religion, or what belief system the majority of the population belongs to (not necessarily the state religion), based on this census map of religion in the US. Orange is perceived ethnicity, based on this census map of self-identified ancestry in the US. Blue is language family, based on this map of indigenous languages. Of course the brushstrokes here are very broad; and you may imagine many minority languages, extraterritorial enclaves, and dialect continua to complicate the rather simple picture. Purple is culture, or how closely the ways of life of different people resemble each other, based on this map of how frequently people in different parts of the US communicate with each other. Green is trade, or how much people in different places exchange goods and services, based on this map of dollar bill circulation in the US. I traced boundaries around those geographical blocs, superimposed them, and found that some of those blocs correspond to each other. That is to say, cultural difference correlates with trade, communication, and language (I'm not convinced it correlates with religion or ethnicity, but feel free to disagree), with a lot of effect from the underlying geography (the Mississippi River, the Rockies, the Appalachians, and the North-South divide are visible in most maps). The blocks that most closely matched each other I traced around with black borders, trying to match those geographical boundaries as much as possible. The result is the big map you see above. The more different the colors, the more of a change you see going across a border. You'll notice I haven't labelled the map. That's because this map might represent a lot of different timelines. Maybe no plagues killed off the Native American population, and we're left with a situation like post-colonial Africa ("the Democratic People's Republic of Comanche"?). Maybe this from a timeline where indigenous people domesticated horses ("The Union of Three Fires"?). Maybe European colonists came, but only with medieval technology (the Motherflippin' Gruinmarkt!). Maybe I accidentally deleted my version of photoshop, and sai doesn't do labels. Maybe I want to see what names and histories YOU think should be attached to those countries. Come on! Let me hear 'em! This project comes from Dan's to-be-published novel, The World's Other Side. Find out about his other projects on his website. Also find him on Twitter and Deviant art. Posted by Mitro at 12:00 PM Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest Labels: Balkanized North America, Daniel Bensen, Guest post, Maps, Native Americans, The World's Other Side 1 comment: JDJarvis June 27, 2016 at 9:20 AM Isn't using data based on the U.S. census and patterns of trade and communication in the U.S, completely self-nullifying the initial premise on nation-states developed by local people instead of European colonialism and successor states?
0.999939	The development and distribution of a vaccine is vital for the global economy to return to a semblance of normalcy. Given the global resources being directed towards this at present, we except a vaccine to be ready for distribution by end-2021. This would provide the chance for a permanent end to travel restrictions and lockdowns. Analysis However, in addition to the difficulties and complexities of global distribution, there are downside risks to this scenario. It is not certain that a vaccine can be developed. Despite scientific efforts, vaccines against some viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), remain unavailable. It is also possible that the process of developing a vaccine will be prolonged, especially if early candidates prove either unsafe or ineffective. Finally, the vaccine itself may prove to be underwhelming. Flu vaccines are often only about 50% effective, and have in some years been less than 10% effective among the elderly. Conclusion Conclusion: In this scenario, attempts to return economies to their pre-virus state would prove futile, with some travel limitations and contact tracing necessary to avoid intermittent public health crises. With such uncertainty persisting in the longer term, contingency planning would remain an expensive part of corporate policies, weighing on global investment levels. Read more articles The uncontained spread of the coronavirus drives the global economy into an economic depressionThe response to the coronavirus leads to a string of sovereign defaults and financial contagionAn escalating US-China trade war forces a split in the global economyGlobal trade is hit by open economies permanently reverting to anti-globalist policiesThe world fails to deliver a coronavirus vaccine by the end of 2021The global economy bounces back to 2019 levels in 2021Gulf tensions mutate into a direct US-Iran conflictSupply chain drives unpredictable price spikes throughout 2020-21Fear surrounding the coronavirus hastens a durable global rise in authoritarianismInter-state cyber-attacks cripple large parts of the internet
0.953955	Baby products are the fastest-growing consumer product in green consumer product developments. Baby products range from baby health and beauty products to baby clothing and hygiene products. These are becoming increasingly popular due to the fact that their counterparts have seen incredible growth in recalls and in allergic reactions within babies. Many parents will choose to go a green route when it comes to their babies to avoid these allergic reactions, recalls and in some cases death. The severe recalls have lead to an increase of awareness with companies in the products and the chemicals that they use. The following are a few baby products that parents should consider when switching to a green lifestyle and considering avoiding the allergic reactions or severe recall reactions and various baby products. Organic Cloth Products Organic cloth products are the top rated green living baby product on the market. These organic cloth products have several benefits. The first benefit is that many of the organic loss products such as organic cloth diapers and cloth wipes are reusable. This means that a family can purchase an organic cloth diaper and reuse that diaper by simply washing it as they would any other clothing product. Organic cloth diapers and wipes are also made of flannel, 100% organic cotton or other natural fiber substances. This means that children have a severely decreased chance of an allergic reaction or a reaction to a chemical found in disposable diapers. The financial benefit of organic cloth products is another reason that many families choose to use these. For example, a purchase of organic cloth diapers that will last a child from newborn through their potty training years can 75% less than purchasing disposable diaper counterparts. It goes without saying that an organic cloth product for a baby will reduce landfill waste and local garbage waste as well. Organic Hygiene Products Organic hygiene products geared for babies have also become increasingly popular. These organic hygiene products can be made out of 100% natural or organic bases including organic oils and organic essential oils. Organic hygiene products may also include all natural products for sensitive skin and for diaper rash prevention. There are hundreds of organic hygiene products on the market currently for babies and toddlers. This has made the choice of switching to organic and green baby products much easier for parents who were trying to incorporate not only organic hygiene for their children but also in organic lifestyle and chemical free environment for their children. Organic Baby Food Organic baby food is usually one of the first options that parents look at. After several hundred recalls in the late 90s and into the mid-2000s it has been abundantly clear to many parents organic baby food is the only choice. In fact, one of the reasons that many parents choose organic baby food is due to the fact that the organic baby food is produced in the local area or within the United States. The primary recalls in baby food have occurred in baby food that has been either non-organic or has been imported from other countries. Organic baby food options are easy to identify and are easy to research. If the organic baby food item is truly organic then there will only be a few ingredients listed on the back and there will be no preservatives listed with those ingredients. Organic baby food as a consumer product for babies is an alternative that many parents who cannot or do not have the time to create homemade organic baby food may choose. Lastest Baby News 4 Effective Things Individuals Can Do to Fight Climate Change Coal-Fired Power May Be Responsible for Low Birth Weights Honest Selling Out? Category Categories +- View More Categories Find Jobs What: job title, skills or company Where: city, state or postal code Find Jobs Good News Scientists Watch The Birth Of A Planet For The first time in history Astronomers were able to witness a planet being born outside out solar system. After conducting studies for years they were able to focus in on a phenomenon that ended... Mon 19 Jun Read more Mother And Son Embark On Epic Voyage Across The Atlantic Robyn Wolff and Davey du Plessis are South African natives that have begun their voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in a pedal... Mon 19 Jun Read more Man Pleads Guilty To Attempting To Smuggle 51 Turtles In His Pants Around a year ago, Canadian student Kai Xu ordered some turtles online with the intention to ship them back to China or take them to Canada from Michigan. Since it’s illegal to export... Wed 26 Jul Read more FDA Approves Genetically Engineered Fish For Consumption The U.S. Is currently under a lot of heat for recently approving a generically engineered animal for human consumption. The Food and Drug Administration gave AquaBounty Technologies the OK on their...
0.999993	Based on the data presented in the bar graph, which of the following statements are true? Indicate all such statements. 题目来源题目来源1 : Barron 正确率：0% 难度：易最新提问我的动态登录登录后查看动态题目内容收藏纠错题目材料：第1题第2题第3题 Based on the data presented in the bar graph, which of the following statements are true? Indicate all such statements. AFrom 1981-1996, inclusive, Republican receipts were more than 2 billion dollars. (Note: 1 billion = 1,000 million) BThe ratio of Republican receipts to Democratic receipts was greater than 2:1 in more than half of the two-year periods covered in the graph. CRepublican receipts in 1995-1996 exceeded the total of Democratic receipts for the 10 years from 1981-1990. DThe two-year period in which the ratio of Republican receipts to Democratic receipts was the greatest was 1981-1982.
0.900745	Mountain Goat (Oreamnos americanus) are uniquely adapted to the rugged mountain ranges of northwestern North America from Alaska through Washington, Idaho and down through Colorado. Mountain goats are generally grazing animals, depending on the particular habitat and season of the year. Goats spend their summers in high alpine meadows where they feed on tundra grasses, herbs, and shrubs. Most goats will migrate from alpine summer ranges to winter ranges located around tree line but many are known to remain at alpine elevations year-round. Goats prefer habitats that are steep and rocky, such as the rugged cliffs of mountainsides. They have an incredible sense of balance in places where any other animal would lose footing - and a fall from a Mountain Goat habitat means certain death. How do they do it? The secret is in their hooves. The hooves of goats have hard outer shells and rubbery, concave footpads which act like suction cups when weight is applied. The hard rubbery hooves are similar to modern hiking boot treads and combined with years of practice, the goats are more than prepared for life in alpine country. Due to their choice of habitat, Mountain Goats have few natural predators. Now and again, a Golden Eagle will swoop down to grab a baby goat but the most common cause of death among goats is old age. With an average lifespan of 11 years in the wild, adult goats will eventually and commonly starve to death as a result of worn down teeth. A goat's whole life is spend chewing on grasses and shrubs and eventually, their teeth become so worn down that the goat is unable to eat, leading to death by starvation. The other common cause of death for older goats is as a result of a fall. As goats become older, their sense of balance becomes less acute and often leads to false steps and fatal falls. From a gender perspective, male goats are referred to as Billies and female goats are called Nannies. Their children are named 'Kids'. Billies and Nannies are remarkably similar and both have horns. The easiest way to tell them apart is by size. Billies are around 40 percent larger than Nannies and average 240 and 170 lbs respectively. Winter provides less feeding opportunities and adult goats can lose up to 50 pounds during this period, gaining it all back during the plentiful summer months. Mountain goats each have a pair of short and sturdy horns that protrude from just above the eye cavity and extend up / away from their skull. Their horns grow continuously and are never shed for seasonality. Scent glands can be found at the base of each horn and are used to scent mark. Only minor differences can be found in the horns of a male and female goat. Females have a distinct bend at the tips of their horns while males maintain a consistent bend along the entire length of the horn. What do horns have to do with age? Seasonal rings form on a goat's horns each year. The horns of a mountain goat will have one less ring than its age. So, the horn of a goat that is four years old will have three distinct rings, or a goat that is 7 years old will have six distinct rings on its horns and so forth. Find a Trail Trail Suggestions RECOMMENDED TRAILS Tonahutu Trail to Big Meadows Rocky Mountain National Park 8.4 Miles \| Easy-Moderate No Dogs Allowed Door Trail Badlands National Park 0.3 Miles \| Easy Dogs Allowed RECOMMENDED GALLERIES Pine Creek Canyon Red Rock Canyon Nevada 16 photos Beaver Creek Trailhead: Coney Lake Indian Peaks Wilderness Area Colorado 14 photos WORD OF THE DAY Biotic Community: All the populations of organisms that exist and interact in a determined area. ... Read more. ProTrails Stuff On Copyright © 2021 ProTrails - ProTrails is a Fully Registered Federal Trademark® Information contained within ProTrails is to be used for recreational purposes and never intended to be a sole source of information for outdoor activities. Always call ahead to the local or federal governing authority to check weather and trail conditions before any outing. Be safe, be smart and always let someone know where you are going and when you're supposed to be back. Safety first!
0.966274	Penn Jillette did a great sketch in their show "Bullshit!" about how people see numbers. We won't go into the details, but the essence was that we don't actually use numbers that much. Instead, we quantify amounts in more understandable measures: a few, some, a bunch, a load, a shit-load and we are sure that this is similar in almost any language and it applies for many other physical measurements like weight and height. It's easy to understand ten apples, even a hundred apples, but with the digital age, we're bombarded with so much pointless information that we assume we need a Carl Sagan-like brain to understand every single calculation. When we lose interest, we become mentally disabled and we start making decisions that suck. tweet this Because of all the pointless information and the rapid progress of technology, we end up in a situation where we are now: Lost. This, we believe, leads to a problem: If we don't understand the numbers, we lose interest. When we lose interest, we become mentally disabled and we start making decisions that suck. The reason we make decisions that suck isn't complexity. Neither of the authors are rocket scientists so we believe that anyone can do what were about to show you. We believe that it is only to do with the way most of us approach 'doing digital'. We don't have simple-enough techniques to make what we're doing understandable, and yes we, the industry, are not helping. We have been measuring user behaviour for decades, we have the tools that are packed full of a wealth of data and insights. Yet we suck at communicating what we find, communicating what were doing whilst also building a process to take action. This is what makes it hard. Awareness is a by-product of good marketing. tweet this The proverb says that it is better to teach a man to fish instead of giving him one. We hope that by showing you a method you'll be able to apply what you learn to your own work. You know what a traffic light is for right? When its red you stop, when it's yellow you pay attention to either begin to slow down or speed up and when it's green it's full steam ahead. It's a universally accepted approach to directing traffic that works. That's what we hope you will learn to do in your business by applying our methods. Before we go into this method we want to show you some of the suckiness that not having a method leads to. If you liked this chapter, please recommend it to others. PrevForeword Index Next Why do we suck? Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. comments powered by Disqus Share the love! Facebook LinkedIn Twitter Google+ Subscribe to our newsletter subscribe We will never spam you or sell any of your data. What's been said about the book? "Data, data everywhere and yet all decisions from the gut!" That just about encapsulates why our marketing strategies are faith based, why our websites are barely functional ("the CEO loves purple!"), and why we are not making the types of profits we deserve. I love this book because Steve and Markus provide specific advice on how to unsuck our lives! Buy. Don't suck. Win. Avinash Kaushik Digital Marketing Evangelist - Google Author - Web Analytics 2.0 In your face and a Must Read for beginner and expert analysts alike. Jim Sterne Founder - eMetrics Summit Author - Social Media Metrics Chairman - Digital Analytics Association About the authors We have a single goal together, to make our customers a billion euros in profit. This won't happen in one year, it might take five years, but we will not stop until we have generated a billion of provable profit for our customers. We love meeting and talking to new people! Get in touch with us. Come have a pint with us! We are available for projects, especially in warm places with great fishing opportunities and/or great beer.
0.707698	Nitrogen is essential to life on Earth. It is a component of all proteins, and it can be found in all living systems. Nitrogen compounds are present in organic materials, foods, fertilizers, explosives and poisons. Nitrogen is crucial to life, but in excess it can also be harmful to the environment. Named after the Greek word nitron, for "native soda," and genes for "forming," nitrogen is the fifth most abundant element in the universe. Nitrogen gas constitutes 78 percent of Earth's air, according to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. On the other hand, the atmosphere of Mars is only 2.6 percent nitrogen. In its gas form, nitrogen is colorless, odorless and generally considered as inert. In its liquid form, nitrogen is also colorless and odorless, and looks similar to water, according to Los Alamos. Just the facts Atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus): 7 Atomic symbol (on the Periodic Table of Elements): N Atomic weight (average mass of the atom): 14.0067 Density: 0.0012506 grams per cubic centimeter Phase at room temperature: Gas Melting point: minus 321 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 210 degrees Celsius) Boiling point: minus 320.42 F (minus 195.79 C) Number of isotopes (atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons): 16 including 2 stable ones Most common isotopes: Nitrogen-14 (Abundance: 99.63 percent) Fertilizer component Nitrogen was discovered in 1772 by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford, when he removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from air, demonstrating that the residual gas would not support living organisms or combustion, according to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Other scientists, including Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Joseph Priestly, were working on the same problem, and called nitrogen "burnt" air, or air without oxygen. In 1786, Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier, called nitrogen "azote," which means "lifeless." This was based on the observation that it is the part of air cannot support life on its own. One of the most important nitrogen compounds is ammonia (NH3), which can be produced in the so-called Haber-Bosch process, in which nitrogen is reacted with hydrogen. The colorless ammonia gas with a pungent smell can be easily liquefied into a nitrogen fertilizer. In fact, about 80 percent of ammonia that is produced is used as fertilizer. It is also used as a refrigerant gas; in the manufacture of plastics, textiles, pesticides and dyes; and in cleaning solutions, according to the New York Department of State. The nitrogen cycle The nitrogen cycle, in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into different organic compounds, is one the most crucial natural processes to sustain living organisms. During the cycle, bacteria in the soil process or "fix" atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which plants need in order to grow. Other bacteria convert the ammonia into amino acids and proteins. Then animals eat the plants and consume the protein. Nitrogen compounds return to the soil through animal waste. Bacteria convert the waste nitrogen back to nitrogen gas, which returns to the atmosphere. In an effort to make crops grow faster, people use nitrogen in fertilizers. However, the excessive use of those fertilizers in agriculture has had devastating consequences for the environment and human health, as it has contributed to the pollution of groundwater and surface waters. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), nutrient pollution caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus in the air and water, is one of the most widespread, costly and challenging environmental problems. Tackling the imbalance One of the solutions to the issue of excessive nitrogen lies in sustainable agriculture, organic farming and raising the awareness of these environmental issues among farmers, according to Randy A. Dahlgren, a professor of soil science at University of California, Davis. "The idea would be to try to eliminate the use of these commercial fertilizers and instead use organic waste," for instance, animal waste, he said. Another step would be to use slow-release fertilizers that have plastic coatings on them and, instead of releasing the nitrogen right away, the release of nitrogen occurs gradually throughout the growing season, "trying to match the nitrogen release from the plastic coated fertilizer with the needs of the plant," he said. Microbiologists at the University of Alberta in Canada and the University of Vienna in Austria may have discovered another solution. In August 2017, the researchers announced they had identified an ammonia-oxidizing microbe called Nitrospira inopinata. According to the researchers, Nitrospira inopinata is an ammonium sponge, essentially outperforming nearly every other type of bacteria and archaea (single-celled organisms) in the oxidation of ammonium in the environment. Because this microbe is such an efficient oxidizer, it may produce less nitrous oxide in the process. The new findings, which appear in the scientific journal Nature, could have important implications for climate change research. The researchers are ready to put this microbe to the test through a variety of practical applications that could reduce ammonium levels in the soil, water and atmosphere. Some of these applications could involve changes to our drinking water, wastewater treatments and soil purification, according to the University of Alberta. Who knew? Even though the term "nitrogen" is used in English to refer to the element, Lavoisier's term "azote" is still used in French, and its form is present in "azoto" in Italian or "azot" in Polish. Liquid nitrogen is frequently used as a refrigerant, for instance, to store sperm, eggs and other cells used in medical research or fertility clinics, according to the Royal Society of Chemistry. Liquid nitrogen is also used to quickly freeze foods and help preserve their flavor, texture, moisture and flavor. Nitrogen constitutes 95 percent of the atmosphere of Titan (the largest moon of Saturn), according to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Nitrogen gas plays a role in the formation of an aurora — a natural display of light in the sky that can be predominantly observed Arctic and Antarctic regions — which occurs when fast-moving electrons from space collide with oxygen and nitrogen in our atmosphere, according to NASA. Nitrogen gas can be obtained by heating a water solution of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), a crystalline solid that is commonly used in fertilizer. About 150 tons of ammonia are produced every year using the Haber process, according to Royal Society of Chemistry. Nitrogen in the form of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, was produced in ancient Egypt by heating a mixture of animal excrement, urine and salt, according to Royal Society of Chemistry. Nitroglycerin, a violent explosive used in the production of dynamite, is an oily, colorless liquid that contains nitrogen, oxygen and carbon.
0.998052	Last night, Michael and I threw ourselves a birthday party. No shame. Our birthdays are fairly close (23 days apart), and I was looking for an excuse to decorate our place (I'm so into streamers right now it's not even funny. Which, yeah, I know is weird.) and force people to have fun within a prescribed theme of my choosing. I'm not sure what the theme was exactly, but the jist was that we infused some booze and asked our friends to come prepared to mix up some creative concoctions of their choosing using our booze. Michael had no faith that our friends would come through, but as I suspected, they totally did. So, anyway, here's some of the graphic designings that I threw together for the evening and some photos of the set-up, which involved some creative furniture rearranging and, subsequently, a completely perturbed kitty. the invitation, which we sent out via e-mail the labels for our infused booze a recipe card for our guests to share their concoctions Ugh, I'm so awful at food photography that I'm hesitant to even share these photos. We basically just lifted these ideas from some of our favorite appetizers. The first was smoked salmon with egg salad served on toasted baguette. Seriously, don't knock til you've tried it. We first had this combination at brunch a couple of weeks ago, and it's a-mazing! The second was endive with sliced almonds, mandarin oranges, goat cheese, a drizzle of olive oil, and salt and pepper. So delicious and refreshing. Try both of these. Do it. We also had bread, homemade butter, nuts, savory shortbread, shrimp, etc in an effort to keep people's stomachs full in order to avoid things going south quickly (We're talking about a cocktails-only party here, people! Very risky.). And so that our friends' creativity (and/or research skills) doesn't go to waste, here's some of my favorite ideas that came out of the evening: Melon Limeade 3 parts Melon Vodka 1.5 parts Sweet & Sour Mix 1 part Sprite 1 squeeze Lemon Juice Shake ingredients in a cocktail shaker with ice and strain into a cocktail glass. Garnish with lemon slice and cherry. 2 parts Bacon Bourbon 1 part Lime Juice .5 part Simple Syrup 3-4 dashes Tobasco Sauce Mix lime, syrup, and bourbon. Shake on ice. Pour in tumbler and dash Tobasco on top. (Optional) Garnish with bacon. French Martini 2 parts Pineapple Vodka 2 parts Pineapple Juice .5 parts Chambord Shake ingredients in a cocktail shaker with ice and strain into a cocktail glass. My Bloody Summer Delight 3 parts Pineapple Vodka 3 parts Blood Orange Italian Soda 1 part Lemon Juice In collins glass, pour ingredients over ice and stir. Garnish with lemon wedge, and drink with adorable stripey straw (not optional). WARNING: If you decide to throw your own cocktail party, take it easy, because things can start to look like this very quickly... Now I must go tend to the party's aftermath (which honestly, isn't that bad because apparently, as you get older, your friends become more responsible and considerate. Who knew?!) ----- Labels: Delightful Beverages, Everything Else, Parties, Tutorial 6 comments: Anonymous July 10, 2011 at 12:36 PM Oh, very cute! I especially like the Bacon Bourbon label. What kind of printer do you have/what kind of paper did you use for those? We don't have a printer at all, which discourages me from trying more label-y type stuff like that. ReplyDelete Replies Reply Sabrina Pate July 10, 2011 at 6:58 PM You are so good at throwing a party! Can I reserve you for Griffin's 1st Bday (if he is ever born that is!)??!! Looks super cute and fun! ReplyDelete Replies Reply Natalie July 10, 2011 at 7:41 PM where did you get your curtains? I love them! ReplyDelete Replies Reply Anonymous July 10, 2011 at 10:36 PM AGH, I would have made a serious dent in that pineapple vodka, Mandy. And the salmon and eggs. And the butter. You need to come visit me and throw a party, OK?! Joce ReplyDelete Replies Reply erin @ oliveourhouse July 11, 2011 at 9:39 AM such a great idea! the melon limeade sounds excellent. and the decorations (streamers!) look awesome, of course. ReplyDelete Replies Reply Rebecca McNeil July 15, 2011 at 6:23 AM Seriously wish I could have been there for this!!! And am sad I'm missing you this weekend...I'll be delivering babies all day...or helping...or standing by and trying not to vomit. Lub, Becca ReplyDelete Replies Reply Add comment Load more... Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment. Newer Post Older Post Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom) THIS BLOG IS NO LONGER MAINTAINED. Feel free to enjoy my archive of craft projects, home design, and other fun stuff. Also, check out my other venture: Craftcourse. Find even more projects and posts by Fabric Paper Glue on these other amazing sites! The Etsy Blog Oh So Beautiful Paper The Home Depot Blog DesignSponge See Kate Sew Like one of my projects? Great! Want to re-post it? Fabulous! I just ask that you link back directly to the tutorial on my li'l blog here rather than re-posting the instructions. Other photo permission requests can be directed to [email protected]. Thanks!
0.950866	British woman testifies Ghislaine Maxwell pushed her to give Epstein sexual massages at Palm Beach estate Holness plans rematch after losing primary to Cherfilus-McCormick by just 5 votes more Home » News » Sources South Florida Local News Sun Sentinel News Feed URL: https://www.sun-sentinel.com Updated: 16 hours 22 min ago Sports betting may not be gone for long in Florida despite voided deal. Seminoles appeal federal ruling Tue, 11/23/2021 - 15:58 The Seminole Tribe has appealed a ruling that would shut down sports betting in Florida. The federal ruling is a blow to Gov. Ron DeSantis, who negotiated the gambling deal earlier this year. Gov. DeSantis appoints Jared Moskowitz and Torey Alston as Broward’s two new county commissioners Tue, 11/23/2021 - 15:21 Broward’s two newest county commissioners will be Jared Moskowitz, the state emergency management director who oversaw Florida’s pandemic response, and Torey Alston, who led as chief of staff for the state transportation department, Gov. Ron DeSantis announced Tuesday. $127.5 million settlement over FBI errors in Parkland shooting: ‘One step closer to justice.’ Tue, 11/23/2021 - 15:16 The federal government has agreed to pay $127.5 million to settle a lawsuit over the FBI's failure to investigate tips that could have prevented the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in 2018. COVID-19 in Florida: Here’s the latest data including cases, deaths, vaccinations and more Tue, 11/23/2021 - 13:21 Here are the updated statistics on COVID-19 in Florida including new cases, deaths, hospitalizations, testing positivity and vaccinations. Justice Department sues to halt sugar merger, says it would harm competition Tue, 11/23/2021 - 13:10 The suit was filed in federal court in Delaware. It comes about eight months after U.S. Sugar announced it reached an agreement to acquire the Imperial Sugar Company, one of the largest sugar refiners in the nation. Brian Laundrie death deemed suicide, family attorney says: report Tue, 11/23/2021 - 11:46 An autopsy of Brian Laundrie, the Florida man who was named a person of interest in the death of his fiancé Gabby Petito, showed he died from a self-inflicted gunshot. Answers to your vaccine questions: Do I have extra protection if I am vaccinated and then got COVID? Tue, 11/23/2021 - 08:52 Here are the answers to some of your biggest questions about COVID-19 vaccinations in Florida. Today's question: Should I get a booster shot after a monoclonal antibody injection? Palm Beach County students once again will start the school year early in 2022-23 Tue, 11/23/2021 - 05:00 Palm Beach County students' new school year will start Aug. 10, 2022, the same as last school year and the first day that school districts are allowed to start the new year under state law. The Broward School Board is expected to approve its calendar next month. Victim of Davie murder was stabbed more than 20 times. How long she remained alive and aware is the question. Mon, 11/22/2021 - 16:07 The trial of Dayonte Resiles entered its second week Monday with testimony from the Broward Medical Examiner, who told jurors that the victim, Jill Su, was stabbed between 23 and 27 times. Judge exonerates Groveland Four in notorious rape case from 1949 Mon, 11/22/2021 - 15:41 'A glory hallelujah day:' Relatives rejoice after a judge posthumously clears the Groveland Four of 1949 rape. Florida man spotted with Pelosi’s lectern pleads guilty in Jan. 6 riot Mon, 11/22/2021 - 14:17 A Florida man photographed carrying a lectern belonging to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s office at the U.S. Capitol during the Jan. 6 insurrection pleaded guilty Monday for his part in the riot. DeSantis to ask Legislature for a $1 billion gas tax cut next year Mon, 11/22/2021 - 14:11 Gov. Ron DeSantis is asking lawmakers to cut Florida’s array of gas and fuel taxes by $1 billion next year, a response to the inflation felt by consumers, particularly at the pumps as the economy rebounds from the COVID-19 pandemic. This Delray Beach man, 102, fought Nazi war crimes. Now he’s expected to get a big award. Mon, 11/22/2021 - 13:59 A South Florida man who fought Nazi atrocities as a Nuremberg prosecutor is on tap to receive Congress’ highest civilian honor — receiving a big thank you Monday for his lifelong human-rights work. Kyle Rittenhouse was seen at a Florida restaurant. State Republicans cheered while others jeered. Mon, 11/22/2021 - 13:22 Kyle Rittenhouse was in Florida over the weekend, drawing support on social media from some and repudiation by others. Former NYPD officers heralded by DeSantis include fired security guard, defendant in federal police brutality suit Mon, 11/22/2021 - 11:05 The newest dozen police officers lauded by Gov. Ron DeSantis for moving to Florida from New York City include one previously fired as a Walmart security guard, one with only three years of experience who demanded more than double his salary, and others with mysterious gaps in their resumes. A historic San Juan church that once welcomed freed slaves now takes in Haitian refugees Mon, 11/22/2021 - 10:25 At the church's entrance is a collage of photos of Haitian children, with a verse from the Gospel of Matthew in big, printed letters above their faces. Florida COVID-19 update: Here’s the data to watch including cases, deaths and vaccinations Mon, 11/22/2021 - 09:20 Here are the updated statistics on COVID-19 in Florida including new cases, deaths, hospitalizations, testing positivity and hospital capacity. Florida reported 11,275 new cases Friday, bringing the daily average to 10,877, and increased its death toll by six. What’s open or closed in South Florida for the Thanksgiving holidays Mon, 11/22/2021 - 07:47 Want to go out or do business on Thanksgiving or Black Friday? Here's a list of what is open or closed in South Florida. Judge in Florida lawsuit won’t delay COVID-19 vaccine mandate for health care workers Mon, 11/22/2021 - 04:16 A federal judge has rejected Florida’s request to immediately block a Biden administration requirement that workers at hospitals, nursing homes and other health-care providers be vaccinated against COVID-19. Judge could right a 72-year-old wrong in notorious rape case of Groveland Four Mon, 11/22/2021 - 04:00 A 72-year-old racial injustice could be corrected this morning when a judge in Lake County hears a prosecutor’s extraordinary petition to set aside the 1949 rape indictment and convictions which destroyed the lives of four young Black men who came to be known to the nation as the “Groveland Four.”
0.960691	With: Lawrence Abu Hamdan, Latifa Echakhch, Sharon Hayes, Hiwa K, Franck Leibovici, Eileen Simpson and Ben White (Open Music Archive), Adrian Piper, The Otolith Group + + {\|cellpadding="0" + \|- valign="top" + \|width="600px"\| ''curated by Anna Colin & Sam Thorne'' ''curated by Anna Colin & Sam Thorne'' Line 11: Line 19: ''Playhead'' (2013) by Eileen Simpson and Ben White builds on an ongoing project initiated by Open Music Archive for 17th Biennale of Sydney 2010 taking as a starting point the 1952 release Harry Smith's ''Anthology of American Folk Music''. The project brings together alternative public domain versions of tracks from the anthology not closed down by copyright, from non-attributed folk versions and covers to commercial recordings whose proprietary interests have expired. New copyleft iterations are simultaneously generated from elements of the archive material. ''Playhead'' (2013) by Eileen Simpson and Ben White builds on an ongoing project initiated by Open Music Archive for 17th Biennale of Sydney 2010 taking as a starting point the 1952 release Harry Smith's ''Anthology of American Folk Music''. The project brings together alternative public domain versions of tracks from the anthology not closed down by copyright, from non-attributed folk versions and covers to commercial recordings whose proprietary interests have expired. New copyleft iterations are simultaneously generated from elements of the archive material. − ''Playhead'' consists of: a continuous video stream with amplified audio; indexical elements which map channels of access and restriction to archive material - both in printed form and enlarged across the walls, appropriating attributes from abstract minimalism; and elements distributed freely online including over 200 catalogued and ripped public domain tracks and newly commissioned remixes. + ''Playhead'' consists of: a continuous video stream with amplified audio; indexical elements which map channels of access and restriction to archive material - both in printed form and enlarged across the walls, appropriating attributes from abstract minimalism; and elements [http://www.openmusicarchive.org/playhead distributed freely online] including over 200 catalogued and ripped public domain tracks and newly commissioned remixes. The video - a continuous audiovisual stream - acts as an archival playhead, skipping through the 84 anthology tracks to recall archive and new recordings. Shot on DV tape and played back on a 1995 Beovision 4:3 monitor, rotating onscreen numbers link indexically to the collected recordings. The endlessly looping video references algorithmic scripting, recalling the spirit of ''The Chart Show'', a music video programme broadcast terrestrially in the UK in the 1990s which pioneered the policy of 'no presenters', who were instead replaced by computer-generated displays. The video - a continuous audiovisual stream - acts as an archival playhead, skipping through the 84 anthology tracks to recall archive and new recordings. Shot on DV tape and played back on a 1995 Beovision 4:3 monitor, rotating onscreen numbers link indexically to the collected recordings. The endlessly looping video references algorithmic scripting, recalling the spirit of ''The Chart Show'', a music video programme broadcast terrestrially in the UK in the 1990s which pioneered the policy of 'no presenters', who were instead replaced by computer-generated displays. Line 17: Line 25: The 1952 ''Anthology of American Folk Music'' was assembled from an idiosyncratic personal collection of commercial 78rpm records. The recordings date back to the beginnings of the recording industry, a moment that marked the establishment of a system to fix collectively-authored folk lyrics and melodies to individual authors in an attempt to control and profit from previously fluid cultural material. The 1952 ''Anthology of American Folk Music'' was assembled from an idiosyncratic personal collection of commercial 78rpm records. The recordings date back to the beginnings of the recording industry, a moment that marked the establishment of a system to fix collectively-authored folk lyrics and melodies to individual authors in an attempt to control and profit from previously fluid cultural material. − Like the printed brochure that accompanied the original anthology which included recording dates and additional details on the anthology recordings, a new printed element provides coded annotations on the current public or proprietary status of the anthology recordings, along with future dates of copyright expiry and additional sourced alternative archive recordings which pre and post date those featured in the 1952 anthology. Details of new remixed versions generated for project including electronically processed material by Karen Gwyer and Beatrice Dillon and beats made for specifically for Atlanta based emcees are also listed and linked to. The printed element is offered as a limited unlimited edition for takeaway from the exhibition, unlimited by the fact that it is also available for free download. + Like the printed brochure that accompanied the original anthology which included recording dates and additional details on the anthology recordings, a [http://www.openmusicarchive.org/playhead/SCHIZOPHONIA_105x297.pdf new printed element] provides coded annotations on the current public or proprietary status of the anthology recordings, along with future dates of copyright expiry and additional sourced alternative archive recordings which pre and post date those featured in the 1952 anthology. Details of new remixed versions generated for project including electronically processed material by Karen Gwyer and Beatrice Dillon and beats made for specifically for Atlanta based emcees are also listed and linked to. The printed element is offered as a limited unlimited edition for takeaway from the exhibition, unlimited by the fact that it is also available for [http://www.openmusicarchive.org/playhead/SCHIZOPHONIA_105x297.pdf free download]. Through scrutiny of the public/private status of the archive, its ownerships and freedoms, ''Playhead'' assembles a parallel anthology tracing the rights that subsist within recorded material, that prevent or open access and creates a platform for the re-circulation of collectively-authored sonic material - to open out the archive as resource for the future. Pursuing lines of enquiry provoked by Smith's erratic collection, encountering voices conjured from past, the project envisages the anthology as a series of nodes in a larger network and employs a kind of sonic virology - tracing songs across spatial and temporal distances. Through scrutiny of the public/private status of the archive, its ownerships and freedoms, ''Playhead'' assembles a parallel anthology tracing the rights that subsist within recorded material, that prevent or open access and creates a platform for the re-circulation of collectively-authored sonic material - to open out the archive as resource for the future. Pursuing lines of enquiry provoked by Smith's erratic collection, encountering voices conjured from past, the project envisages the anthology as a series of nodes in a larger network and employs a kind of sonic virology - tracing songs across spatial and temporal distances. Line 25: Line 33: ''Playhead'' remains open for active future reuse and loops back into the wider ongoing, collaborative project of Open Music Archive. ''Playhead'' remains open for active future reuse and loops back into the wider ongoing, collaborative project of Open Music Archive. − == Video == + \| − <videoflash type="vimeo" class="video800">76971186</videoflash> <videoflash type="vimeo" class="video800">76972904</videoflash> <videoflash type="vimeo" class="video800">76972902</videoflash> <videoflash type="vimeo" class="video800">76972903</videoflash> <videoflash type="vimeo" class="video800">76972901</videoflash> + {{#ev:vimeo\|76971186}} + + {{#ev:vimeo\|76972904}} + + \|} + + {{#ev:vimeo\|76972902}} + {{#ev:vimeo\|76972903}} + {{#ev:vimeo\|76972901}} == Images == == Images == − [[File:MG 8379.jpg\|300px]] [[File:MG 8372.jpg\|300px]] [[File:MG 8355.jpg\|300px]] [[File:MG 8354.jpg\|300px]] [[File:DSC7098.jpg\|300px]] [[File:DSC7080.jpg\|133px]] [[File:DSC7075.jpg\|133px]] [[File:DSC7073.jpg\|133px]] [[File:DSC7067.jpg\|300px]] [[File:DSC7065.jpg\|300px]] + − [[File:MG 8407.jpg\|300px]] [[File:DSC7107.jpg\|300px]] + [[File:MG 8355.jpg\|300px]] [[File:DSC7065.jpg\|300px]] [[File:MG 8379.jpg\|300px]] [[File:MG 8372.jpg\|300px]] [[File:MG 8354.jpg\|300px]] [[File:DSC7098.jpg\|300px]] [[File:DSC7073.jpg\|133px]] [[File:DSC7067.jpg\|300px]] [[File:MG 8407.jpg\|300px]] [[File:DSC7107.jpg\|300px]] == Listen / Download == == Listen / Download == Latest revision as of 20:51, 22 November 2018 Contents 1 Playhead: a Parallel Anthology 2 Images 3 Listen / Download 4 Printed element 5 Credits Playhead: a Parallel Anthology Schizophonia 25 October 2013 - 16 February 2014 Centre D'Art Contemporain La Synagogue de Delme 33 rue Poincaré F - 57590 Delme With: Lawrence Abu Hamdan, Latifa Echakhch, Sharon Hayes, Hiwa K, Franck Leibovici, Eileen Simpson and Ben White (Open Music Archive), Adrian Piper, The Otolith Group curated by Anna Colin & Sam Thorne Playhead (2013) by Eileen Simpson and Ben White builds on an ongoing project initiated by Open Music Archive for 17th Biennale of Sydney 2010 taking as a starting point the 1952 release Harry Smith's Anthology of American Folk Music. The project brings together alternative public domain versions of tracks from the anthology not closed down by copyright, from non-attributed folk versions and covers to commercial recordings whose proprietary interests have expired. New copyleft iterations are simultaneously generated from elements of the archive material. Playhead consists of: a continuous video stream with amplified audio; indexical elements which map channels of access and restriction to archive material - both in printed form and enlarged across the walls, appropriating attributes from abstract minimalism; and elements distributed freely online including over 200 catalogued and ripped public domain tracks and newly commissioned remixes. The video - a continuous audiovisual stream - acts as an archival playhead, skipping through the 84 anthology tracks to recall archive and new recordings. Shot on DV tape and played back on a 1995 Beovision 4:3 monitor, rotating onscreen numbers link indexically to the collected recordings. The endlessly looping video references algorithmic scripting, recalling the spirit of The Chart Show, a music video programme broadcast terrestrially in the UK in the 1990s which pioneered the policy of 'no presenters', who were instead replaced by computer-generated displays. The 1952 Anthology of American Folk Music was assembled from an idiosyncratic personal collection of commercial 78rpm records. The recordings date back to the beginnings of the recording industry, a moment that marked the establishment of a system to fix collectively-authored folk lyrics and melodies to individual authors in an attempt to control and profit from previously fluid cultural material. Like the printed brochure that accompanied the original anthology which included recording dates and additional details on the anthology recordings, a new printed element provides coded annotations on the current public or proprietary status of the anthology recordings, along with future dates of copyright expiry and additional sourced alternative archive recordings which pre and post date those featured in the 1952 anthology. Details of new remixed versions generated for project including electronically processed material by Karen Gwyer and Beatrice Dillon and beats made for specifically for Atlanta based emcees are also listed and linked to. The printed element is offered as a limited unlimited edition for takeaway from the exhibition, unlimited by the fact that it is also available for free download. Through scrutiny of the public/private status of the archive, its ownerships and freedoms, Playhead assembles a parallel anthology tracing the rights that subsist within recorded material, that prevent or open access and creates a platform for the re-circulation of collectively-authored sonic material - to open out the archive as resource for the future. Pursuing lines of enquiry provoked by Smith's erratic collection, encountering voices conjured from past, the project envisages the anthology as a series of nodes in a larger network and employs a kind of sonic virology - tracing songs across spatial and temporal distances. Playhead is a coming together of fragments from a complicated series of interconnected trajectories with no singular history - a new roots and future public domain anthology. It is not a musicological, anthropological or historical study, but the distribution of a partial mapping and playback of recorded music, negotiated through the lens of copyright, stretching back one hundred years and simultaneously, projecting decades into the future. The viral nature of folk ensures the inexorable spread of the material, which overlaps with contemporary practices of remix, sampling and peer-to-peer exchange. Playhead remains open for active future reuse and loops back into the wider ongoing, collaborative project of Open Music Archive. Images Listen / Download Listen / Download Printed element Download a PDF of the printed element of Playhead Credits Playhead was commissioned for Schizophonia, an exhibition curated by Anna Colin and Sam Thorne at Synagogue De Delme
0.999987	Article: How Can I Benefit from a Wealth Replacement Trust? : How Can I Benefit from a Wealth Replacement Trust? Skip to main content Home About Us Our Mission Our Associates Our Location Affiliated Offices Our Firm Our Qualifications Join Our Firm WHAT KEEPS YOU UP AT NIGHT? Tell A Friend Resources Articles Calculators Flipbooks Newsletters Glossary Tax Library Videos Request A Quote Long-Term Care Insurance Group Health Life Insurance Individual Health Disability Income Insurance 401(k) Information Request Information Request Contact Us Paladin Financial Services, Inc. has rebranded to Ascend Wealth Consulting. Same team, same company, just a new image for the future! connect Address: 405 Autumn Drive Carlisle, PA 17015 Phone: 717-249-1026 Fax/Other: 717-249-1869 E-mail: Click here to E-Mail us Printed from: www.paladinfinancialservices.com How Can I Benefit from a Wealth Replacement Trust? Charitable giving can be a rewarding experience by allowing you to both give and receive. To enjoy the benefits of charitable giving, you can utilize a variety of strategies. The basics of charitable remainder trusts To establish a charitable remainder trust, you transfer appreciated property to an irrevocable trust and designate the charity of your choice as the remainder beneficiary of the trust. The property in the trust is then sold and reinvested to provide income. You generally retain a lifetime interest in the income generated by the trust, and when the trust expires at your death, the remaining property in the trust is transferred to the charitable organization. You are entitled to a current income tax deduction for the charitable gift, subject to certain limits. And because the property was sold within the charitable trust, you will not have to pay tax on any capital gains. (However, distributions you receive from the trust are generally subject to income tax.) This enables the full value of your property to be reinvested, which will increase the income generated by the trust. It also enables the charity to receive a larger gift. If you have heirs, a charitable remainder trust has one major drawback: When the charitable trust terminates, the property in the trust is transferred to the charitable organization, rather than to family heirs. So while the charitable remainder trust offers many benefits, this strategy can effectively disinherit your heirs. Replacing gifted assets One effective solution to this situation could be a wealth replacement trust. To create a wealth replacement trust, you use a portion of the income from a charitable remainder trust to buy a life insurance policy. You decide how much of the charitable gift to replace. You can buy enough insurance to replace only a portion of the property that will eventually pass to charity, or you may prefer to replace all of the property in the charitable remainder trust. The wealth replacement trust is often designed so that upon the death of the second spouse, the life insurance death benefit goes to your heirs. These funds replace the property that passes to the charity from the charitable remainder trust. And because the life insurance policy is owned by the trust, the proceeds of the policy will generally not be subject to estate taxes at either death. An appropriate strategy? If this strategy sounds interesting to you, there are a variety of considerations. The cost and availability of life insurance depend on factors such as age, health, and the type and amount of insurance purchased. As with most financial decisions, there are expenses associated with the purchase of life insurance. Policies commonly have mortality and expense charges. In addition, if a policy is surrendered prematurely, there may be surrender charges and income tax implications. Before implementing this strategy, it would be prudent to make sure you are insurable. In many cases, the wealth replacement trust could be an appropriate way to preserve family wealth. While trusts offer numerous advantages, they incur up-front costs and ongoing administrative fees. The use of trusts involves a complex web of tax rules and regulations. You might consider enlisting the counsel of an experienced estate planning professional and your legal and tax professionals before implementing such strategies. The information in this newsletter is not intended as tax, legal, investment, or retirement advice or recommendations, and it may not be relied on for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. You are encouraged to seek guidance from an independent tax or legal professional. The content is derived from sources believed to be accurate. Neither the information presented nor any opinion expressed constitutes a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. This material was written and prepared by Broadridge Advisor Solutions. © 2021 Broadridge Investor Communication Solutions, Inc. Securities offered through registered representatives of Cambridge Investment Research, Inc., a broker-dealer, member FINRA SIPC to residents of AZ, CA, CO, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, MD, MI, NC, OH, PA, SC, VA, WA and WV. Advisory services offered through Cambridge Investment Research Advisors, Inc., a Registered Investment Advisor. Ascend Wealth Consulting and Cambridge are not affiliated.
0.97446	francia '98 finale Qualifiche Moto3 Oggi, Mariano Izco Moglie, Ospedale San Giovanni Roma Covid, L'autismo Visto Dai Bambini, Come Iscriversi All'università, Rosa Milan 2020 2021, Maestra Mary Schede Didattiche Infanzia, 45584 Donazione Acqua, Canzoni Sulla Diversità E Uguaglianza, " /> Il Libro Gli Autori Risorse Contenuti Libro Il Libro Gli Autori Risorse Contenuti Libro 18 Dicembre 2020 francia '98 finale France 98: France: Rate this league ( 1 votes ) : Last Visitors Ratings: player: Beier: 5.0 (1) player: CY Lee: 2.8 (9) match: Khimki - Arsenal: 3.0 (1) My Line-up: Atletico by Adnan: My Line-up: West Ham by Rob Thuram then added a second twenty minutes from time to send France to their first ever World Cup final. [11] Midfielder Emmanuel Petit wrapped up the scoring in the 90th minute, after receiving a through ball from his Arsenal teammate Patrick Vieira, slotting the ball low into the net. Blanc's expulsion meant he would miss the final. [12], Man of the Match: Only minutes later, Ronaldo was put through on goal by a long ball from Dunga, but he could not get the better of the onrushing Fabien Barthez, who collided with the Brazilian striker. This final was also the first ever played in the new Stade de France. Area: francobolli, Categoria: Andorra francese, Prezzo catalogo: € 4.00, Prezzo netto: € 2.60, Descrizione: Francia 98 finale Francia Brasile nuovo gomma integra MNH catalogo Unificato nr 507 Home: World Cup Finals: France 1998: Match Schedule: Day 1. The 1998 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that was played on 12 July 1998 at the Stade de France in the Parisian commune of Saint-Denis to determine the winner of the 1998 FIFA World Cup.The final was contested by defending champions Brazil and the host nation France, marking the first time that a World Cup final was disputed between the host nation and the defending champion. [15][16] France would become the first World Cup holders to be eliminated in the tournament's first round, before returning to the final in 2006. 12 July 1998, Paris. The match also saw speculation on the condition of the Brazilian striker Ronaldo, who suffered a convulsive fit on the eve of the match. ! l'extérieur même si dans les tribunes du Stade de France les taches. The country was chosen as the host nation by FIFA for the second time in the history of the tournament, defeating Morocco in the bidding process. - La fameuse règle du but en or avait été introduite lors de l'Euro 96, deux ans plus tôt, permettant à l'Allemand Oliver Bierhoff de battre la République Tchèque en finale. France won the match 3–0 to claim their maiden World Cup, with the timing of the match two days before Bastille Day adding to the significance of the victory. Brazil's superstar playmakers Leonardo and Rivaldo were kept quiet by Didier Deschamps and Christian Karembeu, and Brazil found it difficult to outflank the French as wingbacks Bixente Lizarazu and Lillian Thuram helped neutralize their offensive minded counterparts as Cafu and Roberto Carlos were unable to contribute to Brazil's attack the way they had in the previous matches of the tournament. They recorded victories over Scotland (2–1) and Morocco (3–0) to progress but lost their final game 2–1 to Norway. France 98 Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E Group F Group G Group H Second Round Quarter Finals Semi Finals Final Third Place Matchday 4 - 27-Jun-98 Last Visitors Ratings: International Olympic Committee president, "World Cup: 25 stunning moments … No15: Ronaldo falters as France win", "WHERE ARE THEY Now? WM FRANCE 98, FINALE, Paris; BRASILIEN - FRANKREICH 0:3 ; FRANKREICH FUSSBALLWELTMEISTER 1998; Zinedine ZIDANE/FRA - Jubel nach dem Treffer zum 0:2 The 1998 UEFA Cup Final was a football match played at Parc des Princes in Paris on 6 May 1998 between two Italian sides, Lazio and Internazionale.Inter won the match 3–0. WM FRANCE 98, FINALE, Paris; BRASILIEN - FRANKREICH 0:3 ; FRANKREICH FUSSBALLWELTMEISTER 1998; Christophe DUGARRY - Jubel - Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images They had a penalty shoot-out with Italy in the quarter-finals, and defeated recently formed Croatia to reach the final for the very first time in team history. 3-0 (2-0) GOALS 27' 1-0 Zinedine Zidane (assist - Emmanuel Petit) +45' 2-0 Zinedine Zidane (assist - Youri Djorkaeff) +90' 3-0 Emmanuel Petit (assist - Patrick Vieira) REFEREE Said Belqola (Morocco) LINESMEN Mark Warren (England) Achmat Salie (South Africa) 4TH OFFICIAL … The game finished 1–1 at full-time, Ronaldo scoring just after half-time and Patrick Kluivert equalising for the Netherlands in the 87th minute, and the score remained the same through extra-time. Ronaldo-shock a Francia 98 Ai Mondiali del 1998 il Brasile arrivò in finale. Ina Sport 15,065 views. Both needed assistance from the squad medics but quickly recovered. Bienvenue sur la page Facebook officielle France 98 vs FIFA 98 : Le match de légende ! Publication date 1998-07-12 Topics France, Bresil, Brazil, Football, Soccer, Final, Wold Cup Language French. The Coupe de France Final 1998 was a football match held at Stade de France, Saint-Denis on May 2, 1998, that saw Paris SG defeat RC Lens 2-1 thanks to goals by Raí and Marco Simone.Vladimir Smicer scored for the Division 1 champion which could not enjoyed two successes. The match had to be settled by penalties which Brazil won 4–2 to reach their second successive World Cup final. Zinedine Zidane (France), Assistant referees: It’s the biggest sporting event in the world with hosts France up against tournament favourites Brazil in the World Cup Final. Beautiful Images of Football as Prints, Framed, Wall Stickers or on Canvas in different Formats. ET UN ET DEUX ET TROIS ZÉRO !! Brazil vs Scotland in St. Denis: (17:30) The Scots conceded the first goal of the tournament, from a corner, after only four minutes. Ronaldo non doveva giocare" su Sky Video - Sky Sport HD The country was chosen as the host nation by FIFA for the second time in the history of the tournament, defeating Morocco in the bidding process. Many of the French players who won the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000 are also part of the France 98 charity association, with Deschamps as president and Jacquet as coach for charity matches and testimonials. [6][7] They next faced Group B runners-up Chile in the last-16 and comprehensively won 4–1, Ronaldo and César Sampaio each scoring twice. Coupe du Monde 1998: il a acheté le maillot de Zidane - Duration: 1:06. Grosse Année pour les français ON A GAGNER !!! After initially being left out of the team sheet, in spite of his physical state, it was announced just 72 minutes before kick-off that he was going to play. This final was also the first ever played in the new Stade de France. The Coupe de France Final 1998 was a football match held at Stade de France, Saint-Denis on May 2, 1998, that saw Paris SG defeat RC Lens 2-1 thanks to goals by Raí and Marco Simone.Vladimir Smicer scored for the Division 1 champion which could not enjoyed two successes. Suker's too sweet for Stelea. The match ended in controversy however when Blanc was sent off after a skirmish with Croatia's Slaven Bilić. Morocco vs Norway in Montpellier ( 2:2 ). La France le retrouvera en 2000 lorsqu'il rejoindra le RC Strasbourg pour deux ans, où son bilan sera mitigé, malgré un but marqué. In 1950, there was no final; the article is about the decisive match of the final group stage. On their way to the final, defending champions Brazil, coached by their former player Mário Zagallo, recorded victories over Scotland (2–1) and Morocco (3–0) to top their group with six points from three matches, suffering a surprise 2–1 defeat at the hands of Norway in their final group game. Notes: There was no qualification for the 1930 World Cup as places were given by invitation only. France 3 0 Brésil - Match Complet - CDM 98 - FOOTbyTOUF by Kristouf. France followed up their victory by qualifying for and winning the UEFA Euro 2000 held in the Netherlands and Belgium. The 3–0 scoreline was also Brazil's largest loss in the World Cup, up until their 7–1 loss to Germany in the 2014 World Cup semi-final, which was also played in Brazil. Despite being 1–0 down to a Martin Jorgensen goal in the second minute, Brazil turned the game around in their favour with goals from Bebeto (11) and Rivaldo (27). Argentina vs England in St. Etienne ().. Romania vs Croatia in Bordeaux ().. Romania vs Croatia in Bordeaux: (16.30). President Chirac handed the trophy to French captain Didier Deschamps.[13]. Extra Small to Super-Size Dimensions. For Brazil, this marked only the second time that they had lost a World Cup final, following their 2–1 upset loss to Uruguay in the de facto final of the 1950 World Cup on home soil, nicknamed the Maracanazo in Brazil. [4][5] Zinedine Zidane, who was named man of the match, scored twice before half-time and Emmanuel Petit added a third goal in the last minute. France became the sixth out of – as of 2018 – seven countries to win the World Cup in its first appearance in the final, 32 years after the most recent team to have achieved so, England (1966). France 3-0 Brésil Finale de la coupe du monde 1998. [9] As stoppage time began, France had an excellent chance to double their lead when a miscue by Brazil's two central defenders, Junior Baiano and Aldair, put Stéphane Guivarc'h one on one with Claudio Taffarel, but the French striker hit a weak effort that was saved by Taffarel out for a corner. Rahman Al Zaid (Saudi Arabia). WM FRANCE 98, FINALE, Paris; BRASILIEN - FRANKREICH 0:3 ; FRANKREICH FUSSBALLWELTMEISTER 1998; Zinedine ZIDANE erzielt hier das TOR zum 0:1 - FRANKREICH Watch France 98 vs Fifa 98 Highlights Kick Off at 19:45 (GMT) on 12th June, 2018 This is a match in International – Friendlies Match Day 1, Season 2018 [nextpage title=”Extended HL(HD)”] Brazil were drawn in Group A for the group stages alongside Scotland, Morocco and Norway. In the quarter-finals France faced Italy who had also scraped through to the quarter-finals with a 1–0 win over Norway. [6], Zinedine Zidane gave France the lead just before the half-hour mark with a header from an in-swinging corner from the right taken by Emmanuel Petit. belle forteresse du Mondial s'écrouler deux. They started their campaign with an easy 3–0 win over South Africa followed by a convincing 4–0 win over Saudi Arabia. France 3 0 Brésil - Match Complet - CDM 98 - FOOTbyTOUF by Kristouf. The 1998 FIFA World Cup was the 16th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams. It was held in France from 10 June to 12 July 1998. Although it was believed that the decision to play Ronaldo had backfired, it was understandable as the player had been a crucial member of the side throughout the tournament, having scored four goals and created three more.[8]. They defeated Brazil 1–0 in the quarter-finals en route to the final defeat against Italy. The final was contested by defending champions Brazil [2] and the host nation France, marking the first time that a World Cup final was disputed between the host nation and the defending champion. 12 juin 2018 @UarenaOfficiel @TF1 France responded immediately with Lilian Thuram scoring his first international goal. Gabriel Batistuta, Patrick Kluivert, Ronaldo, Alan Shearer, Davor Suker – iconic No9s were aplenty at the 1998 FIFA World Cup France™! Group matches at France 98 played on Wednesday, 10th June. Desailly became the first player to be red carded and win the World Cup. France won the match 3–0 to claim their maiden World Cup, with the timing of the match two days before Bastille Dayad… Download FIFA Coupe du Monde 98 finale Bresil - France french Xvid torrent or any other torrent from Other Movies category. The final was contested by defending champions Brazil and the host nation France, marking the first time that a World Cup final was disputed between the host nation and the defending champion. A first for the UFC: two undefeated fighters battling for the Light Heavyweight title. Zinedine Zidane France v Brazil World Cup Final 1998 Acrylic at Sports Photo Gallery. France secured top spot in their group courtesy of a 2–1 win over Denmark with goals from Youri Djorkaeff and Emmanuel Petit. 1998 Finale France Brésil. In a squad full of stars, Ronaldo is Brazil… [10], In the second half, Ronaldo had a chance to halve the deficit. The 1998 FIFA World Cup was the 16th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament contested by the senior men's teams of the national associations affiliated to FIFA (the International Federation of Association Football). France 98 : La finale sur écran géant à Colombes \| Archive INA - Duration: 2:30. The tournament was played in France from 10 June to 12 July 1998 and featured 32 teams divided into eight groups of four. Second Round matches at France 98 played on Tuesday, 30th June. Leggi su Sky Sport l'articolo Calcio, accadde oggi: Ronaldo, il mistero di Francia '98 Il 13 luglio 1998, l’aereo del Brasile atterra a Rio il giorno dopo la finale mondiale persa contro la Francia. 4.8K likes. France 3-0 Brésil Finale de la coupe du monde 1998. The build-up was dominated by the fitness of Brazil's star striker, Ronaldo, amid reports that he had suffered a pre-match fit. It was held in France from 10 June to 12 July 1998. Brazil would have another chance when Denílson hit the bar from a good chance inside the penalty area. In 1984, France won the European Championships on home soil, and their supporters expected them to win the 1998 World Cup in France as well; at least they reached the 1998 World Cup Final , to better their previous best. Mark Warren (England) Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. [14] Brazil took the Copa América title in 1999, and won the next World Cup in Japan and South Korea. Brian Laudrup equalised for Denmark after 50 minutes but Brazil won the game 10 minutes later courtesy of a second from Rivaldo. After France's last penalty shooter, defender Laurent Blanc, beat Pagliuca to give France a 4-3 advantage, Di Biagio, the last of Italy's five designated shooters, walked forward. Ronaldo went on to set the record for most goals scored in World Cup finals (15) in 2006,[17] which was later broken by Miroslav Klose of Germany in 2014. 2:30. Fourth official: France reached the semi-finals in Sweden 1958, Spain 1982, and Mexico 1986. Telecronaca di Vincenzo Calabrese estratta dallo "Speciale Francia 1998" andato in onda su Cam Tele3 e realizzato anche per la TV Comunitaria MT. In the semi-finals, Brazil faced the Netherlands in Marseille. FRANCE - BRAZIL. In the second round, they faced Group D runners-up Paraguay. It … The star-studded 1998 World Cup Winning France Team", "1998 World Cup Final: Brazil 0-3 France", "France plays perfect host; hoists World Cup in Paris", "Brazil legend Ronaldo retires from football", "World Cup 2014: Miroslav Klose breaks finals goals record", FIFA World Cup Final 1998 Brazil vs. France full match (On YouTube), West Germany 3–3 (a.e.t., 5–4 pen.) The 1998 FIFA World Cup was the 16th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams. Ronaldo soffriva di una tendinopatia bilaterale al ginocchio sinistro: poche ore prima dell’epilogo contro la Francia, il Fenomeno accusò un malore, ma dopo un ricovero lampo giocò lo stesso in condizioni pietose. Planet World Cup - 1998 - Final - France v Brazil. A tense match ended 0–0 after extra time and France won 4–3 on penalties after Italy's Luigi Di Biagio struck his penalty onto the crossbar. [4] In the match, he sustained an injury in a clash with French goalkeeper Fabien Barthez. Get up to date results from the World (FIFA) - World Cup for the France 1998 football season. As for France, they won their three group matches and defeated Paraguay in the knockout stages on golden goals. [3] France were drawn in Group C alongside Denmark, South Africa and Saudi Arabia. Get the latest football scores & result for all games in the France 1998 World (FIFA) - World Cup and all other football match results from the World (FIFA) World Cup only at ScoresPro - #1 football livescores website for all of the World (FIFA)'s World Cup football action! Después de 120 minutos, italianos y franceses definen por penales al primer semifinalista de Francia '98 en el Stade de France (Saint-Denis) France had to play the last 20 minutes with only 10 men with the dismissal of Marcel Desailly. [18] Blanc and Deschamps would later have spells as manager of the France national team, with the latter leading them to a second World Cup title 20 years later in the 2018 World Cup in Russia, making him only the third man to have won the World Cup as both player and manager after Brazil's Zagallo and Germany's Franz Beckenbauer. Coupe de France results at Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation, 1998 King Hassan II International Cup Tournament, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1998_Coupe_de_France_Final&oldid=969211288, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 July 2020, at 01:45. Guarda Leonardo: "Finale Francia '98? After sending the goalkeeper the wrong way on the first penalty, in the 45th minute, Suker had to take it again because Boban entered the area. The match had an attendance in the region of 75,000.[4]. The 1998 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that was played on 12 July 1998 at the Stade de France in the Parisian commune of Saint-Denis to determine the winner of the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The 1998 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that was played on 12 July 1998 at the Stade de France in the Parisian commune of Saint-Denis to determine the winner of the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Replays showed, however, that there was minimal contact between the players. O n the joyous occasions I ever recall France 98, a song instantly comes into my head. Match Info – France 98 vs fifa 98 Highlights. The ball fell for him inside the penalty box, but he could only plant his shot into Barthez's arms. Publication date 1998-07-12 Topics France, Bresil, Brazil, Football, Soccer, Final, Wold Cup Language French. France won a close encounter 1–0 in extra time thanks to a golden goal scored by Laurent Blanc. Football statistics of the country France in the year 1998. French president Jacques Chirac, the International Olympic Committee president Juan Antonio Samaranch, the newly-elected FIFA president Sepp Blatter and his predecessor João Havelange, UEFA president Lennart Johansson, and co-president of local organizing committee Michel Platini were among those present at the stands during the awards ceremony. Achmat Salie (South Africa) In the semi-finals, France faced tournament surprise Croatia. Bilić had sunk down to his knees, seemingly in pain. France doubled their lead a minute later, as Brazil could only clear the first corner out for another corner, this time from the left, Zidane scored another bouncing header that was almost identical to his first, to give the French a two-goal lead. Fast International Delivery & 100% Satisfation After a goal-less first half, Croatia took the lead in the first minute of the second half through Davor Šuker, his fifth goal of the tournament. France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1998_FIFA_World_Cup_Final&oldid=989661782, International association football competitions hosted by Paris, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 November 2020, at 08:25. Brazil vs Scotland in St. Denis ( 2:1 ). France 98 vs FIFA 98 : Le match de légende. July 12th 1998 (21:00) Saint-Denis, Stade de France. Finale Coupe Du Monde De La FIFA France 1998 France - Brésil In the quarter-finals, they played Denmark, who had also won their previous game 4–1 (against Nigeria), but Brazil won a tight game 3–2. After a 4–1 win over Chile and a 3–2 success against Denmark, they reached the final with a penalty shoot-out victory over the Netherlands. It also became the sixth and – as of 2018 – most recent country to win on home soil. Qualifiche Moto3 Oggi, Mariano Izco Moglie, Ospedale San Giovanni Roma Covid, L'autismo Visto Dai Bambini, Come Iscriversi All'università, Rosa Milan 2020 2021, Maestra Mary Schede Didattiche Infanzia, 45584 Donazione Acqua, Canzoni Sulla Diversità E Uguaglianza, Portfolio navigation Previous Leave a Reply Cancel Reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Do il mio consenso affinché un cookie salvi i miei dati (nome, email, sito web) per il prossimo commento.
0.999999	Also you may use masks. Character '?' in a mask means any single character, and character '' means sequence of any characters. For example: UKR (Ukraine, ukrainian, ...), S?IE* (science, shield, skied, ...) Translate a word: Translate from: Belarusian - Belarus Bulgarian - Bulgaria Croatian - Croatia Czech - Czech Republic Danish - Denmark Dutch - Netherlands English - USA English - United Kingdom Esperanto Estonian - Estonia Finnish - Finland French - France German - Germany Greek - Greece Hungarian - Hungary Icelandic - Iceland Italian - Italy Latin - Vatican Latvian - Latvia Lithuanian - Lithuania Macedonian - Macedonia Norwegian - Norway Polish - Poland Portuguese - Portugal Romanian - Romania Russian - Russia Serbian - Serbia Slovak - Slovakia Slovenian - Slovenia Spanish - Spain Swedish - Sweden Ukrainian - Ukraine Translate to: Belarusian - Belarus Bulgarian - Bulgaria Croatian - Croatia Czech - Czech Republic Danish - Denmark Dutch - Netherlands English - USA English - United Kingdom Esperanto Estonian - Estonia Finnish - Finland French - France German - Germany Greek - Greece Hungarian - Hungary Icelandic - Iceland Italian - Italy Latin - Vatican Latvian - Latvia Lithuanian - Lithuania Macedonian - Macedonia Norwegian - Norway Polish - Poland Portuguese - Portugal Romanian - Romania Russian - Russia Serbian - Serbia Slovak - Slovakia Slovenian - Slovenia Spanish - Spain Swedish - Sweden Ukrainian - Ukraine Interface language: Belarusian - Belarus Bulgarian - Bulgaria Croatian - Croatia Czech - Czech Republic Danish - Denmark Dutch - Netherlands English - USA English - United Kingdom Esperanto Estonian - Estonia Finnish - Finland French - France German - Germany Greek - Greece Hungarian - Hungary Icelandic - Iceland Italian - Italy Latin - Vatican Latvian - Latvia Lithuanian - Lithuania Macedonian - Macedonia Norwegian - Norway Polish - Poland Portuguese - Portugal Romanian - Romania Russian - Russia Serbian - Serbia Slovak - Slovakia Slovenian - Slovenia Spanish - Spain Swedish - Sweden Ukrainian - Ukraine Result Надання Belarusian - Belarus Bulgarian - Bulgaria Croatian - Croatia Czech - Czech Republic Danish - Denmark Dutch - Netherlands English - USA English - United Kingdom Esperanto Estonian - Estonia Finnish - Finland French - France German - Germany Greek - Greece Hungarian - Hungary Icelandic - Iceland Italian - Italy Latin - Vatican Latvian - Latvia Lithuanian - Lithuania Macedonian - Macedonia Norwegian - Norway Polish - Poland Portuguese - Portugal Romanian - Romania Russian - Russia Serbian - Serbia Slovak - Slovakia Slovenian - Slovenia Spanish - Spain Swedish - Sweden Ukrainian - Ukraine
0.999991	You are in: Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs > Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor > Releases > Human Rights > 2001 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices > Near East and North Africa Israel and the occupied territories Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 4, 2002 (The Report on the occupied territories is appended at the end of this Report.) Israel is a parliamentary democracy with a multiparty system and free elections. There is no Constitution; a series of "basic laws" provide for fundamental rights. The legislature, or Knesset, has the power to dissolve the Government and limit the authority of the executive branch. Following Labor Party Prime Minister Ehud Barak's resignation in December 2000, voters elected Likud Party leader Ariel Sharon Prime Minister in a February general election. Sharon took office in March as the head of a broad "unity" government that includes the Labor Party, the largest bloc in the Knesset. The judiciary is independent. Since its founding in 1948, Israel has been in a state of war with most of its Arab neighbors. Throughout its existence, Israel also has experienced numerous terrorist attacks by a number of terrorist organizations that have had as their stated objective the elimination of the Israeli State. With the onset of the "Al-Aqsa Intifada" in September 2000, there was a dramatic escalation in the level of violence directed against Israelis. The number of terrorist incidents, and Israeli casualties due to such attacks, rose sharply during the year compared with the previous year. Israel concluded peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and with Jordan in 1994, and a series of agreements with the Palestinians beginning in 1993. As a result of the 1967 war, Israel occupies the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights (the human rights situation in the occupied territories is discussed in the annex appended to this report). The international community does not recognize Israel's sovereignty over any part of the occupied territories. An historic process of reconciliation between Israel and the Palestinians began with the Madrid Conference in 1991 and continued with the September 1993 signing of the Israeli-Palestinian Declaration of Principles (DOP). In September 1995, Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) signed the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. In January 1997, the parties concluded the Hebron Protocol and in October 1998, Israel and the PLO signed the Wye River Memorandum. In September 1999, the Israeli Government and the PLO signed the Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum. The parties held intensive working-level talks between March and June 2000 and met at Camp David in July of that year; however, the Government and the PLO did not reach an agreement. After the outbreak of the Intifada in the fall of 2000, Israeli and Palestinian authorities made several attempts to reduce the level of violence and return to the negotiating process, including during talks in Taba, Egypt, in January. During the year, both sides attempted to implement recommendations contained in the Tenet Agreement and the Mitchell Report, both of which were designed to reduce the violence and return the parties to negotiations. Internal security is the responsibility of the Israel Security Agency (the ISA--formerly the General Security Service, or GSS, and also known as Shin Bet, or Shabak), which is under the authority of the Prime Minister's office. The police are under the authority of the Minister of Internal Security. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) are under the authority of a civilian Minister of Defense. The IDF includes a significant portion of the adult population on active duty or reserve status and plays a role in maintaining internal security. The Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee in the Knesset reviews the activities of the IDF and the ISA. Members of the security forces committed serious human rights abuses in the occupied territories and regarding Palestinian detainees. The country's population is approximately 6.4 million (including Israeli settlers who live in the occupied territories). Israel has an advanced industrial economy, and citizens enjoy a relatively high standard of living, with a per capita income of more than $17,000. Unemployment averaged approximately 9 percent during the year, but was substantially higher in the country's peripheral regions and among lower-skilled workers. The country's economic growth has been accompanied by an increase in income inequality. The longstanding gap in levels of income within the Jewish population and between Jewish and Arab citizens continues. The 14 towns with the highest unemployment rate in the country all are populated by Arab citizens. The country's heavy reliance on foreign workers, principally from Asia and Eastern Europe, was increasingly controversial during the year. Such workers generally are employed in agriculture and the construction industry and constitute approximately 10 percent of the labor force. The country has moved gradually to reduce state intervention in the economy through privatization of several state-owned companies and through deregulation, although progress in these areas has slowed in recent years. The Government made progress in its effort to privatize the government-owned phone company (Bezeq) during the year. Numerous other enterprises remain government owned. State-owned companies continue to dominate such fields as electricity generation and transmission, oil refining, shipping, and international air travel. However, individuals are free to invest in private interests and to own property. The Government owns and manages 77 percent of the country's land area, and as a matter of policy it does not sell land. The Jewish National Fund (JNF), an organization established in 1897 for the purchase and management of land for the Jewish people, owns 8 percent of the country's land area, including a considerable amount transferred directly from the Government, and manages another 8 percent on behalf of the Government. Foreigners and citizens of all religions are allowed freely to purchase or lease the 7 percent of land not controlled by the Government or the JNF. In March 2000, the High Court of Justice ruled that the Government's use of the JNF to develop public land was discriminatory, since the JNF's statute prohibits the sale or lease of land to non-Jews. The Government generally respects the human rights of its citizens. However, there continued to be problems with respect to its treatment of Arab citizens. Historically, Israel's main human rights problems have arisen from its actions in response to the terrorist threat and its policies and practices in the occupied territories. Hostility from states in the region has exacerbated these problems. The Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas), Hizballah, Islamic Jihad in Palestine, and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PLFP), among others, all committed acts of terrorism in Israel during the year. Nearly 2,000 terror attacks, including suicide bombings, drive-by shootings, mortar and grenade attacks, and stabbings took place during the year in the West Bank, Gaza, and Israel proper. Also during the year, more than 200 Israelis were killed and over 1,500 injured, a sharp increase over the previous year, when 22 Israelis were killed and 244 injured in terrorist incidents. In November 2000, a Legal Commission of Inquiry headed by Justice Theodore Or was established to investigate the demonstrations and riots of October 2000, during which police used excessive force and killed 13 Arab citizens. During the first round of testimony, police officers involved in the events admitted that they were underprepared for dealing with potentially violent demonstrations and that, despite initial denials, the police, including snipers, had used live ammunition against unarmed demonstrators. The Commission's work was expected to continue into 2002. A landmark decision by the High Court of Justice in September 1999 prohibited the use of a variety of other abusive practices, including violent shaking, painful shackling in contorted positions, sleep deprivation for extended periods of time, and prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures; however, during the year, human rights organizations, including B'tselem, Human Rights Watch (HRW), and the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel (PCATI), and the Mandela Institute for Political Prisoners reported that there was an increase in the number of allegations that security forces tortured detainees, including using methods prohibited in the High Court decision. There also were numerous allegations that police officers beat detainees. The Government states that the security forces have complied with the High Court's decision and that the Attorney General's office investigates any allegations of mistreatment. Detention and prison conditions for Palestinian security detainees held in Israel were poor and did not meet international standards regarding the provision of sufficient living space, food, and access to medical care. The Government continued to detain without charge Palestinians, some of them for lengthy periods; the number of such detainees increased following the outbreak of violence in September 2000. During the year, the Government held 62 persons without charge in administrative detention. As of early December, 35 individuals were being held in administrative detention. In April 2000, an Israeli High Court ruling declared illegal the holding of Lebanese detainees in Israeli prisons as "bargaining chips" to extract concessions or the release of Israeli prisoners held in Lebanon; however, at year's end, there were approximately 19 Lebanese prisoners in custody, two of whom--Sheikh al-Karim Obeid and Mustafa Dirani--were held without charge. The Government did not comply with High Court decision mandating that the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) have access to Obeid. One Lebanese prisoner completed his sentence during the year and was released. Following the outbreak of violence in September 2000, and increasingly during the year, the Government detained without charge hundreds of persons in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza. Some security prisoners are sentenced on the basis of coerced confessions, of both themselves and others. According to human rights organizations, the legal system often imposes more severe punishments on Arab citizens than on Jewish citizens, although such discrepancies are not provided by law. The Government interferes with individual privacy in some instances. The Government imposed severe restrictions on the movement of persons and some restrictions on the movement of goods between Israel and the West Bank and Gaza as well as between cities in the West Bank and Gaza. Also known as "closure," this practice has been in effect to varying extents since 1993 (see Section 2.d. of the annex). The Government claims that the closures are necessary to prevent terrorism. A number of NGO's claim that these restrictions often exceed those justified by security concerns, and that they are provocative and incite public reaction. Discrimination and societal violence against women persists, although the Government continued to take steps to address the problems. Discrimination against persons with disabilities persists. The Government made little headway in reducing institutional, legal, and societal discrimination against Israel's Arab citizens, who constitute approximately 20 percent of the population but do not share fully the rights provided to, and obligations imposed on, the country's Jewish citizens. Demonstrations and clashes between the police and Israeli Arabs in October 2000 brought renewed attention to the different treatment accorded to the Jewish and Arab sectors of the country. The Government did not take significant, tangible steps to improve the situation of the country's Arab citizens during the year. In October 2000, the Government approved a $975 million economic assistance plan for Arab citizens to be phased in over 4 years; however, some human rights groups criticized the plan as inadequate. No money for the plan was disbursed during the year. There were a number of instances of societal violence between Jewish and Arab citizens during the year. Trafficking in women for the purpose of forced prostitution is a continuing problem. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life There were no reports of political killings during the year. In October 2000, in violent incidents that coincided with the outbreak of violence in the occupied territories, police used excessive force to disperse demonstrations in the north of the country, killing 13 Arab citizens and injuring 300. There were reports that the police used a combination of live ammunition and rubber-coated steel bullets against the demonstrators and fired tear gas at the Arab citizens. On October 8, 2000, a group of approximately 1,000 Israeli Jews attacked Arab homes in Nazareth. The attackers allegedly targeted Arab citizens due to their anger over the Hizballah kidnaping of three IDF soldiers and the attack on Joseph's Tomb in the West Bank in early October 2000. Police reportedly arrived at the scene late, did not take action beyond inserting themselves between the two groups, and fired live ammunition, rubber bullets, and tear gas at the Arab citizens. Two Israeli Arabs were killed in the incident and approximately 50 others were injured. In November 2000, the Government of Ehud Barak established a legal Commission of Inquiry, chaired by Justice Theodore Or and including an Israeli Arab judge, to investigate the causes of the riots and the police response. By year's end, the Commission had held more than 50 sessions and heard the testimony of more than 330 witnesses. In testimony taken during the year, numerous police officers testified that the police, including snipers, fired live ammunition into crowds of demonstrators, something police officials vehemently had denied in the period after the demonstrations. Doctors testified that rubber-coated steel bullets being fired from too close a range apparently caused several of the 13 deaths. Police witnesses testified that they had not been trained in the proper use of rubber-coated steel bullets and were not aware of regulations requiring that officers be a minimum distance from targets before firing such bullets. Police witnesses also testified that there was confusion regarding the chain of command and that some local commanders had not been informed that snipers had been deployed in the towns. Some local commanders believed the use of snipers was inappropriate. Some police described a few of their colleagues as having engaged in overly aggressive actions. The Commission's activities were expected to continue well into 2002. At the conclusion of the investigation, the Commission may make recommendations, including whether certain individuals should be indicted. During the year, there were no violent demonstrations on the scale of those that occurred in late 2000. During demonstrations in Arab areas in March, May, and October, the police worked closely with local Arab leaders to prevent a recurrence of the events of October 2000 (see Section 2.b.). There was a sharp increase in the number of suicide bombings, shootings, and other acts of terrorism by Palestinian groups or individuals in Israel and the occupied territories, which resulted in the deaths of approximately 208 Israelis (also see Sections 1.a. and 1.c. of the annex). For example, on February 14, a Palestinian driving a bus purposefully rammed into a bus stop south of Tel Aviv, killing eight persons. On March 4, a suicide bomber killed 3 Israelis and injured 60 persons on Herzl Street in Netanya. In June a suicide bomber killed 22 Israelis outside the Dolphinarium discotheque in Tel Aviv. The terrorist group Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack. In August a suicide bomber blew himself up in the Sbarro Restaurant in West Jerusalem, killing 15 persons and injuring 130. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad took responsibility. In October Palestinian gunmen opened fire on a bus stop in Hadera, killing 4 and injuring more than 40 persons. Islamic Jihad took responsibility for the incident. In early December, two suicide bomber killed 11 persons and injured 188 in a pedestrian mall in West Jerusalem. The next day, a bus bomb in Haifa killed 15 and injured 40. Hamas took responsibility for the Haifa and the December Jerusalem pedestrian mall bombings. There were at least 1,970 terror attacks directed against Israelis during the year, including drive by shootings, ambushes, firing of mortars or anti-tank missiles, use of grenades, and stabbings in the West Bank, Gaza, and Israel proper. Attacks by Hizballah in the Sheba Farms/Har Dov in northern Israel area resulted in the death of one Israeli soldier. On February 16, the soldier was killed by a rocket fired by Hizbollah while on IDF patrol in the area. b. Disappearance In October 2000, Hizballah guerrillas kidnaped 3 Israeli soldiers on patrol in the Har Dov area of the Golan Heights, demanding that the Israeli government release all remaining Lebanese detainees in Israeli prisons. Hizballah continued to deny other governments and the ICRC access to the prisoners during the year. In June there were reports that U.N. forces videotaped the area of the kidnaping before and after the event. Families of the kidnaped soldiers believe that U.N. forces may possess other videotapes that could provide information regarding the condition of the victims or the kidnapers' identities. In October the Ministry of Defense announced that it had received information that the three soldiers had been killed during the ambush or had died of injuries sustained during the kidnaping. After consulting with the Ministry of Defense, rabbinical authorities declared the two Israeli soldiers dead and stated that they believed the Muslim soldier also was dead. However, for cultural reasons, the Muslim soldier's family chose not to accept the determination of death unless they received additional proof of the soldier's death or a body. The families of the two Jewish soldiers accepted the determination of death and performed traditional mourning rituals, despite the fact that no bodies have yet been recovered. A fourth hostage, Elhannan Tannenbaum, who was kidnaped in either Europe or Lebanon in October 2000, was believed to be in Hizballah custody at the end of the year. The ICRC attempted to pass medication and messages to Tannenbaum, but was unable to ascertain whether he received the packages. c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Laws and administrative regulations prohibit the physical abuse of detainees; however, during the year, human rights organizations, including B'tselem, Human Rights Watch, Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment (LAW), and the Mandela Institute for Political Prisoners reported that there was an increase in the number of allegations that security forces tortured detainees, including using methods prohibited in the 1999 High Court decision. There also were numerous allegations that police officers beat detainees. The Government states that the security forces have complied with the High Court's decision and that the Attorney General's office investigates any allegations of mistreatment. Although it is not clear that any formal complaints of torture have been filed, human rights groups point out that no GSS agent has been criminally charged with torture or other ill-treatment for the past several years. Human rights groups further complain that the investigators who do field work for the Attorney General's office on such claims are GSS agents. Prior to the High Court's 1999 decision, laws prohibiting the physical abuse of detainees were not enforced. Regulations authorized security officers to use "moderate physical and psychological pressure" (which included violent shaking) while interrogating detainees. These practices often led to excesses. In 1999 the Attorney General issued guidelines that denied blanket immunity from prosecution for interrogators. A Commission of Inquiry continued to conduct throughout the year an investigation into the causes of the October 2000 demonstrations and riots, and the police response. During the year, the Commission held more than 50 sessions in which it heard testimony from more than 330 witnesses (see Section 1.a.). In March a mob of Jewish persons severely beat a Palestinian man in Netanya. The authorities sentenced one Jewish man who was convicted of being part of the mob to 18 months in prison. The mob attacked the victim after a bomb exploded in the area. The victim sustained brain damage and other serious injuries during the incident. During the year, an estimated 1,523 Israelis were injured in terrorist attacks carried out by Palestinian groups or individuals in Israel and the occupied territories (see Sections 1.a. and 1.c. of the annex). Conditions vary in incarceration facilities in Israel and the occupied territories, which are administered by the Israeli Prison Service (IPS), the IDF, or the national police. IPS prisons, which generally house Israeli citizens convicted of common crimes, usually provide inmates with sufficient living space, food, and access to medical care. In general IPS guards do not subject inmates to physical abuse, and prisoners receive basic necessities. Inmates receive mail, have television sets in their cells, and receive regular visits. Prisoners receive wages for prison work and benefits for good behavior. Many IPS prisons have drug treatment, educational, and recreational programs. The IPS established a national police unit to investigate allegations of offenses committed by guards, including complaints about the use of force against inmates. Since the 1995 closure of the main IDF detention camps in the occupied territories, all security detainees from the occupied territories who were held for more than a few days were transferred to facilities within Israel. During the year, security detainees usually were held in the IDF's Megiddo prison, in IPS facilities, and in special sections of police detention facilities. Prisoners incarcerated for security reasons were subject to a different regimen, even in IPS facilities, and conditions for them were poor. According to the Government, security detainees may receive financial assistance from the Palestinian Authority (PA); food, including food required for observing religious holidays, from their families and other persons or organizations; and medical supplies from the ICRC and other aid organizations. Security detainees include some minors. Detention facilities administered by the IDF are limited to male Palestinian detainees. The total number of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel, which was approximately 1,832 at the beginning of the year, reached 2,226 by year's end. The Government stated that it held 35 persons from Gaza and the West Bank, and no Israeli Arabs in administrative detention (without charge or trial) at year's end, and that it had held 62 prisoners, including at least 2 Israeli citizens, in administrative detention at some point during the year (see Section 1.d.). Conditions at the Russian Compound, which is run by police and houses a combination of security and common prisoners and detainees in Jerusalem, were criticized in 1997 as "not fit to serve as lock-up" by High Court of Justice President Aharon Barak. Conditions in other IDF facilities have improved in some respects. For example, inmates are provided more time to exercise outside their cells. During the year, prisoners in the Megiddo facility told diplomatic visitors that conditions there were acceptable. Nevertheless, recreational facilities remained minimal, and there are strict limitations on family visits to detainees. Male family members of Palestinian prisoners who are between 16 and 40 years of age, and any family members with security records, generally are barred from visiting relatives in facilities in Israel. Relatives of Palestinian prisoners also claimed that in some instances they learned that visitation rights have been canceled only when they arrived at the prison after traveling for many hours from the occupied territories. Following the outbreak of violence in late September 2000, the Israeli Government banned all family visits for Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails, although some visitation rights were restored during the year after ICRC interventions (see Section 1.c. of the annex). Since the Intifada began, only Israeli lawyers or Palestinian lawyers with Jerusalem identification cards have been permitted to visit Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails as advocates or monitors. This has reduced significantly the availability and timeliness of legal aid for such prisoners. Conditions at some national police detention facilities are poor. Such facilities are intended to hold criminal detainees prior to trial but often become de facto prisons. Those held include some security detainees and some persons who have been convicted and sentenced. Inmates in the national police detention facilities often are not accorded the same rights as prisoners in the IPS system. Moreover, conditions are worse in the separate facilities for security detainees maintained both in police facilities and in IPS prisons. In 1996 the Government began a reform program for the country's detention facilities. Improvements included the opening of a model detention center near Netanya; however, problems, including dilapidation and overcrowding, persist. The 1997 Arrest and Detention law provided for the right to live in conditions that would not harm the health or dignity of the detainee, access to adequate health care, the right to a bed for each detainee, and access to exercise and fresh air on a daily basis. The Government has made strides towards implementing this legislation, although problems remain. For example, in October Ha'aretz newspaper reported on continuing deficiencies in the care of prisoners with mental illness (see Section 5). Children's rights groups have expressed particular concern over the separate sections of holding facilities set aside for the detention of children. Overcrowding, poor physical conditions, lack of social workers, and denial of visits by parents are among the main problems. In addition to some Israeli minors held in criminal cases, there are juveniles among Palestinian detainees. Children's rights activists had recommended the construction of a separate detention facility for children, and after a prolonged legal battle, separate prison facilities were built for Arab and Jewish children separate from the adult prison population. All incarceration facilities are monitored regularly by various institutions including branches of the Government, members of the Knesset, the ICRC, and human rights groups (see Section 1.d. of the annex). d. Arbitrary Arrest, Detention, or Exile The law prohibits arbitrary arrest; however, in some instances, the Government has not observed this prohibition. Defendants are considered innocent until proven guilty and have the right to writs of habeas corpus and other procedural safeguards. However, a 1979 law permits, subject to judicial review, administrative, or preventive, detention (i.e., without charge or trial), which is used in a small percentage of security cases. In such cases, the Minister of Defense may issue a detention order for a maximum of 1 year, although such orders may be extended. Within 24 hours of issuance, detainees must appear before a district judge who may confirm, shorten, or overturn the order. If the order is confirmed, an automatic review takes place after 3 months. Detainees have the right to be represented by counsel and to appeal detention orders to the High Court of Justice; however, the security forces may delay notification of counsel with the consent of a judge. According to human rights groups and legal experts, there were cases in which a judge denied the Government's request to delay notification of counsel. At detention hearings, the security forces may withhold evidence from defense lawyers on security grounds. The Government also may seek to renew administrative detention orders. However, the security services must "show cause" for continued detention, and, in some instances, individuals were released because the standard could not be met. In felony cases and in ordinary security cases, a district court judge may postpone for 48 hours the notification of arrest to the detainee's attorney. The Minister of Defense may extend the postponement to 7 days on national security grounds or by the police inspector general to conduct an investigation. Moreover, a judge may postpone notification for up to 15 days in national security cases. The 1997 Arrest and Detention Law more narrowly defined the grounds for pretrial detention in criminal and security cases and reduced to 24 hours the length of time a person may be held without charge; however, this law does not extend to administrative detention cases. Human rights groups alleged abuse of detention orders in cases in which the accused did not pose a clear danger to society. Children's rights activists have recommended separate legislation to define when and how a child may be arrested and how long children may be detained. After the October 2000 violent demonstrations, the Government arrested and held numerous Arab citizens of Israel, including some minors, as security prisoners, which enabled the government to hold the prisoners without access to counsel for up to 2 weeks. The Government never charged any of the detainees with security offenses, although many of them were convicted of nonsecurity crimes based on confessions elicited during the periods they were denied access to counsel (see Section 1.e.). There also were credible reports that police made the initial security charges in bad faith, in attempts to elicit confessions of crimes such as stone-throwing, which carries a penalty of up to 20 years in prison. Many of the persons arrested also reportedly were held without bail until the end of criminal proceedings against them. Several detainees appealed their cases to the High Court of Justice; however, the Court upheld their detentions without bail on the basis that calm had not yet been restored in the country. Most were released after a short period. According to Amnesty International, the Government denied at least 10 Arab citizens detained in connection with disturbances in October access to counsel for up to 1 week. In February the Government arrested another Israeli Arab, Kamal Obeid, and briefly held him under administrative detention. In December 2000, for the first time since 1994, the Government placed an Israeli Arab, Jhasan Athamnah, in administrative detention based on secret evidence. In March the High Court refused a petition to release Athamnah. In June the Ministry of Defense declined to renew Athamnah's detention order, and he was released. Some protections afforded to Israelis are not extended to Palestinian detainees, who fall under the jurisdiction of military law even if they are detained in Israel. Following IDF redeployment in the West Bank, detention centers there were closed in 1995. As a result, all Palestinian detainees held for longer than 1 or 2 days are incarcerated in Israel (see Section 1.d. of the annex). At year's end, the Government held approximately 2,200 Palestinians in custody. Those held were a combination of common criminal prisoners (approximately 1,300), administrative detainees, and ordinary security detainees (between 800 and 900). The Government continues to deny the ICRC access to one Lebanese citizen, Mustafa Dirani, a head of security for the Amal militia, who the Government has held without charge since 1994. The Government has held Sheikh Obeid, a Hizballah leader, without charge since 1989. The Government claims that Obeid and Dirani are security threats. In May 1998, the High Court of Justice ruled that the Government was entitled to continue holding both Obeid and Dirani for use in a possible exchange for Israelis who still may have been held by hostile forces. The High Court's ruling emphasized that national security needs took precedence over the detainees' individual rights under Israeli and international law. However, in April 2000, the High Court declared illegal the detention of individuals to be used as "bargaining chips." The Government subsequently released 13 Lebanese prisoners; however, Obeid, Dirani, and approximately 17 other Lebanese prisoners remained in custody at year's end. Obeid and Dirani are administrative detainees, and the 17 other prisoners have been charged and convicted of crimes. One Lebanese detainee completed his sentence during the year and was released. The Government granted the ICRC access to Obeid for the first time in 1999 and allowed the ICRC four additional visits during 2000. However, following the October 2000 kidnaping of IDF soldiers by Hizballah guerrillas (see Section 1.b.), the Government suspended ICRC access to Sheikh Obeid. In September the High Court ruled that the Government must grant the ICRC access to Obeid. However, families of the missing IDF soldiers requested that the Government delay action on the order, and implementation of the court's decision was postponed, and had not occurred by year's end. The law prohibits forced exile of citizens, and the Government generally respects this prohibition in practice. e. Denial of Fair Public Trial The law provides for an independent judiciary, and the Government respects this provision. The September 1999 landmark High Court of Justice decision barring the use of torture (see Section 1.c.) was a major change from the judiciary's previous practice of acquiescence to the government's position in cases, as did the April 2000 ruling prohibiting the holding of detainees for use as "bargaining chips." The judiciary generally provides citizens with a fair and efficient judicial process. However, in practice, according to some human rights organizations, Arab citizens often receive stiffer punishments than Jewish citizens. The judicial system is composed of civil, military, religious, labor relations, and administrative courts, with the High Court of Justice as the ultimate judicial authority. The High Court of Justice is both a court of first instance (in cases involving government action) and an appellate court (when it sits as the Supreme Court). All courts in the judicial system, including the High Court of Justice, have appellate courts or jurisdictions. The law provides for the right to a hearing with representation by counsel, and authorities observe this right in practice. A regional and national system of public defenders operated by the Ministry of Justice employs approximately 700 attorneys through 5 regional offices. Under the system, economically disadvantaged persons who face sentences of 5 years or longer, and all persons who are accused of crimes with sentences of 10 years or longer, receive mandatory legal representation. Judges also have discretionary power to appoint an attorney in all cases. Approximately 70 percent of defendants are represented by counsel. All nonsecurity trials are public except those in which the interests of the parties are deemed best served by privacy. Cases involving national security may be tried in either military or civil courts and may be partly or wholly closed to the public. The prosecution must justify closing the proceedings to the public in such cases, and the Attorney General determines the venue. Adult defendants have the right to be represented by counsel even in closed proceedings but may be denied access to some evidence on security grounds. Under the law, convictions may not be based on any evidence denied to the defense, although it may influence a judge's decision. The 1970 regulations governing military trials allow for evidentiary rules that are the same in criminal cases. Convictions may not be based solely on confessions, although in practice some security prisoners have been sentenced on the basis of the coerced confessions of both themselves and others. The accused may be assisted by counsel, and a judge may assign counsel to those defendants when it is deemed necessary. Charges are made available to the defendant and the public in Hebrew, and the court may order that the charges be translated into Arabic if necessary. Sentencing in military courts is consistent with that in criminal courts. Defendants in military trials have the right to appeal through the Military High Court. Defendants in military trials also may petition to the civilian High Court of Justice (sitting as a court of first instance) in cases in which they believe there are procedural or evidentiary irregularities. According to human rights organizations, the legal system in practice often imposes stiffer punishments on Arab citizens than on Jewish citizens. For example, human rights advocates claim that Israeli Arabs are more likely to be convicted of murder (which carries a mandatory life sentence) than Jewish Israelis. The courts reportedly also are more likely to detain Israeli Arabs until the conclusion of proceedings. For example, in the first month after the October 2000 riots in Arab and Jewish locales, police arrested approximately 1,000 persons, including 660 Arabs and 340 Jews. Of the Arabs arrested, 79 percent reportedly were indicted, compared to 21 percent of the Jews; 72 percent of the Arabs were detained without bond, compared to 11 percent of the Jews. A number of Arabs accused of crimes such as stone-throwing during the year received sentences of more than 3 years. In contrast in October a Jewish man who was convicted of being part of a mob that severely beat a Palestinian man in Netanya in March was sentenced to 18 months in prison (see Section 1.c.). The Government has stated that allegations of systematic discrimination of non-Jews in the courts are unfounded. There were no reports of political prisoners. f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence Privacy of the individual and the home generally are protected by law; however, there also are laws that provide that authorities may interfere with mail and monitor telephone conversations in certain circumstances. In criminal cases, the law permits wiretapping under court order; in security cases, the order must be issued by the Ministry of Defense. Under emergency regulations, authorities may open and destroy mail based on security considerations. Section 2 Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: a. Freedom of Speech and Press The law provides for freedom of the press, and the Government generally respects this right in practice. The law authorizes the Government to censor any material reported from Israel or the occupied territories that it regarded as sensitive on national security grounds; however, authorities rarely apply the law in practice. A censorship agreement between the Government and media representatives applies to all media organizations in the country and provides that military censorship is to be applied only in cases involving national security issues that have a near certainty of harming the country's defense interests. All media organizations may appeal the censor's decision to the High Court of Justice. Moreover, a clause prohibits the military censor from closing a newspaper for censorship violations and from appealing a court judgement against it. News printed or broadcast abroad may be reported without the censor's review, which permits the media to run previously censored stories that have appeared in foreign sources. Emergency regulations prohibit persons from expressing support for illegal organizations. On occasion the Government has prosecuted persons for speaking or writing on behalf of terrorist groups. In August the Attorney General announced that he would file an indictment against Knesset Member Azmi Bisharah for making statements perceived by some as supportive of Hizballah during Bisharah's June visit to Syria (a country still in a state of war with Israel). In November the Knesset voted to lift Bisharah's immunity so that he could face prosecution. During the year, there were reports that the military censor intervened in at least one case related to national defense. For instance, in late March, authorities arrested Retired Brigadier General Yitzhak Ya'acov on charges that he had revealed secret information. The censorship office notified media outlets that a court had issued a gag order on Ya'acov's arrest. However, after a foreign newspaper printed an article on the case in April, Israeli media outlets, including a military radio station, began carrying the story and the court rescinded the gag order. One Palestinian-owned newspaper, Al-Quds, is required to submit its entire contents, including advertising, to the military censor by 4 p.m. each day. The editor claims that this process caused his journalists to practice self-censorship. Journalists and professional journalist groups claimed that the Government placed limitations on their freedom of movement within the occupied territories, between the West Bank and Gaza, and between the occupied territories and Israel during the violent unrest throughout the year. The Government and security forces do not target journalists due to their profession; however, 2 journalists were killed and at least 10 were injured while covering events in the occupied territories during the year (see Section 2.a. of the annex). The Government Press Office, due to security concerns, requires foreign journalists to sign an agreement stating that they will submit certain news stories and photographs for censorship; however, they rarely are challenged for not doing so. Individuals, groups, and the press freely address public issues and criticize government policies and officials without reprisal. Laws prohibit hate speech and incitement to violence. The Government investigated a significantly higher number of Arab Members of the Knesset (MK's) than Jewish MK's under such laws. At least five MK's were under investigation at some point during the year. Adalah has noted that Jewish MK's and political leaders made inflammatory or provocative remarks during the year but were not investigated. Such remarks included some seeming to support the Kach-Kahane Chai terrorist movement and some supporting the transfer of Israeli Arab citizens to other countries. All newspapers are privately owned and managed. Newspaper licenses are valid only for Israel; separate licenses are required to distribute publications in areas in the occupied territories still under the Government's authority. Sixteen daily newspapers are published in the country. There are approximately 90 weekly local newspapers and more than 250 periodical publications. Directed by a government appointee, the quasi-independent Israel Broadcast Authority (IBA) controls television Channel 1 and Kol Israel (Voice of Israel) radio, both major sources of news and information. The privately operated Channel 2, the country's first commercial television station, is operated by 3 franchise companies and supervised by the Second Television and Radio Authority, a public body that also supervises 14 private radio stations. There are five cable television companies that carry both domestic and international networks, and produce shows specifically for the Israeli audience. The Government generally respects academic freedom; however, in December the human rights organization Adalah claimed that the Government interferes with the education of Israeli Arab students because a member of the GSS monitors and approves the appointment of teachers and administrators in Arab schools. Adalah claims that the GSS discriminates against candidates for education positions based on political affiliations (see Section 5). b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association The law provides for the right of assembly, and the Government generally respects this provision in practice. During the year, there were a number of peaceful demonstrations against the division of Jerusalem and for and against peace negotiations with the Palestinians. In March, May, and October, Israeli Arabs demonstrated against the past expropriation of their lands, and in remembrance of the previous year's riots in October 2000, during which police killed 13 Arab citizens and injured hundreds of others. Police officials and Israeli Arab leaders cooperated closely before each of the demonstrations. Police maintained a low profile and in most cases did not approach the demonstrations. The demonstrations passed relatively peacefully, with no injuries during those in March and May. In demonstrations in October, a fight broke out, injuring protesters and a police officer. A Commission of Inquiry continued to conduct an investigation into the causes of the October 2000 demonstrations and riots, and the police response (see Section 1.a.). The law provides for the right of association, and the Government generally respects this provision in practice. c. Freedom of Religion The law provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right; however, it imposes some restrictions. Approximately 80 percent of citizens are counted as Jewish, although some persons in that group are not considered Jewish under Orthodox Jewish law or are merely related by marriage to a Jewish citizen. Muslims, Christians, and Druze make up the remaining 20 percent of the population. The Government recognized 5 religions, including 10 Christian groups. The status of some Christian organizations with representation in the country heretofore has been defined by a collection of ad hoc arrangements with various government agencies. Several of these organizations seek to negotiate with the Government in an attempt to formalize their status. Each recognized religious community has legal authority over its members in matters of marriage and divorce. Secular courts have primacy over questions of inheritance, but parties, by mutual agreement, may bring cases to religious courts. Jewish and Druze families may ask for some family status matters, such as alimony and child custody in divorces, to be adjudicated in civil courts as an alternative to religious courts. Christians only may ask that child custody and child support be adjudicated in civil courts as an alternative to religious courts. Muslims have no recourse to civil courts in family-status matters. Under the Law of Return, the Government grants automatic citizenship and residence rights to Jewish immigrants and their families; the Law of Return does not apply to non-Jews or to persons of Jewish descent who have converted to another faith (see Section 2.d.). Orthodox Jewish religious authorities have exclusive control over Jewish marriages, divorces, and most burials. The State does not recognize marriages or conversions to Judaism performed in the country by non-Orthodox rabbis. In June the Chief Rabbinate issued new regulations stipulating that immigrants who arrived in the country after 1990 must be investigated to confirm that they are Jewish before they can be married in a Jewish ceremony. Many Israeli Jews who wish to marry in secular or non-Orthodox religious ceremonies do so abroad, and the Ministry of Interior recognizes such marriages. However, many Jewish citizens object to such exclusive control, and it has been at times a source of serious controversy in society, particularly in recent years, as thousands of immigrants from the former Soviet Union have not been recognized as Jewish by Orthodox authorities. For example, following the Dolphinarium discotheque bombing in June, which killed 22 Israelis (see Section 1.a.), some religious authorities questioned whether several of the young victims, who were immigrants from the former Soviet Union, qualified for Jewish burial. One of the victims ultimately was buried in a special part of a cemetery reserved for persons whose Jewish identity was "in doubt." Newspapers reported that the decision caused pain to many Russian immigrants. Under the Jewish religious courts' interpretation of personal status law, a Jewish woman may not receive a final writ of divorce without her husband's consent. Consequently, there are thousands of so-called "agunot" in the country who are unable to remarry or have legitimate children because their husbands either have disappeared or refused to grant a divorce. Rabbinical tribunals have the authority to impose sanctions on husbands who refuse to divorce their wives or on wives who refuse to accept a divorce from their husbands. However, in some cases, rabbinical courts have failed to invoke these sanctions. In cases in which a wife refuses to accept a divorce, the rabbinical courts occasionally allow a husband to take a second wife; however, a wife never may take a second husband. Rabbinical courts also may exercise jurisdiction over and issue sanctions against non-Israeli persons present in the country. A group of more than 100 Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform women continued a long legal battle to hold women's prayer services at the Western Wall. In May 2000, the High Court ruled that women could pray aloud and wear prayer shawls at the Western Wall. In November 2000, an expanded High Court reheard the case; a decision remained pending at year's end. Most Orthodox Jews believe that mixed gender prayer services violate the precepts of Judaism, and Jews generally still are unable to hold egalitarian (mixed gender) prayer services at the Western Wall. The Conservative movement is experimenting with conducting services at a different, recently excavated portion of the wall. The North American Reform Movement has rejected such an alternative. Some Islamic law courts have held that Muslim women may not request a divorce, but that women may be forced to consent if a divorce is granted to a man. Members of unrecognized religious groups (particularly evangelical Christians), at times face problems obtaining marriage certificates or burial services. However, informal arrangements provide relief in some cases. A 1999 High Court ruling enabled Reform and Conservative rabbis to hold seats on the powerful municipal and religious councils. In 1998 the High Court ruled that draft exemptions for yeshiva students were illegal; however, it delayed implementation of the ruling several times and gave the Knesset until December 21, 2000, to pass legislation on the matter. On December 20, 2000, an 11-justice panel of the High Court rejected the Government's request for another extension; however, it stated that it would grant the IDF a "reasonable period" of time in which to implement the ruling. The Government had not implemented the ruling by year's end. The Government provides proportionally greater financial support to institutions in the Jewish sector compared with those in the non-Jewish sector, i.e., Muslim, Christian, and Druze. For example, the budget for the Ministry of Religious Affairs for 2000 only allocated 2.9 percent of its resources to the non-Jewish sector, although Muslims, Christians, and Druze constitute approximately 20 percent of the population. In 1998 the High Court of Justice ruled that the Ministry of Religion budget allocation constituted "prima facie discrimination" but that the plaintiff's petition did not provide adequate information about the religious needs of the various communities. The Court refused to intervene in the budgetary process on the grounds that such action would invade the proper sphere of the legislature. However, in 2000 the Court ordered the Government to allocate resources equitably to cemeteries of the Jewish and Arab communities. The Government began implementing to some degree the decision during the year. The Government generally continued to permit Muslim citizens to make the Hajj; however, for security reasons, the Government imposes restrictions on its citizens who perform the Hajj, including requiring that they be over the age of 30 (see Section 2.d.). Missionaries are allowed to proselytize, although the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints voluntarily refrains from doing so under an agreement with the Government. The law prohibits anyone from offering or receiving material benefits as an inducement to conversion; however, there have been no reports of the enforcement of this law. In previous years, Jehovah's Witnesses suffered verbal abuse, assaults, theft, and vandalism; however, no such incidents occurred during the year. There were no prosecutions of the more than 120 cases of harassment filed by members of Jehovah's Witnesses between 1998 and 2000. The Government has recognized only Jewish holy places under the 1967 Protection of Holy Sites Law. The Government states that it also protects the holy sites of other faiths. It also states that is has provided funds for some holy sites of other faiths. Muslim groups claim that the Government has been reluctant to renovate mosques in areas in which there no longer is a Muslim population. In May the High Court sustained a demolition order for a mosque in the unrecognized village of Husseinya, which was built without a permit in 1996. d. Freedom of Movement Within the Country, Foreign Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation The law provides for these rights, and the Government respects them in practice for citizens, except with regard to military or security zones or in instances in which citizens may be confined by administrative order to their neighborhoods or villages. Since the outbreak of violence in September 2000, the Government has imposed some restrictions on the movement of persons between Israel and the West Bank and Gaza, and between cities inside the West Bank and Gaza (also see Section 2.d. of the annex). Citizens are free to travel abroad and to emigrate, provided they have no outstanding military obligations and are not restricted by administrative order. During the year, the Government generally continued to permit Muslim citizens to make the Hajj. However, for security reasons, the Government imposes some restrictions on its Muslim citizens who perform the Hajj (see Section 2.c.). The Government does not allow persons to return if they leave the country without formal permission. The Government justifies these restrictions on the grounds that Saudi Arabia remains officially at war with Israel and that travel to Saudi Arabia therefore is considered subject to security considerations. The Government states that non-Jewish female citizens who marry noncitizen men, including men from the occupied territories, may retain their citizenship. The law includes provisions that allow a male spouse of a non-Jewish citizen to acquire citizenship and enter the country after the spouse passes a 41/2 year, multistage period of adaptation, except in cases in which the man has a criminal record or is suspected of posing a threat to security. A small number of Christian, Muslim, and Druze women who have married men from Arab states or the West Bank and Gaza have made unsubstantiated claims that the Government revoked their Israeli citizenship and their right to reenter Israel, particularly after marrying men who are citizens of countries technically at war with Israel. During the year, the Ministry of Interior informed a Jewish citizen that the Government considered him to have "converted to another faith" because he was married in a church wedding in the U.S. In October the High Court ruled that the man was still Jewish and that his wife had the right to immigrate to the country. Journalists claimed that the Government placed limits on their freedom of movement within the occupied territories, between the West Bank and Gaza, and between Israel and the occupied territories, during the violent unrest throughout the year (see Section 2.a.). The Government welcomes Jewish immigrants, their Jewish or non-Jewish family members, and Jewish refugees, on whom it confers automatic citizenship and residence rights under the Law of Return. Beginning in February, children of female converts to Judaism are eligible to immigrate only if the children were born after the woman's conversion. The Law of Return does not apply to non-Jews or to persons of Jewish descent who have converted to another faith. Other than the Law of Return and the family reunification statutes, there is no immigration law that provides for immigration to the country, or for political asylum or refugee status. The law does allow individuals to live in the country as permanent residents. The Government cooperates with the office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in assisting refugees. The Government does not provide asylum to refugees from states with which the country remains in a state of war. Individuals present in the country on tourist or work visas, or illegally, sometimes file petitions with the UNHCR to obtain refugee status. If a person is granted such status by the UNHCR, it is the government policy to grant renewable temporary visas, provided that the person is not from a state with which the country is at war. In those cases, the Government attempts to find a third country in which the individuals can live. The Government provides refugees all the protections under refugee conventions, although in some instances individual ministries have not complied in an expeditious manner. The issue of first asylum did not arise during the year. There was one unconfirmed allegation that the Government returned persons to a country where they feared persecution. Section 3 Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens To Change Their Government The law provides citizens with the right to change their government peacefully, and citizens exercise this right in practice through periodic, free, and fair elections held on the basis of universal suffrage for adult citizens. The last national elections were held on February 6, when Ariel Sharon was elected Prime Minister and the governing coalition changed party affiliation. The country is a parliamentary democracy with an active multiparty system in which a wide range of political views is represented. Relatively small parties, including those whose primary support is among Israeli Arabs, regularly win seats in the Knesset. Elections are by secret ballot. There are no legal impediments to the participation of women and minorities in government; however, the percentage of women in government and politics does not correspond to their percentage of the population. Women hold 15 of 120 Knesset seats, compared with 9 female members in the previous Knesset. Of the Knesset's 19 committees, 4 (including the Committee on the Status of Women) are chaired by women. At year's end, there were 3 women in the Cabinet and 1 Druze minister; 4 women serve on the 14-member High Court of Justice. There are 11 Arabs and 2 Druze in the Knesset; most represent parties that derive their support largely or entirely from the Arab community. No Arab or Druze citizens, serve on the 14-member High Court of Justice. Section 4 Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights A wide variety of local and international human rights groups operate without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases. Government officials generally cooperate with investigations. Section 5 Discrimination Based on Race, Sex, Religion, Disability, Language, or Social Status The law prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex or marital status. The law also prohibits discrimination by both government and nongovernmental entities on the basis of race, religion, political beliefs, and age. Local human rights groups are concerned that these laws often are not enforced, either as a result of institutionalized discrimination, or because resources for implementing those laws, or mechanisms for their enforcement, sometimes are lacking. Women The law prohibits domestic violence; however, violence against women is a problem, despite the steps taken by the Government and other organizations to reduce violence against women in Jewish and Arab communities. Twenty-one women were killed by their husbands or other male relatives during the year. According to one prominent women's group, between 150,000 and 200,000 women and girls are victims of domestic violence each year; an estimated 7 percent of them are abused on a regular basis. According to women's organizations, approximately 2,800 women and girls were assaulted sexually and approximately 1,200 were victims of incest during the year; an estimated 44 percent of them were girls under the age of 18. Only a small percentage of the victims complained to the police. According to the Domestic Violence Law, a district or magistrate court may prohibit access by violent family members to their property. Government funding to combat such violence increased significantly in 1998 but has remained level since. In 1998 the Government appointed a commission to address the subject of domestic violence; on the basis of the commission's recommendations, the Government allotted a supplementary budget allocation to combat domestic violence during this year. Funds went to fund crisis center projects, victim support programs, and education programs. Groups that focus on domestic violence include a committee established by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs that includes Jewish and Arab NGO's as well as government representatives, and a coalition of human rights organizations; however, women's rights activists reported that most of the groups are funded privately. The Government provides partial funding for 12 shelters for battered women, including 1 exclusively for Arab women and 1 for ultra-Orthodox Jewish women. Women's rights advocates consider this number inadequate. The Government also provides funding for 13 rape crisis centers. There are approximately 10 hot lines and 25 domestic violence prevention and treatment centers, which mainly are funded privately. Rape is illegal. While sentences handed down to men convicted of rape have increased in recent years, some women's rights activists argue that the penalties are not sufficiently severe. In June the Knesset amended the law to simplify the definition of rape as a crime. The Knesset also amended laws in order to facilitate the delivery of welfare benefits to women staying in shelters. The amendment also prohibited any employer from dismissing an employee during that person's first 6 months of residence in a shelter. Arab human rights advocates also have formed a coalition to raise public awareness of so-called honor crimes, a violent assault with intent to commit murder against a woman or girls by a relative for her perceived immodest behavior or alleged sexual misconduct. At least 10 of the 11 Arab women killed during the year by male relatives were killed in family "honor" cases; families often attempted to cover up the cause of such deaths. NGO's and press accounts reported that the Government investigated and tried the perpetrators of so-called honor crimes. Unlike in previous years, there were no reports that Jewish religious extremists attacked physically women whom they considered to be dressed immodestly in public. Prostitution per se is not illegal; however, the operation of brothels and organized sex enterprises is outlawed. Prostitution is a problem. NGO's report that an unknown number, possibly between 100 and 200, of the nation's prostitutes are under the age of 18. Trafficking in women has become a significant problem in recent years. According to recent studies, every year hundreds of women from the former Soviet Union are trafficked to Israel by well-organized criminal networks to work as prostitutes (see Section 6.f.). In 1998 Israel adopted a comprehensive sexual harassment prevention law; since that time, several prominent cases have increased public awareness of the issue. For example, in July 2000, the Government lifted the immunity of then-Transportation Minister Yitzhak Mordecai following complaints that he had sexually harassed three women. Mordecai was convicted in January on two of the three counts and given a suspended sentence of 18 months. Women's advocacy groups report that women routinely receive lower wages for comparable work, are promoted less often, and have fewer career opportunities than their male counterparts. Despite 1996 legislation that provides for class action suits and requires employers to provide equal pay for equal work, including important side benefits and allowances, women's rights advocates claim that deep gaps remained. For example, the wage gap between men and women for year-round, full-time employment was approximately 30 percent, and only 2 percent of women serve in positions of senior management in large companies. According to recent reports, 52 percent of doctoral students were women, but women made up 24 percent of the senior faculty members at universities and 10 percent of full professors. Legislation in 1993, reinforced by a 1994 ruling of the High Court of Justice, led to an increase in the percentage of women on the boards of government-owned companies. Women occupied 39 percent of director slots, up from 28.8 percent in 1997. The adjudication of personal status law in the areas of marriage and divorce is left to religious courts, in which Jewish and Muslim women are subject to restrictive interpretations of their rights. Under personal status law, Jewish women are not allowed to initiate divorce proceedings without their husbands' consent; consequently there are estimated to be thousands of so-called "agunot" who may not remarry or have legitimate children because their husbands either have disappeared or have refused to grant a divorce (see Section 2.c.). In accordance with Orthodox Jewish law, the 1995 Rabbinical Courts Law allows rabbinical tribunals to impose sanctions on husbands who refuse to divorce wives who have ample grounds for divorce, such as abuse. However, in some cases, rabbinical courts have failed to invoke these sanctions. In addition there have been cases in which a wife has failed to agree to a divorce, but rabbinical authorities have allowed the man to "take a second wife;" this remedy is not available to wives. Such restrictive practices have been used by husbands to extort concessions from their wives in return for agreeing to a divorce. Rabbinical courts also may exercise jurisdiction over and issue sanctions against non-Israeli Jews present in Israel Some Islamic law courts in the country have held that Muslim women may not request a divorce, but that women may be forced to consent if a divorce is granted to a man. Jewish women are subject to the military draft. While they cannot be "placed" in combat positions, they are free to volunteer for such units. In January 2000, the Knesset amended the Defense Service Law to state that women have the same right as men to serve in every profession in the Israeli military. In response to a High Court of Justice ruling, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) since 1996 has permitted women to enter pilot training. There are several female Air Force navigators. Women serve as flight surgeons and flight paramedics; there are no female flight mechanics. In March 2000, the Knesset passed the Equality of Women Law, which provides for equal rights for women in the workplace, the military, education, health, housing, and social welfare, and entitles women to protection from violence, sexual harassment, sexual exploitation, and trafficking (see Section 6.f.). Women's groups cooperate with legal and social service institutions to provide women's rights education. Children The Government has stated its commitment to the rights and welfare of children; however, in practice resources at times are insufficient, particularly with respect to low-income families. Government spending was proportionally lower in predominantly Arab areas than in Jewish areas, which adversely affects children in Arab villages and cities. Education is compulsory up to the age of 15, or until the child reaches the 10th grade, whichever comes first. Government ministries, children's rights groups, and members of the legislature often cooperate on children's rights issues. The Government provides an extensive health care program for children. There is a broad network of mother and child clinics, which provide prenatal care as well as postnatal follow-up. Arab children make up approximately one-quarter of the public school population, but historically government resources allocated for them were proportionately less than for Jewish children. Current expenditures do not make up for the historic inequities in government investments in educational infrastructure. Many schools in Arab communities are dilapidated and overcrowded, lack special education services and counselors, have poor libraries, and have no sports facilities. The Government allocated 26 percent of the school budget for the year for the construction of new classrooms for schools in Arab Communities (not including Druze communities). High school graduation rates for Arabs are significantly lower than for Jews. According to 1998 statistics, 58 percent of the teachers in Jewish schools had university degrees compared with 39 percent of the teachers in Arab schools. Preschool attendance for Bedouin children is the lowest in the country, and the dropout rate for Bedouin high school students is the highest. Arab groups note that the public school curriculum stresses Israel's Jewish culture and heritage. Israeli Arab students also are not eligible to participate in a special education program to provide academic assistance to students from disadvantaged backgrounds. A petition was filed with the High Court of Justice in May 1997 charging that the Ministry of Education's refusal to provide this program to Israeli Arab students was discriminatory. The Attorney General's office agreed that the policy constituted impermissible discrimination but asked for 5 years to expand the program to Israeli Arab students. The petitioners rejected this proposal as being too slow. The court held hearings in the case twice in 1999; during the hearings, the Government promised to equalize special education resources by 2004. In July 2000, the Commission to Examine the Implementation of the Special Education Law (the Margalit Commission) published its detailed recommendations on how to improve special education in the Arab sector. The Government still had not implemented those recommendations by year's end, and the budget for 2002 did not contain provisions to equalize spending on Arab and Jewish special education. In December Human Rights Watch (HRW) released a report regarding discrimination against Israeli Arab children's access to education. HRW reported that Arab schools are segregated from Jewish schools, that the Education Ministry allocates less money per Israeli Arab student than per Jewish student, and that Arab children overall receive an inferior education to that of Jewish children. HRW also noted that the education system provides less training to teachers in Arab schools, that those teachers earn less money, and that their qualifications are not as high as teachers in Jewish schools. In December Adalah requested that the Government discontinue GSS monitoring and approval of teachers and administrators in Arab schools, and claimed that in its role at the Ministry of Education, the GSS has discriminated against persons on the basis of their political affiliation (see Section 2.a.). There has been concern regarding the thousands of children of the country's growing population of foreign workers, many of whom reside in the country illegally. Children born in the country of legal foreign workers are entitled to health and education benefits until the age of 18. Children of parents who are in the country illegally live in social limbo, occasionally without access to education. The Government has legislated against sexual, physical, and psychological abuse of children and has mandated comprehensive reporting requirements regarding these problems. Although there has been a sharp increase in reported cases of child abuse in recent years, activists believe that this largely is due to increased awareness of the issue rather than a growing pattern of abuse. There are five shelters for children at risk of abuse. NGO's in the field of children's welfare concentrate their efforts on public education, on promoting the concept of children's rights as citizens, on improving legal representation for minors, and on combating the problems of poverty, which are most notable for the Bedouin children of the south. Privately funded children's rights information centers have been established in some communities, and the Government assists in funding additional centers in other cities. Persons with Disabilities The Government provides a range of benefits, including income maintenance, housing subsidies, and transportation support for persons with disabilities, who constitute approximately 10 percent of the population. Existing antidiscrimination laws do not prohibit discrimination based on disability, and persons with disabilities continue to encounter difficulties in areas such as employment and housing. A law requiring access for persons with disabilities to public buildings is not widely enforced. There is no law providing for access to public transportation for persons with disabilities. A 1996 law extended disability assistance for deaf children from the age of 14 to maturity. Extended protests by organizations for persons with disabilities in 1999 led to an increase in government spending in support of persons with disabilities. In 2000 the Government implemented a law seeking to rehabilitate and integrate persons with mental disabilities into the community; however, government discrimination against persons with mental disabilities remained a problem. According to the Ministry of Health, there are between 60,000 and 80,000 persons with mental disabilities in the country; however, only 4 percent of the Ministry of Health's $5 billion (20 billion NIS) budget is allocated for mental health services. Additionally, 80 percent of the mental health budget is allocated to psychiatric hospitals in which less than 6,000 persons with mental disabilities reside; the remaining tens of thousands of persons with mental disabilities live on their own with little or no government support to help them integrate into the community. In October Ha'aretz newspaper reported on the insufficient mental health services, vocational training, and recreational opportunities provided by the Government for prisoners with mental illness. Religious Minorities Unlike in previous years, there were no reports that evangelical Christians, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Reform and Conservative Jews complained of incidents of harassment, threats, and vandalism directed against their building, and other facilities, many of which were committed by two ultraorthodox groups, Yad L'Achim and Lev L'Achim. In civic areas where religion is a determining criterion, such as the religious courts and centers of education, non-Jewish institutions routinely receive less state support than their Jewish counterparts. National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities The Government has not allocated sufficient resources or taken adequate measures to provide Israeli Arabs, who constitute approximately 20 percent of the population, with the same quality of education, housing, and social services, as well as the same opportunities for government employment, as Jews. In addition government spending is proportionally far lower in predominantly Arab areas than in Jewish areas; on a per capita basis, the Government spends two-thirds as much for Arabs as for Jews. Municipalities, including Arab municipalities, are responsible for issuing building permits within the municipal boundaries. Some Arab NGO's claim that outside of Arab-governed municipalities, the Government is more restrictive in issuing building permits to Arabs than to Jews. Bedouin living in unrecognized villages have no way to obtain building permits; the Government demolished at least two homes in unrecognized villages during the year. Many ministers publicly acknowledged the continuing disparities in government funding for the country's non-Jewish citizens. Following the demonstrations and disturbances in September and October 2000, the Government approved a $975 million (4 billion NIS) economic assistance plan for the country's Arab citizens to be phased in over 4 years. Most of the money included in the plan is allocated for education and new infrastructure development. Israeli Arab leaders and human rights groups criticized the plan because it was not based on a comprehensive survey of the economic and development needs of the country's Arab population and was considered inadequate to meet that population's needs. Critics also pointed out that only half of the total sum represented newly allocated money. The Government had not implemented the plan by year's end. The Government reports that, according to its own statistics, it made some progress in addressing discriminatory allocation of resources. For example, the budget allocated a higher portion for development, public transportation, education, and sanitation for Israeli Arab communities than in 2000. The Government appointed an Arab citizen to the board of the Israel Land Authority in November 1999. This marked the first representation of non-Jews on the board, which by law has 18-24 members. Half of the members represented organizations forbidden by statute to transfer land to non-Jews. During the year, the High Court of Justice ruled that the Government must appoint an additional Arab to the board. In March 2000, the High Court ruled on an October 1995 petition brought by an Arab couple who were barred from buying a home in Katzir, a Jewish municipality that was built on state-owned land. The High Court ruled that the Government's use of the Jewish National Fund to develop public land was discriminatory, since the fund's by-laws prohibit the sale or lease of land to non-Jews. The High Court determined that its ruling in the case would not affect previous land allocations and that differentiating between Jews and non-Jews in land allocation might be acceptable under unspecified "special circumstances." The municipality was instructed to develop and publish criteria for its decisions and a plan for implementation. Israel Lands Authority had not fully implemented the ruling by year's end. Israeli Arab organizations have challenged publicly the 1996 "Master Plan for the Northern Areas of Israel," which listed as priority goals increasing the Galilee's Jewish population and blocking the territorial contiguity of Arab villages and towns, on the grounds that it discriminates against Arab citizens; the Government continued to use this document for planning in the Galilee. Relative to their numbers, Israeli Arabs are underrepresented in the student bodies and faculties of most universities and in higher level professional and business ranks. In 1999 Arabs constituted 8.7 percent of the students at major universities in the country. Well-educated Arabs often are unable to find jobs commensurate with their level of education. Arab citizens hold fewer than 60 of the country's 5,000 university faculty positions. The Government states that it is committed to granting equal and fair conditions to Israeli Arabs, particularly in the areas of education, housing, and employment. A small number of Israeli Arabs have risen to responsible positions in the civil service, generally in the Arab departments of government ministries. In 1994 a civil service commission began a 3-year affirmative action program to expand that number, but it has achieved only modest results. In 2000 only the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Religious Affairs had representation of more that 5 percent of Arabs in their workforce. The Ministry of Housing, Transportation, Industry, and Medial all had representation of less than 1 percent of Arabs in their workforce. Arab composition in the remaining nine ministries was approximately 5 percent. In October 2000, the Knesset passed a bill requiring that minorities and underrepresented populations be granted "appropriate representation" in the civil service, and on the boards of government corporations. The Government took steps toward implement the law during the year, including setting aside civil service positions for Arab candidates and appointing more Israeli Arabs to corporate boards. In practice few Israeli Arabs serve in the military or work in companies with defense contracts or in security-related fields. The Israeli Druze and Circassian communities are subject to the military draft and the overwhelming majority accepts service willingly. Some Bedouin and other Arab citizens who are not subject to the draft serve voluntarily. Those who do not serve in the army have less access than other citizens to those social and economic benefits for which military service is a prerequisite or an advantage, such as housing, new-household subsidies, and government or security-related industrial employment. The social security child allowance for parents who did not serve in the military and did not attend a yeshiva (including Arabs) is to equal the allowance of those who had done so. Israeli Arab groups allege that many employers use the prerequisite of military service to avoid hiring non-Jews. For example, a September 1999 survey revealed that 40 percent of employment ads in one weekend newspaper listed "army service necessary." Jobs included ice cream sales, typist, bus driver, and customer service. In August the municipality of Tel Aviv advertised for parking lot attendants; "military service" was a prerequisite. There are approximately 130,000 Bedouin in the Negev; of this number approximately half live in 7 state planned communities and the other half live in 45 settlements that are not recognized by the Government. The recognized Bedouin villages receive basic services from the Government; however, they are among the poorest communities in the country. The unrecognized villages were declared illegal by the National Planning and Building Law of 1965 when the lands on which they sit were rezoned as nonresidential and the Government claimed ownership. According to the Government, recognizing these villages would conflict with its attempts to establish new villages in "an orderly manner, and would leave disputes over the land unresolved." Residents of the unrecognized villages pay taxes to the Government; however, their villages are not eligible for government services. Consequently, such villages have limited access to infrastructure, such as electricity, water, and sewers, provided to recognized communities. The lack of basic services has caused difficulties for the villagers in regard to their education, health care, and employment opportunities. New building in the unrecognized villages is considered illegal and subject to demolition. Private efforts have supplied some unrecognized villages with water, and the courts have ordered the provision of limited health and education services. The Government has yet to fulfill its commitment to resolve the legal status of unrecognized Arab villages. Eight villages have been recognized officially since 1994, but nearly 100 more, of varying size and with a total population of nearly 70,000 persons, remain in limbo. In 1998 the High Court of Justice ordered the Ministry of Education to provide electricity to schools in several unrecognized villages in the Negev. In March 1999, the High Court ordered the Ministry of Health to provide within 2 months six permanent health clinics to serve the unrecognized villages; only one clinic had been built by year's end. The Government notes that following the High Court case, it agreed to begin a study to determine the infrastructure needed in each village, and that the implementation of plans made by a professional team of researchers will be discussed with villagers. A planning committee is required to submit a report regarding the progress of these plans to the Court in October 2002. No projects related to the planning committee had begun by year's end. Unresolved problems of many years' standing also include claims by Arab groups that land expropriation for public use has affected the Arab community disproportionately; that Arabs have been allowed too little input in planning decisions that affect their schools and municipalities; that mosques and cemeteries belonging to the Islamic Waqf (religious endowment) have been neglected or expropriated unjustly for public use; and that successive governments have blocked the return to their homes of citizens displaced in the early years of the country's history. The Government has yet to agree with the pre-1948 residents of the northern villages of Bir Am and Ikrit, and their descendants, regarding their long-term demand to be allowed to rebuild their houses. In 1997 a special interministerial panel recommended that the Government allow the villagers to return to Bir Am and Ikrit. The High Court has granted the Government several extensions for implementing the recommendation. In October after the expiration of the most recent extension, under instructions from the Sharon government, the State Prosecutor's Office submitted an affidavit to the High Court asking it to reject the villagers' appeal, stating that the Government had legally appropriated the land and that the precedent of returning displaced persons to their villages would be used for propaganda and political purposes by the Palestinian Authority. The Court's decision was pending at year's end. There were a number of incidents of ethnically based violence during the year. After the bombing at the Dolphinarium discotheque in June (see Section 1.a.), a crowd of several hundred Jews attempted to attack a mosque across the street from the site of the bombing. The police contained the crowd and safely evacuated the occupants of the mosque. In March in Netanya, a mob attempted to lynch a Palestinian man after a terrorist bomb exploded nearby (see Section 1.c.). The man suffered severe brain damage. In August in a shopping mall in Haifa, a man threw a Druze baby against a wall after he heard the child's parents speaking Arabic. Unlike in previous years, there were no reports of societal discrimination against Ethiopian immigrants. Section 6 Worker Rights a. The Right of Association Citizen workers may join and establish labor organizations freely. Most unions belong to Histadrut (the General Federation of Labor in Israel), or to a much smaller rival federation, the Histadrut Haovdim Haleumit (National Federation of Labor). These organizations are independent of the Government. Histadrut members democratically elect national and local officers, and officials of its affiliated women's organization Na'amat, from political party lists of those already in the union. Plant or enterprise committee members are elected individually. Approximately 650,000 workers are members of Histadrut, and much of the non-Histadrut work force is covered by Histadrut's collective bargaining agreements. The right to strike is exercised regularly. Unions must provide 15 days' notice prior to a strike unless otherwise specified in the collective bargaining agreement. However, unauthorized strikes occur. Strike leaders--even those organizing illegal strikes--are protected by law. If essential public services are affected, the Government may appeal to labor courts for back-to-work orders while the parties continue negotiations. There were a number of strikes in both the public and private sectors during the year by employees protesting the effects of privatization. Worker dismissals and the terms of severance arrangements often were the central issues of dispute. Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza Strip who worked in Israel were not able to join Israeli trade unions or organize their own unions in Israel. Palestinian trade unions in the occupied territories are not permitted to conduct activities in Israel (see Section 6.a. of the annex). However, nonresident workers in the organized sector are entitled to the protection of Histadrut work contracts and grievance procedures. They may join, vote for, and be elected to shop-level workers' committees if their numbers in individual establishments exceed a minimum threshold. Palestinian participation in such committees is minimal. Labor laws apply to Palestinians in East Jerusalem and to the Syrian Druze living on the Golan Heights. Unions are free to affiliate with international organizations. b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively Citizen workers fully exercise their legal rights to organize and bargain collectively. While there is no law specifically prohibiting antiunion discrimination, the law against discrimination could be cited to contest discrimination based on union membership. No antiunion discrimination has been reported. Nonresident workers may not organize their own unions or engage in collective bargaining, but they are entitled to be represented by the bargaining agent and protected by collective bargaining agreements. They do not pay union dues, but are required to pay a 1 percent agency fee in lieu of dues, which entitles them to union protection by Histadrut's collective bargaining agreements. The Ministry of Labor may extend collective bargaining agreements to nonunionized workplaces in the same industrial sector. The Ministry of Labor also oversees personal contracts in the unorganized sectors of the economy. There are no export processing zones. c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor The law prohibits forced or compulsory labor, specifically including forced and bonded labor by children, and neither citizens nor nonresident Palestinians working in Israel generally are subject to this practice; however, civil rights groups charge that unscrupulous employers often take advantage of illegal workers' lack of status to hold them in conditions amounting to involuntary servitude (see Section 6.e.). Women are trafficked for the purpose of prostitution (see Section 6.f.) d. Status of Child Labor Practices and Minimum Age for Employment Children who have attained the age of 15 years, and who fall under the compulsory education law (which applies to all children except those who have completed grade 10), may not be employed unless they work as apprentices under the Apprenticeship Law. Children who are 14 years old may be employed during official school holidays. Employment of those 16 to 18 years of age is restricted to ensure time for rest and education; and the Government enforces these restrictions in practice. There are no reliable data regarding illegal child workers. The small number of child workers reportedly is concentrated among the country's Arab population and its most recent Jewish immigrants. Illegal employment is found primarily in urban, light-industrial areas. Children's rights groups have called for more vigorous enforcement of child labor laws, combined with a parallel effort to deal with the causes of illegal child labor. The Government specifically prohibits forced and bonded labor by children, and it generally does not occur (see Section 6.c.). Activists estimate that there may be several hundred prostitutes among the nation's children (see Section 5). e. Acceptable Conditions of Work During the year, the minimum wage was raised to 47.5 percent of the average wage. The minimum wage is calculated periodically and adjusted for cost of living increases. At year's end, the minimum wage was approximately $760 (3,266 NIS) per month. The minimum wage often is supplemented by special allowances and generally is sufficient to provide a worker and family with a decent standard of living. Union officials have expressed concern over enforcement of minimum wage regulations, particularly with respect to employers of illegal nonresident workers, who sometimes pay less than the minimum wage. By law the maximum hours of work at regular pay are 47 hours a week, 8 hours per day, and 7 hours on the day before the weekly rest, which must be at least 36 consecutive hours and include the Sabbath. By national collective agreements, the private sector established a maximum 45-hour workweek in 1988. The public sector moved to a 5-day, 42-plus hour workweek in 1989, while the military adopted it in 1993. Employers must receive a government permit to hire nonresident workers from the occupied territories, certifying that no citizen is available for the job. All Palestinians from the occupied territories are employed on a daily basis and, unless they are employed on shift work, are not authorized to spend the night in Israel. Palestinians without valid work permits are subject to arrest. Due to security concerns, the Government stopped issuing almost all permits for Palestinian workers following the outbreak of violence in October 2000. Nonresident workers are paid through the employment service of the Ministry of Labor, which disburses wages and benefits collected from employers. The Ministry deducts a 1 percent union fee and the workers' required contributions to the National Insurance Institute (NII), the agency that administers the Israeli social security system, unemployment benefits, and other benefits. Despite these deductions, Palestinian workers are not eligible for all NII benefits. They continue to be insured for injuries suffered while working in the country, maternity leave, as well as the bankruptcy of a worker's employer. However, they do not have access to unemployment insurance, general disability payments, or low-income supplements. Since 1993 the Government has agreed to transfer the NII fees collected from Palestinian workers to the Palestinian Authority, which is to assume responsibility for all the pensions and social benefits of Palestinians working in Israel. Mechanisms for providing these services in the PA controlled territories, as well as mechanisms for transferring the funds, have not been established. The funds currently are held in a trust. Following the outbreak of violence in September 2000, the Government implemented a closure policy, which prevented thousands of Palestinians from getting to their places of employment in Israel (see Section 2.d.). Along with union representatives, the Labor Inspection Service enforces labor, health, and safety standards in the workplace, although resource constraints affect overall enforcement. Legislation protects the employment rights of safety delegates elected or appointed by the workers. In cooperation with management, these delegates are responsible for safety and health in the workplace. Workers do not have the legal right to remove themselves from dangerous work situations without jeopardy to continued employment. However, collective bargaining agreements provide some workers with recourse through the work site labor committee. Any worker may challenge unsafe work practices through government oversight and legal agencies. Public debate continued regarding the role in the workplace and society of (non-Palestinian) foreign workers, who are estimated to number at least 300,000 and about half of whom are undocumented and employed illegally. The majority of such workers come from Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia, and work in the construction and agricultural sectors. The law does not allow foreign workers the ability to obtain citizenship or permanent residence status, unless they happen to be Jewish, in which case they would qualify under the laws which allow for Jewish persons to immigrate. As a result, foreign workers, and their families, especially those who enter the country illegally, experience uncertainty in addressing legal and social problems, including exploitation or abuse in the workplace. Illegal foreign workers facing deportation are brought before a special court established to deal with issues related to deportation, and workers may contest the deportations. Many workers lack fluency in Hebrew, and this is a hindrance in these courts. NGO's exist to aid workers facing deportations, and there have been cases in which the worker's status has been reinstated. The court also provides a forum where deportable workers can claim that they were not paid or given benefits according to the law. In some cases, the court has delayed deportation until all claims, including severance, have been paid. However, some NGO's suggest that illegal workers often live in situations amounting to involuntary servitude, due primarily to their tenuous legal status. Human rights groups claim that since foreign worker residency permits are tied to specific employment, even legal foreign workers have little leverage to influence their work conditions. f. Trafficking in Persons The law prohibits trafficking in women for the purpose of prostitution; however, it is a continuing problem. During the year, the Government reported that it increasingly pursued legal action against traffickers. Women are trafficked to Israel from the former Soviet Union, including Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Lithuania; Turkey; South Africa; Brazil; the Dominican Republic; and some countries in Asia. According to Amnesty International (AI), every year hundreds of women from the former Soviet Union are brought to Israel by well-organized criminal networks and forced, often through violence and threats, to work illegally as prostitutes. According to some local NGO's, approximately 500 women are trafficked into the country annually. NGO's have reported that the number of trafficked women entering the country has fallen from previous years, partially due to increased security at border points. Traffickers reportedly often lure women into traveling to the country by offering them jobs in the service industry. In many cases, traffickers meet women at the border and confiscate all of their official documents. Many trafficked women are forced to live and work under extremely harsh conditions and to give most of the money that they earn to their traffickers. The women reportedly often are raped and beaten, and often are afraid to report their situation to the police because they are in the country illegally. According to press reports, brothels are common despite being illegal. Some victims have accused individual police officers of complicity with brothel owners and traffickers. In June 2000, the Government enacted a law that prohibits the trafficking of persons for the purpose of prostitution. The law does not prohibit specifically prostitution; however, the operation of brothels and "organized sex enterprises" is outlawed, as are many of the abuses committed by traffickers and pimps, such as assault, rape, abduction, and false imprisonment. The Penal Code stipulates that it is a criminal offense, punishable by between 5 and 7 years' imprisonment, to force or coerce a person to engage in prostitution. The Penal Code also makes it a criminal offense to induce a woman to leave the country with the intent to "practice prostitution abroad." In March 2000, the Knesset passed the Equality of Women Law (see Section 5), which stipulates that every woman is entitled to protection from violence, sexual harassment, sexual exploitation, and trafficking. During the year, the Government opened 405 files for trafficking and related crimes; most files dealt with multiple victims and suspects--40 of the files specifically included trafficking as a charge. A total of 213 persons were detained for trafficking related crimes during the year and an additional 981 interrogated; 60 persons were arrested and 39 detained until the beginning of legal proceedings. The Government convicted 12 persons and delivered sentences. In nine cases, the Government settled by plea bargaining with the defendants. Police often detain trafficked women following raids on brothels; the number of such raids increased during the year. The Ministry of Interior has broad powers to deport illegal aliens and to hold them in detention pending deportation. The Ministry may issue deportation orders against any person who is in the country without a residence permit and may hold the deportee in detention following the issuance of a deportation order. The deportee may appeal the deportation order to the Ministry within 3 days of its issuance. According to the Ministry of Public Security, by July the Government had deported 300 prostitutes, not all of whom were victims of trafficking, who had been living illegally in the country. The Government has provided training to immigration officials at Ben Gurion Airport on how to detect women being trafficked into the country. Authorities generally keep trafficked women who are arrested in a special section of a women's prison and then deport them. Since 1997 police have arrested and deported approximately 1,200 women who were trafficked into the country for prostitution. Trafficked women often do not challenge a deportation order because they do not speak the language, or are unaware of the appeals procedure. The Government transfers women who testify against their traffickers to a hotel or hostel and provides them with funds on which to live. However, AI has reported that the Government also has detained some trafficked women for extended periods of time by issuing orders requiring them to remain in the country to testify in criminal proceedings against their traffickers. Many women are reluctant or afraid to testify in trials due to threats and intimidation by their traffickers. During the year, the courts began to allow victims to submit testimony on video in order to expedite their return home. According to AI, women refuse to testify in court in approximately 90 percent of all the cases that are prosecuted. NGO reports and witness testimony has indicated that the Government does not attempt to determine whether or not a trafficked woman or girl would be at risk of abuse if she were deported to her country of origin, even in cases in which the woman or girl has testified in criminal proceedings. The Government provides limited funding to NGO's for assistance to victims. According to the Government, it finalized a plan to make a shelter available for trafficked women; however, it had not opened the shelter by year's end. The Government also reported that it began to provide legal representation to some trafficked women. The Government has acknowledged the need to educate trafficked women regarding where to go for help and was developing such programs, but had not finalized any plans for or begun such education programs by year's end. The occupied territories (Including Areas Subject to the Jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority) Israel occupied the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, and East Jerusalem during the 1967 War. The West Bank and Gaza Strip now are administered to varying extents by Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA). Pursuant to the May 1994 Gaza-Jericho Agreement and the September 1995 Interim Agreement, Israel transferred most responsibilities for civil government in the Gaza Strip and parts of the West Bank to the PA while retaining responsibility for external security; foreign relations; the overall security of Israelis, including public order in the Israeli settlements; and certain other matters (this annex on the occupied territories should be read in conjunction with the report on Israel). The historic process of reconciliation between Israel and the Palestinians, which began with the Madrid Conference in 1991 and continued with the September 1993 signing of the Israeli-Palestinian Declaration of Principles (DOP) and subsequent agreements, has been impeded significantly by the ongoing conflict between Palestinians and Israelis, known as the "al-Aqsa Intifada," or merely the Intifada. Violence associated with the conflict has claimed approximately 1,000 Palestinian lives. The Intifada started in late September 2000. Its causes are complex and remain highly controversial between the parties. During the initial stage of the Intifada, Palestinian demonstrators threw stones and Molotov cocktails at Israeli security forces. The security forces responded using rubber-coated metal bullets and live ammunition to disperse the demonstrators, resulting in injuries and deaths. Demonstrations and clashes continued daily though the end of 2000 and throughout the year. The nature of the violence changed during this year, leading to increased armed attacks and terrorism by Palestinians against Israeli targets. In addition to violent demonstrations, Palestinians attacked Israelis, including settlers, other civilians, and soldiers, on a daily basis in the occupied territories and Israel proper, including by suicide bombings, using other types of bombs, shooting at Israeli vehicles and military installations, firing of anti-tank missiles and mortars, and use of hand grenades. IDF retaliation against Palestinians included violence and abuse at checkpoints, incursions into Palestinian-controlled towns and villages, targeted killings, firing toward civilian areas, and intense gun battles with Palestinian shooters. In October 2000, pursuant to an international conference held in Sharm el-Sheikh, a fact-finding committee headed by former U.S. Senate leader George Mitchell was established to examine the causes of the violent events that began in late September 2000 and to recommend ways to prevent their recurrence. The committee began its work in December 2000. The report of the Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee was published on April 30, and both Israel and the PA agreed in principle to implement its recommendations, along with the Tenet Plan, which outlines specific steps that both the Israeli Government and the PA should take to maintain a cease-fire, restore security, and resume political negotiation. None of the provisions of the Report or the Plan had been implemented by year's end. During 2000 and early in the year, the parties held intensive talks concerning final status issues, including water rights, refugees, settlers, the status of Jerusalem, and border and security issues, most notably in July 2000 and in Taba in January; however, they did not reach an agreement by year's end. Despite meetings between high level Israeli and Palestinian political and security officials, and repeated declarations of cease-fires by both sides, efforts to end the violence yielded few results by year's end. Israel and the PA have varying degrees of control and jurisdiction over the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Israel continues to control certain civil functions and is responsible for all security in portions of the occupied territories categorized as Area C. In the West Bank, this constitutes more than 61 percent of the land, and approximately 4 percent of the total West Bank Palestinian population, including the Israeli settlements. In Gaza more than 12 percent of the land is designated as Area C equivalent, and includes the Israeli settlements. In areas designated as Area B, the PA has jurisdiction over civil affairs and shares security responsibilities with Israel. Approximately 21 percent of West Bank land is Area B, and approximately 41 percent of the West Bank Palestinian population resides there. The Area B equivalent in Gaza constitutes almost 19 percent of the land. The PA has control over civil affairs and security in Area A; however, contrary to the terms of the Interim Agreement, Israeli forces entered cities and villages in Area A for periods of a few hours up to several weeks during the year. The West Bank Area A constitutes nearly 18 percent of the land, and includes roughly 55 percent of the West Bank Palestinian population. The Gaza Area A equivalent constitutes approximately 69 percent of the land. The PA also has jurisdiction over some civil affairs in Area C, as specified in the Interim Agreement. Israel continues to exercise civil authority in parts of the West Bank and Gaza through the Israeli Ministry of Defense's Office of Coordination and Liaison, known by the Hebrew acronym MATAK. The approximately 175,000 Israeli settlers living in Area C of the West Bank and in the Gaza Strip are subject to Israeli law and, as citizens, receive preferential treatment from Israeli authorities in terms of protection of personal and property rights and of legal redress. The body of law governing Palestinians in the occupied territories derives from Ottoman, British Mandate, Jordanian, and Egyptian law, and Israeli military orders. Certain laws and regulations promulgated by the PA also are in force. The international community considers Israel's authority in the occupied territories to be subject to the Hague Regulations of 1907 and the 1949 Geneva Convention relating to the Protection of Civilians in Time of War. The Israeli Government considers the Hague Regulations applicable and maintains that it largely observes the Geneva Convention's humanitarian provisions. In January 1996, Palestinians chose their first popularly elected Government in democratic elections that generally were free and fair; the 88-member Palestinian Council (PC) and the Chairman of the Executive Authority were elected. The PA also has a cabinet of 30 ministers. Chairman Yasir Arafat continues to dominate the affairs of government and to make major decisions. Most senior government positions in the PA are held by individuals who are members of, or loyal to, Arafat's Fatah faction of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). Prior to the Intifada, the Council met regularly to discuss issues significant to the Palestinian people; however, it did not have significant influence on policy or the behavior of the executive. On December 2, Arafat invoked a state of emergency that granted him broad powers to make arrests, prohibit demonstrations, and take action against organizations that the PA suspects are affiliated with terrorist groups. In the West Bank, pre-1967 Jordanian law and PA laws apply. In recent years, the PA had stated that it was undertaking efforts to unify the Gaza and West Bank legal codes; however, it has made little progress. The PA courts are perceived as inefficient, and the PA executive and security services frequently ignore or fail to carry out court decisions. Israeli security forces in the West Bank and Gaza Strip consist of the IDF; the Israel Security Agency (the ISA-formerly the General Security Service, or GSS, and also known as Shin Bet, or Shabak); the Israeli National Police (INP); and the paramilitary border police. Israeli military courts try Palestinians accused of committing security crimes in Israeli-controlled areas. Members of the Israeli security forces committed numerous, serious human rights abuses throughout the year. The Palestinian Police Force (PPF) was established in May 1994 and includes the Palestinian Public Security Force; the Palestinian Civil Police; the Preventive Security Force (PSF); the General Intelligence Service, or Mukhabarat; the Palestinian Presidential Security Force; and the Palestinian Coastal Police. Other quasi-military security organizations, such as the military intelligence organization, also exercise de facto law enforcement powers. Palestinian police are responsible for security and law enforcement for Palestinians and other non-Israelis in PA-controlled areas of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israeli settlers in the occupied territories are not subject to PA security force jurisdiction. Members of the PA security forces committed numerous, serious human rights abuses throughout the year. The occupied territories are composed of the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem. The population of the Gaza Strip is approximately 1,140,000. The population of the West Bank (excluding East Jerusalem) is approximately 2,191,300. The population of East Jerusalem is approximately 390,000. The economy of the West Bank and Gaza Strip is small, poorly developed, and highly dependent on Israel, and it has been impacted severely by the Israeli security measures imposed in response to the Intifada. The economy relies primarily on agriculture, services, and, to a lesser extent, light manufacturing. Before the beginning of the Intifada, approximately 125,000 West Bank and Gazan workers, representing roughly 20 percent of the Palestinian work force, were employed at day jobs in Israel, Israeli settlements, and Jerusalem. Israeli-imposed closures, or increased restrictions, on Palestinian cities and towns have impeded Palestinians from reaching jobs or markets and disrupted internal and external trade. In addition the IDF and settlers have destroyed sections of Palestinian-owned agricultural land and economic infrastructure. The Government of Israel stated that some of these actions, such as the destruction of groves alongside roadways by the IDF, were necessary for security reasons. Some human rights groups stated that these actions often exceeded what was required for security. The adjusted unemployment rate was roughly 38 percent throughout the year. The poverty rate in the PA was 33 percent at the end of 2000 and was estimated at 50 percent by the end of the year. Since the signing of the Israeli-Palestinian DOP in 1993, Israel has required Palestinians to obtain Israeli permits for themselves and their vehicles to cross from the West Bank or Gaza into Israel and Jerusalem. In times of tension, Israel further restricts the movement of persons and products into Israel and Jerusalem from the West Bank and Gaza. Citing security concerns, Israel has applied partial "external closure," or enhanced restrictions, on the movement of persons and products, often for lengthy periods, since 1993. During periods of violent protest in the West Bank or Gaza, or when it believes that there is an increased likelihood of such unrest or of terrorist attacks in Israel, Israel imposes a tightened, comprehensive version of external closure, generally referred to as total external closure. Total external closures also are instituted regularly during major Israeli holidays. During such closures, Israel cancels all travel permits and prevents Palestinians--even those with valid work permits--from entering Israel or Jerusalem. The Israeli Government also bans travel on the safe passage route between the West Bank and Gaza at such times. Due to the ongoing unrest in the occupied territories, Israel imposed 210 days of total external closure during the year and 155 days of partial external closure, compared with 88 days of closure in 2000 and 15 days in 1999. The safe passage route was not open at all during the year, despite the fact that its existence is stipulated in the 1995 Interim Agreement, signed by both parties. In periods of unrest in the West Bank and Gaza or heightened terrorist activity in Israel, the Israeli Government also prohibits most travel between cities, towns, and villages within the West Bank--an "internal closure"--impeding the movement of goods and persons. During the year, Israel expanded its use of internal closure further in response to the sustained violence of the Intifada. The internal closures may be severe--prohibiting Palestinians from using primary roads and closing off many secondary roads with physical barricades--or limited, allowing access to Palestinians on most secondary roads, but only some main roads, with roadblocks and checkpoints dispersed along those roads that are open. The Government of Israel imposed approximately 87 days of limited internal closure and 278 days of severe internal closure in the West Bank during the year, compared with 81 days of internal closure in 2000 and no days in 1999. Prior to the current Intifada, the Government of Israel rarely imposed internal closure within Gaza. However, during the year, the Israeli Government imposed roughly 361 days of limited internal closure and 4 days of severe internal closure in Gaza. Israeli forces further restricted freedom of movement of Palestinians by imposing curfews, often for extended periods, on specific Palestinian towns or neighborhoods. These curfews do not apply to Israeli settlers in the same areas. Israel's overall human rights record in the occupied territories was poor, continuing a deterioration that began in late 2000, after the beginning of the sustained violence of the Intifada. Israeli security forces committed numerous, serious human rights abuses during the year. Security forces killed at least 501 Palestinians and 1 foreign national and injured 6,300 Palestinians and other persons during the year, including innocent bystanders. Israeli security forces targeted and killed at least 33 Palestinians whom the Israeli authorities suspected had in the past attacked or were planning to attack Israeli settlements, civilians, or military targets. On August 27, Israeli forces also killed the secretary general of the political wing of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), which some claimed expanded the scope of such operations to include political figures. Palestinian and Israeli human rights groups stated that four of those killed were not directly involved in terrorist activities. At least 18 other persons, including 4 children, killed by Israeli forces during such operations were bystanders, relatives, or associates of those targeted. In contravention of their own rules of engagement, which provide that live fire is to be used only when the lives of soldiers, police, or civilians are in imminent danger, Israeli security units often used excessive force against Palestinian demonstrators including live fire. IDF forces also shelled PA institutions and Palestinian civilian areas in response to Palestinian attacks on Israeli targets. Israeli security forces killed 93 Palestinians and injured 1,500 in these attacks. The IDF killed another 68 Palestinians during Israeli incursions into Palestinian-controlled territory (Area A). Israeli security forces frequently impeded the provision of medical assistance to Palestinian civilians by their strict enforcement of internal closures, which reportedly contributed to at least 32 deaths. Israeli security forces harassed and abused Palestinian pedestrians and drivers who were attempting to pass through the more than 130 Israeli-controlled checkpoints in the occupied territories. During the year, human rights organizations, including B'tselem, Human Rights Watch, the Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment (LAW), and the Mandela Institute for Political Prisoners reported that there was an increase in the number of allegations that Israeli security forces tortured detainees, including using methods prohibited in a 1999 High Court decision; there also were numerous allegations that police officers beat detainees. The Government states that the security forces have complied with the High Court's decision and that the Attorney General's office investigates any allegations of mistreatment. Two Palestinian prisoners died in Israeli custody under ambiguous circumstances during the year. Prison conditions were poor. Prolonged detention, limits on due process, and infringements on privacy rights remained problems. The IDF destroyed numerous orchards, olive and date groves, and irrigation systems on Palestinian-controlled agricultural land, and demolished the homes of Palestinians suspected of terrorism, without judicial review. Israeli authorities censored Palestinian publications in East Jerusalem. Some journalists who were covering the clashes were injured and killed by IDF fire. The Israeli authorities placed limits on freedom of assembly, and severely restricted freedom of movement for Palestinians. Israeli security forces failed to prevent, and in some cases protected, some Israelis who entered Palestinian-controlled areas in the West Bank and injured and killed several Palestinians. The PA's overall human rights record continued to be poor; its performance improved in a few areas, but worsened in several others during the year. Unlike in the previous year, there were no documented instances of on-duty Palestinian security forces killing Israeli security force members in the occupied territories during the year. Some off-duty members of Palestinian security services and Fatah faction reportedly participated with civilians and militant groups in violent attacks against Israeli settlers, other civilians, and soldiers. At year's end, there was no conclusive evidence that the most senior PLO or PA leadership gave prior approval for these acts. On a number of occasions, Arafat called on Palestinians not to fire from Area A and ordered a complete cease-fire. However, Arafat did not take sufficient sustained action to end the violence. PA security forces arrested some of those implicated in the violence, but many quickly were released or not kept under credible conditions of arrest. At least five Palestinians in the custody of PA security services died under ambiguous circumstances. PA prison conditions were very poor. PA security forces arbitrarily arrested and detained persons, and prolonged detention was a problem. There were credible reports of abuse and torture of prisoners held by the PA during the year. Lack of due process also was a problem. PA courts are perceived as inefficient, lacking in staff and resources, and failing to ensure fair and expeditious trials. The imposition by Israel of internal closure in the occupied territories during the year prevented courts from holding sessions or issuing rulings during most of the year. The PA executive and security services frequently ignored or failed to enforce court decisions. Lack of due process also is a serious problem in the PA's state security courts. PA security forces infringed on citizens' rights to privacy and restricted freedom of speech and of the press. The PA continued to harass, detain, and abuse journalists. PA harassment contributed to the practice of self-censorship by many Palestinian commentators, reporters, and critics. The PA placed some limits on freedom of assembly and association. Violence against women and "honor crimes" persisted. Societal discrimination against women and persons with disabilities was a problem. Child labor was a problem. Israeli civilians, especially settlers, harassed, attacked, and occasionally killed Palestinians in the occupied territories. There were credible reports that settlers killed at least 14 Palestinians during the year. Three Jewish extremist groups, believed to be associated with settlers, claimed responsibility for the killing of five other Palestinians, including an infant, in three separate attacks. Although Israeli officials criticized the acts and promised to take action and detained one suspect, they made no other arrests in any of these cases by year's end. Settlers also caused significant economic damage to Palestinians by attacking and damaging greenhouses and agricultural equipment, uprooting olive trees, and damaging other valuable crops. The settlers did not act under government directive in the attacks; however, they were at times accompanied by Israeli soldiers whose standing orders are to protect, not arrest or restrain, Israeli civilians in the occupied territories. The Israeli Government generally did not prosecute the settlers for their acts of violence. In general settlers rarely serve prison sentences if convicted of a crime against a Palestinian. Palestinian civilians were responsible for the deaths of the 87 Israelis killed in the occupied territories. Palestinian-instigated violence in the initial months of the Intifada was characterized by violent demonstrations; shootings; incidents in which Palestinians usually threw stones and Molotov cocktails at IDF checkpoints; random shootings at Israeli settlements and IDF positions; and limited armed attacks on Israeli settlers, soldiers, and civilians. During the year, violence directed at Israeli civilians and settlers became more lethal as Palestinians targeted Israelis in drive-by shootings and ambushes, suicide and other bombings, mortar attacks, and armed attacks on settlements and military bases. Palestinians acting individually, or in unorganized or small groups, including some members of Palestinian security services, killed at least 36 Israelis, including 17 settlers, as well as 10 members of the Israeli security forces in the occupied territories during the year. Off-duty members of PA security forces and members of Chairman Arafat's Fatah faction participated in some of these attacks. A number of extremist Palestinian groups, including the militant Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS), the Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ), the PFLP, the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), and Fatah-affiliated groups such as the al-Aqsa Brigades, the Thabet Thabet Group, and the Brigades of Return, killed 51 Israelis and 4 foreigners and injured numerous others in the occupied territories during the year. The PA had made few arrests in these killings by year's end. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life The number of deaths due to political violence associated with the Intifada remained extremely high in the occupied territories during the year. Israeli security forces killed at least 501 persons in the West Bank and Gaza. Israeli civilians, mostly settlers, as well as extremist groups believed to be associated with settlers, killed at least 19 Palestinians. Palestinian militants and civilians killed an estimated 87 Israelis. Palestinian civilians killed at least 22 Palestinians suspected of being collaboration with the Israeli Government. Additionally, more than 7,300 persons were injured during the year, including more than 6,600 Palestinians and nearly 700 Israelis (see Sections 1.c. and 1.g.). Israeli security forces killed at least 501 Palestinians--of whom at least 103 were members of PA security forces--and 1 foreign national during the year. Most of the Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces were killed during violent demonstrations, armed clashes, targeted killings, incursions into Palestinian-controlled areas, at checkpoints, or as a result of sometimes excessive or indiscriminate fire toward Palestinian civilian areas. During the incidents, Palestinian protestors frequently threw stones and Molotov cocktails, and in some cases, also fired weapons at IDF soldiers (see Sections 1.c. and 1.d.). In response Israeli security forces used a variety of means to disperse demonstrators, including tear gas, rubber-coated metal bullets, and live ammunition. In many instances, Israeli security forces used excessive force against demonstrators, at times resulting in deaths, in contravention of their official rules of engagement (see Section 1.g.). For example, on July 7, Khalil al-Mughrabi, an 11-year-old child, was killed in Gaza. According to B'tselem, al-Mughrabi was killed when an Israeli tank used live ammunition to fire warning shots during a demonstration in which the IDF states that demonstrators threw fragmentation grenades and stones at IDF soldiers. B'tselem stated that al-Mughrabi and two other boys who were hit were a distance from the demonstration and had not participated. On November 22, five schoolboys in Gaza on their way to class were killed by the explosion of an ordnance that they found and apparently touched. The IDF had planted the mine in an effort to kill Palestinian gunmen who had been shooting at Israelis at night from the area. The IDF conducted an internal investigation, and senior staff reprimanded the officers who had laid the mine, stating that they should not have placed the mine there because they should have known that school children used the area. There was no other reported disciplinary action against the officers. The IDF targeted for killing at least 33 Palestinians during the year. The Israeli Government explicitly or implicitly acknowledged its role in the targeting and killing of at least 22 Palestinians, and also acknowledged its role in killing another 5 persons who were not targets while attempting to kill 3 militants. In January a senior public official in the Israeli Government, speaking off-the-record to Israeli journalists, stated that the IDF deliberately had targeted 10 Palestinians since the beginning of the Intifada. According to the IDF, the targeted persons were militants whom the IDF believed recently had attacked or had been planning future attacks against Israeli civilians, settlements, or military targets. The IDF stated that it targeted persons only with the authorization of senior political leaders. The Government of Israel stated that such actions were exceptional self-defense measures taken only against those engaged in hostilities against Israeli citizens, and were justified by its obligation to protect its citizens against terrorism and consistent with its right to self defense. In the death of at least seven other Palestinian militants, Israeli officials either declined to take responsibility for the action or actively denied Israel's involvement. During the course of the year, Israeli Prime Minister Sharon stated publicly that there would be targeted killings that the Israeli Government would deny publicly. In several cases in which Israeli officials denied that the killings were targeted, officials acknowledged that the persons killed had been wanted by the Israeli Government for past or planned attacks on Israelis, and the circumstances of the attacks led to suspicion that Israeli authorities were responsible for the killings. PA officials, Palestinian political leaders, and Palestinian and Israeli human rights organizations stated that four of the Palestinians targeted and killed during the year were political activists who were not involved in violent attacks. IDF forces killed 18 Palestinian bystanders, relatives, or associates of those targeted, and injured a number of others during the operations (see Section 1.c.); however, the Government of Israel has stated that it makes every effort to avoid collateral injuries or deaths and has aborted operations against known terrorists when it became clear that they might endanger innocent civilians. In most cases, the only death or serious injury was the person targeted, although in some cases there were unintended victims. For example, on July 17, IDF helicopters fired several rockets into the one-room house of an alleged Hamas member in Bethlehem, killing four Palestinians and injuring eight others, including several women. Israeli officials said that the operation targeted a Hamas terror cell that was planning an imminent bombing in Jerusalem. Neighbors of the family and Palestinian and Israeli human rights groups stated that the four men were not active in Hamas. One of those killed, Ishaq Sa'adeh, was a well-known peace activist and history teacher at a Christian school in Bethlehem. On July 31, Israeli helicopters fired several rockets into the second floor of a six-story building in Nablus, killing two Hamas senior officials-Jamal Mansour and Jamal Salim-and six other Palestinians, including two children who were standing outside the building. Israeli officials maintained that the operation targeted Hamas military operatives. The Hamas office was a media center, and two of those killed were journalists (see Section 2.a.). On December 10, Israeli helicopters fired several rockets into the market in al-Sahel in Hebron, apparently targeting the car of PIJ member Mohamad al-Sider. Al-Sider was injured slightly. At least one of the rockets missed its target and hit the car behind it, killing two Palestinian children, Burhan Yaoun (3 years old) and Ahmad Arafat (13 years old). At least seven other civilian bystanders were injured. The IDF released a statement that acknowledged that the operation was intended to kill al-Sider, and expressed regret at the death of the children. Israeli security force personnel killed a number of Palestinians in ambiguous circumstances that appeared to involve the excessive use of force in responding to what they stated were violent, or potentially violent situations at checkpoints (see Section 1.g.). The IDF generally did not investigate the actions of security force members who killed and injured Palestinians under such circumstances, leading to a climate of impunity. The IDF stated that it did not investigate such incidents because of technical problems; because Israel does not have full control over the occupied territories; and because the PA reportedly would not cooperate in investigations in Areas B and C. However, in certain high-profile cases, the IDF agreed to investigate. For example, on October 18, as IDF tanks and armored personnel carriers entered Area A in Jenin, an 11-year-old girl, Rihmah Abu Wardeh, was killed by IDF tank fire near the Ibrhimyeen school compound. Seven other school children were injured. Some eyewitness accounts indicate that Riham was injured critically while in the classroom, but others indicate that she was in the school compound when shrapnel from tank fire struck her. Riham died before her arrival at the Jenin hospital. The IDF conducted an internal investigation concerning the Jenin incursion. The officer in charge of the area was found to have exceeded his authority during the entry into, and firing upon the area. The IDF sentenced him to 28 days in military prison, and removed him from further command positions. However, the charges against him did not mention specifically the death of the girl or the injuries at the school. Frequently, and often following shooting attacks, many of which were nonlethal, in the direction of Israeli settlements and military positions, the IDF retaliated against Palestinian towns and cities in the West Bank and Gaza. Israeli forces fired tank shells, heavy machine-gun rounds, and rockets from helicopters and F-16s at targets in residential and business neighborhoods located near the sites from which the Palestinian gunfire was believed to have originated. Such Israeli actions during the year killed at least 93 Palestinians, most of whom were noncombatants, injured at least 1,500 persons, and caused significant damage to buildings, schools, and hospitals or other medical facilities. Two doctors, a nurse, and an ambulance driver were among those killed (see Section 1.g.). In addition at least 68 Palestinians were killed in more than 50 temporary Israeli incursions into Palestinian-controlled (Area A) cities and towns. Such incursions usually were conducted as retaliation for Palestinian suicide bombings or shooting attacks that had killed Israeli civilians, settlers, or soldiers, or to make arrests. The occupation of these areas varied in length from a few hours to more than 6 weeks. As part of such actions, the IDF usually leveled either a major PA building, or, especially in Gaza, a series of buildings, including homes. The Israeli Government stated that such actions were intended to widen a security strip area adjacent to Israeli-controlled territory. At least three of the PA buildings that the IDF destroyed during such incursions were facilities housing Special Forces Units of the Palestinian national police. According to Israeli and Palestinian human rights organizations, Israeli security forces at checkpoints impeded the provision of medical assistance to sick and injured Palestinians, reportedly contributing to the deaths of at least 32 Palestinians. The Israeli Government states that soldiers have been ordered to refrain from harming ambulances and other medical vehicles (see Section 1.g.). At least two Palestinian prisoners died in Israeli custody during the year (see Section 1.c.). Palestinian security forces killed at least 11 Palestinians in Gaza in October and December during violent demonstrations initiated by members of Hamas and during PA operations aimed at arresting Hamas members. In contrast to 2000, during the year, there were no documented instances of Palestinian security forces killing Israeli security force members during violent clashes with Israeli soldiers. During an Israeli incursion into the Palestinian-controlled city of Ramallah (Area A) in September, local residents, reportedly including members of Fatah and members of the PA security services, killed an Israeli soldier when they fired at Israeli security forces that had entered their neighborhood. For example, on December 21, violent clashes broke out between PA security forces and residents of Jabalia refugee camp in Gaza. Security forces fired live ammunition into the crowds, injuring approximately 50 persons and killing 5 Palestinian civilians. The clashes began following the funeral for 17-year-old Mahmoud Abdel Rahman El-Muqayed, who had been killed the previous night during an attempted arrest by the PA on an operation cell of Hamas members. A few hundred demonstrators, some armed members of Hamas and PIJ, attacked a nearby police station in Jabalia during the clashes, which lasted for several hours. The PA security forces brought in between 400 and 500 reinforcement officers and deployed several armed personnel carriers. At its peak, the crowd of Palestinians, including armed, masked militants, reached almost 10,000. Members of Palestinian security services and Arafat's Fatah faction are widely believed to have participated in violent attacks against Israeli settlers, civilians, and soldiers; at year's end, the extent to which senior PA or PLO officials authorized such incidents was not clear. In addition, despite several orders issued by Chairman Arafat to Palestinians not to fire on Israelis from Area A, armed Palestinians, some of them members of Palestinian security forces and Fatah, fired at Israelis from within or close to the homes of Palestinian civilians or in other locations in which civilians were present, increasing the potential for the noncombatants to be wounded as a result of the Israeli response. Since June 1, Arafat also issued several total cease-fire orders, none of which were effective. There were no reports that Palestinian security forces impeded the provision of medical assistance to injured Israelis in the occupied territories during the year, in contrast to two such allegations in 2000; however, the Israeli Government stated that there were instances in which Israeli ambulances were attacked by Palestinian civilians. Although there were near daily attacks by Palestinian gunmen on Israeli civilians on the West Bank and Gaza during the year, there were several instances in which PA security officials took into protective custody, and returned safely to Israeli authorities, Israeli civilians who had violated Israeli regulations by entering Palestinian-controlled areas of the West Bank. For example, on September 16, senior PA adviser and Minister of Local Government Saeb Erekat personally escorted an Israeli settler from Vered Yericho settlement to the District Coordination Office (Israeli-Palestinian security liaison office). The settler had lost his way and entered Area A in Jericho that evening. At least five Palestinians died in PA custody during the year. On February 27, 37-year-old Salim al-Aqra' died in Nablus while in the custody of the PA's military intelligence service. Al-Aqra' was detained on suspicion of collaboration with Israel approximately 1 month before his death. According to press reports and statements by his family members, al-Aqra's body bore signs of beatings and bruises. The PA released no autopsy on his death. The PA did not indicate if an investigation would take place or if officers involved in the case had been identified or held responsible for the alleged abuses. On August 15, Sulieman Abu Amra, a 38-year-old Palestinian from Deir al-Balah, died while in the custody of the PA's General Intelligence Services in Gaza. Arafat ordered a board of inquiry to look into his death, but no findings had been released by year's end. Palestinian human rights activists stated that signs of torture were evident on the body. On September 9, the PSF killed Gazan Khaled Okeh, age 35. The PSF reported that he was killed when he attempted to escape while being moved from one prison to another in anticipation of an IDF retaliatory attack on PA facilities, including the first prison. On October 8, PA authorities found 32-year-old Bizra Hisham dead in his cell in Junaid Prison in Nablus. West Bank PSF had arrested Hishan on charges that he had collaborated with Israel. PA security officials asserted that he had committed suicide. On October 21, 41-year-old Eladdin Wahbah died while in custody of the General Intelligence Service in Khan Younis, in Gaza. Wahba, who worked at an UNRWA school, had been detained 3 days earlier on suspicion of collaborating with Israel. The PA informed Wahbah's family that he had committed suicide by hanging himself in his cell with a blanket. The family insisted on an autopsy, which was performed in the presence of a team of physicians, including two whom did not work for the PA. The team reportedly concurred with the initial PA assessment of suicide. At least 128 Israelis and Palestinians and 5 foreigners in the occupied territories died in politically related violence perpetrated by civilians and extremist groups during the year. Israeli settlers, acting individually or in small, at times unstructured, groups harassed, attacked, and occasionally killed Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (see Section 1.c.). There were credible reports that settlers killed at least 14 and injured several more Palestinians during the year, usually by shooting them, stoning their vehicles (causing fatal accidents), or hitting them with moving vehicles. The settlers at times were accompanied by IDF troops. IDF soldiers have standing orders to protect, not restrain or arrest, Israeli settlers in the occupied territories. The Israeli Government did not generally prosecute the settlers for their acts of violence (see Section 1.g.). In general settlers rarely serve prison sentences if convicted of a crime against Palestinians. For example, on January 21, the Jerusalem District Court sentenced Nahum Korman, former security coordinator for the Gush Etzion settlement, to 6 months of community service and 15 months of probation for the 1996 murder of 12-year-old Palestinian Hilmi Shusha. The court also ordered Korman to pay $16,000 (NIS 70,000) to Shusha's family. The Israeli human rights organization B'tselem stated that the court's decision in effect signaled to the settlers that they could attack violently, and even kill, Palestinians without suffering severe penalties. In a similar case, in February the Israeli High Court released settler Yoram Skolnick from prison. Skolnick was convicted of the 1993 shooting and killing of a bound, blindfolded Palestinian who allegedly had attacked a settler with a knife. Although a judge originally sentenced Skolnick to life in prison, he served less than 8 years for the crime. At least three Jewish extremist groups, believed to be associated with settlers, claimed responsibility for the deaths of five Palestinians, including an infant, in drive-by shooting attacks. Palestinian civilians harassed, attacked, and killed Israelis, especially settlers. During the year, Palestinians, acting as individuals or in unorganized or small groups, reportedly including some members of PA security services, killed 26 Israeli settlers and civilians and 10 Israeli soldiers, and injured hundreds of others in the occupied territories (see Section 1.c.). The Palestinian attacks consisted primarily of shooting attacks and stone-throwing at Israeli drivers. For example, on April 21, Palestinians beat to death Stanislav Sandomirski near Ramallah. Sandomirski's body was found in the back of his car by Palestinian villagers. A number of extremist Palestinian groups, including the militant HAMAS, PIJ, the PFLP, DLFP, and Fatah-affiliated groups such as the al-Aqsa Brigades, Thabet Thabet Group, and the Brigades of Return, continued to kill and injure Israelis. The PA made few arrests in these killings by year's end, and many of those arrested were released a short time later or held under conditions not commensurate with normal conditions of arrest. Such extremist groups claimed responsibility for the killings of 40 Israeli settlers and civilians, 11 Israeli soldiers, and 4 foreigners in the occupied territories in various attacks and bombings. In one case, two teenage boys from Teqoa settlement were found dead on the morning of May 9 outside Bethlehem. The boys had missed school the previous day to go hiking but did not return home. Evidence indicated that the boys had been beaten brutally and stoned to death. A group calling itself "Hizballah-Palestine," a name frequently used by individual PIJ and Hamas cells, reported to a French news service that its members killed the boys. On October 17, two Palestinian men killed Israeli Minister of Tourism Rehavem Ze'evi outside his hotel room in East Jerusalem. The PFLP claimed responsibility. Early in the year, some PA officials made public statements justifying Palestinian attacks on Israelis, stating that such attacks were in response to the occupation. Additionally, some mid-level Fatah leaders made public statements urging Palestinians to continue all aspects of the Intifada, including violent opposition. Several times during the latter part of the year, Arafat publicly ordered a complete cease-fire and stated that he had instructed security forces to enforce it. The PA's limited attempts at enforcement were only partially successful. By year's end, the PA security forces were making increased attempts at arrest. Palestinian civilians also killed at least 22 Palestinians in the occupied territories who allegedly had collaborated with Israel. Most of the deaths were shootings perpetrated by small groups of unidentified Palestinians gunmen. The PA made no arrests in any of these killings. An example of such a case is the July 31 death of Jamal Shahin. b. Disappearance There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances during the year. During the year, groups of armed Palestinians beat two journalists and kidnaped two others for a 24-hour period (see Section 2.a.). One man disappeared in the West Bank on August 1, in unclear circumstances. It was not apparent whether his disappearance was politically or criminally motivated. No persons whose abduction previously was reported remained missing at year's end. c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Israeli laws and administrative regulations prohibit the physical abuse of detainees and a landmark decision by the High Court of Justice in September 1999 prohibited the use of a variety of abusive practices, including violent shaking, painful shackling in contorted positions, sleep deprivation for extended periods of time, and prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures; however, during the year, human rights organizations, including B'tselem, Human Rights Watch, LAW, and the Mandela Institute for Political Prisoners reported that there was an increase in the number of allegations that Israeli security forces tortured and abused detainees, including using methods prohibited in the 1999 High Court decision. There also were numerous allegations that police officers beat detainees. The Government stated that the security forces have complied with the High Court's decision and that the Attorney General's office investigates any allegations of mistreatment. Human rights groups indicate that the person who is responsible for carrying out the initial investigation into such allegations is a GSS officer, and that, as a result, the GSS provides preliminary research in injuries into its own alleged abuses. Human rights groups charge that largely because of they system, few cases have been opened and no GSS agent has been criminally charged with torture or other ill-treatment for the past several years. Prior to the High Court's 1999 decision, laws prohibiting the physical abuse of detainees were not enforced. Regulations authorized security officers to use "moderate physical and psychological pressure" (which included violent shaking) while interrogating detainees. These practices often led to excesses. In 1999 the Attorney General issued guidelines that denied blanket immunity from prosecution for interrogators. Israeli and Palestinian human rights groups noted that it was difficult to visit prisoners during the interrogation period and that some detainees were reluctant to report abuse out of fear of retribution. Several human rights groups stated that the case of Abdel Rahman al-Ahmar is representative of the allegations of physical abuse they are receiving. On May 24, Israeli authorities arrested al-Ahmar, a well-known Palestinian human rights activist and field researcher, for entering Jerusalem without a permit. The authorities first detained al-Ahmar at Etzion Prison, then transferred him 6 days later to the Russian Compound in Jerusalem. According to testimony he gave his lawyer, authorities beat al-Ahmar when they arrested him, subsequently subjected him to shabeh (shackling in painful positions for prolonged periods), and held him in a dirty, cold cell. According to a press release from the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel, authorities denied al-Ahmar adequate medical care. On June 18, an Israeli military judge denied al-Ahmar's legal complaint of torture--despite bruises on his arms and visible difficulty walking--and extended his detention without charging him. In early July, al-Ahmar was remanded for 6 months of administrative detention, and in November the order was renewed for an additional 6 months. International, Israeli, and Palestinian human rights groups continued to petition for his release. Most convictions in security cases before Israeli courts are based on confessions. The law prohibits the admission of forced confessions as evidence; however, there have been allegations that this occurs. A detainee may not have contact with a lawyer until after interrogation, a process that may last days or weeks. The Government does not allow representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) access to detainees until the 14th day of detention. Detainees sometimes state in court that their confessions are coerced, but judges rarely exclude such confessions. According to Palestinian human rights groups, some Palestinian detainees fail to make complaints either due to fear of retribution or because they assume that such complaints would be ignored. During the year, there were no known cases in which an Israeli court excluded a Palestinian confession because of a finding of improper means of investigation or interrogation. Israeli security forces injured more than 6,300 Palestinians during armed clashes, violent demonstrations, retaliatory strikes, and other military actions during the year. The marked decline in the number injured compared with 2000 reflects primarily the changing nature of the conflict. The massive daily demonstrations across the West Bank and Gaza have given way to a much higher incidence of armed attacks by individuals or unorganized or small groups of Palestinians, heavy IDF retaliation against civilian areas, and intense gun battles resulting from Israeli military incursions into Palestinian-controlled towns and villages. However, smaller, less-frequent demonstrations, many of which turned violent, continued (see Sections 1.a., 1.g., and 2.b.). The IDF injured a number of bystanders, including journalists, at demonstrations, clashes, or during retaliatory strikes. Israeli gunfire killed 2 journalists and injured at least 10 others during Israeli military actions during the year (see Sections 1.a. and 2.a.). There also were many reports that Israeli authorities treat Palestinians in an abusive manner at checkpoints, subjecting them to verbal and physical harassment. Each day, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians who wish to travel between Palestinian towns and villages must pass through one or more of the approximately 130 Israeli checkpoints across the occupied territories. Credible anecdotal stories of checkpoint abuses recounted by international humanitarian aid groups, and by hundreds of Palestinian citizens throughout the year, suggest that abuse is common and that as many as several thousand Palestinians have encountered some form of abuse from soldiers at checkpoints. In extreme cases, there were numerous reports of soldiers forcing Palestinians to hit or spit on other Palestinians in line, to strip off their own clothing, or to eat or drink during the Ramadan fast before being allowed to pass through the checkpoints. In a case reported by local and international press, and videotaped by an Israeli settler, in February in central Hebron, 50-year-old Palestinian pedestrian Jadilallah al-Jabri was stopped at an IDF checkpoint near an entrance to the H-2, Israeli-controlled section. Although al-Jabri provided all the correct documentation, and reportedly was not acting in a threatening manner, a soldier shot him in his ankle, severely injuring him. The soldiers neglected to provide any medical care to the man for several minutes, despite profuse bleeding. Finally, Palestinian bystanders called for an ambulance. Human Rights Watch estimated that in the first 2 months of the year, hundreds of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza were subjected to serious beatings, tire slashings, and gunfire directed against them or their vehicles because they were traveling on, or trying to circumvent, roads on which the IDF blocked passage to Palestinians as it attempted to enforce internal closures between Palestinian cities and towns in the West Bank and Gaza (see Section 2.d.). The Palestinian Red Crescent Society (PRCS) stated that IDF soldiers and settlers committed 67 attacks against PRCS ambulances during the year. The PRCS also reported that IDF soldiers and Israeli settlers injured 121 PRCS emergency personnel in attacks. Two doctors, a nurse, and an ambulance driver were killed by Israeli fire during retaliatory attacks on civilian areas or PA institutions (see Sections 1.a and 1.g.). In one widely reported case, IDF soldiers abused a number of PRCS emergency workers at checkpoints. The soldiers at a roadblock south of Nablus forced three medics out of the ambulance, confiscated their radios, and ordered them to lie on the road. The soldiers repeatedly beat the workers with rifle butts, verbally abused them, kicked them, and broke one medic's hand. The PRCS team was allowed to leave only after the intervention of the ICRC. The PA does not prohibit by law the use of torture or force against detainees, and PA security forces reportedly regularly employ torture and abuse against Palestinian detainees. Such abuse generally takes place after arrest and during interrogation, and reportedly is widespread. In 1995 the Gaza civil police commander issued to police officers in the West Bank and Gaza a directive forbidding torture during interrogation, and directing the security forces to observe the rights of all detainees; however, the directive does not have the force of law, and Palestinian security officers have not been issued formal guidelines regarding the proper conduct of interrogations. The PA lacks adequate equipment to collect and use evidence, and convictions are based largely on confessions. PA security officials torture and abuse prisoners by threatening, hooding, beating, and tying detainees in painful positions, forcing them to stand for long periods of time, depriving them of sleep and food, and burning detainees with cigarettes and hot instruments. Palestinians also alleged that PA authorities have shaken them violently while in PA custody. International human rights groups have documented widespread arbitrary and abusive conduct by the PA. The organizations state that the use of torture is widespread and not restricted to those persons detained on security charges. Human rights groups state that Palestinians who are suspected of belonging to radical Islamic groups are more likely to be treated poorly, as are the large numbers of alleged collaborators with Israel who have been arrested since the start of the Intifada. Observers have noted that documentation of abuses is very limited, due partly to the hesitancy of alleged victims to file or make public claims of torture and abuse against the PA authorities. During the year, five Palestinians died under ambiguous circumstances while in PA custody. The PA released no autopsy of the deaths (see Section 1.a.). Off-duty Palestinian security officers and Fatah Tanzim members with firearms were deeply involved in the violence during the year. In some cases, they fired at Israeli civilians or soldiers from within or close to the homes of Palestinian civilians, drawing Israeli return fire. For example, on several occasions, Palestinians security forces on night patrol in the al-Bireh neighborhood near Ramallah failed to find and prevent Palestinian gunmen from firing on the nearby Israeli settlement of Psagot. Most of the shootings caused no injuries and did little damage, but they did prompt the IDF to respond with gunfire and, occasionally, tank shells, which resulted in at least two deaths and numerous injuries to noncombatants. Palestinian security forces also at times failed to prevent armed Palestinians in areas under PA control from opening fire on Israeli settlers or other civilians, soldiers, or military targets. Extremist Israeli settlers harassed, attacked, and occasionally killed Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (see Section 1.a.). There were credible reports that settlers injured a number of Palestinians during the year, usually by stoning their vehicles (which at times caused fatal accidents), shooting them, or striking them with moving vehicles. Human rights groups received a number of reports during the year that Israeli settlers in the West Bank beat Palestinians. Some settlers also attacked Palestinian homes and damaged crops, olive trees, greenhouses, and agricultural equipment, usually in areas located near settlements, causing extensive economic damage to Palestinian-owned agricultural land. For example, PRCS and LAW reported that, on June 1, settlers burned the wheat fields and allegedly poisoned the sheep of Palestinians in Sawyeh village, near Nablus. The settlers acted in an area in which the IDF is responsible for security. The IDF took no action to apprehend the perpetrators, and no compensation was provided to the Palestinian victims. Settlers usually act independently of government direction in such attacks; however, the Israeli Government generally does not prosecute settlers for their acts of violence against Palestinians, and settlers rarely serve prison sentences if convicted of a crime against a Palestinian. In October B'tselem published a report criticizing Israeli law enforcement officials for their failure to control settlers during attacks against Palestinians. The report also charged that the Israeli security forces contribute to the continued violence by failing to discipline such abuses by settlers. Earlier in the year, B'tselem criticized the IDF not only for its failure to control settlers during attacks on Palestinians, but also for applying curfews and closures only to Palestinians, including in cases that prevented Palestinians from defending themselves and their property against attacks by the settlers. For example, on May 14, settlers broke into Muhammad Ra'id Khalil Dar Khalil's cement block factory. The settlers used his forklift and tractor to severely damage the facility, burned a truck, a crane, feed for his animals, and 200 platforms of concrete blocks. The settlers also damaged his car and factory equipment, and stoned his house, breaking windows and doors. Khalil reported that soldiers who were present did nothing to stop the settlers, and also refused to allow him to leave his home during the incident. According to human rights organizations, Israeli settlers at times attacked Palestinian ambulances and impeded the provision of medical services to injured Palestinians (see Section 2.d. and 1.g.). During the year, Israeli settlers in Hebron also increased their longstanding harassment of members of the Temporary International Presence in Hebron (TIPH), which monitors relations between Israeli and Palestinian security forces, Palestinian civilians, and settlers in the city, and damaged a number of their vehicles; TIPH suspended its regular patrols in the Israeli-controlled section of Hebron for a week in August due to such incidents. Palestinians harassed, attacked, and occasionally killed Israelis, especially settlers (see Section 1.a.). For example, during the year, unidentified Palestinian gunmen regularly fired on homes in Gilo, a Jewish neighborhood in the Jerusalem area, from residential areas of the neighboring Palestinian town of Beit Jala. Since the beginning of the Intifada, at least 550 Israeli settlers and civilians in the occupied territories have been injured by Palestinian civilians or Palestinian security forces. Several Palestinian extremist groups claimed responsibility for injuring a number of Israeli settlers, civilians, and soldiers in armed attacks or bombings in the occupied territories. There was a report during the year that Hamas militants shot at an Israeli medical team. On August 23, an official from the Israeli Government accused the PRCS of allowing gunmen to be transported in its ambulances in the Nablus area. However, when later asked by the ICRC and the PRCS to provide evidence of the practice, the Israeli Government retracted the allegations. The ICRC and PRCS noted that this was the third time that Israeli officials had falsely accused the PRCS of transporting gunmen or weapons during this Intifada; each time the Israeli Government and the IDF have failed to provide any evidence to support their charges. Conditions for Palestinians in Israeli prisons are poor. Facilities are overcrowded, sanitation is poor, and medical care is inadequate. For most of the year, Israeli prison authorities held at least 80 minors who had been arrested on security charges, primarily stone-throwing, in cells with convicted adult Israeli criminals at Tel Mond prison in Israel. Previously, including during the first Intifada, Palestinian minors had always been incarcerated separately from other prisoners. The youths' lawyers and relatives reported frequent instances of mistreatment by adult Israeli prisoners incarcerated for criminal offenses, and occasionally by prison officials, against these minors, including beatings, rapes, attacks with razors, theft of food and money, and general harassment. Upon receiving complaints by several human rights and humanitarian groups, prison officials moved 50 youths to other prisons or released them upon completion of their sentence; however, the Israeli authorities subsequently incarcerated additional minors at Tel Mond. At year's end, 60-70 minors remained in the cells in Tel Mond. Palestinian prisoners went on several, short-lived hunger strikes in Israeli prisons to protest living conditions. In Ramleh prison, female prisoners went on a hunger strike for 1 day in May. In the Megiddo military detention facility and at Ashkelon and Beersheva there were several 1-day hunger strikes in during the year. The minors held in Tel Mond also held hunger strikes during the year, which lasted from 1 to 3 days. In September 2000, Israeli authorities suspended family visits for Palestinian prisoners; however, they allowed limited visits to resume in February. Visits for families of prisoners from Gaza had resumed at a fairly normal level; however, visits for families of prisoners from the West Bank were reduced significantly because of time and logistical barriers due to internal closure in the West Bank. The IDF suspended the visitation program for families from the West Bank at the end of July, citing the security situation as the reason. During the year, two Palestinian prisoner serving time on a criminal charge died in Israeli custody under ambiguous circumstances (see Section 1.a.). Israel permits independent monitoring of prison conditions by the ICRC and other groups, although human rights groups sometimes encounter difficulties gaining access to specific detainees. Since the Intifada began, only Israeli citizens or Palestinian lawyers with Jerusalem identification cards have been permitted to visit Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails as advocates or monitors. This has significantly reduced the availability and timeliness of legal aid for such prisoners due to a reduction from 1,300 to approximately 100 available lawyers to handle such cases. Lawyers with Jerusalem identification cards report frequent, repeated, and lengthy delays in meeting with prisoners. Israeli lawyers have not take steps to fill the void. Conditions in PA prisons continue to be very poor. In many cases, facilities are overcrowded, old, dilapidated, and neglected. Food and clothing for prisoners are inadequate and must be supplemented by donations from families and humanitarian groups. Male and female inmates are held separately. There are separate facilities to hold juvenile prisoners. During the year, five Palestinians died in PA custody under ambiguous circumstances (see Section 1.a.). During the year, several prisoners held hunger strikes to protest their imprisonment in PA prisons. For example, in October 12 members of the PFLP in Ramallah conducted a hunger strike that lasted approximately 5 days. During the strike some 300 supporters held a protest march, and PFLP members set up a protest tent in Manara Square. The PA permits independent monitoring of its prisons, although human rights groups, humanitarian organizations, and lawyers reported difficulties arranging visits or gaining access to specific detainees. Human rights organizations state that their ability to visit PA jails and detention centers varies depending on which security organization controls the facility. Human rights organizations state that the police, Preventive Security Force, and Mukhabarat generally allowed them to inspect facilities and visit prisoners and detainees. However, they stated that the Military Intelligence Organization usually did not grant them access to facilities that they control. Human rights monitors state that prison authorities do not consistently permit them to have access to PA detention facilities, and that they rarely are permitted to see inmates while they are under interrogation. The ICRC operates in the West Bank and Gaza under the terms of a memorandum of understanding signed in September 1996 between the ICRC and the PLO. The memorandum accords the ICRC access to all detainees held by the PA and allows regular inspections of prison conditions. In accordance with the agreement, the ICRC conducted visits of facilities run by the PA. The PA may deny a group access to a detainee for 14 days immediately following his or her arrest. If abuses occur, they frequently happen during this 2-week period. d. Arbitrary Arrest, Detention, or Exile Israeli security personnel may arrest without warrant or hold for questioning a person suspected of having committed a criminal or security offense. Most of these arrests and detentions are for alleged security offenses. Persons arrested for common crimes usually are provided with a statement of charges and access to an attorney, and may apply for bail. However, these procedures in some cases are delayed. Israeli authorities intermittently issued special summonses for those suspected of involvement in or knowledge of security offenses. There were reports that some such summonses were issued immediately before and during the Intifada. Israeli military order 1369 provides for a 7-year prison term for anyone who does not respond to a special summons delivered to a family member or posted in the MATAK office nearest the suspect's home address. There were no reports during the year that any person was convicted of failing to respond to a summons. Bail rarely is available to those arrested for security offenses. Although Israeli law does not allow Israelis under the age of 16 to be tried as adults, Israeli courts treat Palestinians more than the age of 12 as adults. Defense for Children International (DCI) reported that over 500 Palestinian minors (below the age of 18 years) were arrested and detained in Israeli prisons during the year, and that at year's end, there were approximately 160 minors in Israeli prisons. The IDF stated that it held 102 Palestinian minors in detention as of early December. The Israeli Prisons Service Facilities held 14 minor prisoners and detainees as of early December. Some discrepancy in the number of minors held is attributable to the different definitions of what age constitutes a Palestinian minor. Israeli authorities may hold persons in custody without a warrant for 96 hours; following that time, they must be released unless a warrant is issued. Prearraignment detention may last up to 11 days for Palestinians arrested in the occupied territories and up to 8 days for minors and those accused of less serious offenses. Authorities must obtain a court order for longer administrative detentions--up to 6 months from the date of arrest. At hearings to extend detention for interrogation purposes, detainees are entitled to be represented by counsel, although defense attorneys often are not allowed to see or hear the evidence against their clients. Detainees either are released at the end of the court-ordered detention or sent to administrative detention if they are not indicted. If there is an indictment, a judge may order indefinite detention until the end of the trial. Israeli regulations permit detainees to be held in isolation during interrogation. Detainees have the right to appeal continued detention. Although a detainee generally has the right to consult with a lawyer as soon as possible, in security cases authorities may delay access to counsel for up to 15 days. Higher-ranking officials or judges may extend this period. Access to counsel is denied routinely while a suspect is being interrogated, which may last up to several weeks. Authorities must inform detainees of their right to an attorney and whether there are any orders prohibiting such contact. A number of factors hamper contacts by Palestinians in Israeli prison and detention facilities with their lawyers, families, and human rights organizations. Israeli authorities state that they attempt to post notification of arrest within 48 hours; however, Palestinian suspects often are kept incommunicado for longer than 48 hours. Even if family members or others become aware of a person's arrest, it often is difficult for them to obtain information regarding where a detainee is being held or whether the detainee has access to an attorney. Palestinians generally locate detained family members through their own efforts. Palestinians may check with a local ICRC office to determine whether it has information regarding the whereabouts of a family member. A senior officer may delay for up to 12 days notification of arrest to immediate family members and attorneys. A military commander may appeal to a judge to extend this period in security cases for an unlimited period of time. The Israeli Government routinely transfers Palestinians arrested in the occupied territories to facilities in Israel, especially the prison in Ashkelon and the military detention center in Megiddo. Such transfers contravene international humanitarian law (see Section 1.g.). Israeli authorities in some instances scheduled appointments between attorneys and their detained clients, only to move the clients to another prison prior to the meetings. Authorities reportedly use such tactics to delay lawyer-client meetings for as long as 90 days. Palestinian lawyers also have difficulty traveling to meet with their clients during Israeli-imposed closures, which were in place for most of the year (see Section 2.d.). Israel requires Palestinian attorneys to obtain permits to enter Israel to see their clients held in prisons there. Human rights groups state that Palestinian lawyers from the Gaza Strip have a more difficult time obtaining these permits than their West Bank counterparts and that they are denied entry into Israel more frequently than West Bank lawyers. Since the beginning of the Intifada, West Bank lawyers have not been permitted to visit Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails, although Palestinian lawyers with valid Jerusalem identification cards have been permitted to do so. This has significantly reduced the availability and timeliness of legal counsel for such prisoners (see Section 1.c.). Male family members between 16 and 40 years of age, and any family members with security records, generally are barred from visiting relatives in facilities in Israel. Relatives of Palestinian prisoners also state that in some instances they learn that visitation rights have been canceled only when they arrive at the prison after travelling for many hours from the occupied territories. Following the outbreak of violence in late September 2000, the Israeli Government banned all family visits for Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails, although some visitation rights were restored during the year after ICRC interventions (see Section 1.c.). Evidence used at hearings for administrative detentions is secret and unavailable to the detainee or his attorney during the hearings; the detainee and defense lawyer are required to leave the courtroom when secret evidence is presented. Israeli authorities maintain that they are unable to present evidence in open court because doing so would compromise the method of acquiring the evidence. In July 1998, the High Court of Justice ruled that only judges, rather than military officials, may renew administrative detention orders beyond a 6-month period. Detainees may appeal detention orders, or the renewal of a detention order, before a military judge, but their chances for success are very limited. No information was available regarding whether any detainees were successful in such appeals. The total number of Palestinian prisoners and administrative detainees in Israeli jails increased during the year due to arrests associated with the ongoing Intifada. According to the IDF, there were 1,854 Palestinian security prisoners held in IDF and Israeli Prisons Service jails, compared to 1,402 at the end of 2000. The IDF also held an unspecified number of Palestinian detainees in waiting facilities in the occupied territories. Addameer, a leading Palestinian prisoner rights group, estimated that there were approximately 2,200 Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails as of October 1. Approximately 1,350 to 1,400 had been detained before the Intifada began (most of them pre-Oslo prisoners serving long terms), and 800 to 850 of those currently in custody had been arrested during the year. According to the IDF and IPS, 918 were awaiting trial. Addameer estimated that approximately 210 Palestinian detainees were undergoing interrogation. Addameer assessed that between 1,950 to 2,000 Palestinians had been arrested on security-related charges during the year, but that 1,100 to 1,200 had been released or completed their sentences. Addameer and the IDF reported that 34 Palestinians were in administrative detention as of December. Most had been detained for less than 1 year. A number of Palestinians under administrative detention during the previous several years have had their detention orders renewed repeatedly and few, if any, appeals have been successful. PA security forces arbitrarily arrested and detained persons. The PA does not have a uniform law on administrative detention, and security officials do not always adhere to the existing laws in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Laws applicable in Gaza, which do not apply to the West Bank, stipulate that detainees held without charge must be released within 48 hours. The law allows the Attorney General to extend the detention period to a maximum of 90 days during investigations. Human rights organizations and the PA Ministry of Justice assert that PA security officials do not always adhere to this provision. The law in the West Bank allows a suspect to be detained for 24 hours before being charged. The Attorney General may extend the detention period. According to Human Rights Watch (HRW), in October the authorities issued an order to place seven persons who allegedly belonged to Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hamas in administrative detention. They neither were charged nor tried, and were ordered to be held for a period of 6 months to 1 year. The PA stated that this reflected their attempt to combat terrorism. The PA Chairman has not signed the Basic Law, which was designed to limit executive branch abuses and to provide safeguards for citizens, since it was passed by the Palestinian Council (PC) in 1996. The lack of safeguards has contributed to the tendency of PA security forces to refuse to carry out High Court of Justice orders to release detainees. In some cases in past years, the High Court ordered the release of prisoners detained for years without trial, and PA security forces released the prisoners several months up to 1 year later. In November 1997, the Palestinian High Court ordered the release of HAMAS member Mahmud Muslah; it is not clear if Muslah remained in detention at year's end. In February 1999, the High Court ordered the release of Wa'el Farraj, who has been detained without charges since 1996; it is not clear if Farraj remained in detention at year's end. According to the Palestinian Independent Commission for Citizens Rights, the High Court ordered 17 detainees released during the year, compared with 9 detainees in 2000. The PA released 2 of the 17 in response to the High Court order. Addameer estimated that approximately 340 suspected collaborators and 180 to 200 political prisoners were in custody in PA jails at year's end (see Section 1.e.). According to HRW, these alleged collaborators often were held without sufficient evidence, and denied access to lawyers, their families, or doctors. Palestinian security forces at times detained or placed under house arrest the relatives of alleged security criminals. For example, the PA arrested and reportedly still held at the end of the year, two brothers of the suspects who allegedly killed Israeli Tourism Minister Ze'evi on October 17. Lawyers and PA judicial officials acknowledged that, in contravention of the law, PA security services sometimes arrest and detain persons without informing judicial officials. PA authorities generally permit prisoners--except those held for security offenses--to receive visits from family members, and human rights monitors. PA security officials do not always permit lawyers to see their clients. In principle detainees may notify their families of their arrest, but this is not always permitted. Human rights organizations reported in the past that lawyers at times were denied access to their clients. PA security services have overlapping or unclear mandates that often complicate the protection of human rights. Under existing law in the West Bank, only the PA's civil police force is authorized to make arrests. In practice all security forces are known to detain persons at various times. The operating procedures and regulations for the conduct of PA security personnel in the various services still are not well developed and have not yet been made fully available to the public. There are many detention facilities in the West Bank and Gaza Strip administered by the overlapping PA security services, a situation that complicates the ability of families, lawyers, and even the Ministry of Justice to track detainees' whereabouts and to determine their numbers. Security services, including Preventive Security, General Intelligence, Military Intelligence, and the Coast Guard have their own interrogation and detention facilities. In general these services do not, or only sporadically, inform families of a relative's arrest. Most PA security officers remain unaware of proper arrest, detention, and interrogation procedures, as well as basic human rights standards. In previous years, human rights groups have provided basic human rights training to a number of PA security services, and nearly 1,600 PA security officials have participated in human rights courses since the PA's establishment in 1994. PA security forces continued to harass and arbitrarily arrest and detain journalists, political activists, and human rights advocates who criticized the PA and its policies (see Sections 2.a. and 4). On September 14, Palestinian police detained for approximately 2 hours five journalists who were covering a demonstration at the Nuseirat refugee camp (see Section 2.a.). During the year, an Israeli commentator of Egyptian origin claimed that members of the PA security forces held him incommunicado in the Bethlehem area for several weeks (see Section 2.a.). Neither the Israeli Government nor the PA used forced exile, or forcibly deported anyone from the occupied territories, during the year. e. Denial of Fair Public Trial Israeli law provides for an independent judiciary, and the Government generally respects this provision. Palestinians accused by Israel of security offenses in the occupied territories are tried in Israeli military courts. Security offenses are defined broadly and may include charges as varied as stone-throwing or membership in outlawed organizations. Military prosecutors bring charges. Serious charges are tried before three-judge panels; lesser offenses are tried before one judge. The Israeli military courts rarely acquit Palestinians of security offenses, but sentences in some cases are reduced on appeal. The 1970 regulations governing Israeli military trials allow for evidentiary rules that are the same in criminal cases. Convictions may not be based solely on confessions, although in practice some security prisoners have been sentenced on the basis of the coerced confessions of both themselves and others. The prosecution must justify closing the proceedings to the public in such cases, and the Attorney General determines the venue. The accused may be assisted by counsel, and a judge may assign counsel to those defendants when it is deemed necessary. Charges are made available to the defendant and the public in Hebrew, and the court may order that the charges be translated into Arabic if necessary. Sentencing in military courts is consistent with that in criminal courts. Defendants in military trials have the right to appeal through the Military High Court. Defendants in military trials also may petition to the civilian High Court of Justice (sitting as a court of first instance) in cases in which they believe there are procedural or evidentiary irregularities. The court may here secret evidence in security cases that is not available to the defendant or his attorney; however, while a conviction may not be based solely on such evidence, it reportedly may influence the judge's decision. Trials sometimes are delayed because witnesses, including Israeli military or police officers, do not appear, the defendant is not brought to court, files are lost, or attorneys fail to appear, sometimes because they have not been informed of the trial date or travel restrictions prevent Palestinian lawyers reaching the court (see Section 2.d.). These delays pressure some defendants to plead guilty to minor offenses so that an expedited trial may be held; in expedited trials a charge sheet is drawn up within 48 hours and a court hearing is scheduled within days. There frequently is no testimony provided by Palestinian witnesses either for or against Palestinians on trial. Israeli authorities maintain that this is due to the refusal of Palestinians to cooperate with the authorities. Tension resulting from the current security situation, and the closures imposed on the West Bank and Gaza, pose additional barriers to cooperation. Physical and psychological pressures and reduced sentences for those who confess may induce security detainees to sign confessions. Confessions usually are given in Arabic but translated into Hebrew for the record because, authorities maintain, many Israeli court personnel speak Arabic but few read it. As a result, many Palestinian prisoners sign confessions written in Hebrew, which they cannot read or understand. Crowded facilities and poor arrangements for attorney-client consultations in prisons hinder legal defense efforts. Appointments to see clients are difficult to arrange, and prison authorities often fail to produce clients for scheduled appointments. Israeli settlers in the West Bank and Gaza Strip accused of security and ordinary criminal offenses are tried under Israeli law in the nearest Israeli district court. Civilian judges preside, and the standards of due process and admissibility of evidence are governed by the laws of Israel, not military orders. Settlers rarely are prosecuted in Israeli courts of crimes against Palestinians, and, in the rare instances in which they are convicted, regularly receive lighter punishment than Palestinians convicted in Israeli courts of similar crimes against either Israelis or other Palestinians (see Section 1.a.). The Government of Israel stated that they established a special department within the police force to investigate violence by settlers; however, the establishment of such a unit has not noticeably diminished the problem. During the year, 42 settlers were indicted for violence in the occupied territories; however, most of these indictments were for crimes against Israeli security forces rather than against Palestinians. There were no reports that the Israeli Government held political prisoners. The Israeli Government held hundreds of persons for security related offenses (see Section 1.d.). The PA courts are inefficient, lack staff and resources, and often do not ensure fair and expeditious trials. The PA executive and security services frequently ignore or fail to carry out court decisions and otherwise inhibit judicial independence. In a report released in November, HRW asserted that lack of judicial independence and the lack of rule of law in the PA leads to the continuing problems of torture, extrajudicial killings, and arbitrary detention (see Sections 1.a., 1.c., and 1.d.). The PA inherited a court system largely based on structures and legal codes predating the 1967 Israeli occupation. During the year, a new law regarding the formation of the courts took affect, which changed the types or sizes of cases that some of the civil court can conduct. In each district there must be at least one conciliation court and a court of first instance that hears appeals from that conciliation court, and which has original jurisdiction of more serious cases. There is a court of appeals in both Gaza and Ramallah to review decisions of the first instance courts. Until this law took effect, the Courts of Appeal also served as the High Court. The law established one High Court, which will serve as an administrative court and the Constitutional Court until these are formed by law. However, it is not clear how the judiciary plans to manage this transitions, since there are limited resources to make these changes to the judiciary. Additionally, it is not clear how or when the changes will take effect, since Article 1 of the law states that the courts are established pursuant to the Judicial Authority law, which has not been implemented. The PA executive at times does not respect decisions of the High Court, and the Palestinian security agencies do not always enforce its rulings (see Section 1.d.). In 1995 the PA established state security courts in Gaza and the West Bank to try cases involving security issues. Three military judges preside over each court. A senior police official heads the state security court in Jericho, and three judges preside over it. There is no right of appeal, but the PA Chairman reviews the court's findings, and he may confirm or reject the decision. The PA Ministry of Justice has no jurisdiction over the state security courts, which are subordinate only to the Chairman. There is a separate Attorney General appointed by the Chairman to work with the state security courts. The Gaza legal code derives from Ottoman law, British Mandate law, Egyptian law, and PA directives and laws. Pre-1967 Jordanian law applies in the West Bank. Bodies of law in the Gaza Strip and West Bank have been modified substantially by Israeli military orders. According to the Declaration of Principles and the Interim Agreement, Israeli military decrees issued during the occupation theoretically remained valid in both areas and are subject to review pursuant to specific procedure. The PA has stated that it was undertaking efforts to unify the Gaza and West Bank legal codes, but it has made little progress. Human rights advocates state that the PA's judiciary does not operate consistently. The court system in general is recovering from years of neglect; many of the problems predate PA jurisdiction. Judges and staff lack sufficient resources and suffer from a lack of skills and training. Court procedures and record keeping are antiquated. The delivery of justice often is slow and uneven. The ability of the courts to obtain enforcement of their decisions is extremely weak, and the appeals process is administratively confusing. A heavy caseload even before the Intifada exacerbated these systemic problems. During the year, the revolving caseload reportedly increased by at least 60 percent, because judicial officials rarely could reach the courthouse in time due to Israeli-imposed closures (see Section 2.d.). The High Judicial Council (HJC) is slowly gaining authority over judicial matters that formerly were administered by the PA Ministry of Justice. In 1998 the Palestinian Legislative Council mandated the creation of the HJC with the goal of enhancing the judicial system and its independence. Arafat approved the establishment of the HJC in 2000. During the year, the HJC planned the budget for the judicial branch, supervised judicial operations in the West Bank and Gaza, and nominated more than 30 new judges for the Chairman's confirmation. Prior to this year, the Ministry of Justice appointed all civil judges for 10-year terms and supervised judicial operations. The PA's state security courts fail to afford defendants due process. The PA usually ignores the legal limits on the length of pre-arraignment detention of detainees suspected of security offenses. Defendants often are brought to court without knowledge of the charges against them or sufficient time to prepare a defense. They typically are represented by court-appointed lawyers, who generally are members of the security services who have earned valid law degrees, but who had not practiced trial law, or, in some cases, any law, as part of their career. Court sessions often take place on short notice in the middle of the night, and without lawyers present. In some instances, security courts try cases, issue verdicts, and impose sentences in a single session lasting a few hours. During the year, the state security courts sentenced 10 persons to death for collaboration with Israel in the killing of Palestinians. In at least one of the cases, the trial reportedly was hasty, and the defendant did not have adequate representation, bringing into question whether the defendant received a fair judicial review. In January the PA executed two men convicted on collaboration with Israel. The PA also sentenced four men to life sentences with labor for collaboration. One of the life sentences subsequently was commuted to a 15-year sentence because the convict was a minor (age 17). The state security courts adjudicate cases that fall far outside the scope of the courts' original mandate. In addition to cases in which violations of state security allegedly occurred, the courts have on occasion dealt with tax cases and economic crimes, such as smuggling. In 2000 Chairman Arafat decreed that "serious" crimes, including homicide, rape, and drug trafficking, be referred to state security courts. The decision prompted human rights organizations to issue statements requesting the abolition of state security courts and the referral of all cases to the regular civil courts. There were no reports during the year that persons were convicted for their political beliefs. A credible Palestinian prisoner rights organization estimated that the PA held 180 to 200 political prisoners, as well as approximately 340 Palestinians on charges of collaboration as of year's end (see Section 1.d.). f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence Israeli military authorities in areas of the West Bank under their control may enter private Palestinian homes and institutions without a warrant on security grounds when authorized by an officer of the rank of lieutenant colonel or above. In conducting searches, both in areas under Israeli control and during incursions into areas ostensibly under PA control, IDF personnel have forced entry and in some cases have beaten occupants and destroyed property. Israeli authorities state that forced entry may occur lawfully only when incident to an arrest and when entry is resisted. Authorities have stated that beatings and arbitrary destruction of property during searches are punishable violations of military regulations and that compensation is due to victims in such cases. The Israeli Government stated that it does not keep consolidated information regarding the claims against the Ministry of Defense for damages resulting from IDF actions. Israeli security forces may demolish or seal the home (owned or rented) of a Palestinian suspected of terrorism without any judicial review. The decision to seal or demolish a Palestinian's home is made by several high-level Israeli officials, including the coordinator of the MATAK and the Defense Minister, and usually are claimed to be designed to combat terrorism. Residents of homes ordered demolished have 48 hours to appeal to the area commander, and a final appeal may be made to the Israeli High Court. (A successful appeal generally results in the conversion of a demolition order to sealing.) However, during the year, numerous homes belonging to Palestinians suspected of being terrorists were demolished without providing the right of appeal during IDF incursions into Palestinian controlled cities and towns. After a house is demolished military authorities prohibit the owner from rebuilding or removing the rubble. Israelis suspected of terrorism are subject to Israeli law and do not face the threat of home demolition. On the night of September 18, the Israeli Government expelled Bedouin farmers from their homes in caves near the Jewish settlement of Ma'on, stating that the area was a closed military zone. The IDF had taken similar action against the same families in November 1999. In March 2000, the Israeli High Court of Justice had ordered that the farmers be allowed to return to their homes. The September expulsion was carried out to implement deportation orders that the IDF originally had issued in April 2000 to returnees who were not party to the original legal suit. Israeli peace groups strongly protested the move. A number of Bedouin families reportedly were allowed to return to the area after the IDF left. A petition on this case was filed with the High Court of Justice and was pending at year's end. The Government of Israel expelled the families following the killing of an Israeli citizen in the same area on July 2. From September 2000 through the end of the year, the IDF destroyed numerous citrus orchards, olive and date groves, and irrigation systems on Palestinian-owned agricultural land in both the West Bank and Gaza (see Section 1.g.). The IDF generally destroyed these groves or orchards for security reasons, because they stated that Palestinians had been shooting from those areas. The PA requires the Attorney General to issue warrants for entry and searches of private property; however, Palestinian security services frequently ignore these requirements. Police searched homes without the consent of their owners. In some cases, police forcibly entered premises and destroyed property. PA security forces at times detained or placed under house arrest the relatives of alleged security criminals. For example, the PA reportedly arrested and detained two brothers of the suspects in the killing of Israeli Tourism Minister Ze'evi (see Section 1.d.). g. Use of Excessive Force and Violations of Humanitarian Law in Internal Conflicts During the year, Israeli security forces killed at least 501 Palestinians and injured more than 6,300 others during violent demonstrations, armed clashes, and military and security operations. At least 68 of the deaths occurred during Israeli incursions into areas in which the PA has civilian and security control (Area A). Palestinian demonstrators frequently threw stones and Molotov cocktails at the IDF. In some demonstrations, Palestinians, probably including off-duty members of the security forces, also used firearms. In response Israeli security forces used a variety of means to disperse demonstrators, including tear gas, rubber-coated metal bullets, and live ammunition. Human rights groups charged that in many instances, Israeli security forces at times used excessive force against demonstrators and others, in contravention of their official rules of engagement (see Section 1.a.). According to the IDF, its actions, and its rules of engagement are based on a legal framework. It also stated that it follows a policy of restraint and proportionality, and that, to the extent possible, it avoids harming civilians. IDF regulations permit the use of rubber-coated metal bullets and live ammunition only when the life of the soldier or another person is imminently threatened, and no other means of defense is available; to apprehend a fleeing person suspected of having committed a dangerous offense who has not responded to warning calls and shots; and to disperse a violent demonstration or riot. A response to a violent demonstration must be in clear escalatory stages--first tear gas, then warning shots in the air, then rubber--coated steel bullets. IDF Open-Fire Regulations state that in apprehending a fleeing suspect, soldiers are to direct fire at the suspect's legs only. Soldiers are not permitted to fire at persons suspected of having committed only minor offenses, such as refusal to identify themselves or fleeing from security forces. Regulations prohibit security force members from opening fire in the direction of children or women, even in the case of severe public disorder, unless there is an immediate and obvious danger to a soldier's life. Firing on a suspicious vehicle at a checkpoint is permitted only when the soldiers at the site are in a clearly life-threatening situation. The IDF stated that it has revised its rules of engagement since the beginning of the Intifada in order to allow for the use of live fire when a life is imminently threatened. The definition of "life threatening" can include situations in which persons are throwing stones. While in general Israeli security forces have held their fire despite provocations, there is credible evidence that the IDF has killed or injured Palestinians or others in non-life threatening situations. IDF data indicates that are no known cases in which an Israeli soldier on duty has ever been killed by stone-throwing during the Intifada. The IDF killed or injured a number of bystanders, including journalists, medical personnel, and Palestinian civilians, when they fired into crowds at demonstrations (see Sections 1.a. and 2.a.). The Palestinian Health, Development, Information, and Policy Institute (HDIP) reported that as of April, 75 percent of Palestinian deaths during the Intifada had been due to live bullets, and that nearly 70 percent of the fatal injuries were shots to the head, neck, and chest. Live bullets and rubber-coated metal bullets had caused two-thirds of all injuries, 35-40 percent of which were injuries to the head, neck, or chest. PRCS figures indicated that more than 52 percent of the nearly 17,000 injuries to Palestinians since the start of the Intifada were caused by live ammunition or rubber-coated metal bullets. Palestinian medical groups estimated that more than 10 percent of the injuries will result in permanent disabilities (see Section 5). In addition to the damage to the PRCS headquarters in al-Bireh (during two retaliatory attacks on the area), the PRCS Emergency Center in Jenin and several ambulances there were damaged heavily during IDF shelling of the city on September 11. The PRCS center remained closed at year's end. The Israeli Government stated that it has ordered soldiers to refrain from interfering with the provision of medical services, and to allow ambulances and medical personnel to pass through checkpoints, and has provided this information to soldiers. The Israeli Government further stated that Palestinians have used ambulances to transport arms, and that soldiers must balance these security considerations with humanitarian concern. According to the Government, Israeli ambulances and medical personnel facilitated the medical evacuation of Palestinians to Israel, Jordan, and other countries during the year. During the Intifada, the IDF also used excessive force in responding to a number of incidents at checkpoints and border areas that it considered security situations, in contravention of the rules of its Open-Fire Regulations. On May 15, three different television crews taped an Israeli border guard shooting French journalist Bertrand Aguirre in Ramallah. The tapes showed an Israeli border guard getting out of his vehicle, adjusting his weapon, and opening fire at chest level. Aguirre, who had just finished recording his report and was standing behind a group of demonstrators, was hit in the chest; his bullet-proof vest saved his life (see Section 2.a.). On July 2, IDF soldiers shot and killed 32-year-old Radwan Ishtayeh as he was throwing a bag of garbage out of his taxi onto the roadside between Nablus and Salim village. The IDF soldiers stated that they viewed the bag as a suspicious object. During the year, the IDF shot and killed at least 25 Palestinians, including at least 5 persons with mental retardation or deafness, for allegedly failing to stop at checkpoints or for behaving suspiciously near a checkpoint, although it might not have been apparent to the IDF that these persons were mentally retarded (see Section 1.a.). B'tselem, HDIP, the PRCS, among others stated that the closures and curfews constituted collective punishment. The Israeli Government stated that they are necessary security measures. The IDF fired tank rounds, as well as rockets from helicopters and military aircraft, on targets in cities and towns in the West Bank and Gaza during operations undertaken in response to attacks on Israeli soldiers, settlers, and civilians. In such strikes, the IDF killed at least 93 Palestinians, injured hundreds, and caused significant property damage (see Section 1.a.). On June 9, an Israeli tank shelled the tent of three Bedouin women in Gaza, killing them as they prepared for bed. The IDF had fired two flechette tank shells, and one armor-piercing tank round at the tent after hearing distant light gunfire. A report published in Ha'aretz noted that an internal IDF investigation revealed that soldiers fired from their tanks at the tent after seeing two figures in the dark, 1,400 meters away, despite the fact that their orders authorized them to fire only up to 400 meters. Israeli authorities later stated that the killing of the women was a mistake. Israeli soldiers at times placed Palestinians directly in the line of fire between the soldiers and their targets, or prevented civilians from exiting buildings that were immediately surrounded during armed operations. The IDF stated that they took these actions for the protection of civilians. B'tselem reported one case in which IDF soldiers forced a man to stand between the soldiers and Palestinian gunfire. The Israeli Government's sustained imposition of internal and external closures in the West Bank and Gaza during the year negatively impacted Palestinians and contributed to shortages of basic food, water, and medical care and supplies. A number of NGO's state that these actions constituted collective punishment against a civilian population. The external and internal closures contributed to increased unemployment and poverty in the occupied territories. Approximately 125,000 West Bank and Gaza workers, representing roughly 20 percent of the Palestinian work force, depend on day jobs in Israel, Israeli settlements, and Jerusalem. The closures on Palestinian cities and towns also impeded Palestinians from reaching jobs or markets in the occupied territories and disrupted internal and external trade. The closures, combined with the destruction of large swathes of Palestinian-owned agricultural land and of economic infrastructure by the IDF and settlers, contributed to an adjusted unemployment rate of approximately 38 percent throughout the year. The poverty in the occupied territories was 33 percent at the end of 2000 and was projected to reach 50 percent by the end of the year. The roughly 200,000 Palestinians who live in rural villages especially have been hard hit by all aspects of the closures. Rural villages rarely are self-sustaining communities and do not have the full range of services--such as medical care, education, or municipal provision of water--that larger urban areas have, increasing their isolation when community members are not able to travel outside the area to obtain access to services and provisions. Other rural villages under full Israeli control are further isolated from major Palestinian population centers. The ICRC and various medical organizations stated that the prolonged closure of Palestinian cities has caused significant problems in the delivery of medical care, and that even in some cases in which urgent treatment is critical to life and death, the IDF has prevented patients from passing through checkpoints in order to get treatment. At least 24 persons have died as a result of delays in, or prohibition from, crossing checkpoints to reach medical care. The closures have made it impossible for most patients living outside large cities who need repeated medical treatment, such as dialysis or physical therapy, to reach medical centers on a regular basis. A senior PRCS official noted that more than one-third of Palestinians who had been injured in the Intifada required some type of physical rehabilitation and that at least 10 percent have permanent disabilities. Medical professionals noted that many Palestinians were delaying all but emergency medical care because of the restrictions and economic conditions. Preventative treatment, such as vaccinations, antenatal and postnatal care, and family planning in most cases are postponed; and the number of births at home, in ambulances, and at checkpoints has increased significantly. Medical observers have noted that as the Intifada continued into a second year, the negative consequences will begin to have a significant impact on public health. In one example of a closure-related death, Sabri Amin Awad, a 49-year-old Palestinian man from al-Ras (near Tulkarem), died on June 10 after failing to reach the Nablus hospital in time for his dialysis treatment. IDF troops refused to allow the taxi carrying Awad to proceed through a checkpoint to the hospital, and forced it to take a long detour. While en route, Awad lapsed into a coma and was pronounced dead on arrival at the hospital. During the October incursions into Bethlehem, two different pregnant women were refused passage into the city for medical care while they were in labor. In one case a mother died before giving birth; in the second case, the woman survived, but her newborn child died. Closures and curfews also have affected the provision of emergency medical care. Israeli security services stop and search all ambulances at each checkpoint, which frequently adds life-threatening delays in reaching hospitals. In responding to a call, each ambulance usually proceeds through multiple checkpoints, and has to use substandard local roads if the IDF denies them transit through any of the checkpoints. For example, on September 1, it took 4 hours for a PRCS ambulance to reach Jerusalem from Jericho because of checkpoint delays. Under normal circumstances, the trip takes 45 minutes. Israeli soldiers frequently have harassed and abused Palestinian emergency services staff at the checkpoints (see Section 1.c.). The closures also significantly impede the ability of medical staff to reach work. PRCS estimates that across the territories approximately one-third of all its staff arrive late or must leave early each day because of the difficulties caused by the checkpoints and roadblocks. Israel regularly transfers Palestinians arrested in the occupied territories to prisons and detention facilities in Israel proper (see Section 1.d.). Section 2 Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: a. Freedom of Speech and Press The Israeli Government generally respects freedom of speech in the occupied territories; however, it imposes some forms of censorship and prohibits public expressions of support for Islamic extremist groups. Although the Government and security forces do not target journalists due to their profession, 2 journalists were killed and at least 10 injured while covering events in the occupied territories during the year. During the year, the Israeli Government continued to enforce selectively its standing prohibition on the display in Jerusalem of Palestinian political symbols, such as flags, national colors, and graffiti. Such displays are punishable by fines or imprisonment. Israeli authorities reportedly arrested and temporarily detained several Palestinians and foreign citizens for carrying large Palestinian flags and banners during protests over the closure of Orient House in East Jerusalem in August and September. The protestors subsequently were released. Israeli enforcement of existing censorship regulations increased during the year regarding press coverage of the Intifada. Israeli authorities monitor Arabic newspapers based in East Jerusalem for security-related issues, and newspapers sometimes were ordered to halt publication of stories about the current security situation until the information first appeared in the Israeli media. Military censors review Arabic publications for material related to the public order and security of Israel. Reports by foreign journalists also are subject to review by Israeli military censors for security issues, and the satellite feed used by many foreign journalists is monitored. In periods of heightened security, the Israeli Government often closes areas to journalists when it imposes a curfew or closure. Israeli authorities have denied entry permits to Palestinian journalists traveling to their place of employment in Jerusalem during closures of the territories and the journalists have had difficulty renewing their Israeli issued press credentials (see Section 2.d.). The IDF requires a permit for Palestinian publications sold in areas of the occupied territories under its control. Publications may be censored or banned for content considered anti-Semitic or anti-Israeli. Possession of banned materials is punishable by a fine and imprisonment. The Israeli Government prohibits the delivery and distribution of publications, including newspapers, in the Gaza Strip on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur (when import of any item is prohibited) and on numerous other occasions when the closure of the Gaza Strip is particularly tight. On at least 15 days during the year, usually following major terrorist incidents, the Israelis banned Palestinian daily newspapers from entering Gaza. However, during such periods, Israeli newspapers were allowed into Gaza. During internal closures, on more than 30 occasions, the Israeli Government also blocked the delivery of Palestinian daily newspapers to Palestinian cities in the West Bank. Two journalists were killed during the year, although it did not appear that they were targeted because of their profession. On July 31, two freelance photojournalists, Fahim Qatini and Mohamad Bishawi, were killed during an Israeli attack on two Hamas leaders in Nablus. At least 10 were injured by Israeli gunfire or during Israeli military actions during Intifada-related violence throughout the year (see Section 1.c.). In July the Paris-based organization Reporters Sans Frontieres (RSF) released a statement expressing concern over alleged targeting of journalists by Israeli forces. It noted that since the Intifada began in September 2000, 30 journalists had been shot. RSF further stated that, with one exception, the apparent source of the gunfire was from Israeli positions. In March an IDF soldier beat a Palestinian journalist as the journalist was attempting to report on a sit-in at a checkpoint at Ramallah. Observers commented that it was evident that the journalist was acting in his professional capacity while covering the sit-in. On December 12, Israeli fired rockets from helicopter gunships on Palestine Broadcasting building in Ramallah, causing temporary suspension of its broadcasts. Eight other journalists were wounded by gunfire during the year, four lightly, three moderately, and one seriously (see Section 1.g.). The PA restricts freedom of speech and of the press. In a number of instances during the year, the PA took measures to limit free expression, particularly regarding human rights and alleged security issues. Press freedom is subject to a 1995 press law that does not protect the press adequately. PA security services further stifle the independence of the press by closing media outlets, banning publications or broadcasts, and periodically harassing or detaining members of the media (see Section 1.d.). Palestinian commentators and human rights groups state that, as a result, the practice of self-censorship by journalists is widespread. There are three Palestinian dailies and several Palestinian weekly newspapers. There also are several monthly magazines and three tabloids. In addition to the official Palestinian Broadcast Corporation television and radio, also known as Voice of Palestine, there are approximately 20 independently owned televisions stations and 9 radio stations in the West Bank. The Internet is available widely. In March members of Force 17, Arafat's Presidential Security Force, closed the Ramallah and Gaza bureaus of the al-Jazeera satellite television station because the station refused to remove an old film clip of a protester carrying a picture of Chairman Arafat with a pair of shoes strung across his face, considered a serious insult in Arab culture. The authorities allowed the bureaus to reopen 3 days later. During the year, groups of armed Palestinians beat two journalists and kidnaped two others for a 24-hour period. Two of the three armed groups claimed to be from Fatah. One of the beatings reportedly followed a report by the journalist's syndicate, Agence France-Presse (AFP), that implicated the relative of a high-level Palestinian official in the killing of a Palestinian child. The PA made no arrests in these cases. On September 14, Palestinian police detained five journalists who were covering a demonstration at the Nuseirat refugee camp in Gaza held in honor of Mohammed Hbeisheh, the perpetrator of the September 9 suicide-bomb attack in Nahariya, Israel, which killed three Israelis. The police confiscated their videotapes and film and released the journalists, who included a Reuters photographer and editor, an Associated Press television cameraman, a correspondent for the Abu Dhabi satellite television station, and an AFP photographer, after approximately 11/2 hours. Four of the detained journalists were Palestinian; one was Norwegian. On September 20, Palestinian police and security force members closed al-Ro'ah TV, a local private television station in Bethlehem. Hamdi Farraj, the director of the station, stated that the authorities provided no official reason for the closure. He believed that the closure most likely was in reaction to broadcasts that the station had aired earlier that day reporting on claims of responsibility by a Fatah-affiliated group, the Al-Aqsa Brigades, for an attack the previous day that had killed one Israeli settler and wounded a second. Faraj speculated that the report had embarrassed the PA because it suggested that a group associated with Arafat's Fatah had violated the recently announced Palestinian cease-fire. Israeli-imposed closures, curfews, and military actions severely restricted academic freedom by disrupting the operations of West Bank and Gaza schools, colleges, and universities during the year. Students and staff at all educational levels had difficulty traveling to and from educational facilities because most areas were under some form of internal closure for the entire year. In addition Israeli forces imposed curfews on many Palestinian areas, some for 24 hours a day, for extended periods (see Sections 2.d. and 5). Students from Gaza have been unable to reach West Bank universities since early October 2000, when Israel closed the safe passage route between Gaza and the West Bank. Some Gazan students who were already at West Bank Universities for the 2000-2001 academic year were unable to return home during the summer break because of the closure of the safe passage route. Israeli retaliatory shelling and gunfire damaged a number of schools in the West Bank and Gaza. Palestinian schoolchildren in the Israeli-controlled section (H-2) of Hebron were unable to attend school throughout the 143 days of curfew that the area was under during the year. The 400 Israeli settler residents of H-2, for whose benefit the curfews were imposed, had no restrictions imposed on their movement or on the education of their children (see Section 5). The PA generally has authority over all levels of education in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and it controls the budgets of all public colleges. The PA did not interfere with education in the West Bank and Gaza Strip during the year. b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association The Israeli Government placed limits on freedom of assembly for Palestinians in the occupied territories, largely through the imposition of internal closures and curfews (see Section 2.d.). Israeli military orders ban public gatherings of 10 or more persons without a permit. Since the 1993 signing of the Declaration of Principles, Israel has relaxed enforcement of this rule, except in cases of Palestinian demonstrations against land seizures or settlement expansions. Israeli security forces killed at least 103 Palestinians and injured several thousand during demonstrations and other often violent clashes (see Sections 1.a. and 1.c.). The Israeli and Palestinian authorities regularly dispute whether Palestinians fired at security forces during such demonstrations. The PA states that Israeli security forces often resort to live fire even when Palestinian demonstrators have not shot at them first. During the year, the IDF changed its definition of "life-threatening" situations to include in some cases stone-throwing. The PA imposes some formal limits on freedom of assembly; however, while it requires permits for rallies, demonstrations, and large cultural events, these permits rarely are denied. In Gaza police approval is required for political meetings at several specific large meeting halls. Written permission also is required for buses to transport passengers to attend political meetings. In West Bank cities, the PA requires permits for outdoor rallies and demonstrations and prohibits calls for violence, displays of arms, and racist slogans, although this rarely is enforced. The Israeli Government generally respected freedom of association; however, it closed several Palestinian political institutions in East Jerusalem. On August 10, Israeli forces occupied and closed Orient House, the preeminent Palestinian political institution in Jerusalem, and shut down eight other Palestinian offices and social institutions in East Jerusalem. The closings were part of the government's response to a suicide bombing in Jerusalem the previous day; the Government stated that it closed Orient House because it was engaged in political activity in violation of the Interim Agreement. The other East Jerusalem institutions that were closed included a women's center, a prisoner's rights society, and an historical preservations group. The Israeli police arrested a number of Palestinians and foreign nationals during protests calling for the reopening of Orient House. At the end of August, the Jerusalem municipal government seized the institutions' assets for alleged failure to pay back taxes, while the authorities and attorneys from Orient House still were negotiating the appropriate tax rate. Orient House remained closed at year's end. The PA placed some limits on freedom of association; however, the PA permits Palestinian charitable, community, professional, and self-help organizations to operate. There were periodic complaints during the year from Palestinian political parties, social and professional groups, and other NGO's that the PA attempted to limit their ability to act autonomously. In May low-level officials in the Ministry of Non-Governmental Organizations threatened Palestinian members of a foreign-licensed regional environmental organization with the revocation of their NGO licenses if they continued to participate in the activities of a particular organization. They were told that their seats on a board of directors that had Israeli members was unacceptable in the current political climate. A senior member of the Ministry eventually apologized, and the authorities stopped harassing the activists. The armed wings of Hamas, PIJ, and other Palestinian opposition groups remained outlawed. While it is not illegal to belong to other components of these groups, during times of heightened security concern, the PA has harassed and detained members of these other components (see Section 1.d.). c. Freedom of Religion Israeli law provides for freedom of worship, and the Government generally respects this right in practice in the occupied territories. Israel does not ban any group on religious grounds, and permits all faiths to operate schools and institutions. Religious publications in East Jerusalem are subject to the Publications Laws, including prohibition against the publications, for example, sermons, that incite violence against Israelis or against the state of Israel. However, Israel's imposed closure of the West Bank and Gaza, including the internal closure that severely restricted travel between towns and cities within the occupied territories, significantly impeded freedom of worship for Muslims and Christians. Israeli closure policies prevented tens of thousands of Palestinians from reaching their places of worship in Jerusalem and the West Bank, including during religious holidays such as Ramadan, Christmas, and Easter. In early April, Israeli authorities prevented thousands of Muslims from reaching the Nabi Musa shrine near Jericho, the site of an annual 3-week Muslim celebration. Israeli officials stated that they decided to cancel the religious festival because the PA intended to turn the event into a "political rally." On numerous occasions, the Israeli Government also prevented worshippers under the age of 45 from attending Friday prayers inside the Haram al-Sharif. In addition a number of Palestinian religious leaders were prevented from reaching their congregations. The Israeli Government states that such actions are necessary for security reasons. Since the outbreak of the Intifada, Israeli police have prevented all non-Muslims (including Jews seeking to pray) from entering the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif. The Government has cited security concerns for this restriction. On January 9, Israeli soldiers at a checkpoint in the West Bank fired at the car of Latin Vice-Patriarch and Archbishop of Nazareth Paul Marcuzzo; his car bore diplomatic license plates and was flying the Vatican flag. Archbishop Marcuzzo was not injured in the shooting. The following day, the Israeli Minister of Justice visited Marcuzzo and apologized for the incident. In October the Government of Israel announced that it had arrested the Mufti of Ramallah, interrogated him, and then expelled him from Jerusalem for attempting to attend prayers at al-Aqsa on Friday, September 14, without permission from the Government. The PA has no law that specifically protects religious freedom; however, the PA generally respects religious freedom in practice. Islam is treated as the de facto religion. In past years, there were unconfirmed allegations that a small number of Muslim converts to Christianity were subject to societal discrimination and harassment by PA officials. However, there were no such reports during the year (see Section 5). Churches in Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza may be subdivided into three general categories: 1) churches recognized by the status quo agreements reached under Ottoman rule in the late 19th century; 2) Protestant and evangelical churches that were established between the late 19th century and 1967, which are fully tolerated by the PA, although not officially recognized; and 3) a small number of churches that became active within the last decade, whose legal status is more tenuous. The first group of churches is governed by the 19th century status quo agreements, which the PA respects and which specifically established the presence and rights of the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Assyrian, Greek Catholic, Coptic, and Ethiopian Orthodox Churches. The Episcopal and Lutheran Churches were added later to the list. These churches and their rights were accepted immediately by the PA, just as the British, Jordanians, and Israelis had done before. Like Shari'a courts under Islam, these religious groups are permitted to have ecclesiastical courts whose rulings are considered legally binding on personal status issues and some land issues. Civil courts do not adjudicate on such matters. According to the PA, no other churches have applied for official recognition. However, the second group of churches, including the Assembly of God, Nazarene Church, and some Baptist churches, has unwritten understandings with the PA based on the principles of the status quo agreements. They are permitted to operate freely and are able to perform certain personal status legal functions, such as issuing marriage certificates. The third group of churches consists of a small number of proselytizing churches, including Jehovah's Witnesses and some evangelical Christian groups. These groups have encountered opposition in their efforts to obtain recognition, both from Muslims, who oppose their proselytizing, and Christians, who fear that the new arrivals may disrupt the status quo. These churches generally operate unhindered by the PA. At least one of these churches reportedly planned to request official recognition from the PA during the year; however, it deferred its request after the outbreak of the Intifada in October 2000. In practice the PA requires individuals to be at least nominally affiliated with some religion. Religion must be declared on identification papers, and all personal status legal matters must be handled in either Shari'a or Christian ecclesiastical courts. In the absence of legal protection of religious freedom, there are no statutory or regulatory remedies for violations of that freedom. Islam is the de facto official religion of the Palestinian Authority, and its Islamic institutions and places of worship receive preferential treatment. The PA has a Ministry of Waqf and Religious Affairs that pays for the construction and maintenance of mosques and the salaries of many Palestinian imams. The Ministry also provides some Christian clergymen and Christian charitable organizations with limited financial support. The PA does not provide financial support to any Jewish institutions or holy sites in the occupied territories. The PA requires that religion be taught in PA schools. Until recently, only courses on Islam were taught, and Christian students were excused from them. However, during the year, the PA implemented a compulsory curriculum that requires the study of Christianity for Christian students in grades one through six. Since the outbreak of the Intifada, Waqf officials have prohibited non-Muslims from entering the sanctuary of the Haram al-Sharif. Waqf officials stated that this is a temporary closure because they cannot justify allowing non-Muslims to visit the Haram at a time when Palestinian Muslims from the occupied territories are prevented from worshiping there. On April 8, Israeli settlers vandalized the al-Aqtat mosque in Hebron and desecrated religious literature. On a number of occasions, Muslims on the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif threw stones at Jews who were praying at the Western Wall below (see Section 5). In October 2000, following the IDF evacuation from the Jewish religious site of Joseph's Tomb, approximately 1,000 Palestinian protesters entered the religious site, burned it, and damaged the roof and an outer wall in an unsuccessful attempt to demolish the tomb (see Section 5). The PA states that they have completed the refurbishment of Joseph's Tomb, but has not indicated whether it will allow Jews to return to the Tomb. d. Freedom of Movement Within the Occupied Territories, Foreign Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation The Israeli Government severely restricted freedom of movement for Palestinians during the year, in response to the continuing violence of the Intifada. Most Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza were prohibited from entering Israel throughout the year, and the IDF instituted a massive network of checkpoints and roadblocks across the occupied territories, impeding the movement of people and goods between Palestinian cities, villages, and towns. The restrictions on movement during the year were the most severe that Israel has imposed since it occupied East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza in 1967. Since March 1993, Israel has required that all West Bank and Gaza residents obtain permits to enter Israel and Jerusalem. However, Israel often denies applicants permits with no explanation, and does not allow effective means of appeal. Palestinian officials with VIP passes, including PA cabinet officials and members of the Palestinian Council, regularly have been subjected to long delays and searches at Israeli checkpoints in the West Bank, despite the fact that they were traveling on special passes issued by the Israeli Government. This practice increased markedly during the year. Even in periods before the Intifada, Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip found it difficult to obtain permits to work, visit, study, or obtain medical care in Israel. Israeli authorities permit only a small number of Gazans to bring vehicles into Israel and sometimes do not permit West Bank vehicles to enter Jerusalem or Israel. Except for senior PA officials, Palestinians of all ages crossing between the Gaza Strip and Israel are not permitted to travel by car across the main checkpoint. Instead, they must travel along a narrow walkway almost a mile long. Israelis moving into and out of the Gaza Strip are permitted to use their cars. Israeli officials sometimes prohibit Palestinian residents of Jerusalem from entering the West Bank. Israeli authorities also require that these Palestinian residents provide written notice to the Israeli Government if they intend to travel to the Gaza Strip; however, provision of such notice does not ensure that the Government will permit the travel. In November 1999, Israel and the PA implemented arrangements in the 1995 Interim Agreement to establish a safe passage route across Israel between the Gaza Strip and the southern West Bank. The southern safe passage route was closed in October 2000, in response to the outbreak of the Intifada. Prior to its closing, the southern safe passage route facilitated the movement of Palestinians between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip to work, study, and visit, and alleviated some of the problems associated with freedom of movement for Palestinians. However, some Palestinian human rights groups criticized the safe passage agreement because it maintains significant limits on freedom of movement. Also since March 1993, Israel has applied varying levels of "closure," or enhanced restrictions, on the movement of Palestinians and their goods, often for lengthy periods, in response to Palestinian terrorist attacks and other changing security conditions. During periods of violent protest in the West Bank or Gaza, or when it believes that there is an increased likelihood of such unrest, the Israeli Government imposes a tightened version of closure, called "comprehensive, external" closure. Comprehensive closures also are instituted regularly during major Israeli holidays. During such closures, the Israel Government cancels travel permits and prevents Palestinians--even those with valid work permits--from entering Israel or Jerusalem. During comprehensive closures, the authorities severely restrict the movement of goods between Israel and the occupied territories and between the West Bank and Gaza. Due to the ongoing unrest, Israel imposed at least 210 days of total closure during the year, compared with 88 days in 2000 and 15 days in 1999. During periods of extreme unrest in the West Bank and Gaza, the Israeli Government also prohibits most travel between towns and villages within the West Bank. These "internal" closures impede the flow of goods, including food and fuel, and persons. Israel expanded internal closure further during the year, in response to the sustained violence of the Intifada. The internal closures may be severe when Palestinians are prohibited from using primary roads and physical barricades close off many secondary roads--or partial when most secondary roads but only some main roads are accessible to Palestinians, and roadblocks and checkpoints dot the open roads. Israel authorities imposed approximately 87 days of partial internal closure and 278 days of severe internal closure in the West Bank during the year, compared with 81 days of internal closure during 2000 and no days in 1999. In the past, Israeli authorities rarely imposed internal closure within Gaza. However, during the year, the Israeli government imposed roughly 361 days of limited internal closure and 4 days of severe internal closure in Gaza. The Israeli Government further constrained the movement of Palestinians and goods in the West Bank and Gaza by imposing total closures on specific areas or villages, sometimes for weeks at a time, and by intermittently closing the Gaza Airport and the Allenby and Rafah crossing points to Jordan and Egypt. Israel also imposed curfews in some areas, often for extended periods. During the curfews, Palestinians generally were confined to their homes for all but a few hours per week during which they were allowed to buy food and other provisions. The IDF placed the approximately 30,000 Palestinian residents of the Israeli-controlled (H-2) section of Hebron under near total curfew for 143 days during the year. The IDF imposed no restrictions on the approximately 400 Jewish settlers who live in the area. The prolonged closures and curfews imposed by the Government of Israel on Palestinian cities and towns during the year had a severely negative impact on every sector of the Palestinian economy. They impeded Palestinians from reaching jobs or markets and disrupted internal and external trade (see Section 1.g.). The prolonged closure also affected students' ability to attend school and university (see Sections 2.a. and 5.). B'tselem, HDIP, and the PRCS, among others stated that the closures and curfews constituted collective punishment. The Israeli Government states that they are necessary security measures (see Section 1.g.). Human rights groups reported that during the year the IDF delayed or prohibited ambulances from crossing checkpoints (see Section 1.g.). In 1998 the Israeli Government established a "continuous employment program" that allows selected Palestinian workers who have been approved by the Ministry of Defense, and who are married, are over 28 years old, and have worked in Israel for a long period of time, to enter Israel to work even in the event of a tightened closure. The program was not implemented during the year. The Israeli Government continued to restrict the movements of several Jewish settlers living in the occupied territories who belonged to the extremist Kach or Kahane Chai groups, through the use of administrative orders issued by the IDF central command. The Israeli Government requires all Palestinian residents to obtain permits for foreign travel and has restricted the travel of some political activists. Bridge-crossing permits to Jordan may be obtained at post offices without a screening process. Palestinians who live in East Jerusalem, which Israel occupied during the 1967 War, generally do not accept Israeli citizenship. Therefore, the Israeli Government issues them a residence permit or Jerusalem identification card. Israel applies the 1952 Law of Permanent Residency and its 1974 amendments to Jerusalem identification card holders. The law stipulates that a Jerusalem resident loses the right of residence if he or she leaves Israeli territory for more than 7 years, acquires the nationality of another country, or acquires permanent residence in another country. Such persons are permitted to return only as tourists and sometimes are denied entry. The Israeli Government does not apply these same restrictions to Israeli citizens. In the past, invoking the 1952 law as legal justification, the Israeli Interior Ministry stripped residency rights from hundreds of East Jerusalem Palestinians. In the late 1990's, the pace of revocations increased as the Ministry applied restricted policies, including a "center of life" test, which required extensive documentation of continuous residence within Jerusalem for the previous 7 years, to determine whether Palestinians were eligible to retain their identification cards. The Ministry's policy was the subject of numerous lawsuits, including one considered by the High Court of Justice in 1999. In October 1999, then-Minister of Interior Natan Sharansky announced that the Ministry no longer would apply the center of life criteria used previously to revoke the residency rights of East Jerusalem Palestinians. As of the end of August, there had been at least 60 identity card revocations, compared with 207 revocations in 2000, and 414 revocations in 1999. In February 2000, the Israeli Ministry of Interior also published new instructions regarding residency rights in Jerusalem. According to these instructions, residents of Israel whose identity cards had been revoked since 1995 and who returned to live in Israel since 1998 and had maintained "an appropriate connection," were entitled to restoration of their identity cards. Although the new guidelines still permit the revocation of residency in cases in which East Jerusalem Palestinians obtained new citizenship or residency rights while living abroad, human rights groups report a significant reduction in such revocations. As of the end of August, there had been 236 identity cards restored during the year; 818 were restored in 2000. Israeli authorities also place restrictions on family reunification. Most Palestinians who were abroad before or during the 1967 War, or who have lost their residence permits for other reasons since then, are not permitted to reside permanently with their families in Jerusalem or the occupied territories. Foreign-born spouses and children of Palestinian residents also experience difficulty in obtaining permission to reside with their family members. For example, a Palestinian with a West Bank identification card must apply to the Israeli Government for permission to live with his or her Jerusalem-resident spouse in Jerusalem. Palestinians report delays of several years or more before spouses are granted residency permits. The Israeli Government occasionally issues limited-duration permits, which must be renewed. Renewing the permits may take up to 8 months, a common delay that results in many Palestinians falling out of status. Palestinians also report extensive delays in registering newborn children with Israeli authorities. In practice, women with Jerusalem residence rights find it more difficult to obtain permission for their spouses to reside in Jerusalem than do men, since Israeli security authorities consider Palestinian males to be greater security risks. The PA issues passports and identification cards for Palestinians who reside in the West Bank and Gaza, and the Israeli Government requires residents of the West Bank and Gaza to use their Palestinian passports to exit and enter Israel. Bearers of Palestinian passports do not need special exit permits from the PA; however, when leaving the area via Ben Gurion Airport, the Israeli Government requires Palestinians to obtain permits to transit Israel to reach the airport. Since the beginning of the Intifada in September 2000, the Israeli Government rarely has granted such permits to Palestinians unless the applicant is a dual national. However, even dual nationals, in particular residents of Gaza, have had difficulty in obtaining the needed transit permits. Palestinian residents of the West Bank and Gaza are prohibited from using the Sheikh Hussein or Arava crossings. As a result, most Palestinians who are not dual nationals can exit and enter the West Bank and Gaza only via the Allenby Bridge or Rafah crossing points, which were closed completely several times during the year. Palestinians who hold Jerusalem identification cards, issued by the Israeli Government, must obtain special travel documents from the Israeli Government to travel abroad. Human rights groups report that Palestinian residents of East Jerusalem often do not apply for Israeli travel documents because they fear that the application might prompt a reexamination of their residency status and lead to the revocation of their identity cards. On request, the Jordanian Government also issues travel documents to Palestinians in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Palestinians who wish to travel to Jordan must leave their Israeli identification documents with Israeli authorities at the Allenby Bridge. The Israeli authorities also require that Palestinians from East Jerusalem obtain a special permit to cross the Allenby Bridge, which they must purchase from the Ministry of Interior for $40 (185 NIS). Restrictions on residence, reentry, and family reunification only apply to Palestinian residents of the occupied territories. The PA generally does not restrict freedom of movement. Section 3 Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government Palestinian residents of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem chose their first popularly elected government in 1996. They elected an 88-member Palestinian Council and the Ra'iis (President or Chairman) of the Executive Authority of the Council. Yasir Arafat won almost 89 percent of the vote in a two-person race for Chairman. Approximately 700 candidates competed for Council seats. Voters elected Council members to multimember electoral districts. As many as 35 of the elected members were independent candidates. International observers concluded that the election could reasonably be regarded as generally free and fair, despite some irregularities. During the year, the Council debated numerous draft laws and resolutions. Some members of the Council state that it has a relative lack of power in relation to the executive branch of government. The last municipal elections in the West Bank and Gaza took place in 1986. New elections were planned for June 1999, but they did not take place. In August 2000, the Fatah Central Committee (FCC) appointed a committee to devise a plan for holding local elections before year's end. Although the Ministry of Local Government supported the idea, Arafat and the PLO Central Committee did not endorse the proposal actively before the outbreak of the Intifada in September 2000. Incumbent municipal officials serve until the following elections. In the case of the death or resignation of an incumbent, the Ministry of Local Government appoints a replacement, with the approval of the PA Chairman. Most Palestinians in East Jerusalem do not recognize the jurisdiction of the municipality of Jerusalem. Only a very small percentage of Jerusalem's Palestinian population vote in the municipal council elections. No Palestinian resident of Jerusalem sits on the city council. The percentage of women in government and politics in the West Bank and Gaza does not correspond to their percentage of the population. There are 5 women on the 88-member Council, and 1 woman serves in a ministerial-level position. Section 4 Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights Israeli, Palestinian, and international NGO's monitor the Israeli Government's human rights practices. The Israeli Government generally cooperates with human rights and humanitarian NGO's; officials normally agree to meet with human rights monitors. The Israeli Government permits human rights groups to publish and hold press conferences. UNRWA has reported increased delays for its personnel and vehicles at crossing checkpoints. Other humanitarian groups, such as PRCS, also similar problems. During their seizure of the Orient House, Israeli security officials confiscated office equipment, as well as documents belonging to the organization and other Palestinian groups in Jerusalem. The Government of Israel had not provided representatives of the Orient House a full accounting of the documents and property seized by year's end. Local human rights groups, most of which are Palestinian, and several international organizations monitor the PA's human rights practices. The PA generally cooperates with these organizations, and PA officials usually meet with their representatives. Several Palestinian human rights organizations work privately with the PA to overcome abusive practices in certain areas, and state that the PA generally is cooperative when dealing with them regarding certain human rights issues. They also publish criticism if they believe that the PA is not responding adequately to private encouragement. Public criticism has been somewhat less forthcoming from them since the outbreak of the Intifada, with several NGO's voluntarily deciding to focus their efforts on the Palestinian struggle for basic rights and to defer comprehensive critiques of the PA's human rights performance. Human rights organizations reported that they sometimes were denied access to detainees in Palestinian prisons during the year (see Section 1.d.). Observers have noted that due partly to the hesitancy of alleged victims to file or make public claims of abuse against the PA authorities, documentation of abuses is very limited. Some PA security organizations, including the General Intelligence Organization in the West Bank and the police, have appointed officials to act as liaisons with human rights groups. These officers meet with human rights organizations and members of the diplomatic community to discuss human rights cases. The ICRC operates in the West Bank and Gaza under the terms of a memorandum of understanding signed in September 1996 between the ICRC and the PLO. Other human rights groups, including the Palestinian Independent Commission for Citizens' Rights and the Mandela Institute, also visit PA prisons and detention centers on a regular basis. Some human rights and international humanitarian organizations reported that they occasionally encountered delays in obtaining access to detainees in Palestinian prisons during the year. PA officials reportedly are less responsive to queries regarding the PA's policies toward and treatment of collaborators and members of Islamist opposition groups than to queries on other detainees (see Sections 1.c. and 1.d.). In January 2000, Chairman Arafat approved the NGO law, which had been passed by the PLC in December 1998, and which governs the activities of NGO's and their relations with the PA. By year's end, the Government of Israel had issued registration certificates for 150 of the approximately 350 new and existing NGO's that submitted applications. The remaining applications still were under review. In May low-level officials in the Ministry of Non-Governmental Organizations threatened Palestinian members of a foreign licensed regional organization with the revocation of their NGO license. The Ministry informed the members that their place on a board of directors that had Israeli members was unacceptable in the current political climate. A senior member of the Ministry eventually apologized, and the authorities stopped harassing the activists (see Section 2.d.). Section 5 Discrimination Based on Race, Sex, Religion, Disability, Language, or Social Status Under the complex mixture of laws and regulations that apply to the occupied territories, Palestinians are disadvantaged under Israeli law and practices compared with the treatment received by Israeli settlers. This includes discrimination in residency and land use. In the Palestinian territories homosexuals generally are socially marginalized, and occasionally receive physical threats. During the year, in one widely publicized case, after one homosexual man reportedly received a number of threats he left the territories to live in Israel; however, he is ineligible for Israeli citizenship. Women The law does not explicitly prohibit domestic violence, but beating is a crime; however, there are anecdotal reports indicate that domestic violence has risen during the Intifadah. The problems of rape, domestic violence, and violence related to "family honor" have gained greater attention in the Palestinian community as a result of a significant effort by Palestinian women's groups; however, public discussion generally remains muted. The crimes almost exclusively are tied to alleged sexual interactions of female family members with men who are not their husbands. This could include rape, a sexual encounter with any man except a woman's husband, being seen alone with a male not her family member. Honor crimes result when family members beat or kill women in response to such alleged violations of their family's honor. Victims of violence often are encouraged by relatives to remain quiet and are punished themselves or blamed for the "shame" that has been brought upon them and their families. Women's groups seek to educate women on these problems, but women's rights advocates state that few resources are available to shelter the victims of violence because women's shelters are not accepted culturally in Palestinian society. They also maintain that society has not been receptive to providing counseling or outreach services to victims of violence, which these advocates see as more widespread than is acknowledged. According to women's groups, there are no reliable data on the incidence of violence against women. Spousal abuse, sexual abuse, and "honor killings" occur, but societal pressures prevent most incidents from being reported and most cases are handled within the families concerned, usually by male family members. However, there are increasing anecdotal reports from women's and humanitarian groups that the incidence of domestic abuse has risen significantly during the Intifada. Rape is illegal; however, it occurs. No figures are available regarding the extent of the problem. Spousal rape is not explicitly prohibited. Palestinian women endure various forms of social prejudice and repression within their own society. Due to early marriages, some girls, especially in rural areas, do not finish the mandatory level of schooling. Cultural restrictions at times prevent women from attending colleges and universities. Women who marry outside of their faith, particularly Christian women who marry Muslim men, often are disowned by their families and sometimes are harassed and threatened with death by members of their community. Local officials sometimes attempt to convince such women to leave their communities in order to protect themselves. Before the Intifada began in October 2000, a growing number of Palestinian women were working outside the home, where they often encountered discrimination and occasionally experienced sexual harassment. There are no special laws that provide for women's rights in the workplace. Women are underrepresented in most aspects of professional life. Despite the fact that there is a small group of women who are prominent in politics, medicine, law, teaching, and NGO's, women for the most part are seriously underrepresented in the decision-making positions in these fields. Personal status law for Palestinians is based on religious law. For Muslim Palestinians, personal status law is derived from Shari'a (Islamic law). The varied ecclesiastical courts rule on personal status issues for Christians. In the West Bank and Gaza, Shari'a pertaining to women is part of the Jordanian Status Law of 1976, which includes inheritance and marriage laws. Under the law, women inherit less than male members of the family do. The marriage law allows men to take more than one wife, although few do so. Women are permitted to make "stipulations" in the marriage contract to protect them in the event of divorce and questions of child custody; however, only an estimated 1 percent of women take advantage of this provision, leaving most women at a disadvantage in the areas of divorce or child custody. Ecclesiastical courts also often favor men over women in divorce and child custody cases. While there is an active women's movement in the West Bank, serious attention has shifted only recently from nationalist aspirations to issues that greatly affect women, such as domestic violence, equal access to education and employment, and laws concerning marriage and inheritance. Children The PA provides for compulsory education through the ninth grade, when children usually reach 15 years of age. However, early marriage in certain sectors of society at times prevents girls from completing the mandatory level of schooling. Especially in rural areas and refugee camps, boys often leave school before they reach the mandatory age in order to help support their families. The internal closure across the occupied territories significantly impeded the ability of both students and teachers to reach educational facilities (see Section 2.a. and 2.d.). In areas under curfew, all classes were cancelled. Numerous education and health care professionals acknowledged that students were affected badly by the violent security situation, which interfered with learning and which was manifesting itself in lack of focus, nightmares, daytime and nighttime incontinence, and other behavioral problems. UNWRA reported that test scores in its West Bank and Gaza schools had dropped measurably in during the year. Palestinian schoolchildren in the Israeli-controlled section (H-2) of Hebron have been unable to attend school throughout the 143 days of curfew that the area was under during the year. The Hebron municipality tried to compensate for the lost schooldays by broadcasting some lessons on the local television station. The 400 Israeli settler residents of H-2, for whose benefit the curfews were imposed, had no restrictions imposed on their movement or on the education of their children. The PA Ministry of Health provides for children's immunizations. The PA insurance program provides basic medical care for children, for a small monthly fee. Child abuse is not prohibited explicitly by law; however, abuse exists but is not a widespread problem. Parents or families that fail to protect children from abuse may be penalized by law. PA courts may provide protections for children in "difficult situations," including cases of neglect or abuse. The Ministry of Social Affairs may intervene by bringing a case before a court, which would decide how to best protect the child. The judge may decide to place a child in an official protective institution, or with an alternate family. There is one protective institution for children in Gaza and one in the West Bank. British Mandate, Jordanian, and military laws, from which West Bank and Gaza law is derived, offer protection to children under the Labor and Penal Codes. Existing laws designed to protect children, such as a law that sets the minimum employment age, are not always enforced (see Section 6.d.). While there is no juvenile court system, judges specializing in children's cases generally sit for juvenile offenders. In cases in which the child is the victim, judges have the discretion to remove the child from a situation considered harmful. However, the system is not advanced in the protection it affords children. Palestinians living in East Jerusalem continue to be discriminated against in terms of their access to municipal services compared to other residents of Jerusalem. According to the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRA), the Government of Israel and the municipality have not kept their pledge to the High Court to build three new infant-care clinics in East Jerusalem. In addition East Jerusalem schools remain underfunded and overcrowded, and many students are denied an education in public schools due to lack of space. The Government agreed to build 245 new classrooms within the next 4 years in order to alleviate this problem; however, no funds were budgeted for this purpose during the year, and the 2002 budget included only enough funds for 60 new classrooms. International and domestic NGO's, including UNICEF, Save the Children, and Defense for Children International, promote the rights and welfare of children in the occupied territories. There also are numerous Palestinian social welfare organizations that focus on developing and providing educational, medical, and cultural services to children. A number of other groups specialize in addressing the needs of children with disabilities. Persons with Disabilities There is no mandated accessibility to public facilities in the occupied territories under either Israeli law or Palestinian authority. Many Palestinians with disabilities are segregated and isolated from Palestinian society; they are discriminated against in most spheres, including education, employment, transportation, and access to public buildings and facilities. There were approximately 130,000 Palestinians with disabilities in the West Bank and Gaza prior to the outbreak of the current Intifada. The Health, Development, Information, and Policy Institute estimates that approximately one-tenth of the Palestinians injured in the Intifada will have permanent disabilities. Some Palestinian institutions care for and train persons with disabilities; however, their efforts are consistently under-funded. Religious Minorities Relations between Christians and Muslims generally are amicable. However, tensions do occasionally surface. The Israeli press has reported several unconfirmed instances of tensions between those groups. In May and June, Israeli press reports accused Tanzim militia members of deliberately opening fire on the Israeli neighborhood of Gilo from Christian areas in Beit Jala in order to draw IDF fire onto the Christian homes. In response to inquiries, several Palestinian Christian leaders in the area denied that the shooting was motivated by anti-Christian sentiments, although some have indicated that they may have done so under duress. In past years, there were unconfirmed allegations that a small number of Muslim converts to Christianity were subject to societal discrimination and harassment by PA officials. However, there were no reports of such harassment during the year. On April 8, Israeli settlers vandalized the al-Aqtat Mosque in Hebron and desecrated religious literature. On a number of occasions, Palestinians on the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif threw stones at Jews who were praying at the Western Wall below. Section 6 Worker Rights a. The Right of Association Labor affairs in the West Bank and Gaza came under Palestinian responsibility with the signing of the Interim Agreement in September 1995. During the year, labor affairs in the West Bank were governed by Jordanian Law 21 of 1965, as amended by Israeli military orders, and in Gaza by PA decisions. On May 2, Arafat signed a labor law that was scheduled to take effect in January 2002; however, it reportedly faced strong resistance from the Palestinian business community, which could delay its implementation. The Palestinian law permits workers to establish and join unions without government authorization. The previous Israeli requirement that all proposed West Bank unions apply for a permit no longer is enforced. Israeli authorities previously licensed approximately 35 of the estimated 185 union branches currently in existence. Following a process to consolidate trade unions in the West Bank, there were 12 trade unions there. No unions were dissolved by administrative or legislative action during the year. Palestinian workers in Jerusalem are governed by Israeli labor law. They are free to establish their own unions. Although the Israeli Government restricts unions in Jerusalem from joining West Bank trade union federations, this restriction has not been enforced. Individual Palestinian workers in Jerusalem may belong simultaneously to unions affiliated with West Bank federations and the Israeli Histadrut Labor Federation. West Bank unions are not affiliated with the Israeli Histadrut Federation. Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza who work in Israel or Jerusalem are not full members of Histadrut, but they are required to contribute 1 percent of their wages to Histadrut. Their partial membership entitles them to limited benefits, including compensation in the case of on-the-job injuries, maternity leave, and compensation in the case the employer declares bankruptcy. (Full members of Histadrut also receive health insurance, social security benefits, pensions, and unemployment benefits.) Negotiations between Histadrut and West Bank union officials to return half of this fee to the Palestinian Union Federation were completed in 1996, but funds have yet to be transferred. The great majority of West Bank and Gaza unions belong to the Palestinian General Federation of Trade Unions (PGFTU). The PGFTU was involved in the completion of the negotiations with Histadrut regarding workers' fees. The reorganization of unions under the PGFTU is intended to enable the West Bank and Gaza unions to better represent the union members' interests. An estimated 95,000 to 100,000 workers in the West Bank are members of the PGFTU, the largest union bloc, which consists of 12 trade unions in the West Bank and 8 in Gaza. The organization has approximately 46,500 members in Gaza. The PGFTU estimates that actual organized membership, i.e., dues-paying members, includes approximately 30 percent of all Palestinian workers. Palestinian unions that seek to strike must submit to arbitration by the PA Ministry of Labor. If the union disagrees with the final arbitration and strikes, a tribunal of senior judges appointed by the PA decides what, if any, disciplinary action is to be taken, such as a fine. There are no laws in the occupied territories that specifically protect the rights of striking workers. In practice such workers have little or no protection from an employer's retribution. There were no reported labor strikes during the year. The PGFTU participates in some programs of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), but is not a member. b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively A majority of workers in the occupied territories are self-employed or unpaid family helpers in agriculture or commerce. Only 35 percent of employment in the occupied territories consists of wage jobs. Most of such employment is through the U.N. Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), the PA, or municipalities. Collective bargaining is protected. Labor disputes are adjudicated by committees of 3 to 5 members in businesses employing more than 20 workers. Existing laws and regulations do not offer real protection against antiunion discrimination. There are no export processing zones in the occupied territories. c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor PA law does not prohibit specifically forced or compulsory labor, including forced and bonded labor by children, but there were no reports of such practices during the year. d. Status of Child Labor Practices and Minimum Age for Employment The minimum legal working age in the West Bank and Gaza is 15 years, and there are special limits governing the conditions of employment for juveniles between 15 and 18 years, including prohibitions against working at night, under conditions of hard labor, or in jobs that require them to travel outside their area of domicile. However, in practice many Palestinian children under the age of 15 are engaged in some form of work. Many children under the age of 12 are engaged in some work activities. Most such employment is believed to involve work on family farms and in family shops, or as urban street vendors. Some employment of children also reportedly occurs in small manufacturing enterprises, such as shoe and textile factories. The PA's capacity to enforce existing labor laws is limited. It has only 40 labor inspectors to inspect an estimated 65,000 enterprises. The International Labor Organization and UNICEF are working with the PA to study the nature and extent of the problem and to develop the capacity to enforce and update child labor laws. The law does not prohibit specifically forced and bonded labor by children, but there were no reports that it occurred (see Section 6.c.). e. Acceptable Conditions of Work There is no minimum wage in the West Bank or Gaza Strip. Prior to the outbreak of the Intifada in September 2000, which severely disrupted employment patters for the majority of working Palestinians, the average wage for full-time workers appeared to provide a worker and family with a decent standard of living. In the West Bank, the normal workweek is 48 hours in most areas; in Gaza the workweek is 45 hours for day laborers and 40 hours for salaried employees. There is no effective enforcement of maximum workweek laws. The PA Ministry of Labor is responsible for inspecting workplaces and enforcing safety standards in the West Bank and Gaza; however, the Ministry's ability to enforce the standard has always been limited due to lack of resources for inspections and other constraints. During the year, the Ministry reported that closures further limited its ability to carry out inspections. The Ministry of Labor states that new factories and workplaces meet international health and safety standards but that older ones fail to meet such standards. There is no specific legal protection afforded workers that allows them to remove themselves from an unhealthy or unsafe work setting without risking loss of employment. Like all Israeli workers, Palestinians who work in Israel are required to contribute to the National Insurance Institute (NII), which provides unemployment insurance and other benefits. Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza are eligible for some, but not all, NII benefits. According to the Interim Agreement, Palestinians who work in Israel and Jerusalem benefit from NII in cases of injuries occurring in Israel, the bankruptcy of a worker's employer, and allowances for maternity leave. There are outstanding cases of Palestinian workers who have attempted to sue their Israeli employers for non-payment of wages but are unable to travel to the relevant courts because they are unable to receive the proper permits. f. Trafficking in Persons Palestinian law does not prohibit trafficking in persons; however, there were no reports that persons were trafficked to, from, or within the occupied territories. Updates \| Frequent Questions \| Contact Us \| Email this Page \| Subject Index \| Search The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs, manages this site as a portal for information from the U.S. State Department. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. 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0.999998	Write a letter to your elected officials introducing yourself and your business. Be sure to mention your impact on your local community. Important Bills Federal - S 3533 A bill authorize and establish minimum standards for electronic and remote notarizations that occur in or affect interstate commerce, to require any Federal court located in a State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce, and to require any State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce or when the notarization was performed under or relates to a public act, record, or judicial proceeding of the State in which the notary public was commissioned. Federal - HR 6364 A bill to authorize and establish minimum standards for electronic and remote notarizations that occur in or affect interstate commerce, to require any Federal court located in a State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce, and to require any State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce or when the notarization was performed under or relates to a public act, record, or judicial proceeding of the State in which the notary public was commissioned. Federal - S 1463 A bill to establish a scorekeeping rule to ensure that increases in guarantee fees of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac shall not be used to offset provisions that increase the deficit. Federal - HR 5931 A bill to require a review of the effects of FHA mortgage insurance policies, practices, and products on small-dollar mortgage lending, and for other purposes. Federal - HR 4351 A bill to require certain grantees under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 to submit a plan to track discriminatory land use policies, and for other purposes. Federal - HR 5055 A bill to amend the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 to prohibit the use of guarantee fees as offsets. Federal - S 540 A bill to provide minimum standards for transactions secured by a dwelling, and for other purposes. Federal - HR 2445 A bill to provide minimum standards for transactions secured by a dwelling, and for other purposes. Federal - HR 2210 A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal certain provisions applicable to foreign investment in United States real property. Find Your Elected Officials Go By responding to a Call to Action alert from MAA, opening an email from MAA, registering for an MBA conference or contributing to MBA’s political action committee (MORPAC), you are agreeing to renew your membership in MAA for one year (365 days) from the date of your action. Please note that you may terminate your membership at any time by emailing [email protected]. There are no membership dues.
0.994534	Nicaragua Closes International Airport, Bahamas Presents Economic Reactivation Plan and Guatemala Extends State of Calamity 1 mayo 2020 CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN On April 29, Nicaragua announced its first measures to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic with the announcement on the part of the Executive branch that Managua International Airport will remain closed, although no regulations have been issued to support this. Guatemala has extended the State of Public Calamity for 30 days, and the Bahamas has announced a plan to reactivate its economy once the pandemic is over. Bahamas Prime Minister Hubert Minnis has announced a plan to reopen the economy in five phases “gradually and deliberately”, explaining that at each stage, mandatory health and social distancing protocols will be enforced. “We must have the flexibility to make changes quickly and tighten restrictions if the reproduction rate does not move in the right direction,” he said. The plan, recommended by the National COVID-19 Coordination Committee involves the following stages: in the first one, the idea is to completely open up essential services, public services and construction. In the second stage, services that are already operating partially will be further extended on the rest of the country’s islands. The third phase envisages the full reopening of non-essential operations, while the fourth will see the reopening of restaurants, cinemas and cultural events. Ultimately, tourism-related activities will resume and the borders will be reopened. However, the Prime Minister did not give specific dates for the implementation of each phase. Nicaragua The Vice President of Nicaragua, Rosario Murillo, announced today that the Government intends to introduce new security measures to combat COVID-19, including the use of facemasks and social distancing. Murillo reported that the new measures include the disinfection of “interurban, urban, and interdepartmental public transport, bus stops, markets, study and work centers, houses and neighborhoods.” On the other hand, it was confirmed that Managua International Airport will be closed until further notice, although the regulations do not envisage closing all airports in general. The announcement came after it was confirmed that the third victim of COVID-19 in the country was an airport employee. Murillo explained on a more hopeful note that they would be taking steps to promote domestic tourism. “Visiting different districts and doing tourism is a way of helping the country,” she said. Guatemala The Executive branch today decreed an extension of the state of calamity for another 30 days due to the COVID-19 pandemic and authorized purchases of, or contracts for, imported goods and supplies related to the declaration of the state of calamity. This decree is already in effect, although it may be modified by Congress. The declaration signed by President Alejandro Giammattei extends the validity of decrees 5-2020, 6-2020 and 7-2020, the first of which establishes the state of calamity, followed by a series of amendments regarding health and traffic licences. The third provision extended the state of emergency, now extended again at the request of the President. Noticias Relacionadas América Latina respalda informe de la ONU resaltando necesidad de tomar medidas para reducir emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero Cuando el disenso democrático pasa a ser “intento desestabilizador”: las nuevas amenazas a la libertad de asociación en Centroamérica y México Trinidad and Tobago Announce Economic Plans: Bars to Reopen as of Next Week in Jamaica St. Lucia Issues Regulation, El Salvador Prohibits Alcohol Industry Operations, Guatemala Extends Curfew
0.999872	Go to…Home Categories - Ransomware - Vulnerabilities - Exploits - Targeted Attacks - Deep Web - Mobile - Internet of Things - Malware - Bad Sites - Spam - Botnets - Social - Open source Home Categories Ransomware Vulnerabilities Exploits Targeted Attacks Deep Web Mobile Internet of Things Malware Bad Sites Spam Botnets Social Open source Home » Bad Sites » CrypMIC Ransomware Wants to Follow CryptXXX’s Footsteps CrypMIC Ransomware Wants to Follow CryptXXX’s Footsteps Posted on:July 20, 2016 at 1:57 am Posted in:Bad Sites, Exploits, Ransomware Author: Trend Micro 0 By Kawabata Kohei They say imitation is the sincerest form of flattery. Take the case of CrypMIC—detected by Trend Micro as RANSOM_CRYPMIC—a new ransomware family that mimics CryptXXX in terms of entry point, ransom notes and payment site UIs. CrypMIC’s perpetrators are possibly looking for a quick buck owing to the recent success of CryptXXX. Figure 1. A side-by-side comparison of CrypMIC (left) and CryptXXX’s (right) ransom notes and user interfaces of their payment sites. CrypMIC and CryptXXX share many similarities; both are spread by the Neutrino Exploit Kit and use the same format for sub-versionID/botID (U[6digits] / UXXXXXX]) and export function name (MS1, MS2). Both threats also employed a custom protocol via TCP Port 443 to communicate with their command-and-control (C&C) servers. Upon closer look, CrypMIC and CryptXXX differ in source codes and capabilities. For instance, CrypMIC does not append an extension name to files it encrypts, making it trickier to determine which files have been held in ransom. They also differ in the use of compilers and obfuscation methods. CrypMIC has a VM check routine and sends that information to its C&C. Here is a table of comparison that highlights their similarities and differences: CrypMIC CryptXXX 4.001 / 5.001 Attack Vectors Malvertising, compromised websites Malvertising, compromised websites Exploit Kit Neutrino Neutrino File Name and Type Randomly named DLL file (rad{randomhexcharacters}.tmp.dll when dropped by Neutrino) Randomly named DLL file (rad{randomhexcharacters}.tmp.dll when dropped by Neutrino) Encryption Algorithms AES-256 (touted to be RSA 4096 in the ransom notes) RSA and RC4 combination Number of File Types Encrypted 901 933 (4.001 and 5.001) Appended Extension Name None Replaces original file name to random hex characters: {32 hexadecimal characters}.{5 hexadecimal characters} e.g. 0412C29576C708CF0155E8DE242169B1.6B3FE Scanned Drives for Encryption D to Z, %USERPROFILE%, as well as removable and mapped network drives B to Z as well as removable and network drives Ransom Note Filename README.TXT, README.HTML, README.BMP !README.HTML !README.BMP Autostart and Persistence Mechanisms None %User Startup%\{unique ID}.lnk, where {unique ID} contains 12 hexadecimal characters Lockscreen Capability No Yes Anti-Virtualization and VM Check Routine CPUID-based; runs its encryption routine even in VM and sends the information to its C&C No VM check routine Ransom Amount 1.2 to 2.4 bitcoins (or US$792 to US$1,597 as of July 15, 2016) 1.2 to 2.4 bitcoins (or US$792 to US$1,597 as of July 15, 2016) Payment Method Bitcoins, Tor Network Bitcoins, Tor Network C&C Communication and Information Theft Retrieves AES key and ransom notes from C&C; sends system information and result of encryption to C&C Retrieves RSA public key, domain information of payment site and information-stealing module (fx100.dll); sends system information and result of encryption to C&C Network Activity TCP via Port 443 TCP via Port 443 Shadow Copies Deletion vssadmin No Figure 2. Activity of Neutrino exploit kit distributing a new version of CryptXXX (5.001) to Japan on July 14th. The demise of the Angler exploit kit from crypto-ransomware activity has made CryptXXX migrate to Neutrino exploit kit, which have been recently reported to be delivering other ransomware families such as CryptoWall, TeslaCrypt, CryptoLocker and Cerber. We have observed that CrypMIC and CryptXXX were distributed by Neutrino interchangeably over the course of a week. CrypMIC was first pushed by Neutrino on July 6th before switching back to delivering CryptXXX 4.001 on July 8th. It started redistributing CrypMIC on July 12th before reverting to CryptXXX the next day. On the same week, Neutrino also distributed Cerber via malvertising, as well as other malware from other cybercriminal groups. By July 14th, Neutrino has started to distribute an apparently newer version of CryptXXX (5.001). CryptXXX 5.001 is not a major version update, having only little changes such as the structure of information appended to encrypted files. Its encryption routine, number of targeted extensions and packet format among others is the same as 4.001. Figure 3. Using malware analysis tool Cuckoo Sandbox, we found that CryptXXX 4.001, much like its previous version, was stealing credentials from various applications. CrypMIC and CryptXXX can be particularly dangerous for enterprises as they can also encrypt files on removable and network drives. CrypMIC, however, can only encrypt network shares if they have already been mapped to a drive. In contrast, CryptXXX automatically scans the machine for network drives then proceeds to encrypt files stored on them. CryptXXX 4.001 also downloads and executes an information-stealing module on its process memory—named fx100.dll and detected by Trend Micro as TSPY_STILLER.B—that harvests credentials and related information from: Drive-mapping utility tools (FTP, WebDAV, HTTP and SFTP clients) Windows-based file managers Distributed file system clients that manage remote files such as those from the cloud Remote desktop tools (RDP, VNC servers) VOIP and internet dialers Video chat software Web application frameworks (i.e. ASPNET) VPN clients Instant messaging clients (including those designed for businesses) Download managers Web browsers Email clients Online poker gaming software Both CrypMIC and CryptXXX pose dangers to organizations and users as these threats steal and hold data hostage, and even pilfer credentials from various programs. Paying the ransom does not guarantee that end-users will get their files back. For instance, the decryptor created by CrypMIC’s developers has been reported to be not functioning properly. Additionally, paying the ransom only makes businesses and users susceptible to more ransomware attacks. Besides regularly backing up files, keeping systems updated with the latest patches is another means of mitigating the risks of ransomware. A multilayered defense that can secure systems, servers and networks is also recommended. Trend Micro Solutions Enterprises can use Trend Micro solutions such as Trend Micro™ Deep Discovery™ Email Inspector and InterScan™ Web Security to block ransomware at the exposure layer—web and email. Trend Micro’s Deep Discovery Inspector detects malicious traffic, communications, and other suspicious activities associated with attempts to inject ransomware into the network. Trend Micro’s Deep Security™ can shield applications such as browsers from exploits—which both CrypMIC and CryptXXX rely on—that facilitate the injection of ransomware into systems. At the endpoint level, Trend Micro’s Smart Protection Suites detects and stops suspicious behavior and exploits associated with ransomware with its behavior monitoring, application control, vulnerability shielding and web security. Trend Micro also provides security solutions for SMBs via Worry-Free™ Services Advanced’s cloud security, behavior monitoring and real-time web reputation for devices and emails. For home users, Trend Micro Security 10 provides robust protection against ransomware by blocking malicious websites, emails, and files associated with threats like CrypMIC and CryptXXX. Related SHA1s: C6415524E1C8EA3EAD8C33EFF8E55E990CA5579E – RANSOM_CRYPMIC.A 156FB73151D136FE601134C946C3D50168996217 – RANSOM_CRYPMIC.A 7B4A57BC9D96B79DE49462B9EA37D1B1F202C99C – RANSOM_WALTRIX.YUYALG (CryptXXX 4.001) 704901B890019351E1C9C984FFB32C7F5F4D3BA6 – RANSOM_WALTRIX.YUYALG (CryptXXX 4.001) 3F43B713CE057E1930E724488BB8E6433C44A4E6 – RANSOM_WALTRIX.YUFG (CryptXXX 5.001) 4E020D18863815AE6042D5B4B07080F0F9A6DB0D – RANSOM_WALTRIX.YUFG (CryptXXX 5.001) A31D130B1BA2A74996C233B862A796B810DA26AC – TSPY_STILLER.B (fx100.dll) With additional analysis from Joseph C. Chen and Jaaziel Carlos Learn how to protect Enterprises, Small Businesses, and Home Users from ransomware: ENTERPRISE » SMALL BUSINESS» HOME» Tags: CrypMICCryptXXXNeutrino Security Predictions for 2020 Cybersecurity in 2020 will be viewed through many lenses — from differing attacker motivations and cybercriminal arsenal to technological developments and global threat intelligence — only so defenders can keep up with the broad range of threats. Read our security predictions for 2020. Business Process Compromise Attackers are starting to invest in long-term operations that target specific processes enterprises rely on. They scout for vulnerable practices, susceptible systems and operational loopholes that they can leverage or abuse. To learn more, read our Security 101: Business Process Compromise. 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0.970875	Fueled by an explosive mix of make-up, costumes, attitude, and music, Kiss has sold 80 million records in 30 years and is second only to the Beatles and the Rolling Stones in number of gold records. From their 1996 reunion through their 2000-2001 Farewell Tour, they lead the pack of today's touring bands and their fans simply will not deny themselves anything Kiss-related.Gene Simmons is the master behind the madness and Kiss and Make-Up is the first book from Gene himself. Delivered in Gene's own honest, outrageous, uncensored, and often hilarious voice, here is the story of Gene's arrival in America under the wing of his fiercely protective mother; his first taste of comic books and 1950s pop culture; his thirst for fame, fun, and girls; his realization that playing in a rock band was the key to it all; and the inside story of Kiss's reign as the biggest, most fiercely adulated band in the world. Kiss and Make-up contains dozens of previously unpublished photographs from Gene's private collection.Finally, the real story of the man behind the make-up. Dentro del libro 53 páginas coinciden con became en este libro. ¿Dónde está el resto de este libro? Resultados 1-3 de 53 Comentarios de usuarios - Escribir una reseña Puntuaciones de los usuarios 5 estrellas 3 4 estrellas 1 3 estrellas 4 2 estrellas 0 1 estrella 0 LibraryThing Review Reseña de usuario - DVerdecia - LibraryThing A must read for Kiss and non Kiss fans alike. It is Gene's perspective and it is very interesting. He starts it from his youth and takes it through his entire career with Kiss. What is also ... Leer reseña completa LibraryThing Review Reseña de usuario - DVerdecia - LibraryThing Just about everything you wanted to know about Kiss from Gene Simmon's perspective. A very interesting read! Leer reseña completa Índice Overture 1 Rocket Ride 22 Crazy Crazy Nights 36 Página de créditos Otras 14 secciones no se muestran. Otras ediciones - Ver todo Kiss and Make-Up: A Memoir Gene Simmons Vista previa restringida - 2001 Kiss and Make-Up Gene Simmons Vista previa restringida - 2002 Kiss and Make-Up Gene Simmons No hay ninguna vista previa disponible - 2002 Ver todo » Términos y frases comunes Ace and Peter actually album America asked band Beatles became become brought called changed Cher City couldn't cover decided didn't door dressed early Eric everything explained face fact fans feel felt finally four friends front Gene getting girls guitar hand happened head idea interested kids kind KISS knew later leave live looked loved makeup manager meet mind mother moved movie needed Neil never night once opened Paul Peter played produced record remember rock and roll seemed seen Shannon Shannon Tweed solo songs soon sounded stage stand star started street studio talking television tell thing thought told took tour trying turned walked wanted wasn't watch whole woman York Sobre el autor (2001) Gene Simmons has acted in movies and television, has written and produced albums for other recording artists, has managed the recording career of, among others, Liza Minnelli, and was founder and president of his own record label, Simmons Records/RCA. He has recently launched his movie and television producing career with Detroit Rock City for New Line Cinema. He is also the creator and publisher of his own magazine, through Sterling/Macfadden, called Gene Simmons’ Tongue. Gene Simmons lives in Beverly Hills, California. Información bibliográfica Título KISS and Make-up Autor Gene Simmons Edición ilustrada Editor Crown Publishers, 2001 Procedencia del original la Universidad de California Digitalizado 28 May 2010 ISBN 060960855X, 9780609608555 N.º de páginas 275 páginas Exportar cita BiBTeX EndNote RefMan Acerca de Google Libros - Política de Privacidad - Términos del Servicio - Información para editores - Notificar un problema - Ayuda - Página principal de Google
0.990394	Share this article Share Sheffield University has announced plans to create a new sexual assault support and support services centre, with a team of volunteers working in a community environment. The centre, set up by the university’s Rape Crisis Centre, will offer support for women and men who have experienced sexual assault or are concerned about their safety, as well as people who are seeking to make a complaint about sexual assault. The university said in a statement: “We want to make it clear that we support the people of Sheffield who are survivors of sexual assault and have concerns about their wellbeing.” We recognise that this is an extremely complex area and that it is vital that we engage with those who are experiencing trauma, and are supported in this important work. “A safe and welcoming environment is the first step towards making this happen, and the university is committed to supporting people who need help.” The centre will provide a safe and supportive space where people can get support and advice. The team of staff will be based in the Sheffield Hallam Student Union (SHU) building on the University of Sheffield campus. The SHU is currently home to a Women’s Resource Centre (WRCC), a Sexual Assault Centre (SAC), and a Sexual Health Centre. The women’s centre, the University’s Rape Centre, is currently housed at a local university. The University of Leeds also has a WRCC. “There are a lot of people at the University who need to feel safe and supported,” said Professor Sally White, director of the Sexual Assault Resource Centre at the university. “The WRCC, SAC and SAC Centre will be here to support them, to support the women who have been impacted by this, and to support those who have made a complaint.” Professor White said it was important for universities to have a “safe and supportive environment”. “We need to make sure that these facilities are there to support people who have a trauma, to help them to make their case to the authorities, and also to be a place for people to be able to get advice,” she said. “So we have a safe place where people who might feel uncomfortable can come and have their say.”‘ We need people to come and talk to us’The university said that if someone was experiencing a trauma or a sexual offence, they could seek support through the Sexual Violence Support Centre. “They can go to our Sexual Violence Resource Centre and they can get help,” said a university spokesman. “They can come in, they can speak to someone who’s experienced trauma and it will be there to help.” The spokesperson added that the centre would be “working to ensure that people are safe and that we are able to support our students and staff as we go forward”. The university has a range of support services available to students and their families, including a support team, counselling, legal advice, support for survivors, and a national support service. It also runs a number of crisis and support centres, including one for survivors of rape and sexual assault, and one for people who feel their experience of sexual violence has made them anxious or scared. Professor White, who said she had not been to the centre herself, said the centre was a good start, but added that “it is important that the university work with the people who come through this centre.” “The WRRC and SRC centres are important, but they are not the whole of it. There are other support services,” she added. “There is an opportunity to create those services in the community, but we need people who can come to our services and support centre and talk and talk.” The university’s rape crisis centre is part of the Sheffield University Sexual Violence and Safety Partnership, which has a focus on “community building, safe spaces and prevention”. “We are committed to providing the support and services necessary to those who need it most, in order to ensure safe, supportive and confidential spaces for survivors to come together and have a meaningful conversation with other survivors,” a statement from the partnership read. Read more about:” This is an ongoing process and we will continue to engage with our members and staff to ensure we provide a supportive and respectful space for our members, the wider community and the wider Sheffield community.”
0.999998	Hi, I would like to use an Agilent 6546QTOF for intact protein analysis including alignment to a known peptide sequence. Is the newest version of BioConfirm 11 capable of deconvoluting the high-resolution mass spectrum? If not, is there any other software available? Reply Cancel Cancel Top Replies howard_sanford 8 months ago +1 suggested Hi @ahoffmann, EDIT - my colleagues have pointed out that while Bioconfirm does work on accurate mass data it currently cannot perform intact protein deconvolution on data produced by the 6546 QTOF. Bioconfirm… howard_sanford 2 months ago in reply to beerbaum +1 verified beerbaum, MassHunter Acquisition 11.0 for QTOF and TOF is now shipping, along with BioConfirm 11.0. You can contact your local Agilent sales team for information on how to obtain this software. Parents 0 Rich_CheadleDemoUK 8 months ago Hi Using Bioconfirm 10 it will usually perform deconvolution of the 10GHz 6546 data and return a deconvoluted spectra but also an error message. It then doesn't populate the biomolecules table with the deconvolution results so you can't do any matching. A solution to this problem is not far away from release. Richard UK Demo lab Cancel Up 0 Down Reply Verify Answer Cancel 0 bg10 7 months ago in reply to Rich_CheadleDemoUK When exactly the new version will be released? Can Bioconfirm 10 still do the deconvolution and give peak ratios of different isoforms? This is sth we will be looking for with 6546 for transferrin isoform analysis for CDG diagnosis Cancel Up 0 Down Reply Verify Answer Cancel Reply 0 bg10 7 months ago in reply to Rich_CheadleDemoUK When exactly the new version will be released? Can Bioconfirm 10 still do the deconvolution and give peak ratios of different isoforms? This is sth we will be looking for with 6546 for transferrin isoform analysis for CDG diagnosis Cancel Up 0 Down Reply Verify Answer Cancel Children 0 andyg 7 months ago in reply to bg10 Release dates are not finalized yet, but the release is expected to be relatively soon. I believe the answer to the second question is yes. The deconvolution peak table is still available for 6546 deconvolution spectra spectra. The histogram for BioMolecules will not be possible for 6546 data until version 11 releases. Cancel Up 0 Down Reply Verify Answer Cancel Was this helpful? Yes No Thank you for your feedback! Agilent Community Feedback Agilent Community Feedback × We are glad this was helpful! We are sorry this was not helpful. If you still need assistance please create a community post or contact support. To help us improve, please provide any additional feedback. For full details of how we will treat your information, please view our privacy policy.
0.999999	Marin County COVID-19 Status Update for December 7, 2021 includes COVID-19 Recap to Marin County Board of Supervisors; Testing… Read More × Marin County Coronavirus Information Main navigation Vaccine General Vaccine Info Vaccine Finder Vaccine Data Booster and Third Doses Resources Testing Information Vaccines Schools All Updates Data and Surveillance CA State Website FAQs Communications Toolkit Data Surveillance Data Vaccine Data Data FAQs For Providers Contact Subscribe Translate TranslateEnglishEspañolFilipinoTiếng ViệtРусский язык简体中文 Breadcrumb Home special update 12042020 SPECIAL UPDATE for 12/04/2020 BREAKING NEWS - Marin Joins Movement to Implement Stay-at-Home Orders; New orders take effect on Wednesday. The following is a joint news release from Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, Santa Clara Counties and City of Berkeley. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE December 4, 2020 Bay Area Health Officers Move to Implement the State’s New Regional Stay Home Order, Not Waiting Until Local Hospitals Are Near Crisis to Act On December 3, California Governor Gavin Newsom announced that all sectors other than retail and essential operations would be closed in regions of the state where less than 15% of intensive care unit (ICU) beds are available under a new Regional Stay-Home Order. Although health officials throughout the Bay Area are glad to see the state take action in light of the rapidly escalating surge in hospitalizations statewide, many believe even more aggressive action is necessary in the Bay Area to slow the surge and prevent our local hospitals from being overwhelmed. Rather than waiting until ICU bed availability reaches critical levels and delaying closures that are inevitable, the Public Health Officers for the counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, and Santa Clara, as well as the City of Berkeley, jointly announced they will implement the state’s Regional Stay-Home Order right away. “It takes several weeks for new restrictions to slow rising hospitalizations and waiting until only 15% of a region’s ICU beds are available is just too late,” said San Francisco Health Officer Dr. Tomás Aragon. “Many heavily impacted parts of our region already have less than 15% of ICU beds available, and the time to act is now.” “We are seeing a surge in COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations here in Contra Costa County and across our region,” said Contra Costa County Health Officer Dr. Christopher Farnitano. “The number of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in our county has doubled in just the past couple of weeks, and we are at risk of exceeding our hospital capacity later this month if current trends continue.” “We cannot wait until after we have driven off the cliff to pull the emergency break,” said Santa Clara County Health Officer Dr. Sara Cody. “We understand that the closures under the state order will have a profound impact on our local businesses. However, if we act quickly, we can both save lives and reduce the amount of time these restrictions have to stay in place, allowing businesses and activities to reopen sooner.” “Rising hospitalization rates across the region threaten not only our community members with severe COVID-19, but anyone who may need care because of a heart attack, stroke, accident, or other critical health need,” said Alameda County Health Officer Dr. Nicholas Moss. “By acting together now we will have the greatest impact on the surge and save more lives.” “Each of us can fight the spread,” said Dr. Lisa B. Hernandez, the City of Berkeley Health Officer. “Keep your family safe by avoiding even small gatherings outside of your household and not traveling. We don’t want holiday gatherings and travel to create a spike of cases on top of the surge we’re already seeing.” “Although Marin has fared better than some other counties in our region over the last few weeks, we know it is only a matter of time before rising case and hospitalization put pressure on our hospitals, too,” said Marin County Health Officer Dr. Matthew Willis. “We must act now and must act together to ensure all hospitals in the Bay Area have the capacity they need to care for our residents.” Consistent with the state framework, the six jurisdictions are working to ensure that all sectors have at least 48-hour notice of the closures. Most of the Bay Area Health Officers will implement the state’s Regional Stay-Home Order as of Sunday December 6. In Alameda County, it is scheduled to take effect on Monday, December 7, and Marin County’s order will take effect at noon Tuesday, December 8. The new restrictions will remain in place until January 4, 2021. The order instructs Bay Area residents to stay at home as much as possible and limit mixing with other households, which can lead to the spread of COVID-19. All sectors other than retail and essential operations must be closed. Access to (and travel for) critical services and outdoor activities to preserve physical and mental health are allowed. Beginning at noon Tuesday, December 8, the following sectors in Marin County must close:  Indoor and outdoor playgrounds Indoor recreational facilities Hair salons and barbershops Personal care services Museums, zoos, and aquariums Movie theaters Wineries Bars, breweries, and distilleries Family entertainment centers Cardrooms and satellite wagering Limited services Live audience sports Amusement parks The following sectors will have additional modifications (in addition to 100% masking and physical distancing): Outdoor recreational facilities: Allow outdoor operation only, without any food, drink, or alcohol sales. Additionally, overnight stays at campgrounds will not be permitted. Retail: Allow indoor operation at 20% capacity with entrance metering and no eating or drinking in the stores. Additionally, special hours should be instituted for seniors and others with chronic conditions or compromised immune systems. Shopping centers: Allow indoor operation at 20% capacity with entrance metering and no eating or drinking in the stores. Additionally, special hours should be instituted for seniors and others with chronic conditions or compromised immune systems. Hotels, motels, short-term rentals, other lodging: Allow to open for critical infrastructure support only. Restaurants: Allow only for takeout, pick-up, or delivery. Offices: Allow remote use only, except for critical infrastructure sectors where remote working is not possible. Gyms & fitness studios: Indoor operations must close. This includes yoga and dance studios. This order includes any other industries that follow the state’s guidance for gyms & fitness studios, such as youth sports. Places of worship and political expression: Allow outdoor services only. Entertainment production including professional sports: Allow operation without live audiences. Additionally, testing protocol and “bubbles” are highly encouraged. The following sectors are allowed to remain open when a remote option is not possible. Those that remain open must have appropriate infectious disease preventative measures in place, including 100% masking and physical distancing: Critical infrastructure  Non-urgent medical and dental care In addition, the Stay-Home Order does not modify existing state or Marin guidance regarding TK-12 schools. Schools that are currently open to in-classroom instructions or have plans to reopen to in-classroom instruction prior to Tuesday, December 8, are able to continue to provide in-person instruction on school sites. All schools that have not yet reopened for in-person instruction are able to continue to serve small cohorts of students (e.g., students with disabilities) following CDPH Guidance. Schools wishing to reopen to in-person classroom instruction during the timeframe of the Stay-Home Order must apply for a waiver via the CDPH. “We recognize that public health is about community wellbeing and that includes the economic health of the community,” Willis said. “And as we take this step, we want to remind people to find ways to support their local businesses in a safe way, doing it from home as much as possible, but utilizing the online or curbside pick-up options that our local stores may offer.” See the sector closures and restrictions on activity under the State’s Regional Stay-Home Order. MarinRecovers.com will be updated by Tuesday, December 8, to reflect the new restrictions. © 2020 County of Marin. All rights reserved. Footer Accessibility Disclaimers Terms of Use Notice of Nondiscrimination YouTube Facebook Twitter Nextdoor Enter Your Email Be the first to find out about updates and the latest news in Marin County. Leave this field blank If you are a person with a disability and require an accommodation to participate in a County program, service, or activity, requests may be made by calling (415) 473-4381 (Voice), Dial 711 for CA Relay, or by email at least five business days in advance of the event. We will do our best to fulfill requests received with less than five business days’ notice. Copies of documents are available in alternative formats upon request.
0.999999	Listviews can help you display objects from a model in an attractive way. To use a list view, you have to keep track of three things: The model, which contains the data you want your list view to display The delegate, which defines how each element in the model will be displayed The list view itself, which will display information from the model according to the delegate If you would like further clarification, the Qt documentation has an informative page on the topic. Creating a basic listview A list view has two essential properties we must pay attention to: model, which accepts the data or the id of the object that holds the data delegate, which accepts the component we will use to display the data in the model import QtQuick 2.6 import QtQuick.Controls 2.0 as Controls import QtQuick.Layouts 1.2 import org.kde.kirigami 2.13 as Kirigami Kirigami.Page { ListView { id: myList // Providing a number for the model property will generate that number of data entries starting // from 0. model: 200 delegate: Kirigami.BasicListItem { label: "Item " + modelData } } } In cases where your model data only contain a single piece of data, like in the example above, you can just grab the data in the model by referencing modelData. A note on delegates: if your model contains objects with data in named properties, the name of these properties will be automatically exposed to your delegate and you will only need to use these names in your delegate. ListModel { id: myModel ListElement { type: "Item"; number: 0 } ListElement { type: "Item"; number: 1 } ListElement { type: "Item"; number: 2 } ListElement { type: "Item"; number: 3 } } ListView { id: myList model: myModel delegate: Kirigami.BasicListItem { label: type + " " + number } } Kirigami offers a number of components that have been designed specifically for use in list views, such as Kirigami.BasicListItem, Kirigami.CheckableListItem and Kirigami.SwipeListItem, all of which build upon Kirigami.AbstractListItem. There are also Kirigami.CheckDelegate, Kirigami.RadioDelegate, and Kirigami.SwitchDelegate, which are designed to take advantage of those specific controls. However, you are not limited to using these components and can choose whichever ones you wish - though this may mean some tweaking to your layout. Placeholder messages In some cases, you might want to use a list view that is empty until the user does something. In these situations, using a Kirigami.PlaceholderMessage can be an attractive way of telling your user that the list is empty and that they can do something about it. You will generally want to place a PlaceholderMessage in the center of the ListView and you will want it to not span the entire width of the ListView either. You will obviously also want it to not be visible once the ListView’s model becomes populated with data: thankfully, ListViews have a property named count that makes doing this quite easy. You might also want to add a helpful action to your placeholder message. This can be done by attaching an action to the Kirigami.PlaceHolderMessage’s helpfulAction property. ListView { id: myList model: ListModel { id: myModel } delegate: Kirigami.BasicListItem { label: text } Kirigami.PlaceholderMessage { anchors.centerIn: parent width: parent.width - (Kirigami.Units.largeSpacing * 4) visible: myList.count === 0 text: "Add something to me!" helpfulAction: Kirigami.Action { icon.name: "list-add" text: "Add" onTriggered: myModel.append({"text": "Hello!!"}) } } } List headers ListViews also support header components with the header property, and Kirigami provides an attractive component for this purpose: Kirigami.ItemViewHeader. We provide this component with text for the title property and with an image location for the backgroundImage.source property and we are set. An interesting property of the list view is headerPositioning. This affects the way that our header will move when we are interacting with a long list view that expands beyond the height of the page. headerPositioning can be set to three different settings: ListView.OverlayHeader: In this setting, the header will contract once we start scrolling down but will remain visible in a more compact state. ListView.PullBackHeader: The header will disappear as we scroll down, but will reappear as we scroll back up, even if we haven’t yet reached the top of the list view. ListView.InlineHeader: The header will act like a part of the listview and remain at the top of the listview.
0.999957	For Matrix to retrieve data, a Marketo bridge must be created and the Marketo settings configured. Read the Marketo bridge documentation for more information. The Get lead API can be enabled in the Get lead API settings section of the Marketo bridge. The following example code will retrieve the lead data of the current user and dump this data to the JS console. This example assumes that the jquery JavaScript library is available in the code and that the Marketo cookie is already set for the current user. Read the Marketo cookie section for more information. If a Marketo cookie is not available, the email attribute must be provided as the lead key. Read the Verifying an email address section for more information. <script> $.get("./?a=1234?action=getLead", function(data){ console.log(data); }); //Note: 1234 is the asset ID of the Marketo Bridge asset. </script> The allowed attributes setting on the Marketo bridge allows you to specify the attributes to retrieve with the Get lead API. This is useful if you only want to retrieve specific lead data from a user rather than all associated data. If no cache is required, an extra nocache URL parameter can be added to the code, like so: <script> $.get("./?a=1234?action=getLead&nocache", function(data){ console.log(data); }); </script> The Get lead API has a default daily limit of 10,000 requests, imposed by Marketo. This daily limit can be extended to 10,000 unique user sessions with the use of default caching. Get lead global keywords As an alternative to the Get lead API, lead data can also be retrieved from Marketo using global keyword replacements. The following keywords are available for retrieving lead data: %globals_marketo_lead:1234% Will output the current user’s lead data in a JSON array format. %globals_marketo_lead_id:1234% Will output the lead ID. %globals_marketo_lead_email:1234% Will output the lead email. %globals_marketo_lead_attribute_x:1234% Will output the attribute as specified (for example, firstname). Where 1234 is the asset ID of the Marketo bridge. If no cache is required: %globals_marketo_lead_nocache_id:1234% %globals_marketo_lead_nocache_email:1234% %globals_marketo_lead_nocache_attribute_x:1234% The output of these global keywords will be sanitized by escaping special characters to prevent basic cross-site scripting. You may, however, need to undertake further steps, such as using keyword modifiers, to ensure the usage of these keywords is secure. Get lead caching By default, lead data retrieved through the Get lead API or the associated global keyword replacements is cached for a user’s session. This ensures that multiple API calls or keywords will print lead data efficiently. A sync lead call, through either the Sync lead API or the associated form submission action, will recache the lead data for the current user. Similarly, a nocache Get lead API call, or global keyword will also recache this lead data. If a shorter caching time is required, it can be specified in the lead caching setting on the Details screen of the Marketo bridge. Sync lead Sync lead refers to the synching of collected user data to a Marketo service. To push data to Marketo, a Marketo bridge must be created and the Marketo settings configured. Read the Marketo bridge documentation for more information. The Sync lead API can be enabled in the Sync lead API settings section of the Marketo bridge. The following example code will sync lead to Marketo using the Sync lead API, specifying 'firstname' and 'lastname' attributes. This example assumes that the jquery JavaScript library is available in the code and that the Marketo cookie is already set for the current user. Read the Marketo cookie section for more information. <script type="text/javascript"> $.post("https://matrix.squiz.net/releases/archived-releases/5.1/5.1.13.1?action=syncLead",{"FirstName" : "Test", "LastName" : "User"}, function( data ) { console.log(data); }, 'json'); </script> 1234 is the asset ID of the Marketo bridge asset. The Sync lead API only accepts post requests. If an 'email' attribute is required to be synced to Marketo, the email must be verified for the session or a trusted email source specified in the Marketo bridge. The Allowed attributes setting on the Marketo bridge allows you to specify the attributes to sync with the Sync lead API. Alternatively, you can sync lead using the Marketo sync lead submission action on a custom form page. Read the Custom form documentation for more information. The Sync lead API and the associated form submission action have a default daily limit of 10,000 requests imposed by Marketo. The Munchkin API is a recommended alternative for larger-scale sites with greater tracking needs. Munchkin API Marketo’s Munchkin API is available as an alternative sync lead process, helpful when dealing with large-scale activity tracking. To push data to Marketo, a Marketo bridge must be created and the Marketo settings configured. Read the Marketo bridge documentation for more information. The Munchkin API can be configured in the Munchkin API settings section of the Marketo bridge. A trusted email source must be identified in these settings, for example, %globals_user_attribute_email%. Once you have finished configuring the settings of the Munchkin API, you can use the global keyword %globals_Marketo_munchkin_init:X% to print the initialization code for the Munchkin API call, where X is the asset ID of the Marketo bridge. The Munchkin API requires an email attribute to be specified for every associate lead call; this email address will be used to generate a hash to pass along with the API call. As a result, a Munchkin email source must be configured in the Munchkin API settings section of the Marketo bridge. The Munchkin API has no daily request limit, unlike the Sync lead API, which has a request limit of 10,000. This means that it is ideal for large-scale sites with greater tracking needs. However, unlike the Sync lead API, the Munchkin API does not immediately update the lead data in the Marketo database; this could take up to a day after the request is made. Due to both these strengths and limitations, it is advised that Matrix’s Sync lead API and Marketo sync lead submission action be used when dealing with personal sites with smaller tracking requirements. However, if frequent lead syncs and greater user activity tracking are necessary, the Munchkin API may be better suited for your needs. Marketo cookie Marketo uses a cookie value set by its Munchkin JavaScript library to identify individual users on the domain of your site. The cookie, which sets to a user’s browser, lasts up to two years and is automatically renewed each time the user visits a page. The Marketo cookie has the name _mkto_trk and a value in the following format: id:425-NAK-xxx&token:_mch-squiz.net.au-138123456789-12345 This cookie is automatically set by the tracking code on the page if it has not been previously set. More information on the Munchkin tracking code can be found on the Marketo developers site. The initialization code to set the Marketo cookie can be found in the Munchkin API settings section of the Marketo bridge. Once you have configured the Munchkin API, you can use the global keyword %globals_Marketo_Munchkin_init:X% to print the initialization code for the Munchkin API call, where X is the asset ID of the Marketo bridge. Marketo cookie as lead key Both the sync lead and get lead processes require a lead key to be provided to Marketo to identify the user against which to perform the action. The Marketo cookie is simple to implement and safe to use, making it a recommended lead key. To use the Marketo cookie as the lead key, ensure that the cookie is set for the user before the Marketo bridge performs any data syncing or retrieving. Matrix will automatically use the Marketo cookie for any Marketo integration actions. Verifying an email address If a user’s email is being used to sync with Marketo or used as the lead key to retrieve data, it is essential to ensure that the email is verified or from a trusted email source. To verify a user’s email address, create a send email form submission action or trigger action and configure it to send an email to the user. In the content of the email, provide the user with a link to verify their email address. This link should have a URL parameter, as follows: ?SQ_ACTION=verify_email&email_verification_token=%email_verification_token% The email_verification_token parameter will be replaced with a unique token. When the user clicks the link in this email, their email address will be verified for the session. The verified email address can be printed using the following global keyword replacement: %globals_verified_email% A verified email is only temporarily stored in the session. If permanent storage is required, a trigger action can be configured to set this value in the user’s metadata. Once a user’s email is verified, Matrix will automatically detect it when calling the sync lead and get lead actions, and a Marketo cookie will not be required to be set. Alternatively, a trusted email source can be specified when configuring the sync lead and Get lead APIs on the Details screen of the Marketo bridge. This will provide an additional email address source if a verified email is not available. For example, using the %globals_user_attribute_email% keyword will use the email attribute of the user as the lead key for the sync lead and get lead processes.
0.997047	This article is about the Tejano singer. For the name, see Selena (given name). For other uses, see Selena (disambiguation). Selena Quintanilla-Pérez (April 16, 1971 – March 31, 1995) was an American singer. Referred to as the "Queen of Tejano music", her contributions to music and fashion made her one of the most celebrated Mexican-American entertainers of the late 20th century. Billboard magazine put her in third place on their list of "Greatest Latino Artists of All Time" with being the highest ranked female.[2] Media outlets called her the "Tejano Madonna" for her clothing choices.[a] She also ranks among the most influential Latin artists of all time and is credited for catapulting gender Tex Mex into the mainstream market.[7][8] Selena Selena in 1995 Born Selena Quintanilla (1971-04-16)April 16, 1971 Lake Jackson, Texas, U.S. Died March 31, 1995(1995-03-31) (aged 23) Corpus Christi, Texas, U.S. Cause of death Murder (gunshot wound to subclavian artery) Resting place Seaside Memorial Park, Corpus Christi, Texas, U.S. Monuments Mirador de la Flor Other names Selena Quintanilla-Pérez Alma mater Pacific Western University Occupation Singer songwriter businesswoman activist Spouse(s) Chris Pérez (m. 1992) Parent(s) Abraham Quintanilla (father) Relatives Suzette Quintanilla (sister) A.B. Quintanilla (brother) Awards Full list Musical career Genres Tejano Mexican cumbia mariachi ranchera Latin pop R&B Years active 1981–1995 Labels Q-Productions Capitol Latin EMI Universal Music Latin SBK Records Associated acts Selena y Los Dinos Pete Astudillo Alvaro Torres Barrio Boyzz Emilio Navaira La Mafia[1] Website q-productions.com Signature The youngest child of the Quintanilla family, she debuted on the music scene as a member of the band Selena y Los Dinos, which also included her elder siblings A.B. Quintanilla and Suzette Quintanilla. In the 1980s, she was often criticized and was refused bookings at venues across Texas for performing Tejano music—a male-dominated music genre. However, her popularity grew after she won the Tejano Music Award for Female Vocalist of The Year in 1987, which she won nine consecutive times. She signed with EMI Latin in 1989 and released her self-titled debut album the same year, while her brother became her principal music producer and songwriter. Selena released Entre a Mi Mundo (1992), which peaked at number one on the US Billboard Regional Mexican Albums chart for eight consecutive months. The album's commercial success led music critics to call it the "breakthrough" recording of her musical career. One of its singles, "Como la Flor", became one of her most popular signature songs. Live! (1993) won Best Mexican/American Album at the 1994 Grammy Awards, becoming the first recording by a female Tejano artist to do so. In 1994, she released Amor Prohibido, which became one of the best-selling Latin albums in the United States. It was critically acclaimed as being responsible for Tejano music's first marketable era as it became one of the most popular Latin music subgenres at the time. Selena was shot and killed on March 31, 1995, by Yolanda Saldívar, her friend and the former manager of her Selena Etc. boutiques. Saldívar was cornered by police when she attempted to flee and threatened to kill herself but was convinced to give herself up. She was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison with possible parole after 30 years. Two weeks later, George W. Bush, then-governor of Texas, declared April 16 as Selena Day in Texas. Her posthumous crossover album, Dreaming of You (1995), debuted atop the Billboard 200, making Selena the first Latin artist to accomplish this feat. In 1997, Warner Bros. released Selena, a film about her life and career, which starred a then-unknown Jennifer Lopez as Selena, catapulting her into fame. In 2020, Netflix released Selena: The Series starring Christian Serratos. Selena has sold around 18 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling female artists in Latin music.[9] Contents 1 Life and career 1.1 1971–1988: Early life and career beginnings 1.2 1989–1991: Selena, Ven Conmigo, and relationship with Pérez 1.3 1992–1993: Elopement, Entre a Mi Mundo, and Selena Live 1.4 1994–1995: Fashion venture, film debut, and Amor Prohibido 2 Murder 2.1 Funeral 2.2 Impact 3 Artistry 4 Public image 5 Philanthropy 6 Legacy 6.1 Posthumous film, streaming video and honors 6.2 Monuments 7 Discography 8 Filmography 8.1 Biographical programming 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 11.1 Sources / Bibliography 11.2 A-C 11.3 D-F 11.4 G-J 11.5 K-M 11.6 N-P 11.7 R-S 11.8 T-Z 12 External links Life and career 1971–1988: Early life and career beginnings Selena Quintanilla was born on April 16, 1971, in Lake Jackson, Texas.[10] She was the youngest child of Marcella Ofelia Quintanilla (née Samora) who had Cherokee ancestry[11] and Abraham Quintanilla Jr., a Mexican American former musician.[12] Selena was raised as a Jehovah's Witness.[13] Quintanilla, Jr. noticed her musical abilities when she was six years old. He told People magazine, "Her timing, her pitch were perfect, I could see it from day one". In 1981 in Lake Jackson, Quintanilla, Jr. opened his first Tex-Mex restaurant, Papa Gayo's, where Selena and her siblings Abraham III (on bass guitar) and Suzette Quintanilla (on drums) would often perform.[14] The following year, the restaurant was forced to close after a recession caused by the 1980s oil glut. The family declared bankruptcy and were evicted from their home.[14][15] They settled in Corpus Christi, Texas; Quintanilla, Jr. became manager of the newly formed band Selena y Los Dinos and began promoting it.[4][14][16] They needed the money and played on street corners, weddings, quinceañeras, and fairs.[14][17] As her popularity as a singer grew, the demands of Selena's performance and travel schedule began to interfere with her education. Her father took her out of school when she was in the eighth grade.[18] Her teacher Marilyn Greer disapproved of Selena's musical career. She threatened to report Quintanilla, Jr. to the Texas Board of Education, believing the conditions to which Selena was exposed were inappropriate for a girl her age. Quintanilla, Jr. told Greer to "mind her business". Other teachers expressed their concerns when they noticed how tired Selena appeared when she arrived at school.[19] At seventeen, Selena earned a high school diploma from the American School of Correspondence in Chicago[20] and was also accepted at Louisiana State University.[21] She enrolled at Pacific Western University, taking up business administration as her major subject.[22] Quintanilla, Jr. refurbished an old bus; he named it "Big Bertha" and the family used it as their tour bus. In the first years of touring, the family sang for food and barely had enough money to pay for gasoline.[23] In 1984, Selena recorded her first LP record, Selena y Los Dinos, for Freddie Records.[24] Despite wanting to record English-language songs, Selena recorded Tejano music compositions; a male-dominated, Spanish-language genre[25] with German influences[26] of polka, jazz, and country music, popularized by Mexicans living in the United States.[27] Quintanilla, Jr. believed Selena should record musical compositions related to her heritage.[28] During the recording sessions for the album, Selena had to learn Spanish phonetically with guidance from her father.[29] In 1985, to promote the album, Selena appeared on the Johnny Canales Show, a popular Spanish-language radio program, on which she continued to appear for several years. Selena was discovered by musician Rudy Trevino, founder of the Tejano Music Awards, where she won the Female Vocalist of the Year award in 1987 and for nine consecutive years after.[30] The band was often turned down by Texas music venues because of the members' ages and because Selena was their lead singer.[31] Her father was often told by promoters that Selena would never be successful because she was a woman in a genre historically dominated by men.[32] By 1988, Selena had released five more LP records; Alpha (1986), Munequito de Trapo (1987), And the Winner Is... (1987), Preciosa (1988), and Dulce Amor (1988).[33] 1989–1991: Selena, Ven Conmigo, and relationship with Pérez Chris Pérez (pictured in 2012) and Selena began a relationship, despite her father's disapproval José Behar of newly formed label EMI Latin Records, together with the new head of Sony Music Latin, watched Selena perform at the 1989 Tejano Music Awards. Behar was searching for new Latin acts and wanted to sign Selena to EMI's label Capitol Records, while Sony Music Latin offered Quintanilla, Jr. twice Capitol's signing fee.[34] Behar thought he had discovered the "next Gloria Estefan" but his superior called Behar illogical because he had been in South Texas less than a week.[18][35] Quintanilla, Jr. chose EMI Latin's offer because of the potential for a crossover album and wanted his children to be the first musicians to sign to the label.[36] Before Selena began recording for her debut album, Behar and Stephen Finfer requested a crossover album for her.[37] She recorded three English-language compositions for the heads of EMI's pop division. Behar and Finfer's request for a crossover album was denied and Selena was told she needed a bigger fan base to sell such an album.[38] Behar thought EMI Records and the public did not believe that a Mexican American woman could have "crossover potential" after Charles Koppelman denied the project.[35] Selena released her self-titled debut album on October 17, 1989. The singer recorded most of the songs at AMEN Studios in San Antonio, Texas; "Sukiyaki" and "My Love" were recorded at Sunrise Studios in Houston. Selena wrote "My Love" and wanted the song to be included on the album. Her brother A.B., became Selena's principal record producer and songwriter for most of her musical career,[39] though did not write the tracks "Sukiyaki", "Contigo Quiero Estar", and "No Te Vayas". "Sukiyaki" was originally recorded in Japanese in the 1960s by Kyu Sakamoto; Selena used a translation into Spanish of an English version of the song by Janice Marie Johnson.[40] Selena peaked at number seven on the US Billboard Regional Mexican Albums chart,[41] becoming Selena's first recording to debut on a national music chart. The album performed better than other recordings from other contemporaneous female Tejano singers.[42] In the same year, Coca-Cola wanted Selena to become one of their spokespeople in Texas.[22] The jingle used in her first two commercials for the company was composed by A.B. and Chris Pérez—the latter of whom had joined Selena y Los Dinos several months earlier as the band's new guitarist.[43] Pérez began having romantic feelings for Selena, despite having a girlfriend in San Antonio.[44] After a trip down to Mexico with the band, Pérez thought it would be best for them both to distance himself from her, but he found that impossible and chose to try to build a relationship with her.[45] They expressed their feelings for each other at a Pizza Hut restaurant and shortly afterward became a couple.[46][47] Pérez and Selena hid their relationship, fearing Quintanilla, Jr. would try to break it up.[48][49] Selena released her second studio album, Ven Conmigo, in September 1990. Three tracks from Ven Conmigo were released as singles; "Ya Ves", "La Tracalera", and "Baila Esta Cumbia".[50] The latter, a Tejano cumbia song, became one of Selena's most successful single. Its popularity grew in Mexico, where a compilation album bearing the single's name was released there, which was certified platinum by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (AMPROFON), denoting sales of 150,000 units.[51][52] A registered nurse and fan named Yolanda Saldívar asked Quintanilla, Jr. to start a fan club in San Antonio.[53] Saldívar had the idea after she had attended one of Selena's concerts. Quintanilla, Jr. approved Saldívar's request; he believed the fan club would bring more exposure for the band. Saldívar soon became a close friend to Selena and the family; she was trusted and became the acting president of the fan club in 1991.[54] That same year, Salvadoran singer Álvaro Torres composed a duet he wanted to record with Selena. The song, "Buenos Amigos", was produced by Enrique Elizondo and was released on Torres' tenth studio album Nada Se Compara Contigo (1991).[55] "Buenos Amigos" peaked at number one on the US Billboard Top Latin Songs chart, giving Selena her first number-one single. The song's music video earned Selena and Torres two nominations at the 1992 Billboard Music Awards.[56] The track was also nominated for Duo of the Year at the 1992 Tejano Music Awards.[57] Biographer Deborah Parédez wrote that the track enabled Selena to tour the west and east coasts of the United States.[58] According to John Lannert of Billboard magazine, "Buenos Amigos" was helped by increased airplay on regional Mexican and Tejano radio stations, which had previously dismissed Selena's recordings.[59] 1992–1993: Elopement, Entre a Mi Mundo, and Selena Live Selena's sister Suzette caught Selena and Pérez flirting with each other and immediately informed their father.[60] Quintanilla, Jr. took Pérez off the bus and told him his relationship with Selena was over.[61] Selena and Pérez continued their relationship despite Quintanilla, Jr's disapproval;[62][63] Selena's mother Marcella approved of their relationship.[64] Quintanilla, Jr. saw Selena and Pérez romantically together on the bus after he informed them of his disapproval; he pulled over and an argument between Quintanilla, Jr. and Selena ensued. He called Pérez a "cancer in my family" and threatened to disband the group if they continued their relationship.[65] Selena and Pérez relented; Quintanilla, Jr. fired Pérez from the band and prevented Selena from leaving with him.[66] After his dismissal, Pérez and Selena secretly continued their relationship. On the morning of April 2, 1992, Selena and Pérez decided to elope, believing Quintanilla, Jr. would never approve of their relationship.[65][67] Selena thought Quintanilla, Jr. would have to accept them if they were married, and would not have to hide their feelings for each other. Within hours of their marriage, the media announced the couple's elopement.[68] Selena's family tried to find her; Quintanilla, Jr. did not take the news well and alienated himself for some time.[68] Selena and Pérez moved into an apartment in Corpus Christi.[69] In interviews, Quintanilla, Jr. expressed how he feared Pérez could be a machista (Spanish for a male chauvinist), who would force Selena to end her career and music goals, a move that prevented Quintanilla, Jr. to accept Pérez as being suitable for Selena at the time.[70] Quintanilla, Jr. later approached Pérez, apologized, accepted the marriage, and took Pérez back into the band.[71] A month after her elopement, Selena released her third studio album, Entre a Mi Mundo, in May 1992. The album was critically acclaimed as her "breakthrough album".[72][73][74] The recording peaked at number one on the US Billboard Regional Mexican Albums chart for eight consecutive months;[75] it was certified 10x platinum by the RIAA for sales of 600,000 album-equivalent units,[76] while in Mexico, the album sold 385,000 units.[77] Entre a Mi Mundo became the first Tejano album by a female artist to sell over 300,000 copies.[b] Selena was booked for a high-profile border press tour in Monterrey, Mexico, with music media types in a meet-and-greet conference. At the time, Tejanos were looked down on as "hayseed pochos" among Mexican citizens. The singer's Spanish was far from fluent;[79] EMI Latin executives were "terrified" about the singer's limited Spanish during the press conference for the album in Mexico.[80] According to Patoski, Selena "played her cards right" during the conference and won over the Mexican media after newspapers hailed her as "an artist of the people". The newspapers found her to be a refreshing change from Mexican telenovela actors "who were fair-skinned, blond-haired, and green-eyed."[81] After her publicity press, Selena was booked to play at several concerts throughout Mexico, including a performance at Festival Acapulco in May 1993, which garnered her critical acclaim.[82] Her performance in Nuevo Leon on September 17, 1993, was attended by 70,000 people, garnering her the title of the biggest Tejano act in Mexico.[81] The album produced four singles; "Como la Flor", "¿Qué Creías?", "La Carcacha", and "Amame". "Como la Flor" became Selena's signature recording;[83] it was critically acclaimed by music critics as a career launcher for Selena.[84] "Como la Flor" helped Selena to dominate the Latin music charts and become immensely popular in Mexico — where Mexican-Americans were generally not liked among citizens — which was well received by critics.[85] The track was nominated for Song of the Year at the 1993 Tejano Music Awards.[86] The single peaked at number six on the US Billboard Top Latin Songs chart.[87] In 1994, Entre a Mi Mundo ranked as the second best-selling regional Mexican album of all-time.[88] Selena released Live! a year after Entre a Mi Mundo; it was recorded during a free concert at the Memorial Coliseum in Corpus Christi, on February 7, 1993.[89] The album included previously released tracks that were sung live and three studio recordings; "No Debes Jugar", "La Llamada", and "Tú Robaste Mi Corazón" — a duet with Tejano musician Emilio Navaira. The tracks "No Debes Jugar" and "La Llamada" peaked within the top five on the US Billboard Top Latin Songs chart.[90] Live! won the Grammy Award for Best Mexican/American Album at the 36th Grammy Awards.[78] In May 1994, Live! was named Album of the Year by the Billboard Latin Music Awards.[91] At the 1994 Tejano Music Awards, Live! won Album of the Year,[92] while at the 1994 Lo Nuestro Awards, it was nominated for Regional Mexican Album of the Year.[93] Live! was certified gold by the RIAA for shipments of 500,000 copies, while in Mexico it sold 250,000 units.[76][94] Selena briefly appeared opposite Erik Estrada in a Mexican telenovela titled Dos Mujeres, Un Camino. In 1995 she entered negotiations to star in another telenovela produced by Emilio Larrosa. She appeared in two episodes, which garnered record ratings for the series.[53] 1994–1995: Fashion venture, film debut, and Amor Prohibido Aside from music, in 1994 Selena began designing and manufacturing a line of clothing; she opened two boutiques called Selena Etc., one in Corpus Christi and the other in San Antonio. Both were equipped with in-house beauty salons.[95] By the end of 1994, Selena Etc. had held two fashion shows to showcase their clothing line. Selena (alongside her band, Selena y Los Dinos) held a concert after Selena Etc.'s second fashion show on December 3, 1994, at the Hemisfair Arena in San Antonio. She was in negotiations to open more stores in Monterrey, Mexico, and Puerto Rico.[96] Saldívar managed both boutiques after the Quintanilla family were impressed with the way she managed the fan club.[97] Hispanic Business magazine reported that the singer earned over five million dollars from these boutiques.[98] She was ranked among the twentieth-wealthiest Hispanic musicians who grossed the highest income in 1993 and 1994.[99] Selena released her fourth studio album, Amor Prohibido, in March 1994. The recording debuted at number three on the US Billboard Top Latin Albums chart[100] and number one on the US Billboard Regional Mexican Albums charts.[101] After peaking at number one on the Top Latin Albums, the album remained in the top five for the rest of the year and into early 1995.[102] Amor Prohibido became the second Tejano album to reach year-end sales of 500,000 copies, which had previously only been accomplished by La Mafia.[103][104] It became one of the best-selling Latin albums in the United States.[105][106] Amor Prohibido spawned four number-one singles; the title track, "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom", "No Me Queda Más", and "Fotos y Recuerdos".[c] Amor Prohibido was among the best selling U.S. albums of 1995,[109] and has been certified 36x platinum by the RIAA for sales of 2.16 million album-equivalent units in the United States.[76] The album was named on Tom Moon's list of the 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die: A Listener's Life List (2008).[110] Amor Prohibido popularized Tejano music among a younger and wider audience than at any other time in the genre's history.[111][112] The two singles, "Amor Prohibido" and "No Me Queda Más", were the most successful US Latin singles of 1994 and 1995, respectively.[113][114] The album's commercial success led to a Grammy nomination for Best Mexican/American Album at the 37th Grammy Awards in 1995.[115] It won Record of the Year at the 1995 Tejano Music Awards[92] and Regional/Mexican Album of the Year at the 1995 Lo Nuestro Awards.[103] Selena was named "one of Latin music's most successful touring acts" during her Amor Prohibido tour.[116] After Amor Prohibido's release, Selena was considered "bigger than Tejano itself", and broke barriers in the Latin music world.[117] She was called the "Queen of Tejano music" by many media outlets.[d] Billboard magazine ranked Amor Prohibido among the most essential Latin recordings of the past 50 years[124] and included it on its list of the top 100 albums of all-time.[125] In 2017, NPR ranked Amor Prohibido at number 19 on their list of the 150 greatest albums made by women.[126] Sales of the album and its titular single represented Tejano music's first commercial success in Puerto Rico.[117] Selena recorded a duet titled "Donde Quiera Que Estés" with the Barrio Boyzz, which was released on their album of the same name in 1994. The song reached number one on the Top Latin Songs chart,[127] which enabled Selena to tour in New York City, Argentina, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Central America, where she was not well known.[128][129] In late 1994, EMI chairman Charles Koppelman decided Selena had achieved her goals in the Spanish-speaking market. He wanted to promote her as an English-language solo pop artist. Selena continued touring while EMI began preparing the crossover album, engaging Grammy Award-winning composers.[130] By the time Selena performed to a record-breaking, sold-out concert at the Houston Astrodome in February 1995, work had already begun on her crossover album.[130] In 1995, she made a cameo appearance in Don Juan DeMarco, which starred Marlon Brando, Johnny Depp, and Faye Dunaway.[131] Murder Main articles: Murder of Selena and Trial of Yolanda Saldívar The Quintanilla family appointed Yolanda Saldívar as manager of Selena's boutiques in early 1994.[54] Eight months later, Selena signed Saldívar as her registered agent in San Antonio, Texas. After the agreement, Saldívar moved from San Antonio to Corpus Christi to be closer to Selena.[97] In December 1994, the boutiques began to suffer after the number of staff for both stores had decreased.[132] According to staff members, Saldívar often dismissed employees she disliked. Employees at the stores regularly complained about Saldívar's behavior to Selena, who dismissed the claims, believing Saldívar would not negatively impose erratic decisions on Selena's fashion venture. According to Quintanilla, Jr., the staff later turned their attention to him and began informing him about Saldívar's behavior. Quintanilla, Jr. took the claims seriously; he told Selena to "be careful" and said Saldívar might not be a good influence. Selena dismissed her father's inquiries because he had often distrusted people in the past.[133] By January 1995, Selena's fashion designer Martin Gomez, her cousin Debra Ramirez, and clients had expressed their concerns over Saldívar's behavior and management skills.[133][134] During an interview with Saldívar in 1995, reporters from The Dallas Morning News said her devotion to Selena bordered on obsession.[97] According to Quintanilla, Jr., in January 1995, he began receiving telephone calls from fans who said they had paid for membership in the Selena fan club and had received nothing in return for it, and he began an investigation.[135] Quintanilla, Jr. discovered that Saldívar had embezzled more than $30,000 via forged checks from both the fan club and the boutiques.[135][136] Quintanilla, Jr. held a meeting with Selena and Suzette on the night of March 9 at Q-Productions to confront Saldívar. Quintanilla, Jr. presented Saldívar with the inconsistencies about the disappeared funds. Quintanilla, Jr. told her that if she did not provide evidence that disproved his accusations, he would involve the local police. Quintanilla, Jr. banned Saldívar from having any contact with Selena. However, Selena did not want to dissolve their friendship; she thought Saldívar was essential to the success of the clothing line in Mexico. Selena also wanted to keep her close because she had bank records, statements, and financial records necessary for tax preparation.[135] In the days before Selena's death, Saldívar delayed handing over the bank statements and financial records by saying she had been physically and sexually assaulted in Mexico.[18] Saldívar, along with Selena, appeared at a medical clinic on March 31, 1995, ostensibly to have Saldívar examined for an assault which she claimed happened to her in Monterrey.[e] During that visit, Saldívar was given a brief physical examination by the clinic's doctor, but this did not include a gynecological exam specifically done in cases of sexual assault. It was suggested by nurse Carla Anthony that Saldívar needed to have the rape exam in San Antonio for three reasons: Saldívar was a resident of San Antonio, the clinic they were currently at was in Corpus Christi, and the assault occurred in Mexico.[137] Afterward, Selena again met with Saldívar in her motel room at the Days Inn in Corpus Christi.[4] At the motel, Selena demanded the financial papers. At 11:48 a.m. (CST), Saldívar got a gun from her purse[138] and pointed it at Selena. As Selena attempted to flee, Saldívar shot her once on the right lower shoulder, severing the subclavian artery and causing a severe loss of blood. Critically wounded, Selena ran towards the lobby, leaving a 392-foot (119 m)-long trail of blood.[139] She collapsed on the floor as the clerk called the emergency services, with Saldívar still chasing after her and calling her a "bitch".[140] Before collapsing, Selena named Saldívar as her assailant and gave the number of the room where she had been shot.[141] Meanwhile, Saldívar attempted to leave in her pickup truck. She was, however, spotted by a responding police cruiser.[139] She surrendered after a nearly nine-and-a-half-hour standoff with police and the FBI.[4] By that time, hundreds of fans had gathered at the scene; many wept as police took Saldívar away.[4][139] Selena was dead on arrival at Corpus Christi Memorial Hospital. The attending emergency room physician decided to attempt to revive her. Cardiologist Louis Elkins continued the treatment and performed surgery based on the emergency room physician's decision.[142] Doctors were able to establish an "erratic heartbeat" long enough to transfer her to the trauma room.[143] After 50 minutes of surgery, she was pronounced dead from blood loss and cardiac arrest at 1:05 p.m. (CST).[139][144] An autopsy was performed on the same day due to overwhelming media interest. It revealed that the bullet had entered Selena's upper right back, near her shoulder blade, passed through her chest cavity, severed the right subclavian artery, and exited her right upper chest.[139] Funeral Selena's grave at Seaside Memorial Park in Corpus Christi, Texas On April 1, Bayfront Plaza in Corpus Christi held a vigil which drew 3,000 fans.[145][146] During the event, it was announced that a public viewing of the casket would be held at the Bayfront Auditorium the following day. Fans lined up for almost a 1 mile (1.6 km).[145] An hour before the doors opened, rumors that the casket was empty began circulating, which prompted the Quintanilla family to have an open-casket viewing.[147][148] About 30,000 to 40,000 fans passed by Selena's casket.[148][149][150] More than 78,000 signed a book of condolence.[151] Flowers for the casket viewing were imported from The Netherlands. At the request of Selena's family, video and flash photography was banned.[152] On April 3, 1995, six hundred guests—mostly family members—attended Selena's burial at Seaside Memorial Park in Corpus Christi, Texas,[153] which was broadcast live by a Corpus Christi and San Antonio radio station without the consent of her family. A Jehovah's Witness minister from Lake Jackson preached in English, quoting Paul the Apostle's words in 1 Corinthians 15. Hundreds of people began circling the area in their vehicles.[154] Among the celebrities who attended Selena's funeral were Roberto Pulido, Bobby Pulido, David Lee Garza, Navaira, Laura Canales, Elsa Garcia, La Mafia, Ram Herrera, Imagen Latina, and Pete Astudillo.[155] A special mass held the same day at Los Angeles Sports Arena drew a crowd of 4,000.[156] Impact Selena's murder had a widespread impact. Reactions to her death were compared to those following the deaths of musicians John Lennon and Elvis Presley and that of U.S. president John F. Kennedy.[78][157] Major television networks interrupted their regular programming to break the news; Tom Brokaw referred to Selena as "The Mexican Madonna".[158] Her death was front-page news in The New York Times for two days.[159] Many vigils and memorials were held in her honor, and radio stations in Texas played her music non-stop.[160] Her funeral drew 60,000 mourners, many of whom traveled from outside the United States.[160] The news struck the Hispanic community extremely hard; many fans traveled thousands of miles to see Selena's house and boutiques, and the crime scene.[161][162] By mid-afternoon, police were asked to form a detour because a line of cars began backing up traffic from the Quintanillas' houses.[163] Among the celebrities who were reported to have contacted the Quintanilla family to express their condolences were Gloria Estefan, Celia Cruz, Julio Iglesias, and Madonna.[164] Other celebrities—including Stefani Montiel, Jaime DeAnda (of Los Chamacos), and Shelly Lares—appeared on radio stations to express their thoughts about Selena's death.[165] An issue of People magazine was released several days after her murder. Its publishers believed interest would soon wane; they released a commemorative issue within a week when it became clear it was growing. The issue sold nearly a million copies,[166] selling the entire first and second print runs within two weeks. It became a collector's item, a first in the history of People. Betty Cortina, an editor of People, told Biography they never had an issue that was completely sold out; "it was unheard of". In the following months, the company released People en Español aimed at the Hispanic market, due to the success of the Selena issue.[167] This was followed by Newsweek en Espanol and Latina magazine.[168] A few days later, Howard Stern mocked Selena's murder and burial, poked fun at her mourners, and criticized her music. Stern said, "This music does absolutely nothing for me. Alvin and the Chipmunks have more soul ... Spanish people have the worst taste in music. They have no depth." Stern's comments outraged and infuriated the Hispanic community in Texas.[169] Stern played Selena's songs with gunshots in the background on his show.[170][171] After a disorderly conduct arrest warrant was issued in his name, Stern made an on-air statement, in Spanish, saying his comments were not made to cause "more anguish to her family, friends and those who loved her".[172][173] Stern was not formally charged. The League of United Latin American Citizens boycotted Stern's show, finding his apology unacceptable.[174] Texas retailers removed any products that were related to Stern, while Sears and McDonald's sent a letter stating their disapproval of Stern's comments to the media because some fans believed the companies sponsored Stern's show.[175] Within a week, on NBC's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Stern and Robin Quivers (his co-host) were asked whether Stern's remarks about Selena were acceptable. Quivers decided not to talk about the situation to avoid arguing with Stern. When Linda Ronstadt—a pop singer of Mexican-American heritage—appeared on the show, she and Quivers argued when Ronstadt defended Selena.[176] On April 12, 1995, two weeks after Selena's death, George W. Bush, governor of Texas at the time, declared her birthday, April 16, Selena Day in the state.[22][177] He said Selena represented "the essence of south Texas culture."[178] Some European Americans in Texas wrote to the editor of the Brazosport Facts during April and May, asking what the big deal was; some were offended that Selena Day fell on Easter. Others said, "Easter is more important than Selena Day", and that they believed people should let Selena rest in peace and continue with their lives.[179] Mexican Americans in Texas wrote vociferously to the newspaper. Some said others were too critical of Selena Day, and should not have responded so rudely.[180] In October 1995, a Houston jury convicted Saldívar of first-degree murder and she was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 30 years in 2025.[181] Life with the possibility of parole was the maximum prison term allowed in Texas that could be imposed at the time.[182] In 2002, under a judge's order, the gun used to kill Selena was destroyed and the pieces were thrown into Corpus Christi Bay.[183][184] Fans and historians disapproved of the decision to destroy the gun, saying the event was historical and the gun should have been in a museum.[22] Artistry Selena possessed a soprano vocal range.[185] In an April 1995 interview with Billboard magazine, Behar said he saw Selena as a "cross between Janet Jackson and Whitney Houston in style, feel, and vocal range".[186] Although Selena did not write most of her songs, she incorporated R&B,[187] Latin pop, technopop,[188] country and western, and disco into her Tejano music repertoire.[189] Mario Tarradell of The Dallas Morning News said that during her music career, Selena "merges Tejano's infectious cumbia rhythm with street-savvy R&B, old-school soul, dancehall reggae, sizzling salsa, and trippy, loopy funk".[190] Selena's recordings expressed "love and pain, as well as strength and passion", according to Charles Tatum.[191] She also recorded independently driven, female-empowerment-themed compositions; "Si La Quieres", "¿Qué Creías?", "Ya Ves" and "Ya No", which centered around inappropriate relationships and recovery from domestic violence.[192] Peter Watrous of The New York Times said Selena's voice "sometimes quivered", and that she "roughed it up a bit". He continued, "[a]t its best, it had a coolness, a type of unadorned passion".[193] Ilan Stavans called her music "cursi-melodramatic, cheesy, overemotional, not too far from Juan Gabriel and a relative of Iglesias".[194] Richard Corliss of Time magazine said her songs "are perky, cheerful rather than soulful", and that earlier recordings, "with their tinny, Tijuana Brass charts, and keyboards that evoke calliopes are ideal for the fairground or merry-go-round". Corliss calls Selena's singing an "expert mimicry of everything from Édith Piaf's melodramatic contralto to the coloratura riffs of Mariah Carey. But the sounds are still lightly Hispanic."[195] "Dreaming of You" (1995) (0:30) "Dreaming of You", an English-language recording, became one of four English cuts Selena recorded for her crossover from Spanish into English pop music. Problems playing this file? See media help. Newsweek magazine called Selena's English-language recordings "a blend of urban pop and Latin warmth".[196] According to Texas Monthly, Selena's brother modernized her music into a more "funk and hip hop" sound.[197] Selena's use of emotive range during her musical career has been praised by critics as being her trademark.[198][199] A.B. wrote increasingly cumbia-influenced songs for Ven Conmigo (1990); Ramiro Burr of Billboard said Selena and her band had "evolved a rhythmic style that demonstrated its increasing prowess for catchy cumbias such as 'Baila Esta Cumbia' and the title track".[200] Italian essayist Gaetano Prampolini wrote that "Selena's voice projected a sonorous warmth and joyfulness" during his review of Selena's cumbia recordings.[201] In his review of the remix album Enamorada de Ti (2012), Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote that Selena's songs were "rooted in the '90s and sound that way".[202] Public image Quintanilla, Jr. sought to maintain Selena's image clean and family-oriented.[203] In 1989, she was offered sponsorship from beer companies but her father turned them down.[167] Selena was often refused gigs at Tejano venues because she was a female singer in a male-dominated music scene.[204] Manuel Peña wrote that after 1989, Selena's popularity increased and she became a sex icon following the release of her debut album.[203] Charles Tatum said Selena drew most attention from her "beauty, sexuality, and youthful impact on the Tejano music scene".[191] Selena said she never wanted to record explicit songs because of her upbringing and because her fan base consisted largely of young children, who regarded her as a role model. She further commented on the question of her sexual appeal to men during her crossover attempt, asserting that she will "stay the same" and that her English-language recordings will refrain from foul language and sexual themes.[205] In 1997, María Celeste Arrarás wrote in her book about Selena's death that the singer was a "sweet and charismatic girl".[206] According to Arrarás, Selena "trusted everyone"; she often went shopping alone, despite her father's concerns over her safety.[207] Betty Cortina of People magazine said Selena's provocative choice of clothing was an acceptable emulation of Janet Jackson and Madonna, and that she wore "sexy outfits that [accentuated] a body of a Latina woman".[167][208] Cortina also stated that Selena had a "flamboyant style, an unbelievable body, curves and booty".[167] Arrarás wrote that Selena "began wearing clothes designed to emphasize her curvaceous figure" and that she "never came across as cheap—simply sexy". She also said Selena's makeup regimen was not being "painted up or vulgar".[209] Arrarás also noted Selena's "fun-loving stage manner" and said she was "playful onstage and off".[210] Matt S. Meier wrote in his book The Mexican American Experience: An Encyclopedia (2010) that Selena exhibited "contagious energy" during her concerts and said she displayed "warmth, passion, and sexuality" while exuding a "down-to-earth persona of the wholesome young girl next door".[211] Selena wore outfits that accented her physical attributes and was not afraid to wear outfits she liked,[167] despite criticism from parents who thought Selena's choice of outfits were inappropriate for young girls, who began emulating Selena.[212] Her views on public image in the fashion industry were bothersome; she said she was opposed to the image that all woman should be "rail-thin" and the notion that they must wear certain outfits and be "super-young to be beautiful".[213] In the early 1990s, Selena began wearing decorative bustiers, spandex or tight pants, and attractive, unbuttoned jackets during her concerts. She was inspired by Paula Abdul, Janet Jackson, and Madonna.[212] During a 1992 interview, Selena said her choice of clothing does not reflect her personality.[167] NBC News called Selena's outfit "provocative".[214] Because of her choices of outfits and dance moves, she was named by her fans as the "Mexican Madonna".[215][216] According to Suzette, Selena often designed and sewed her outfits backstage with her designers, moments before she was due on stage. Quintanilla, Jr. disapproved of Selena's outfits, but he later accepted it when Selena discussed it being a fashion trend.[167] Selena became an inactive member of the Jehovah's Witnesses due to her exotic clothing.[217] During the photo shoot for Entre a Mi Mundo (1992), a photographer remarked on the ways Selena's choice of clothing affected Quintanilla, Jr. tremendously; he often left sessions when Selena appeared in revealing outfits.[218] Selena was credited as the first woman to change public perceptions of feminine beauty in the Tejano market; a feminist, she blazed a trail for other female artists during her career.[167][219] Following Selena's death, some celebrities questioned her status as a role model among Hispanic women. In her 1999 documentary about the singer, filmmaker Lourdes Portillo expressed concerns whether Selena was a great role model for young women.[220] Portillo believed Selena was sending the wrong message to young girls by dancing in clothing that suggested hypersexualization.[221] American author Sandra Cisneros agreed with Portillo's assessment that Selena was "not a good role model to Latina women".[222] Media outlets also shared Portillo's views; they said the "fairy tale story" of Selena was one that her family would want to preserve, questioning Quintanilla, Jr.'s role for pushing an image that Selena had "never made mistakes" into the media, calling it "lies" and "not the real story".[223][224] Philanthropy During her childhood, Selena helped organizations such as Toys for Tots.[145] She was active in the U.S. Latino community, visiting local schools to talk to students about the importance of education.[225] At Fulmore Junior High School in Austin, she educated two hundred high school students about positive attitudes and setting life-goals in their adult lives.[145] Selena urged children to stay in school, and that alcohol and drugs will lead them nowhere in life.[226] She spent her free time helping her community. Selena performed in Washington, D.C. to celebrate the forming of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus.[225] Following the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew, Selena helped victims in Florida by performing at a Houston benefit concert.[225][128] In August 1994, Selena hosted a charity baseball game to raise money for unspecified charities.[227] She also donated her time to civic organizations such as D.A.R.E. and planned a fundraising concert to help AIDS patients. Selena participated with the Texas Prevention Partnership which was sponsored by the Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse (Dep Corporation), which released an educational video that was sent to students for free. Her pro-education videos included "My Music" and "Selena Agrees". She was in the works for a Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas Boys & Girls Clubs of America benefit concert.[22] In January 1995, Selena headlined the Teach the Children festival in San Antonio. The concert funded a non-profit program to provide school supplies to needy children.[128] Selena was a spokesperson for women in abusive relationships.[228] She also helped out at homeless shelters.[128] According to the A&E television series Biography, Selena's fans were often minorities; she encouraged them to make the most of their lives.[167] Legacy Trademark logo used by Selena Selena has been credited for helping redefine Latin music[229] and its subgenres of Tejano,[230][231] cumbia, and Latin pop.[232][233] Selena broke barriers in the Latin music world.[185][234][235] She is considered "one of the most significant Mexican-American singers of the end of the twentieth century".[236] People magazine named Selena one of the most intriguing people of the 20th century.[237] US Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison named Selena one of "the spirited women who shaped [the United States]."[238] Selena also became one of the "most celebrated cultural products" of the United States-Mexico borderlands.[239] Selena was called the "Queen of Tejano music", and was described as "the most important and popular Tejano star of all time".[240] Her death was "the most devastating loss" in Tejano music history, according to Zach Quaintance of The Monitor.[235] At the time of her death, Selena became one of the most widely known Mexican-American vocal artists[241][242] and the most popular Latin artist in the United States.[242] She had a "cult-like" following among Hispanics.[243] Selena has been named one of the most influential Latin artists of all-time and has been credited for elevating a music genre into the mainstream market.[7][8] Latin Post called the singer "one of the most iconic artists in Latin American music history",[244] while The New York Times called her "arguably the most important Latina musician in the country, on her way to becoming one of the most important, period."[245] Selena became a household name in the United States and Mexico following her death and became part of the American pop culture.[245][246] She became more popular in death than when she was alive.[247] After her death, her popularity among the Hispanic population was compared to those of Marilyn Monroe and Madonna in Anglo-American culture.[248] According to author Carlota Caulfield, Selena was "one of the most popular Latina singers of the 1990s".[249] Selena's popularity was drawn in by the LGBT community and minority groups in the United States.[250][251] The popularity of Tejano music waned after her death and has not recovered.[252][253] John Lannert of Billboard said in an interview with Biography in 2007 that when Selena died the "Tejano market died with her".[167] Dreaming of You, the crossover album Selena had been working on at the time of her death, was released in July 1995. It sold 175,000 copies on the day of its release in the U.S. — a then-record for a female vocalist — and sold 331,000 copies its first week.[254][255] Selena became the third female artist to sell over 300,000 units in one week, after Janet Jackson and Mariah Carey.[256] It debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, becoming the first album by a Hispanic artist to do so.[257][258][259] Dreaming of You helped Selena to become the first solo artist to debut a posthumous album at number one.[260] Dreaming of You joined five of Selena's studio albums on the Billboard 200 chart simultaneously, making Selena the first female artist in Billboard history to do so.[261] The album was certified 59× platinum (Latin field), for sales of 3.54 million album-equivalent units in the U.S. alone.[76][262] As of 2017[update] it has sold over 2.942 million copies in the U.S. making it the best-selling Latin album of all-time in the country according to Nielsen SoundScan.[263] As of 2015[update], the recording has sold five million copies worldwide.[264] In 2008, Joey Guerra of the Houston Chronicle said its lead single, "I Could Fall in Love", had "made the Tejano goddess a posthumous crossover star".[265] Her death was believed to have sparked an interest in Latin music by people who were unaware of its existence.[266][229][267] It was also believed her death "open[ed] the doors" to other Latin musicians such as Jennifer Lopez,[268] Ricky Martin, and Shakira.[269] In 1995, the United States Social Security Administration ranked the name Selena one of the 100 most popular names for newborn girls, and namesake Selena Gomez acknowledged Quintanilla's influence.[270] In December 1999, Selena was named the "top Latin artist of the '90s" and "Best selling Latin artist of the decade" by Billboard for her fourteen top-ten singles in the Top Latin Songs chart, including seven number-one hits.[271] She was the best-selling Latin female singer of the 1990s in the U.S. and Mexico.[272] Selena was named "Best Female Vocalist of the '80s" and "Best Female Vocalist of the '90s" at the 2010 Tejano Music Awards.[92] Posthumous film, streaming video and honors In the months following her death, several honors and tributes were erected. Several proposals were made, such as renaming streets, public parks, food products,[273] and auditoriums.[274] Two months later, a tribute was held at the 1995 Lo Nuestro Awards.[275] The Spirit of Hope Award was created in Selena's honor in 1996;[276] it was awarded to Latin artists who participated in humanitarian and civic causes.[277] On March 16, 2011, the United States Postal Service released a "Latin Legends" memorial stamp to honor Selena, Carlos Gardel, Tito Puente, Celia Cruz, and Carmen Miranda.[278] In February 2014, the Albany, NY Times Union named her one of "100 Coolest Americans in History".[279] In 1998 Selena was commemorated with a museum.[58] In 1995, Selena was inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame,[280] the Hard Rock Cafe's Hall of Fame,[106] and the South Texas Music Hall of Fame.[96] In 2001 she was inducted into the Tejano Music Hall of Fame.[211] In 2017, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[281] The unveiling ceremony of her star was attended by around 4,500 fans, which was the largest-ever crowd for an unveiling ceremony at the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[282] She was named one of the 20 most influential Texans of all time by author Laurie Jasinski.[96] She was ranked fifth of the "100 most influential Latin musicians of the 20th century" according to the Orange County Register.[283] The singer has been given many epithets by media outlets, including the "Queen of Cumbia",[284] the "Chicana Elvis",[285] the "Queen of hybrid pop culture", the "Hispanic Marilyn Monroe",[194] the "Tupac Shakur of Latin music",[286] the "Corpus Christi queen",[287] and the "people's princess".[288][289] Media have compared Selena's fashion sense to that of Madonna more times than any other celebrity.[3][4][5][290] In 1995, Mexican actress Salma Hayek was chosen to portray Selena in a biopic produced by the Quintanilla family and Warner Bros.[291] However, Hayek turned down the role as she felt it was "too early" to base a film on Selena, and that it would be emotional since Selena's death was still being covered on American television.[292][293] Over 21,000 people auditioned for the title role, becoming the second largest audition since the search for Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939).[294][295] Puerto Rican-American actress Jennifer Lopez replaced Hayek, which initially drew criticism because of Lopez's Puerto Rican ancestry, but after seeing her performance, fans changed their views.[296] Gregory Nava directed the film, which was released on March 21, 1997. Selena opened in 1,850 theaters worldwide and grossed $11,615,722, making it the second-highest-grossing film debut that week. With a production budget of $20 million, the film grossed $35 million in the U.S.[297] The film was a commercial and critical success[298] and is often cited by critics as Lopez's breakthrough role.[246][299] Lopez rose into pop culture, for which the film's success was credited.[300] In 1999, a Broadway-bound musical titled Selena was scheduled to premiere in San Antonio in March 2000 to commemorate the fifth anniversary of her murder. Broadway producers Tom Quinn, Jerry Frankel, Peter Fitzgerald, and Michael Vega staged the musical,[301] and Edward Gallardo wrote the show's book and lyrics. Fernando Rivas composed the show's songs. In 2000, Selena Forever was first produced; the show embarked on a 30-city U.S. tour with a budget of over US$2 million.[301] After a national casting call, producers chose Veronica Vasquez to portray Selena; Vasquez alternated in the role with Rebecca Valdez.[302] The musical previewed on March 21, and opened on March 23 at the San Antonio Municipal Auditorium.[303] Selena's family and her former band, Los Dinos, held a tribute concert on April 7, 2005, a week after the 10th anniversary of her murder. The concert, titled Selena ¡VIVE!, was broadcast live on Univision and achieved a 35.9 household rating. It was the highest-rated and most-viewed Spanish-language television special in the history of American television. The special was also the number-one program in any language among adults ages 18 to 34 in Los Angeles, Chicago, and San Francisco; it tied for first in New York, beating that night's episode of Fox's reality show American Idol.[304] Among Hispanic viewers, Selena ¡VIVE! outperformed Super Bowl XLV and the telenovela Soy tu dueña during the "most-watched NFL season ever among Hispanics".[305][306] In January 2015, it was announced that a two-day annual event called Fiesta de la Flor would be held in Corpus Christi for Selena by the Corpus Christi Visitors Bureau. Musical acts for the first annual event included Kumbia All-Starz, Chris Pérez, Los Lobos, Jay Perez, Little Joe y la Familia, Los Palominos, Stefani Montiel of Las 3 Divas, Girl in a Coma's Nina Diaz, Las Fenix, and The Voice contestant Clarissa Serna.[307][308][309] The event raised $13 million with an attendance of 52,000 people, 72% of whom lived outside of Corpus Christi. The event sparked interest from people in 35 states and five different countries including Mexico, Brazil, and Ecuador.[310] On August 30, 2016, a wax statue of Selena was unveiled at Madame Tussauds Hollywood.[311] In October 2016, MAC Cosmetics released a limited edition Selena makeup line after On Air with Ryan Seacrest senior producer Patty Rodriguez started a petition for the company to do so and it garnering over 37,000 signatures.[312] It became the best-selling celebrity line in cosmetic history.[313] She was inducted into the Texas Women's Hall of Fame at Texas Woman's University in October 2016.[314] An exhibit at the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. that ran in 2017, focused on Selena's influence in marketing. "Due to her massive appeal to both general and Latino markets, advertisers began targeting specific demographics for the first time."[315] Google honored Selena on October 17, 2017, with a musical doodle of her life.[316] On December 11, 2018, it was announced that a biographical television series based on Selena's life titled Selena: The Series would be released on Netflix in December 2020.[317] Actress Christian Serratos plays the leading role as Selena, which was shown in a teaser trailer in late 2019. The two-part series is being done with the participation of the Quintanilla family.[318] Selena: The Series is an American biographical drama streaming television series created by Moisés Zamora and starring Christian Serratos.[319] The first part of the series was released on Netflix on December 4, 2020.[320][321] The second and final part premiered on May 4, 2021.[322] Forever 21 announced the launch of a clothing line celebrating her legacy named “Selena: The White Rose Collection,” was released in 2019.[323] In a 10-part podcast miniseries, Anything for Selena, broadcast in 2021 by WBUR and Futuro Media, Latina journalist Maria Garcia "goes on an intimate, revelatory quest to understand how Selena has become a potent symbol for tensions around race, class and body politics in the United States".[324] In the same year, Selena was posthumously presented with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award which her family received on the artist's behalf.[325] Monuments Main article: Mirador de la Flor Mirador de la flor Mirador de La Flor (English: Lookout of the Flower) also known as Selena's seawall,[326] is Selena's own life-size bronze statue monument in Corpus Christi, Texas, sculpted by H. W. "Buddy" Tatum and unveiled in 1997.[327] About 30,000 people from around the world visit this monument every year.[328] While the monument has remained a popular tourist attraction, the construction of the statue was met with some resistance from the local community. Dusty Durrill, a local philanthropist, financed the construction of the monument with support from local community leaders. The statue has drawn visitors from all over the world.[329] Discography Main articles: Selena albums discography and Selena singles discography Solo studio albums Selena (1989) Ven Conmigo (1990) Entre a Mi Mundo (1992) Amor Prohibido (1994) Dreaming of You (1995) Selena y Los Dinos albums Mis Primeras Grabaciones (1984) Alpha (1986) Muñequito De Trapo (1986) And The Winner Is... (1987) Preciosa (1988) Dulce Amor (1988) Filmography See also: Selena videography Film and television Year Title Role Notes 1993 Dos mujeres, un camino Herself 2 episodes 1994 Sábado gigante Herself Guest 1995 Latin Nights Herself TV documentary 1995 Don Juan DeMarco Mariachi singer Minor role/cameo appearance (posthumous release) Biographical programming Year Title Notes 1997 Selena Remembered Documentary 1997 The Final Notes Documentary 1998 Behind The Music Episode: "Selena" 2005 Selena ¡VIVE! Dedicatee 2007 Queen of Tejano music Documentary 2008 Biography Episode: "Selena" 2020 Selena: The Series Biographical Drama True crime documentaries Year Title Notes 1995 E! True Hollywood Story Episode: "The Selena Murder Trial" 1998 American Justice Episode: "Selena Murder of a Star" 2001 The Greatest Episode: "100 Most Shocking Moments in Rock and Roll History" 2003 101 Episode: "101 Most Shocking Moments in Entertainment" 2010 Famous Crime Scene Episode: "Selena" 2012 100 Most Shocking Music Moments Documentary 2012 Reel Crime/Reel Story Episode: "Selena" 2014 Snapped Episode: "Selena Death of a Superstar" See also Honorific nicknames in popular music List of Hispanic and Latino Americans List of people on the postage stamps of the United States Music of Texas Notes ^ Media outlets that called Selena the "Mexican American equivalent" of Madonna include The Victoria Advocate,[3] The New York Times,[4] MTV.com,[5] and Rhapsody.[6] ^ According to a book written by Stacy Lee, she reported sales of 300,000 units,[78] while María Celeste Arrarás wrote in her book that the album sold 385,000 units in Mexico.[77] ^ "Fotos y Recuerdos" peaked at number one posthumously in April 1995.[107] "Amor Prohibido", "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom", and "No Me Queda Mas" peaked at number one before Selena's death.[108] ^ Outlets describing Selena as "Queen of Tejano music" include: Entertainment Weekly,[118] Billboard magazine,[119] Los Angeles Magazine,[120] Vibe magazine,[121] The Huffington Post,[122] and The New York Times.[123] ^ Testimony given by nurse Carla Anthony at the Saldívar trial indicated that Saldívar and Selena's visit to her clinic occurred March 24, not March 31.[137] The predominance of other sources indicate that Nurse Anthony is mistaken. 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Other songs like "Sukiyaki" (a cover of Kyu Sakamoto's 1963 hit), "Amame, Quiéreme" (her first duet with Pete Astudillo), and the cumbia "Besitos", played a pivotal role on how Selena mixed rhythm and sound, which became her trademark. ^ Parédez 2009, p. 160. ^ Burr 1999, p. [page needed]. "selena baila esta cumbia." ^ Prampolini 2013, p. 188. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Enamorada de Ti (Album review)". AllMusic. Retrieved September 3, 2014. ^ a b Peña 1999, p. 206. ^ Pilchak 2005, p. 39. ^ Parédez 2009, p. 141. ^ Arrarás 1997, p. 23. ^ Arrarás 1997, p. 38. ^ Foley 1997, p. 16. ^ Arrarás 1997, p. 59. ^ Arrarás 1997, p. 60. ^ a b Meier 2003, p. 372. ^ a b Foley 1997, p. 24. ^ Tiscareño-Sato 2011. ^ Reyes, Paul (March 31, 2014). "Still Missing Selena: Here Are 6 Reasons Why". NBC News. Retrieved February 28, 2015. ^ Espinosa 2009, p. 359. ^ Jones 2013, p. 88. ^ Patoski 1996, p. 167. ^ Patoski 1996, p. 117. ^ Jasinski 2012, p. 457. ^ "Corpus: A Home Movie For Selena". PBS. 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Miguel, Guadalupe San (2002). Tejano Proud: Tex-Mex Music in the Twentieth Century. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1585441884. Mitchell, Claudia; Reid-Walsh, Jacqueline, eds. (2007). Girl Culture: An Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-313-08444-7. Retrieved November 27, 2011. Moon, Tom (2008). 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die: A Listener's Life List. Workman Publishing. ISBN 978-0761139638. Morales, Ed (2003). The Latin Beat: The Rhythms And Roots Of Latin Music From Bossa Nova To Salsa And Beyond. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0786730209. Moreno, Michael P. (2010). Term Paper Resource Guide to Latino History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0313379321. N-P Novas, Himilce (1995). Remembering Selena. Turtleback Books. ISBN 978-0613926379. Parédez, Deborah (2009). Selenidad: Selena, Latinos, and the Performance of Memory. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822344896. Ebook: ISBN 978-0822390893. Patoski, Joe Nick (1996). Selena: Como La Flor. Boston: Little Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-69378-3. Peña, Manuel (1999). Música Tejana: The Cultural Economy of Artistic Transformation. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0890968888. Pérez, Chris (2012). To Selena, with Love. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1101580264. Pilchak, Angela M. (2005). Contemporary Musicians: Profiles of the People in Music. Cengage Gale. ISBN 978-0787680695. Prampolini, Gaetano (2013). The Shade of the Saguaro / La sombra del saguaro. Essays on the Literary Cultures of the American Southwest. Firenze University Press. ISBN 978-8866553939. R-S Rebolledo, Tey Diana (2005). The Chronicles of Panchita Villa and Other Guerrilleras: Essays on Chicana/Latina Literature and Criticism. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0292709638. Roiz, Jessica Lucia (June 8, 2015). "Selena Quintanilla On NBC Universo: When, Where To Watch Back-To-Back 'Queen Of Tejano' Special". Latin Times. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2016. Segura, Denise A. (2007). Remembering Selena. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822341185. Sickels, Robert C. (2013). 100 Entertainers Who Changed America: An Encyclopedia of Pop Culture Luminaries. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1598848311. Sobek, Maria (2012). Celebrating Latino Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Cultural Traditions, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0313343391. Stacy, Lee (2002). Mexico and the United States. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0761474029. T-Z Tatum, Charles (2013). Encyclopedia of Latino Culture: From Calaveras to Quinceaneras. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1440800993. Tiscareño-Sato, Graciela (2011). Latinnovating: Green American Jobs and the Latinos Creating Them. Gracefully Global Group. ISBN 978-0983476009. Tracy, Kathleen (2008). Jennifer Lopez: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0313355158. Vargas, Deborah (2012). Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of la Onda. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0816673162. External links Wikiquote has quotations related to: Selena Wikimedia Commons has media related to Selena. Official website Fiesta de La Flor (annual festival held by the Quintanilla family) SelenaVEVO on YouTube Selena channel on YouTube Selena on Grammy Awards Selena at Curlie Selena at IMDb Selena at AllMusic Selena at Find a Grave Selena at MTV Selena at Madame Tussauds Hollywood Selena at Biography.com The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer 1995-10-24, National Records and Archives Administration, American Archive of Public Broadcasting
0.980378	This article on the best electric bikes under $500 is for those who are looking to save on gas. Or, maybe you want an ebike for fun, style, or maybe because you love driving. The reason could be anything. Who doesn’t want to commute with comfort, style, and ease in place? Now, think you are getting a bike just under $500 and that too an e-bike. As we know that these days getting an ebike at this cheap rate is not easy at all. If you go to a shop, you will find ebikes mostly in the high-price range. But, some brands are helping those who are running short on their budget. As I said it is not easy to find the best electric bikes under $500 with all the basic features in place. But still, I have done the hard work for you and bring you the 5 bestselling electric bikes under $500. I have compiled these ebikes based on features these brands are providing in the price range of $500. Please note that prices may fluctuate and may back and forth. During the course of our research, we have found that the price of one of the ebikes went a little higher (around $20) than $500 and then came back at the normal price the other day. What are the basic features of a $500 electric bike? Do not forget to check my personal best towards the end of the article after considering all these factors and the $500 ebike price point To help you out get the best $500 budget electric bike, I have listed down some of the factors you must consider before buying an electric bike at a cheap price. So, here are they. Motor: A heavy motor means better performance. An electric bike is all about mechanics and power. A strong motor means a strong ebike. You will find mainly two motor variants in the $500 price range; 250W and 350W. So, keep this in mind before you buy. Battery: Battery is another important factor you must consider. The more powerful is the battery the better the mileage. At this price range, you will find batteries in the range of 36V to 48V. Charge time: People like an electric bike that has less charge time. The more charge time, the more annoying one can find. An ebike with a full recharge time in between 3 to 5 hours is the best electric bike under $500. Total Weight: The lighter your ebike, the easier it is for you to carry. Portability is another factor you must look at when you are buying an ebike. Max speed: Maximum speed of the bikes is a must look factor as the e-bikes are known to have limited speed. The more max speed the sooner you can reach your destination. Also, an important factor to comply with local ebike classes law. Pedal-assisted: This factor can make a difference. If you are getting a pedal-assist at the $500 price point, then it is great buy. But, it is just a personal choice if you want to have it or not. But it doesn’t mean if pedal assist is not there, the ebike is a waste. Do not worry, I have built a feature comparison table for you towards the end of the article. The table will guide you to select the best ebike under $500. I will be more than happy if I could help you get the best ebike and save you some money. So, let’s get started with the list. 5 top-rated best electric bikes under $500 (Folding ebikes) 1. ANCHEER 500W Electric Bike Electric Bicycle: Full review According to our research, we found the Ancheer ebike to place on the top of the list. And, the reasons why it is on top of our list are: At the price range of $500, they have a powerful 500W brushless motor. That is the biggest plus point. You will rarely find any ebike at this price providing a 500W powerful motor Pedal assistance is another positive point that grabbed our attention. I have seen some ebike brands charging you higher for pedal assitance but they compormise with the power of motor. That we have not found in this case. This bike has also top the list of best electric bikes in $500 in terms of max speed upto 20MPH. In this budget price other brands hava a max speed in the range of 12 to 19 MPH. That is not in the case of this ebike. Cruise Control option is also in this ebike to get the certain speed. The price is also decent and it fits best as the best ebike in the range of $500. But keep in mind, the prices flactuates and sometime it may cost you little extra (around $20). But, if you find below this, you got a great deal. Product specification: Feature Value Brand ANCHEER Motor 500W Battery 48V 7.5Ah (Lithium Battery) Max Speed 20MPH Charging time NA Pedal assisted Yes Weight (lbs) 39.7 Wheel (inch) 14 Mileage 20 Mile Adjustable Seat NA Pros: 500W super powerful motor 20 Mile mileage A great 20MPH max speed Cons: Comparatively a heavy bike Our rating: Check the latest price >> Must read: 3 Best electric bike under $800 to buy 2. Sailnovo 14” Electric Bike (Full review) The ebike by Sailnovo comes second on the list. It was very difficult to decide which one to place first, Sailnovo or Ancheer 500W e-bike. This too deserves the first place w.r.t number of features they are offering at this price point. Let us have a look at why this is on the list of best ebikes under $500. The first thing that grabbed our attention is the price and this ebike’s price does not fluctuate much. And, most of the time you find the price under $500. At the time of writing this article, it is priced at $478. At this minimal price, it has a very strong motor of 350W. Another plus point if you compare it with other ebikes having only having 250W motor in the price range of $400 to $500. With a great mileage of 18.6 MPH, the ebike by Sailnovo had impressed us to put it in the second place on the list of $500 best ebikes. With a wonderful speed comes a wonderful ride. And, this ebike is offering a mindblowing speed of 18.6 MPH at this price. The average speed for this price point is around 15MPH but this ebike had worked a little extra on speed. Last but not the least, this ebike has an option to adjust your seat as per your height. This is a very big plus point if someone is purchasing it for the family, kids, and adults. Product specification: Feature Value Brand Sailnovo Motor 350W Battery 36V 10.4Ah (Lithium Battery) Max Speed 18.6MPH Charging time 6hrs Pedal assisted Yes Weight (lbs) 55 Wheel (inch) 14 Mileage 18.6M Adjustable Seat Yes Pros: 350W powerful motor 18.6 MPH max speed Adjustable seat Cons: Comparatively a heavy bike Charging time can be improved Our rating: Check the latest price >> 3. Elifine 350W Folding Portable Electric Bike: Complete review So, now you are all set to dive into our 3rd list of best budget electric bikes. The bike by Elfine is on the way to give a tight competition with other budget ebikes. They are offering the best features at a budget price. Here are some. A 350W powerful high-performance motor that will super charge your ebike with great performance. They have impressed us with their charging time and it charges at a lightning pace in less than 3 hours. Wow! It also topped the list as a lightweight ebike. The bike weight just 26.46 lbs which we have not seen with other bikes in the category. Lightweight means easy portability. A great deal for old people and kids. Here comes another great deal with this bike and that is its speed. It runs at a mind-blowing max speed of 18.6MPH. What else you can expect from a budget ebike. This ebikes gives you an option to sync your ebike with a Bluetooth Control APP to set your speed, etc. Product specification: Feature Value Brand Elifine Motor 350W Battery 36V 6AH (Lithium Battery) Max Speed 18.6MPH Charging time <3 hrs Pedal assisted No Weight (lbs) 26.46 Wheel (inch) 11.8 Mileage 12.4 Mile Pros: Charges in less than 3 hours Very lightweight 18.6MPH max speed Cons: Mileage can be improved Wheel size is comparetively smaller Our rating: Check the latest price >> 4. ANCHEER 350W Electric Bike review (Budget friendly) Here comes the fourth ebike on our list. Another ebike from Ancheer brand (350W variant). And, this bike falls in the $400 range. So, check features keeping in mind the price they are asking. Here is some feature we found great at this very economical price. In $400 range, this is ebike is offering a 350W motor, which other brands are asking a higher price for this. Bingo! Mileage is around 15MPH which another plus point with this budget friendly ebike. If you are getting a mileage anything around 15 or more at this price, it is a great value. Not to forget the max speed it is offering you in $400 price range and that is 15.5 MPH. Another great deal. Read the below specification keeping the $400 price range. It will be a little unfair if you directly compare with $500 near priced ebikes listed above. Product specification: Feature Value Brand ANCHEER Motor 350W Battery 36V 6Ah (Lithium Battery) Max Speed 15.5 MPH Charging time NA Pedal assisted No Weight (lbs) 38.6 Wheel (inch) 12 Mileage 15 Mile Pros: 350W motor in around $400 15.5MPH max speed Cons: Did not find any Our rating: Check the latest price >> 5. Jetson Electric Bike Bolt Folding Ebike review (Budget friendly) Here is our last hero in the list of best bikes under $500 by the Jetson brand. “Last” does not mean that this ebike is not good enough to compete. Let me tell you, how this ebike made an entry to our list. First of all, it is priced lower than $400 (price may vary with time and demand) at the time of writing this article. And, it is least priced ebike in our list. At this economical price, you are getting a mileage of 15 miles. The is fair enough compared to the money “Jetson brand” is asking you to pay. You are going to drive your ebike at the rate 15.5 MPH and all you are going to pay is just $400. This ebike is comparelyly lightweight with a total body weight of 34 lbs. It a great value to this ebike poratability. Adjustable seat makes an ebike for everyone. And good news is that this electric bike comes with an adjustable seat height. Read the below specification keeping the $400 price range. It will be a little unfair if you directly compare with $500 near priced ebikes listed above. Product specification: Feature Value Brand Jetson Ebikes Motor 250W Battery (Lithium Battery) Max Speed 15.5 Charging time 5 hrs Pedal assisted No Weight (lbs) 34 Wheel (inch) NA Mileage 15 Adjustable seat Yes Pros: A lightweight ebike 15 Mile mileage 15.5 max speed Cons: Comparatively lesser motor power Our rating: Check the latest price >> Ebike under $500 comparison table This comparison table will help you compare the feature you are getting with respect to the amount you are paying. Please check the recent price from the buttons above. Ebike Motor Mileage (mile) Max Speed Full Recharge Pedal assisted Weight (lbs) Wheel (inch) Adjust seat Elfine Folding Ebike 350W 12.4 18.6mph <3 hrs ❌ 26.46 11.8 ❌ Sailnovo 14” Electric Bike 350W 18.6 18.6 <6hrs ✔ 55 14 ✔ Jetson EBike Folding 250W 15 15.5 5hrs ❌ 34 NA ✔ ANCHEER 500W EBike 500W 20 20 NA ✔ 39.7 14 NA ANCHEER 350W EBike 350W 15 15.5 NA ❌ 38.6 12 NA Numbers in the table are based on the product description. How to pick the best electric bike under $500? Once you have gone through the details of the bikes listed above and also compared these bikes from the comparison table. Now, let us help you even more by selecting the best bikes under $500. Before buying your ebike, ask yourself your requirements. Knowing your priorities will help you get the best of the best. If you want an ebike for your daily commute, you should be looking at a more efficient motor and battery than thinking much about features like APP support, LCD display, etc. If you are buying it for your family, and if you have kids who also gonna ride, then seat adjustability is what your ebike must-have. If you are looking to buy to commute keeping in mind cardio or fitness, then your ebike must-have pedal assistance. If you gifting to senior citizens, then looking for an ebike with throttle support will be helpful. Reasons could be endless. Knowing your priorities will not only help you get the best budget ebikes but will also help you with a satisfactory ride. Your wait is over now. We have reached our section where I will share my personal best ebikes out of these listed electric bikes for under $500. My personal best cheap priced ebike It was very difficult for me to pick the best of the best. It will be unfair if I just go behind the price keeping aside features and vice-versa. After keeping in my all the features and price point, I have come to this conclusion that “Sailnovo 14” Electric Bike” is best fit. I have picked this ebike with respect to the features it has and the price this brand is asking at the time of writing this article. The reasons I have picked this ebike are below: This ebike is priced well under $500 with all the basic features in place. Not asking you a very high price, nor low. I am getting a powerful 350W motor, a mileage of 18.6 Mile, and 18.6MPH all in this price. An ebike well accepted in the market with good ratings and reviews. As a downside, this ebike is comparatively a little heavier. Other than this I have found it a perfectly priced ebike under $500. Please note that it is not a paid review and the analysis is purely based on my research. You should always consider your needs before picking up your ebike. Pro Tip: Before buying please check with your local law. There are classes of ebikes with respect to throttle support and speed limit. If you have reached this point and are still confused about what to pick. Let me know your needs, I will try my best to help you pick the best $500 budget ebike. Ask me. Thanks for visiting our website and have a wonderful electric ride 🙂 PIP!….PIP!… 🚲゛ Categories Ebike Post navigation Best Electric Bikes Under $1000 \| 2021 Mountain ebikes Search Search Recent Posts 3 Best electric bike under $800 to buy in 2022 8 Best Rad power bike accessories you must have in 2022 5 Best Electric bike companies you must know in 2021 Best Electric Bikes Under $1000 \| 2021 Mountain ebikes Best Electric Bikes Under $500 \| 2021 Cheap Ebikes Affiliate Disclosure: Some of the links on this website pages may contain affiliate links which means the admin of this website may get a small commission when a site visitor makes a purchase through one of these affiliate links. Prices and availability of affiliate products are subject to change.
0.984779	How can Do Nothing be the best advice I have ever received? It certainly sounds less-than-productive, and even suggests you drop out of doing anything. What I mean by Do Nothing is transcend—take 20 minutes twice a day for meditation to experience a state where you can simply just Be in stillness. Let It Be In his famous song, Paul McCartney advised that when you are faced with difficult situations just Let It Be. I would like to emphasize the word Be. Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's translation of the Bhagavad Gita, chapter 2, verse 48, says Yogastah Kuru Karmani—established in Being, perform action. The experience of Being referred to here is a state of pure silence, where all the senses, mind, ego, and intellect are distilled to their essence, in an experience of pure stillness or nothingness. Allowing our awareness to settle down to this state of Being, pure nothingness, is like pulling the arrow back on the bow to a point of pure stillness where you are not doing anything. The farther the arrow is pulled back, the faster it will hit its target when you release it from that point of stillness. When we pull our mind back to that point of no specificity—silent nothingness—through techniques like Transcendental Meditation, we are more easily able to hit the target, to accomplish anything we want when back in activity. We will also have more energy, like a battery that has been recharged. The Ultimate Paradox This is the ultimate paradox: the state of transcendental nothingness is also a level of pure dynamism filled with unbounded energy and intelligence, from where the whole universe springs. The closer you get to a source of light, the more powerful and intense the light is. When we align our awareness twice daily through meditation to this source of all energy and intelligence, we naturally bring those qualities back with us into activity. When we have regular experience of transcendental consciousness, a fourth major state of consciousness, there eventually comes a time when this field of silence, which is also a field of dynamism, becomes permanently established in our awareness. Cosmic Consciousness—Enlightenment Establishing this level of silence is the state of enlightenment—cosmic consciousness—pure silence experienced together with our waking, dreaming, and even sleep states of consciousness. The famous Chinese philosopher Laozi expressed this reality of cosmic consciousness: Those who attain the Way are like the axles of carriages turning in their hubs, not moving themselves yet conveying the carriages for a thousand miles, revolving endlessly in an inexhaustible source.[i] The Way refers to the Tao, the unchanging source of everything, the transcendental state of Being. Another ancient Chinese philosopher, Zhuangzi, said: He who practices the Way does less every day, does less and goes on doing less, until he reaches the point where he does nothing, does nothing and there is nothing that is not done.[ii] Maharishi was fond of saying, ''Do less and accomplish more, do nothing and accomplish everything.'' There have been so many times in my life, especially at the end of a day's work, where I feel a bit overwhelmed with what I have to do, or there is a problem I am having difficulty solving in my mind. After my evening meditation, the worry goes away, there really is no problem, or it is reduced down to something very simple to deal with. Taking 20 minutes to transcend and experience the state of nothingness provides a deeply rejuvenating rest, a fresh clarity of mind, and a burst of dynamic energy. Who would have thought that doing nothing could be so powerful? I hope this article has helped you in one way or another. [i]Wen-Tzu, Understanding the Mysteries. trans. Thomas Cleary, 81. Quoted in The Supreme Awakening, Craig Pearson, 191. [ii]The Complete Writings of Chuang Tzu. trans. Burton Watson (New York: Columbia University Press, 1968), 235. Quoted in The Supreme Awakening, Craig Pearson, 196. ——— Ann Purcell is an author who has been teaching meditation around the world since 1973. She has worked on curricula and course development for universities and continuing education programs. Her latest book,Â The Transcendental Meditation Technique and the Journey of EnlightenmentÂ was released on March 13, 2015. This article originally appeared in RebelleSociety.com. Copyright © 2015 Rebelle Society See related articles: ∙ The Huffington Post: Are you living only three of the seven states of consciousness? ∙ The Transcendental Meditation Technique and the Journey of Enlightenment: An Interview with Author Ann Purcell Translation software is not perfect; however if you would like to try it, you can translate this page using: (Google) Select a language English to Afrikaans English to Albanian English to Arabic English to Belarusian English to Bulgarian English to Catalan English to Chinese (Simplified) English to Chinese (Traditional) English to Croatian English to Czech English to Danish English to Dutch English to Estonian English to Filipino English to Finnish English to French English to Galician English to German English to Greek English to Hebrew English to Hindi English to Hungarian English to Icelandic English to Indonesian English to Irish English to Italian English to Japanese English to Korean English to Latvian English to Lithuanian English to Macedonian English to Malay English to Maltese English to Norwegian English to Persian English to Polish English to Portuguese English to Romanian English to Russian English to Serbian English to Slovak English to Slovenian English to Spanish English to Swahili English to Swedish English to Thai English to Turkish English to Ukrainian English to Vietnamese English to Welsh English to Yiddish (Altavista babelfish) Select a languageEnglish to Chinese-simpEnglish to Chinese-tradEnglish to DutchEnglish to PortugueseEnglish to FrenchEnglish to GermanEnglish to GreekEnglish to ItalianEnglish to JapaneseEnglish to KoreanEnglish to RussianEnglish to Spanish
0.995762	People contract psychosis after COVID-19, prompting scientists to investigate if body mistakenly attacks brain after infection Skip to content USA World Africa Europe France Middle East USA News world Sport Business More Entertainment Health Politics Tech Contact Search: USA World Africa Europe France Middle East USA News world Sport Business More Entertainment Health Politics Tech Contact People contract psychosis after COVID-19, prompting scientists to investigate if body mistakenly attacks brain after infection A health worker holds a woman’s hand at King’s College Hospital in London in January 2021. Kirsty Wigglesworth / AP Photo Some patients develop symptoms of psychosis after infection with COVID-19. It is possible that the stress of the pandemic is at the origin of the psychiatric problems. But some scientists believe it could be the virus causing the body to attack the brain. In 2020, a day after developing symptoms of COVID-19, a 30-year-old man began to think he could talk to his deceased loved ones. The man, who had no history of mental illness, became convinced the religious kidnapping was imminent, according to a case report released in August. This psychotic episode lasted for more than a month, in which the man knocked on a door, pushed his mother around and thought he was undergoing radiation experiences, according to the report. She was given antipsychotic drugs, but they had little effect. It wasn’t until after he was given medications commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases that he improved, according to the case study. “Psychosis is one of the great puzzles in medicine. We have a fairly poor understanding of what causes it and how it develops,” Dr Jonathan Rogers, clinician and psychiatric researcher at University College London, told Insider. Research suggests that psychiatric symptoms are common in COVID-19 survivors. A study of the health records of more than 200,000 U.S. patients with COVID-19 found that about 13% were first diagnosed with psychiatric or neurology within six months of infection. Psychosis – a particular psychiatric condition that is much more serious – affected only 0.42% of this group. But that frequency was about double that of people in the control group (flu patients), according to the study. That kind of increase could be for an indirect reason: the psychological stress that comes with having COVID-19, said two scientists who spoke to Insider. But research suggests something else could be happening: the virus could cause the body to attack itself, causing the brain to malfunction. The story continues The theory is that the virus causes anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, an autoimmune reaction that causes inflammation of the brain. This in turn can cause psychosis. Usually, the brain is protected from the immune system by a structure called the blood-brain barrier. But COVID-19 could make that barrier “leak,” said University of Liverpool clinician Dr Benedict Michael. “This then exposes immune cells to brain proteins that they otherwise wouldn’t see,” said Michael, who oversees a registry of neurological complications after COVID-19. The immune system then begins to attack brain cells, especially NMDA receptors which are carried by neurons. This makes the neurons less sensitive to stimulation. “It’s a similar effect to ketamine,” he said, referring to the powerful sedative. Scientists have noted that another virus, called HSV-1, can cause similar brain problems. They also reported a handful of recorded cases of brain inflammation after COVID-19 and some showing anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in patients’ blood. The good news is that this kind of problem should be treatable with anti-inflammatory drugs and antipsychotics. “We hope the majority make a reasonable recovery as there hasn’t been a lot of brain damage,” Micheal said. But Rogers and Michael both said the theory should be taken with a grain of salt. There are only a small number of documented cases of psychosis after COVID-19, let alone where antibody levels have been measured, they said. The presence of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies may be unrelated to psychosis, Michael said. “It is possible that there is an immunological basis for these individual psychological cases, but I don’t think that is proven in terms of treatment,” he said. “Psychiatry has a history of all kinds of treatments that are good if you give them to one patient, but don’t look so good when you do a clinical trial,” he said. Read the original article on Business Insider Not all news on the site expresses the point of view of the site, but we transmit this news automatically and translate it through programmatic technology on the site and not from a human editor. Facebook Messenger WhatsApp Twitter Google+ Posted by goodwordnews In USA News Last Modified 1 month ago 1 month ago Zuckerberg and Chan to invest up to $ 3.4 billion for scientific breakthroughs An arrest after a fire in a Christmas tree in front of the News Corp building. At New York Scott Yenor: Protests took place in Boise State after the professor told a conference that men, not women, should be recruited into fields like medicine and law
0.980073	AngstiBadassEi katalogissaEläimetElämäkertaEpookkiFantasiaFeelgoodFestival HitsHuumoriIdentiteettiJännitysKaupunkitilaKirjallisuusLGBTQIA+LuontosuhdeMatkaMuistiMusiikkiNaiskuviaOutoaPerhesuhteetPerustuu tositapahtumiinRakkausSeikkailuSeksiTaiteestaTechTienraivaajaUrheiluUskoVerkkonäytösYhteiskunta Kaikki asiasanat Teemat Kaikki teemat Cut to the Chase – R&A Shorts Maat Kaikki maat AlankomaatAlbaniaAlgeriaArgentiinaAustraliaBelgiaBrasiliaBulgariaChileEgyptiEspanjaEtelä-AfrikkaEtelä-KoreaGeorgiaGhanaHongkongIranIrlantiIslantiIso-BritanniaIsraelItaliaItävaltaJapaniKanadaKeniaKiinaKolumbiaKosovoKreikkaKroatiaLatviaLiettuaLuxemburgMakedoniaMarokkoMeksikoNigeriaNorjaPalestiinaPeruPortugaliPuolaQatarRanskaRomaniaRuotsiSaksaSenegalSerbiaSloveniaSuomiSveitsiTanskaThaimaaTšekkiTunisiaTurkkiUnkariUruguayVenäjäViroYhdistyneet arabiemiirikunnatYhdysvallat Tulossa myöhemmin levitykseen Katso myös Tapahtumat Koronaohjeet Finnish Film Affair Elokuvat Rakkautta & Anarkiaa logo Finnish Film Affair Season FF Historia R&A-kiertue Ota yhteyttä Elokuvat Teemat Verkkonäytökset Jälkilöylynäytökset Kotimainen kilpailu Yle-elokuvat R&A:n levityselokuvat Aikataulu PDF-aikataulut Tapahtumat Liput Uutiset R&A Media Info Koronaohjeistus Henkilökunta Teatterit Turvallisemman tilan periaatteet Saavutettavuus Kumppanit Talkoolaiset Kuvagalleria 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 1988-2010 Press Tiedotteet Pressbook Presskit Akkreditointi Kuvapankki Vieraat © Rakkautta & Anarkiaa 2021. 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0.947652	coronavirus coronavirus vaccination Orbán government reopen restrictions shopping restrictions third wave Viktor Orbán Vaccination Goal Reached, Hungary Begins Reopening Hungary Today 2021.04.06. Print without picture Print with picture The number of people vaccinated with the first jab has reached 2.5 million, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has announced, indicating that Hungary will begin reopening on Wednesday. Among the first measures will be the shortening of the current curfew and the reopening of shops and services. Viktor Orbán previously designated this number as the requirement for the automatic start of Hungary’s gradual reopening. On the 27th of March, the government issued a decree on the conditions for beginning the first stage of a multi-phase reopening in Hungary. Instead of a specific date, it tied the first steps of easing coronavirus restrictions to 2.5 million “inoculated people.” (However, the government counts every citizen with at least one jab “inoculated” instead of the two doses needed for full protection). As Hungary is still among the European countries most severely affected by the pandemic, many Hungarian experts raised their concerns over the plan. Nonetheless, the government decided to stick with the approach. According to PM Orbán’s interview with state media last Wednesday, the government drew the line here, because based on previous estimates all registered people over the age of 65 (i.e. those most endangered) will be vaccinated in Hungary by this time. Related article Orbán's Plan for Reopening Refuted by Experts Amid the raging coronavirus epidemic, Viktor Orbán said Hungary could start gradual reopening after 2.5 million people are vaccinated. The target is likely to be reached in the coming weeks, but according to the unanimous opinion of experts, this would still be far from enough to ease the restrictions. Covid-19 is spreading at a frightening […]Continue reading On Tuesday afternoon, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán announced that the number of people inoculated in Hungary reached 2.5 million, meaning shops and services can reopen from Wednesday. We have lived our lives now for a year in wartime-like conditions under restrictions, curfews and personal loss. The virus has waged a war against us, and the only weapons with which we can win are the vaccines” The prime minister noted that Hungary had inoculated 2.5 times more people last month than in the preceding month. He said the vaccination campaign would continue at a similar pace. Orbán added, however, that anti-pandemic measures would remain in place, and asked people to observe them. The prime minister thanked doctors and nurses for their work and repeatedly asked Hungarians to register and get vaccinated. He said that “Hungary can be, Hungary will be the European country where everybody gets a vaccine the fastest. Every life matters to us!” From Wednesday on, the following measures will take effect in Hungary: The nighttime curfew will be shortened by two hours from 10:00 pm until 5:00 am. Business hours will be extended between 5:00 in the morning and 9:30 at night. Businesses that were shuttered from March 8th will be allowed to reopen, including hairdressers, cosmetologists, and other providers with the stipulation of the number of customers limited to one for every ten square meters. Dining in at restaurants and recreational stays at hotels are still banned. Related article Coronavirus in March: Third Wave Hits Hungary with Devastating Force Hungary has been through its toughest month so far since the coronavirus pandemic appeared in the country. Despite some restrictions introduced early last month, it broke all existing negative records and became the one with the worst fatality rate on the globe. After the fast-spreading variant of the coronavirus first identified in the United Kingdom […]Continue reading In the second stage of Hungary’s reopening, schools and kindergartens will re-open on April 19th, after educators and staff have been inoculated, a decision similarly controversial to the 2.5 million requirement for the first stage. Featured photo illustration by Zsolt Szigetváry/MTI Latest news Völner’s Resignation: ‘Right Decision’ vs. Justice Minister Should Also Go – Reactions to State Secy’s Corruption Scandal One-Third of Public Service Workers Unvaccinated One Week before Deadline Coronavirus: Olympic Champion Gymnast Csollány Reportedly in Serious Condition, Intubated Deputy Justice Minister Völner Suspected of Bribery Govt’s Fudan Project Moving Forward Despite Budapest Mayor’s Recent Claims PM Orbán: Pensions to be Raised by 5% in 2022 Hungary October Industrial Output Down 3.4% Asteroid Named After Hungarian mRNA Vaccine Inventor Katalin Karikó Tags coronavirus coronavirus vaccination Orbán government reopen restrictions shopping restrictions third wave Viktor Orbán Related articles Völner’s Resignation: ‘Right Decision’ vs. Justice Minister Should Also Go – Reactions to State Secy’s Corruption Scandal
0.991787	This article is about concepts called Darwinism. For biological evolution, see evolution. For modern evolutionary theory, see modern evolutionary synthesis. For Wallace's defence of the theory of natural selection, see Darwinism (book). Charles Darwin in 1868 Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories, but subsequently referred to specific concepts of natural selection, of the Weismann barrier or in genetics of the central dogma of molecular biology.[1] Though the term usually refers strictly to biological evolution, creationists have appropriated it to refer to the origin of life, and it has even been applied to concepts of cosmic evolution, both of which have no connection to Darwin's work. It is therefore considered the belief and acceptance of Darwin's and of his predecessors' work—in place of other theories, including divine design and extraterrestrial origins.[2][3] English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term Darwinism in April 1860.[4] It was used to describe evolutionary concepts in general, including earlier concepts published by English philosopher Herbert Spencer. Many of the proponents of Darwinism at that time, including Huxley, had reservations about the significance of natural selection, and Darwin himself gave credence to what was later called Lamarckism. The strict neo-Darwinism of German evolutionary biologist August Weismann gained few supporters in the late 19th century. During the approximate period of the 1880s to about 1920, sometimes called "the eclipse of Darwinism," scientists proposed various alternative evolutionary mechanisms which eventually proved untenable. The development of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s, incorporating natural selection with population genetics and Mendelian genetics, revived Darwinism in an updated form.[5] While the term Darwinism has remained in use amongst the public when referring to modern evolutionary theory, it has increasingly been argued by science writers such as Olivia Judson and Eugenie Scott that it is an inappropriate term for modern evolutionary theory.[6][7] For example, Darwin was unfamiliar with the work of the Moravian scientist and Augustinian friar Gregor Mendel,[8] and as a result had only a vague and inaccurate understanding of heredity. He naturally had no inkling of later theoretical developments and, like Mendel himself, knew nothing of genetic drift, for example.[9][10] In the United States, creationists often use the term "Darwinism" as a pejorative term in reference to beliefs such as scientific materialism, but in the United Kingdom the term has no negative connotations, being freely used as a shorthand for the body of theory dealing with evolution, and in particular, with evolution by natural selection.[6] Conceptions of Darwinism As evolution became widely accepted in the 1870s, caricatures of Charles Darwin with an ape or monkey body symbolised evolution.[11] While the term Darwinism had been used previously to refer to the work of Erasmus Darwin in the late 18th century, the term as understood today was introduced when Charles Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species was reviewed by Thomas Henry Huxley in the April 1860 issue of the Westminster Review.[12] Having hailed the book as "a veritable Whitworth gun in the armoury of liberalism" promoting scientific naturalism over theology, and praising the usefulness of Darwin's ideas while expressing professional reservations about Darwin's gradualism and doubting if it could be proved that natural selection could form new species,[13] Huxley compared Darwin's achievement to that of Nicolaus Copernicus in explaining planetary motion: What if the orbit of Darwinism should be a little too circular? What if species should offer residual phenomena, here and there, not explicable by natural selection? Twenty years hence naturalists may be in a position to say whether this is, or is not, the case; but in either event they will owe the author of "The Origin of Species" an immense debt of gratitude.... And viewed as a whole, we do not believe that, since the publication of Von Baer's "Researches on Development," thirty years ago, any work has appeared calculated to exert so large an influence, not only on the future of Biology, but in extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated.[4] Another important evolutionary theorist of the same period was the Russian geographer and prominent anarchist Peter Kropotkin who, in his book Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution (1902), advocated a conception of Darwinism counter to that of Huxley. His conception was centred around what he saw as the widespread use of co-operation as a survival mechanism in human societies and animals. He used biological and sociological arguments in an attempt to show that the main factor in facilitating evolution is cooperation between individuals in free-associated societies and groups. This was in order to counteract the conception of fierce competition as the core of evolution, which provided a rationalisation for the dominant political, economic and social theories of the time; and the prevalent interpretations of Darwinism, such as those by Huxley, who is targeted as an opponent by Kropotkin. Kropotkin's conception of Darwinism could be summed up by the following quote: In the animal world we have seen that the vast majority of species live in societies, and that they find in association the best arms for the struggle for life: understood, of course, in its wide Darwinian sense—not as a struggle for the sheer means of existence, but as a struggle against all natural conditions unfavourable to the species. The animal species, in which individual struggle has been reduced to its narrowest limits, and the practice of mutual aid has attained the greatest development, are invariably the most numerous, the most prosperous, and the most open to further progress. The mutual protection which is obtained in this case, the possibility of attaining old age and of accumulating experience, the higher intellectual development, and the further growth of sociable habits, secure the maintenance of the species, its extension, and its further progressive evolution. The unsociable species, on the contrary, are doomed to decay.[14] — Peter Kropotkin, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution (1902), Conclusion 19th-century usage "Darwinism" soon came to stand for an entire range of evolutionary (and often revolutionary) philosophies about both biology and society. One of the more prominent approaches, summed in the 1864 phrase "survival of the fittest" by Herbert Spencer, later became emblematic of Darwinism even though Spencer's own understanding of evolution (as expressed in 1857) was more similar to that of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck than to that of Darwin, and predated the publication of Darwin's theory in 1859. What is now called "Social Darwinism" was, in its day, synonymous with "Darwinism"—the application of Darwinian principles of "struggle" to society, usually in support of anti-philanthropic political agenda. Another interpretation, one notably favoured by Darwin's half-cousin Francis Galton, was that "Darwinism" implied that because natural selection was apparently no longer working on "civilized" people, it was possible for "inferior" strains of people (who would normally be filtered out of the gene pool) to overwhelm the "superior" strains, and voluntary corrective measures would be desirable—the foundation of eugenics. In Darwin's day there was no rigid definition of the term "Darwinism," and it was used by opponents and proponents of Darwin's biological theory alike to mean whatever they wanted it to in a larger context. The ideas had international influence, and Ernst Haeckel developed what was known as Darwinismus in Germany, although, like Spencer's "evolution," Haeckel's "Darwinism" had only a rough resemblance to the theory of Charles Darwin, and was not centered on natural selection.[15] In 1886, Alfred Russel Wallace went on a lecture tour across the United States, starting in New York and going via Boston, Washington, Kansas, Iowa and Nebraska to California, lecturing on what he called "Darwinism" without any problems.[16] In his book Darwinism (1889), Wallace had used the term pure-Darwinism which proposed a "greater efficacy" for natural selection.[17][18] George Romanes dubbed this view as "Wallaceism", noting that in contrast to Darwin, this position was advocating a "pure theory of natural selection to the exclusion of any supplementary theory."[19][20] Taking influence from Darwin, Romanes was a proponent of both natural selection and the inheritance of acquired characteristics. The latter was denied by Wallace who was a strict selectionist.[21] Romanes' definition of Darwinism conformed directly with Darwin's views and was contrasted with Wallace's definition of the term.[22] Other uses The term Darwinism is often used in the United States by promoters of creationism, notably by leading members of the intelligent design movement, as an epithet to attack evolution as though it were an ideology (an "ism") of philosophical naturalism, or atheism.[23] For example, UC Berkeley law professor and author Phillip E. Johnson makes this accusation of atheism with reference to Charles Hodge's book What Is Darwinism? (1874).[24] However, unlike Johnson, Hodge confined the term to exclude those like American botanist Asa Gray who combined Christian faith with support for Darwin's natural selection theory, before answering the question posed in the book's title by concluding: "It is Atheism."[25][26] Creationists use the term Darwinism, often pejoratively, to imply that the theory has been held as true only by Darwin and a core group of his followers, whom they cast as dogmatic and inflexible in their belief.[27] In the 2008 documentary film Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed, which promotes intelligent design (ID), American writer and actor Ben Stein refers to scientists as Darwinists. Reviewing the film for Scientific American, John Rennie says "The term is a curious throwback, because in modern biology almost no one relies solely on Darwin's original ideas... Yet the choice of terminology isn't random: Ben Stein wants you to stop thinking of evolution as an actual science supported by verifiable facts and logical arguments and to start thinking of it as a dogmatic, atheistic ideology akin to Marxism." [28] However, Darwinism is also used neutrally within the scientific community to distinguish the modern evolutionary synthesis, sometimes called "neo-Darwinism," from those first proposed by Darwin. Darwinism also is used neutrally by historians to differentiate his theory from other evolutionary theories current around the same period. For example, Darwinism may be used to refer to Darwin's proposed mechanism of natural selection, in comparison to more recent mechanisms such as genetic drift and gene flow. It may also refer specifically to the role of Charles Darwin as opposed to others in the history of evolutionary thought—particularly contrasting Darwin's results with those of earlier theories such as Lamarckism or later ones such as the modern evolutionary synthesis. In political discussions in the United States, the term is mostly used by its enemies. "It's a rhetorical device to make evolution seem like a kind of faith, like 'Maoism,'" says Harvard University biologist E. O. Wilson. He adds, "Scientists don't call it 'Darwinism'."[29] In the United Kingdom the term often retains its positive sense as a reference to natural selection, and for example British ethologist and evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins wrote in his collection of essays A Devil's Chaplain, published in 2003, that as a scientist he is a Darwinist.[30] In his 1995 book Darwinian Fairytales, Australian philosopher David Stove[31] used the term "Darwinism" in a different sense than the above examples. Describing himself as non-religious and as accepting the concept of natural selection as a well-established fact, Stove nonetheless attacked what he described as flawed concepts proposed by some "Ultra-Darwinists." Stove alleged that by using weak or false ad hoc reasoning, these Ultra-Darwinists used evolutionary concepts to offer explanations that were not valid (e.g., Stove suggested that sociobiological explanation of altruism as an evolutionary feature was presented in such a way that the argument was effectively immune to any criticism). Philosopher Simon Blackburn wrote a rejoinder to Stove,[32] though a subsequent essay by Stove's protegee James Franklin's[33] suggested that Blackburn's response actually "confirms Stove's central thesis that Darwinism can 'explain' anything." See also Darwin Awards Darwinism — 1889 book by Alfred Russel Wallace History of evolutionary thought Modern evolutionary synthesis Neo-Darwinism Neural Darwinism Social Darwinism Speciation Pangenesis — Charles Darwin's hypothetical mechanism for heredity Universal Darwinism Notes ↑ Wilkins, John (21 December 1998). "So You Want to be an Anti-Darwinian: Varieties of Opposition to Darwinism". TalkOrigins Archive. Houston, TX: The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 2008-06-19. ↑ "…on what evolution explains". Expelled Exposed. Oakland, CA: National Center for Science Education. Retrieved 2015-11-15. ↑ Le Fèvre, Olivier; Marinoni, Christian (6 December 2006). "Do Galaxies Follow Darwinian Evolution?" (Press release). Marseille, France: European Southern Observatory. eso0645. Retrieved 2015-11-15. 1 2 Huxley, T.H. (April 1860). "ART. VIII.—Darwin on the Origin of Species". Westminster Review (Book review). London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. 17: 541–570. Retrieved 2008-06-19. What if the orbit of Darwinism should be a little too circular? ↑ Bowler 2003, pp. 179, 222–225, 338–339, 347 1 2 Scott, Eugenie C.; Branch, Glenn (16 January 2009). "Don't Call it 'Darwinism'". Evolution: Education and Outreach. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. 2 (1): 90–94. doi:10.1007/s12052-008-0111-2. ISSN 1936-6426. ↑ Judson, Olivia (15 July 2008). "Let's Get Rid of Darwinism". The New York Times. New York: The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-11-16. ↑ Sclater, Andrew (June 2006). "The extent of Charles Darwin's knowledge of Mendel". Journal of Biosciences. Bangalore, India: Indian Academy of Sciences / Springer India. 31 (2): 191–193. doi:10.1007/BF02703910. ISSN 0250-5991. PMID 16809850. ↑ Moran, Laurence (22 January 1993). "Random Genetic Drift". TalkOrigins Archive. Houston, TX: The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 2008-06-27. ↑ Hanes, Joel. "What is Darwinism?". TalkOrigins Archive. Houston, TX: The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 2008-06-19. ↑ Browne 2002, pp. 376–379 ↑ Blinderman, Charles; Joyce, David. "Darwin's Bulldog". The Huxley File. Worcester, MA: Clark University. Retrieved 2008-06-29. ↑ Browne 2002, pp. 105–106 ↑ Kropotkin 1902, p. 293 ↑ Schmitt S. (2009). Haeckel: A German Darwinian? Comptes Rendus Biologies: 332: 110-118. ↑ Tippett, Krista (host); Moore, James (5 February 2009). "Evolution and Wonder: Understanding Charles Darwin". Speaking of Faith with Krista Tippett (Transcript). NPR. Retrieved 2015-11-16. ↑ Wallace, Alfred Russel. (1889). Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of Its Applications. Macmillan and Company. ↑ Heilbron, John L. (2003). The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science. OUP USA. p. 203. ISBN 978-0195112290 ↑ Romanes, John George. (1906). "Darwin and After Darwin: An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions". Volume 2: Heredity and Utility. The Open Court Publishing Company. p. 12 ↑ Costa, James T. (2014). Wallace, Darwin, and the Origin of Species. Harvard University Press. p. 274. ISBN 978-0674729698 ↑ Bolles, R. C; Beecher, M. D. (1987). Evolution and Learning. Psychology Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0898595420 ↑ Elsdon-Baker, F. (2008). Spirited dispute: the secret split between Wallace and Romanes. Endeavour 32(2): 75-78 ↑ Scott 2007, "Creation Science Lite: 'Intelligent Design' as the New Anti-Evolutionism," p. 72 ↑ Johnson, Phillip E. (31 August 1996). "What is Darwinism?". Access Research Network. Colorado Springs, CO. Retrieved 2007-01-04. "This paper was originally delivered as a lecture at a symposium at Hillsdale College, in November 1992. Papers from the Symposium were published in the collection Man and Creation: Perspectives on Science and Theology (Bauman ed. 1993), by Hillsdale College Press, Hillsdale MI 49242." ↑ Ropp, Matthew. "Charles Hodge and His Objection to Darwinism: The Exclusion of Intelligent Design". theRopps.com. Chesterbrook, PA. Retrieved 2007-01-04. Paper for CH506: American Church History, Dr. Nathan Feldmeth, Winter Quarter 1997, "written while a student in the School of World Mission at Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, California." ↑ Hodge 1874 ↑ Sullivan, Morris (Spring 2005). "From the Beagle to the School Board: God Goes Back to School". Impact Press. Orlando, FL: Loudmouth Productions (56). Retrieved 2008-09-18. ↑ Rennie, John (9 April 2008). "Ben Stein's Expelled: No Integrity Displayed". Scientific American. Stuttgart: Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. ISSN 0036-8733. Retrieved 2015-11-16. ↑ Adler, Jerry (28 November 2005). "Charles Darwin: Evolution of a Scientist". Newsweek. 146 (22). New York: Newsweek LLC. pp. 50–58. ISSN 0028-9604. Retrieved 2015-11-16. ↑ Sheahen, Laura. "Religion: For Dummies". Beliefnet. Norfolk, VA: BN Media, LLC. Retrieved 2015-11-16. ↑ Stove 1995 ↑ Blackburn, Simon (October 1996). "I Rather Think I Am a Darwinian". Philosophy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Institute of Philosophy. 71 (278): 605–616. doi:10.1017/s0031819100053523. ISSN 0031-8191. JSTOR 3751128. ↑ Franklin, James (January 1997). "Stove's Anti-Darwinism" (PDF). Philosophy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Institute of Philosophy. 72 (279): 133–136. doi:10.1017/s0031819100056692. ISSN 0031-8191. JSTOR 3751309. References Bowler, Peter J. (2003). Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd completely rev. and expanded ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23693-9. LCCN 2002007569. OCLC 49824702. Browne, Janet (2002). Charles Darwin: The Power of Place. 2. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-679-42932-8. LCCN 94006598. OCLC 733100564. Hodge, Charles (1874). What is Darwinism?. New York: Scribner, Armstrong, and Company. LCCN 06012878. OCLC 11489956. Retrieved 2015-11-16. Kropotkin, Peter (1902). Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution. New York: McClure Phillips & Co. LCCN 03000886. OCLC 1542829. Mutual aid; a factor of evolution (1902) on the Internet Archive Retrieved 2015-11-17. Petto, Andrew J.; Godfrey, Laurie R., eds. (2007) [Originally published 2007 as Scientists Confront Intelligent Design and Creationism]. Scientists Confront Creationism: Intelligent Design and Beyond. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-33073-1. LCCN 2006039753. OCLC 173480577. Stove, David (1995). Darwinian Fairytales. Avebury Series in Philosophy. Aldershot, Hants, England; Brookfield, VT: Avebury. ISBN 1-85972-306-3. LCCN 95083037. OCLC 35145565. Further reading (Russian) Danilevsky, Nikolay. 1885-1889 Darwinism: A Critical Study (Дарвинизм. Критическое исследование) at Runivers.ru in DjVu format. Fiske, John. (1885). Darwinism, and Other Essays. Houghton Mifflin and Company. Huxley, Thomas Henry. (1893). Darwiniana: Essays. Macmillan and Company. Mayr, Ernst. (1985). The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. Harvard University Press. Romanes, John George. (1906). Darwin and After Darwin: An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions. Volume 2: Heredity and Utility. The Open Court Publishing Company. Wallace, Alfred Russel. (1889). Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of Its Applications. Macmillan and Company. External links Look up darwinism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Lennox, James (26 May 2015). "Darwinism". In Zalta, Edward N. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2015 ed.). Stanford, CA: The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University. Retrieved 2015-11-16. Charles Darwin Life Darwin–Wedgwood family Education Voyage on HMS Beagle Inception of theory Development of theory Publication of theory Reactions to On the Origin of Species Orchids to Variation Descent of Man to Emotions Insectivorous Plants to Worms Portraits of Darwin Religious views Health Writings Extracts from Letters to Henslow The Voyage of the Beagle Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection On the Origin of Species Fertilisation of Orchids Geological Observations on South America Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Insectivorous Plants The Power of Movement in Plants The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms Autobiography Correspondence The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin More Letters of Charles Darwin List of described taxa Related Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation History of evolutionary thought Pangenesis Darwin Industry Commemoration Things named for Darwin Darwinism Social Darwinism HMS Beagle Darwin Medal Darwin Awards Authority control GND: 4011097-7 This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/4/2016. 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0.999938	When setting out to find your next big career opportunity, it is very important that you spend ample time properly preparing yourself for the interview process. Depending on the job type and industry, companies use a wide variety of interview styles to evaluate a candidate’s career history, capabilities, and personality and to assess their potential to perform a specific job. Therefore, as a candidate, you must be prepared to successfully handle a wide variety of interview styles. The accomplishment interview, which is one of the more commonly used styles today, is designed to encourage you to discuss specific goals you have achieved in your career or throughout your life and how your personal success benefited your company, team, or something bigger than yourself. If you are a strong, goal-oriented individual with a great track record, an accomplishment interview offers you an excellent opportunity to shine. While career history is often the best indicator of future success, the accomplishment interview also offers talented new graduates with little to no experience the opportunity to show their worth through discussion of their collegiate, community, and/or sports-oriented successes. Below are five steps you should take in preparing for an accomplishment interview: 1. Understand why the company is in business. First and foremost, you need to conduct some thorough research of the company. Regardless of what their mission statement says, and excluding most non-profit organizations, the overall reason for any company to be in business is to make money. Your goal is to realize what they do to make money and learn as much as possible about how their processes work. 2. Understand how your job will impact the overall goal. When a company sets out to hire a new employee, their sole purpose is make more money for the company. There are only three ways for a company to make more money: improve process efficiencies, reduce costs, or increase profits. Your goal is to realize how your job will have a positive effect on those three areas. The more detailed you can get the better. 3. Provide proof of your ability to handle job responsibilities. Discussing what needs to happen for success to occur is one thing; being able to actually deliver is another. Begin this step by making a list of all the goals you have accomplished throughout your career. If you are fairly inexperienced, think of the goals you accomplished during college, in your sports career, or through volunteer work. Be careful not to be too vague. A statement such as, “I was a good team player at my last job,” is not an accomplishment. An accomplishment must be either a tangible goal that produced a product or a measurable goal that achieved a result. The following two examples of well-worded accomplishments will help you articulate your own accomplishments. Purchased and successfully implemented a new network which increased computer-related efficiencies by 27 percent with up time at 99.9 percent. Implemented an online helpdesk system which reduced the number of open tickets to helpdesk personnel by 84 percent. 4. Tie your successes back to the company’s overall success. Once you have completed your list of past accomplishments, go back through the list and write next to each accomplishment how your success affected the bigger picture. Ask yourself the following questions: Did I help the company or organization save time or money? Did I help the company or organization make money? Did I help the company or organization improve an old process? Did I help my team achieve a bigger goal? Again, you should not use vague statements such as, “I helped the company make lots of money.” Instead your accomplishments should be tied to tangible or measurable successes. Examples include: Purchased and successfully implemented a new network which increased computer-related efficiencies by 27 percent. This ultimately helped to improve the company’s printing efficiencies from 2,500 to 3,000 books per hour. As books are priced at $40 apiece, this increased profitability from $100,000 to $120,000 per hour. The new network cost just over $200,000 to purchase and install, so it paid for itself within the first day. Implemented an online helpdesk system which reduced the number of open tickets to helpdesk personnel by 84 percent. This allowed for a decrease in the number of helpdesk professionals required from 10 to 7. Each professional worked 40 hours per week at $8 per hour, so this decreased the company’s personnel overhead by $960 per week. As the new system cost only $10,000, it paid for itself in just over 10 weeks. 5. Be able to articulate your findings. As you go through these steps, make sure you take notes and have a good understanding of all your findings. The more knowledge you have of the information you’ve compiled and the more specific you are in your research, the better you will be at articulating to your potential employer. For example, if an employer asks, “What do you think we do, and how do you think your job will impact the overall company goals?” your answer should sound something like the following: “ABC Company is in business ultimately to make money. In order to do that, you provide drilling services for businesses in the oil and gas industry. Through use of your patented XYZ machinery, your company provides the most efficient processes in the industry. My job, as IT Director, will be to ensure that all computer- and network-related technology is running at the most efficient capacity possible with the least amount of cost. This will ultimately save time and reduce overhead, thereby helping to increase profits for the company.” No matter how qualified you are for a particular position, it is vital that you properly prepare for the interview process. The one-on-one meeting you have with a potential employer can make or break you as a candidate. It is very difficult to gauge what interview style or styles the company will use, so it is important to understand them all. The accomplishment interview is a great interview style to know because it is one of the most commonly used styles today. Whether you are a seasoned professional or an entry-level worker, follow these five easy steps and you too can be well on your way to landing the job of your dreams. ABOUT JDA JDA Professional Services, Inc. is a Houston-based IT staffing firm specializing in the recruitment of strategic-technical to executive-level professionals. We provide IT staffing solutions through full-time, contract, and project-based placements. Since 1981, we have been helping companies build great IT departments while helping IT professionals find the right career opportunities. Through our extensive client base and our ability to navigate the hidden IT job market, JDA can help you find the best opportunities available in the least amount of time. JDA is Houston’s #1 Source for IT Jobs & IT Career Information In addition to being one of the leading providers of IT jobs in Houston, JDA is a top source for information on the local IT employment market. Be sure to take advantage of all that our website has to offer. Visit our IT professionals section for a complete list of IT jobs available in the Houston area in addition to helpful information regarding local IT salaries, current industry hiring trends, and proven “best practices” for managing your IT career. For a comprehensive list of industry trade group meetings and seminars occurring in our area, check out the Houston Hi-Tech Event Calendar.
0.999999	Linus, Peter, Ingo, Thomas: Can we head this direction? The code is cleaner and more flexible. Or should we stick with Andy's clever way to squeeze a couple of "class" bits into the fixup field of the exception table? I'd rather not be clever in order to save just a tiny amount of space in the exception table, which isn't really criticial for anybody. So I think Borislav's patch has the advantage of being pretty straightforward and allowing arbitrary fixups, in case we end up having localized special cases.. Linus
0.957559	Laurentian University students and staff at Sudbury’s Indie Cinema are working together in a unique partnership to bring some of the world's best outdoor adventure films to the city. The film festival is called Sudbury Outdoor Adventure Reels, also known as SOAR. "We normally have the Banff Mountain Film Festival in Sudbury but because of COVID-19, it wasn’t happening. So, we wanted something for the community, somewhere to go and watch adventure films on the big screen," said Kavan Doboas, a Laurentian University student. Sudbury Indie Cinema's Beth Mairs said organizers are taking a different approach than the Banff Mountain World Tour. "We’re showing numerous features and best films that have been shown around the world. So, we have a TIFF winner, Whistler Mountain Film Festival winner, we have many top films from Banff," Mairs said. Seven feature-length films will play at the festival including the movie Home. It’s about a woman from the UK travelling the world. "This film won so many awards. As adventurous, and risk-taking as she is, and courageous.. what she encounters is more of an internal struggle. It’s a very interesting take on an adventure film," Mairs said. In addition to the features, there will also be 10 local short films. "A lot of the shorts are influenced from northern Ontario and you can sort of connect with the land, you can tell where it is and it’s familiar to us," said Owen Duncan, another Laurentian University student. One of the short films is called Sud Bikery. It was shot in five different locations in the city over the course of two days. "We went to an underground mining facility and rode bikes at an underground facility, and then we also toured a number of the big destinations in Sudbury such as Laurentian conversation, Kivi Park, Walden and a few others,” said Cameron Perdue, the Sud Bikery filmmaker. The festival begins Friday with the final showing, The Rescue, on Sunday at 3:45 p.m. Tickets can be purchased online. Top Stories Province expecting bump in COVID-19 hospitalizations in January Police rescue two people who went missing during weekend camping trip north of Capreol Walmart eliminating single-use plastic bags at all Canadian stores Hwy. 69 reopened after fatal crash kills two Police search for Sudbury area suspect who hitchhiked home after driving stolen truck into a ditch Bird sightings delight at Sudbury's Bell Park Ontario extends pause on reopening plan indefinitely as COVID-19 situation worsens Nature Conservancy of Canada protects more than 18 km of Manitoulin Island shoreline Search CTV News Advertise on CTVNews.ca Political Ads Registry About CTV Careers CTV News Stox Press Room Editorial Standards & Policies Contact Us CTV News Programs CTV National News Power Play W5 CTV Question Period Pop Life Local News AtlanticBarrieCalgary EdmontonGuelphKitchener LethbridgeLondonMontreal Northern OntarioOttawa Prince AlbertRed DeerRegina SaskatoonToronto VancouverVancouver Island WindsorWinnipegYorkton CTV News App Video Help Stay up to date on the latest, breaking news Subscribe to newsletter © 2021 All rights reserved. Use of this Website assumes acceptance of Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy
0.551419	Due to federal and state guidance on social distancing in response to COVID-19 resulting in temporary closure of government offices and public facilities, the Navy did not hold in-person public meetings in May 2020 to support the Draft EIS/OEIS public review and comment period. The Navy took additional steps to broaden public notification of the availability of the PMSR Draft EIS/OEIS. Public Involvement The Navy is committed to an open and transparent public process. NEPA Section 106 Process Importance of Public Involvement Substantive Scoping and Public Review Comments Resource Areas Analyzed National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) NEPA is a U.S. law that requires federal agencies to identify and analyze the potential environmental impacts of a proposed action before deciding whether to proceed with that action. The law encourages and facilitates public involvement to inform decision makers and the public on actions that may affect the community or the environment. Section 106 Process Concurrent with the National Environmental Policy Act public involvement process, the Navy is consulting with interested parties for the National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 process regarding potential effects of proposed testing and training activities on historic properties. Historic properties include archaeological sites, historic structures, districts, objects, and traditional cultural properties that are listed or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act lays out the process for considering effects on historic properties: Initiate the process. Identify historic properties and define the area of potential effect. Assess adverse effects. Resolve potential adverse effects. Public Involvement As part of the Section 106 process, the Navy is seeking public input on: Identification of historic properties. Ways to avoid, minimize, and/or mitigate effects on historic properties resulting from federal actions. If you would like to request to become a consulting party on the Section 106 process, you may submit a written request to: Commander, Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division Range Sustainability Office Point Mugu Sea Range Building 53A, Room 106G, Code EB2R00M 575 I Avenue, Suite 1 Point Mugu, CA 93042-5049 Attn: EIS/OEIS Project Manager Importance of Public Involvement Public and agency input allows decision makers to consider community concerns and benefit from local knowledge. The public participates in the NEPA process during the following stages: Scoping Period: Help to identify the scope of the analysis, including potential environmental issues and viable alternatives. Draft EIS/OEIS Public Review and Comment Period: Evaluate and provide substantive comments on the draft analysis. Final EIS/OEIS Wait Period: Review the Final EIS/OEIS and Navy responses to substantive comments received on the Draft EIS/OEIS. Record of Decision: Review the Record of Decision for more information about how the Navy made its decision for implementing the Proposed Action. Substantive Scoping and Public Review Comments Public participation is an important part of the National Environmental Policy Act process. Submitting substantive and concise comments is one of the most important aspects of that process. Submitting substantive and concise public comments is one of the most important aspects of the NEPA process. The most effective comments are those that provide useful information to the Navy. For instance, submit comments if you find: New information that would change the analysis and conclusions Any peer-reviewed scientific literature that should be considered in the analysis Something that should be clarified A substantially different alternative that meets the purpose and need statement and has not been considered An error in analysis that may affect the outcome (applicable once the Draft EIS/OEIS is released) General recommendations to keep in mind when making comments on any NEPA document: Support statements with details. If, for example, you are concerned about biological resources, it is helpful to focus on a particular problem or issue, such as a species that you feel should be analyzed in the Draft EIS/OEIS, instead of making a broad statement such as “The Navy should adequately analyze impacts on biological resources.” Back up your statements with explanations, facts, and references, as appropriate. Be as specific as possible with your comments. Keep your comments focused on the specifics of the proposed project under consideration. Submit your comments within the timeframes announced to ensure that your concerns are considered and addressed in the Draft EIS/OEIS. Request to be included on the EIS/OEIS mailing list to receive notification of public meetings and project information. Become familiar with the scope of the analysis, including the purpose and need statement, potential environmental issues, viable alternatives, and the responsibilities of the lead agency (Naval Air Systems Command). Review the agency website to become familiar with the proposed project, learn about the NEPA process, understand the responsibilities and authorities of the federal agency, keep up to date on public meetings and comment periods, get answers to frequently asked questions, and view agency notifications. Comments on the scope of analysis are not counted as votes or as part of a referendum on Navy decisions. They are used during development of the document and analyses, and ensure that the impacts are adequately determined before the Navy makes a final decision on the proposed project. Therefore, avoid comments that state “I am in favor of this project,” or “I am opposed to this project.” Remember that the more clear, concise, and relevant your comments are, the more effective they will be and the more likely it is that they will be utilized to improve the draft and final documents and affect the agency decisions. Resource Areas Analyzed The Navy analyzed the potential direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts on the following environmental resource areas: Air quality Sediments and water quality Marine habitats Marine vegetation Marine invertebrates Marine fishes Marine mammals Sea turtles Marine birds Cultural resources Socioeconomic resources Recreation Sea and air space Public health and safety The Navy complies with all applicable federal environmental laws, regulations, and executive orders, such as Executive Order 12114, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Endangered Species Act, Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, and Coastal Zone Management Act. Public Involvement Section Menu Public Involvement Scoping Meetings Public Information Public Informational Materials Public Notices Public Comment Subscribe to receive updates and announcements Subscribe Here This is an official U.S. Navy website. Questions regarding its content may be directed to the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division Public Affairs Officer at 805-989-1436.
0.985792	Munster Confirm COVID-19 Outbreak As Situation Worsens For The Province In South Africa - November 30, 2021 Called off. After extensive evaluation, World Rugby and the Japan Rugby 2019 Organising Committee have announced an update regarding the predicted impact of Typhoon Hagibis on this weekend’s Rugby World Cup 2019 pool matches. This includes the decision to cancel at least two matches on safety grounds. House of Rugby is back with a brand new URC show – fronted by RugbyLAD founder Jason Hennessy and Ireland international Megan Williams. Follow and subscribe to it HERE. Based on the latest detailed information from the tournament’s independent weather experts, Hagibis is predicted to be the biggest typhoon of the 2019 season and is highly likely to cause considerable disruption in the Tokyo, Yokohama and City of Toyota areas throughout Saturday. As a result, World Rugby and the Japan Rugby 2019 Organising Committee have taken the “difficult” decision to cancel matches in the affected areas on safety grounds. Pool B match between New Zealand and Italy to be cancelled Pool C match between England and France to be cancelled World Rugby says every effort is being made to ensure Sunday’s matches will be played as scheduled – including Scotland’s crucial game with Japan. Each team that doesn’t play will be rewarded with two match points. Massive coup for rugby in the USA. 🇺🇸 https://t.co/IkEORJzPee — RugbyLAD (@RugbyLAD7) October 10, 2019 “This is a complex and dynamic situation which we have been monitoring extremely closely with the assistance of our weather information experts. We are now in a position to accurately predict the likely impact of Typhoon Hagibis on Rugby World Cup fixtures this weekend,” World Rugby Chief Operating Officer and Tournament Director Alan Gilpin said. “While making every possible effort to put in place a contingency plan that would enable all of Saturday’s matches to be played, it would be grossly irresponsible to leave teams, fans, volunteers and other tournament personnel exposed during what is predicted to be a severe typhoon. “As a result, we have taken the decision to cancel some matches in order to ensure the safety of all involved. It is the right thing to do, and comes with the support of all stakeholders, including the teams. “We fully appreciate that England, France, New Zealand and Italy fans will be disappointed, but we trust they will appreciate that their safety must come first. They will be entitled to a full refund on their match tickets. “Our message for all fans in Japan for Rugby World Cup is to heed all official advice, stay indoors throughout Saturday and do not attempt to travel on the day.”
0.999996	At this point, you should be able to look at complete functions and tell what they do. Also, if you have been doing the exercises, you have written some small functions. As you write larger functions, you might start to have more difficulty, especially with runtime and semantic errors. To deal with increasingly complex programs, we are going to suggest a technique called incremental development. The goal of incremental development is to avoid long debugging sessions by adding and testing only a small amount of code at a time. If you write unit tests before doing the incremental development, you will be able to track your progress as the code passes more and more of the tests. Alternatively, you can write additional tests at each stage of incremental development. Then you will be able to check whether any code change you make at a later stage of development causes one of the earlier tests, which used to pass, to not pass any more. As an example, suppose you want to find the distance between two points, given by the coordinates (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). By the Pythagorean theorem, the distance is: The first step is to consider what a distance function should look like in Python. In other words, what are the inputs (parameters) and what is the output (return value)? In this case, the two points are the inputs, which we can represent using four parameters. The return value is the distance, which is a floating-point value. Already we can write an outline of the function that captures our thinking so far. def distance(x1, y1, x2, y2): return None Obviously, this version of the function doesn’t compute distances; it always returns None. But it is syntactically correct, and it will run, which means that we can test it before we make it more complicated. The distance between any point and itself should be 0. def distance(x1, y1, x2, y2): return None assert distance(1, 2, 1, 2) == 0 We call the distance function with sample inputs: (1,2, 1,2). The first 1,2 are the coordinates of the first point and the second 1,2 are the coordinates of the second point. What is the distance between these two points? Zero. It’s not returning the correct answer, so we don’t pass the test. Let’s fix that. def distance(x1, y1, x2, y2): return 0.0 assert distance(1, 2, 1, 2) == 0 Now we pass the test. But really, that’s not a sufficient test. Extend the program … On line 6, write another unit test (assert statement). Use (1,2, 4,6) as the parameters to the distance function. How far apart are these two points? Use that value (instead of 0) as the correct answer for this unit test. On line 7, write another unit test. Use (0,0, 1,1) as the parameters to the distance function. How far apart are these two points? Use that value as the correct answer for this unit test. Are there any other edge cases that you think you should consider? Perhaps points with negative numbers for x-values or y-values? When testing a function, it is essential to know the right answer. For the second test the horizontal distance equals 3 and the vertical distance equals 4; that way, the result is 5 (the hypotenuse of a 3-4-5 triangle). For the third test, we have a 1-1-sqrt(2) triangle. def distance(x1, y1, x2, y2): return 0 assert distance(1, 2, 1, 2) == 0 assert distance(1,2, 4,6) == 5 assert distance(0,0, 1,1) = 20.5 The first test passes but the others fail since the distance function does not yet contain all the necessary steps. At this point we have confirmed that the function is syntactically correct, and we can start adding lines of code. After each incremental change, we test the function again. If an error occurs at any point, we know where it must be — in the last line we added. A logical first step in the computation is to find the differences x2- x1 and y2- y1. We will store those values in temporary variables named dx and dy. def distance(x1, y1, x2, y2): dx = x2 - x1 dy = y2 - y1 return 0.0 Next we compute the sum of squares of dx and dy. def distance(x1, y1, x2, y2): dx = x2 - x1 dy = y2 - y1 dsquared = dx2 + dy2 return 0.0 Again, we could run the program at this stage and check the value of dsquared (which should be 25). Finally, using the fractional exponent 0.5 to find the square root, we compute and return the result. def distance(x1, y1, x2, y2): dx = x2 - x1 dy = y2 - y1 dsquared = dx2 + dy2 result = dsquared0.5 return result assert distance(1, 2, 1, 2) == 0 assert distance(1,2, 4,6) == 5 assert distance(0,0, 1,1) = 2**0.5 When you start out, you might add only a line or two of code at a time. As you gain more experience, you might find yourself writing and debugging bigger conceptual chunks. As you improve your programming skills you should find yourself managing bigger and bigger chunks: this is very similar to the way we learned to read letters, syllables, words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, etc., or the way we learn to chunk music — from individual notes to chords, bars, phrases, and so on. The key aspects of the process are: Make sure you know what you are trying to accomplish. Then you can write appropriate unit tests. Start with a working skeleton program and make small incremental changes. At any point, if there is an error, you will know exactly where it is. Use temporary variables to hold intermediate values so that you can easily inspect and check them. Once the program is working, you might want to consolidate multiple statements into compound expressions, but only do this if it does not make the program more difficult to read.
0.98122	Your precious purr buddy is all excited about her dinner and dives right in on that kibble you fed her. A few minutes later you hear the undeniable sounds of retching coming from near her dish. What causes your cat to throw up like that? And why does it happen right at meal time? Did you know there are two types of vomiting? Acute and Chronic. Acute vomiting is a sudden episode, likely brought on by eating too much and too fast and only lasts for a day or two. Chronic vomiting is ongoing and means that cats will throw up 1-2 times per day and will have other symptoms such as pain, weight loss and depression. Reasons Cats Why Throw Up Their Food 1. Ate Too Much Cats can get excited about feeding time and slurp up their food with abandon. This can lead to throwing up right after eating. There is only so much space in a cat's stomach, you know... Some people choose to feed cats smaller portions more often during the day. Other like to always have food in the bowl so the cat can eat as much as they like whenever they like. If you have a chonk, you might consider an electronic feeder that dispenses a smaller amount of food at regular times. 2. Ate or Drank Too Fast You know when you see that big blob of vomit near their food bowl? It still looks like food, but has liquid on it too. This is a sure sign of your cat eating too fast. This becomes a problem in multi-cat households when one cat regularly eats the food of the other cats, causing irregular eating habits and food binging. This is another situation where an electronic feeder could solve the problem of a cat needing to eat fast to get food. You might also consider feeding the cats in separate areas so they feel safe enough to eat at their own pace. If you see a small puddle of clear liquid near the bowl, your cats are likely drinking too fast. To alleviate this, keep a bowl of water nearby at all times so your kitties can sip water at their leisure. 3. Hairballs Hairballs resemble cat vomit, and you can expect your kitten to eject one every two weeks. It is considered a normal procedure for a cat to swallow hair while taking care of itself, and sometimes cats vomit balls of hair. If your cat frequently vomits hair balls, your veterinarian may suggest treatments such as diets to reduce hair formation, or groom your cat to reduce the volume of ingested hair. You can also try a food for hairball reduction, like Blue Buffalo hairball formula or a treatment that helps hairballs pass through the intestinal tract, like Richard's Organic hairball formula in chicken flavor. 4. Hard to Digest Foods Cats are natural predators and are likely to eat the bugs, birds,and rodentsthey come across. Which means they are eating the meat, fat, and bones of that animal as well. It might surprise you to know that most cat foods have bone and organs in them. These by-products bring a lot of nutrition to a cat's diet, but sometimes a cat has a hard time digesting them. If diarrhea shows up as well as throw up, it might be time to switch out your food. And look for treats - like Cat Man Doo freeze dried chicken treats - that are single protein and no preservatives. And cats go crazy for those things. 5. Ingredients in Food We all love to give our cats high quality food and treats, but rarely pay attention to all of the ingredients on the label. If your treats have emulsifiers, dyes, surfactants, additives and preservatives, then your cat may be reacting to those things in their food. One of the best ways to know what your cat is ingesting is to READ THE LABELbefore you buy food for them. Typical dry food label This food, which high quality and highly rated, is still full of lots of added preservatives and chemicals. Typical wet food label This wet food, which is advertised as chicken and turkey, still has lots of preservatives and added nutrients. Now it is misleading to think that all of these ingredients are GOOD or BAD for your cat. The best thing you can do is educate yourself about what works for your cat based on trying different foods until you find one that works. 6. Toxic Plants Some of our favorite houseplants are actually poisonous to cats. PetMD has a list of the most common toxic plants for cats. The list below is reprinted from the PetMD article: Amaryllis (Amaryllis spp.) Autumn Crocus (Colchicum autumnale) Azaleas and Rhododendrons (Rhododendron spp.) Castor Bean (Ricinus communis) Chrysanthemum, Daisy, Mum (Chrysanthemum spp.) Cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) Daffodils, Narcissus (Narcissus spp.) Dieffenbachia (Dieffenbachia spp.) English Ivy (Hedera helix) Hyacinth (Hyacintus orientalis) Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe spp.) Lily (Lilium sp.) Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis) Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) Oleander (Nerium oleander) Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum sp.) Pothos, Devil’s Ivy (Epipremnum aureum) Sago Palm (Cycas revoluta) Spanish Thyme (Coleus ampoinicus) Tulip (Tulipa spp.) Yew (Taxus spp.) If you have one or more of these plants, consider putting them in areas the cats don't frequent or cannot access. What about grass? Eating grass is traditionally thought of as a symptom of an upset stomach in a cat, but science now debunks this theory. Turns out that vomiting is an occasional by-product of eating grass. Studies showed that actually cats eat grass to help them get rid of intestinal parasites by exercising the muscles in the digestive tract. This is an evolutionary behavior that cats still employ today. In other words... don't worry about it. In fact, you should consider getting them their own grass to munch on. Toss a bunch of cat grass seeds into a pot filled with soil and watch your kitties munch away on all the grass in the pot when it gets nice and bushy. Those rascals may try to even eat the grass before it grows very big. 7. It's the Food If you decide to switch your cat's food, be sure to do so slowly. Introducing a new food too quickly can cause your cat's digestive system to overreact. A good ratio for transitioning is 1/4 new food days 1 to 3, growing to to 3/4 new food by days 7 to 10. Sometimes pet food companies will change formulas without sharing this information with their customers. Cat food, just like human food, has a "best by" date. Keep that label handy in case your feline friend begins throwing up. The information you are preserving is the product code and batch. If you put your food into a sealable container, be sure to cut out that part of the label and tape it to the container. If your cat needs a little extra assistance when dealing with a food transition issue, you can feed them plain pureed pumpkin, which is a great source of soluble fiber. Or try out a probiotic to give their stomach flora a boost. 8. Needs to be Groomed How often should you groom your cat? Well, it depends on the length of their fur. Vets recommend grooming long haired cats every day. If this is not possible, get a grooming tool like a Furminatoror SleekEZ to really get those loose hairs out and leave your feline looking sleek and beautiful. You should plan to groom your short haired cat about once a week. If you have a hard time getting them to sit still for grooming, feel free to give them little nibbles of treats to get them to sit still for a bit. As you get into a regular grooming pattern, they will settle down too because they know what to expect. 9. Minor Disruptions Cats can be very stoic so knowing that they feel bad or stressed can be very challenging. An upset stomach can be a symptom of a minor issue like a bladder infection, upper respiratory infection or ear infection. It can also be a sign of stress, especially if their regular routine is disrupted. While not overly serious on their own, ignoring these minor issues can lead to larger problems. 10. An Underlying Condition Last, but certainly not least is that if your cat continues to throw up and has other symptoms, it could mean there is a more serious underlying condition that needs your attention. Here are a few serious ones below: Acute Kidney or Liver Failure is caused by toxins in the kidney or liver, poor flow of fluids creating blockages, drugs or medications that damage the liver, and excessive heat. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - also known as IBD, is when a cat’s gastrointestinal (GI) tract becomes chronically irritated and inflamed. Gastroenteritis is a bacterial Infection of the GI tract and can be caused by everything from parasites to viruses to their new food. Pancreatitis, which is an inflammation of the pancreas caused by a blockage or damage to the pancreas. Call The Vet If... If you see your cat vomiting and any of these symptoms below are also present, call your vet right away: repeated vomiting cannot keep water down lethargy or listlessness cold, dry, pale, or yellow gums diarrhea blood in the vomit blood in the stool Freebie! Other Resources: We're huge fans of research. We encourage you to read as much as you can about why cats throw up and what you can do about it. Here are some extra resources to get you started! VCA Hospitals: Vomiting in Cats PetMD: Why Your Cat is Throwing Up and What To Do Veterinarians.org: Cat Vomiting: How To Tell If It's Serious ASPCA Pet Health Insurance: Icky Truth About Cat Puke Vet Help Direct: When Does A Cat Vomiting Need Veterinary Attention? Related Blog Posts 10 Reasons Why Your Dog is Throwing Up After Eating Why does a dog throw up? And when should you worry about it? This article covers things like eating too fast, eating non-food items, and more serious things like food ingredients and underlying conditions. dogs food health ingredients pet care pet health by Lisa Tamayo November 12, 2021 8 min read What Ingredient Do Picky Dogs and Cats Love? Why Pumpkin, Of Course! Do your dogs and cats refuse to eat the food you put out for them? What should you feed your picky pets? Try foods and treats with pumpkin in them. Here are some ways pumpkin improves a pet's health and gets them excited about meal time. animal health cat cat food dog dog food feeding finicky eater ingredients pumpkin by Lisa Tamayo October 29, 2021 3 min read How to Teach an Old Dog New Tricks (Literally) So you adopted an older dog and now the two of you are staring at each other wondering how life together is going to unfold. We have some great tips to get you started training your new furry friend. You really can teach an old dog new tricks. Category_Dog Collar Category_Smart Dog Collar Category_Uncategorized by Lisa Tamayo August 09, 2021 3 min read Keep Data Secure Edge of Innovation Animal People at Heart Family First Your Feedback is Essential Diversity Centric Culture Footer menu Terms and Conditions Shipping and Return Policy FAQ Contact Us © 2021 Scollar Personalized Pet Care. 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0.806139	Singapore, Nov 24, 2021 - (JCN Newswire) - Beng Kuang Marine Limited (the "Company" and together with its subsidiaries, the "Beng Kuang Group"), is pleased to share that its in-house team has designed and developed specialised dredging equipment for offshore tin mining activities. Highlights: - Designed and developed by its in-house team, the specialised dredging equipment has been tested for operational efficiency at various offshore tin mining sites within Indonesia - Strengthening the value propositions and service offerings under the Group's Infrastructure Engineering division as an innovative solutions provider for offshore tin mining activities - With dwindling surface deposits and more tin ore under the seafloor in Indonesia, tin mining activities have been moving to offshore sites in recent years(1) - Opportunities to create new revenue streams from the sales and installation of the proprietary specialised dredging equipment and/or providing offshore dredging services for tin concession holders in Indonesia and Malaysia Notably, the pilot phase of the Group's specialised dredging equipment was undertaken in collaboration with a leading tin smelter based in Indonesia. Installed on barges, the specialised dredging equipment has been tested for operational efficiency in various offshore tin mining sites in Indonesia with the following highlights: - Deep-water extraction of up to 60 metres - Capable of drilling and extraction of 8-10 holes daily - Extraction rate of 100 kg to 150 kg per hole Tin's high conductivity, low melting point, high specific gravity, low toxicity, and relative abundance makes it an essential component of modern electronics. In the early 2000s, electronics manufacturers and suppliers transitioned away from leaded to lead-free solders, with higher tin concentrations. As lead-free solders came to dominate the market, the demand for tin production surged(1). At 80,000 tons annually, Indonesia is the second largest tin producer in the world, just barely behind China's 85,000 tons. Tin mined in Indonesia and throughout the world is predominantly used in solders, both for electronics as well as for plumbing and other structural solders(1). Since 2020, the price of tin has been on a strong uptrend, due to severe supply tightness resulting from COVID-19 lockdowns, especially in Malaysia and Indonesia, major tin producers accounting for a combined 30% of global refined tin production in 2020, Fitch notes, that has yet to match up with demand despite easing slowly. Fitch expects tin demand to continue outstripping supply, pushing the market into deficit by 2026(2). With its specialised dredging equipment, Beng Kuang Group aims to develop new value propositions for offshore tin mining activities and create new revenue streams. Mr. Yong Jiunn Run, Chief Executive Officer of Beng Kuang Group, said, "There are strong key drivers in the demand for tin globally and while there are significant tin ore deposits within Indonesia's offshore regions, there are various operational challenges in such offshore tin mining activities. Utilising our technical expertise from multiple business areas, we are excited to showcase how our specialised dredging equipment, technology and services can enable tin concession owners in Asia to gain greater access to these offshore tin ore deposits and create more efficiency in these operations." (1) bit.ly/2ZiUQI6 (2) bit.ly/3oTEMW9 About Beng Kuang Marine Limited (Bloomberg: BKM:SP / Reuters: BENK.SI / SGX Stock Code: BEZ) Beng Kuang Marine Limited (the "Company", and together with its subsidiaries, the "Beng Kuang Group") was founded in 1994 and has been listed on Singapore Exchange since 15 October 2004. Over the years, Beng Kuang Group has been striving to be the "Preferred Partner" in providing total solutions for the marine, offshore oil and gas industries. As a testament to its commitment to quality, health and safety, many of its subsidiaries have been accredited with the relevant ISO certifications. Leveraging on its strong track record and established business networks, Beng Kuang Group continues to strategically grow its key businesses in Infrastructure Engineering, Corrosion Prevention, Supply & Distribution and Shipping. For more information, please visit http://www.bkmgroup.com.sg/ Issued on behalf of Beng Kuang Marine Limited by 8PR Asia Pte Ltd. Media & Investor Contacts: Mr. Alex TAN Mobile: +65 9451 5252 Email: [email protected] Copyright 2021 JCN Newswire. All rights reserved. www.jcnnewswire.com Subscribe to ScoopAsia Get the latest posts delivered right to your inbox Subscribe JCN Newswire JCN Newswire supports Japanese companies and organizations with press release distribution to stakeholders in Asia and worldwide. Read More — ScoopAsia — JCN Newswire Brewin Dolphin Reaches Key Milestone in its Digital Transformation Journey with Avaloq's SaaS Solution SEEK Asia Launches "Let's Get To Work" To Empower Job Seekers After "Great Resignation" アリックスパートナーズ、「2021年度健康意識・消費調査」を発表 See all 3088 posts → JCN Newswire NFT Marketplace nOFTEN Partners with FashionTV to Inspire Audiences with Premium Fashion Content BERLIN, Germany, Nov 24, 2021 - (JCN Newswire) - Digital artists in the growing metaverse of NFTs are finding it easy to share their raw vibe and artistry in a world without limitations. JCN Newswire 2 min read JCN Newswire Hector DAO Announces Decentralized Stablecoins, Replacing Centralized Stablecoins Bristol, UK, Nov 24, 2021 - (JCN Newswire) - Hector DAO is launching algorithmic decentralized stablecoins instead of using centralized coins such as USDT and USDC. HECTOR is a fork of OHM built
0.721471	A recent study suggests that pandemic lockdown may have increased myopia, or nearsightedness, in school-aged children. What is Myopia? Myopia, also known as nearsightedness or shortsightedness, is a worldwide health issue. Insufficient time outside is a significant risk factor in developing myopia, as well as increased near-work activity. The 2020 lockdown closed schools across the country and confined millions of children to their homes. While quarantine was essential to protect against the COVID-19 virus, too much time indoors may have negatively impacted children’s vision health. Lockdown Affected Children Ages Six to Eight the Most According to research published in JAMA Opthalmology, COVID quarantine may have increased myopia in children ages six to 13 in China, particularly children between six and eight. Researchers suggest higher levels of screentime due to online classes and more time spent on electronic devices negatively affect children’s vision. Researchers analyzed data of over 123,000 children aged 6 to 13 years from 10 elementary schools in Feicheng, China. The prevalence of myopia in 2020 was higher than myopic rates among all age groups in the past five years. Experts theorize that less time outdoors affects young children more significantly because their eyes are in an earlier stage of development, and myopia may be easier to control in younger children. Send Children Outside and Limit Screen Time Because children’s eyes are so sensitive to environmental factors, parents have an instrumental role in protecting their children’s vision. There are many ways parents can encourage healthy habits in their children during the critical period that can affect myopia: Encourage children to play outside every day for at least 40 minutes. Limit screen time. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no screen time (except video-chatting) in children younger than 18 to 24 months, and only educational media for young children. Establish a rule that that there is no screen time within an hour of bedtime. New research from The Sleep Foundation suggests blue light from electronic devices can impair children’s sleep. Artificial light disrupts the natural sleep-wake cycle by fooling the brain into not producing melatonin before bed. Schedule an Eye Exam Before the End of the Year Have you scheduled eye exams for your family? A comprehensive eye exam is one of the best decisions you can make for your eye health, and it only takes about an hour. Your eye doctor can assess your visual acuity and screen you for common eye diseases like glaucoma, cataracts and macular degeneration. Most vision plans cover one eye exam per year per covered individual, so don’t let time get away from you. Call your eye doctor today to make a comprehensive eye exam appointment for the whole family.
0.928111	Think of it this way: research indicates that the average vehicle is driven about 12,000 miles per year. A car with a toe angle misadjustment of 0.34 degrees (only 0.17 inches) out of specification will drag the tires sideways for more than 68 miles by the end of the year! What are the symptoms of a vehicle with incorrect alignment? Have your vehicle checked if you notice: Excessive or uneven tire wear The vehicle pulls to the left or right Feeling of looseness or wandering Steering wheel vibration or shimmy Steering wheel is not centered when the vehicle is moving straight ahead How often should I have my vehicle aligned? Follow the vehicle manufacturer’s recommendation noted in your owner’s manual. As a general rule, have your wheel alignment checked every 10,000 miles or at least once a year. The importance of Total Alignment: Reduced Tire Wear: Improper alignment is a major cause of premature tire wear. Over the years, a properly aligned vehicle can add thousands of miles to tire life. Most tires are replaced prematurely due to adverse wear. Better Gas Mileage: Gas mileage increases as rolling resistance decreases. Total Alignment sets all four wheels parallel, which along with proper inflation, minimizes rolling resistance. Improved Handling: Does your car pull to one side? Do you constantly have to move the steering wheel to keep your car traveling straight ahead? Many handling problems can be corrected by Total Alignment service. With all the vehicle components aligned properly, road shock is more efficiently absorbed for a smoother ride. Safer Driving: A suspension system inspection is part of the alignment procedure. This allows worn parts to be detected before they cause costly problems.
0.94593	Michelle Bachelet was born in Santiago on September 29th, 1951. She is the daughter of Alberto Bachelet, a General in the Chilean Air Force, and anthropologist Ángela Jeria; she is mother to Sebastián, Francisca and Sofia. During her childhood, Bachelet lived with her parents in Quintero, Antofogasta, the commune El Bosque in Santiago and the United States. Youth In 1964, Bachelet returned with her family to Chile, finishing her secondary studies as a distinguished and active student at Liceo N° 1, Javiera Carrera High School in Santiago. In 1970 she began studying in the Medical School at the University of Chile and became an active member of the Youth Socialist group, channeling her drive to serve others and her dedication to helping build a better country Coup d’état and Exile Following the coup d’état and while coping with the murder of her father in March of 1974, which came as a result of torture and excessive interrogations, Michelle Bachelet had to endure the plights of DINA agents at the Villa Grimaldi and Cualro Álamos detention centers where she was held with her mother. In 1975, both Bachelet and her mother were expelled from Chile. She lived in exile in Australia and Germany where she continued to study medicine and married Chilean architect Jorge Dávalos. Return and support for victims of the dictatorship In 1979 she returned to Chile and received her Medical Degree in Surgery and, thanks to her grades and publications, received a scholarship from the Chilean Association of Medicine to specialize in Pediatrics and Public Health at Roberto del Río Hospital. During the 1980’s, Bachelet held several social services positions in institutions such as the Pidee NGO, which is dedicated to providing professional help to children of those detained and victimized by the military regime in Santiago and Chillán Public service Beginning in 1990, and in conjunction with the return of democracy, Bachelet worked in the Westen Metropolitan Area Health Service; was incorporated into the National AIDS Commission (Conasida); was a consultant for the Pan-American Health Organization (OPS) and worked in the Ministry of Health on topics related to bettering primary care and management of services. In 1996, interested in participating in the remerging of the civil and military worlds, she specialized in topics related to National Defense, completing two courses on military strategy and continental defense. She later became an advisor to the Ministry of Defense. Health minister In March of 2000, Michelle Bachelet became the Health Minister in Ricardo Lagos Escobar’s government, where she headed up an important improvement process for reducing waiting times and laid the foundation for beginning an overhaul to the Chilean healthcare system. In a widespread and participative process that included citizen forums and round table discussions where users, businesspeople, experts, academics, professional associations, and health unions agreed upon and presented the first legal proposal for the Reform of Health Care Workers’ Rights and Responsibilities. Defense minister In 2002, she became the Defense Minister, making her the first woman to hold this position in Chile and Latin America. Under her direction, important changes were made to the Compulsory Military Service, the role of the Ministry and the Military Staff was strengthened, rights for women in the Armed Forces, Police and Investigatory Police were improved, and more Chilean peacekeeping forces were deployed across the world. President of Chile In March of 2006, after winning widespread support in elections the previous year, Bachelet became the first female President of the Republic, marking the beginning of a period where the government focused on achieving greater equality and social inclusion in Chile. Fundación Dialoga In 2010, after finishing her presidential term marked by record citizen support and approval, she created the Fundación Dialoga (Dialog Foundation) in order to continue contributing to the renewal of ideas from center-leftists and to serve as a motivational space for new leadership to form. International leadership In 2010 she becomes the President of the Social Protection Floor Advisory Group, a joint-initiative with the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) that works to promote social policies that stimulate economic growth and social cohesion. Under her leadership in 2011, the Council published a report titled “Social Protection Floor for a Fair and Inclusive Globalization,” which currently serves as a guide for the United Nations in this material. UN Women On September 14th, 2011, United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon named Michelle Bachelet the first Director of the recently created UN Women agency, an organization dedicated to fighting for the rights of women and girls internationally. On March 23rd, 2013, after two and a half years of service dedicated to increasing women’s political participation, women’s economic empowerment and fighting to put an end to violence against women, she resigns from the organization to return to Chile. Return and Presidential Candidacy On March 27th, 2013, Michelle Bachelet returned to Chile and publicly shared her decision to once again become a Presidential candidate, confirming her dedication to public service and to those Chileans who feel she possesses the necessary leadership skills that the country needs.
0.999991	<p><p>PULLMAN – One of them observes quietly and speaks softly. The other has a booming voice, and employs it often.</p></p><p><p>Washington State’s football team is beginning to get familiar with its two new assistant coaches – run-and-shoot veterans Dan Morrison (quarterbacks) and Dennis McKnight (offensive line), both of whom were hired last week after coach Nick Rolovich and four Coug assistants lost their jobs.</p></p><p><p>Both the boisterous McKnight and the more subdued Morrison were cleared for employment Friday by the university. They helped out where they could during WSU’s 21-19 loss to BYU on Saturday, and they started to work hands-on with the Cougars this week.</p></p><p><p>Interim coach Jake Dickert is picking up on the coaching characteristics that distinguish the two.</p></p><p><p>Morrison might be described as a quarterback whisperer. McKnight has offensive lineman written all over him.</p></p><p><p>“Coach Morrison, he’s very methodical,” Dickert said Wednesday when asked to talk about their personalities and leadership styles. “He’s not a big yeller or screamer. He’s a (coach who will) bring you in close, ‘Hey, let’s talk about what you’re seeing, what you’re reading. Here’s what I saw.’</p></p><p><p>“He really wants the input from (quarterback) Jayden (de Laura). … He’s just very much a teacher of the game and a believer in people.”</p></p><p><p>WSU’s former quarterbacks coach, Craig Stutzmann, was one of the five Cougar coaches terminated Oct. 18 for failing to comply with a state COVID-19 vaccination mandate.</p></p><p><p>Morrison owns 16 years of experience teaching run-and-shoot QBs. He worked under June Jones, one of the system’s pioneering figures, at Hawaii and SMU from 1999 to 2014. Morrison was Rolovich’s position coach at Hawaii in the early 2000s.</p></p><p><p>“He doesn’t really say too much, but when he says a lot, it means a lot,” said de Laura, whose uncle – Mel de Laura – coached alongside Morrison for several years .</p></p><p><p>McKnight is a quintessential O-line coach, a brick of a man who wore an intense look and was the only WSU coach to go without a jacket while the Cougars warmed up in steady rainfall ahead of the BYU game.</p></p><p><p>The former 11-year NFL guard is an “energy starter,” Dickert said.</p></p><p><p>“He’s got a big, barrel-chested loud voice – big roar. His passion shows. He’s your classic O-line coach who loves the game,” Dickert continued of McKnight, who has a decade of experience in that role and has spent a handful of seasons teaching big men in the run-and-shoot offense. “You can hear coach McKnight from miles away. I love his energy and I think he’s been really good for our football team.”</p></p><p><p>WSU O-line coach Mark Weber was fired Oct. 18.</p></p><p><p>Dickert has made it clear to the team that the new assistants were not added to replace Rolovich and the departed staffers, but rather to help ease the Cougars through the coaching shakeup and provide stability for the remainder of the season.</p></p><p><p>“We don’t need a bunch of change here in the last four weeks of the season,” Dickert said.</p></p><p><p>Morrison and McKnight will offer valuable run-and-shoot insights for the players and coaches – “maybe a new way to look at some things,” Dickert said.</p></p><p><p>“I think our guys have really accepted (that),” he said. “I think you’re a lifelong learner in whatever you do, so even our older guys are seeing a different perspective.”</p></p><p><p>Together, they will also relieve much of the burden that was placed on offensive coordinator Brian Smith, a longtime run-and-shooter who readopted play-calling duties on the fly and essentially coached three position groups throughout last week’s slate of practices.</p></p><p><p>“He had a lot of weight on his shoulders, but I think he was excited to show who he is, what he can do, what his plan was, and I thought, for the most part, we executed really well on Saturday,” Dickert said of Smith. “You gotta remember that they were going through a lot – different people in the box, different people upstairs. He was downstairs (Smith had been in the box earlier this season). We lost our signal person. There’s a lot of things behind the scenes, but I thought he handled it really well.”</p></p><p><p>Although Morrison and McKnight know this offensive system well, there will be a learning period as they get accustomed to the Cougars’ methods of teaching. Dickert offered an example.</p></p><p><p>“My background is in Tampa 2 (a defensive scheme), but just because I go work for another person in the Tampa 2 … it’s not always going to be the same verbiage and language, and teaching progressions,” he said.</p></p><p><h3>Cougs talk new-look defensive staff</h3></p><p><p>WSU elevated defensive analyst Jordan Malone into the cornerbacks job, which was left vacant when the school parted ways with John Richardson Oct. 18.</p></p><p><p>Chau Smith-Wade said the Cougar corners have stayed consistent in their demeanors.</p></p><p><p>“The room is still active. We still have a close bond. We’re just ready to move ahead,” the sophomore CB said when asked about Malone, a former defensive coordinator/DBs coach at Division II Augustana University in South Dakota.</p></p><p><p>“Coach Malone was in the room with coach Rich, so we already had a relationship with him. … We’re starting to get a vibe for the new staff, the changes. We’re getting used to everything and everything is starting to move back to how it was, with the energy.”</p></p><p><p>Edge coach A.J. Cooper’s responsibilities expanded last week after defensive tackles coach Ricky Logo was terminated. Cooper, who had spent the past 11 years mentoring defensive ends at Wyoming and North Dakota State, is now in charge of all defensive linemen.</p></p><p><p>“I know with (the D-tackles), switching coaches is hard, but (Cooper) has done a fantastic job keeping the normalcy, the routine and not trying to change too much, and standing on the foundation that was left by coach Logo,” edge Brennan Jackson said. “It’s been very normal in practice. He’s done a great job balancing out the time. For us, it hasn’t changed much, but I can definitely see he’s working overtime.”</p></p><p><p>The Cougars have quickly refocused and established a regular routine at practices, Jackson said, crediting Dickert and the remaining assistants for “putting in the extra hours to make sure this week goes by as seamless as possible.”</p></p>
0.999995	More than graphic design, typography is an expression of technology, precision and good order. Typography is no longer concerned with meeting the lofty and difficult demands of art but with satisfying, formally and functionally, the everyday requirements of a craft. ― Emil Ruder [1] For most of the last century, corporations have licensed their corporate typefaces from type foundries. Even as typesetting technology changed and the number of typefaces proliferated, custom typography was quite rare. The idea of commissioning or creating a custom typeface for exclusive use by a single company or brand is relatively new in the history of typography. Erik Spiekermann argues that this is a result of the personal computer. While it was possible, financially and technically, to design and produce a typeface exclusively for the use of one company, it was not really feasible. Once, however, the same personal computer that was used to design typefaces and produce fonts was also used as the main communication tool inside companies, it became easier to convince marketing and technical people alike that fonts were meant for more than the occasional campaign headline, and easier to implement than new versions of Windows. ― Erik Spiekermann [2] Traditional businesses have been doing this for decades, but there has been a growing trend among technology companies. It all started with the larger companies such as Apple, Microsoft and Nokia, but in the last decade has spread to smaller companies as well. A timeline of notable technology companies' typeface releases A timeline of notable technology companies' typeface releases Why does this matter? Though typography as we know it is centuries old, it has only increased in importance with time. It’s integral to how we communicate with each other, even today, where printed media has given way to digital interfaces. In fact, you can argue that UI is mostly typography. Typography is essential to web interfaces Also, as Marshall McLuhan said, “the medium is the message”. For most communication, typography is that medium. In the increasingly branded world we live in today, where we interact with brands nearly every second of our lives, typography has become an important facet of brand. Corporations and brands speak to their customers, employees, the press. To the public, in public. They do so mainly in writing, regardless of the medium. Even a TV spot cannot exist without showing the brand name or the claim: both are writing. In other words, most of what we know about a brand or a product is what we've read about it. ― Erik Spiekermann[3] As technology companies realize the importance of brand and the impact it has on their business, they naturally pay closer attention to typography. Why Go Custom? Why do we see this trend of companies investing the enormous amount of time and money required to develop custom typefaces? A selection of technology companies’ custom typefaces The most obvious reason is cost. Developing a custom typeface can eliminate the recurring licensing fees that must be paid to foundries. IBM [4] and Netflix [5] claim to save millions of dollars per year by switching from Helvetica to IBM Plex and Gotham to Netflix Sans, respectively. Another reason is support for multiple languages. Many companies in western countries may start by using a typeface that only covers Latin script. As their userbase or business footprint grows geographically, they’ll have to start supporting other scripts. Some companies get past this hurdle by licensing other typefaces that cover those target scripts. However, that can come with even more licensing costs, as Intel experienced before it commissioned Dalton Maag to create Clear Sans: Additionally, because the fonts only covered the Latin script, alternative fonts had to be used for communication in languages beyond those of Western Europe, such as Greek, Russian, Chinese, and Arabic, locking Intel into expensive annual licensing fees for multiple lookalike fonts that were, nonetheless not exclusive to them. [6] Some companies will commission a type foundry to expand one of their typefaces to support additional scripts. However, this begs the question, “if you are commissioning additional scripts, why not commission a completely custom typeface?” Just 3 of the 19 scripts that Nokia Pure supports In the second half of the twentieth century, typographers started noticing that typefaces suited for typesetting technology of the time like hot metal typesetting and phototypesetting, weren’t suited to the computer screen. These typefaces that were made for older non-digital technologies simply didn’t render very well on pixel-based screens. Without optimization, tranditional outline fonts don't render well Without optimization, tranditional outline fonts don't render well In order to adapt to displaying type on computer screens, existing typefaces were modified and entirely new typefaces were created. It’s this logic that Intel used in commissioning Intel Clear. Intel had been using its previous typeface for over ten years, but with an increased global presence and the rise in digital media, issues with their legacy fonts began to emerge. Because these had been originally designed for print, there were significant problems with reproduction and clarity when they were used on screen. [7] Remarkably, many younger technology companies are going in the opposite direction. They initially used typefaces suited for screens, but have found the need to expand to print and the rest of the physical world. Part of scaling online to offline is how people see Airbnb in the real world. Online should mirror what they see offline, and vice-versa. But, there wasn’t a font out there that could actually do that. So, we created one. [8] Airbnb’s Cereal typeface as seen on a billboard. photo credit Companies like Apple and Samsung, with their wide portfolio of digital and physical products and services, have united their brands and products under a singular typeface. Apple went further and didn’t just work within the numerous constraints posed by both the digital and physical world. In creating San Francisco, it reinvented how type is rendered altogether. Apple even uses the San Francisco typeface on its keyboards Should Custom Typefaces Exist? The custom typeface is a great solution to many of the problems design teams are facing today. However, I’d like to put forth three conditions to be followed. First, companies should do it for the right reasons and be honest about those reasons. Sadly, much of the justification behind typefaces from some very admirable companies is quite shallow. I can’t help but feel that some of these companies wanted a custom typeface simply because that’s what everyone else is doing. This cargo cult mentality that is so prevalent in design is at best wasteful and at worst illegal. Christian Schwartz at the venerable Commercial Type foundry actually tries to convince clients out of commissioning a custom typeface. With every new client who wants us to draw something custom, the first part of our process is to try to talk them out of it. Just to make sure that they’re doing it for the right reason, that they need something and there isn’t something that exists already that could suit their needs perfectly. Because it’s a waste of somebody’s time and their money if we’re just recreating something for them that already exists. Life’s too short for that. [9] The second condition is that companies must commit to understanding typography and devoting the resources needed for a well-executed typeface. Like I pointed out earlier, typography is an important component of brand. However, it’s foolish to approach type design as purely a brand exercise. It is important to understand that a typeface is not a piece of art. it has a purpose, like a chair or an engine have. accordingly, before even putting pencil to paper, it is important to understand the requirements of what the typeface is trying to achieve. only once these requirements are known should actual design commence. - Bruno Maag [10] Take YouTube Sans as an example. I’ll give Saffron, Letterjuice, URW++ and YouTube’s UX team credit for trying to stand out from the rest of the crowd. Unfortunately, YouTube Sans is simply poorly executed. Haphazardly cutting bits off of a familiar looking typeface isn’t a very good way to craft something that is meant to serve a functional purpose. YouTube Sans, an otherwise standard-looking typeface with random bits cut off Similarly, Google’s Roboto also drew considerable criticism for its execution when it was launched. What’s admirable is that Google proved its commitment to type design by continually updating and improving Roboto. My third condition is more of an ask to designers out there mulling a custom typeface. Could we try to make them different than what’s out there already? During my research process, I noted down the keywords used to describe some of the typefaces. As I read through the list, the same words kept coming up over and over: friendly, modern, clean, simple, human. It’s like everyone wants something that they can use to define their brand, yet they really just want a slightly different version of what everyone has. How unique are these typefaces anyway? I really wish more companies would look to Ubuntu and IBM for inspiration when designing a typeface. IBM Plex Sans starts out as a grotesque sans-serif, but incorporates some quirks straight from its logo that make the typeface more unique. The Ubuntu typeface avoids the ubiquitous grotesque and geometric styles altogether in favor of a humanist-style that is instantly recognizable. Ubuntu and IBM’s Plex Sans really stand out Closing Thoughts I’m happy that companies recognize the power of typography and are investing more resources into creating their own typefaces. We designers need to remind ourselves that we have a tremendous responsibility when working with type. We need to examine the justifications behind our decisions and set the bar high for execution. We should also challenge ourselves to think differently than others. Can we create something that functions as well or better than anything else out there while looking totally unique? Typographie: A Manual of Design · Emil Ruder ↩︎ Erik Spiekermann on why type is brand · Creative Bloq ↩︎ Erik Spiekermann on why type is brand · Creative Bloq ↩︎ IBM has freed itself from the tyranny of Helvetica · Quartz ↩︎ Netflix unveils Netflix Sans, a new custom typeface developed with Dalton Maag · It's Nice That ↩︎ Dalton Maag's case study for Intel Clear · Dalton Maag ↩︎ Dalton Maag's case study for Intel Clear · Dalton Maag ↩︎ Airbnb launches new bespoke font Cereal, designed with Dalton Maag for online and offline fluidity · Is Nice That ↩︎
0.999978	I hope this letter finds your families safe and well, and that you are able to make the most of this amazing weather. I felt it was important to contact you regarding the next steps in our plan to support the Year 12 cohort with their qualifications. You may be aware that the school will be using the Microsoft ‘Teams’ App to support our Year 7 to 10 students with their home learning. The plans for Year 12 are going to be even more structured and our staff will be delivering live lessons to students to ensure they not only feel supported, but to make sure we make the most of the time we have to ensure their qualifications are impacted as little as possible in the continued closures. There have been trials of this new approach to learning in some Science and Sport lessons. The response has been overwhelmingly positive for staff and students, with both feeling far more reassured and supported in this face to face directed learning. The plan is for ALL Year 12 students to be in every live lesson with their staff so everyone can benefit from this simple but effective teaching method. The timetable students will follow is shown below: Day Live lesson time 10.00 - 10.45 11.00 - 11.45 3.15 - 4.00 Monday Biology Performance Applied Science Maths English IT Media Sport Tuesday Art Business English H&S Care Physics Biology Chemistry Photography Wednesday Chemistry English IT Media Art Biology H&S Care Media Sport Applied Science Physics Thursday Business Chemistry English H&S Care Maths Performance Sport Applied Science Photography Physics Friday Applied Science Sport Biology Chemistry Media Physics 12.00 - 12.15 Assembly ALL students You will notice that the lesson times are shorter than those we have in school. This is because the evidenced based research tells us that the capacity to learn in this virtual way is reduced. To ensure students and staff have high quality interactions the lessons have decreased in length. It is expected that students will attend promptly and be ready to learn using either their device or have pen and paper to engage in tasks and activities in the lesson. The school have sent out guidelines as to expectations of how students engage with Teams. For this to be a positive step forward the following points need to be highlighted: Students are expected to: · Behave in the way they would in a school classroom · Be dressed appropriately · Have located their device in an appropriate area of their home · Work and engage with staff in a positive and polite manner Staff are expected to: · Plan an appropriate lesson to support their students’ progress · Have a second member of staff in the lesson · Be dressed appropriately · Behave in the professional manner they use in a school setting Reopening of the school You will probably be aware that the Government have recommended schools look to move to a phased and partial reopening from 15 June 2020 for Year 10 and Year 12 students. As a school we are working with the appropriate bodies and organisations to make this possible for your son/daughter. This will mean that the Live learning timetable will evolve to include some lessons in school when possible. I will communicate more details when they are finalised and the reopening is scheduled to happen. Thank you I would like to thank you and the students for your support so far in continuing their education under these difficult circumstances. Can I ask that you continue to support us in this next phase of live learning by ensuring that your son/daughter is accessing the lessons and completing the work they have set. The more that we as a school do to engage in learning now, will reap rewards as your son/daughter's returns into Year 13. If you have any questions, please feel free to send me an email or discuss this further with your son/daughter’s tutor in their safe and well call this week.
0.982003	Omicron variant discovered in Chicago, marking first case detected in Illinois of latest COVID-19 version Hailstorm Brewing co-owner ousted after calling allegation of groping at Wisconsin beer fest ‘accurate’: ‘It was one of the worst things I’ve ever done.’ With testimony completed, closing arguments set for Wednesday in Jussie Smollett’s trial for reporting allegedly phony hate crime West Humboldt Park neighbors pushing for benefits agreement before Amazon facility arrives Jujhar Khaira is ‘very responsive’ after taking a scary hit and leaving on a stretcher during the Chicago Blackhawks’ 6-2 loss to the New York Rangers Daily horoscope for December 8, 2021 Lawsuit that sought to keep McHenry, Kankakee county jails for immigration detainees is dismissed ‘Like something out of Looney Tune adventures’: Jussie Smollett finally tells jury his version of attack prosecutors allege he orchestrated on himself Senado aprueba plan de reforma migratoria para Estados Unidos Former Illinois State University football coach who removed Black Lives Matter poster alleges violation of First Amendment rights in lawsuit Ask Amy: Homeowner’s racial call-out offends family Plan to allow sports betting at Chicago arenas stumbles amid concerns about casino competition Chicago mulls proof-of-vaccine entry rules as COVID-19 surges again and first omicron case reported Cannabis industry in Illinois sees increasing minority ownership — but delayed startups say they may have to sell out Advertisement Advertisement Arts and Culture Classmates and teacher, grieving for a student By Chris Jones and Chris Jones Apr 02, 2013 at 4:55 PM Most big high schools are not unfamiliar with students dying. Teens can and do crash cars, get shot by other teenagers and, less often, die of natural causes — such as the brain aneurysm that fells Dane, one of the main characters in "The Dream of the Burning Boy." It's an affecting new play from a young and talented New York-based writer named David West Read now in its first Midwest production at the Profiles Theatre, a company known for its ability to find talented young actors. With striking veracity and sensitivity, Read's 2011 play (first produced by the Roundabout Theatre in New York) chronicles how grief plays out in the American school system with its various tried-and-tested systems of crisis counselors, group therapy, memorials and special dispensations. In the best sections of this play, we meet ordinary students, including Rachel (Alaina Stacey), the sister of the dead kid, trying to navigate their way through this maze of pain. Read is especially sure-footed when it comes to the furiously angry Rachel (the excellent Stacey is herself still at Whitney Young High School), a character who quickly figures out that officially sanctioned mourning can actually be an attractive state for teenagers as it offers drama, attention for the bereaved, excuses for missing class and general emotional bathos, for which Stacey's wholly credible character has no time whatsoever. Advertisement Similarly, the play homes in on the problem faced by Chelsea (Marilyn Bass), who was dating, kind of, the kid who has died and now finds herself judged and second-guessed by everyone yet unsure of whether to play the grieving significant other or just another kid with complex teenage relationships. The main thrust of the play, as manifest in this production, is less secure. It centers on Dane's English teacher, Larry (Darrell W. Cox), a buttoned-down professional who finds himself having dreams about his deceased student, who dies after a seemingly normal encounter in Larry's office. The play suggests something of a mystery about the true nature of their relationship and also probes Larry's relationship with Steve (Eric Burgher), a former student who has joined the school's staff and become an overly enthusiastic guidance counselor. Cox has his moments, but what is missing here is a clear sense of how this teacher is on a normal day and how that contrasts with what has happened to him in this terrible situation. In other words, the normative referent is missing and thus we don't see a man unravel, which appears to be what Read intended. Burgher captures the humor of his annoying but well-meaning guy, an apt satirical twist, but these goofy scenes sometimes tip over to the wrong side of believability. Advertisement Advertisement In other words, director Joe Jahraus' production has some deftly directed individual moments, especially those in which the young actors (Joel Collins is also part of that group) let rip, but it struggles to find the right consistent tone. It feels woolly, muddy and overly staccato in places (the best scenes seem to come in bursts and then dissipate) and doesn't stay true to the best course: painful truths, slowly revealed as life goes on anyway. [email protected] Twitter @ChrisJonesTrib When: Through April 28 Where: Profiles Theatre, 4147 N. Broadway Running time: 1 hour, 30 minutes Tickets: $35-$40 at 773-549-1815 or profilestheatre.org Arts and Culture Advertisement Advertisement Advertisement Advertisement Advertisement Advertisement Most Read Horoscopes Daily horoscope for December 7, 2021 Dec 7, 2021 Breaking News Omicron variant discovered in Chicago, marking first case detected in Illinois of latest COVID-19 version Dec 7, 2021 Drink Hailstorm Brewing co-owner ousted after calling allegation of groping at Wisconsin beer fest ‘accurate’: ‘It was one of the worst things I’ve ever done.’
0.999772	Adding a room, renovating a basement, or doing some much-needed repairs around your home can be a big undertaking. Finding a trustworthy contractor is an important first step. Scammers will promise to do the work, but leave you and your home worse off than when you started. They may do shoddy work, damage your home, overcharge you, or just take your money without performing any services. So how do you tell the difference between a trustworthy contractor and a scammer? Before you hire a contractor, learn how to recognize the signs of a home improvement scam. Signs of a Home Improvement Scam How To Avoid a Home Improvement Scam The Home Improvement Loan Scam Report a Problem For More Information Signs of a Home Improvement Scam How can you tell if a contractor might not be reputable? Here are some tactics scammers use: Scammers knock on your door looking for business because they are “in the area.” Scammers say they have materials left over from a previous job. Scammers pressure you for an immediate decision. Scammers ask you to pay for everything up front or only accept cash. Scammers ask you to get any required building permits. Scammers suggest you borrow money from a lender they know. How To Avoid a Home Improvement Scam Here are some tips to help protect yourself and your money: Consider only contractors who are licensed and insured. Check with your state or county government to confirm their license and ask the contractor for proof of insurance. Get contractor recommendations from people you know and trust. Check with the local Home Builders Association and consumer protection officials to see if they have complaints against a contractor. You also can search online for the company’s name with words like “scam,” “review,” or “complaint.” Or use online rating websites you trust to see what others are saying about the contractor. Get multiple estimates. A written estimate should include a description of the work to be done, materials, completion date, and the price. Don’t automatically choose the lowest bidder. And ask for an explanation if there’s a big difference among the estimates. Read the contract carefully. Contract requirements vary by state. Even if your state doesn’t require a written agreement, ask for one. Before you sign a contract, make sure it includes the contractor’s name, address, phone, and license number an estimated start and completion date any promises made during conversations or calls related to issues such as the scope of work and the cost of labor and materials a written statement of your right to cancel the contract within three business days, if you signed it in your home or at a location other than the seller’s permanent place of business And, make sure all blank spaces are filled in. Don’t pay the full amount for the project up front. Some states actually limit the amount of money a contractor can ask for as a down payment. Contact your state or local consumer agency to find out the law in your area. And never make the final payment until the work is done and you’re satisfied with it. The Home Improvement Loan Scam Sometimes, contractors will not just scam you through the work they do — or don’t do. Sometimes, they’ll actually set up a scam that ends with a loan against your home. Here’s how it works: a contractor calls or comes to your door. He offers a deal to install a new roof or remodel your kitchen. He says he can arrange financing through a lender he knows. After he starts work, he asks you to sign papers. They may be blank — or he might hustle you along and not give you time to read through them. Later, you find out you’ve agreed to a home equity loan with a high interest rate, points, and fees. What’s worse, the work on your home isn’t done right or isn’t completed, and the contractor — who may already have been paid by the lender — has stopped returning your calls. To avoid a loan scam Never agree to financing through your contractor without shopping around and comparing loan terms. Never agree to any loan without understanding the terms of the loan and knowing whether you can make the payments. Don’t sign a document you haven’t read, or that has blank spaces. Don’t let anyone pressure you into signing any document. Never transfer your deed to anyone without consulting an attorney, a knowledgeable family member, or someone else you trust. Report a Problem If you have a problem with a home improvement project First try to resolve it with the contractor. Many disputes can be resolved at this level. Follow any phone conversations with a letter you send by certified mail. Request a return receipt, so you can prove that the company got your letter.
0.996172	Crash.net previews this weekend’s United States Grand Prix, the 17th round of the 2021 Formula 1 world championship, with the title battle between Max Verstappen and Lewis Hamilton set to heat up. F1 returns to COTA Grand prix racing finally returns to the Circuit of the Americas this weekend as F1 heads to Texas for the first time in two years. The COVID-19 pandemic meant the US Grand Prix was absent from last year’s calendar but Austin is primed to stage its first F1 event since 2019. COTA marks a home race for the Haas team, while Williams also considers the US GP to be something of a second ‘home’ event for the British-based outfit following its takeover by American investment firm Dorilton Capital last year. The circuit has been both a fan and driver favourite ever since it first joined the F1 calendar in 2012 and this season it will play host to one of the closest and most exciting title battles in years between Max Verstappen and Lewis Hamilton. Related Articles McLaren reveals one-off livery for Abu Dhabi F1 finale Brawn defends Masi's handling of controversy in F1 Saudi GP XPB_913327_HiRes.jpg Will Red Bull surprise at a ‘Mercedes track’? Just six points separate Verstappen and Hamilton with six races remaining in this year’s title run-in. Verstappen regained the lead of the championship at the last race in Turkey as he finished second to Valtteri Bottas, while Hamilton was a frustrated fifth having recovered from a 10-place engine penalty that left him starting 11th on the grid. COTA has been a Mercedes stronghold in the past, with the German marquee claiming five wins from the last six US GP’s. Hamilton has a particularly enviable record, having won five of the eight races to have taken place in Austin. Related Articles How can the 2021 F1 world titles be won in Abu Dhabi? Racing rules ‘don’t apply to one of us’ - F1 title fight turns ugly Another victory this weekend - and a third in a row for Mercedes - would see Hamilton move back into the lead of the world championship, regardless of where Verstappen finishes. Red Bull is expecting Mercedes to once again be the class of the field at the US GP and is targeting the following races at higher-altitude venues in Mexico and Brazil as its best chance of striking back. XPB_1019878_HiRes.jpg “We know the next race in Austin has been a Hamilton stronghold for quite a few years," said Red Bull team principal Christian Horner. "But then Mexico and Brazil, hopefully higher altitude races tended to be quite strong for us in the past. “Then I'm really not sure what to expect from the last three. It's going to be fascinating, but you know we are going to have to be at the very top of our game.” Although Red Bull has not won at COTA since 2013, Verstappen finished just five seconds behind Bottas in 2019, and came even closer to victory in 2018 when he took second. Those performances will provide Red Bull some hope that it can mount a sterner challenge to Mercedes this time around with its far more competitive RB16B. Can Ferrari leapfrog McLaren? Ferrari was able to reduce the gap to McLaren in their close fight for third in Turkey as the Scuderia took 10 points out of their nearest rivals in one fell swoop. It means that with six races to go, the two teams are split by just 7.5 points. On paper, COTA is a track that should suit McLaren given its straight-line performance this year, but with both teams so evenly matched, it is almost impossible to say with confidence who will have the edge on any given weekend. 2962469.0064.jpg Ferrari has been boosted by a power unit upgrade introduced over the last two races and the improved engine - believed to be worth between 8-9bhp - could prove a key factor in the battle for P3 in the constructors’ championship. The calculated risk of introducing its new power unit for 2022 early may end up proving beneficial both this year and next. It will be fascinating to see how the tussle between McLaren and Ferrari plays out in Austin and into the remaining races this season. Behind the Verstappen-Hamilton showdown, it promises to be one of the major storylines to follow. Will Austin’s bumps give drivers a headache? COTA’s bumpy track surface was a major talking point during the Grand Prix of the Americas earlier this month after MotoGP riders slammed the circuit as “dangerous” and “a joke”. MotoGP riders believe the circuit needs at least a partial resurfacing in order for the race in April 2022 to go ahead as planned, with a request being put in place before the world championship returns next year. Bumps have been an ever-present for F1 drivers since the venue joined the calendar in 2012 but the FIA has been in dialogue with COTA to try and improve the problem ahead of this weekend’s United States GP following MotoGP’s issues. It is unlikely that the situation will be completely addressed by the time F1 cars hit the track on Friday, meaning the surface could end up impacting proceedings and lead to potential set-up headache for the teams across the weekend. XPB_1020247_HiRes.jpg < Previous Ricciardo: Verstappen winning F1 title would be ‘feel-good’ story > Next Why Ferrari's F1 engine gamble could pay off in 2021 and 2022 Follow Crash Latest Articles F1 McLaren reveals one-off livery for Abu Dhabi F1 finale F1 Brawn defends Masi's handling of controversy in F1 Saudi GP World Superbikes Caricasulo joins Althea Racing Ducati for 2022 WorldSSP season World Superbikes Rea: No question Toprak would be 'the guy, has less weaknesses than others' MotoGP Sam Lowes: I must fight for the World Championship in 2022 More Related Articles F1 Horner: Verstappen undervalued against ‘better’ Mercedes F1 car F1 Piastri gets rookie F1 test outing for Alpine in Abu Dhabi F1 Losing Jeddah F1 podium on the line “hard to swallow” for Ocon F1 F1 Driver Ratings from the 2021 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix F1 F1 front wing damage cost Hamilton 0.4s of performance Latest Videos World Superbikes Mantan Pembalap MotoGP Jonas Folger Tinggalkan BMW Bonovo F1 VIDEO: Lima Livery Tebaik Sepanjang Sejarah F1 GP Monaco F1 VIDEO: Top five Formula 1 Monaco Grand Prix liveries F1 VIDEO: Berita F1 - Rangkuman Cerita Terbesar Pekan ini F1 Video: F1 news round up - The biggest stories of the week Site Map Home F1 MotoGP World Superbike BSB BTCC World Rally Network Magazines Bikesport News GolfMagic Visordown Contact Crash.Net Privacy Policy Get Crash RSS Newsfeeds About Crash.Net ©1999-2021 Crash Media Group The total or partial reproduction of text, photographs or illustrations is not permitted in any form.
0.923698	If you’re poised to get a new German Shepherd pup but can’t decide what to call it, here’s some inspiration from the global family of dog owners. By David Hepburn Thursday, 25th November 2021, 12:01 pm A huge number of us decided to welcome new puppies into our homes last year – according to Kennel Club figures dog ownership soared by nearly eight percent – and post-lockdown demand for four-legged friends remains high. There are a whopping 221 different breeds of pedigree dog to choose from, alongside numerous crossbreeds, so there’s plenty of thinking to do before you select your family’s latest addition. But even when you’ve settled on a type of dog, there’s still the tricky task of choosing a name. If you’ve opted for an adorable German Shepherd then personalised gift site yappy.com can help – they’ve surveyed thousands of their customers to come up with the most popular names people choose for their loveable German Shepherd. Here are their top 10 German Shepherd names. Read more Dog treats UK 2021: treats to entertain your puppy or dog, including food and fun toys to play with These are the 10 most popular puppy names chosen by new dog owners in the UK over lockdown Best dog beds 2021: stylish, comfortable dog beds for all kinds of dogs, and every owner’s budget Here are the 13 most popular breeds of cute and adorable dog in the UK 1. Kaiser The most popular name for German Shepherds is Kaiser. It's a German name, meaning 'emperor'. Earlier this year a German Shepherd police dog called Kaiser was hailed a hero after being stabbed five times in the head when he caught a man trying to break into a house. He survived the attack and returned to duty. Photo: Canva/Getty Images Photo Sales 2. Bear The runner-up spot for most popular German Shepherd name goes to Bear. It's another German name (not surprising, given the breed of dog) that means 'strong and brave'. Photo: Canva/Getty Images Photo Sales 3. Zeus The final podium place for most popular German Shepherd name goes to Zeus. Zeus was the king of the gods in Greek mythology, with the name meaning 'sky father'. Photo: Canva/Getty Images Photo Sales 4. Bella Bella is the fourth most popular name with German Shepherd owners. It's a lovely name for a lovely dog - meaning 'beautiful' in a number of languages, including Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. Photo: Canva/Getty Images Photo Sales Next Page Page 1 of 3 This website and its associated newspaper are members of Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) Follow us on Explore News Sport East Fife Raith Rovers What's On Lifestyle More from Fife Today Announcements Jobs Public Notices Must Read Buy a Photo Directory Newspaper Archive Useful Links Contact Us Advertise My Business Advertise a Job Place your Ad Subscribe Events Newsletter Archive Readers Charter ©JPIMedia Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.Cookie SettingsTerms and ConditionsPrivacy policyModern Slavery Statement
0.965879	If you’ve decided to invest in making a custom mobile app for your business, what steps do you need to take to protect that investment over time? While building an app has never been easier, it has also led to a number of apps that seem to degrade almost as quickly as they’re developed—in fact, it’s one of the biggest obstacles in app development today. Fortunately, there are some straightforward solutions that you can set in motion before, during, and after app development to help ensure you build a custom mobile app that lasts. What does it mean to have a custom mobile app that lasts? Sadly, apps can quickly become obsolete due to constantly changing and updating technology, including your business’ app. For instance, when phones are updated to the latest version of their operating systems, it can break some of the functionality of your app. These breaks could create a small bug where part of your app doesn’t work properly, or it could change the security permissions that your app needs to function, making it crash entirely. Even hardware updates, such as phone screens getting a narrower design and the operating system being updated accordingly, could throw off the layout of your entire app, making it hard to use for newer phones. Even though you want to make a mobile app that your customers will want to use for a long time, it’s impossible to keep your app working without taking technology changes into account. Since technology isn’t going to slow down, your business’ app has to keep up with the changes in order not to get left behind. So when you ask yourself how to make a mobile app, you should also be asking what systems you’ll need to put in place to support your app moving forward. Sustaining your app over time is a process that you will need to invest in throughout the life of your business to continue seeing value from your app. How you go about sustaining your app depends on how you create your custom mobile app. Whether you buy, build, or create a custom mobile app with no coding, the following list shows possible ways to ensure your app will stay up to date: If you outsource your app to a development company, you will be charged for the initial app development; however, this price will not include the cost of ongoing maintenance. You will need to retain their company for ongoing maintenance, which can quickly add up. If you build your app in-house (or in-source), you will need at least one full-time engineer to develop it, so the development costs would be one person’s salary. After launch, you probably won’t need a full-time engineer to maintain your app, but you will need to either keep your engineer on a part-time basis or contract a developer on an hourly basis for upkeep. If you create your app using a no-code solution, they will license their code framework to your business which you can build upon even with no coding knowledge. The company that offers the no-code solution will provide ongoing maintenance to keep their framework up to date as a part of the fee you pay for licensing their code. That means your primary maintenance will be ensuring any custom properties or elements you create still work properly after the framework is updated. Why is it important to keep your app up to date? Creating an app with a lasting and positive user experience leads to increased value over time. Making improvements to your app helps increase your business’ availability and communication, which provides additional value to your customers by always being easily accessible through their mobile phones. Generating growth, creating personalized experiences, and reducing costs are just a few reasons for your business to keep your app up to date. Most importantly, regular updates can help increase brand loyalty by listening to customer’s feedback and implementing the changes they want to see most to improve their app experience. Your business’ app should be viewed as a reliable resource for customers, not something that is hard to use or out of date. Updates and bug fixes are important factors in accessibility, usability, and creating positive experiences for your app’s users. However, you should also consider making some bigger updates as well to keep your customers engaged. After all, as your business needs change, your app should change with it. Providing additional features and functionality over time shows your customers that you’re dedicated to providing additional value to them and continue to support them in making the best possible app for their needs. On top of that, apps that implement fresh design ideas when they are originally built can begin to look stale over time, so updating not only the content and functionality but also the visuals and user experience can help your app maintain its innovative feel. How do you get the most out of your mobile app? To get the most out of your app, you need to start with a solid foundation. When app development begins, prioritize getting an efficient and straightforward system in place to keep your app updated. Whether this is securing a contract for ongoing support from your app development company or renting a no-code app solution that provides ongoing updates and support as a part of their monthly fees, your business should have a plan in place while you are creating the app to keep it up to date. Understanding how your app will be maintained and updated is a key part of deciding on the best app development solution for your business. Once you’ve built a solid foundation for your custom mobile app, make sure you know the key indicators that your app needs to be updated. There are both external and internal factors that clearly indicate it’s time for your app to be updated, so you should familiarise yourself with them in order to anticipate necessary updates: Externally, it is important to stay on top of news about developments and updates for mobile phones, such as big operating system updates or new phone releases with a significant design change. These mean you need to be prepared to do extra useability testing when they are released to make sure your customers aren’t running into any problems and promptly address any issues that arise from these external changes. Internally, there are two main reasons your business may decide to make changes or update your app. Your development team or users notice a bug, or you find a security issue that needs to be addressed before the next major update. You want to attract new customers and keep existing ones happy by implementing changes to the design or adding new features. How you approach making and maintaining an app makes all the difference to your app’s viability over time. Integrating ongoing maintenance into your app development process early on can help ensure your business’ app is successful over time. Because technology is constantly changing, sustaining your app requires consistent updates, but if you bear this advice in mind, you can build an app that lasts.
0.964389	On June 17, 2020, the Small Business Association (SBA) in consultation with the Department of the Treasury, posted a revised PPP loan forgiveness application and instructions (Form 3508 – revised June 16, 2020), which implements the PPP Flexibility Act of 2020 that was signed into law on June 5, 2020. In addition, the SBA also published a new “EZ” version of the loan forgiveness application – Form 3508EZ. Links for these forms are provided below. Do You Meet the Requirements to File Form 3508EZ? The EZ application form requires fewer calculations and less documentation for eligible borrowers. The EZ loan forgiveness form does not include a calculation for the FTE Reduction Quotient or the 25% pay rate reduction for employees who made up to $100,000 annualized in 2019. However, Borrowers using this form must still maintain documentation that supports these assertions. Borrowers can use the EZ form if they meet one of the following criteria: The Borrower is a self-employed individual, independent contractor, or sole proprietor who had no employees when they applied for the PPP loan and did not include any employee salaries in the computation of average monthly payroll in the PPP loan application Form 2483; OR The Borrower did not reduce the salaries or wages of their employees by more than 25% during the Covered Period or Alternative Payroll Covered Period as compared to January 1, 2020 through March 31, 2020 for employees who did not earn more than $100,000 at an annualized rate during 2019, AND the Borrower did not reduce the number of employees or the average paid hours between January 1, 2020 and the end of the Covered Period. (Borrowers can ignore certain headcount reductions as defined in the instructions); OR The Borrower did not reduce the salaries or wages of their employees by more than 25% during the Covered Period (same as bullet above), AND the Borrower was unable to operate during the Covered period at the same level of business activity as before February 15, 2020, due to the issuance of health directives (as issued by the CDC, OSHA and Health and Human Services) between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 related to COVID-19. Covered Period Can Be 8 Weeks or 24 Weeks Both applications (Form 3508 and Form 3508EZ) give Borrowers the option of using the original 8-week covered period (if the loan was made before June 5, 2020) or an extended 24-week covered period. There is no current guidance providing an option to use a covered period that is between 8 and 24 weeks. Therefore, if the Borrower believes they will qualify for 100% forgiveness before the end of the 24-week period, it is not yet known whether they will be able to apply at that time or if they will instead need to wait the full 24 weeks. What are the Maximum Payroll Costs For Employees and Owners? For both applications, the maximum amount of cash compensation (wages, salary, tips, etc.) that is eligible for forgiveness for each individual employee is $15,385 ($100,000 x 8/52) for the 8-week period and $46,154 ($100,000 x 24/52) for the 24-week period. Owner compensation (i.e., sole proprietors, general partners and owner-employees) is limited to 2019 net profit up to $15,385 ($100,000 x 8/52) for the 8-week period and $20,833 ($100,000 x 2.5/12) for the 24-week period. The owner compensation cap is inclusive of all payroll costs. In its related Interim Final Rule, the SBA stated that they did not want Borrowers to qualify for additional forgiveness based on owner compensation exceeding the amount they were able to borrow against their compensation, which you may recall was 2.5 months of compensation, capped at $100,000 per annum. The 60% Rule for Payroll Costs At least 60% of the PPP loan proceeds shall be used for payroll costs. This rule applies to both the 8-week and 24-week covered periods. The 60% requirement for payroll costs is not an all or nothing rule. The Borrower’s eligible nonpayroll costs cannot exceed 40% of total costs eligible for forgiveness, which includes payroll and nonpayroll costs. Haven’t Applied for a PPP Loan Yet? Time is of the essence. The last day to file for a PPP Loan is June 30, 2020. See the revised PPP Loan Application link here.
0.99999	In the last few months, the manufacturing industry has been shaken by the COVID-19 pandemic. From distribution disruptions to dwindling supplies and fluctuating demand, COVID-19 has revealed some of the biggest weaknesses in global supply chains. In response, many manufacturers are reconsidering their supply chains and making strategic adjustments to recover from COVID-related disruptions. How COVID has affected supply chains As the COVID-19 pandemic began to unfold in the United States, consumers and manufacturers alike were faced with sudden and stark fluctuations to supply and demand for many different products. Perhaps the most notable product affected by COVID-related supply chain problems was toilet paper. Seemingly overnight, store shelves were laid bare by anxious consumers worried about a shortage of this essential item. Grocery stores struggled to keep toilet paper and other essential items on the shelves. Manufacturing supply chains are built on thin margins and a complex, interconnected web of suppliers, distributors and manufacturers. Manufacturers around the world are considering how to strategically redevelop supply chains that can weather unexpected events in the future. There are a few key lessons that manufacturers have learned in the last several months: Take a step back In the midst of a crisis, it can be difficult for manufacturers to think strategically. While it’s not always easy to look at the big picture, getting some perspective is crucial as manufacturers move forward. Manufacturers should begin by carefully evaluating the structure and strategy of their supply chains prior to COVID-19, and then considering the way that this crisis has affected those supply chains. Consider vulnerabilities Most manufacturers have experienced disruptions and challenges in the last few months. One important step in the recovery process is to consider the vulnerabilities that COVID-19 has exposed. Focusing on the weaknesses that COVID-19 has exposed will give manufacturers a starting point to begin rebuilding and working strategically to redevelop disrupted supply chains. Evaluate management and personnel In times of crises, it’s essential for manufacturers to have personnel who are equipped to respond quickly, effectively and pragmatically. When manufacturers lack personnel with the skills to respond to emergencies, supply chains are more vulnerable to unexpected changes. Evaluate your current management structure and personnel to determine whether any changes are necessary. Some key changes to management structure and strategic hiring can go a long way when it comes to rebuilding and fortifying against future uncertainty. Manufacturing and engineering services As you work to rebuild your supply chains and begin moving into the new normal after COVID-19, surround yourself with resources to help you achieve your goals. At KASO Plastics, we are committed to providing the best engineering and injection molding services to our clients. Contact us to find out more about our services and to learn how we can help your business.
0.999997	Daniel Sparham, who has been jailed for two-and-a-half years after he headbutted his neighbour so hard he broke a bone Picture: SUFFOLK CONSTABULARY - Credit: SUFFOLK CONSTABULARY A man who headbutted a former serviceman in the face after he tried to intervene in an argument between him and a former partner has been jailed for 32 months. Daniel Sparham's attack on William Stevely – who was in the RAF and had also worked for Norfolk police for seven years – led to the victim suffering a fracture to a bone in his face, Ipswich Crown Court heard. Marc Brown, prosecuting, said Mr Stevely suffered from osteoporosis, which made him more vulnerable to suffering broken bones, and as a result of falling to the ground during the attack he also suffered two fractures to his pelvis. The court heard Mr Stevely and Sparham lived in neighbouring flats in Burnham Way, Lowestoft, and on the evening in question Mr Stevely had been in bed in his flat at about 11.30pm when he heard a lot of noise coming from Sparham's flat. He heard a man and a woman shouting and shortly afterwards he heard three knocks on his front door. The victim got out of bed and answered the door and could see a female lying on the grass outside his flat in the recovery position. Mr Stevely went over to the woman and spoke to her and was calling the police when Sparham came out of his flat. Most Read expand_more More 1 Pub transformed into 'breathtaking' family home for sale for almost £1m 2 Historic pub and restaurant to reopen after £150,000 investment 3 Community rally together after fire rips through family home 4 One person treated at scene of house fire in Lowestoft 5 Pressure group anger over speeding drivers on busy bypass 6 Lowestoft jeweller gets TV spot in Kirstie Allsopp's Handmade Christmas 7 First case of Omicron confirmed in Suffolk with 16 more suspected 8 Fallen tree blocks train lines near Lowestoft 9 Hundreds sign petition to fix closed Suffolk road as MP visits site 10 Investigations ongoing after stolen moped involved in crash Sparham became aggressive and as Mr Stevely tried to defuse the situation he was headbutted on the side of the face by Sparham, causing him to fall to the ground, said Mr Brown. He returned to his flat and was subsequently arrested by police. Mr Brown said that earlier in the evening there had been an argument between Sparham and his former partner during which he had called the police and officers had taken her to a friend's house. She had returned to Sparham's flat and there had been a second argument during which Mr Stevely was attacked. Sparham, 34, admitted inflicting grievous bodily harm on Mr Stevely in May last year. Jailing him for 32 months, Judge John Devaux said Mr Stevely was more vulnerable than was obvious to Sparham because of his osteoporosis. Matthew McNiff, for Sparham, said his client felt genuine remorse for what happened to Mr Stevely. He said despite a bad record Sparham had made positive changes to his life and was in employment. Become a Supporter This newspaper has been a central part of community life for many years. Our industry faces testing times, which is why we're asking for your support. Every contribution will help us continue to produce local journalism that makes a measurable difference to our community.
0.998515	'A law enforcement pioneer': Lenard Wells, who died of coronavirus complications, leaves lasting legacy Ashley Luthern Milwaukee Journal Sentinel A leader. A trailblazer. A legend. As Milwaukee mourns the loss of Lenard "Lenny" Wells, those words have come up over and over. Wells, 69, died Saturday from complications of COVID-19. He spent 27 years on the Milwaukee Police Department, where he worked tirelessly to bring racial equity to the ranks as president of the League of Martin, an association for African American officers. During his tenure, the League of Martin sued to make sure promotions and assignments were fair. "He wanted African American law enforcement officers to have the same rights and opportunities that were afforded to other officers," Assistant Milwaukee Police Chief Regina Howard said. After his police retirement, then-Gov. Jim Doyle appointed Wells chairman of the Wisconsin Parole Commission. In recent years, Wells taught criminal justice at the University of Memphis. "Lenny Wells is a legend," said Andra Williams, a retired Milwaukee police captain. "He was there as a mentor, as a leader, and his legacy goes on through today." Rising through the ranks Wells' career began in May 1973 when he was part of the first recruit class under a federally mandated affirmative action program. Nine other minorities, including a woman, were among the 65 people in his class — breaking racial and gender barriers at Milwaukee Police Department, he told the Journal Sentinel in 2001. After a year on the job, he was promoted to the Vice Squad, where he made hundreds of busts as an undercover officer, before continuing on to work in Traffic Enforcement Division and later as a district shift commander and as a detective. In 1989, Wells became president of the League of Martin, a volunteer position. Throughout the next decade, he mentored countless officers, helping prepare them for promotional exams and encouraging them to pursue higher education — as he did. Wells earned his bachelor's degree in psychology and a master's degree in public administration from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee while working full-time. One of those officers was Edith Hudson. She and Howard wanted to become detectives, but the sergeant test was offered first. Wells pushed them both to take it even though the two women had not considered becoming supervisors at that time. "All along Lenny's advice was, we need more women, more people of color in the supervisory ranks," Hudson said. The efforts of Wells and his colleagues in the league paid off: During the 1990s, the percentage of women and minorities in sworn positions in the Milwaukee Police Department roughly doubled. And many of those Wells personally mentored rose through the ranks, including Hudson, who retired from MPD as assistant chief and now is chief of the Marquette University Police Department. "He loved the people working with him — not for him, with him — and never did I see him act in a way as though he was being an authoritarian or talking down to someone," Hudson said. 'He wanted us to be guardians, not warriors' As a lieutenant, Wells embraced community policing before it was widely adopted. He and several other officers had a popular radio and TV show called "Talking Cops, Cops Talking" where they answered call-in questions and gave advice about what to do when stopped by police or how to deal with a ticket or any number of other law enforcement topics. "He was one of those who really accepted the call to be more community-focused," said James Harpole, who worked for Wells in the old District 6. "He didn't want us to be an occupation force," said Harpole, who retired from MPD as an assistant chief several years ago. "He wanted us to be guardians, not warriors, and though those weren't the popular terms then, that's the philosophy he embraced." The Milwaukee Police Department released a statement Monday calling Wells "a law enforcement pioneer." "He was a mentor to many members in our agency and our community and he will be greatly missed," the department said. "We send our condolences to his family during this difficult time." His wife, Corene Wells, also served as a Milwaukee police officer. His family has requested privacy, said Sgt. Troy Johnson, current president of the League of Martin. "The Police Department definitely needed a lot more Lenny Wells," Johnson said. "He meant a lot to us." The parole board, then a teaching career After he retired from the force, Wells was appointed chairman of the Wisconsin State Parole Board in 2003. "The cop in me says that the correctional facilities were made for some people. They fit," he told the Journal Sentinel then. "But the idealist in me says that there are a lot of people who are taking up bed space in jail that belongs to someone else. Those people can be helped." Three years later, Wells had to preside over a parole hearing for two men convicted of killing a Milwaukee police officer. Wells said as a former officer, he did not want to see them released, but under the law, they were eligible and had completed other requirements for parole. He decided to free the men and faced intense criticism. He tried to create a mechanism to recuse himself from future decisions where he had a conflict of interest as a former officer, but ultimately it did not move forward and he resigned. "Wells felt duty-bound to follow the law even when it went against popular expectations or his preference ... (He) demonstrates the sort of integrity the public sphere could sorely use," a Journal Sentinel editorial said at the time. "That makes his departure from a public office regrettable." Wells, who had obtained his doctorate in Leadership, Learning and Service from Cardinal Stritch University, became director of two satellite campuses of Concordia University Wisconsin. In 2013, he began teaching criminal justice at the University of Memphis where he became a favorite of students for his engaging style. Emily Hart, a senior who will graduate this spring, took all six classes he taught. She remembered the first presentation she gave in his class. She had nerves, but made it through the end. Afterward, Wells pulled her aside to say how proud he was of her. "He remembered every student by name. Old students would come back to catch up with him," Hart said. "He was really loved." Hart said she met with Wells last month to discuss her plans to pursue her master's degree. He wanted her to be a graduate assistant in his class, she said. She plans to focus on restorative justice and re-entry efforts. Wells' legacy will live on, through Hart and other students at the University of Memphis; current and former officers at the Milwaukee Police Department; and the many other lives he touched. "He was a great man," said Howard, the current assistant chief. "He did a lot for many of us and didn't ask for anything in return, other than we pay it forward, and that's something many of us try to do every single day." Contact Ashley Luthern at [email protected]. Follow her on Twitter at @aluthern. 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0.999349	Have you ever run up a tab on a credit card that you had to pay off over time? Have you had to push off a utility bill and incur a late fee because money was tight? Sometimes these circumstances can't be helped -- say, in the case of layoffs or emergencies -- but a lot of Americans land in debt because they don't know the details of managing money. Some lawmakers are trying to change that. And if they do, it could spare a lot of people a world of financial pain. Schooled on money management So far this year, 25 states have introduced legislation to add personal finance education to high school curricula. In Arkansas, Hawaii, and Nebraska, those bills have been signed into law, and in a few other states, they're awaiting a governor's signature. The purpose of these bills is to teach Americans about money management at a young age, so that by the time they enter the workforce, they know a lot about handling finances. What might a personal finance course entail? For one thing, it should, ideally, explain the importance of having emergency savings. Unplanned bills can strike out of nowhere, and without money in a savings account, those on the receiving end of those bills can easily end up in debt. Workers are generally advised to sock away three to six months' worth of essential living expenses to cover unanticipated expenses, or an extended period of unemployment -- something that has, unfortunately, been a lot of people's reality in the coronavirus pandemic. Another lesson that's important? The art of budgeting. Without a budget, you may not know where your money goes every month, or what your expenses really look like. Following a budget can be the ticket to avoiding debt, building savings, and meeting larger financial goals. Finally, it's important to understand the dangers of credit card debt. Many people run up credit card tabs, thinking they'll pay them off in time and get a little breathing room, not realizing just how much interest they'll accrue in the process -- and how badly they might damage their credit. A positive sign For some states, bills calling for personal finance education are just in the introductory phase, and they're not guaranteed to pass. But the fact that lawmakers are focusing on financial education is a positive. A lot of people's finances were destroyed when the pandemic hit and they had no cash reserves to fall back on. Teaching people how to save, budget, and plan for the unexpected could spare countless Americans grief in a future crisis, even if it doesn't come close to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. Top credit card wipes out interest until 2023 If you have credit card debt, transferring it to this top balance transfer card secures you a 0% intro APR into 2023! Plus, you'll pay no annual fee. 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