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Angular is currently one of the most used front-end frameworks. Even though it provides a lot of out-of-the-box features that enforce good practices, you still need to know these four design tips to keep your application clean, sustainable, and scalable.
The guidelines presented below will help you design high-performance applications where continued development is sustainable and scalable as the complexity of the application increases.
1. Organize Your Code
Organizing features and modules is crucial when building an Angular application. Team members should be able to locate the code quickly, so keep your folder structure as flat as possible. It is also important that the code snippets can be identified swiftly. This can be easily accomplished by adding the component's functionality to its name following this recommended pattern: feature.type.ts, as shown below:
Image courtesy of Angular
Using this feature-based approach to structure your code will make it DRY, reusable, and easy to maintain. Try to have at least one module per feature. Usually, a well built application is divided into a core module, a shared module, a routine module, and feature modules. Let's review each module type.
CORE MODULE
The core module is designed for singleton services that any element in the application can use. We don't want to import this type of service in each module, since this will create additional instances. Some examples of singleton services are LoggingService, ErrorService, and DataService. The core module must be imported only once by the root module to ensure that we can add a conditional inside the constructor to check it.
export class CoreModule {
constructor(@Optional() @SkipSelf() parentModule: CoreModule) {
if (parentModule) {
throw new Error(
'CoreModule is already loaded. Import it in the AppModule only'
);
}
}
}
SHARED MODULE
The shared module is designed for common components, services, and other modules that will be used across multiple features. Usually this module is where we declare our Pipes, Directives, and other template components that are commonly used across the application, like a CalendarComponent and CurrencyPipe.
ROUTING MODULE
The routing module defines routes and provides the routing configuration. It creates the experience of a multiple-page application in a single-page application by allowing the user to navigate between different components after some events. It adds router configuration to the module's import and separates routing concerns from its companion module.
FEATURE MODULE
In addition to the modules detailed above, we can create other functionalities as feature modules. A feature module helps you to partition the app into focused areas, and it collaborates with the root module and with other modules through the services it provides and the components, directives, and pipes that it shares. This also enforces the single responsibility principle since a feature module must be designed to have one well-defined purpose. In fact, a hallmark of poorly-written code is modules that have more than one responsibility. So when you notice that one of your modules is getting bigger or too complex, consider splitting it into two or more modules with well defined roles.
TYPICAL ORGANIZATION
The image below shows a typical way to define your modules. In general, widgets and pipes go into the Shared Module, services go into the Core Module, and routed components go into the Routing Module. The exception is when one of these is specific to a feature.
Architecture aside, there are a few specific changes that can improve your application's performance.
2. OnPush Change Detection Strategy
Angular Change Detection Strategy encompasses the methods by which the updates to the component are tracked and the component is triggered to Re-render. The purpose of this mechanism is to put the views in sync with their model. This model change can be triggered by a DOM event, an AJAX request, or timers.
On the Default Change Detection Strategy, every time a DOM event, an AJAX request, or a trigger by setTimeout or setInterval happens, Angular will verify if there was any change between the previous and the current state of the overall application model. This strategy is less efficient since the DOM is often re-rendered on child components, even if the change detected only affects the parent component.
This doesn't happen on the OnPush Detection Strategy. When using OnPush, whenever a parent element is updating values that are not passed as an input property to the child component, the child component will not be checked and re-rendered. So it's recommended to use the OnPush strategy on child components when they only depend on its inputs.
import {ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component} from '@angular/core';
@Component({
// ...
changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush
})
But the OnPush strategy can be tricky! When using OnPush Change Detection Strategy, we must work with immutable objects. If we don't, we might cause some bugs that are really hard to track. So in order to trigger a change detection in our component, whenever our input is an object or array, we need to change their reference. For example:
mutable -> this won't trigger the detection strategy
arr.forEach((num, index) => {
return arr[index] = num * 2;
});
immutable -> this will trigger the detection strategy because the reference for the array was changed
arr = arr.map(num => {
return num * 2;
});
3. Pipes Instead of Method Calls on the Template
@Component({
template: `
...
<p>Welcome !</p>
...
`
})
export class UserComponent {
@Input() user: { firstName: string, lastName: string };
constructor() { }
...
fullName() {
return this.user.firstName + ' ' + this.user.lastName
}
...
}
When we add a method call on the template, it can be executed several times, which will reduce the performance of the application. This happens because the method will be called every time the change detection runs. So if change detection runs 100 times, the function is called 100 times, even if the change happened in a part of the code that is not related to this method call.
There are two simple ways of solving this issue. One of them is calling the method on your component's controller and assigning the result to a variable that will be used on the template.
@Component({
template: `
...
<p>Welcome !</p>
...
`
})
export class UserComponent {
@Input() user: { firstName: string, lastName: string };
fullName = '';
constructor() {}
ngOnChanges(changes: SimpleChanges) {
if (changes.user) {
this.fullName = this.calculateFullName();
}
}
...
fullName() {
return this.user.firstName + ' ' + this.user.lastName
}
...
}
Another way to accomplish this is by using Pipes. A pipe is a way to transform a value for display on the template without transforming it in your controller. It takes your data as an input and transforms it to a desired output. A pure pipe is a function with the return value depending only on arguments that are passed to the function. Unlike a method call, a pure pipe transform is called only when the parameters change. This way, instead of being called several times, a pipe will be called only once.
@Pipe({
name: 'fullName',
pure: true
})
export class FullNamePipe implements PipeTransform {
transform(user: any, args?: any):any {
return user.firstName + user.lastName;
}
}
@Component({
template: `
...
<p>Welcome !</p>
...
`
})
export class UserComponent {
@Input() user: { firstName: string, lastName: string };
constructor() {}
}
4. Lazy Loading Feature Modules
By default, when the application starts, all of its modules are loaded at once, even though they are not immediately needed. One advantage of splitting the application into modules is the ability to load certain modules only when they are required, which keeps the initial bundle size smaller and helps the application to load faster.
To lazy load Angular modules, use loadChildren (instead of component) in your AppRoutingModule routes configuration.
const routes: Routes = [
{
path: 'lazy',
loadChildren: () => import('./lazy/lazy.module').then(m => m.LazyModule)
}
];
Don't forget to remove the ItemsModule from the AppModule, otherwise it will be loaded when the application bootstraps.
Summary
There are still several topics we haven't covered in this article, but these four tips are a good place to start, particularly for developers who are newer to designing Angular applications. These tips may also be used to improve existing applications since there's always room to make our code stronger!
Questions or comments? Share your experience below!
References
Angular coding style guide
Angular: Organizing Features and Modules
Angular - Core and Shared Modules
Angular Best Practices
Angular Change Detection and the OnPush Strategy
Angular Change Detection - How Does It Really Work?
Author
Suelen Romano
Suelen Romano is a Front-end Developer at Avenue Code. She enjoys playing with her pets, watching reality shows, and traveling.
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In order to check if a process Impl refines (in a particular semantic model) a process Spec, FDR firstly converts Impl and Spec into labelled transition systems, as described in Compilation. FDR then normalises the specification machine, as described in normal. FDR then explores the states of these processes in breadth-first order, checking that the states are related according to the semantic model. As soon as FDR finds a counterexample it immediately reports it. Thus, thanks to the breadth-first order, any counterexample that FDR returns will be minimal in the length of the trace (including taus).
In order to understand exactly how FDR visits state pairs during a refinement check, consider the following script:
channel a, b, c
P1 = a -> P2
P2 = P3 |~| P4
P3 = b -> P2
P4 = a -> P1
Q1 = a -> Q2
Q2 = b -> Q1
assert Q1 [T= P1
FDR initialises the search by looking at the state pair (Q1, P1) (nb. state pairs consist of a specification state and an implementation state). In the traces model, FDR only has to check that the events (excluding tau) offered by P1 are a subset of those offered by Q1, which is clearly the cases here. Hence, FDR now adds the successor state pairs for each event offered by P1 to the search. In this case, there is only one successor state pair after a, (Q2, P2).
When considering the state pair (Q2, P2) note that P2 does not offer any visible events, and therefore the event check is trivially true. FDR now needs to add any new state pairs to the search. In this case, the two state pairs (Q2, P3) and (Q2, P4) are added to the search. Note that the specification part of the state pair is kept the same because the implementation performs a tau. FDR will now consider the new state pairs. In particular, when it considers (Q2, P4) FDR will find a counterexample since the events offered by P4 are not a subset of those offered by Q2.
In order to reconstruct the trace that the invalid state pair was reached by, FDR stores a parent state pair of each state pair that it finds during the search. Thus, in the above example, FDR will set the parent of (Q2, P4) as (Q2, P2) and the parent of (Q2, P2) to (Q1, P1). Thus, FDR can reconstruct the counterexample trace by finding events that transition between (Q1, P1) and (Q2, P2), and (Q2, P2) and (Q2, P4). This will yield the trace <a, tau>, in this case.
Counterexamples¶
A counterexample to a refinement assertion consists of a trace leading to a particular state pair that are not related according the to semantic model in use. Thus, if the traces model is in use, then this must mean that the implementation can perform an event that the specification cannot. If the failures model is in use, then either the above case applies, or the implementation can refuse a set of events that the specification cannot. If the failures-divergences model is in use, then this must mean that either one of the above cases applies, or the implementation is divergent but the specification is not.
Uniqueness¶
If FDR is asked to generate multiple counterexamples then this motivates the question of what FDR considers distinct counterexamples to be. In all cases, only a single counterexample will be generated from a single state pair. Thus, if a state pair is reachable via two different traces then only one counterexample will be generated, regardless of the number requested. Further, once FDR has found a counterexample for a given state pair, it does not look at successors of the state pair to see if they are counterexamples. Thus, for FDR to report two distinct counterexamples the counterexamples must be distinct state pairs, and the second state pair must be reachable via a path that does not include the first state pair. For example, the following has two counterexamples since the two STOP states are reachable via distinct paths:
P1 = STOP |~| P2
P2 = STOP
assert P1 :[deadlock free [F]]
However, the following only has one counterexample, since the second invalid state pair is only reachable via the first invalid state pair:
P1 = a -> P2 [] b -> STOP
P2 = a -> P1
Spec = a -> Spec
assert Spec [T= P1
Note that both P1 and` P2 violate the property, but P2 is only reachable via P1 and thus is not considered.
Non-Determinism¶
As noted above, thanks to the breadth-first ordering that FDR visits the state pairs in, FDR will always pick the counterexample that is reachable in the fewest events (either tau or a visible event). Whilst this might imply that the counterexample returned is chosen deterministically, this is not the case when FDR is being used in parallel mode (i.e. refinement.bfs.workers is greater than 1) for two reasons:
The predecessor state pair of each state pair is chosen by a race between the different processor cores on each ply. For example, if two different cores both discover the same state pair on the same ply, then the state pair that is marked as the new state pair’s predecessor is chosen non-deterministically. This can result in a different trace being returned. The following script should exhibit this behaviour:
channel a, b, c
P = a -> b -> Q [] b -> a -> Q
Q = c -> STOP
R = a -> R [] b -> R [] c -> R
assert R [F= P
Note that there is precisely one state that violates the refinement, Q, but there are two different routes to Q, via either <a, b> or <b, a>. Hence, since the states b -> Q and a -> Q are discovered on the same ply of the breadth-first search the winner will be chosen non-deterministically (assuming that they are visited by different cores). This should result in FDR non-deterministically returning either the counterexample trace <a, b, c> or <b, a, c>.
On each ply of the search, there is essentially a race between the processor cores to find a counterexample: the first core that finds a counterexample wins. For example, consider the following refinement check:
channel a, b
P = a -> STOP |~| b -> STOP
assert STOP [T= P
There are two different counterexamples to this assertion: either the event a can be performed, or the event b. Since these counterexamples are both found on the second ply of the search (the first ply simply explores the tau transitions available from the starting state), FDR will pick the counterexample non-deterministically, providing the two different states are picked by different cores.
In general use, the fact that different counterexamples are produced should hopefully not be an issue. Unfortunately, there is no efficient way to make a parallel version of FDR deterministically return the same counterexample. If it is important that the same counterexample is returned each time then refinement.bfs.workers should be set to 1, thus disabling the parallel refinement checker. This will obviously result in a decrease in performance, but it does mean that the same counterexample will always be returned.
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The Intel Iris Xe is one of the most popular graphics processors available in late 2020 laptops due to its integration into Gen Intel Core i5 and i7 G7-series main processors. This configuration is ideal for playing the new slot games coming soon, allowing you to enjoy the best graphics and gaming experience available today!
Iris Xe is the name given to the new integrated graphics built into the upper tier of Intel’s 11th generation laptop chips. The Iris Xe will be included in two of Intel’s latest processors — Core i5 and i7.
Here is a summary of the new chips from Intel:
Intel claims that these chips will roughly double the graphics performance of the previous generation. If these claims prove true, Intel has made a massive step in gaming capabilities for thin-and-light laptops. With Intel’s 11 Generation of mobile processors, you’ll experience new levels of performance to real-world workflows and experiences. Iris Xe delivers transformational graphics and vivid media for creating, gaming, and entertainment on a thin, light laptop PC.
The Future of Graphics
Although Iris Xe took a big step in the GPU space, the company looks to make an even bigger splash in 2021 by releasing its first discrete graphics card for PC gaming.
But for now, the possibility of having laptops capable of handling 1080p gaming in the mass-market could be a considerable development for Intel and those looking to have power without sacrificing portability.
Perhaps, for the first time in a while, we’ll see some real competition in the low-end graphics category. After all, isn’t it time someone gave Nvidia a run for their money? With competition comes meaningful improvements, which could open up new possibilities to gamers and companies around the globe.
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*1st Request: - Select Date - December 1, 2021 December 2, 2021 December 3, 2021 December 4, 2021 December 5, 2021 December 6, 2021 December 7, 2021 December 8, 2021 December 9, 2021 December 10, 2021 December 11, 2021 December 12, 2021 December 13, 2021 December 14, 2021 December 15, 2021 December 16, 2021 December 17, 2021 December 18, 2021 December 19, 2021 December 20, 2021 December 21, 2021 December 22, 2021 December 23, 2021 December 24, 2021 December 26, 2021 December 27, 2021 December 28, 2021 December 29, 2021 December 30, 2021 December 31, 2021 - Select Time - 0700-1200 0700-1800 0700-2200 1200-1800 1200-2200 1800-2200
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NOTE: Request will be confirmed via fax or email.
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Sharing is a simple way of letting people bring content from your website or mobile app to Facebook. Sharing is triggered when someone clicks a social plugin like the Share or Send button. This launches the corresponding Share or Message dialog. You can also choose to design your own button to launch one of these dialogs.
This document describes:
The types of content people can share to Facebook
Ways to share content from your app
How to optimize your content for sharing
The Sharing Ecosystem
Sharing on Facebook depends on a few core components:
URLs: In most cases, including sharing from mobile apps, your content is shared on Facebook as a link, whether it's an article, image, video, or something else
The Facebook Crawler: When someone shares your content, our crawler will scrape the page to render a preview on Facebook
Open Graph Tags: Adding Open Graph meta tags to the <head> of your web page HTML will provide the crawler with structured info like a title, description, and thumbnail image for the content
Sharing Interfaces: There are a few different end-user experiences you can choose from to let people share from your website or app to Facebook. Here's an overview of how it works:
Button Trigger
Sharing Interface Launched
Publishing Behavior
Share button
Web: Share dialog
Mobile: Fast-app switch to native Share dialog
Appears in Timeline and Activity Log.
May appear in News Feed.
Send button
Web: Message dialog
Mobile: Fast-app switch to native Message dialog
Sent as a Facebook message
Custom Button
Can launch:
Share dialog
Message dialog
Follows the publishing behavior of the Share dialog.
Content Types
People can share the following kinds of content to Facebook:
Links - Most content is a URL which references an HTML page. To provide the most relevant information, you should mark up your page with Facebook-specific meta tags. See A Guide to Sharing for Webmasters.
Photos - Directly upload one or more user-generated photos.
Videos - Directly upload a user-generated video.
Multimedia - Directly upload a combination of photos and videos.
Open Graph Stories - Use Open Graph actions and objects to create rich stories through a strongly-typed API.
App Links
You can link back to your app from the content people share in News Feed. App Links launch your app from shared content. You can even link to a specific context within your app.
Quote Sharing
You can implement two kinds of quote sharing in your app: user defined or publisher defined. User-defined quote sharing enables users to highlight text and share it. Publisher-defined quote sharing enables you to preselect text for sharing and place a share button next to it.
Hashtags
You can associate a hashtag with a shared link, photo, or video.
Ways to Share
We want to make it as easy and as flexible as possible for people to share content from your app with the audience they want. With these options, you can first choose the sharing experience for people using your app, and then choose an implementation method.
Buttons
When you want the simplest sharing integration with Facebook, you should use buttons that trigger our dialogs. The Facebook SDKs provide buttons that you can use. None of these options requires you to implement Facebook Login.
Web
You can use Social Plugins such as the Like, Share and Send buttons. These are available for desktop and mobile web.
Mobile
We also have native Like, Share, and Send buttons for iOS and Android.
Custom
You can also create your own custom button to trigger a Like, Share, or Send, across all platforms.
Native Dialogs
When you use native Facebook dialogs you can enable sharing without adding Facebook Login. Like our native buttons, they offer out-of-the-box implementation.
Share Dialog
The Share Dialog is an easy way to let people share content without requiring them to log into your app or grant any permissions. It works on Web, Android, and iOS.
On mobile, when someone shares with the Share Dialog, the dialog makes a fast app-switch to the Facebook app on their device. We also have a web dialog as a fallback if someone doesn't have the native Facebook app installed.
Message Dialog
Use the Message dialog to let people privately share content to Messenger. Like the Share dialog, it's a native sharing component that doesn't require you to implement Facebook Login.
The Message dialog enables people to share links, images and Open Graph stories. On mobile, someone must have the native Messenger app installed.
Sharing to Stories
You can use Android implicit intents and iOS custom URL schemes to pass photos, videos, and stickers to the Facebook app. The Facebook app will receive this content and load it in the Story Composer so the User can publish it to their Facebook Stories.
Optimizing Your Content
Markup
It's important to mark up your website's HTML with Open Graph tags to manage how your content appears on Facebook. Without these tags, the Facebook crawler will do its best to identify content such as title, description, and image for your content.
Optimize your content for sharing to Facebook by adding Open Graph tags to the <head> of your page's HTML. These tags describe the content shared. This includes content type such as image, video, or article and any additional attributes.
Learn about tags you should include with your content in Markup for Sharing.
Updating URLs
If you move content to a new URL, the Likes, Shares, and Comments on that original URL won’t automatically migrate. To continue aggregating these actions at a new URL, you should point the Facebook crawler to the old page that represents the canonical URL for your content. Learn how in this doc for webmasters.
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BLAAN, tribong ayaw ng karamihanBlaan, kung banggitin ng iba ay BilaanBlaan, mga blaan na halos kinamumuhian Blaan, tinuturing lamang na kahihiyan
“Ay Bilaan!” Ekpresyon kapag kayo ay nagulat”Daw Bilaan ka” kapag mayroong di kaaya-ayaIilan lamang yan sa mga diskriminasyong aming natatanggapIilan lamang yan, pero para samin napaka bigat READ MORE
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covid-19, COVID-19 NEWS UPDATES PHILIPPINES, DAVAO CITY, mayor sara inday duterte carpio
Davao City gov’t to prioritize hiring of fully vaccinated workers on Jan 1, 2022
September 22, 2021 durianburgdavao Leave a comment
COVID-19
Davao City gov’t to prioritize hiring of fully vaccinated workers
Davao City Mayor Inday Sara Duterte has issued Executive Order (E.O.) 45-A, which mandates the hiring of fully vaccinated individuals starting January 1, 2022.
E.O. 45-A, signed on September 20, is the new version of E.O. 45, also known as “An Order Mandating The Vaccination Of All City Government of Davao Plantilla, Job Order, Contract of Service, and Volunteers For COVID-19 and Stipulating Sanctions For The Refusal of Such,” that was signed by the mayor on September 15.
The E.O. 45 version did not state when the hiring of fully vaccinated only city government workers will take effect.
Both EOs ordered the mandatory vaccination of all City Government of Davao employees on or before November 30, 2021, and failure to do so will be meted with sanctions.
A plantilla personnel who refuses to undergo vaccination shall be held administratively for insubordination and shall be penalized with a one month and one-day suspension to six months for the first offense; and dismissal from the service for the second offense, under Section 50 (d) of the 2017 Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service (2018 RACCS).
An exemption from the mandatory COVID-19 vaccination may be possible due to medical reasons, such as contraindications of available vaccines to a person’s comorbidity. The Vaccine Cluster of the Davao COVID-19 Task Force will have to endorse the exemption to the Human Resource Management Office (HRMO).
Out of the 20,000 city government employees, 12,000 have already been vaccinated without any death recorded.
“The unreasonable refusal of some personnel to get vaccinated should not be allowed to bring to naught the cooperation of the majority, their effort to achieve herd immunity and their right to a healthy disease-free environment,” Mayor Duterte said.
She also said that while the local government unit (LGU) recognizes the right to health of government personnel, including the right to refuse vaccination, this should bow to the superior right of the majority consisting of other city government personnel and the public at large.
The new directive was issued in the wake of the COVID-19 surge in Davao City. Of the COVID-19 deaths from August 29 to September 4, it was found out that 42 of the 46 who expired were unvaccinated.
In the Special Hours program of 87.5 Davao City Disaster Radio (DCDR) program held Monday, September 20, Mayor Duterte said: “If you are a person who feels aggrieved by the EO because you are a city government personnel then you go to our City
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VACCINE SUPPLY
DAVAO CITY
DAVAO CITY SECURITY COMMAND CENTER AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM among 6 ‘smart city’ projects set for completion
September 1, 2021 durianburgdavao Leave a comment
The Intelligent Transportation and Traffic Systems with Security in Davao City is among 6 smart city projects that the government will push to completion. The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) said the Philippine government has expressed its commitment to finish the smart city projects during the 4th Asean Smart Cities Network (ASCN) Annual Meeting held virtually on Monday.
The five other projects which were showcased by the DILG during the ASCN meeting are the Command Center Upgrade and E-government Services in the City of Manila; Bus Rapid Transit System and Digital Traffic System in Cebu City; and Converged Command and Control Center and Intelligent Transportation and Traffic Systems with Security in Davao City.
Davao City’s Converged Command Center, on the other hand, is now in the second phase of its five-phase implementation scheme with digital infrastructure, underground cables, aerial installation of fiber optic cables, and additional closed-circuit televisions or CCTVs for surveillance currently being installed. Its complementary project dubbed as High Priority Bus System (HPBS) is now 70 percent complete while the design of depots and terminals for electric bus (eBus) is 30 percent in progress.
In a news release on Wednesday, DILG Undersecretary for Local Government Marlo Iringan, who represented DILG Secretary Eduardo Año to the meeting, said while the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) crisis stalled the implementation of smart city projects, the Philippines — through its participating local government units (LGUs) — remains committed to pursuing its smart city initiatives. READ MORE
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Davao City named ‘Chocolate Capital of PH’ in new law
May 28, 2021 durianburgdavao Leave a comment
May 27, 2021, 3:45 pm
MANILA – President Rodrigo Duterte has signed a law declaring the city of Davao as the “Chocolate Capital of the Philippines” and the entire Davao Region (Region 11) as the “Cacao Capital of the Philippines.”Republic Act 115471, signed by Duterte on Thursday, recognizes… Read More
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DAVAO CITY, davao region, News, terrorism philippines
ANTI-INSURGENCY BODY AIDS DAVAO VILLAGES WITH DEV’T FUNDS
January 24, 2021 durianburgdavao Leave a comment
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. National Security Adviser Hermogenes Esperon Jr. (right) and Department of Budget and Management Secretary Wendel Avisado. Esperon said Saturday (Jan. 23, 2021) some 215 barangays in the Davao Region will be given PHP20 million worth of funds for the Barangay Development Program under the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict. (PNA photo by Prexx Marnie Kate Trozo)
NTF-ELCAC grants P20-M dev’t fund for 215 villages in Region 11
January 24, 2021
DAVAO CITY – A total of 215 barangays in the Region 11 (Davao) will be given PHP20 million worth of funds for the Barangay Development Program (BDP) under the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC).In a press conference here on Saturday, National Security Adviser… Read More
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Alberta hospital workers walk out to protest job cuts amid COVID-19, AHS calls strike 'illegal' | CTV News
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Alberta hospital workers walk out to protest job cuts amid COVID-19, AHS calls strike 'illegal'
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Published Monday, October 26, 2020 8:30AM MDT Last Updated Monday, October 26, 2020 3:56PM MDT
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EDMONTON -- Members of the Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (AUPE) walked off the job Monday morning to protest the government's plan to contract out about 11,000 laundry and lab positions, a move AUPE calls dangerous to Alberta’s health care system.
More than 1,000 nursing-care and support workers are participating in the wildcat strike in approximately 30 facilities across Alberta, including the Royal Alexandra Hospital in Edmonton.
Health-care workers take to the streets: “Across this province, working people are rising up against Jason Kenney’s job-killing policies and are joining the fight in solidarity," says #AUPE president Guy Smith. #abhealth #ableg https://t.co/mNtAQ6OgPr pic.twitter.com/2xHpX79hjL
— AUPE (@_AUPE_) October 26, 2020
“Shame on this government,” AUPE President Guy Smith said in Edmonton. "Every single government, every political leader across the world is thanking and celebrating the work of their health-care staff during this pandemic. Only in Alberta, during the pandemic, do they tell ya that you’re going to lose your jobs."
Alberta Health Services said some surgeries and ambulatory clinics may need to be postponed.
AHS is enacting contingency plans to redeploy non-union staff, including managers, wherever possible to cover for missing staff. AHS is monitoring the situation closely to try to mitigate patient care interruptions.
— Alberta Health Services (@AHS_media) October 26, 2020
In a written statement, Finance Minister Travis Toews referenced the record increases in health spending and said he expects unions to respect the bargaining process.
“Government’s primary concern is ensuring the health and wellbeing of patients, which has been put at risk this morning,” Toews said. “Those involved in this illegal action will be held accountable.”
AHS made an emergency application to the labour relations board Monday morning.
“Let’s be clear. This isn’t a strike action,” Alberta’s Minister of Jobs, Economy and Innovation Doug Schweitzer said at a separate government announcement on Monday. “This is a wildcat strike and an unlawful step.”
AUPE has received messages of support from the Health Sciences Association of Alberta, the United Nurses of Alberta, the Alberta Federation of Labour and Friends of Medicare.
On Oct. 13, Health Minister Tyler Shandro announced a plan to cut as many as 11,000 jobs. Along with contracting out laundry and lab services, the changes are expected to save the province $600 million annually.
“Some of the most important people in the hospital is our cleaning staff,” said Suzanne White, working leader of Environmental Services at Calgary’s South Health Campus. “And [the government is] doing this when there’s a pandemic. It’s wrong.”
READ MORE: As many as 11,000 AHS jobs on the chopping block as government searches for savings
Shandro said nurses and frontline clinical staff would not be among the layoffs during the pandemic.
The majority of jobs, about 9,700, the government said, will end up under a private employer when AHS begins to contract out services: 400 laundry workers; 2,000 lab workers; 4,000 housekeepers; and 3,000 food workers.
At the time, Smith said AUPE members would be preparing to strike in response.
AUPE represents more than 90,000 workers across the province, including about 58,000 health-care workers.
This is a developing story, more details to come.
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AUPE members at the University of Alberta Hospital were among the workers across the province who walked off the job Monday morning. (Sean McClune / CTV News Edmonton)
The Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (AUPE) says it has filed grievances relating to 771 letters of warning and 27 suspensions from work.
AUPE members across the province walked off the job Monday morning to protest the province's plans to cut jobs and outsource work to save money.
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Astronomia nova (English: New Astronomy, full title in original Latin: Astronomia Nova ΑΙΤΙΟΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ seu physica coelestis, tradita commentariis de motibus stellae Martis ex observationibus G.V. Tychonis Brahe)[1][2] is a book, published in 1609, that contains the results of the astronomer Johannes Kepler's ten-year-long investigation of the motion of Mars.
Astronomia nova (English: New Astronomy)
Author
Johannes Kepler
Original title
Astronomia Nova ΑΙΤΙΟΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ seu physica coelestis, tradita commentariis de motibus stellae Martis ex observationibus G.V. Tychonis Brahe (New Astronomy, reasoned from Causes, or Celestial Physics, Treated by Means of Commentaries on the Motions of the Star Mars, from the Observations of the noble Tycho Brahe)
Language
Latin
Subject
astronomy
One of the most significant books in the history of astronomy, the Astronomia nova provided strong arguments for heliocentrism and contributed valuable insight into the movement of the planets. This included the first mention of the planets' elliptical paths and the change of their movement to the movement of free floating bodies as opposed to objects on rotating spheres. It is recognized as one of the most important works of the Scientific Revolution.[3]
Contents
1 Background
2 Structure and summary
3 Kepler's laws
4 Kepler's knowledge of gravity
5 Commemoration
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
BackgroundEdit
Prior to Kepler, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed in 1543 that the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun. The Copernican model of the Solar System was regarded as a device to explain the observed positions of the planets rather than a physical description.[citation needed]
Kepler sought for and proposed physical causes for planetary motion. His work is primarily based on the research of his mentor, Tycho Brahe. The two, though close in their work, had a tumultuous relationship. Regardless, in 1601 on his deathbed, Brahe asked Kepler to make sure that he did not "die in vain," and to continue the development of his model of the Solar System. Kepler would instead write the Astronomia nova, in which he rejects the Tychonic system, as well as the Ptolemaic system and the Copernican system. Some scholars have speculated that Kepler's dislike for Brahe may have had a hand in his rejection of the Tychonic system and formation of a new one.[4]
By 1602, Kepler set to work on determining the orbit pattern of Mars, keeping David Fabricius informed of his progress. He suggested the possibility of an oval orbit to Fabricius by early 1604, though was not believed. Later in the year, Kepler wrote back with his discovery of Mars's elliptical orbit. The manuscript for Astronomia nova was completed by September 1607, and was in print by August 1609.[5]
Structure and summaryEdit
Diagrams of the three models of planetary motion prior to Kepler
In English, the full title of his work is the New Astronomy, Based upon Causes, or Celestial Physics, Treated by Means of Commentaries on the Motions of the Star Mars, from the Observations of Tycho Brahe, Gent. For over 650 pages, Kepler walks his readers, step by step, through his process of discovery.
The discussion of scripture in the Astronomia nova's introduction was the most widely distributed of Kepler's works in the seventeenth century.[6] The introduction outlines the four steps Kepler took during his research.
The first step is his claim that the Sun itself and not any imaginary point near the Sun (as in the Copernican system) is the point where all the planes of the eccentrics of the planets intersect, or the center of the orbits of the planets.
The second step consists of Kepler placing the Sun as the center and mover of the other planets. This step also contains Kepler's reply to objections against placing the Sun at the center of the universe, including objections based on scripture. In reply to scripture, he argues that it is not meant to claim physical dogma, and the content should be taken spiritually.
In the third step, he posits that the Sun is the source of the motion of all planets, using Brahe’s proof based on comets that planets do not rotate on orbs.
The fourth step consists of describing the path of planets as not a circle, but an oval.
As the Astronomia nova proper starts, Kepler demonstrates that the Tychonic, Ptolemaic, and Copernican systems are indistinguishable on the basis of observations alone. The three models predict the same positions for the planets in the near term, although they diverge from historical observations, and fail in their ability to predict future planetary positions by a small, though absolutely measurable amount. Kepler here introduces his famous diagram of the movement of Mars in relation to Earth if Earth remained unmoving at the center of its orbit. The diagram shows that Mars's orbit would be completely imperfect and never follow along the same path.
Kepler discusses all his work at great length throughout the book. He addresses this length in the sixteenth chapter:
If thou art bored with this wearisome method of calculation, take pity on me, who had to go through with at least seventy repetitions of it, at a very great loss of time.[7]
Kepler, in a very important step, also questions the assumption that the planets move around the center of their orbit at a uniform rate. He finds that computing critical measurements based upon the Sun's actual position in the sky, instead of the Sun's "mean" position injects a significant degree of uncertainty into the models, opening the path for further investigations. The idea that the planets do not move at a uniform rate, but at a speed that varies as their distance from the Sun, was completely revolutionary and would become his second law (discovered before his first). Kepler, in his calculations leading to his second law, made multiple mathematical errors, which luckily cancelled each other out “as if by miracle.”[7]
Given this second law, he puts forth in Chapter 33 that the Sun is the engine that moves the planets. To describe the motion of the planets, he claims the Sun emits a physical species, analogous to the light it also emits, which pushes the planets along. He also suggests a second force within every planet itself that pulls it towards the Sun to keep it from spiraling off into space.
Kepler then attempts to find the true shape of planetary orbits, which he determines is elliptical. His initial attempt to define the orbit of Mars as a circle was off by only eight minutes of arc, but this was enough for him to dedicate six years to resolve the discrepancy. The data seemed to produce a symmetrical oviform curve inside of his predicted circle. He first tested an egg shape, then engineered a theory of an orbit which oscillates in diameter, and returned to the egg. Finally, in early 1605, he geometrically tested an ellipse, which he had previously assumed to be too simple a solution for earlier astronomers to have overlooked.[8] Ironically, he had already derived this solution trigonometrically many months earlier.[9] As he says,
I laid [the original equation] aside, and fell back on ellipses, believing that this was quite a different hypothesis, whereas the two, as I shall prove in the next chapter, are one in [sic] the same... Ah, what a foolish bird I have been![10]
Kepler's lawsEdit
The Astronomia nova records the discovery of the first two of the three principles known today as Kepler's laws of planetary motion, which are:
That the planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.[11]
That the speed of the planet changes at each moment such that the time between two positions is always proportional to the area swept out on the orbit between these positions.[12]
Kepler discovered the "second law" before the first. He presented his second law in two different forms: In Chapter 32 he states that the speed of the planet varies inversely based upon its distance from the Sun, and therefore he could measure changes in position of the planet by adding up all the distance measures, or looking at the area along an orbital arc. This is his so-called "distance law". In Chapter 59, he states that a radius from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times. This is his so-called "area law".
However, Kepler's "area-time principle" did not facilitate easy calculation of planetary positions. Kepler could divide up the orbit into an arbitrary number of parts, compute the planet's position for each one of these, and then refer all questions to a table, but he could not determine the position of the planet at each and every individual moment because the speed of the planet was always changing. This paradox, referred to as the "Kepler problem," prompted the development of calculus.
A decade after the publication of the Astronomia nova, Kepler discovered his "third law", published in his 1619 Harmonices Mundi (Harmonies of the world).[13] He found that the ratio of the cube of the length of the semi-major axis of each planet's orbit, to the square of time of its orbital period, is the same for all planets.
Kepler's knowledge of gravityEdit
See also: History of gravitational theory
In his introductory discussion of a moving earth, Kepler addressed the question of how the Earth could hold its parts together if it moved away from the center of the universe which, according to Aristotelian physics, was the place toward which all heavy bodies naturally moved. Kepler proposed an attractive force similar to magnetism, which may have been known by Newton.
Gravity is a mutual corporeal disposition among kindred bodies to unite or join together; thus the earth attracts a stone much more than the stone seeks the earth. (The magnetic faculty is another example of this sort).... If two stones were set near one another in some place in the world outside the sphere of influence of a third kindred body, these stones, like two magnetic bodies, would come together in an intermediate place, each approaching the other by a space proportional to the bulk [moles] of the other.... For it follows that if the earth's power of attraction will be much more likely to extend to the moon and far beyond, and accordingly, that nothing that consists to any extent whatever of terrestrial material, carried up on high, ever escapes the grasp of this mighty power of attraction.[6]
Kepler discusses the Moon's gravitational effect upon the tides as follows:[14][15]
The sphere of the attractive virtue which is in the moon extends as far as the earth, and entices up the waters; but as the moon flies rapidly across the zenith, and the waters cannot follow so quickly, a flow of the ocean is occasioned in the torrid zone towards the westward. If the attractive virtue of the moon extends as far as the earth, it follows with greater reason that the attractive virtue of the earth extends as far as the moon and much farther; and, in short, nothing which consists of earthly substance anyhow constituted although thrown up to any height, can ever escape the powerful operation of this attractive virtue.
Kepler also clarifies the concept of lightness in terms of relative density, in opposition to the Aristotelian concept of the absolute nature or quality of lightness as follows. His argument could easily be applied today to something like the flight of a hot air balloon.
Nothing which consists of corporeal matter is absolutely light, but that is comparatively lighter which is rarer, either by its own nature, or by accidental heat. And it is not to be thought that light bodies are escaping to the surface of the universe while they are carried upwards, or that they are not attracted by the earth. They are attracted, but in a less degree, and so are driven outwards by the heavy bodies; which being done, they stop, and are kept by the earth in their own place.[15]
In reference to Kepler's discussion relating to gravitation, Walter William Bryant makes the following statement in his book Kepler (1920).
...the Introduction to Kepler's "Commentaries on the Motion of Mars," always regarded as his most valuable work, must have been known to Newton, so that no such incident as the fall of an apple was required to provide a necessary and sufficient explanation of the genesis of his Theory of Universal Gravitation. Kepler's glimpse at such a theory could have been no more than a glimpse, for he went no further with it. This seems a pity, as it is far less fanciful than many of his ideas, though not free from the "virtues" and "animal faculties," that correspond to Gilbert's "spirits and humours".[15]
Kepler considered that this attraction was mutual and was proportional to the bulk of the bodies, but he considered it to have a limited range and he did not consider whether or how this force may have varied with distance. Furthermore, this attraction only acted between "kindred bodies"—bodies of a similar nature, a nature which he did not clearly define.[16][17] Kepler's idea differed significantly from Newton's later concept of gravitation and it can be "better thought of as an episode in the struggle for heliocentrism than as a step toward Universal gravitation."[18]
Kepler sent Galileo the book while the latter was working on his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (published in 1632, two years after Kepler's death). Galileo had been trying to determine the path of an object falling from rest towards the center of the Earth, but used a semicircular orbit in his calculation.[19]
CommemorationEdit
The 2009 International Year of Astronomy commemorates the 400th anniversary of the publication of this work.[20]
NotesEdit
^ Greek, αἰτιολογητός can be translated as "explained, justified" (from αἰτιολογῶ "I explain, I justify"), but it also combines two roots αιτία "cause" and λόγος "reason". Kepler's concern with causes, as clearly shown in the book, indicates that he intended something more specific in the title than a generic 'justified' or 'explained', thus the title Astronomia Nova ΑΙΤΙΟΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ can be understood as "New astronomy based on causes" or "reasoned from causes".
^ Here G.V. is a siglum for "Generositas Vestra", see Winiarczyk, Marek (1995). Sigla Latina in libris impressis occurrentia: cum siglorum graecorum appendice (2nd ed.). OCLC 168613439.
^ Voelkel, James R. (2001). The composition of Kepler's Astronomia nova. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-691-00738-1.
^ Koestler, Arthur (1990) [1959]. The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe. London: Penguin Books. p. 1. ISBN 0-14-019246-8.
^ Dreyer, John Louis Emil (1906). History of the Planetary Systems from Thales to Kepler. Cambridge: University Press. pp. 401–2.
^ a b Kepler, Johannes; William H. Donahue (2004). Selections from Kepler’s Astronomia Nova. Santa Fe: Green Lion Press. p. 1. ISBN 1-888009-28-4.
^ a b Koestler, Arthur (1990). The Sleepwalkers: A history of man’s changing vision of the universe. London: Penguin Books. p. 325. ISBN 0-14-019246-8.
^ Caspar, Max (1993). Kepler; transl. and ed. by C. Doris Hellman; with a new introduction and references by Owen Gingerich; bibliographic citations by Owen Gingerich and Alain Segonds. New York: Dover. p. 133. ISBN 0-486-67605-6
^ Gillispie, Charles Coulston (1960). The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay in the History of Scientific Ideas. Princeton University Press. pp. 33–37. ISBN 0-691-02350-6.
^ Koestler, Arthur (1990). The Sleepwalkers: A history of man's changing vision of the universe. London: Penguin Books. p. 338. ISBN 0-14-019246-8.
^ In his Astronomia nova, Kepler presented only a proof that Mars' orbit is elliptical. Evidence that the other known planets' orbits are elliptical was presented later. See: Johannes Kepler, Astronomia nova … (1609), p. 285. After having rejected circular and oval orbits, Kepler concluded that Mars' orbit must be elliptical. From the top of page 285: "Ergo ellipsis est Planetæ iter; … " (Thus, an ellipse is the planet's [i.e., Mars'] path; … ) Later on the same page: " … ut sequenti capite patescet: ubi simul etiam demonstrabitur, nullam Planetæ relinqui figuram Orbitæ, præterquam perfecte ellipticam; … " ( … as will be revealed in the next chapter: where it will also then be proved that any figure of the planet's orbit must be relinquished, except a perfect ellipse; … ) And then: "Caput LIX. Demonstratio, quod orbita Martis, … , fiat perfecta ellipsis: … " (Chapter 59. Proof that Mars' orbit, … , be a perfect ellipse: … ) The geometric proof that Mars' orbit is an ellipse appears as Protheorema XI on pages 289-290.
Kepler stated that all planets travel in elliptical orbits having the Sun at one focus in: Johannes Kepler, Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae [Summary of Copernican Astronomy] (Linz ("Lentiis ad Danubium"), (Austria): Johann Planck, 1622), book 5, part 1, III. De Figura Orbitæ (III. On the figure [i.e., shape] of orbits), pages 658-665. From p. 658: "Ellipsin fieri orbitam planetæ … " (Of an ellipse is made a planet's orbit … ). From p. 659: " … Sole (Foco altero huius ellipsis) … " ( … the Sun (the other focus of this ellipse) … ).
^ In his Astronomia nova … (1609), Kepler did not present his second law in its modern form. He did that only in his Epitome of 1621. Furthermore, in 1609, he presented his second law in two different forms, which scholars call the "distance law" and the "area law".
His "distance law" is presented in: "Caput XXXII. Virtutem quam Planetam movet in circulum attenuari cum discessu a fonte." (Chapter 32. The force that moves a planet circularly weakens with distance from the source.) See: Johannes Kepler, Astronomia nova … (1609), pp. 165-167. On page 167, Kepler states: " … , quanto longior est αδ quam αε, tanto diutius moratur Planeta in certo aliquo arcui excentrici apud δ, quam in æquali arcu excentrici apud ε." ( … , as αδ is longer than αε, so much longer will a planet remain on a certain arc of the eccentric near δ than on an equal arc of the eccentric near ε.) That is, the farther a planet is from the Sun (at the point α), the slower it moves along its orbit, so a radius from the Sun to a planet passes through equal areas in equal times. However, as Kepler presented it, his argument is accurate only for circles, not ellipses.
His "area law" is presented in: "Caput LIX. Demonstratio, quod orbita Martis, … , fiat perfecta ellipsis: … " (Chapter 59. Proof that Mars' orbit, … , is a perfect ellipse: … ), Protheorema XIV and XV, pp. 291-295. On the top p. 294, it reads: "Arcum ellipseos, cujus moras metitur area AKN, debere terminari in LK, ut sit AM." (The arc of the ellipse, of which the duration is delimited [i.e., measured] by the area AKM, should be terminated in LK, so that it [i.e., the arc] is AM.) In other words, the time that Mars requires to move along an arc AM of its elliptical orbit is measured by the area of the segment AMN of the ellipse (where N is the position of the Sun), which in turn is proportional to the section AKN of the circle that encircles the ellipse and that is tangent to it. Therefore, the area AMN that is swept out by a radius from the Sun to Mars as Mars moves along an arc AM of its elliptical orbit is proportional to the time that Mars requires to move along that arc. Thus, a radius from the Sun to Mars sweeps out equal areas in equal times.
In 1621, Kepler restated his second law for any planet: Johannes Kepler, Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae [Summary of Copernican Astronomy] (Linz ("Lentiis ad Danubium"), (Austria): Johann Planck, 1622), book 5, page 668. From page 668: "Dictum quidem est in superioribus, divisa orbita in particulas minutissimas æquales: accrescete iis moras planetæ per eas, in proportione intervallorum inter eas & Solem." (It has been said above that, if the orbit of the planet is divided into the smallest equal parts, the times of the planet in them increase in the ratio of the distances between them and the sun.) That is, a planet's speed along its orbit is inversely proportional to its distance from the Sun. (The remainder of the paragraph makes clear that Kepler was referring to what is now called angular velocity.)
^ Johannes Kepler, Harmonices Mundi [The Harmony of the World] (Linz, (Austria): Johann Planck, 1619), p. 189. From the bottom of p. 189: "Sed res est certissima exactissimaque quod proportio qua est inter binorum quorumcunque Planetarum tempora periodica, sit præcise sesquialtera proportionis mediarum distantiarum, … " (But it is absolutely certain and exact that the proportion between the periodic times of any two planets is precisely the sesquialternate proportion [i.e., the ratio of 3:2] of their mean distances, … ")
An English translation of Kepler's Harmonices Mundi is available as: Johannes Kepler with E. J. Aiton, A. M. Duncan, and J. V. Field, trans., The Harmony of the World (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Philosophical Society, 1997); see especially p. 411.
^ Johannes Kepler, Astronomia nova … (1609), p. 5 of the Introductio in hoc opus (Introduction to this work). From page 5: "Orbis virtutis tractoriæ, quæ est in Luna, porrigitur utque ad Terras, & prolectat aquas sub Zonam Torridam, … Celeriter vero Luna verticem transvolante, cum aquæ tam celeriter sequi non possint, fluxus quidem fit Oceani sub Torrida in Occidentem, … " (The sphere of the lifting power, which is [centered] in the moon, is extended as far as to the earth and attracts the waters under the torrid zone, … However the moon flies swiftly across the zenith ; because the waters cannot follow so quickly, the tide of the ocean under the torrid [zone] is indeed made to the west, … )
^ a b c Bryant, Walter William (1920), Kepler, Pioneers of Progress: Men of Science, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, p. 36
^ Stephenson, Bruce (1994), Kepler's Physical Astronomy, Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 4–6, ISBN 0-691-03652-7
^ Koyré, Alexandre (1973), The astronomical revolution: Copernicus, Kepler, Borelli, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp. 194–5, ISBN 0-8014-0504-1
^ Stephenson, Bruce (1994), Kepler's Physical Astronomy, Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 5, ISBN 0-691-03652-7
^ Gillispie, Charles Coulston (1960). The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay in the History of Scientific Ideas. Princeton University Press. p. 51. ISBN 0-691-02350-6.
^ "International Year of Astronomy and Johannes Kepler". Kepler Mission. Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2009.
ReferencesEdit
Johannes Kepler, New Astronomy, translated by William H. Donahue, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1992. ISBN 0-521-30131-9
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This article is about the contact team sport played on ice. For the overall family of sports involving sticks and goals, see Hockey. For the sport played on fields and using a hockeyball, see Field hockey.
For other uses, see Ice hockey (disambiguation).
Ice hockey
The Toronto Maple Leafs (white) defend their goal against the Washington Capitals (red) during the first round of the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs.
Highest governing body
International Ice Hockey Federation
First played
19th century Canada
Characteristics
Contact
Full
Team members
3 Forwards
2 Defencemen
1 Goaltender
Type
- team sport
- stick sport
- puck sport
- winter sport
Equipment
- ice hockey pucks
- ice hockey sticks
- ice hockey skates
- shin pads
- shoulder pads
- gloves
- helmets (with visor or cage, depending on age of player and league)
- elbow pads
- jock or jill
- ice hockey socks
- ice hockey shorts
- neck guard (depends on league)
- mouthguard (depends on league)
Venue
Hockey rink or arena
- sometimes played on a frozen lake or pond for recreation
Presence
Olympic
1920 (Men's, summer)
1924 to present (Men's, winter)
1998 to present (Women's, winter)
Paralympic
Yes
Ice hockey is a contact winter team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It is one of the fastest team sports on ice belonging to a small group of four ice skating team sports, irrespective of their associated variants, which now includes bandy, ringette, and rinkball. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice hockey sticks to control, advance and shoot a closed, vulcanized, rubber disc called a "puck" into the other team's goal. Each goal is worth one point. The team which scores the most goals is declared the winner. In a formal game, each team has six skaters on the ice at a time, barring any penalties, one of whom is the goaltender.
In North America and some European countries the sport is known simply as "hockey" in common parlance, however in many countries, "hockey" usually refers to field hockey, except in some Northern areas of Russia where bandy is still referred to as "Russian hockey" or "hockey with a ball". The sport of lacrosse was considered the national sport of Canada until 1994[1] but is now considered the country's official national summer sport while ice hockey is considered its official national winter sport.
The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor game was played on March 3, 1875. Some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey leagues began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion and later became the championship trophy of the NHL. In the early 1900s, the Canadian rules were adopted by the Ligue Internationale de Hockey Sur Glace, the precursor of the IIHF, and the sport was played for the first time at the Olympics during the 1920 Summer Olympics. Despite women having played since the beginnings of the game, women's hockey was not professionally organised until much later, the first IIHF Women's World Championship being held in 1990 and being introduced into the Olympics in 1998.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Name
1.2 Precursors
1.3 Initial development
1.4 Professional era
2 Game
2.1 Periods and overtime
2.2 Penalties
2.3 Officials
2.4 Equipment
3 Injury
4 Tactics
4.1 Checking
4.2 Offensive tactics
4.3 Fights
5 Women's ice hockey
5.1 Differences from the sport of ringette
5.2 Early history of the women's game
5.3 History of Women's World Championship
5.4 History of professional women players
5.5 Growth of the women's game
5.6 Future of the women's game
5.7 Women's ice hockey leagues
6 Leagues and championships
6.1 Club competition
6.1.1 North America
6.1.2 Eurasia
6.1.3 Europe
6.1.4 Other regions
6.2 National team competitions
6.3 Attendance records
7 International Status
7.1 Number of registered players by country
8 Variants
8.1 Pond hockey
8.2 Sledge hockey
8.3 Ringette
9 In popular culture
10 See also
11 References
11.1 Notes
11.2 Works cited
12 Further reading
13 External links
History[edit]
Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th centuries in the United Kingdom, Ireland and elsewhere, primarily bandy, hurling, shinty and lacrosse. Arguably the games most influential to the early design of ice hockey were early forms of an organized sport today known as bandy, a sport distinctly separate from ice hockey. These games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules developed, such as shinny and ice polo, but would later be absorbed into a new organized game with codified rules which today is ice hockey.
Name[edit]
In England, field hockey has historically been called simply "hockey" and was what was referenced by first appearances in print. The first known mention spelled as "hockey" occurred in the 1772 book Juvenile Sports and Pastimes, to Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Author: Including a New Mode of Infant Education, by Richard Johnson (Pseud. Master Michel Angelo), whose chapter XI was titled "New Improvements on the Game of Hockey".[2] The 1527 Statute of Galway banned a sport called "'hokie'—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves". A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage.[3]
The belief that hockey was mentioned in a 1363 proclamation by King Edward III of England[4] is based on modern translations of the proclamation, which was originally in Latin and explicitly forbade the games "Pilam Manualem, Pedivam, & Bacularem: & ad Canibucam & Gallorum Pugnam".[5][6] The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word "hockey" when he translated the proclamation in 1720, instead translating "Canibucam" as "Cambuck";[7] this may have referred to either an early form of hockey or a game more similar to golf or croquet.[8]
According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word "puck" derives from the Scottish Gaelic puc or the Irish poc (to poke, punch or deliver a blow). "...The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his camán or hurley is always called a puck."[9]
Precursors[edit]
A winter scene by Jan van Goyen from the 16th century
Winter landscape, with skaters playing IJscolf (Hendrick Avercamp, the 17th-century Dutch painter)
Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times. In Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey (including bandy ball, played in England). IJscolf, a game resembling colf on an ice-covered surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a wooden curved bat (called a colf or kolf), a wooden or leather ball and two poles (or nearby landmarks), with the objective to hit the chosen point using the fewest strokes. A similar game (knattleikr) had been played for a thousand years or more by the Scandinavian peoples, as documented in the Icelandic sagas. Polo has been referred to as "hockey on horseback".[10] In England, field hockey developed in the late 17th century, and there is evidence that some games of field hockey took place on the ice.[10] These games of "hockey on ice" were sometimes played with a bung (a plug of cork or oak used as a stopper on a barrel). William Pierre Le Cocq stated, in a 1799 letter written in Chesham, England:
I must now describe to you the game of Hockey; we have each a stick turning up at the end. We get a bung. There are two sides one of them knocks one way and the other side the other way. If any one of the sides makes the bung reach that end of the churchyard it is victorious.[11]
A 1797 engraving unearthed by Swedish sport historians Carl Gidén and Patrick Houda shows a person on skates with a stick and bung on the River Thames, probably in December 1796.[12]
British soldiers and immigrants to Canada and the United States brought their stick-and-ball games with them and played them on the ice and snow of winter.
To while away their boredom and to stay in shape they [European colonial soldiers in North America] would play on the frozen rivers and lakes. The British [English] played bandy, the Scots played shinty and golf, the Irish, hurling, while the Dutch soldiers probably pursued ken jaegen. Curiosity led some to try lacrosse. Each group learned the game from the others. The most daring ventured to play on skates. All these contributions nourished a game that was evolving. Hockey was invented by all these people, all these cultures, all these individuals. Hockey is the conclusion of all these beginnings.[13]
In 1825, John Franklin wrote "The game of hockey played on the ice was the morning sport" on Great Bear Lake near the town of Déline during one of his Arctic expeditions. A mid-1830s watercolour portrays New Brunswick lieutenant-governor Archibald Campbell and his family with British soldiers on skates playing a stick-on-ice sport. Captain R.G.A. Levinge, a British Army officer in New Brunswick during Campbell's time, wrote about "hockey on ice" on Chippewa Creek (a tributary of the Niagara River) in 1839. In 1843 another British Army officer in Kingston, Ontario wrote, "Began to skate this year, improved quickly and had great fun at hockey on the ice."[14] An 1859 Boston Evening Gazette article referred to an early game of hockey on ice in Halifax that year.[15] An 1835 painting by John O'Toole depicts skaters with sticks and bung on a frozen stream in the American state of West Virginia, at that time still part of Virginia.[12]
In the same era, the Mi'kmaq, a First Nations people of the Canadian Maritimes, also had a stick-and-ball game. Canadian oral histories describe a traditional stick-and-ball game played by the Mi'kmaq, and Silas Tertius Rand (in his 1894 Legends of the Micmacs) describes a Mi'kmaq ball game known as tooadijik. Rand also describes a game played (probably after European contact) with hurleys, known as wolchamaadijik.[16] Sticks made by the Mi'kmaq were used by the British for their games.
"Ye Gude Olde Days" from Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game, 1899
Early 19th-century paintings depict shinney (or "shinny"), an early form of hockey with no standard rules which was played in Nova Scotia.[17] Many of these early games absorbed the physical aggression of what the Onondaga called dehuntshigwa'es (lacrosse).[18] Shinney was played on the St. Lawrence River at Montreal and Quebec City, and in Kingston[14] and Ottawa. The number of players was often large. To this day, shinney (derived from "shinty") is a popular Canadian[19] term for an informal type of hockey, either ice or street hockey.
Thomas Chandler Haliburton, in The Attache: Second Series (published in 1844) imagined a dialogue, between two of the novel's characters, which mentions playing "hurly on the long pond on the ice". This has been interpreted by some historians from Windsor, Nova Scotia as reminiscent of the days when the author was a student at King's College School in that town in 1810 and earlier.[15][16] Based on Haliburton's quote, claims were made that modern hockey was invented in Windsor, Nova Scotia, by King's College students and perhaps named after an individual ("Colonel Hockey's game").[20] Others claim that the origins of hockey come from games played in the area of Dartmouth and Halifax in Nova Scotia. However, several references have been found to hurling and shinty being played on the ice long before the earliest references from both Windsor and Dartmouth/Halifax,[21] and the word "hockey" was used to designate a stick-and-ball game at least as far back as 1773, as it was mentioned in the book Juvenile Sports and Pastimes, to Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Author: Including a New Mode of Infant Education by Richard Johnson (Pseud. Master Michel Angelo), whose chapter XI was titled "New Improvements on the Game of Hockey".[22]
Initial development[edit]
Members of the Montreal Victorias in 1881
While the game's origins lie elsewhere, Montreal is at the centre of the development of the sport of contemporary ice hockey, and is recognized as the birthplace of organized ice hockey.[23] On March 3, 1875, the first organized indoor game was played at Montreal's Victoria Skating Rink between two nine-player teams, including James Creighton and several McGill University students. Instead of a ball or bung, the game featured a "flat circular piece of wood"[24] (to keep it in the rink and to protect spectators). The goal posts were 8 feet (2.4 m) apart[24] (today's goals are six feet wide). Some observers of the game at McGill made quick note of its surprisingly aggressive and violent nature.
“Shins and heads were battered, benches smashed and the lady spectators fled in confusion.”
— The Daily British Whig[25]
In 1876, games played in Montreal were "conducted under the 'Hockey Association' rules";[26] the Hockey Association was England's field hockey organization. In 1877, The Gazette (Montreal) published a list of seven rules, six of which were largely based on six of the Hockey Association's twelve rules, with only minor differences (even the word "ball" was kept); the one added rule explained how disputes should be settled.[27] The McGill University Hockey Club, the first ice hockey club, was founded in 1877[28] (followed by the Quebec Hockey Club in 1878 and the Montreal Victorias in 1881).[29] In 1880, the number of players per side was reduced from nine to seven.[2]
The number of teams grew, enough to hold the first "world championship" of ice hockey at Montreal's annual Winter Carnival in 1883. The McGill team won the tournament and was awarded the Carnival Cup.[30] The game was divided into thirty-minute halves. The positions were now named: left and right wing, centre, rover, point and cover-point, and goaltender. In 1886, the teams competing at the Winter Carnival organized the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC), and played a season comprising "challenges" to the existing champion.[31]
An ice hockey game held at McGill University in 1884
In Europe, it was previously believed that in 1885 the Oxford University Ice Hockey Club was formed to play the first Ice Hockey Varsity Match against traditional rival Cambridge in St. Moritz, Switzerland; however, this is undocumented and is now considered to have been a game of bandy, but the myth continues to persist. The match was won by the Oxford Dark Blues, 6–0;[32][33] the first photographs and team lists date from 1895.[34] Regardless of the error in terms of which sport was the one in which this contest took place, the rivalry continues, but in ice hockey rather than bandy. Today claims are still made that this is the oldest ice hockey rivalry in history, despite having been debunked. A longstanding similar claim which has turned out to be accurate is the claim that the oldest rivalry in ice hockey history began between Queen's University at Kingston and Royal Military College of Kingston, Ontario. Since 1986, considered the 100th anniversary of the rivalry, teams of the two colleges play for the Carr-Harris Cup.[35]
In 1888, the Governor General of Canada, Lord Stanley of Preston (whose sons and daughter were hockey enthusiasts), first attended the Montreal Winter Carnival tournament and was impressed with the game. In 1892, realizing that there was no recognition for the best team in Canada (although a number of leagues had championship trophies), he purchased a silver bowl for use as a trophy. The Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup (which later became known as the Stanley Cup) was first awarded in 1893 to the Montreal Hockey Club, champions of the AHAC; it continues to be awarded annually to the National Hockey League's championship team.[36] Stanley's son Arthur helped organize the Ontario Hockey Association, and Stanley's daughter Isobel was one of the first women to play ice hockey.
The Stanley Cup in 1893
By 1893, there were almost a hundred teams in Montreal alone; in addition, there were leagues throughout Canada. Winnipeg hockey players used cricket pads to better protect the goaltender's legs; they also introduced the "scoop" shot, or what is now known as the wrist shot. William Fairbrother, from Ontario, Canada is credited with inventing the ice hockey net in the 1890s.[37] Goal nets became a standard feature of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League (CAHL) in 1900. Left and right defence began to replace the point and cover-point positions in the OHA in 1906.[38]
In the United States, ice polo, played with a ball rather than a puck, was popular during this period; however, by 1893 Yale University and Johns Hopkins University held their first ice hockey matches.[39] American financier Malcolm Greene Chace is credited with being the father of hockey in the United States.[40] In 1892, as an amateur tennis player, Chace visited Niagara Falls, New York for a tennis match, where he met some Canadian hockey players. Soon afterwards, Chace put together a team of men from Yale, Brown, and Harvard, and toured across Canada as captain of this team.[40] The first collegiate hockey match in the United States was played between Yale University and Johns Hopkins in Baltimore. Yale, led by captain Chace, beat Hopkins, 2–1.[41] In 1896, the first ice hockey league in the US was formed. The US Amateur Hockey League was founded in New York City, shortly after the opening of the artificial-ice St. Nicholas Rink.
By 1898 the following leagues (associations) had already formed: The Amateur Hockey League of New York, The Amateur Hockey Association of Canada, and The Ontario Hockey Association. The 1898 Spalding Athletic Library book includes rules (laws) and results for each league (association).[42]
Lord Stanley's five sons were instrumental in bringing ice hockey to Europe, defeating a court team (which included the future Edward VII and George V) at Buckingham Palace in 1895.[43] By 1903, a five-team league had been founded. The Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace was founded in 1908 to govern international competition, and the first European championship was won by Great Britain in 1910. The sport grew further in Europe in the 1920s, after ice hockey became an Olympic sport. Many bandy players switched to hockey so as to be able to compete in the Olympics.[44][45] Bandy remained popular in the Soviet Union, which only started its ice hockey program in the 1950s. In the mid-20th century, the Ligue became the International Ice Hockey Federation.[46]
Matthews Arena in Boston remains the oldest indoor ice hockey arena still in operation
As the popularity of ice hockey as a spectator sport grew, earlier rinks were replaced by larger rinks. Most of the early indoor ice rinks have been demolished; Montreal's Victoria Rink, built in 1862, was demolished in 1925.[47] Many older rinks succumbed to fire, such as Denman Arena, Dey's Arena, Quebec Skating Rink and Montreal Arena, a hazard of the buildings' wood construction. The Stannus Street Rink in Windsor, Nova Scotia (built in 1897) may be the oldest still in existence; however, it is no longer used for hockey. The Aberdeen Pavilion (built in 1898) in Ottawa was used for hockey in 1904 and is the oldest existing facility that has hosted Stanley Cup games.
The oldest indoor ice hockey arena still in use today for hockey is Boston's Matthews Arena, which was built in 1910. It has been modified extensively several times in its history and is used today by Northeastern University for hockey and other sports. It was the original home rink of the Boston Bruins professional team,[48] itself the oldest United States-based team in the NHL, starting play in the league in today's Matthews Arena on December 1, 1924. Madison Square Garden in New York City, built in 1968, is the oldest continuously-operating arena in the NHL.[49]
Professional era[edit]
A ice hockey game between Berliner Schlittschuhclub and Brussels Royal IHSC, January 1910
See also: Professional ice hockey, History of the National Hockey League, and History of Canadian Hockey
Professional hockey has existed since the early 20th century. By 1902, the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League was the first to employ professionals. The league joined with teams in Michigan and Ontario to form the first fully professional league—the International Professional Hockey League (IPHL)—in 1904. The WPHL and IPHL hired players from Canada; in response, Canadian leagues began to pay players (who played with amateurs). The IPHL, cut off from its largest source of players, disbanded in 1907. By then, several professional hockey leagues were operating in Canada (with leagues in Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec).
In 1910, the National Hockey Association (NHA) was formed in Montreal. The NHA would further refine the rules: dropping the rover position, dividing the game into three 20-minute periods and introducing minor and major penalties. After re-organizing as the National Hockey League in 1917, the league expanded into the United States, starting with the Boston Bruins in 1924.
Professional hockey leagues developed later in Europe, but amateur leagues leading to national championships were in place. One of the first was the Swiss National League A, founded in 1916. Today, professional leagues have been introduced in most countries of Europe. Top European leagues include the Kontinental Hockey League, the Czech Extraliga, the Finnish Liiga and the Swedish Hockey League.
Game[edit]
Typical layout of an ice hockey rink surface
While the general characteristics of the game stay the same wherever it is played, the exact rules depend on the particular code of play being used. The two most important codes are those of the IIHF[50] and the NHL.[51] Both of the codes, and others, originated from Canadian rules of ice hockey of the early 20th Century.
Ice hockey is played on a hockey rink. During normal play, there are six players per side on the ice at any time, one of them being the goaltender, each of whom is on ice skates. The objective of the game is to score goals by shooting a hard vulcanized rubber disc, the puck, into the opponent's goal net, which is placed at the opposite end of the rink. The players use their sticks to pass or shoot the puck.
Within certain restrictions, players may redirect the puck with any part of their body. Players may not hold the puck in their hand and are prohibited from using their hands to pass the puck to their teammates unless they are in the defensive zone. Players however can knock a puck out of the air with their hand to themself. Players are also prohibited from kicking the puck into the opponent's goal, though unintentional redirections off the skate are permitted. Players may not intentionally bat the puck into the net with their hands.
VTB Arena is an example of an indoor ice hockey arena. The arena is used by HC Dynamo Moscow.
Hockey is an off-side game, meaning that forward passes are allowed, unlike in rugby. Before the 1930s, hockey was an on-side game, meaning that only backward passes were allowed. Those rules favoured individual stick-handling as a key means of driving the puck forward. With the arrival of offside rules, the forward pass transformed hockey into a true team sport, where individual performance diminished in importance relative to team play, which could now be coordinated over the entire surface of the ice as opposed to merely rearward players.[52]
The six players on each team are typically divided into three forwards, two defencemen, and a goaltender. The term skaters is typically used to describe all players who are not goaltenders. The forward positions consist of a centre and two wingers: a left wing and a right wing. Forwards often play together as units or lines, with the same three forwards always playing together. The defencemen usually stay together as a pair generally divided between left and right. Left and right side wingers or defencemen are generally positioned as such, based on the side on which they carry their stick. A substitution of an entire unit at once is called a line change. Teams typically employ alternate sets of forward lines and defensive pairings when short-handed or on a power play. The goaltender stands in a, usually blue, semi-circle called the crease in the defensive zone keeping pucks from going in. Substitutions are permitted at any time during the game, although during a stoppage of play the home team is permitted the final change. When players are substituted during play, it is called changing on the fly. A new NHL rule added in the 2005–06 season prevents a team from changing their line after they ice the puck.
Players from the South Carolina Stingrays perform a line change. A line change is a substitution of an entire line at once.
The boards surrounding the ice help keep the puck in play and they can also be used as tools to play the puck. Players are permitted to bodycheck opponents into the boards as a means of stopping progress. The referees, linesmen and the outsides of the goal are "in play" and do not cause a stoppage of the game when the puck or players are influenced (by either bouncing or colliding) into them. Play can be stopped if the goal is knocked out of position. Play often proceeds for minutes without interruption. When play is stopped, it is restarted with a faceoff. Two players face each other and an official drops the puck to the ice, where the two players attempt to gain control of the puck. Markings (circles) on the ice indicate the locations for the faceoff and guide the positioning of players.
The three major rules of play in ice hockey that limit the movement of the puck: offside, icing, and the puck going out of play. A player is offside if he enters his opponent's zone before the puck itself. Under many situations, a player may not "ice the puck", which means shooting the puck all the way across both the centre line and the opponent's goal line. The puck goes out of play whenever it goes past the perimeter of the ice rink (onto the player benches, over the glass, or onto the protective netting above the glass) and a stoppage of play is called by the officials using whistles. It also does not matter if the puck comes back onto the ice surface from those areas as the puck is considered dead once it leaves the perimeter of the rink. The referee may also blow the whistle for a stoppage in play if the puck is jammed along the boards when 2 or more players are battling for the puck for a long period of time, or if the puck is stuck on the back of any of the two nets for a period of time.
Under IIHF rules, each team may carry a maximum of 20 players and two goaltenders on their roster. NHL rules restrict the total number of players per game to 18, plus two goaltenders. In the NHL, the players are usually divided into four lines of three forwards, and into three pairs of defencemen. On occasion, teams may elect to substitute an extra defenceman for a forward. The seventh defenceman may play as a substitute defenceman, spend the game on the bench, or if a team chooses to play four lines then this seventh defenceman may see ice-time on the fourth line as a forward.
Periods and overtime[edit]
A professional game consists of three periods of twenty minutes, the clock running only when the puck is in play. The teams change ends after each period of play, including overtime. Recreational leagues and children's leagues often play shorter games, generally with three shorter periods of play.
Scoreboard for a hockey game during the fourth period. If a game is tied at the end of the third period, several leagues and tournaments have teams play additional sudden death overtime periods.
Various procedures are used if a tie occurs. In tournament play, as well as in the NHL playoffs, North Americans favour sudden death overtime, in which the teams continue to play twenty-minute periods until a goal is scored. Up until the 1999–2000 season, regular-season NHL games were settled with a single five-minute sudden death period with five players (plus a goalie) per side, with both teams awarded one point in the standings in the event of a tie. With a goal, the winning team would be awarded two points and the losing team none (just as if they had lost in regulation). Counting all time from when the puck first drops, a typical 60-minute game takes around 2 hours and 20 minutes to complete.
From the 1999–2000 until the 2003–04 seasons, the National Hockey League decided ties by playing a single five-minute sudden-death overtime period with each team having four skaters per side (plus the goalie). In the event of a tie, each team would still receive one point in the standings but in the event of a victory the winning team would be awarded two points in the standings and the losing team one point. The idea was to discourage teams from playing for a tie, since previously some teams might have preferred a tie and 1 point to risking a loss and zero points. The only exception to this rule is if a team opts to pull their goalie in exchange for an extra skater during overtime and is subsequently scored upon (an empty net goal), in which case the losing team receives no points for the overtime loss. Since the 2015–16 season, the single five-minute sudden-death overtime session involves three skaters on each side. Since three skaters must always be on the ice in an NHL game, the consequences of penalties are slightly different from those during regulation play; any penalty during overtime that would result in a team losing a skater during regulation instead causes the non-penalized team to add a skater. Once the penalized team's penalty ends, the penalized skater exits the penalty box and the teams continue at 4-on-4 until the next stoppage of play, at which point the teams return to three skaters per side.[53]
Several leagues and tournaments have implemented the shootout as a means to determine a winner, if the game remains tied after an extra overtime period
International play and several North American professional leagues, including the NHL (in the regular season), now use an overtime period identical to that from 1999–2000 to 2003–04 followed by a penalty shootout. If the score remains tied after an extra overtime period, the subsequent shootout consists of three players from each team taking penalty shots. After these six total shots, the team with the most goals is awarded the victory. If the score is still tied, the shootout then proceeds to a sudden death format. Regardless of the number of goals scored during the shootout by either team, the final score recorded will award the winning team one more goal than the score at the end of regulation time. In the NHL if a game is decided in overtime or by a shootout the winning team is awarded two points in the standings and the losing team is awarded one point. Ties no longer occur in the NHL.
The overtime mode for the NHL playoffs differs from the regular season. In the playoffs there are no shootouts nor ties. If a game is tied after regulation, multiple 20-minute periods of 5-on-5 sudden-death overtime will be added. In case of a tied game after the overtime, this procedure is repeated until a team scores, which wins the match. Since 2019, the IIHF World Championships and the gold medal game in the Olympics use the same format, but in a 3-on-3 format.
Penalties[edit]
Main article: Penalty (ice hockey)
An ice hockey player enters the penalty box. Players may be sent to the penalty box for rule infractions, forcing their team to play with one less player for a specified time.
In ice hockey, infractions of the rules lead to play stoppages whereby the play is restarted at a faceoff. Some infractions result in the imposition of a penalty to a player or team. In the simplest case, the offending player is sent to the penalty box and their team has to play with one less player on the ice for a designated amount of time. Minor penalties last for two minutes, major penalties last for five minutes, and a double minor penalty is two consecutive penalties of two minutes duration. A single minor penalty may be extended by a further two minutes for causing visible injury to the victimized player. This is usually when blood is drawn during high sticking. Players may be also assessed personal extended penalties or game expulsions for misconduct in addition to the penalty or penalties their team must serve. The team that has been given a penalty is said to be playing short-handed while the opposing team is on a power play.
A two-minute minor penalty is often charged for lesser infractions such as tripping, elbowing, roughing, high-sticking, delay of the game, too many players on the ice, boarding, illegal equipment, charging (leaping into an opponent or body-checking him after taking more than two strides), holding, holding the stick (grabbing an opponent's stick), interference, hooking, slashing, kneeing, unsportsmanlike conduct (arguing a penalty call with referee, extremely vulgar or inappropriate verbal comments), "butt-ending" (striking an opponent with the knob of the stick), "spearing", or cross-checking. As of the 2005–2006 season, a minor penalty is also assessed for diving, where a player embellishes or simulates an offence. More egregious fouls may be penalized by a four-minute double-minor penalty, particularly those that injure the victimized player. These penalties end either when the time runs out or when the other team scores during the power play. In the case of a goal scored during the first two minutes of a double-minor, the penalty clock is set down to two minutes upon a score, effectively expiring the first minor penalty.
A skater cross-checking his opponent, checking him with the shaft of his stick with two hands.
A skater hooking his opponent, using his stick to restrain him.
The following are examples of rule infractions in the sport, and a penalty may be assessed against that player.
Five-minute major penalties are called for especially violent instances of most minor infractions that result in intentional injury to an opponent, or when a minor penalty results in visible injury (such as bleeding), as well as for fighting. Major penalties are always served in full; they do not terminate on a goal scored by the other team. Major penalties assessed for fighting are typically offsetting, meaning neither team is short-handed and the players exit the penalty box upon a stoppage of play following the expiration of their respective penalties. The foul of boarding (defined as "check[ing] an opponent in such a manner that causes the opponent to be thrown violently in the boards")[54] is penalized either by a minor or major penalty at the discretion of the referee, based on the violent state of the hit. A minor or major penalty for boarding is often assessed when a player checks an opponent from behind and into the boards.
Some varieties of penalties do not always require the offending team to play a man short. Concurrent five-minute major penalties in the NHL usually result from fighting. In the case of two players being assessed five-minute fighting majors, both the players serve five minutes without their team incurring a loss of player (both teams still have a full complement of players on the ice). This differs with two players from opposing sides getting minor penalties, at the same time or at any intersecting moment, resulting from more common infractions. In this case, both teams will have only four skating players (not counting the goaltender) until one or both penalties expire (if one penalty expires before the other, the opposing team gets a power play for the remainder of the time); this applies regardless of current pending penalties. However, in the NHL, a team always has at least three skaters on the ice. Thus, ten-minute misconduct penalties are served in full by the penalized player, but his team may immediately substitute another player on the ice unless a minor or major penalty is assessed in conjunction with the misconduct (a two-and-ten or five-and-ten). In this case, the team designates another player to serve the minor or major; both players go to the penalty box, but only the designee may not be replaced, and he is released upon the expiration of the two or five minutes, at which point the ten-minute misconduct begins. In addition, game misconducts are assessed for deliberate intent to inflict severe injury on an opponent (at the officials' discretion), or for a major penalty for a stick infraction or repeated major penalties. The offending player is ejected from the game and must immediately leave the playing surface (he does not sit in the penalty box); meanwhile, if an additional minor or major penalty is assessed, a designated player must serve out of that segment of the penalty in the box (similar to the above-mentioned "two-and-ten"). In some rare cases, a player may receive up to nineteen minutes in penalties for one string of plays. This could involve receiving a four-minute double-minor penalty, getting in a fight with an opposing player who retaliates, and then receiving a game misconduct after the fight. In this case, the player is ejected and two teammates must serve the double-minor and major penalties.
A skater taking a penalty shot, with a referee in the background. A referee may award a player with a penalty shot if they assess an infraction stopped the player from a clear scoring opportunity
A penalty shot is awarded to a player when the illegal actions of another player stop a clear scoring opportunity, most commonly when the player is on a breakaway. A penalty shot allows the obstructed player to pick up the puck on the centre red-line and attempt to score on the goalie with no other players on the ice, to compensate for the earlier missed scoring opportunity. A penalty shot is also awarded for a defender other than the goaltender covering the puck in the goal crease, a goaltender intentionally displacing his own goal posts during a breakaway to avoid a goal, a defender intentionally displacing his own goal posts when there is less than two minutes to play in regulation time or at any point during overtime, or a player or coach intentionally throwing a stick or other object at the puck or the puck carrier and the throwing action disrupts a shot or pass play.
Officials also stop play for puck movement violations, such as using one's hands to pass the puck in the offensive end, but no players are penalized for these offences. The sole exceptions are deliberately falling on or gathering the puck to the body, carrying the puck in the hand, and shooting the puck out of play in one's defensive zone (all penalized two minutes for delay of game).
In the NHL, a unique penalty applies to the goalies. The goalies now are forbidden to play the puck in the "corners" of the rink near their own net. This will result in a two-minute penalty against the goalie's team. Only in the area in front of the goal line and immediately behind the net (marked by two red lines on either side of the net) the goalie can play the puck.
An additional rule that has never been a penalty, but was an infraction in the NHL before recent rules changes, is the two-line offside pass. Prior to the 2005–06 NHL season, play was stopped when a pass from inside a team's defending zone crossed the centre line, with a face-off held in the defending zone of the offending team. Now, the centre line is no longer used in the NHL to determine a two-line pass infraction, a change that the IIHF had adopted in 1998. Players are now able to pass to teammates who are more than the blue and centre ice red line away.
The NHL has taken steps to speed up the game of hockey and create a game of finesse, by retreating from the past when illegal hits, fights, and "clutching and grabbing" among players were commonplace. Rules are now more strictly enforced, resulting in more penalties, which in turn provides more protection to the players and facilitates more goals being scored. The governing body for United States' amateur hockey has implemented many new rules to reduce the number of stick-on-body occurrences, as well as other detrimental and illegal facets of the game ("zero tolerance").
In men's hockey, but not in women's, a player may use his hip or shoulder to hit another player if the player has the puck or is the last to have touched it. This use of the hip and shoulder is called body checking. Not all physical contact is legal—in particular, hits from behind, hits to the head and most types of forceful stick-on-body contact are illegal.
A referee calls a delayed penalty, which sees play continue until a goal is scored, or the opposing team regains control of the puck
A delayed penalty call occurs when a penalty offence is committed by the team that does not have possession of the puck. In this circumstance the team with possession of the puck is allowed to complete the play; that is, play continues until a goal is scored, a player on the opposing team gains control of the puck, or the team in possession commits an infraction or penalty of their own. Because the team on which the penalty was called cannot control the puck without stopping play, it is impossible for them to score a goal. In these cases, the team in possession of the puck can pull the goalie for an extra attacker without fear of being scored on. However, it is possible for the controlling team to mishandle the puck into their own net. If a delayed penalty is signalled and the team in possession scores, the penalty is still assessed to the offending player, but not served. In 2012, this rule was changed by the United States' National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for college level hockey. In college games, the penalty is still enforced even if the team in possession scores.[55]
Officials[edit]
Main article: Official (ice hockey)
A typical game of hockey is governed by two to four officials on the ice, charged with enforcing the rules of the game. There are typically two linesmen who are mainly responsible for calling "offside" and "icing" violations, breaking up fights, and conducting faceoffs,[56] and one or two referees,[57] who call goals and all other penalties. Linesmen can, however, report to the referee(s) that a penalty should be assessed against an offending player in some situations.[58] The restrictions on this practice vary depending on the governing rules. On-ice officials are assisted by off-ice officials who act as goal judges, time keepers, and official scorers.
Officials working under a four-official system. Orange armbands are worn by the referees to distinguish them from the lineswomen.
The most widespread system in use today is the "three-man system", which uses one referee and two linesmen. Another less commonly used system is the two referee and one linesman system. This system is very close to the regular three-man system except for a few procedure changes. With the first being the National Hockey League, a number of leagues have started to implement the "four-official system", where an additional referee is added to aid in the calling of penalties normally difficult to assess by one single referee. The system is now used in every NHL game since 2001, at IIHF World Championships, the Olympics and in many professional and high-level amateur leagues in North America and Europe.
Officials are selected by the league they work for. Amateur hockey leagues use guidelines established by national organizing bodies as a basis for choosing their officiating staffs. In North America, the national organizing bodies Hockey Canada and USA Hockey approve officials according to their experience level as well as their ability to pass rules knowledge and skating ability tests. Hockey Canada has officiating levels I through VI.[59] USA Hockey has officiating levels 1 through 4.[60]
Equipment[edit]
Main article: Ice hockey equipment
Models with the protective equipment worn by ice hockey skaters; such as a helmet, shoulder pads, elbow pads, gloves, hockey pants, and shin guards.
Since men's ice hockey is a full-contact sport, body checks are allowed so injuries are a common occurrence. Protective equipment is mandatory and is enforced in all competitive situations. This includes a helmet with either a visor or a full face mask, shoulder pads, elbow pads, mouth guard, protective gloves, heavily padded shorts (also known as hockey pants) or a girdle, athletic cup (also known as a jock, for males; and jill, for females), shin pads, skates, and (optionally) a neck protector.
Goaltenders use different equipment. With hockey pucks approaching them at speeds of up to 100 mph (160 km/h) they must wear equipment with more protection. Goaltenders wear specialized goalie skates (these skates are built more for movement side to side rather than forwards and backwards), a jock or jill, large leg pads (there are size restrictions in certain leagues), blocking glove, catching glove, a chest protector, a goalie mask, and a large jersey. Goaltenders' equipment has continually become larger and larger, leading to fewer goals in each game and many official rule changes.
Hockey skates are optimized for physical acceleration, speed and manoeuvrability. This includes rapid starts, stops, turns, and changes in skating direction. In addition, they must be rigid and tough to protect the skater's feet from contact with other skaters, sticks, pucks, the boards, and the ice itself. Rigidity also improves the overall manoeuvrability of the skate. Blade length, thickness (width), and curvature (rocker/radius (front to back) and radius of hollow (across the blade width) are quite different from speed or figure skates. Hockey players usually adjust these parameters based on their skill level, position, and body type. The blade width of most skates are about 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick.
The hockey stick consists of a long, relatively wide, and slightly curved flat blade, attached to a shaft. The curve itself has a big impact on its performance. A deep curve allows for lifting the puck easier while a shallow curve allows for easier backhand shots. The flex of the stick also impacts the performance. Typically, a less flexible stick is meant for a stronger player since the player is looking for the right balanced flex that allows the stick to flex easily while still having a strong "whip-back" which sends the puck flying at high speeds. It is quite distinct from sticks in other sports games and most suited to hitting and controlling the flat puck. Its unique shape contributed to the early development of the game.
Injury[edit]
Ice hockey is a full-contact sport and carries a high risk of injury. Players are moving at speeds around approximately 20–30 mph (30–50 km/h) and much of the game revolves around the physical contact between the players. Skate blades, hockey sticks, shoulder contact, hip contact, and hockey pucks can all potentially cause injuries. The types of injuries associated with hockey include: lacerations, concussions, contusions, ligament tears, broken bones, hyperextensions, and muscle strains. Women's ice hockey players are allowed to contact other players but are not allowed to body check.
An injured skater being attended to after hitting the endboards. Because ice hockey is a full-contact sport, and involves players moving at high speeds, injuries can occur during play.
Compared to athletes who play other sports, ice hockey players are at higher risk of overuse injuries and injuries caused by early sports specialization by teenagers.[61]
According to the Hughston Health Alert, "Lacerations to the head, scalp, and face are the most frequent types of injury [in hockey]."[62] Even a shallow cut to the head results in a loss of a large amount of blood. Direct trauma to the head is estimated to account for 80% of all hockey injuries as a result of player contact with other players or hockey equipment.[62]
One of the leading causes of head injury is body checking from behind. Due to the danger of delivering a check from behind, many leagues, including the NHL have made this a major and game misconduct penalty (called "boarding"). Another type of check that accounts for many of the player-to-player contact concussions is a check to the head resulting in a misconduct penalty (called "head contact"). A check to the head can be defined as delivering a hit while the receiving player's head is down and their waist is bent and the aggressor is targeting the opponent player's head.
The most dangerous result of a head injury in hockey can be classified as a concussion. Most concussions occur during player-to-player contact rather than when a player is checked into the boards. Checks to the head have accounted for nearly 50% of concussions that players in the National Hockey League have suffered. In recent years, the NHL has implemented new rules which penalize and suspend players for illegal checks to the heads, as well as checks to unsuspecting players. Concussions that players suffer may go unreported because there is no obvious physical signs if a player is not knocked unconscious. This can prove to be dangerous if a player decides to return to play without receiving proper medical attention. Studies show that ice hockey causes 44.3% of all traumatic brain injuries among Canadian children.[63] In severe cases, the traumatic brain injuries are capable of resulting in death. Occurrences of death from these injuries are rare.
Tactics[edit]
Checking[edit]
Main article: Checking (ice hockey)
Youths being taught how to properly deliver a check in ice hockey
An important defensive tactic is checking—attempting to take the puck from an opponent or to remove the opponent from play. Stick checking, sweep checking, and poke checking are legal uses of the stick to obtain possession of the puck. The neutral zone trap is designed to isolate the puck carrier in the neutral zone preventing him from entering the offensive zone. Body checking is using one's shoulder or hip to strike an opponent who has the puck or who is the last to have touched it (the last person to have touched the puck is still legally "in possession" of it, although a penalty is generally called if he is checked more than two seconds after his last touch). Body checking is also a penalty in certain leagues in order to reduce the chance of injury to players. Often the term checking is used to refer to body checking, with its true definition generally only propagated among fans of the game.
Offensive tactics[edit]
Main articles: Shot (ice hockey), Slapshot, Wrist shot, Snap shot (ice hockey), Backhand slapshot, Offside (ice hockey), Extra attacker, and Deke (ice hockey)
Offensive tactics include improving a team's position on the ice by advancing the puck out of one's zone towards the opponent's zone, progressively by gaining lines, first your own blue line, then the red line and finally the opponent's blue line. NHL rules instated for the 2006 season redefined the offside rule to make the two-line pass legal; a player may pass the puck from behind his own blue line, past both that blue line and the centre red line, to a player on the near side of the opponents' blue line. Offensive tactics are designed ultimately to score a goal by taking a shot. When a player purposely directs the puck towards the opponent's goal, he or she is said to "shoot" the puck.
An NHL fan exhibit, where guests attempt to deflect the puck in order to score
A deflection is a shot that redirects a shot or a pass towards the goal from another player, by allowing the puck to strike the stick and carom towards the goal. A one-timer is a shot struck directly off a pass, without receiving the pass and shooting in two separate actions. Headmanning the puck, also known as breaking out, is the tactic of rapidly passing to the player farthest down the ice. Loafing, also known as cherry-picking, is when a player, usually a forward, skates behind an attacking team, instead of playing defence, in an attempt to create an easy scoring chance.
A team that is losing by one or two goals in the last few minutes of play will often elect to pull the goalie; that is, remove the goaltender and replace him or her with an extra attacker on the ice in the hope of gaining enough advantage to score a goal. However, it is an act of desperation, as it sometimes leads to the opposing team extending their lead by scoring a goal in the empty net.
One of the most important strategies for a team is their forecheck. Forechecking is the act of attacking the opposition in their defensive zone. Forechecking is an important part of the dump and chase strategy (i.e. shooting the puck into the offensive zone and then chasing after it). Each team will use their own unique system but the main ones are: 2–1–2, 1–2–2, and 1–4. The 2–1–2 is the most basic forecheck system where two forwards will go in deep and pressure the opposition's defencemen, the third forward stays high and the two defencemen stay at the blueline. The 1–2–2 is a bit more conservative system where one forward pressures the puck carrier and the other two forwards cover the oppositions' wingers, with the two defencemen staying at the blueline. The 1–4 is the most defensive forecheck system, referred to as the neutral zone trap, where one forward will apply pressure to the puck carrier around the oppositions' blueline and the other 4 players stand basically in a line by their blueline in hopes the opposition will skate into one of them. Another strategy is the left wing lock, which has two forwards pressure the puck and the left wing and the two defencemen stay at the blueline.
A goalie heads to the bench in order to allow for an extra attacker
There are many other little tactics used in the game of hockey. Cycling moves the puck along the boards in the offensive zone to create a scoring chance by making defenders tired or moving them out of position. Pinching is when a defenceman pressures the opposition's winger in the offensive zone when they are breaking out, attempting to stop their attack and keep the puck in the offensive zone. A saucer pass is a pass used when an opposition's stick or body is in the passing lane. It is the act of raising the puck over the obstruction and having it land on a teammate's stick.
A deke, short for "decoy", is a feint with the body or stick to fool a defender or the goalie. Many modern players, such as Pavel Datsyuk, Sidney Crosby and Patrick Kane, have picked up the skill of "dangling", which is fancier deking and requires more stick handling skills.
Fights[edit]
Main article: Fighting in ice hockey
Fighting in ice hockey is officially prohibited in the rules, although it continues to be an established tradition in the sport in North America
Although fighting is officially prohibited in the rules, it is not an uncommon occurrence at the professional level, and its prevalence has been both a target of criticism and a considerable draw for the sport. At the professional level in North America fights are unofficially condoned. Enforcers and other players fight to demoralize the opposing players while exciting their own, as well as settling personal scores. A fight will also break out if one of the team's skilled players gets hit hard or someone receives what the team perceives as a dirty hit. The amateur game penalizes fisticuffs more harshly, as a player who receives a fighting major is also assessed at least a 10-minute misconduct penalty (NCAA and some Junior leagues) or a game misconduct penalty and suspension (high school and younger, as well as some casual adult leagues).[64] Crowds seem to like fighting in ice hockey and cheer when fighting erupts.[65]
Women's ice hockey[edit]
The chief difference between women's and men's ice hockey today is that body checking is prohibited in women's hockey, though this difference did not begin to become the case until the mid-1980s in Canada. Prior to this point, bodychecking had been a part of the women's game in most cases, including Europe.
Ringette, a Canadian sport created exclusively for female participants in the 1960s, was in several ways very much unlike female ice hockey despite its design as an ice skating team sport. One of ringette's distinctive differences are observed in its early development, where the conscious and deliberate exclusion of bodychecking became a part of the sports foundational design.
In Canada in 1983 there were over 14,500 registered ringette players. That same year the number of players registered in the female category of ice hockey in Canada was a mere 5,379, less than 40% of ringette’s numbers. It wasn't until between the 1980s and 1990's that body checking was removed from female ice hockey game.
Body checking in some of the women's hockey leagues in Canada were completely removed in 1986, as is stated in, "On the Edge: Women Making Hockey History". It wasn't until after the 1990 Women's World Championship that bodychecking was eliminated from the women's ice hockey format internationally. Once it was removed, the sport saw strong growth as the new design became the one used in modern sports marketing campaigns, often mistakenly believed to be the original women's and girls ice hockey model despite the existence of its past design. The game format which included bodychecking was not the one exhibited by the international media once women's ice hockey became an official Olympic sport at the Winter Olympics.
In current IIHF women's competition, body checking is either a minor or major penalty, decided at the referee's discretion.[66] In addition, players in women's competition are required to wear protective full-face masks.[66]
Between 1995-2005 the number of participants increased by 400 percent.[67] In 2011, Canada had 85,827 women players,[68] United States had 65,609,[69] Finland 4,760,[70] Sweden 3,075[71] and Switzerland 1,172.[72] There are leagues of many levels, including the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL), Zhenskaya Hockey League, Mid-Atlantic Women's Hockey League, and various European leagues, as well as university teams, national and Olympic teams, and recreational teams. The IIHF holds IIHF World Women's Championships tournaments in several divisions; championships are held annually, except that the top flight does not play in Olympic years.[73]
Differences from the sport of ringette[edit]
In Canada, to some extent ringette has been portrayed as having served as the female counterpart to ice hockey in order to erase the fact that male ice hockey has always been more popular than female ice hockey, causing embarrassment for the gender parity feminist movement in women's sports.[74] However, when the game was created, girls ice hockey and broomball programs and opportunities were available all across Canada and ringette was created only as a means to ameliorate the problem of a lack of participation in these programs that was observed to have existed in a small area of Canada. There is no existing evidence that suggests ringette was created to serve a feminist agenda or function or, making it a target for gender feminist detractors who intentionally superimpose either a feminist narrative when analyzing the sport or portray the game as a rampart of a patriarchal conspiracy to keep women from participating in traditionally male oriented sports.[75]
Early history of the women's game[edit]
See also: Canadian women's ice hockey history and History of women's ice hockey in the United States
Women playing ice hockey, c. 1888. The daughter of Lord Stanley of Preston, Lady Isobel Gathorne-Hardy, is visible in white.
Women are known to have already played bandy but began playing the game of ice hockey in the late 19th century. Several games were recorded in the 1890s in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The women of Lord Stanley's family were known to participate in the game of ice hockey on the outdoor ice rink at Rideau Hall, the residence of Canada's Governor-General.
The earliest available records denoting the initial beginning of the women's category of ice hockey show the development began occurring in the late 19th-century in British North America, what today is the country of Canada. More historical research has revealed that much like the men's game of ice hockey, women had previously been playing a conglomeration of games now known as bandy, a type of field sport on ice using ice skates and a stick and ball which had become an increasingly popular winter pastime among the British. These stick-and-ball winter skating games also began growing after they were introduced in Scandinavia. However, bandy did not organize as a sport in North America and eventually morphed into a new sport now recognized as ice hockey. Points of historical note where bandy and ice hockey begin to evolve into separate sports involve the use of a puck rather than a ball, a reduction in the number of players on the ice at a time, and the size of the playing area; an early organized bandy game generally used a field-of-ice format (still used today) a size roughly in comparison to a football field, while ice hockey began using a smaller size, an ice rink, which is now the standard area used in organized ice hockey today.
The women's ice hockey game developed at first without an organizing body. A tournament in 1902 between Montreal and Trois-Rivieres was billed as the first championship tournament. Several tournaments, such as at the Banff Winter Carnival, were held in the early 20th century and numerous women's teams such as the Seattle Vamps and Vancouver Amazons existed. Organizations started to develop in the 1920s, such as the Ladies Ontario Hockey Association, and later, the Dominion Women's Amateur Hockey Association. Starting in the 1960s, the women's game spread to more universities. Today, the sport is played from youth through adult leagues, and in the universities of North America and internationally. There have been two major professional women's hockey leagues to have paid its players: the National Women's Hockey League with teams in the United States, Canada and the Zhenskaya Hockey League with teams in Russia and China.
History of Women's World Championship[edit]
The first women's world championship tournament, albeit unofficial, was held in 1987 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This was followed by the first IIHF World Championship in 1990 in Ottawa. Women's ice hockey was added as a medal sport at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. The United States won the gold, Canada won the silver and Finland won the bronze medal.[76] Canada won in 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014, and also reached the gold medal game in 2018, where it lost in a shootout to the United States, their first loss in a competitive Olympic game since 2002.[77]
Medal ceremony for the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2010 Winter Olympics
History of professional women players[edit]
The United States Hockey League (USHL) welcomed the first female professional ice hockey player in 1969–70, when the Marquette Iron Rangers signed Karen Koch.[78] One woman, Manon Rhéaume, has played in NHL pre-season games as a goaltender for the Tampa Bay Lightning against the St. Louis Blues and the Boston Bruins. In 2003, Hayley Wickenheiser played with the Kirkkonummi Salamat in the Finnish men's Suomi-sarja league. Several women have competed in North American minor leagues, including Rhéaume, goaltenders Kelly Dyer and Erin Whitten and defenceman Angela Ruggiero.
Growth of the women's game[edit]
With interest in women's ice hockey growing, between 2007 and 2010 the number of registered female players worldwide grew from 153,665 to 170,872. Today there are teams in North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa and Latin America.[79]
Future of the women's game[edit]
The future of international women's ice hockey was discussed at the World Hockey Summit in 2010, and dealt with how IIHF member associations could work together to grow the game and increase registration numbers, and the relative strength of the women's game in North America compared to the rest of the world.[80] International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge raised concerns that the women's hockey tournament might be eliminated from the Olympics since the event was not competitively balanced and was dominated by Canada and the United States.[81] Team Canada captain Hayley Wickenheiser explained that the talent gap between the North American and European countries was due to the presence of women's professional leagues in North America, along with year-round training facilities. She stated the European players were talented, but their respective national team programs were not given the same level of support as the European men's national teams, or the North American women's national teams.[82] She stressed the need for women to have their own professional league which would be for the benefit of international hockey. IIHF vice-president Murray Costello promised to invest $2-million towards developing international women's hockey.[83]
Women's ice hockey leagues[edit]
Members of the Buffalo Beauts and the Minnesota Whitecaps during the 2019 Isobel Cup championship game for the NWHL, now known as the Premier Hockey Federation.
The primary women's professional ice hockey league in North America is now the Premier Hockey Federation (PHF) which was previously known as the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL) until a recent rebranding effort in 2021.[84] The PHF includes five teams located in the United States and one in Canada.[85] From 2007 until 2019 the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) operated with teams in Canada, the United States and China.[86] After the collapse of the CWHL in May 2019, the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA) was formed by over 150 players with the goal of creating a sustainable professional league for women's ice hockey in North America. While not formally organised as a league, the players of the PWHPA include most North American Olympians, are exclusively affiliated with one of the organisation's regional hubs, and a number of games and events are held between the hubs and PWHPA partners.
There are a number of professional or semi-professional women's leagues in Europe, most notably the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL), with ten teams in Sweden, and the Zhenskaya Hockey League (ZhHL), with seven teams in Russia and one in China. Other significant European leagues include the Naisten Liiga in Finland, the Switzerland women's ice hockey league (SWHL A), and the European Women's Hockey League (EWHL).
Leagues and championships[edit]
Main article: List of ice hockey leagues
The following is a list of professional ice hockey leagues by attendance:
League
Country
Notes
Average Attendance[87]
for 2018–19
National Hockey League (NHL) United States (25 teams)
Canada (7 teams) 17,406
National League (NL) Switzerland 6,949
Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) Germany 6,215
Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) Russia (19 teams)
Belarus (1 team)
China (1 team)
Finland (1 team)
Kazakhstan (1 team)
Latvia (1 team) Successor to Russian Superleague and Soviet Championship League 6,397
American Hockey League United States (26 teams)
Canada (5 teams) Developmental league for NHL 5,672
Swedish Hockey League (SHL) Sweden Known as Elitserien until 2013 5,936
Czech Extraliga Czech Republic Formed from the split of the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League 5,401
Liiga Finland Originally SM-sarja from 1928 to 1975. Known as SM-Liiga from 1975 to 2013 4,232
Western Hockey League Canada (17 teams)
United States (5 teams) Junior league 4,295
ECHL United States (25 teams)
Canada (2 teams) 4,365
Ontario Hockey League Canada (17 teams)
United States (3 teams) Junior league 3,853
NCAA Men's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament United States Amateur intercollegiate competition 3,281
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League Canada Junior league 3,271
Champions Hockey League Europe Europe-wide championship tournament league. Successor to European Trophy and Champions Hockey League 3,397[88]
Southern Professional Hockey League United States 3,116
Austrian Hockey League Austria (8 teams)
Hungary (1 team)
Czech Republic (1 team)
Italy (1 team)
Croatia (1 team) 2,970
Elite Ice Hockey League United Kingdom Teams in all of the home nations: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland 2,850
DEL2 Germany Second division of Germany 2,511
United States Hockey League United States Amateur junior league 2,367
HockeyAllsvenskan Sweden Second division of Sweden 2,713
GET-ligaen Norway 1,827
Slovak Extraliga Slovakia (11 teams)
Hungary (2 teams) Formed from the split of the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League 1,663
Ligue Magnus France 1,716
Supreme Hockey League (VHL) Russia (24 teams)
Kazakhstan (2 teams)
China (2 teams) Second division of Russia and partial development league for the KHL 1,766
Swiss League Switzerland Second division of Switzerland 1,845
WSM Liga Czech Republic Second division of Czechia 1,674
Latvian Hockey Higher League Latvia (6 teams) 1,354
Metal Ligaen Denmark 1,525
National Women's Hockey League United States (5 teams)
Canada (1 team) Formed in 2015 954[89]
Asia League Japan (4 teams)
South Korea (3 teams)
Russia (1 team)
China (1 team) 976
Mestis Finland Successor to I-Divisioona, Second division of Finland 762
Federal Prospects Hockey League United States 1,546[90]
Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey Canada 1,131[91]
BeNe League Netherlands (10 teams)
Belgium (6 teams) Formed in 2015 with teams from Dutch Eredivisie and Belgian Hockey League 784
Polska Hokej Liga Poland 751
Erste Liga Hungary (6 teams)
Romania (2 teams)
Austria (1 team) 601
Alps Hockey League Austria (7 teams)
Italy (8 teams)
Slovenia (2 teams) Formed in 2016 with the merger of Italy's Serie A and the joint Austrian–Slovenian Inter-National League 734
Belarusian Extraleague Belarus 717
Swedish Women's Hockey League Sweden Formed in 2007 and known as Riksserien until 2016 234
Club competition[edit]
North America[edit]
Advert for the 2016 NHL All-Star Game outside Bridgestone Arena, featuring players from its clubs based in Canada, and the United States
The NHL is by far the best attended and most popular ice hockey league in the world, and is among the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The league's history began after Canada's National Hockey Association decided to disband in 1917; the result was the creation of the National Hockey League with four teams. The league expanded to the United States beginning in 1924 and had as many as 10 teams before contracting to six teams by 1942–43. In 1967, the NHL doubled in size to 12 teams, undertaking one of the greatest expansions in professional sports history. A few years later, in 1972, a new 12-team league, the World Hockey Association (WHA) was formed and due to its ensuing rivalry with the NHL, it caused an escalation in players' salaries. In 1979, the 17-team NHL merged with the WHA creating a 21-team league.[92] By 2017, the NHL had expanded to 31 teams, and after a realignment in 2013, these teams were divided into two conferences and four divisions.[93] The league is expected to expand to 32 teams by 2021.
The American Hockey League (AHL), sometimes referred to as "The A",[94] is the primary developmental professional league for players aspiring to enter the NHL. It comprises 31 teams from the United States and Canada. It is run as a "farm league" to the NHL, with the vast majority of AHL players under contract to an NHL team. The ECHL (called the East Coast Hockey League before the 2003–04 season) is a mid-level minor league in the United States with a few players under contract to NHL or AHL teams.
As of 2019, there are three minor professional leagues with no NHL affiliations: the Federal Prospects Hockey League (FPHL), Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey (LNAH), and the Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL).
Pre-game warmups prior to a Memorial Cup game. The tourney serves as the championship for the major junior Canadian Hockey League.
U Sports ice hockey is the highest level of play at the Canadian university level under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. As these players compete at the university level, they are obligated to follow the rule of standard eligibility of five years. In the United States especially, college hockey is popular and the best university teams compete in the annual NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship. The American Collegiate Hockey Association is composed of college teams at the club level.
In Canada, the Canadian Hockey League is an umbrella organization comprising three major junior leagues: the Ontario Hockey League, the Western Hockey League, and the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. It attracts players from Canada, the United States and Europe. The major junior players are considered amateurs as they are under 21-years-old and not paid a salary, however, they do get a stipend and play a schedule similar to a professional league. Typically, the NHL drafts many players directly from the major junior leagues.
In the United States, the United States Hockey League (USHL) is the highest junior league. Players in this league are also amateur with players required to be under 21-years old, but do not get a stipend, which allows players to retain their eligibility for participation in NCAA ice hockey.
Eurasia[edit]
A Russian stamp commemorating the Gagarin Cup, which is presented to the KHL's playoff champion. The KHL is the largest ice hockey league in Eurasia.
The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the largest and most popular ice hockey league in Eurasia. The league is the direct successor to the Russian Super League, which in turn was the successor to the Soviet League, the history of which dates back to the Soviet adoption of ice hockey in the 1940s. The KHL was launched in 2008 with clubs predominantly from Russia, but featuring teams from other post-Soviet states. The league expanded beyond the former Soviet countries beginning in the 2011–12 season, with clubs in Croatia and Slovakia. The KHL currently comprises member clubs based in Belarus (1), China (1), Finland (1), Latvia (1), Kazakhstan (1) and Russia (19) for a total of 24.
The second division of hockey in Eurasia is the Supreme Hockey League (VHL). This league features 24 teams from Russia and 2 from Kazakhstan. This league is currently being converted to a farm league for the KHL, similarly to the AHL's function in relation to the NHL. The third division is the Russian Hockey League, which features only teams from Russia. The Asia League, an international ice hockey league featuring clubs from China, Japan, South Korea, and the Russian Far East, is the successor to the Japan Ice Hockey League.
The highest junior league in Eurasia is the Junior Hockey League (MHL). It features 32 teams from post-Soviet states, predominantly Russia. The second tier to this league is the Junior Hockey League Championships (MHL-B).
Europe[edit]
Players from the ZSC Lions line up prior to a game. The club plays in the Swiss National League A.
Several countries in Europe have their own top professional senior leagues. Many future KHL and NHL players start or end their professional careers in these leagues. The National League A in Switzerland, Swedish Hockey League in Sweden, Liiga in Finland, and Czech Extraliga in the Czech Republic are all very popular in their respective countries.
Beginning in the 2014–15 season, the Champions Hockey League was launched, a league consisting of first-tier teams from several European countries, running parallel to the teams' domestic leagues. The competition is meant to serve as a Europe-wide ice hockey club championship. The competition is a direct successor to the European Trophy and is related to the 2008–09 tournament of the same name.
There are also several annual tournaments for clubs, held outside of league play. Pre-season tournaments include the European Trophy, Tampere Cup and the Pajulahti Cup. One of the oldest international ice hockey competition for clubs is the Spengler Cup, held every year in Davos, Switzerland, between Christmas and New Year's Day. It was first awarded in 1923 to the Oxford University Ice Hockey Club. The Memorial Cup, a competition for junior-level (age 20 and under) clubs is held annually from a pool of junior championship teams in Canada and the United States.
International club competitions organized by the IIHF include the Continental Cup, the Victoria Cup and the European Women's Champions Cup. The World Junior Club Cup is an annual tournament of junior ice hockey clubs representing each of the top junior leagues.
Other regions[edit]
The Australian Ice Hockey League and New Zealand Ice Hockey League are represented by nine and five teams respectively. As of 2012, the two top teams of the previous season from each league compete in the Trans-Tasman Champions League.
Ice hockey in Africa is a small but growing sport; while no African ice hockey playing nation has a domestic national leagues, there are several regional leagues in South Africa.
National team competitions[edit]
Alexander Ovechkin of the Russian men's hockey team moves the puck as Czech Republic's Filip Kuba defends against him, during the 2010 Olympics
Ice hockey has been played at the Winter Olympics since 1924 (and was played at the summer games in 1920). Hockey is Canada's national winter sport, and Canadians are extremely passionate about the game. The nation has traditionally done very well at the Olympic games, winning 6 of the first 7 gold medals. However, by 1956 its amateur club teams and national teams could not compete with the teams of government-supported players from the Soviet Union. The USSR won all but two gold medals from 1956 to 1988. The United States won its first gold medal in 1960. On the way to winning the gold medal at the 1980 Lake Placid Olympics, amateur US college players defeated the heavily favoured Soviet squad—an event known as the "Miracle on Ice" in the United States. Restrictions on professional players were fully dropped at the 1988 games in Calgary. NHL agreed to participate ten years later. 1998 Games saw the full participation of players from the NHL, which suspended operations during the Games and has done so in subsequent Games up until 2018. The 2010 games in Vancouver were the first played in an NHL city since the inclusion of NHL players. The 2010 games were the first played on NHL-sized ice rinks, which are narrower than the IIHF standard.
National teams representing the member federations of the IIHF compete annually in the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championships. Teams are selected from the available players by the individual federations, without restriction on amateur or professional status. Since it is held in the spring, the tournament coincides with the annual NHL Stanley Cup playoffs and many of the top players are hence not available to participate in the tournament. Many of the NHL players who do play in the IIHF tournament come from teams eliminated before the playoffs or in the first round, and federations often hold open spots until the tournament to allow for players to join the tournament after their club team is eliminated. For many years, the tournament was an amateur-only tournament, but this restriction was removed, beginning in 1977.
Skaters from the Finnish and Belorussian men's ice hockey teams shortly after a face-off during the 2016 IIHF World Championship. The IIHF is an annual national team tournament.
The 1972 Summit Series and 1974 Summit Series, two series pitting the best Canadian and Soviet players without IIHF restrictions were major successes, and established a rivalry between Canada and the USSR. In the spirit of best-versus-best without restrictions on amateur or professional status, the series were followed by five Canada Cup tournaments, played in North America. Two NHL versus USSR series were also held: the 1979 Challenge Cup and Rendez-vous '87. The Canada Cup tournament later became the World Cup of Hockey, played in 1996, 2004 and 2016. The United States won in 1996 and Canada won in 2004 and 2016.
Since the initial women's world championships in 1990, there have been fifteen tournaments.[73] Women's hockey has been played at the Olympics since 1998.[76] The only finals in the women's world championship or Olympics that did not involve both Canada and the United States were the 2006 Winter Olympic final between Canada and Sweden and 2019 World Championship final between the US and Finland.
Other ice hockey tournaments featuring national teams include the World U20 Championship, the World U18 Championships, the World U-17 Hockey Challenge, the World Junior A Challenge, the Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament, the World Women's U18 Championships and the 4 Nations Cup. The annual Euro Hockey Tour, an unofficial European championship between the national men's teams of the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia and Sweden have been played since 1996–97.
Attendance records[edit]
Main article: List of ice hockey games with highest attendance
The Big Chill at the Big House was a collegiate ice hockey game played at Michigan Stadium in 2010. The game set the attendance record for ice hockey games
The attendance record for an ice hockey game was set on December 11, 2010, when the University of Michigan's men's ice hockey team faced cross-state rival Michigan State in an event billed as "The Big Chill at the Big House". The game was played at Michigan's (American) football venue, Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor, with a capacity of 109,901 as of the 2010 football season. When UM stopped sales to the public on May 6, 2010, with plans to reserve remaining tickets for students, over 100,000 tickets had been sold for the event.[95] Ultimately, a crowd announced by UM as 113,411, the largest in the stadium's history (including football), saw the homestanding Wolverines win 5–0. Guinness World Records, using a count of ticketed fans who actually entered the stadium instead of UM's figure of tickets sold, announced a final figure of 104,173.[96][97]
The record was approached but not broken at the 2014 NHL Winter Classic, which also held at Michigan Stadium, with the Detroit Red Wings as the home team and the Toronto Maple Leafs as the opposing team with an announced crowd of 105,491. The record for a NHL Stanley Cup playoff game is 28,183, set on April 23, 1996, at the Thunderdome during a Tampa Bay Lightning – Philadelphia Flyers game.[98]
International Status[edit]
The match between Ilves (yellow and green) and Tappara (blue and orange) on December 3, 2021 at Nokia Arena in Tampere, Finland
Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, and the United States. Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada.[99] In addition, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland. North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world. The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking. Worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 76 countries.[100]
In international competitions, the national teams of six countries (the Big Six) predominate: Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in men's competition at the Olympics, only seven medals were not awarded to one of those countries (or two of their precursors, the Soviet Union for Russia, and Czechoslovakia for the Czech Republic). In the annual Ice Hockey World Championships, 177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. Teams outside the Big Six have won only nine medals in either competition since 1953.[101][102] The World Cup of Hockey is organized by the National Hockey League and the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA), unlike the annual World Championships and quadrennial Olympic tournament, both run by the International Ice Hockey Federation. World Cup games are played under NHL rules and not those of the IIHF, and the tournament occurs prior to the NHL pre-season, allowing for all NHL players to be available, unlike the World Championships, which overlaps with the NHL's Stanley Cup playoffs. Furthermore, all 12 Women's Olympic and 36 IIHF World Women's Championship medals were awarded to one of the Big Six. The Canadian national team or the United States national team have between them won every gold medal of either series.[103][104]
Number of registered players by country[edit]
Number of registered hockey players, including male, female and junior, provided by the respective countries' federations. Note that this list only includes the 37 of 81 IIHF member countries with more than 1,000 registered players as of December 2020.[105][106]
Country
Players
% of population
Canada 607,951 1.611%
United States 561,700 0.170%
Czech Republic 129,595 1.210%
Russia 100,701 0.069%
Sweden 73,293 0.726%
Finland 71,063 1.283%
Switzerland 30,655 0.354%
France 21,582 0.033%
Germany 21,336 0.025%
Japan 18,641 0.015%
United Kingdom 11,148 0.016%
Slovakia 10,970 0.201%
Norway 10,270 0.189%
China 9,506 0.001%
Hungary 7,802 0.081%
Kazakhstan 7,684 0.041%
Austria 7,670 0.085%
Latvia 7,460 0.396%
Belarus 5,525 0.058%
Ukraine 5,340 0.012%
Denmark 5,147 0.089%
Australia 5,137 0.020%
Italy 4,926 0.008%
Poland 3,770 0.010%
Netherlands 3,528 0.021%
South Korea 3,114 0.006%
Mexico 2,690 0.002%
Lithuania 2,550 0.094%
North Korea 2,400 0.009%
Romania 2,131 0.011%
New Zealand 1,791 0.037%
Belgium 1,760 0.015%
Kyrgyzstan 1,530 0.023%
India 1,502 0.000%
Turkey 1,500 0.002%
Slovenia 1,254 0.060%
Estonia 1,105 0.083%
Variants[edit]
Pond hockey[edit]
Main article: Pond hockey
A game of pond hockey being played in Lac-Beauport, Quebec
Pond hockey is a form of ice hockey played generally as pick-up hockey on lakes, ponds and artificial outdoor rinks during the winter. Pond hockey is commonly referred to in hockey circles as shinny. Its rules differ from traditional hockey because there is no hitting and very little shooting, placing a greater emphasis on skating, stickhandling and passing abilities. Since 2002, the World Pond Hockey Championship has been played on Roulston Lake in Plaster Rock, New Brunswick, Canada.[107] Since 2006, the US Pond Hockey Championships have been played in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the Canadian National Pond Hockey Championships have been played in Huntsville, Ontario.
Sledge hockey[edit]
Main article: Sledge hockey
Sledge hockey is an adaption of ice hockey designed for players who have a physical disability. Players are seated in sleds and use a specialized hockey stick that also helps the player navigate on the ice. The sport was created in Sweden in the early 1960s and is played under similar rules to ice hockey.
Ringette[edit]
Main article: Ringette
The sport of ringette is not a variant of ice hockey though is it popularly mistaken to be so.
In popular culture[edit]
Main article: Ice hockey in popular culture
Ice hockey is the official winter sport of Canada. Ice hockey, partially because of its popularity as a major professional sport, has been a source of inspiration for numerous films, television episodes and songs in North American popular culture.[108][109]
See also[edit]
Ice hockey portal
Glossary of ice hockey
Ice hockey by country
Minor ice hockey
College ice hockey
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
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^ a b Gidén, Carl; Houda, Patrick; Martel, Jean-Patrice (2014). On the Origin of Hockey.
^ {{See The history of Gaelic Football.}}
^ Guinness World Records 2015. Guinness World Records. 2014. p. 218. ISBN 9781908843821.
^ Rymer, Thomas (1740). Foedera, conventiones, literae, et cujuscumque generis acta publica, inter reges Angliae, et alios quosvis imperatores, reges, pontifices ab anno 1101. Book 3, part 2, p. 79.
^ Scott, Sir James Sibbald David (1868). The British Army: Its Origin, Progress, and Equipment. Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Company. p. 86.
^ Strype, John (1720). Survey of London. Book 1, pp. 250–251.
^ Birley, Derek (1993). Sport and the Making of Britain. Manchester University Press. p. 36. ISBN 9780719037597.
^ Joyce, Patrick Weston (1910). English As We Speak It in Ireland.
^ a b "History of Hockey". England Hockey. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
^ Gidén, Carl; Houda, Patrick (2010). "Stick and Ball Game Timeline" (PDF). Society for International Hockey Research. p. 4.
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^ Roch Carrier, "Hockey: Canada's Game", in Vancouver 2010 Official Souvenir Program, pg 42.
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^ a b Vaughan, Garth (1999). "Quotes Prove Ice Hockey's Origin". Birthplace of Hockey. Archived from the original on August 6, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
^ a b Dalhousie University (2000). Thomas Raddall Selected Correspondence: An Electronic Edition Archived August 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. From Thomas Raddall to Douglas M. Fisher, January 25, 1954. MS-2-202 41.14.
^ "Provincial Sport Act: An Act to Declare Ice Hockey to be the Provincial Sport of Nova Scotia". Nova Scotia Legislature. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
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^ Gidén, Carl; Houda, Patrick (2016). "The Birthplace or Origin of Hockey". Society for International Hockey Research. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
^ Gidén, Carl; Houda, Patrick; Martel, Jean-Patrice (2014). On the Origin of Hockey. Hockey Origin Publishing. ISBN 9780993799808.
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^ The trophy for this tournament is on display at the Musee McCord Museum in Montreal. A picture of this trophy can be seen at McCord. "Carnival Cup". McCord Museum.
^ "Sports and Pastimes, hockey, Formation of a Dominion Hockey Association". The Gazette. Montreal, Quebec. December 9, 1889.
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^ US Archive, Spalding Athletic Library 1898 Ice Hockey and Ice Polo. [1] Retrieved Jan 8, 2021
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^ E.g. in the Netherlands, see Janmaat, Arnout (March 7, 2013). "120 jaar bandygeschiedenis in Nederland (1891–2011)" (PDF) (in Dutch). p. 10. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
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^ National Collegiate Athletic Association. "Ice Hockey 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 Rules and Interpretations" (PDF). p. HR–33.
^ National Collegiate Athletic Association. "Ice Hockey 2008–2010 Rules and Interpretations" (PDF). p. HR–53.
^ National Collegiate Athletic Association. "Ice Hockey 2008–2010 Rules and Interpretations" (PDF). p. HR–52.
^ National Collegiate Athletic Association. "Ice Hockey 2008–2010 Rules and Interpretations" (PDF). p. HR–54.
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^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2018. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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^ McKinley, Michael (2014). It's Our Game: Celebrating 100 Years Of Hockey Canada. Toronto, Ontario: Viking. pp. 381–382. ISBN 978-0-670-06817-3.
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^ "Statistics: Teams". championshockeyleague.net. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
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^ National Sports of Canada Act
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^ Including former incarnations of them, such as Czechoslovakia or the Soviet Union.
^ "IIHF World Championships: All Medalists: Men". Iihf.com. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
^ "IIHF World Championships: All Medalists: Women". Iihf.com. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
^ "Olympic Ice Hockey Tournaments: All Medalists:Women". Iihf.com. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
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^ Nicks, Joan (March 1, 2002). Slippery Pastimes: Reading the Popular in Canadian Culture. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 321. ISBN 0-889-20388-1.
Works cited[edit]
Dryden, Ken (2005). The Game: 20th Anniversary Edition. Toronto: Wiley Canada. ISBN 978-0-470-83584-5.
Farrell, Arthur (1899). Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game (PDF). Library and Archives Canada.
Selke, Frank (1962). Behind The Cheering. Toronto, Ontario: McClelland and Stewart Ltd. [ISBN missing]
Vaughan, Garth (1996). The puck starts here : the origin of Canada's great winter game, ice hockey. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions. ISBN 0864922124.
Further reading[edit]
Harari, P. J; Dave Ominsky (1997). Ice hockey made simple: a spectator's guide. First Base Sports In. ISBN 3-8334-4189-5.
McFarlane, Brian (1997). Brian McFarlane's History of Hockey. Champaign, IL: Sports Publishing Inc. ISBN 1-57167-145-5.
McKinley, Michael (2006). Hockey: A People's History. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 0-7710-5769-5.
Müller, Stephan (2005). International Ice Hockey Encyclopaedia: 1904–2005. Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3-8334-4189-9.
Pearsall, David; Ashare, Alan (2003). Safety in Ice Hockey. Philadelphia: Astm International.
Weekes, Don (2005). The Big Book of Hockey Trivia. Greystone Books. ISBN 1-55365-119-7.
External links[edit]
Wikinews has news related to:
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Wikisource has original text related to this article:
National Sports of Canada Act
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ice hockey.
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0.99799 |
Round 147: Dec 1, 2021 - Dec 31, 2021Round 146: Nov 1, 2021 - Nov 30, 2021Round 145: Oct 1, 2021 - Oct 31, 2021Round 144: Sep 1, 2021 - Sep 30, 2021Round 143: Aug 1, 2021 - Aug 31, 2021Round 142: Jul 1, 2021 - Jul 31, 2021Round 141: Jun 1, 2021 - Jun 30, 2021Round 140: May 1, 2021 - May 31, 2021Round 139: Apr 1, 2021 - Apr 30, 2021Round 138: Mar 1, 2021 - Mar 31, 2021Round 137: Feb 1, 2021 - Feb 28, 2021Round 136: Jan 1, 2021 - Jan 31, 2021Round 135: Dec 1, 2020 - Dec 31, 2020Round 134: Nov 1, 2020 - Nov 30, 2020Round 133: Oct 1, 2020 - Oct 31, 2020Round 132: Sep 1, 2020 - Sep 30, 2020Round 131: Aug 1, 2020 - Aug 31, 2020Round 130: Jul 1, 2020 - Jul 31, 2020Round 129: Jun 1, 2020 - Jun 30, 2020Round 128: May 1, 2020 - May 31, 2020Round 127: Apr 1, 2020 - Apr 30, 2020Round 126: Mar 1, 2020 - Mar 31, 2020Round 125: Feb 1, 2020 - Feb 29, 2020Round 124: Jan 1, 2020 - Jan 31, 2020Round 123: Dec 1, 2019 - Dec 31, 2019Round 122: Nov 1, 2019 - Nov 30, 2019Round 121: Oct 1, 2019 - Oct 31, 2019Round 120: Sep 1, 2019 - Sep 30, 2019Round 119: Aug 1, 2019 - Aug 31, 2019Round 118: Jul 1, 2019 - Jul 31, 2019Round 117: Jun 1, 2019 - Jun 30, 2019Round 116: May 1, 2019 - May 31, 2019Round 115: Apr 1, 2019 - Apr 30, 2019Round 114: Mar 1, 2019 - Mar 31, 2019Round 113: Feb 1, 2019 - Feb 28, 2019Round 112: Jan 1, 2019 - Jan 31, 2019
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Round Record:
5-1-0 (.833)
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5-1-0 (.833)
Longest Winning Streak:
5»
Streak Breaker:
No: No D/ST TD in 2nd Half (Dec 4, 2021)
Longest Losing Streak:
1»
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(Streak in progress)
Streak Length
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Winning Streaks 0 0 1 0 0 0
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NCF No: No D/ST TD in 2nd Half LOSS
Fri Dec 3, 7:10 PM
NBA Miami Heat Win 5
Fri Dec 3, 2:30 PM
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NHL @ Florida Panthers Win 3
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Soccer 2 0 0 2-0-0 1.000
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0.973177 |
Текст песни: Yesterday, all my troubles seemed so far away Now it looks as though theyre here to stay Oh, I believe in yesterday Suddenly, Im not half to man I used to Faithfull is the debut studio album by English singer Marianne Faithfull. It was released simultaneously with her album Come My Way on 15 April 1965 by Decca Records. The double release was a result of different creative directions. While the record label pressed Faithfull to record a pop album, she wanted to record an album of folk songs. Even after the label suggested an album containing both genres, Faithfull decided to make two separate albums instead Marianne Faithful as the pop album. Robinson - Simon & Garfunkel - . Marianne Faithfull. Released: Jan 1987. Label: ABKCO Music and Records, Inc. This chronicles the 1960s, when Miss Marianne was the iconic belle at the British Invasion ball. As Tears Go By is Faithfull's only big U. hit, but this remains a dazzling mix of English folk, American pop and Continental cool Something Better stands out. Some Other Spring and the epic Sister Morphine point the way to her future as a cabaret singer for indie rockers. Band Name Marianne Faithfull. Album Name Yesterday. Type EP. Released date October 1965. Labels Decca. Music StyleFolk Rock. Members owning this album0. Oh Look Around You. Buy this album. buy 193,03 11,49 buy buy buy. Learn more. Other productions from Marianne Faithfull. Give My Love to London. Horses and High Heels. Yesterday is a track by Marianne Faithfull from the album The World Of Marianne Faithfull released in 1969. Yesterday by Marianne Faithfull Year: 1969 From the album The World Of Marianne Faithfull track 8. Average Rating: 77100 from 1 vote. Yesterday appears on the following albums by Marianne Faithfull . Marianne Faithfull - Yesterday. On this page you can download song Marianne Faithfull - Yesterday in mp3 and listen online. Love In A Mist. This song is by Marianne Faithfull and appearsYesterday. This song is by Marianne Faithfull and appears This song is a cover of Yesterday by The Beatles. YesterdayAll my troubles seemed so far away,Now it looks as though they're here to stay,Oh, I believe in yesterday. SuddenlyI'm not half the one I used to be,There's a shadow hanging over me,Oh, yesterday came suddenly. Why he had to go,I don't know, he wouldn't say. I said something wrongNow I long for yesterday. Negative Capability. Marianne Faithfull 2018. No Exit. Marianne Faithfull 2016. Give My Love To London. Marianne Faithfull 2014. Horses And High Heels. Marianne Faithfull 2012. Easy Come, Easy Go. Marianne Faithfull 2008. Live At The BBC. Live In Hollywood. Marianne Faithfull 2005. Before The Poison. Marianne Faithfull 2004. Kissin Time. Marianne Faithfull 2002. Sex With Strangers. Vagabond Ways. Marianne Faithfull 1999. A Pe. Wiki Lyrics Marianne Faithfull. Broken English Baron von Luxxury Slow Touch 120 Remix. Hang on to a dream
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0.999897 |
This car was photographed in the driveway of the Ransom Cable house, which is a Chicago landmark building, on Erie and Wabash.
What is this car's brand name? I don't remember. Hint: it is VERY unique, so forget Studebaker, etc.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/k9jdk/5871080825/in/set-72157626923342115
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AD:
Re: Name this unique "Chicago" car
Posted by: PKDickman (---.lightspeed.cicril.sbcglobal.net)
Date: September 01, 2012 07:38PM
it's a Kaiser Darrin.
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AD:
Re: Name this unique "Chicago" car
Posted by: b.a.hoarder (---.hsd1.il.comcast.net)
Date: September 01, 2012 07:48PM
Dave, that is a Kaiser Darrin. Henry Kaiser made one of his fortunes during WWII building ships for troop and supply transport, and he built them faster than anyone thought possible. Then there was Kaiser Steel, Kaiser Aluminum, etc. He also saw the pent-up demand for new automobiles so in 1948 he introduced a line of cars called Kaiser-Frazier, big sedans first, then later on ('52??) he came out with his namesake, the Henry J. Compact, spartan, and underpowered it was never a big seller.
The Kaiser-Darrin got it's name because it was styled by Dutch Darrin a noted industrial designer. In addition to being low for that era (1954) it had doors than slid back, rather than being mounted on hinges. Think of a pocket door, or a slider on a closet.
Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 09/01/2012 08:23PM by b.a.hoarder.
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Re: Name this unique "Chicago" car
Posted by: WayOutWardell (---.dsl.chcgil.sbcglobal.net)
Date: September 01, 2012 08:15PM
In a scene from one of the early episodes of the show 'Crime Story', there's a Darrin parked in the driveway of the house of one of the Outfit bosses.
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Re: Name this unique "Chicago" car
Posted by: daveg (---.lightspeed.joltil.sbcglobal.net)
Date: September 01, 2012 10:00PM
Many thanks for the replies. When I wandered past this car last year, I saw a guy working on the grounds of the building and asked him about it. He mentioned a name, which I don't think was Darrin and I said thanks.
I don't ever recall seeing one of these before that day.
Thanks again.
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0.951131 |
There are two major sources of origin and lines of development for Mennonite culture including architectural patterns -- the Mennonites of Swiss background who migrated either directly from [[Switzerland|Switzerland]] to [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] or indirectly by way of Germany, during the early 18th century, and accepted the Pennsylvania-German architectural patterns, and the Prusso-German Mennonites of Dutch background who settled in the Vistula River Delta near [[Danzig (Poland)|Danzig]] and migrated to [[Russia|Russia]] at the end of the 18th century, whence some came to America in the second half of the 19th century.
There are two major sources of origin and lines of development for Mennonite culture including architectural patterns -- the Mennonites of Swiss background who migrated either directly from [[Switzerland|Switzerland]] to [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] or indirectly by way of Germany, during the early 18th century, and accepted the Pennsylvania-German architectural patterns, and the Prusso-German Mennonites of Dutch background who settled in the Vistula River Delta near [[Danzig (Poland)|Danzig]] and migrated to [[Russia|Russia]] at the end of the 18th century, whence some came to America in the second half of the 19th century.
−
=== Switzerland ===
+
=== Swiss Mennonite Architectural Practices ===
The Swiss Mennonites, when leaving home and settling in South [[Germany|Germany]], [[Alsace (France)| Alsace]]-[[Lorraine (France)|Lorraine]], [[Volhynia (Ukraine)|Volhynia]], [[Galicia (Poland & Ukraine)|Galicia]], and America, adhered to their culture and traditions in their respective environments for a long time. In countries like South Germany, Alsace-Lorraine, and the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] a gradual adjustment took place, while in countries with a definitely contrasting culture adjustment was much slower. This was the case in Volhynia, [[Galicia (Poland & Ukraine)|Galicia]], and [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]]. And yet the meetinghouses or churches of the Mennonites in South Germany and Alsace-Lorraine even in the 1950s indicated a direct expression of their straightforward Christian belief and practices.
The Swiss Mennonites, when leaving home and settling in South [[Germany|Germany]], [[Alsace (France)| Alsace]]-[[Lorraine (France)|Lorraine]], [[Volhynia (Ukraine)|Volhynia]], [[Galicia (Poland & Ukraine)|Galicia]], and America, adhered to their culture and traditions in their respective environments for a long time. In countries like South Germany, Alsace-Lorraine, and the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] a gradual adjustment took place, while in countries with a definitely contrasting culture adjustment was much slower. This was the case in Volhynia, [[Galicia (Poland & Ukraine)|Galicia]], and [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]]. And yet the meetinghouses or churches of the Mennonites in South Germany and Alsace-Lorraine even in the 1950s indicated a direct expression of their straightforward Christian belief and practices.
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It is of interest to note that in Switzerland, for instance at [[Langnau im Emmental (Kanton Bern, Switzerland)|Langnau]] and Sonnenberg (Jeangisboden) and quite generally, the meetinghouse is built to look much like a dwelling house, actually inhabited by a family in the first story, with the church room or rooms in the second story. In some places a schoolroom displaces the family quarters on the first floor, as at [[Moron (Kanton Bern, Switzerland)|Moron]].
It is of interest to note that in Switzerland, for instance at [[Langnau im Emmental (Kanton Bern, Switzerland)|Langnau]] and Sonnenberg (Jeangisboden) and quite generally, the meetinghouse is built to look much like a dwelling house, actually inhabited by a family in the first story, with the church room or rooms in the second story. In some places a schoolroom displaces the family quarters on the first floor, as at [[Moron (Kanton Bern, Switzerland)|Moron]].
−
The Swiss and South German Mennonites and Amish who settled in [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] during the 18th century became an integral part of the developing Pennsylvania-German culture and made their own significant contribution to it. This culture is by background a composite of various South German cultural strains which were transplanted to Eastern Pennsylvania by representatives of the Lutherans, Reformed, Mennonites, Moravians, and some mystic and pietistic groups. Here in the new American environment under pioneer conditions the Pennsylvania-German culture emerged. The architectural patterns which the Pennsylvania-German Mennonites followed are for the most part an integral part of this culture. A visitor to the Pennsylvania-German country is most impressed by the unique [[Barns|barns]] which he finds not only in [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]], but wherever these people have moved during the past century in locations like [[Ohio (State)|Ohio]], [[Indiana (USA)|Indiana]], [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], and [[Ontario (Canada)|Ontario]]. The barns including the motifs and decorative designs are also of South German background. J. J. Stoudt writes that the designs once had religious meaning, but Alfred L. Shoemaker's <em>Hex, No!</em> shows that they no longer have religious significance. According to Shoemaker the painting of barns in Pennsylvania was introduced around 1830. The "plain people" including the Amish and the Mennonites accepted this innovation but were reluctant to make use of symbols and decorative designs on their barns although they used them freely in penmanship and embroidery. In matters pertaining to dwelling places and other structures in the barnyard the Amish and Mennonites have more or less followed the prevailing practices of their respective communities.
+
The Swiss and South German Mennonites and Amish who settled in [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] during the 18th century became an integral part of the developing Pennsylvania-German culture and made their own significant contribution to it. This culture is by background a composite of various South German cultural strains which were transplanted to Eastern Pennsylvania by representatives of the Lutherans, Reformed, Mennonites, Moravians, and some mystic and pietistic groups. Here in the new American environment under pioneer conditions the Pennsylvania-German culture emerged. The architectural patterns which the Pennsylvania-German Mennonites followed are for the most part an integral part of this culture. A visitor to the Pennsylvania-German country is most impressed by the unique [[Barns|barns]] which he finds not only in [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]], but wherever these people have moved during the past century in locations like [[Ohio (USA)|Ohio]], [[Indiana (USA)|Indiana]], [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], and [[Ontario (Canada)|Ontario]]. The barns including the motifs and decorative designs are also of South German background. J. J. Stoudt writes that the designs once had religious meaning, but Alfred L. Shoemaker's <em>Hex, No!</em> shows that they no longer have religious significance. According to Shoemaker the painting of barns in Pennsylvania was introduced around 1830. The "plain people" including the Amish and the Mennonites accepted this innovation but were reluctant to make use of symbols and decorative designs on their barns although they used them freely in penmanship and embroidery. In matters pertaining to dwelling places and other structures in the barnyard the Amish and Mennonites have more or less followed the prevailing practices of their respective communities.
[[File:Detweiler%20Meetinghouse%20(Restored).jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Restored Pennsylvania-German Meetinghouse near Roseville, Ontario, Sept. 1999.'']]
[[File:Detweiler%20Meetinghouse%20(Restored).jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Restored Pennsylvania-German Meetinghouse near Roseville, Ontario, Sept. 1999.'']]
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In their church, architecture, however, the Mennonites in Pennsylvania did not follow the prevailing practices of the "church people" neighbors, but went their own distinctive way. Their meetinghouse has an interesting history. During the 16th to 18th centuries when the Mennonites of Switzerland were outlawed and could not build churches or special buildings for worship purposes the worship had of necessity to be either in private homes or in the forests and deep mountain glens. No meetinghouses were built in [[Switzerland|Switzerland]] or neighboring [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] and [[France|France]] before the second half of the 19th century. The Amish, being a conservative branch of the Mennonites, maintained the practice even in countries where there was no restriction along these lines. The Mennonites of colonial Pennsylvania (1683-1789), however, during pioneer days built log or stone buildings to serve as schools during the week and as churches on Sunday. Gradually separate buildings for each purpose were erected; usually close together, with a whitewashed stone type soon becoming predominant, later replaced by a brick structure. Originally the church building was very plain and similar to the school. As the congregations grew in size the buildings grew in length. The original meetinghouse usually had one entrance at the end or side; later, two -- one for men and one for women. A small porch at the entrance was in many cases extended across one entire side and end of the meetinghouse. Originally no paint was applied to the interior woodwork and furniture of the building. Men sat on one side and the women on the other on benches without backs. Hats and bonnets were hung on racks suspended from the ceiling over the benches. The ministers sat around a table at the wall opposite the entrance. Gradually a long pulpit was introduced, from which the sermon was delivered, backed by a long bench on which all the ministers sat during the service. Today the pulpits are largely modernized although the long bench is still commonly in use. In the Eastern Pennsylvania meetinghouses of the more conservative groups, no provision is made for pianos or organs, symbolism or art work, steeples and bells, stained glass windows, etc., even today. In the cemeteries near the meetinghouses small simple headstones bearing the names of the departed are found. Stoves were early placed into meetinghouses but lights only more recently with the advent of evening meetings. With the coming of Sunday schools and other activities of the congregations a basement was added.
In their church, architecture, however, the Mennonites in Pennsylvania did not follow the prevailing practices of the "church people" neighbors, but went their own distinctive way. Their meetinghouse has an interesting history. During the 16th to 18th centuries when the Mennonites of Switzerland were outlawed and could not build churches or special buildings for worship purposes the worship had of necessity to be either in private homes or in the forests and deep mountain glens. No meetinghouses were built in [[Switzerland|Switzerland]] or neighboring [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] and [[France|France]] before the second half of the 19th century. The Amish, being a conservative branch of the Mennonites, maintained the practice even in countries where there was no restriction along these lines. The Mennonites of colonial Pennsylvania (1683-1789), however, during pioneer days built log or stone buildings to serve as schools during the week and as churches on Sunday. Gradually separate buildings for each purpose were erected; usually close together, with a whitewashed stone type soon becoming predominant, later replaced by a brick structure. Originally the church building was very plain and similar to the school. As the congregations grew in size the buildings grew in length. The original meetinghouse usually had one entrance at the end or side; later, two -- one for men and one for women. A small porch at the entrance was in many cases extended across one entire side and end of the meetinghouse. Originally no paint was applied to the interior woodwork and furniture of the building. Men sat on one side and the women on the other on benches without backs. Hats and bonnets were hung on racks suspended from the ceiling over the benches. The ministers sat around a table at the wall opposite the entrance. Gradually a long pulpit was introduced, from which the sermon was delivered, backed by a long bench on which all the ministers sat during the service. Today the pulpits are largely modernized although the long bench is still commonly in use. In the Eastern Pennsylvania meetinghouses of the more conservative groups, no provision is made for pianos or organs, symbolism or art work, steeples and bells, stained glass windows, etc., even today. In the cemeteries near the meetinghouses small simple headstones bearing the names of the departed are found. Stoves were early placed into meetinghouses but lights only more recently with the advent of evening meetings. With the coming of Sunday schools and other activities of the congregations a basement was added.
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[[File:John%20Ruth%20at%20Detweiler.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''John Ruth behind long pulpit at dedication of restored Detweiler meetinghouse, Roseville, Ontario in Sept. 1999.'']]
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[[File:John%20Ruth%20at%20Detweiler.jpg|300px|thumb|left|''John Ruth behind long pulpit at dedication of restored Detweiler meetinghouse, Roseville, Ontario in Sept. 1999.'']]
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The origin and development of the Pennsylvania German Mennonite meetinghouse is most closely related to that of the other plain people such as the [[Society of Friends|Friends]], and is most likely patterned directly after the Quaker meetinghouse which was brought from [[England|England]]. This meetinghouse type has spread to [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]], [[Ontario (Canada)|Ontario]], [[Ohio (State)|Ohio]], and the western states where the architectural patterns underwent some modifications, especially in the Middle West. Smaller groups again under pioneer conditions and joined frequently by newcomers from Europe did not always maintain the structural design of the meetinghouse in its original form. Sometimes it was abandoned altogether and replaced by prevailing styles in the respective communities. Thus there was less uniformity along these lines among the Mennonites of Pennsylvania-German background in the Middle West and prairie states than was the case in Pennsylvania, [[Ontario (Canada)|Ontario]], and [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]]. Under the impact of prevailing American architectural styles the more acculturated groups of Pennsylvania are less uniform in traditional meetinghouse structure than they formerly were. Some congregations have broken away completely and others are attempting to retain the good qualities and features in their adjustment to the needs and functions of a Mennonite congregation in our day.
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The origin and development of the Pennsylvania German Mennonite meetinghouse is most closely related to that of the other plain people such as the [[Society of Friends|Friends]], and is most likely patterned directly after the Quaker meetinghouse which was brought from [[England|England]]. This meetinghouse type has spread to [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]], [[Ontario (Canada)|Ontario]], [[Ohio (USA)|Ohio]], and the western states where the architectural patterns underwent some modifications, especially in the Middle West. Smaller groups again under pioneer conditions and joined frequently by newcomers from Europe did not always maintain the structural design of the meetinghouse in its original form. Sometimes it was abandoned altogether and replaced by prevailing styles in the respective communities. Thus there was less uniformity along these lines among the Mennonites of Pennsylvania-German background in the Middle West and prairie states than was the case in Pennsylvania, [[Ontario (Canada)|Ontario]], and [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]]. Under the impact of prevailing American architectural styles the more acculturated groups of Pennsylvania are less uniform in traditional meetinghouse structure than they formerly were. Some congregations have broken away completely and others are attempting to retain the good qualities and features in their adjustment to the needs and functions of a Mennonite congregation in our day.
It is possible though not likely that the early Mennonite meetinghouse of [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] was also influenced by practices common among the Mennonites of the [[p3594.html|Palatinate]] in South Germany. Until 1750 the Mennonites in the Palatinate had not yet been able to erect special houses for worship, and after this almost no emigrants crossed the Atlantic until after 1815. The first church buildings in the Palatinate were plain one-story structures with rectangular windows that gave little impression of being "churches." Some changes in both the exterior and interior took place during the 19th century. Organs were introduced and sometimes provisions for [[Choirs|choirs]] were made. These changes usually came about in connection with a trained ministry which was gradually introduced from the beginning of the 19th century.
It is possible though not likely that the early Mennonite meetinghouse of [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] was also influenced by practices common among the Mennonites of the [[p3594.html|Palatinate]] in South Germany. Until 1750 the Mennonites in the Palatinate had not yet been able to erect special houses for worship, and after this almost no emigrants crossed the Atlantic until after 1815. The first church buildings in the Palatinate were plain one-story structures with rectangular windows that gave little impression of being "churches." Some changes in both the exterior and interior took place during the 19th century. Organs were introduced and sometimes provisions for [[Choirs|choirs]] were made. These changes usually came about in connection with a trained ministry which was gradually introduced from the beginning of the 19th century.
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=== Dutch-Prussian-Russian Architectural Practices ===
Before presenting the Prusso-Russo-German architectural practices, it is necessary to summarize their background. Mennonite families coming from the various provinces to the Low Countries during the 16th and 17th centuries and settling along the Vistula River merged into a religio-cultural unit that retained its characteristics even after adjustment to the new environment, which practices were also continued on the steppes of [[Russia|Russia]], the prairies of [[North America|North America]], the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]] of [[Paraguay|Paraguay]], and the hills of [[Mexico|Mexico]], whither migrating groups later came. This perpetuated culture was, however, neither purely Dutch nor German but a composite of the two, based on religious principles adhered to for centuries. The peculiar architectural patterns and practices must be viewed against this background.
Before presenting the Prusso-Russo-German architectural practices, it is necessary to summarize their background. Mennonite families coming from the various provinces to the Low Countries during the 16th and 17th centuries and settling along the Vistula River merged into a religio-cultural unit that retained its characteristics even after adjustment to the new environment, which practices were also continued on the steppes of [[Russia|Russia]], the prairies of [[North America|North America]], the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]] of [[Paraguay|Paraguay]], and the hills of [[Mexico|Mexico]], whither migrating groups later came. This perpetuated culture was, however, neither purely Dutch nor German but a composite of the two, based on religious principles adhered to for centuries. The peculiar architectural patterns and practices must be viewed against this background.
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=== Netherlands ===
[[File:ME1-5-2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''"Houselike" church at Zijldijk.<br />
[[File:ME1-5-2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''"Houselike" church at Zijldijk.<br />
Mennonite Encyclopedia photo'']]
Mennonite Encyclopedia photo'']]
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In the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] the Mennonite influence on architecture has been limited to church buildings, since the residences of Mennonites, both in the country and in towns, show no difference from other Dutch houses. But Mennonite meetinghouses in Holland, at least until about 1840, are quite different from other Protestant church buildings. From the origin of Anabaptism until the end of persecution, i.e., from 1530 to about 1570, [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] and Mennonites did not meet in special meetinghouses, but worshiped where they could gather best, in the open air, in the attic of a warehouse, in a cellar, in a granary, or in other hidden places. About 1570, and in the country somewhat earlier, Mennonites began to assemble in the house of one of the members of the congregation. After persecution had ended, they usually rented a room for worshiping. About 1600 most congregations began to rent or to buy a warehouse or a barn, which was adapted for the meetings only by making small transformations. In the second half of the 17th century nearly every congregation had a meetinghouse of its own. The [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]] congregation at [[Amsterdam (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Amsterdam]] secured its meetinghouse [[Lamist Mennonite Church (Amsterdam, Netherlands)|<em>bij't Lam</em>]] (now [[Singel Mennonite Church (Amsterdam, Holland)|Singelkerk]]) as early as 1608. About the same time the congregations of [[Rotterdam (Zuid-Holland, Netherlands)|Rotterdam]], [[Haarlem (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Haarlem]], [[Leeuwarden (Friesland, Netherlands)|Leeuwarden]], and [[Leiden (Zuid-Holland, Netherlands)|Leiden]] secured their meetinghouses. Before 1795 Mennonites of Holland, like other dissenters, were allowed to worship only in such meetinghouses as had no towers nor bells, so that no one would be "misled" into attending their services, nor were they allowed to be built on street fronts; hence all the Mennonite churches of this period in the towns of Holland are hidden churches (<em>schuilkerken</em>). Good examples of those old hidden churches are today the Mennonite churches of Amsterdam (<em>Singelkerk</em>), Haarlem, and [[Grouw (Friesland, Netherlands)|Grouw]], [[Friesland (Netherlands)|Friesland]]. In the country too the meetinghouses were not allowed to look like churches; mostly they looked like ordinary houses or [[Barns|barns]]. Especially in the Zaan region of [[North Holland (Netherlands)|North Holland]] near [[Amsterdam (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Amsterdam]] many of these barnlike meetinghouses were erected, of which some still existed in the 1950s, e.g., Zaandam-West (built in 1684), [[Krommenie (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Krommenie]] (1700), Westzaan-Zuid (1731). Typical house-like churches of this period were the meetinghouses of [[Stroe, het (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Stroe]], on the island Wieringen, which burned down in 1933, the church of [[Nes Mennonite Church (Ameland, Netherlands)|Nes]] on the island of [[Ameland (Friesland, Netherlands)|Ameland]], those of [[Zijldijk (Groningen, Netherlands)|Zijldijk]] in [[Groningen (Netherlands)|Groningen]], and the little [[Menno Simons (1496-1561)|Menno Simons]] church at [[Pingjum (Friesland, Netherlands)|Pingjum]], Friesland, restored in 1950. Even a large and important congregation like [[Harlingen (Friesland, Netherlands)|Harlingen]] assembled during the 17th and 18th centuries in a barn-like structure called <em>De Blauwe Schuur</em> (the blue barn). In the early 17th century all the churches were very simple and unpainted, and the furniture was also plain. There were no chairs or pews, only benches without backs; no pulpit, but on one side a kind of platform on which the ministers and deacons sat on a bench (later on chairs). There was no heating and the building had only a few small windows, mostly placed rather high in the walls. Sometimes one corner of the meeting place was enclosed as a room for the preachers and deacons to meet in before the service began. This kind of meetinghouse, of which the ground plan was a square, or a rectangle, the square ground form being the oldest, continued to be the normal type for the more conservative Mennonites, such as the Groninger Old Flemish [[Janjacobsgezinden|Jan-Jacobsz group]], until their congregations were dissolved in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Both [[Lamists|Lamists]] and [[Zonists|Zonists]] permitted more convenience and even some luxury. Their meetinghouses had chairs (for the women) instead of only benches, and a pulpit like that of the Reformed churches. Of this group the former church of Rotterdam (burned down 1940) with its oak boarding and its beautifully carved pulpit was a fine example. The exterior of all those churches was very plain, and stained glass windows, with two or three exceptions, were not permitted. The old country church of [[Irnsum (Friesland, Netherlands)|Irnsum]], Friesland, however, had a small painted window by 1684, and [[Witveen (Friesland, Netherlands)|Witveen]] in 1712 (<em>DB</em> 1872, 34-35). After 1796, when Mennonites obtained full civil rights, no further restrictions were imposed in the building of Mennonite churches. Henceforth the church buildings could be erected on street fronts, and they could have towers, if so desired. Yet towers on Mennonite churches are very rare; some have a little spire or elevation on the facade, like [[Enschede (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Enschede]], [[Ytens (Friesland, Netherlands)|IJtens]], [[Joure (Friesland, Netherlands)|Joure]], [[Veenwouden (Friesland, Netherlands)|Veenwouden]], and [[Oudebildtzijl (Friesland, Netherlands)|Oudebildtzijl]], the latter having a bell. Only the church of [[Wageningen (Gelderland, Netherlands)|Wageningen]] (built 1951) had a real tower in the 1950s. About the middle of the 19th century most of the Dutch Mennonite churches were remodeled and many were built new. With a few exceptions they are of no importance in an artistic sense. They are mostly very plain, yet following the artistic ideas of this period by adapting Renaissance porches and Gothic ogival windows. Of higher artistic merit are some churches built in the after 1920. Mennonite churches in Holland usually have a balcony, which is also the location of the choir during the service, if there is a choir. They also have rooms for the meetings of the church board, catechetical classes, etc. All Dutch churches now have organs, introduced generally at the end of the 18th century, the first installed in [[Utrecht (Utrecht, Netherlands)|Utrecht]] in 1765. Some churches also have beautiful stained glass windows, such as for instance [[Hilversum (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Hilversum]] and Heerlen. Basements are unknown in Holland. vdZ.
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In the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] the Mennonite influence on architecture has been limited to church buildings, since the residences of Mennonites, both in the country and in towns, show no difference from other Dutch houses. But Mennonite meetinghouses in Holland, at least until about 1840, are quite different from other Protestant church buildings. From the origin of Anabaptism until the end of persecution, i.e., from 1530 to about 1570, [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] and Mennonites did not meet in special meetinghouses, but worshiped where they could gather best, in the open air, in the attic of a warehouse, in a cellar, in a granary, or in other hidden places. About 1570, and in the country somewhat earlier, Mennonites began to assemble in the house of one of the members of the congregation. After persecution had ended, they usually rented a room for worshiping. About 1600 most congregations began to rent or to buy a warehouse or a barn, which was adapted for the meetings only by making small transformations. In the second half of the 17th century nearly every congregation had a meetinghouse of its own. The [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]] congregation at [[Amsterdam (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Amsterdam]] secured its meetinghouse [[Lamist Mennonite Church (Amsterdam, Netherlands)|<em>bij't Lam</em>]] (now [[Singel Mennonite Church (Amsterdam, Holland)|Singelkerk]]) as early as 1608. About the same time the congregations of [[Rotterdam (Zuid-Holland, Netherlands)|Rotterdam]], [[Haarlem (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Haarlem]], [[Leeuwarden (Friesland, Netherlands)|Leeuwarden]], and [[Leiden (Zuid-Holland, Netherlands)|Leiden]] secured their meetinghouses. Before 1795 Mennonites of Holland, like other dissenters, were allowed to worship only in such meetinghouses as had no towers nor bells, so that no one would be "misled" into attending their services, nor were they allowed to be built on street fronts; hence all the Mennonite churches of this period in the towns of Holland are hidden churches (<em>schuilkerken</em>). Good examples of those old hidden churches are today the Mennonite churches of Amsterdam (<em>Singelkerk</em>), Haarlem, and [[Grouw (Friesland, Netherlands)|Grouw]], [[Friesland (Netherlands)|Friesland]]. In the country too the meetinghouses were not allowed to look like churches; mostly they looked like ordinary houses or [[Barns|barns]]. Especially in the Zaan region of [[North Holland (Netherlands)|North Holland]] near [[Amsterdam (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Amsterdam]] many of these barnlike meetinghouses were erected, of which some still existed in the 1950s, e.g., Zaandam-West (built in 1684), [[Krommenie (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Krommenie]] (1700), Westzaan-Zuid (1731). Typical house-like churches of this period were the meetinghouses of [[Stroe, het (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Stroe]], on the island Wieringen, which burned down in 1933, the church of [[Nes Mennonite Church (Ameland, Netherlands)|Nes]] on the island of [[Ameland (Friesland, Netherlands)|Ameland]], those of [[Zijldijk (Groningen, Netherlands)|Zijldijk]] in [[Groningen (Netherlands)|Groningen]], and the little [[Menno Simons (1496-1561)|Menno Simons]] church at [[Pingjum (Friesland, Netherlands)|Pingjum]], Friesland, restored in 1950. Even a large and important congregation like [[Harlingen (Friesland, Netherlands)|Harlingen]] assembled during the 17th and 18th centuries in a barn-like structure called <em>De Blauwe Schuur</em> (the blue barn). In the early 17th century all the churches were very simple and unpainted, and the furniture was also plain. There were no chairs or pews, only benches without backs; no pulpit, but on one side a kind of platform on which the ministers and deacons sat on a bench (later on chairs). There was no heating and the building had only a few small windows, mostly placed rather high in the walls. Sometimes one corner of the meeting place was enclosed as a room for the preachers and deacons to meet in before the service began. This kind of meetinghouse, of which the ground plan was a square, or a rectangle, the square ground form being the oldest, continued to be the normal type for the more conservative Mennonites, such as the Groninger Old Flemish [[Janjacobsgezinden|Jan-Jacobsz group]], until their congregations were dissolved in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Both [[Lamists|Lamists]] and [[Zonists|Zonists]] permitted more convenience and even some luxury. Their meetinghouses had chairs (for the women) instead of only benches, and a pulpit like that of the Reformed churches. Of this group the former church of Rotterdam (burned down 1940) with its oak boarding and its beautifully carved pulpit was a fine example. The exterior of all those churches was very plain, and stained glass windows, with two or three exceptions, were not permitted. The old country church of [[Irnsum (Friesland, Netherlands)|Irnsum]], Friesland, however, had a small painted window by 1684, and [[Witveen (Friesland, Netherlands)|Witveen]] in 1712 (<em>DB</em> 1872, 34-35). After 1796, when Mennonites obtained full civil rights, no further restrictions were imposed in the building of Mennonite churches. Henceforth the church buildings could be erected on street fronts, and they could have towers, if so desired. Yet towers on Mennonite churches are very rare; some have a little spire or elevation on the facade, like [[Enschede (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Enschede]], [[Ytens (Friesland, Netherlands)|IJtens]], [[Joure (Friesland, Netherlands)|Joure]], [[Veenwouden (Friesland, Netherlands)|Veenwouden]], and [[Oudebildtzijl (Friesland, Netherlands)|Oudebildtzijl]], the latter having a bell. Only the church of [[Wageningen (Gelderland, Netherlands)|Wageningen]] (built 1951) had a real tower in the 1950s. About the middle of the 19th century most of the Dutch Mennonite churches were remodeled and many were built new. With a few exceptions they are of no importance in an artistic sense. They are mostly very plain, yet following the artistic ideas of this period by adapting Renaissance porches and Gothic ogival windows. Of higher artistic merit are some churches built in the after 1920. Mennonite churches in Holland usually have a balcony, which is also the location of the choir during the service, if there is a choir. They also have rooms for the meetings of the church board, catechetical classes, etc. All Dutch churches now have organs, introduced generally at the end of the 18th century, the first installed in [[Utrecht (Utrecht, Netherlands)|Utrecht]] in 1765. Some churches also have beautiful stained glass windows, such as for instance [[Hilversum (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Hilversum]] and Heerlen. Basements are unknown in Holland. -- ''Nanne van der Zijpp''
The settlement and building practices of the native Population in the Vistula Delta differed considerably from those introduced by the Dutch Mennonites who established themselves there. Before the arrival of the Dutch Mennonites it was the custom of the natives to settle in compact villages and to build dwelling places, [[Barns|barns]], and sheds as separate units. The Mennonites usually located along a river, each on his own land with dwelling place, barn, and shed under one roof, built at right angles with the street. In this long structure the dwelling place was nearest the street; immediately behind it was the barn and finally the shed. More prosperous farmers occasionally attached the shed to the barn in a triangular fashion. At times another section was added to the shed making the total building assume the shape of a cross (<em>Kreuzhof</em>). During the last decades this architectural pattern underwent considerable modification, especially on the larger estates, although the traditional structures could still be found.
The settlement and building practices of the native Population in the Vistula Delta differed considerably from those introduced by the Dutch Mennonites who established themselves there. Before the arrival of the Dutch Mennonites it was the custom of the natives to settle in compact villages and to build dwelling places, [[Barns|barns]], and sheds as separate units. The Mennonites usually located along a river, each on his own land with dwelling place, barn, and shed under one roof, built at right angles with the street. In this long structure the dwelling place was nearest the street; immediately behind it was the barn and finally the shed. More prosperous farmers occasionally attached the shed to the barn in a triangular fashion. At times another section was added to the shed making the total building assume the shape of a cross (<em>Kreuzhof</em>). During the last decades this architectural pattern underwent considerable modification, especially on the larger estates, although the traditional structures could still be found.
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There are two noticeable extremes among the Mennonites of America regarding church buildings. The ultraconservative groups -- the Amish, Hutterites, and others -- have developed a principle that no special building is to be provided for worship purposes only. They meet in private homes or school buildings. What was originally a necessity has become a basic principle of their faith. The other extreme is that of those Mennonite congregations who, unaware of their principles, accept almost any architectural patterns found in their respective communities. This has produced some very odd mixtures and contradictions like the towers found on many Mennonite churches of the prairies, which are remnants of fortresses of the Middle Ages. When and how did these towers become the adornment of Mennonite churches and what connection is there between them and a church in which the Gospel of redemption and a nonresistant way of life is proclaimed?
There are two noticeable extremes among the Mennonites of America regarding church buildings. The ultraconservative groups -- the Amish, Hutterites, and others -- have developed a principle that no special building is to be provided for worship purposes only. They meet in private homes or school buildings. What was originally a necessity has become a basic principle of their faith. The other extreme is that of those Mennonite congregations who, unaware of their principles, accept almost any architectural patterns found in their respective communities. This has produced some very odd mixtures and contradictions like the towers found on many Mennonite churches of the prairies, which are remnants of fortresses of the Middle Ages. When and how did these towers become the adornment of Mennonite churches and what connection is there between them and a church in which the Gospel of redemption and a nonresistant way of life is proclaimed?
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In conclusion it must be said that Mennonites have not developed more of a specific church architecture than have Methodists, [[Baptists |Baptists]], or some of the other denominations, and yet there have been certain characteristics peculiar to them. Mennonites of Holland, Prussia, [[Russia|Russia]], and the eastern United States have at times developed certain characteristics which express simplicity, honesty, and integration of their basic principles. -- CK
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In conclusion it must be said that Mennonites have not developed more of a specific church architecture than have Methodists, [[Baptists |Baptists]], or some of the other denominations, and yet there have been certain characteristics peculiar to them. Mennonites of Holland, Prussia, [[Russia|Russia]], and the eastern United States have at times developed certain characteristics which express simplicity, honesty, and integration of their basic principles. -- ''Cornelius Krahn''
== 1989 Update ==
== 1989 Update ==
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College and seminary campuses have reflected new architectural patterns and trends. Recent construction of note on Mennonite campuses includes the following: [[Goshen College Mennonite Church (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|College Church]] at [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]], Indiana (Orus Eash); Mennonite Heritage Centre at [[Canadian Mennonite Bible College (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada)|Canadian Mennonite Bible College]], Winnipeg (Sig Toews); Chapel of the Sermon on the Mount at the [[Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary (Elkhart, Indiana, USA) |Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminaries]], [[Elkhart (Indiana, USA)|Elkhart]], Indiana (Charles Stade); Marbeck Center at [[Bluffton University (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Bluffton University]], Ohio (Jack Hodell); John S. Umble Center, [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]] (Weldon Pries); Administration Building, [[Eastern Mennonite University (Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA)|Eastern Mennonite University]], [[Harrisonburg (Virginia, USA)|Harrisonburg]], Virginia (LeRoy Troyer).
College and seminary campuses have reflected new architectural patterns and trends. Recent construction of note on Mennonite campuses includes the following: [[Goshen College Mennonite Church (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|College Church]] at [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]], Indiana (Orus Eash); Mennonite Heritage Centre at [[Canadian Mennonite Bible College (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada)|Canadian Mennonite Bible College]], Winnipeg (Sig Toews); Chapel of the Sermon on the Mount at the [[Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary (Elkhart, Indiana, USA) |Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminaries]], [[Elkhart (Indiana, USA)|Elkhart]], Indiana (Charles Stade); Marbeck Center at [[Bluffton University (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Bluffton University]], Ohio (Jack Hodell); John S. Umble Center, [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]] (Weldon Pries); Administration Building, [[Eastern Mennonite University (Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA)|Eastern Mennonite University]], [[Harrisonburg (Virginia, USA)|Harrisonburg]], Virginia (LeRoy Troyer).
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A growing number of Mennonites have been entering the professions of architecture and landscape architecture. More Mennonite congregations are making use of the services of professional architects. This promises to change the face of North American Mennonite church buildings in the years to come.
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A growing number of Mennonites have been entering the professions of architecture and landscape architecture. More Mennonite congregations are making use of the services of professional architects. This promises to change the face of North American Mennonite church buildings in the years to come. -- ''Robert S. Kreider''
See also [[Meetinghouses|Meetinghouses]]
See also [[Meetinghouses|Meetinghouses]]
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Bachman, C. G. <em>The Old Order Amish of Lancaster County.</em> Norristown, 1942.
Bachman, C. G. <em>The Old Order Amish of Lancaster County.</em> Norristown, 1942.
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Francis, E. K. "The Mennonite Farmhouse in Manitoba," <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> 28 (1954): 56-59.
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Francis, E. K. "The Mennonite Farmhouse in Manitoba," ''Mennonite Quarterly Review'' 28 (1954): 56-59.
Gallee, J. H. <em>Das niederländische Bauernhaus und seine Bewohner</em>. Utrecht, 2 v. 1908-09, one vol. text, one vol. illustrations.
Gallee, J. H. <em>Das niederländische Bauernhaus und seine Bewohner</em>. Utrecht, 2 v. 1908-09, one vol. text, one vol. illustrations.
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Wittlinger, Carlton O. <em>Quest for Piety and Obedience: The Story of the Brethren in Christ. </em> Nappanee, IN: Evangel Press, 1978: 492-495.
Wittlinger, Carlton O. <em>Quest for Piety and Obedience: The Story of the Brethren in Christ. </em> Nappanee, IN: Evangel Press, 1978: 492-495.
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Latest revision as of 07:33, 1 May 2020
Contents
1 1953 Article
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Swiss Mennonite Architectural Practices
1.3 Dutch-Prussian-Russian Architectural Practices
2 1989 Update
3 Bibliography
4 Cite This Article
1953 Article
Introduction
What can be said about "Mennonites and architecture" is related mostly to their retaining accustomed architectural patterns and their creative efforts in adjusting them to new environments. As the Mennonites outside of Holland and Northwest Germany are predominantly a rural folk, the objects in which their architectural patterns found expression are mostly dwelling places; barns, and school and church buildings. Nowhere, however, has any characteristic or distinctive architectural style developed which was created by Mennonites.
There are two major sources of origin and lines of development for Mennonite culture including architectural patterns -- the Mennonites of Swiss background who migrated either directly from Switzerland to Pennsylvania or indirectly by way of Germany, during the early 18th century, and accepted the Pennsylvania-German architectural patterns, and the Prusso-German Mennonites of Dutch background who settled in the Vistula River Delta near Danzig and migrated to Russia at the end of the 18th century, whence some came to America in the second half of the 19th century.
Swiss Mennonite Architectural Practices
The Swiss Mennonites, when leaving home and settling in South Germany, Alsace-Lorraine, Volhynia, Galicia, and America, adhered to their culture and traditions in their respective environments for a long time. In countries like South Germany, Alsace-Lorraine, and the Netherlands a gradual adjustment took place, while in countries with a definitely contrasting culture adjustment was much slower. This was the case in Volhynia, Galicia, and Pennsylvania. And yet the meetinghouses or churches of the Mennonites in South Germany and Alsace-Lorraine even in the 1950s indicated a direct expression of their straightforward Christian belief and practices.
It is of interest to note that in Switzerland, for instance at Langnau and Sonnenberg (Jeangisboden) and quite generally, the meetinghouse is built to look much like a dwelling house, actually inhabited by a family in the first story, with the church room or rooms in the second story. In some places a schoolroom displaces the family quarters on the first floor, as at Moron.
The Swiss and South German Mennonites and Amish who settled in Pennsylvania during the 18th century became an integral part of the developing Pennsylvania-German culture and made their own significant contribution to it. This culture is by background a composite of various South German cultural strains which were transplanted to Eastern Pennsylvania by representatives of the Lutherans, Reformed, Mennonites, Moravians, and some mystic and pietistic groups. Here in the new American environment under pioneer conditions the Pennsylvania-German culture emerged. The architectural patterns which the Pennsylvania-German Mennonites followed are for the most part an integral part of this culture. A visitor to the Pennsylvania-German country is most impressed by the unique barns which he finds not only in Pennsylvania, but wherever these people have moved during the past century in locations like Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, and Ontario. The barns including the motifs and decorative designs are also of South German background. J. J. Stoudt writes that the designs once had religious meaning, but Alfred L. Shoemaker's Hex, No! shows that they no longer have religious significance. According to Shoemaker the painting of barns in Pennsylvania was introduced around 1830. The "plain people" including the Amish and the Mennonites accepted this innovation but were reluctant to make use of symbols and decorative designs on their barns although they used them freely in penmanship and embroidery. In matters pertaining to dwelling places and other structures in the barnyard the Amish and Mennonites have more or less followed the prevailing practices of their respective communities.
Restored Pennsylvania-German Meetinghouse near Roseville, Ontario, Sept. 1999.
In their church, architecture, however, the Mennonites in Pennsylvania did not follow the prevailing practices of the "church people" neighbors, but went their own distinctive way. Their meetinghouse has an interesting history. During the 16th to 18th centuries when the Mennonites of Switzerland were outlawed and could not build churches or special buildings for worship purposes the worship had of necessity to be either in private homes or in the forests and deep mountain glens. No meetinghouses were built in Switzerland or neighboring Alsace and France before the second half of the 19th century. The Amish, being a conservative branch of the Mennonites, maintained the practice even in countries where there was no restriction along these lines. The Mennonites of colonial Pennsylvania (1683-1789), however, during pioneer days built log or stone buildings to serve as schools during the week and as churches on Sunday. Gradually separate buildings for each purpose were erected; usually close together, with a whitewashed stone type soon becoming predominant, later replaced by a brick structure. Originally the church building was very plain and similar to the school. As the congregations grew in size the buildings grew in length. The original meetinghouse usually had one entrance at the end or side; later, two -- one for men and one for women. A small porch at the entrance was in many cases extended across one entire side and end of the meetinghouse. Originally no paint was applied to the interior woodwork and furniture of the building. Men sat on one side and the women on the other on benches without backs. Hats and bonnets were hung on racks suspended from the ceiling over the benches. The ministers sat around a table at the wall opposite the entrance. Gradually a long pulpit was introduced, from which the sermon was delivered, backed by a long bench on which all the ministers sat during the service. Today the pulpits are largely modernized although the long bench is still commonly in use. In the Eastern Pennsylvania meetinghouses of the more conservative groups, no provision is made for pianos or organs, symbolism or art work, steeples and bells, stained glass windows, etc., even today. In the cemeteries near the meetinghouses small simple headstones bearing the names of the departed are found. Stoves were early placed into meetinghouses but lights only more recently with the advent of evening meetings. With the coming of Sunday schools and other activities of the congregations a basement was added.
John Ruth behind long pulpit at dedication of restored Detweiler meetinghouse, Roseville, Ontario in Sept. 1999.
The origin and development of the Pennsylvania German Mennonite meetinghouse is most closely related to that of the other plain people such as the Friends, and is most likely patterned directly after the Quaker meetinghouse which was brought from England. This meetinghouse type has spread to Virginia, Ontario, Ohio, and the western states where the architectural patterns underwent some modifications, especially in the Middle West. Smaller groups again under pioneer conditions and joined frequently by newcomers from Europe did not always maintain the structural design of the meetinghouse in its original form. Sometimes it was abandoned altogether and replaced by prevailing styles in the respective communities. Thus there was less uniformity along these lines among the Mennonites of Pennsylvania-German background in the Middle West and prairie states than was the case in Pennsylvania, Ontario, and Virginia. Under the impact of prevailing American architectural styles the more acculturated groups of Pennsylvania are less uniform in traditional meetinghouse structure than they formerly were. Some congregations have broken away completely and others are attempting to retain the good qualities and features in their adjustment to the needs and functions of a Mennonite congregation in our day.
It is possible though not likely that the early Mennonite meetinghouse of Pennsylvania was also influenced by practices common among the Mennonites of the Palatinate in South Germany. Until 1750 the Mennonites in the Palatinate had not yet been able to erect special houses for worship, and after this almost no emigrants crossed the Atlantic until after 1815. The first church buildings in the Palatinate were plain one-story structures with rectangular windows that gave little impression of being "churches." Some changes in both the exterior and interior took place during the 19th century. Organs were introduced and sometimes provisions for choirs were made. These changes usually came about in connection with a trained ministry which was gradually introduced from the beginning of the 19th century.
Dutch-Prussian-Russian Architectural Practices
Before presenting the Prusso-Russo-German architectural practices, it is necessary to summarize their background. Mennonite families coming from the various provinces to the Low Countries during the 16th and 17th centuries and settling along the Vistula River merged into a religio-cultural unit that retained its characteristics even after adjustment to the new environment, which practices were also continued on the steppes of Russia, the prairies of North America, the Chaco of Paraguay, and the hills of Mexico, whither migrating groups later came. This perpetuated culture was, however, neither purely Dutch nor German but a composite of the two, based on religious principles adhered to for centuries. The peculiar architectural patterns and practices must be viewed against this background.
"Houselike" church at Zijldijk.
Mennonite Encyclopedia photo
In the Netherlands the Mennonite influence on architecture has been limited to church buildings, since the residences of Mennonites, both in the country and in towns, show no difference from other Dutch houses. But Mennonite meetinghouses in Holland, at least until about 1840, are quite different from other Protestant church buildings. From the origin of Anabaptism until the end of persecution, i.e., from 1530 to about 1570, Anabaptists and Mennonites did not meet in special meetinghouses, but worshiped where they could gather best, in the open air, in the attic of a warehouse, in a cellar, in a granary, or in other hidden places. About 1570, and in the country somewhat earlier, Mennonites began to assemble in the house of one of the members of the congregation. After persecution had ended, they usually rented a room for worshiping. About 1600 most congregations began to rent or to buy a warehouse or a barn, which was adapted for the meetings only by making small transformations. In the second half of the 17th century nearly every congregation had a meetinghouse of its own. The Flemish congregation at Amsterdam secured its meetinghouse bij't Lam (now Singelkerk) as early as 1608. About the same time the congregations of Rotterdam, Haarlem, Leeuwarden, and Leiden secured their meetinghouses. Before 1795 Mennonites of Holland, like other dissenters, were allowed to worship only in such meetinghouses as had no towers nor bells, so that no one would be "misled" into attending their services, nor were they allowed to be built on street fronts; hence all the Mennonite churches of this period in the towns of Holland are hidden churches (schuilkerken). Good examples of those old hidden churches are today the Mennonite churches of Amsterdam (Singelkerk), Haarlem, and Grouw, Friesland. In the country too the meetinghouses were not allowed to look like churches; mostly they looked like ordinary houses or barns. Especially in the Zaan region of North Holland near Amsterdam many of these barnlike meetinghouses were erected, of which some still existed in the 1950s, e.g., Zaandam-West (built in 1684), Krommenie (1700), Westzaan-Zuid (1731). Typical house-like churches of this period were the meetinghouses of Stroe, on the island Wieringen, which burned down in 1933, the church of Nes on the island of Ameland, those of Zijldijk in Groningen, and the little Menno Simons church at Pingjum, Friesland, restored in 1950. Even a large and important congregation like Harlingen assembled during the 17th and 18th centuries in a barn-like structure called De Blauwe Schuur (the blue barn). In the early 17th century all the churches were very simple and unpainted, and the furniture was also plain. There were no chairs or pews, only benches without backs; no pulpit, but on one side a kind of platform on which the ministers and deacons sat on a bench (later on chairs). There was no heating and the building had only a few small windows, mostly placed rather high in the walls. Sometimes one corner of the meeting place was enclosed as a room for the preachers and deacons to meet in before the service began. This kind of meetinghouse, of which the ground plan was a square, or a rectangle, the square ground form being the oldest, continued to be the normal type for the more conservative Mennonites, such as the Groninger Old Flemish Jan-Jacobsz group, until their congregations were dissolved in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Both Lamists and Zonists permitted more convenience and even some luxury. Their meetinghouses had chairs (for the women) instead of only benches, and a pulpit like that of the Reformed churches. Of this group the former church of Rotterdam (burned down 1940) with its oak boarding and its beautifully carved pulpit was a fine example. The exterior of all those churches was very plain, and stained glass windows, with two or three exceptions, were not permitted. The old country church of Irnsum, Friesland, however, had a small painted window by 1684, and Witveen in 1712 (DB 1872, 34-35). After 1796, when Mennonites obtained full civil rights, no further restrictions were imposed in the building of Mennonite churches. Henceforth the church buildings could be erected on street fronts, and they could have towers, if so desired. Yet towers on Mennonite churches are very rare; some have a little spire or elevation on the facade, like Enschede, IJtens, Joure, Veenwouden, and Oudebildtzijl, the latter having a bell. Only the church of Wageningen (built 1951) had a real tower in the 1950s. About the middle of the 19th century most of the Dutch Mennonite churches were remodeled and many were built new. With a few exceptions they are of no importance in an artistic sense. They are mostly very plain, yet following the artistic ideas of this period by adapting Renaissance porches and Gothic ogival windows. Of higher artistic merit are some churches built in the after 1920. Mennonite churches in Holland usually have a balcony, which is also the location of the choir during the service, if there is a choir. They also have rooms for the meetings of the church board, catechetical classes, etc. All Dutch churches now have organs, introduced generally at the end of the 18th century, the first installed in Utrecht in 1765. Some churches also have beautiful stained glass windows, such as for instance Hilversum and Heerlen. Basements are unknown in Holland. -- Nanne van der Zijpp
The settlement and building practices of the native Population in the Vistula Delta differed considerably from those introduced by the Dutch Mennonites who established themselves there. Before the arrival of the Dutch Mennonites it was the custom of the natives to settle in compact villages and to build dwelling places, barns, and sheds as separate units. The Mennonites usually located along a river, each on his own land with dwelling place, barn, and shed under one roof, built at right angles with the street. In this long structure the dwelling place was nearest the street; immediately behind it was the barn and finally the shed. More prosperous farmers occasionally attached the shed to the barn in a triangular fashion. At times another section was added to the shed making the total building assume the shape of a cross (Kreuzhof). During the last decades this architectural pattern underwent considerable modification, especially on the larger estates, although the traditional structures could still be found.
Wherever the Mennonites of Prussian background went they took with them their way of life including their architectural traditions, and some of them were preserved in greater purity in isolated settlements in Russia and America than in Prussia. The pattern of the buildings was always the same although different materials were used. In the pioneer stages solid mud walls or adobe brick were used. Later they were replaced by wood or brick. The straw roof was replaced by tiles, tin, or shingles. A deviation from the early Dutch tradition in Prussia was that they settled in compact villages in Russia, and perpetuated the practice in Manitoba, Mexico, and Paraguay. The interior of the house was arranged much as it had been in Prussia and in most of the homes traditional homemade furniture was found.
Traditional Russian Mennonite dwelling
The dwelling house, always one story, had two entrances, one at the front and one at the rear, each leading into a room serving as a hall (Vorderhaus and Hinterhaus). Between these two halls was a kitchen and in the chimney above it the hams and sausages were smoked. The front hall led into the parlor called Grosse Stube. From the back hall one could reach the two rooms across from the parlor called Kleine Stube and Eckstube. Into these three rooms extended a brick stove which was heated from the kitchen with straw, wood, or dried manure. Between the kitchen and the entrance to the barn were two rooms, the Sommerstube for the boys and the pantry with steps leading into the basement. The attics of the dwelling place and barn were used for storing grain and feed. (See also Furniture in Russia, Mennonite)
The dwelling house and barn were connected either directly by a door or by a short hallway. One side of the barn was arranged for horses and the other for cows. From the barn one entered directly into a large shed where hay, chaff, straw, and possibly machinery were stored. The threshing machine was quite frequently placed in a separate storage room, and the straw outside. The well was located either in the barn or next to the barn door. In addition to implement sheds there were usually a summer kitchen and possibly a small house for the retired parents. The house was usually surrounded by a large yard with many shade trees, an orchard, and well-kept flower and vegetable gardens. Some characteristics such as the predominance of the tulip bed bore evidence of their Dutch background.
Dwelling house and barn, Southern Manitoba.
Mennonite Encyclopedia photo
When the Mennonites from Russia, in 1874 and the following years, went to the prairie states and provinces of the United States and Canada, they continued their architectural traditions. In the United States, however, they soon discontinued them, accepting the prevailing American practices. Only a very few Mennonite pioneer buildings can be found in the prairie states today. In Manitoba, however, where the more conservative Mennonites settled, they long retained not only the village pattern but also the architectural practices. Although some villages have disappeared and modern buildings are found on farms of the original Mennonite settlement, the old villages and the traditional style of buildings are still represented. Some of the houses are neglected but others are kept in good repair and painted. This is especially the case where more recent immigrants from Russia have taken over the farms of the conservative Mennonites who have moved to Mexico or Paraguay. Most of the buildings are wooden structures surrounded by board or lattice fence. When after World War I the conservative Mennonites of Canada moved to Mexico and Paraguay they again transplanted their architectural patterns to an entirely new environment. In Mexico the expected change from the use of adobe or mud to wood has not taken place. One can also detect other instances of conformity and adjustment to the Latin American environment in spite of the extremely conservative attitude of the settlers. The high roofs and the spacious attics have almost completely disappeared and the traditional wooden fences around the yards have been replaced by high adobe fences which constitute an adjustment to the environment and protection against thievery. In general the buildings are smaller here than they were in Canada and Russia.
As has been stated, the later Russo-German architectural pattern in Prussia had originated with the coming of the Dutch Mennonites in the 16th century. Specialists distinguish in the Low Countries between the Frisian, the Saxon, and the Brabant architecture. A comparison of these styles with those in use by the Mennonites leads to the conclusion that the traditional Mennonite pattern must be of Frisian background, but has been somewhat modified during the various adjustments to new environments. It should be kept in mind, however, that the architectural patterns of the Low Countries and northern Germany have much in common and differ radically from those in South Germany and Switzerland (see illustrations).
In church architecture there is considerable similarity between the Pennsylvania-German meetinghouse and that of the Russo-German Mennonites. Both groups originated in strictly Reformed surroundings in which Catholic ritual was abhorred and only plain whitewashed churches were tolerated.
In Northwest Germany one or two of the older buildings of architectural type have been preserved, the one at Norden being a particularly beautiful 18th-century type.
Heubuden Church Building, Exterior and Interior views. Scans provided by Mennonite Library & Archives, North Newton, Kansas 2006-0179 & 2006-0181
Heubuden Church Building, Exterior and Interior views. Scans provided by Mennonite Library & Archives, North Newton, Kansas 2006-0179 & 2006-0181
Among the Prussian Mennonite rural churches, where the first meetinghouse was that of Thiensdorf erected in 1722, the Heubuden church was typical. It was a large wooden structure extremely plain, with little resemblance to a church building, located in an open field. The main floor was for women and the balcony for men, very much like the Singel Church of Amsterdam. The pulpit was located on the long side with an enclosure for ministers and deacons on either side. A pipe organ was added in the 18th century. Similarly constructed were the churches of Fürstenwerder, Schönsee, Rosenort, and others, A definite Lutheran influence was evidenced in the churches of Elbing, Marienburg, Montane and others which were constructed of brick, and had either steeples or crosses and Gothic or Roman arches. The Danzig Mennonite Church represented an attempt to retain the old pattern with an adjustment to present trends.
The early Mennonite churches of Russia bore a striking similarity with those of Prussia, the Chortitza church closely resembling the Heubuden church. During the pioneer days in many settlements, like early Pennsylvania, the same building was used as a school during the week and for worship on Sunday. Perhaps this is the reason why schools and churches were similar in construction for a long time. The typical church structure before World War I was a long brick building rarely with a steeple but with arched windows still revealing the old pattern. The most extreme adjustment to the Russian environment was the Einlage Mennonite Church built in a sort of Russian baroque surrounded by a very heavy brick fence.
When in 1874 and after, the Mennonites came to the prairie states and provinces from Russia and Prussia, they continued constructing churches along the traditional lines. The First Mennonite Church of Beatrice, Nebraska; the Hoffnungsau Mennonite Church near Inman, Kansas; the Gnadenberg Mennonite Church near Whitewater, Kansas; and the former Kleine Gemeinde Church near Meade, Kansas, were some of the examples of this tradition. In the process of replacing the old buildings, most of the congregations gradually imitated surrounding practices with little regard to their own principles and traditions.
The early Mennonites of Manitoba and Saskatchewan continued to build the traditional plain churches to which they were accustomed in Russia, often using the same buildings also for schools. The Old Colony Mennonites, Sommerfelder, and other groups definitely adhered to a uniform pattern similar to that of Mennonites of Pennsylvania, which they are continuing in Mexico and Paraguay. It is interesting to note that the dwelling places in Mexico are made of adobe while some church buildings are still being constructed of imported lumber, an indication that in the realm of religious practices there is greater reluctance to give up traditions.
There are two noticeable extremes among the Mennonites of America regarding church buildings. The ultraconservative groups -- the Amish, Hutterites, and others -- have developed a principle that no special building is to be provided for worship purposes only. They meet in private homes or school buildings. What was originally a necessity has become a basic principle of their faith. The other extreme is that of those Mennonite congregations who, unaware of their principles, accept almost any architectural patterns found in their respective communities. This has produced some very odd mixtures and contradictions like the towers found on many Mennonite churches of the prairies, which are remnants of fortresses of the Middle Ages. When and how did these towers become the adornment of Mennonite churches and what connection is there between them and a church in which the Gospel of redemption and a nonresistant way of life is proclaimed?
In conclusion it must be said that Mennonites have not developed more of a specific church architecture than have Methodists, Baptists, or some of the other denominations, and yet there have been certain characteristics peculiar to them. Mennonites of Holland, Prussia, Russia, and the eastern United States have at times developed certain characteristics which express simplicity, honesty, and integration of their basic principles. -- Cornelius Krahn
1989 Update
In the decades following World War II, North American Mennonites experienced an outburst of church building and institutional construction (colleges, hospitals, retirement and nursing homes, camps, etc.) unprecedented in their history. Construction of church buildings had been postponed by the Great Depression of the 1930s and the war years of the 1940s. After the war, Mennonites found themselves with increased financial resources and ideas for expanded institutional programs. This was accompanied by much residential construction and movement into more urban areas.
With radical changes in agriculture, the appearance of Mennonite farmsteads changed. Many special-purpose small farm buildings were torn down as agricultural enterprises became less diversified. With less need for the storage of large quantities of hay, many Mennonite-owned barns fell into disuse and were razed.
In the 1950s and 1960s many small churches or meetinghouses of simple design were replaced by more spacious and complex church structures. Many of these were built at comparatively low cost with much contributed labor under the direction of local contractors and without benefit of architectural services. Educational wings were often added to existing older church buildings to accommodate expanded church programs.
This period brought to an end the simple "meetinghouse" era. Mennonites were now inclined to borrow architectural ideas from their Protestant neighbors. Often church design reflected the pragmatic decisions of those experienced in building for farm and business purposes. Churches often reflected the "L-shaped" ranch-style residential or pole-shed industrial patterns of the era.
As new church buildings were constructed, a wide range of questions evoked congregational discussion and even conflict. Many of the questions were laden with concerns related to Mennonite traditions and values, i.e., questions of simplicity, wealth, replication of conventional non-Mennonite architecture, expanding church programs, technology, and acculturation. A list of some of these questions follows: How shall the building be identified so that it is recognized as a church? Should it have a steeple, cross, a name on the building, or a free-standing sign? Should it have a central pulpit or a divided chancel? In other words, should the church building be pulpit-centered or chancel-oriented or congregation-oriented? Should the building have plain windows, stained glass windows, a public address system, provision for showing motion pictures, a piano or organ (and where should these musical instruments be located)? Should a loft for a choir be included? Questions about the use of works of art in the church building; choice of furniture, chairs, pews (with or without padded seats), carpeting; and provision for a fellowship hall, a kitchen, even a gymnasium, were raised. Additional issues involved the arrangement of classrooms (for different age groups), the size of the foyer (i.e., provision for visiting before and after services), space for a library, access for those with disabilities, retention or razing of buggy sheds, and landscaping and parking lots (paved or unpaved). Some congregations debated whether to design buildings for multiple use—as day-care centers and for after-school youth activities, etc. Even the decision on location of a new building—whether to move into town or not, a move that might mean leaving behind the historic congregational cemetery—could be controversial.
Significant and varied examples of architect-designed church buildings, which involved substantial dialogue between the architect and the congregation, have appeared. These discussions have focused on some of the above questions, but more importantly, on questions of congregational identity and self-image, heritage motifs, sense of congregational vocation, etc. Several notable examples of such collaboration between architects and congregations are (architect's name in parenthesis) Zion Mennonite Church, Souderton, PA (Edward Sovik); Normal Mennonite Church, Normal, IL (LeRoy Troyer); Bahia Vista Mennonite Church, Sarasota, FL (Orus Eash); and Prince of Peace Chapel, Aspen, Colorado (Ron Birkey).
Chapel of the Sermon on the Mount, 1966
College and seminary campuses have reflected new architectural patterns and trends. Recent construction of note on Mennonite campuses includes the following: College Church at Goshen College, Indiana (Orus Eash); Mennonite Heritage Centre at Canadian Mennonite Bible College, Winnipeg (Sig Toews); Chapel of the Sermon on the Mount at the Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminaries, Elkhart, Indiana (Charles Stade); Marbeck Center at Bluffton University, Ohio (Jack Hodell); John S. Umble Center, Goshen College (Weldon Pries); Administration Building, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, Virginia (LeRoy Troyer).
A growing number of Mennonites have been entering the professions of architecture and landscape architecture. More Mennonite congregations are making use of the services of professional architects. This promises to change the face of North American Mennonite church buildings in the years to come. -- Robert S. Kreider
See also Meetinghouses
Bibliography
Bachman, C. G. The Old Order Amish of Lancaster County. Norristown, 1942.
Francis, E. K. "The Mennonite Farmhouse in Manitoba," Mennonite Quarterly Review 28 (1954): 56-59.
Gallee, J. H. Das niederländische Bauernhaus und seine Bewohner. Utrecht, 2 v. 1908-09, one vol. text, one vol. illustrations.
Krahn, Cornelius. "The ethnic origin of the Mennonites from Russia." Mennonite Life 3 (1948): 45.
Ludwig, G. M. The influence of the Pennsylvania Dutch in the Middle West. Pennsylvania German Folklore Society, 1947.
The Mennonite community (January 1950).
Montgomery, R. S. Home craft course in Pennsylvania-German architecture. Plymouth Meeting, 1945.
Schowalter, P. "Mennonite Churches in South Germany." Mennonite life 7 (January 1952).
Schowalter, P. "Die Kirchen der Mennoniten in Pfalz-Hessen." Mennonitisches Jahrbuch (1952)
Smith, C. Henry. The Mennonite Immigration to Pennsylvania. Norristown, 1929.
Stoudt, J. J. Pennsylvania Folk-art. Allentown, 1948.
Weaver, M. G. Mennonite of Lancaster Conference. Scottdale, 1931.
Wenger, J. C. History of the Mennonites of the Franconia Conference. Telford, 1937.
Wiebe, H. Das Siedlungswerk niederländischer Mennoniten im Weichseltal zwischen Fordon und Weissenberg b. z. Ausgang des 18. Jahrhundert. Marburg a.d. Lahn, 1952.
Wittlinger, Carlton O. Quest for Piety and Obedience: The Story of the Brethren in Christ. Nappanee, IN: Evangel Press, 1978: 492-495.
Author(s)
Cornelius Krahn
Nanne van der Zijpp
Robert S. Kreider
Date Published
1989
Cite This Article
MLA style
Krahn, Cornelius, Nanne van der Zijpp and Robert S. Kreider. "Architecture." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989. Web. 6 Dec 2021. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Architecture&oldid=168009.
APA style
Krahn, Cornelius, Nanne van der Zijpp and Robert S. Kreider. (1989). Architecture. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 6 December 2021, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Architecture&oldid=168009.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, pp. 146-151; v. 5, pp. 34-35. All rights reserved.
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0.999818 |
The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred the implementation of low-tech and high-tech solutions for maintaining safety, communication, activity and participation of people with dementia. Discover some practical examples that may sustainably change dementia care.
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Social robots
Given their ability to interact and communicate with humans, these devices can provide companionship, cognitive and social stimulation, as well as assistance with activities of daily living. Social robots improve engagement and activity and reduce carer burden. Cognitive stimulation by social robots my take the form of showing personal pictures from the past, playing personalised music, providing updates on daily news, reminding of important dates and activities, playing games including chess, bingo or tennis, and suggesting physical exercises. Robot pets are a special type of social robots which have the appearance, feel and behaviour of companion animals.
Please take the quiz to learn about the specific contributions and benefits of these technologies. Please drag the different topics to the correct type of assistive technology. Please press the button “check” to get your result.
Changes and improvements in communication
Virtual support groups and a menu of brief educational videos were a way to overcome social distancing rules and meeting restrictions. These alternative ways of communication may complement and strengthen patient and carer support in the future.
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Modernizing Macao, the Old-Fashioned Way: Macanese and Chinese Entrepreneurship in the Colonial City, 1877–1884
Research Article
Modernizing Macao the OldFashioned Way: Macanese and Chinese Entrepreneurship in the Colonial City 1877–1884
Authors: {'first_name': 'Regina', 'last_name': 'Campinho'}
Abstract
In 1877, Miguel Ayres da Silva and his Chinese partners were authorized by the governor of Macao to reclaim a portion of the city’s riverfront. Councilman Silva was one of the first native-born Portuguese, as the aristocratic mixed-blood Macanese called themselves, to bypass traditional employment in the administration or the military and to become a renowned entrepreneur. His project, in line with the government-promoted restructuring of the inner harbor from the 1850s to the 1870s, employed the modern principles of progress and sanitation and set the tone for a new age of centralized urban planning in Macao.
The 1877 riverfront reclamation would be the first urban extension to be carried out under the supervision of the newly created Public Works Department. From the early 1870s on, a new generation of engineers, coming both from the metropolitan schools and from the military schools of the Portuguese State of India, promoted a modern European model of urban governance throughout the Empire. In Macao, this meant favoring the Portuguese government’s claim of full control over the territory to upgrade both the city’s insalubrious additive pattern and its inhabitants’ autonomous practices of appropriating space.
However, Silva’s blatant disregard for government regulations in the construction process, as well as the ensuing succession of patched up settlements, resonated profoundly with Macao’s old-fashioned and informal methods of city-building. By focusing on Silva’s approach to the 1877 reclamation project, this essay looks at the transition from century-old bottom-up practices to the Public Works top-down model, a contested process that reflected both the ambitions and the contradictions of modern Macao.
Keywords: Article has no keywords
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/ah.413
Introduction
On July 2, 1877, the newly appointed governor of Macao, Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva, issued a local ordinance granting Miguel Ayres da Silva permission, under a six-year concession contract, to reclaim a large portion of the city’s riverfront (BG, no. 27, July 7, 1877). The ordinance justified the concession with the claims that it would improve public prosperity by creating new ground on which to build commercial and industrial structures and that it would enhance public health by eliminating an insalubrious point of siltation. The ordinance even asserted that the concession would improve the flow of the Pearl River by realigning the pier wall, thus giving the riverfront a more regular profile.
By that time, the riverfront had been under constant restructuring for more than twenty years, with several one-off projects successively reclaiming new ground, from the northern Porta do Cerco border to the southern Barra end of the Macao peninsula (Figure 1). In his request to carry out the reclamation, dated January 22, 1877, Silva explicitly referred to the ‘precedents of such concessions, granted by [previous] Governors to citizens Vicente de Paula Portaria, Apon, Bernardino de Senna Fernandes and others’ (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00205) to support his claim, which shows that from the 1850s to the 1870s, government-promoted efforts to restructure the inner harbor had been achieved through a series of concessions, negotiated on a case-by-case basis with the city’s notable entrepreneurs. Although this premise can also be confirmed from the comparative analysis of the general historical maps, as well as from sporadic references in published discourses, technical reports, local legislation, and the occasional Chinese source, neither official decisions nor any attempt to control these previous concessions had ever been publicized by a public office.
Figure 1
The Macao peninsula in 1866. Reinterpretation of the 1866 historical map (‘Macau com as Ilhas e Costas Adjacentes feita por Mr. W. A. Read, C.E. 1865–6’, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, France) superimposed on Macao’s 2015 cadastral map. It shows the location of the Chinese Bazaar facing Praia Pequena bay (red box), the setting for Miguel Ayres da Silva’s 1877 reclamation plan, as well as the inner harbor extension and realignment plans from 1856 to 1866 (red hatching).
The ordinance of July 2, 1877, that authorized Silva’s reclamation project came precisely at a time when Portuguese central government was seeking to implement the institutional prerogatives of the Regeneration1 throughout the whole of the Empire. In terms of city planning, this liberal turn meant that the rules were changing from a more or less informal system, based on a sort of local tradition of self-government, where projects were decided between the entrepreneurs and the municipality or, in the case of the overseas territories, the governor, needing neither public approval nor for validation by either metropolitan or local financial and technical bodies, to a centralized system where the public works departments acquired the essential role of providing expertise and surveillance, alongside civil or military governors. This emphasis on achieving a state of ‘political-administrative rationalization’, as architect Anni Günther puts it (2002: 37), had been, in turn, a prerogative directly inherited from the Portuguese ancien régime, with the purpose of putting territorial administration under the aegis of the State.
In Macao, the administrative procedures brought about by this transition in governance were surely at the source of the production of substantial archival documentation regarding Silva’s project. They also must have enabled the emergence, or the strengthening, of the middleman role between private Chinese capital and the Portuguese administration in the formalization of urban projects. The emancipation of the former interpreter into a proper comprador role fit right into the ambitions of a new generation of educated Macanese, of which Silva was one of the first representatives.
This essay is part of a broader study on Portuguese overseas action and administration in the long 19th century’s ‘age of imperialism’ (Porter jkghjka1994: 2) and its burgeoning ‘world urban system’ (King 1991: 1–7). In line with recent postcolonial urban studies on Asian indigenous modernities (Yeoh 2003; Hosagrahar 2005; Glover 2008; Kidambi 2016), the purpose of this wide-ranging study is to reflect on the globalizing impact of modernization at the imperial scale, where metropolitan and overseas territories are intertwined and subjected to a similar and concomitant transformation process, stemming from the advancement and expansion of industrial science and technology. In this respect, this essay aims at presenting a globally aware case study which, in turn, may contribute to a better informed, more locally aware, global narrative of the urban modernization process.
The Road to Progress: Institutionalizing Public Works
Although a national plan of global development and progress had been an aspiration of early liberal governments, it was only with the political truce of the Regeneration period (1851–1868) that institutions of the Portuguese State acquired the stability to pursue it. Reflecting the purposeful and ambitious emphasis on material improvements that this modernizing plan was about to take, one of the most significant steps of the first Regeneration government was to emancipate the Public Works Department (Direcção das Obras Públicas) from the Ministry of the Kingdom (Ministério do Reino). Thus, on August 30, 1852, a national ordinance was published, establishing an independent Ministry of Public Works, Commerce and Industry (Ministério das Obras Públicas, Comércio e Indústria), headed by one of the most decisive figures of the Regeneration, the military engineer António Maria Fontes Pereira de Melo. In the ordinance’s preliminary report, Fontes Pereira de Melo signed a manifesto for the rationalization of governance as a means to achieve material progress:
The new economic situation that presents itself to modern Nations by the immense industrial development that characterizes this century brought the need to subdivide the departments of Public Governance, charged with overseeing and managing, in the name of general interest, the major groups of private interests. [The Ministry of Public Works] will connect the administration with the industries; … will facilitate transactions and promote affordable transport by building good communication routes; will organize industrial credit and establish professional teaching, without which the industries can hardly progress, as they know not how to improve their processes by taking advantage of the prescriptions of science. … Real improvement [of Public Treasury] cannot come from petty and irrational economies, but necessarily results from increasing taxable matter, which can only be achieved by promoting the industries, building communication routes, enabling education, fomenting credit, in a word, by improving the conditions of national labor. (DG, no. 206, September 1, 1852)
The notion of societal, economic, and political renewal through material progress, very tangibly epitomized by the railway, was crucial in European urban milieus from the 1830s on. Within the circle of the Portuguese liberal elite, this renewal through material progress was associated with the idea of freedom stemming from the philosophy of the French Polytechnique graduate Michel Chevalier, a Corps des Mines civil engineer and economist. His theory on the ‘political economy of material improvements’ nourished political thought prior to and throughout the entire Regeneration period. In this intellectual context, sociologist David Justino links Fontes Pereira de Melo with the Saint-Simonian thinkers (2016: 29–30). Fontes’ founding discourses echo Chevalier’s premises that freedom, particularly for the working class, or, in the Portuguese case, for the hinterland folk, would only come through ‘material progress’, understood as State investment in land and water communication routes, by which ‘men and goods’ could be brought closer together (Chevalier 1838: 3–11).
It is also true that, both in political circles and in public opinion, from the very beginning of his tenure as minister of Public Works, Fontes Pereira de Melo became so intrinsically and personally linked with the Regeneration policy of material improvements that both the policy itself and its driving ideology began to be referred to as Fontism (fontismo). However, as has often been pointed out in Portuguese historiography, Fontes was probably less a trailblazing ideologist of the ‘religion of progress’ (Justino 2016: 63) than a voice of his time, even if a particularly active and politically influential one. The generation that ended up building and institutionalizing Fontism was born in the 1820s, shared the benches of the Lisbon Polytechnical School (Escola Politécnica de Lisboa), moved in the elite circles of the capital’s cultural associations, indulged in a range of editorial activity, and enlisted in promising careers in the military engineering corps. Through conferences and lectures, specialized periodicals, and articles in journals for a broader audience, they spread the progressive gospel of material improvements, sharing the writings of Saint-Simonian authors and debating contradictory views on the material or immaterial expressions of that progress.
Many of these young savants, profoundly convinced of the societal implications of the material improvements theory, would end up taking public office, be it as governors (civil in the metropole and military in the overseas jurisdictions), as ministers of Public Works, Treasury, Overseas Territories, and Kingdom departments, and sometimes even ascending to head of government. They were the framework of a true république de savants2 that was at the heart of the Portuguese constitutional monarchy. By the 1870s, the Public Works and the Public Health Departments represented the dual expertise, technical and scientific, provided by the Saint-Simonian central government, as a result of the ‘political-administrative rationalization’ effort of previous decades (Nonell 2002: 37).
Social Forces and Economic Prowess in Macao
In July 1877, when the inner harbor reclamation ordinance was published, Miguel António Ayres da Silva was a young man of 33. He and his brother, Pedro Nolasco da Silva, one of the most prominent intellectuals in the history of the territory, were at least the fourth generation of their family to be born in Macao (Forjaz 1996: 763–781). Both brothers were also members of the City Council (Conselho Municipal) or, as they were called in Macao, city senators (senadores). Miguel Ayres was less of a public figure than his older brother, partly because of his unusual choice of career in real estate development, but most probably because of his untimely death in 1886 at the age of 42, which may also account for the scarcity of archival sources detailing his life. Given his experience in urban planning and undoubtedly due to his connections not only to the Portuguese colonial government but also to the Chinese entrepreneurial community, he was often mentioned in collaborative missions with the government, as a member of the 1883 Macao Improvement Committee, for example, or as a representative of the City Senate on the Technical Council for Public Works (Conselho Técnico de Obras Públicas).
Coming from the long-established and well-respected Silva family, Miguel Ayres was therefore one of the first in his generation of native-born Portuguese, as the aspiring aristocratic mixed-blood Macanese called themselves, to drift away from traditional employment in commerce, administration, or the military and make a name for himself as an entrepreneur and landowner. Probably highly educated, as his brother had been, at St. Joseph Seminary (Forjaz 1996: 765), he would certainly have learned to speak not only the Macanese patois, but also Portuguese, Mandarin, and Cantonese. This was likely not the standard education for the Macanese who, in the last quarter of the 19th century, were frequently depicted in both Portuguese and European sources as living through a sort of cultural and moral decay linked to the involvement of some of these families in the coolie trade, which had allowed, until its prohibition in 1874, for a sort of financial resurgence in Macao (Pinheiro 2010: 64–68).
Associated with ancien regimes that everywhere in the modern world were giving way to more liberal societies, the Macanese were often depicted in travel writing, such as that of the Austrian diplomat Joseph Alexander von Hübner. In Promenade autour du monde, he describes the Macanese as a ‘half-blood Portuguese’ mixed race (1871: 599), belonging to a bygone or even mythical time when men came to Macao to make their fortunes:
There are no more than a dozen pure blood Portuguese families in Macao today. In this number are not comprised the doctors, the civil and military officers that the government sends at certain times and who, miserably paid, are repatriated when their time is over. The time when Portuguese employees would come here to make their fortunes belongs to history or, better said, to myth. Nobody prospers here anymore, apart from coolie brokers or gambling-house owners. … The Chinese element is constantly gaining ground, which is only natural. The Chinese represent life; the Portuguese, sleep, or death. That’s why we see the Chinese establish themselves in quite a few of the beautiful, old Portuguese houses. … While English and German residents depart because they are no longer able to do business, while the Portuguese element, through a series of multiplied infusions of Asian blood, taints and extinguishes itself, the Chinese, by means of its wonderful activity and sobriety, achieve what its government couldn’t, neither by force, nor by ruse: it comes, under the very shadow of the Portuguese flag, retaking possession of the territory formerly conquered by the Lusitanian heroes. (Hübner 1871: 634, 637)
Hübner’s typical 19th-century Euro-centric vision equated the ethnic mixture of the Macanese with what he perceived as their physical and moral decay, which, in turn, signified the decay of the city itself, as well as of the centuries-old Portuguese presence in China. In contrast, the thriving Chinese community was depicted as a growing menace to the future of the city, at the same level of importance as the geopolitical shifts after the Opium Wars:
The causes of decadence of commercial activity are: Chinese competition and the opening of the treaty-ports. Everything conspires for the ruin of Macao. And yet this was the great emporium of the first Portuguese merchants; it was, since mid-16th century, a beacon of Catholic science in the Far-East. It still is today the place that connects this branch of the Portuguese race to faith and civilization. (Hübner 1871: 637)
Indeed, Macanese families were strongly attached to the old ‘divided sovereignty’ system (Santos 1998: 7). They had built their fortunes by negotiating, through their seats at the City Senate, the legitimacy of the Portuguese presence and privileges through proximity with the Qing officials who, up until this point, had wielded absolute power over the district’s land and construction policies. The eviction of the mandarins, as well as the local institutional reform engaged by Governor Ferreira do Amaral in the 1840s, ultimately led to the development of a more liberal climate in the city, allowing other social and economic forces to thrive under the shadow, as Hübner put it, of the Portuguese imperial flag. These forces were, of course, the local entrepreneur families of Fujian and Guangdong origin, which had been growing in power and influence since the establishment of the gambling and commodities concession system, also in the 1840s.
Due to the historic conflict between Macanese families, who represented local Portuguese interests, and the central Portuguese government, the former were often depicted in a somewhat derogatory way in metropolitan sources. Dr. Lúcio Augusto da Silva, for example, although himself of Goan Portuguese descent, wrote in his 1865 public health report:
The profession of foreign Europeans is commercial. The Portuguese, for the most part, are public officers, civil and military, or navy. Their descendants follow those same professions, also finding employment in commerce. With the exception of the typographic art, in which some of the Macanese engage themselves, there are neither Portuguese nor foreigners in this city engaging in the arts and crafts, in which only the Chinese employ themselves. (BG, no. 34, August 21, 1865)
Francisco Pinheiro, while describing Macanese aristocratic habits, quotes George Staunton, an 18th-century British diplomat, in stating that the Macanese ‘avoided “undignified” manual work, preferring to beg than to do any rural, artisan or industrial work’ (2010: 64). Pinheiro describes them living in their ‘large Mediterranean-style mansions’ (2010: 64), the fidalgos (as Charles Boxer calls them in Fidalgos of the Far East), ‘like small kings with large entourages of slaves … of different origins: African, Indian, Malay, Polynesian and Asian’ (2010: 80).
Writing in 1855, Melchior-Honoré Yvan, a French physician and politician, confirms this idea that the Macanese indeed cultivated a fidalguia status: ‘There are some remains of aristocracy amongst them, and their European descent seems to regulate their privileges in proportion as it is more or less decided’ (Jorge and Coelho 2014: 136). They were, however, in the author’s view, very much lacking in formal education, particularly the women. This was a result of the suppression of most of the religious orders, whose colleges and convents historically provided education, which began with the expulsion of the Jesuits from Portuguese territories by the Marquis of Pombal in 1759, and was finally established for all congregations with the post-civil-war decree of 1834. Government-sponsored secular instruction had not followed and, therefore, in the small provinces such as Macao, the choice of education was very limited for young boys. For girls it was nonexistent.
Silva was definitely engaged with improving education, not just in relation to the activities of the Association for the Promotion of Education of the Macanese (est. 1871), but also by his own initiative as entrepreneur. Indeed, by the end of the troubled construction process of his reclamation in September 1883, he freely decided to donate to the City Senate, as a senator himself and, incidentally, current holder of the Fantan gaming concession, a set of buildings situated on the new grounds to be used as a municipal fish market. The rents collected from this new market, he specified in his donation request, had to be used to fund a ‘primary and complementary school’ run by the Senate, in which Portuguese, geography, and history would be taught. This fund was also to be used to establish a school library and museum, as well as to acquire school supplies for ‘destitute students’ (MO, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00580). After being approved by the Government Council, presided over by Governor Tomás de Sousa Rosa, the new fish market opened in February 1884 (BG, no. 8, February 23, 1884), marking the conclusion of Silva’s urban extension enterprise.
Project and Controversy
The reclamation project of January 1877 was not the first concession in the history of the inner harbor realignment and extension to be granted by the Portuguese government. It was not even the first time a Macanese name had been linked to this sort of property development; quite a number of collaborations, despite the apparent social factors opposing them, had already occurred between Portuguese descendants and Chinese entrepreneurs.3
However, these were all rather small-scale operations, whereas the scope of Silva’s plan was similar to earlier ambitious inner harbor realignment projects led by Chinese entrepreneurs, such as merchant Apon’s Chinese Bazaar rebuilding and extension following a ravaging fire in 1856, or Vong Lok’s New Bazaar reclamation in the 1870s.4 It would also be the first institutionalized modern urban plan to be carried out in Macao, as well as the first Macanese-led real-estate development in the history of the city.
According to the local ordinance of July 2, 1877, that authorized the concession (BG, no. 27, July 7, 1877), its purpose was to reclaim an extension of the old Chinese Bazaar riverfront, by drawing a straight line between its northern and southern points (Figures 2 and 3).
Figure 2
The Chinese Bazaar circa 1875. Configuration hypothesized based on a comparative reinterpretation of the 1866 (see Fig. 1) and 1884 (see Fig. 3) historical maps superimposed on Macao’s 2015 cadastral map.
Figure 3
The Chinese Bazaar in 1884. Reinterpretation of the 1884 historical map (‘Planta da Península e Porto de Macau,’ in Loureiro 1884), superimposed on Macao’s 2015 cadastral map.
The concession contract accompanying the local ordinance established that the reclamation was to be completed within a three-year time frame, to which were added three more years for the construction of projected commercial and industrial buildings. The concessionaire — Silva — was to faithfully respect the project report and plans that had been previously approved by the Technical Council of Public Works (Conselho Técnico de Obras Públicas). He would also be obliged to submit to government inspection, provided by the director of Public Works, ‘to this end considered as the government’s permanent surveyor’ (BG, no. 27, July 7, 1877). Otherwise, regarding all constructions lining the new riverside street, the concessionaire was obliged to build them ‘over similar arcades [arcadas iguais] according to a uniform plan. In the inner streets, although the construction system may be different, it should also be uniform’ (BG, no. 27, July 7, 1877).
Silva’s urbanization plan for the new reclaimed ground was fairly straightforward (Figure 3). It merely applied an orthogonal grid over 19,000 square meters, using the waterfront line as its reference. A main perpendicular street was drawn roughly at the middle, connecting the new riverside street to the heart of the old Bazaar, the Largo do Pagode (Chinese Temple square), and hence to its key thoroughfare, the Rua das Estalagens (Inns street). Silva would later name this 8-meter-wide new street after himself. The rest of the grid was composed of 6-meter-wide secondary streets: a longitudinal one, named Rua Nova do Comércio (New Commerce street), and five transversal ones, which would receive the names of the highest-ranking colonial officers in charge at the time (including a Pedro Nolasco street, probably in honor of Silva’s father), aligned as well as possible with the preexisting perpendicular streets.
By the end of summer 1877, construction was probably already under way, only to be halted by the administration roughly one year later, on the grounds that Silva was breaching the concession contract. The complaint that lead to this decision was filed by Public Works Director Augusto César Supico, right at the beginning of the reclamation work, claiming that Silva had deliberately started construction of the river wall using a different technique than that established in the contract. Silva argued that only 10 meters of the wall had been completed in this alternative manner, as an experiment. By the time Supico’s second complaint was finally taken into consideration by the administration and construction was effectively halted on October 4, 1878 (BG, no. 26, June 28, 1879), a 120-meter wall had already been erected. In other words, one third of the reclamation project was completed (BG, no. 41, October 11, 1879).
In the meanwhile, Supico’s commission as director of Public Works had come to an end. On September 27, 1878, Raimundo José de Quintanilha was ordered to transfer from the head of the State of India Public Works Department to take office in Macao (BG, no. 47, November 23, 1878). Since the reclamation work was already on hold, the Technical Council of Public Works decided to wait for Quintanilha’s arrival before deciding what to do about Silva’s deviation from the contract. The new Public Works director reported, unsurprisingly, that the cofferdam (ensecadeiras) construction system advocated by his predecessor was ‘the most scientific and convenient’ for the project in hand. However, given its advanced state, the fact that the rock-fill (enrocamento) system ‘was also customary, and that the portion completed could be considered well-built and acceptable,’ it would be costlier to demolish and rebuild with the technique favored by the Public Works Department than to let it go on as it was under the responsibility of the builder (BG, no. 41, October 11, 1879).
The issue was resolved in the summer of 1879, when Governor Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva published a new provincial ordinance establishing an amendment to the original contract. It effectively modified the construction system of the river wall to accommodate Silva’s preference for the rock-fill, and included the requirement of a 10-year guarantee of the project’s safety and stability. However, no further alterations would be allowed (BG, no. 26, June 28, 1879).
After this slight disruption, work proceeded, seemingly as expected, until the completion of the reclaimed area. Indeed, despite Quintanilha’s protests, the reception of the work and the order to continue with the three-year term for urbanization and construction of the industrial and commercial buildings were again established by provincial ordinance on March 4, 1881, signed by the new governor, Joaquim José da Graça (BG, no. 10, March 5, 1881). By September, however, Quintanilha had issued a new order to stop construction on the new reclamation. This time, he accused the entrepreneur of beginning to build his properties without having previously submitted the corresponding projects for approval, once again breaching his contract. To add insult to injury, when the Public Works director finally decided to intervene, sending an officer to halt the work, Silva’s contractor refused to yield, thus undermining Quintanilha’s authority as public inspector (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00365). Even so, the latter’s ordeal regarding Silva’s reclamation was coming to an end; by March that same year, Quintanilha had completed his commission in Macao and was already set to be replaced by Constantino José de Brito, an engineer from Goa, at the head of the Public Works Department (BG, no. 21, May 21, 1881).
Having taken office in November (BG, no. 47, November 19, 1881), Brito would thus inherit the mess the new inner harbor reclamation had become. Things had gotten so out of hand that, in January 1882, the district attorney for Macao wrote to the government’s secretary-general in these terms:
The alignments of streets and buildings have been done in utter contravention of the [1877 contractual] plans accepted by both parts, notwithstanding the repeated indications and warnings the Public Works Director has issued as government inspector. It is therefore time, in my view, to act vigorously against the concessionary, using the instruments of the law in accordance with the gravity of his actions. Therefore, … I propose that: 1. The concessionary be intimated to stop all work immediately; 2. That he otherwise be intimated to start tearing down, according to the Public Works Director’s instructions, all contravening buildings, within 24 hours; 3. That he be notified that, if he doesn’t abide perfectly, immediately and completely to the previously stated instructions, his contract will be terminated by local ordinance … and the reclamation adjudicated again to a new concessionary. (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 4)
This time, the main issue at stake was the 1877 contractual clause regarding the obligation to provide all buildings overlooking the waterfront on the new reclamation site with regular arcades, according to a previously approved uniform pattern. This clause had probably been put in Silva’s contract to fulfill the architectural prerogative of having the new riverfront buildings follow the 1867 inner harbor realignment model, continuing the visual pattern of arcades north of Ponte e Horta square, thus reframing the old Bazaar and, through this façade uniformity, giving the inner harbor a sort of modern look (Figure 4).
Figure 4
‘Inner harbor circa 1880’ (Jorge and Coelho 2005). Reprinted by permission.
It was obvious from the start, however, that Silva did not much care for embellishing his façades, and even less for homogenizing the riverfront. He clearly saw this clause as a nuisance which, if abided to, would end up costing him dearly in terms of ground-floor surface. Already back in October 1879, fresh out of his first controversy with the Public Works Department, Silva had sent the governor what seems to have been his initial plan and elevation (Figure 5) for ‘the first block in the riverside street reclamation’ (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 1). In the accompanying letter, Silva wrote that this elevation had already been approved by the City Senate, adding, ‘By this project you may see that that I intend to fulfill religiously the 11th clause of the concession contract, both in reference to the arcades and to the uniformity of the construction plan’ (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 1). Silva must have been aware that this plan most certainly did not correspond to the expectations of the government contract, as it presented a faux arcade of almost flat arches, whereas the 1860s model recommended a covered public gallery built into the surface of the private plots, made of a succession of rounded arches. While claiming otherwise in his letter, it was nevertheless clear from this drawing where the entrepreneur stood regarding the obligation to build an arcade. Also clear from these short statements was who Silva relied on for institutional validation: not the Public Works Department, of course, who had proven too hung up on upholding the contract, but rather his own City Senate.
Figure 5
‘Projecto para a construção da fachada principal do 1° quarteirão no aterro da R. Marginal.’ October 1879, AM, MNL.03.18.Cart (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278).
Indeed, all through the extremely contested construction process, Silva would unashamedly endeavor to take advantage of any legal loophole or jurisdictional overlap between these two institutions that might allow him to have his way with the arcade issue. This tendency to use the approval of the Senate as fait accompli must have rubbed Quintanilha the wrong way, prompting Governor Joaquim José da Graça to appeal to the Ministry of Overseas Territories for help in clarifying who was in charge of what. The answer came from Minister Viscount St. Januarius on March 22, 1881, confirming that, both in terms of the laws in force overseas and in terms of the concession contract, the Senate was indeed authorized to deliberate as it saw fit. With this in mind, the minister also made indisputably clear that the Public Works director had final say in all matters of construction permits or building regulations.
Following his October 1879 plan, Silva formally submitted a request, on August 30, 1880, to have the contract altered again, this time to suppress the obligation of building the front arcade (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 3). Two days later, the Public Works director informed the governor that he considered Silva’s request wholly unsubstantiated as, in his expert view, the arcades would not only improve the ventilation of the upper floors, ‘which are the most important and the only ones fit for housing families,’ thus freeing them from ‘the fetid exhalations of salted fish,’ but would also benefit street traffic, giving it more space and ‘sheltering the passers-by in the seasons of great heat and rain’ (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 2). A few weeks later, Chief Medical Officer Lúcio Augusto da Silva weighed in:
The houses that are to be built in the new reclamation, as all houses in the riverside street, will face the West and, as such, from noon, will be exposed directly to sunlight which, without the arcades, will overheat the shophouses’ walls and enter them, making them not just unpleasant for those who work there, but also prejudicial to the foodstuffs deposited therein, for the heat and humidity that last four months in this city are the two most important causes of effluvia. These excesses do not equate to good hygiene. Even more so, the owners of the shophouses selling salted fish currently without arcades, with the purpose of attenuating the sun heat during the better part of the day, put up in front of them some ridiculous canopies, low and strung by their extremities to weights positioned in the middle of the street, thus encumbering public traffic. Conversely, the arcades, judging by the shophouses that have them, won’t prevent the much-needed air and light from entering those establishments.. … In this case, however, the beauties of architecture, modest as they may be, go hand in hand with the principles of hygiene (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 3).
Paying no mind to these ‘prescriptions of science’ (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 3), and following to the letter the authorization to proceed with construction granted by the local ordinance of March 4, 1881 (BG, no. 10, March 5, 1881), Silva and his associates began to build their shophouses at the end of summer. The outrage this sparked in government circles was hardly a reason, from the entrepreneur’s point of view, to halt construction. Probably to set minds at ease, however, he did present a new plan for the reclamation’s first block along the riverside (Figure 6). This plan basically reprises the one from October 1879 (Figure 5), juxtaposing an arched gallery supporting a balcony on the first floor with the shophouse façades. This gallery was to be built over the 8-meter-wide riverside street. As a result, the street would be reduced to a width of 6.70 meters, ceding 1 meter (plus a pillar width of 30 centimeters) to the narrow walkway. A year before, at the time of the discussion with both the Public Works director and the chief medical officer, Silva had already taken a stand on the issue of the width of the riverside street, stating, in one of his numerous requests, that if he were ‘forced to build the arcades on his own property, for which he must pay the corresponding government tax, he wouldn’t feel obliged to leave those arcades available for public use as if they were a public way; on the contrary, he would have them closed for the private use of his tenants, as would be his right as landlord’ (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 3). Thus, in the end, the October 1881 plan was just another way of expressing, without actually having to repeat the words yet again, his firm intention not to build even a square meter of the contested arcade.
Figure 6
‘Projecto para a construção do 1° quarteirão no aterro da R. Marginal do porto interior.’ October 1881, AM, MNL.03.18a.Cart (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278).
At his arrival in Macao, Constantino José de Brito’s inspection of the whole matter was clear and irrevocable. Writing to inform the governor of his opinion, he argued, regarding the projected arcade:
Such an arcade does not meet the end for which it is planned, becoming rather an encumbrance and a nuisance for commerce, instead of serving it as benefit and comfort, and in such case it is better that it not exist at all …. The riverside street must have a 7.6-meter-width and, being reduced to 6.7 meters, it seems that the concessionary intends to build the arcade over the ground destined for public traffic. Now, when the contract was established, it was decided that the reclaimed ground would be destined for roads and buildings; moreover, it was decided that the buildings standing over the riverside street would have arcades. It is therefore evident that the arcades must be constructed in the ground destined for the buildings and, if this clause didn’t suit the concessionary, he had the freedom of not having taken the concession. (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 4)
In response, both to Brito’s considerations and to the following district attorney’s plea for legal action against Silva (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 4), Governor Graça issued a local ordinance, on March 6, 1882, effectively altering the contractual clause regarding the construction of the arcades, thereby exempting the landowners from this obligation. Despite the diligent inspection of the Public Works Department, read the ordinance, ‘unexpected circumstances had occurred that it had been impossible to remedy without halting construction, at a time when the buildings were already so advanced that demolishing them would imply the loss of great capital, not just by the concessionary but also by other individuals that had bought the already aligned and divided plots in good faith’ (BG, no. 10, March 11, 1882).
Moreover, the ordinance described the plan submitted for the arcade as ‘only serving as an obstacle to public traffic and considerably diminishing the main street’s width’ (BG, no. 10, March 11, 1882). It is better that it not exist at all, Brito had written, which was precisely what happened in the end. No one would be hindered by this decision, claimed the governor, other than the aesthetes concerned with the regularity of the riverfront buildings. And what importance did aesthetics have in face of ‘the city improvement resulting from the construction of this group of shophouses, so well advanced, and that already represents a valuable capital from which will come important profits to the public treasury, besides its importance for commerce, navigation and for hundreds of people that will find work in the new district’ (BG, no. 10, March 11, 1882).
Finally, the ordinance also established a compensation for this exemption, in the form of an indemnity to be used for the construction of a new police station. This idea had been suggested by Silva in his request of January 10, 1882, probably written in the wake of the district attorney’s menacing letter. To persuade the governor to agree to forgo the arcades, Silva and the other four Chinese owners of the seven riverfront blocks offered to pay a penalty for each shophouse facing the riverside street (AM, MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 4).
In the end, as Silva had intended, no arcades were ever built (Figures 7 and 8).
Figure 7
Macao inner harbor in the 1880s. From Largo da Caldeira looking north (Miguel Ayres da Silva’s buildings are on the far left) (Jorge and Coelho 1993). Reprinted by permission.
Figure 8
Rua do Visconde de Paço de Arcos, Macao inner harbor, in the 1880s (Miguel Ayres da Silva’s buildings are on the right). Instituto Cultural de Macau (Soares 2014). Reprinted by permission.
Conclusion
In Macao, the civilizing effort of the Portuguese Regeneration period was mostly put into urban development as a means of establishing State hegemony over the territory, in the same way and with the same techno-scientific, judicial, and governance tools concurrently used in the metropole and throughout the Portuguese Empire. This effort, however, almost immediately had to compensate for the colonial government’s endemic lack of resources and consequently its dependence on local economic and social forces and their inner dynamics, making city-building a proverbial land of opportunity for the local Chinese fortunes, much as it had throughout the treaty ports following the First Opium War. After enabling a first cycle of urban expansion and restructuring projects by the city’s Guangdong and Fujian entrepreneur families, the governments of the 1870s witnessed a new generation of Macanese of Portuguese descent, emancipated from both the old divided sovereignty system and the former role of middleman, wanting their share in the modernizing enterprise.
The tribulations of these projects reflected the difficulties, for modern State-building institutions, such as the emerging Macao Public Works Department, of bypassing traditional, informal city-building practices in their attempt to establish an effective system of centralized planning. In the end, the Public Works experts, despite their best efforts to enforce modernized regulations and practices, were reduced to mere observers of the entrepreneurs’ controversies that unfurled under the accommodating watch of an imperial government, a situation that resonated profoundly with Macao’s old-fashioned traditions of informal city-building. Notwithstanding, the result was indeed an all-new modern district, rationally designed and perfectly optimized, thus demonstrating that the transition from these century-old bottom-up practices to the top-down model of Public Works reflected both the ambitions and the contradictions of modern Macao.
Therefore, these Macanese and Chinese entrepreneurs can hardly be portrayed according to, for example, Brenda Yeoh’s depiction of British-Singapore Asian ‘powerless masses’, devising ‘passive counter-strategies’ to inflect colonial control (2003: 15, 125). Nor can their actions be read as James Scott’s ‘weapons of the weak’ (1985), intended to thwart the Portuguese central government’s claim on urban management. Rather, the dialectic of power at play in this particular circumstance seemed to be one of consensual negotiation, with urban space as currency, and satisfaction ensuing for both parties: the entrepreneur maximized his property investment while the government received something in return, be it penalties, property tax, or simply, by showcasing its liberal policies, the enhancement of the appeal of the territory within the Pearl River Delta region.
This particular power negotiation, described by Linda Weiss and John Hobson as ‘infrastructural power’ (1995), seems to transcend the colonial context, as it can be found in any situation where governance, regardless of how progressive it claims to be, is inherently dependent on local communities. By considering that these practices may be, in certain contexts, built-in characteristics of state power, this ‘historicized’ theorization (Chang and King 2011: 284) helps to counter the dichotomic narrative of the colonizer/oppressor vs. colonized/oppressed, depicting a much more ambiguous and nuanced reality, in which a central government and local communities assert their respective powers through the negotiation process itself. The central government appears, in the end, less as an enforcer of modernity as a ‘tool of empire’ (Headrick 1981) and more as modernity’s enabler, or rather, its vector, in the form of techno-scientific, judicial, and governance knowledge.
Notes
1The descriptive name of the Regeneration (Regeneração) historical period (1851–1868) borrows that of the political party founded by the Duke of Saldanha when taking office as head of government, following his military coup of May 15, 1851. The Partido Regenerador takes a centrist turn in the wake of the ideological divide of the previous civil war, in a bid for political peace, to fulfill the liberal goals of economic and societal renewal and progress through State investment in the transport and communications infrastructure (Serrão 1971: 553).
2Reprising the phrase ‘La République n’a pas besoin de savants!’, attributed to the president of the revolutionary court when sentencing the chemist Lavoisier to death in 1794 (Saraiva 2006: 25).
3For instance, Bernardino de Senna Fernandes, cited by Silva as one of the previous beneficiaries of the inner harbor concessions, appears in the secondary sources as guarantor in the 1869 Vae-seng lottery concession granted to Chinese merchants Ho Guai and Apon (Lin 2015: 33–41). As for Vicente de Paula Portaria, he appears in the primary sources in relation to the 1867 construction of the Ponta e Horta square (BG, no. 21, May 27, 1867), together with a fellow illustrious Macanese and future funding member of the Association for the Promotion of Education of the Macanese, the real-estate owner Maximiano dos Remédios. There was also Portuguese-born Bernardo Estêvão Carneiro, contractor to the new dock at Praia do Manduco of 1863.
4For more on Vong Lok, Ho Guai, and the Macao Chinese entrepreneurs, see Lin (2017). For a study of their role in the city’s urban development during the third quarter of the 19th century, see Campinho (2019).
Author’s Note
All translations are by the author.
Competing Interests
The author has no competing interests to declare.
References
Unpublished Primary Sources
AM (Macao, Arquivo de Macau)
MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00205, Letter no. 169 from the Macao Treasury Department secretary to the Government Secretary-General, regarding the request by entrepreneur Miguel Ayres da Silva to carry out the construction of a new inner harbor reclamation, June 7, 1877.
MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 1. Undated letter from Miguel Ayres da Silva to the Government Secretary-General, October 1879, filed between the letter no. 60 from Macao Public Works Director, October 22, 1879, and a request from entrepreneur Miguel Ayres da Silva, October 28, 1879. Includes the plan and elevation for the first block of the new inner harbor reclamation, MNL.03.18.Cart.
MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 2. Letter no. 40 from Macao Public Works Director Raimundo José de Quintanilha to the Government Secretary-General, regarding the new inner harbor reclamation project, September 1, 1880.
MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 3. Information from the Public Health Council (Junta de Saúde) regarding the new inner harbor reclamation project, September 25, 1880.
MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00278, Doc. 4. Letter no. 18 from the Macao Treasury Department secretary to the Government Secretary-General, regarding construction on the new inner harbor reclamation, January 17, 1882.
MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00365, Letter no. 62 from Macao Public Works Director Raimundo José de Quintanilha to the Government Secretary-General, regarding the new inner harbor reclamation project, September 21, 1881.
MO/AH/AC/SA/01/00580, Letter no. 30 from the president of the City Senate, Domingos Clemente Pacheco, to the governor of Macao, Tomás de Sousa Rosa, regarding a donation of an urban plot and 16 houses by entrepreneur Miguel Ayres da Silva, April 21, 1884.
Primary Sources
BG [Boletim do Governo da Província de Macau, in reference to Boletim do Governo de Macau (1856–1867) and Boletim da Província de Macau e Timor (1867–1890)]
BG, no. 34, August 21, 1865, 135–137, Report on the Macao Public Health Department by the province’s Chief-Surgeon Lúcio Augusto da Silva, June 1, 1865.
BG, no. 21, May 27, 1867, 122, Information regarding several ongoing public works.
BG, no. 27, July 7, 1877, 109–110, Government of Macao local ordinance no. 64, establishing the concession, to entrepreneur Miguel Ayres da Silva, for the construction of a new inner harbor reclamation, July 2, 1877.
BG, no. 47, November 23, 1878, 185–186, National ordinance of September 27, 1878, exonerating Macao Public Works Director Augusto César Supico and appointing Raimundo José de Quintanilha for the same position.
BG, no. 26, June 28, 1879, 138–139, Government of Macao local ordinance no. 59, regarding the new inner harbor reclamation project, June 27, 1879.
BG, no. 41, October 11, 1879, 251–252, Minute from the Government Council session of June 26, 1879, regarding the new inner harbor reclamation project.
BG, no. 10, March 5, 1881, 61, Government of Macao local ordinance no. 35, regarding the new inner harbor reclamation project, March 4, 1881.
BG, no. 47, November 19, 1881, 344, Government of Macao local ordinance announcing that Constantino José de Brito has taken office as Macao Public Works Director, November 14, 1881.
BG, no. 10, March 11, 1882, 78–79, Government of Macao local ordinance no. 19, altering the concession contract with entrepreneur Miguel Ayres da Silva, regarding the new inner harbor reclamation project, March 6, 1882.
BG, no. 8, February 23, 1884, 82, Macao City Senate regulation (postura) regarding the opening of a new fish market in the Chinese Bazaar, February 20, 1884.
DG (Diário do Governo)
DG, no. 206, September 1, 1852, 383–384, National ordinance of August 30, 1852, establishing the Ministry of Public Works, Commerce and Industry. Preliminary report.
Publications
Chevalier, M. 1838. Des Intérêts Matériels en France. Travaux Publics: Routes, Canaux, Chemins de Fer. Paris: Charles Gosselin et W. Coquebert.
Hübner, JA. 1871. Promenade Autour du Monde. Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie.
Loureiro, AF de. 1884. O porto de Macau. Ante-projecto para o seu melhoramento. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade.
Secondary Sources
Campinho, R. 2019. Reassessing Heritage Identities: Chinese Entrepreneurship and the Building of Colonial Macao’s Urban Landscape (1856–1872). In: The 1st International Congress on Colonial and Postcolonial Landscapes: Architectures, Cities, Infrastructures, Lisbon, 2019, forthcoming.
Chang, J–H and King, AD. 2011. Towards a Genealogy of Tropical Architecture: Historical Fragments of Power-Knowledge, Built Environment and Climate in the British Colonial Territories. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 32: 283–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.2011.00434.x
Forjaz, JP. 1996. Famílias Macaenses. Macau: Fundação Oriente, Instituto Cultural de Macau.
Glover, WJ. 2008. Making Lahore Modern: Constructing and Imagining a Colonial City. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Headrick, DR. 1981. The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hosagrahar, J. 2005. Indigenous Modernities: Negotiating Architecture and Urbanism. London and New York: Routledge.
Jorge, C and Coelho, RB. 1993. Album Macau 3: People, Places and Experiences. Macau: Livros do Oriente
Jorge, C and Coelho, RB. 2005. Álbum Macau: Memória da Cidade. Macau: Livros do Oriente.
Jorge, C and Coelho, RB. 2014. Viagem por Macau, Vol. 3, Século XIX, II Parte. Macau: Livros do Oriente.
Justino, D. 2016. Fontismo. Liberalismo numa Sociedade Iliberal. Lisboa: Publicações Dom Quixote.
Kidambi, P. 2016. The Making of an Indian Metropolis: Colonial Governance and Public Culture in Bombay, 1890–1920. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315238500
King, A D. 1991. Urbanism, Colonialism and the World-Economy: Cultural and Spatial Foundations of the World Urban System. London: Routledge.
Lin, GZ [林广志]. 2015. Chinese Merchants in Macau in Late Qing [澳门晚清华商]. Hong Kong: Joint Publishing.
Lin, GZ [林广志]. 2017. Soul of Macau: Chinese Merchants and Chinese Communities in Macau in Late Qing [澳门之魂—晚清澳门华商与华人社会研究]. Guangzhou: Guangdong People’s Publishing House.
Nonell, AG. 2002. Porto, 1763/1852: A Construção da Cidade entre Despotismo e Liberalismo. Porto: FAUP Publicações.
Pinheiro, FV. 2010. Macao’s Coolie Trade: One City, Two Cultures, Three Communities. Social Harmony, Separate Development and Taxing Vices. Review of Culture, 35: 60–83.
Porter, A. 1994. European Imperialism 1860–1914. London: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10544-1
Santos, BS. 1998. Macau: o Pequeníssimo Dragão. Porto: Edições Afrontamento.
Saraiva, T. 2006. Ciencia y Ciudad: Madrid y Lisboa, 1851–1900. Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid.
Scott, JC. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Serrão, J. (ed.) 1971. Dicionário de História de Portugal. Lisboa: Iniciativas Editoriais.
Soares, N. (ed.) 2014. The Inner Harbour: Background Document on the Revitalization of Macau’s Vernacular Heritage. Macau: Nuno Soares.
Yeoh, BSA. 2003. Contesting Space in Colonial Singapore: Power Relations in the Urban Built Environment. Singapore: Singapore University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ntj2v
Weiss, L and Hobson, J. 1995. States and Economic Development: A Comparative Historical Analysis. Cambridge: Polity Press.
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In 2020, 235 San Franciscans tragically died due to COVID-19. In the same time period, SF saw nearly three times as many deaths (699) from accidental drug overdoses. Policies such as social distancing, which have saved so many lives by ebbing the spread of COVID-19, may have contributed to social isolation and reduced the likelihood of people being revived from an overdose.
Though these crises may feel disconnected, the solutions to both should be viewed as complementary, rather than competing, public health priorities. As a society we’ve proven our ability to mobilize relatively effective measures to control/reduce Covid-19 deaths; we need to use the same level of urgency and public health investment to combat the Opioid Epidemic and its growing fatalities.
Approximately 500 (or two-thirds) of the overdose deaths in San Francisco in 2020 were caused by Fentanyl. Fentanyl, an increasing cause of overdose deaths throughout the US, is roughly 25-50 times stronger than heroin and is often mixed into heroin bags or other pills – catching even experienced drug users by surprise. Due to its low price and decentralized sources, Fentanyl has proven difficult to target using traditional criminal enforcement mechanisms. Rather than address these failures exclusively through enforcement reform, it’s critical to adopt a more holistic approach centered on health and emphasizing proven solutions over social stigma.
So what would a public health approach to preventing drug deaths look like? The CDC and organizations like the Drug Policy Alliance advocate a number of approaches including:
readily available testing kits (to identify Fentanyl)
data and emerging technologies – from tracking safe drugs supplies, to monitoring over-prescription and guiding decision-making for physicians
treatments such as Methadone and/or buprenorphine to address addiction at the point of care
access to Naloxone (aka Narcan) which treats narcotic overdose in an emergency situation
In 2020 alone, trained community members (including users and family members) in SF were able to reverse at least 2,600 overdoses with Narcan. The question is not whether these policies are effective, it is how can we make them more readily available?
One obvious answer is to incorporate these services into other health facilities such as emergency rooms or Navigation Centers and to create dedicated locations such as needle exchanges or even better, safe injection sites to test, treat, and trace. Safe injection sites like those in Europe and Canada, which have been proposed by SF elected officials like Senator Scott Weiner and Mayor Breed (whose sister died of an overdose), have been shown to prevent overdose deaths, reduce the spread of diseases like hepatitis C and HIV, and help get users into treatment.
While maintaining the same urgency and coordination we’ve used to prevent COVID-19 deaths, we need to shift from an overly-criminalized focus on enforcement and supply reduction to one characterized by regulation and harm reduction. These solutions require both public backing and investment – a meaningful first step is to support progressive legislation (proposed by SF’s own Scott Weiner) which can make meaningful change.
Sources
SF Chronicle, “2020 was S.F.’s deadliest year for overdoses, by far.” Link
SFIST, “SF Saw Triple the Number of Overdose Deaths Than COVID-19 Deaths in 2020.” Link
NPR, “’We Are Shipping To The U.S.’: Inside China’s Online Synthetic Drug Networks.” Link
CDC, “Evidence-Based Strategies for Preventing Opioid Overdose: What’s Working in the United States.” Link
Homeland Preparedness News, “San Francisco Police Department cites Naloxone success in reducing opioid overdoses.” Link
Drug Policy Aliance, “Key Harm Reduction Issues.” Link
Deloitte, “Strategies for stemming the opioid epidemic.” Link
NOPNA
Addressing Housing & Retail in NOPA
May 15, 2019 julianmackie
As part of my work with the NOPA Neighborhood association, I recently launched our first ever land use committee. We announced the committee publicly in the May edition of the NOPNA news; check out the letter below or read the full edition here.
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I originally joined NOPNA as a way of giving back and meeting neighbors. What immediately struck me was the role NOPNA played in influencing the decisions that most impact the community: from safety, to transportation, to land use. Conversations about land use with community members, focused on new developments or changes to streets and sidewalks, proved to be the most contentious — and for good reason. New developments not only represent a change to our built environment, they also serve as key contributors to livability, sustainability, and opportunity. NOPNA has the opportunity to engage and amplify the voice of our community in these conversations. For this reason, we’ve decided to launch our first ever land use subcommittee.
The committee will be responsible for tracking and responding to land use and zoning proposals, both residential and retail, that substantially impact our neighborhood. We plan to work with neighborhood groups, government organizations, and the broader community to ensure a diverse perspective in our responses to developers and other impacted parties.
NOPA neighbors will have many opportunities to provide input: we will host information sessions, conduct surveys, and use other communication channels. The committee will meet bi-quarterly and will include board members and other neighborhood residents with diverse backgrounds and perspectives. In taking positions, the committee will be explicit in the projects we focus on and how we evaluate them (e.g., impacts to neighborhood livability, affordability, and sustainability). We want our efforts to be focused and effective.
What excites me most about our work is the opportunity to collectively shape our community through empathy and action and to ensure that new developments make our neighborhood greater than the sum of its parts. If you are interested in joining the conversation, reach out to me at [email protected].
NOPNA
Supervisor Brown on Housing, Homeless, and Clean Streets
December 3, 2018 julianmackie
[Published in the November / December edition of NOPNA News]
Vallie Brown is no stranger to NOPA. Prior to being appointed by Mayor London Breed as the new District 5 supervisor, she was a neighbor, community organizer, and legislative aide to both Breed and Ross Mirkarimi. She draws on these experiences when speaking of her vision for NOPA, which centers on three topics: housing, homelessness, and clean streets.
“We’re in a housing crisis and we need all types of housing to ensure we have choices,” she urged in a recent conversation. “We need to ensure all new developments feature as much affordable housing as possible without crushing the project.” By leveraging density bonuses, she pushed two high-profile NOPA developments, at 400 and 650 Divisadero, to raise their inclusionary housing levels to 20% and hopes future developments will achieve 23% inclusionary. At the same time, she aims to ensure inclusionary units for those at various levels of the average median income (AMI), primarily 55%, the lowest range. Finally, she plans to use other tools, such as neighborhood preference, condo fees, and the city’s small site program, to protect renters from displacement and increase the city’s affordable housing funds.
“I can’t go to a community meeting without hearing about the homeless issue,” Brown mentioned, turning her attention to the area’s homelessness. “Anyone who has lived here a while would agree.” Brown supports the recent conservatorship legislation passed at the state level and adds, “we’re seeing what the opioid crisis is doing to people.” She sees Prop C as a critical step to increasing shelter capacity and housing options along with on-site, wrap-around services, a model which has worked in cities such as New York. Lastly, she adds that this is a regional issue: “We need San Jose, Oakland, other cities in the Bay area to come together and solve this homeless problem though money and services.”
Clean streets, her third priority, is intertwined with the first two. She sees programs such as once- or twice-monthly dump days, additional public trash cans, and public education as critical to fighting the neighborhood’s trash problem. She also raised the idea of neighbors “adopting a block” to increase accountability. For those who say these are city issues, she says, “We need to have the shared responsibility for making our city better — if we can get people to understand that, then things will get better.”
NOPNA
Vision Zero – Pedestrian Safety Update
February 6, 2018 julianmackie
Safety by the Numbers Update
(This article appeared will appear in NOPNA’s Feb/March Edition)
The San Francisco Chronicle recently declared 2017 the safest year for traffic fatalities in the city’s history. The proclamation was a step towards the city’s goal of cutting traffic fatalities to zero by 2024, but just how safe are NOPA’s streets and what work is there still to do?
NOPNA recently completed an updated analysis of traffic collision data made available through the Vision Zero initiative. This data, which spans 2005–2016*, provides specific information about traffic incidents including location, street conditions, time of day, and cyclist or pedestrian involvement.
The data points to a decrease in traffic collisions overall, particularly those involving pedestrians and cyclists. When collisions have occurred (such as the fatal collision in October of 2017), they have largely taken place in areas where high volume auto traffic intersects with pedestrian and cyclist paths in our neighborhood (i.e., Divisadero, Masonic, and Fell/Baker and Fell/Masonic intersections). The intersection of Fell and Masonic has been historically dangerous for cyclists (25% of all cyclist-involved collisions), although the last five years have shown a clear improvement. The busy commercial Divisadero intersections at Fell and at Hayes remain dangerous to pedestrians (likely due to a failure of drivers to yield right of way). Meanwhile, incidents on residential streets have remained minimal despite concerns over a growing traffic presence caused by ride sharing services, navigation apps (e.g., Waze), among other factors.
These data point to an overall increase in safety corresponding with safety measures put in place over the last five years (e.g., protected bike lanes, bulb-outs, pedestrian refuges). Continued engineering and education, paired with increased enforcement, will support NOPNA’s priority of making NOPA a safe and welcome destination for all residents and visitors.
Note: Partial data is available for 2017 though NOPNA felt it was not sufficient for a year by year analysis.
Graph 1: Collisions in our neighborhood over the years. (Area bounded by Divisadero, Masonic, Fell, and Turk) Source: SF Department of Public Health
Table 1: Total Collisions from 2005-2017 (Numbers in parentheses show collision total for 2016 and 2017)
Articles, NOPNA
Safety – By the Numbers
June 25, 2017 julianmackie
(This article appeared appeared in NOPNA’s June / July Edition which can be located here)
On busy nights, Divisidero, Masonic, and other NOPA streets are filled to the brim with tourists, date-goers, bike-commuters, and families. With so many pedestrians and bikers on the road, it’s no surprise that traffic safety is a major concern (only confirmed by the recent VisionZero Survey). However, the traffic data needed to pinpoint major hazards and therefore to give insight into necessary safety solutions has been scarce – until now.
NOPNA recently analyzed traffic data provided by the city dating back to 2005. Although collisions have dropped by 40% from 2012-2015 (around 12% a year), pedestrian and bike collisions remain a major concern – 40% of all collisions in the last 12 years have involved either a pedestrian or bicyclist.
Of the 74 collisions involving pedestrians, most occurred in a crosswalk with 70% of those caused by a failure by the driver to yield right of way to the pedestrian. Predictably, the most common intersections for these collisions were popular pedestrian areas – Divisidero between Fell and Turk or Masonic between Fell and Hayes. For bikers, most collisions occurred at stoplights with Masonic and Fell Streets as the most common locations.
Though reminders to look both ways before crossing may seem tired, vigilance remains the most important deterrent of traffic collisions. As our neighborhood continues to grow in popularity, and the number of bikers and pedestrians rise, NOPNA will continue to look at additional safety improvements to slow traffic, protect intersections, and deter other forms of unsafe driving.
Source: City of San Francisco, Traffic Data, 2005-2015
About this Site
This is my personal blog. I write about current events, workforce development, and all things NOPA / San Francisco. All views my own.
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Blogging is an opportunity for authors to connect with readers. Despite being writers, blogging is an entirely different style of writing and often stumps us. To help our authors blog consistently, thoughtfully and with purpose, Marketing for Romance Writers is announcing the 2018 Blog Challenge. Each week, authors use our writing prompt to create a meaningful blog post. We'll be posting every Friday... join us as often as possible.
All authors with blogs are welcome to participate. It's very simple!
Sign up in the comments below to commit to the challenge. You will be "buddied" up with another author for support.
Copy the badge onto your blog's sidebar. Share it on your social media networks. Be sure to link it back to this page.
Write your weekly blog post based on the given prompt. Use #MFRWauthor in your title, and be original - don't use "week 2 of 52-week challenge" because that is not unique and won't drive readers to your post.
Make it easier for other bloggers to share your post by writing your blog title in third person or adding your name versus using "I", "me," "my" or "mine." (e.g., Instead of putting "What I learned from my worst review," say something like "What one snarky romance writer learned from her worst review."
Return to the MFRW Marketing Blog weekly to add your blog post to the linky list. This will be available each Tuesday for that week's posts. When adding your link, use the post's direct link - not your blog home page.
Posted by Kathryn R. Blake at 3:00 AM No comments:
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Labels: Blog Challenge, blogging, Marketing for Romance Writers
Tuesday, January 8, 2019
Week 2 - MFRW 52-week blog challenge participants #MFRWAuthor
Join us for week 2
Week 2: Childhood Memories - A walk back in time
Blogging is an opportunity for authors to connect with readers. Despite being writers, blogging is an entirely different style of writing and often stumps us. To help our authors blog consistently, thoughtfully and with purpose, Marketing for Romance Writers is announcing the 2018 Blog Challenge. Each week, authors use our writing prompt to create a meaningful blog post. We'll be posting every Friday... join us as often as possible.
All authors with blogs are welcome to participate. It's very simple!
Sign up in the comments below to commit to the challenge. You will be "buddied" up with another author for support.
Copy the badge onto your blog's sidebar. Share it on your social media networks. Be sure to link it back to this page.
Write your weekly blog post based on the given prompt. Use #MFRWauthor in your title, and be original - don't use "week 2 of 52-week challenge" because that is not unique and won't drive readers to your post.
Make it easier for other bloggers to share your post by writing your blog title in third person or adding your name versus using "I", "me," "my" or "mine." (e.g., Instead of putting "What I learned from my worst review," say something like "What one snarky romance writer learned from her worst review."
Return to the MFRW Marketing Blog weekly to add your blog post to the linky list. This will be available each Tuesday for that week's posts. When adding your link, use the post's direct link - not your blog home page.
Posted by Kathryn R. Blake at 3:00 AM No comments:
Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest
Labels: Blog Challenge, blogging, Marketing for Romance Writers
Tuesday, January 1, 2019
Week 1 - MFRW 52-week blog challenge participants #MFRWAuthor
Join us for week 1
Week 1: Writing - Doing it for fun, profit or other?
Blogging is an opportunity for authors to connect with readers. Despite being writers, blogging is an entirely different style of writing and often stumps us. To help our authors blog consistently, thoughtfully and with purpose, Marketing for Romance Writers is announcing the 2018 Blog Challenge. Each week, authors use our writing prompt to create a meaningful blog post. We'll be posting every Friday... join us as often as possible.
All authors with blogs are welcome to participate. It's very simple!
Sign up in the comments below to commit to the challenge. You will be "buddied" up with another author for support.
Copy the badge onto your blog's sidebar. Share it on your social media networks. Be sure to link it back to this page.
Write your weekly blog post based on the given prompt. Use #MFRWauthor in your title, and be original - don't use "week 2 of 52-week challenge" because that is not unique and won't drive readers to your post.
Make it easier for other bloggers to share your post by writing your blog title in third person or adding your name versus using "I", "me," "my" or "mine." (e.g., Instead of putting "What I learned from my worst review," say something like "What one snarky romance writer learned from her worst review."
Return to the MFRW Marketing Blog weekly to add your blog post to the linky list. This will be available each Tuesday for that week's posts. When adding your link, use the post's direct link - not your blog home page.
Posted by Kathryn R. Blake at 3:00 AM 10 comments:
Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest
Labels: Blog Challenge, blogging, Marketing for Romance Writers
Tuesday, December 25, 2018
Week 52 - MFRW 52-week blog challenge participants #MFRWAuthor
Join us for week 52
Week 52: My Wedding Disaster
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Blogging is an opportunity for authors to connect with readers. Despite being writers, blogging is an entirely different style of writing and often stumps us. To help our authors blog consistently, thoughtfully and with purpose, Marketing for Romance Writers is announcing the 2018 Blog Challenge. Each week, authors use our writing prompt to create a meaningful blog post. We'll be posting every Friday... join us as often as possible.
All authors with blogs are welcome to participate. It's very simple!
Sign up in the comments below to commit to the challenge. You will be "buddied" up with another author for support.
Copy the badge onto your blog's sidebar. Share it on your social media networks. Be sure to link it back to this page.
Write your weekly blog post based on the given prompt. Use #MFRWauthor in your title, and be original - don't use "week 2 of 52-week challenge" because that is not unique and won't drive readers to your post.
Make it easier for other bloggers to share your post by writing your blog title in third person or adding your name versus using "I", "me," "my" or "mine." (e.g., Instead of putting "What I learned from my worst review," say something like "What one snarky romance writer learned from her worst review."
Return to the MFRW Marketing Blog weekly to add your blog post to the linky list. This will be available each Tuesday for that week's posts. When adding your link, use the post's direct link - not your blog home page.
Posted by Kathryn R. Blake at 3:00 AM No comments:
Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest
Labels: Blog Challenge, blogging, Marketing for Romance Writers
Tuesday, December 18, 2018
Week 51 - MFRW 52-week blog challenge participants #MFRWAuthor
Join us for week 51
Week 51: My Fantasy Vacation
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Blogging is an opportunity for authors to connect with readers. Despite being writers, blogging is an entirely different style of writing and often stumps us. To help our authors blog consistently, thoughtfully and with purpose, Marketing for Romance Writers is announcing the 2018 Blog Challenge. Each week, authors use our writing prompt to create a meaningful blog post. We'll be posting every Friday... join us as often as possible.
All authors with blogs are welcome to participate. It's very simple!
Sign up in the comments below to commit to the challenge. You will be "buddied" up with another author for support.
Copy the badge onto your blog's sidebar. Share it on your social media networks. Be sure to link it back to this page.
Write your weekly blog post based on the given prompt. Use #MFRWauthor in your title, and be original - don't use "week 2 of 52-week challenge" because that is not unique and won't drive readers to your post.
Make it easier for other bloggers to share your post by writing your blog title in third person or adding your name versus using "I", "me," "my" or "mine." (e.g., Instead of putting "What I learned from my worst review," say something like "What one snarky romance writer learned from her worst review."
Return to the MFRW Marketing Blog weekly to add your blog post to the linky list. This will be available each Tuesday for that week's posts. When adding your link, use the post's direct link - not your blog home page.
Posted by Kathryn R. Blake at 3:00 AM No comments:
Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest
Labels: Blog Challenge, blogging, Marketing for Romance Writers
Tuesday, December 11, 2018
Week 50 - MFRW 52-week Blog Challenge Participants #MFRWAuthor
Join us for week 50
Week 50: I'm Grateful For
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Blogging is an opportunity for authors to connect with readers. Despite being writers, blogging is an entirely different style of writing and often stumps us. To help our authors blog consistently, thoughtfully and with purpose, Marketing for Romance Writers is announcing the 2018 Blog Challenge. Each week, authors use our writing prompt to create a meaningful blog post. We'll be posting every Friday... join us as often as possible.
All authors with blogs are welcome to participate. It's very simple!
Sign up in the comments below to commit to the challenge. You will be "buddied" up with another author for support.
Copy the badge onto your blog's sidebar. Share it on your social media networks. Be sure to link it back to this page.
Write your weekly blog post based on the given prompt. Use #MFRWauthor in your title, and be original - don't use "week 2 of 52-week challenge" because that is not unique and won't drive readers to your post.
Make it easier for other bloggers to share your post by writing your blog title in third person or adding your name versus using "I", "me," "my" or "mine." (e.g., Instead of putting "What I learned from my worst review," say something like "What one snarky romance writer learned from her worst review."
Return to the MFRW Marketing Blog weekly to add your blog post to the linky list. This will be available each Tuesday for that week's posts. When adding your link, use the post's direct link - not your blog home page.
Posted by Kathryn R. Blake at 1:03 PM No comments:
Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest
Labels: Blog Challenge, blogging, Marketing for Romance Writers
Tuesday, December 4, 2018
Week 49 - MFRW 52-week Blog Challenge Participants #MFRWAuthor
Join us for week 49
Week 49: The Best Dish I Cook (share recipe)
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Blogging is an opportunity for authors to connect with readers. Despite being writers, blogging is an entirely different style of writing and often stumps us. To help our authors blog consistently, thoughtfully and with purpose, Marketing for Romance Writers is announcing the 2018 Blog Challenge. Each week, authors use our writing prompt to create a meaningful blog post. We'll be posting every Friday... join us as often as possible.
All authors with blogs are welcome to participate. It's very simple!
Sign up in the comments below to commit to the challenge. You will be "buddied" up with another author for support.
Copy the badge onto your blog's sidebar. Share it on your social media networks. Be sure to link it back to this page.
Write your weekly blog post based on the given prompt. Use #MFRWauthor in your title, and be original - don't use "week 2 of 52-week challenge" because that is not unique and won't drive readers to your post.
Make it easier for other bloggers to share your post by writing your blog title in third person or adding your name versus using "I", "me," "my" or "mine." (e.g., Instead of putting "What I learned from my worst review," say something like "What one snarky romance writer learned from her worst review."
Return to the MFRW Marketing Blog weekly to add your blog post to the linky list. This will be available each Tuesday for that week's posts. When adding your link, use the post's direct link - not your blog home page.
Posted by Kathryn R. Blake at 3:00 AM No comments:
Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest
Labels: Blog Challenge, blogging, Marketing for Romance Writers
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About MFRW Authors
MFRW Author Blog is home to members of the Marketing for Romance Writers Yahoo! Group. We created this blog for our readers, and each other. On the Yahoo Group, we discuss ways to advance our careers, brainstorm ideas, get feedback, and find others interested in promo. This is our creative outlet. Here, we share our promos, blog hops, chats, contests, workshops, excerpts, and book releases. Interested in promoting with us? Visit our group, noted below.
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Lockdown-Free Florida Is Top Vacation Spot For Holidays, Especially MiamiIf Miami streets, restaurants, and beaches seem a bit more crowded, it's because they are. Miami is one of the top search destinations on travel websites and statewide, Florida had 32.5 million travelers from July to September of this year, exceeding the number of visitors during that period in pre-pandemic 2019, Gov. Ron DeSantis said recently.
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Guide To Having Safe Drinking Water After A Storm
June 21, 2011 at 12:08 pm
Filed Under:Bottled Water, Hot Water Heater, Household Bleach, Hurricane, Hurricane Preps, ICE, Juge, Landfall, Supply, Water, Water Cooler
MIAMI (CBS4) – Water is the one hurricane supply you can’t live without. Before a storm approaches, or makes landfall, you should have a plan set in place so you won’t run dry after the storm. You’ve seen the lines of people waiting for drinking water, but there is simply no need for that. A little planning means you can have all the drinking water you need, for free.
The main thing to remember is to know how much drinking water you will need if the water supply is tainted.
You need 5 gallons for each person in your home to cover the 72 hours, or 3 days, you could be without water.You may be without air conditioning, and the heat could make you want more water.
You will also need another 2 to 3 gallons for each pet/animal you own.
Clean all bottles before using them to store water. Use a solution of a gallon of water and a tablespoon of unscented household bleach and rinse well before filling.
2 liter soda bottles work well for emergency water, but should be used for one season and then recycled
An item you may consider are collapsible water bags, which you can pick up from a camping supply store. They store up to 5 gallons of water and collapse after use.
If you need to clean one of the collapsible bags, fill it about half way and add a teaspoon of non-chlorinated bleach. Then, swish the mixture around in the bag, and then rinse thoroughly.
The bags can be stored in a freezer where they will conform to the size of your freezer. They will also keep frozen foods colder for a longer period of time. Bottles may also be frozen and used to keep your freezer and refrigerator cool longer when the power goes out.
Important Note: water expands as it is frozen. Therefore, only fill items headed for the freezer about 90 percent full.
Water can be stored in your bathtub. Clean the tub well, and cover the drain with plastic wrap to seal it, before filling.
If you prefer to purchase water, buy 5 gallon jugs. You can purchase an inexpensive non-electric dispenser which makes the jugs easy to use.
Bottled water is OK, but remember to stock up early. It’s one of the first things to go in a pre-hurricane rush.
Water from your Hot Water heater may be used, but only as a last resort. Any water you use from the tap, if available, should be boiled briskly or purified with a few drops of unscented household bleach per gallon. Let the water sit for a while after adding bleach. Even without an official boil water order, it’s safer to assume it needs to be purified until the all-clear is sounded.
If you have power, be wary of ice makers, either at home or at restaurants, until the all-clear is sounded for the water supply. The ice could have been made with tainted water.
These simple suggestions should keep you hydrated during and after a hurricane.
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PIX: Freedom For Cuba RallyHundreds of demonstrators gathered in downtown Miami to call for change in Cuba.
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Dolphins Dominate Depleted Giants 20-9 For 5th Straight WinThe Dolphins did to a depleted, bad football team what a good team should do.
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Florida Panthers Find Ways To Rally Again, Top Blues 4-3 In ShootoutSam Reinhart and Anton Lundell scored in the shootout, and the Florida Panthers continued their string of comebacks by rallying from three one-goal deficits to beat the St. Louis Blues 4-3 on Saturday.
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Register Here For The CBS4 Sunday Morning Science Lab ContestKnow a student who loves science and has a cool and innovative STEM project to show off? Register them for the CBS4 Sunday Morning Science Lab Contest for a chance to be featured on a Sunday CBS4 This Morning Newscast to discuss and display the project.
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Hello blog friends! How are you doing? I hope you’re doing well. Today is time for the 5th monthly Wellness Weekend link-up in 2020. The optional prompt is Commitment.
In this post, I’m sharing how I keep my commitment to stay fit and have fun before and during the current COVID-19 global pandemic. Yes, the Fun factor keeps the commitment alive. Let’s start with what Commitment means.
The Definition of Commitment
According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, Commitment means:
a promise or firm decision to do something.
willingness to give your time and energy to a job, activity, or something that you believe in.
something that you must do or deal with that takes your time.
Committing to a Wellness Journey
I make a commitment to carry out a balanced wellness routine for my mind and body because I believe good health is essential to enjoy life. I have many ideas to live an enriched explorer’s life. I want to realize as many of them as possible.
I adjust my wellness routine whenever it is necessary such as when I travel, or as I age, or during the current physical/ social distancing situation. All along, I make sure to have fun in my routine.
In case you’re interested in knowing more about me and my wellness journey, I’m listing two guest posts and one page that I’ve written before:
Living a Car-Free Lifestyle guest post on my blogger friend Donna’s Retirement Reflections blog.
Thriving by Diversifying Fun and Wellness Activities guest post on my blogger friend Sue’s Sizzling Towards 60 & Beyond blog.
The Wellness page on my blog.
Staying Fit While Physical/ Social Distancing
Working out, meditating, and practicing yoga are three of the few things we can do at home and they’re great for our physical and mental health. In my city, during the lockdown phase, we can go outside for walks to exercise so here’s what I’ve been doing for my wellness since mid-March:
Smile greeting and meditation at home: daily.
Walking outdoors: Monday to Friday. Sunday is optional. No walking on Saturday as it’s the busier day in my neighbourhood.
Strengthening workouts at home: Monday, Wednesday, Friday.
Yoga at home: Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday.
The good news is we can get a good workout including strength training with minimal or no equipment. I allocate a small area in my home for my workouts and yoga practice. I use a chair, a resistance band, my own body weight, and my yoga mat.
If you recently start or resume doing exercises and you have your doctor’s approval to proceed, my suggestion is to start off small, build up over time, and track your progress. The gradual process prevents injuries and soreness. It also builds your confidence and good healthy habits for the long term.
If you’ve been good at regular exercising, keep it interesting. Complacency and repetition lead to boredom or plateau and make our workouts less effective. Some of the ways to spice up our workouts include: increase number of repetitions, change the sequence of exercises or the exercises themselves or the play list or the video, or add something new. The possibilities are endless.
Having Fun While Staying Fit
The Fun factor is important to keep me committed to my wellness routine. When I walk outside, I change my route frequently, I look at public art or nature and enjoy my time outdoors. I make it count.
I recently tried Chloe Bent’s Dance Cardio Workout video. Chloe is a CanFitPro certified Group Fitness Instructor in Canada. The video is one of five videos in the Fit Class Live series released in 2018.
What I like about this dance cardio workout is that it’s 20 minutes long, it’s fun, there is no rule, no equipment required, I learn something new, I do it at my own pace, I make up some moves, I enjoy the music, and I smile. Chloe is clear, energetic, and friendly, and one of her teammates shows the low impact version.
There are no affiliated links on my blog. If you’re looking for something fun to freshen up your fitness routine, click here to try Chloe Bent’s Dance Cardio workout on YouTube. Skip the ad and dance like no one is watching!
When was the last time you danced and smiled? I’d love to hear your comments.
Click here to join the May 2020 Wellness Weekend link-up.
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80 thoughts on “Committing to Stay Fit and Have Fun”
restlessjo May 17, 2020 / 2:51 am
I do love a dance, Natalie! I was still on my first cup of coffee when I put the video on but I’ll come back to it. What a lovely personality she has 🙂 🙂 Thanks for sharing!
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 2:41 pm
Hi Jo, Dancing is fun and good for our mind and body. We can choose the music and dance we like. The dance in the video is just one example. I hope you have a good time if you try it. Thank you for stopping by. Have a wonderful week!
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Jennifer Jones May 17, 2020 / 3:00 am
Great tips here Natalie. I do agree that fun must be involved for commitment to happen. I’m going to check out the cardio dance link. I always loved cardio dance but haven’t done it for a while
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 2:43 pm
Hi Jennifer, I hope you give the dance cardio workout video a go and let me know what you think. Thank you for joining me on this Wellness Weekend link-up. Have a wonderful week!
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Jill Weatherholt May 17, 2020 / 7:05 am
Thanks for sharing the cardio link, Natalie. I love to dance! Gorgeous photo of the walking trail. Enjoy your day!
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 2:47 pm
You’re welcome, Jill. The video is only 20 minutes so not too long of a time commitment 🙂 There are all kinds of music and dances that we can do. We choose! I took that photo of the walking trail in Ecuador when I was hiking there in December. It was a glorious hike. Have a wonderful Sunday and upcoming week!
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Suzanne@PictureRetirement May 17, 2020 / 8:05 am
Natalie, I used to take a Zumba class and loved it. Will check out the video. Adding variety to avoid complacency is good advice!
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 3:25 pm
Hi Suzanne, Zumba sounds like a lot of fun. There are Zumba videos on YouTube, too. Dancing is a great stress reliever. I hope you give the dance cardio workout a try and let me know what you think. We can choose the music and dance moves and just have a good time.
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dprastka May 17, 2020 / 8:53 am
Great advice, and I’ll have to check out the dance video. I’m not one for that kind of exercise, but there’s a fist time for everything! Thanks for sharing, 😀 ~Diana
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 3:27 pm
That’s the spirit, Diana. Try something new once in a while. The good news is we can choose the music and dance moves we like, and have fun. Thank you for stopping by. Have a wonderful week!
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Erica/Erika May 17, 2020 / 10:42 am
Good morning, Natalie, I agree with the Fun factor with fitness activities. You make great points, especially being prepared to adjust our fitness routine throughout life.
I incorporated weight training many years ago since I was having increased aches and pains working twelve hour days at my job. I have free weights at home, plus other forms of strength training. A significant improvement in my health. As you know, mixing it up is very beneficial when strength training. A great post! Thank you for sharing. ‘Keep dancing as if no one is watching.’ xx
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 3:37 pm
Hi Erica/ Erika, Good for you for incorporating weight and strength training to improve your health. Mixing up the exercises keep our mind engaged and use different muscles. Dancing is fun and it’s great for body toning. I love it 🙂
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Erica/Erika May 20, 2020 / 9:31 pm
Hi Natalie, I am revisiting with #MLSTL and sharing on SM 🙂
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Natalie May 21, 2020 / 10:09 am
Thank you, Erica/ Erika. Have a great day and weekend!
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Sagittarius Viking May 17, 2020 / 11:39 am
I really enjoy reading your positive balanced posts! I try to stay fit by adding exercise to my daily routine as well. I walk a lot, do yoga in the morning and evening while I am getting ready, and I have gymnastics with the kids at work several days a week, and I also play soccer and other games with my students. In the weekends my daughter and I like to go for hikes. We can just walk out the door, m and access many different hiking trails, with around lakes, and in forests by just walking there. This morning I packed our backpacks with a picnic lunch and we asked up the hiking trails in the forest behind our house. It was wonderful, we got both exercise and fresh air. WE said hello to two elderly people at a distance, besides that we didn’t see anyone. Thank you for a beautiful post!
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 3:44 pm
Thank you, Maria, for your kind comment. I’m glad you enjoy my posts. It’s great that you’re staying active with various types of movements and taking your daughter with you for hikes and such. Your area sounds like a hiker’s paradise. I’d take advantage of what nature offers if I lived there. Have a wonderful week!
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Sagittarius Viking May 20, 2020 / 7:01 am
Thank you! It’s the best thing we can do, take asvantage of what’s available locally
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Joanne May 17, 2020 / 3:18 pm
Those dance routines sound so fun! I really need to try something like that as I definitely need more motivation to do other exercises besides walking and hiking.
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 3:49 pm
Hi Joanne, The dance routines are fun and many dance videos are available on YouTube. I hope you give it a try and let me know what you think. I like that dancing can be a solo activity, a couple activity or family activity. Thank you for joining me on this Wellness Weekend link-up. The next link up is on June 21. Optional prompt Mind exercise. Hope you join again. Have a wonderful week!
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Retirement Reflections May 17, 2020 / 3:28 pm
HI, Natalie – Thank you for this important reminder. I agree that commitment is more important now than ever, espeically since many ‘commitments’ have fallen off of our calendars during the past two months.
You’ve inspired me!
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 3:58 pm
Hi Donna, This COVID-19 virus has turned many plans upside down but it has also been an important reminder that we need to stay fit and maintain a strong immune system. I’m humbled to have inspired you. Have a wonderful Sunday and upcoming week!
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Antoinette Truglio Martin May 17, 2020 / 4:21 pm
Great attitude and advice Natalie. Thanks for the coffee.
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 5:33 pm
Thank you, Antoinette, for your kind comment. I greatly appreciate it. Have a great week next week!
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Gary A Wilson May 17, 2020 / 6:00 pm
Hi Natalie, your photos sure bring out the best in Toronto. You always make me miss it. Blessings.
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 7:30 pm
Thank you, Gary, for your comment. I greatly appreciate it.
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Lydia C. Lee May 17, 2020 / 6:03 pm
You won me over! I’m going to do the dance cardio this morning! #Lifethisweek
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 7:32 pm
Excellent! I’d love to hear what you think of the dance cardio workout. It’s 20 minutes so no big time commitment there.
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Lydia C. Lee May 19, 2020 / 5:13 pm
Sharing for #MSTL
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Natalie May 19, 2020 / 8:06 pm
Thanks, Lydia. Have a wonderful week!
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Sydney Shop Girl May 17, 2020 / 8:16 pm
Natalie, so true. Fun and flexibiltiy are key when it comes to fitness. I’ve been adding pilates and power walks to my weekly routine. It has kept me motivated as I find them challenging in different ways to what I usually do for fitness.
SSG xxx
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 9:26 pm
Yep, got to keep it fresh, fun, and challenging, not too hard but enough to stretch our mind and body. Good for you to add pilates and power walks. I mix them in my walks and workouts, too.
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Jo May 17, 2020 / 8:23 pm
I have to say, I love dancing around the house – even if they are watching and shaking their heads. The other day I was at the stove and stirring a curry and bopping along to something or the other. I’d forgotten though that the neighbours over the back fence had cut their hedge down during the week and can now see into our window. Oh well.
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 9:32 pm
Good for you, Jo. Dancing is such a great stress reliever and fun with upbeat music on. Keep on dancing and smiling.
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Jo May 18, 2020 / 6:24 pm
and right back at you Natalie! Here’s to a great week.
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Deborah May 17, 2020 / 9:11 pm
So many great ideas…. I was going to try to do some Fitness Marshall YouTube videos but haven’t got around to it.
My goal fitness-wise for this week was to try to do more steps and I’ve proudly hit my 5000 step target every day except one.
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 9:38 pm
Right on and congrats on hitting your step target! Give yourself a big pat on the back and keep it up. There are some good videos on YouTube. Different instructors bring different styles to the workout.
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Laurie May 17, 2020 / 9:43 pm
Natalie, I agree with you 100% that we must keep it fun to keep our fitness commitment. I am a runner. I like to mix up my running routine, varying the distance, speed, and (most of all) the routes I take. I also love to include trail running once or twice a week just to give myself a little more variety. This time of year is a wonderful time to run trails. The woods near my house are so pretty and I can hear birds singing as I run. I also bike and do yoga. I must check out the dance video. Thanks for sharing. I can’t remember the last time I danced and smiled! 🙂
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 10:27 pm
Laurie, Your area sounds like a runner’s and hiker’s dream. There are so many types of activities that we can do to stay fit and have fun. Spring and fall are great seasons for running and biking. Thanks for sharing your experiences. It’s motivating to hear from active people.
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leannelc May 17, 2020 / 10:29 pm
Hi Natalie – you’re doing so well to keep your exercise program fresh and fun. Loved the idea of you grooving away in those dance classes (I’ll have to check out the link) I have zero coordination when it comes to dancercise so I’ll probably stick with my walking. The weather here has been perfect for taking long walks and bike rides and making the most of it before winter sets in.
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Natalie May 17, 2020 / 10:38 pm
Hi Leanne, Spring and fall are great for long walks and cycling. Good for you for doing them. With this dance video, it’s easy to do freestyle, whatever works. It’s just 20 minutes long so I use it to spice up my usual workout routine and have a good time.
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leannelc May 20, 2020 / 12:47 am
Hi Natalie – just back for #MLSTL and to say I’ve shared this on my SM x
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Natalie May 20, 2020 / 11:28 am
Thank you, Leanne. Have a wonderful week!
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Sanch @ Sanch Writes May 18, 2020 / 2:18 am
I love that you have made this a priority during these tough times. Variety is the key to keeping motivated to exercise I find. I’m not much of a dancer though but I’ve been trying to find different fitness challenges and different ways of mixing up my strength training.
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Natalie May 18, 2020 / 11:57 am
Thank you, Sanch, for your comment. Good for you to have variety to keep your fitness routine fresh. Staying fit has always been my priority. The dance video is about keeping my mind open to try something new. I had a good time and that’s a nice bonus.
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Pamela Graham May 18, 2020 / 5:56 am
I love the Silver Swans ballet routine from the Royal Ballet in the UK. Now online for the over 50’s, makes me feel young and svelte what could be better!
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Natalie May 18, 2020 / 12:03 pm
Thank you, Pamela, for mentioning the online Silver Swans ballet routine. Dancing does make us feel young and offers many benefits to our body overall conditioning.
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Enda Sheppard (@endas1896) May 18, 2020 / 10:31 am
No Dad Dancing in this little corner of the universe, I’m afraid, Natalie!! Walking the dogs and kicking football badly with my son will have to suffice! #SeniSal
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Natalie May 18, 2020 / 12:12 pm
Thank you, Enda, for your comment. Dog walking and soccer are great activities that get you outside and have fun. Maybe a family dance party on a rainy day, have your son create the playlist and let him show off his best dance moves 🙂
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trentpmcd May 18, 2020 / 6:55 pm
Exercise is even more important at times like these than when we are very active with normal life. A few years ago I bought some dumbbells, a bench and a good book, so i do my strength exercises a couple of times a week at home, as well as a lot of daily walking and my three times a week runs… So, yep, firm commitment here.
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Natalie May 18, 2020 / 7:54 pm
That’s great to hear, Trent. Once a healthy routine is set, it’s a part of our day to look forward to. I can relate to the healthy feeling after a run or a walk in the woods. Plus Cape Cod is really a slice of paradise. I agree with you that exercise is even more important at times like these than when life is stable.
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A. May 18, 2020 / 7:38 pm
I’ve been so inconsistent about working out the past couple of months. Your post made me miss doing yoga. I think I’ll start again but really commit this time. I think working out during these weird times can help so much, not just physically but mentally as well. Great post. 🙂
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Natalie May 18, 2020 / 7:58 pm
Thank you A. for your visit and comment. I hope you start yoga again. It doesn’t matter if you practice for 10 minutes/ day or longer. At the beginning or when you resume after an absence, it’s all about forming good habits. YouTube has a series of Yoga with Adriene videos that are very popular. You can do one video per day and since it’s a video, you can pause and replay any time.
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A. May 18, 2020 / 8:07 pm
Those are the videos that I found this past weekend when I was looking for a new routine! If that ain’t a sign… 😅
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patwdoyle11 May 19, 2020 / 10:40 am
I was just thinking yesterday that I needed to find an on-line dance fitness thing and there you go – Boom! My friend who was doing her classes live is returning to her in-studio… which is not convenient, nor am I willing to go to that level of connectivity yet. (Everyone has their own risk level tolerance, i’ve found). Thanks for the link and I will be checking it out… when my friend’s not longer on line with her’s.
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Natalie May 19, 2020 / 11:20 am
Hi Pat, Are we telepathic or what 🙂 I hope you try Chloe’s video and let me know what you think. Different instructors bring different styles to the workout. The main thing is to move our body and have fun in the process, and at 20 minutes, we can do it!
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Nancy Andres May 19, 2020 / 7:12 pm
Hi Natalie, I just read about a study that shows if we do things that are fun and gratify us immediately we are more likely to keep up the commitment to it. That’s an important reason why I attend #MLSTL. So many wise words, helpful suggestions, and posts that bring me pleasure. Will reshare and wish you a lovely day.
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Natalie May 19, 2020 / 8:10 pm
Thank you, Nancy, for your comment. I’m glad to hear a study has backed up what I’ve been doing. Stay safe and well!
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Sue from Sizzling Towards 60 & Beyond May 20, 2020 / 12:31 am
Hi Natalie I do love dancing and a Dance Cardio session sounds perfect to me. I recently gave one of these sessions as an assignment for my Fitness certification. I did it through Zoom and had 8 attendees and it was so much fun. Thanks for hosting Wellness Weekend and you are one of the most committed people I know. Thank you also for sharing at #MLSTL and have a great week. xx
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Natalie May 20, 2020 / 11:20 am
Congrats, Sue, for not only giving a dance cardio session as an assignment but also tackling it using Zoom during the pandemic. Thank you for linking up with me on this Wellness Weekend. It’s motivating to hear from active people like you. The next WW2020 link up is on June 21. Optional prompt Mind exercise. I hope to see you there.
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Denyse Whelan May 20, 2020 / 1:48 am
Your commitment and dedication to wellness is to be applauded. Well-done on the flexible approach during COVID..which I suspect will be the constant theme until a vaccine is eventually developed and available.
Thank you for linking up for Life This Week. Next week the optional prompt is 21/51 Self-Care Stories. #3. 25.5.2020 But I will take the chance to add another chapter in Telling My Story. Hope to see you there too. Denyse.
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Natalie May 20, 2020 / 11:22 am
Thank you, Denyse, for your comment. Yes, flexibility looks like a constant theme for a while. I look forward to joining your LTW link-up next week.
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Veronica @ The Burgeoning Bookshelf May 20, 2020 / 2:53 am
I definitely need to focus on my fitness a lot more. Yoga once a week and the occasional walk doesn’t cut it anymore. I like your idea of having fun while staying fit.
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Natalie May 20, 2020 / 11:27 am
Thank you, Veronica, for your visit and comment. A gradual increase of frequency or intensity of our fitness activity improves our fitness level. Having fun is important to make us stick to fitness activities. Have a wonderful week!
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Min Write of the Middle May 20, 2020 / 6:55 pm
You’re very inspiring Natalie! I am always impressed by your commitment to your health and wellbeing at all levels. I can get a bit slack. I am walking but not every day. I miss my pilates but that’s a no go right now. I have a yoga mat and would love to do yoga at home but get put off by apps that cost money to use. Love the sound of that dance class. I’ll have to check out that link! xo
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Natalie May 20, 2020 / 7:59 pm
Hi Min, Check out Yoga with Adriene on YouTube. It’s free and there are many 20 to 25 minutes videos or a 30-day series that you can do in a month. I’d love to know what you think of the dance workout or the yoga videos if you try them. Thank you for stopping by.
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BoomingOn May 21, 2020 / 10:15 pm
ooh, yes I really do need to make more of an effort to exercise more now that the gym’s closed. Tomorrow!!! Thanks for the reminder.
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Natalie May 22, 2020 / 8:59 am
You’re welcome, Christine. Start off small and build up. You’ll feel stronger with regular exercising. Have a wonderful week!
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Frank Hubeny May 25, 2020 / 10:54 am
I’ve never been able to do dance cardio for long, but I could walk for miles along that trail in your first photo.
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Natalie May 25, 2020 / 12:04 pm
Hi Frank, That is a glorious trail and it leads to a beautiful waterfall. The dance cardio video is only 20 minutes long and of course, I can pause or replay any time 🙂 Thank you for stopping by. Have a wonderful week!
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dawnkinster May 25, 2020 / 2:51 pm
I went and read your article in Sizzling toward 60, great piece! I think I have been hibernating a bit since I retired. Maybe I need to get moving in different ways to expand my horizons!
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Natalie May 25, 2020 / 3:02 pm
Hi Dawn, Thank you for reading my guest post on Sue’s blog. We humans tend to get into a rut so we have to make an effort to do something new once in a while. I think the key is to choose something fun and make small changes in small increments so our mind and body are engaged without feeling overwhelmed.
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Leanne @ Deep Fried Fruit May 27, 2020 / 3:37 pm
I’m loving my walks. Living in a new area means so many news things to see.
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Natalie May 27, 2020 / 5:26 pm
Walking keeps you fit while getting to know your neighbourhood better. It’s a win-win!
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mindbeautysimplicity July 22, 2020 / 10:09 pm
I’m also on a wellness journey. Trying to eat more greens & exercise in some way each day. Covid also taught me I don’t need a lot to be happy. Here’s the post if you are interested. 🌿⬇️
https://mindbeautysimplicity.wordpress.com/2020/07/20/you-are-not-defined-by-your-possessions/
– B
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Natalie July 23, 2020 / 8:24 am
Thank you, B, for your visit and comment. Sounds like you’ve got a plan. Enjoy your wellness journey!
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S.G. August 24, 2020 / 5:20 pm
I’m really lucky because my retirement community has an outdoor exercise class (limited to 10 people, six feet apart) offered twice a day, six days a week. It’s been wildly popular because it’s the only game in town, ha ha. Gyms are closed in my California county. I hold a yoga teacher certificate so yoga and meditation is always in my repertoire, but I have to get outdoors or I will go insane. I continue to walk, hike, bike and play golf.
Recently, I added water aerobics to my routine as I’m blessed to have a pool in my backyard. I put on music and go to town with water dumbells, and running in the deep end. It’s good for my aging, arthritic joints. With temperatures in the 114* range in my California desert region, my pool has become too hot to go into, believe it or not.
My husband and I play pickleball every Sunday with friends, so we get our human and social connection that way. Without human connection, I’d go insane! Needless to say, I’ve been categorized as an extrovert by the enneagram system, hee hee. I don’t do well with lockdowns or isolation, but I’m doing the best I can by taking it a day at a time, and not letting prayer fall by the wayside.
Thanks for sharing all this great info!
Susan Grace
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Natalie August 24, 2020 / 6:10 pm
Susan Grace, Thank you for your visit and comment. Your community and your fitness routine sound wonderful. Like you, I have to get outdoors to stay sane. Luckily, the weather has been nice where I live so I walk, bike, and paddle regularly. Although the gyms have been allowed to reopen here, I still do my strengthening workouts and practice yoga at home. I’m glad you’ve got the human and social connection while staying safe and well. Have a wonderful week!
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In this Article: Jakobi Meyers JJ Arcega-Whiteside John Hightower Kendrick Bourne New England Patriots NFL Philadelphia Eagles
Patriots Mailbag: Which Eagles Players Could Wind Up In New England?
Plus: Handicapping the Patriots' roster battle at running back
by Zack Cox
August 19
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It’s time for another New England Patriots mailbag.
This week, we dive into the Patriots’ ongoing roster battles at running back and kicker, projections for two front-seven defenders, the latest on New England’s injured star tight ends and fallout from this week’s joint practices with the Philadelphia Eagles ahead of Thursday night’s preseason matchup at Lincoln Financial Field.
Let’s get to it:
@FitzgibbonRoss
Is the gap between Meyers and the rest of the receivers as wide as it seems? Haven’t heard anything about Kendrick Bourne either.
Bourne has actually had a solid camp thus far. He hasn’t been on the receiving end of many highlight-reel receptions, but he’s been consistently productive. His 10 catches (on 11 targets) in competitive team drills this week were the most of any Patriots receiver in Philly, and I had him going 6-2 in 1-on-1s with multiple wins over projected Eagles starter Steven Nelson.
The one issue with Bourne is that he’s still learning the nuances of this complex Patriots offense. His lone incompletion in joint practices came after he appeared to run the wrong route or make the incorrect read, resulting in a miscommunication with quarterback Mac Jones. Early in Tuesday’s practice, receivers coach Mick Lombardi had to correct his alignment during an unopposed 7-on-7 period. Bourne also was disappointed with his performance in last week’s preseason opener, saying he was rushing his routes.
But, again, the ex-49er has looked good overall this summer. He’s been the Patriots’ second-most consistent wideout behind Jakobi Meyers, who raved about Bourne on Tuesday.
“Don’t sleep on KB,” Meyers said. “… The room loves him. The team loves him. He’s a great guy to have on the team.”
@ThemBones24
Which RB?s don’t make team?
I’ve done three 53-man roster projections so far this summer, and I’ve changed my mind at running back each time. I think all six are deserving of roster spots, but the Patriots are unlikely to keep more than five.
The way I view it, they have three options:
1. Cut J.J. Taylor
2. Cut Brandon Bolden
3. Trade Sony Michel
A James White trade also is theoretically possible, but that would be a major surprise.
I had the Patriots cutting Bolden in roster projection 2.0 and trading Michel in 3.0. Now, I’m beginning to lean more toward cutting Taylor and hoping to sneak him onto the practice squad. I expect this opinion to change at least two or three more times before cutdown day.
@patscap
Who are the Eagles that would not surprise you if the Patriots traded for them?
These would be more waiver claims than trade candidates, but I have my eye on young wideouts J.J. Arcega-Whiteside and John Hightower, both of whom are on the Eagles’ roster bubble.
To be clear, Arcega-Whiteside has not been good in his two NFL seasons (14 catches, 254 yards, one touchdown in 24 games), and I’m sure I’ll get roasted on Twitter for even mentioning him here. In fact, he’s probably the second-most disappointing receiver from the 2019 draft class behind N’Keal Harry, who, like Arcega-Whiteside, thrived in contested-catch situations in college but hadn’t seen that translate in the pros.
But Arcega-Whiteside also is a 24-year-old second-round draft pick who could benefit from a change of scenery. And he turned in a couple of positive days against the Patriots’ defense.
JJaw just embarrassed a Patriots DB and got wide open in 1v1 #Eagles
— Eliot Shorr-Parks (@EliotShorrParks) August 16, 2021
JJ Arcega-Whiteside with a leaping catch over 35 in 11 on 11. He?s having a nice practice. Elijah Riley breaks up a pass on the opposite field. #Eagles
— Mike Kaye (@mike_e_kaye) August 16, 2021
2) Tuesday was mostly red zone/goal line work, and JJ Arcega-Whiteside stepped up. He caught a couple of touchdowns from Joe Flacco, including one over Chase Winovich late in the session.
He?s been working a good bit from the slot. Can he make a late push?
— Tim McManus (@Tim_McManus) August 17, 2021
J.J. Arcega-Whiteside has had a good training camp. Catching mostly everything that comes his way and has been good in 1on1s. I think he is having a better camp than Fulgham despite not getting many 1st-team reps. #Eagles
— Eliot Shorr-Parks (@EliotShorrParks) August 17, 2021
If Bill Belichick and his staff liked what they saw from the 6-foot-2, 225-pounder in person, perhaps they’d take a flier on him if Philadelphia cuts him loose.
Hightower had a quiet rookie season (10-137-0 with a miserable 34.5 percent catch rate) but was mentioned as a potential 2020 draft target for the Patriots before Philadelphia grabbed him in the fifth round. The Boise State product is a former track star who tested in the 77th percentile in the 40-yard dash and the 84th percentile in the vertical jump and ran a short shuttle that was fourth-fastest among wideouts at last year’s NFL Scouting Combine.
Those are just two names that come to mind. Members of the Patriots’ scouting department surely had their eyes open over these last few days. New England went on to sign at least one player from each of their last 13 joint practice partners, so odds are high that a current Eagle one day will end up in Foxboro.
@hunter_binks
How’s Jonnu’s recovery process? Same question for Henry.
According to reports, neither injury is considered serious. Jonnu Smith’s reportedly is a low ankle sprain, which typically carries a much shorter recovery time than one of the high ankle variety. Hunter Henry has worn pads to each of the last three practices before splitting off to rehab with strength coach Moses Cabrera, which suggests he isn’t too far from returning. Perhaps he’ll be healthy enough to play a few snaps in next week’s preseason finale against the New York Giants.
At the very least, there seems to be a good chance both are back by the start of the regular season. We’ll have to wait and see how their missed reps ultimately impact the effectiveness of the Patriots’ passing game.
In the meantime, expect to see a ton of Devin Asiasi on Thursday night. With Matt LaCosse also on the mend after getting blown up during Monday’s practice, Asiasi currently is the Patriots’ only healthy tight end.
@julianvannoy
Has Barmore done enough to carve out a legit role for himself ?
If Christian Barmore can stay healthy, I think he’ll definitely have a role this season. He’s bullied people in O-line/D-line 1-on-1s and has see time with the ones in team drills, especially this week with starter Lawrence Guy sidelined. I’m excited to see how the second-round draft pick looks Thursday night, assuming he plays. (He dressed against Washington but didn’t see game action.) Barmore probably will be a rotational piece to start, but he’s shown major potential this summer.
@ChefdDds89
How was Wino looked in his return to practice so far? Is he playing in space at all or only on the edge?
I’ve mostly seen Chase Winovich working on the edge with the second-team defense since he came off the physically unable to perform list on Sunday. He has a lot of ground to make up and a bunch of talented edge rushers above him (Matt Judon, Kyle Van Noy, Josh Uche, etc.). These final two preseason games will be important auditions for him as he looks to prove he deserves defensive playing time.
@MalcolmLeaman
Who will win the kicker job Nordin or Folk?
My pick would by Quinn Nordin. Nick Folk was great last season, but he’s now missed two full weeks of practice with a mysterious injury. Nordin has an undeniable edge in distance and has made 21 of 23 kicks across all full-team scenarios (practice and game) in Folk’s absence. As long he doesn’t implode over these final two preseason games, he has a strong chance of winning the job.
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Many speech processing methods based on deep learning require an automatic and differentiable audio metric for the loss function. The DPAM approach of Manocha et al. learns a full-reference metric trained directly on human judgments, and thus correlates well with human perception. However, it requires a large number of human annotations and does not generalize well outside the range of perturbations on which it was trained. This paper introduces CDPAM, a metric that builds on and advances DPAM. The primary improvement is to combine contrastive learning and multi-dimensional representations to build robust models from limited data. In addition, we collect human judgments on triplet comparisons to improve generalization to a broader range of audio perturbations. CDPAM correlates well with human responses across nine varied datasets. We also show that adding this metric to existing speech synthesis and enhancement methods yields significant improvement, as measured by objective and subjective tests.
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Sparked by the Willems' fundamental lemma, a class of data-driven control methods has been developed for LTI systems. At the same time, the Koopman operator theory attempts to cast a nonlinear control problem into a standard linear one albeit infinite-dimensional. Motivated by these two ideas, a data-driven control scheme for nonlinear systems is proposed in this work. The proposed scheme is compatible with most differential regressors enabling offline learning. In particular, the model uncertainty is considered, enabling a novel data-driven simulation framework based on Wasserstein distance. Numerical experiments are performed with Bayesian neural networks to show the effectiveness of both the proposed control and simulation scheme.
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An accurate and automated tissue segmentation algorithm for retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is crucial for the diagnosis of glaucoma. However, due to the presence of the optic disc, the anatomical structure of the peripapillary region of the retina is complicated and is challenging for segmentation. To address this issue, we developed a novel graph convolutional network (GCN)-assisted two-stage framework to simultaneously label the nine retinal layers and the optic disc. Specifically, a multi-scale global reasoning module is inserted between the encoder and decoder of a U-shape neural network to exploit anatomical prior knowledge and perform spatial reasoning. We conducted experiments on human peripapillary retinal OCT images. The Dice score of the proposed segmentation network is 0.820 ± 0.001 and the pixel accuracy is 0.830 ± 0.002, both of which outperform those from other state-of-the-art techniques.
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Many speech processing methods based on deep learning require an automatic and differentiable audio metric for the loss function. The DPAM approach of Manocha et al. learns a full-reference metric trained directly on human judgments, and thus correlates well with human perception. However, it requires a large number of human annotations and does not generalize well outside the range of perturbations on which it was trained. This paper introduces CDPAM, a metric that builds on and advances DPAM. The primary improvement is to combine contrastive learning and multi-dimensional representations to build robust models from limited data. In addition, we collect human judgments on triplet comparisons to improve generalization to a broader range of audio perturbations. CDPAM correlates well with human responses across nine varied datasets. We also show that adding this metric to existing speech synthesis and enhancement methods yields significant improvement, as measured by objective and subjective tests.
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First Exploration of Ocean Currents Beneath the “Doomsday Glacier” Triggers Concerns
TOPICS:Atmospheric ScienceClimate ChangeClimate ScienceGlacierOceanographyPopularSea LevelUniversity of Gothenburg
By University of Gothenburg April 9, 2021
For the first time, researchers have been able to obtain data from underneath Thwaites Glacier, also known as the “Doomsday Glacier.” They find that the supply of warm water to the glacier is larger than previously thought, triggering concerns of faster melting and accelerating ice flow.
With the help of the uncrewed submarine Ran that made its way under Thwaites glacier front, the researchers have made a number of new discoveries. Professor Karen Heywood of the University of East Anglia commented:
“This was Ran’s first venture to polar regions and her exploration of the waters under the ice shelf was much more successful than we had dared to hope. We plan to build on these exciting findings with further missions under the ice next year.”
The submersible has, among other things, measured the strength, temperature, salinity, and oxygen content of the ocean currents that go under the glacier.
Global sea level is affected by how much ice there is on land, and the biggest uncertainty in the forecasts is the future evolution of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, says Anna Wåhlin, professor of oceanography at the University of Gothenburg and lead author of the new study now published in Science Advances.
Impacts global sea level
The ice sheet in West Antarctica accounts for about ten percent of the current rate of sea level rise; but also the ice in West Antarctica holds the most potential for increasing that rate because the fastest changes worldwide are taking place in the Thwaites Glacier. Due to its location and shape, Thwaites is particularly sensitive to warm and salty ocean currents that are finding their way underneath it.
Photo of the uncrewed submarine Ran. Credit: Filip Stedt
This process can lead to an accelerated melting taking place at the bottom of the glacier and inland movement of the so-called grounding zone, the area where the ice transitions from resting on the seabed to floating in the ocean.
Due to its inaccessible location, far from research stations, in an area that is usually blocked by thick sea ice and many icebergs, there has been a great shortage of in situ measurements from this area. This means that there are big knowledge gaps for the ice-ocean boundary processes in this region.
First measurements performed
In the study, the researchers present the results from the submersible that measured strength, temperature, salinity, and oxygen content of the ocean currents that go under the glacier.
“These were the first measurements ever performed beneath Thwaites glacier,” says Anna Wåhlin.
The results have been used to map the ocean currents underneath the floating part of the glacier. The researchers discovered that there is a deep connection to the east through which deep water flows from Pine Island Bay, a connection that was previously thought to be blocked by an underwater ridge.
The research group has also measured the heat transport in one of the three channels that lead warm water towards Thwaites Glacier from the north. “The channels for warm water to access and attack Thwaites weren’t known to us before the research. Using sonars on the ship, nested with very high-resolution ocean mapping from Ran, we were able to find that there are distinct paths that water takes in and out of the ice shelf cavity, influenced by the geometry of the ocean floor,” says Dr. Alastair Graham, University of Southern Florida.
The value measured there, 0.8 TW, corresponds to a net melting of 75 km3 of ice per year, which is almost as large as the total basal melt in the entire ice shelf. Although the amount of ice that melts as a result of the hot water is not much compared to other global freshwater sources, the heat transport has a large effect locally and may indicate that the glacier is not stable over time.
Not sustainable over time
The researchers also noted that large amounts of meltwater flowed north away from the front of the glacier.
Variations in salinity, temperature, and oxygen content indicate that the area under the glacier is a previously unknown active area where different water masses meet and mix with each other, which is important for understanding the melting processes at the base of the ice.
The observations show warm water approaching from all sides on pinning points, critical locations where the ice is connected to the seabed and give stability to the ice shelf. Melting around these pinning points may lead to instability and retreat of the ice shelf and, subsequently, the upstream glacier flowing off the land. Dr. Rob Larter of the British Antarctic Survey commented:
“This work highlights that how and where warm water impacts Thwaites Glacier is influenced by the shape of the sea floor and the ice-shelf base as well as the properties of the water itself. The successful integration of new sea-floor survey data and observations of water properties from the Ran missions shows the benefits of the multidisciplinary ethos within the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration.”
“The good news is that we are now, for the first time, collecting data that is necessary to model the dynamics of Thwaite’s glacier. This data will help us better calculate ice melting in the future. With the help of new technology, we can improve the models and reduce the great uncertainty that now prevails around global sea level variations,” says Anna Wåhlin.
Reference: “Pathways and modification of warm water flowing beneath Thwaites Ice Shelf, West Antarctica” by A. K. Wåhlin, A. G. C. Graham, K. A. Hogan, B. Y. Queste, L. Boehme, R. D Larter, E. C. Pettit, J. Wellner and K. J. Heywood, 9 April 2021, Science Advances.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7254
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74 Comments on "First Exploration of Ocean Currents Beneath the “Doomsday Glacier” Triggers Concerns"
julian | April 9, 2021 at 11:20 am | Reply
Given that ocean warming, where it may be happening, occurs at the top 50 meters when caused by “climate” factors makes it unlikely that temperatures at depth under the ice are influenced by climate. What was found, or being reported out here is probably a condition that has existed for centuries. It has only now being spun as something catastrophic. The circumstance that it comes from East Anglia is a guarantee it has a climate change spin to it.
Ronmcox | April 11, 2021 at 2:01 am | Reply
You being a trump supporter guarantees you would dismiss science
Jjr | April 13, 2021 at 4:26 am | Reply
What a narrow minded reply. Correcting with an educated response is just beneath you.. no no you got to crucify people with invisible knowledge in order to win an argument ..well at least in your mind anyways. Verbal destruction with each compulsion eh.. by the way the scary orange bad man is gone you don’t need to obsess over him anymore he can’t hurt you no more
Walker Wentworth | April 17, 2021 at 10:11 am | Reply
East Anglia is a reputable institution. The internal communicatuons released were actually not as damning as some have said if you understand how the evidence has to be interpreted. In any case this data can be independently verified. It is true that there could have been warm water there in the past but now we have a baseline. Additionally, the warm water could indicate global warming is happening so should be investigated.
Art | April 9, 2021 at 1:49 pm | Reply
Please provide a donation button to support this publication.
Clyde Spencer | April 9, 2021 at 2:58 pm | Reply
The authors correctly observe, “Global sea level is affected by how much ice there is on land, and the biggest uncertainty in the forecasts is the future evolution of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet,”
And then they describe their adventures under the floating ice, which has already displaced as much water as it will contribute when it melts. That is, nothing!
Implicit in the concern about how existing ice might influence the ice on land, is the oft repeated but poorly supported conjecture that the floating ice acts as an effective buttress to the ice on land. If that were the case, one would not see tension cracks on land, near the coast, or in the pack ice often frozen to the glaciers. The friction between the glacial ice and the bedrock is the dominant controller of the glacier movement, not the floating ice that has the same forward momentum as the ice still on land.
Scott W | April 9, 2021 at 5:43 pm | Reply
“These were the first measurements ever performed beneath Thwaites glacier”
So, if these are the “first measurements,” how can they cause any concern? It does not make sense.
Crabby | April 11, 2021 at 2:03 am | Reply
You being a trump supporter would explain why it makes no sense to you.
Crabby | April 11, 2021 at 2:06 am | Reply
Republicans often refuse to accept scientific proof
Jjr | April 13, 2021 at 4:35 am | Reply
Lol you sound like a republican he ask a question and you make an assumption on who they supported 6-7 months ago for the American presedency which has nothing to do with the question . You didn’t even answer his question. You literally look like a idiot then claim to have a scientific point if view without even proving it
Raymond Brandon | April 10, 2021 at 10:58 am | Reply
Very interesting but the spin on global warming we’ve been warming since the Ice Age and when the salinity change is enough in the ocean we will go back to Ice Age I happen to like warmer weather
Rinmcox | April 11, 2021 at 2:08 am | Reply
It amazes me the ignorance you display
Robert Gilbert Troester Jr. | April 10, 2021 at 4:25 pm | Reply
How does one look at the great wonder, that is the machines built by man, and say “yeah that’s not having any effect on climate.”?
Ronmcox | April 11, 2021 at 2:09 am | Reply
Truth
Paul Chace | April 11, 2021 at 3:57 am | Reply
I wonder if there will be real scientific facts in the comments section here, rather than simple opinions.
They,(opinions) are a dime a dozen!
Artisans Marble | April 11, 2021 at 8:42 am | Reply
Ronmcox You being a Democrat assures me that you are an idiot and a fool
Artisans Marble | April 11, 2021 at 8:46 am | Reply
Hey crabby the man said if these are their first measurements they mean nothing because they have nothing to compare to just because anything a university in East bump f*** puts out is gospel to you does not make it real you fool
Texasvoteswithid | April 11, 2021 at 12:05 pm | Reply
Ya just keep blindly hating Trump and the 75 million people that voted for him. Now our election was decided by people too lazy to go to the polls and show an id. So we got sleepy joe making America look like tards. Where’s the science in that. The media made Trump out to be a nazi and Joe to be a saint. Other countries are watching and it’s making us look weak and foolish. We are not all as ignorant as u haters.
Texasvoteswithid | April 11, 2021 at 12:31 pm | Reply
Who told all these people to hate Trump. Oh let me guess they all came up with it on there own. Science! Remember all those kids in cages . We should send all these migrants up north to over crowd schools in democrat run states. They are the ones who voted to let them all in. They have no clue what it’s like down here in Texas. And they don’t care because it’s not effecting them. No one cares until it’s in there face happening to them.
Mdc | April 11, 2021 at 1:14 pm | Reply
I made a comment similar to this article last year about this type of behavior of water silanity and increase of glacier melt off. Some models give glacier life span 100 years while I question these projections and think a more realistic number maybe 30 to 50.
Scott | April 11, 2021 at 3:32 pm | Reply
If It’s The First Time Scientists Have Been Able To See Whats Going On Under The Glacier…… Then Everything Else Was Just A BIG Guess………..🤦♂️
Normal person | April 11, 2021 at 3:52 pm | Reply
Well I guess we can agree to disagree, but until we have more data to compare from, which in a year, will determine whether this is normal, or not. There can only be speculation, but let’s worry, and get everyone panicking, and go crazy, and do something like run everyone out of toilet paper, because somebody said this, and it’s got be true. Wow, lol
R Treinen | April 11, 2021 at 6:22 pm | Reply
Here’s the spin toward funding.
*******
“Although the amount of ice that melts as a result of the hot water is not much compared to other global freshwater sources, the heat transport has a large effect locally and may indicate that the glacier is not stable over time.”
********
Notice the 1st use of “hot water” followed later by the conditional “may” and then the more scare words that tell you nothing. After reading that sentence I immediately knew the plea for more money would follow. You can bet the simulator will predict doom. This article should be about a robot submarine that collects data. Everything else is conjecture.
Eric | April 11, 2021 at 7:53 pm | Reply
Ronmcox, Rinmcox and Crabby offer nothing of any significance. No science supporting, or dismissing the subject of the article. Not even an opinion on the subject, beyond assuming anyone that questions a proven fraudulent scientific establishment, is a Trump supporter. Being in denial that East Anglia jokes internally about global warming, is irresponsible and a sure sign of stunted mental development.
TRAVIS | April 11, 2021 at 10:26 pm | Reply
I love how Julian made a valid point and the response was “You don’t understand because your a Trump supporter”. So I took 2 hours and researched what he said and he was correct. If your so blind you don’t see the alarmist slanted writing your being willfully ignorant. But beware the “Doomsday Glacier” 😆
Travis S | April 11, 2021 at 10:38 pm | Reply
Both comments addressing the slanted viewpoint of the writing and actual opposing viewpoint were deleted. Mine included,so let’s try again. I researched and Juliann is correct and anyone’s counter argument against his correct statement being “Your a Trump supporter” is being willfully ignorant of the slanted journalism on display here.
Only100LL | April 11, 2021 at 10:57 pm | Reply
According to the Tide Pod Eating generation, if you question anything (which is actually a part of the scientific process) you are a Trump supporter and denying science.
\(〇_o)/
Wayne | April 11, 2021 at 10:58 pm | Reply
Climate change is a constant. It has been changing since the earth was created. The earth temp cycles up and it cycles down. Been that way for centuries. It seems pretty arrogant of the’climate change’ keyboard commandos to claim we humans dictate the planets climate. To be clear…you’re full of it. Get over yourself!
Kendalani | April 12, 2021 at 12:58 pm | Reply
It astounds me that the same people who reject the science of biology, I.e. there only being two genders, so willingly accept whatever science tells them about climate change. You cannot pick and choose what science is acceptable, that is called hipocracy.
Whocares | April 12, 2021 at 1:40 pm | Reply
Why are we worried about a ice cube on a rock flying through a bunch of other rocks threw space.. We could be snuffed out in 2 secs by a 1,000,000 other things b4 the ice melts..
William Jurgens | April 12, 2021 at 2:19 pm | Reply
My first question would be, is there anything we can do about it? My guess is probably not. It’s great we get this data but it’s like trying to put out fire on the sun
Bud | April 12, 2021 at 7:23 pm | Reply
Climate change is happening I agree, it’s been happening on earth since the beginning. Earth has cycled through all of them many times we couldn’t stop it no matter what we did to stop the process earth’s gonna do it’s thing. We may delay it a few years but don’t be fooled it will happen. When glacier’s melt they’re releasing tons of trapped gases they hold. As ice melts it’s going back in time and we don’t have a clue what may be trapped in ice that’s been around for tens of thousands of years. It releases more co2 then we ever will in 100 life times. Viruses, other life forms from a long time ago could be what does the human race in. Volcanic activity around the world now so something is going to shift. The volcano under antarctica is melting it faster from beneath creating gap’s in The ice and seafloor letting ocean water in escalating the melt. It’s a losing fight we can’t win. We should be looking for the way we carry on life with the next chapter of earth’s life. We are just spectators in the events on planet sit back and enjoy the ride cause there is only one thing you are garanteed in life and that is you Will die I guarantee you will
Mike | April 12, 2021 at 11:24 pm | Reply
I wrote this Global warming paper in like 11th grade, it gets worse quickly is all I can say, but in the end, everything balances out.
Bob | April 13, 2021 at 12:53 am | Reply
I find all of this fascinating, and I’m optimistic it will result in meaningful data with further research. I support research on Earth over space at this point. Just a suggestion to those bickering, be open to outcome and honor what others have to say. Find a way to communicate your truth without blame or judgement. It’s not a contest, we’re in this together and should find a way to root and support each other.
[email protected] | April 13, 2021 at 1:22 am | Reply
Partisans engaging in political drivel…on a site for scientific discovery and study. Y’all are the reason we (humanity) can’t have nice things.
Is human machinery impactful to the environment? Sure, real pollutants (NOT CO2) are created and discarded. But much like the concern over CFCs, mother nature is sending us another reminder that we aren’t as important as we think we are. My. Pinatubo spewed out in one eruption 700Mx the amount of CFCs that mankind would have to dedicate to nothing but creating those chemicals for 10k years. Y’all are worried about ice ages and warming…I’m worried about the next flood and the solar lul. Our core is warming up likely due in part to the polarity shifting, volcanic activity on the sea floor is increasing daily (which naturally would warm the oceanic waters…duh much?), and you guys want to gripe about whether Trump matters in this conversation. Talk about myopic! Look, here’s short, realistic facts you should consider: communism sucks for everyone except the ruling class, and there’s always a ruling class, that’s just the natural law. There will always be hierarchy, can’t be avoided. So can we PLEASE focus on becoming a type 2 civilization BEFORE we get to meet the date of the dinosaurs and what ever God does or doesn’t exist please? And if you’re an ideologue, you’re not a scientist, so stop pretending you are for the love of Christ already. Geez!
Josh | April 17, 2021 at 6:15 am | Reply
We need more people like you. Thanks for your comment.
Alan W Weldon | April 13, 2021 at 2:13 am | Reply
Please political discussion is on other channel..Global warming is a process.Ice glaciers at one time existed in mexico..Warming is a fact.No shock to anyone. Rivers flowed in Sahara desert..Human race has progressed a process in motion for thousands of years.Dont fool yourself you or others will not stop the earth from changing. Political matters are so worthless.
Jose | April 13, 2021 at 3:12 am | Reply
All I’m going to say to my friend Bud, I totally agree with you 100%. We are in for a huge surprise people. I’m not a trump supporter either. Can’t stand the idiot. This story isn’t even about the f#?ker geez people. Someone always wants to summon that Idiot trumpet. 🤦♂️
JINXED | April 13, 2021 at 6:05 am | Reply
Ran… The goddess of the drown. What a name for a submarine. Good thing she’s unmanned.
Mike | April 13, 2021 at 6:59 am | Reply
Liberals….quick to hand over the keys based on high school rumors. First of all, the banks have not stopped lending money to seaside developments, in fact, trillions being spent as we speak. These guys aren’t in it to lose money. Only blathering Biden supporters who think universal basic income is a grand scheme (morons) is a good idea are all for global warming even though Japan and Sweden have already disproved these conspiracy theories…and they are conspiracy theories. As a Native American, I find it hilarious that these globalist sychophants are so willing to hand over human rights to the super rich elite who actually want to depopulate these very same supporters (although I’m not opposed to getting rid of most of them) I find it disappointing that the sheep are quick to bleet for any hay that they are fed, even if it at cost 9f human life and suffering. Dementia Joe is already on his way to infamy as worst leader of any country ever and the fake ass virtue signaling being done on super rich Dems behalf is sickening. There is no such thing as moral superiority and global warming is another fund raiser for Soros and the rest. Call me when you degenerates decide to hold China accountable for all their pollution band attempts at destroying western ideals and economies.
Global warming……the earth will shed humans like fleas when it’s ready and the arrogance of you ants thinking you can affect any change in the environment or climate is pure ignorance. So go feed your social network addiction and fall for any lie they push BECAUSE THEY TOLD YOU TO and either pay taxes or contribute meaningful to society. And don’t forget….13% is not a majority.
Vergeman Labs | April 13, 2021 at 7:17 am | Reply
It must be very difficult to gather scientific data in those regions, if weather is not up to par during research.Ibelieve more research needs to be done to have different variables to compare. Science is wonderful when research is done extensively, to fully understand ever aspect of what is being studied. These comments aren’t fuel by politics.
DR. Right | April 13, 2021 at 7:44 am | Reply
I love to see the intolerance and ignorance of democrats how they think Only they have a brain or believe in science lol. Not to mention their willingness to believe whatever they’ve been told as long as some Dr. Or scientist said it. They never are willing to look into the inquiries and do homework themselves. As a Dr. Myself I’d like to propose they research my claim they believe Obama’s prostate has the distinct taste of Margaret Sangers tounge which also resembles Michelle’s phallus. Go research and tell me for yourself. In the Name of Science you lab specimen.
Brian | April 13, 2021 at 7:46 am | Reply
Warm water rises and colder water sinks. Ocean currents thus rise and sink as they warm and cool through interaction with surface atmospheric temperature: warmer near the equator, cooler near the poles.
Richard | April 13, 2021 at 8:27 am | Reply
Boring. This article is mainly a rehash on the history of this glacier. The authors knew the only hope of people clicking on it was calling it ‘the Doomsday Glacier’. Next time, at least attempt to explain how it acquired that nickname so readers can get more from their reading than a boring research summary.
Philip Spratt | April 13, 2021 at 8:46 am | Reply
Global warming is made up I’ve measured Florida coast waters to California coast waters and they haven’t risen one f**king inch nuff said fake global warming is like believing in the tooth fairy
Pete Sake | April 13, 2021 at 8:47 am | Reply
Has anyone considered that introduction of a submarine and the disturbance and cavitation they create in any body of water they touch…could be vastly upsetting the ecology of the water beneath the glacier…which btw has been adding ice mass for quite some time now. It seems all these armchair scientists have forgotten that warm water makes ice faster than cold water…a simple fact of thermo physics.
Nothing in nature has ever maintained stasis. Most of the great water features of the world were created by the movement of great ice sheets in both growth and retraction. Sticking a stupid submarine into a place we’ve never touched before is a great example of an ecological disaster created by man and should be banned globally. It will surely be the cause of some kind of devastation in that part of the ocean. But as long as the fascist imbiciles on the left are busy linking destruction of habitat to pay day for their marxist corruption and treachery via the great scam of global warming they won’t stop destroying the earth. If we simply demand that zero tax dollars go to this charlatan pseudo science and academia must actually do something good for once to create the monies they claim to need, then we’ll see legitimate science being done again! Until we demand such accountability they’ll just keep jamming foriegn objects in places they don’t belong and calling it success.
Pita Kianunga SALI | April 13, 2021 at 9:28 am | Reply
Hi,I’m pitakianungasali from BIOCRAFT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT in LAE,411,Papua new Guinea. I wish to share only two of my research summaries from two different researches but only if you are interested. It might shed some light on melting polar ice and global warming effects and alternatives to suppress it..
Krista | April 13, 2021 at 10:48 am | Reply
Interesting article.
We keep learning how this climate change is working. And it’s affects.
Even though it’s the first survey. It’s showing the cycle of melting.
Though I’m chuckling to myself after reading the comments.
Climate change is not political. It’s just plain facts. 98% of climate scientist’s agree it is happening and it’s human caused.
Doesn’t matter it your republican or democrat.
Also we are not scientist’s, maybe we should listen to the people who spent decades learning their craft.
The dud er...the dude | April 13, 2021 at 11:27 am | Reply
Here’s a scientific fact: The Left destroys whatever it touches. Art, religion, politics, women’s sports, history and yes, even science. Scientific fact: Red states are better off than blue states. Scientific fact: Gender is set in the womb and can’t be changed, no matter how much mutilation of the body occurs. Scientific fact: Carbons emissions went down in the US after Trump got us out of that stupid Paris accord. Scientific fact: Left wing dictators have killed more people that any religion ever has, save one. We don’t have to worry about climate change. An unchecked Left will destroy us way quicker than any weather will. If your worried about rising sea levels, MOVE!!. Cause you ain’t stopping it from happening. I left Cali not because of rising sea levels, but because of rising stupidity from the Left.
R2 | April 13, 2021 at 11:48 am | Reply
There’s no one worried about iso-static depression
B Wilkinson | April 13, 2021 at 12:44 pm | Reply
Crabby get a life. My family all has never alligned with half baked loose science. God is in control, not you ,not trump and never stupid demonrats who want to control everything in order to control everyone. Worthless endeavors by you.
Jee | April 13, 2021 at 2:37 pm | Reply
Still spreading your climate change bs I see
Sierra | April 13, 2021 at 3:34 pm | Reply
Everyone is losing sight of the real problem. This planet is all we have its all are children and grandchildren have so taking care of it should be everyone’s number one goal . People need to Stop with the politics and start using your brain. Now obviously this planet has been abused by human and like anything that has not been taken care it has started to show effects. Everyone knows when u don’t take care of something properly you shorten its life span Earth is no different .
Ceaserspal | April 13, 2021 at 4:52 pm | Reply
Always, every time, again n again, this God thing plops (correct spelling) up! I do not need to go to a place every week and be revered for being without violance that week. I believe that like minded people gathering to creat energy to support their custom ideas is a great platflorm. But thinking about this pre neanderthal discipline of, be good, get good; be bad, get bad; along with a list of whats good or bad is just….well…childish. We all know, if listening has been learned, what is violance. God, religion, judgement will inevatably be the downfall of the human race. Rah rah rah, you didn’t screw your brothers wife or slaughter someone who believes we are all able to rase humans (parenting should be a test prior to conception, lets FINALLY face it, some people’s dna combined is not going to creat bliss, lol). I’m going back to being homeless, with a masters, and get off this soapbox!
kind & gentle= laughter= magic
Leoluca Randisi | April 13, 2021 at 5:23 pm | Reply
Anyone who denies Climate change are A$$ holes. Trumper !diots too…
Sti ven | April 13, 2021 at 10:16 pm | Reply
Once every 25000yrs. Give or take, for time is only relative to grav-atomic., pressure of a influenced area. This event occurs, it started approx. 1960s and will start to subside in 100yrs. unless there is major volcanic eruptions. A major factor added to the mix 10B. Humans plus food chain. 5th-grade math problem, average 100 degrees every second. If you count nothing else. You have unleashed the power of a sun within our planet. This reality is, to effect anything 4B would have to be sacrificed very soon, and zero population growth active. All your reality makes no difference. Good luck to all. Above all things protect your freedoms, they came at a great cost. We fled from Kings and Queens, Communist, Socialists. In 200yrs did what they did not do in 2000yrs. May whatever is looking over us, we do not waste it.
M | April 14, 2021 at 7:52 pm | Reply
Yep. When you have have Bill Gates funding fooling with mother nature. The Chinese labs don’t seem so scary.
Shawn W | April 16, 2021 at 6:51 am | Reply
Who would have thunk, a cli-sci article garnering fisticuffs and ego jabs.
Shocking.
In the meantime, we’re leaving a largely unlivable planet behind for our children and grandchildren and us Xers and Boomers can’t figure out how to talk to one another about PROVEN science that is of the utmost importance. As in “everything between 10N and 10S fried, underwater, off-kilter, or otherwise effed up by 2100.
Not 2460 or 2390 or 2230. 2100. Looking at a potential 8° rise in global average temp. Who cares who they voted for…even if Trump is a total asshat giving a bad name to asses, hats, and dunes to boot.
FRMit | April 16, 2021 at 8:17 am | Reply
Science shouldn’t be an argument; science is facts. Get all the scientific knowledge to make an opinion and release a paper of your own if you disagree.
We lost 4 years of truth, while the worse admin in our history got paid for doing nothing to help our nation or planet, and that’s the truth.
Jim | April 16, 2021 at 3:32 pm | Reply
Crabby. You sound as stupid as your
name.
jack vanderland | April 16, 2021 at 3:42 pm | Reply
How can they come up.with that conclusion when they have no previous data ,because they have never been there before ,again scare mongering by the financially addicted greens with a anti everything agenda
Rick Stoll | April 16, 2021 at 7:56 pm | Reply
Wow. I am just amazed that people cannot seem to discuss this science without bringing up a politician. Here is how it works. Trump thinks global warming is a myth because he is an idiot. Biden thinks he has the cure to global warming through windmills and solar panels because he is an idiot. Pence has tried to wax multiple times scientifically about climate change because he too is an idiot. Harris has tried to give long talks on climate science, but makes no sense because she too is an idiot. See the theme here? Further, Bush said climate change was not as severe as the data obviously showed because he is an idiot. Clinton and Gore both promised they would have climate change under control by 2015 because they are idiots. Did you pick up on the theme yet? Probably do not listen to a single solitary politician about science. Their educations are in law, and business, not chemistry, physics, or biology. Why does anyone trust politicians opinions on science? If it is not clear, everyone trusting in some kind of nonscientist about science is in the wrong here. At best, the most any politician will be able to tell you about any kind of science will be as if it were from a game of telephone. Every time anyone listens to a politician about science it is important to remember one thing. Every word of science they tell you came through the filter of someone who understands very little about science. Why do every single one of you want your science tainted by an idiot? Food for thought i suppose. I hope you all have a brilliant day.
MAGA | April 16, 2021 at 8:55 pm | Reply
Trump haters are still obsessed with him even after he’s gone , just can’t let go of the hate . Haters gonna hate they can’t help it . Maybe Parkinson’s Joe and sleep your way to the top Harris will save the world , I wouldn’t hold my breath or stick my head in the sand , dumbest admin ever . Truth ! Peace Out !
Brian Bailey | April 17, 2021 at 3:37 am | Reply
Scientists have also learned that the earth’s orbit around the sun has a lot more to due with the planet warming and cooling.. every 10k years the sun is closer and then begins moving further away. This causes warming and cooling!!
John T | April 17, 2021 at 5:06 am | Reply
I would like to point out all the findings that scientist find are symptoms the planet is showing. I think we can all agree that humanity role has contributed to these symptoms. The problem here in the US is conflicting expectations of people role. Should people be more careful to environment; yes. Should people allowed to make choices on how to live?….
I am a Reublican and also a performance analyst and from my point of view is the major problem is over population. I can right now there is so much social decay fueled from seperatist groups, widespread drug use, and fear mongering social media websites that cause more division than help. Think about it, what are children today are seeing. Do you think children see the constant attacks, riots, propaganda, and hate statements are going to acheive higher learning to help save the world? We need to have a strong economy, a strong education system, strong police force to remove crime, develop strong community and family values that are not self-centered and come together developing technology that will work for everyone and keep balance in the world.
Josh | April 17, 2021 at 6:11 am | Reply
No, we can’t agree on humans contributing to anything.
Where there are deserts were once seas. Humans are not capable of causing global “Climate change”. Are people unaware of how arrogance that is. How big is the Earth anyways? Literal famed Climate expert…comes out of the closet and admits they have zero basis for their claims.
Solomon | April 17, 2021 at 5:40 am | Reply
Death is guaranteed water world is coming
Josh | April 17, 2021 at 6:12 am | Reply
Drama queen. Hurr during, yes we all die eventually.
Josh | April 17, 2021 at 6:08 am | Reply
Will this stop the Sun from going supernova?would it have stopped the ice age? Oceans turning into deserts? Did humans do those things?
“Climate change” is a euphemism for coming draconian control over an ever increasing global population.
You. An call me whatever you want in terms of politics but your silly statements don’t add anything and we know your tactics. Dimiss with emotion based blabbering.
James | April 17, 2021 at 6:17 am | Reply
A quick message from forbs for all you climate alarmist…
Jan 6, 2015,
02:12pm EST
‘97% Of Climate Scientists Agree’ Is 100% Wrong
Alex Epstein
Contributor
Opinion
This article is more than 6 years old.
If you’ve ever expressed the least bit of skepticism about environmentalist calls for making the vast majority of fossil fuel use illegal, you’ve probably heard the smug response: “97% of climate scientists agree with climate change” — which always carries the implication: Who are you to challenge them?
The answer is: you are a thinking, independent individual–and you don’t go by polls, let alone second-hand accounts of polls; you go by facts, logic and explanation.
Here are two questions to ask anyone who pulls the 97% trick.
1. What exactly do the climate scientists agree on?
Usually, the person will have a very vague answer like “climate change is real.”
Which raises the question: What is that supposed to mean? That climate changes? That we have some impact? That we have a large impact? That we have a catastrophically large impact? That we have such a catastrophic impact that we shouldn’t use fossil fuels?
What you’ll find is that people don’t want to define what 97% agree on–because there is nothing remotely in the literature saying 97% agree we should ban most fossil fuel use.
It’s likely that 97% of people making the 97% claim have absolutely no idea where that number comes from.
If you look at the literature, the specific meaning of the 97% claim is: 97 percent of climate scientists agree that there is a global warming trend and that human beings are the main cause–that is, that we are over 50% responsible. The warming is a whopping 0.8 degrees over the past 150 years, a warming that has tapered off to essentially nothing in the last decade and a half.
uncaptioned
Sources: Met Office Hadley Centre HadCRUT4 dataset; Etheridge et al. (1998); Keeling et al. (2001); MacFarling Meure et al. (2006); Merged Ice-Core Record Data, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Even if 97% of climate scientists agreed with this, and even if they were right, it in no way, shape, or form would imply that we should restrict fossil fuels–which are crucial to the livelihood of billions.
Because the actual 97% claim doesn’t even remotely justify their policies, catastrophists like President Obama and John Kerry take what we could generously call creative liberties in repeating this claim.
On his Twitter account, President Obama tweets: “Ninety-seven percent of scientists agree: #climate change is real, man-made and dangerous.” Not only does Obama sloppily equate “scientists” with “climate scientists,” but more importantly he added “dangerous” to the 97% claim, which is not there in the literature.
This is called the fallacy of equivocation: using the same term (“97 percent”) in two different ways to manipulate people.
John Kerry pulled the same stunt when trying to tell the underdeveloped world that it should use fewer fossil fuels:
And let there be no doubt in anybody’s mind that the science is absolutely certain. . . 97 percent of climate scientists have confirmed that climate change is happening and that human activity is responsible. . . . . they agree that, if we continue to go down the same path that we are going down today, the world as we know it will change—and it will change dramatically for the worse.
In Kerry’s mind, 97% of climate scientists said whatever Kerry wants them to have said.
Bottom line: What the 97% of climate scientists allegedly agree on is very mild and in no way justifies restricting the energy that billions need.
But it gets even worse. Because it turns out that 97% didn’t even say that.
Which brings us to the next question:
2. How do we know the 97% agree?
To elaborate, how was that proven?
Almost no one who refers to the 97% has any idea, but the basic way it works is that a researcher reviews a lot of scholarly papers and classifies them by how many agree with a certain position.
Unfortunately, in the case of 97% of climate scientists agreeing that human beings are the main cause of warming, the researchers have engaged in egregious misconduct.
One of the main papers behind the 97 percent claim is authored by John Cook, who runs the popular website SkepticalScience.com, a virtual encyclopedia of arguments trying to defend predictions of catastrophic climate change from all challenges.
Here is Cook’s summary of his paper: “Cook et al. (2013) found that over 97 percent [of papers he surveyed] endorsed the view that the Earth is warming up and human emissions of greenhouse gases are the main cause.”
This is a fairly clear statement—97 percent of the papers surveyed endorsed the view that man-made greenhouse gases were the main cause—main in common usage meaning more than 50 percent.
But even a quick scan of the paper reveals that this is not the case. Cook is able to demonstrate only that a relative handful endorse “the view that the Earth is warming up and human emissions of greenhouse gases are the main cause.” Cook calls this “explicit endorsement with quantification” (quantification meaning 50 percent or more). The problem is, only a small percentage of the papers fall into this category; Cook does not say what percentage, but when the study was publicly challenged by economist David Friedman, one observer calculated that only 1.6 percent explicitly stated that man-made greenhouse gases caused at least 50 percent of global warming.
Where did most of the 97 percent come from, then? Cook had created a category called “explicit endorsement without quantification”—that is, papers in which the author, by Cook’s admission, did not say whether 1 percent or 50 percent or 100 percent of the warming was caused by man. He had also created a category called “implicit endorsement,” for papers that imply (but don’t say) that there is some man-made global warming and don’t quantify it. In other words, he created two categories that he labeled as endorsing a view that they most certainly didn’t.
The 97 percent claim is a deliberate misrepresentation designed to intimidate the public—and numerous scientists whose papers were classified by Cook protested:
“Cook survey included 10 of my 122 eligible papers. 5/10 were rated incorrectly. 4/5 were rated as endorse rather than neutral.”
—Dr. Richard Tol
“That is not an accurate representation of my paper . . .”
—Dr. Craig Idso
“Nope . . . it is not an accurate representation.”
—Dr. Nir Shaviv
“Cook et al. (2013) is based on a strawman argument . . .”
—Dr. Nicola Scafetta
Think about how many times you hear that 97 percent or some similar figure thrown around. It’s based on crude manipulation propagated by people whose ideological agenda it serves. It is a license to intimidate.
It’s time to revoke that license.
Alex Epstein is founder of the Center for Industrial Progress and author of The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels.
Get the best of Forbes to your inbox with the latest insights from experts across the globe.
Alex Epstein
Alex Epstein is the author of the New York Times best-selling book The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels and an expert on energy and industrial policy. Called “most original…
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Ok now that I am done sharing this knowledge or how I would like to say facts and if you made it all the way through that beautiful segment, I have a question relating to this article.. I am interested in the findings that you didn’t claim such as hot spots from volcanic activitie or the geothermal hot spots to this glacier and if you were able to get a reading on the sulfur levels.. you can’t claim there isn’t any due to the fact there is a active eruption in iceland and how most of the artic is is on thee western side which is directly over thee fault line.. I wonder if that has any relevance??
Kwyatt | April 17, 2021 at 7:39 am | Reply
Why are there so many trump supporters arguing on here? Take a nap because you’re either a 14 year old nihikist or a boomer idiot
Bill Phipps | April 17, 2021 at 8:46 am | Reply
Is there always so much angst and disrespect shown in the comments here? Why?
It seems like y’all come here to yell at each other and fight. Why?
Are we interested in science or are we interested in political skewering of each other?
Sad, pathetic, embarassing, and uninteresting comments .
Robert F Noone Jr | April 17, 2021 at 10:20 am | Reply
Wasting my time but it’s not just a few scientists opinionoil companies use same argument cigarette companies did.really thousands got together and said let’s makeup a story,spend billions and devote lives.4 what
Nooner | April 17, 2021 at 10:24 am | Reply
It’s 98percent of scientists agree.follow the $ to truth.power companies, politicians is where it’s at
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It’s National Ask Your Pharmacist Week (1-8 November) and health professionals in Sefton are sharing five top tips for healthcare help that you can get directly from your local pharmacy:
Sefton’s second week of COVID-19 vaccine drive means more boots-on-the-ground to promote drop-in jab pharmacy sessions
Wednesday, October 27, 2021
Once again, Sefton Council’s COVID engagement officers will be out in the south of the borough reminding people that local drop-in COVID-19 vaccinations are available on Wednesday and Thursday.
Quit smoking this Stoptober
Tuesday, October 19, 2021
It’s never too late to stop smoking and with Stoptober celebrating its 10th year, now is as good a time as ever!
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Monday, October 18, 2021
In a bid to prevent the ongoing spread of the coronavirus, Sefton Council, and NHS South Sefton Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) are targeting areas where people who have not yet had a COVID-19 vaccination.
Hightown Village Surgery update
Monday, October 18, 2021
NHS South Sefton Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) says it has received interest from a number of different providers to take on the running of Hightown Village Surgery.
Latest information about coronavirus
Wednesday, October 13, 2021
Read simple advice about what you can do to protect yourself from coronavirus and to support your community to stay well.
Keen teens grab a jab at Hugh Baird College
Thursday, October 7, 2021
Over 130 students and staff took the opportunity to ‘grab a jab’ at recent pop-up COVID-19 vaccination clinics at Hugh Baird College.
Getting your flu vaccines and COVID-19 boosters in Sefton
Tuesday, October 5, 2021
People in Sefton are being urged to get their flu and COVID-19 vaccines as soon as they are offered, to boost their immunity this winter.
Sefton student with learning disabilities encourages teens to get vaccinated
Tuesday, September 28, 2021
Emma James-Jenkinson, a performing arts student from Sefton, made headlines with the story of her first COVID-19 vaccination earlier this year. Now after her second jab, Emma wants others to know how she made her decision to get vaccinated, encouraging others to do the same.
Ground breaking at Mersey Care’s specialist secure hospital for people with learning disabilities
Thursday, September 23, 2021
Senior leaders at Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust have officially broken ground at the site of a new 40-bed specialist hospital for people with learning disabilities at Maghull Health Park.
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1. A passed ball on a pitch, and runner scores. 2. A 3rd strike and catcher misses the ball, overthrowing at first, runner scores. 3. A squeeze play, missed bunt, with catcher missing the ball, runner scores.
Batter strikes out catcher drops third strike runner scores from thirdon steal prior to throw to first for the third out does run score?
yes, unless there are 2 out...then the batter must beat the throw to first for the run to count...just as if he put the ball in play, no runs can score if the batter is put out before reaching 1st base for the final out of the inning
Is it a plate appearance if the batter gets thrown out but a runner scores from third base?
It depends on what the count on the batter is when he is thrown out. If there are 2 strikes on the batter and his substitute gets struck out, the at-bat is contributed to the first batter. Otherwise, all stats will be awarded to the substitute batter.
Is it catcher's interference if the bat hits the glove on the follow through?
Yes, interference will be called if the umpire judges the catcher hindered the batter. If the ball is hit and the batter runner successfully reaches first and runners forced to advance or were stealing a base advanced the interference is ignored. If the batter runner is thrown out the manager has the option to accept the outcome of the play or accept the interference call placing the batter runner on first. If other runners are on base the manager's choice will affect them too. Accepting an interference call would require non-forced runners to return to their base. Consider a runner on third with no or one out when interference occurs. The batter runner is thrown out while the runner on third scores. Accepting the interference would require the runner scoring from third to return to third.
What is the Rules of Baseball Interpretation regarding a runner from third that scores on a play in which no attempt is made to retire a batter who has struck out and the third strike was not caught?
Batter is safe at first base, runner on third scores a run.
If a runner is on and next batter bunts to move runner but gets out Is that a sacrifice or no since runner didn't score?
It is only a sacrifice bunt if someone scores. If no one scores, then the player who bunted isn't credited with anything.
If a ground ball to the infield scores a runner when they throw to first to get the batter is it a sac for the batter?
No, it is scored as a ground out and the batter is credited with an RBI.
Is batter awarded an rbiif he hits a single with a runner on third and the runner scores after rundown between 3rd and home?
yes
If a relief pitcher comes in with the bases loaded and gets a force out at second does the runner that is now on first get charged to the previous pitcher since his runner was forced out by choice?
No. Any base runner that gets on base and scores is charged to the pitcher that pitched to him, regardless whether the batter reached base by a force out, error, catcher's interference,etc.
If a player reaches base on a passed ball and later scores is it an earned run or unearned?
The only way a runner can reach on a passed ball is if he strikes out, and the 3rd strike gets away from the catcher. Since the batter struck out, he should not have reached based, although no errors are charged the run if he later scores is an unearned run See MLB Rule 10.18 Earned Runs. No earned run if batter reaches on passed ball. A wild pitch is the pitcher's fault and contributes to the earned run.
Does the batter get credited with an RBI when a runner on third scores on a wild pitch or passed ball?
no
In baseball if there is a runner at thrid with two outs and scores but the batter get out at first does the run count?
the run doesnt count because it depends on if the runner is safe. but if he gets out the runner does not get counted with the run.
If a batter reaches 1st base on an error and a runner scores because of her hit does she earn an rbi even though she received a base because of an error?
Yes, she would get an RBI, but the run would be unearned to the pitcher, since the batter who scored didn't "earn" her way on base. Generally the batter is not awarded an RBI if a runner scores when the BATTER reaches on an error, if if he hits into a double play.
There is one out a runner is on third and the batter grounds out to shortstop and the runner scores this is recorded as a rbi but is this a sacrifice as well?
No. The only way it is a sacrifice is if the ball is hit in the air and the runner has to tag-up to advance home. The batter is only given an rbi because he did not sacrifice his at bat to score the runner from 3rd.
If you have a runner on first and a runner on third and the runner on first attempts to steal second at the same time the runner on third takes off and scores does the batter get the RBI?
ed Parker isn't
Are runs that score by reaching base on catchers interference earned?
If the batter who reached by via catcher's interference scores, his run would be unearned, however, it cannot be determined if any runner on base scored due to catcher's interference is earned or unearned until the inning is played out and recreated without the interference or any error that may have occurred.
Does the batter get an RBI if he bats into a fielders choice and a runner scores?
Yes. There are only a few times that a batter helps a teammate score but does not get an RBI. Example 1: Bases loaded, 0 outs, batter grounds into double play 2nd baseman to first baseman, runner at third scores. The batter is not credited with an RBI. Example 2: Runner on 3rd, 2 outs, batter hits a routine groundball to shortstop, but the shortstop makes an erro. The batter is not credited with an RBI because if the ball was played cleanly the run would not have scored.
If a runner is on third base with one out and you hit a grounder to second why are you charged with an at-bat if the runner scores?
The fielder made a decision to throw the batter out at first instead of throwing the runner out at home. This is considered a fielders choice.
What is SAC in scoring baseball?
A sacrifice fly or when a batter flies out and a runner tags up and scores this doesnt count as an at bat
When a hitter gets a single yet advances all the way home on overthrows and there is a runner on base that also scores does the hitter receive any RBI's?
The batter could be credited with an RBI if, in the scorers judgment the base runner would have scored had there not been any overthrows (errors). For example, the batten singles and the runner is on third and scores, then the overthrows occur. The batter is credited with one RBI. In your original question, the batter would, in no case, be credited with an RBI on his own score.
Does a batter get an rbi if he is hit with the bases loaded?
Yes, a batter gets a RBI through a Hit-by-pitch, walk, or hit if a runner scores on the play due to their plate appearance
Bases loaded 1 out Batter hits fly ball which is caught-2nd out Runner from 3rd scores Runner from 2nd fails to tag. Outfielder throws to 2nd before runner tags up Does the run count?
yes
How many runners may score off of a walk?
Conceivably four although it may be officially ruled something else such as a stolen base, wild pitch, pass ball, or error if anyone other than a runner forced in from third scores. Ball 4 is considered in play and runners may advance at their own risk if they are not being forced forward. Example: Bases loaded, pitcher throws ball 4 very wide of the plate and it goes to the backstop. The runner coming from third scores automatically off the base on balls. The runner on second notices the wild pitch and scores before the catcher can recover the ball. On the same play, the batter-runner tries to move up to second. The catcher throws the ball in to center field while trying to put him out. The center fielder reacts slowly and makes a bad throw and the batter and remaining runner continue around the bases and score. Officially, walk-wild pitch-E2-E8. Unofficially, a grand slam walk.
Are there any exceptions where a run scores on a play in which the third out is made?
Yes. If a runner crosses home plate before the third out is made (unless it's a force out), the run counts. For example, say the Yankees have runner on third with two outs. The batter hits a ball to the gap in right center. The runner scores, but the batter is thrown out at third trying to stretch a double into a triple. Since the runner on third crossed home plate before the batter was out at third, the run counts. On a force play (at any base) the runner would not be allowed to score even if he crosses the plate before the force is made.
With the bases loaded and 2 outs a batter hits a slow roller to third base the runner from second gets in a rundown and before he is tagged out the runner from third scores is the run good?
yes!
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Leicester City helicopter crash: Gary Lineker ‘deeply saddened’ by owner Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha's death - Sports Life Tale
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Home » Soccer » Leicester City helicopter crash: Gary Lineker ‘deeply saddened’ by owner Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha’s death
Soccer
Leicester City helicopter crash: Gary Lineker ‘deeply saddened’ by owner Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha’s death
10/29/2018
Gary Lineker has added his voice to the tributes to Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, saying that he is “deeply saddened” by confirmation of the Leicester City owner’s tragic death.
Leicester confirmed in a statement issued on Sunday that Srivaddhanaprabha was one of five people who died when his helicopter crashed and exploded into a fireball just outside the King Power Stadium following his team’s 1-1 draw with West Ham on Saturday.
Condolences have poured in from across the football world as Leicester players and supporters expressed their shock and devastation at the accident, while many have congregated at the King Power Stadium to lay flowers and tributes.
Leicester City Premier League bus parade
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Writing on Instagram, Lineker – who started his professional career at Leicester in 1978 and was named honorary vice-president after helping to save the club from liquidation in 2002 – said: “Deeply saddened to hear the confirmation that @lcfc chairman, Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, was one of five people to lose their lives in the helicopter crash on Saturday evening.
“A quiet, unassuming man who will always be remembered with great fondness and respect. He also helped to bring the most magical, miraculous title win in the history of football. Thank you, Chairman for all you did for our football club. #RIP”
The news has brought an understandable outpouring of emotion from within Leicester and the football world, with Srivaddhanaprabha a hugely popular man having bought the club in 2010 and made them the most unlikely of Premier League champions in 2016.
A statement issued by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and president of the Football Association, read: “My thoughts today are with the family and friends of Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha and all the victims of the Leicester City Football Club.
“I was lucky to have known Vichai for several years. He was a businessman of strong values who was dedicated to his family and who supported a number of important charitable causes. He made such a big contribution to football, not least through Leicester City’s magical 2016 season that captured the imagination of the world.
“He will be missed by all fans of the sport and everyone lucky enough to have known him.”
Writing on Instagram, goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel wrote: “Dear Mr Chairman. I cannot believe this is happening. I am so totally devastated and heartbroken. I just cannot believe what I saw last night. It just doesn’t seem real.
“It is difficult to put into words how much you meant to this football club and to the city of Leicester. Never have I ever come across a man like you. So hard working, so passionate, so kind and so generous in the extreme.
“You changed football. Forever! You gave hope to everyone that the impossible was possible. You literally made my dreams come true.
“We now have a responsibility as a club, as players and fans to honour you. From knowing you we do this by being the family you created.”
“Words can’t describe how I feel. A truly great, kind, loving man who will be missed so much by everyone. I will never forget the Chairman’s support, not only during my time LCFC but also during the World Cup,” England defender Harry Maguire wrote on Twitter.
Fellow City defender and England left-back Ben Chilwell hailed “one of the best people you could wish to meet”.
Jamie Vardy – whose meteoric rise through the leagues was matched step-by-step by the club as they came from nowhere to win the Premier League in 2016 – called Srivaddhanaprabha a “legend”.
He said on Instagram: “Struggling to find the right words, but to me you are a legend, an incredible man who had the biggest heart, the soul of Leicester City Football Club. Thank you for everything you did for me, my family and our club. I will truly miss you, may you rest in peace.”
Wes Morgan, the captain of that Leicester side, said: “Absolutely heartbroken and devastated regarding the news of our chairman. A man that was loved and adored by everyone here at LCFC and someone who I personally had the utmost respect for.
“My thoughts and prayers go out to his family and the families of the other victims of this tragedy.”
Follow the Independent Sport on Instagram here, for all of the best images, videos and stories from around the sporting world.
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Summary view: shows current interactions. Nodes can be moved; popups provide information on nodes & edges.
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Gene families whose occurrence patterns across genomes show similarities.
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Proteins whose genes are observed to be correlated in expression, across a large number of experiments.
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Known metabolic pathways, protein complexes, signal transduction pathways, etc ... from curated databases.
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Groups of genes that are frequently observed in each other's genomic neighborhood.
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Automated, unsupervised textmining - searching for proteins that are frequently mentioned together.
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Genes that are sometimes fused into single open reading frames.
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Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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empty nodes:
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
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Predicted Interactions
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Score
EXOC8 Exocyst complex component 8; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the EXO84 family (725 aa)
Predicted Functional Partners:
RALA
Ras-related protein Ral-A; Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles. The RALA-exocyst complex regulates integrin-dependent membrane raft exocytosis and growth signaling. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling and competes with GRK2 for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of th [...]
0.999
EXOC2
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
0.999
EXOC4
Exocyst complex component 4; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.999
EXOC6
Exocyst complex component 6; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane. Together with RAB11A, RAB3IP, RAB8A, PARD3, PRKCI, ANXA2, CDC42 and DNMBP promotes transcytosis of PODXL to the apical membrane initiation sites (AMIS), apical surface formation and lumenogenesis (By similarity)
0.999
EXOC7
Exocyst complex component 7; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane. In adipocytes, plays a crucial role in targeting SLC2A4 vesicle to the plasma membrane in response to insulin, perhaps directing the vesicle to the precise site of fusion (By similarity)
0.999
EXOC3
Exocyst complex component 3; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.999
EXOC5
Exocyst complex component 5; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.999
RALB
Ras-related protein Ral-B; Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles (By similarity). Required both to stabilize the assembly of the exocyst complex and to localize functional exocyst complexes to the leading edge of migrating cells (By similarity). Required for suppression of apoptosis. In l [...]
0.998
EXOC1
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.997
EXOC6B
Exocyst complex component 6B; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC15 family
0.995
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NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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Browse interactions in tabular form:
node1 node2 node1 accession node2 accession node1 annotation node2 annotation score
EXOC1 EXOC2 ENSP00000370695 ENSP00000230449
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
0.999
EXOC1 EXOC3 ENSP00000370695 ENSP00000425587
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
Exocyst complex component 3; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.999
EXOC1 EXOC4 ENSP00000370695 ENSP00000253861
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
Exocyst complex component 4; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.999
EXOC1 EXOC5 ENSP00000370695 ENSP00000484855
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
Exocyst complex component 5; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.997
EXOC1 EXOC6 ENSP00000370695 ENSP00000260762
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
Exocyst complex component 6; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane. Together with RAB11A, RAB3IP, RAB8A, PARD3, PRKCI, ANXA2, CDC42 and DNMBP promotes transcytosis of PODXL to the apical membrane initiation sites (AMIS), apical surface formation and lumenogenesis (By similarity)
0.997
EXOC1 EXOC6B ENSP00000370695 ENSP00000272427
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
Exocyst complex component 6B; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC15 family
0.939
EXOC1 EXOC7 ENSP00000370695 ENSP00000334100
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
Exocyst complex component 7; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane. In adipocytes, plays a crucial role in targeting SLC2A4 vesicle to the plasma membrane in response to insulin, perhaps directing the vesicle to the precise site of fusion (By similarity)
0.999
EXOC1 EXOC8 ENSP00000370695 ENSP00000355605
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
Exocyst complex component 8; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the EXO84 family
0.997
EXOC1 RALA ENSP00000370695 ENSP00000005257
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
Ras-related protein Ral-A; Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles. The RALA-exocyst complex regulates integrin-dependent membrane raft exocytosis and growth signaling. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling and competes with GRK2 for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of th [...]
0.892
EXOC1 RALB ENSP00000370695 ENSP00000272519
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
Ras-related protein Ral-B; Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles (By similarity). Required both to stabilize the assembly of the exocyst complex and to localize functional exocyst complexes to the leading edge of migrating cells (By similarity). Required for suppression of apoptosis. In l [...]
0.665
EXOC2 EXOC1 ENSP00000230449 ENSP00000370695
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
Exocyst complex component 1; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.999
EXOC2 EXOC3 ENSP00000230449 ENSP00000425587
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
Exocyst complex component 3; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.999
EXOC2 EXOC4 ENSP00000230449 ENSP00000253861
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
Exocyst complex component 4; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.999
EXOC2 EXOC5 ENSP00000230449 ENSP00000484855
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
Exocyst complex component 5; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane
0.999
EXOC2 EXOC6 ENSP00000230449 ENSP00000260762
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
Exocyst complex component 6; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane. Together with RAB11A, RAB3IP, RAB8A, PARD3, PRKCI, ANXA2, CDC42 and DNMBP promotes transcytosis of PODXL to the apical membrane initiation sites (AMIS), apical surface formation and lumenogenesis (By similarity)
0.999
EXOC2 EXOC6B ENSP00000230449 ENSP00000272427
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
Exocyst complex component 6B; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC15 family
0.976
EXOC2 EXOC7 ENSP00000230449 ENSP00000334100
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
Exocyst complex component 7; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane. In adipocytes, plays a crucial role in targeting SLC2A4 vesicle to the plasma membrane in response to insulin, perhaps directing the vesicle to the precise site of fusion (By similarity)
0.999
EXOC2 EXOC8 ENSP00000230449 ENSP00000355605
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
Exocyst complex component 8; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the EXO84 family
0.999
EXOC2 RALA ENSP00000230449 ENSP00000005257
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
Ras-related protein Ral-A; Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles. The RALA-exocyst complex regulates integrin-dependent membrane raft exocytosis and growth signaling. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling and competes with GRK2 for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of th [...]
0.999
EXOC2 RALB ENSP00000230449 ENSP00000272519
Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family
Ras-related protein Ral-B; Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles (By similarity). Required both to stabilize the assembly of the exocyst complex and to localize functional exocyst complexes to the leading edge of migrating cells (By similarity). Required for suppression of apoptosis. In l [...]
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Originally posted in his blog: https://julioachmadi.blogspot.com/2020/06/world-refugee-day-2020-fighting-exclusion.html
Over the past few years of my experience working in refugee related issue, social exclusion seems to be one of the root causes of discrimination against refugees in Indonesia. With almost 14.000 refugees and asylum seekers, Indonesia should take a lead in Southeast Asia to include refugee in creating collaborations and programs to improve national welfare.
Social Exclusion
Social exclusion is a process in which an individual/a group is unable to gain equal access to various rights, opportunities and resources that are accessible by other people/group. This process usually marginalizes those who are already considered as a marginalized group, one of which are refugees and their communities in Indonesia. Imagine fleeing your country due to persecution and not having your rights fulfilled, to just arrive in another place with minimum protection of rights. Even though I might not be able to understand completely how it feels to be in their position, it is truly devastating to live in limbo without having the access to rights such as to formal education and work. Hence, it led refugee communities to be dependent to charitable help. These conditions deteriorate the well-being of most refugees while staying in Indonesia which has been proven by the large amount of refugees who are experiencing PTSD, anxiety disorder, stress, and other mental health issues.
In the Covid-19 situation, refugees are hardly included in national or local program provided by Indonesian government. For instance, access to information related to Covid-19 that can be understood by refugees is barely provided by the government. NGOs and International Organizations are actively filling the gap to translate information from the source language (Indonesian) to the languages used by refugees. The access to health and sanitary products are also provided mostly by civil society who are concerned about refugee communities. This condition shows the lack of attention given by the state to refugees as a vulnerable group. Bear in mind that refugees who are living in Indonesia are part of Indonesian society, irrelevant with Indonesia not being signatory to The 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol.
World Refugee Day
On the 4th of December 2000, the United Nations General Assembly in Resolution 55/76 declared 20th of June as World Refugee Day (WRD). With limited amount of publication on refugee back then, I discovered Indonesia’s first commemoration of WRD was back in 2002. It was an event facilitated by UNHCR Indonesia.[1] The organization I am in, SUAKA, commemorates our first WRD back in 2014, with “Refugee Rights are Human Rights” as the theme.[2] Now, we are 20 years forward from the declaration of WRD by United Nations. It is about time that refugees are placed in the center of conversation and considered as a stakeholder in the process of decision making towards better program and regulation.
Fighting the Exclusion
Social cohesion is one of the answers to resolve social exclusion. It is a condition of willingness of members of society to accept and cooperate with each other. Social cohesion is important as it fights exclusion and marginalization against refugee communities. Refugees are a group of beautiful people with their unique characteristics and capabilities. They know things that Indonesian people don’t. They offer skills that Indonesian people might not have. They are already a part of our society and we should support and embrace their existence, which enriches our society even further. “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” (Unity in Diversity) should apply to them too.
Social cohesion requires both refugee and Indonesian communities to work together. It is not a one-sided effort made by only refugee communities who want to feel belonged, but also for Indonesian communities to welcome them wholeheartedly. This year, we use #RefugeeIncluded to break the systemic exclusion, because we are stronger together.
Happy World Refugee Day 2020.
∞
[1] UNHCR Indonesia, World Refugee Day 2002: Indonesia, 2002. https://www.unhcr.org/events/wrd/3e7f3f1424/world-refugee-day-2002-indonesia.html?query=refugee%20women
[2] LBH Jakarta, Peringatan “World Refugee Day: Refugee Rights Are Human Rights”, 2014. https://www.bantuanhukum.or.id/web/peringatan-world-refugee-day-refugee-rights-human-rights/
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From: Opinion, Uncategorized
← World Refugee Day Webinar with Policylab, Sandya Institute and LBH Jakarta
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One Comment Post a comment
BART MATSOUELLET #
Le niveau social du réfugié en cette période du covid-19 reste déplorable, la main tendue du gouvernement indonésien et les différentes assistance possibles de l’UNHCR et ses partenaires restent le dernier poumon d’espoir pour la subsistance des réfugiés en Indonésie. Alors si cela perdure quelle serait alors l’impact sur l’avenir des réfugiés dans le cadre de la réinstallation puisque la finalité c’est chercher une bonne intégration sociale pour un lendemain meilleur.
20/06/2020
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Why are my cPanel system backups not being automatically transported to my additional backup destination when backups are run?
What do I need to do to get them automatically back up to my additional destination?
Answer
cPanel system backups are not transferred to additional backup destinations by default for security reasons.
To have system backups be included in backup transfers to a remote destination, you will need to change the additional destination's configuration settings to allow system backups to be transferred to it.
Here are a few methods you can use to do this.
Interface Method:
Navigate to Backup Configuration in WHM
Click on the Additional Destinations tab then click 'Edit' next to the remote destination you are using
Check the 'Transfer System Backups to this Destination' box and then save your changes by clicking the 'Save Destination' button at the bottom of the screen.
Manual Configuration Method:
Find the additional destination's configuration file in /var/cpanel/backups
Open the configuration file with a text editor of your choice and add the following line: upload_system_backup: 1
Save the file.
API Method:
Use thebackup_destination_list function to retrieve the ID of the additional destination to which you wish to send system backups.
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Sealants and sealant kits are widely used by both hobbyists and professionals for a broad range of protecting and waterproofing jobs. The best sealant type to use in a given scenario will depend on the surface materials and the location of the seal. There are many varieties of sealants, putties, and sealant remover kits on sale, with leading brands including Dow Corning and Bostik. While most tend to fall within one of a few basic categories - cement sealants, chemical sealants, or silicone sealants - there are also a number of sealants designed for more specialised purposes.
What's the difference between sealant types?
Silicone sealants - among the most widely available sealant types, and ideal for a wide array of household, DIY and construction tasks.
Acrylic sealants - often a cheaper alternative to silicone for use on wood, aluminium, and UPVC, and can also be painted. They're less flexible than most silicone versions, and more prone to eroding under certain application conditions.
Polyurethane foam sealants - extremely flexible/elastic and highly waterproof, ideal for sealing most metals and fibreglass.
Why is sealant modulus and cure type important?
High modulus sealants are less elastic but more hardwearing, and better suited to indoor applications as a kitchen or bathroom sealant (around baths, showers, sinks and worktops).
Low modulus sealants offer better flexibility and adhesion where slight movement of the joint may be a factor, but are less hardwearing overall. They're generally best for outdoor and weather-resistant applications (perimeter seals and exterior UPVC).
Most sealants are available in one of two cure types - acetoxy and neutral.
High modulus sealants tend to be acetoxy cure, meaning they'll cure faster and harder, and will emit a slight vinegar smell while doing so.
Low modulus sealants are often sold in natural cure variants, meaning they adhere better to a greater range of surfaces, cure slowly to a more elastic consistency, and give off little odour.
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However, in the business world, product-based business owners that rely on having their products on store shelves or directly into the hands of their customers were left slightly bruised. With the early days of the pandemic calling for lockdowns, closing restaurants and shops and the slowing of national and international shipping, many were left scrambling to find new ways to market and get their products to consumers.
As the country slowly reopens, it’s time to reassess what’s working and what’s not. Certainly, the lessons and adjustments made in 2020 to keep afloat could be polished as new marketing techniques going forward.
So now the question becomes, how do business owners identify and create additional revenue streams that are the highest and best use for their business? Here are 5 examples of new revenue streams for product-based businesses in 2021.
Leverage print on demand
Print-on-demand products allow business owners to offer ready-made products for sale in smaller batches. Why is this significant? Business owners that utilize print on demand do not have to invest in large quantities of inventory. They can test new product categories without financial risk, and they only pay for products when customers place an order.
Partnering with companies like Printed Mint or Printful enables brands to diversify their product line without stretching cash flow. You choose products from their collection, customize them with your art or design work, then add the products to your online shop. Printed Mint or Printful will print and ship the products directly to your customers when orders come in. There is little financial risk yet much to be gained when selling products through print-on-demand channels.
Pro tip: Print on demand is also great for service-based businesses that want to add products to their offerings.
Related: Web to Print: Give it a Thought as an Entrepreneur
Create subscription products
Subscription products saw a major surge in 2020, particularly in the fashion, beauty, cooking, art and at-home activity sectors. Subscription products are a great way to grow recurring revenue while also creating a stronger customer experience for your audience.
Let’s look at quip, an oral health company. Customers have the option to make a one-time purchase or set up automatic refills on toothbrush heads, toothpaste, mouthwash or floss. Subscription customers receive free shipping and automatic delivery of items on the requested time frame. Easy and stress-free for the customer, great recurring revenue for quip.
Another option is subscription boxes. Kiwi Crate, Raddish Kids and Paper Curator ship curated activity boxes each month for those interested in science and engineering, cooking and scrapbooking, respectively. FabFitFun sends full-size products in their seasonal boxes, which are shipped quarterly. Subscription boxes thoughtfully combine multiple products, engaging activities and provide a unique experience for your customers.
Individual or boxed subscription products can ship monthly, quarterly, or whatever frequency makes sense for your products, your brand or your customers. But, diligently run the numbers and consider not only the hard costs of producing the subscription products but also the time it will take to market, source, package and ship your subscription products to customers.
Related: 5 Tips for Growing Your Subscription Business
Create a paid membership community
People across the world are continuing to come together over shared interests and hobbies. A desire for connection and community has never been stronger, and product-based business owners are primed to facilitate this.
Rhino Parade, a paper goods and gift company based out of NYC, recently launched Rhino Rally, a protest postcard club that aims to make activism creative, personal and accessible. Customers can choose from three membership tiers, and each level includes educational content, physical products that are mailed to members and an online community. Rhino Parade took a single product — their protest postcards — and created a monthly membership for like-minded customers to connect, learn and take action.
Peloton is another example. They sell exercise equipment, but they also have a digital membership community that provides access to their workouts, instructors, playlists and connections with other Peloton users. The membership brings customers together to enhance the experience of using their products and in the process creating raving fans.
What are common interests, hobbies, wants or needs among your customers? How can you create an exclusive experience that involves your product and facilitate connections while charging a monthly fee?
Enhance your online sales channels
While you may already have a shoppable e-commerce site with all of your products, now is the time to get creative with how you’re selling online.
Where does your audience hang out? If you’re not sure, check Google Analytics to see where most of your website traffic comes from.
If your customers find you through Instagram, look into making your Instagram posts, stories and videos shoppable. If your customers are coming from Pinterest, perhaps you should invest in Pinterest advertising. If your customers are coming from word-of-mouth referrals, you may want to create an ambassador program.
Lean into what’s already working and explore how you can generate more sales with minimal effort.
Related: 3 Things You Need to Know About Launching a Product Business
Diversify your wholesale customers
I teach brands how to get their products on the shelves of retail shops big and small. My clients sell to Target, Nordstrom, Container Store and Barnes & Noble, to name a few. They also sell to independent brick & mortar shops throughout the world.
Wholesale is a volume game. To be successful with wholesale, you need to diversify your wholesale partners in size and types of stores.
Don’t overlook the smaller, independent retail shops as wholesale customers. They tend to order more frequently and pay on time, plus you can build long-lasting partnerships with these stores because you’re usually working directly with the store owner.
Think creatively about what types of stores would be a good fit for your products. One of my clients sells greeting cards, and her best wholesale account is a car wash. She happened to meet this buyer at a trade show, and he happened to place a really large order, then another, and those orders have continued for years now. Car washes were a retail segment she had never considered prior to working with this account. Stay open to opportunity.
Final takeaways
Despite the major shake-up we’ve had over the past year, businesses will continue starting, growing and thriving through 2021 and beyond. Continue tapping into your creativity, push further into what’s working in your business and stretch beyond your comfort zone to test new opportunities. Now is the perfect time to do something imperfectly.
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Lee Copp
A Limited Edition | Funniest Geek Behind A Firewall | Internet Marketer | Aspiring Actor | Full Blown Space Geek | Awesome Dude | Powerhouse Networker & Blogger
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The problem with multitasking is that the human brain cannot do certain things at the exact same time and able to fully process the information. For example, one could try to read a book and watch TV at the exact same time; however, instead of comprehending both inputs fully, one ends up either paying attention to the book or focusing on the television. As a result, neither is completed very well and time is wasted when shifting from one activity (the book) to the other one (the TV) and vice versa.
Yet, you CAN combine some tasks without diminishing your effectiveness or wasting time. The classic example would be chewing gum and walking. There are some ways that you can focus on several items concurrently. I call this strategy parallel tasking.
Here are some examples:
Walking and listening to an audio program
Traveling on an airplane and completing administrative tasks
Waiting in the doctor’s office and reading a book
Eating breakfast and having a meeting
The big advantage of parallel tasking is it does not encounter the ‘time cost’ of so-called multitasking as there is no switching. Both activities occur simultaneously without any confusion or reduced output. For example, the time spent waiting in the doctor’s office or flying in a plane is going to pass, regardless of what you choose to do. The best option is to take advantage of such moments and make them super productive. It does take some forethought and planning, but it is certainly worth the effort.
Remember: if parallel tasking is not an option due the nature of the tasks, I recommend you follow the serial tasking rules instead.
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A recent outbreak of the new corona virus has really shaken the entire world. There’s news relating to this particular outbreak in the headlines daily. Kind of scary really.
IMPORTANT!
Primarily, I’d kindly suggest that you read accurate info regarding the new corona virus and consequently, a COVID-19 disease.
There is a statement, you don’t require a face mask to protect yourself if you’re healthy. Only wear it if you are displaying symptoms of corona virus disease to avoid the spread of the virus to other people.
Please remember that there’s a lack of protection corona virus face mask around the world and they should be stored for health professionals. Please, consider this before buying anything.
Additionally, I encourage you to daily follow this news.
Toy may have daily videos about the pandemic and providing precise information, sourced from medical journals along with his experience working in the healthcare sector.
The every-day videos include upgrades on the worldwide implications of the pandemic, strategies for protecting oneself and one’s loved ones, and also a explanation of the mechanics of virus transfers, data, and so on.
Be safe.
Even with a few basic preventive actions, we could slow down the spreading of this virus. This implies also deciding on the best corona virus face mask to prevent (or at least reduced the chance) the corona virus to reach your circulatory system and infect you.
There are various sorts of masks on the market, rather than all them are very effective against this virus. Thus, which masks might be really protective?
Corona virus encounter mask
Kinds of corona virus encounter mask AGAINST THE NEW CORONA VIRUS
There are two major sort of mask: surgical and respirators.
A RESPIRATOR
A respirator is a device which prevents the wearer from inhaling aerosol materials such as mist, smoke, dust, vapours, gases. They also protect the wearer from airborne infectious agents such as corona virus, H1N1, SARS, and such.
A SURGICAL MASK
A surgical mask protects against disease representatives, transmitted by droplets (spit or secretions from the upper respiratory tract if exhaling).
This implies that it protects the patient from the health care provider. If it is worn by a contagious individual, then the face mask prevents him from contamination surroundings and people encircling him. They’re being worn out after 3 to eight hours of use.
These surgical masks shield also the individual from biological fluids if the mask includes a waterproof layer.
But a surgical mask doesn’t protect against airborne infectious agents.
MASK STANDARDS
Surgical masks and respirators all have various standards and regulations.
In Europe, they need to adhere to the European standard using 3 degrees of filtration efficiency. BFE1 BFE2 and Type R.
In the USA, they must adhere to the ASTM criteria, also with 3 degrees of protection. From low to high risk of exposure to fluids.
They examine the direction from inside to outside (direction of Exhalation).
RESPIRATOR face mask STANDARDS
In Europe, the respirators should stick to the European standard which has 3 levels of particulate respirators (FFP1, FFP2 and FFP3).
FFP2 — aerosol filter of at least 94% filtration percent and a maximum of 8 percent leakage to the inside. These types of respirators are employed in agriculture, construction, and against flu viruses. They are suitable for protection against the corona virus.
FFP1 — aerosol filtration of at least 80% and leakage into the interior of a maximum of 22 percent. These respirators are mainly utilized as a dust mask for protection in various kinds of work.
FFP3 — aerosol filtration of 99% filtration percentage and a maximum of 2% leakage into the inside.
These respirators would be the top filtering mask plus they shield against also quite fine particles like asbestos.
In the United States, respirators have to follow NIOSH STANDARDS. There are after types of respirators based upon the oil immunity.
Course N: no petroleum immunity. A differentiation is made from N95, N99, and N100. The figures indicate that the percentage of purification of suspended particles (95, 99 and 100%)
Course R: respirator is resistant to petroleum for up to eight hours. Also, the amount reflects the proportion of suspended particles.
Course P: This is a wholly oil-resistant respirator.
If you are a contagious patient: As soon as the disease is suspected, a patient should wear a surgical mask so that you minimise the possibility to infect other people.
If you are not infected: you have to wear a respirator of at least class FFP2 or N95 for the maximum filtration of aerosols and particles.
This means the ideal mask to avoid corona virus infection is really a respirator mask and NOT a surgical mask.
But before purchasing a face mask, carefully consider whether you need you in the first location. Face masks could be in short supply and they must NOT execute for each of the medical staff. With no being healthy and operative, we’re screwed anyway.
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Just for fun I asked each author to describe their hero and heroine with one word – The results are in and can be seen below each story blurb:
The Ice Hotel Wedding Test by Charmaine Pauls – Jess and Derrick have been together for twelve years. When Jess finally gives Derrick an ultimatum, tie the knot or set her free, he proposes a bizarre test to decide their destiny.
Hero Derrick: Stubborn
Heroine Jess: Caring
Love Thaws a Frozen Heart by Valerie J. Clarizio – Casey is hell bent on getting Noah to sign divorce papers. Hiding out at his camp, Noah is hell bent on not signing. Procuring a snowmobile, Casey sets out in a blinding snowstorm to find him. After crashing, she is near death when Noah finds her. Will a few cabin-bound days cause either of them to change their mind?
Hero Noah: Patient
Heroine Casey: Clueless
Lord of Ice by April Marcom – Jack Frost gave his heart to Lilly the day she was born, making her the perfect leverage for a fire spirit whose heart is set on becoming Lord of Ice.
Hero Jack: Immortal
Heroine Lilly: Winter-obsessed
Frozen Moments by Nancy Pennick (‘A Waiting For Dusk’ story) – Drew keeps proposing. Kate keeps saying no. It’s their little game. Can the holiday season change that? Kate has lost her best friend, and Drew does his best to cheer her up in this delightful story of love and memories.
Hero Drew: Romantic
Heroine Kate: Determined
Frozen In Time by Christina Kirby – Lizbeth travels the world as a freelance photographer and answers to no one. After her last relationship, that’s exactly how she wants her life to be, easy and all her own. Jonas is staying at his family’s cabin while he deals with the loss of a fellow fallen solider. He wants nothing more than to be left alone and to avoid Christmas. Neither plan on spending Christmas with a stranger or finding the person who’s exactly what each other needs.
Hero Jonas: Reserved
Heroine: Lizbeth: Adventurous
Frozen With Possibilities by Rhonda Brutt – A resort on the shores of Lake Superior in the middle of December was not exactly what Tiffany had in mind for a mid-winter vacation. But when she agreed to accompany her progressive grandmother on this frozen trip, she discovered that life is filled with possibilities, if you only go after them.
Hero Chad: Hard-working
Heroine Tiffany: Shy
Frozen Heart Thawing by Nicole Angeleen – In the depths of winter, Thomas Everett grudgingly meets his betrothed, Nila Sarvani, the daughter of a powerful sheikh. The passion they share takes them both by surprise, but the ruthlessness of American business threatens to tear them apart. Nila must decide if her dreams can be realized if she allows herself to fall in love.
Hero Thomas: Headstrong
Heroine Nila: Determined
Frozen Dreams by Elena Kane – In a world surrounded by snow and magic, Cara finds herself grossly out of place. Ridiculed by all, she lives her life in terror from perpetual bullies until she runs into a stranger in town. Ben is everything she always wanted, but never expected. Better yet, he sees past her differences. Could Ben be her dream come true?
Hero Ben: Caring
Heroine Cara: Different
Her Frozen Heart by Tara Fox Hall – Alaric has always loved the winter season, second only to his love of spells and sorcery. When his beautiful neighbor Cassandra reveals she’s a natural witch, he’s instantly smitten, even as he despairs of attracting her interest. Is there hope for a magical couple who thrive in different seasons?
Hero Alaric: Courageous
Heroine Cassandra: Mysterious
The Thawing of Holly’s Heart by Marilyn Gardiner – What happens when a single mother meets an old friend and, despite the conviction that she will never again open her heart to another man, finds herself falling in love?
Hero Will: Successful
Heroine Holly: Courageous
Falling On Ice by Bess Kingsley – After the horrible year ice sculptor Sam McLeod has had, falling off a ladder at Nationals into the arms of her nemesis is the absolute last thing she needs. Or is it?
Hero Jake: Gracious
Heroine Sam: Tough
CONTEST – For a chance to win an ecopy of Frozen, comment below this post, describing your ideal hero and/or heroine with just one word.
Frozen Bios
Nicole Angeleen is a writer from Shawnee, Kansas. When she is not writing, she spends her time reading on the beach, traveling, and being a rabid and obsessive sports fan.
Rhoda Brutt – Rhonda lives in the Minneapolis metropolitan area and enjoys swimming, concerts, and making up excuses to get out of cooking!
Valerie Clarizio – I grew up in the north woods in a house full of brothers. I can hunt, fish, and survive in the great outdoors with the best of them.
Marilyn Gardiner – Marilyn has published in many newspapers and magazines, taught a creative writing class, tutored adults learning to read, and volunteered in the public school system. Her book shelf holds eleven published novels, and two more not yet published.
Tara Fox Hall – Tara divides her free time unequally between writing novels and short stories, chainsawing firewood, caring for stray animals, sewing cat and dog beds for donation to animal shelters, and target practice.
Elena Kane – A country girl living each day to the fullest; creating characters that touch the heart and stick with you.
Bess Kingsley – Bess Kingsley is a contemporary romance writer living in North Carolina
Christina Kirby – A stay at home mom who loves books and traveling, though with two small kids the love of books is more convenient.
April Marcom – April Marcom is a teacher, author, and mother of three who enjoys the slow, peaceful life of the countryside.
Charmaine Pauls – South African born Charmaine Pauls is a gypsy at heart who loves to look at the world through the lens of her camera. Before taking up writing full time, the novelist worked in public relations, advertising, journalism and marketing. She resides in Chile with her husband and children.
Nancy Pennick – After a great career in teaching, Nancy found a second calling as a writer. She loves to travel, garden and have a good cup of tea nearby.
Buy Links:
Satin Romance: http://www.satinromance.com/authors/anth/2014/frozen.html
Smashwords: http://www.smashwords.com/books/view/486761
Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00OR2AGLK
4 thoughts on “FROZEN – New Release – Romance Anthology”
Gracie Lane Author says:
November 7, 2014 at 7:33 pm
Reblogged this on Gracie Lane – Erotic Romance Author.
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Sha'Mona Hagan says:
November 7, 2014 at 9:03 pm
Loyal
Reply
Valerie Clarizio says:
November 7, 2014 at 9:07 pm
Loyal is a good quality.
Reply
Valerie Clarizio says:
December 6, 2014 at 2:03 pm
Sha’Mona, you’ve scored yourself an ecopy of Frozen. Please email me at [email protected] and I’ll get a copy to you!
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Home/Entertainment/Prince Philip begins his eighth day in hospital after being admitted for ‘a few days’
Entertainment
Prince Philip begins his eighth day in hospital after being admitted for ‘a few days’
February 23, 2021
8 minutes read
The Duke of Edinburgh’s stay in hospital entered an eighth day today amid continuing concerns for his health because he was only expected to stay in for a few days at most.
Prince Philip, 99, walked into the private King Edward VII Hospital in Marylebone a week ago for treatment for an unspecified issue.
He has spent his seventh night in hospital after he was admitted last Tuesday for ‘observation and rest’ after being taken ill – but was said to be in ‘good spirits’.
There was some good news yesterday when Prince William revealed that his 99-year-old grandfather was ‘OK’ in hospital, adding that doctors were ‘keeping an eye on him’.
The Duke of Cambridge was asked how Philip was doing during a visit to a vaccination centre in King’s Lynn and replied: ‘Yes, he’s OK, they’re keeping an eye on him’.
The Duke was admitted to King Edward VII Hospital in London’s Marylebone, pictured today, where he is starting his eighth day there
Two people at the scene claimed William then lightened the mood by giving a playful wink, but this was not visible in video footage of the exchange.
William also spoke to NHS staff and volunteers about being involved in the Covid-19 vaccination programme with Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust.
It comes after Prince Charles made a 200-mile round trip to see Philip in hospital over the weekend, which royal experts claimed may have been to reassure the Duke about his other grandson Prince Harry and the continuing turmoil caused by Megxit.
Charles’s surprise visit to Philip’s bedside on Saturday afternoon is likely to have touched on the ‘momentous’ events since he was admitted to hospital last Tuesday.
Royal author Penny Junor said while she did not know the reason for Charles’s visit, Harry is likely to have come up.
She said: ‘Momentous things are happening in the family at the moment and I suppose it’s perfectly possible that Charles wanted to go and talk to his father and reassure him about Harry.’
The hospital’s website states visitors will ‘only be considered in exceptional circumstances’. Philip has received no further visits from royal family members since his eldest son, Charles, attended King Edward VII Hospital.
The duke was admitted to the hospital on Tuesday evening as a precautionary measure after feeling unwell. He is said to have walked in unaided. Buckingham Palace said there was no update on the duke’s condition, having previously said he was ‘in good spirits’.
His eldest son Charles made a 200-mile round-trip from his home at Highgrove in Gloucestershire on Saturday afternoon. Charles was the first member of the royal family to visit the duke and it is understood that his visit was due to his father’s extended stay.
There are no further visits to the duke by family members, though police and security cars remained in place at the hospital.
Prince Philip get into a car as he leaves King Edward VII Hospital in London during a previous visit in December 2019
Sources previously said that Philip was likely to remain in hospital into the coming week for ‘observation and rest’.
Heart-shaped balloons and a letter written by a ten-year-old boy from North London, wishing the duke a quick recovery, were tied to the hospital railings.
Philip, who will turn 100 on June 10, is in hospital for an undisclosed reason although it is not coronavirus-related.
Princess Eugenie introduced her new-born son August Philip Hawke Brooksbank to the world over the weekend.
Eugenie, 30, said on Instagram that he was named in part after Queen Victoria’s husband Prince Albert, whose full name was Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel.
The baby’s name also includes a tribute to the princess’s grandfather Prince Philip, 99, who remained in hospital over the weekend after being admitted for ‘observation and rest’ last Tuesday.
Eugenie shared a photo on Instagram with husband Jack Brooksbank, 34, and their new arrival wrapped in a blue blanket almost two weeks after his birth on February 9.
Prince Charles, pictured following his visit to the Duke of Edinburgh in London on Saturday afternoon, made a 200-mile round trip to spend half an hour at Philip’s side
The Prince of Wales is pictured arriving at King Edward VII Hospital in London on Saturday
The post said: ‘Thank you for so many wonderful messages. Our hearts are full of love for this little human, words can’t express.’
Baby August – the Queen’s ninth great-grandchild – will not have a royal title or role
Meanwhile William is said to have been left ‘really sad and genuinely shocked’ by his brother’s behaviour towards the Queen after Harry and Meghan were cast out as working royals.
The Duke of Cambridge is said to be ‘very upset by what has happened’ and feels Harry has been ‘insulting and disrespectful’ to their grandmother.
The relationship between the two brothers was strained before Friday’s announcement that the Duke and Duchess of Sussex had been stripped of their remaining roles after their 12-month trial separation from royal life and move to the US.
The couple then issued a sharp rebuke, declaring they would offer ‘continued support to the organisations they have represented regardless of official role’.
They signed off: ‘We can all live a life of service. Service is universal.’
Sources close to the monarch told The Sunday Times that the riposte was ‘petulant and insulting to the Queen’.
A source told the Mail: ‘Their statement in response to the Queen’s heartfelt sentiment that the couple are still much-loved members of her family was considered highly disrespectful.’
The source added: ‘At the end of the day this was all their [Harry and Meghan’s] decision.
Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s controversial interview with Oprah Winfey was filmed at their mansion in California, where they are pictured in the garden last September
‘They asked to explore an ‘alternate way’ but the only alternative is that you are either a public servant or you aren’t. She made her view clear from the start and hasn’t ever deviated from that.
‘People [in the household] would have liked a different outcome. Harry and Meghan clearly could have made a very positive contribution to public life in the UK. But from the start they made clear they were only ever interested in pursuing this quasi-royal role.
‘It seems Harry genuinely thought he could persuade Her Majesty of the merits of that. But she has always been clear on this point – you cannot pursue commercial interests while undertaking public duties. It is untenable.’
Another source suggested that there has been widespread exasperation at the ‘inflammatory’ statement and determination to ‘always have the last word’.
They said the Queen had no choice but to act as the situation ‘wasn’t fair’ on the charities and organisations that rely on royal patronage.
Sources said William, 38, felt under pressure over the potential increased workload following his brother’s decision to step back from royal life. One told the Sunday Times: ‘His future looks different because of his brother’s choices – it’s not easy.’
They added: ‘They had shared everything about their lives – an office, a foundation, meetings together most days – and there was a lot of fun along the way. He’ll miss it for ever.’
Prince Charles left the hospital shortly before 4pm on Saturday, half an hour after arriving
Harry, 36, and Meghan, 39, have been interviewed by Oprah Winfrey for a ‘tell-all’ discussion
Sources stressed to the Mail that relations between the brothers ‘were not good’, adding: ‘He’s genuinely sad his brother won’t be standing shoulder to shoulder with him.’ However, William, the Queen and the Sussexes are all said to be eager to ease tensions.
One obstacle to improved relations may prove to be the ‘tell-all’ TV interview Harry, 36, and Meghan, 39, have agreed to do with Oprah Winfrey.
It is thought they pre-recorded it at their home in California at the start of last week. On Friday Miss Winfrey – a friend and neighbour of the couple who attended their wedding in 2018 – was seen boarding her private jet near their £11million home in Montecito.
It remains to be seen whether the couple will carry out any additional interviews with Miss Winfrey in light of Friday’s announcement.
The Queen was reportedly ‘blindsided’ by the interview, which will be shown on March 7.
Prince William visits local vaccination centre to praise work of staff and volunteers
The Duke of Cambridge has said he would be at the ‘front of the queue’ for a coronavirus jab to prove it is OK – but will ‘wait my turn’.
William’s comments came during his first official in-person event of the year – a visit to his local Covid-19 vaccination centre at the King’s Lynn Corn Exchange, a few miles from his Norfolk home.
The duke, who contracted coronavirus last year, walked through the centre, stopping to speak to staff and volunteers at each stage of the process, as well as people receiving their jabs.
He asked vaccinator Debbie Rudd, 50, whether the patients were nervous, adding: ‘I’d be at the front of the queue if I could, just to prove that it’s OK, but I have to wait my turn.’
The Duke of Cambridge wears a face mask as he visits a coronavirus vaccination centre at Kings Lynn Corn Exchange
William kept his coronavirus diagnosis last spring a secret, with the Sun newspaper, which first revealed it, reporting that the duke did not want to alarm the nation at a time when Prime Minister Boris Johnson was seriously ill with Covid-19 and the Prince of Wales was also recovering from the virus.
William’s visit comes amid an eventful period for the monarchy, with the Duke and Duchess of Sussex stripped of their patronages after the couple confirmed they had permanently stepped down as working royals.
And the Duke of Edinburgh remains in hospital after feeling unwell and being admitted to the King Edward VII’s Hospital in London last week for ‘observation and rest’.
At the end of his tour of the inoculation hub, William was asked about Philip. He replied: ‘Yes, he’s OK – they’re keeping an eye on him’.
The vaccination centre at King’s Lynn opened on February 1 and has delivered thousands of Covid jabs every week since.
Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust delivers the four large-scale vaccination centres across Cambridgeshire, Peterborough, Norfolk and Waveney, alongside a number of GP and pharmacy-led sites.
During his visit, the duke also hailed new research suggesting that the vaccines are reducing hospital admissions by a significant amount.
Prince William speaks to Geoff Smyth, 66, who was waiting to be vaccinated as he visits King’s Lynn Corn Exchange Vaccination Centre
‘The studies that have come out today talk about 90% to 95%, don’t they?’ he said.
‘That’s pretty good, isn’t it? We are a little bit sceptical at times but it’s good news.’
As he made his way around the centre, William showed particular interest in the process of drawing up the vaccine, asking nurse Margot Smith, 52, how it is done and noting that the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine is easier to store than the Pfizer drug.
Ms Smith showed him how she drew 0.5 millilitre of the vaccine into a vial and then transferred it into a syringe.
‘How many doses are in a vial?’ William asked, adding: ‘You get through a lot of needles, I imagine.’
When told Ms Smith was a school immuniser, he said: ‘You’re probably very used to this work, and on this scale – just getting the job done.’
He asked if schools are now getting behind with their own vaccination programmes, adding: ‘Will you have to play catch-up on that as well?
‘There’s nothing like a challenge. Honestly, you guys have overcome every challenge that’s been thrown at you. Brilliant work.’
On arrival, the duke made a beeline for patient Geoff Smyth, 66, from Hunstanton, who was waiting to get his jab.
William speaks to a nurse at King’s Lynn Corn Exchange Vaccination Centre
Taking a seat, William asked: ‘Are you going to go next? I bet you just want to get it done.’
He inquired how Mr Smyth had been keeping through lockdown and whether he had managed to keep himself busy.
‘It’s all a bit weird though, isn’t it?’ he admitted. ‘A bit odd.’
Finally, the duke met volunteers Fliss and Stewart Davidson, from Downham Market, who usually run an event photography business.
Mrs Davidson, 54, said: ‘We’ve been volunteering for around a month. We love it. We’re really enjoying doing it and we’re glad to be able to help out.
‘The atmosphere is so positive, it’s all smiles and laughter and goodwill.’
William asked how many days they had been working at the centre, and added: ‘It’s amazing how adaptable we can be when we need to be. It’s made us reassess our priorities. When the chips are down…’
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Netflix continue search for 'talented' teen to play William in next series of the Crown | Royal | News - World News From Politics
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Netflix continue search for ‘talented’ teen to play William in next series of the Crown | Royal | News
November 3, 2021 admin_ond5qy8l
The streaming service will continue its search for a teen Duke of Cambridge until as late as Friday, the MailOnline reports The news comes just weeks before Netflix will start filming for the fifth series of the royal drama.
However, William’s role is said to be highly controversial as it is believed the series could involve the Firm’s reaction to Princess Diana’s death.
According to the MailOnline’s report, there are growing concerns among UK parents about taking on the royal role.
“A lot of parents would think twice before letting their son appear in such a drama,” a source said.
They added: “It’s going to be a harrowing role that will create a major backlash.”
JUST IN: Prince Harry’s inherited habit from Prince Charles confuses Meghan Markle
But Netflix’s lengthy hiring process is far from surprising.
A spokesman from the streaming service said: “‘We are well into the process and all is well. Child casting in general just takes longer.”
The job description said Netflix was looking for: “A boy aged between 13 and 15 years old to play 13-year-old Prince William in the next series… talented, intelligent and sensitive boy who can rise to the challenge of playing this famous character alongside leading British acting talent.”
Timothee Sambor, 11, will play an even younger version of Prince William.
READ MORE: Harry and Meghan ensure they’re heard while royals attend COP with Archewell energy pledge
While the streaming service has not yet decided who will play the Duke of Cambridge, Netflix has announced who will play Prince Charles and Lady Diana-Spencer.
English actor Dominic West, 52, has been cast to play the Prince of Wales.
Whereas, Australian actress Elizabeth Debicki, 31, will play Diana.
Harry Potter star Imelda Staunton, 65, will also follow in the footsteps of Olivia Colman, 47, and Claire Foy, 37, by playing the Queen.
DON’T MISS:
Royal Family: Sussexes climate bid met with silence [LIVE]
Meghan and Harry jet row explodes ahead of COP26 [REVEALED]
Sophie Wessex and Prince Edward’s ‘emotional turmoil’ in Royal Family [INSIGHT]
The Sun reports how the Netflix series is also set to defy Prince William’s call to cut Diana’s controversial interview with the BBC journalist Martin Bashir in 1995 from the penultimate series.
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The COVID-19 vaccine has been mandated across the Department of Defense and despite its demonstrated effectiveness and safety, a host of myths have left some Airmen and Guardians hesitant to receive it.
9 Sep 2021
Department of the Air Force releases reports on Racial Disparity Review update, second disparity review
The Department of the Air Force released a progress update on the Inspector General Independent Racial Disparity Review and a second disparity review report Sept. 9.
9 Sep 2021
Department of Defense Guidance for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Attestation and Screening Testing for Unvaccinated Personnel
Today, the Department of Defense released Force Health Protection Guidance (Supplement 23) which provides guidance for implementing additional force health protection and workplace safety measures directed by the White House Safer Federal Workforce Task Force to reduce the transmission of the virus that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
2 Sep 2021
COMACC directs new C2 capability
Command and Control Incident Management Emergency Response Application is being directed for use by all ACC installations as a result of the application's successful implementation across more than 40 Air Force Installations.
18 May 2021
1AF completes BLUE FLAG 21-1 homeland defense exercise
Members of Continental U.S. NORAD Region (CONR) – 1st Air Force (Air Forces Northern) completed a week-long BLUE FLAG exercise May 14 focused on refining processes to defend North America against cyber, cruise missile and other air, space and cyber domains threats.
23 Mar 2021
Sword Athena 2021 launches with virtual ceremony
Air Combat Command launched the second iteration of its Sword Athena (SA) leadership development & action-oriented event with a virtual ceremony, March 23, 2020. Over the next 60 days, nominees from across the command will work to solve stressors for Airmen and their families identified after last year’s event, through online crowdsourcing, and nominees’ experiences while collaborating in Mission Area Working Groups (MAWGs).
19 Feb 2021
COVID-19 vaccine does not affect fertility, immunization experts say
You're pregnant, or you’re breastfeeding. Should you get a COVID-19 vaccine? That’s a question on the minds of many military frontline health care workers today. The short answer is that it’s an individual’s choice, and military health experts say the vaccine is well worth considering.
23 Nov 2020
Celebrating Thanksgiving Safely
Traditional Thanksgiving gatherings with family and friends are fun but can increase the chances of getting or spreading COVID-19 or the flu. Follow these tips to make your Thanksgiving holiday safer.
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As part of its review into differential pricing in the insurance sector, the Central Bank of Ireland (the CBI) has published consumer friendly information in the form of a list of questions and answers on differential pricing. The publication explains the CBI's investigation into dual pricing and describes how it can affect the price of car and home insurance. The CBI encourages consumers to shop around when taking out or renewing their policy and explains how this can be done.
Rescission of Guidelines on Reinsurance Cover of Primary Insurers and the Security of their Reinsurers
On 5 October 2020, the CBI released an insurance policy update noting that it has rescinded the guidelines on the Reinsurance Cover of Primary Insurers and the Security of their Reinsurers from 14 September for undertakings subject to Solvency II. The guidelines were retained post the introduction of Solvency II pending further review. As a result of this review, the CBI has concluded that the guidelines are no longer relevant to (re)insurance undertakings subject to Solvency II. However, they will continue to apply for non-Solvency II undertakings.
The CBI Publishes its latest quarterly newsletter
The CBI recently published the latest edition of its Insurance Quarterly Newsletter. This is the first newsletter published in 2020 as it was temporarily suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Featured topics include the ongoing uncertainty in the insurance sector due to COVID-19 and related expectations of the CBI for firms; business interruption insurance; the recently published differential pricing industry letter; and diversity & inclusion in the insurance sector. The newsletter provides a series of additional updates on a range of topics including, for example: the CBI's plan to issue an emerging risk survey later this year and the CBI's consultation on recovery and resolution planning.
Government publish the eleventh and final Progress Report of the Cost of Insurance Working Group
On 30 October 2020, the Eleventh and Final Progress Report of the Cost of Insurance Working Group (the CIWG) was published by the Department of Finance. The report covers the work carried out by the CIWG to date in 2020. The report deals with a number of topics including the cost of motor insurance and the cost of employer and public liability insurance.
This is the final report of the CIWG. The reform agenda outlined in the Programme for Government will be led by the newly established Cabinet Committee on Economic Recovery and Investment’s sub-Group on Insurance Reform.
EUROPEAN
EIOPA issues its key priorities in light of the COVID-19 pandemic
On 30 September 2020, EIOPA outlined its key priorities for 2021-2023 in the Single Programming Document, adopted by the EIOPA Board of Supervisors on 29 September 2020. EIOPA's priorities take into account the current market situation in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as political priorities defined by the European Commission and include (among other matters):
COVID-19 crisis management, risk mitigation and active support to the recovery of the European economy
consumer protection in light of increasing risks emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic
digitalisation and cyber risk
sustainable finance
supervisory convergence
financial stability of the insurance and occupational pensions sectors as well as the introduction of the pan-European Personal Pension Product
EIOPA launches study on diversification models
On 1 October 2020, EIOPA launched a study into diversification in internal models.
The objectives of the study are:
to gain an overview of the current approaches in the market and, on a best effort basis, analyse and compare the levels of diversification
to facilitate a better understanding of modelling dependencies, aggregation and resulting diversification benefits
to enhance quality and convergence of supervision on diversification in internal models
Insurance undertakings must submit results to their group national supervisory authority by 15 January 2021.
EIOPA consults on the supervision of the use of climate change scenarios in ORSAs
On 5 October 2020, EIOPA published a consultation on the use of climate change risk scenarios in the Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA) in the form of a draft supervisory opinion. The opinion sets out EIOPA’s expectations to national competent authorities on how to supervise the integration of climate change scenarios by insurers in their ORSA, applying a risk based and proportionate approach. The opinion also provides practical guidance on the selection and implementation of scenarios. This consultation is a follow-up to EIOPA's Opinion on Sustainability within Solvency II dated 30 September 2019 and EIOPA has invited stakeholders to provide their views on the consultation by filling in the survey by 5 January 2021.
EIOPA publishes its approach to the supervision of product oversight and governance
On 8 October 2020, EIOPA outlined its approach to the supervision of product oversight and governance (POG) requirements. The paper aims to support insurance manufacturers and distributors when implementing their own POG policies and to facilitate their engagement with national supervisors. Insurance manufacturers and distributors should take into account their business model, product complexity, and characteristics of the target market in their policies and processes. Supervisors will focus on how insurers and distributors ensure customer-centric business product design, approval and distribution process with adequate systems and controls in place by:
establishing whether target markets for each product are adequately defined
assessing whether product testing sufficiently assesses the fairness and the value of each product
determining whether distribution strategies are adequate
EIOPA's approach to POG supervision is based on the IDD requirements and aims to provide clarity for insurance manufacturers and distributors on what to expect from the supervisory approach to POG requirements.
EIOPA publishes updates regarding information for Solvency II relevant risk free interest rate term structures, symmetric adjustment to equity risk and representative portfolios for calculation of volatility adjustments
On 5 October 2020, EIOPA published updated technical information on the symmetric adjustment of the equity capital charge and risk free interest rate term structures for Solvency II purposes with reference to the end of September in both cases. On the same date, EIOPA published updated representative portfolios that will be used for calculation of the volatility adjustments to the relevant risk free interest rate term structures for Solvency II.
EIOPA finalises guidelines on information and communication technology security and governance
On 12 October 2020, EIOPA published its final guidelines on information and communication technology security and governance. The ICT guidelines seek to enhance the operational resilience of insurance and reinsurance undertakings' digital operations.
In particular, the ICT guidelines:
provide transparency to market participants on the minimum expected information and cyber security capabilities
avoid potential regulatory arbitrage
foster supervisory convergence regarding the expectations and processes applicable in relation to ICT security and governance
The ICT guidelines shall apply from 1 July 2021.
EIOPA publishes third annual European Insurance Overview
On 21 October 2020, EIOPA published its Annual European Insurance Overview (AEIO). The AEIO provides a user-friendly overview of the European (re)insurance sector which is based on annually reported Solvency II information for the year-end 2019. The AEIO is aimed at supporting the supervisory community and industry with highly relevant and easily accessible data at European level with the information contained in the report entirely date driven. The AEIO covers a number of topics including an overview of the life and non-life markets, information on solvency and capitalisation and information on investments made by the European (re)insurance sector.
EIOPA calls on insurance sector to complete preparations for the end of the UK transition period
On 13 October 2020, EIOPA issued a statement urging the insurance sector to finalise preparation and implement suitable and realistic contingency plans in advance of the end of the UK's transition period on 31 December 2020. In particular, EIOPA encouraged the insurance sector to ensure that that there are measures in place to prevent insurance activity without authorisation and ensure service continuity of cross-border business in order to minimise the detriment to policyholders or beneficiaries.
Additionally, EIOPA also reminded insurance undertaking and intermediaries of their duty to inform customers about the possible impact of the UK's withdrawal from the EU. EIOPA confirmed that it will continue to monitor preparations of the insurance sector, with a particular emphasis on the development and implementation of contingency plans.
EIOPA launches targeted training on insurance supervision
On 21 October 2020, EIOPA launched a program of targeted training on insurance supervision for 17 national competent authorities. The training is intended to enhance the supervisory capacity of insurance national competent authorities to reinforce:
high-quality and effective supervision
protection of policyholders and beneficiaries
financial stability
The intention is that the training will promote a common supervisory culture and enable national supervisory authorities to implement the necessary practices and supervise compliance with Solvency II requirements.
For more information on these topics please contact any member of A&L Goodbody's Insurance & Reinsurance team.
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I'm a product detail. I'm a great place to add more information about your product such as sizing, material, care and cleaning instructions. This is also a great space to write what makes this product special and how your customers can benefit from this item.
RETURN & REFUND POLICY
I’m a Return and Refund policy. I’m a great place to let your customers know what to do in case they are dissatisfied with their purchase. Having a straightforward refund or exchange policy is a great way to build trust and reassure your customers that they can buy with confidence.
SHIPPING INFO
I'm a shipping policy. I'm a great place to add more information about your shipping methods, packaging and cost. Providing straightforward information about your shipping policy is a great way to build trust and reassure your customers that they can buy from you with confidence.
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0.999999 |
Create a blog post subtitle that summarizes your post in a few short, punchy sentences and entices your audience to continue reading.
Welcome to your blog post. Use this space to connect with your readers and potential customers in a way that’s current and interesting. Think of it as an ongoing conversation where you can share updates about business, trends, news, and more.
“Do you have a design in mind for your blog? Whether you prefer a trendy postcard look or you’re going for a more editorial style blog - there’s a stunning layout for everyone.”
You’ll be posting loads of engaging content, so be sure to keep your blog organized with Categories that also allow visitors to explore more of what interests them.
Create Relevant Content
Writing a blog is a great way to position yourself as an authority in your field and captivate your readers’ attention. Do you want to improve your site’s SEO ranking? Consider topics that focus on relevant keywords and relate back to your website or business. You can also add hashtags (#vacation #dream #summer) throughout your posts to reach more people, and help visitors search for relevant content.
Blogging gives your site a voice, so let your business’ personality shine through. Choose a great image to feature in your post or add a video for extra engagement. Are you ready to get started? Simply create a new post now.
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British spies were briefed about dossier on Trump’s ties to Russia months before he knew it existed | Daily Mail Online
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British spy chiefs were briefed about dossier on Trump's ties to Russia that contained lewd allegations about the President and prostitutes – months before he even knew it existed
Christopher Steele told one of Theresa May's top security advisors about memos
His dossier contained allegations that Trump hired prostitutes in a Moscow hotel
It also contained allegations of Russian interference in Trump's 2016 campaign
May's advisor was told about the 'dirty dossier' before Trump found out about it
By Hannah Dawson For The Daily Mail and Chris Dyer For Mailonline
Published: 20:55 EST, 19 May 2019 | Updated: 21:11 EST, 19 May 2019
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Christopher Steele, the ex-spy behind the Trump dossier, told one of Theresa May's security advisors about his memos
British spy chiefs were secretly briefed on a dossier about Donald Trump's ties to Russia – months before the President even knew it existed.
Christopher Steele wrote a report made up of 17 memos which made wild claims, denied by Trump, that he ordered prostitutes to carry out 'degrading sex acts' including 'golden showers' in a Moscow hotel, which was secretly filmed by the Kremlin's secret police.
British ex-intelligence officer Mr Steele told one of Theresa May's top security advisors about his memos which made up the 'dirty dossier', as well as the heads of MI6 and MI5, in the weeks after Mr Trump was elected in 2016, The Daily Telegraph reported.
Mr Trump only learned of the allegations in January 2017 when he was alerted by the FBI. Days later the website BuzzFeed published the full version online.
Mr Steele's dossier was full of allegations that Mr Trump dismissed as a 'failing pile of garbage', including that he hired prostitutes to perform a sex act in a Moscow hotel.
It also contained allegations of Russian interference in Mr Trump's election campaign.
A report by US Special Counsel Robert Mueller, published this year, concluded there was no collusion by the Trump campaign.
Trump attends final of the competition Miss Universe 2013 in Crocus City Hall in Moscow
One of Prime Minister Theresa May's top security advisors was told about the 'dirty dossier' before Trump found out about it, but the PM was reportedly not informed about it
Mueller's team found no evidence of these claims or tape.
Another claim - that former Trump attorney Michael Cohen met with Russian officials in Prague - was also not stood up and no evidence of it was found by Mueller.
Steele, who runs a private intelligence firm, had supplied a dossier to an outside company used by Hillary Clinton's election committee.
Mr Steele first approached British intelligence at the £1.7million home of Sir Charles Farr, the chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee, in Wimbledon, south-west London.
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Mr Farr, who died in February at 59, was one of Mrs May's top counter-terrorism advisors at the Home Office.
After leading MI6's Russia desk, Mr Steele set up a private firm, and was hired by Fusion GPS, a US research company being paid by Hillary Clinton's campaign.
After meeting Mr Farr, it was concluded that the 17-memo dossier needed to be reported higher.
Special counsel Robert Mueller could find no evidence backing up Christopher Steele's dossier claims, made up of 17 memos
It was shared with Alex Younger, MI6 chief, and Andrew Marker, MI5 director general.
No10 sources state Mrs May was never briefed on it.
Mr Steele went into hiding after the claims emerged in March 2017, sparking scandal around the world and a storm of controversy in Washington DC.
After the dossier was leaked and published, Mr Trump claimed 'sick people put that c**p together' and called the dossier 'fake' and 'phony'.
The president even suggested that US secret services had leaked the document to damage his reputation before his inauguration.
He debunked the 'golden shower' claim by saying: 'Does anyone believe that? I'm a germophobe'.
The dossier was said to have been used as part of the FBI's justification in launching a probe into the 2016 Trump campaign that is now the subject of controversy over the use of surveillance.
Trump has also claimed UK intelligence services were involved in spying on his campaign.
Former FBI director James Comey famously briefed Trump on the contents of the dossier and its salacious unverified claims after the election, during the transition.
Trump would ultimately fire Comey after complaining about the Russia probe, in an incident that featured in Mueller's probe of possible obstruction of justice by the president.
The president is due to arrived in the UK for a state visit on June 3 for a three-day trip.
Mr Steele spied in Moscow in the 1990s and is believed to have been one of Britain's most senior intelligence officers in Russia as the Soviet Union collapsed.
After leaving the service he formed Orbis Business Intelligence, a London-based firm which gathers 'strategic insight and intelligence' for corporate clients, including helping the FBI uncover corruption at FIFA.
Steele's work led to a lucrative deal to dig for dirt on Trump's dealings with Russia, and he was paid Steele paid $168,000 by US-based company Fusion GPS.
Fustion had been paid $1.8million via lawyers representing the Democrats and the Hillary Clinton campaign.
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0.999989 |
The earliest record of the Third Degree being conferred in a Lodge is in Lodge Dumbarton Kilwinning, No.18.
The first minute book of Dumbarton Kilwinning Lodge No 18 begins:
"At the Lodge meeting of Dunbritton [Dumbarton] 20 January 1726. The which day being the first meeting of the Masons there after their constitution, there were present John Hamilton, Grand Master, accompanied with seven Master Masons, six Fellows of Craft and three Entered Apprentices"
The individuals present are named in the minute book, with Charles Kirkpatrick being recorded as absent.
1. RWM John Hamilton
2. MM John Campbell
3. MM James Brock
4. MM George McGee
5. MM James Nicoll
6. MM William Wallace
7. MM James McFarland
8. MM Walter Williamson
9. FC John McLauchlan
10. FC James Wallace
11. FC James Colquhoun
12. FC William Mitchell
13. FC Gabriel Portefield
14 FC Robert Fleming
15 EA James McArthur
16 EA John McNicoll
17 EA George Ritchie
18 EA Charles Kirkpatrick (Absent)
The minute for the next meeting of the Lodge, 25 March 1726, reads as follows:
"The said day Gabriel Porterfield by unanimous consent of the Masters was admitted and received a Master of the Fraternity, who renewed his oath and gave in his entry money in terms of the Constitution".
Brother Porterfield was one of the Fellows of Craft named in the minute of 20 January 1726
This is the earliest record in Scotland (and the world) of the raising of a Master Mason. There is no earlier LODGE record of the conferral of the Third Degree.
The first meeting of the Lodge of Dumbarton Kilwinning, No.18, as written in the Lodge's Minute Book shows that there were three 'types' of Freemason: Entered Apprentice, Fellow of Craft and Master.
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0.996981 |
In recent years, electric scooters have grown significantly in cities across the globe. Even despite being hit by the pandemic, the electric scooter industry has risen back as it has proven to be a convenient and safe way to commute. In fact, the global e-scooter market is estimated to reach over 29 billion EUR by 2026.
Because of its growing demand and popularity, many cities are also legalising electric scooters in public spaces and providing safety guidelines. Nonetheless, electric scooters in big cities have proven to be convenient and beneficial not only to commuters but also to cities. Here are just some of the economic and environmental benefits that cities can gain from legalising and implementing e-scooters:
Make commuting greener
The main advantage of promoting electric scooters is their overall environmental impact on cities. Since e-scooters don’t consume fuel, they also don’t produce harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. By encouraging commuters to ride e-scooters and other micro-mobile transportation, cities can reduce their carbon emissions.
In fact, a study by shared e-scooter provider Lime found that Paris saved over 330 tons of carbon emissions in just a year by implementing a shared e-scooter scheme in the city. Moreover, the study stated that if Paris continues to promote e-scooters, the city could save over 10,000 carbon emissions by 2030. If more cities worldwide can encourage commuters to use e-scooters, then the world can reduce carbon emissions significantly.
Help reduce road congestion
Traffic or road congestion is one of the biggest pain points of road transportation in cities, with inconvenient or inaccessible modes of transportation leading commuters to personal cars instead.
However, with electric scooters, cities can provide another mode of transportation that is affordable, convenient, and accessible for commuters. Ideally, as more people switch to e-scooters, cities can see fewer vehicles on the road, reducing congestion effectively. Since most commuters travel short distances, electric scooters are the perfect transportation system that can offer a personal mode of transport for short ranges.
Build greener transport infrastructures
Transportation infrastructure is also another factor that cities consider when it needs to expand its roads due to road congestion. With electric scooters, cities must also consider the necessary infrastructure to maximise its benefits. However, unlike infrastructures for cars, e-scooter infrastructure takes up less space and material to build.
For example, there would be no need to build large parking slots for e-scooters, with one car parking slot being able to park several e-scooters. This means cities don’t have to sacrifice space and nature to create transport infrastructures for e-scooters and other personal electric mobility devices.
Offer an affordable transport alternative
Unlike cars and car ride-sharing platforms, personal and shared electric scooters offer a more affordable way to move around the city. Depending on how far you need to go, shared e-scooters can sometimes be more affordable than public transportation.
Provide easy access and efficient mobility within the city
Since electric scooters are more affordable, they also offer better access to jobs, schools, and other opportunities within cities. People from the outskirts of the city can travel to other parts of the city due to the efficient mobility that e-scooters provide.
In fact, a Lime survey in Washington, DC found that 44% of riders use shared e-scooters to access their current work and other job opportunities. 57% of riders also use shared e-scooters regularly for work or school. By promoting electric scooters, cities can make shops, schools, work, and attractions more accessible.
Increase economic activity
Increasing mobility for cities means increasing their overall economic activity. By encouraging e-scooter use, locals and tourists can explore more of the city’s shops and attractions which will all contribute to the city’s growing economy.
Build sustainable and thriving cities
Although there are pros and cons of electric scooters in cities, e-scooters have proven that there are more advantages to implementing them. After all, a simple mobility solution can help build sustainable and economically thriving cities. With proper guidelines and infrastructure, more cities can leverage electric scooters and bring efficiency, affordability, and sustainability to their transport systems.
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0.999131 |
Kino Lorber continues its positively invaluable contribution to the posterity of film history by restoring and making publicly accessible one of the very first of the 3D movies from the 1950's, “Sangaree”.
Starting off this review to the uninitiated who may not have been reading past reviews at Films In Review by this reviewer, Kino's restored 3D films are not presented in the corny old red/cyan wrongly associated with the time period of the 1950's, but in full color, modern-technology 3D requiring one of the many 3D TV's still available, often used for a fraction of their original price and well-worth purchasing, for the growing line-up of the Kino library of 3D movies, restored by the impeccable 3-D Film Archive company, without question the last word in 3D motion picture restoration. Gathering the “right eye” negatives of the original releases, 3D Film Archive put grueling effort into presenting restorations from original negatives so absolutely crisp and pristine that the films are worth the modest purchase price even for the 2-D versions, alone.
Sangaree is of particular historical value for preservation as it contains a significant number of important film history firsts: It was Paramount Studio's first 3D production, it was the first Technicolor feature to be made in 3D, it was the first 3D feature with what was then an A-List cast of actors and it was the first 3D feature to be based on a novel.
Based on a popular novel of the time, and boasting impressive old Hollywood-style production values, Sangaree is the early-American story of the adopted son, fully grown as played Fernando Lamas, whose dying wealthy plantation owner father leaves to Lamas the plantation, a situation at odds with the father's seemingly scheming daughter, played by Arlene Dahl, who, naturally, wants the control and power of the sprawling estate, Sangaree, for herself.
The motion picture starts off admittedly unpromising as Lamas agrees to take possession at his dying father's bedside and is soon spied upon by Dahl, barefoot and simply dressed, pretending to be her own servant on the small steamer which takes Lamas to Sangaree. The story itself, however, builds up an impressive amount of dramatic steam as it unfolds and this reviewer was genuinely drawn-in and ultimately captivated by the interpersonal suspense punctuated by some extremely good fight and action scenes for the time. Of particular note was a barroom fight scene in which most of his character's stunts appeared to be acted-out by Lamas, himself. This production was originally 10 days into shooting in the conventional manner when the studio decided to produce it in 3D which took considerable time readjusting the production all the way around.
It must be noted that Lamas, early-on, grabs and forces a kiss upon Dahl's character with such seething violence, in a manner certain to be treated as a genuine act of assault today, that he makes Jack The Ripper look like Charlie Chaplin. What makes this scene particularly interesting to watch in a sort-of ambulance-chaser kind of way is that Lamas and Dahl were married the following year, which makes one wonder about the natural habits of both off-screen. Years later Dahl said, "Fernando and I has a wonderful time filming it and a great time promoting it." Hmmmmm. We just bet they did. “Actually, Fernando directed the love scenes.” confirmed Dahl in an interview with the 3-D Film Archive. “Before we shot the scene in the morning, the night before, we would rehearse and decide what we would do, and how we would do it, so we came prepared with each scene, much to the director's delight and chagrin..." .... Uh-huh.
While the romantic virtues of the story are predictable from the opening frames, happily for the audience, the road to the conclusion is not. There are plenty of interesting and unexpected twists and turns involving honor, schemes, confrontations, back-stabbing (one of which is literal) and logical action scenes which play out quite naturally, springing from the development of the story itself. These action scenes are unusual for the time insomuch as they do not feel forced or situations created to exploit them. This positive is doubtless due to the story being derived from a popular and likely well-written novel if the filmed screenplay is any indication.
The intensely saturated early-1950's Technicolor which many of us love is on spectacular display here, and an unusual variety of color schemes in art-and-costume direction for the year was thought-out and executed by the production, so Sangaree is often an unexpected colorful feast for the eye.
The cast is good with Dahl showing particular range of as her attitudes about the situation for which she is partially to blame unfolds.
As a 2-D film on its own merits, this reviewer can recommend Sangaree as a story well-worth watching which will entirely engage devotees of the golden age of Hollywood, action movie buffs and fans of romantic period dramas.
The 3-D version is extremely well-handled for the time, with 3-D Film Archive doing its usual first-rate, four-star job of correcting what one must assume were the invariable 1950's 3-D misalignments, otherwise the films original cinematographers were dead-straight-as-an-arrow on the handling of the 3D, which is also possible. The 3D is both fascinating and almost entirely without eye strain. Indeed, and funnily enough, the only genuine eye strain occurs outside of the actual production, on the 3-D Paramount Studios logo which opens and closes the film. The rest of the 3-D of the movie is beautifully handled, and such a lack of eye strain has to do with the shooting of the film, so credit for that aspect must be given to the production crew.
Candidly, this reviewer expected not to like Sangaree, which initially impressed this reviewer prima facia as an outdated chick flick for grandma. Instead, Sangaree treats its audience, then and now, to a wide range of thrills and dramatic situations. Needless to say, the aforementioned bar fight scene does include things thrown at the camera, and well-handled those moments are, too, allowing for the thrill and yet somehow not feeling like a corny exploitation of the process. The 3-D in Sangaree is outstanding in the manner in which it has been utilized and integrated into the story. Sangaree was a hit when released in 3D in 1953 and for good reason.
Sangaree comes recommended. It can be purchased very inexpensively from Kino Lorber and is well-worth the price for any motion picture collection, in 2-D or its outstanding 3D, both versions of which come in the same inexpensive package. Get it today.
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0.996813 |
Worried about the social and economic impact of telling thousands of people who have travelled from Greece and the UK to self-isolate, Cypriot authorities made a quick U-turn on Tuesday changing the advice to self-monitoring.
It seems the coronavirus helpline crashed after being inundated with calls – following the new guidelines – from worried travellers who have recently returned from a trip from two countries where Cypriots travel most to.
While the self-monitoring obligation also jeopardised the UK Royal visit of Prince Charles and Camilla on March 18-21.
Cyprus’ Health Ministry on Tuesday issued revised self-isolation instructions for people who do not have any symptoms but have travelled to the UK and Greece where is an outbreak of COVID-19.
The Health Ministry revised its instructions to the travelling public after Cyprus saw its first two coronavirus cases on Monday and Italy being put under complete lockdown to stop coronavirus spreading.
Authorities later had a change of mind and downgraded Britain and most of Greece to category 3 down from their category 2 status. No explanation was given for the decision.
All travellers in category 1 and 2 will be screened on arrival at Cyprus airports.
The ministry urges passengers coming from the following countries in the past 14 days to follow the instructions below:
Category 1:
All passengers who have lived or travelled to the below countries/ areas must go into isolation under medical supervision.
Hubei province in China
Italy
Iran
South Korea
Category 2:
All passengers who have lived or travelled to the below countries/ areas must self-isolate at home for 14 days (restrict close contact and movement, keep basic rules of hygiene and monitor and report symptoms).
Rest of China (excluding district of Hubei)
Japan
Hong Kong
Germany
France
Spain
Greece (prefectures of Achaia, Ilias, Zakynthos)
Category 3:
All passengers who have lived or travelled to the above countries/ areas must self-monitor without any restrictions to their movements and in the event of any symptoms must remain at home and contact 1420 giving their recent travel history.
– Switzerland
– Netherlands
– Sweden
– Belgium
– Singapore
– Greece
– United Kingdom
The Health Ministry advises the public to adhere to instructions on personal hygiene and take precautions.
If they have any symptoms which suggest a respiratory infection, they must IMMEDIATELY call the ambulance service at 1420.
The public should only call 1420 to report symptoms and not ask for general information.
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Amid spike of murder suicides, Hall task force focuses on supporting victims who may have ‘fallen through the cracks’
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Falcons lose in prime time against Green Bay
Packers score 25 unanswered points for victory
Green Bay Packers running back Alex Green (20) dives with a catch as Atlanta Falcons cornerback Brent Grimes (20) defends during the first half of Sunday's game at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. - photo by Pouya Dianat
ATLANTA — After a sluggish start for Aaron Rodgers and the Super Bowl champs, the result was the same.
Another win in Atlanta for the Green Bay Packers.
Following up on a blowout of the Falcons in last year’s playoffs, Rodgers threw for 396 yards and a pair of touchdowns to rally the Packers from an early 14-point hole, keeping Green Bay unbeaten with a 25-14 victory Sunday night.
The high-scoring Packers (5-0) were held without a touchdown in the first half by Atlanta (2-3), which was trying to make up for an embarrassing 48-21 loss to Green Bay last January.
The Falcons had the Georgia Dome rocking when they raced to a 14-0 lead early in the second quarter, scoring on their first two possessions. After that, the home fans had little to cheer about.
Green Bay settling for three field goals by Mason Crosby, closing to 14-9 before Rodgers got rolling. He connected with James Jones on a 70-yard touchdown that gave Green Bay its first lead late in the third. Then, on the first play of the fourth quarter, Rodgers connected with Greg Jennings on a 29-yard scoring play that stretched the lead to 22-14.
Crosby clinched it for the Packers with his fourth field goal, a 30-yarder with 1:10 remaining after Rodgers guided the Packers on another long drive, hitting every pass he needed until Green Bay was safely in range to wrap it up.
The Falcons looked as good as they have all season with those first two drives. Then, nothing.
Atlanta didn’t crack 200 total yards until late in the game. Matt Ryan had another tough night against the Packers, throwing for just 167 yards with two more interceptions after turning it over three times in that playoff debacle last January.
Playing behind a makeshift line — the Packers were without one starting tackle, and lost another to an injury in th4e first half — Rodgers was sacked four times and faced plenty of pressure.
No problem. The Super Bowl MVP still completed 26 of 39, even with a couple of drops, and kept converting big third downs. Astonishingly, he completed passes to a dozen receivers, with Jones hauling in five throws for 140 yards.
As if tired of hearing all week how dominant Green Bay was on offense, the Falcons showed off their own arsenal of weapons and plenty of imaginative play-calling the first two times they had the ball.
Taking the opening kickoff, Atlanta went 80 yards in 13 plays to grab a 7-0 lead on Ryan’s 5-yard touchdown pass to Roddy White. What was more impressive was the way the Falcons drove the field.
Ryan completed four throws to three receivers, and also hooked up with Jacquizz Rodgers on a lateral pass that went for 11 yards. Julio Jones ran for 17 yards on a reverse. Michael Turner carried it four times for 21 yards.
The Packers were driving for the matching score when Ryan Grant took a shot from Brent Grimes, knocking the ball loose. Vance Walker fell on the fumble at the Atlanta 40, giving it back to Ryan and the Falcons offense.
Ten more plays, and it was 14-0. Ryan completed four straight passes for 45 yards. Turner finished it off by powering over from the 1. The Georgia Dome was rocking, and the Falcons looked unstoppable.
But the Super Bowl champs weren’t going to just roll over.
Rodgers guided the Packers to the Atlanta 2 before a couple of sacks forced the first of Crosby’s field goals, this one from 32 yards. The Falcons went three-and-out, and Green Bay pushed it to the 7 fore a holding penalty stalled the drive. Crosby knocked through a 35-yarder with 13 seconds remaining in the half, sending the Packers to the locker room trailing just 14-6.
Green Bay got the ball to start the third quarter, but Rodgers was sacked again on the first play and the Packers actually had to punt — something they didn’t do at all in their playoff rout.
The Falcons were in field-goal range before an illegal use of hands penalty on Tyson Clabo knocked them back, forcing a punt. Rodgers threw the ball on six straight plays before Crosby trotted on again, this time to boom through a 56-yarder that matched the longest field goal in franchise history. Green Bay had cut the lead to 14-9, and an uneasy feeling settled over the raucous crowd.
That feeling was justified after another three-and-out for an Atlanta offense that suddenly couldn’t do anything right.
After the punt, the Packers finally took it to the end zone. In one play.
Rodgers dropped back and fired one deep down the middle to Jones, who got a step on Thomas DeCoud, took the throw without breaking stride and easily outran James Sanders for the 70-yard score. Just like that, the Packers had the lead for the first time. Even after failing on the 2-point try, they were up 15-14.
The lead grew on the first play of the fourth quarter. Rodgers threw over the middle to Jennings, who turned on a burst of speed to get around the corner, then stretched out with one hand to get the ball past the pylon for the 29-yard scoring play.
The Falcons were able to get some heat on Rodgers after the Packers lost another offensive tackle.
Left tackle Chad Clifton was bowled over by Atlanta defensive end Ray Edwards in the second quarter and remained on the turf, clutching his right leg. He had to be helped off the field, then was carted to the locker room with a hamstring injury.
Green Bay already was missing right tackle Bryan Bulaga, who sat out his second straight game with an ailing knee.
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Climb aboard a hop-on hop-off trolley and discover the wonders of Boston as you tour around the city. Choose between a 1 or 2-day ticket, and hop off at 18 stops throughout Boston close to more than 100 points of interest.
About this activity
Free cancellation
Cancel up to 24 hours in advance to receive a full refund
Covid-19 precautions
Special health and safety measures apply. Learn more
Mobile ticketing
Vouchers must be exchanged for tickets.
Duration 2 - 3 days
Check availability to see starting times.
Instant confirmation
Experience
Highlights
Hop on and off the trolley at any of its 18 stops
Visit more than 100 points of interest
See the bar where the TV show Cheers was filmed
Upgrade and save in Summer and include a 90-minute harbor cruise ($35 value)
Full description
Climb aboard Boston’s charming orange and green Old Town Trolley and visit more than 100 points of interest in the city at your own pace. Enjoy the freedom to hop on or off all day and discover the Cradle of Liberty’s many sights and attractions. From December to March, choose between the 1-day (silver), 2-day (gold), or 3-day (platinum) ticket options. From April until November, choose between the 1-day (silver), 1-day with harbor tour (gold) or 2-day with harbor tour (platinum) options. What better way to see Boston than by both land and sea? The Boston Trolley tour covers all the major areas including downtown, Beacon Hill, Back Bay, the theater district, and the waterfront. Friendly conductors narrate the tour, offering a fun mix of trivia and humorous stories. There are 18 stops conveniently located close to over 100 points of interest in Boston, these are: • New England Aquarium/Faneuil Hall Marketplace • Historic North End • USS Constitution/Charlestown Navy Yard • North Station/TD Banknorth Garden • Trolley Stop Store/ Theater District • Cheers 'The Original' • Copley Square/ Newbury St. Boutiques • Christian Science Plaza/ Symphony Hall • Copley Place Shopping Galleries • Back Bay and Hynes Convention Center • Charles Street/ Antique Row • Boston State House/ Boston Common • South Station/Boston Tea Party • Boston Convention and Exposition Center • Liberty Wharf • Seaport District All ticket options include discounted admission to the Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum.
Includes
1 or 2-day hop-on, hop-off day tour (depending on option chosen). Ticket valid until the end of business day on the day(s) of use
90-minute harbor cruise (Summer - if options chosen)
7.50 discount on admission to the Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum
Gratuities (optional)
Covid-19 precautions
Safety measures in place
All areas that customers touch are frequently cleaned
Select participants and date
Participants
Done
Date
Check availability
Prepare for the activity
Meeting point
Meeting point varies depending on option booked.
Boston: 1-Day Hop-On Hop-Off Trolley Tour
Boston: 1-Day Hop-On Hop-Off Boston Trolley with Harbor Tour
Boston: 2-Day Hop-On Hop-Off Trolley with Harbor Tour
Important information
Know before you go
Harbor Tours are seasonal and operate from April until November
From November until March, the following options will include an extra Hop-on Hop-off day as a replacement for the harbor cruise that is offered only from April to November:
- The Gold Pass will be a 2-day Hop-on Hop-off Tour
- The Platinum Pass will be a 3-day Hop-on Hop-off Tour
Effective from November 29: The last tour departure time from Stop 1 will be at 4 pm instead of 5 pm
No tours are scheduled on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, or Patriots Day
Hop-on hop-off tickets are valid until the end of the business day on the day(s) of use
From US$ 49.35 per person
Book now
Give this as a gift
Customer reviews
Overall rating
4.4 /5
based on 393 reviews
Review summary
Transportation
4.6/5
Value for money
4.4/5
Safety
4.6/5
Service
4.4/5
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We decided to stay on the bus for the whole tour to get a better sense of the city and then once we’d seen it all, decide what we would want to investigate further. We went back to tour the USS Constitution and the Tea Party Museum and they were great.
November 29, 2021
A
Anonymous – United States Verified GetYourGuide customer
Helpful?
Yes
We enjoyed the convenience of not trying to find a place to park at each place we wanted to go. We had adequate time to see the site and if you didn't get back in time to catch the trolley, you just caught the next one. The driver continually pointed out sites of interest, even if it wasn't a regular trolley stop. For us this is the best way to see a city.
Read more
October 20, 2021
B
Barbara – United States Verified GetYourGuide customer
Helpful?
Yes
Rode the trolley around town three full times in two days. Also did the harbor tour. And the ghosts and gravestones tour. All of our guides were very informative and interesting. Never heard the same exact tour twice. Each guide added different background flavors to the tours. Really enjoyed ourselves and felt it was money and time well spent.
Read more
October 4, 2021
L
Lee Ann – United States Verified GetYourGuide customer
Helpful?
Yes
See more reviews
Organized by
Historic Tours of America** - Boston
Product ID: 15344
United States
Massachusetts
Things to do in Boston
Faneuil Hall
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'Aisha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that there came Aflah the brother, of Abu'l-Qu'ais, who sought her permission (to enter) after seclusion was instituted, and Abu-Qu'ais was the father of 'Aisha by reason of fosterage. 'Aisha said: By Allah, I would not permit Aflah unless I have solicited the opinion of Allah's Messenger (May peace be upon him) for Abu Qulais has not suckled me, but his wife has given me suck. 'Aisha'(Allah be pleased with her) said: When Allah's Messenger (May peace be upon him) entered, I said: Allah's Messenger, Aflah is the brother of Abu'l-Qulais; he came to me to seek my permission for entering (the house). I did not like the idea of granting him permission until I had solicited your opinion. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (May peace be upon him) said: Grant him permission. 'Urwa said it was on account of this that 'Aisha used to say. What is unlawful by reason of consanguinity is unlawful by reason of fosterage.
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As a general rule of thumb, the Institue of Medicine of the National Academies recommends that children and adults consume 14 grams. of dietary fiber for every 1,000 calories of food eaten. Given the summary dietary fiber and calorie information presented above, there would be about 24.24 grams of dietary fiber per 1,000 calories of Babyfood, fruit, applesauce with banana, junior.
So, based on this information, can we consider Babyfood, fruit, applesauce with banana, junior to be a high fiber food? The answer is Yes.
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'Lion's Den' is the talent's first release following a creative hiatus, returning to the Irish music scene exactly one year since the industry shut down.
Experienced songstress Galia Arad has released the heartbreakingly beautiful new single ‘Lion’s Den’, recorded, mixed, and mastered in Camden Recording Studios in Dublin.
Having played the 3Arena, Dublin's Convention Centre, Glastonbury, the Royal Albert Hall and Kew Gardens to support veteran musician Jools Holland - whom she shares a manager with - Galia has much to brag about.
Galia's classical musician parents and classical voice training steered her directly into the arms of rock 'n' roll, but her genre-blending melodies have pop music's energy to them. Raised in Bloomington, Indiana, Galia later moved to Dublin in 2012 to further pursue her songwriting and recording after releasing two full-length albums, 2010's Ooh La Baby and 2015's This Is Lost. Her 2018 track 'Find Me' was another Hot Press Track of the Day.
Her award-winning song-writing has led to her music being featured in Netflix’s Felicity, Marvel's Cloak & Dagger and movies such as Marcia Gay Harden's After Words and has garnered nearly half a million streams online - with no publicity or PR team around her, until now.
With expressive lyrics, smooth vocals and a uniquely unpredictable sound, Galia Arad's poignant power as a rising musician is undeniable. It's surprising how long she's flown under the radar for, but her forthcoming releases are set to allow Arad to fully emerge into Ireland's mainstream music scene.
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"'Lion’s Den' was written over the span of a four year relationship - most of it written in the beginning stages," Galia said in a press release.
"It concluded and was finished being recorded in the midst of a heart shattering break-up, which is ridiculous considering the song’s recurring theme is: 'This is Worth A Broken Heart'. During the recording of the vocals at Camden Studios, Cian Boylan and Conor Brady who were producing it, had to wait in the control room for Galia to stop crying in order to finish the vocal. It was uncomfortable for everyone. The final take that was used was made up mostly of a one-take scratch vocal."
Listen to 'Lion's Den' below:
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On April 3, 2021, Microsoft and the US Army announced that they have been given the go-ahead to produce Hololens-based displays, called IVAS (Integrated Visual Augmentation System). IVAS is intended to provide improved situational awareness on the battlefield and to enable soldiers to share information and better coordinate their efforts.
According to Bloomfield, the deal has a value of as much as $21.9 billion over the next ten years.
Additional information from Alex Kipman, a Microsoft technical fellow, in a blog post announcing the deal said that Microsoft "has worked closely with the U.S. Army over the past two years, and together we pioneered Soldier Centered Design to enable rapid prototyping for a product to provide soldiers with the tools and capabilities necessary to achieve their mission." Here is the rest of the blog post.
Army moves Microsoft HoloLens-based headset from prototyping to production phase
The United States Army announced that it will work with Microsoft on the production phase of the Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) program as it moves from rapid prototyping to production and rapid fielding.
The IVAS headset, based on HoloLens and augmented by Microsoft Azure cloud services, delivers a platform that will keep Soldiers safer and make them more effective. The program delivers enhanced situational awareness, enabling information sharing and decision-making in a variety of scenarios.
We appreciate the partnership with the U.S. Army, and are thankful for their continued trust in transitioning IVAS from rapid prototyping to rapid fielding. We look forward to building on this successful partnership with the men and women of the U.S. Army Close Combat Force.
What does this all mean?
This news is good for the AR and Smartglasses industry. This will certainly be one of the biggest rollouts and tests of AR, in what may be extremely hostile conditions. Combined with recent news from nReal, Re'Flekt, ThirdEye and others announcing incremental advances in Smartglasses design, and increased uptake in enterprise, we see the sector moving forward much as we forecast in last year's Smartglasses Roadmap.
That movement is to ever-increased uptake for remote assistance, maintenance technicians, healthcare professionals, and many other applications where having the ability to overlay data on the real world, in text or graphic formats, adds value. We also are starting to see new developments in navigation, including Google's addition of in-building navigation for locations such as convention halls, airports, and malls. While mass-market, consumer-grade smartglasses are still several years away, the development of robust enterprise applications will provide the foundation for software used in consumer devices.
We are remain very bullish on smartglasses and AR and expect to see significant announcements this year in both hardware and software.
smartglasses microsoft US Army soldiers IVAS Hololens situational awareness Azure AR augmented reality
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The coronavirus outbreak in late 2019 shocked the entire planet then. Moreover, it continues influencing all fields of private and social interaction between people, makes businesses, state institutes, and governments change regular approaches towards multiple problems. As a result, the world went remote. Is it good? In some ways, yes. Most probably, you can work from home or stay there for long. But even if you dreamed about moving your workplace home from your office a lot in the past, sitting still inside those concrete blocks for over a year so far is already boring. Do you agree? If yes, then you might consider the opportunity to go camping. It’s absolutely cool to go to a place with a nice view, set a roof top tent on your car, enjoy nature, and rest from city routine. However, isolation and quarantine restrictions applying worldwide might get you confused: is it allowed to camp in Australia nowadays? The answer is – yes. Tourism admirers in Australia can grab their gear and go camping. Though, the government and local authorities want them to keep up with safety measures even when going off-road and outside regular public places. Before You Go Camping: Additional Regulations Before you start packing your bag for the next trip, make sure you checked the latest COVID-referred news in your region. In case the situation’s thought to be getting worse, maybe it is better to refuse a hike at all. Additionally, don’t forget to check governmental websites and press releases attentively to know if it is actually allowed to go camping in the area you want to visit. Additional restrictions and requirements may apply, such as the limitations for the number of campsites or people in the area, the need to wear masks and gloves, and to clean zones more thoroughly. It’s always better to be prepared. Otherwise, you risk spoiling your trip experience right after arriving at the desired site.
Short Camping Tips It does not matter what kind of camping you prefer: by car or on foot. The basic tips for tourists remain the same in most cases. The recommendations below will work for tourists using a hard shell roof top tent and a regular one equally well. You might want to check them out attentively, especially if it will be your first-time camping experience. Check the Tent That’s the first tip every beginning tourist gets. It can be silly to ignore following it even if you are an ultimately experienced camping enthusiast. As you might understand, even the best roof top tent turns into a useless thing when it is impossible to set it up correctly. That might happen if you forget to take one of the ropes or pegs required for an installation, for instance. So, again: check your tent before leaving for a trip, even if you are sure it’s all right with it. Get a Comfortable Backpack Yes, this tip works for wheel or foot travelers equally well. While traveling on foot, a big touring backpack is essential to make your trip exciting and not annoying. In this case, you should pay attention to its shape and check how the bag suits your body before buying it. Try not to save too much money on a backpack: every dollar you pay will most probably bring its profit by added durability and functionality of your gear. While traveling by car, a backpack can be much smaller, but you still should have it. The fact that the automobile is somewhere nearby does not mean you can teleport the items you need directly to your hands. That backpack will allow you to take essential things like medical supplies, food, gadgets, and crockery when you decide to explore the surroundings on foot. So, the contents of your smaller backpack are what you need in an emergency. Have First Aid Kit Pack an antiseptic, bandage, painkillers, and antipyretics obligatory, and add vital medications if you need them (an asthma inhaler or an insulin stick, for instance). To guarantee safety against unpredicted losses, take twice as much necessary medical supplies as you need regarding the trip time, and put them into different places or pockets. Food & Water It requires some more calculations. Think about how much food and water you and your companions are going to need during the planned camping trip, and then double that amount. If you’re traveling by car, it won’t be much overweight for its engine. In case your group is hiking and camping on foot, the additional food and water are definitely worth getting a bit more tired while walking. Public Safety Measures The coronavirus is still out there. You never know where and when you can get infected. So, stay attentive, and use masks, hand antiseptic sprays, and latex gloves whenever you are about to contact someone in public. Keeping up with safety measures will increase your chance to stay healthy and alive during the pandemic.
To Conclude Camping in Australia is not prohibited despite the COVID-19 situation in 2021. So, pack your touring gear, take essentials, check local requirements, keep up with public safety recommendations, and, of course, enjoy camping! P.S. Car travelers might find this adventure kings roof top tent review useful. A reliable tent is surely worth every dollar paid for it.
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How does COVID-19 affect my parenting plan? The Novel Coronavirus has drastically altered our daily lives. Many divorced or separated parents are wondering how their parenting plan for minor children will be affected. This concern has become more profound since...
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Dealing with divorce as an entrepreneur
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The divorce process can be extremely difficult for some people, such as those who are dealing with other stressful matters in their personal and professional lives. For example, entrepreneurs who have recently started a business or plan to launch their business soon...
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FILE - 13-year-old celebrates being inoculated by Nurse Karen Pagliaro at Hartford Healthcare's mass vaccination center at the Connecticut Convention Center in Hartford, Connecticut on May 13, 2021.
SAN FRANCISCO - The Archdiocese of San Francisco sent a letter this week stating they will not require students ages five and older to be vaccinated against COVID-19 at its parochial schools.
The Catholic schools organization said it has received plenty of emails and phone calls over the past two months regarding concern over student vaccine mandates.
"As a result of last week’s decision by the FDA and CDC to extend Emergency Use Authorization (EAU) to the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine to individuals five years old and up, we want to share that the Archdiocese of San Francisco does not require students ages five and up to receive the COVID-19 vaccine," Superintendent Pamela Lyons wrote.
Last week San Francisco health officials hinted towards an eventual vaccine mandate for the 5 to 11-year-old group in public places, but would allow for a certain period of time before they started enforcing the mandate for younger children.
The letter further states, "We anticipate the state legislature will take up a bill in January 2022 to decide if the COVID-19 vaccine should be added to the existing list of 10 required vaccines and if, unlike the current ten required vaccinations, a religious or personal belief exemption will be permitted."
The superintendent added that the Archdiocese expects plenty of debate to accompany this legislature.
Lyons thanked the staff, students, and community for a safe return to in-person learning thus far and said COVID case rates have been kept below .04% so far this school year.
SEE ALSO: About 900,000 kids got COVID-19 vaccine in first week, White House says
San Francisco Unified School District is holding COVID vaccination clinics in conjunction with the city's health department for its students and has cited studies that show the vaccine is safe and effective in preventing infection and produces protective antibodies in teenagers.
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The Archdiocese is encouraging parents and guardians to get advice on the COVID vaccine for their children from health care professionals.
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I've been to this place before but it was operated by another owner. It claims that their noodles are 100% free from MSG. They only offer a limited number of dishes in their menu ( probably less than 15 dishes). The waitress seems to be friendly as she was taking our orders and serving the tea. However, she told us that it would take 20 min to make the Donkatsu ( Japanese style Pork cutlet with rice). They Donkatsu was served in a large bowl with excessive rice and watery pork cutlet when it is supposed to be crispy. We also ordered the tenderous ribs ramen as it seemed to be a safe choice compared to the other options. The tenderous ribs was burned and it appeared to be black instead of light brown, and it was very salty. I quickly noticed that the ramen they served tasted like pasta, it was unbelievable that they were serving customers pasta in replace of the japanese ramen. The restaurant is very small, it only has 4-5 tables for dining. At the time when we were in the restaurant, there were another family having dinner there. In conclusion, this is the worst japanese ramen place I've ever been to. I will never go back again even if someone is willing to pay the bills. The food was barely edible and it was overpriced with only a few ingredients they serve in the ramen or the rice.
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If you are about to embark on a marriage to someone who has Aspergers (high functioning autism), there are a few things that you may need to know (some good, and some not-so-good, perhaps):
1. Although Aspies (i.e., people with Aspergers) do feel affection towards others, relationships are not a priority for them in the same way that it is for neurotypicals or NTs (i.e., individuals without Aspergers).
2. A relationship with an Aspergers partner may take on more of the characteristics of a business partnership or arrangement.
3. Although he genuinely loves his spouse, the Aspie does not know how to show this in a practical way sometimes.
4. An Aspie is often attracted to someone who shares his interests or passions, and this can form a good basis for their relationship.
5. An Aspie needs time alone. Often the best thing the NT partner can do is give her Aspie the freedom of a few hours alone while she visits friends or goes shopping.
6. An Aspie often has a particular interest or hobby. While this may border on obsessive, the NT partner would do well to show interest in it. It may even become something they can do together.
7. An NT partner needs to understand her Aspie’s background in order to work with him on their marriage. She will need patience and perseverance as well as understanding that he functions on a different emotional level to her.
8. Aspies do marry, and while NT partners can be frustrated by their lack of emotion and physical contact, their Aspergers spouses do bring strengths into the relationship. If there is open communication, the NT partner can help her Aspie to improve in areas of weakness and encourage him in the things he is naturally good at.
9. Aspies often has a specific area of weakness in marriage. They often do not feel the need to express love, and the NT partner can help them understand that this is important. Discussions about how to display affection, holding hands in public and buying small gifts can be beneficial, but don’t be surprised if the results are amusing.
10. Aspies typically mature later than NTs. As young adults, they are often emotionally immature and have poor social skills. As time passes, however, they can develop to a point where they are able to enter into a relationship with the opposite sex.
11. Because Aspies tend to talk and act differently to NTs, they commonly attract a specific type of partner. Their spouses are often caring and nurturing and have strong protective instincts. In many ways, they become a link between their Aspie and society.
12. Because the Aspie does not have the same relational needs as the NT partner, he may be unable to recognize instinctively or to meet the emotional needs of his partner. Marriages can thus form some dysfunctional relationship patterns.
13. For NTs who had normal expectations of the mutuality of marriage, there may be a sense of betrayal and a feeling of being used and trapped while in a relationship with an Aspie.
14. In marriage, the Aspie often displays great devotion to his partner and is reliable, honest and faithful.
15. In the privacy of their relationship, the NT partner may become physically and emotionally drained, working overtime to keep life on track for both of them.
16. It’s important to look at the Aspies’s motives rather than his actual behavior.
17. Lowering expectations will make the marriage more predictable and manageable, if not easier.
18. NT partners may begin to feel that they are entirely defined by the role they fill for their Aspie partner. There can be a sense that there is little mutuality, equality and justice.
19. NT partners may feel that they are daily sacrificing their own sense of self to help fulfill the priorities of the Aspie partner.
20. NT partners may resent the reality of living on terms dictated by the needs and priorities of the Aspie partner.
21. Positive traits such as faithfulness and reliability are bonuses, and the NT partner can encourage her Aspie by praising him for these.
22. Sometimes a relationship with an Aspergers partner ends up being more one of practicality and convenience for the Aspie than for the loving and meeting of emotional needs of the NT partner.
23. The Aspie can sometimes be emotionally and physically detached and become focused on a special interest to the exclusion of his partner.
24. The NT partner may unwittingly fill the role of “personal assistant” rather than being an “intimate-romantic partner.”
25. Your Aspie partner may seem to be more focused on a particular interest, project or task than on the people around them.
=> Living With Aspergers: Help for Couples
=> Skype Counseling for Struggling Individuals & Couples Affected by Asperger's and HFA
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195 comments:
Anonymous said...
My cousin recommended this blog and she was totally right keep up the fantastic work!
January 5, 2011 at 9:59 PM
Anonymous said...
Wow! I'm in a relationship with someone I (educatedly suspect) has been undiagnosed. This list completely sums up the situaion. Thank you for your advice and insight.
September 29, 2011 at 9:38 AM
Anonymous said...
27 years into a relationship with a husband who I am convinced is an undiagnosed Aspie. It grows old and while Ive gotten him to show adequate physical attention (after 26 years) its always on HIS terms and there is no spontaneity. Hes never told me Im attractive. Special occasions are like death watches. He may take me on a trip or do something at a random time but Ive never had a Christmas or birthday present to open on the occasion. Everything is about HIS NEEDS, and anytime I express mine he gets angry with me. Just about had it.
January 1, 2012 at 1:05 PM
Anonymous said...
i am suddendly everwhelmed by the fact that i could never have an emotional fulfulling relationship with my husband. Before we got married i noticed that there was something odd about his behaviour but at that time i had no term for it but i kept hoping and praying that he grow and realise how much he hurts me with his words and how lonely i am in this marriage.
Over the years i have called my husband selfish and self centred....etcetera but I kept hoping to see change or some improvements towards his level of attentiveness and understanding towards my feelings and emotional needs to be met. I have cried many tears and have explained myself thousands of times but the situation has not changed. And reading your ebook , what got out of it that i need to grow more understanding towards his condition and his personality type but how is this going to improve my situation, does this mean i should continue to be kind, understanding, patient and giving with chances of not getting anything back, my inner resources are running dry..... and I am scared!!!!
In few days , we will be celebrating our 4th year wedding anniversary which led me to evaluating our marriage, i am shuttered to say he has not grown and chances are, he will never grow and does this means i need to keep growing for both of us? I am in the point where i am embarrassed to introduce him to my friends as he either takes of to his little world, or say all the rude and inappropriate things under the sun. In many cases this results to me, either making excuses for his inappropriate behaviour and apologising on his behalf. I am tired and to hear that he might never change makes it very hard to accept.
Yesterday i asked myself if i was blessed with this marriage becuase i was suitably built for it or was it just curse designed to break me down slowly? I feel i do not have any more energy to do this again for the next 4 years and beyond. Unless a miracle occurs.
He is constantly belittling me and making me feel silly at home and in public sadly when i communicate these issues with him, he never seem to understanding my point of view.
When i introduced the thought that he might have aspergers, he seemed rather upset by it, i thought he would have taken sometime to read about but he hasn't, he thinks am being unfair by labelinghing him... it feels like i am the only one who would like to gain knowledge on this matter and work on things.
Looking back, from the time we got married his solution to every dificult situation we had ever faced was questioning me if i wanted a divorce or if I want return to South Africa(where I originated from,where I have the rest of my family, friends and everything that i have known for 22 years) he fails to appreciate how much I have left behind to be with him.
I have been wondering if I have left it too late as things have built up over the years... in saying that i know that i need to learn to forgive.
Overall i see myself continue slaving for this marriage and not archiving any emtional support and my feelings will continue to be mystery to him. So I honestly see my self sinking further into the darkness . Am I being insensitive here?
With everything i have said, I think its very important to say that I love my husband very much and would love for us to have a normal and happy marriage life. I would also like to add, with everything that happened between my husband and I. He has not given me a reason to doubt how much he loves me. I know that he loves me so much and I know that he would even die for me if he have to but it hurts that he can't communicate these feelings with me....
If he ever agree to get an assessment done, who should we contact- a psychologist or a pyscatrist?
I know i have said a lot, asked a lot of questions with double meaning but if you could please help me make sense of this whole thing.
January 15, 2012 at 7:08 AM
MuffnBun said...
My husband of 35 years has been diagnosed with aspergers syndrome. He was diagnosed by Dr. Linden in San Juan Capistrano, CA. We have received help from Dr. linden. He is wonderful and saved our marriage.
February 7, 2012 at 9:56 AM
Anonymous said...
You're incredibly more dedicated than I was. I dated an aspergers man for almost two years. By the end of it, I wasn't myself, lost some friends and was practically doing everything on his terms because he can't handle it any other way. He has been assessed, sought treatment but couldn't change because he wouldn't. Most aspies are content in staying the same because they see no need to be anything else. I wish I coould be as positive as other people, but this is a disability that takes more than patience.and.love to manage. There comes a point where we need to realize that our needs are just as important as the aspies, but that they will never see it as such. You basically are at their mercy no matter what you do. If you value your being, divorce may be the only answer. The divorce rate for this type of marriage is 80%. Because its emotionally abusive for the NT partner. Maybe that makes me a bad person, but the whole aspies can't help it excuse just cannot cut it in the long term.
May 11, 2012 at 12:31 PM
Anonymous said...
Man oh man. Thank you for this. I've been married to an Aspie for 22 years. I didn't know it when we got married. He didn't know it. In fact, he wasn't diagnosed until just this last year (21 years into the marriage). People have always said that we seemed to be more 'business partners' than 'marriage partners' and I have to say, knowing what the problem is hasn't made it any easier. In fact, it has made it harder. Before I knew I could hope that one day he'd 'wake up' and start treating me better. Before I knew I was able to tell myself that once the kids were grown and out on their own I could start a life on my own. Now I don't even have hope because my moral compass doesn't let me just leave him, and I am so tired - so FUNDAMENTALLY tired of everything being about him. It hurts. it really does.
May 24, 2012 at 7:33 PM
Anonymous said...
I'm right there with you. Opposite with presents, has to make him stop, it was a lot OCD.
No common sense, no friends. I was in a car accident about year ago. So lonely. Needed to be fed after migraine sent me to
Hospital, he forgot. I'm burned out. Being on call as a midwife was far easier and less emotionally draining.
What a relief to find a place to talk about this.
Is the only choice: save yourself?
I really love the person but HATE living with him. I have cried more because of this one man's thoughtlessness than all the political injustices I have witnessed.
I'm am truly sorry to say this, but I am at the end of my rope. I have threatened, cajoled, joked,teased, prodded, asked, begged, pleaded, bargained, and then I just give up. Aspires should come with a warning sign.
At one point I has to leave and live elsewhere to get him to finish a household project, not really important, it was just putting in a toilet. The only one on the property.
June 5, 2012 at 8:44 AM
Anonymous said...
I have been married to an Aspie for nine years. He was not diagnosed until after we were married. For many years I could not understand why he was underemployed ( he had to degrees). He convinced me that if he just got another degree (in Mandarin Chinese) he could be a translator and get a job that suited him. It was when I watched him interact with his coworkers (we worked in a kitchen; he was a dishwasher) while we played a simple game of cards that I began to dig on the internet. He felt comfortable with the fit, although was somewhat embarrassed about the whole thing. Once we were able to get help from an employee placement agency that helps people with "disabilities", he has become employed as a computer programmer.
Our relationship could be described as parent/child. I feel that I have had to teach him a lot about a lot of things and he has certainly improved over the years, to the point that he has become militant about his Aspieness.
There are still some things that I don't think I will ever be able to change. Things like blurting inappropriate comments in a social situation, or dropping the F bomb in the supermarket lineup. I can't stop him from making monumental messes (his study, the garage, the basement) that are impossible to deal with. Of course I'm not 'allowed' to touch these messes or throw anything out. I've seen him derail contractors who have come in to do repairs on the house, insisting he can do better and then leaving the project undone. I can't help him with his impulsiveness or the fact that his head is never in the game. He's lost keys, wallet, money, camera. And that's only the stuff he couldn't hide from me. He never seems to learns from mistakes and won't take suggestions from me on how to avoid repeats of disasters. I'm embarrassed to have anyone visit in my house, except close family because of the mess and unfinished projects. And it drives me nuts the time he can spend on totally pointless projects and exercises when real things need to be done.
I am lucky, from what I have read, that he can be very sweet and kind. He does for the most part, remember to give gifts and cards when appropriate and he does show affection. I think I would have married him anyway, knowing what I know now. Being together has helped us both in many ways. It has certainly given me the opportunity to practice patience!
It does get lonely from time to time because most people don't understand what it's like living with an Aspie, every day. Still waiting for a formal diagnosis (testing has begun) and hopefully some real support from the health community.
June 27, 2012 at 12:54 PM
Anonymous said...
My wife is an Aspie. Very high functioning. Four degrees, three doctorates.
Sometimes it is very difficult.
I can have to go from being a lover to her parent in a very short time.
We have been together for 23 years.
July 1, 2012 at 12:59 PM
Anonymous said...
My husband too was diagnosed after we married. It's three years in and I am so beaten down by his deep need to be in control, his need to have the last word and to be right, his anger, his utter lack of empathy and humor, that I no longer recognize myself.
I was an outgoing, charming, happy and beautiful person- now I am a nearly silent, emotionless, empty shell. His jealousy was so extreme, and his behavior so outrageous, that he would drive by my office, peering in windows, and call or text me angrily all day about whatever he though he saw...finally I was asked to leave. Now I work for him and many days the only people I see or talk to have autism/ aspergers...it's like I am drowning.
When he was first diagnosed he was eager to try to grow and change to better meet my needs, but now he says he is "done changing for me" and it's my turn to adapt for him. But all the jealous rages, the meltdowns, tantrums (over ANYTHING- even what laundry basket I used for his kids clothes, or my cell phone receiving a wrong number call) plus the made-up accusations and controlling angry behavior has taken it's toll.
I realized recently that I no longer feel anything like romantic love for him, although I very much want to; but those little things like sharing a laugh, and eye contact, and agreeableness, and genuine heartfelt (not learned) affection, are not possible with him and never will be... and that makes it very hard to feel close. He sees no problem with puling out his phone and googling facts to "prove" how wrong I am when all I am doing is expressing my OPINION, yet to him he is "doing me a favor" so I won't "make a fool out of myself" by "being wrong". We can't even have the most casual of conversations without this type of thing happening, and he thinks that I am completely wrong for being hurt and insulted by all of his behaviors. I have had to distance myself from friends and family, none of whom like him at all, and now my support system is nonexistent.
I completely agree with the commenter who said that Aspies should come with a warning label. If I did not have three kids from a previous marriage that I can't support, I would have left a long time ago. This is the most empty, combative, controlling relationship that I have ever witnessed and I feel utterly dead inside as a result. If I could tell anyone anything about a long term relationship with an Aspie, it is RUN. You can't fix them and they will never be able to understand much less fulfill your emotional needs. It is a lonely, heartbreaking way to live.
July 17, 2012 at 1:05 PM
Anonymous said...
I am married for almost 22 years to an aspies. Was not formally diagnosed, but is working with a therapist who specializes with pdd - I think to maintain the very precarious marriage we have right now, he'll need to see the therapist for the rest of his life!!!
I knew something was different about him, but I thought he was just shy... And initially I liked that. Then, the pressure of life and kids started building, and he blew up - we went to therapy, and he was diagnosed with anger issues. They tried to teach him tools of what to do and how to notice if his anger started boiling... before it blew. And we went on. He was jealous of my career successes, and under-functioning in his own career. So I shut down for awhile, thinking once he achieves, he'll feel better. NO GO. Then, I began to burn out, what with doing the bills, supporting the family in a job i didn't love, having children and basically raising them on my own, I got sick. We moved. To another country. Because HE wanted to. I was okay with it. I thought if he could feel confident in a smaller community, it would work. While there, I suggested to him to take public speaking course. Perhaps that would help is communication issues... At least help the mumbling... THen we moved back. He went to school again, to learn computer programming, his love since the computer came out, but he wanted a degree. And since it didn't require so much interaction with other people, I thought it would be better. He did well after me supporting him for 2 years to get his bachelors. For a year. But then the computer slump hit, and he went from one contracting job to another. But his other computer tech guys were doing okay... got me wondering. SO then, with his sporadic income, marital issues really got bad, Went to therapy again. Therapist tried to teach him how to communicate better. Always tried to cut me down, to make him feel better, more competent, etc. Oh, I forgot that the first 2 years of marriage were plagued with him not being able to finish the act, either because I was "too thin" and it hurt him (!!!) or, because I was too strong, or too much pressure on him. What worked was a dr. objectifying me and my body so he could feel "one up" it was terrible for me, but, for the sake of our marriage... I did it.
Anyway, several years after that therapy (of several years) and six kids later, I began to give up that he was ever going to change. Perhaps it was because he was from a different country, even tho he moved to the USA when he was 9, and spoke English fluently, albeit with weird, "cute" mistakes... Perhaps we should move to his own country. Maybe there his quirks would be more socially acceptable, and he could maintain a job. Perhaps there he'd feel more comfortable in his language, so he could communicate better. I had already given up on so many aspects of thinking our communication would improve. Perhaps this would help.
July 29, 2012 at 12:05 AM
Anonymous said...
I agree with all these comments! I have been married to an undx but admitted Aspie for 13 years. It has for the most part been total hell. I was at least able to be a stay home mom, we only had one and I tell her the risks of having children and hope she stops the cycle and doesn't have any. Stubborn,obsessive about everything, everything is all about him, he still hasn't 'got used' to being married or a parent. I would say to anyone if you even suspect it end it, there is no way to have a good real marriage, those that say they do are either both AS or lying. Leave if you can. My MIL died and my husband moved into her house 'because he lived there before' now I'm on my own, no education and a child to support. We will probably just live separate lives now as long as he helps me with bills. He wont get a divorce, 'm just another possession. I cant even sell the house because he's a hoarder and never finishes anything...I am trapped and exhausted and angry. And it's all my fault! Can't forget that, and I love how they can make it look that way to everyone else too. I actually hope all this worship of autistic kids doesn't backfire because as adults they are the kind of people that expect everyone else to follow their rules. I have been invisible and dead for all these years. If I didn't have a child I would just kill myself to get away.
July 31, 2012 at 4:54 PM
Anonymous said...
Although its nice to know I am not the only one suffering through an AS/ NT marriage I do feel so bad for all the rest of you; never would I wish this existence on anyone. The previous commenter who hoped the "worship" of autistic kids didn't backfire took the words right out of my mouth. My AS husband is arrogant about his condition, he is convinced it is an evolutionary leap forward for mankind and that having no emotions to deal with only means he is superior to those of us who can't/ don't operate on pure logic. Even though what passes for "logic" to him often looks like "insanity" to the rest of us, he is NEVER WRONG and thus every problem we have is MY FAULT. And nothing in his world "just happens", blame must be assigned for everything even a full trash can! I am reading my second book on how to be married to an Aspie and this one, like every other article, book, blog, is only about how the NT partner must basically lower their expectations and adapt to all the AS partners' needs. Well what about OUR needs? Is marriage to an AS partner just supposed to be a nonstop give-a-thon, with no satisfaction, affection, love, or consideration of our very valid feelings? Sure it's a disability, but won't we ever hold these people accountable for all their awful behavior?
August 1, 2012 at 3:29 PM
Anonymous said...
I have been dating an Undx Aspie for nearly two years. During this time I have been in love, lust, fear and disgusted by his "inability" to show affection. He is so difficult to figure out. He is not the typical Aspie, has plenty of friends, previous long term relationships and even a son that also has HFA. I do see the signs. They are omnipresent.
During this time we have spent together he has told me he loved me only one time and he said " I love you, tonight" as if the love was only for that night.Nothing more than "you are special to me" since then. We spend time together once maybe twice a week and he seems to be fine with that.
I want more. I'm in my 30s and want a long term relationship.
Not long ago, I told him how he makes me feel that I'm not important to him and how I would love to try to make a relationship work. I know he has his issues but he is so supportive of me, family oriented, funny, great conversations, handsome as hell.
During this talk I told him that I'm timid to tell him how i feel because when I do, he shuts me out of his life. Barely takes my call, won't respond to a text and doesn't care to see me or not. This time around he said he wouldn't do that, so I expressed myself and my desire for a true relationship. His response?? Let's try abstinence so i can figure out how I feel.
It's been about a week since that conversation and guess what? Calls, texts, emails bare minimum. And of course, no visit= no sex.
So i have no bf. No love and no sex.
Does anyone else deal with the shut down?
Is abstinence something that may help?
Are there any "success" stories out there?
If he loved before, why won't he love me, is it just me or the aspie-ness?
Sorry about all the questions. I have no one to talk to about this. My family has never met him, so they don't get it.
That's yet another issue. He won't meet my fam and I've only met 3 of his many friends...
So confused. So hurt.
September 25, 2012 at 8:48 PM
Seattle Mom said...
The "shut downs" are the worst. I have been married to my husband for 2 1/2 years, together for 5, and I just had the epiphany last week that he has AS. It explains so many things, some of them things that I didn't even think needed explaining but were just part of his issues with anxiety or a result of being a bachelor most of his life.
The smallest, most gentle effort on my part to explain the hurt that I am feeling causes him to shut down, usually for several days. When he eventually decides to start talking to me again, he'll explain his reaction as "I don't appreciate being yelled at". (I am NOT a yeller.) Never an apology, never an acknowledgement that there is any validity to my feelings or that ignoring me for a week was not a kind or helpful response to my plea for understanding. We went to counseling, where he agreed that it would be helpful to show me some attention and affection each day, if only for a few minutes after getting home for work. During the two weeks that he managed to do this, everything started to feel managable again, and I told him what a difference it made to me to feel his support. I guess that was his signal that his work was done, because he immediately stopped making that very minimal effort.
I am trying to figure out how to bring him into the knowledge of what I now know (and, yes, I know it with certainty, depite the lack of an official diagnosis). I don't think he would be receptive if it came from me, as he perceives so many things as criticism that are not intended to be. But I don't see how I can possibly endure in this relationship unless he can learn to be open to hearing me, even if he doesn't understand or empathize.
I had such high hopes for this second marriage; I believed I had found that partner with whom to share the rest of my life. I am grieving. It has helped reaching out to friends, with whom I feel loved and supported. And then I go home, where I feel utterly alone in his presence.
October 15, 2012 at 2:59 PM
Anthony Seven said...
Hello.
I am an asperger. I learned to mimic social skills and use them as I need to, much like loading appropriate software. I have read these comments with much interest.I am responding not from ego, but rather to speak for other sutistics/aspergers who also may read this and will not respond. It is difficult being on the other side of this as well. Neurotypical types always need the constant reassurance/reinforcements or else they become insecure. I do not understand this. We may be different, but we offer many more advantages that seem to outweigh others. We are more reliable, trustworthy, rational and sincere than most. We do hear everything you say, we notice every detail and all the patterns. The question is if you will invest the time to approach us correctly or if you will discard us. Do you appreciate our interests and uniqueness or do you compare us to stereotypes out of frustration? This might be hard for some of you to believe, but we do have emotions and feelings such as the rest of you. We are just not dictated by them to such a degree.
March 28, 2013 at 11:15 AM
goodtogo said...
I `made the decision a few days ago to quit trying to make a relationship with my undiagnosed aspergers boyfriend work.
He needs to constantly remind me and others about his achievements, and even though he has put a lot of effort into what is quite an amazing position, I am weary from trying to give him the amount of praise that he must need.
He more or less filled a "postion" in his life with me - like someone would seek out someone to be an employee at a company.
He was kind and attentive at first, but think all of the "acting" likely wore him out.
He never listens to me now. He remembers nothing I say. I questioned him about his inattentiveness while I am speaking, and he admitted that he really doesn't care about what I think. I said, "So, do you think you zone out of about 95% of what I have to say." He chuckled for a second, and responded with, "Yeah, pretty much."
He actually gave me one of few compliments that have happened over the course of our year-long relationship when he said that is took his first wife 20 yrs to figure him out, and his 2nd wife 7 yrs. He said I should feel proud about my intuitiveness.
I took a few minutes to bask in this rare compliment from him, and then I took a well-deserved bit of time to personally compliment myself.
I am getting more wise as I mature.
I am absolutely beyond estatic that I didn't spend one more second of time dealing with that relationship.
April 1, 2013 at 9:20 PM
goodtogo said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
April 1, 2013 at 9:54 PM
Turbo2 said...
I have been in a relationship with a ND aspie for 7 years , and living together for the last 2 years, his mystery is what attracted me to him as well as his good looks and incredible body I always knew there was something different about him and gradually the communication difficulties emerged , his cool, indifferent behaviour , lack of empathy and physical affection became too much and I ended the relationship many times only to be besieged by calls, letters , flowers and declarations of undying love ( written, not spoken) once we were back together he stopped trying only showing enthusiasm for the things he was interested in , I felt invisible and in response to my cries for a little understanding all I got from him was Why do you have to have an opinion !! his anxiety was apparent when I expressed any opinion , it began with anxious confused expression but quickly turned to anger and verbal abuse at my need for to fix out relationship ! I did some research and the list of aspi traits is endless , collecting things , highly talented in different areas , becomes obsessed and absorbed , likes his space , lack of common sense , clumsy and childlike quality , I'm so frustrated hurt and confused , I love him like I love my children I feel responsible for him but I want the man I thought he was , ..........
April 6, 2013 at 7:10 PM
Turbo2 said...
I have been in a relationship with a non diagnosed aspie for 7 years , I was attracted to his good looks masculinity incredible body and deep mystery , I am in the caring proffession and thought he offered a challenge but I certainly got more than I bargained for ........ His quirky behaviour , , childlike innocence , lack of common sense , inappropriate responses soon became apparent , this again was part of his unusual charm and it made me want to reach out and mother him ! However , I soon experienced cool indifference , lack of interest in my topic of conversation , lack o empathy and outright selfishness on his part , I often felt alone when he was in the same room and the lengthy silence during evenings were only interrupted by his mumblings about certain actors in films and his " voice overs " during adverts , when watching tv , when I attempt to enter into gentle conversation about how he makes me feel invisible he becomes very defensive and asks why I should have an opinion !!!! ,
April 6, 2013 at 7:37 PM
Turbo2 said...
During the first 4 years of dating my aspie I ended the relationship several times because of his apparent thoughtlessness , I have to say , on my part I treated him like a prince in an effort to gain his love and approval , Including , praising and complimenting him on his various talents , knowledge and appearance which appeared to give him great pleasure , but as I was to discover later , only served to confuse him when I left him , he couldn't comprehend that it was a two way street and I would have liked something in return !! Each time I left , he would bombard me with calls, letters and flowers until I gave in and returned to him hoping he would change , each time , having succeeded in winning me back his unreasonable behaviour continued , and when challenged he became anxious , confused and defensive saying , why did you say you loved me then ? He couldn't understand that loving someone was enough !! , he eventually moved in with me and the last two years have continued to be frustrating and no nearer to being the loving relationship I crave , I know he's not a selfish pig but his condition aloes him to behave like one , I'm so tired of trying to make thing right , I don't want to be without him but being with him is making me physically and emotionally I'll ..,,,,,, help
April 6, 2013 at 8:01 PM
Barbara said...
40 years of marriage. At home alone everything is great. An above average income, help around the house, etc. But social occasions - Yikes. He used to do fine, but has been losing his "filter" and his acting ability. If you aren't married and there aren't children involved why stay? Love does not conquer all.
April 7, 2013 at 4:30 PM
Unknown said...
I agree with a lot of these commenters on here. I was never married to an Aspie but had a boyfriend with this diagnosis. We never had any affection and his idea of a date was to play the legend of Zelda with me. He was a nice guy and very sweet, but I see now why it didn't work long-term. While I wouldn't go as far as to say Aspies should come with a warning label, I would say to go into a relationship like this with your eyes wide-open.
June 22, 2013 at 5:18 PM
Enaj said...
I have just broken up with my boyfriend an hr ago who is an UD aspie. When we first met, his genuiness, intelligence, creativity & honesty is what struck me the most & I fell in love with him from the start. After knowing him for a week & spending everyday with him, I had the epiphany that he was an Aspie. I have work with people with disabilities so tend to be more aware. I sent him a link to an online test and he scored very high. He then read up on the disorder & agreed that he probably is an aspie. Despite knowing all this from the start, I still feel very degraded. Last night in a conversation at a dinner party to which I spent extra time to look very nice, he tells me that I must know Im overweight (I am a size 10). I swallowed my feelings & told myself it is the aspie talking & he is out of his element. When we got home I explained thoughtfully to him how his statement was hurtful which led him into a tyrade of all the things I was wrong about. Despite the fact that I was clearly becoming more & more upset & I clearly told him to please stop talking & even put my hand over his mouth, yet again, he continued on until I left the room crying my eyes out. It is his ability to push me to the point of extreme anger that has made me realize this is not going to work despite all my rationalizations of over looking the other bits.
Of course, he has just come back to me, walked into the house. He said it is a beautiful day & has started making breakfast. He has ignored the fact that I told him I can not do this anymore and that he packed up his stuff up and left for his mother's house. Cripes!
October 19, 2013 at 3:04 PM
maxxy said...
I agree 100-% about going into a relationship with your eyes wide open. The normal give-and-take of a relationship just dosnt happen in an NT/AS situation, the NT has to realise that all the giving will undoubtedly be on her part. If you are prepared to accept this because you love your partner and have the strength so be it. If you are trying to achieve anything but meet in the middle t times and not do most of the I promising call your taxi now.
Mx
October 20, 2013 at 2:51 PM
Anonymous said...
Reading all of your stories has reduced me to tears. I am an aspie. I didnt know, of course, because 30 years ago no one knew. I wish I had. I would have hidden myself away and tried not to hurt anyone. I realized early on that when I spoke, it sometimes made people sad, hurt, or avoidant of me. The worst, most unimaginable thing I could ever do as a child was to hurt someone. To me, it was the most horrible sin. So, I just stopped speaking for many, many years. I couldnt bear to hurt anyone, and I couldnt tell what I was doing wrong, so I stopped. By high school, I managed to mimic social behaviour enough to get by. I had friends (but kept my distance so they wouldnt get tired of me, because I know I'm tiring), I managed to behave normally in school no matter how torn apart I was by the chaotic environment, and being academically talented I managed. Hurting another person remained the most awful thing to me, so I tended to befriend selfish or self absorbed people who were less likely to be upset if I said the wrong thing or did something I wasnt supposed to. I still cant tell when that happens except for by reaction, and I still can never fix it. By the end of the day, I am utterly, absolutely exhausted by the effort. I liken it to the exhaustion I see when travelling overseas. Neurotypicals who have ever travelled will know what I mean - when you try to function in a language where you only have rudimentals, and where all the cultural norms are foreign, and you are constantly looking around you to do the right thing, fear doing the wrong thing, and try to communicate your own needs and feelings without the full language to do it. That is what being aspie feels like every, single hour of every day. I'm now an adult. I hold down a well paying job, and I get through it, coming home bone numbingly exhausted. I spend every day driving in practicing any conversation that I might have to have so that I can do it right. I try to make sure that I am prepared for any change that might happen so that I dont cry when I'm surprised. I work 3 times as hard as anyone else so that it would be hard to fire me even though I know some people would like to. Then, I try to do it all over again for my family. I know they deserve the same effort (or more). Some days, I can only manage to be every one elses version of human at work OR at home, not both. Sometimes I fail. Ok, a lot, I'm told, I fail. I get times wrong. I can only do one thing at a time - so when I'm asked to do two or more things, one of them doesnt get done right. But I am trying. It would be easy for me to just crawl into a hole, collect a disability check, and become a drag on society. But I really dont want to do that. My biggest home and dream for myself is that when I die, I'll at least be even with the world. I do a lot of charity work, I try to do things anonymously for people when I see a need, I give everything I get away. I am hoping that when I die, the good I have done makes up for all the failures. I didnt choose to be this way. I feel like giving in isnt really an option...
December 9, 2013 at 7:51 PM
Anonymous said...
....(cont)I crave some sort of connection and meaning for my life. I crave some sort of social normalcy and relationship. I desperately wanted my husband to feel fulfilled, to feel equal, to feel loved. I'm tried with every bone in my body. I didnt know to warn him when we got married because I didnt know myself. Nobody over 30 knew back then - there was no diagnosis of "aspie" then. You were just shy, awkward, quirky, etc. We all grew up believing that if we tried hard enough, we could overcome those things. We grew up believing and being told that, "If you just be yourself, people will like you". The problem is, that isnt true when you are Aspie. I have never stopped trying. I like myself inside my own head, but I realize no one else does, so I try day in and day out to be palatable for everyone else. It is as exhausting and hopeless for the aspie as it is for the neurotypical when these things done work out. We are no more ok with the failure than you are, I promise. That abject pain, loneliness, sense of worthlessness, sense of hopelessness that you all describe - it is the same for us. We are ALL trying.
I liken it to dating someone who is blind. You will always have to do the driving. YOu will get tired of driving, and you will still be the only one that can drive. The blind person, no matter HOW hard they want to drive, is not going to be able to do it. It isnt because they dont want to do their share. It is because they cant. Rest assured, they know it. It weighs on them to fail you....
December 9, 2013 at 7:53 PM
Anonymous said...
Frustration often looks like anger in an aspie. Marathon level exhaustion looks like anger. Sometimes we shut down because we know from past experience that any single thing we can even think to say will be wrong and will make things worse. Sometimes we shut down like a toddler that literally runs him or herself to sleep in the middle of the floor - because the intensity of the confrontation (confrontation with physical closeness is incredibly physically painful for some aspies) literally overwhelms every sense we have. Like the marathoner that is carried away in a stretcher at the 24th mile - it isnt because we dont want to, it is because we cant.
Have you ever watched your 4 or 5 year old try to hold a pencil to write their name? Have you ever marveled at how much work and effort it takes just to grip tight enough to keep the marks near the line on the paper, when you can simply pick up the pen and write your name without thinking? Aspies are the clumsy, determined 5 year old. The effort that it takes to say I love you might wear us out for a week. Or a month. Do you remember when it was that hard to write your name? Please try.
I'm not saying dating an aspie is for everyone. After 15 years of marriage, I could see that my husband was giving up. I left so that he didnt have to say it. It crushed me. Please do not think for a minute that it did not hurt, or that I did not care - I was broken in every sense of the word. It has now been 5 years. When I think about how wonderful it might be to have friends, about how much I wish I could do for someone else, about how much effort I would surely put into loving and appreciating another person, and I consider dating again, I read comments like yours, and I realize that I cannot. No matter how much of my lifeblood I gave trying to make a relationship work, it would eventually end in my boyfriend or partner being unable to take it anymore. And afterall, hurting someone is the worst thing I can ever imagine doing.
I quietly agree that no matter how much I want that love, that companionship, that partnership - it wont show. And it isnt worth hurting someone to get it.
To those already in Aspie relationships, I'm sorry. I know the pain is real. Maybe you can take some twisted comfort in knowing your Aspie is in just as much pain as you are, and knows on top of that, too, that they will never be good enough to make you happy.
December 9, 2013 at 7:54 PM
Akania said...
I'm in so much doubt now. I'm in a relationship with an Aspie. Unlike many of you I'm NOT an NT. I have ADHD and dyspraxia and I'm well aware of the forgetfulness that often makes me look selfish to NTs and can relate to that side of Aspies. I've similar interests to my boyfriend. I've been shy all my life and it's exhausting to constantly be around people all the time and i need to recharge. He's actually more social than I am. I understand the executive deficits as I'm similar: disorganised, impulsive etc. I can forgive his lateness as often we both turn up late at the same time I'm probably later as i have makeup to wear. BUT I too am having trouble with him. It's the empathy side. I understand his struggles but what's really pissing me off is his lack of interest to try. Because I know I forget to call people, I leave reminders to call people. Along with my appointments, i have to put down call friends or family. I also have stock messages that i send or even sometimes a picture without having to have a conversation. He will not do this. I don't understand why he will not try. I too get overwhelmed and need some sensory deprivation. He sometimes won't touch me. It's almost as if i don't exist once I'm not there. I won't get messages or phonecalls. I've dated bipolar, borderline schizophrenic, a narcissist possibly sociopath. And this Aspie is driving me mad. The sociopath was malevolent so once I got rid of the hooks, it was more justifiable. And say what you want I got more touching from the sociopath. My boyfriend is actually very sweet and kind but it's very destructive to my esteem to be with him. And also there is that superior sense of being above feelings that one Aspie in this thread has commented on which is a lie. Aspies do have feelings though they often don't acknowledge it or understand they do. If that Aspie truly has no feelings, he's a sociopath.
December 20, 2013 at 9:25 PM
Unknown said...
I could comment about every dot point here. Ive been with my Aspie husband for 7 years and TBH I have come to handle most of his behaviurs well but there are still things that make me feel like a sh*t person. He can make me feel completly inadequate and like he doesnt even know i exist. He treats me more like a flat mate then a wife and he has had some terrible 'explosions; over the craziest little things. Ive done alot of reading about it hoping that it will help to know him better. It does in a way but sometimes i get angry because i didnt sign up for this. I didnt know the lack of emotion and caring and thought was something i was buying into for LIFE!
Anyway, i dont really know anyone in a similar situation so i have set up a FB page and a closed FB support group. If your interested in chatting and complaining and laughing with other people in the same boat join me on Wives and Partners of Aspies. Thanks :)
December 26, 2013 at 9:30 PM
Unknown said...
I am late to this conversation but if I wasn't sure before, I certainly am now! I have thought for some time that my BF was an Aspie. I can relate to so much on this blog. The lack of spontaneity, the need for everything to be on his terms, the inflexible routine that drives me nuts, the obsession with hobbies or people who are interested in his interests and the feeling of being a gap filler in his life! He has a handful of friends and they all fill different 'gaps' and are all based only on the things that he is interested in that they are too e.g. tennis, wine, opera and classical music, yoga.. all things which he takes to extremes by the way! if he gets a new friend who shares his interests he has to see them 2 or 3 times a week and does all these things that he doesn't do with me! I know after lots of breakups and lots of complaining he has learned to mimic certain behaviours such as being more affectionate and saying certain things but it comes across often as contrived as the words are often the same or something I have said, word for word! He is very happy when I like something he likes but he has very little interest in my interests. As nice as he can be he is also extremely critical if things are not how he would do them or if I change a plan. He also does not listen to my suggestions and then tells me about the times I was wrong and how he has been doing it his way for a long time. If I complain about something like the lack of quality time he tells me that his friend doesn't complain or if I talk about our short phone calls he tells me that his dad and him often only talk for a short time and he doesn't mind. Everything I feel or say he invalidates it and compares it to someone else! When I try to talk to him about how invalidated I feel, he gets extremely defensive and he talks over the top of me and starts bringing up irrelevant things like something I said the day before or the week before that he saw as trying to change him.. often a suggestion about where to park or where he could leave his bag at the gym.. then he brings up all the people that think he's great! He drives me to the point of extreme anger and then I end up feeling like I need to leave or break up and then he brings up the fact I told him I loved him a week ago! He then emails me these long letters first of all criticising me more and then ends up crawling and promises the world... which lasts until he gets me back and then it all starts again! I have ended up feeling not so great about myself and can explain it like my spirit has died. I feel completely invalidated and very much unappreciated. There is little humour between us and I feel I have little to truly feel joyous about. We do take nice holidays but this is the only time that he can let go of his routine and is not so rigid! He then can't wait to get back to 'his life'. I feel like a shell of my old self and know I need to leave. I love him but can't live with him at the expense of my own self! What a horrid feeling! But don't hold out much hope of it getting better.. just comes down to whether I can deal with not having my needs met!
March 17, 2014 at 12:18 AM
anonymous said...
To the anonymous aspie above: I do not know your pain, not entirely; I've never managed to hold down a relationship for very long, and most of the time I wind up sabotaging it so that we can walk away before it gets too serious. Because all the NTs here, they've basically been describing my parents' relationship. My dad is not diagnosed but may be on the spectrum. I am... semi-diagnosed; my therapists have agreed that I am autistic but I chose not to be formally tested and diagnosed.
Anyway. The point is. Everything you said... it hit hard. I am lying here crying because that's what I'm feeling now. I am 24, watching my peers get engaged and married, and knowing that even if I somehow found someone who wanted to love me and my autism, I wouldn't be able to let them. I wouldn't do that to someone I loved. I am so unbelievably tired of saying the wrong thing, of hurting people without meaning to, of kicking myself for social faux pas days and months and years after the fact (and feeling angry and frustrated at the memory of not understanding why it was bad until much later).
It is safer to be alone. It is safer to only hurt myself.
March 20, 2014 at 8:00 PM
Unknown said...
I am also an Aspie and while I can understand and relate with the pain of being alone and not having relationships because I hurt people, there is hope for us. I have been successfully working on an Al-anon program and what they teach with the 12 steps and focusing on ourselves has made understanding NTs or at least being able to respect them much easier. They should not be expected to totally put up with us, as I too have been beat up, humiliated, etc. I now make a ton of money as a software engineer which is a benefit that we get to enjoy that NTs don't. Our hobbies often lead to better paying more rewarding careers. The important thing is that we have to be responsible as Aspies and validate and acknowledge the sacrifice our friends and family make for us. It's not an excuse for them not to try and understand us, but we all need to make it a two way street or there will never be relationships for Aspies. The way I explain it to my wife, and this is a huge generalization, my brain is just much larger then my heart, but you have to know that I am still in here and I have a huge heart with tons of love. Our dedication to our, what I call "My Person" is totally unbreakable. So it's not that it's impossible, it's just that you have to open your mind to a different way of thinking and ignore the social conventions when they don't fit your relationship. But there has to be absolute trust, honesty and communication, and I don't think that only applies to our situations, our being both the aspie and nt.
March 31, 2014 at 8:05 AM
Sue said...
Thanks to the Aspies here for commenting. My heart goes out to you and what a struggle life is for you. It's really not fair :(
I agree Jim that there needs to be trust, honesty and communication. I feel like all of those things have declined on my part because I just feel so hurt by my partner that I shut down. I then feel guilty that I'm shutting down when he can't help the way he is, and then I feel angry and frustrated because I cat help the way I am either. It is very hard to not feel invalidated in this situation
June 27, 2014 at 8:10 AM
Fiona_Baggins said...
Dear Aspies,
Please don't let some venting make you feel hopeless. I am a non-aspie with severe OCD. I can cover it up now because I am doing well, but my wonderful Aspie boyfriend loves me just the way I am. Indeed, what others may call his "obliviousness" is what makes him able to deal with my atypical feelings. We both try to support each other, not focus too much on our eccentricities, and appreciate being loved "anyway."
We do have some rules and habits that help:
1) we say hello, good-bye, and thank-you regularly (even if my AS finds it difficult).
2) We always say good-night and I love you before we go to sleep. (In different rooms b/c my AS can't handle any movement or sign of life from others while he is trying to sleep).
3) When the other one is upset or feeling crazy, we never talk it out. Our rule is: hugs for me no words/ and a hug and then alone time for him and no words. We only talk it about it later if it is still of burning importance; lets face it usually it is not.
4) he has his obsessive hobbies to help him relax
5) I have many close friends that help balance things out for me
In any case, every relationship is different. Don't think for a second that your unfailing loyalty and lack of emotional navel gazing is not a gift for someone out there who has too much chaos in there life and could use a little predictability.
Love to you all,
another non-aspie who loves aspies, and all sorts of other wonderful people
July 10, 2014 at 2:17 PM
Anonymous said...
I really do worry about my aspie son on this topic, I worry that because he has no need for love and affection praise or even a close relationship with anybody I worry he might not be able to have a normal loving relationship later in life, no kisses or cuddles since he was 2 , in fact he prefers to talk to or rather talk at strangers as they have no expectations of him, he's happy like this but will he be able to love and be loved, it's fairly common for aspies to be happy in an asexual relationship
June 24, 2015 at 12:02 AM
Karendans said...
I have been married to an aspie husband for almost 30 years. We have been through a tremendous amount of turmoil. He has almost all the social/interpersonal challenges mentioned in the above posts. I find that if my goals become worldly goals like financial success, popularity, house beautiful, ease, comfort, etc., then the relationship falls apart very quickly. But I have to remind myself that I never really wanted those things in the beginning. I would say that if you want worldly goals, marriage to an aspie may be impossible. You do need to survive financially, but beyond that, you have to let a lot of worldly successes go. You are never going to win "Couple of the Year" at the neighborhood block party. You will not fit the happy couple scenario. (It is an illusion anyway.) But if you wanted something more in life, wanted to grow in wisdom, fortitude, and sacrifice, you are in the right place. I don't mean the NT spouse should become a doormat or babysitter or ever be complicit with evil, abuse, or anything like that. But taking the knowledge, learned from blogs like this, books, and personal experience, then applying it to life requires personal growth in all the things that are most important. Your aspie spouse will slowly and painfully learn from you, but you will learn from him as well. Above all, never compare yourselves to others. You have a unique and special situation that will connect you to what is most important in the universe, the mystery of mutual love. Sorry for sounding so mystical, but being married to an aspie is a very worthy adventure.
July 26, 2015 at 8:26 AM
anonymous said...
I have been married to my Aspie husband for 37 years. He is loyal, faithful, hardworking and tries to be a good person. He is brilliant and weird, both qualities that I found attractive long before I ever heard of Aspergers Syndrome. I made our marriage work but in the process, I lost a lot of myself. I was the one who always had to do the accommodating because change is extremely difficult for him. He is critical, demanding and clueless. I learned long ago not to take his insensitivity and lack of empathy personally, I know he doesn't mean to hurt me. But in the end, I am burned out, lonely and depressed. I need a caring partner, not a cardboard cutout of a man. Sometimes I think he is a machine, very rational and without feelings. He even makes noises like a machine sometimes. Most of the time I can just ignore it, but sometimes it gets to me. Sometimes he says things that make me want to cry because it shows his lack of humanity. Once when our son was severely ill, he said that our lives would be much easier if he died. He thinks that people should only exist as long as they are useful. I have a brother with mental retardation, and my husband doesn't see any reason for his life. Sometimes I get scared at how little he values life if the person does not meet his criteria. We have four wonderful grown children (one with a milder case of Aspergers than my husband, one with Tourette Syndrome and two who are NT). If it weren't for the children, I would wish that I never married him. But I could never get a divorce, even though I thought about it many times, because it would have destroyed him. I feel like I sacrificed my life for him. I am trying not to be bitter, but I'm burned out. I feel like I gave the best years of my life to him, and I have nothing to look forward to. I've been in therapy by myself (he has always refused to go with me), which has helped me cope and has made me a much better parent. But I still feel like a broken, used up person with no light at the end of the tunnel.
August 26, 2015 at 2:51 AM
EvaDestruction said...
Ive been with an UD aspie for 10 yrs. what a rollercoaster. We have both changed tremendously. He went from an immature jerk (a handsome one at that) to a grown man and father that can mimic himan interactions most of the time. He makes great money as a software engineer and we had 1 child. But, at what cost? We are still unmarried and the life has been drained from me. He helped me financially- and fathered our son. But i am a shell, a ghost. I am extremely ill, the diagnosis' pile up as well as the pills and im only 36. I went from a vibrant young artist and chef that loved to travel and hike- to a reclusive, angry, bitter disabled woman with no hope. Some of this- a lot of this- was him taking from me.
What the previous poster said is true. We have to drive. All the time. For yrs. my aspie also cannot cook, does not have a shred of common sense, nor admits to caring about anything except his job and star trek, which he literally NEEDS a daily dose of to function. I love him, but i also hate him. I was a beautiful woman with a career and dreams. He had no problems squashing those and replacing out lives with misery.
September 2, 2015 at 9:28 PM
StarChild said...
My concern with this article is the tone. Every point is about what I can do for my AS partner. Great! Yet more stuff I can do for him. What about me? Where are the tips for me to look after me?
I get it's one sided - I've been with my undiagnosed AS partner for almost 11 years. I know very well it's on his terms. He's more like my 8yo son than my partner. Unlike many here, I do get affection and he says 'I love you' way too much (sometimes 5 or 6 times in a row), but it always feels hollow, like it's something he's saying because he thinks I want to hear it, rather than it being a statement of how he feels in the moment. And I get lots of hugs, but it always feels like I'm hugging my son. Especially when he looks at me with an innocent look on his face.
I know all this. I know I am his personal secretary, personal assistant, nurse, counsellor and mother all at once. I KNOW. What I don't know is what to do for me!! That's what I was hoping for here. Tips on self care.
What about telling me how it's not my fault or his fault either? What about telling me how it's normal and OK to feel guilty about having certain thoughts sometimes? What about telling me my anger and frustration is justified, just that it won't do any good?
What about encouraging me to go out and have massages, meet up with friends, take bubble baths?
What about tips on how I can get him to do more chores around the hosue?
What I really, really, REALLY would like some tips on is how can I get him to have sex!! 8 years without sex because he just doesn't want to go there - and he will not consider my having my very real and valid needs met outside the relationship. So it's be celibate against my will or walk away. What about tips on dealing with that?
More about him and his needs. I get him and his needs every day. Where is the help and advice for my needs? They are just as valid and just as important, even if the person with AS can't see that.
September 10, 2015 at 9:17 PM
desperate housewife said...
I totally get you! It's been that long for me too. No sex for 8 years. He doesn't even like me to kiss him. Especially on the mouth. I feel more like his mother, than his wife. He behaves like a boy of 12 years old if something doesn't go his way. After 12 years of marriage, I'm physically and emotionally drained. I was in therapy for 3 years to realize it wasn't me imagining all his wierd behavior. When I had a brainstorm last year that he definitely has AS I tried to talk to him about it. He got so defensive and angry, and told me to never bring it up again. I know I love him but half the time I can't stand him. I have to repeat myself most of the time, he's very messy, but knows exactly where everything is, and I was told not to touch anything. I feel like I'm living in his apt. He procrastinates when it comes to doing anything around the apt and won't let me even paint kitchen cupboards. It's all about him! All the the time!! I look forward to going to work, so I can gave a break! I agree, what about me? What help do I get to cope? Someone help us out here.
September 12, 2015 at 9:33 AM
Unknown said...
Some of you NT's, what you say, you have no idea what you do when you callously spew criticism on an AS sufferer, and man, is it suffering. "Poor me" is all I hear form people who have all the advantages in life, do you know how much I have always wanted to just be "normal"? When you say or do hurtful things to me, it is like a seed you have planted, my reaction is not what yours would be or immediate, I internalize it, and usually end up feeling terrible about something I didn't even "do" (as in "with intent").
How would you poor little NT's like it to have the attitude that having friends is a disadvantage? I would love to have more friends, but I have been betrayed by too many of you good, normal people (do you folks go around kicking Downs Syndrome children in the shins for fun as well?)
I love deeply, and hate deeply as well. I don't think I was born with hate (or love, for that matter), it was taught to me by NT's. It was terrifying and exhausting as a child trying to figure out what the hell the social rules were. It still is to some degree. What did i see in marriage between NT's when I was growing up? A father who wanted a divorce because the mother was too fat. An aunt who paid a kid to look for her husbands liquor bottles hidden in the house, then nearly got into a gunfight with him when they started the inevitable regular screaming fight. One wife dominating the husband into bankruptcy, her NT kids into drug addiction. And these are just the relatives.
Are NT's proud of themselves for being lucky enough to have been born "normal"? Good for you. Congratulations. Now, try and cut those of us unlucky enough to have been born this way some slack.
P.S. - As far as sex goes, I'm a dynamo, I'm not like Sheldon!
September 14, 2015 at 11:42 AM
Unknown said...
@Jimmy Olsen.....Male 56 has no official paperwork claiming I am Aspergic, but display all the traits.
I hear what you are saying brother. I am reading all these comments from people who cry "poor me" for ever becoming involved with an Aspie but nobody forced that on you...
Admit you made an error in judgement ( as humans have a tendency to do ) and move on.
My recently separated wife ( 2 days ) will tell you the same story but we will always remain best friends and our young children 6 & 11 will never want for affection or time with either of us.
Stop your whinging...
October 11, 2015 at 10:15 PM
Sue said...
No point in dissing NTs for their problems trying to relate to Aspies. I agree many NTs are out and out nasty, and give all the appearance of being the ones who lack insight and empathy. I'm regularly horrified by seeing the things ppl say and do without understanding the pain they cause. But that goes both ways and shaming NTs for their reactions and for their problems in relating to Aspies is really tedious. The thing is, lots of NTs DON'T know they're getting into a relationship with an Aspie because they're not told. And to think that NTs are all the same, living the easy life, is just entirely untrue. It IS true that the world is an NT world, and it saddens me when I think how hard it is for Aspies to have to deal with it. But that doesn't automatically mean life is a piece of piss for NTs. It's just not.
October 15, 2015 at 5:51 AM
Chantal said...
I've been married to an undiagnosed aspie for 12 years. I love my husband very much. Yes he has some affection issues sometimes, filter issues, and social issues. I don't mind those. He's loyal to a fault, generous, intelligent, creative and has always worked. He is very meticulous in his projects, and gets really involved in certain activities to the point he tunes everyone out and he does have trouble expressing his emotions at times. But he's not angry and explosive. He's very organized, which I'm not so I'm appreciative of that trait. He works really hard to finish his projects. I guess I'm one of the lucky ones, or there must be something wrong with me as well. I love my aspie.
October 30, 2015 at 9:32 AM
Desperate housewife said...
So know we're your coming from... Only a NT MARRIED TO AN ASPIE... Would understand the highs and lows... In my mind I liken it to being water boarded...
November 17, 2015 at 3:15 PM
Carolyn Jacob said...
I was diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome at 8 years of age, and I was feeling hopeless, because I love my boyfriend so much, but I don't know if I can ever be good enough for him, or for anyone. Loving someone with AS is hard, that's why so many people don't do it. Reading these comments hurts so bad. Is there really no hope for people like me? Can I really never love like a normal person? Was I just born to live and die alone...? It hurts. :/
November 23, 2015 at 3:35 PM
anonymous said...
I'm sorry Carolyn if my post and other hurt you. I guess I wrote my post on a particularly bad day. I have been married to my Aspie husband for nearly 38 years, and many marriages don't last that long, so it is possible! Right now, I am feeling lucky to have him. He is honest, trustworthy, smart and entertaining. The good parts more than make up for the difficulties. So don't lose hope!
November 24, 2015 at 11:12 AM
Unknown said...
Carolyn....I'm an Asperger man 56 who was diagnosed initially by my now recently seperated wife of 12 years and later confirmed by a clinical psychologist.
You need to believe that is a spefial someone for you that has the skill sets that will not only tolerate your AS but help you to flourish and bring out your positive qualities rather than berate your negative ones.
Don't sell yourself short.
Don't self sabotage your relationships.
Be open and honest and educate your partner as to what might happen but promote your strengths also.
Love yourself and others will love you too.
Best wishes
Bruce.
November 24, 2015 at 2:13 PM
Wendy said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
December 9, 2015 at 4:01 PM
Vannio said...
I would love to join your fb group.
January 4, 2016 at 6:08 PM
The Outsider said...
Wow some of these comments are just terrible and show a complete lack of understanding of what being an aspie is. Communicating your needs to an aspie is extremely important. If you don't do this, he will simply not get it, not because he doesn't care, but because he just doesn't know what your needs are. The truth is, relationships are a two way street regardless if it is two NTS, two aspies or an NT and an AS. Mind you, a relationship with an NT and an aspie is going to be a lot harder than two aspies or two NTs because they're very different people.
The aspie has to be willing to compromise to please the NT and the NT has to be willing to compromise to please the aspie. If this does not happen then the relationship will never work. This applies to any relationship or it will not work, but more work is needed for an NT and aspie couple. Both the NT and the aspie need to work hard to meet in the middle. Sorry, but asking for the aspie to conform only to your NT needs is just as absurd as the aspie asking for you to conform only to his aspie needs.
If he isn't willing to meet in the middle then it is obviously the aspie's fault, but if you aren't willing to then it is your fault and if both aren't willing to compromise then it's a dead end relationship. Strive to make the relationship work or simply end it if you aren't willing to do it.
Complaining that your husband doesn't do everything you want, while you have no intention to do anything for him just means you're exactly like him. Also, a lot of women here seem to have confused narcissism with aspergers, two different things completely. Aspies are empathetic, they are just bad at relaying it to you. An aspie and an NT can be in happy relationship if both people are willing to compromise for each other or else it's impossible.
Also, keep in mind that a lot of AS men were not born mean, but rather became that way through constant torture and belittlement from others for being who they are throughout their lives. An aspie needs love, not more hate thrown upon him, but of course he does need self awareness to improve. He needs to be aware that he has AS and accept that he has flaws so he can work at improving himself and the relationship. Mind you, I'm sure there are some aspies that are beyond redemption like some NTs, but they are in the minority.
January 6, 2016 at 9:47 PM
Unknown said...
I have been living with my undiagnosed aspie husband for a quarter of a century! For many years I worked with young children with ASD and in a cruel twist of fate my first born was diagnosed with severe autism. Yet I never saw clearly the truth about my own marriage because the daily trauma I suffered at the hands of my husband didn't allow me to think straight for even a moment. I have been blamed, lied to, screamed at, had objects thrown at me, pushed, kicked, slapped, threatened, intimidated, manipulated, bullied, abandoned, neglected, refused any personal space, denied every possible basic human need and then called selfish and demanding. I have been wished dead, isolated, humiliated, laughed at when crying and evicted from my home when unbeknownst to me, my husband found compulsive gambling to be the answer to all his issues. And not another living sole has seen any of it to give support to my claims.
I have climbed out of pits of despair and loneliness, black holes of depression and found a steely resolve and iron will that I never dreamed I had in me. I have used every NT trait to my advantage and refused to be destroyed. I will cry no more over what I have dubbed 'the emotional cripple'. If he was paralysed, I would not keep pushing the wheelchair while he reached around every hour to slap my face (no matter what vows I made on my wedding day). I was deceived by a skilled actor who pretended to be someone he wasn't when we met and I have paid an astronomical emotional and psychological price. I have been a slave to my own empathy for decades because of this disorder. It may be hard to believe but I am not bitter, resentful or angry (anymore). I have justified, concealed, advocated for, protected, mothered, begged, assisted and enabled this man at my own expense for far too long. I cant save the drowning man who can't swim when he keeps pulling me under too.
With respect, if you are an aspie please don't comment. You are emotionally and socially disabled with a biological inability to understand even a word of what I have said.
January 10, 2016 at 12:29 AM
anonymous said...
I am so sorry, MIchelle. I understand. When someone has an "invisible disability" the world doesn't see it and the "caregiver" suffers alone. You thought you signed up to be a wife, a partner, and wound up being the caregiver for someone with a cruel disability that nobody else can see. I hope there is still time to rescue yourself and go on with your life
January 11, 2016 at 12:14 PM
Aspie said...
"With respect, if you are an aspie please don't comment." I'm going to do it anyways :)
I'm very sorry you had to go through that. I just went through something similar; I know what it's like.
What you describe sounds like a classic case of a psychopath (in this case, I have to be blunt). Psychopaths sometimes use depression or 'aspergers' as a cover story for their... choices (I just didn't know any better!) An ancillary benefit for them is they get sympathy for their 'aspergers'.
Anyone with a rough start in life can build up anger inside and later release it in ways that hurt the self or hurt loved ones. Conditions that may get you a rough start in life: aspergers/autism, borderline personality, bipolar, childhood schizophrenia, fetal alcohol syndrome... or we could set aside these things for a second, and just say any person really could go through stuff early on and later be mad at the world.
I got married in 2005, it started off great, lasted seven years. We were both hyper-emotional, except I didn't know at the time how to communicate that kind of stuff to her. She would confuse me by telling me I never told her she was pretty. It was OBVIOUS to me - can't she see in the mirror that she's hot! So, I would then inform her, "yes, you're very pretty", and I thought, "ok, we're good now, she knows". But, I would be confused again when the exact same issue would come up three weeks later. Did she forget! I didn't understand things like self-image at the time, or that the fact that her father used to call her a refrigerator when she was little must have been traumatic for her. We had good times and bad times. She made me a better person.
A more recent relationship was with a woman with a similar personality to my ex-wife (borderline personality), but significantly more repressed anger...
- serial cheating with coworkers
- hinting at the cheating without ever fully admitting it, and watching with amusement as I became angry/hurt
- spending $400 at victoria's secret, and asking for money a couple days later for 'bills'
- bordering on physical abuse at times, but I kept that crap at bay (told her I wouldn't bail her out)
- a butcher knife 'incident' that landed her in a psychiatric hospital for a few days
- suicide threats toward the end of the relationship, when she could sense I was done putting up with her crap
- etc
I had to exit this relationship in a strategic way, but learned about forgiveness, how to treat someone like a human even when they've hurt you.
The point of those two stories is, from my (diagnosed) aspergers perspective, sometimes we can hurt others, even if only with our cluelessness, but our cluelessness can also make us prey to a wolf.
January 12, 2016 at 4:36 AM
Unknown said...
How silly of me to request that an Aspie request my wishes to not comment. Aspies are biologically unable to respect the wishes of another, their own needs are paramount so of course you replied anyway. You just disrespect in a calmer manner and with nicer words. If I wanted to debate this issue with an aspie I can do it at home. I will however thank you for your attempt to make me feel better. Oh, hang on it wasn't about me, it was about you wanting to defend your kind.
Textbook case.. NT reaches out for support, empathy and encouragement (thankyou anonymous, you are obviously NT), aspie provides none of that and attempts to put his own case forward for understanding himself, as the victim.
Let me be more blunt this time.. If you reply again, I will not justify it with a response.
January 12, 2016 at 3:48 PM
Unknown said...
GFY Michelle, you are a masochist who stuck around for 25 years of self-inflicted abuse.
January 13, 2016 at 9:17 AM
Mab said...
Sorry to hear that you have suffered. Michelle. Hope better times are ahead. And better luck. I may or may not be Asperger. I am Dyspraxic. God bless
January 13, 2016 at 10:01 AM
Unknown said...
"Jimmy Olsen said...
GFY Michelle, you are a masochist who stuck around for 25 years of self-inflicted abuse."
Thank you for your attempted support Jimmy.
I feel compelled to comment for the sake of any NT's who are in a similar situation and following this thread.
I can assure you that I derived absolutely no masochistic pleasure from the abuse I suffered at the hands of my husband. However, there is no doubt that he experienced much pleasure in inflicting the abuse on me. The responsibility of abusive behaviour lies with the abuser. It is unjustifiable, even with the diagnosis of a pervasive developmental disability.
I was young, vulnerable and carefully groomed and moulded to be an emotional, psychological and physical punching bag. Just as a child is groomed and moulded by a paedophile.
To imply in any way, shape or form that I enjoyed it or inflicted it upon myself is not only untrue but a sure sign that you Jimmy have AS as well.
'michael marshall said...
Sorry to hear that you have suffered. Michelle. Hope better times are ahead. And better luck. I may or may not be Asperger. I am Dyspraxic. God bless'
Thank you Michael, I wish you well :)
January 13, 2016 at 6:12 PM
Mab said...
Judgment of a minority of people because of one is looking at the situation in a. narrow way. NOT narrow minded. Just narrow. Asperger syndrome is a cruel disability. Asperger syndrome sufferers are not just the people with the disability but the people around them. From the observer's point of view, they see a possibly a harsh and awkward, frustrated, and frustrating character who quickly alienates himself and those around him. Or indeed her. The world is and ever will be a minefield where ideas of what to do clash
http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~alistair/survival/ I find is helpful. Just a link that I discovered in the UK that gives everyday guidelines in a way that is easy to follow . It may help NTs as the last person called them too.
January 14, 2016 at 9:21 AM
Brokenheart1970 said...
Michelle, you said everything I feel. Thank you so much for being my voice at a time when I am so desperate and angry I can't speak. (He is right in the thick of an "episode" but has gone out - thank God. I can breath for a minute but I am so angry at what just happened I am shaking)
To the Apsies who are responding and saying they are sad and heartbroken and want to love someone... boy are you different to my aspie. He couldnt give 2 sh**tes about any of that. He wants a secretary/PA/sex-toy when he feels like it, and a general whipping boy. No interest whatsoever in a caring, loving, respectful relationship of reciprocity.
I feel so trapped. I DID NOT sign up for this life, and now, after all these years of GIVING AND GIVING AND GIVING, I am depleted in every way imaginable. I do not have the strength to *just leave*. And, I know he will fight tooth and nail to take our little boy because he believes he owns that darling child. Also, I dread to think what would happen if left completely alone with a child for a weekend. He once took him out for the day and didnt feed him, or give him water or apply sunscreen IN A HEATWAVE. He said he was "so busy looking after him while I slept (wtf? I was cleaning the house and HIS MESS)and he didnt get around to it". He is fine with him for a few hours but that is it. Mentally he is about 5 years old himself so he cannot be trusted for extended periods with a child, however, the law says he is entitled to our son 50% of the time. So yeah, feel utterly trapped and miserable.
It has helped me to read all the comments by the NT people. You all *get it*. So where do we go from here?
*Sob*.
January 23, 2016 at 11:59 PM
Unknown said...
Hi Brokenheart, I'm sorry you are trapped in a hell just like mine :(
I call the episodes 'aspie attacks' and generally it takes me a few days to feel ok again. I call this the 'emotional hangover'.
I understand perfectly the "secretary/PA/sex-toy when he feels like it, and a general whipping boy" comment. Leaves you feeling like an unpaid prostitute.
And with the abuse, at least women who suffer domestic violence have husbands that know they've done the wrong thing and are remorseful afterwards. There is time between 'episodes' for the wife to be supported and loved intermittently, to get their thoughts together, lick their wounds and work out an escape strategy.
I feel worst for my 8yo son. He is old enough now to realize his father's brain doesn't work properly. He genuinely feels like his Dad doesn't love him and is hurt by the constant broken promises, empty conversations and transference. It wasn't so bad when he was too young to have a mind and needs of his own. Now my son is older, I see my husband eroding his confidence and treating him the way he does me. It's all 'our fault' that we have basic human needs.
As for where we go from here.. I only have some clarity from sending my husband to live at his mother's five years ago. He comes for dinner after work and then has to leave or I'd go insane. The only way IMHO to build up energy to find yourself again is through SPACE away from the aspie.
Apparently the unspoken terms of these relationships are 'every man for himself' so that's what I'm doing. Biding my time until I can get out with the least amount of damage to my children.
Hang in there, you are stronger than you think. Have to be to survive this for so many years. :)
January 25, 2016 at 9:35 PM
Peacebringer said...
It is not emotionally abusive for the partner. It requires a level of honesty most NT people can't deal with. They honestly don't understand when you say you're unhappy unless you really spell out examples and, the most important part, tell them how they can make it better. But you must also understand what solutions won't work because they CAN NOT do it. Not that they won't, but that they can't. With honest communication in both directions, solutions can be found, but if the NT partner name calls or belittles her aspie, they will be less likely to say everything they're thinking, and your chances of finding a real solution decrease. Patience, understanding, respect, and honest communication can make all the difference. If you have faith in him, he is more likely to have faith in himself, too. But if you expect him to act like a NT, you're destined for problems, just like expecting a double amputee to walk just like everyone else. They can do it, but their way, and that's not abusive to you.
February 2, 2016 at 8:12 AM
Hanna said...
I have just found this blog and it has just made me desperately sad because I know that so many of your stories relate to mine. I have said for many years that it is like pushing an elephant up the stairs - like having another child to take care of. My husband is very caring but all on his terms and when he's, what I call "switched on." But the light is out most of the time and I'm sure if left to his own devises he would be happy indeed. Like some of you I have tried everything to have an important discussion about moving house and the wall comes down. I have tried talking calmly, sweetly, seriously, made threats and nothing but NOTHING will make a difference. I'm sure you will understand that this so called conversation has been going on for YEARS. All on his terms. I feel controlled and yet out of control. I feel loved yet ignored. I care but I hate. I laugh but mostly I cry. In the end I will leave though it breaks my heart.
February 21, 2016 at 5:26 PM
Katrina said...
I know I'm replying to this a year later, but I just found this blog. I worry so much about my son, but for somewhat differing reasons. His biggest struggle with his aspergers is that he doesn't get how his actions affect others, and that it's OK for others to have good things when he doesn't. I'm trying so hard to teach him while he's still youngish. Any suggestions??
April 6, 2016 at 10:43 PM
Katrina said...
Can anyone help me understand what I've realized might be a two-edged sword in regards to communication with an aspie spouse? I realize that being open and honest is important in a relationship, I know my husband wants me to feel connected with him (because he's told me) but any time I bring up something that has affected me, he shuts down--like many of you have commented. What do I do? Really need some help here!!
April 6, 2016 at 11:09 PM
Unknown said...
Speaking as an Aspie bloke - biggest issue big heart - but a shitty interface that falls over all the time.
You have to be in there to know how unbelievably frustrating it is...
April 14, 2016 at 6:26 AM
Didact said...
"Aspies are biologically unable to respect the wishes of another, their own needs are paramount so of course you replied anyway."
I'm gonna have to agree that you need to GFY, you narrow minded bigot.
April 23, 2016 at 3:52 PM
Didact said...
Michelle S, I'm sorry your marriage sucks, but you're being incredibly callous and, frankly, bigoted. You're husband may be abusive and distant, but don't come here and say that I must be just like him because I share his diagnosis. And I find it a tad hypocritical how you yourself seem making it all about you. You just lap up the sympathy, but you seem incapable of dealing with criticism. Anyone who offers an opinion that doesn't quite fall in line with your own is dismissed by you as an aspie, which apparently in your mind makes him or her automatically an a-hole.
April 23, 2016 at 4:27 PM
Loved You 100% said...
I have just come out of a 5 year relationship with an Aspie. I truly believed he was my one, and tried so hard to make things work. Dealing with the hurtful comments, the criticism, the occasional meltdowns, being sworn at etc. took its toll on me over the years. He was married and had a child from a previous relationship, which I believe broke down because of the baby and his wife putting her affections and attention towards the child over him, and the fact that having a child to look after even some of the time was hard work for him, which I understood and in his mind it's not like a baby does anything of note other than to cry, feed, burp or need changing! He was only diagnosed at age 30, not long after his child being born. Even though we discussed potentially having one child when we first got together, I knew soon on this would destroy our relationship, so I chose him over children. He was in fact like a child at times. He fell in love with me because we had things in common, and I didn't care about a lot of the social rules (for different reasons to him of course), I was bouncy, sporty and also kind. When he made the effort it was so rewarding, we had many activities we liked to do together, things we enjoyed sharing together. I run my own business so was away a few nights a week at least, so he always had time away from me, and I always gave him chill out time in the evenings. He struggled to make himself go to bed early, even if I suggested it so most of the time I would go to sleep between 10pm and 11pm, and he would stay up until 1am-2am. He didn't want to have to face the world at work the next day, so I understood this and never forced anything. He had a well paid and demanding job, and also a child to support which he saw maybe 2 times a week, and often I would support him a lot by playing with her, making food etc. I did all of the housework including mowing the lawn, putting bins out, changing lightbulbs. He would cook for us once a year for Christmas.
We set rules at the start of the relationship, and based on the way we initially got together, one rule was that if we ever met anyone else we had feelings for or wanted to do things with then we would tell each other. He broke those rules... Thankfully I found out before my sexual health was compromised, or so I am supposed to believe, but he did go off and sleep with someone else after lots of talking and some kissing and meet ups. I saw all the signs but couldn't confront him about it until I knew for sure, as I knew he would make up every excuse under the sun or make out I am bad! I can only assume this was someone who shared one of his special interests, even though I shared that particular one too and supported him so much with it, eating and training for it. I had to end our relationship, as I can't be with someone who would betray me like that.
He can't seem to do more than 5 years in a relationship, but is not learning from each cycle. The last 4 or 5 months he was so horrible with me, making comments on how I never learned, never did things the right way, was too slow getting out of the car etc! I had looked after him for 3 weeks when he had an operation, all the times when he was ill, I missed important events for him, I did anything I could for him. He did have a lot of pressures the last 6 months we were together, and we didn't spend as much time together due to him doing lots of activities (without me), so he didn't get the regular levels of oxytocin that he had been used to. He stopped wanting affection which I believe is due to him managing multiple relationships.
May 1, 2016 at 12:13 AM
Loved You 100% said...
Following on from the above...
He definitely told many lies and hid things from me as he was worried about how I might react to certain things, like meeting up with different girls for coffee, family issues and other things. I was hurt by a lot of the things he did and said, but he would only be frustrated by the fact I was hurt, and was annoyed at me for it even though it was not my fault I reacted that way and I don't believe he ever made the right decision for 'us', he only made it for himself. He had to lie and hide things so he didn't have to deal with the frustration from my reactions to the situations. He could be very loving when he made the effort, and enjoyed affection and hugging, kissing as long as not light touch. He loved having his back stroked in the mornings or before he went to sleep. I did so much for him, and do agree to an extent about being a carer, Mum, PA, sex slave but remember we choose to do these things because we love our partners.
We have been apart for 6 weeks now, and have managed to stay civil, work out who moves out of the house, and we are supposed to be going away in July and August as he is playing in an international tournament in Canada and the US. He still wanted to share a room still whilst we are away, but this is only because he is scared of being somewhere new and needs support while he is there. I would love to help him but it is not my place anymore, so I have booked my own rooms. I do think he has another partner lined up and is lying to me about it just being a 'thing' with her, and saying there is no replacement me. I have since found out he lied to his wife about me, and lied to me about when things ended with her. I am deeply hurt by all that has happened, I was in love with him right up until the end, and I am not sure that I will ever meet anyone I would devote myself to like that ever again. I realise now that a huge part of the relationship was based on lies. I defended him to my family and friends and know that a lot of the way he was was not his fault, it's just his wiring and he was intelligent, handsome, funny and charming. It was never an excuse to not make the effort though, and I think he used his diagnosis as an excuse.
May 1, 2016 at 12:14 AM
Loved You 100% said...
Last bit!...
I am going to take some time out to heal, I didn't lose myself as such but was very close to it. His wife informed me that she suffered with panic attacks for about 2 years after their relationship ended, all caused by his behaviour. I have experienced 3 panic attacks since being with him, had thoughts of wanting to throw myself off cliffs when we are out cycling and wanting to crash my car / hurt myself. The relationship was very destructive for me. I wish we had sought out help when we really needed it, but I don't think either of us wanted to go down that route. He wouldn't even consider medication as he knew it would affect his thinking, even though it may have made it easier for him to cope with the world. I know when I was hurt he couldn't care about me, and was more concerned about how others around him were affected by the fact I was hurt. One time I had been physically sick, and 5 minutes later he wanted to have sex. One time I really hurt my knee during an activity and shouted stop, stop, stop quite loudly. I had torn my meniscus and he was only concerned with the fact I had shouted loudly and what the people around us thought of the fact I shouted, as he was associated with me and had to deal with that. He then continued to have a go at me for shouting, even when I said I have really hurt my knee and was crying. I had a little bit of time away in another room, then as I was walking back in to the activity room he noticed my facial expression and told me off for having a 'face' on. Of course I could magically just turn off my feelings and pretend everything was OK... Well, a lot of the time I could do this, but on that occasion I was actually hurt. If he hurt himself and I didn't show I cared then that was a whole other story. I was told by him that I didn't care about him, wasn't as supportive as his wife used to be, and other nasty comments. If his daughter was hurt then he would tend to her and care for her. I do believe he should have made less of an effort with the rest of the world (daughter excluded), and more of an effort with me, but I let him get away with it too many times, and now I look back there is a huge double standards thing going on with him. I wish him luck for the future, we may even still see each other now and again but I have lost most of the respect for him as a person, because he can make choices and he knows right from wrong. I am moving out in a few days. We haven't been living together since the breakup as I have been staying with family and he has been in our home, not even considering that he did wrong and maybe should have offered to move out. He wants to come and see my new house at some point, this will be for totally selfish reasons, and I think I need to tell him no, as it is going to be my new 'safe' place.
To those of you currently struggling, there are many books you can read, there are many people who can help you, but sometimes the best thing to do for both of you is to let go. If you have children then this would be more difficult of course, but I do think his relationship with his ex partner is better since they split, better for their child at least as he will engage in some family things. She really appreciated how much I supported him with their daughter and is very upset that he has been an idiot and spoiled the relationship, and wanted us to try and work through it but I cannot do that. I do believe for us it would have worked best with 2 or 3 years of us being together, then a 6 month / year break etc. It's very controversial but I do think that it might have worked for us. If you feel there is something ‘missing', you might be less lonely being on your own than in a relationship with an Aspie. Having said that I am lucky to have experienced such a challenging relationship and have grown in many ways as a person.
May 1, 2016 at 12:15 AM
Unknown said...
I am an aspie. However I can only relate to some of these problems, because we are all different. I'm only 16, but have not had a girlfriend for 7 years. Its not that I don't want one, ifs that I can't. I've tried so hard, but I always seem to mess up. I think that it was obvious that I am an aspie when I started high school (to all the other kids), so they judge me on that (diagnosed at 13). I only have one friend who's very nice and understanding (known him since primary school). I fear that I will never have a relationship ever, because I find it hard to get to know people.
May 4, 2016 at 3:18 PM
Loved You 100% said...
Hey Unknown. My ex partner said the same, he can't seem to do more than 5 or 6 years in a relationship. You will have a relationship, you will meet someone on day. You will likely have special interests, and you will hopefully meet someone through one of these, you will need a patient, caring, loving person who isn't selfish and is prepared to do a lot of work without getting much back. There are people out there for you, don't despair!
May 6, 2016 at 2:41 AM
Unknown said...
I'm honestly kind of scared of dating my aspie bf now after reading through this. It's the beginning of our relationship, we liked each other since we were 15 which was 4 years ago but we have just recently gotten into a relationship and I'm learning more about his general behavior. He has started to not want to have sex and he's kind of settling into this kind of well we're like an old married couple now and every time I try to initiate he says he's tired and I feel rejected. He's very sweet, nothing like the kind of monsters people above have described. But just as us NTs can cheat and betray so can aspies because we are all human. I just wish there were more examples of exercises on how to communicate better with each other. If anything I would still love him even if we weren't dating.
May 8, 2016 at 8:05 PM
Unknown said...
After reading through these posts I'm kind of afraid of dating my current aspie bf. We have liked each other since we were 16 but at the time I didn't know he liked me. We've started dating a while ago, we are both 19 now and he has already stopped wanting to have sex. We're like an old married couple now and when I try to initiate he says he's too tired and I feel rejected. Does anyone have any tips on how to deal with this? I wish there were more exercises online that could help with our communication. My bf is really sweet, he's nothing like the monsters you guys have mentioned above and honestly NTs and aspies are both capable of betraying and abusing someone because we are all humans and are capable of these things. I would still love him even if we weren't dating and I do support us having healthy boundaries and little exercises where we list needs and wants in our relationship.
May 8, 2016 at 8:12 PM
Loved You 100% said...
Hey Kelly, my boyfriend definitely wasn't a monster, he was loving and kind hearted, he just couldn't handle the world and everything in his life, which resulted in me getting the brunt of him as he had to do the other things first like go to work, look after his daughter etc. I told my ex that I love him with all my heart, I will always be there for him if he needs me, if he breaks down and gets stuck, if he is hurt and there is nobody around to help him, I just can't be with him because he betrayed me, but like you say, anyone can do that, Aspie or NT. If an NT had betrayed me I would leave them too!
There is a book I have found since my break up, called Connecting With Your Asperger Partner, by Louise Weston. I wish I had read this years ago, and tried some of those techniques. There are tips on emotional and sexual intimacy and they look to be really useful. Good luck.
May 9, 2016 at 9:32 AM
Unknown said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
May 19, 2016 at 3:11 PM
Unknown said...
It's not technically emotionally abusive but the side effects are the same. The NT loses who they are, feels undesirable, unwanted, and unimportant.
Then you can't walk away because it's not their fault and you went into this knowing that this person was different.
May 31, 2016 at 4:08 AM
Unknown said...
Thank you for sharing your side.
I'm getting the feeling that AS/NT relationships are very difficult on both sides.
May 31, 2016 at 7:13 AM
Anastasia McPherson Pilcher said...
Your sentence about aspies noticing our patterns made me able to look at things from a different perspective during a very difficult time, so thank you for that. I know the marriage can't be saved as a marriage, but it does help a little to know that it is things beyond both of our control. There is so much pain here for everyone. My husband is in actuality very low functioning and his undiagnosed Aspergers along with comorbid mental illness ruined his life. Even though it is taking chunks of my chi, I feel so terrible for both of us and wish there was help for him. His savant skills are such that he appears normal for short periods but give him something real world or fluid and he completely loses it.
June 17, 2016 at 11:30 AM
Anastasia McPherson Pilcher said...
You write "....someone who isn't selfish and who is prepared to do a lit of work without getting much back."
That describes a lot of As/NT relationships. Right now I'm depleted from my one-sided relationship with an aspie but even in a calm moment of clarity, why should anyone do this in a romantic or marital partnership? These relationships are supposed to be between equals and about reciprocity.
I believe that there are some aspies that could have a relationship that is give and take. It depends on how high their functioning is, where their deficits are and what compromises and accommodations the other partner can make. Post a here speak of clear communication, BUT these are the areas where people with Aspergers have trouble. If my husband and I could communicate, things might be at least bearable.
An example. Once, when very emotional after days of passive aggressive stonewalling from my partner, I shouted. "I would rather die than continue living like this. Please, talk to me. Just talk to me." My husband proceeded to start giving me a lecture on Winston Churchill. He was watching a documentary on Churchill at the time. When I responded "What the F ars you doing?" He replied "Talking to you. That is what you asked."
Here's the irony. I went into this relationship expecting to give more than I got. I just didn't expect it to be entirely one way. I didn't know about the Aspergers,which I got professionally diagnosed a little more than a year into our marriage. I didn't know that he has basically been a parasite on other people for the last twenty years because he lied and obfuscated. His savant qualities make him appear intelligent until you ask him to apply information or solve a real world problem. He is very good at diverting attention away from his deficits and almost bullies in conversations to keep the focus not only on his areas of interest but on them in the specific abstract ways he is able to cope.
I have responsibility here too...I ignored some red flags, but I'm left holding a disabled man who needs help, disability and services that don't exist.
So, if you are an aspie who wants a relationship, that is fine and good and doesn't have to be impossible. Ask yourself Do you and can you work? Are you able to at least provide for your own needs? Can you communicate on an intimate level? Do you have a friend or two or a family member that you are genuinely close to? The skills learned in these relationships apply to a partnership. Can you work with another person to accomplish a task from idea to completion? How bad are your difficulties with meltdowns and anger? Talk to other people in your life to get a sense of these things, even if some of what they say isn't welcome at first. Sit with it a while because one of the hallmarks of high functioning autism is the inability to assess these things.
So, no, you aren't cursed to a loveless life but knowing strengths and weaknesses and communicating with prospective, serious partners is important. Most of the NTs on this list didn't know their husbands and partners had aspergers. To be fair, neither did the husbands and partners. Then the added issues of anger, anxiety, rage, depression and other concomitant mental health issues added stress to the stew.
We arrive here worn out from years of confusing, abnormal interactions, lack of communication even though we've tried, not having any of our needs met and feeling like a caregiver instead of a wife. I know we sound shrill and unhinged in places, but there really is reason for it. It is all the more heartbreaking that our partners can't see any of this, no matter how many times we explain. I know my husband has pain and shame around this, that breaks my heart for him. But, he dishes out abuse and neglect in his avoidance of reality and that breaks my heart for me.
June 17, 2016 at 12:31 PM
Unknown said...
I am an aspie guy who has been married for 12 years. I'm really sorry for the issues many NT partners here have faced. As one or two other AS commenters have said, it hurts to read this as it's very important to me that I don't hurt anyone or pull them down. I started reading the comments a few months ago and felt terrible that I could be putting my wife through something similar. I couldn't finish at the time, but I appreciate your honesty with us and patience with your partners.
I was only diagnosed about two months ago and have been trying to address different issues over the last year since I started to suspect that it was an issue. According to my wife, she's known since we first met about 16 years ago, and it didn't stop her from marrying me. She didn't tell me because she didn't want to upset me and she thought I was doing ok. She didn't know how much I hated myself and didn't understand why I would fail at studies, not understand relationships, or have sensory and emotional problems and issues in many work environments. Having a diagnosis has really helped me to understand and accept myself more. After some difficulty and many job changes, I have managed to find work that allows me to give time and energy to the family - I work from home and look after the kids during the day when they're not at school. I try to focus on activities that help the family, so I do a lot of cooking and use it as an excuse when I need to get away from a group if I'm a bit overwhelmed. My wife understand this and we've found ways to communicate our love for each other and our needs.
While I don't know your partners and I may only share their gender and diagnosis, I find that clear communication and positive reinforcement are both really important to our happiness together. We have had times when both of us were wearing ourselves out at the same time without feeling like we had anything in return, and feeling worse for the fact that we thought our efforts were not being recognised. This creates a negative feedback loop and there's less energy to keep going. On the other hand, being explicit to the point of saying "I did this for you" shows the other person that you care and are trying to show them that. I've also found that recognition of when I do the right thing is much more effective than picking up on times when I get it wrong - I'll get it wrong a lot, and just feel worse about myself and our relationship without actually getting better if I hear a lot of criticism. I learned early on in life that there are many times when my perspective is flawed and listening to other people's perspective is a good way to learn. I was very stubborn beforehand, so I guess it was a useful relationship skill to develop.
It can't be easy being in a relationship with me or other aspies at times. However, my wife assures me that she is very happy and feels that I do consider her needs. Maybe I'm not very low functioning, maybe our strategies and the things I've learned have helped. I do know that my wife works hard to understand me and I try to do the same.
I know a few commenters have said that they felt the expressions of love that they were given seemed hollow. In my experience, it takes a lot of effort to say "I love you" or express similar sentiments, even if I mean it. The fact that my wife accepts it means a lot to me, and helps me to do better. It's like a foreign language. It sounds awkward and forced, even though it's genuine. Accepting it reinforces the connection we have and helps me to get more fluent.
I wish you all the best in your relationships and hope you will be able to have your needs met.
July 1, 2016 at 4:15 PM
Jonathan and Monika said...
I'm an aspie guy who's been married for 12 years (since I was 21). We have two kids (6 and 3). I first suspected that I was autistic over six months ago, and had my diagnosis two months ago. To be honest, this surprised me more than other people around me - now I know why my brother recommended books like "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime" and asked me and my brothers to take the AS test (41 - isn't it interesting that my shyness looks a bit like what people with neurological issues face? Why do I seem to find HFA people's ways of thinking fairly easy to understand, but other people find them weird?). I spent a few months thinking of myself as being on the spectrum (in the sense that "everyone's somewhere on the spectrum"), before reading more and connecting the dots. It hit me like a freight train and explained a lot of my life up to this point, even though I'd thought that I had already accepted the differences in my thinking patterns.
Reading articles like this (and especially the comments) was very painful. As an earlier commenter said, it's very important to me that I have a positive effect on those around me, and difficulties with empathy do not mean that I feel nothing or have no need for connection with others. It was very upsetting to see traits that I could identify with being the cause of so much harm to partners, and I'm really sorry that you had to go through all of this with someone you love/loved. I got my wife to dictate a letter to the psychiatrist assessing me, after going through the issues with her. I was depressed for weeks afterwards and had to take time off work, but it was useful. While she was often quite indirect with me, explaining the issues in a straightforward way with me writing them down gave me a much better picture of what it was like for her in the relationship. Phrases like "I need help and I don't know what else I can do by myself." - as far as I know, she'd never said anything like this to me (it's not that she was absolutely burned out, just that she didn't know what other strategies to use). It's the same kind of thing that some NT commenters have mentioned (not as extreme though) - feeling that your husband is loving, loyal etc., but sometimes feeling unloved and emotionally drained. It seemed like mixed messages to me at first, especially when I put a lot of effort into showing love for my wife and at times it's been hard to see her love for me. The fact is that for both partners, it's incredibly draining to feel that you're not being heard. It makes it more difficult to try when you feel unappreciated or the other person responds in ways that you don't understand. This has been the case for both of us. I'll want to talk with her about a theory I'm considering, and she'll find it boring. She'll want to talk about her work or her friends, and I'll be the same. Recognising this difference and each other's needs is important, and we have found ways to support each other or give each other space if we need it.
July 2, 2016 at 4:06 AM
Jonathan and Monika said...
(continued)
One thing that I've found helpful is to be realistic about the amount of energy I have for different parts of my life. When we were first engaged, I wouldn't necessarily talk to my wife or even say hello if I'd just come back from work. I needed time to rest before any more social contact, even with family. Now I work from home and am much more comfortable spending time with my wife and kids. I've tried to find ways to take away stress where possible, as it isn't always easy to have patience if there's a lot of other stuff going on. A couple of years ago we invited my in-laws to live with us, as they were having trouble supporting themselves in retirement. This works out well for us, as we all help out in different areas and make allowances for each other. I get the kids ready and take them to and from school, clean the floors and do the cooking, and most of the other stuff is done by other members of the family. I'm a freelance translator, so I can often adjust my workload to my own needs and those of the family. When it comes to visitors, we have quite a few people over (especially couchsurfers) but I can take time away from the group without feeling too awkward about it, and without neglecting my wife.
While we have had a number of issues, being really explicit about what we need and not slipping into a parent/child or caregiver/patient role has been really important. I don't want a carer, I am quite capable of supporting myself and others. I do need to see that I'm respected and loved regardless of differences that we may have. Understanding problems that come up and seeing them as issues to solve together strategically rather than sources of conflict has helped too. One of the biggest things for me has been the realisation that things that seem logical or obvious to me are not necessarily rational and may not make sense to others. This is also true for my wife, or anyone else, but there are particular issues that come from the difference between NT and AS ways of thinking. Where it's clear that we both respect and listen to each other and feel safe backing down without feeling that we've lost face, it helps a lot. Recognising that speaking each other's language is authentic even if it seems awkward helps us to get better at it. For example: my wife wanted me to write her texts telling her that I love her, or telling her these things in person. It feels weird, it probably looks or sounds forced. But the fact is that I do it because I want her to feel better. It's as genuine as someone who sounds much smoother (possibly even moreso, since that person might not mean it). I started off spending a lot of time trying to get the wording to sound natural, and sometimes just copied what she or someone else said. If I know that she accepts it, this encourages me to keep trying and get better at sounding more natural. She accepts that I think of a lot of things from first principles rather than intuitively, so she explains her character, what interests her, what she'd like from me etc. I can use this information to try to make her happier.
As they say, if you've met one aspie, you've met... one aspie. I'm not sure how much I share with your partners outside of my gender and diagnosis, but I can say that those two things do not necessarily rule out connection, emotional fulfilment and a happy relationship. I'm sorry that many of your own experiences have been different, and I hope you can find these things in the future.
July 2, 2016 at 4:07 AM
Sushin said...
Hello,
I am the NT wife of an undiagnosed AS. He is 65 and I am 72 and we have been together for 14 years although I have know him for 20 years. I always knew there was something weird about him and that he had many characteristics of an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD, which is different from OCD). But I knew there was more to it, although I just couldn't put my finger on it. I only found out about a year ago. My husband is not really an adult, more like a child. At first that was something I liked about him because he was fun to be around and there was some kind of naïvety in the way he acted that I found... refreshing! I can be serious when necessary, which is how adults should be, but I don't want to be around people that are serious all the time. So, at first I liked his personality. And also his looks. And the fact that he was making good money doing something he loved (too much... I learned later!) was also a plus. He comes from a very dysfunctional family of 10 children and his mom is very...special to say the least. Some of his brothers too. And they're all workaholics, except for one who just works when he feels like it or runs out of money.
The first years of my relationship with my husband were not bad. He was trying to do the «right» things to keep me relatively happy. But he got back to his normal self when he felt more secure in the relationship. He is always right, feels like a victim each time I ask him for a compromise, even a small one, laughs inappropriately or walks away when I try to have a normal conversation between adults with him. He doesn't know what he is feeling, if he has feelings, and forget about him expressing anything that would resemble a feeling of some kind. For him everything is white or black. And people are good or bad, never in-between. When he comes back from work I say Hello, but he doesn't seem to be able to say Hello in return. He can say Thank you, does it occasionally, but never ever said Sorry when it was appropriate to do so. If he walks on my feet unintentionally he will say it is my fault, I was too close to him or whatever, so why should he apologize for that? His priority number one is his work and everything that is related to it, the second one is his parrot that he treats like a human being, the third one is my cat...and then there is me, his wife. Yup! When I ask him if I am important to him he says that of course I am and that I should know that and also that I am insecure for no reason at all. When I ask him why he loves me he says that I have...nice boobs and that I am pretty! What about the person I am inside? I am nice, understanding, caring, intelligent, and a very good...secretary for him, among other things. He starts a job at home and I finish it. I do his paper work because he has..more important things to do, etc. I would like him to tell me that he appreciates who I am not just what I look like. But he doesn't. (to be continued in my next post)
August 1, 2016 at 3:24 PM
Sushin said...
(continued)
He still enjoys sex a lot... but I have to initiate it. He never asks... because he thinks it is my job to do so! So, if I don't ask he will make some remarks about it but will not ask himself. I told him lately that if he wants sex he will have to ask it from now on. He said it was fair enough...but is still waiting for me to initiate it. Which I don't do anymore. To show me his affection he sometimes touches me inappropriately instead of holding me in his arms, for instance. He doesn't feel at ease being too close to me for more than a few minutes. He doesn't know how to behave around children, he doesn't like or understand sports, doesn't like music either (just people yelling, he always says). And that could go on and on for pages. He has qualities too, and sometimes (very occasionally!) he realizes that he is hard to live with. Then he will say something like: gee, you are sooo lucky to have a man like me in your life, aren't you? And he will laugh wholeheartedly. He understands my kind of humour and we laugh a lot together. He never yells at me, never belittles me or puts me down. When we are away on vacation he is like another man, more relaxed, more caring. I love those moments.
I stay in that relationship because I want to. There are bad sides and good sides but I always take the time to take care of myself. When I have enough of him I go visit a friend. And I tell him he gets so much on my nerves that I feel like strangling him! If he is in a good mood he will laugh, if he is not I have to watch out because he will play the role of the poor victim (which he is very good at, by the way!) and it will make me angrier! Life with an AS husband or wife is not an easy life, let's face it. I understand that some partners want to leave or even run away. Sometimes it is the only solution. Some days I hate my partner, I admit it, but most of the time I love him and that is why I will stay. And keep taking care of myself by doing all the things that feel good to me...not necessarily to him! I am as strong willed as he is and he knows it! When I decide to do something for myself there is nothing he can do to make me change my mind. And I think he secretly admires me for that!
August 1, 2016 at 3:25 PM
Jump said...
I find NT-AS relationships confusing. I have high functioning autism/aspergers and will only date men with the same. I have tried and failed at dating neurotypical men in the past. Finding a partner was an interesting experience, as most of the autistic men that I met were in failing relationships with neurotypical women and would tell me how stressed they and their partners were all the time. So it made it very difficult to meet a single autistic man (I have absolutely no interest in dating 'taken' men). Two of my 'NT' cousins are with autistic men (one diagnosed, one not) and have all the same issues as those described by the posters above and are miserable. One is in the process of breaking up, the other in therapy but remaining in the same house for the sake of their child. Both knew about their partner's 'issues' early on. Yet still chose to stay involved and complain constantly about how hurt they feel. Another aunt has autism (it runs in my family) and has been in several very dysfunctional relationships with neurotypical men. I can't feel sympathy for any of them, as they have made this choice.
I don't understand why NT people don't date other NT people and autistic people just date other autistic people. There is a lot of awareness of autism now, so that seems like the logical thing to do. I obviously can't speak for NT people here, but for me the comparison between dating NT men versus autistic men is huge. The latter share my thought process, are really easy to understand, don't get annoyed by honesty, tend to have similar interests, aren't as bothered by the social 'stuff' that NTs value (buying expensive items or cards on certain dates, for example), don't mind if I want to spend 10 hours working on my projects (at times in the same room, without talking), understand things like hyper-sensitivity or preferring routine and planned activities... the benefits are endless. I don't need to walk around on eggshells all of the time and can relax and be myself when I come home, which makes it easier to cope with other areas of life.
The first time I dated an autistic man it felt like I had finally met one of my own species and the sense of calm was immense. I felt like I had actually connected to another person for once on a much deeper level. I still kick myself for wasting two decades of my life struggling to connect to incompatible people. I can't imagine how stressful and confusing it must be for an NT to work out how an 'aspie' thinks, but I guess it must be like the frustration I felt trying to do things the right way all the time when dating NT men. Not good for anyone!
I appreciate it is difficult if you meet someone and don't know they have autism, but if there are no kids involved then I can't understand why the couple doesn't amicably break up and find likeminded partners instead. There is no reason for anyone to remain in unhappy relationships. Dating/marriage is hard work anyway, but adding in all of the additional stress of dating someone who you can never fully understand is just pointless. Everyone deserves to be happy and understood.
August 1, 2016 at 5:06 PM
NTSister said...
I am a sister of a recently diagnosed 30-something with Aspergers. I just found this blog, and I think it really echoes some of the things that the families can start to feel as we all get older. I literally read this and subbed out the word spouse with family member and marriage with relationship and it hit home so hard.
I know that she is living in a world that doesn't understand her and that if the numbers were the other way and NT's were the major minority that we would be in opposite situations, but she also doesn't seem to try to understand the world. OR understand herself at least. Or her loved ones. At a time where my parents felt they might be retired and have semi-self sufficient grown kids they don't. The rest of us are slogging on through massive debt and she is just miserable and bringing everyone around her down seemingly on purpose (though I know maybe she literally doesn't get how her direct blame and complaining can hurt the rest of us). I work my butt off for barely enough money to make ends meet on my bills and she complains about her credit card debt because she thinks she can not work and still buy whatever she wants. She blames everyone around her (the credit card people gave me ridiculous fees because I COULDN'T pay when I COULDN'T work because I was so upset about _________ (leave out identifiable situation). She won't ("CAN'T!") come visit them or live with them, doesn't call for anything but to be negative and blame them, and doesn't seem to think about others. I love her and it terrifies me when she threatens something like suicide, but I don't really know what any of us is supposed to do. It is worse than a marriage because you can't divorce family.
All I hear is that my sister CAN'T do this and just CAN'T do that, but supposedly people with Aspergers are so rational? If you need to have a place to live and you "CAN'T" work and "CAN'T" go to the therapist to try to get to a place where you can function in society again and hold any job and be kind and caring and not horrible to your family, then you CAN'T have money. If you don't have money you CAN'T live anywhere but a)with your parents (" I CAN'T" go there!!!!!!), b)in some sort of group home for people with disabilities ("I CAN'T!!!!!!"), or I don't really know, on the streets? It seems pretty damn logical to me. If you want to live and do things you need money if you need money you need to work, if not... there is no if not. Then you don't get to buy your obsessive toys. You don't get to buy fast food. Maybe you have to live on PB&J for a while or some other cheap food but oh yeah I forgot, of course, you "CAN'T" eat that. Not don't want to, not it's hard to, but CAN'T. WON'T TRY. DON'T UNDERSTAND MAKING ANY TYPE OF COMPROMISE OR SACRIFICE. It can be incredibly draining on everyone who loves her, but we DO LOVE HER.
August 5, 2016 at 9:31 AM
NTSister said...
And then there is the guilt. The resent we end up feeling makes us feel terrible. When you love someone, even when you are allowed to have feelings of resentment, they come with major guilt attached, especially when they say things like "maybe the world/you all would be better off without me!". No, the world/we would be better off if you would TRY HARDER. I can appreciate that maybe what looks like ZERO effort from her is actually a LOT of effort to her, but it is not enough, and if you're literally willing to consider suicide because it is that hard then WHY NOT ACCEPT HELP!??? GO TO THE THERAPIST!!!!! If what you are doing is failing so miserably why not try something else!??!?!?!?!?! Aspies are logical? That sure doesn't sound logical.
The second biggest thing I hear is "you just don't understand". And guess what? No matter how hard I try, sometimes I DON'T understand her perspective because it makes no sense to me. If in some instances we "just don't understand", then it ALSO MEANS THAT SHE JUST DOESN't UNDERSTAND OUR SIDE. When that happens it doesn't mean our side is always right, but it ALSO DOESN'T MEAN HER SIDE IS RIGHT! She assumes her side is right and we don't understand and won't try to understand her. It is just as hard for us to feel that she won't try to understand how we work.
For everyone who makes Aspergers out to be a difference and sometimes even an advantage... something that shouldn't be SOLVED and CURED... you don't know what it is like to live with and love someone like my sister. I fear every day that she will end it, I love her so much it hurts, and she SEEM unwilling or unable to care or try. This is not all people with Aspergers, but it really is pretty horrible and to see it cured would make me very happy.
I'm not one of those sappy siblings of a person with disability who says how that "differing ability" made them more compassionate, more understanding, more whatever. It has made me frustrated and angry and resentful. To me it meant that my sister always had different rules and that she never had to compromise but we all had to bend to suit her. It means that when my parents go she will be my responsability, since my sister never learned to live in this world. It means watching my parents AND my sister suffer with this HORRIBLE diagnosis that at times makes us all want to cry. It means she will probably never find anyone to love her romantically or become mature enough to raise kids or even maybe a needy dog (***THIS doesn't mean all Aspies won't, she is an individual person, but honestly she can't love herself, won't take care of herself, and won't try any methods of helping herself). It means feeling resent and guilt all tangled up in love. It is some real sh*t, it is. Is my road easier than hers? I don't know, honestly. Probably it is, because I can't know how hard it is for her to live in this world... but I have to take on all of my hardships as well as hers and try and shape myself to her for a relationship... so to those who say NT's "just don't understand" how it is to be an Aspie... you also JUST DON'T UNDERSTAND how it is to be an NT who loves an Aspie.
August 5, 2016 at 9:31 AM
Sharon Gunn said...
Hi I do understand as I am married 46 years to an Aspie (only real knew the last 7 or 8 years.) A word of advise - you need to distance yourself from her and if she has been diagnosed with ASD then she is probably eligible for some SS and could be in a group home. It is your parents responsibility to see to that or contact Social Services because her dependency will not change. You need to change and what your parents are doing needs to change. You and your parents need a life and she may well be happy in a shared or group living situation where the routines are defined and she is comfortable. Just my thoughts. MY HUSBAND who was a great English teacher in retirement is happy with routines l find mind numbing . I need adventure and variety and only now realise it is okay if he does his routines. He has very almost few friends and only socializes occasionally. When he does at my encouragement he will join me. He often chooses to stay at home and has always avoided any new experiences wether it be games or foods or restaurants or new routes. He is a creature of sameness. He also can have verbal dyslexia meaning he often gets mixed up and says the opposite of what he wants to say. His brain is made this way l have to accept it. You need to understand your sister is not capable of changing how her brain works. Executive functioning skills are not part of her brain function. This is one part of her developmental delay and is permanent. She needs to be in a structured environment and your parents need to help her by setting up that through Social Services and mental health. She should then not be a burden on you or your parents but you can be part of her social contact.Hope this helps.
August 6, 2016 at 10:02 AM
Sharon Gunn said...
I realize this is all easier to talk about than do. I am retired and I had worked overseas for 11 years. My husband spent holidays with me. THAT worked. The togetherness of retirement has not worked. Even for two NT retirement is difficult when you are thrown together.So l have spent five years trying to make it work. Stupid me. So together we decided we need rwo cars and we need to definatley have a regular cleaning person. This will give both of us more independence and l won't feel so overwhelmed by all the responsibilities because believe me he is not responsible for really anything in our lives wether it is house repairs or finances car repairs , keeping up with family children of his siblings. Yes he is like the child l had that never left home . Yes the meltdowns , dyslexia and lack of connection and intimacy can get me down. He is never going to change but l can make my life more dynamic. Yes after 46 years it would be too.trumatic to do anything different. I.know that life was peaceful when we lived apart .So the best is to have more independence. You need to separate yourself from your sister and hav
e your own prioritise
.
August 6, 2016 at 4:38 PM
Unknown said...
Looking for help and advice I'm an NT woman and have been in a relationship for 3 years with an undiagnosed AS man .... I also have a daughter 14 from a previous relationship whom has AS diagnosed.... so I'm pretty much in the know about AS .... well I thought ...at first the relationship was good ...well it would. He hasn't committed to me still goes back to his moms which in a way is a good thing ....but at times its not... he's selfish,cold don't think about how I feel, don't do anything for me as a partner...I feel like a slave .... as this moment it's really getting me down ...I've tried to explain how he's making me feel but I'm just basically being ignored or shut out...he doesn't help at home or financially..I've been at the end of my tether with him ....it's like he wouldn't care if we broke up... feel if I'm being used ..he has said if I stop moaning at him he will show affection.... that's not right.. all about him ... where do I come.. feeling a bit bullied here ...this relationship is all one sided...I love him but I thinking I can't take much more ..I'm a person that's if something bothering me I speak up ... so in need of some advice
August 8, 2016 at 10:21 AM
Unknown said...
Tracy - If it's really that one sided, what is keeping you together? He doesn't want to commit to a long term relationship and seems to be less concerned about whether the relationship lasts than you are. He doesn't show affection or support you emotionally or financially. Why are you still with him if he's wearing you down? This seems to be a dynamic that a few people have mentioned - loving someone but seeing them as cold and selfish - I can't say that I really understand it. To be honest, it seems a little like the famous friendzone - giving too much to a relationship in the hope that the other person will feel the same way that you do and bring the relationship up a level, despite the fact that they don't have the feelings that you want them to have. If you're not happy with the current dynamic and it's obvious that he doesn't want to change, please don't spend the next few decades with him. As with other friendzone relationships, if you keep giving without being happy with what you're getting in return, you will become bitter and the other person will keep accepting your investment in the relationship until you back away.
On the other hand, if you do want to stay I would really recommend focusing on the positive things he does for you and reinforcing that behaviour rather than picking up on negative aspects as much (for example, I cook, clean and look after the kids and my wife notices or does it with me, thereby encouraging me to keep doing those things. Using explicit and positive language really helps in our relationship). If there are no positives, I'm back to wondering why you're still with him. Leaving him and being clear why it's not working for you would save you a lot of pain in the future and would probably help him to act in a better way in the future.
August 8, 2016 at 1:47 PM
Unknown said...
Thank you Jonathan for you wise words....what you say it true .. I don't like being negative.. but can honestly say he does nothing for me ...don't cook clean I'm like a maid whom don't get paid ... I'm am starting to resent him.i don't know how long I can do this for.. he has had a few relationships before me ..he says he's always been like this and not going to change... all I can think is how would he feel been treated this way (he wouldn't put up with that) in the end I will have to make the decision to walk away ��
August 9, 2016 at 8:36 AM
Sharon Gunn said...
Tracys you have only been three years in this relationship. It is one sided as you say and l can say from experience it will not change. You may think his behavior might change if he would only see how he can do that. Well from experience it is you the NT person who needs to change your expectations. The statistics for relationships with Aspies are something like 80 percent live apart or are divorced. If l knew when l was younger what was the reason for the complications in our relationship ie very one sided relationship difficulty with communication and social issues l believe l would have moved on. I am an independent self sufficient woman but l see now all the issues were stemming from ASD. We raised two children together but it was 99% me as the parent. I had wanted more children but instinctively knew that l had a third child. Every important decision in our lives has been directed from myself. His decisions are not well balanced as he can not weigh all the options ; executive functioning , planning,predicting and organizing are not an Aspie strength. I forget this at times and go against my better judgement which l often regret. Don't get me wrong he can be an amazingly intelligent person.You need to get on with your life and find a person you can build a life with and this chap can be a friend but not the life partner. He will not be a life partner as he can not fill that on even a partial basis. I have been married for 46 years to an Aspie; 40 of those years with only the knowledge that something didn't work in our marriage. He never was a partner in that he never stepped up to the plate to even try. He was however an amazingly funny and witty guy. He was more a child and l looked after his life for him. Had l known l would not have risked the genetic consequences that our children would be ASD. His father and other relatives I believe we're ASD. His parents divorced and l can see why.So move on with your life.Let him be a friend but not your life partner; he will never provide the partnership and intimacy you are seeking.
August 9, 2016 at 10:26 AM
Sharon Gunn said...
Tracy your thoughts are on the mark-he will never get it. He is not able to think about your point of view.He is not able to put himself in your shoes. That is the whole crunch of the " Theory of mind" an ASPIE can not relate or find empathy for another person.My husband spends a lot of time studying the bird life in our property and relates to them in many ways but can not anticipate how l am feeling so you are right move on .
August 9, 2016 at 2:11 PM
Unknown said...
Thanks sharon.... it's very true what you say and very hard .....I know what I should do ...it's doing it and hurting people ...and walking away...i do try to accept him ...but feel like a constant robot ....no interaction with the kids or me is soul destroying... my 3 years have been all about him ...so lost myself along the way ..I will have to make a decision as don't know how long I can keep giving and him taking x thanks sharon x
August 10, 2016 at 5:58 AM
Unknown said...
Tracy - I've always told my wife that it's very important that she respects me and doesn't treat me like a child - not that respect is automatically deserved, but I think people should be in relationships for their own benefit and not because it's good for the other person. Once you're afraid to leave because it might be bad for them (other than if they get sick, disabled or something similar that would be covered in marriage vows, more that they are fundamentally unable to live independently and you are carrying the relationship), it becomes more of a carer/patient or parent/child relationship. If it gets to that, I think we may both be better apart, because I want an equal partner, not a carer. In your case, you have the advantage that you don't have to read between the lines - he's been honest with you that he feels unable or unwilling to change regardless of how it affects you, and you need to choose whether you'd be happier with him as he is or alone/with someone else.
Sharon - while I agree with a number of things you said, it's not my experience that only my wife has changed and she doesn't believe that it's a one-sided relationship. In fact, she has said that the last decade and a half have been the happiest of her life and that I do a lot of the work around the house, especially since she had a shoulder injury that affected her ability to work. (Recently I commented that maybe my Aspergers is very mild if we are able to make things work and be happy together - she strongly disagreed). I'm certainly not accusing you of saying this, but I'm not a robot and I can account for my shortcomings or potential problems that I could bring to a relationship, and try to make accommodations.
For example, I realised pretty early on that I can be active in a workplace or at home, but not really both. I do translation work from home and prioritise time away from people for a large part of the day so that I can concentrate on my work and have the energy to spend time with family and friends later on. This is an important part of being married, so I need to find a way to do it. A few years ago I wouldn't want to speak to my wife when I got home, and I'd need a good hour or so before I was ready - it isn't that I didn't care about her, I just had no energy left. We've also spent a lot of time trying to understand each other and our different needs, so it's not so much that I'm incapable of knowing what she feels like, just that I don't learn in the same way.
I also realised that intrinsic motivation is really important to me - I will not do well if I'm nagged or pushed to do something, and I have to find ways of enjoying what I'm doing if I'm going to be able to do it at all. As you say, executive functioning, planning, predicting and organizing are not my strengths (I have ADHD too, which doesn't help). I try not to label myself with my shortcomings though, so while I only have a certain amount of energy to do everything, I am not necessarily unable to do any specific thing (i.e. budgeting energy and prioritising activities are important). I can't follow verbal instructions well, so my smartphone is really important for reminders, lists, organisation etc. I'm much more functional if I've had enough sleep, healthy food, exercise and time to myself, so I prioritise those things - and so does my wife. She knows that nagging me will make things worse, so we try to work out ways of getting things done without being unrealistic about what we can do or pushing everything onto one person (not necessarily her - she has a number of her own limitations or bites off more than she can chew and I often have to take the slack). Finding the right time to discuss appointments and plans is important, because I need to be mentally prepared to be able to concentrate.
August 10, 2016 at 6:55 AM
Unknown said...
Continued:
I think this is a difference between me and NTsister's experience of her sister. It's not that I CAN'T do something, it's just that a lot of things don't work in expected ways. We need to be creative and work together, or else we are unintentionally sabotaging our relationship. A big thing is that I know I can be stubborn and unable to see alternatives if our plans change, so I work against that and once I recognise a pattern in my responses, I'm much more likely to back down and trust that my wife is thinking clearer in that moment. On the other hand, it isn't a power struggle, and she hasn't won - we're just recognising our respective limitations and strengths. At other times she'll recognise that I am probably thinking clearer, and she'll be more inclined to trust my judgement.
http://www.ahaparenting.com/parenting-tools/positive-discipline/Parenting-Strong-Willed-Child
While this is aimed at parents of children, I think the advice can easily be applied to partners of adults with autism - I want an equal relationship as much as my wife does, but we need to recognise our differences and make positive plans for how that can work out. Being explicit, positive, acting with mutual respect and believing the best, finding ways of showing empathy and recognising both of our limitations in that area are all important. If something goes wrong, she doesn't act with passive aggression, nag or complain to her friends, and I don't shut down and avoid her. We discuss what effect the other person's behaviour has on us, and where we have particular difficulties in a non-judgemental way. It does require willingness on both sides, but theory of mind is not completely inaccessible to us if we have some help.
Finally, I agree with NTsister that Aspies are not necessarily more logical than everyone else, although NTs and Aspies can look very illogical to each other. I have a very divergent way of thinking, so sometimes a connection may seem very obvious to me and very odd to someone else. On the other hand, it can take me a while to understand something that is very intuitive to someone like my wife (although often my way of thinking can result in nuanced solutions, so it's not that it has no value, even at those times). I also realise that like many Aspies, I have a strong sense of right and wrong - which isn't the same as an accurate one. My wife has her own perspective that, while more conventional in many ways, is also not necessarily accurate. We both have learned to appreciate each other's ways of thinking and not assume that what is obvious to us should be accepted by the other person.
August 10, 2016 at 6:58 AM
Unknown said...
Jonathan...it's nice to here your views..I do try and understand my Aspire partner..whom thinks he is right all the time ...I would disagree..of course... my 14 old daughter is Autistic too but I've lived with her all her life which at times is tryin..I have had to adapt my whole life around her... I am prepared to work together but how do you do it when only one person is willing to try... I have been nagging lately which I know doesn't help but am so flustered of doing everything on my own ....might as well be on my own
August 10, 2016 at 8:56 AM
Unknown said...
Tracy - please don't think I'm criticising you for anything you've done - I don't think it's possible for this kind of relationship to work out if only one person is willing to contribute, and my comments were only to illustrate how it has worked so far in our case. I try to stay free of ethical judgement on a number of these issues and rather look at optimal solutions - in my case, nagging has never worked even when I've clearly deserved it. I was considered a very difficult child and my parents' and teachers' discipline techniques didn't work. Where I can work together with my wife, we try to see patterns and treat them almost as you would a game strategy - in the moment, it's good to have established techniques that both of us can agree upon and know to follow. I can understand the urge to always be right - growing up you're surrounded by people who tell you that your perspective is wrong, and it's easy to become stubborn. On the other hand, listening and being willing to be wrong is an important way of learning and getting on with others. We disagree on a number of things - for example, she's a strong Evangelical Christian and I became an atheist after we got married - but we manage to respect each other's beliefs and not push our own on each other.
I was only diagnosed three months ago, although my wife has always suspected that I was autistic (I first suspected it less than a year ago). It's been really intense over the last half year - I've been on some ADHD medicine that drastically increased my anxiety and depression, and reading so many comments here and elsewhere about the poor odds of people like me having a lasting relationship, along with the damage it does to the partners, was very hard. Although I would probably have a number of doubts about the accuracy and universality of the 80% statistic, it is *really* high and Sharon's relationship would count as one of the successful ones despite the issues she's mentioned. I can see a lot of parallels in my relationship with common dynamics - my wife is very caring and loves to help other people. She wouldn't consider divorcing me - I spent some time trying to convince her that she shouldn't stay with me on principle if I was just a burden on her. I'm on different medication and thinking clearer now, but it seems to be an interesting dynamic where men with Aspergers end up with NT woman with this kind of personality. Some couples really do seem to be able to learn to communicate better, but it does take a lot of targeted effort by both people.
August 10, 2016 at 1:49 PM
Unknown said...
Jonathan I don't think your criticising at all it is kind of a relief to hear your comments... I see you do a lot more for your wife than my partner does for me ... I have to be realistic that I spend the rest of my life with him as I don't want to end this is don't want to be with someone whom I'm worth nothing to ...he said if I carry on moaning then he off so ...shut up and put up as he is not willing to work with me ...I do give a lots in the relationship and do like to feel appreciated once in a while ....time will tell I guess ....but carnt get it off my mind at the moment..
August 12, 2016 at 2:55 AM
Jonathan and Monika said...
To depersonalise it, I think #2 of the marriage tips makes sense:
A relationship with an Aspergers partner may take on more of the characteristics of a business partnership or arrangement.
What I'm worried about is the sort of interplay of personality traits with NT/AS relationships that can cause friction, and are particularly hard on the NT partner. I've noticed that my wife feels very uncomfortable with pushing someone else to carry their own weight. I've seen it happen many times since I've known her - she starts something with a group, then as other people lose steam, she takes on their responsibilities and makes sure that everything stays functioning. She might raise the issue with the group, but there's little impetus to change and she ends up taking up a lot of the responsibility. Last year she agreed to clean the church as one of about 10 people on the rota. Now she's doing a third of the work and she's the one in charge of organising the cleaning schedule. I kept warning her about this, but she keeps jumping into these scenarios. If someone cancels, she feels obligated to drop by and make the church look presentable, because she wouldn't want people to come to a dirty church or for the group to look bad. When she asks others to volunteer, there's not much response.
While she's actually gotten better in this area, I think this is part of the dynamic in many NT/AS relationships. Asking, nagging or explaining often don't help, because many AS people don't learn very well that way. I find it easy to act in a similar way to written reminders about bills or other obligations. I try not to, but all the bills, family medical issues, school activities etc. can get on top of you and ignoring the demands for attention and action can be an inclination that I have to resist. Doing it for me can be an urge that's hard for my wife to resist. Thinking of it like a business relationship can help - and that means confronting me with reality and not just taking my part of the work or accepting my inertia. Change and new things are difficult - I've felt overwhelmed many times and my wife does help me (I also help her when she's overloaded). But at the end of the day, if I don't pay bills I will face consequences - the reminders will eventually stop and the company will not wait to become bankrupt before taking away the benefits I'm receiving from them (and probably fining me too). If I said that I'll take my business elsewhere if the letters don't stop, I would not be taken seriously - I am not the one in a position to make demands.
So I guess my point is that I really wish you all the best in your relationship and hope he does change, but please don't feel obligated to save the relationship at all costs. If he is counting on your unwillingness to let him go, call his bluff - relationships take commitment on both sides and he is the one who stands to lose if this arrangement ends. If he is willing to change, it will be hard and he will need support, but it is possible. Ultimately though, you need to look out for your own interests and those of your daughter.
August 12, 2016 at 8:04 AM
Angelica said...
Thank you so much for this article! My husband of 10 years is currently being assessed for ASD. We have suspected it for a long time. We have a very happy marriage and I wouldn't change him for the world, but this list had me nodding along so much that my neck started to ache!
Although my husband's ASD behaviours can be challenging at times, I believe in true love and believe that with hard work and consideration from both sides we can continue to be happy together.
I especially liked the part about joining in with your partner's (sometimes obsessive) interests. My husband is constantly writing and recording music - he even plays guitar in bed! So I learned to play bass and now we play together in a band and both enjoy it enormously.
Thanks again for the relatable, thought-provoking article and for taking the time to list the tips.
August 23, 2016 at 8:33 AM
Diepiriye said...
Thanks Jimmy Olsen for reminding us that it really may be hopeless to expect anything other than what you wrote in response.
August 28, 2016 at 5:34 PM
Diepiriye said...
Michelle S, I can see that you are in no way surprised by the comeback of the likes of Jimmy Olsen and others who came to argue and defend their perspective...the same arguments that folks came here to avoid because it's at home. I appreciate your patience and tenacity- even when confronted by an clear tantrum (again, one of the reasons why folks are here). Sadly, it's all just emotionally tiring. Tiring to see comments like yours met with that trademark Aspi pattern that you laid out in your measured responses to the bullying.
August 28, 2016 at 6:30 PM
Wife and mom of ASD said...
In what way did it save your marriage? Did he attend counseling? acknowledge his shortcomings and make specific changes? I'm in this situation and we have an ASD child. Im in therapy myself. I'm just so exhausted.
September 15, 2016 at 9:30 PM
Sharon Gunn said...
Hi Of course saving my marriage has always been a priority. Yes counselling for me is always on the agenda. It is debilitating to the NT partner to always be the responsible partner and ad well be under the gun. The constant monitoring of everything is the overwhelming stressful aspect of my life with my partner.l am getting better at ignoring his meltdowns and anxiety attacks.He does admit he has a bad memory and that there are things he cannot process. I believe that one thing l could do is take regularly time away for myself and be more independent of him.He is incapable of dealing with the complexity of òur lives as he can rarely deal with one thing at a time. So l would need to simplify our lives . We own several properties and business rental so all these need attention and he can only deal with mowing a lawn or doing the dishes or folding laundry. I don't know how we have made it through 46 years of marriage. I guess l always looked after most of the responsibilities but at some point began to assess the imbalance when we /he retired. He was a great teacher and musician. His meltdowns and temper tantrums are what really alerted me to something is not right here. His sensory issues to textures ,sounds , light seemed excentric and alerted me to ASD as a possibility. He now agrees and l do have more empathy for him that way. On an everyday level he can cope if not much is expected of him.He is not able to plan ahead or find empathy for any family member. He makes no effort to be connected to others including family or friends that only happens if l promote or arrange that.He is only able to cope in the momentary has no strategies for improvement. I would have to arrange and set that up.Those on the outside looking in would see my husband ad a great guy; he is a wealth of knowledge re history and guitars. He can be very witty and entertaining. He enjoys chatting up waitresses and flattering close women frinds. He is at a loss with new people and in group situations as the dynamics of a give and take conversation are lost on him. He can hold forth and be a great raconteur and that is how he gets by socially. I have learned to live with this. I have given up on social get together in our home as he is not able to cope. Going out and attending functions oe out with other couples works
. Although he is awkward in new situations and l always have to take charge to introduce people to him, find the seats, pay the bill etc.He can not ask the water for things he will do without. I have to make sure he understands the menue or order for him. Being with him is exhausting.
September 16, 2016 at 8:26 AM
Unknown said...
Wife and mom of ASD
I too am like you my daughter has ASD, my other half has traits and I believe 100% he is autistic.....I'm exhausted stressed and just wish someone was there for me it's hard at times and I feel alone. Life can be a struggle and every day I learn xx just to let you know I understand xx
September 16, 2016 at 1:52 PM
Sharon Gunn said...
Well thankyou for you comment Tracy. It would be great to have a support group where l live. I may just have to approach the provincial chapter of the association.l went to ASD meetings but they are focused on young students and not Adults.
September 17, 2016 at 5:05 PM
Unknown said...
Hi sharon...where about do you live ....there is not much support for adults with ASD ...I just look up information online....don't think my partner would go to anything anyway... good days and bad days ...it's me that needs support x
September 18, 2016 at 9:02 AM
Unknown said...
I've learned a lot being with my aspie husband. We are now at a healthy place. I've learned to share that I'm feeling sad because I don't get much physical touch, or that hearing I'm beautiful would really make my day. He is intelligent, he just doesn't think that same as I do.
I'm large and pregnant now, with our second child. While in conversation with my husband the other day I became animated with signs of pain and shouted "oh ouch!" And my husband was so focused on his story that he didn't notice my back cramp. I was so upset, in that moment I wanted to yell and cry about every other time this has happened in the past, but I didn't. What I did was inhale deeply then ask "did you not recognize my face and see the sign of pain" he was honest and said "no" I let the anger go and filled that space with understanding and mild confusion. After all this time, I'm still so baffled that something so obvious isn't obvious to him, and that's just a fact. It's not because he is inconsiderate or stupid. It's because his brain doesn't read faces subconsciously. He is a great people reader but that is because he was diagnosed as a small boy, growing up with this diagnosis he learned to train himself in his areas of weakness. If we were in a social setting and he was "on" he'd be in overdrive reading all and ever face and body language he could see. When we are alone and at home, he is relaxed, not "on" and not prepared to read unanticipated faces. While cooking dinner on the night of my back pain incident, I told my husband how I felt. I said it really mad me angry you didn't leap to my aid, but then I realized you didn't know I was hurt so for me to be angry with you was like being mad at you for something you knew nothing about.
I've learned to not get annoyed when my husband can't find the jam, when it's on the top center shelf. He is looking in the door where it should be. He will never see the lost item that is right in front of him, however he will see the patterns that form from the falling leaves, the fractures that form on the side of the plastic play structure, and he will have a wealth of knowledge to share.
I've learned to not compare our life to others but to appreciate our relationship and our love. I'm getting better at learning how to ask for help without upsetting my husband and how to gently let him know when I'm feeling overwhelmed by all the house chores and need some help. In the early years I'd make a chart and we assign who does what, but my husband is too independent for this and it makes him feel controlled.
I'm currently working on asking for more help at home. Sticking to routines we can all count on, as I'm an organic fly of my pants kinda gal. Sharing more of the parenting duties as this was really hard for me. Building more of a social life in our community, so my husband can have more alone time and I can have more social time. Still haven't figured out how to address our sex life, as it's fairly one sided, but we have years to work on it. I have a feeling a waxing is part of the solution here...
In the end it's about communication, compromise, and solutions. I'm certainly learning lots but I don't think my husband's brain type is a sentence of doom. My husband is a unique human but aren't we all?
September 26, 2016 at 3:54 PM
Sharon Gunn said...
I think you need to establish now a routine for him to share the responsibilities of your home.It doesn't work for Aspies to pitch in on occasion l know my husband operates better if he has predictable routines
September 27, 2016 at 7:34 AM
Sharon Gunn said...
Hi l know you are more of a free spirit but l know most Aspies function much better with routines. I am like you and am more a spontaneous person but l can't be critical if he doesn't know what is expected.My husband looks for things to do but is simply not aware of all the routine jobs. So if l wrote them down l believe we would function better and l would not feel so burdened. Having someone come to clean every week or every few weeks would really be a big help just to do floors bathrooms and door jambs. My husband is a bit OCD so he does the laundry the grocery getting. No jobs are shared so that makes me feel lonely. He cannot stand to be doing things together as l would want to discuss how we will do it. An example might be calibrating the fertilizer for the lawn. He cannot do that and it is just better for me to do it. So it is difficult for us free spirits to work with Aspies who might be OCD. Yet finding some middle ground with routines posted might relieve you/me of some of the responsibilities.l try to focus on what we can do together beach walks are on our list or regular walks in the neighborhood. Just for exercise. We also enjoy lunch out or gallery visits or the movies. Still it really takes planning to have a relationship with him as he is very contented on his own. He never thinks of the future. All the responsibilities of finances and house repairs fall on me. In that respect he is a child.
.
September 27, 2016 at 7:53 AM
Anonymous said...
It's very typical that NT partners will show their frustrations while the aspies will defend their rights. Whatever. I take no offence from any aspie who thinks that my feelings aren't valid, nor do I have intention to condemn any of them. But my experience is very much like all of the NT partners have described their negative experiences. For years, I thought he was just emotionally abusive and I was sticking around due to finances. After 4 years together, he was just diagnosed with Aspergers and it all kind of makes sense. But I was planning on dumping him this spring when the lease was up. Now what? I'm going to be made out to be a monster if I leave him. He says nothing will help him at this point and I just have to live with it. I don't care what disease you have, if you're unwilling to try to manage it, how can you expect me to stick around? I have depression and anxiety, I have NEVER told him "you'll just have to live with it". I manage it, sure I could stay in bed all day but I want to be a good wife and partner. I want to do what I can to make sure our relationship lasts. He refuses to. Aspie or not, refusal to better your situation or accept that you are the problem is the reason why we NT's are so emotionally distraught and thinking of leaving you, not BECAUSE you have Aspergers. I just wanted to get that straight. Thank you.
October 4, 2016 at 1:43 PM
Unknown said...
Ginger..... understand you most definitely...I am like you...my partner can stay in bed ....I was painting the hall and he lay in bed playing a game he's 44.... ohhhhhh I was fuming inside I've thought about lot bout giving up myself and ending the relationship... would he care I don't think ...I'm at my wits end at times all about him.
October 6, 2016 at 11:13 AM
Unknown said...
Ginger, you are some kind of stupid and evil. If your husband got into an accident and lost part of his brain, would you say "Well, you're just not trying hard enough to be NORMAL". F*ck you, I'm tired of NT's expecting me to grow the part of my brain that never developed because I have Aspergers, as though somehow I'm doing it willfully. If YOU were to experience what it's like to be this way, you would probably kill yourself.
October 7, 2016 at 7:11 AM
Jonathan and Monika said...
I think that while stories like yours are quite common online, it's hard to say how common they are as a proportion of NT/AS relationships. Diagnoses often happen when there are problems, so there are presumably many undiagnosed aspies living happily with NT partners. I can recognise why relationships could follow the pattern you and others have experienced, but it isn't the only possible outcome.
I do think that you should look to your own interests and choose to stay or go depending on what's best for you (and you aren't a monster either way), but if you are willing to reconsider based on this diagnosis: what does he mean by the claim that he can't change? What are his limitations? What would he be willing to change in his lifestyle to allow him to contribute more to your needs? Does he seem indifferent to the relationship, overstressed from other commitments or something else? I've found a change in my working routine to be very helpful, but this would only work if he's able and willing to invest in the relationship.
It could also be that your interests aren't aligned and you need to negotiate what you want from the relationship. My wife likes a lot of social activity, but there would be a lot more friction if she expected me to participate every time. I like playing games (occasionally) or discussing issues online, which my wife thinks of this as a waste of time. But she goes to church and dedicates a lot of her time, effort and money to that. As long as we're clear that the other person considers these activities to be hobbies that shouldn't take up too many resources and should make us feel better, it's ok.
@Tracy funnily enough, today I was renovating the house while my wife was chatting with some couchsurfers she invited last night (we moved earlier this week so everything's still being organised). Tomorrow I will be taking rubbish to the recycling centre while she gives a talk at church. At the end of the day, she earns money and helps at home, so I'm ok about her choosing how to spend her time off. I don't know whether this is analogous to your situation at all, but in any case I wouldn't consider playing games to be a waste of time if you enjoy it and it doesn't eat up too much of your time.
October 7, 2016 at 5:40 PM
Unknown said...
How dare you call her stupid you emotional cripple!
Ignore him Ginger, if you read through the entire thread you will see he gets off on antagonising neurotypically developing individuals who have the 'audacity' to speak out about the abusive consequences of the childish antics of his Asperger counterparts.
You have done nothing wrong.. Your feelings are valid.. You are an intelligent and incredibly courageous woman to have survived existence with one of these soul raping parasites.
Follow your gut and ignore the following abusive posts that Jimmy's Aspie brain will inevitably compel him to make.. So predictable..
You keep fighting girl.. Much love..
Michelle
October 8, 2016 at 3:50 AM
Unknown said...
Perhaps a useful analogy for some...
If you're drowning in your relationship, does it matter why your Aspie partner can't swim?? Fact is they can't and you make a conscious decision to either allow the drowning person to pull you under too so you both die OR you let them go and save yourself..
An easy decision to make given that the Aspies are the ones that dictate life is lived by the 'every man for himself' rule..
October 8, 2016 at 3:58 AM
Unknown said...
THANK YOU!!!
Much love and appreciation for your reply..
October 8, 2016 at 4:22 AM
Unknown said...
Soooo surprising for an Aspie to resort to bullying and abuse to feel he has won an argument (that wasn't an argument to begin with as all NT's would relate to)..
😩🔫
The emoticons show the only option that would be more productive and fulfilling than attempting year after year to reason with an Aspie...
October 8, 2016 at 4:28 AM
Mab said...
I have responded to this post before, But I don't know whether I have Asperger syndrome or not, certain symptoms certainly. I would wish everyone else on this post Aspie or NT whoever all good wishes for the future and a timely answer to all your problems. Life for me is hard but I try to be as polite and compassionate as I can nowadays.
October 8, 2016 at 4:29 PM
Catie Stark said...
Jesus Christ, you people are horrible. I'm a female bodied autistic person married to an autistic husband. I just can't fathom the bullshit all of you are spewing. Talking about us like we're subhuman, like we don't have feelings and saying that relationships aren't a priority to us?! What the actual fuck???. I sincerely hope that none of you have children on the spectrum because this shit is deplorable. I can't even.... And don't you dare try to turn this around and say I'm "acting badly" because I'm autistic. You ask are the sort of people who want is dead, who think that parents who kill their children are committing "mercy killings". I chose every weird if this post absolutely deliberately and with intent. You don't get to have the out of blaming my autism for who I am and what you deserve to hear because of the awful shit you've said here in this comments section. This is deplorable and despicable. If you have marriage problems, take them to a therapist. Don't come here and publicly hate on an entire group of people who did not choose to be born autistic anymore than anyone with neurological differences chooses to be born that way. Fuck all of you so hard for having zero understanding and this much utter hatred and nonsense for people who are simply different than you are.
October 17, 2016 at 9:36 PM
Unknown said...
Catie Stark- I don't agree with everything that was said here by other or by you. I came here to try to lend my experience and maybe find some support. Everyone on the autism spectrum is a little different, I appreciate that you value relatshionships- my husband, self-admittedly says he'd love if he could just be a recluse and not have to deal with people. He is 35 and just learning the value of relatshionships, through the one with his daughter, till her he never really cared (his words) to build relatshionships or maintain them. My husband is well liked and has many friends, but I think it's also partly because he is this mystery to many. He doesn't let others in and often only offers blips of higher level intellect on the matters of AI, Physics, and many others topics. Your blanketed hate to all of us here is really lame and not want I wanted to read first thing this morning. I do agree that some people posted some really incorrect facts or highly insensitive comments. Why continue the hate? I have a child and I often hope she is on the spectrum- I think it's a super power in many ways and a big reason why I fell in love with my husband. He cut through my BS and taught me how to view my emotions objectively- not something all of us know how to do. My husband is a person like you and I. However, Our relatshionships problems aren't understood with therapists and the dynamics of a group like that make him shut down and fly on autopilot followed by rage in private. This wasn't the case with my other partners. We have problems that need different solutions, acceptance, support, and education. Normal relatshionships therapy tactics hasn't worked for us.
October 18, 2016 at 7:00 AM
Unknown said...
I can't believe this is what people think about people like me. I have Asperger's myself, and I would like to have a girlfriend someday(i'm also a girl, which makes it a little harder) but it seems like people just think we're incapable of giving love. That is untrue. Maybe there might be some differences, but I can't help the way my brain is wired. I wish I had someone to give my love to.
November 10, 2016 at 3:05 AM
KatieKV said...
I have been reading these comments with interest- I am a woman in my thirties with an as mother, only recently diagnosed as such. I understand how maddening AS behaviour can be. I would not say I hate my mother, but I definitely hate the condition. I started to search for threads like this to get a different perspective- my mother wears her diagnosis as a badge of honour and uses 'neurotypical' as a sneering insult. It is devastating to have been brought up with very little physical comfort or affection- my mother still looks at me confused if I want to give her a kiss on the cheek goodbye. I feel like I have been conditioned never to criticise her on anything due to her backlash of complete denial and disregard for my feelings or needs, shouting and crying episodes, or shutting me out completely for at least two days. I also feel that because she feels unaffected by something she thinks I should be as well. This has actually meant she has tried to block me from getting support from professional bodies because she doesn't see the need (once when I had postnatal depression and once after I was sexually assaulted). When I was little her obsessive behaviour around her interests meant that I was ignored and not fed etc. I feel like any pretence of trying to be reasonable has disappeared now she has the diagnosis. The only conversations I can have with her are the ones where I show appreciation for stories and information she has already told me. I just feel complete rage about anything aspergers related. Thank you for sharing your stories about how awful it is to live around it has made me feel less crazy.
November 25, 2016 at 2:38 AM
Unknown said...
Katie xx
We all a little crazy... bless you and a big hug for you xx autism is a challenge for both parties involved....I do feel most of the time that my feelings do not matter in my partners eyes .... my daughter is also as... doesn't matter how hard it try with my partner...I feel lost and most definitely alone ....when I need support he just no there emotionally or physical.... I get angry as I do feel emotions.... I too feel like I'm the one going crazy and he's just watching me ....it's very frustrating...it's don't know what lies ahead....really wish I did glad you found the site I really like and appreciate people's stories and views...it is reassuring that someone is there...
Keep strong
💕 Tracy 💕
November 25, 2016 at 9:07 AM
Unknown said...
I met my partner through a Facebook page. We lived on opposite sides of the country but just "clicked" After weeks of texts and phone calls he told me he loved me. He came to visit me for a weekend and it cemented how much I loved this guy. We wanted to be together so it was decided I'd move state to be with him. I've since been living with him for 8 weeks now. I noticed he wasn't affectionate or particularly loving which fuelled my abandonment/insecurity issues. He works away as an interstate truck driver and last week he made no contact whatsoever for 3 days and I freaked out. He eventually replied to a text I sent saying I was genuinely worried about him to which he replied "I'm ok just want to be alone". In an effort to try and understand I eventually came across Aspergers and a light bulb went off. Everything I read described him to the letter. I spent a very uncomfortable weekend with him at home with his 7 year old son, he's not spoken a word to me and I slept elsewhere in my attempt to give him the space he wanted. I'm so scared he means alone permanently but he's not given me any indication he wants to break up. I haven't tried to call or text him to respect his wishes. He told me all his ex girlfriends left him and I kinda understand why but I want him to know I haven't given up on him. I have a suspicion he may have been diagnosed at some point but is in denial. Why do I think this? Because a few weeks back, and I can't remember how the subject came up, he commented Aspergers was a load of shit. I love this man and I'm not sure if he's being cruel to be kind or just needs some alone time for awhile. I'm 42 he's 37. Any insight would be appreciated.
December 20, 2016 at 1:00 AM
Sharon Gunn said...
Sounds like he is aware of Aspergers and in denial. It will not change. I have a lifetime of experience with this. Some very astute Aspies will develop strategies to be reciprocal in a relationship. It is a lonely path for the NT. Can you tell him what you need in the relationship? It's early yet for you, moving on is still an option.
December 20, 2016 at 11:45 AM
Unknown said...
Hi and welcome 😊 Kelly
I've been with my partner 3 years and it's
not been easy, he can go for days not talking to me with hurts my feelings as he's pushing me away and I haven't a clue what to do myself 🙁 it's hard ...at the moment we are not talking and I'm lost and lonely.... I tell him how I feel but he doesn't seem interested and says I'm moaning so I feel I can't talk to him ...and how is that going to sort anything out ....sorry for going on and on ...I'm just as lost as you Kelly..🤗
December 20, 2016 at 12:38 PM
Unknown said...
Hi sharon
Reading your advice... what to do if you do ask the AS (my partner)what you want and need all the time and upsetting yourself and still no response...liking he don't care about me ...very sad time for me atm ...
December 20, 2016 at 2:39 PM
Unknown said...
tracy r, I get the exact same reaction! He tells me I'm a "sook" which I can be but it's hard not knowing what's going on in his head and of course I start to imagine what he's thinking and get myself all worked up. I can cope with the lack of affection and the other symptoms but I'm struggling with being shut out completely without contact. I have no friends or family here and I'm not coping well. My Mum died in July and this stress is getting to be too much to cope with so I'm going to see a GP today 😞
December 20, 2016 at 4:19 PM
Julie Martin said...
I've been married to my husband for 14 months who I suspect has high end Asperges. Prior to that we had been together for 4 years. The last 12 months have been incredibly tough. I've had a lot of different life changing events, my father dying, changing a job because of bullying and breaking my ankle. My husband has had very little empathy to some of the situations and has told me I would be able to get on a motorbike after 6 weeks when the consultant told me at least 12 weeks. My husband was angry and made the comment just because the consultant said 6 weeks you don't have to believe him. This is just one example of hundreds of inappropriate behaviour.
I have been to a counsellor purely to see what I was doing wrong and when she said to me regarding some of his behaviour he could be Asperges, it all came together, I read books, articles. Spoke to other people with Asperges partners and I felt a great relief. Unfortunately before I knew my husbands condition my behaviour was questionable. I thought I was going mad. Couldn't function at work properly. Couldn't sleep. Felt hurt by his sessions of controlling, every time I spoke I was told I was critising him. Couldn't say I knew how to drive as he knew best. Couldn't have an opinion without him flying off the handle. I couldn't have opinion about children as I had only had one child he had bought 3 children up so he knew best. These are just a few things I'm having to deal with. I'm seriously at the end of my tether. I don't know what to do, he has said we need to part but I love him and feel I would be abandoning him when he has a condition that needs help and he is in denial. I'm going for further counselling on Friday as I have told my husband this will help for me to deal with him.
December 20, 2016 at 5:20 PM
Unknown said...
Hi all
Yes we do love them in a strange way ....but do we have to sacrifice our happiness I know that my partner is not there for me emotionally,physically or mentally 😩 it is so draining ...so is that OK...to him may be not me he saying he not showing me affection because I'm moaning why do i literally have to beg for attention and then still none I really do feel alone and angry that he just not caring ...just don't know what to do
December 21, 2016 at 7:44 AM
Jonathan and Monika said...
Hi Kelly,
Aspergers is just a label – if your partner doesn’t like it, it may be better to avoid it around him. If it helps you to understand him better, that’s great – you can still work with his traits and learn more about what you can expect, what might improve and what probably won’t. One thing I find is that this is very personal – you cannot separate my autism from me, so I need to know that I’m not going to be dismissed because of something I can’t change. A common thread in a few comments is that they suggest you split up – I’ve done the same before, and in my case it’s a statement that this is who I am. If it’s a dealbreaker, we’d better break the deal now on good terms because I don’t want to hurt my wife. If not, we need to accept each other.
Consider his behaviour a kindness of sorts. He’s showing you who he really is rather than putting on an act. As with any partner, you need to decide whether you’re happy to stay with him even if he never changes (and many get less sociable as they age). In my experience, I cannot always be with people, and it can be very helpful to take some time away. My wife is very sociable, but she doesn’t expect me to be present all the time and often I can just greet the guests when they come and go. She also lets me take a few days away now and then, because I need the space to think. In turn, I don’t try to stop her from seeing people and support her where I can.
It might help if you established some guidelines for these times away. You need to feel that he cares about you while he’s away, and he needs unpressured time alone, or else he feels overloaded. At this point you could negotiate only to call or text him once a day at a set time, so he can mentally prepare. He needs to respond during those times, but for the rest of the time there’s no pressure. Otherwise you get into assumptions about the other person’s motives, which are often not true when you’re dealing with people of different neurologies.
One of the main things is that you mustn’t rely on him to provide you with emotional support all the time. It’s unfortunate, but if you can negotiate about meeting each of your needs this doesn’t have to be a big problem. One of the problems with begging for attention is that if you’re not ready for it, each request brings the stress levels higher. Often this can be about affection *right now*, when this is particularly unlikely to work – AS people often react strongly against sudden changes of plan. In my case, it can have the opposite of the desired effect – I just shut down and it gets longer the more my wife asks for my attention. It’s not voluntary or a lack of love for her, I’ve just reached overload and need to decompress. It does help if I tell her briefly what’s going on at the time and discuss it afterwards, so she knows that I’m not ignoring her.
December 22, 2016 at 2:32 PM
Unknown said...
My Aspie husband functions at a 14 year old social live. Marvelous for hanging out and having fun. Forget anything adult like.
He was diagnosed at 45. If I had money and could move across the country with our kid, I would have. His executive functioning skills are garbage.
It isn't the lack of cuddle time that is my big b*tch, but me being "mom". It's his never ending sensory issues. It's stress of visiting/appointments that puts him a fetal position.
Maybe there are some women that can bucket it up and go the extra mile, I can't anymore. I work and raise our kid. He screws around with his special interests. I do all that point blank Aspie command crap you are suppose to do when talking. A direct question makes him panic.
A child with an Aspie is an 18 year prison term. I have 3 more to go. As soon as our kid is firmly in college, I'm walking away. He can keep everything. I don't care. The only other thing is filing a restraining order, because I'm sure he'll show up on my porch crying.
He'll be crying because life is hard, and I'm not there to be the human shield anymore. Friend, 25 years of helping, pushing, enabling, baby setting you through life...you don't want me, you want hired help or a mom.
I did not knowingly date an Aspie. Had I known, I would have never EVER gotten married. There is nothing in it for me. I get to watch a man child toodle around with his special interests and have sex ever so often. He's on SSDI,so he really has no reason to do anything now.
Living with an Aspie is either a) beating your head against a brick wall or b) pretend he's a special needs kid and contort your life to make his easier.
If I wind up in hell, it can't be any worse than the past 18 years. Ignored, taunted, shunned? Devil dude, I lived that for 25 years. Expectations crushed? Please...been there.
My husband is a decent human. We should have never married. He would have made a good friend, because there are a lot less expectations with a friendship. He has never learn to progress emotional past age 13/15.
The only NT/ASD marriages I know that work are much older people with no kids and almost have separate lives but live under one roof.
Right now my husband is in meltdown mode, slamming his head against the wall because he let his car battery died. I'm here because there is nothing I can do until he burns himself out.
January 12, 2017 at 12:13 PM
NTjen said...
I am so glad to find this site. My husband (46 years of age) of 14 years is waiting for a formal diagnosis, which is a technicality for me as I know he's an aspie already. But since he is not a self starter nor taking responsibility for his behaviour, he seems to need the diagnosis in order to take his problem seriously.
I feel for the previous blogger as I can understand her point of view. She is heroically keeping the family together for her child, as I am also. My marriage has brought me to lows no one should reach, and that is the perspective she is writing from. I have had my husband lock himself in the bathroom for hours after a meltdown to avoid facing up to something.
When I get my thoughts together and read a little more of these blogs I will make another entry. At the moment I am trying to process so much information my brain is on fire and it would all come out scrambled!
I am hoping the diagnosis is positive, otherwise I am potentially married to some kind of sociopath or something....
January 21, 2017 at 9:45 AM
NTjen said...
I have to say after a rather difficult exchange with my husband (everything is difficult) if you can get out of your aspie/NT relationship, do so, please! RUN very fast and get out. They will say to you that it's your problem not theirs. Please please don't stay and get abused like me and all these other poor souls...Being with an aspie is abusive, see it for what it truly is!
January 21, 2017 at 3:29 PM
Lonewolf101 said...
Omg, there is a sense of being water-boarded...dear Lord it's true. A sense of dying while still alive. Drowning in hopelessness.
February 20, 2017 at 6:38 PM
Lonewolf101 said...
Omg, you are not married, run. Run like hell. I don't care what anybody says the sex with an aspie does not continue. As things get more complicated with kids, mortgage, life expectation the aspie becomes less able to cope with it all. My aspie husband and I never have sex. It's like he is asexual and therefore I've become asexual. Life is depressing. I cannot stand being near him basically because at any moment he will say or do something completely inconsiderate to myself or our 7 YO son. I'm ready to leave. Eleven years of my life is enough to live with this debilitating emotional handicap. Imagine you life is a 1000 piece puzzle. Your childhood filled with excitement of how all the pieces will come together and the beautiful picture you will create. Your teenage years and early twenties the pieces for the corners and the outside edges start to come together. Suddenly to your dismay you realize that there are 50 pieces of the center of the puzzle missing and no matter how hard you try, the most important key elements of your life will never be seen or enjoyed. "How could this happen? I bought a new puzzle? I want my money back!" You get the analogy, by then it's too late.
February 20, 2017 at 7:03 PM
Lonewolf101 said...
100% agree. There is no give and take. I'm exhausted.
February 20, 2017 at 7:14 PM
Lonewolf101 said...
Your story about your husband and his albeit unintentionally heartless comments sounds much like my undisgnosed asperger husband of 10 years. I have very little social support from family. We have a 7 year old son who is NT. I'm 35 and wanted more children, but do not think I want more children with my husband. 37 years is such a long time! Would you make the same choices if you had it to do again, notwithstanding the birth of your children, of course.
February 20, 2017 at 7:36 PM
Lonewolf101 said...
I think everybody on here had the same questions and no answers as you do. My aspie husband of 10 years and I have same issue. He is basically asexual and therefore I have to be the same.
February 20, 2017 at 7:39 PM
Lonewolf101 said...
It's so awesome that you are caring and concerned regarding your wife, family and others. The difference between my AS husband and you is that he would never take time away from his own interests to read a single comment on this blog much less create a caring comment. It's heartbreaking because I really love him. I'm a Christian and do not believe in divorce, but this marriage has literally made me physically and emotionally ill. If only my husband could communicate like you or even put forth the effort to connect or care like you do, we could be happy. It's a very lonely place to be as I'm not close to my family and have grown apart from many friends because of our home dysfunctional state. So it's not like it's something my girlfriends could even understand or relate to. There is absolutely no other place in the world other than prayer that I can vent these feelings except on this blog.
February 20, 2017 at 8:13 PM
Thalia said...
There is an enormous variability among Aspies as well as NTs! I thought Aspies were supposed to be the ones with rigid thinking. Jeez.
Not to mention the millions of people who are ADD, have a personality disorder, have mental illnesses and traumatic injuries and brain injuries from combat... Being human is an enormously complex thing that has infinite variations.
Many non-Aspies are abusive, and many Aspies are known to be very caring people with some differences in how they perceive emotions etc. Aspies are very often bullied by "NT"s in school.
Loads of people here are equating "Aspie" with "Aspie straight male" sounds like...
There are certainly some Aspie men who are abusive or abuse due to emotional regulation trouble and lack of self-understanding; autism has so many different "flavors" though. Most adult Aspies have not had education appropriate for their neurotype; these days, autistic kids are being taught how to recognize their emotions much more explicitly. NTs just "get" a lot of that. But then, some NTs "get" it and then use it to manipulate and harm others!
Some of the Aspie women out here who were forced to pay massive attention to interpersonal details -- and developed a pretty decent working model eventually of how that all works -- due to gender norms to survive (yes survive) would appreciate it if their existence were at least considered... the ratio of autistic men to women keeps going down in the research, too.
Aspie women are often raped due to not getting the social clues about safety, not that it's ever the woman's responsibility if she is raped. Rape can be done to males too of course. Life throws nasty stuff to everyone eventually...
A lot of autistics care very deeply about others; that is something to cherish, as it is in NTs of all intellectual levels, folks with ADD, and people with conditions that don't even have names yet.
March 14, 2017 at 7:24 PM
Jonathan and Monika said...
Thanks Thalia, that's true that Aspie women are not as uncommon as has been summed. TBH, I have found a number of them very helpful, as quite a few are active online (I like Musings of an Aspie and a number of the contributors on Quora, for example). A few are mothers with autistic kids of their own, and they can comment on their experiences dealing with Aspies and NTs as partners, parents, mentors, friends etc.
Since they tend to be more emotionally aware than the men on the whole, they provide an interesting bridge between Aspies and NTs and can explain the way we think in a clear way. There are plenty of guys who are helpful too, but I've always fit the female Aspie stereotype better and can relate more to Aspie women.
I've been finding out a lot of weird stuff about myself since I find out that I might be autistic. The whole emotional recognition and regulation issue that you describe was a weird one: I took some ADHD medication after telling my psychiatrist that I didn't have any mental health issues, and went straight into suicidal depression. I didn't even realise that I was depressed, so I looked up what it meant to be suicidal without depression. That's when I found out about alexithymia - I didn't even know that I didn't know about my emotions before then, and thought I was fairly even keeled on the whole. It turns out that I may actually have bipolar, but I had no idea before.
I've found intercultural training has been the most helpful thing for me when it comes to appropriate behaviour - if you look at the iceberg model of culture, anything under the surface may well be difficult for Aspies to internalize: http://www.homeofbob.com/literature/esl/icebergModelCulture.html I always found it difficult to understand a lot of these aspects of my own culture, but whenever I asked people to explain they couldn't help me much and told me that nobody really knew about these issues, they were just making it up as they went along and there were no rules. I guess it's like language in that way - you can know how to use it and how to recognise good and bad grammar without actually studying grammar or knowing the rules. When I went abroad and had intercultural training, it made a lot more sense as everything was spelled out.
March 15, 2017 at 11:19 AM
MissPiggy said...
Love this post! Very true.
March 18, 2017 at 12:57 PM
Eli Noah said...
Special occasions are always interesting with my Aspie. Gifts are here and there. My Aspie crossed a major boundary issue (for me) by buying a gift for a transferring female coworker. He was always funny about Christmas gifts which is what made it so shocking that he bought one for this person and said it was a transfer gift (about six months in advance). Aspie's skewed thinking almost cost him our marriage. I am glad I saw this article as it makes life with Aspie much more do-able.
March 27, 2017 at 6:48 PM
usdlphnlvr said...
Every situation is unique just as our aspies are. I have married an undiagnosed and given birth to a now diagnosed. Our son's diagnosis helped me see all the help and services my hubby never received. I chose to grow my patience. I came to realize that the way I envisioned conversations of equal exchange were an unfair expectation. We went on a weekend marriage retreat long before rock bottom. It helped us/ me greatly to see his side. There are a lot more of my asking "are you listening" before I start a long conversation that I would like feedback from. I now know that the feedback may take days after he has had a chance to digest the rant I gave. I will also add that he does well most days in his career being active duty military. But some days, after being out for a period of time, he just needs to stay at home and "not people." I now schedule everything. I also learned that it's ok to go out with my friends as he stays home. This is his personality. I love him for his patience with me and our son. His humbleness, quietness, and his strength to provide for our family. His loyalty knows no bounds. I wouldn't trade him or change him for the world. 12 years of marriage and many more!
I would never encourage someone to stay in an abusive relationship but maybe check the communication skills of both parties before calling it quits.
June 26, 2017 at 8:14 AM
I❤tomorrow said...
Find another way. If you have endured all this (and being just 2 years into a relationship with an undiagnosed Aspie - we're waiting for the psych appointment and I already know exactly what you are talking about), then you are a VERY STRONG PERSON. You, like me and most of the contributors on here, are a very caring person, but you only get one go at life and you shouldn't destroy yourself for him to be able to continue in his 'groove' that is never going to change. Your child will also benefit from your strength and example.
Yours is an old post so you may have done all this already - I hope so. I am going to leave my own 'relationship ' in the very near future and find someone who can respect, love and reciprocate in a normal way before I succumb to severe depression. I live my partner and really pity him, but I cannot give up the rest of my life for someone who can speak to me like something he brought in on his shoe, or can bore me for as many hours as I can bear to listen about his favourite subject, but never EVER asks me a question about my own needs or interests. To any of you out there:DO NOT LET THEM DRIVE YOU TO THINKING SUICIDE IS AN OPTION!! If you look inside yourself, you CAN leave and start again, no matter how hard it may be. Sending you all massive hugs just for you, the lovely, enduring, patient and caring people that you are.❤
July 5, 2017 at 8:29 AM
I❤tomorrow said...
Leave and start again. You are strong and you WILL find a way. Your child will benefit from your strength and example. I'm only 2 years into my relationship with an undiagnosed Aspie but am already close to the end of my tether. I have left and returned 3 times because, like you, I am an extremely caring person, but I desperately crave love and a reciprocal relationship and a NORMAL 2 WAY CONVERSATION. So on will shortly be leaving for good. Yes, thus makes me feel guilty, yes I love him, but I cannot sacrifice myself and the rest of my life for a relationship that is already running me into the ground.
Big hugs to you all who are going through this, you SO deserve them (and will definitely NEED them) x
July 5, 2017 at 8:37 AM
Overgrowing said...
Michelle, this is a very gross comment and I'd be ashamed if I'd left it. I'm sorry you've had negative experiences with 'aspies' (a word NTs should not use) but that is not an excuse for bigotry or glorifying suicide.
September 25, 2017 at 11:39 PM
Unknown said...
You have the right to your opinion as I have the right to mine. However, I am not responsible for your distorted view of my perspective and I certainly won't be losing any sleep over your insults. After being tormented for decades as the collateral damage of this disability, I'll call them what I damn well please.
September 26, 2017 at 2:35 PM
Sushin said...
I can understand you Michelle even if my situation is different. Life can be hell with an AS partner. I am 75 and I have been married to my AS husband for 27 years. I knew there was something wrong with him but couldn't put my finger on it until 2 years ago. I was extremely frustrated and at times I was ready to leave. Of course he thought he was the perfect husband and couldn't understand why. However after I found out about his AS things started to change between us. I read a lot about the syndrome and I started interacting in a different way with him and things slowly got better. But he still reacts like a child and I will never be able to have a really adult conversation with him, that is quite obvious to me. On the other hand he is a very responsible person and he is a successful business owner. He never yells at me and we always had a sex life until a couple of years ago when he was diagnosed with diabetes. He tells me he still finds me attractive and that he regrets our sex life. We could cuddle, we do occasionally but not for long because that makes him very uncomfortable. He will very seldom admit he is wrong and will seldom thank me for what I do for him. This could go on and on... In other words he has good sides and bad sides and he has more good sides now than he did before I found out about his AS. I try to accept him the way he is. We very seldom argue now. I have a few good friends, I have my own life, and I do what I want whenever I want and he says nothing. Sunday is OUR day. We often go out, and usually we have a good time. The rest of the week he is at his business place most of the time, which is okay with me. I never feel lonely, have always been like that. When he retires - if he does - we intend to buy a house with a garage - his man cave - so that he can keep busy doing his own thing while I am doing mine. However, I would not stay with him if I were younger. I would leave, that is for sure. Living with an AS partner is a real challenge and it can drive you crazy at times. But at my age I don't feel the need to do that. We found a way that is convenient for both of us. Wish you the best Michelle, you deserve it!
September 27, 2017 at 7:36 AM
Jump said...
This may sound very blunt, but I would question why you are still with him. You seem to have a 'perfect' aspie. By that I mean he is probably the best version of an aspie you can get. Affection can be incredibly difficult, so it sounds as though you are in a much better position than most NT-AS couples. If it still bothers you then I would suggest you are perhaps trying to fit a square peg in a round hole and it will never work. Neurotypical people and those of us with aspergers have a completely different mindset and although we can hide certain things or get very good at acting, it will never change what is going on in our brain underneath that. We are just wired differently.
A lot of the frustration I read here is from people expecting their aspie partner to just change, and that won't happen. There are billions of other humans on this planet. Find another neurotypical to be with and let your aspie partner find another aspie to be with. I can understand if you have young children and are forced to stay put for a few years for their sake (although they will know something is wrong). But those of you who are able to leave should do so. Aspie's lose the energy and drive to keep up an act as we get older, so if you have problems now then it will only get worse over time. Why trap yourselves (and them) in an incompatible and miserable relationship when there are so many other people out there?
You shouldn't need to change your partner to be happy. If you do then you don't belong together. It really is quite simple.
October 22, 2017 at 6:53 PM
Jump said...
Well said! I'm struggling to have any sympathy for the people on here complaining about their aspie partners. No one is forcing you to stay with them. There are LOTS of other people in the world that you WON'T need to change to understand. Quit whinging and date/marry someone more compatible for goodness sake! Let them find another aspie who understands them and prefers that behaviour and you find a non-aspie who acts 'normal'!
October 22, 2017 at 6:59 PM
Jump said...
There are plenty of aspie men out there who will PREFER all the quirks you have. I'm a female with autism and have never had trouble dating aspie men. They love that I think the same way and vice versa. There are now dating sites specifically for aspies (which I didn't have growing up). You can definitely find someone, so don't get down. : )
October 22, 2017 at 7:05 PM
Sharon Gunn said...
It is not going to change; it will not get better.Believe me lam now into 48 years of marriage and the past 7 knowing he is ASPIE. you can change he can not. Either leave or accept.Yes it's difficult. It is a brain disconnect and if he was your child you would find behaviour modification training or therapist for him or the two of you. Ask yourself do you want a lifetime of this. Or can you accept and change .
November 14, 2017 at 6:03 PM
Sharon Gunn said...
I have heard that sometimes Aspies attract.Try dating someone who is on the spectrum.
November 14, 2017 at 6:20 PM
Meeka_Inc said...
I know this is an older post; just wondering what eventuated of this relationship?
March 25, 2018 at 5:13 PM
Unknown said...
Hi there... I found the notification for this comment to be quite validating given that I rarely even think of Asperger syndrome these days.
I terminated this relationship and my divorce was final at the start of this month.
I have never been happier nor have my children who never see their father as once he 'lost' the fight of keeping us, found it incredibly easy to discard them.
I have been healing faster than I thought possible and am blessed to not be stuck in that hell any more.
All you NT partners that stay regardless of your justification, need to acknowledge that you have agreed to take the abuse or leave. It's that fucking simple. Choose... happy or miserable?
All the best..
March 29, 2018 at 11:12 PM
What About It? said...
Really? Aspie are not "dictated" by emotions? What do you call a meltdown? Reassurance is for connectedness if you barely look or interact with your partner it would be reasonable to wonder if interest has been lost. Many of us narrowed men who mimicked social skills too and acted in a way that was deceptive making the NT believe this was who they were only to flip a switch once married. I agree with you that if the neurotypical knows the person has Aspergers and move forward with their relationship then the expectation placed on the aspie would be unfair. However thousands of women can tell you that their aspie was very different when courting in essence deceiving the person into a permanent relationship. For those of us who take marriage vows seriously that means to get a divorce which goes against are morals or stay stuck in a marriage where you're slowly dying. By the way I no many women that make more than their husbands and have permanent jobs not all aspie have good jobs or income for that matter.
October 27, 2018 at 9:44 AM
What About It? said...
One of your parents was likely on the spectrum so you likely did not witness an NT marriage...
October 27, 2018 at 9:50 AM
What About It? said...
Byron b just so you know many aspie men deceptively hid their disability. not all of us knew that they were aspie
October 27, 2018 at 9:52 AM
What About It? said...
Jump btw I have witnessed aspie marriages they're actually worse because both are inflexible you need someone to be able to given otherwise you have a complete meltdown and nothing is ever resolved
October 27, 2018 at 9:53 AM
Amanda said...
Write it out in letter form and give it to him. Tell him there are some things that are hard for him to hear in it and that you want him to know what is going on with you and have the space to react and keep a copy of it for yourself. Then, allow him the space to react.
If you know someones reaction to hard truths is to shut down, give them the space to to it, inform them you NEED follow-up to the information shared, verbal or written (specify) and that you want both of you to grow from it.
January 17, 2019 at 4:36 PM
Anonymous said...
Wow, a blog that has had traction for years and years!
There is a 12 step group now for people who love someone on the spectrum. Trying to change someone - make an AS individual into an NT - really doesn't work very well, but building bridges of communication through compassion does.
PS when AS people marry they do not necessarily marry "the opposite sex" (-: they are more comfortable with gender fluidity than NTs, oftentimes.
April 16, 2019 at 6:52 PM
Anonymous said...
I have high-functioning Autism (f.k.a. Asperger’s) and I don’t care if someone called me an Aspie. I can categorically tell all the NTs out there not to have their insecurities being fixed or have their emotional void filled with something they most crave (especially having children!) by dating an Aspie. If you accept dating an Aspie, then go ahead, but Aspies will NOT change – it’s not that they don’t want to, it’s simply that it hurts so much (emotionally and sensory overload for them, that’s why they are 9 times more likely to commit suicide). Aspies are extremely logical and only see emotions objectively (even their own that’s why they don’t show them) – to a degree that it’s literally pathological – which means they will not entirely understand a NT’s common illogical feelings; maybe this is the cruel irony, but their brains do not physiologically function the same way as NTs’. If an NT tries or hopes to change an Aspie, then they are delusional – it’s an long-term uncurable disability! It can be managed, though, with very good planning techniques, but it could be very exhausting, especially for the NT side. Just be cognisant that NTs will sacrifice more than what they want to gain from a relationship unless you strongly share a common interest. On one hand, don’t feel bad for the Aspies, they don’t mind the solitude; on the other hand, Aspies are not psychopaths – so don’t have your unfortunate experiences turn into unconscious biases against all the Aspie population.
April 22, 2019 at 1:16 PM
Hawkeye said...
My husband has aspects and won't attend counseling and I am in treatment for most ptsd depression and anxiety what are some things I can do that will help our relationship without much effort from him ?
May 23, 2019 at 11:20 PM
Anonymous said...
I really understand the PTS as a spouse of someone with Aspergers.l 4am married 50 years to my wonderful ,eccentric and maddening spouse whom l only knew in the recent past is on the spectrum. I only discovered this because l had a student with Aspergers. What can you do? You can love yourself and focus on making life wonderful for yourself.yep l understand the PTS. It is stressful to have to deal with his anxiety disorder and that almost everything requires you to clarify understanding. Best thing to do is keep life simple for him and you get out as much as you can socially on your own.Yes it is not the marriage that you envisioned but keep in mind that he is still the same person you married for all those wonderful eccentric qualities that attracted you to him. The way l handle the stress is to limit the time together and plan ahead .He can't change his lack of empathy .love yourself go on holidays on your own with girlfriends. If you focus on the stress it becomes more stressful. Cut down on the chores by finding alternatives.My husband use to cook . I would so love him to cook dinner for me.That isn't going to happen treat yourself to easy meals at home he can set the table pick up a pizza or a bbq chicken and salad. Go out for breakfast with girlfriends. Don't make life drudgery for your self. I read or watch TV in a different room from him as his habits are so distracting to me. The quality time we spend together is going out for coffee or lunch at a local book room.Walks on the beach working in the garden or out for concerts.Yes if l was younger and knew what was in store for me l wouldn't have stayed. I simply thought he was selfish and lacked any caring or empathy .l realize now it is a cognitive dysfunction.Yes l know Aspies will just say it is a difference.well they can think that but when social anxiety, sensory overload, communication problems resulting in mix ups, delays in being able to process new information and problems in anticipating,planning or initiating any activity or responsibility ---all these things overload the spouse who must take on all of that. This is overwhelming and combine the the burden of responsibility is on the NT spouse with the eccentric behaviours and meltdowns it is over the top and no wonder you have PTSD. Emotional intelligence is the key here for you and counseling for yourself might help. I keep telling myself this is what l need to do . Saying less and holding back not getting into disagreements is hard but the only way as he doesnt see or can not understand and becomes fixated on his construct. My best advice is find a counselor who has experience with Aspergers and will be there for you to help you develop strategies for your self that will make your personal life richer.
May 24, 2019 at 2:53 PM
Unknown said...
I know this was posted years ago but thank you for sharing. I think most the individuals on here are upset about what society tells then should be a "normal" relationship. I love my aspie partner so incredibly much. I was well aware of his diagnosis before dating and did my research. Your last statement is powerful. People often forget that asperger's syndrome is a disability because you can't see it. There are challenges and often I put in more of the emotional work but he works hard in different ways. Being in a relationship with an aspie has actually helped me grow as an individual. Yes, he doesn't shower me with affection and attention but that has helped me understand that you don't need someone to make you feel attractive or sexy that is all on you. When he does show affection or say loving things it makes it, I think, even more special because it is something he's saying just because that's what you're supposed to do. He's saying it because he means it. I know, just like you said, he doesn't want to fail me and he works, in his own way to show me his dedication and love. When in a relationship with an aspie you have to put aside what society has told you are standards for a "normal" relationship. Define what works for your unique relationship. I've been in relationships with "normal" individuals and can safely say my relationship with my aspie partner has twice the love and happiness as those. I don't need him to pick up on my emotional queues, I acknowledge how great his and then tell him exactly what I'm missing i.e. Give me a kiss and hug before you leave the house. No questions or hurt feelings he simply does it and he doesn't it to make me happy, now that's love.
July 11, 2019 at 9:54 AM
Anonymous said...
It’s been a while since you posted this, but as an NT dating a newly discovered Aspie this is very helpful. I believe much can be learned and emulated (yes, I’m a very emotional NT yet naturally say things like “emulate”...I think it’s one reason my Aspie loves me.) Thank you so much for taking the time to share from your PoV, you’ve given me both hope and strategy!
September 17, 2019 at 5:33 AM
Anonymous said...
Phew! I just read this article and ALL of the comments...I feel like I just made it through War and Peace. I can relate to much of what’s written here, both positive and negative. THANK YOU for sharing your experiences, because it is super helpful in trying to navigate my situation. I see a lot of people (both NT and AS) who are hurt, confused, angry, hopeful, resourceful, bitter, resilient, happy, diminished, and just worn out. I am all of those things right now and more.
If my partner were being honest (that’s a joke; he’s HfA so of course he’s honest) he would say he is worn out too because we fight about the same issues over and over again. Namely, my “illogical and inefficient obsession” with his weak to middling outward signs of empathy, reciprocity, and unity. I say outward, because I know there’s something important going on inside of him...we just don’t speak the same language. When mutual understanding is low, we start talking louder at each other, like people do to tourists, until it escalates and we’re yelling and raging. After a cool down period, we’re able to recover...mostly.
So, such is my life as a not-so-very NT woman (c-PTSD, ADHD) in love with a very recently self-diagnosed Aspie. He took an online assessment after he couldn’t understand why I was SO upset he didn’t plan anything or get me a gift for our 3rd year together...yes, it was an “anniversary” in my mind, and I still don’t know what he truly thinks it was. I have had many a holiday/birthday/event/vacation that turned sour because he typically doesn’t celebrate or reciprocate, and because of my own bullshit baggage I’ve internalized it as a reflection of my value and worth. As a result, I look like I’ve aged 10 years in 3 with worry, crying, and negative self-soothing habits (wine and ice cream). Conventional wisdom would tell me I should have dumped him on the spot on “my” anniversary, but there was something about the sweet way he was acting that was incongruent with the assumption that he was just being a selfish jerk. With eyes swollen shut from crying, I asked some questions with a (mostly) genuine sense of curiosity and was shocked to learn that at 50+ years of age, he really, truly didn’t understand the expectations of an anniversary. That triggered memories of him joking about being autistic, and a light bulb went on. So he researched, found and took an AS assessment on his own, shared the unexpectedly high results, and here I am a few weeks later. We are both working through our grief and acceptance cycles, it comes in waves. He oscillates on the idea of getting formally diagnosed; its only a formality to me. Thanks to you guys taking the time to post above, I think I’m starting to get a true sense of what I’m really working with. I thought I was dating a part-time narcissist, but this is starting to make a lot of sense...God help me! (Continued in next post)
September 17, 2019 at 6:19 PM
Anonymous said...
(Continued from above)
We’re both middle aged professionals with kids from previous marriages, and we feel like we should have met 25 years ago when the trajectory of our lives were forming. Does that count as a connection, even though I’m so hungry for a deeper one? I’m very emotional and empathetic (Myers-Brigg INFJ), he’s definitely not...and couldn’t care less what his personality profile is. However, like a few posters above, my AS guy is super obsessed with guitars and music...I’m not talented, but I like the one poster’s idea of picking up an instrument to be able to connect more with him.
When my guy is on, he’s fantastic! Really affectionate, smart, funny, insightful, talented in and out of bed...fireworks! When he’s overstimmed and not at his best, he’s over the top sarcastic, rage-y, doesn’t care what he says to whom ever regardless of the impact and damage...fireworks of a different kind. I’ve had to do a lot of apologizing for this behavior. When he’s tired or in the “in between”, I get hurt and confused by the silence/lack of response, and my fear gets me into my irrational zone and it doesn’t help matters. Sometimes I feel like I have to initiate and do everything. I’m already a mom, when do I get to be queen for a day? The dynamic has definitely damaged our relationship; after reading the posts above I see have also let it damage my relationship with myself. I often wonder if the NT/AS dynamic heightens the triggers of each of our previous abusive relationships from childhood and beyond. We acknowledge we are both in a healing process; he supports me going to therapy but is flatly disinterested in participating. (He did say once that because therapy is good for me, it is good for us. I was over the moon - he said “us”!!!!) For those of you in truly abusive situations, please get out of the relationship...especially if you have kids, the impact of trauma can last a lifetime.
I’m starting to understand that Aspies are complex individuals like anyone else...with or without the condition, people can be positive, negative, or somewhere in between. Despite the high drama I think mine trends positive, and I know we’ve helped each other become better people with each other’s differences. He shares his dessert more often, and has surprised me by stoically taking care of really big problems even though he’s oblivious to small to medium sized daily problems. I am becoming much more direct in establishing my boundaries...but it is soooo hard sometimes. Am I deceiving myself in thinking that things can work out with mutual (key word) effort, or am I being foolish when I feel self-righteous by risking the most important relationship of my life? By the posts above I see that regardless of how he is, I need to more assertively claim what makes me happy in my life. My kids, friends, hobbies, self-care...it makes sense to prioritize these areas in my life for so many reasons. I do wish there was a support group in my area! Best wishes to everyone, and thank you for letting me articulate what’s been swirling around in my head and heart...I hope you all find what makes you feel content, appreciated and respected.
September 17, 2019 at 6:25 PM
Anonymous said...
Yes it IS like smashing your head against a brick wall or drowning. It doesn't change. Mostly l have to steele myselfand make efforts to not be affected by his lack of empathy or connection. Avoid conversations as he only sees it his way.The executive functioning skills are nonexistent.
September 18, 2019 at 10:47 AM
JULIA said...
Oh, Anonymous [September 17, 2019 at 6:25 PM]; a lot of us have been following and re-posting to this wonderful post for some years now; you and I share a lot of similarities (as many couples on this thread); I too am a Myers-Brigg's, INFJ, attracted to an undiagnosed Aspie [extreamly/highly intelligent, black & white personality, no children, low EQ, fixated on his limited interests: health & fitness, diet, movies, exercise] and I have 3 children from a previous marriage; we don't live together, have no sex life (unless I have a tantrum), and he's just as happy to have me for Saturday night dinners/movies and Sunday afternoon walks - can anyone else identify??!!!!
NOW 12 years in, there are NO more tears left to cry, ultimatums don't work, we have broken up and got back together so many times (always me initiating it and being too co-dependant to just walk away - YES, we do love each other!) - it just is what it is. For whatever reason, I'm attracted to the 'strong, silent type', and while we are 'happy', as extroverts, we are fairly easy-going and enabling, so it's easy for us to step into someone's interests, there's a whole other side of my life he's just not involved in.
It will ALWAYS be like this, never quite making it to 'first base' with wanting to grow together towards marriage and living together; it's just ME getting to the stage that I CAN walk away and not being so co-dependent and wanting to change him. He simply is unable to.
September 18, 2019 at 2:34 PM
Anonymous said...
Hi all, its “Anonymous September 17 at 6:25” again...clearly I’m new to this whole posting thing, I’ll figure out how to get a name eventually! I wasn’t expecting a response, so I was thrilled to see TWO...it feels so good not to be alone.
I’m grieving the fact that it won’t change, I can’t fix him. Only I have the capacity to change - and so far it hasn’t been in the direction of my (conscious) choosing. You made me laugh, Anonymous — see brick, unceasingly bang head here! I’m looking back at all of my impassioned pleas for reciprocation, the gut wrenching feelings of rejection, his squashing reaction to my “novel” opportunities in the world, the utter loneliness, the new lines etched all over my face. At least I’m starting to understand it’s not anything horrible I did or didn’t do...and I’m starting to forgive. Both him, and myself to a lesser extent.
Julia—when I read your post, I wanted to hug you. I’ve never knowingly met another INFJ in my life! I work in a technical field, so I “flip the switch” and masquerade as an INTJ when needed. It’s like you described my life...down to the Saturday night dinner/movies and Sunday walks. Ugh! When I try to suggest we walk a different path once in a while, fugghedaboudit!
How are the relationship dynamics between him and your kids? I so hoped for my crew to bond tightly; it could be much worse, but no strong connection. My ASp does have an adult son from a previous marriage; he and my kids look and act if they are natural siblings. No evidence of spectrum behavior there, just a lot of hurt, knowing looks when things ramp up. I read the goodtherapy.org article “Married with Undiagnosed ASD: Why Women Who Leave Lose Twice”, and I felt a pit in my stomach because it reminded me of my parents growing up, and now myself to a (somewhat) lesser extent.
That article scares me. I don’t want to be a granite statute worn down to a two dimensional monolith, damn it!
Yet it’s slowly happening, and will be my fate, if I don’t change my way of thinking. My mother was a beautiful, vibrant but wounded woman years ago. I’m not sure if my dad is AS or narcissistic, but over the years she was reduced down to that flat slab of granite with no identity and is just waiting to die. Horrible, sad, and true. I hate it, but after 4 decades I know I cannot change them. Hate it, hate it, hate it.
So I can’t let that be me, for myself and for generations to come. I’m very traditional and sentimental, but I do have a streak of rebellious optimism — how can I turn my dashed expectations into an opportunity to have an AMAZING life?? His prefrontal cortex is wonky and he ghosts me on Fridays? Today he didn’t respond to 60% of the comments that Dr. John Gottman calls “love bids”? So effing what! There are also a ton of great things about him that keep me in love, but I need to work on ME. Cuz there are a ton of great things about me too, and I need to learn to love myself first. No more wringing my hands on Friday night waiting for a text or call - I’m gonna enjoy my alone time and do something fun!
Ok, fevered rant over...
Thanks again for letting me express myself, its so good not to be alone in this!
September 20, 2019 at 4:03 PM
Godspeed974 said...
It is emotional abuse though not intended....Cassandra syndrome etc...My husband is diagnosed with AS and I suffer emotionally from the disconnect and the inability he has to deeply connect to me as a husband...my counslor says I have to learn to accept it but being an empath it is extremely hard to change my hard wiring to accommodate his hard wiring...its a REALLY HARD place to be
July 3, 2020 at 9:51 AM
Anonymous said...
Yes l agree and every day l marvel at how l an otherwise strong woman suffer with grief or depression because l know my husband will never share as a full partner in our relationship. He is the child and all my support goes to him.There is never an outreach from him towards me. This makes me sad that l can never have that bond with him. He is a good man.
July 4, 2020 at 7:11 AM
Anonymous said...
In reading my comments regarding g the lack of support or connection fro. My husband who is a "good man"- there are worse things! I could have ca cer or he could be abusive.i shod thank God every day that he my husband did kind ,non criticalandcan be supportive.
July 9, 2020 at 4:46 AM
Anonymous said...
Hubby and I are approaching our 14th Wedding anniversary. We have both suffered with depression during our marriage for external reasons, him, the death of his mother, me, my upbringing. When I got together with my husband he was and still is the kindest, most caring man and my friends and relatives think I am so lucky, which I am.
However, we have not had any physical activity in our relationship for the last four years. My husband once said he didn’t like sex as it was messy. I can deal with that and sex isn’t everything and I can ‘look after myself’ so to speak.
We are more like brother and sister and because of the Covid virus my husband has been working from him for the last seven months. My husband will help me around the house with the chores and he is currently cooking a roast dinner. He looks after me financially so I have a lot to be thankful for. However there is hardly any hugging, no holding hands when out, in fact he walks about eight feet in front of me, hardly any kissing apart from the odd peck on the mouth. There is no cuddling in bed at all and I have to admit that I do love my Aspergers husband dearly and would not dream of leaving him but sometimes this marriage is very, very lonely.
October 11, 2020 at 4:20 AM
Anonymous said...
my undiagnosed aspie husband of 20 years has just run away from his life . He blames me for everything sees things that don’t exist re criticisms . Told me before deciding to leave that we wouid not be having sexual again and that was ok as we are older now ( i am 50 he 53) . He is emotionally void . I used to think he was quiet and kind now I think he is just not interested . If I go away on holiday ( before he left ) with our children ... i ask him if he misses me “ no , I know you will be back “. He mimics social niceties and greetings with others but does not kiss me / hold my hand / cuddle / comfort me when i’m distress . it has been two years since h left- it has been awful - i do love him. I was prepared to put up with it all as I can amuse myself and am busy with the children and work .
Hi father brother and nephew are all undiagnosed aspies but there has been suggestion for the latter two by medics . it all fits now that I know I know . He is great at making himself look good whilst minimamising my efforts . He is always right - the dishwasher needs loaded his way or he will undo it as it is “ wrong”. Divorce now on cards - he treats me like a disposable wife who matters nothing to him . He even had cheek to say he feels no connection to me . I am an outgoing empathetic person who used to be gregarious. Now i feel sad and think I married a man who was going through the motions because his friends were getting married . He has always sought time on his own in his past times - most recently untra running . He does not cherish family / family time although loved his children . That said he sees them when it suits him and is largely superficial... he is now more of an uncle not a dad ... he is not there for the day to day . Now he wants me to pay for everything myself ... all running costs of myself eg my car phone gym etc ... running of family home he really just wants to not pay a thing for me yet knows i earm way less than him and 3 kids in the house costs a ton . He will pay mortgage he says . Thing is he wants to simplify his life as he can’t cope with it all . He has thrown me under the bus tho . He thinks it’s fine and does niot see this as his letting his family down . The children were devastated but are ok now . He left during our daughters most important school year ... but still managed to twist that to “ that shows you just how bad it was for me “ he says to me and anyone . There is no acknowledgment of the pain or on the impact of this on me and abd the children . His focus is on himself - yet he probably wouid not agree and wouid say something like he had to leave to keep afloat fur sake of the family finances ... or something a positive spin to justify his selfishness . I cannot see how it is ok to be this way and not identify an issue . He never gets jokes he hates small talk etc . i miss him and I loved him anyway even though I felt like he was tolerating me and that he was a reluctant husband and father . I have had panic attacks and am on anti depressants- i know he wants to cut me loose ... it’s very painful because I wouid have helped him no matter what . He seems to need nothing and want nothing . He lives on his own in what will be a very ordered flat with no chaos of teenagers . I hope he is lonely but suspect he loves it . He shouid never have got married and did say to me 25 years ago “ i can’t give you what you want “ - hauntingly he used the same phrase two years ago ... at some level I think he knows he has issues .
October 25, 2020 at 5:52 PM
Charlotte said...
Finally somebody who is defending. Do people think we like being like this? How can we be helped to connect more and to function in a way that is more acceptable? Is someone going to help? Is there help? I am seeing a therapist and nobody has mentioned aspbergers except a friend and I see all of this and think wow, yes, I see that but then all of the negativity towards the condition. Being like this is not a choice it is just who we are as individuals...why the persecution?
July 18, 2021 at 3:29 AM
LP&E said...
I am rather unsympathetic to all of these women saying the same thing about their emotional needs not being met, how hard they struggle, how depressed they are, etc. I have Asperger’s and my wife is complaining. Most of these complains fall into the category of “get over yourself”. Or grow up. Your AS husband forgets your birthday and you go to pieces. He does not fully pay attention to all of your constant not well defined shifting needs and life goes to hell. Really, how am I to take these arguments seriously. I don’t.
Now step back for a min. and ask what does the average NT husband go through? Well I would say that it closely match’s what the NT wife married to an AS husband goes through. We do not hear men crying and complaining that their life is ruined because their wife does not attend to their emotional needs or forgot their BD.
So in summary the NT wife/AS husband is getting a taste of what most NT husbands receive and you are going to pieces and ready to end the relationship. If men applied the same standard to NT wives what a different story we would have.
In summary get over yourself and make an effort for the man as all of you NT women expect the man to do so for you.
Lorenz H. Menke, Jr.
July 18, 2021 at 12:28 PM
LP&E said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
July 18, 2021 at 4:03 PM
Anonymous said...
Exactly. Poor her. She made choices with a man who's far more than aspergers. And yes, you are angry and bitter.
October 20, 2021 at 5:40 PM
Unknown said...
This is such an awesome thread - it's been going on for YEARS (I know I have comments from years ago)...
October 21, 2021 at 2:38 PM
A. Nonamus said...
Wow, comments continuing nearly a decade! Several of the early ones by NT wives unable to cope with or change their Aspie husbands' self-absorbed behaviors are really heartbreaking. As a 53 year-old male Aspie, self-diagnosed earlier this year, I hope I can do better, and that someday soon I get a chance to try. Based on these comments and my perception of my reality, I believe my condition is not as severe as some that were mentioned. I certainly hope that it isn't.
Going back to the article, point 1 about relationships not being a priority: •since "awakening" to my condition, I've realized that being in a relationship with a woman is something that I absolutely can not go on living without, so I must put forth maximum effort to make a relationship mutually satisfying and my top priority.
Point 2, about Aspie relationships being like business arrangements: •ugh, really? Just... yuck. Please don't let that be true for me. I don't want that any more than an NT (or even non-NT) woman would.
Point 3, Aspies not knowing how to show their love •probably fits me, and I will need guidance, but I promise to give it my best effort. I realize that if my partner or spouse always has to ask for displays of affection, compliments, or even for me to say, "I love you" (for example, by her always saying it first), that it becomes tedious and dissatisfying. Being severely affected by social communication disorder, I know that I will need coaching to be able to recognize when such things are desired and appropriate, as well as to pay close attention so that I don't miss those signs.
Points 4 and 6, about interests and passions: •due to my unique circumstances, my hobbies and passions up to now have been primarily solo pursuits. I would be ecstatic to meet and develop a loving relationship with a woman who shares even one of them – The Beatles, electronics repair and design/construction, nixie tubes, pinball, props and prop replicas, trivia, and a few more – but I realize that's highly unlikely, and I'm willing to give them all up, because at this point love is all that matters to me anymore. If a woman can love me for being me, I don't need her to feign interest in my geeky hobbies. Quite the reverse, in fact. If making an effort to at least learn a little about her interests and hobbies (if not actually enjoy them myself) will bring us closer or help keep us together, I'll gladly do it.
5. An Aspie needs time alone. •Not me. I've had a lifetime of aloneness already, and I don't want any more of it. I might need a few minutes of cooling off time if I get upset once in a while, but never hours.
To be continued...
November 22, 2021 at 4:36 AM
A. Nonamus said...
...continued
16. It's important to look at the Aspie's motives rather than his actual behavior. •I guess I have to agree with this one? I have so much experience being hurt, that I have no intention of ever hurting a partner who doesn't try to hurt me. If you feel hurt by something I've done or failed to do, just know that I never meant to hurt you and let that give you insight into what my motive may have been. If you still can't figure it out, ask me. Sometimes we Aspies have our own sort of logic, and it may be obscure to anyone else.
17. Lowering expectations will make the marriage more predictable and manageable, if not easier. •Hmm, wow, that's depressing. I'm not sure how I should respond to that. Knowing I'm an Aspie from the start, may lead to lowered expectations initially. I hope to exceed them, so that my partner or spouse can gradually raise them as our relationship matures. How's that?
18. NT partners may feel defined by the role they fill for their Aspie partner, sensing little mutuality, equality and justice. •Depressing and difficult again. If she is defined and limited by her role, won't I be equally defined and limited by mine? If I'm able to at least learn to be responsive, and perhaps even a little proactive, isn't that growth satisfying? While our roles can never be perfectly interchangeable, I hope to be able to bring something worthy to the relationship so that we can both grow and continually refine our own roles to our mutual benefit and pleasure.
19. NT partners may feel that they are sacrificing their own sense of self to fulfill the priorities of their Aspie partner. •I hope not. Clearly, not every NT is able to handle being a partner of an Aspie, just as not every Aspie is capable of the development necessary to sustain a happy marriage to an NT. There is bound to be a strong caregiver aspect for an NT in such a relationship, and if that doesn't give enough self-satisfaction, then that person should have realized before becoming so committed, that it wouldn't satisfy her.
20. NT partners may resent the reality of living on terms dictated by the needs and priorities of the Aspie partner. •I hope I don't dictate terms. My needs are to love and be loved, and I hope I can make her happiness my priority. If I have to "go to school" every day to learn how to do these things then that's what I'll do.
To be continued...
November 22, 2021 at 4:46 AM
A. Nonamus said...
Hmm, some of my posts weren't approved, now they're out of order.
If I were Rain Man, I'd throw a tantrum. But I'm not that afflicted, so I'll try again, and move on.
...continued
7. An NT partner will need patience, perseverance and understanding that I function on a different emotional level. •I'll add that any woman who would have me would also need a great deal of compassion.
8. NT partners can be frustrated by Aspies' lack of emotion and physical contact. •I don't lack emotion, I just don't know how to express it. Sometimes I don't even know exactly what I'm feeling.
My social communication deficit also leaves me clueless about others' feelings if they don't say it outright or make it very obvious. So if she wants me to hold her hand, hug her, kiss her, or something else, I'm going to need to be taught how to recognize those nonverbal signals. Regarding physical contact, I don't hate being touched completely, but only in specific ways. I'm ticklish and HATE being tickled, and dislike being surprised by a touch. So let me know it's coming by sight or sound, don't be overly delicate about it, and I'll be OK with it. If the issue is that I don't initiate physical contact with her, it isn't that I'm averse to it. The problem is that I know there are boundaries. I'm just not sure how they're defined, so to keep out of trouble I stay too far on the "safe" side. This is part of the whole social communication disorder. Again, patience will be helpful. I believe I can learn when and how a woman wants to be touched, if she's in tune enough with her own needs and desires to be able to teach me.
9. Expressing love and displaying affection. •I'm sure I'll need help in these areas. Buying gifts will definitely be a challenge. I have always had great difficulty shopping for others due to various mental blocks. For example, buying things for someone on an emotional basis, i.e. things that are pretty or smell good, or taste good but may be less than healthy, is an alien concept to me. I've found that most people don't want to be asked in advance about a gift, especially if it's left open as in, "what do you want?" Some people won't even answer "yes" or "no" when asked, "would you like me to get you (item) for (occasion)?" This makes me extremely frustrated and depressed at gift-giving times and likely to give nothing at all.
Point 10, in my case, the understatement of the century: Aspies typically mature later than NTs. As young adults they are often emotionally immature and have poor social skills. As time passes, however, they can develop to a point where they are able to enter into a relationship with the opposite sex. •For me, I fear far too much time has passed already. Those statements still apply to me even though I'm now well past being a "young" adult. "Poor" doesn't begin to describe my level of social skills; "Nonexistent" would be more accurate. I believe my emotional and sexual growth were halted at an early age not just by Asperger's but also by several related incidents of psychological trauma. Not being able to connect to people has kept me in that state of arrested development ever since, leaving me like Peter Pan, the boy who never grew up. Sure, I want to cultivate normal adult relationships, but how is that even possible now? Despite how strongly I desire a relationship with the opposite sex, up until now I've been a complete failure at starting one. Even if any of the women I've been acquainted with have shown any hint that they might like our relationship to progress, such hints have completely eluded my notice. Even if I had detected the hints, I would then be at a loss as to what to do next.
To be continued...
November 22, 2021 at 9:01 PM
Jo707 said...
This will be a different type of response. So these are tips for NT's who love their aspie husband's or for those that want to stay and still continue the relationship.
I'm an NT, my husband is on the spectrum. He is high functioning, as many aspie's usually are. It took me a while to accept a lot of the traits that go with the aspie lifestyle. He is a very responsible, kind, generous, and never shows emotions type of man. However, his lack of emotional awareness and empathy has caused many rifts in our relationship. So, although my husband is not the most intimate or spontaneous type of romantic lover, I know that this is reality and not fantasy. Love isn't like a fairy tale.
I'm very lucky that my husband is a good financial provider. We are both grown adults, btw, no children. I love having my own space and I have my own small business, so I do love that he is not clingy and he doesn't require too much attention. I can literally leave him alone for hours and not have to hear him complaining about my lack of attention, so that's a plus for me.
TIP #1: love language. This works for everyone, even NT's. Although my love language is words of affirmation, I know that he is unable to express his emotions; and because I accept his condition, I do not expect him to fulfill this. Now where does this leave me if he is unable to fulfill my love language. Easy, I tell myself how amazing I am everyday. I give myself the love language that I do not receive and in turn, I accept that he showers me with gifts, a home, and money (his love language). Even though those things do not matter to me at all because I have my own money. You see the lesson here is that aspie's cannot understand the concept of emotion and are unable to express what NTs can express so easily with words and physical touch. You can't ask a fish to walk on land if they're not created to do it. You're the stupid one for asking.
TIP #2: Whenever I want affection or attention, I simply ask for it and he gives it to me. Yes, it can be frustrating that you have to be literal and ask for it because it seems like you're forcing it onto your aspie partner; however, it's the only way to get what you want. It doesn't mean they don't want to do it. It's just that most times they are consumed with what's in front of them that you literally have to go up to them and refocus them onto you.
TIP #3: Have your own hobbies. It actually feels good to not have someone breathing down my neck, but I've always liked that anyways. I'm a busy person for the most part, so keep yourself busy. Your life shouldn't be all about your partner anyways, it's not healthy for your self-esteem. Even if he was an NT and not an aspie, you shouldn't be consumed by your partner 24/7. The greatest thing about being with an aspie is that you can be completely independent and they would support everything you do - at least mine does.
To be continued...
November 23, 2021 at 10:29 AM
Jo707 said...
Continued...
TIP #4: Give your partner the credit. If you keep telling them it's not good enough then that is on you. You are either asking for too much or you are just not compatible with this person. Nobody is judging you if being with an aspie isn't for you. Most times, they are trying but won't tell you. I've noticed that my husband keeps all his emotions to himself, but I do love seeing when he tries. When I get sad and want to talk about my feelings, he will sit there and let me vent. It took me a long time to see this because he would just sit there silently. It always made me feel like I was talking to a wall, but he was listening and trying to comprehend my feelings. He’s done so much better now because I've learned to take a few steps back and stop being so selfish. I have become more patient overall, not just with him but with everyone else I deal with. I realized that I do not need a direct answer whenever I demand it. It takes time for other people to process what is being said, and I accept that more than ever now.
TIP #5: Love them for who they are. If you can't accept all of them, their flaws and all, then walk away. I'm fortunate that my aspie husband has never asked me to change for them, it was always me asking them to be more sympathetic. It took me a while to accept that I was being selfish and judgmental of him. There are times where I have to correct the things that hurt my feelings, but every relationship is like this. I've also stopped trying to control him. I saw how much he tried and how he felt bad when he would always make the same mistake. I used to get so angry, but I've acknowledged that it was me trying to make him someone he was not. Accepting this in myself has made my marriage so much better, it's also made him happier and he has grown from that and has improved himself.
TIP #6: Take time for your mental and emotional wellbeing. Go out with friends, family, go get a massage, etc. Don’t make your partner your entire world. ONLY YOU can make yourself a better happier person. Nobody else can do that for you. I have learned that by living my life and working on my internal self that I am able to overcome my own insecurities and I no longer need anyone's reassurance or approval, not even from my aspie husband. It was hard to accept that at first, but I feel ten times better and more confident because I rely on me and not always waiting for my husband to tell me anything about myself.
Well that's it. At the end of the day, if your heart isn't in it anymore then you shouldn't stay, but if you love your aspie then make sure you're not trying to fit them into a mold that they don't belong in. If they're not asking you to change then you shouldn't do it to them. Reciprocation and compromise is one of the best things in any relationship. We don't have to lessen ourselves in our marriage, but we should at least meet our partner's half way.
I hope this helps someone today.
November 23, 2021 at 10:30 AM
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Diplomacy
Biden Strikes Tough Tone on Russia in Diplomatic Push
'We must meet this new moment of accelerating global challenges — from a pandemic to the climate crisis to nuclear proliferation — challenges that will only be solved by nations working together in common cause,' Biden said
By Aamer Madhani, Matthew Lee and Darlene Superville • Published February 4, 2021 • Updated on February 4, 2021 at 9:46 pm
NBCUniversal Media, LLC
President Joe Biden on Thursday said the days of the U.S. “rolling over” to Russian President Vladimir Putin are gone as he called for the immediate release of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny.
During his first visit to the State Department as president, Biden issued his strongest condemnation of Putin as large protests have broken out throughout Russia following the jailing of Navalny. Thousands of protesters have been arrested.
The new American president was also seeking to make clear to the world that he's making a dramatic turn away from Putin following the presidency of Republican Donald Trump, who avoided direct confrontation and often sought to downplay the Russian leader's malign actions.
Navalny, an anti-corruption campaigner and Putin’s most determined political foe, was arrested Jan. 17 upon returning from a five-month convalescence in Germany from a nerve agent poisoning, which he has blamed on the Kremlin.
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“I made it clear to President Putin, in a manner very different from my predecessor, that the days of the United States rolling over in the face of Russia’s aggressive actions — interfering with our election, cyber attacks, poisoning its citizens— are over,” said Biden, who last week spoke to Putin in what White House officials called a tense first exchange. “We will not hesitate to raise the cost on Russia and defend our vital interests and our people.”
Biden's comments on Russia came as he asserted a broad reset of American foreign policy, including reversing Trump's order to withdraw U.S. troops stationed in Germany, ending support for Saudi Arabia's military offensive in Yemen and promising to support LBGTQ rights as a cornerstone of diplomacy.
Using the visit to outline how his foreign policy would differ from that of his predecessor, Biden called for a return to the "grounding wire of our global power.” He sought to buck up the diplomatic corps, many of whom were discouraged by Trump's policies and tone.
“America is back. Diplomacy is back,” Biden told State Department staff before delivering his foreign policy speech. "You are the center of all that I intend to do. You are the heart of it. We’re going to rebuild our alliances”
With Biden's most public diplomatic effort of his young presidency, White House officials said he was hoping to send an unambiguous signal to the world that the United States is ready to resume its role as a global leader after four years in which Trump pressed an “America First” agenda.
He offered a list of issues where he said he would reverse Trump's policies or forge different priorities, including scrapping the former president's plan to withdraw about 9,500 of the roughly 34,500 U.S. troops stationed in Germany. The European nation hosts key American military facilities like the Ramstein Air Base and the headquarters for U.S. European Command and U.S. Africa Command.
Trump announced the pullback after repeatedly accusing Germany of not paying enough for its own defense, calling the longtime NATO ally “delinquent" for failing to spend 2% of its GDP on defense, the alliance benchmark.
No reductions or changes have been made to U.S. troop levels since Trump's announcement. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin hinted at a likely reconsideration of the order in a conversation with his German counterpart last week, chief Pentagon spokesman John Kirby said.
Biden also signed a presidential memorandum Thursday that addresses protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer individuals worldwide. The memorandum, which builds off guidance the Obama administration issued in 2011, directs State Department officials and other federal officials working abroad to ensure that U.S. diplomatic and foreign assistance efforts promote and protect LGBTQ rights.
Biden also announced plans to increase the cap on the number of refugees allowed into the United States to more than eight times the level at which the Trump administration left it. Trump drastically reduced the cap to only 15,000.
Biden’s plan would raise it to 125,000, surpassing the ceiling set by President Barack Obama before he left office by 15,000. Biden, through executive order, also called for rescinding Trump-era rules that resulted in excessive vetting of applicants, expanding capacity for adjudicating applications for refugee applications, and other steps.
Mark Hetfield, president of the Maryland-based refugee resettlement agency HIAS, said the announcement won't lead to overnight changes but applauded Biden's order as a “head to bottom review of the program so that America can once again lead by example on protecting refugees."
Biden, by contrast, chose longtime confidant Antony Blinken to be his secretary of state, aiming to reinvigorate an American diplomatic corps that had been depleted and demoralized under four years of the Trump administration.
He was greeted by employees eager to hear that diplomacy has returned to the top of the presidential agenda and that the expertise of long-serving foreign service officers will be valued.
“I promise I will have your back,” Biden told the department staff. “And I expect you to have the back of the American people."
Although Biden’s first nominations and appointments to senior positions at State have trended heavily toward political appointees, the president and Blinken have pledged to promote career staffers.
To that end, the Biden announced he was appointing a longtime U.S. diplomat for the Middle East, Tim Lenderking, as his special envoy in Yemen. The move comes as Biden is searching for a diplomatic end to the Saudi Arabia-led military campaign that has deepened humanitarian suffering in the Arabian peninsula’s poorest country.
Lenderking, a career foreign service member, has served in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and other countries in the Middle East and elsewhere.
The State Department visit comes after Biden moved on Wednesday to extend the last remaining treaty limiting Russian and American stockpiles of nuclear weapons, acting just two days before the pact was set to expire. It also follows days after a coup in Myanmar that has emerged as an early proving ground of Biden's approach to multilateralism.
A Moscow court on Tuesday ordered Navalny to prison for more than two and a half years, finding that he violated the terms of his probation while recuperating in Germany. Biden again called for Navalny's release.
“Mr. Navalny, like all Russian citizens, is entitled to his rights under the Russian constitution,” Biden said. “He’s been targeted, targeted for exposing corruption. He should be released immediately and without condition.”
__
Associated Press writers Ellen Knickmeyer and Lolita C. Baldor contributed reporting to this article.
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How you perform during a job interview can make or break your chances of receiving an offer. Follow these 10 basic requirements to improve your chances and stand out among the rest of the applicants.
1. Research the Company
During a job search, it's common to research companies within your field. When preparing for a job interview, this research is crucial. Identify key aspects about the firm, the company's mission statement and culture and the products and services provided to help fuel the conversation and impress the hiring manager.
2. Arrive Early
Punctuality communicates professionalism, so plan to arrive 15 minutes ahead of your scheduled time. If you have to wait in the lobby, use this time to gather your thoughts and rehearse job interview questions.
3. Dress Professionally
Research the company's dress code prior to your appointment, and plan to dress accordingly. It's better to be overdressed than underdressed. Avoid wearing bulky accessories or jewelry that may cause you to fidget.
4. Come Prepared With References
Identify individuals within your field and at your former companies who can vouch for your work and ask them for a reference. Bring your list of references to the job interview. If possible, use a professional reference who already works for the firm.
5. Have Your Portfolio Ready
Not only should you have copies of your resume on hand when attending a job interview, you should also have a comprehensive online portfolio prepared. Create a website that looks professional and outlines your qualifications. It is also a good idea to include sample work if you're entering a creative industry.
6. Focus on Your Accomplishments
It's easy to veer off topic during a conversation with a hiring manager but try and get the conversation back on track by focusing on your accomplishments. Prepare a 30-second pitch that outlines awards, credentials and satisfactory results with clients.
7. Detail Why You Want to Work for the Firm
Employers enjoy hearing what you know about the firm, but they also need to know how your skills and qualifications can benefit company operations. Research the common tasks employees complete on a daily basis, and then describe how your specific skills make you the perfect candidate.
8. Know Your Resume
Many times, employers use your resume as a basis for their questions during a job interview. Know the details of your past positions, education and skills inside and out so you can expand beyond the information on the resume you created during your job search.
9. Display Confidence
Even if you are nervous, put a smile on your face and talk about your accomplishments confidently. Use phrases such as "I know" and "I can" versus "I think" when speaking to the interviewer.
10. Monitor Body Language
Your body language speaks volumes, so it's imperative that you make eye contact, offer a firm handshake and smile and nod when listening to what the hiring manager has to say.
With enough preparation, you can nail the job interview and showcase your professionalism by following these 10 steps. Show that you are the best applicant for the job, and let your professionalism guide the meeting.
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Long after an NFL career ended, the mental health toll lingered
By Ken Belson
The New York Times |
Oct 19, 2021 at 9:50 AM
As a lineman for the Miami Dolphins, Jonathan Martin was at the center of a scandal in 2013 that created a national conversation around bullying and mental health in sports. He left the NFL two years later, and has contended with depression and anxiety. He has bounced from job to job and was arrested in 2018 and charged with making a criminal threat for posting to social media a disturbing photograph of a rifle. The charge was dismissed this year after Martin completed a diversion program.
In his first public interview in years, Martin, 32, says that therapy and medication have helped control his depression, anxiety and mood swings, a point he plans to underscore when he speaks Friday at a conference at Boston University focused on chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, a degenerative brain disease linked to repeated head hits.
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Martin said he was working on a documentary about his turbulent NFL career but for now was focused more on his health. This week, he pledged his brain to Concussion Legacy Foundation to further the science of CTE. He believes his 13 years playing football contributed to his struggles, which began long before he was drafted in 2012 out of Stanford.
**EMBARGO: No electronic distribution, Web posting or street sales before TUESDAY 12:01 A.M. ET OCT. 19, 2021. No exceptions for any reasons. EMBARGO set by source.** Jonathan Martin, a former NFL offensive lineman, outside his home in Austin, Texas, Oct. 18, 2021. Martin, who faced bullying in his NFL locker room and depression, will donate his brain to CTE research to determine if head trauma contributed to his mental health woes. (Tamir Kalifa/The New York Times)
Q: When did your troubles with mental health begin?
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A: I definitely in retrospect struggled with mental health as far back as I can remember. I would say that playing in the NFL and afterward was a marked shift, like much more severe depression, anxiety, social anxiety that I really hadn’t felt before, overwhelming panic attacks in work settings.
I know for a fact that I have at least a history of at least a moderate concussion. I never reported any concussions when I was playing. But you can see on an MRI evidence from moderate concussions. So it’s hard to not at least think that there’s some causal effect between playing football for 13 years and an increase in depression.
Q: Before joining the NFL, did you ever seek treatment?
A: There’s a taboo around depression, mental illness. It’s really been in the last year that you’ve had major athletes talk about mental health, like Naomi Osaka or Simone Biles. So I didn’t acknowledge those things. I wasn’t diagnosed with depression until maybe 24 when I was still in the NFL.
When I was playing, no one really talked about mental health. You play through so much as a player; you have this warrior mentality. You have to suffer so much physically, mentally and emotionally to play this game at a high level. When I was playing, there were not services readily available within the team. There is definitely a trust gap in the NFL between players and medical staff. It’s just the nature of the game. So even if you know the therapist isn’t violating HIPAA, the team is aware that you are seeing them with some sort of regularity, does that affect your job status? Who knows? (Editors’ note: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act makes it illegal for a health care provider to share a patient’s medical record without his or her consent.)
The NFL is doing a lot with the mental health and wellness campaign. And the resources for former players have increased with the new CBA (collective bargaining agreement). So there is at least an acknowledgment that this is a thing that current or former players struggle with. I’m glad the conversation shifted. I just wished it would have happened a little faster.
Q: What happened after you left the NFL in 2015?
A: I went back to school to get my degree. I spent the next several years interning at various places in real estate and finance. But it’s been really challenging to build and maintain relationships when you are dealing with a chronic issue like depression or potentially CTE. You tend to be more miserable; that can make it challenging. I would say in the past six years, that’s really been the biggest frustration for me, this inability to build a second career because I’ve tried.
Q: Do you follow football?
A: I still enjoy the game. My relationship overall with football for me was a net positive. It got me into a great school, paid for my education, and I had an opportunity to play professionally, being a high draft pick and the benefits that go along with that. Then obviously there were some consequences and complications while I played. The way I look at it is I played football so hopefully my kids don’t have to.
Q: What was your reaction when you saw Osaka and Biles?
A: It felt pretty powerful to see people at the top of their game and top of their sport making a stand, especially people of color.
I don’t think people fully realize, it’s still just a 22-, 23-, 24-year-old human being showing up to work, and they just happen to be an athletic freak that’s great at what they do.
And they have the same thoughts, feelings and emotions as every fan, that weighs on your psyche a lot.
Q: Why do you believe you may have CTE?
A: I don’t know that I have CTE, but I have my suspicions. I do know that I have traumatic brain injury.
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I think more guys than people realize will admit in private to dealing some of the symptoms of CTE, but few will acknowledge it publicly, partly from the stigma and partly just because they don’t want to deal with the attention. But most guys when you’re playing, you’re kind of aware this is not very good for you. It’s probably not good for your brain.
From that experience of knowing I used my head a whole lot and then my understanding of CTE, the early stages are behavioral, not so much cognitively. I definitely have had some struggles behaviorally that were poor decisions, where I was like, “why the hell did I do that,” and thinking that it could be attributable to other things, years of playing football, tons of severe headaches.
I remember when I was 17, I went to a neurologist because I was having these migraines. They weren’t able to figure out what the problem was. But these migraines were extremely severe, and I kept getting them into my freshman year, but I didn’t tell any of the coaching staff in college because I didn’t want people to think I was soft. I had migraines so bad I could barely see or speak during practice.
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Write a few sentences to tell people about your store (the kind of products you sell, your mission, etc). You can also add images and videos to help tell your story and generate more interest in your shop.
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Dürer was born in the city of Nuremberg on March 21st 1471 to Albrecht and Barbara Dürer as the third child of the two, who would go on to have at least 14, and possibly as many as 18 children. His father, a successful goldsmith, had moved to Nuremberg from Ajtós near Gyula in Hungary in 1455. He changed his surname from the Hungarian Ajtósi to its German translation Türer, meaning doormaker. Due to the local pronunciation, the family name eventually became established as Dürer.
Education and Early training
Albrecht Dürer started an apprenticeship in his father's workshop at the age of 13, but showed such exceptional talent as a draughtsman that aged fifteen he began to be apprenticed under the painter Michael Wolgemut, much to the disappointment of his father at the time. He trained with him for three years from 1486 to 1489.
From 1490 to 1494 he spent time as a journeyman, or traveler, as was custom at the time, in order to expand his knowledge and skills by working with various other artists. In July of 1494 Dürer returned to Nuremberg to marry Agnes Frey, the daughter of a local coppersmith and lute maker. The marriage, which was arranged by Albrecht's parents, was not a particularly happy one, which is evident from letters to his close friend Willibald Pirckheimer where Dürer describes Agnes as an "old crow". The couple remained childless. Nonetheless, Agnes became instrumental in her husband's success, selling his works at market stands and fairs, following him on some of his travels and running his workshop during his absences.
Dürer traveled to northern Italy for the first time in late 1494, where he remained until 1495, finding much inspiration in the local art scene. Upon his return to Nuremberg in the same year, he opened his own workshop.
Mature Period
Dürer's success as a printmaker rapidly spread across Europe, fueled by his popular Apocalypse series of woodcuts from 1498. He was highly aware of his artistic image and authorship, which is evident in his bold monogram signature. As his art became increasingly valuable, Dürer's maker's mark was repeatedly forged, which even led him to file a complaint with the Venetian government against the engraver Marcantonio Raimondi, who had repeatedly copied his works and maker's mark, selling them off as originals. In the end, the court ruled that Raimondi could continue making copies of Dürer's, as long as he didn't reproduce the artist's monogram. The case famously stands as an early dispute in the development of intellectual property law.
Pirckheimer was Dürer's closest friend and advisor. A lawyer and humanist, he sat on the Nuremberg city council and had powerful connections throughout Europe.
Back in Nuremberg, he was made a member of the Great Council in 1509, underlining his social standing as a renowned citizen. Dürer was in close contact with Nuremberg's humanists, among them Pirckheimer, with whom he frequently discussed his work and subject matters, making sure they appealed to his cultured clientele.
Late Period
After 1519 Dürer's health slowly began to decline. His eyesight became poorer and it has been suggested that he suffered from arthritis in his hands. Despite this, he continued to travel, going to the Netherlands in 1520, followed by a trip to Brussels. When he returned to Nuremberg in 1521, he had contracted an unknown illness, possibly malaria, which left him with recurring fevers and greatly reduced his artistic activity. He began a number of larger religious works, which were left incomplete, and created a handful of smaller paintings. His last major work, the Four Apostles (1526), was given to the City of Nuremberg.
In the final years of his life, Dürer became increasingly engaged in scientific topics, publishing treatises for which he also drew and engraved illustrations.
Dürer died in Nuremberg on 6 April 1528 aged 56. His large estate, including his house in Zisselgasse, now a museum, went to his widow. He was buried in the Johannisfriedhof cemetery where his tombstone reads, "What was mortal of Albrecht Dürer lies beneath this mound", a dedication written by his life-long friend Pirckheimer. Hans Baldung, one of Dürer's pupils, was sent a lock of his hair, which is today kept at the Vienna Academy of Arts. A macabre possibility is that some of his admirers are said to have secretly exhumed his body shortly after his death to create plaster casts of his face and hands.
The Legacy of Albrecht Dürer
Albrecht Dürer mastered various artistic media including painting and drawing, but during his lifetime it was as a printmaker that he became most renowned. His reputation spread throughout the continent as his prints were disseminated widely. Promoting his name through this relatively new medium inspired the Italian masters especially, among them Raphael and Titian, who frequently engaged printmakers to create copies of their works. Other followers copied Dürer's originals (Marcantonio Raimondi, Agostino Veneziano) or included elements from his landscapes into their backgrounds (Giulio Campagnola, Benedetto Montagna).
In Northern Europe many of his successors never created works of equal scale, focusing on smaller compositions instead. Only the Dutch master Lucas van Leyden produced larger engravings.
Dürer's pupils in Nuremberg included Hans Schäufelin, Hans Baldung Grien and Hans Süß von Kulmbach, all of whom went on to be renowned painters. In comparison to his prints, Dürer's paintings were less influential during his lifetime, mostly due to the fact that the majority were private commissions and therefore not widely accessible. His output as a painter however became increasingly valued in recent centuries. His works were admired particularly in Germany between 1870 and 1945 as they were seen as the epitome of German artistic accomplishment. After World War Two, the German Democratic Republic took his art as inspiration for Socialist Realism.
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Hate crime is a prejudice-motivated crime that any prosecutor targets a victim or any social group for instance that is exclusively limited to sex, ethnicity, disability, language, physical appearance, or sexual orientation. Certain more actions are Non-criminal and are motivated by this group of bias incidents or social groups.
The criminal acts which are seen to be motivated against one group or the other that is motivated by the bias in the social group that prevails widely. Such, Incidents are, for instance, physical assault, damage property, bullying, harassment, or insults, mate crime, or offensive or hate letters. Any hate crime law is a law based on bias-motivated violence on any social group or an individual. Such laws are distinct from laws against hate speech which enhance the penalties with conduct which is already mentioned criminal and under other laws. Hate crimes are regulated through different types of threats or death.
DEFINITION OF HATE CRIME;
The basic Hate crime is harassment, intimidation, or physical violence that is motivated by a bias against any of the victim considered who is integral to his social identities, such as his race, ethnicity, or religion. Some are called relatively hate-crime laws also which include sexual orientation and mental or physical disability. Nevertheless, in the 21st century, civil rights organizations around the world were applying the term hate crime broadly to describe bias crimes involving various characteristics used to differentiate social groups.
HISTORY OF HATE CRIME
The hate crime was committed against the oppressed members decades ago, which were highly pushed by the biases against each community by making it different and more significant and dangerous than any other crime.
The concept of hate crime came into existence in the late 1970s in the united states but, such crimes even occurred before that, Roman persecution of Christians and the Nazi slaughter of Jews being imminent examples of the same.
When the term “hate crimes” was first used by the OSCE, the Ministerial Council where the member states recognized it and made commitments to make legislations to curb such crimes. Hate Crimes are not like any other crime in India and have a sense of biases attached to the motive which is not there with any other type of crime. Some of the most imminent examples of hate crimes include lynching or assaults on LGBTQ Community.
Nature of Hate Crimes
Hate crime in India has prevailed a sense of bias attached to it in the form of motive which ends up in a criminal act. There is a certain characteristic of hate crime and are as follows;
Hate Crimes is always primarily based, on against the law this is penal and consequently imposes a few forms of punishment. This makes hate crime an offense beneath domestic criminality.
A hate crime is usually, motivated by the biases that later form into hate crime. It is determined that the choice of a sufferer shall be based on prejudice-based totally upon his religion, network, gender, etc.
Hate crimes are an excessive form of discrimination. It is devoted out of a few huge distinction gifts in the network against the alternative which makes the former discriminate the later and in dire circumstance/effects commit crimes against them because of their biases.
In the case of Hate crimes, the target is always an individual or a group of individuals with common nature that are visible and ends up in the differences and biases.
Hate crimes have a varying degree of occurrences which stages from vandalism to bodily abuse and even on occasion homicide. Its gravity is based upon cruelty and brutality which have an effect on society as a whole.
Psychological Effects
Hate crimes may have significant and widening psychological consequences, directly or indirectly to the victim and others as well. In the US the study says lesbians and gays are the main victims of hate crime. In the U.S the study says that lesbian and gay victims have experienced a higher level of psychological distress, including symptoms of depression and anxiety than lesbian and gay victims of comparable crimes which were not motivated by antigay bias.
The list of manual impacts are effects are as follows:-
Impact on the individual victim;
Psychological and affective disturbances; repercussions on the victim’s identity and his vanity; each degree of violence, that’s typically more potent than that of a not unusual crime.
Effect on the targeted group;
In the terror groups which the victim belongs, inspiring feelings of vulnerability among its other members, who could be the next hate crime victims.
Effect on other vulnerable groups
Their consequences are ominous effects on the minority groups or on groups that identify themselves within a specific targeted group, especially when the hate is based on an ideology or a doctrine that preaches against several parts and groups in every sphere.
Effect on the community as a whole
The division arising in response to hate crimes is particularly damaging to multicultural societies in various parts. Such as in victims it can develop depression and psychological trauma. Hence, men’s rea and actus rea plays an important role.
Towards an Anti-Hate Crime Approach
The pivotal need and urge for the government, civil society, and representatives of marginalized groups to get together and work on what the specifics of anti-hate crime measures should look like, including the prohibition of these crimes in law as part of broader policies aimed at remove discrimination.
Firstly, the authorities have to ensure that the law is broad enough to include all different offenses that can be committed with a discriminatory motive, and not limit it only to ‘lynching’, as the law can only address crimes like, assault and murder. The base offenses should therefore also include; harassment, property damage, and importantly, sexual violence, among others.
Secondly, due consideration should be given to how hate crimes would be incorporated into criminal codes. A way is to recognize it as a distinct form of crime. Another could be while considering the discriminatory motivation as an aggravating factor to existing crimes in the present scenario. Dealing such crimes requires an analytical and comprehensive approach where the criminal justice system from the stage of police to prosecuting and judicial authorities is well trained to document these crimes and listen to the victims.
Prominent Statements
“The economy is in dire straits, and there isn’t even an acknowledgment,’’ said Zoya Hasan, a former professor of political science in New Delhi. “They are in complete denial.’’
“The state denies that these crimes are happening,” said Vrinda Grover, a lawyer in the Indian Supreme Court.
Vasudha Gupta, a spokeswoman for the Home Affairs Ministry, concluded that the “anti-national elements” category could be included, but not the others. “Everything is based on fact,” she said. “We do not have opinions.”
“They are suppressing it very blatantly and very shamelessly,” said Roma Malik, a tribal rights activist. “The government is shutting down voices of dissent and shrinking democratic space.”
India has witnessed a sudden rise in the reporting hate crime incidents in contemporary times. Generally, incidents involve violence against an individual or a group, of a particular social group, by mobs, mainly on religious matters, which create turmoil in the overall Social groups and Structure. The crime is motivated by hate that is mainly aimed at sending a message to a particular group of society to create fear and make a statement in any utterance. According to the Organization on Security and Co-Operation in Europe (OSCE), such associated Hate crimes are criminal acts devoted to a bias motive. Also referred to as a “bias-motivated crime” or “bias crime” they may be no longer described as a prison offense however as a concept that takes place while a wrongdoer targets a sufferer of a specific social group.
Conclusion
Considering the existing turmoil in India, cases of hate crimes are on the highest record. There are several instances pronounced daily, that’s is to be alarmed approximately. Considering the urgent need for separate legislation and the strict procedure has been implemented to curb if any further situation arises. Such crime is a discriminatory crime and under no circumstances conducive for our heterogeneous tradition because this makes cohabitation next to not possible. Laws together with “Manav Suraksha Kanoon” are needed to be enforced and strict actions ought to be taken towards violators of hate crime laws. It is observed here that, these crimes are fundamentally different from other types of violent crime, and therefore, should be looked at from a different angle so, that we can curb hate crimes out of our society.
References:
https://www.britannica.com/science/frustration-aggression-hypothesis
http://lawtimesjournal.in/hate-crimes-their-nature-and-laws-connected-with-them/
https://centralnewsnow.com/in-india-release-of-hate-crime-data-depends-on-who-the-haters-are/
https://lawtimesjournal.in/hate-crimes-their-nature-and-laws-connected-with-them/
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Written by Simran Gill
Simran Gill is a final year law student from G.G.S.I.P.U, New Delhi. She is very enthusiastic about research work and writing articles and blogs on topics related to the law field. As it has developed her communication skills and other skills too, that would help her to reach the desired role in persuading her dreams. She has volunteered at NGO, legal research center, and has a keen interest in the field of criminal law, international law.
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Indiana Gov. Eric Holcomb joined state and federal officials at the Indiana National Guard's Camp Atterbury, Tuesday, Nov. 23, 2021 in Edinburgh, Ind, to provide updates on the roughly 4,100 Afghan refugees still waiting at the base to be resettled in the United States. (Casey Smith/Report for America via AP)
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Timeline extended for resettling Afghan refugees in Indiana
Casey Smith Associated Press
Nov 23, 2021
Nov 23, 2021
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Indiana Gov. Eric Holcomb joined state and federal officials at the Indiana National Guard's Camp Atterbury, Tuesday, Nov. 23, 2021 in Edinburgh, Ind, to provide updates on the roughly 4,100 Afghan refugees still waiting at the base to be resettled in the United States. (Casey Smith/Report for America via AP)
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EDINBURGH, Ind. (AP) — Federal officials said Tuesday that they’ve pushed back their timeline to resettle roughly 4,100 Afghan refugees who are still at the Indiana National Guard’s Camp Atterbury training post more than two months after they arrived there.
Limited resettlement agency resources and the coronavirus pandemic have delayed resettlement efforts, Aaron Batt, Department of Homeland Security coordinator for Operation Allies Welcome, said during a news conference. Officials previously said their goal was for refugees to be permanently resettled by early November.
The new goal is for all remaining refugees to receive resettlement assignments by the end of the year, although Batt said the holiday season and winter weather events could push the timeframe back to early 2022.
Camp Atterbury, about 25 miles (40 kilometers) south of Indianapolis, is one of eight sites in the U.S. that the Department of Defense is using for Afghan special immigrant visa applicants, their families, and other Afghan personnel.
Of the 7,200 refugees who have arrived at Camp Atterbury since Sept. 1, about 3,100 have completed their health and safety screenings and left the base. The evacuees must be vaccinated against measles, COVID-19, and other diseases before they can leave the temporary housing site.
So far, about 250 Afghans have resettled in Indiana, Batt said. Indiana was previously projected to take 490, but officials said Tuesday that the state has since committed to accepting 719 refugees. They could be processed at any of the eight temporary housing sites.
No additional evacuees are expected to arrive at the Indiana camp, Batt added.
Exodus Refugee Immigration, an Indianapolis agency, has helped dozens of Afghan families resettle in the state in the last two months, said executive director Cole Varga. While many refugees have been placed in the Indianapolis area, others have or will receive housing assignments in Bloomington, Fort Wayne, Muncie, South Bend, Evansville, Terre Haute, Hammond and elsewhere.
“There’s so much pride and passion ... and a reminder that all of our purpose while we’re here is to help them, to help our neighbors. As far away from where they come from, they’re here at home in Indiana and in this country,” Republican Gov. Eric Holcomb said Tuesday.
Indiana Department of Workforce Development commissioner Fred Payne said the state agency is also helping refugees resettling in Indiana to find jobs. More than 150 employers in Indiana have told the agency that a collective 4,000 job openings and available to refugees, Payne said.
“We’re now doing anything from hosting virtual job fairs and making introductions to training and skilling people up for the specific roles that the employers have available to them,” Payne said. “We’re really trying to ensure that we’re doing every single thing that we can to set the people and their employers up for success.”
Some Afghans have prior education or training already and are being paired with employers based on those skillsets, Payne said. Other refugees are being offered various job training to prepare them for available openings in the state’s workforce.
Varga said Amazon and Walmart have offered “numerous” jobs to some of the refugees being assisted by the resettlement agency.
Officials said an outpouring of donated goods such as food, clothing and toys has been critical to helping the refugees acclimate. Indiana National Guard officials noted that almost 75% of all items that have been donated to the eight temporary housing sites originated from Camp Atterbury.
“That doesn’t just happen. ... That is coming from inside, that is coming from who we are,” Holcomb said of the donations. “
Hoosiers can still donate needed items to the Camp Atterbury refugees through a regional collection system.
Closes-toed shoes in all sizes, men’s pants, bras, bottle brushes and fingernail clippers are the most needed, according to the Indiana Department of Homeland Security. New items in original packaging will be accepted Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the nine Indiana National Guard armories across the state.
___
Casey Smith is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues.
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After homecoming, USS Enterprise to sail off to history’s scrap heap
By: Matt Knight
Posted at 8:07 AM, Nov 04, 2012
and last updated 2012-11-05 19:25:36-05
WASHINGTON (CNN) – The USS Enterprise is the nation’s oldest active duty warship, the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and a history-making symbol of America’s naval might for half a century.
But it’s now headed for the scrap heap.
Virtually all the weapons and ammunition has been off loaded. By the end of the week, it’ll make its final return to its home port of Norfolk, Virginia. On Dec. 1, “The Big E” will be become officially inactive.
Original plank owner of the USS Enterprise get to relive memories on last sail
Photos: Loved ones welcome home sailors from the USS Enterprise Strike Group
Time-lapse video: The USS Enterprise arrives in Mayport, Florida
But one doesn’t just take an aircraft carrier with eight nuclear reactors in its hold and park it somewhere. The Navy will spend three years and tens of millions of dollars removing the ship’s radioactive fuel and reactors before cutting it into scrap.
Mike Maus, a spokesperson for Naval Air Force Atlantic, said the process starts just up the James River.
“Following the inactivation period, it will be towed over to Newport News — to Huntington Ingalls Newport News Shipbuilding — where it will be defueled. They’ll remove all the fuel from it.”
The fuel will be shipped to Idaho for temporary storage, Maus said. “Sometime at a later date, it will be disposed of.”
While in Newport News, some of the Enterprise’s equipment will be removed then the next phase begins.
The carrier, minus planes, ammunition and a propulsion system, heads to Puget Sound, the long way.
“It will be towed around (Cape) Horn to Puget Sound, Washington,” Maus said.
The Enterprise, like America’s other nuclear carriers, is too big to fit through the Panama Canal, so it must round the southern-most point of South America to get to Washington State.
“It’ll be a very lengthy tow,” he said.
Once it reaches the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, the long and difficult task of removing the eight reactors from the Enterprise’s hold begins.
“In order to remove the reactors, it takes a lot of cutting and hacking on the ship to do that,” Maus said. “They do cut through the flight deck and they may very well be cutting through the hull of the ship itself.”
Once the reactors are removed, CVN-65 will be formally decommissioned.
According to a Navy Environmental Impact Statement, the reactors will be put on barges, floated up the Columbia River to the site of the former Hanford nuclear production complex where they will be buried in a huge trench near reactors from smaller decommissioned naval warships.
But unlike the USS Intrepid in New York City or the USS Midway in San Diego, the Enterprise is not destined to become a floating museum.
Removing the reactors essentially destroys the ship.
“Once the reactors are removed, to put the ship back in any shape to where it still resembles a ship the cost would be over the moon,” said Maus.
So the ship, all 90,000 tons of it will be cut up and the metal sold for scrap.
But that doesn’t mean the name Enterprise will fade from U.S. Navy history. There have been seven other warships to bear that name and there is already a petition to name a yet-to-be-built carrier the ninth USS Enterprise.
Copyright 2021 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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An Olympic Village is an accommodation center built for the Olympic Games, usually within an Olympic Park or elsewhere in a host city. Olympic Villages are built to house all participating athletes, as well as officials and athletic trainers. After the Munich Massacre at the 1972 Olympics, the Villages have been made extremely secure. Only athletes, trainers and officials are allowed to room at the Village, though family members and former Olympic athletes are allowed inside with proper checks. Press and media are also barred.
History
The idea of the Olympic Village comes from Pierre de Coubertin. Up until the 1924 Summer Olympic Games, National Olympic Committees rented locations around the host city to house participants, which was expensive. For the 1924 Summer Olympics, the organizers built cabins near the Stade Olympique de Colombes to allow the athletes to easily access the Games' venues. The Olympic Village of the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles served as the model of today's Olympic Villages; it consisted of a group of buildings with rooms to lodge athletes, and buildings with other accommodations.
List of Olympic Villages
Athens 1906: The Zappeion, which was used during Athens 1896 as the main Fencing Hall, was used in 1906 as a (not purpose-built) Olympic Village.[1]
Paris 1924: In Paris in 1924, a number of cabins were built near the stadium to house visiting athletes; the complex was called "Olympic Village".[2]
Los Angeles 1932: The first Olympic Village is constructed in the Baldwin Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. For male athletes only, the Village consisted of several hundred buildings, including post and telegraph offices, an amphitheater, a hospital, a fire department, and a bank. Female athletes were housed at the Chapman Park Hotel on Wilshire Boulevard.[3] The village was dismantled after the games.
Berlin 1936: About 145 one- and two-story apartment buildings, Haus der Nationen refectory, Hindenburghaus theater, a hospital, an indoor arena, a swimming pool and a sauna in Wustermark about 6 mi west of Berlin. Used as barracks for over 50 years, the buildings are partially ruined. A men's residence has been restored under the name "Jesse Owens house".
Helsinki 1952: The first Olympic Village, Olympiakylä, was constructed in the Käpylä district of Helsinki for the planned 1940 Summer Olympics, which were cancelled due to World War II. Another Olympic Village, Kisakylä, was built nearby for the 1952 Olympics. Kisakylä couldn't accommodate all athletes so other villages were also designated for instance in Otaniemi and the Santahamina military base. Both Olympiakylä and Kisakylä areas are listed by Docomomo as significant examples of modern architecture in Finland.[4][5]
Melbourne 1956: The area in Heidelberg West, Victoria, where the athletes stayed is still called "Olympic Village". After the games, athlete residences were used for public housing. The area now consists of a sports center, a primary school, shopping strip, a community health centre which also houses a registered training organization and a legal service.
Rome 1960:consist of 33 buildings with two, three, four and even five floors.
Squaw Valley 1960: Four identical three-story apartment buildings, two of which still stand, modified into condominiums.
Mexico City 1968: 904 apartments distributed in 29 multi-story buildings in the Miguel Hidalgo Olympic Village Complex.
Munich 1972: Multiple buildings of 25, 22, 20, 19, 16, 15, and 12 stories, used now as Olympic Village student housing.
Montreal 1976: Olympic Village (Montreal), Two 23-story pyramid-shaped buildings. Now apartment buildings.
Lake Placid 1980: The village was built as a minimum security federal prison to house first time offenders after the games known as FCI Ray Brook. It is still in use today.
Moscow 1980: Eighteen 16-story buildings.
Sarajevo 1984: Apartment buildings now used as condominiums and tourist facilities.
Los Angeles 1984: The UCLA residents' facilities, CSULA, USC, and UCSB.
Calgary 1988: Presently student accommodations on the campus of the Mount Royal University. The athlete's village consisted of the existing Kananaskis, Rundle, Castle, Norquay and Brewster buildings, as well as the newly constructed Glacier and Olympus buildings.
Seoul 1988: Twenty-one multiple-story buildings.
Albertville 1992: Brides-les-Bains
Barcelona 1992: A new neighbourhood, La Vila Olímpica, was built on reclaimed sea front in Poblenou; it became residential after the Games. Secondary villages were built in Banyoles and La Seu d'Urgell for rowing and white water canoeing athletes respectively.[6]
Lillehammer 1994: The village was built on a west-facing slope just to the north of Lillehammer, and took its form from the old farms of Gudbrandsdal.
Atlanta 1996: Housing was built on the campus of Georgia Institute of Technology, Clark Atlanta University, and Georgia State University. The Olympic village at Georgia State was later bought by Georgia Tech for students' housing. The village on the campus of Clark Atlanta, later became housing for students at CAU.
Nagano 1998: The village is located 7 kilometers southwest of Nagano Station. The total land space is 19 hectares. There are 1032 apartments in 22 buildings, and is capable of accommodating 3,000 people. Another Village was in Karuizawa, the site for the newly entered Olympic sport of curling. Karuizawa is about 70 kilometers southeast of Nagano City. 120 people from 9 countries stayed at the Karuizawa Skate Center Hotel during the Winter Games.
Sydney 2000: A new suburb, Newington, which became residential following the Games.
Salt Lake City 2002: Housing from the University of Utah and Fort Douglas (located on the campus).
Athens 2004: A new suburb composed of four- to five-story apartments in the Parnitha area located in northeast Athens adjacent to Maroussi, the suburb where the main Olympic complex, OAKA, is located. The Athens Olympic Village also became a residential area following the Games. Today, the village with a capacity of approximately 10,000 people is in use.
Turin 2006: The Olympic Village was located in the city of Turin and in the towns of Bardonecchia and Sestriere.
Beijing 2008: Beijing Olympic Village Twenty-two 6-story buildings and twenty 9-story buildings (for Beijing Venue); Royal Park Hotel (for Hong Kong venue).
Vancouver 2010: Vancouver Olympic Village and Whistler Olympic and Paralympic Village
Singapore 2010 (Youth): Campus of the Nanyang Technological University
London 2012: A new district of London called East Village
Sochi 2014: Coastal Olympic Village and Mountain Olympic Village
Rio de Janeiro 2016: Located in Barra da Tijuca, close to City of Sports Complex.
Lillehammer 2016 (Youth): Two villages, one in Lillehammer (Birkebeineren Hotel & Apartments plus new residential buildings) and one in Hamar (the 239-room Hotel Scandic Hamar).
Pyeongchang 2018:
Buenos Aires 2018 (Youth): Youth Olympic Village (Buenos Aires), 1440 new apartments on seven-story buildings in the district of Villa Soldati, within the limits of the City Park.
Lausanne 2020 (Youth): The Youth Olympic Village (Lausanne), 952 rooms, 9 floors.
Tokyo 2020:
Beijing 2022:
Paris 2024:
Milan-Cortina 2026:
Los Angeles 2028: UCLA Campus
References
"The Zappeion Exhibition Hall over time". The Zappeion Megaron Hall of Athens. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
"Olympic Village (village, Olympic Games) - Encyclopædia Britannica". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2014-02-17.
1932 Los Angeles Olympic Athlete's Village in the Baldwin Hills, Accessed November 12, 2007.
"Olympiakylä – Olympic village". Docomomo Suomi Finland ry. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
"Kisakylä – Olympic 1952 Village". Docomomo Suomi Finland ry. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
"Barcelona 1992 Official Report" (PDF).
External links
Media related to Olympic villages at Wikimedia Commons
Olympic venues
Olympic Stadium
Olympic Park
Olympic Village
Summer Games
Alphabetical
1–9 – A
B
C
D–E
F–G
H–I
J–K
L
M–N
O
P
Q–R
S
T–V
W–Z
Sport
Archery
Athletics
Badminton
Basketball
Boxing
Canoeing
Cycling
Diving
Equestrian
Fencing
Field hockey
Football
Golf
Gymnastics
Handball
Judo
Modern pentathlon
Rowing
Rugby
Sailing
Shooting
Swimming
Synchronized swimming
Table tennis
Taekwondo
Tennis
Triathlon
Volleyball
Water polo
Weightlifting
Wrestling
Demonstration events
Discontinued events
Years
1896
1900
1904
1908
1912
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
2028
Winter Games
Alphabetical
1–9 – B
C–G
H–K
L
M
N–R
S
T–Z
Sport
Alpine skiing
Biathlon
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Curling
Figure skating
Freestyle skiing
Ice hockey
Luge
Nordic combined
Short track speed skating
Skeleton
Ski jumping
Snowboarding
Speed skating
Demonstration events
Years
1924
1928
1932
1936
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2026
See also
Category
Olympics
Authority control
GND: 4343363-7
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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0.999094 |
What Looks Like the Most Powerful Bitcoin Wallet Ever Made Is Offering Leverage To Buy/Sell Forex, Bonds, Stocks & Commodities
For those that follow Zerohedge or Reggie Middleton, his startup has released a pure bitcoin, P2P trading wallet that offers up to 10,000x price leverage or over 45,000 tickers in all asset classes from global exchanges. It's fascinating stuff. I'm playing with it now, and yes - it works. See this research piece he put up on ZeroHedge where he challenges the word of the Danish central bank then shows how his bitcoin wallet (UltraCoin, I know, not the best name) is used to speculate on their breaking their euro peg like the Swiss did (which wreaked the markets). http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2015-02-11/its-all-out-war-pt-3-danish-krone-peg-euro-more-fragile-glass-beads-danish-national-
Definitely not light reading, but fascinating stuff. This dudes a genius. There's not a lot of traffic on it yet, but I think this will be pretty big. Download it here http://www.ultra-coin.com/index.php/download-now
It has a demo mode (that seems like it uses testnet), a live currency mode and a handy spreadsheet that you can use to model your trades before you commit capital to them. I'd be interested in doing small to medium trades (.1 to .2 BTC each) using 100x leverage with members of the community.
submitted by elijah5692 to Bitcoin [link] [comments]
@FTMarkets: Forex, bond yields steady ahead of BoJ decision https://t.co/TruuwAkAdl
submitted by -en- to newsbotMARKET [link] [comments]
@ftchina: Forex, bond yields steady ahead of BoJ decision https://t.co/ySE0IzIsp9
submitted by -en- to newsbotMARKET [link] [comments]
@FT: Forex, bond yields steady ahead of BoJ decision https://t.co/2tjLg8Ks0b
submitted by -en- to newsbotbot [link] [comments]
@fastFT: Forex, bond yields steady ahead of BoJ decision https://t.co/tddpI5xWtb
submitted by -en- to newsbotMARKET [link] [comments]
@FT: Forex, bond yields steady ahead of BoJ decision https://t.co/2tjLg8Ks0b
submitted by -en- to newsbotMARKET [link] [comments]
What Looks Like the Most Powerful Bitcoin Wallet Ever Made Is Offering Leverage To Buy/Sell Forex, Bonds, Stocks & Commodities
I'm copying this post over here at the recommendation of the commenters on the main bitcoin reddit. I did not write the original post, but I participated heavily in the ensuing discussion and am open and willing to answer all (realistic) questions here as well. I can even bring in my analysts and tech team for an AMA if you wish. Enjoy, and trade well, my friends! .......... For those that follow Zerohedge or Reggie Middleton, his startup has released a pure bitcoin, P2P trading wallet that offers up to 10,000x price leverage or over 45,000 tickers in all asset classes from global exchanges. It's fascinating stuff. I'm playing with it now, and yes - it works. See this research piece he put up on ZeroHedge where he challenges the word of the Danish central bank then shows how his bitcoin wallet (UltraCoin, I know, not the best name) is used to speculate on their breaking their euro peg like the Swiss did (which wreaked the markets). http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2015-02-11/its-all-out-war-pt-3-danish-krone-peg-euro-more-fragile-glass-beads-danish-national- Definitely not light reading, but fascinating stuff. This dudes a genius. There's not a lot of traffic on it yet, but I think this will be pretty big. Download it here http://www.ultra-coin.com/index.php/download-now It has a demo mode (that seems like it uses testnet), a live currency mode and a handy spreadsheet that you can use to model your trades before you commit capital to them. I'd be interested in doing small to medium trades (.1 to .2 BTC each) using 100x leverage with members of the community.
submitted by Reggie-Middleton to BitcoinMarkets [link] [comments]
How much do I need to invest on stocks, forex, bonds to get a consistent $10(ten dollars) return each month?
submitted by sottstocks to AskReddit [link] [comments]
In addition to stocks, you can also make posts about forex, bonds, mutual funds, ETFs, portfolio management, derivatives, real estate investing, precious metals- anything related to investment education. It's worthwhile to learn about different asset classes as a potential diversification tool.
submitted by tradingeducation to InvestmentEducation [link] [comments]
Hourly News Update
🤖 Mean Polarity = 0.14 | Mean Subjectivity = 0.26
SPX 3329.25| NASDAQ 11200.75| DOW 27170.0| OIL 44.94
Yum China Targets September for Hong Kong Listing, BBG
Silver Loses Shine in Top Buyer as Prices Rocket to Record High, BBG
Traders Gird for More Market Swings After Trump’s WeChat Ban, BBG
The luxury sector has been hit hard by the virus. And what consumers value has changed, CNBC
World shares tumble after Trump takes aim at China tech firms, Reuters
Picking pennies: Dollar slump lifts U.S. bond returns for foreigners, Reuters
Facebook’s dilemma: How to police claims about unproven COVID-19 vaccines, Reuters
Cash-short U.S. biofuel industry cuts lobbying even as Iowa looms large in election, Reuters
China Imports Second-Highest Ever Amount of Soybeans in July, BBG
Traders Prepare for More Swings From Rising U.S.-China Tensions, BBG
Most Indian Stocks Gain as Sensex Heads Toward Weekly Advance, BBG
submitted by TradeFlags to tradeflags [link] [comments]
Gold, oil, economics & the unpredictable markets
GOLD - Trading environment:
Gold prices dipped back below $1600 per ounce in London trade Tuesday, retreating $100 per ounce from early March’s new 7-year highs, as world stock markets struggled to extend their week-long rally in the face of awful economic data and forecasts as the spread of coronavirus accelerated.
Shanghai gold prices today fell nearly $18 per ounce below comparable London quotes, showing a discount to the world’s central trading and storage hub for all but 3 days this March.
OIL - Trading environment:
The contango for Brent between May and November has widened to a record $13.45 per barrel, a reflection of the massive short-term glut.
The oil market supply chains are broken due to the unbelievably large losses in oil demand, forcing all available alternatives of supply chain adjustments to take place during April and May.
ECONOMICS - Where we are heading at:
US GDP contracting by 9% in Q1 and 34% in Q2 in annualized terms.
Jobless rate reaching 15% by July - the highest level of unemployment of the Great Depression in 1939.
US unemployment could reach over 32% by mid-year according to back-of-an-envelope estimates in a new blog post from the St.Louis Federal Reserve, with more than 47 million lay-offs between April and June.
TAKEAWAYS FOR INVESTORS - What happens next?
This is definitely a very volatile trading environment. It is hard for individual investors to position themselves. I ’ve started to feel that a diversified allocation in different trading strategies is much safer than trying to time the market or implement the strategies on my own.Until now I used to invest through Interactive Brokes (for options, futures, Forex, bonds, and funds) and Vanguard for some ETFs. I ’ve now found Daedalus platform, which seems to be having a good combo of alternative strategies. It actually has Hedge Funds, but with very low tickets, which helps me a lot.Any ideas of other trading strategies or platforms that offer them?
submitted by RichardDavis189 to investing [link] [comments]
Leading European stock brokers in 2020 for a digital nomad ?
As title suggests I'm a DN travelling thru Europe, often changing country of residence. Having made some extra cash thru crypto trading last year, I would like to invest my gains using a reputable stock broker website (based in the European Union). I plan to dablle in forex, bonds, stock markets, and commodities (maybe also some CFDs).
Coming from crypto, I'm very cautious before sending money to any service - your broker recommendations are highly appreciated.
submitted by DommyCrypto to eupersonalfinance [link] [comments]
Forex Trading, Stock, Bonds, Commodities,
submitted by AieFx to u/AieFx [link] [comments]
S. Korea sells bonds worth US$625 mln, 700 mln euros for forex stabilization
submitted by readerseven to economy [link] [comments]
A Day in the Life of a Stock Trader - Blog | Horizon Institute
Section 1 – What does a stock trader actually do
The life of a trader is often glamorised by films such as The Wolf of Wallstreet and Margin Call – a view that is shared by many who have no direct experience with the wider investment industry. It is also true that different types of traders have very different workloads. Trading emerging markets is not the same as trading FTSE stocks or the forex markets.
Let’s start by defining what traders, broadly speaking actually are:
“Professionals in finance who buy and/or sell assets on the financial markets.”
A day in the life of a trader: Behind the scenes
These are people who usually have a background in finance, either through traditional education (think degrees in finance, accounting, economics, investment management etc) or through practical experience at companies working within financial services.
This is to say that the day-to-day activities of a trader is to either buy assets (such as stocks, futures, commodities) or to sell assets (such as stocks, forex, bonds). Two distinct roles in trading can be summed up in the Buy side, and the Sell side in terms of execution.
A broader categorisation would include participants within the financial markets who trade securities. This encompasses independent traders working from home to large multinational financial institutions which see billions of dollars a day flow from and to their order books.
The Buy Side
The Buy side is concerned with purchasing assets, and this generally involves taking orders from management or clients and then sending those orders to the broker to be executed. This role is being gradually replaced by technology, specifically automation and AI, and its hard to see a future for buy side traders 20 years from now. There is also a distinctly bad reputation associated with buy side traders, these are often just messengers, and have been known to treat brokers with incredible hostility and bitterness over recent years.
The Sell Side
Alternatively, the Sell side is just the opposite – these traders are only concerned with selling positions either the firm or the firms clients holds. Again technology is eliminating this role over time, and today both buy and sell side traders simply take message, and pass it along either electronically through an online platform or via telephone for the perhaps more traditional establishments.
Private Hedge fund managers
Many successful traders have gone on to start hedge funds with private companies and from private investors. This is a highly privileged position to be in, as hedge fund managers are in control of both the broad strategy for the investments and receives the greatest compensation should the strategy be profitable.
Private Portfolio Managers
Portfolio managers working at a private company (such as a large hedge fund) is again a much sought after position. Portfolio managers generally create a positive or negative selection portfolio, which allows them to implement their own strategy to make the best returns with the lease risk – although these parameters are often set outside the control of the individual portfolio manager. The same also exists within commercial banking, but it is usually more focused on creating a very balanced portfolio that exists to hedge risk as opposed to making real returns.
Analysts
Analysts do the number crunching and quantitative prep work for the portfolio or hedge fund managers. This role involves applied finance and taking a close look at various assets fundamentals. This includes the balance sheet, income statement and cashflow statement for analysts looking at stocks. This is usually a relatively junior role, and those who are successful here tend to become traders, portfolio managers and eventually hedge fund managers over the course of a successful career.
Investment Banking
There are still plenty of traders left at investment banks, despite the decline over the last few decades. As much as 90% of the time is spent dealing with clients such as Hedge and Pension Funds.
Investment Bank Traders
As much as 90% of the time is spent dealing with clients such as Hedge and Pension Funds.
The trader is then Making Markets in Assets the clients want to buy/sell, such as stocks, currencies, commodities and bonds.
The other 10% of time is Proprietary trading, utilising the banks large balance sheet to create a positive selection portfolio.
Market Makers (Agency)
Market making is the primary task of an investment trader (~80% of market making business)
Split into two sections:
Agency Business – Client holds risk
Risk business – Investment Bank holds risk
Investment Bank charges commission on these activities at a typical rate of 5 basis points or 0.05%
Example – Buy £10,000,000 of BP stock at £100 per share = 100,000 BP shares.
Commission for bank - £10,000,000 X 0.005 = £5,000
Risk free for bank – algorithm executes trades based on client orders
In terms of basis points, 100 = 1%
Proprietary Trading
This type of trading can happen in two ways, the first where small investors at home use their own capital to trade for a direct gain or commercially where a firm uses its own capital to make trades to be the prime beneficially of the rewards should the trade go well. This is in contrast to how hedge funds would normally just earn a commission, by also utilising internal capital the firm is able to take larger risks, which tend to come with the larger rewards.
Here’s another interesting fact:
“Only 6% of candidates end up making it as a professional trader” (Business Insider, 2011)
This statement alone shows just how competitive the industry is, and to make a successful career is even harder, with only ~5% of traders ever making it to a managerial level.
A day in the life of a trader: Behind the scenes
Section 2 – How does 8 hours day break down?
6:00 AM
Traders usually start the day at 6.30 AM and start to catch up on news that broke overnight that may A) affect current positions or B) provide opportunities for new positions. These changes are digested, and areas of special interest are noted for further analysis later.
7:00 AM
Arrive at trading floor at 7:30, 30 minutes before markets open. This is the time where traders prepare themselves for the day. It also serves as an opportunity to talk to colleagues. For most hedge funds and other long-term traders, team meetings will happen in the morning to ensure all traders are up to speed and playing from the same game plan.
8:00 AM
Markets open: based on overnight news there may be buying / selling activity to adjust the traders portfolio based on the latest information. Many traders prefer not to trade at the market open due to higher volatility as traders from around the world react to overnight news.
9:00 AM
A common task around 9:00 AM would be to scan the market for short term opportunities, or to catch up on fundamental company analysis of companies in the watch list.
10:00 AM
Continuation of analysis or opportunity seeking based on the traders own intuition, experience and judgement. This is also prime time for internal meetings with the team and meetings with clients, potential clients etc.
11:00 AM
Here we see lower volume and volatility, and so short-term opportunities diminish, traders are thinking about lunch at this point. Finishing up financial models and analysis done in the morning. Another prime time for meetings with the team and clients.
12:00 PM
Most long-term traders take lunch, some short-term traders will stay at the desk as timing can be critical to a successful day.
1:00 PM
As investment banks and other major institutions return from lunch volatility in the markets increases and short-term traders get back to work. Long-term traders generally get back to analysis, risk management or strategy functions with only a cursory interest in the current market prices and volatility.
2:00 PM
Day traders will spend this time monitoring positions and executing trades as necessary. Long-term traders use this period in a variety of ways, as mentioned above.
3:00 PM
Short-term traders now think about closing existing positions and stop looking for new opportunities. This is also where the administrative functions of cancelling unfilled orders, or for long term traders, finalising analysis of the day and presenting it to stakeholders. This is the last chance to exit positions for the trading day.
4:00 PM
The markets are now closed. Traders often look back at the day, seeing what went well (and what didn’t). Management will often check in and with-it bureaucracy and paperwork.
5:00 PM
Time to leave the office and go home. The advent of mobile internet means most traders are now reading the latest financial news, following commentary and thinking about the strategy for tomorrow.
6:00 PM
If all went well arrive home, if not then its likely the trader will still be at the office working to meet the deadline of the day, from financial models to briefing management and clients.
7:00 PM
Outside of the general workday, traders will spend much of the evening doing research and analysis – everything from learning about the markets to experimenting with financial models to taking an advanced excel course.
Section 3 – Why you might want to be a stock trader
We meet a lot of traders, its what we do – and here are a few of the top reasons traders we spoke to continue to do what they do.
Love the Game
Many traders are extremely fond of the game that is the financial markets. Day traders talk about the rush as fast-paced action that runs from 8am to 4pm 5 days a week. The same holds true for long-term traders, and while lacking the constant adrenaline of day trading the highs of closing a trade that’s been on-going for months is just as great a feeling – the analogy one trader used was whereas day traders get Christmas every day, long-term traders get all of their Christmases at once, 4-5 times a year.
Financial Freedom
This is not just about the ability to make a living from trading and the financial markets, but from having the knowledge and understanding of the world of finance to make sound financial decisions, whether that be in deciding between a fixed or variable mortgage, or the best ways to allocate capital to save for school fees.
Intellectual Challenge
There is undoubtedly both an intellectual and an emotional challenge in trading successfully. While it is said that day traders trade emotion, long term portfolio managers trade on intellect and sound financial decision making.
Style & Expression
Traders all trade differently, from value investors to crypto speculators each trader develops a style and method of trading that fits their way of life and the perception they have of the world around them. If you are emotional in-tune with the wider world, then day trading can be exceptionally profitable. The same holds true for value investors like Warren Buffet, a trader who enjoys digesting and analysing reams of company reports to find what Buffet calls “Great companies at fair prices”.
This post has hopefully given you an understanding of the typical day in the life of a trader. If you feel your ready to take the next step towards a career in trading and finance, Horizon provides a comprehensive introductory course on Investing for Beginners.
https://blog.hioim.com/post/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-stock-trade
submitted by hioim to StockMarket [link] [comments]
Non-FUD view of the recession and why its coming.
Naturally media is spreading fear on the common bagholder that a recession is coming tomorrow and you should run for your life, fast.
However, the process of an recession is slow but there is for a fact a high probability that in the coming 24 months there will be a recession
Market up or down shouldnt matter because its all about opportunity to make money right. If not, start saving for the next 2 years and buy low.
So to spark a conversation, how are you preparing for a (POTENTIAL) recession and when the time comes, what is your game plan?
Option trading? Safe bets like gold/wallmart/booze etc? Storing in currencies? Forex? Bonds?
btw
If the FOMC believes the economy is growing too fast and inflation pressures are inconsistent with the dual mandate of the Federal Reserve, the Committee may set a higher federal funds rate target to temper economic activity. In the opposing scenario, the FOMC may set a lower federal funds rate target to spur greater economic activity.
The federal funds rate is the central interest rate in the U.S. financial market. It influences other interest rates such as the prime rate, which is the rate banks charge their customers with higher credit ratings. Additionally, the federal funds rate indirectly influences longer- term interest rates such as mortgages, loans, and savings, all of which are very important to consumer wealth and confidence.(2)
submitted by pabbseven to stocks [link] [comments]
What trading instruments will be available at launch?
I know crypto of course, but what about stocks, forex, bonds, mutual funds, etc.? Are these available at launch?
submitted by ItsWorkinggg to genesisvision [link] [comments]
A question about Quantmod (financial analysis)
Hello, for a while now I’ve been trying to work out how to generate the maximum and minimum price of an asset (stock, forex, bond etc) for each year over a 10 year period but can’t seem to figure out how to do it. How do i get the highest High and lowest Low for Apple in 2008 for example (as well as other years between the. and now). Any help would be appreciated. Thank you.
submitted by Type_ya_name_here to RStudio [link] [comments]
Tổng Hộp Tin Tức Chứng Khoán Mỹ - Forex - Bond - Ngày 8 Tháng 6
submitted by phamtuyetxaub to u/phamtuyetxaub [link] [comments]
http://twitter.com/forex_in_world/status/1275072097488789505Weekly Trading Plans: EUR/USD – NZD/USD – SPX500 and BOND [Video] https://t.co/w6syE1FhhC— FOREX IN WORLD (@forex_in_world) June 22, 2020
submitted by Red-its to forextweet [link] [comments]
Trade While You Golf - Make Money On Stocks - Forex - Derivatives - Bonds - ETFs And Other Financial Markets
submitted by stefanmanuel to u/stefanmanuel [link] [comments]
Tổng Hộp Tin Tức Chứng Trước Giờ mở cửa nước Mỹ - Forex - Bond - Ngày ...
submitted by minhyhi to u/minhyhi [link] [comments]
Bond Spreads, Interest Rate Differentials and the Forex Carry Trade Government bond trading and Treasury bond rates can play a significant role in the foreign exchange market. With increased access to international markets, and when bond yield and interest rate differentials are elevated, hedge fund managers remain open to investing in ... Legal: Bond Forexx Limited is incorporated in St. Vincent & the Grenadines as a Business Company with the registration number 25466 BC 2019. The objects of the Company are all subject matters not forbidden by International Business Companies (Amendment and Consolidation) Act, Chapter 149 of the Revised Laws of Saint Vincent and Grenadines, 2009, in particular but not exclusively all commercial ... Dollar off two-month peak, yuan gains on bond benchmark inclusion By Reuters - Sep 24, 2020. By Hideyuki Sano TOKYO (Reuters) - The U.S. dollar dipped from a two-month peak early on Friday as ... FOREX.com is a registered FCM and RFED with the CFTC and member of the National Futures Association (NFA # 0339826). Forex trading involves significant risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. Full Disclosure. Spot Gold and Silver contracts are not subject to regulation under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act. A bond swap is simply selling one bond and immediately using the proceeds to buy another. How it works. You decide to sell a bond at a loss and use the proceeds to buy a better-performing bond. You can write off the losses on the sale but potentially get a better return on the purchase. The advantages. Can reduce your tax liability.
[index] [2723] [1976] [444] [2916] [2640] [2073] [3207] [3642] [14] [5488]
Investing Basics: Forex - YouTube
Bonds explained - Buying and selling bonds on the secondary market - Duration: ... (THE Top Strategy for Forex Trading) - Duration: 32:00. No Nonsense Forex 1,596,779 views. Bloomberg Forex Masterclass: How to trade Bonds with an online broker - Brought to you by specialist forex broker FxPro. https://www.fxpro.com. Subscribe: http://bit.ly/SubscribeTDAmeritrade Every day, trillions of dollars are traded on the forex market, which influences other asset classes. To get a... Bond prices are affected by several factors but some of the most powerful are investor tolerance for risk and inflation. This is helpful information for us f... The forex is a great place to trade and offers a lot of opportunity for profits. Intermarket analysis can amplify these benefits for forex traders by increasing the frequency of trading ...
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0.961194 |
Content extraction is one of the recently documented UI redressing vectors. It exploits Firefox vulnerability that allows to display any URL HTML source in an iframe like this:
<iframe src="view-source:http://any-page-you.like/cookies-included">
With social engineering attacker tricks user into selecting (usually invisible) page source and dragging it to attackers' controlled textarea. A simple demo is here:
Drag & drop other page source (cross-domain)
Once attacker gets the page source dropped into his textarea, he may begin to extract contents (like session IDs, user names, anti csrf tokens etc.) and launch further attacks.
However, this way of using the vector requires significant effort from a user and is pretty difficult to exploit in real world situation (there's some clicking and dragging involved). Also, it will stop working once Mozilla disallows cross origin drag & dropping.
I've found a neat way to do cross-origin content extraction that might be more suitable for some classes of websites. Ladies and gentleman, let me present Fake Captcha:
No more drag
The weak point of the 'classic' method for me was the dragging that was involved. In Firefox, once you drag something, it displays a shadow of the object at the cursor - and a whole HTML source being displayed for the user is really hard to hide. I decided to convince the user to copy & paste the source with his clipboard instead.
Copying & pasting requires four steps:
selecting the text to copy
ctrl-c
navigating to target element
ctrl-v
Each of these steps requires user intervention. I could make a game/quiz that requires certain keypresses, but that's weak (although it works for Facebook users). Instead, I wanted it to feel natural for the user. Nothing is hidden and he just uses the clipboard because he wants to.
So, when do you use a clipboard?
Well, I don't like typing. So everytime I'm forced to repeat my e-mail address in a form, I just copypaste it. I decided to go that way. What if we display longish captcha-like 'security code' for a user to retype? 16 characters or more? Some of them will skip this step altogether, some will retype, but most will select the text and copy/paste.
How do you select?
You can select with your mouse. In Firefox, you can also select by double / tripple clicking. My assumption is that most of the users use the clicking method to select text.
Double click stops at word boundary, third click expands to whole paragraph (try this text). In the above example, you need three clicks to select the whole visible code. Why do we care?
I'm framed!
Because the security code input field is just precisely positioned part of the view-source:d victim page. And by tripple clicking user selects the whole line from the page source!
Demo
It's best to see the demo to understand what's going on. We want to extract the anti-CSRF token from the victim page cross domain. The token is in the page source, line 7:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>NDCP</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var csrf_token = '35fb6df6-2ab9-408b-abe3-769412a58e15';
</script>
<style>
body {
background: url(nuke.jpg) left top repeat;
color: white;
font-family: Verdana, arial, sans-serif;
}
// and so on
So we display the source in a small frame, position it to only display a few characters, starting from line 7, column 19. Then we convince the user to select the whole line with tripple click - double click will stop at minus sign, so the user will probably do the third click to select all.
After selecting he copies, clicks the next field and pastes. Then we're done.
Details matter
See the source to appreciate all the small, but very important details, especially:
how to measure the font size used in view-source:
what was view-source:view-source: used for
how to position an iframe to line / column of HTML source
how the input and frame was styled to look similar
How not to get owned?
web developers - use X-Frame-Options header (js framebusting won't work here). Remember, once you allow your site to be framed, you're opening to a whole class of UI redressing attacks, most of the attacks are not even discovered yet, it's a new field of research. So if you don't use X-Frame-Options, better have a really good explanation.
users - don't use Firefox or look carefully on what you do use NoScript
Summary
There's a new 'fake captcha' method of using the content extraction UI redressing vector.
Pros:
does not require drag & dropping
accounts for font-size differences
more convincing for a user
Cons:
won't work if user uses mouse to select text (unless attacker is interested in only the visible part)
requires a captcha like string in victim HTML source
it's line / column position must be constant and known to attacker
only one line of HTML source might be copied (but websites' HTML is often minimized to a single line)
You might find the requirements very limiting. I also thought that's simply impossible to exploit in real life. Until I started looking - wait for the next post :)
Update: Latest NoScript (2.1.2+) contains code neutralizing fake captcha method. Yeat another great work of Giorgio Maone!
Update 2: Fake CAPTCHA technique spotted in the wild to extract Facebook CSRF tokens.
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at 5:53 PM
Labels: captcha, clickjack, clickjacking, iframe, ui
8 comments:
Nafeez Ahamed said...
This is a brilliant post ! Paved way for many different attacks ! Kudos to Koto
August 18, 2011 at 4:04 PM
sucipto said...
I have learn some good stuff here. Definitely price bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how a lot attempt you set to create any such great informative website.
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September 20, 2012 at 3:08 PM
Hassan Shah said...
Hey, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, great blog!
Contetn Marketing
October 24, 2012 at 2:11 PM
satish b said...
Brilliant work.
When I tried to read the token from 63rd line, it does not work. What could be the reason for that limitation ?
March 23, 2013 at 12:45 PM
satish b said...
The problem is fixed after modifying the iframe height value in the outer.html. Thanks.
April 7, 2013 at 10:54 AM
Chelsea said...
I was browsing Google chrome trying to figure out how I can pull up the incognito history on my Motorola X smart phone.. Someone recently used my phone without my permission unfortunately and lied about it, and now it's running really slow.. Any advice or step by step laymen's terms on how to pull it up? Would really appreciate it :-)
October 21, 2014 at 1:59 PM
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September 28, 2017 at 4:04 PM
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November 14, 2017 at 9:56 AM
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0.961832 |
Marshall Jefferson - Adonis - Tyree - Todd Terry - Mike Dunn - Fast Eddie - Nitro Deluxe - Joe Smooth - Farley Jackmaster Funk - Frankie Knuckles - Steve Silk Hurley - Royal House .....
House music.... when first hit the shelves was left in the background for specialist DJs to play on late night radio shows. Legend has it... house music was a total error in the studios with the simple 4 bass drums per bar....
The first label to experiment with house music was Westside Records, which released a whole of host of compilation albums called acid house. The first pioneers of the 909 Roland drum machine all featured on those albums. They include Marshall Jefferson, a house music legend and one of the inventors of that sound. House music was founded in Chicago and urban labels such as Westside Records licensed those tracks to the UK for distribution.
Adonis, another founder and legend in his own right released several house tracks, most at that time only avaiable on a compilation labels, around the early to mid 80s.
House music still had not reached a mainstream point just yet and other artist such as Mike Dunn, Tyree, Fast Eddie, Todd Terry, Joe Smooth started appearing on the compilation albums.
Towards the late 80s house music had reached the next level, with Nitro Deluxe releasing This Brutal House, which reached the national charts. He was by no means the first, but the track was released several times before reaching the nationals. Soon followed Royal House with Yeah Buddy, released on Champion Records based in Harlesden, North West London, licensed from Idler Records in the USA. Royal House also had to re-release the track several times before scoring big. The track samples Trouble Funk, a GOGo Band (The name for Hip Hop in the 70s, which used live instruments instead of break beats over rap like vocals.)
Todd Terry (Produced Royal House, tended to use different names) soon came along, combining house music with break beats, which was very different for its time, and very effective in a club atmosphere, releasing Bongo (To The Bat Mobile, lets go)(Sleeping Bag Records), which sampled the original batman of the 60s. This was not his first big hit but his biggest to date, which also sampled Apache by The Incredible Bongo Band. In fact the whole album is full of samples and breaks from the 60s.
Towards the early 90s house music started to mix with hip hop, Artist such as Fast Eddie and Tyree refered to the combination of house music and hip hop as being HIP HOUSE. Which referes to house productions with hip hop rap vocals. Tyree reached the national charts with a hip house track which sampled Lyn Collins - Think. Fast Eddie combined his house music production skills with an MC called Sundance and soon they reached the national charts.
The Jungle Brothers saw a law suit following them when they used Royal House as their backing track for Ill House You, which proved to be successful in court, and were ordered to remove the backing track, so their UK label GEE ST Records released a remix which took the original versions place and can be found on their debut album called Straight out the Jungle.
Joe Smooth took things astep further, he combined RnB with house and released a track called Promised land, in my opion his best to date. Using 909 house type backing track with piano leads over soulful vocals.
Farley Jack Master Funk also scored big releasing several house hits.
In the UK, A Guy Called Gerald scored big with Voodoo Ray and as did Humanoid with Stakker Humanoid (Streewave Records Ealing) Humanoid later changing his name to The Future Sound Of London.
Frankie Knuckles released several Joe Smooth type of house music recordings with soulful vocals laid over house beats (Which later became known as Garage music).
Also in the early 90s saw the Italian House sound gaining strength with Capella and Sueno Latino both scoring highly....
Today house music has several different branches, which Im sure your familiar with....
Date Added : 2009-08-20 12:52:50
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0.932324 |
University of Phoenix Material Week Five Programmatic Assessment Scenario Abby is a 20-year-old female college student. For at least the last 3 months, Abby has experienced ongoing anxiety and worry without a specific cause for these feelings. She has been restless and has noticed that her muscles feel tense and that these symptoms are beginning to affect her behavior in a way that is causing her to become distressed and that is preventing her from being able to complete her normal tasks. Abby correctly believed that it was normal to feel a little anxious sometimes; however, as the semester has progressed, she has not begun to feel significantly more comfortable. On the recommendation of a friend, Abby visited the university’s counseling center and talked to Dr. Smith. Dr. Smith was warm and welcoming and, after discussing the limits of confidentiality with Abby and obtaining informed consent, encouraged Abby to describe her concerns. Dr. Smith listened attentively and asked Abby a few questions. They both agreed on an appointment date and time for the next week. Dr. Smith gave Abby a homework assignment to keep a written log of the negative thoughts or assumptions she has during the week and the circumstances under which those thoughts occurred. Abby was asked to bring the log with her to her next appointment. Short-Answer Questions Answer the following questions based on the scenario above. Answers should be short and concise. 1. Which DSM-5 disorder matches the symptoms Abby is reporting? 2. Which theoretical model does the homework assigned by Dr. Smith match? 3. If Dr. Smith recommended medications only, which theoretical model would this match? 4. If Dr. Smith recommended medications in addition to therapy, which theoretical model would this match? 5. If Dr. Smith completed a free association exercise with Abby, which theoretical model would this match? 6. If Dr. Smith used unconditional positive regard in the treatment, which theoretical model would this match? 7. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following: She had been in a car accident where she feared for her life. She had sleep disturbances including nightmares and became uncomfortable at the thought of driving, to the point that she avoided driving. She now believes she is a horrible driver, although her friends assure her this is not true. If these symptoms have lasted for longer than a month, which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 8. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following: Every day for the past 2 weeks she felt down or sad for most of the day, had noticed an increase in her appetite, had been unable to sleep or concentrate, and felt tired. Additionally, this was interfering with her goals and tasks, and she reported that she had never felt manic or hypomanic. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 9. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following: Every day for at least the past week she felt irritable with persistently increased energy and talkativeness, was easily distracted, did not seem to need sleep, and noticed that this behavior was interfering with her job. She reported that she has felt these symptoms before in her past and that she has also felt depressed sometimes. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 10. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following: Throughout her life, she has always been suspicious of others. She reports that she really would like to have good relationships, but even as a child she knew that others, including family members, could not be trusted. She feels that she needs to stay on guard to protect herself. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 11. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following: She began drinking when she was 18 and now needs to drink more or higher concentrations of alcohol to continue to function. She reports that she has lost her part-time job because of her drinking and is in danger of failing out of college. She was hospitalized last weekend due to experiencing delirium tremens during withdrawal, and the doctor explained to her that she could die from this disorder. Abby recognized that her drinking was interfering with her life, and she knew that she did not want to die. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 12. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby’s former roommate reported the following: During a significant portion of the past month, Abby had talked to herself out loud and told her roommate that she had heard voices telling her to harm herself. Her roommate reported that Abby had told her that she occasionally stated that she was Joan of Arc and that the school mascot was stalking her. Her roommate asked to change rooms, and now that Abby was living alone, she did not appear to have bathed in more than a week. This was not typical behavior for Abby, as she had been known to be meticulous with her appearance and hygiene. The roommate expressed her concern for Abby and stated that although she had noticed some of these behaviors since she first met Abby more than 6 months ago, the behaviors seem to have increased over the past month. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 13. If Abby were 5 years old and, instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, her symptoms included nightmares, physical complaints, recurrent separation-related fear, and a refusal to leave home, what DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 14. If Abby were 67 years old, and instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, had no major medical issues, had never been diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder, and her symptoms included a substantial decline in the cognitive functioning areas of memory and attention that interfere with her independence, what DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 15. Dr. Smith discussed the limits of confidentiality and required Abby to sign an informed consent form before treatment. These are examples of items used to protect the patient’s ______________. | Get an A+ | Custom Plagiarism-Free Academic Papers
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University of Phoenix Material Week Five Programmatic Assessment Scenario Abby is a 20-year-old female college student. For at least the last 3 months, Abby has experienced ongoing anxiety and worry without a specific cause for these feelings. She has been restless and has noticed that her muscles feel tense and that these symptoms are beginning to affect her behavior in a way that is causing her to become distressed and that is preventing her from being able to complete her normal tasks. Abby correctly believed that it was normal to feel a little anxious sometimes; however, as the semester has progressed, she has not begun to feel significantly more comfortable. On the recommendation of a friend, Abby visited the university’s counseling center and talked to Dr. Smith. Dr. Smith was warm and welcoming and, after discussing the limits of confidentiality with Abby and obtaining informed consent, encouraged Abby to describe her concerns. Dr. Smith listened attentively and asked Abby a few questions. They both agreed on an appointment date and time for the next week. Dr. Smith gave Abby a homework assignment to keep a written log of the negative thoughts or assumptions she has during the week and the circumstances under which those thoughts occurred. Abby was asked to bring the log with her to her next appointment. Short-Answer Questions Answer the following questions based on the scenario above. Answers should be short and concise. 1. Which DSM-5 disorder matches the symptoms Abby is reporting? 2. Which theoretical model does the homework assigned by Dr. Smith match? 3. If Dr. Smith recommended medications only, which theoretical model would this match? 4. If Dr. Smith recommended medications in addition to therapy, which theoretical model would this match? 5. If Dr. Smith completed a free association exercise with Abby, which theoretical model would this match? 6. If Dr. Smith used unconditional positive regard in the treatment, which theoretical model would this match? 7. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following: She had been in a car accident where she feared for her life. She had sleep disturbances including nightmares and became uncomfortable at the thought of driving, to the point that she avoided driving. She now believes she is a horrible driver, although her friends assure her this is not true. If these symptoms have lasted for longer than a month, which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 8. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following: Every day for the past 2 weeks she felt down or sad for most of the day, had noticed an increase in her appetite, had been unable to sleep or concentrate, and felt tired. Additionally, this was interfering with her goals and tasks, and she reported that she had never felt manic or hypomanic. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 9. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following: Every day for at least the past week she felt irritable with persistently increased energy and talkativeness, was easily distracted, did not seem to need sleep, and noticed that this behavior was interfering with her job. She reported that she has felt these symptoms before in her past and that she has also felt depressed sometimes. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 10. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following: Throughout her life, she has always been suspicious of others. She reports that she really would like to have good relationships, but even as a child she knew that others, including family members, could not be trusted. She feels that she needs to stay on guard to protect herself. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 11. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following: She began drinking when she was 18 and now needs to drink more or higher concentrations of alcohol to continue to function. She reports that she has lost her part-time job because of her drinking and is in danger of failing out of college. She was hospitalized last weekend due to experiencing delirium tremens during withdrawal, and the doctor explained to her that she could die from this disorder. Abby recognized that her drinking was interfering with her life, and she knew that she did not want to die. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 12. If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby’s former roommate reported the following: During a significant portion of the past month, Abby had talked to herself out loud and told her roommate that she had heard voices telling her to harm herself. Her roommate reported that Abby had told her that she occasionally stated that she was Joan of Arc and that the school mascot was stalking her. Her roommate asked to change rooms, and now that Abby was living alone, she did not appear to have bathed in more than a week. This was not typical behavior for Abby, as she had been known to be meticulous with her appearance and hygiene. The roommate expressed her concern for Abby and stated that although she had noticed some of these behaviors since she first met Abby more than 6 months ago, the behaviors seem to have increased over the past month. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 13. If Abby were 5 years old and, instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, her symptoms included nightmares, physical complaints, recurrent separation-related fear, and a refusal to leave home, what DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 14. If Abby were 67 years old, and instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, had no major medical issues, had never been diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder, and her symptoms included a substantial decline in the cognitive functioning areas of memory and attention that interfere with her independence, what DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms? 15. Dr. Smith discussed the limits of confidentiality and required Abby to sign an informed consent form before treatment. These are examples of items used to protect the patient’s ______________.
August 10, 2017 suzet
University of Phoenix Material
Week Five Programmatic Assessment
Scenario
Abby is a 20-year-old female college student. For at least the last 3 months, Abby has experienced ongoing anxiety and worry without a specific cause for these feelings. She has been restless and has noticed that her muscles feel tense and that these symptoms are beginning to affect her behavior in a way that is causing her to become distressed and that is preventing her from being able to complete her normal tasks. Abby correctly believed that it was normal to feel a little anxious sometimes; however, as the semester has progressed, she has not begun to feel significantly more comfortable.
On the recommendation of a friend, Abby visited the university’s counseling center and talked to Dr. Smith. Dr. Smith was warm and welcoming and, after discussing the limits of confidentiality with Abby and obtaining informed consent, encouraged Abby to describe her concerns. Dr. Smith listened attentively and asked Abby a few questions. They both agreed on an appointment date and time for the next week. Dr. Smith gave Abby a homework assignment to keep a written log of the negative thoughts or assumptions she has during the week and the circumstances under which those thoughts occurred. Abby was asked to bring the log with her to her next appointment.
Short-Answer Questions
Answer the following questions based on the scenario above. Answers should be short and concise.
Which DSM-5 disorder matches the symptoms Abby is reporting?
Which theoretical model does the homework assigned by Dr. Smith match?
If Dr. Smith recommended medications only, which theoretical model would this match?
If Dr. Smith recommended medications in addition to therapy, which theoretical model would this match?
If Dr. Smith completed a free association exercise with Abby, which theoretical model would this match?
If Dr. Smith used unconditional positive regard in the treatment, which theoretical model would this match?
If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following:
She had been in a car accident where she feared for her life. She had sleep disturbances including nightmares and became uncomfortable at the thought of driving, to the point that she avoided driving. She now believes she is a horrible driver, although her friends assure her this is not true. If these symptoms have lasted for longer than a month, which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms?
If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following:
Every day for the past 2 weeks she felt down or sad for most of the day, had noticed an increase in her appetite, had been unable to sleep or concentrate, and felt tired. Additionally, this was interfering with her goals and tasks, and she reported that she had never felt manic or hypomanic. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms?
If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following:
Every day for at least the past week she felt irritable with persistently increased energy and talkativeness, was easily distracted, did not seem to need sleep, and noticed that this behavior was interfering with her job. She reported that she has felt these symptoms before in her past and that she has also felt depressed sometimes. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms?
If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following:
Throughout her life, she has always been suspicious of others. She reports that she really would like to have good relationships, but even as a child she knew that others, including family members, could not be trusted. She feels that she needs to stay on guard to protect herself. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms?
If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby reported the following:
She began drinking when she was 18 and now needs to drink more or higher concentrations of alcohol to continue to function. She reports that she has lost her part-time job because of her drinking and is in danger of failing out of college. She was hospitalized last weekend due to experiencing delirium tremens during withdrawal, and the doctor explained to her that she could die from this disorder. Abby recognized that her drinking was interfering with her life, and she knew that she did not want to die. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms?
If instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, Abby’s former roommate reported the following:
During a significant portion of the past month, Abby had talked to herself out loud and told her roommate that she had heard voices telling her to harm herself. Her roommate reported that Abby had told her that she occasionally stated that she was Joan of Arc and that the school mascot was stalking her. Her roommate asked to change rooms, and now that Abby was living alone, she did not appear to have bathed in more than a week. This was not typical behavior for Abby, as she had been known to be meticulous with her appearance and hygiene. The roommate expressed her concern for Abby and stated that although she had noticed some of these behaviors since she first met Abby more than 6 months ago, the behaviors seem to have increased over the past month. Which DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms?
If Abby were 5 years old and, instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, her symptoms included nightmares, physical complaints, recurrent separation-related fear, and a refusal to leave home, what DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms?
If Abby were 67 years old, and instead of the symptoms listed in the scenario, had no major medical issues, had never been diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder, and her symptoms included a substantial decline in the cognitive functioning areas of memory and attention that interfere with her independence, what DSM-5 disorder label might match her symptoms?
Smith discussed the limits of confidentiality and required Abby to sign an informed consent form before treatment. These are examples of items used to protect the patient’s ______________.
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The Assignment (15-page minimum) Your Assignment is to choose a culture outside of your own and develop a minimum 15-page cross-cultural research paper. Describe the culture of interest and explain why this culture interests you, include whether it is a collectivistic or individualistic culture. Describe the culture you most identify with and its characteristics, include whether it is a collectivistic or individualistic culture. Compare the similarities and differences between the culture you selected and your own related to time orientation, communication, physical and mental health, group relationships, and perceptions and measures of intelligence. Describe a theory that will guide your analysis of both cultures. Based on the theory, explain how each culture influences human development, identity development, and personality development within it. Based on the theory, explain how each culture influences the expression of emotion, the development of morality, gender, aggression, and one other psychological process within it. Explain any biases that may influence your analysis of these cultures and explain why. You must use at least 10 references in APA style. Support your responses using the Learning Resources and the current literature. Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are to provide a reference list for all resources, including those in the Learning Resources for this course.
Signature Assignment: Strategic Plan: Implementation Plan, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plan Analysis About Your Signature Assignment Signature/Benchmark Assignments are designed to align with specific program student learning outcome(s) in your program. Program Student Learning Outcomes are broad statements that describe what students should know and be able to do upon completion of their degree. Signature/Benchmark Assignments are graded with a grading guide or an automated rubric that allows the University to collect data that can be aggregated across a location or college/school and used for course/program improvements. Purpose of Assignment The purpose of The Final Strategic Plan is to allow the student to develop a comprehensive strategy for a new division of an existing company. This analysis will be the culmination of all the previous week’s coursework as well as e objectives covered during their entire degree work. Assignment Steps Resources: Strategic Planning Outline and Week 5 textbook readings Develop a minimum of 700-word section for your business model and strategic plan in which you add your strategies and tactics to implement and realize your objectives, measures, and targets. • Identify marketing and information technology as part of the strategies and tactics section of the business plan. • Develop at least three methods to monitor and control your proposed strategic plan, being sure to analyze how the measures will advance organizational goals financially and operationally. • Determine the best possible options for evaluating the strategic plan. • Explain the ethical issues faced by the organization, summarize the legal and regulatory issues faced by the organization, and then summarize the organization’s corporate social responsibility. • Show, in this section, the possible implications of the triple bottom line (people, planet, profit) on the strategic plan and its implementation. Prepare a minimum 350-word executive summary defining the new division of existing business. Share your Vision, Mission, final business model, and value proposition, and list your key assumptions, risks, and change management issues. Quantify the growth and profit opportunity and planned impact on various stakeholders. Note: Any investor should be eager to meet with you after reading your executive summary. Use the Strategic Planning Outline as a guide, and combine Parts 1, 2, and 3 of your completed business model strategic plan with your Final Business Plan Model assignment and Executive Summary. This includes the Business Model, Vision, Mission, Values, SWOTT Analysis, Supply Chain Analysis, and Balanced Scorecard and Communication Plan from prior weeks. Your consolidated final strategic plan should be a minimum of 4,200 words in length. Format the paper consistent with APA guidelines.
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Adam Clark Square is both the heart of Hungary and the entrance to the Buda Castle. The square, part of the World Heritage, was named after Adam Clark of Scotland, who oversaw the construction of the landmarks connecting the square, the Chain Bridge and the Castle Tunnel. According to a legend, the Castle Tunnel was built as a refuge for the Chain Bridge, where they could be drawn in during the rain.
The Lions Without Tongues
The four stone lions created by sculptor János Marschalkó carry their own legend with them. During their unveiling in 1852, the ceremony was interrupted by a cobbler who cried out: “The lions have no tongues!” Legend has it that the sculptor then jumped off the bridge the same night, ashamed. In reality, he went to live a long time after the accident, and in fact the lions do have their tongues, they are just not visible from the pavement. This is how the sculptor responded to accusations in a newspaper article: “I wish that your wife had a tongue as large as the lion!”
Culture Crib
Adam Clark Square was the city’s first completely Neo-Renaissance space, decorated by two buildings designed by Miklós Ybl, the famous Hungarian architect. The Chain Bridge Palace, built in 1869, still stands today. The less fortunate center of the Buda Savings Bank, completed in 1862, was demolished during the construction of the roundabout after the Second World War, leaving only four stone columns. Prior to the demolition of the building, the Chain Bridge Café, a popular
Before it was demolished, the editorial office of the West – the defining journal of 20th century Hungarian literature-, gathered in the legendary Lánchid Café at the bottom of the building. The Lánchid Café continued to operate in a tiny, surviving part of the building until the 1990s.
Tradition Meets Modernity
It took almost 70 years for Hotel Clark to fill the fan-shaped gap left by the demolished Buda Savings Bank. The 150-year-old pillars rescued from the Buda Savings Bank were placed in a new location, inside the courtyard of the new building. The hotel’s main entrance also features iconic lion statues of the Chain Bridge, framed by a sunny, glorious lion mane. The design of Hotel Clark follows the curved shape of the land where it stands, offering a unique view of the picturesque Royal Palace, the Chain Bridge and the Danube – while its grandiose public spaces evoke the world of historic large hotels, creating a balance between classic values and modern design.
Every Road Leads to Adam Clark Square
Following in Adam Clark’s footsteps, Anthony Gall, the Australian architect of Hotel Clark, also fell in love with Hungary and married a Hungarian woman. Gall settled down and started a family in Budapest, and left his mark on the unparalleled beauty of Buda panorama with his work. The hotel is a rightful addition to its world heritage surroundings; adjacent to the “Zero” kilometer stone, it is the proud herald of a legend taken for granted since the era of István Széchenyi: “Every road leads to Adam Clark Square”.
COVID-19 Information
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Sometime in the mid-1960s or so I saw a science fiction movie called Robinson Crusoe On Mars. In the movie were flying machines apparently used by an alien culture mining Mars. For some reason the crafts were vaguely familiar in a gnawing-away sort of way. Eventually the gnawing that stemmed from nothing more than a movie was put on hold and faded well back into the recesses of my belly brain. Then one day, like a name, word, or phrase that suddenly pops out of nowhere after months exhausting yourself trying to recall it, it dawned on me what it reminded me of --- the Martian flying war machines in the 1953 movie War of the Worlds. However, the gnawing away aspect of it all was NOT that the 'Robinson Crusoe On Mars' ships and the 'War of the Worlds' ships were similar, BUT that when I saw the mid-60s era ships and finally figured it out, it sent me back to the first time I saw the 'War of the Worlds' flying machines and how strongly seeing them affected me. Although the crafts in both movies were lithe and fighter-like, seeing them, in a fleeting shadow-like way, were vaguely reminiscent of the giant object of unknown origin that flew over my house that I saw as a young boy and describe in The Battle of Los Angeles: 1942 UFO.
Interestingly enough, the flying craft in both of the movies, the Martian war machine at the top the page and the alien mining craft immediately above, were designed by the same man, Al Nozaki (1912-2003), an Oscar nominated art director. For some reason his designs were completely different from typical science fiction movie fare of the day --- which were invariably modifications of V-2 rockets, something out of Buck Rogers, or flying saucer disc-like contraptions. Because of that difference and continuingly being haunted by the similarity between what I saw over my house and what he had designed I decided to seek Nozaki out to see if I could learn the source of his inspiration.
TYPICAL ROCKET OR DISC-LIKE OBJECTS
DESIGNED OR OBSERVED DURING 1950's
The 1953 movie 'War of the Worlds' wherein Nozaki's handiwork appeared, was based on the novel of the same name by H.G. Wells. The action in Wells' novel was primarily based in London while the movie moved it to Los Angeles, making it in essence a Battle of Los Angeles. It was my suspicion, since Nozaki had been raised in the L.A. area and was of the right age, that he himself had seen the L.A. object. In that the movie circulated around the destruction of Los Angeles by an alien ship, consciously or subconsciously, I felt Nozaki incorporated what he saw into his creations.
Being a prominent art designer for a major studio I figured finding him would be easy, getting next to him and talking for any length of time might be another matter. Actually it ended up just the opposite. By the time I made my decision to seek him out, Nozaki, although just into his mid to late 50s, had left Paramount and retired, primarily because an eye disease that had impacted his work and, although he would live to age 91, would soon render him blind. At first, the fact of his retirement broke the chain in my ability of having intermediaries introduce us, but eventually I remembered a friend of mine I had met in boot camp, who as a young boy, had been interned along with his parents in one of the wartime Japanese relocation camps. Somewhere along the way I had learned Nozaki and his wife had been sent to Manzanar and, although my friend and his mother and father had been sent to a camp in Poston, Arizona, his parents maintained a close contact with a long list of former internees from all the locations. It was not long before I met someone who knew someone who knew Nozaki.
Although I came on good authority, initially the two of us did not hit it off too well because, as I quickly discovered, at least up to that point of time in his life, there were two things Nozaki did not talk about, especially to people he did not know well: Manzanar and the so-called 'Battle of L.A.' He did not talk about Manzanar because six months into internment he signed a loyality oath to the United States and was allowed to move to the midwest with his wife for the duration. Early on many in the Japanese community viewed such actions with disfavor, so it was many years before he discussed it openly. As to the 'Battle of L.A.' he kept his mouth shut because people would think he was nuts. For whatever reason, out of the blue, after he learned I had studied under the Japanese Zen master Yasutani Hakuun Roshi, he basically just opened up and told me anything I wanted to know.
When I first met Nozaki he was living in an area of Los Angeles called Echo Park and, except for his relocation during the war, had done so since 1938.[1] Echo Park is a neighborhood in Los Angeles located barely west and a little north of downtown --- and a long ways away from the direct path of the object. So my first question was, if he lived so far from the direct path of the object, what was he doing that put him in a position that he was able to observe the object up close at three or four in the morning? Secondly, if he was interned in Manzanar how was it he was still in the L.A. area when the 'Battle of Los Angeles' occurred?
In that the answer to my second question is not as long and much easier to answer, I will respond to it first. President Roosevelt signed Executive Order No. 9066 February 19, 1942 that basically set in motion U.S. policy regarding internment camps. March 7th the land for the Manzanar camp was set aside. On March 22nd the first large contingent of Japanese and Japanese Americans were moved from Los Angeles to the Manzanar by the Army. The so-called 'Battle of Los Angeles' or 'UFO Over L.A.' happened February 25, 1942 giving Nozaki a minimum of a one month window before he was interned. What led him to being able to observe the object as clear and as close as he did is as follows:
Nozaki was born in Japan in 1912 arriving in the United States with his parents when he was three or four years old, settling in the Los Angeles area. Growing up in Southern California, he was a product of local schools and universities, at least up to earning a Bachelor's from USC. For the Masters Degree he earned in architectural engineering he attended the University of Illinois, entering the job market in 1933, the height of the depression. Knowing the only people in the area really hiring in those days that paid any kind of money, along with a certain job security, was the film industry, Nozaki began his search there. He was more than happy to take a job offered him by Paramount Studios.
Things went well the first few years, then, in December of 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. A wave of anti-Japanese sentiment swept across America and especially so along the Pacific coast. Nozaki, for no other reason than he was Japanese, was caught up in it all and fired from his job within days of the attack. Besides firings, closing of bank accounts and not cashing checks, all kinds of rumors began to surface of wrath unleashed against individuals of Japanese descent. In BATTLE OF LOS ANGELES: The Radar Dilemma there is a report that an unarmed American merchant vessel was torpedoed south of Los Angeles in the channel between Santa Catalina Island and Point Fermin on Christmas day 1941, with the loss of one life and several injured. Immediately following the attack the submarine was spotted in the waters north of Point Fermin apparently headed toward the deep marine trench off Redondo Beach. According to World War II Comes To Redondo and a number of other historical sources about the era, U.S. aircraft caught the sub blatantly navigating on the surface and attempted to pepper it's decks with bombs. The next day newspaper headlines screamed "Army Flyer Sinks Coast Raider, Air Filled with Debris as Nippon Submarine Is Destroyed." The high initial enthusiasm turned to outrage when it was discovered the submarine that had, through it's actions not only sank a U.S. ship off the coast and causing the death of an innocent American merchant seaman, actually escaped. See:
ATTACK ON THE SS ABSAROKA
Within days rumors circulated that three Japanese individuals were pulled out of their home in the middle of the night and hanged from the rafters of their front porch or their house near Hawthorne Blvd and Torrance Blvd, halfway between the cities of Torrance and Redondo Beach.[2] True or not, Nozaki, out of work, was requested by high ranking family members to seek out other family members or close family friends in the same area and convince them, for their own safety, to move. Instead he procastinated. Then, on February 23, 1942, word came out that a Japanese submarine shelled the Ellwood oil fields near the town of Goleta, 12 miles north of Santa Barbara. The next day, February 24th Nozaki drove down to the city of Gardena to try and talk close family friends living there into moving. If he was ultimately successful in his endeavors are not known. However, in those days most of the general vicinity was rural and the Japanese living in the area were simply hardworking farmers and their families. Nobody he talked to expressed any desire to leave. Matter of fact, many of the younger Japanese would spend night after night or rotating nights sitting in their parents or neighbors fields protecting the crops from vandals that would sometimes race through the fields in their cars or trucks in the middle of the night churning up the soil, turning doughnuts, destroying the plants and ripping up the irrigation systems.
Just as the sun was setting on the night of February 24th, Nozaki, a well educated "city boy," to show he was cool, went to one of the fields with one of the young men guarding it for the night. By 1:00 AM his friend, who had worked all day and guarded the fields all night the night before, had dozed off. Around three in the morning or so, after drinking almost a whole thermos of hot coffee, Nozaki got out of the truck to shake off a little chill, stretch his legs, and relieve himself. He noticed that when before there was a slight glare of city lights along the horizon from the beach towns a few miles off to the west it was now strangely dark. As a matter of fact when he turned in a circle all away around there didn't seem to be much light radiating up into the night sky anywhere, especially towards downtown Los Angeles. As he turned back, in the distance towards the coast and the north was the only place where there was any semblance of illumination, then only in flashes as though a low-lying electrical storm, which would be highly unusual, high or low, was approaching.
Feeling in his gut something was strange, and since the truck was parked hidden near a small structure and a few trees, Nozaki walked some distance out into the middle of the field to get a clearer unobstructed view. Then, approaching him well above the fields from the west, silhouetted against the slightly lighter night sky, was a fairly huge dark airborne object coming straight toward him at a fairly quick pace. At first it seemed as though it would take a path off to the right of where he was standing, but before it reached him it just barely began turning flatly toward the south, almost as in a controlled drift. By then he was just under the edge of the object as it went over him with the center off to his left, continuing its turn and eventually disappearing in the southern night sky while all the time gaining altitude.[3] It was huge, dark, very long and wide with no lights or signs of windows. Although it did not have protruding wings like an airplane, the object's outside edges ominously curved down. As well, other than feeling a slight vibrational "hum" in his chest as it passed over, the object made no sound. Even though it was airborne it did not seem either lighter than air nor remaining aloft by forward thrust. He felt it was being kept up by some kind of downward facing force although he did not sense any pushing or thrust on his body nor did he see any effects against the ground that would indicate such a theory. His buddy, possibly jared awake by a similar inner humming, woke up and seeing Nozaki gone, got out of the truck only to find him still standing in the middle of the field. His buddy looked off to the south after being told what happened, but by then the object was long gone.
Nozaki said he incorporatated some of the ominous-like aspects of the object he saw such as the curving down contours into his 'War of the Worlds' craft wanting to capture some of the fear he felt as the real-life dark object came toward him --- as though he was going to be clutched up by it. So too, how it mysteriously remained aloft, apprently with some sort of technology or power we did not have. In Wells' novel the machines were held upward by three robot like legs. In the movie he tried to make it seem they were being held off the ground and "walking" by three invisible force-field legs. That is why they appeared to tip to one side and fall over when they began crashing.
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A NUMBER REPORTED SEEING SOMETHING THAT LOOKED LIKE A GIANT BUTTERFLY
(RENO EVENING GAZETTE, FEBRUARY 26, 1942)
THE BATTLE OF LOS ANGELES: 1942 UFO
In June of 1966, one of only two operational prototype mach three XB-70 bombers crashed. As a result there was a short term rash of publicity surrounding the plane in the press, including the release of photographs in a number of popular magazines and other sources that depicted the plane from a variety of angles and operational modes. Although the XB-70 itself did not resemble the object Nozaki saw that night in its totality he did see a couple of photos that struck him because of the way the plane was shown reminded him of the object he saw that night. I did not get copies of the pictures he had nor was I able to locate specific duplicates, however, the closest that captures the essence of what he was trying to say looked something like the following:
MACH-3 XB-70 SEEN FACE-ON IN FLIGHT WITH WING TIPS DOWN
SEE:
LITTLETON VS THE WANDERLING:
Battle of Los Angeles or UFO Over L.A.?
SEE AS WELL:
ROSWELL: WHAT CAUSED THE UFO CRASH?
THE GREAT 1947 SUNSPOT, ROSWELL AND CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS
ROSWELL I-BEAM HIEROGLYPHS
ROSWELL CRASH: UFO DOWN
ROSWELL: CIRCA 1947
FOO FIGHTERS
ROSWELL ARCHAEOLOGISTS
The Dirt Before The Dig
E-MAIL
THE WANDERLING
(please click)
FOOTNOTE [1]
On October 30, 1938 Orson Welles' Mercury Theater on the Air radio production of H.G. Wells' 19th-century science fiction novel War of the Worlds was broadcast nationally. The results of that broadcast, which was presented in the format of a "real newscast" and reached hundreds of stations and thousands of people was, as shown in the headlines in the New York Times below, actual panic in the streets with people actually thinking there was a real Martian invasion. For a complete unabridged YouTube audio video presentation of that 1939 radio broadcast of the War of the Worlds please click the following image:
WAR OF THE WORLDS
(please click image)
My Uncle, who I had been my guardian in lieu of my parents during much of my childhood formative years remembered the Wells broadcast well:
"Like many of his day my uncle experienced the aftermath of, or at least familiar with, the Orson Welles' 1938 radio broadcast of the 'War of the Worlds.' The night of the broadcast, especially on the east coast where it was being sent out live and supposedly taking place, thousands of listeners reportedly took the presentation to be a real news broadcast of an invasion from Mars and actually panicked into the streets. Even so, during the first several years following the San Antonio event my uncle just did not pull forward the Welles incident in his thoughts enough to place any of what he saw or experienced into a 'coming from another world' or 'outer space' context --- and for sure, nothing that appeared to be an invasion. Although he had personally seen, experienced, and participated in what many outsiders might consider strange surrounding some aspects of the various Native American cultures he interacted with, some even hinting at or framed in primitive extra-terrestrial parables --- none leaned outwardly toward what one would think of as a modern day science fiction."
Meeting Dr. La Paz
ILLUSTRATED VERSIONS OF
H.G. WELLS: THE TIME MACHINE
CLICK EITHER OF THE VERSIONS SHOWN BELOW
-----
H.G. WELLS' THE WAR OF THE WORLDS
(please click image)
FOOTNOTE [2]
When I was in high school one of my best buddies had moved into the same house the three Japanese were said to have been hanged. He was one of seven brothers --- all in a row and all one year apart except for the year his parents bought their first televison set he used to say. With so many brothers in such a small house he slept on the couch in the living room. He told me on many nights, coming through the front windows along the porch he had seen the shadows of the three hanged Japanese swaying in the wind on the wall behind the couch of the living room. When he would get up and go to the windows nothing was there. I had to see it. It was his father that told me the story of the hanging. I never saw the shadows.
FOOTNOTE [3]
"The object that triggered the air raid alarm had drawn 1430 rounds of ammunition from the coast artillery, to no effect. When it moved at all, the object had proceeded at a leisurely pace over the coastal cities between Santa Monica and Long Beach, taking about 30 minutes of actual flight time to move 20 miles; then it disappeared from view."
FATE MAGAZINE: World War II UFO Scare, Paul T. Collins, 1987
Nozaki, talking about the craft in the main text above, said that just before it reached him:
"(It) began turning flatly toward the south, almost as in a controlled drift. By then he was just under the edge of the object as it went over him with the center off to his left, continuing its turn and eventually disappearing in the southern night sky while all the time gaining altitude."
Nozaki's location at the time was inland from Redondo Beach, north of Long Beach some distance south and somewhat east of the city of Gardena. According to UFO Over L.A.: The Battle of Los Angeles the object eventually crossed somewhere between Palos Verdes on the west and Signal Hill on the east coming out over Long Beach heading south along the California coast toward Huntington Beach --- although at a much, much higher altitude than when it went over Lucia Street in Redondo Beach. The thing is, when it came out over the ocean slightly east of Long Beach none of the beach cities south along the coast reported seeing it. The question is then, what happened to it? The answer can be found by going to the following:
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MOSCOW, Russia (CNN) -- Russian investigators said Monday that explosions led to the near-simultaneous crashes of two Russian jetliners last week.
The Federal Security Service (FSB) is focusing its investigation on whether acts of terrorism brought down the jets after traces of the explosive hexogen were found in the wreckage of both planes.
Eighty-nine people died in the crashes Tuesday.
Hexogen, when mixed with nitroglycerin, forms a plastic explosive similar to C4 and has been used by Chechen rebels in attacks on Russian soil in the past.
Although Russian authorities are taking great care not to assign blame in the crashes, at the center of the investigation are two Chechen women who were aboard the planes.
Authorities confirm that no friends or relatives have come forward to claim the remains of either woman, and they are the only two passengers on either flight that have not been inquired after.
The FSB also said that the women purchased the tickets for their flights at the last minute.
The crashes took place ahead of Sunday's regional election in the rebellious southern territory of Chechnya, where Russian troops have battled separatist guerrillas since 1994.
Chechen voters elected a new president, Alu Alkhanov, following the assassination in May of then-President Akhmad Kadyrov. (Full story)
Through a spokesman, Chechen rebel leader Aslan Maskhadov has denied any involvement in Tuesday's plane crashes.
The crashes raised concerns that security at Russian airports is too lax, leading Russian President Vladimir Putin on Friday to propose bringing all airport security under the aegis of the Russian Interior Ministry.
Currently, airport security at Moscow's Domodedovo Airport, where the airplanes departed, is the responsibility of private contractors.
Most other Russian airports also use private contractors for security.
Authorities also said Saturday that the flight data recorders from the planes may not be of much use in the investigation. Apparently the devices on both planes either malfunctioned or shut down before the crashes.
Perhaps the most notorious attacks involving Chechen rebels in Russia occurred in September of 1999 when apartment buildings in Moscow, Buynaksk and Volgodonsk were bombed resulting in the deaths of nearly 300 people. All of the bombs used were found to contain hexogen.
Other attacks credited to Chechen rebels have killed hundreds. They include:
In June of 1995, Chechen rebels seized a hospital in southern Russia, about 100 people died.
In July of 2000, guerrillas launch five suicide bomb attacks on Russian security bases, the deadliest attack killed 54 people.
In October of 2002, 129 hostages and 41 guerrillas were dead after Russian troops stormed a Moscow theater where rebels had taken 700 captives. Many of the hostages were killed by the gas Russian troops used to knock out Chechens.
In December of 2002, about 80 people were killed when Chechen suicide bombers rammed vehicles into the local government headquarters in Grozny, bringing down a four-story building.
In May of 2003, 59 people were killed as two suicide bombers drove a truck full of explosives into a government complex in northern Chechnya.
In July of 2003, two female suicide bombers killed 15 people when they blew themselves up at an open-air rock festival in Moscow.
In February of 2004, 40 were killed and 100 injured when a suicide bomber detonated a bomb on a Moscow metro train.
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• U.N.: Truck bomb killed Hariri
• EU 'crisis' after summit failure
• U.S. House votes to keep U.N. dues
CNN/Money: Security alert issued for 40 million credit cards
• Bin Laden deputy sends message
• U.S. House votes to keep U.N. dues
• Iran poll to go to run-off
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One of ITV's most successful and long running shows, The Bill managed to clock up 2,400 episodes in its 27 year history of tackling crime in Sun Hill. And, given this long lifespan and some amazing writing, The Bill was able to drive its narrative with a fantastic array of characters who, for better or sometimes worse, engaged us and left us dreading the moment that those iconic patrolling feet would appear and signal the end of an episode.
Even several years on from the end of The Bill, these characters still feel fresh in our mind, so I decided to revisit what I consider to be 17 of the greatest characters from The Bill.
1. Jim Carver (Mark Wingett) - 1983 to 2005 & 2007
The original focal point of The Bill, Jim Carver starred in the 1983 pilot Woodentop and had a starring role in the series for 22 years, acting as one of the longest serving officers at Sun Hill and crucial in establishing the series' initial success
Starting off in uniform as part of his probation period, the fresh faced Carver steadily rose through the ranks at Sun Hill thanks to his determination and honesty. A man for whom injustice was completely abhorrent and an affront to everything he held dear, he eventually reached the rank of Detective Constable, but after working in CID for 12 years he was demoted to uniform.
It's a demotion which hit hard and his subsequent alcoholism was the first sign that he suffered from an addictive personality; once he completed his rehabilitation from alcohol, he replaced it with a gambling addiction. Now married to June Ackland - who helped him beat the drink - Carver ran up massive debts and June was forced out of retirement to raise funds.
Carver - after divorcing June - was transferred to Manchester in 2005, but made a brief return in 2007 for three episodes.
2. June Ackland (Trudie Goodwin) - 1983 to 2007
June Ackland's very first task in The Bill was to take the young, fledgling police officer Jim Carver under her wing in Woodentop in 1983.
An honest and caring copper, Ackland exuded empathy and sympathy for victims of crimes and her colleagues. Keen to resolve conflict in the station just as much as on the mean streets of Sun Hill, Ackland was always ready to step into any disputes to defuse any tension. She also managed to gain the respect of her peers by always wielding a firm authority and was far from a pushover despite by her kindly demeanour.
However, Ackland's private life was far from being calm and authoritative. Embarking on an affair with DCI Wray hinted at her troubles with forming relationships and this was further highlighted in her somewhat disastrous marriage to Jim Carver which was shortlived. One of her most bizarre storylines saw her being repeatedly manipulated by the insane PC Gabriel Kent (more about that later), but she weathered most storms and ultimately retired in 2007.
3. Frank Burnside (Christopher Ellison) - 1984 to 2000
Although, at first, only appearing in occasional episodes, Burnside made such an impression whenever he turned up that by 1988 he was established as a leading character and, with his wide boy antics and propensity for bending the law, it was the role that Christopher Ellison was born for.
Originally looked down on as a bent copper, when Burnside officially joined up with the Sun Hill team, it was revealed that he was always an inside man for Operation Countryman (an operation set up to weed out bent coppers). Despite an initially uncomfortable pairing with DS Ted Roach, the two soon developed a steady partnership and Burnside's brooding Cockney charm went into overdrive.
Burnside suddenly disappeared from Sun Hill in 1993 on a 'special assignment' before resurfacing in 1998 as the head of the Crime Operational Command Unit and occasionally collaborated with Sun Hill. There were further adventures for Burnside in the spin off series titled, not surprisingly, Burnside, but this only lasted one series before being cancelled.
4. Alfred "Tosh" Lines (Kevin Lloyd) - 1988 to 1998
Best known as Tosh, Alfred Lines was somewhat of a shambles of a police officer, but still proved to be incredibly popular with the viewers, thanks, in part, to the honesty and shortcomings of his character.
Just as likely to be found munching on a pie as he was to be arresting criminals, Tosh somehow managed to be a highly successful member of CID. However, due to his shambolic approach to life - his erratic Volvo was somewhat of a metaphor for his life - he never stood a chance of rising any further in the force, but seemed relatively cock a hoop to be where he was. Well liked by all and sundry at Sun Hill, Tosh was a real family man - with five children - and frequently put them before his career.
Sadly, in real life, Kevin Lloyd was an alcoholic and found himself sacked from The Bill due to turning up on set whilst under the influence. And, just a week after filming his last scenes for the series, Lloyd was dead following a stint in rehab.
5. Roy Galloway (John Salthouse) - 1983 to 1987
DI Galloway had reached his lofty position in the force whilst still relatively young - much to the chagrin of the older, yet subordinate DS Roach - but his grit and determination to nail the bad guys was more than enough to convince his superiors that he was the right man for the job.
It was a determination, however, that could leave Galloway severely hot headed and his frustration frequently boiled over, with his work colleagues taking the brunt of his rage. Whilst his dedication to the job is admirable and his passion for justice undeniable - just look at the snarling diatribe he unleashes on a porn director in an early episode - it's an attitude which alienates him from many of the officers at Sun Hill and, especially, his wife who later demands a divorce.
6. Dale "Smithy" Smith (Alex Walkinshaw) - 1999 to 2010
One of the later bona fide stars of The Bill - as it began morphing into much more of a soap opera - Smithy was a controversial character at times, but one who was fully immersed into the heart of drama at Sun Hill.
Accused of being both racist and homophobic on separate occasions - not helped by joining Gabriel Kent's 'Straight White Male Police Association' - Smithy had strong held beliefs and convictions which were both a help and a hindrance to his career in the Met. His strong arm approach saw him landed in hot water for 'encouraging' homeowners to take the law into their own hands (leading to a death) and his charms with the ladies found Smithy being framed for the murder of a gangster's moll following an affair with her
Finally, Smithy's behaviour and fortunes changed - despite being stabbed in 2009 - and Superintendent Meadows promoted him to Inspector.
7. Viv Martella (Nula Conwell) - 1984 to 1993
With an Italian heritage, Viv Martella brought a welcome dash of Mediterranean beauty to the streets of Sun Hill, but also had the nous to laugh in the face of the sexism she was frequently subjected to at the station. Try as hard as they could, but the chaps at Sun Hill just couldn't secure a date with Martella as, for her, work was purely work.
Martella's fiery nature - indicative of her Italian roots - meant that many police interviews she conducted descended into furious verbal attacks, but, if nothing else, it underlined her dedication to the job. In sharp contrast to this frustrated anger, though, Martella also possessed a huge heart and was the perfect officer to have on hand for a distressed victim.
Bowing out of The Bill in 1993, Martella met a tragic end whilst out on patrol with Tony Stamp. Attempting to move on a van which was illegally parked, Martella was fatally shot by what turned out to be a pair of gunmen and Sun Hill was plunged into mourning.
8. Dave Quinnan (Andrew Paul) - 1989 to 2002
Salt of the earth fellow Dave Quinnan was an ex-electrician who, after working as a sparky on Aberdeen oil rigs, made a sidestep into the force. A straightforward approach to police work saw him concentrating squarely on catching criminals and taking home a decent wage. Perhaps his humanistic qualities were lacking somewhat when it came to consoling victims, but he was more than capable of shifting gear into a full on Cockney charmer mode when necessary.
This wideboy persona, though, spelled trouble for Quinnan at times and this was most ably demonstrated by the breakdown of his marriage following an affair with PC Polly Page. He also found himself in potentially hot water whilst doing electrical work on the side, an activity which was strongly against work protocol.
However, whilst these were problems brought on by himself, Quinnan's career was truly rocked in 1999 when he was viciously attacked and stabbed by a gang of youths on the Jasmine Allen estate. Quinnan eventually returned to Sun Hill, though, even doing community work with some of the youths who attacked him. Quinnan left in 2002 to join covert operations squad SO10.
9. Samantha Nixon (Lisa Maxwell) - 2002 to 2009
Samantha Nixon came to Sun Hill with a weighty set of credentials behind her, not satisfied with one degree in psychology, she backs this up with a further degree in criminology. Originally, Nixon harboured dreams of becoming a criminal profiler, but this was never realised due to what she suspects was sexual discrimination.
Thanks to her academic background, she had a firm grasp of the criminal mind and this acted as an advantage in understanding and predicting the actions of those she was pursuing. However, this determination to understand everyone around her led, at times, to her fellow officers becoming highly guarded around her lest she read something into their behaviour.
Despite failing to fully endear herself to her peers, Nixon was a strong character who was able to forego social accomplishments and concentrate purely on her career. Nonetheless, still found herself struggling for recognition in a patriarchal police service. Not doing her case for promotion any favours, Nixon embarked on a series of internal feuds with Neil Manson and Phil Hunter to further ostracise herself at Sun Hill.
Outside of the station, Nixon also had to deal with the antics of her errant daughter Abigail who, when she wasn't starting relationships with Sun Hill officers, was getting abducted by her mother's ex lovers. Again, this was a relationship tested by Nixon's propensity for concentrating on the mindset rather than the whole person, so it's no surprise that Abigail was such a rebellious young madam.
Nixon finally left Sun Hill in 2009 to join the child exploitation unit.
10. Ted Roach (Tony Scannell) - 1984 to 1993 & 2000
Making his debut in the second episode of The Bill, DS Ted Roach quickly established himself as a firm favourite with the viewers. An old fashioned copper, he enjoyed a glass of Scotch, was always keen to dust down his fighting gloves and wasn't averse to stepping outside the law to make progress.
Due to his unpredictable, maverick ways he was always going to struggle to rise up through the ranks of CID and this grated sorely for Roach. Forming an alliance with fellow maverick Burnside, though, meant that Roach certainly cleaned up in the arrests stakes. He was less keen on DC Mike Dashwood, though, who he dismissed as "a grammar school ponce" and Roach's short fuse ensured there was always an undercurrent of conflict in CID.
Roach's ultimate Achilles heel, of course, was women. Self assured in his ownership of the gift of the gab, his long list of girlfriends suggested he could certainly turn on his Irish charm, but was unable to maintain relationships. And the end of his tenure at Sun Hill came - in 1993 - following a drunken pub brawl over a woman, a brawl which his colleagues were called to. Roach then proceeded to hit Inspector Monroe - who he had never got on with - and departed Sun Hill.
This wasn't the last we saw of the lively Irishman, though, as he returned - now freelancing as a private detective - in an episode in 2000 to help Jim Carver with a murder case. The character was later killed off in 2004 in a car crash which occurred off-screen.
11. Polly Page (Lisa Geoghan) - 1992 to 2004
With a knowing twinkle set amongst her youthful eyes, Polly Page hailed from South London and was already familiar with the brand of villainy scurrying round the streets of Sun Hill. And this knowledge, combined with her eagerness to catch criminals, ensured she was a passionate bobby although she often put herself in danger thanks to her 'arrest at all costs' mindset. Driven by compassion, and with special training for rape cases, Page was the natural choice when a chaperone was required.
Despite concentrating more on the job than her love life, it was hinted that a great passion lurked within Polly - she's even rumoured to be a bit of a dominatrix behind closed doors. Oneday, her desire for love led her into the arms of PC Quinnan, the problem was that he was married. Once this affair fizzled out it plunged Page in to a personal crisis and she came close to taking her own life.
Following a year's sabbatical, Page returned to the force, but soon found herself sentenced for murder after helping a doctor commit euthanasia. Although she was eventually cleared on appeal and returned to Sun Hill, she was relegated to an uninspiring desk position as a CAD operator. Following a newspaper sting by a local journalist in 2004, Page decided to leave Sun Hill and start afresh in pastures new.
12. Bob Cryer (Eric Richard) - 1984 to 2001 & 2004
If ever there were a police officer you could set your watch by then it was Bob Cryer. Appearing in the very first episodes, Cryer was involved in the goings on at Sun Hill for 17 years.
Sergeant Cryer was a dependable officer of the law and acted very much as a father figure for the the staff at Sun Hill. Always to dispense wisdom garnered from the experience picked up in his lengthy stint in the Met (he joined up in 1970) - following a spell in the army with training in firearms - Cryer was well loved by all. Due to his upstanding nature, Cryer had serious issues with Burnside in the early series' of The Bill, but eventually had to admit he was wrong once Burnside's true involvement in Operation Countryman was revealed.
The world of policing had changed dramatically by the time the millennium came around and Cryer, with his aversion to computers, was beginning to feel like a relic of a bygone era. However, his unofficial position as a mentor for younger officers was still firmly in place. In particular, Cryer had plenty of time for Smithy - who had a similar army background - and encouraged the young officer's application to join firearms division SO19. Ironically, though, Smithy shot Cryer during a hostage situation and forced his early retirement in 2001.
Cryer returned to The Bill several times, sometimes for funerals and sometimes to help his niece Robbie Cryer who was now following in footsteps at Sun Hill. His final starring appearance came in 2004 when he reunited with Jack Meadows and Alec Peters to investigate the suspicious circumstances around Ted Roach's death.
13. Gabriel Kent (Todd Carty) - 2003 to 2005
Easily the most unhinged officer to ever work at Sun Hill, it's difficult to understand exactly how the psychopathic PC Gabriel Kent managed to slip through the Met's profiling processes. However, it's not that much of a surprise as psychopaths are sly buggers and will stop at nothing to succeed. And Kent's path to 'success' would be littered with nothing but tragedy and violence.
Originally adopting a persona which was a shining example of everything the law stood for, it soon became apparent that this was nothing but a duplicitous front. Enraged by the ignominy of not receiving all his parents' attention once they had adopted a baby (which was June Ackland's), Kent had grown up bitter and seeking revenge against Ackland.
Following an attack on Jim Carver with a vodka bottle over the head, Kent moved on to destroying Ackland's life. Starting a relationship with her, it emerged that, apparently, Kent was in fact the son which Ackland had put up for adoption. However, it was all part of Kent's meticulous deception and, at first, Ackland was devastated to discover she had committed incest. Kent, though, had a sudden change of heart and revealed his true background before bargaining a deal with Ackland to meet her actual son.
Whilst this smacked of psychopathy of the highest degree, Kent was to go much further with his twisted desires. Hiring an ex-Navy mate as a sniper, Kent gave the orders for several deaths in Sun Hill before letting the sniper fall to his death and take Kent's secrets with him. Still going strong, Kent also turned his attentions to PC Kerry Young who he became obsessed with and went on to rape; unable to have Kerry permanently, though, Kent used the sniper's rifle to murder her whilst she was in the arms of her lover, Smithy.
Eventually, though, Kent's crimes began to catch up with him and, with his arrest imminent, he jumped to his death off a block of flats in 2005 following a final punch up with Smithy.
14. Tony Stamp (Graham Cole) - 1987 to 2009
An affable, cheery Londoner, PC Tony Stamp trod the streets of Sun Hill for 20 years and was one of the most popular characters during the series' run.
Although he always had a smile on hand for his fellow officers and the public, he took his policing very seriously and thrived on the cut and thrust of working the beat. However, there was plenty over the years which could have easily wiped that smile off his face. He witnessed Viv Martella being shot dead, was accused of sexually harassing a young man and, most dramatically, was beaten within an inch of his life by a gang of vicious youths.
Stamp's relationship with Jim Carver was also a crucial narrative, particularly in later years. Despite a long standing friendship, Stamp and Carver found this strained when Carver married Marie Graham, a proposal which June Ackland had expected to receive. Stamp stood by their mutual friend Ackland, but it was later revealed the pair had slept together which enraged Carver. A year later, Stamp sped into Ackland whilst on patrol and she nearly died from cardiac arrest - whilst Ackland was in hospital, Stamp and Carver reconciled.
Leaving Sun Hill in 2009 to become an Advanced Driving Police Instructor, Stamp left behind a long legacy and many friends and fans. Stamp is also notable for fluffing his lines in the 2003 live special 'Fatal Consequences'.
15. Jack Meadows (Simon Rouse) - 1992 to 2010
DCI Jack Meadows (later promoted to Superintendent) joined The Bill in 1992 following his demotion from another force for which many of the Sun Hill officers believed to be corruption.
Initially taking charge of CID - much to the annoyance of Burnside who believed the position to be his - Meadows was abrupt in his ways, but highly shrewd in analysing those in front of him, be it criminals or officers. As a result, Meadows was a highly successful DCI and made for a fantastic leader, one that even won round the prickly Burnside in the end.
Cool and collected he may have been, Meadows wasn't immune from making mistakes. His dedication to the job resulted in his marriage of 28 years crumbling away before he embarked on a relationship with an escort who went on to have his child. Meadows was also held for the disastrous handling of Don Beech and was close to losing his job.
However, Meadows's stern resolve and popularity at the station allowed him to weather all these career threatening storms and was promoted to Superintendent in 2009. Finally putting all the rumours of corruption behind him, Meadows maintained his position until the end of the series.
16. Don Beech (Billy Murray) - 1995 - 2000 & 2004
DS Don Beech was a successful detective, but also one of Sun Hill's most deceptive and cunning employees as evidenced by his numerous misdemeanours.
Arriving in 1995, Beech set about demonstrating the type of underhand techniques that the Met believed to be long extinct. More than happy to collaborate with criminals and take backhanders, Beech had enough underground contacts to conjure up the most unexpected resources. The final push into criminality came when he lied in court to protect a gangland boss in return for £20,000. With suspicions raised, Beech was placed under investigation, but he had soon fled the country after killing DS Boulton.
Beech's on the run exploits were featured in the two spin off series' Beech on the Run and Beech is Back. Returning to The Bill in 2004, he was now imprisoned in Britain, but willing to work with Sun Hill in exchange for a transfer to a low security prison. In true Beech fashion, though, he made an escape during the transfer and was never seen again.
17. Reg Hollis (Jeff Stewart) - 1984 to 2008
How could I do a list of the greatest characters from The Bill and not include old Reg, one of the most loyal Sun Hill stalwarts?
A curious chap with a keen interest in trainspotting and model railways, Hollis is very much the eccentric loner of The Bill. Originally confined to desk duties, Hollis struggles to make many social connections with the other officers, but once he starts going on patrols with PC Des Taviner, Hollis becomes more sociable. Despite striking up a solid friendship with Taviner, it's Hollis who arrests him following his petrol bomb attack on the Sun Hill station.
Hollis' position as head moaner and professional bore at Sun Hill ensures that the majority of his tenure is spent as a singleton. However, love is in the air in the form of Front Desk Officer, Marilyn Chambers who is also a train enthusiast. Sadly, on the day that Des plans to propose to her, she dies in the 2005 Sun Hill fire leaving Reg heartbroken. He eventually left The Bill in 2008 following a terrorist bombing incident.
Having run for 27 years, this is, of course, only a handful of the amazing characters to pass through the doors of Sun Hill, so please let me know who else you fondly remember!
And, please note: the Curious British Telly fanzine is now available - click here for more details!
Posted by Telly Viewer at 1/01/2017
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19 comments:
Mark 1 January 2017 at 20:49
I rewatched the early years of The Bill the other year and was not only totally gripped, but also impressed by how well they stood up. It's just a shame that by some stage in the early 00s it went into absurd soap opera mode.
For me, Galloway and Cryer were my favourite characters. I always preferred Galloway over Burnside, even though Burnside is of course an iconic and enjoyable character. And Viv of course, always loved Viv and her sass and sharp one liners. Loved Polly Page too, but it was sometimes hard to see her as Polly when I knew her better as Debs from Big Deal (also created by Geoff McQueen) I also loved how, in the early days, they didn't shy away from depicting the light and shade of characters and a good example of that is Tom Penny and the ep in which his wife comes to Cryer with the revelation that he beats her up at home. Such a storyline now would be the explosive end of a character, but back then tele had the balls to be realistic enough to admit such things occur and in real life these people don't exit the stage once the news is out. Also that despite it being a despicable thing to do, there is still some humanity and likeability in the character. He's multi-faceted.
The Beech storyline was the last time I was ever hooked on The Bill. As a result some of the others on here; Gabriel Kent, Samantha Nixon etc, I have no experience of.
Another top post!
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Telly Viewer 6 January 2017 at 21:46
Cheers!
The early years, well the first 8 or 9 in fact, were damn good slices of TV drama. Always accessible and never too complex.
And the first couple of series are really gritty with the harsh realities of crime laid bare. There's also at least one topless scene in the show's early days which you wouldn't see nowadays!
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Anonymous 2 January 2017 at 02:51
Chief Inspector Derek Conway
Long suffering 'middleman' between Chief Superintendent Brownlow and the rank and file.
Couple of his best episodes were the outward bounds weekend with Brownlow and Jack Meadeows v the posh gits from Barton Street and the 'Millenium Eve' episode where he and Jack go in search of a bottle of scotch!
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Anonymous 2 January 2017 at 02:56
WPCs Claire Brind,Norika Datta and Leela Kapoor
Three of the prettiest WPCs Sun Hill ever had!
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Mark 3 January 2017 at 21:16
I liked Claire Brind too. I especially recall the ep where she plays the victim in a scene of crime reconstruction, walking through the last moments to try and jog people's memories
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DM 4 January 2017 at 21:08
embarrassingly, I have a number of screencaps of PC Kapoor from my days as a Bill fansite-inhabiting person of about ten years back...... lol (she was one of my latterday favourites)
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Silent Hunter 2 January 2017 at 16:30
No mention of Cass Rickman? I'm still unhappy about her death 15 years on...
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DM 3 January 2017 at 20:34
can't argue with any of these. I always had a soft spot for Polly Page (wistful sigh)
some of the characters from its last few years were pretty good. Remember that undercover cop who ended up actually becoming a criminal? (or something)
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Telly Viewer 6 January 2017 at 21:38
Polly Page was a delightful officer to have on the beat!
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David Barber 24 April 2017 at 01:22
Series 1-3 were excellent, series 4 was ok but series 5 was better.
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Bob 30 January 2018 at 13:45
Ted Roach was Welsh, not Irish.
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Telly Viewer 30 January 2018 at 15:22
Nope, much like the actor who played him, Ted Roach was Irish.
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Anonymous 1 March 2018 at 02:09
What about DC Mike Dashwood ... a more good looking cop you'd be hard to find, great character, shame he was written out so early and there were no romantic liaisions written for him either, what an awful shame!!
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Anonymous 18 April 2018 at 13:16
Well, for me, my favourites in The Bill will always be your dependable but reliable characters, such as Reg Hollis(jeff stewart) Tony Stamp(Graham Cole). Another lovable character for me would be June Ackland(Trudie Goodwin).
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Anonymous 1 June 2018 at 19:33
Really good post.
Honourable Mentions for me go to John Boulton, Derek Conway, Des Taviner, Cass Rickman and George Garfield
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Unknown 18 July 2018 at 17:29
loved reg so funny
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CazUK 27 October 2018 at 09:50
Ted Roach/Galloway/Burnside
The original three amigos, I loved the early series, gritty post watershed plots. Ted could arrest me anytime with those twinkling Irish eyes, AHH.... I think it started going wrong in the 90s when it upped to 2/3 half hour episodes, which ultimately turned it into another soap. Turned off circa 1995.
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MARK 17 July 2019 at 17:12
What a fantastic series,Better than ALL the rubbish on the box now.Frank Burnside the guvnor
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Anonymous 17 January 2021 at 19:22
Sun Hill's Finest for me are as follows
Jim Carver
Reg Hollis
Bob Cryer
Ted Roach
Charles Brownlow
Frank Burnside
Malcom Haynes
Derek Conway
Tosh Lines
Andrew Monroe
Ron Smollett
Matt Boyden
Jack Meadows
Gary Mccann
Philip Cato
Suzi Croft
Sally Johnson
Don Beach
John Boulton
Eddie Santini
Duncan Lennox
Danny Glaze
Cass Rickman
Nick Klein
Des Taviner
Phil Hunter
Gabriel Kent
To be honest after series 16 the quality of the acting and written declined but there were a few decent storylines that came later but after Gabriel Kent left it wasn't worth watching anymore in my opinion.
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o If you want a very comfortable sleeping position, there is no better choice than the Sauna mattress. This is produced by the Memory Foam Company, a major player in the production of lumbar bed mattresses. The Sauna mattress is especially designed for supporting the lower back portion of the body and relieving lower back pain and stiff limbs. Because of the advanced technology, the company produces the Sauna innerspring bed in a longer lasting and softer material. Online mattresses from this company are available at affordable prices, making them a good choice for your home.
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I’ve noticed something. If you ask someone “would you like to commit suicide?” the answer will typically be “no”. There are specific unusual circumstances (terminal illness, depression, advanced age, etc.) in which people are sometimes inclined toward suicide, but for most of us, most of the time, it is an obviously undesirable proposition. But if you ask the same people “would you like to live indefinitely in your twenties with the aid of nanobots” the answer will also typically be “no”. These answers are contradictory.
It is not reasonable to be in your twenties and have no desire at all to die yet simultaneously not desire to extend those conditions forward indefinitely. If you like being young and healthy, there is no reason to assume that being neither young nor healthy and eventually dying in the future is desirable. Yet people make this leap all the time, using a variety of justifications:
Being forever young is not natural
If I were young forever, I would eventually get tired of life
If I were young forever, I would not have the motivation that time limits provide
The first is another example of the fallacious appeal to nature. One cannot derive an “ought” from an “is”. The fact that we presently age and die is no reason in and of itself that we ought to age and die. Furthermore, human beings are natural, and if human beings can develop a means by which they would be young forever, that process would itself be a product of nature.
The second is a claim of tremendous hubris. Here we have people who have only experienced a small portion of time during their lives, who have no concept of what it would be like to live for an extended time scale, who usually have no desire for suicide and who generally find their lives worthwhile claiming that they know that sometime far into the distant future, they would lose the will to live. No one can know this, and to embrace a life that ends in age and death on the basis of this unfounded assumption is intellectually ridiculous.
The third fatally (both literally and figuratively) misunderstands the human condition. Most people are not, in their day to day lives, acutely aware that they will age and die. Acute awareness of age and death would be a tremendous distraction–we would have to justify every second of our lives, live every day as if it were our last, and so on. No one does this. People waste and squander vast portions of their lives, seemingly oblivious that they will never regain the time and youth lost. 20-year olds take summer jobs, people sit in front of the TV for hours at a time, people often patiently wait for things, doing next to nothing in the meantime, people spend most of their lives sleeping or in jobs they don’t enjoy. These behaviors are not consistent with acute awareness of death. There are people who sell entire hours of their lives for a handful of dollars.
Young people are often said to have an invincibility complex–they do risky things and act with reckless disregard for the value of their own lives. Small children are often more or less unaware that death is real and that it’s coming for them, but they seem to be able to have fun and do things nonetheless. Children are often less patient than adults, more frustrated by time wasted and opportunities missed. Mortality has very little to do with human motivation.
All of these arguments are unjustifiable. Yet most people are wed to one or more of them. Why? Because right now you can’t be forever young, and previously in human history, you’ve never been able to. Most of us don’t expect the futurists to be right, we don’t expect it to be a real option, and even if it were, we would be afraid to be among the first to experiment with it. At the same time, human beings have a profound fear of death, and we have to come to terms with it. So what do we do? We self-justify, we rationalize, we defend our own status quo.
Any argument that justifies the way things are, most human beings are inclined to accept and promote, because most people are creatures of the here and now, of the status quo. There are numerous civilizations and cultures all over the world, many of which differ from each other in a variety of ways, but no matter which one you visit, no matter what their cultural practices are, you can expect the majority of its citizens to be predisposed to justify those practices. It doesn’t matter if it’s human sacrifice, stoning people, universal health care, private health care, Christianity, Islam, secularism, fascism, communism, free market capitalism, any value, any practice, any ideology. If it is the dominant idea, there will be a plurality who will defend it.
Not only will they defend it, but they will defend it with heavy confirmation bias. They will slander better alternatives, assuming that they all lead to slippery slopes, or that they are all equivalent to boogie-man ideas that have acquired a taboo from generations of use as such. They will fear-monger, frightening people with imagined dystopias. The status quo acquires the characteristics of a default. Alternatives have to justify themselves, but the status quo is accepted because it exists, and if it exists it is just assumed that there must be something to it. Most people argue about politics and philosophy reliant almost entirely on the notion that because they are they ought to be. Everything else is, for them, window-dressing. Just ways to make themselves feel good about the ideas they mindlessly espouse.
People want desperately to believe that the world in which they live is a good world, and they will make a litany of excuses for its defects. Most of the major religions around today derive their primary appeal from convincing people that their deaths are benign events that lead to paradises. Does it not strike them as a rather convenient belief? The most horrible, most fearsome element of being human, death, is to be dismissed as not only not bad, but even benign, as something that leads to a “better place”? It sounds like something a people would tell themselves as a coping mechanism, not the world we live in. In the real world, bad things happen, and they don’t happen for any benign ulterior motive. They happen because our world is imperfect, and our world is imperfect because we prefer to justify its imperfections to ourselves and others rather than address them.
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Published: June 30, 2013
Filed Under: Politics
Tags: Confirmation Bias : Conservatism : Futurism : Immortality : Rationalization : Ray Kurzweil : Religion
4 Comments to “Forever Young”
Invisible Mikey says:
June 30, 2013 at 5:55 pm
When I was your age, I wasn’t very thoughtful, so I enjoyed reading this and trying to imagine what reaction I would have had as myself at that age. I’ll be 60 in a few months. I’ve grown to enjoy observing change cycles, in the bodies of people I know, in history, the circles of life and death and rebirth (through wisdom and experience). I wouldn’t want anything to go on forever, self included, without decay and entropy. Even as my body trends toward death, my mind is more fulfilled by far than it was in my 20s. At some point I’ll be split in two and the physical machine will quit. It doesn’t bother me not really knowing what will come after that, if anything. Keeping the body at a stasis point would be like becoming a vampire – opted out of the death cycle. Sounds like an awful fate.
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Benjamin Studebaker says:
June 30, 2013 at 6:29 pm
I certainly agree that mental growth is worthwhile, though I’m not certain we need to age to gain that growth–we could gain it through an ageless passage of time, during which we experienced existence. A person who lives forever may look 20, but he would have the experience and mental complexity of someone much older, but without any of the decay in capacity we associate with that age. I have known many people to admire decay–the changing of the leaves in the fall, for instance–but I wonder if that admiration is grounded in self-justifying one’s own decay rather than any worthwhile elements of the decay itself.
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Invisible Mikey says:
June 30, 2013 at 6:44 pm
There’s an amusing film by Robert Zemeckis called “Death Becomes Her” that relates to this subject. It’s black comedy, but it does feature an elixir that will keep one forever young, freed from the cycle of physical death. The result is that the two central female frenemies have to keep cosmetically patching each other up to obscure the accumulation of injuries they get over time.
Forever Young | Imagine, Believe, and Dream on says:
November 14, 2014 at 2:40 am
[…] Counter Argument: https://benjaminstudebaker.com/2013/06/30/forever-young/ […]
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So "Brianna Wu" (famous for gamergate) is trending, and because I love punishment, I clicked on it to see why. Apparently she tweeted that Elon Musk's plan to go to the moon is bad, because once there he can drop rocks on the Earth with the power of 100s of nuclear bombs. People are mocking her for the stupidity of this.
But the math checks out.
First of all, she probably got the idea from Heinlein's book The Moon is a Harsh Mistress where the rebel moon colonists do just that. I doubt she did her own math, and relied upon Heinlein to do it for her. But let's do the math ourselves.
Let's say that we want to stand at the height of the moon and drop a rock. How big a rock do we need to equal the energy of an atomic bomb? To make things simple, let's assume the size of bombs we want is that of the one dropped on Hiroshima.
As we know from high school physics, the energy of a dropped object (ignoring air) is:
energy = 0.5 * mass * velocity * velocity
Solving for mass (the size of the rock), the equation is:
mass = 2 * energy/(velocity * velocity)
We choose "energy" as that of an atomic bomb, but what is "velocity" in this equation, the speed of something dropped from the height of the moon?
The answer is something close to the escape velocity, which is defined as the speed of something dropped infinitely far away from the Earth. The moon isn't infinitely far away (only 250,000 miles away), but it's close.
How close? Well, let's use the formula for escape velocity from Wikipedia [*]:
where G is the "gravitational constant", M is the "mass of Earth", and r is the radius. Plugging in "radius of earth" and we get an escape velocity from the surface of the Earth of 11.18 km/s, which matches what Google tells us. Plugging in the radius of the moon's orbit, we get 1.44 km/s [*]. Thus, we get the following as the speed of an object dropped from the height of the moon to the surface of the earth, barring air resistance [*]:
9.74 km/s
Plugging these numbers in gets the following result:
So the answer for the mass of the rock, dropped from the moon, to equal a Hiroshima blast, is 1.3 billion grams, or 1.3 million kilograms, or 1.3 thousand metric tons.
Well, that's a fine number and all, but what does that equal? Is that the size of Rhode Island? or just a big truck?
The answer is: nearly the same mass as the Space Shuttle during launch (2.03 million kilograms [*]). Or, a rock about 24 feet on a side.
That's big rock, but not so big that it's impractical, especially since things weigh 1/6th as on Earth. In Heinlein's books, instead of shooting rocks via rockets, it shot them into space using a railgun, magnetic rings. Since the moon doesn't have an atmosphere, you don't need to shoot things straight up. Instead, you can accelerate them horizontally across the moon's surface, to an escape velocity of 5,000 mph (escape velocity from moon's surface). As the moon's surface curves away, they'll head out into space (or toward Earth)
Thus, Elon Musk would need to:
go the moon
setup a colony, underground
mine iron ore
build a magnetic launch gun
build fields full of solar panels for energy
mine some rock
cover it in iron (for magnet gun to hold onto)
bomb earth
At that point, he could drop hundreds of "nukes" on top of us. I, for one, would welcome our Lunar overlords. Free Luna!
Update: I've made a number of short cuts, but I don't think they'll affect the math much.
We don't need escape velocity for the moon as a whole, just enough to reach the point where Earth's gravity takes over. On the other hand, we need to kill the speed of the Moons's orbit (2,000 miles per hour) in order to get down to Earth, or we just end up orbiting the Earth. I just assume the two roughly cancel each other out and ignore it.
I also ignore the atmosphere. Meteors from outer space hitting the earth of this size tend to disintegrate or blow up before reaching the surface. The Chelyabinsk meteor, the one in all those dashcam videos from 2013, was roughly 5 times the size of our moon rocks, and blew up in the atmosphere, high above the surface, with about 5 times the energy of a Hiroshima bomb. Presumably, we want our moon rocks to reach the surface, so they'll need some protection. Probably make them longer and thinner, and put an ablative heat shield up from, and wrap them in something strong like iron.
I don't know how much this will slow down the rock. Presumably, if coming straight down, it won't slow down by much, but if coming in at a steep angle (as meteors do), then it could slow down quite a lot.
Update: First version of this post used "height of moon", which Wolfram Alfa interpreted as "diameter of moon". This error was found by @hiergiltdiestfu. The current version of this post changes this to the correct value "radius of moon's orbit".
Update: I made a stupid error about Earth's gravitational strength at the height of the Moon's orbit. I've changed the equations to fix this.
By Robert Graham
5 comments:
newt0311 said...
I'd call this bullshit but I'm not used to bullshit being this obviously bullshit-ty...
For starters, the radius of the earth is ~4k miles. The distance from the Earth to the moon is ~240k miles. I'm not sure where you got the idea that the Earth's gravity on the moon was the same as Earth's gravity on Earth's surface but it is complete nonsense by a factor of ~3600x.
I don't have any stake in Brianna's statements or your statements or Elon Musk's supposed plans for world domination and normally I wouldn't normally comment on such things but your post blows through a rather startling number of basic common-sense checks.
1. If the Earth's gravity was roughly the same on the moon as it is on the earth's surface then Neil Armstrong wouldn't have been able to walk on the moon! After all, the pull towards Earth would have been six times as strong as the pull toward's the moon's surface.
2. Can we get a space-shuttle sized object to the moon? Probably though it might be expensive. Can we get an object 1/100 the size of the space-shuttle to the moon? Almost certainly yes though again it might be expensive. Do we have any rockets in space that can put out the same amount of energy as a hundred nuclear warheads? One nuclear warhead? As much energy as the Little Boy? Hell no. Especially when you start accounting for the oxidizer volume. Since getting to the moon takes more energy than falling back, that itself tells us that dropping a space shuttle from the moon to earth will not result in a 100x nuclear explosion.
3. The moon's gravity is 1/6th of Earth's, not say 1/1000th. Anything that you drop on the Earth will need to be lifted from the moon which implies a linear relationship between the amount of energy spent moon-side and the amount of energy released Earth-side (I think...). This point is a bit sketchy because I haven't done the math on this but I'm fairly sure it is correct. Of course the moon's gravity is 1/6th of Earth so there's some benefit but it isn't more than an order of magnitude or two. The real benefit is that the moon rocks apparatus can spend months building up the energy on the moon and it will be released in an instant when the rock hits earth... But you know, that can also be done on Earth (kinetic warheads in LEO for example). All going to the moon gets you is the large but mostly unusable store of potential energy in the moon's sheer mass. The massive logistical issues inherent in such an enterprise are probably not worth it.
I strongly suspect it would be a lot easier for Elon to just buy some third-world country and some PMCs and setup Musk-topia there. Certainly recruitment would be a lot easier when it doesn't involve a literal trip to the moon.
Finally if somebody really wanted to setup an orbital bombardment system I think the place they'd want to look at is the asteroid belt. Each individual asteroid is a lot smaller and already it's own piece so there's no need for expensive mining equipment, just some propellor stages (perhaps the Orion project has contributions to make). The asteroids could be brought into Earth orbit for ostensibly legitimate purposes and then forced into a decaying orbit whenever the controlling entity felt like it. Feels like we should be more worried about the Deep Space Mining company instead.
12:08 PM
Anupam Kapoor said...
heinlien proposed this in 'moon is a harsh mistress' where the protagonist (mike the sentient computer) claims: 'But we can throw rocks at Earth, Man. We will.'
10:11 AM
newt0311 said...
Um... not quite?
So let's see...
We can model this as two objects, the earth and the moon. Let's for the sake of this discussion say that they are stationary and the atmosphere, etc... is not relevant. Our hypothetical weapon starts with a rock on the surface of the moon, gives it just enough energy to get to the gravitational equilibrium point between the earth and moon and then Earth's gravity takes over from there. Let x be the distance from earth's center to the moon's center. So x varies from 0 to ~250k miles (we'll call the latter number d_me).
Then for any given x, the potential energy of the rock is*:
U_r(x) = U_e(x) + U_m(x) = -G m_r (m_e / x + m_m / (d_me - x))
U_r is the potential energy of the rock.
U_e, U_m are the potential energy contributions of the earth and the moon (resp.)
G is the gravitational constant.
m_r, m_e, m_m are the mass of the rock, earth, and moon (resp.)
Now we need to find the equilibrium point x_e. For this, we just need the force from earth's and moon's gravity to be equal:
G m_e m_r / x_e^2 = G m_m m_r / (d_me - x_e)^2
This simplifies to:
x_e = d_me * sqrt(m_e) / (sqrt(m_e) +/- sqrt(m_m))
It is clear that we want the (+) solution because the other one is past both the earth and the moon. Note also that this is the point where U_r is maximized which makes intuitive sense (it takes energy input to get the rock to this point). I get x_e = 3.332e8 meters which corresponds to about 0.9 * d_me.
So at the equilibrium point, all the energy of the rock is the potential energy U_r. Then when this rock actually hits, x = r_e (radius of earth) and U_r is much smaller and the rest is kinetic energy. So E_e, the energy of the explosion is:
E_e = U_r(x_e) - U_r(r_e)
After some math, we get:
E_e = G m_r(m_e / r_e + m_m / (d_me - r_e) - m_e / x_e - m_m / (d_me - x_e)) = m_r * 6.125e7 J.
Note that the implied velocity is ~11 km/s so that part of your post is roughly right.
But recall point #3 I made in my original comment: the weapon still needs to accelerate the rock to get it to the equilibrium point! The energy for that is:
E_m = U_r(x_e) - U_r(d_me - r_m)
By now it should be pretty obvious that all of this is linear in the mass of the rock. If we look at E_e / E_m, we get 23.78 independent of the mass of the rock in question.
So it may be possible to cause a 100x nuclear explosion on earth but it would take 4.2 nukes worth of energy on the moon to do it. Assuming unrealistically ideal conditions.
Maybe asteroid bombardment is still feasible?
Side note: apparently I was wrong about rocket thrusts and whether we can get a space-shuttle sized object to the moon. Ah well...
* This website has a good explanation for gravitational potential energy: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/gpot.html
12:07 PM
Sys-Error said...
Thank you for nerding out for us. Breaking out my slide rule for this one!
1:39 AM
Unknown said...
BRB, making a Minecraft mod
9:37 PM
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Did you know that 30 million adults suffer from thyroid imbalance? Thyroid dysfunction often goes undetected due to a lack of proper testing and symptoms that can be closely related to other health issues. The American Thyroid Association estimates that as many as 60% of people with thyroid disease are not aware that they have an issue with their thyroid function. However, thyroid dysfunctions can progress over time if undetected and can lead to many severe illnesses like hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer. Thus, thyroid testing is necessary to weed out any debilitating diseases that could be impacting your health.
What is the Thyroid?
The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped hormone gland located at the base of your neck that is responsible for the body’s metabolism and other functions by releasing a steady amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.
A wide range of factors such as genetics, hormone imbalances, mineral deficiencies, and environmental pollutants can interfere with thyroid production. The best thing you can do is get your thyroid tested to make sure there are no imbalances in your levels. If imbalances are found, it’s best to treat them before your symptoms and hormone levels worsen.
What Are the Symptoms of Thyroid Imbalances and Disorders?
Statistics show that women are seven times more likely than men to develop thyroid problems, facing a one in five chance of developing a problem particularly during the perimenopausal years when hormones start to fluctuate. However, women and men of all ages can be affected by a thyroid imbalance. The most common illnesses associated with thyroid imbalances are hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Below are typical symptoms of each to be on the lookout for:
Hypothyroidism
Weight gain or inability to lose weight despite exercise and diet
Feeling cold all the time (when others don’t)
Low energy and stamina, especially in the evening
Memory lapses or slow/fuzzy thinking
Dry, thinning, itchy skin
Dry or brittle hair and nails
Hair loss
Irregular bowel habits
Menstrual irregularities
Hyperthyroidism
Sudden or significant weight loss
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Sweating
Nervousness or irritability
Hypothyroidism can be caused by a number of factors like radiation therapy, thyroid surgery, an iodine deficiency, and some medications. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Hashimoto’s occurs when the body develops antibodies that attack the thyroid gland and suppress thyroid functioning. People with hypothyroidism usually need to be on medication for the rest of their lives to treat their symptoms and balance their thyroid levels.
Hyperthyroidism is the opposite of hypothyroidism and occurs when the thyroid is overproducing thyroid hormones, specifically the hormone thyroxine (T4). Causes of hyperthyroidism can range from hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, or the autoimmune disease called Graves Disease. The antibodies associated with Graves Disease actually override the normal regulation of the thyroid and cause the gland to produce thyroid hormones excessively. Again, most people with hyperthyroidism will need to treat their symptoms and hormone imbalance with medication.
Getting tested for a thyroid imbalance is extremely important for people of all ages and genders. Pregnant women are most at risk due to the problems thyroid diseases can cause to an unborn fetus – miscarriages, congenital hypothyroidism, and birth defects can occur if the thyroid hormones are not properly balanced.
How Do I Test my Thyroid for an Imbalance?
At Cherokee Customs Rx, we offer a minimally invasive Thyroid Imbalance Test that checks whether or not your thyroid hormone levels are within normal range. All it takes is a finger prick – no blood draw! Below is a list of all the hormones we test and what each hormone indicates:
TSH
Produced by the pituitary gland, TSH acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate production of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4).
Free T4 – Thyroxine
The predominant hormone produced by the thyroid gland, T4 is converted to its active form, T3, within cells.
Total T4 – Thyroxine
Total T4 includes both free T4 and protein-bound T4, and is an indicator of the thyroid gland’s ability to synthesize, process and release T4 into the bloodstream.
Free T3 – Triiodothyronine
T3 is the active thyroid hormone that regulates the metabolic activity of cells.
TPOab – Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies
Thyroid peroxidase is an enzyme involved in thyroid hormone production. The body produces antibodies, including TPOab, that attack the thyroid gland in autoimmune thyroiditis and Hashimoto’s. Testing TPOab levels can diagnose these conditions.
Tgbn – Thyroglobulin
A protein rich in tyrosine, the residues of which when bound to iodine become the building blocks of T3 and T4. If iodine levels are low, thyroglobulin accumulates, thus high levels indicate insufficient iodine for healthy thyroid function.
If you have any of the symptoms listed above, are pregnant, or are planning to become pregnant, we recommend testing your thyroid levels. Reach out to us to find out more about our tests and how we can help keep your health on track at our Health Testing contact page.
January 5, 2021
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On Tuesday 30 November 2021, Luxembourg's Ministry of Health reported 171 new COVID-19 (coronavirus)...
Paulette Lenert to Take Over as Deputy Prime Minister
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International Bazaar
Friday, 26 November 2021 00:00 - Sunday, 28 November 2021 00:00
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Her Royal Highness the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg will officially open this year's International Bazaar (Bazar International de Luxembourg) on Saturday 27 November 2021 at LuxExpo The Box in Luxembourg-Kirchberg.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event did not take place last year. The organisers noted that even this year it has been a challenge; it was not until summer 2021 that they decided it would definitely go ahead, meaning that "what usually takes between six and nine months to create has now been done in less than three".
The International Bazaar is entirely run by volunteers. It takes about 1,500 people to get the event together: to construct and decorate the stands, to search for and buy products to be sold, to prepare food and organise tombolas (raffles), among other things.
The success of the event is ultimately defined by how much money can be donated to the charities that are selected anew, every year.
For the very first time, the International Bazaar is opening its doors the evening before for a "sneak-preview". Those who cannot wait for the doors to officially open on Saturday 27 November at 10:00, can start their weekend on Friday 26 November at 18:00 with after work drinks and early bird shopping. The event will continue on Sunday 28 November.
This year's edition of the International Bazaar is taking place as a CovidCheck event. Entry is only possible after a QR code check (vaccinated, recovered or officially tested negative); a full list of requirements is available online at www.bazar-international.lu. Inside LuxExpo, various hygiene and safety measures are in place.
Entry is free but visitors are required to choose a time slot in advance. The booking system can be found on the websites of LuxExpo The Box: www.thebox.lu and the International Bazaar. Anyone who shows up spontaneously will have to buy a ticket for a fee at the entrance of LuxExpo.
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Sports Sports media Coaching College sports Men's basketball Men's sports Basketball COVID-19 pandemic Coronavirus Infectious diseases Diseases and conditions Health Lung disease Women's sports College basketball Men's college basketball Media
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COVID-19 concerns prompt Stringer to skip Big Ten media day
By MICHAEL MAROT - Oct. 07, 2021 05:34 PM EDT
Nebraska men's head coach Fred Hoiberg addresses the media during the first day of the Big Ten NCAA college basketball media days, Thursday, Oct. 7, 2021, in Indianapolis. (AP Photo/Doug McSchooler)
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INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — Rutgers women's basketball coach C. Vivian Stringer gave associate head coach Tim Eatman a clear, concise message for the Big Ten's traditional media day.
Focus on basketball — not her absence.
It was a virtually impossible task for Eatman, the replacement for the 73-year-old Stringer who skipped the event because of COVID-19 concerns.
“Right before I left, she said to me, ‘Tim, do not let this press conference be about me. Keep the press conference focused on the players and the team,'" he said. “I said, ‘OK.' I took a deep breath and I said to myself, ‘Good luck with that, Timothy Eatman.'"
Stringer is a member of the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame, the fifth-winningest coach (1,055) of all-time and the first Black coach with 1,000 victories. She's a four-time Final Four participant and has a giant national presence.
Eatman also filled in the other two times Stringer sat it out — first because of her mother's death and later while on a leave of absence for exhaustion.
This time, it was about her family's health.
Team spokesman Mark Choquette explained Stringer was worried about the lack of testing this season compared with last season, the highly contagious nature of the delta variant and her desire not to transmit the disease to her 40-year-old daughter, who has required special care since contracting spinal meningitis at age 2.
Stringer also has not been running practice or offseason workouts. Eatman has.
“I personally don't think there's going to be any difference," forward Osh Brown said. “Her blueprint speaks to every single one of us."
Rutgers has finished third in league play two of the last three years and has won 535 games and made 18 NCAA Tournament appearances in Stringer's 26 seasons.
Eatman served as acting head coach for the final six regular-season games at the end of the 2018-19 season, leading Rutgers to its first Big Ten Tournament championship game and into the NCAA tourney.
“No one can fill her role," guard Lasha Petree said. “But this is definitely the team she trusts with coach Eatman and the other assistants."
BACK HOME AGAIN
Fred Hoiberg has made two trips back to Indianapolis since becoming Nebraska's coach. On Thursday, he returned to the Indiana Pacers' home court — the team he started his NBA career with.
Hoiberg never played in this venue but in March 2020, it was here Hoiberg became visibly ill during a Big Ten Tournament game against the Hoosiers. He went to a nearby hospital and though he didn't have COVID-19, it turned out to be the final game of the tourney because of the pandemic.
Still, an Indy trip always brings back special memories for Hoiberg.
“When I walked in, I saw a picture of Mel Daniels, who is really the guy that drafted me," he said. “To see Reggie Miller’s name up there. Roger Brown, Slick Leonard, to see his picture, such a great person and a guy that I had a lot of wonderful times with. Always have great memories of this place. We loved it here. We loved our time."
CHANGING TIMES
Big Ten Commissioner Kevin Warren wanted to give the women's and men's teams equal time this week so he changed the schedule. The women's coaches spoke first, followed by the men's coach from the same school and during breakout sessions, coaches and players spoke at the same time.
Most welcomed the decision, which Warren said would be replicated at men's and women's events in other sports.
“I definitely think it's about time, the same days as the men," Petree said. “Equality, that's a huge thing."
REPLACING LUKA
Iowa coach Fran McCaffery might have the Big Ten's toughest job — replacing conference player of the year Luka Garza.
It's not just about finding a fill-in for his productivity. McCaffery needs to find someone who can consistently deliver in clutch moments, too.
“He was so gifted at understanding whatever we were doing," McCaffery said. “You take that for granted after a while. When you have him for four years, it makes coaching easier. Who is going to step into that role? We don’t have anyone 6-foot-11 that’s going to average 20 points a game."
OUT OF ACTION
Iowa center Sharon Goodman is expected to miss the entire season after suffering a torn anterior cruciate ligament during the Hawkeyes' first practice, coach Lisa Bluder said Thursday.
Freshman Addison O'Grady is expected to replace the 6-foot-3 sophomore as the primary backup to center Monika Czinano.
“That was a big loss," Bluder said. “Sharon was playing great. Last year she shot 55% from the field, she was a tremendous backup to Monika because she was so strong. She was playing at a better level this year, this summer, than last year. I was really expecting big things from Sharon."
___
More AP college basketball: https://apnews.com/hub/College-basketball and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25
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Urge Congress to pass the Paycheck Fairness Act (H.R. 7, S. 205) which would strengthen the 1963 Equal Pay Act and take additional steps to end gender-based wage disparities. Fifty-eight years after enactment of the Equal Pay Act, and over a decade after signing the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, the promise of equal pay for equal work remains unfulfilled. Furthermore, the wage gap is even larger for women of color. On average, Black women earn just 63 cents, Native American women just 60 cents, and Latinas just 55 cents for every dollar a white man earns.
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many women to leave the workforce to care for family during stay-at-home orders, or they have been the most at-risk of sickness because of employment as essential workers, often underpaid and undervalued. Women made up one-half of the workforce in 2020, yet 70 percent of America’s poor are women and children.
Equal pay is not simply a woman’s issue, it is a family issue and an anti-poverty issue. Women also have been hit hardest by the COVID-19 pandemic causing many women to lose their jobs or leave the workforce to stay home with children unable to attend in-person school.
As the economy slowly recovers from the pandemic, now is the time to make sure that women can return to the workforce or enter the workforce without discrimination.
The bill bans retaliation against workers who voluntarily discuss or disclose their wages, provides effective remedies for women who are not given equal pay for equal work, and requires employers to prove that pay disparities exist for legitimate, job-related reasons. The bill makes it illegal for an employer to rely on an employee’s wage history in the hiring process, and allows employees to automatically participate in class action lawsuits against systemic pay discrimination, unless they opt-out. The bill also creates a negotiation and skills training program, and improves the Department of Labor and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s tools for enforcing the Equal Pay Act.
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Reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)
Time to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act, devoting comprehensive resources to local communities by enhancing and expanding prevention programs and services to survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence, and stalking.
Family Violence Prevention and Services Act Reauthorization
Domestic violence programs nationwide need critical funding and technical support. Hotlines and shelters must be available and properly staffed to meet the needs of families. This is an important time to invest heavily in family violence prevention.
Service Dogs for Veterans
Service dogs trained to support veterans helped significantly reduce PTSD symptoms according to a recent study by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Time to establish a pilot program giving veterans the opportunity to train and adopt service dogs.
Protect Funding for Victims of Crime
Urge Senators to enact H.R. 1652, the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) bill to increase deposits and restore critical funding to the Crime Victims Fund which provides grants to state and local programs that assist victims of crime.
Fund Global Vaccination Efforts
Urge Congress to fully fund immunization programs in FY 2022. The United States plays a vital role in the lives of children around the world. Support the CDC’s polio and measles programs, and funding for global childhood immunizations.
Increase Funds to Prevent Child Abuse
It is time for Congress to reauthorize the bipartisan Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act programs, and appropriate $750 million funding for Community-Based Child Abuse Prevention grants.
Equal Pay for Equal Work
Full time working women make $.82 compared to every $1.00 a man makes. The wage gap persists in nearly every line of work, regardless of education, experience, occupation, industry, or job title, and is even larger for women of color.
Time for Women to have Equal Rights
It’s time for women to have equal rights under the law! Urge Congress to remove the deadline for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the U.S. Constitution and reaffirm congressional support for women’s equality.
End Campus Sexual Assault
Victims of sexual assault require specialized medical treatment and counseling services. Campus sexual assault survivors suffer high rates of PTSD, depression, and drug or alcohol abuse which can hamper both the ability to succeed in school and future employment. Educational equity for women and girls requires fair, responsive, fully developed campus sexual assault policies, knowledgeable administrators, and ultimately, an end to sexual violence on college campuses.
Reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act
It’s time to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act, H.R. 1620, devoting resources to local communities by enhancing and expanding prevention programs and services to survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence, and stalking.
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From 1963 to 1982, researchers in New York City, New York, carried out a randomized trial of mammography screening. Mammography is the use of X-ray technology to find breast cancer at early stages. The private insurance company Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York, or HIP, collaborated with researchers Sam Shapiro, Philip Strax, and Louis Venet on the trial. The researchers’ goal was to determine whether mammography screening reduced breast cancer mortality in women. The study included sixty thousand women aged forty to sixty-four.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
The Discovery of p53 Protein
The p53 protein acts as a pivotal suppressor of inappropriate cell proliferation. By initiating suppressive effects through induction of apoptosis, cell senescence, or transient cell-cycle arrest, p53 plays an important role in cancer suppression, developmental regulation, and aging. Its discovery in 1979 was a product of research into viral etiology and the immunology of cancer. The p53 protein was first identified in a study of the role of viruses in cancer through its ability to form a complex with viral tumor antigens.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
Thesis: Timeline of Changes in Mammography Guidelines in the United States
Breast cancer affects about 12% of women in the US. Arguably, it is one of the most advertised cancers. Mammography became a popular tool of breast cancer screening in the 1970s, and patient-geared guidelines came from the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the US Preventative Task Force (USPSTF). This research focuses on ACS guidelines, as they were the earliest as well as the most changed guidelines. Mammography guidelines changed over time due to multiple factors. This research has tracked possible causes of those changes.
Format: Essays and Theses
Subject: Technologies, Experiments, Publications
Harald zur Hausen's Experiments on Human Papillomavirus Causing Cervical Cancer (1976–1987)
From 1977 to 1987, Harald zur Hausen led a team of researchers across several institutions in Germany to investigate whether the human papillomavirus (HPV) caused cervical cancer. Zur Hausen's first experiment tested the hypothesis that HPV caused cervical cancer rather than herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), the then accepted cause. His second and third experiments detailed methods to identify two previously unidentified HPV strains, HPV 16 and HPV 18, in cervical cancer tumor samples. The experiments showed that HPV 16 and 18 DNA were present in cervical tumor samples.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
HeLa Cell Line
The HeLa cell line was the first immortal human cell line that George Otto Gey, Margaret Gey, and Mary Kucibek first isolated from Henrietta Lacks and developed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1951. An immortal human cell line is a cluster of cells that continuously multiply on their own outside of the human from which they originated. Scientists use immortal human cell lines in their research to investigate how cells function in humans.
Format: Articles
Subject: Technologies, Experiments, People, Ethics
Shoukhrat Mitalipov and Masahito Tachibana’s Mitochondrial Gene Replacement in Primate Offspring and Embryonic Stem Cells (2009)
Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Masahito Tachibana, and their team of researchers replaced the mitochondrial genes of primate embryonic stem cells via spindle transfer. Spindle replacement, also called spindle transfer, is the process of removing the genetic material found in the nucleus of one egg cell, or oocyte, and placing it in another egg that had its nucleus removed. Mitochondria are organelles found in all cells and contain some of the cell’s genetic material. Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA can lead to neurodegenerative and muscle diseases.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
The British Doctors’ Study (1951–2001)
From 1951 to 2001, researchers at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, conducted the British Doctors’ Study, a study that examined the smoking habits, disease rates, and mortality rates of physicians in Britain. Two epidemiologists, scientists who study occurrence and distribution of disease, Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill, initiated the study, and statistician Richard Peto joined the team in 1971. The objective of the study was to assess the risks associated with tobacco use, and its relationship to lung cancer.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
"Transfer of Fetal Cells with Multilineage Potential to Maternal Tissue" (2004), by Kiarash Khosrotehrani et al.
In 2004, a team of researchers at Tufts-New England
Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, investigated the fetal
cells that remained in the maternal blood stream after pregnancy.
The results were published in Transfer of Fetal Cells with
Multilineage Potential to Maternal Tissue. The team working on that
research included Kiarash Khosrotehrani, Kirby L. Johnson, Dong
Hyun Cha, Robert N. Salomon, and Diana W. Bianchi. The researchers
reported that the fetal cells passed to a pregnant woman during
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments, Reproduction
"A Stochastic Model of Stem Cell Proliferation, Based on the Growth of Spleen Colony-Forming Cells” (1964) by James Till, Ernest McCulloch, and Louis Siminovitch
In 1964, authors James Till, Ernest McCulloch, and Louis Siminovitch, published A Stochastic Model of Stem Cell Proliferation, Based on The Growth of Spleen Colony-Forming Cells, which discussed possible mechanisms that control stem cell division. The authors wrote the article following their experiments with spleens of irradiated mice to demonstrate the existence of stem cells, had unknown properties.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
"In vitro Experiments on the Effects of Mouse Sarcomas 180 and 37 on the Spinal and Sympathetic Ganglia of the Chick Embryo" (1954), by Rita Levi-Montalcini, Viktor Hamburger, and Hertha Meyer
"In vitro Experiments on the Effects of Mouse Sarcomas 180 and 37 on the Spinal and Sympathetic Ganglia of the Chick Embryo" were experiments conducted by Rita Levi-Montalcini in conjunction with Viktor Hamburger and Hertha Meyer and published in Cancer Research in 1954. In this series of experiments, conducted at the University of Brazil, Levi-Montalcini demonstrated increased nerve growth by introducing specific tumors (sarcomas) to chick ganglia. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cells, from which nerve fibers emerge.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak's Telomere and Telomerase Experiments (1982-1989)
Experiments conducted by Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak from 1982 to 1989 provided theories of how the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres, and the enzyme that repairs telomeres, called telomerase, worked. The experiments took place at the Sidney Farber Cancer Institute and at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, and at the University of California in Berkeley, California. For their research on telomeres and telomerase, Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
The Meselson-Stahl Experiment (1957–1958), by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
In an experiment later named for them, Matthew Stanley Meselson and Franklin William Stahl in the US demonstrated during the 1950s the semi-conservative replication of DNA, such that each daughter DNA molecule contains one new daughter subunit and one subunit conserved from the parental DNA molecule. The researchers conducted the experiment at California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, California, from October 1957 to January 1958.
Format: Articles
Subject: Processes, Experiments
"Transplantation of Living Nuclei from Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs' Eggs" (1952), by Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King
In 1952 Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King published their article, "Transplantation of Living Nuclei from Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs' Eggs," in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the culmination of a series of experiments conducted at the Institute for Cancer Research and Lankenau Hospital Research Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In this paper Briggs and King examined whether nuclei of embryonic cells are differentiated, and by doing so, were the first to conduct a successful nuclear transplantation with amphibian embryos.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
Serial Cultivation of Human Diploid Cells in the Lab (1958–1961) by Leonard Hayflick and Paul S. Moorhead
From 1958 to 1961, Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead in the US developed a way in the laboratory to cultivate strains of human cells with complete sets of chromosomes. Previously, scientists could not sustain cell cultures with cells that had two complete sets of chromosomes like normal human cells (diploid). As a result, scientists struggled to study human cell biology because there was not a reliable source of cells that represented diploid human cells. In their experiments, Hayflick and Moorhead created lasting strains of human cells that retained both complete sets of chromosomes.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
James Edgar Till (1931– )
James Edgar Till is a biophysicist known for establishing the existence of stem cells along with Ernest McCulloch in 1963. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can shift, or differentiate, into specialized types of cells and serve as a repair system in the body by dividing indefinitely to replenish other cells. Till’s work with stem cells in bone marrow, which produces the body’s blood cells, helped form the field of modern hematology, a medical discipline that focuses on diseases related to the blood.
Format: Articles
Subject: People, Experiments, Technologies
The China-US Study on the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects using Folic Acid (1999)
From 1993 to 1995 researchers led by Robert J. Berry from the US Centers for Disease Control headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, and Zhu Li from Beijing Medical University in Beijing, China, conducted a collaborative study in China on the prevention of neural tube defects or NTDs using folic acid supplements. NTDs are birth defects in which openings in the spinal cord or the brain that occur during early development remain after birth. Neural-tube formation occurs in early pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant and therefore before she has begun taking prenatal vitamins.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
"A Diffusible Agent of Mouse Sarcoma, Producing Hyperplasia of Sympathetic Ganglia and Hyperneurotization of Viscera in the Chick Embryo" (1953), by Rita Levi-Montalcini and Viktor Hamburger
"A Diffusible Agent of Mouse Sarcoma, Producing Hyperplasia of Sympathetic Ganglia and Hyperneurotization of Viscera in the Chick Embryo," by Rita Levi-Montalcini and Viktor Hamburger, appeared in 1953 in the Journal of Experimental Zoology. The paper provided the first evidence that nerve growth factor is a diffusible substance. Nerve growth promoting tumors were implanted into developing embryos to determine whether the tumors stimulated growth by direct contact or by a diffusible substance.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
"Selective Growth Stimulating Effects of Mouse Sarcoma on the Sensory and Sympathetic Nervous System of the Chick Embryo" (1951), by Rita Levi-Montalcini and Viktor Hamburger
In "Selective Growth Stimulating Effects of Mouse Sarcoma on the Sensory and Sympathetic Nervous System of the Chick Embryo," Rita Levi-Montalcini and Viktor Hamburger explored the effects of two nerve growth stimulating tumors; mouse sarcomas 180 and 37. This experiment led to the discovery that nerve growth factor was a diffusible chemical and later to discoveries that the compound was a protein. Although this paper was an important step in the discovery of nerve growth factor, the term "nerve growth factor" was not used in this paper.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
Clinical Tests of Estrogen Injections on Women with Abnormal Menstrual Cycles During the Early 1920s by Jean Paul Pratt and Edgar Allen
In the early twentieth century US, Jean Paul Pratt and Edgar Allen conducted clinical experiments on women who had abnormal menstrual cycles. During the clinical tests, researchers injected the hormone estrogen into their patients to alleviate their menstrual ailments, which ranged from irregular cycles to natural menopause. The hormone estrogen plays a prominent role in the menstrual cycle by signaling the tissue lining the uterus (endometrium) to thicken in preparation for possible pregnancy.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
"Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocytes" (1998), by James Thomson
After becoming chief pathologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin Regional Primate Center in 1995, James A. Thomson began his pioneering work in deriving embryonic stem cells from isolated embryos. That same year, Thomson published his first paper, "Isolation of a Primate Embryonic Stem Cell Line," in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, detailing the first derivation of primate embryonic stem cells. In the following years, Thomson and his team of scientists - Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor, Sander S. Shapiro, Michelle A.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments, Publications
Christopher Polge and Lionel Edward Aston Rowson’s Experiments on the Freezing of Bull Spermatozoa (1950–1952)
In 1952, researchers Christopher Polge and Lionel Edward Aston Rowson, who worked at the Animal Research Center in Cambridge, England, detailed several experiments on protocols for freezing bull semen for use in the artificial insemination of cows. Freezing sperm extends the life of a viable sperm sample and allows it to be used at later times, such as in artificial insemination. The researchers examined the effects of freezing conditions on bull sperm and how well they produce fertilized embryos once thawed.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
"Presence of Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma and Serum" (1997), by Dennis Lo, et al.
In the late 1990s researchers Yuk Ming Dennis Lo and his colleagues isolated fetal DNA extracted from pregnant woman’s blood. The technique enabled for more efficient and less invasive diagnoses of genetic abnormalities in fetuses, such as having too many copies of chromosomes.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
Action of MER-25 and of Clomiphene on the Human Ovary (1963)
Between 1958 and 1962, physicians Olive W. Smith, George V. Smith, and Robert W. Kistner performed experiments that demonstrated the effects of the drugs MER-25 and clomiphene citrate on the female human body. MER-25 and clomiphene citrate are drugs that affect estrogen production in women. At the time of the experiment, researchers did not know which organ or organs the drugs affected, the ovaries and/or the anterior pituitary gland.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
Frank Rattray Lillie's Study of Freemartins (1914-1920)
Frank Rattray Lillie's research on freemartins from 1914 to 1920 in the US led to the theory that hormones partly caused for sex differentiation in mammals. Although sometimes applied to sheep, goats, and pigs, the term freemartin most often refers to a sterile cow that has external female genitalia and internal male gonads and was born with a normal male twin.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
"Viable Offspring Derived from Fetal and Adult Mammalian Cells" (1997), by Ian Wilmut et al.
In the 1990s, Ian Wilmut, Jim McWhir, and Keith Campbell performed experiments while working at the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland. Wilmut, McWhir, and Campbell collaborated with Angelica Schnieke and Alex J. Kind at PPL Therapeutics in Roslin, a company researching cloning and genetic manipulation for livestock. Their experiments resulted in several sheep being born in July 1996, one of which was a sheep named Dolly born 5 July 1996.
Format: Articles
Subject: Experiments
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© 2021 Arizona Board of Regents
The Embryo Project at Arizona State University, 1711 South Rural Road, Tempe Arizona 85287, United States
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On 9 July 1990, in Moore v. Regents of the University of California, the Supreme Court of California ruled in a four-to-three decision that individuals do not have rights to a share in profits earned from research performed on their bodily materials. In its decision, the Supreme Court of California ruled that cancer patient John L. Moore did not have personal property rights to samples or fluids that his physicians took from his body for research purposes.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal, Ethics
United States v. University Hospital (1984)
The US 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals' 1984 decision United States v. University Hospital, State University Hospital of New York at Stony Brook set a significant precedent for affirming parental privilege to make medical decisions for handicapped newborns, while limiting the ability of the federal government to intervene. The ruling stemmed from the 1983 case involving an infant born with severe physical and mental congenital defects; the infant was only identified as Baby Jane Doe.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal, Reproduction
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
The landmark Supreme Court case, Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), gave women more control over their reproductive rights while also bringing reproductive and birth control issues into the public realm and more importantly, into the courts. Bringing these issues into the public eye allowed additional questions about the reproductive rights of women, such as access to abortion, to be asked. This court case laid the groundwork for later cases such as Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972) and Roe v. Wade (1973).
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal, Reproduction
“Women’s Right to Know” Informed Consent Informational Materials
As of 2021, twenty-eight US states have informed consent laws for abortion, which is a medical procedure to terminate pregnancy, often called Women’s Right to Know laws. Those laws often require the state government to develop informational materials that healthcare providers must give to women before an abortion. Informational materials generally include information about the process of fetal development, accompanied by illustrations or pictures, risks and effects of abortion, and alternatives to abortion.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act (1994)
On 26 May 1994, US President Bill Clinton signed the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act in to law, which federally criminalized acts of obstruction and violence towards reproductive health clinics. The law was a reaction to the increasing violence toward abortion clinics, providers, and patients during the 1990s. That violence included clinic blockades and protests, assaults on physicians and patients, and murders. The Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act established
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
In the 1989 case Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, the
US Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of a Missouri law regulating abortion care. The
Missouri law prohibited the use of public facilities, employees, or
funds to provide abortion counseling or services. The law also placed restrictions on physicians who provided
abortions. A group of physicians affected by the law challenged the
constitutionality of certain sections of it. The US federal district
court that first heard the case ruled many of the challenged sections of
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
United States v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries (1936)
In the 1936 case United States v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in New York City, New York, confirmed that physicians had the right to distribute contraceptives to patients for medical purposes. In January 1933, US Customs confiscated a package of contraceptives imported from Japan by US physician Hannah Stone.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Ferguson v. City of Charleston (2001)
The US Supreme Court case Ferguson v. City of Charleston (2001) established that public hospitals couldn't legally drug test pregnant women without their consent when those women sought prenatal care at those hospitals. The court held that such searches violated the pregnant women's protections under the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution. The decisions also indicated those circumstances that qualified as special needs exceptions to the Fourth Amendment, and it highlighted the extent to which pregnant women are sovereign individuals in the eyes of the Court. Ferguson v.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Golden Rice
Golden Rice was engineered from normal rice by Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer in the 1990s to help improve human health. Golden Rice has an engineered multi-gene biochemical pathway in its genome. This pathway produces beta-carotene, a molecule that becomes vitamin A when metabolized by humans. Ingo Potrykus worked at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and Peter Beyer worked at University of Freiburg, in Freiburg, Germany. The US Rockefeller Foundation supported their collaboration.
Format: Articles
Subject: Organisms, Legal
Hwang Woo-suk's Use of Human Eggs for Research 2002-2005
Hwang Woo-suk, a geneticist in South Korea, claimed in Science magazine in 2004 and 2005 that he and a team of researchers had for the first time cloned a human embryo and that they had derived eleven stem cell lines from it. Hwang was a professor at Seoul National University in Seoul, South Korea. In the Science articles, Hwang stated that all of the women who donated eggs to his laboratory were volunteers who donated their eggs (oocytes) without receiving any compensation in return. In 2006, Hwang admitted that many of the results were fabricated.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal, Ethics, Reproduction
In re Marriage of Witten (2003)
In re Marriage of Witten, decided by the Iowa Supreme Court in 2003, held that neither Tamera nor Arthur (Trip) Witten could use or destroy several cryopreserved preembryos created during their marriage using in vitro fertilization (IVF), unless the former couple could reach a mutual agreement. Tamera and Trip Witten, unable to conceive conventionally during their marriage, had attempted to start a family together using IVF at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) in Omaha, Nebraska.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Barry Morris Goldwater (1909–1998)
Barry Morris Goldwater was a Republican Arizona Senator and US presidential candidate in the twentieth-century whose policies supported the women's reproductive rights movement. Goldwater, a businessman and Air Force reservist, transitioned into politics in the 1950s. He helped align popular support for a conservative Republican Party in the 1960s. Throughout his life, he worked to maintain personal liberty and to limit governmental intrusion into citizens' private lives. Goldwater, influenced by his wife Margaret (Peggy) Goldwater, supported women's rights to abortions.
Format: Articles
Subject: People, Reproduction, Legal, Religion
Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories (1980)
Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories was a 1980 California case that established the doctrine of market share liability for personal injury cases. For such liability, when a drug causes personal injury and the manufacturer of the drug cannot be identified, each producer is responsible for paying the settlement in proportion to the percentage of the market they supplied. Judith Sindell and Maureen Rogers brought the case against the producers of diethylstilbestrol (DES), which their mothers had taken during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage and other complications.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Jeter v. Mayo (2005)
In Jeter v. Mayo, the Court of Appeals of Arizona in 2005 held that a cryopreserved, three-day-old pre-embryo is not a person for purposes of Arizona's wrongful death statutes, and that the Arizona Legislature was best suited to decide whether to expand the law to include cryopreserved pre-embryos. The Court of Appeals affirmed a decision by the Maricopa County Superior Court to dismiss a couple's wrongful death claim after the Mayo Clinic (Mayo) allegedly lost or destroyed several of their cryopreserved pre-embryos.
Format: Articles
Subject: Reproduction, Legal
Title X Family Planning Program (1970–1977)
The Family Planning Services and Public Research Act of 1970, often called Title X Family Planning Program, is a US federal law that provides federal funding for family planning services to low income or uninsured families. The US federal government passed the law, Public Law 91-572, in 1970 as an amendment to the Public Health Services Act of 1944. The Act created the Office of Population Affairs (OPA) under the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (here called the Secretary).
Format: Articles
Subject: Reproduction, Legal
Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson, Inc., v. Marks (1972)
In the 1972 case Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson, Inc., v. Marks, the Arizona Court of Appeals required the Arizona Superior Court to rehear the case Planned Parenthood Association v. Nelson (1971) and issue a decision on the constitutionality of Arizona's abortion laws. In 1971, the Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson filed the case Planned Parenthood Association v. Nelson asking for the US District Court to rule on the constitutionality of the Arizona Revised Statutes 13-211, 13-212, and 13-213, which made it illegal for anyone to advertise, provide, or receive an abortion.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942)
In 1942, the United States Supreme Court Case of Skinner v. Oklahoma ruled that states could not legally sterilize those inmates of prisons deemed habitual criminals. Skinner v. Oklahoma was about the case of Jack Skinner, an inmate of the Oklahoma State Penitentiary in McAlester, Oklahoma, who was subject to sterilization under the Oklahoma Habitual Criminal Sterilization Act of 1935. The case, decided on 1 June 1942, determined that state laws were unconstitutional if those laws enabled states to forcibly sterilize inmates deemed to be habitual criminals.
Format: Articles
Subject: Ethics, Legal
Tucson Woman's Clinic v. Eden (2004)
The case Tucson Woman's Clinic v. Eden (2004) established that some of Arizona's abortion clinic laws violated physicians' and patients' rights to privacy, and it required those laws to be rewritten. The laws required most abortion providers to be licensed with the Arizona Department of Health Services and to submit to all the regulations the Department established for abortion clinics. The regulations allowed the state to search abortion clinics without warrants and to access patient records and ultrasound prints, among other provisions.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Isaacson v. Horne (2013)
In the 2013 case Isaacson v. Horne, the US Court of Appeals in the Ninth Circuit ruled that Arizona House Bill (HB) 2036, which prohibited abortions after twenty weeks of gestation, was unconstitutional. The Arizona State Legislature passed the law in 2012, which was then challenged by three physicians who filed a lawsuit against the state, arguing that the law violated women's constitutionally protected rights to abortions, rights that may only be infringed once fetuses are viable outside of the womb.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Simat Corp v. Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (2002)
In the 2002 case Simat Corp v. Arizona Health Care Containment System, the Arizona Supreme Court ruled that the Arizona Health Care Containment System must pay for abortions when they are necessary to preserve the health of pregnant women in the system. In the case, the Court ruled that the Arizona Revised Statutes 35-196.02 and the Arizona Health Care Containment System (AHCCCS) policies, which banned public funds from being used for abortions, were unconstitutional. AHCCCS is Arizona's Medicaid insurance system, which enables low-income residents to receive medical care.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Nelson v. Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson (1973)
The 1973 case Nelson v. Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson established the legality of abortion in Arizona. The Arizona Court of Appeals ruled that the Arizona Revised Statutes 13-211, 13-212, and 13-213, collectively called the Arizona abortion statutes, were unconstitutional. The statutes had made illegal receiving, providing, or advertising abortions. After the Arizona Appeals Court heard the case, it decided that the Arizona abortion statutes were constitutional. However, two weeks later the US Supreme Court decided in Roe v.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
US Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program
In 1996, the US Congress mandated that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) create and regulate the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program. The program tests industrial and agricultural chemicals for hormonal impacts in humans and in wildlife that may disrupt organisms' endocrine systems. The endocrine system regulates the release of small amounts of chemical substances called hormones to keep the body functioning normally.
Format: Articles
Subject: Disorders, Legal, Ethics
Forbes v. Napolitano (2000)
Forbes v. Napolitano (2000) was a US court case that established that Arizona researchers could use fetal tissues from induced abortions for basic scientific research, for instance, as a source of stem cells. The case challenged the constitutionality of the Arizona Revised Statute (ARS) 36-2303 in the Ninth Circuit US Court of Appeals, a law that banned researchers from using fetal tissues from abortions for any type of medical experimentation or investigation. The Ninth Circuit US Court of Appeals decision in Forbes v.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal
Thesis: Dismantling Legal Constraints to Contraception in the 1900s
In the late nineteenth century, the Comstock Act of 1873 made the distribution of contraception illegal and classified contraception as an obscenity. Reflecting the predominant attitude towards contraception at the time, the Comstock Act was the first federal anti-obscenity law that targeted contraception. However, social acceptance of birth control changed at the turn of the twentieth century. In this thesis, I analyzed legislation, advocates, and literature pertinent to that social change to report on the events leading up to the decriminalization of contraception.
Format: Essays and Theses
Subject: People, Legal, Reproduction
Weber v. Stony Brook Hospital (1983)
The New York Court of Appeals' 1983 case Weber v. Stony Brook set an important precedent upholding the right of parents to make medical decisions for newborns born with severe congenital defects. A pro-life New York attorney, Lawrence Washburn, attempted to legally intervene in the case of Baby Jane Doe, an infant born with disorders. When the infant's parents chose palliative care over intensive corrective surgery, Washburn made repeated attempts to have the New York courts force through the surgery.
Format: Articles
Subject: Legal, Reproduction
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© 2021 Arizona Board of Regents
The Embryo Project at Arizona State University, 1711 South Rural Road, Tempe Arizona 85287, United States
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James Patrick Anderton CNZM (born Byrne; 21 January 1938 – 7 January 2018) was a New Zealand politician who led a succession of left-wing parties after leaving the Labour Party in 1989.
The Honourable
Jim Anderton
CNZM
Anderton in 2010
15th Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand
In office
10 December 1999 – 15 August 2002
Prime Minister
Helen Clark
Preceded by
Wyatt Creech
Succeeded by
Michael Cullen
Leader of Progressive Party
In office
27 July 2002 – 15 March 2012
Deputy
Matt Robson
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
Position abolished
25th President of the Labour Party
In office
15 May 1979 – 8 September 1984
Preceded by
Arthur Faulkner
Succeeded by
Margaret Wilson
Member of the New Zealand Parliament
for Wigram
Sydenham (1984–1993)
In office
14 July 1984 – 26 November 2011
Preceded by
John Kirk
Succeeded by
Megan Woods
Majority
8,548[1]
Personal details
Born
James Patrick Byrne
(1938-01-21)21 January 1938
Auckland, New Zealand
Died
7 January 2018(2018-01-07) (aged 79)
Christchurch, New Zealand
Political party
Labour (1963–1989, 2011–2018)
NewLabour (1989–1991)
Alliance (1991–2002)
Progressive (2002–2011)
Spouse(s)
Carole Anderton
Profession
Businessman, politician
Signature
Anderton's political career began when he was elected to the Manukau City Council in 1965. After serving for five years as Labour Party president, Anderton successfully stood as the Labour candidate for Sydenham in Christchurch in 1984. However, he soon came into conflict with the party's leadership, and became an outspoken critic of the Fourth Labour Government's free-market reforms, called Rogernomics. In April 1989, believing that Labour was beyond change, Anderton resigned from the party.
As Leader of the Alliance and later the Progressive Party, he served as the 15th deputy prime minister of New Zealand in the Fifth Labour Government from 1999 to 2002 and as a senior minister in that government from 2002 to 2008. In 2010, he ran unsuccessfully for the mayoralty of Christchurch. Anderton retired from Parliament at the 2011 election. After his retirement, he and former MP Philip Burdon were the two prominent campaigners for the restoration of ChristChurch Cathedral.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Entering politics
3 Member of Parliament
4 1989 split from Labour
5 Alliance
6 Fifth Labour Government
7 Christchurch mayoral candidacy
8 Retirement
9 Death
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Early lifeEdit
Jim Anderton was born on 21 January 1938[2] in Auckland to Matthew Byrne and Joyce Savage. His father left the family and his mother married Victor Anderton. Matthew Byrne died in a train accident in the 1940s and Victor Anderton adopted Jim in 1951.[3] Jim undertook all his education in Auckland, attending Seddon Memorial Technical College and the Auckland Teachers' Training College. He graduated as a qualified teacher, but spent only two years in a teaching role (at St Peter's College, Auckland) before moving on to work as a child welfare officer in Wanganui.[4]
In 1960, he married Joan Caulfield and they had five children, two girls and three boys.[4] The same year he became the paid organiser for the Catholic Youth Movement in the Catholic Diocese of Auckland, and later worked as the secretary for the Catholic diocese in Auckland.[5] Cardinal Reginald Delargey said that there were difficulties with Jim Anderton with his employment ending "when he put us in a position where we had to make a choice between him or the Pope".[6]
Anderton later moved into business, working as an export manager for a textiles company before establishing a manufacturing company, Anderton Holdings, with his brother Brian in 1971 and also bought a superette in Parnell.[4]
Entering politicsEdit
Anderton in 1965
Anderton joined the Labour Party in 1963 and first attended a Labour party branch meeting in Mangere in 1964.[4] His political career began in 1965 when he was elected to the Manukau City Council on a Labour ticket. In 1971, he stood for the Auckland City Council as a Labour candidate unsuccessfully and was the highest polling un-elected Labour candidate.[7] Three years later he challenged Dove-Myer Robinson, the incumbent Mayor of Auckland City, for the mayoralty, but was beaten by 7,000 votes. In the same local election, he also stood for the Auckland City Council and was successful.[8][9][10] Anderton had another tilt at the Auckland City mayoralty in 1977, but was again beaten by the incumbent.[8][11][12] Earlier in 1977 he was elected to the Auckland Regional Authority via a by-election and was confirmed a member at the 1977 local elections later that year despite again losing the mayoralty.[13][8] At the same time, he worked his way up the internal hierarchy of the Labour Party. He became the party's president in 1979, a year before his term with the Auckland Regional Authority ended. He was also a long-standing member of the party's policy council.
Following the sudden death of Frank Rogers in 1980 there was intense press speculation that Anderton (who was the proprietor of a business situated in the electorate) would stand to replace him in the Onehunga by-election.[14] Despite briefly considering standing, he eventually declined nomination, refusing to renege on the promise he made to members at the 1979 party conference that he would not stand for a parliamentary seat at, or before, the 1981 election.[15] Soon afterwards Anderton was also rumoured to be contemplating replacing the retiring Arthur Faulkner in the Roskill electorate, but after a hostile reaction to the notion in caucus Anderton was dissuaded from seeking the Roskill nomination.[16]
Member of ParliamentEdit
New Zealand Parliament
Years Term Electorate List Party
1984–1987 41st Sydenham Labour
1987–1989 42nd Sydenham Labour
1989–1990 Changed allegiance to: NewLabour
1990–1991 43rd Sydenham NewLabour
1991–1993 Changed allegiance to: Alliance
1993–1996 44th Sydenham Alliance
1996–1999 45th Wigram 1 Alliance
1999–2002 46th Wigram 1 Alliance
2002–2005 47th Wigram 1 Progressive
2005–2008 48th Wigram 1 Progressive
2008–2011 49th Wigram 1 Progressive
In the 1984 general election, Anderton stood successfully as the Labour candidate for Sydenham in Christchurch. This election resulted in the formation of the Fourth Labour Government.[17] Anderton soon came into conflict with the party's leadership, and became one of the most outspoken critics of Minister of Finance Roger Douglas. Douglas and his allies, Richard Prebble and David Caygill, were determined to implement radical reforms of the country's economic system, known unofficially as "Rogernomics". This involved a monetarist approach to controlling inflation, the removal of tariffs and subsidies, and the privatisation of state assets, all of which were regarded by Anderton as a betrayal of the party's left-wing roots, and an abandonment of the party's election platform.
Anderton's severe criticism of Douglas and his reforms earned him the enmity of many within the party, including some of those who otherwise shared Anderton's frustration; his public comments were seen as damaging the party's public image. His stance of vocally and publicly opposing Labour's neoliberal direction led him to eschew the prospect of becoming a cabinet minister in the Lange ministry.[4]
1989 split from LabourEdit
Logo of the NewLabour Party
Although many ordinary members of the Labour Party (who were unhappy at the way the party's parliamentary wing was behaving) backed Anderton, he became increasingly isolated in parliament. When Anderton disobeyed party instructions to vote in favour of selling the Bank of New Zealand (which Labour had explicitly promised not to do), he was suspended from caucus. In April 1989, believing that Labour was beyond change, Anderton resigned from the party. He later said, "I did not leave the Labour Party; the Labour Party left me."[18] All but one of Anderton's electorate staff in Sydenham left with him.[4] Michael Bassett commented "while Anderton liked to portray his differences as ideological, we knew from past experience that his real problem was that he wasn't the one in control of the government, and he could see no way of seizing power".[19]
On 1 May, Anderton announced the creation of the NewLabour Party, intended to represent the real spirit of the original Labour Party. Its primary goals were state intervention in the economy, retention of public assets, and full employment. In the 1990 general election Anderton retained his Sydenham seat, ensuring that NewLabour (and Anderton's criticism) would not fade away. A long serving office manager and campaign director, Jeanette Lawrence, said Anderton retaining his seat at the 1990 general election was the "happiest she ever saw him".[4] He was the first MP in New Zealand political history to leave an established party, found another and be re-elected to Parliament representing that new party. In parliament, Anderton attacked the policies of the new National Party government, particularly Ruth Richardson's continuation of Rogernomics.
In regard to leaving Labour in 1989, he later recalled: "I have no regrets about any of that. Under the same circumstances I would do exactly the same again."[18] Anderton was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal.[20]
AllianceEdit
Anderton and NewLabour were at the centre of the Alliance Party established in 1991. He became leader of the new party and in the 1993 election, was joined in parliament by Alliance colleague Sandra Lee. He briefly stepped down as leader of the Alliance in November 1994 following the suicide of his daughter the year before,[21] but returned in May 1995.[4][22]
In the 1996 election, the first to be held under the mixed-member proportional (MMP) system, the Alliance won 13 seats in Parliament. Anderton retained his constituency seat, now renamed Wigram, and he was joined in Parliament by 12 list MPs.
Anderton was the most prominent critic of the rash of party-switching (sometimes called "waka jumping" in New Zealand) that characterised the 45th Parliament, although remained silent about his own past party-switching.[23] When Alliance list MP Alamein Kopu declared herself an independent and supported the National-led coalition, Anderton blasted her, saying her behaviour "breached every standard of ethics that are known." He later started a "Go Now" petition calling on Kopu and every other party-switching MP to resign; like Anderton himself in 1989 they chose not to resign.[citation needed]
Fifth Labour GovernmentEdit
Creating Kiwibank has been cited as Anderton's greatest legacy
By the late 1990s, Labour under Helen Clark had largely purged itself of the influence of Roger Douglas. Realising that the cost of a split in the left-wing vote would be a continuance of the National government, Labour and the Alliance agreed to form a coalition for the 1999 election. National lost the election and Anderton became Deputy Prime Minister. He was also given the newly created post of Minister of Economic Development, which had an emphasis on job creation and regional development initiatives. Anderton also co-authored the New Zealand Superannuation Fund, a sovereign wealth fund to partially pre-fund the future cost of universal superannuation, with Finance Minister Michael Cullen[18] and promoted the first waka-jumping legislation—the Electoral Integrity Act 2001. Anderton, along with fellow Alliance MP Laila Harré, was also an invaluable advocate in the creation and implementation for 12 weeks' paid parental leave.[18]
The successful establishment of Kiwibank, a state-owned bank, is often cited as Anderton's greatest achievement.[18] It was initially opposed by both Clark and Cullen but Anderton eventually wore the Labour Cabinet down following several months of debate culminating with Annette King telling Cullen, "For God's sake, give him the bloody bank".[24]
Towards the end of Alliance's first term in Government, Anderton came into conflict with the Alliance's administrative wing. Party president Matt McCarten and his allies claimed that the Alliance had become too close to Labour, and that it should take a less moderate path; Anderton replied that some moderation was required for the Alliance to accomplish any of its goals. There were complaints that Anderton was too dominant in the party's decision-making and over the fact that he supported the government's stance on the bombing of Afghanistan, while the executive and wider membership opposed it. Eventually, Anderton and three other MPs left the Alliance, establishing the Progressive Coalition, later renamed the Progressive Party. In order to get around the waka-jumping legislation which Anderton had supported, he technically remained the Alliance's parliamentary leader until the writ was dropped for the 2002 election.
In the election, Anderton was returned to Parliament, and the Progressives took the Alliance's place as Labour's coalition partner. Although Anderton won his electorate, the small amount of support the Progressives received (1.4% of the party vote) was enough for only one other Progressive (deputy leader Matt Robson) to enter Parliament. Anderton gave up the deputy prime minister's post to Minister of Finance and Labour deputy leader Michael Cullen. He remained Minister of Economic Development, and also held other ministerial portfolios. He ranked third in Cabinet, behind Clark and Cullen.
In the runup to the 2005 election Anderton renamed his party "Jim Anderton's Progressive Party". However, he was the only Progressive returned to Parliament by a narrow margin after many left-wing voters voted for Labour to prevent a National government from being elected due to a split on the left. He became Minister of Agriculture, Minister for Biosecurity, Minister of Fisheries, Minister of Forestry, Minister Responsible for the Public Trust, Associate Minister of Health, and Associate Minister for Tertiary Education.
The 2008 election saw a swing to the right, with National winning approximately 45% of the party vote to Labour's 34%. Anderton retained his seat but the Progressives' share of the party vote remained low, at less than one percent.[25] In a move described as "unorthodox" by the New Zealand Herald, Anderton announced that he would remain in coalition with Labour in opposition. He said that a priority for the Progressives would be to support better access to dental care.[26]
Christchurch mayoral candidacyEdit
Anderton with Megan Woods (left), November 2010
Anderton announced in May 2010 that he would contest the Christchurch mayoralty that October.[27] He initially said that if elected to the mayoralty he would not give up his seat in Parliament because he didn't want to cause an expensive by-election.[28] However, following the 2010 Canterbury earthquake Anderton announced he would stand down as MP for Wigram if elected mayor so he could fully focus on rebuilding the city.[29] Anderton was leading the polls until the earthquake hit.[30][31] He lost the election, taking 40.6% of the vote to incumbent mayor Bob Parker's 53.7% of the vote, with the rest of the vote split amongst numerous minor candidates.
RetirementEdit
Anderton's CNZM Investiture in 2017
Anderton retired from Parliament at the 2011 election. The Progressive Party did not run candidates in that election. At the time, he held the unofficial title of Father of the House as the longest continuously serving MP. During the election campaign, Anderton endorsed Labour candidate and previously unsuccessful mayoral candidate Megan Woods to succeed him in his electorate.[32] Woods was elected.[33] After his retirement, he put his energy into a campaign to have ChristChurch Cathedral restored after it had been severely damaged in the February and June 2011 Christchurch earthquakes; he worked on this campaign with former National MP Philip Burdon. They were ultimately successful in September 2017 when the Anglican synod made a binding decision to restore the church.[34]
He was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2017 Queen's Birthday Honours, for services as a Member of Parliament.[35] On 3 September 2017, he had a special investiture ceremony at Nazareth House attended by the Governor-General (Dame Patsy Reddy), the Mayor of Christchurch (Lianne Dalziel), and former Prime Minister Helen Clark.[34]
DeathEdit
Anderton died in Christchurch on 7 January 2018, two weeks before his 80th birthday.[36][37][38] His funeral at Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Christchurch was attended by hundreds, including the Prime Minister.[39] Anderton was buried at Onetangi Cemetery on Waiheke Island.[40]
Figures from across the political spectrum praised Anderton following his death, and the leaders of New Zealand's parliamentary parties paid tributes.[4][41]
NotesEdit
^ "2005 election results – Official Count Results – Wigram". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 9 February 2007.
^ Who's Who in Asian and Australasian Politics. 11 September 2008. ISBN 9780862915933. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
^ Stewart, Gary (5 November 2010). "The secret life of Matthew Byrne". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
^ a b c d e f g h i Wright, Michael (7 January 2018). "The legacy of Jim Anderton: Former Deputy Prime Minister hailed 'one of the most highly-principled and idealistic' politicians". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
^ "Anderton, Jim - New Zealand Parliament". www.parliament.nz. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
^ Bassett 2008, p. 94.
^ "Declaration of Result of Election". The New Zealand Herald. 22 October 1971. p. 11.
^ a b c van Beynen, Martin (23 July 2010). "The final push". The Press. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
^ "Declaration of Result of Election". The New Zealand Herald. 22 October 1974. p. 19.
^ "Declaration of Result of Election". The New Zealand Herald. 23 October 1974. p. 16.
^ "Mayor back by 5633". The New Zealand Herald. 24 October 1977. p. 2.
^ "Declaration of Result of Election". The New Zealand Herald. 24 October 1977. p. 11.
^ "Anderton has easy win in ARA poll". Auckland Star. 7 February 1977. p. 5.
^ "Onehunga Asks: Which Way Will Mr Anderton Jump?". The New Zealand Herald. 30 April 1980. p. 1.
^ "Anderton says 'no bid' on Onehunga". Auckland Star. 2 May 1980. p. 3.
^ Bassett 2008, p. 60.
^ Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. 180. OCLC 154283103.
^ a b c d e "Jim Anderton remembered as champion of MMP, Kiwibank, paid parental leave". The New Zealand Herald. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
^ Bassett 2008, p. 475.
^ Taylor, Alister; Coddington, Deborah (1994). Honoured by the Queen – New Zealand. Auckland: New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa. p. 47. ISBN 0-908578-34-2.
^ "26 years on, our star Jim is shining". NZ Herald. 25 August 2000. ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
^ "Anderton, Jim – New Zealand Parliament". www.parliament.nz. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
^ "Electoral (Integrity) Amendment Bill — Second Reading - New Zealand Parliament". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).
^ Watkins, Tracy (5 October 2011). "Anderton's persistence led to Kiwibank". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
^ "Election results 2008".
^ "Anderton to stay with Labour, even in opposition". The New Zealand Herald. 19 November 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
^ "Anderton to run for mayor". Christchurch: The Press. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
^ "Jim Anderton won't give up seat if elected mayor". NZPA. 10 May 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
^ Booker, Jarrod (12 September 2010). "Anderton presses on with mayoral bid". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
^ "Anderton leads Christchurch mayoral poll". Stuff. 14 June 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
^ "Post-quake Christchurch poll shock". Stuff. 29 September 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
^ "Dr Megan Woods".
^ Commission, New Zealand Electoral. "Official Count Results – Wigram". archive.electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
^ a b Rutherford, Bridget (7 September 2017). "Ailing Jim Anderton recognised at special investiture ceremony". The Star. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
^ "Queen's Birthday honours list 2017". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 5 June 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
^ "Honourable James Anderton death notice". The Dominion Post. 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
^ "Former deputy PM Jim Anderton dies". The New Zealand Herald. 7 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
^ "Former Deputy Prime Minister Jim Anderton has died". radionz.co.nz. RNZ. 7 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
^ Gates, Charlie (11 January 2018). "New Zealand statesman Jim Anderton farewelled by family and friends". The Press – via Stuff.co.uk.
^ "Family say final goodbyes to Jim Anderton at Waiheke burial". New Zealand Herald. 13 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
^ "Tributes for Jim Anderton: 'A man of integrity'". RNZ. 7 January 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
ReferencesEdit
Bassett, Michael (2008). Working with David: Inside the Lange Cabinet. Auckland: Hodder Moa. ISBN 978-1-86971-094-1.
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His Highness Shaikh Mohammad Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, and Joko Widodo, President of Indonesia (left), witness an MoU exchange ceremony during a reception at Qasr Al Watan in Abu Dhabi in January Image Credit: Courtesy of Eissa Al Hammadi, Ministry of Presidential Affairs
Highlight
Husin Bagis, Indonesian Ambassador to the UAE, tells Chiranti Sengupta how the leaders of both countries are enhancing cooperation across multiple sectors
The pandemic has disrupted business and consumer activities across the world. What key measures has Indonesia taken to accelerate economic recovery in a post-Covid world?
The Indonesian government has allocated Rp695.2 trillion (Dh173.8 billion) to tackle the impact of Covid-19 pandemic in the country. This total figure mainly consists of health sector support of Rp87.55 trillion (Dh21.9 billion) and the National Economic Recovery programme of Rp607.65 trillion (Dh151.9 billion).
The Indonesian National Economic Recovery programme includes social safety net measures (Rp203.9 trillion), government spending through sectoral ministries and local government funding (Rp106.11 trillion), micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) support (Rp123.46 trillion), state-owned enterprises (SOEs) financing (Rp53.57 trillion), and business/tax incentives (Rp120.61 trillion). These efforts aim to stimulate the supply and demand sides for economic recovery during the pandemic. Besides, this extraordinary programme has shown an integrated approach of fiscal measures, monetary policy, as well as support for the financial sector.
To finance the widening state budget deficit due to the economic downturn, the government of Indonesia has worked closely with the Central Bank of Indonesia through a burden-sharing mechanism. This mechanism has to follow a strict and prudent fiscal and monetary policy and adhere to good governance standards.
For the year 2021 and medium-term vision, the government has committed to some strategic priorities of preparing a new healthy society, accelerating recovery of social and health sectors, ensuring speedy recovery of the economy, and innovating policies across sectors. These strategic priorities have been translated into the reformation of the health sector, social safety net, education, taxation, state budget allocation, and industry focus.
In addition, the government of Indonesia has also started a strategic investment and financing mechanism through the establishment of the Indonesia Sovereign Wealth Fund. This initiative has been discussed with various international counterparts in order to learn the best practices. This fund is dedicated to finance national development, including major infrastructure projects in Indonesia.
Husin Bagis, Ambassador of the Republic of Indonesia to the UAE Image Credit: Supplied
Earlier this year, Indonesia and the UAE signed many agreements and MoUs. Could you give us some information on these agreements?
During Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s visit to Abu Dhabi in January, Indonesia and the UAE signed 11 business agreements.
These business agreements/deals were Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) on Cirata Floating Solar PV 145 MWAC between Masdar and PT. PLN; two MoUs between ADNOC and Pertamina for both Refinery Development Master Plan (RDMP) projects and Direct LPG Sales Contract from ADNOC to Pertamina; Refinery Investment Principle Agreement (RIPA) between Mubadala and Pertamina for the placement of up to 49 per cent of preferred shares in RDMP RU V Balikpapan Phase 1 project; MoU on R&D collaboration for agricultural crop commercialisation between Elite Agro (EAG) and Indonesian Agency of Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD)/Ministry of Agriculture; and project execution agreement signing between DP World and Maspion Group regarding the development of Gresik Container Terminal.
The other five business deals were MoUs for the potential supply of naphtha feedstock between ADNOC and Chandra Asri Petrochemical; MoU and NDA on the development of a custom bonded third party logistics park, dry port and inland container in Subang between Trustworthy.ae and RNI; letter of intent (LoI) on the optimisation of west Java workforce absorption between LuLu Group International and West Java Provincial Government; the K7-12 E-learning Project MoU between Saal.ai and PT. TELKOM (Persero); and amendment to MoUs between Emirates Global Aluminum (EGA) and PT. Indonesia Asahan Aluminum.
Apart from the business deals, the two governments signed five MoUs to expand cooperation in areas such as health, education, agriculture and food diversification, Islamic affairs and endowments, as well as counter-terrorism.
How would you sum up the current relations between Indonesia and the UAE? What are your focus areas now when it comes to strengthening ties with the UAE?
The current relations between the UAE and Indonesia have elevated to a level that is closer than ever.
His Highness Shaikh Mohammad Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, visited Indonesia in July last year, while our President, Joko Widodo, visited Abu Dhabi earlier this year.
There were 16 agreements and MoUs being signed during the visit of Shaikh Mohammad bin Zayed to Indonesia, covering various aspects — from politics and economic affairs to education, health, socio-cultural, and consular affairs. We are striving to make these agreements and MoUs materialise for the benefit of people of both countries. On many occasions, President Widodo has stated that foreign policy should be committed to the welfare of people in Indonesia.
Likewise, during the visit of President Widodo to Abu Dhabi earlier this year, both counties have also signed 11 business-to-business MoUs, mostly on the investment and economic aspect, ranging from oil and energy to agriculture. The progress on all these business deals is very encouraging.
In light of the close partnership between Indonesia and the UAE, we also agreed to establish a bilateral, temporary travel corridor arrangement to facilitate the ease of travel for business, economic, diplomatic, and official purposes. The Safe Travel Corridor Arrangement (STCA) came into effect last month.
We have some big projects in the pipeline for food and energy security. It is my dream to fulfill them with the UAE. Indonesia has numerous talented engineers, and I am eager to bring them here to work in Emirati industries and airlines.
Indonesia has always been a preferred travel destination for UAE residents. How does Indonesia plan to bring tourists back to the nation after Covid-19?
Considering that tourism is an essential component of Indonesian economy as well as a significant source of its foreign exchange revenues, the government is working hard to attract and gain confidence of foreign tourists. It has launched a video about the application of the cleanliness, health, and safety (CHS) protocol in any tourism destination in Indonesia.
Besides, to recover the tourism sector, badly-hit by the Covid-19 pandemic, the government will also hold a mega fam trip in collaboration with key opinion leaders, arrange airplane and hotel tour packages, and organise events to attract visitors. All preparation and recovery will be carried out in line with the preventive measures and regulations to curb the spread of Covid-19. It is worth mentioning that Bali, the capital of tourism in Indonesia, has been one of the least-affected provinces in the country from Covid-19. The Island of Gods, Bali, has taken the fastest measures to fight and curb the Covid-19 spread and establish hygiene and safety protocols to welcome tourists again. It opened for domestic tourists on July 31, and hopefully will soon reopen for foreign tourists as well.
How many tourists from the UAE visited Indonesia in 2019?
Based on the data we have, around 9,065 tourists visited Indonesia from the UAE in 2019. We are very confident the number will grow in the years ahead. We plan to engage a big tour operator in the UAE to materialise this vision.
What kind of activities is the embassy planning to organise this year to improve bilateral relations?
Despite the severe impact of Covid-19 on the Indonesian economy, the financial sector has shown resilience and potential for growth, offering opportunities for further cooperation between the UAE and Indonesia.
Indonesia, with its large population and low financial literacy and inclusion rate, has offered an excellent opportunity to serve people with financial services. Indonesia, through its embassy, will attract and facilitate more UAE business partners to invest and strategically maintain operations with their Indonesian counterparts in the financial sector, whether on a regular or sharia basis.
Besides, we are working to realise all agreements signed in various fields, not only in economic and investment sectors, but also education, defense, culture, tourism, health, as well as Islamic affairs.
How does the embassy serve the Indonesian community in the UAE?
We aim at ensuring the best services for all Indonesians residing in the UAE. In terms of consular assistance, the embassy, as well as the consulate general have a 24/7 hotline number, and we also have our staff on standby duty on weekends and public holidays.
How many Indonesians are currently living in the UAE and how many have gone back home since the outbreak of coronavirus? How did the embassy facilitate their safe repatriation?
According to the Federal Authority for Identity and Citizenship (ICA), there are around 77,000 Indonesians in the UAE, 80 per cent of them are domestic helpers. The other 20 per cent are employed as engineers in oil and gas companies as well as paper mills. Indonesians are also working in various sectors such as trading; services and hospitality; maritime, religious and health. We estimated that more than 2.000 Indonesians have left the UAE since the outbreak of Covid-19.
We facilitated the repatriation of Indonesian seamen on two chartered flights in April. These flights were arranged for stranded seamen from six cruise ships berthed in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Later, we repatriated more Indonesian seamen using commercial flights. The embassy has estimated that more than 1.500 Indonesians have left the UAE with a voluntary repatriation mechanism.
Finally, how does the embassy plan to celebrate the Independence Day this year?
We have a flag-hoisting ceremony today at the embassy’s premises in commemoration of the proclamation of independence. The ceremony will be attended by limited embassy officials and staff, without the presence of community members in the UAE. This activity will be carried out in compliance with physical distancing and preventive measures.
The embassy of Indonesia will also celebrate the 75th Indonesia’s Independence Day by organising the first-ever Panggung Gembira Virtual (PGV), a showcase of Indonesian music, cultural performances, inspirational talkshow, and giveaway, which will be organised virtually and broadcast live on the embassy’s social media platforms on August 21.
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A new study describes the results of the safety and efficacy phase trials of a new COVID-19 vaccine from Cuba.
Study findings
Vaccines are a high-priority public health intervention; however, the success of the vaccination program depends on the speed and coverage of the rollout.
SOBERANA 02 is the first conjugated vaccine to be developed against SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine uses the recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein, chemically attached to the tetanus toxoid antigen in a molar ratio of 6:1 and adsorbed on 500 micrograms (µg) of alumina. Conversely, SOBERANA Plus contains dimeric RBD 50 µg, adsorbed on 1,250 µg alumina, having been developed as a “universal booster.”
With this, SOBERANA 02 joins other conjugated vaccines, such as the protein-polysaccharide conjugated vaccine against Hemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
With the current experimental vaccine, two doses have been found to elicit neutralizing antibodies, along with both memory B- and T-cells, secreting interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as well as showing a T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) profile of immunity.
This vaccine could also be used as a heterologous third booster dose to enhance the level of neutralizing anti-RBD antibodies. Following successful Phase 1 and 2a trials, the Phase 3 trial was launched to assess the efficacy and safety profile of two usage patterns of SOBERANA, which include a two-dose regimen of SOBERANA 02, and evaluate this regimen when combined with the third dose of SOBERANA Plus.
The participants of the current study were all healthy adults from different parts of Havana, Cuba. Each participant was assigned in a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled manner to vaccine and control groups. The mean age was 48 years, with an almost equal number of males and females.
One group (A) received the two-dose homologous regimen, the second (group B) the heterologous three-dose regimen, and the third (group C) the placebo. None of the final participants had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at any point.
There were 0.8 COVID-19 cases per 1,000 person-years (PY) in group A, and 2.7 in the placebo, corresponding to 198 and 155 cases, respectively, indicating a two-dose vaccine efficacy (VE) of 71% compared to placebo.
With the heterologous three-dose regimen, the VE was greater than 92% relative to the placebo, at an incidence of 0.1 per 1,000 PY in group B (170 vs 155 cases in groups B and C, respectively).
Protection against severe COVID-19 was 63% in group A and 100% for group B. Comparatively, when considering deaths due to COVID-19, VE was 59% and 100%, respectively.
Implications
The current study shows the SOBERANA 02 conjugate vaccine to be safe and effective in preventing severe COVID-19 in adults up to 80 years of age. A VE of over 60% was expected during the period when the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain was circulating. However, a VE of 62% was achieved, even during a period when the dominant strain was the Beta SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC).
The SARS-CoV-2 Beta strain made up 74% of isolated sequences at the time in Havana. The high VE was observed in spite of the presence of the E484K mutation that confers resistance to neutralizing antibodies in the sera of individuals who have been immunized by natural infection or by vaccination.
By the time the final analysis was conducted, the Delta VOC was the dominant circulating strain; however, the VE at two doses was 71% at this time. The heterologous three-dose regimen led to VE exceeding 92%, but it still remained high irrespective of VOCs in circulation.
Even at the two-month mark, the safety profile was impressive, with mild transient local reactions and no serious adverse reactions reported. The third dose of the vaccine had few side effects.
The final VE comes from the figures compiled 14 days after the last immunization, or 70 days after the first dose with the triple-dose regimen. While this vaccine apparently offered protection against the Beta and Delta VOCs, further work is essential to assess the durability of immunity and the VE for the circulating VOCs.
* Important notice
medRxiv publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information
#Vaccines #COVID-19 #vaccine #Covid
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Oh ya 21 days ago
Well isn't that nice but i will just stick to natural ammunity thanks
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In spite of her youthful appearance, K. S. Brooks has been a writer and award-winning photographer for more than twenty years. Her first novel, Lust for Danger, won her an Honorable Mention in the Jada Press Book of the Year Awards as well as a spot in the “Next Big Thing” tent at the Baltimore Book Festival in Baltimore, Maryland (which is not under any circumstances to be confused with Baltimore, Kentucky). She has also provided feature articles, poetry, and photography for magazines, newspapers, books and other publications both in the U.S. and abroad.
In her writing, she likes to keep things moving, use the right words, and paint the scenes so that readers can share her vision and feel for the story. She says, “I’m told I have excellent flow, and my writing moves very quickly. My style has actually evolved quite a bit, from being pragmatic and impartial to colored by my main character’s attitude.” Continue reading “Meet the Author: K.S. Brooks”
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Author AdministratorsPosted on November 18, 2011 November 5, 2014 Categories Interviews13 Comments on Meet the Author: K.S. Brooks
Writing Exercise #9
Not every antagonist is a guy whose face is contorted in an evil sneer as he twirls his waxed mustache. Sometimes the threat comes in the form of an immutable force of nature. That form may be tiny.
Those are germs—a new variety discovered by the research team in your book. Tell me what these germs are going to do the the characters in your world, and how the scientists who created or identified it feel about what is going to happen.
Strut your stuff. Give me two or three paragraphs in the comment section that lay out a premise that will hook your reader.
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Author AdministratorsPosted on November 18, 2011 August 30, 2012 Categories Staff Articles
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Dennis Prager Catches COVID, Says He 'Wanted' to Contract Virus to Get Natural Immunity - Inter Reviewed
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Home/News/Dennis Prager Catches COVID, Says He ‘Wanted’ to Contract Virus to Get Natural Immunity
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Dennis Prager Catches COVID, Says He ‘Wanted’ to Contract Virus to Get Natural Immunity
huynh995October 20, 2021
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Conservative speak present host Dennis Prager introduced on Monday throughout his every day nationally syndicated radio program that he had contracted COVID-19.
A vocal opponent of coronavirus vaccine mandates, particularly for younger folks and people beforehand contaminated with the virus, Prager, 73, has refused the vaccine and deliberately sought talking engagements and occasions all through the pandemic each time and wherever he might.
“I’ve hugged 1000’s of strangers … at rallies across the nation. I’ve posed for images with strangers within the 1000’s at speeches. And at last I bought it from any person,” he stated whereas broadcasting the show from his dwelling on Monday.
The radio host stated he had taken the monoclonal antibody remedy Regeneron, which he stated President Joe Biden has made “virtually unimaginable for folks to get … as a result of the person is evil.”
From the beginning of the pandemic, Prager has been a harsh critic of the Democrats’ response to COVID-19 — corresponding to small-business-crushing lockdowns and vaccine and masks mandates — however an enthusiastic promoter of therapeutics to deal with the virus.
Trending:
One Crucial Official Was Nowhere to Be Seen as Biden Attends Tribute for 491 Fallen Officers
He started taking hydroxychloroquine prophylactically shortly after then-President Donald Trump talked about in a March 19, 2020, news conference that the anti-malarial drug might show to be a promising remedy for COVID-19.
Prager has interviewed outstanding proponents for HCQ on his present, notably Dr. Vladimir Zelenko, who got here up with the “Zelenko Protocol,” a concoction of low-dose hydroxychloroquine, zinc and azithromycin that he stated resulted in fewer hospitalizations when given within the early phases of mild-to-moderate COVID an infection.
And in November 2020, Prager added ivermectin to his private routine.
“I consider that what I had determined to do over the course of the final year-and-a-half, I consider, has been justified,” Prager stated at his present’s opening on Monday. “I wished to attain pure immunity, which is by far the extra strong immunity that one might have in opposition to COVID or any virus.”
Do you assume nationwide immunity is more practical than vaccination in opposition to COVID-19?
Sure: 98% (43 Votes)
No: 2% (1 Votes)
He referenced a current piece printed in The Washington Post through which Dr. Marty Makary, a professor on the John Hopkins Faculty of Drugs, argued the prevalence of pure immunity over vaccination.
Makary cited over 15 research supporting his assertion, together with a current 700,000-person study in Israel that discovered that these beforehand contaminated with COVID-19 have been 27 occasions much less prone to contract the virus once more than those that have been vaccinated.
Prager probably contracted COVID-19 whereas at a marketing campaign event in Colorado on Oct. 10 with Republican Colorado gubernatorial candidate Heidi Ganahl, the front-running challenger to Democratic Colorado Gov. Jared Polis’ re-election, in response to the Denver Gazette.
NEW: Conservative speak radio host @DennisPrager says he examined optimistic for COVID-19 final week, days after showing at a Colorado fundraiser for @heidiganahl. Prager stated he deliberately contracted COVID-19 by partaking with, hugging, and taking images with folks. #copolitics pic.twitter.com/FAKPMjZVlR
— Kyle Clark (@KyleClark) October 18, 2021
Associated:
Dennis Prager’s Feature Film on Censorship Hit with 100% Unjustified PG-13 Rating
The hourlong “sold-out” marketing campaign occasion, known as “The Way forward for Colorado,” was held at a Marriott resort in Colorado Springs with about 100 attendees.
A consultant of Ganahl’s marketing campaign instructed the Gazette, “We’ve not been made conscious of anybody who attended the occasion exterior of Dennis’ inside circle getting the virus. We’re reaching out to all those that attended to ensure they’re knowledgeable.”
On Friday, Colorado had the 14th-highest price within the nation for COVID infections, the outlet reported, with 71.6 % of eligible Coloradans absolutely vaccinated, in response to the Colorado Department of Public Health.
Whereas up on stage with Ganahl, Prager paradoxically stated, “I’ve been attempting to get COVID for a year-and-a-half.”
Though Prager strongly opposes the Biden administration’s draconian vaccine mandates and the media’s fear-mongering concerning the virus and its demonizing of unvaccinated Individuals, he has by no means insisted that the listeners to his program comply with his instance and forgo the vaccine.
“You probably have co-morbidities or are of a sure age, and you aren’t ready to take the therapeutics, it is best to think about taking the vaccine. That will be my place,” Prager stated throughout his radio present Monday.
“It may well harm you. I do know those who it has harm. However it may well additionally assist. It’s considerably of a crapshoot. However I don’t need you to take nothing,” he stated.
“I feel I’m a residing instance of how efficient taking these therapeutics is. I’m not younger. I admit I’m wholesome in any other case, however I’m within the class of people that must be most involved, theoretically,” Prager stated. “And I’m involved. That’s why I’ve been taking all these therapeutics.”
https://www.westernjournal.com/dennis-prager-catches-covid-says-wanted-contract-virus-get-natural-immunity/ | Dennis Prager Catches COVID, Says He ‘Wished’ to Contract Virus to Get Pure Immunity
huynh995October 20, 2021
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I've hated most parenting books that I've started. Business books take 250 pages to say what they could say in under 50. The big ideas of business and fatherhood are mostly the same, and since none of us has time to read all the books, this blog tries to share some of the important stuff in bite-sized chunks.
One parenting book that's not bad is Mentor Manager, Mentor Parent by Dowling and Mielenz. Its big idea is that parents and managers use four "styles" of controlling others, and that one—mentoring—is most effective. Here are some common control styles and how they play out in managers and dads:
BOSS: depends on power and authority to maintain control; believes others won't act appropriately unless he tells them what to do
At work: takes advantage of authority to control the workplace
At home: controls children through power, mandates, and physical advantage
The result: employees and kids don't learn good judgment or decision-making skills
MANIPULATOR: promises rewards and punishment to control others; doesn't believe in others' personal motivation
At work: uses motivators like days off or possible promotion; uses threats like bad assignments, overtime, and job insecurity
At home: engineers desired behaviors by dangling the possibility of treats and privelages given or taken away
The result: employees and children learn the acceptable minimum to get rewards and avoid punishment and their decision-making is narcissistic
MARTYR: relinquishes control to avoid conflict
At work: takes a passive approach to management; has difficulty holding others accountable; wants to be liked
At home: fears setting limits; attempts to win children's love by being friend or playmate
The result: inconsistency and lack of direction cause resentment; the child and employee eventually take control to fill the leadership void
MENTOR: practices non-controlling strategies to develop responsibility and self-direction in others; focuses on values and standards
At work: translates the organization's mission and goals into daily activities; trusts others; allows employees to make mistakes and experience the results; enforces standards; accepts unpopularity
At home: respects the child, values her opinions and feelings, and recognizes her unique needs; allows the child freedom to make choices within established limits; helps the child understand values, expectations, and appropriate behaviors
The result: mutual respect; appropriate collaboration; employees and kids discover and grow their own motivation and initiative
Which one of these camps do you tend to fall into? I most often fall into the manipulator camp, but dabble in all four.
How to become more of a mentor? To be continued next post...
Posted at 06:59 AM in Books, Business, Fatherhood, Leadership | Permalink
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I'm mostly a manipulator too I guess, and a boss. I try not to do martyr and I do mentor also. But I gotta say, I don't know what the answer is for when you three year old won't put clothes on. As an e.g. You try every trick, give them every choice. And then, you hold their little limbs and make them do it.
Posted by: Dad is in the House | 02/22/2010 at 09:57 AM
Thanks for the comment 'Dad is in the House'! I'm with you--they need to know we've got the "force" option in our back-pocket, but come to their own conclusions that they're better off chosing to do it themselves. This is where the child/employee comparrison breaks down a bit... we can fire the employee.
Posted by: Kevin Mackey | 02/22/2010 at 09:06 PM
With a gust of wind, To my greetings, With a moonlight, reflects my prayer, With a few dewdrops, soak my sincere, With a blessing, connect you my friendship, Wish friends every day happy!
Posted by: New Balance Shoes | 09/24/2010 at 05:38 PM
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I am a husband, father of three girls, business consultant, and musician. Join in as I walk/stumble through life, fatherhood, leadership, and the business world; sharing what I learn along the way.
Books I like
Jack Stack: A Stake in the Outcome: Building a Culture of Ownership for the Long-Term Success of Your Business
Joe Calloway: Becoming a Category of One: How Extraordinary Companies Transcend Commodity and Defy Comparison
Michael Azerrad: Come As You Are: The Story of Nirvana
Justin Menkes: Executive Intelligence: What All Great Leaders Have
Marcus Buckingham: First, Break All the Rules: What the World's Greatest Managers Do Differently
Patrick Lencioni: Getting Naked: A Business Fable About Shedding The Three Fears That Sabotage Client Loyalty (J-B Lencioni Series)
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The Omnidoxy is the primary document within The Grand Centrality that forms the conceptual, orientational, and structural foundations of The Philosophy of Millettism. Partitioned according to twelve disquisitions which are further divided into hundreds of discourses, themselves titled by rubrals, The Omnidoxy is codified according to a unique writing structure known as insentence.
The authorship of The Omnidoxy rests with a single individual, the author and philosopher, Cometan, who began writing The Omnidoxy at the age of seventeen through personal inspiration.
The Omnidoxy remains the principal founding book of the Millettarian philosophical tradition and was the first text to introduce the concept of cosmocentricity, as well as the introducer of hundreds of belief orientations, schools of thought, and disciplines of study along with thousands of concepts and notions that subsequently formed the basis of The Philosophy of Millettism.
The discipline of study known as omnidoxicology relates to the formal academic study and contemplation of The Omnidoxy by philosophers, scholars, and academics while that which is known as omnidoxical studies refers to the study of The Omnidoxy by ordinary people.
The historical origination of The Omnidoxy rests in its authorship by Cometan during early 21st century England, specifically in the northern county of Lancashire. Like in all textual criticism, the timing and location of the codification of The Omnidoxy is integral to understanding why and how it was written, especially by considering the influential factors impacting Taylorian during his construction of the text, particularly the cultural, political, religious, and social contexts of Taylorian's personal life and of wider society at the time.
This forms an important branch of study within omnidoxicology known as omnidoxical criticism, or omnidoxical exegesis in which scholars study and investigate The Omnidoxy in order to discern conclusive judgements inspired by how, where, why, by whom, for whom, and in what circumstances The Omnidoxy was written.
The term "omnidoxy" originates from the founding of The Philosophy of Millettism and combines the prefix "omni-" meaning all, or of all things, and the suffix of "-doxy" which, in a Millettarian terminological context, refers to knowledge imparted through written means.
Combining this prefix and suffix, the term "omnidoxy" is formed and therefore means all knowledge, or knowledge of all things, imparted through a treatise. Essentially, the "omni-" element of the appellation refers to the encompassing nature of the text while the "-doxy" element refers to the text's educative and imparting personality.
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The video below,1 featuring cardiologist, internist and epidemiologist Dr. Peter McCullough, is packed with sound logic, data and action steps that have the potential to turn the pandemic around — if only more people would listen.
Recorded at the Andrews University Village Church in Berrien Springs, Michigan, August 20, 2021, this presentation deserves to be heard, and I urge you to listen to it in its entirety. It will make you question why a key aspect of care — early treatment — has been missing from the pandemic.
McCullough, editor of two medical journals who has published 650 peer-reviewed papers, said this has been the first time in his career when he saw medical providers not offering early treatment for a disease.
Early COVID Treatment Saves Lives
The standard of care for COVID-19 has been to withhold treatment until a person is sick enough to be hospitalized. It typically takes two to three weeks for someone with COVID-19 to get sick enough to be hospitalized, and during that time early treatment can be lifesaving.
The rationale was that there have been no large, randomized trials conducted to know which treatments are safe and effective, but as McCullough said, “We can’t wait for large randomized trials … Something got in the minds of doctors and nurses and everyone to not treat COVID-19. I couldn’t stand it.” He and colleagues worked feverishly to figure out a treatment — why didn’t national health organizations do so also?
“Our government and other governments, and the entire world, has not lifted a finger to reduce the risk of hospitalization and death anywhere,” McCullough said, pointing out the irony: “If there was a kid with asthma, would we let the kid wheeze and choke for two weeks before the kid has to go to the hospital? No, we give the child medications. We don’t have randomized trials for every single thing that we do.”2
McCullough and colleagues realized that there are three major phases to COVID-19. It starts with virus replication, which then triggers inflammation, or a cytokine storm. This, in turn, leads to blood clotting. If enough micro blood clots form in the lungs, a person can’t get enough oxygen and dies. It’s a complex process, and no single drug is going to work to treat it, which is why McCullough uses a combination of drugs, as is done to treat HIV, staph and other infections.
Only about 6% of doctors’ decisions in cardiology are based on randomized trials. “Medicine is an art and a science, it takes judgment. What was happening is, I think out of global fear, no judgement was happening,” McCullough said,3 referring to doctors’ refusal to treat COVID-19 patients early on in the disease process.
Doctors Threatened for Treating COVID-19
Around the world, the unthinkable is happening: Doctors are being threatened with loss of their license or even prison for trying to help their patients. French doctor Didier Raoult suggested, early on, putting up a tent to try to treat covid-19 patients. He was put on house arrest. He has promoted the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which initially was available over the counter — until France made it prescription only.4
In Australia, if a doctor attempts to treat a COVID-19 patient with HCQ, they could be put in prison. “Since when does a doctor get put in prison to try to help a patient with a simple generic drug?” McCullough said. In South Africa, he added, a doctor was put in prison for prescribing ivermectin.
In August 2020, McCullough’s landmark paper “Pathophysiological Basis and Rationale for Early Outpatient Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection” was published online in the American Journal of Medicine.5
The follow-up paper is titled “Multifaceted Highly Targeted Sequential Multidrug Treatment of Early Ambulatory High-Risk SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19)” and was published in Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine in December 2020.6 It became the basis for the home treatment guide.
While some physician organizations have stepped up and are treating COVID-19 patients, “The ivory tower today still is not treating patients. The party line in my health system is, do not treat a COVID-19 patient as an outpatient. Wait for them to get sick enough to be admitted. Because my health system … follows the National Institutes of Health or the Centers for Disease Control, period.”
Conditioned to Wait for an Injection
With no hope of early treatment, McCullough believes that most people became conditioned to wait for an injection. “We became conditioned, after about May or so, to wear a mask, wait in isolation and be saved by the vaccine. And wait for the vaccine.
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Not you too Lyle In your libertarian society, how are sick children taken care of?
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I've just recently finished a relatively new book called "Legacies of Dachau" by Harold Marcuse a history professor in Santa Barbara. Here's what he wrote regarding the covering up of atrocities by the Nazis:
quote:
In May 1942 plans were completed for a much larger replacement building that included undressing rooms, disinfection chambers for clothing, an airtight gas chamber disguised as a shower, a morgue, and a four oven crematorium with eight incineration chambers - all neatly lined up according to the dictates of streamlined industrial processing. Although only trial gassings were conducted in the gas chamber (death by other causes supplied enough human raw material for the ovens), the furnaces reduced tens of thousands of corpses to ash between the summer of 1942 and the spring of 1945, when the death rate was so high that burials in nearby mass graves supplemented burning as a means of corpse disposal.
In 1943, when the prospect of a German victory in the war began to appear dubious, the Nazi leadership began a campaign to eradicate the physical evidence of its atrocities. Initially, as described above, this program was limited to digging up mass graves and burning the decaying human remains in them. As Allied armies, especially the Soviet Army in eastern Poland, approached the concentration and extermination camps in 1944, the cover-up of the atrocities was expanded to include the evacuation of the concentration camp inmates to camps closer to the heart of the Reich. In July 1944 the inmates of Maidanek (near the present Polish-Ukrainian border) were forced marched west to Auschwitz, and at the end of August the last 7,000 inmates of Natzweiler (near the French-German border) were transported eastward to Dachau.
end quote
Note that he says that the gas chamber at Dachau was used for "trial gassings" although a sign in the gas chamber says it was never used for gassing. The interesting thing, however, is that he thinks that the inmates were evacuated from the camps as part of a cover-up. He mentions that the inmates at Natzweiler were brought to Dachau as part of this "cover-up of the atrocities" but he doesn't mention that the Nazis completely forgot to destroy the gas chamber there, which is still being shown to tourists as a bona-fide gas chamber that was used to kill Jews.
He says that the mass graves were dug up in order to eliminate the evidence of atrocities, but the mass graveyard at Dachau is still there. The Nazis forgot to dig up the bodies there and burn them, and they also neglected to destroy the evidence of the gas chamber at Dachau, although they had two years to accomplish this before the Americans arrived.
Considering that the Nazis began a "campaign to eradicate the physical evidence of its atrocities" in 1943, they didn't get much done before the Americans arrived. They left gas chambers intact at Dachau, Natzweiler, and Mauthausen. They also left gas chambers for the Russians to find at Sachsenhausen and Majdanek. In fact, there was only one gas chamber that they managed to destroy in the Old Reich - the one at Ravensbrück, the women's camp. Today, no one even knows the exact location of the gas chamber that was destroyed there.
The Dachau Gas Chamber
Effects (Dachau, 1961)
Defensive position of educators
The Journal of Historical Review
vol. 3 no. 2 (Summer, 1982), p. 147ff
http://zundelsite.org/faurisson/book/the_diary_of_anne_frank--genuine.html
"Is The Diary of Anne Frank genuine?" by Robert Faurisson
Is The Diary of Anne Frank genuine? For two years that question was included in the official syllabus "Text and Document Criticism," a seminar reserved for degreed students in their fourth year. The conclusion of my studies and research is that The Diary of Anne Frank is a fraud.
In order to study the question posed and to find an answer to it, I have carried out the following investigations [7 total]:
Internal criticism: the very text of the Diary (in Dutch) contains a number of unlikely or inconceivable facts.
A study of the premises in Amsterdam: on the one hand, the physical impossibilities and, on the other hand, the explanations made up by Anne Frank's father severely compromise him.
The "betrayer" and the person who arrested the Franks: why has Mr. Frank wished to assure them such anonymity?
Comparison between the Dutch and German texts: attempting to make too much of it, Mr. Frank has given himself away; he has signed a literary fraud.
Internal criticism
The first step in the investigation is to determine if the text is consistent within itself. The Diary contains an extraordinary number of inconsistencies.
Let us take the example of the noises. Those in hiding, we are told, must not make the least sound. This is so much so that, if they cough, they quickly take codeine. The "enemies" could hear them. The walls are that "thin" (25 March 1943). Those "enemies" are very numerous: Lewin, who "knows the whole building well" (1 October 1942), the men from the store, the customers, the deliverymen, the agent, the cleaning woman, the night watchman Slagter, the plumbers, the "health service," the accountant, the police who conduct their searches of the premises, the neighbors both near and far, the owner, etc. It is therefore unlikely and inconceivable that Mrs. Van Daan had the habit of using the vacuum cleaner each day at 12:30 pm (5 August 1943). The vacuum cleaners of that era were, moreover, particularly noisy. I ask: "How is that conceivable?" My question is not purely formal. It is not rhetorical. Its purpose is not to show astonishment. My question is a question. It is necessary to respond to it. That question could be followed with forty other questions concerning noises. It is necessary to explain, for example, the use of an alarm clock (4 August 1943). It is necessary to explain the noisy carpentry work: the removal of a wooden step, the transformation of a door into a swinging cupboard (21 August 1942), the making of a wooden candlestick (7 December 1942). Peter splits wood in the attic in front of the open window (23 February 1944). It involved building with the wood from the attic "a few little cupboards and other odds and ends" (11 July 1942). It even involved constructing in the attic "a little compartment" for working (13 July 1943). There is a nearly constant noise from the radio, from the slammed doors, from the "resounding peal" (6 December 1943), the arguments, the shouts, the yelling, a "noise that was enough to awaken the dead." (9 November 1942). "A great din and disturbance followed I was doubled up with laughter" (10 May 1944). The episode reported on 2 September 1942 is irreconcilable with the necessity of being silent and cautious. There we see those in hiding at dinner. They chatter and laugh. Suddenly, a piercing whistle is heard. And they hear the voice of Peter who shouts through the stove pipe that he will certainly not come down. Mr. Van Daan gets up, his napkin falls and, his face flushed, he shouts: "I've had enough of this." He goes up to the attic and there, resistance and the stamping of feet.
The remarks that I am making here in regard to noises I could repeat in regard to all of the realities of physical and mental life. The Diary even presents the peculiarity that not one aspect of the life that is lived there avoids being either unlikely, incoherent, or absurd. At the time of their arrival in their hiding place, the Franks install some curtains to hide their presence. But, to install curtains at windows which did not have them up until then, is that not the best means of drawing attention to one's arrival? Is that not particularly the case if those curtains are made of pieces of "all different shapes, quality and pattern" (11 July 1942)? In order not to betray their presence, the Franks burn their refuse. But in doing this they call attention to their presence by the smoke that escapes from the roof of a building that is supposed to be uninhabited! They make a fire for the first time on 30 October 1942, although they arrived in that place on 6 July. One asks oneself what they could have done with their refuse for the 116 days of the summer. I recall, on the other hand, that the deliveries of food are enormous. In normal conditions, the persons in hiding and their guests each day consume eight breakfasts, eight to twelve lunches and eight dinners. In nine passages of the book they allude to bad or mediocre or insufficient food. Otherwise the food is abundant and "delicious." Mr. Van Daan "takes a lot of everything" and Dussel takes "enormous helpings" of food (9 August 1943) . On the spot they make wet and dry sausages, strawberry jam, and preserves in jars. Brandy or alcohol, cognac, wines, and cigarettes do not seem to be lacking either. Coffee is so common that one does not understand why the author, enumerating (23 July 1943) what each would wish to do on the day when they would be able to leave that hiding place, says that Mrs. Frank's fondest wish would be to have a cup of coffee.
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0.999864 |
Image via Wikipedia Wherever I go, I always try to think what I could do to improve a business. I’ve been doing it for years and now that it comes naturally to me, I even do it while I’m on holiday. So, as I’m holidaying in DisneyLand Paris at the moment, I couldn’t but think up something I would do to improve the place. And here it is. What is Disney’s most powerful advertising medium? TV? Print Ads? Movies? All…
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Please visit the link: https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~hovav/dist/cloudsec.pdf to Read Thomas Ristenpart, Eran Tromer, Hovav Shacham, and Stefan Savage paper entitled Hey, you, get off of my cloud: exploring information leakage in third-party compute clouds.
Then write a review of the paper for about three pages. Make sure to include in your review:
A short overview of the paper;
3 things about the paper that you appreciated;
3 limitations of the paper;
Any suggestions on how to fix the limitations of the paper.
conclusion
Answer:
Short overview of paper
The third party cloud computing is the most promising outsourcing as applied to computation services such as Microsoft’s Azure and Amazon’s EC2 which allows users to install the virtual machines. However, there is several vulnerability of third party cloud computing which has been elaborated in this given research paper.
Third party cloud computing- It has also been gaining momentum throughout the time which is installed by each and every country to increase the overall outcome of the organization (Ristenpart, et al, 2016). This third party cloud computing system is important and innovative machines which could be used by organization to extract the information and data easy and determined approach.
Cloud computing mechanism- However, with the increasing use of this third party cloud computing system, threat from the ill-intentioned users are also increasing which put negative impact on the use of this cloud computing systems (Ostermann, et al. 2009).
Other model mechanism- there are several models mechanism has been discussed in this paper such as Threat model, the E2C services, and cloud cartography, network probing and determining the software’s usage- This paper has reflected the key understanding on the cloud computing mechanism and its other associated factors. It is considered that if vulnerability associated with the cloud computing system is not mitigated then it will not only keep the users information in danger but destruct the newly implemented system as well.
Things about the paper that have been appreciated
These three things highlighted in this paper are the most important points which would be noticed by each and every user while reading this research paper. However, in order to make improvisation in this research paper some suggestion could be accepted
First thing- This research has also put emphasis upon the threat model, the E2C services, and cloud cartography, network probing and determining the software’s usage. Furthermore, graphical representation has also been made to evaluate the differences between victim launch and probe launch in cloud computing system. This paper has been prepared in such a manner that is easy to understand and interpret all the key terms of the cloud computing for the users.
Second thing- The appendix attached in this research paper divulges legal, ethical and contractual obligations associated with the third party cloud computing system. This level of understanding will help users to identify all the key problems and legal threats which will be faced by corporates while using this third party cloud computing system. Tables and graphical presentation of the plot of the IP addresses of the public EC2 servers is used in this research.
Third thing- This research is prepared to make easy understanding for the users to evaluate the complex EC2 complex data. Another most important thing in this research paper is related to vulnerability and potential threats which will be faced by organizations which are using this third party cloud computing system in their business functioning. This vulnerability will depict the potential threats and shortcoming of third party cloud computing system. This paper is also not cited by any references which is the main limitation. (Buyya, et al. 2009)
Three limitation of this paper
This vulnerability will depict the potential threats and shortcoming of third party cloud computing system.
This paper is also not cited by any references which is the main limitation.
Conclusion drawn does not contain the core value of the research and talks about only infrastructure issues and vulnerability of different parts of third party cloud computing system.
Any suggestions on how to fix the limitations of the paper
The limitation of this research paper is related to supporting all the data and information given in this report with proper referencing. However, this paper has been constructed in good format but due to high amount of data and complex information it becomes complex for the users to understand the meaning of some of the sentences (Wang, et al. 2009). This research should have also given the meaning of some of the technical terms in the section of appendix for the better understanding of the users. In addition to this, conclusion drawn does not contain the core value of the research and talks about only infrastructure issues and vulnerability of different parts of third party cloud computing system. This session should also put emphasis upon the proving recommendation to reduce the vulnerability of cloud computing (Zhang, Chengand Boutaba, 2010).
Conclusion
With the ramified changes and increasing need of innovative technologies, cloud computing has been gaining momentum throughout the time. It is evaluated that if vulnerability associated with the cloud computing system is not reduced then it will not only keep the users information in danger but also put negative impact on the outcomes drawn by using this system. Therefore, now in the end, it could be inferred that risk and vulnerability associated with the cloud computing mechanism should be taken very carefully and possible methods should be used to overcome these vulnerability.
References
Buyya, R., Yeo, C.S., Venugopal, S., Broberg, J. and Brandic, I., 2009. Cloud computing and emerging IT platforms: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering computing as the 5th utility. Future Generation computer systems, 25(6), pp.599-616.
Ostermann, S., Iosup, A., Yigitbasi, N., Prodan, R., Fahringer, T. and Epema, D., 2009, October. A performance analysis of EC2 cloud computing services for scientific computing. In International Conference on Cloud Computing (pp. 115-131). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Ristenpart. T, Tromer E, Shacham. H, Savage S, 2016,Hey, You, Get Off of My Cloud: Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds available on 23th November, from https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~hovav/dist/cloudsec.pdf
Wang, Q., Wang, C., Li, J., Ren, K. and Lou, W., 2009. Enabling public verifiability and data dynamics for storage security in cloud computing. Computer Security–ESORICS 2009, pp.355-370.
Zhang, Q., Cheng, L. and Boutaba, R., 2010. Cloud computing: state-of-the-art and research challenges. Journal of internet services and applications, 1(1), pp.7-18.
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The common law influences the decision-making process which is many unusual cases where the outcome of the products cannot be determined on the basis of the existing products.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/72--common-law-1569396583.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/law\\\/common-law.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Business Strategy\",\"description\":\"Business strategic can be defined as the method or the plan which is about to bring about the desired future. 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An accounting information system is generally used in a computer-based method of tracking the accounting activity of the conjunction and along with the information which is required in the database.\\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/61--accounting-information-systems-1569396580.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/accounting\\\/accounting-information-systems.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Organized Structure\",\"description\":\"Organizational structure is defined as the structure which is followed by the organization in order to follow out the work in the departments. The organizational structure is known to define the task of the individuals who are present in the organization. It shows who is responsible for doing various types of tasks in the organization. \\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/62--organized-structure-1569396584.png\\r\\n\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/organized-structure.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Operating System\",\"description\":\"An operating system (OS) is that the software a part of a system that is accountable for the management and coordination of activities and so the sharing of the resources of the laptop. The OS acts as a bunch for application programs that are run on the machine. \\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/63--operating-system-1569396582.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/information-technology\\\/operating-system.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Competitive Market\",\"description\":\"The term competitive market was first used by the author Leon Walrus in the late 19the century. The person gave it the first thought of rigorous definition of perfect competition and derived the main source as a result in the year 1950. The theory of the competitive market was first defined by him in the late of 19thbcentury but later on, it was revised by the authors Kenneth Arrow and Gerard Debreu.\\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/65--competitive-market-1569396582.png\\r\\n\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/competitive-market.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Retention Rate\",\"description\":\"The retention rate was introduced when there was a need for employers to calculate their retention rate of employees. Thus, this statistical tool aided them majorly in order to keep track of their employees. When it comes to contractual situations, the retention rate refers to the number of customers that are under the contract that remains when the contract expires.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/66--retention-rate-1569396583.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/marketing\\\/retention-rate.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Porters Five Force Model\",\"description\":\"Porter's Five Forces model is an instrument that analyses the competition of a business. It is derived from industrial organization economics in order to identify the five forces that address the competitive intensity and thus industrial profitability. Porter's forces refer to the microenvironment and contrast it with the macro environment. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/67--porters-five-force-model-1569396582.png\\r\\n\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/porters-five-force-model.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Economic Growth\",\"description\":\"The economic growth is generally calculated by the gross domestic product or the GDP. The growth of the economy is calculated in the real terms with the help of the value of inflation terms that era getting adjusted in the factors. The measurement of economic growth is also calculated by the use of national economic accounting that is used in the calculation of gross domestic profit. The rate of economic growth is also calculated by the economic growth which is caused by more efficient uses of inputs that is containing more and more labour, physical capital growth and GDP. \\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/68--economic-growth-1569396582.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/economic-growth.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Internal Management\",\"description\":\"The internal management also called as the internal control that is defined as the accounting or the auditing of the process for the assuring of an organization objectives in the operational management and the effectiveness of the design. Internal management is known to function with the irrelativeness of the business. The internal management is known to manage various type of functions which provided by the management, they help the business organization by managing the resources and directs the company or the business organization by doing everything for them and then by controlling the measurement which is needed by the company to handle the risk.\\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/69--internal-management-1569396584.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/internal-management.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Organizational Objectives\",\"description\":\"The organizational objectives are known as the short term and medium-term goals which the organization needs to seek to accomplish. The objectives f the organization is to develop the organizational policies and determines the allocation of the organizational resources. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/10--organizational-objectives-1569334971.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/organizational-objectives.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Business Performance\",\"description\":\"Business performance is a set of the performance management objective and the analytic process which are known to enable the management of the company with one or more than one pre-selected goals. The business performance management is known to work on three various types of activities\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/11--business-performance-1569334973.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/business-performance.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Strategic Planning Process\",\"description\":\"The strategic planning process is very essential for gaining the success of an organization in the long run. It also includes various types of steps which are needed to be followed in following the process. The definition of the strategic planning process is that it is a process which is undertaken by most of the organizations in order to develop a plan for the achievement if the long term goals and short term organizational goals. \\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/12--strategic-planning-process-1569334972.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/strategic-planning-process.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Hospital Safety\",\"description\":\"The hospital safety and care have been the main focus of the safety of the patient safety for more than two decades now and it is distinguished by a series of phrases of exploration and intervention. Each of the phases is known to bring in some success but it can be said that the workers have to work simultaneously on the process of methodology.\\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/13--hospital-safety-1569334972.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/hospital-safety.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Marketing Ethics\",\"description\":\"Business ethics is one amongst the foremost sophisticated and contentious subjects in human history. Each teachers and business leaders have studied the connection between doing the proper factor and creating cash for years with very little consensus reached. A survey by the Ethics Resource Center found that 43 of respondents believed their supervisors lacked moral integrity.\\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/14--marketing-ethics-1569334829.png\\r\\n\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/marketing\\\/marketing-ethics.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Global Marketing Strategy\",\"description\":\"Global marketing is outlined because the method of adjusting the marketing ways of your company to adapt to the conditions of different countries. Of course, international selling is over commercialism your product or service globally. It is the complete method of designing, creating, positioning, and promoting your product during an international market.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/15--global-marketing-strategy-1569334830.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/marketing\\\/global-marketing-strategy.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Environmental Analysis\",\"description\":\"Environmental analysis may be a strategic tool. It is a method to spot all the external and internal parts, which may have an effect on the organization's performance. The analysis entails assessing the amount of threat or chance the factors may gift. These evaluations are later translated into the decision-making method. The analysis helps align methods with the firm's atmosphere.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/16--environmental-analysis-1569334827.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/environmental-analysis.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"VUCA\",\"description\":\"VUCA stands for Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous. VUCA is an important aspect that has been applied in the modern business world and this has been playing a very important role in the functional ability of the corporate sectors. Several business abilities have been in this environment.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/17--vuca-environment-1569334831.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/VUCA.html\",\"grp\":\"0\"},{\"keyword\":\"Extrapolation Data\",\"description\":\"Extrapolation data is mode of the arithmetic. It is mathematical term that is used to denote the estimation that is made based on the extension and further study of the known points that has already been assessed and also top maintain and have knowledge about it. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/18--extrapolation-data-1569334832.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/maths\\\/extrapolation-data.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Deontology\",\"description\":\"Deontology is a term of moral philosophy. It is the part that ensures the moral and the psychological approach of the person. It varies as the mind varies from person to person. It is part of the ethical theory. This is mostly known as deontological ethics and also the [art of the ethical philosophy. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/19--concept-of-deontology-1569334827.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/philosophy\\\/deontology.html\",\"grp\":\"0\"},{\"keyword\":\"Long Run Average Cost Curve\",\"description\":\"Long run normal cost (LAC) can be characterized as the normal of the LTC bend or the expense per unit of yield over the long haul. It very well may be determined by the division of LTC by the amount of yield. Graphically, LAC can be gotten from the Short run Average Cost (SAC) bends. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/20--long-run-average-cost-curve-1569334827.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/economics\\\/long-run-average-cost-curve.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Pooled Experts\",\"description\":\"Human Capital Management is characterized as a procedure that guarantees the correct applicant is employed for the correct activity, prepared structure time to time, oversaw well and furthermore held in the association. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/21--pooled-experts-1569334830.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/pooled-experts.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Econometric Models\",\"description\":\"An econometric model is one of the devices market analysts use to gauge future advancements in the economy. In the most straightforward terms, econometricians measure past connections among such factors as customer spending, family unit pay, charge rates, loan fees, business, and such, and after that attempt to conjecture how changes in certain factors will influence the future course of others.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/22--criticism-of-econometric-models-1569334828.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/economics\\\/econometric-models.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Stiff Market\",\"description\":\"In financial matters the meaning of a market has a wide extension. So, naturally not all business sectors are the equivalent or comparable. We can describe market structures dependent on the challenge levels and the idea of these business sectors. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/23--stiff-market-1569334828.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/finance\\\/stiff-market.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"E-commerce Technologies\",\"description\":\"Electronic business, usually known as E-business or web based business, is exchanging items or administrations directed by means of PC systems, for example, the Internet. Electronic trade draws on advances, for example, portable business, electronic finances move, store network the board, Internet promoting, online exchange preparing, electronic information trade (EDI), stock administration frameworks, and robotized information gathering frameworks.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/24--e-commerce-technologies-1569334688.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/ecommerce\\\/e-commerce-technologies.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Corporate Philanthropy\",\"description\":\"Corporate philanthropy refers to the act of donating to a particular charity or foundation, whose target is to fight against a social evil and provide applicable solutions. These donations can be monetary as well as in-kind contribution. Moreover, the term philanthropy may be identified as love for humankind.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/25--corporate-philanthropy-1569334689.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/marketing\\\/corporate-philanthropy.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Internet Marketing\",\"description\":\"Internet marketing plan, also popularly known as online marketing, is identified as any kind of marketing or advertising efforts that take up the support of the internet, social media platforms and e-mail. The main motive of doing this is to gain direct sales through electronic commerce along with any sales that are derived from websites of even emails.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/26--internet-marketing-plan-1569334692.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/marketing\\\/internet-marketing.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"E-business Strategy\",\"description\":\"An e-business strategy is just not for the internet business. An e-business strategy is very important for a company for doing business over the internet. It defines the short term and the long term goals of the company and it involves the skilled and careful planning. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/27--e-business-strategy-1569334693.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/e-business-strategy.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"SCM Framework\",\"description\":\"Supply chain management framework help the management by framing the flow of goods and services. This framework help to structure the movement as well as the storage of the raw materials, work in progress along with the movement of the finished goods from the goods point of the origin to the point of consumption.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/28--supply-chain-management-framework-1569334690.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/scm-framework.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"3PL\",\"description\":\"Third party logistics is the organization in logistic along with supply chain management, which outsource their elements, namely distribution, fulfilment services as well as warehousing through a third party company. Third party logistics provides integrated operations such as warehousing along with transportation according to the customers needs and wants.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/29--3pls-third-party-logistics-1569334691.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/3pl.html\",\"grp\":\"0\"},{\"keyword\":\"Carbon Emissions\",\"description\":\"Carbon emission or carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere along with the emission of other Green House Gases (GHGs) can be associated with the \\\"burning of fossil fuels, like natural gas, crude oil and coal\\\". These carbon emissions are extremely harmful to the environment.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/30--carbon-emissions-1569334690.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/environmental-science\\\/carbon-emissions.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Total Quality Management\",\"description\":\"Total quality management (TQM) involves an organizational-wide efforts in order to create to a permanent workplace environment where all the staffs are motivated to work for the betterment of the business organization and utilize all their skills to their full potential. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/31--total-quality-management-1569334692.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/total-quality-management.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Capacity Management\",\"description\":\"The main aim of Capacity management is to make sure that the information technology resources are of correct size in order to achieve the current and the future business organization's requirements in a good \\\"cost effective manner\\\".\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/32--capacity-management-1569334689.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/capacity-management.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Procter and Gamble\",\"description\":\"The Proctor and Gamble Company (P&G) is an American based multinational consumer goods manufacturing corporation. The Proctor and Gamble (P&G) company have the headquarters in the downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.\\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/33--procter-and-gamble-(p&g)-1569334692.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/procter-and-gamble.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Consumer Driven Supply Network\",\"description\":\"Consumer-driven supply network helps in improvement in-store availability, reduce end-of-season markdowns, and increase supply chain operations efficiency. Consumer-driven supply network would help in making decisions that are more profitable in the business organization that would match with the strategic and tactical plans with local customer preferences, and thereby increasing the overall profitability.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/34--consumer-driven-supply-network-1569334569.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/consumer-driven-supply-network.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Socio Technical System Design\",\"description\":\"Sociotechnical system design refers to the approach to the various difficult organizational work designs that understand the interaction and conversation between human beings and the various technologies in Business Organizations. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/34--socio-technical-systems-design-1569334569.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/information-technology\\\/socio-technical-system-design.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Data Warehouse Methodology\",\"description\":\"Data Warehouse methodology mainly focuses on the \\\"bottom-up approach which mainly focuses on the value of the data warehouse to the users as fastly as possible\\\". According to this method, a data warehouse can be said as the copying of the various transactional data, which was particularly structures or made for the \\\"analytical querying and reporting in order to support the decision support system\\\".\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/35--data-warehouse-methodology-1569334567.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/information-technology\\\/data-warehouse-methodology.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Retention Tactic\",\"description\":\"Employee retention refers to the ability of an organization to retain its employees. Employee retention according to many experts can be represented by a simple statistic (for example, a retention rate of 80% usually indicates that an organization kept 80% of its employees in a given period). \\r\\n\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/36--retention-tactic-1569334568.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/retention-tactic.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Employee Demonization\",\"description\":\"Employee demonization is identifying the underperformers and providing them adequate learning to help develop professional skills. What began as a great idea - methodically attending to what people need to be most effective on the job - has become at many enterprises a hodgepodge of perfunctory surveys, consultant malpractice, and fear-mongering.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/37--employee-demonization-1569334568.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/employee-demonization.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Stewardship\",\"description\":\"Stewardship can be described as art to manage or supervise something. Stewardship is not just limited to office places but also homes. Every home, in general, used to have one person dominating everything from taking decisions to approving something.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/38--stewardship-role-1569334567.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/stewardship.html\",\"grp\":\"0\"},{\"keyword\":\"Logistic System\",\"description\":\"Logistics system is an entire set up of managing the logistics operations. This involves management of the fleet of vehicles, sending and receiving of goods and sending final products to the marketplace. The logistics system is an essential part of the entire supply chain operations.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/39--logistic-system-1569334566.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/logistic-system.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Lean Operations\",\"description\":\"Lean tasks is a methods for running an association by concentrating on giving more prominent consumer loyalty while utilizing as couple of assets as would be prudent. The goal of lean activities is twofold: Creating an incentive for clients and wiping out waste. \",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/40--lean-operations-1569334567.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/management\\\/lean-operations.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Supply Chain And RFI\",\"description\":\"Supply chain refers to activities, people, information, activities, resources and organization in business and finance that is engaged in moving the goods from the suppliers to the ultimate consumers. It involves the process of taking the raw material, component or other resources and converting into finished goods and for the purpose of transporting the goods to the end customers.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/41--supply-chain-and-rfi-1569334565.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/supply-chain-and-rfi.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"CAFE Practices\",\"description\":\"The coffee and farmer equity or the C.A.F.E practises were started by the SSC in association with conservation international and Starbucks. These are some of the standards for ensuring that sustainably processed and grown coffee is being sourced by the company Starbucks.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/60--cafe-practices-1569334537.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/cafe-practices.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Oligopoly And 7p\",\"description\":\"Oligopoly refers to a market condition in which the large sellers of small numbers occupy it. Different types of collusions lead to oligopolies where there is reduced competition and there are higher prices for the customers. There is a different market structure of oligopolies.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/42--oligopoly-and-7p-1569334413.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/oligopoly-and-7p.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Core Functional Areas\",\"description\":\"The Core functional areas basically comprise of the following departments in order to carry out the activities properly. The Human resource department looks all the people of the organization which is the most important asset of the organization and it is the duty of the HR department to look after recruitment and others.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/43--functional-areas-1569334414.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/core-functional-areas.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Market Research\",\"description\":\"Market research can be used for the purpose of understanding the trends of the market place, size of the target market, it helps in identifying the best location suitable for the purpose of carrying on business, in understanding how the business faces competition, it helps in understanding the patterns of buying behaviour.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/44--market-research-1569334414.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/marketing\\\/market-research.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Distribution Channels\",\"description\":\"A distribution channel is a chain of business organization or several intermediaries that are interrelated with each other and the channels. All these channels are connected with each other and help in the merchandising and growth of commercialism.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/45--distribution-channels-1569334383.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/distribution-channels.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Material Flow\",\"description\":\"The term material flow is denoted by the growth of the consumerism and the circulation of the products in a global market. Globalization is highly influenced by the material flow of the companies and the business organizations. Mostly the industrial materials are traded and also the amount of the raw material are traded. The supply of material flow is termed as industrial flow.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/46--material-flow-1569334369.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/material-flow.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Inter Relationships\",\"description\":\"Interrelationships are known as the connections as well as the interaction between the people, or the group of people or the parts of the system which are within the system or are outside the system. Interrelationships also can often explain the success or the failure of the business venture.\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mahcms.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/47--inter-relationships-1569334351.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/myassignmenthelp.com\\\/business\\\/Inter-relationships.html\",\"grp\":\"1\"},{\"keyword\":\"Customer Oriented Attitude\",\"description\":\"Customer orientation is a business strategy in the lean business model which is known to require the employees and the management. 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A federation (Latin: foedus, foederis, 'covenant'), also known as a federal state,EKAS.gee is a type of sovereign state characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central (federal) government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of the central government.
The form of government or constitutional structure found in a federation is known as federalism (see also federalism as a political philosophy). It can be considered the opposite of another system, the unitary state. The government of Germany with sixteen federated Länder is an example of a federation, whereas neighboring Austria and its Bundesländer was a unitary state with administrative divisions that became federated, and neighboring France by contrast has always been unitary.
Federations may be multi-ethnic, or cover a large area of territory, although neither is necessarily the case. Federations are most often founded on an original agreement between a number of sovereign states based on mutual concerns or interests. The initial agreements create a stability that encourages other common interests, brings the disparate territories closer, and gives them all even more common ground. At some time this is recognized and a movement is organized to merge more closely. Other times, especially when common cultural factors are at play such as ethnicity and language, some of these steps in this pattern are expedited and compressed.
The international council for federal countries, the Forum of Federations, is based in Ottawa, Ontario. It helps share best practices among countries with federal systems of government, and currently includes nine countries as partner governments.
Federations and other forms of state
In a federation the component states are regarded as in some sense sovereign, insofar as certain powers are reserved to them that may not be exercised by the central government. However, a federation is more than a mere loose alliance of independent states. The component states of a federation usually possess no powers in relation to foreign policy and so they enjoy no independent status under international law.
Some federations are called asymmetric because some states have more autonomy than others. An example of such a federation is Malaysia, in which Sarawak and Sabah entered the federation on different terms and conditions from the states of Peninsular Malaysia.
A federation often emerges from an initial agreement between a number of separate states. The purpose can be the will to solve mutual problems or to provide for mutual defense, or to create a nation state for an ethnicity spread over several states. The former was the case with the United States and Switzerland, the latter with Germany. However, as the history of countries and nations varies, the federalist system of a state can be quite different from these models. Australia, for instance, is unique in that it came into existence as a nation by the democratic vote of the citizens of each State who voted "yes" in referendums to adopt the Australian Constitution. Brazil on the other hand, has experienced both the federal and the unitary state through its history; some present day States of the Federation retain the borders set during Portuguese colonization (i.e. previous to the very existence of Brazilian state), whereas the latest State (Tocantins) was created by the 1988 Constitution, chiefly for administrative reasons.
Eight of ten of the world's largest countries by area are governed as federations.
Unitary states
A unitary state is sometimes one with only a single, centralised, national tier of government. However, unitary states often also include one or more self-governing regions. The difference between a federation and this kind of unitary state is that in a unitary state the autonomous status of self-governing regions exists by the sufferance of the central government, and may be unilaterally revoked. While it is common for a federation to be brought into being by agreement between a number of formally independent states, in a unitary state self-governing regions are often created through a process of devolution, where a formerly centralised state agrees to grant autonomy to a region that was previously entirely subordinate. Thus federations are often established voluntarily from 'below' whereas devolution grants self-government from 'above'.
It is often part of the philosophy of a unitary state that, regardless of the actual status of any of its parts, its entire territory constitutes a single sovereign entity or nation-state, and that by virtue of this the central government exercises sovereignty over the whole territory as of right. In a federation, on the other hand, sovereignty is often regarded as residing notionally in the component states, or as being shared between these states and the central government.[1]
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How does COVID-19 impact bond portfolios? Fifth Third Bank offers insight on how investors should embrace market volatility and bond portfolios.
It’s no secret that the COVID-19 pandemic has turned on the tap for stock market volatility, but what might be surprising for many investors is how it’s impacted their bond portfolios.
During the first quarter of this year, 30-year Treasuries soared more than 25% as investors around the world sought the relative safety of bonds backed by the U.S. government. Meanwhile, even some of the most credit-worthy corporate bonds endured losses, and some of the riskiest segments of the bond market, namely high-yield bonds, saw double-digit declines.
The bond market has since moved a little closer to something resembling normal, but investors should brace for continued volatility—even in bonds. Losses of any kind can be stressful, but it’s important to keep sight of the critical roles bonds play in an overall portfolio: in addition to providing steady income (albeit quite a bit less when rates are this low) many, but not all, categories of bonds help soften the blow of stock market losses.
Here’s how Covid-19 has impacted bonds.
Government Bonds: The Long and Short of It
U.S. government bonds tend to be the wallflowers of the market, but the sudden shocks beginning in late February coupled with lower interest rates created a rally in government bonds.
Prices, remember, move in the opposite direction as yields. When rates rise, new bonds are issued with higher interest payments, making existing bonds less attractive; their prices go down. The opposite happens when rates decline. The higher yields on existing bonds makes them more attractive, so prices go up.
Bonds with shorter durations, or time to maturity, are less vulnerable to interest rate ups and downs, making short-term government bonds one of the safer options in any environment. During the market selloff in the first quarter, short-term government bond funds gained more than 2%, on average, according to Morningstar Direct. Intermediate-term government bond funds—which own bonds with an average duration between two and 10 years—returned more than 4% during that time.
The most profound swings happened with long-term bonds—particularly those slated to mature decades from now. During the first quarter, funds that own these bonds returned more than 20% on average. Investors shouldn’t expect those kinds of returns going forward. In fact, these long U.S. Treasuries have seen wild swings up—and down—as investors have vacillated between seeking safety and seeking bargains in the stock market.
U.S. Corporate Bonds: Where Credit is Due
As the Covid-19 crisis put the brakes on the economy, the same panic that sent stock prices plunging sent investors fleeing corporate bonds across the board. High-quality corporate bond funds—which carry BBB credit ratings or better—fell nearly 13% during the height of the selloff, ending the first quarter down 3%.
Looking at it another way, the “spread” between corporate bonds and Treasuries with the same maturity reached its widest point in more than 20 years, according to Morningstar.
The worry for investors in corporate bonds is that an economic downturn will lead to bond defaults—corporate borrowers not paying their loans. While this is a real risk, especially for high-yield bonds (bonds rated below BBB and otherwise known as “junk”), this was a classic case of the market throwing out the baby with the bathwater.
Rationality returned as bond fund managers and institutional investors saw that the pendulum had swung too far. Investment-grade corporate bonds went on to recover and were recently up more than 1% for the current year through April 28. The highest-quality (AA) corporates were recently up more than 4%. The riskiest corporates, however, are still trading in the red.
Mortgage-Backed and Municipal Bonds
Mortgage-backed securities and municipal bonds are also key components of most bond portfolios—and their performance has taken widely different paths over the last couple of months.
As the name suggests, mortgage-back securities are made up of mortgages that get bundled together (securitized) and parsed out to investors in the form of mortgage-backed securities, or MBS. This market is composed primarily of agency MBS, which own mortgages backed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. This group has held up surprisingly well throughout this crisis and was recently up more than 3% for the year through April 28.
Municipal bonds—namely, debt issued by state and local governments—have not fared so well in recent months, and understandably. The Covid-19 pandemic has hit many states and cities with the double whammy of increased spending needs and decreased tax revenue. Tax-exempt municipal bonds have declined more than 1.5% nationally, with hard-hit states, such as New York, experiencing the biggest declines.
This does not mean investors should abandon their municipal bonds or any of their bond holdings or mutual funds. History has shown that investors tend to do best if they ride out the waves, and not be tempted to jump ship—assuming it was the right one in the first place.
The views expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of Fifth Third Bank, National Association and are solely the opinions of the authors. This article is for informational purposes only. It does not constitute the rendering of legal, accounting, or other professional services by Fifth Third Bank, National Association or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates, and are provided without any warranty whatsoever. Deposit and credit products provided by Fifth Third Bank, National Association. Member FDIC.
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A few weeks back, my co-blogger John Lee blogged about the worldwide success of the Lebanese diaspora and used this to argue against the hypothesis that people in a conflict-torn and economically unsuccessful region will necessarily be unsuccessful elsewhere in the world. Reading John’s post led me to ask the question: what about Lebanon’s immigration policy? Prima facie, Lebanon appears to be the poster child of the problems with a liberal immigration policy for refugees, ranging from political externalities (electing a new people) to culture clash. Here’s what Wikipedia’s page on the Lebanese Civil War states (footnotes and hyperlinks removed):
The Lebanese Civil War (Arabic: الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية) was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities. Today approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within Lebanon. There was also a mass exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon.
The government of Lebanon had been dominated by Maronite Christians since the state was created as a safe haven for them by the French colonial powers. However, the country had a large Muslim population and many pan-Arabist and Left Wing groups which opposed the pro-western government. The establishment of the state of Israel and the displacement of a hundred thousand Palestinian refugees to Lebanon (around 10% of the total population of the country) changed the demographic balance in favour of the Muslim population. The Cold War had a powerful disintegrative effect on Lebanon, which was closely linked to the polarization that preceded the 1958 political crisis, since Maronites sided with the West while Left Wing and pan-Arab groups sided with Soviet aligned Arab countries.
The militarization of the Palestinian refugee population, with the arrival of the PLO forces after their expulsion from Jordan during Black September, sparked an arms race amongst the different Lebanese political factions and provided a foundation for the long-term involvement of Lebanon in regional conflicts. Fighting between Maronite and Palestinian forces began in 1975, and Left Wing, pan-Arabist and Muslim Lebanese groups later allied with the Palestinians. During the course of the fighting, alliances shifted rapidly and unpredictably: by the end of the war, nearly every party had allied with and subsequently betrayed every other party at least once. Furthermore, foreign powers meddled in the war, such as Israel and Syria which supported and fought alongside different factions. Peace keeping forces, such as the Multinational Force in Lebanon and UNIFIL, were also stationed in Lebanon.
So, Lebanon first let in lots of Maronite Christian refugees (under French colonial rule), leading to a Christian-dominated government. Then, they let in lots of Palestinian (mostly Muslim) refugees (in the wake of the creation of Israel and subsequent hostilities) leading to the tipping of the population scales in favor of Muslim domination. Net result: 15 years of civil war.
Bleg for anybody interested:
What lessons, if any, does the story of Lebanon hold for migration policy worldwide?
What other parts of the world, current or historical, resemble the pre-civil war situation in Lebanon?
What parts of the world might resemble Lebanon if they moved to considerably more liberal immigration policies, particularly policies that approximate “open borders” as discussed on this site?
UPDATE 1: I discovered a lengthy article by Steve Sailer titled Diversity Is Strength! It’s Also … Lebanonization. Choice excerpts (hyperlinks removed):
Although many in our ahistorical punditariat had declared that Iraq was going to be “the first Arab democracy”, Lebanon was a successful democracy beginning in 1943, when it gained independence from France. It enjoyed a free press, women’s suffrage (from 1953), and a booming economy centered on banks, trade, and tourism.
And then it all came tumbling down. A hellish civil war erupted in 1975 and flared on and off into the early 1990s, with 100 different militias pounding each other with artillery duels inside Beirut.
Although it’s hard now to remember, during its three decades of stability and prosperity, Beirut was known as the “Paris of the Arab World”.
The more serious problem: Lebanon’s demographics shifted. The constitution was based on the 1932 census, when Christians comprised 54 percent of the population. Regrettably, but predictably, the best educated ethnicity, the Christians, had the lowest birthrate and were most likely to emigrate. In contrast, the poor and backward Shi’ites proliferated—and stayed put.
As the demographics changed, the original distribution of power among the groups became increasingly contentious. The Shi’ites demanded a new census. The Christians, who predominated in the cushiest government jobs and were guaranteed half the seats in the legislature, resisted.
Then, immigration became the straw that broke the fragile Lebanese camel’s back. David Lamb, the Los Angeles Times correspondent in the Middle East, wrote in his 1988 book The Arabs:
“Lebanon worked, however artificially, then because one group, the Christians, were clearly in control, lesser minorities were given freedom to maneuver as long as they didn’t get too uppity and everyone who mattered was making money. Tensions and hostilities festered only beneath the surface. But in 1970 Lebanon’s delicate balance was upset.”
Palestinian refugees had started arriving in 1948 and sped up after the 1967 Six Day War. Then, in the “Black September” of 1970, King Hussein of Jordan turned on Yassir Arafat’s Palestinian Liberation Organization and booted them out of his country. They relocated to Lebanon.
By 1973, Palestinians made up one tenth of Lebanon’s population, and were radicalizing. They forged alliances with the other outsiders, the Druze. And PLO attacks on Israel brought retribution raining down on Lebanon as a whole, outraging the ruling Maronites.
On April 13, 1975, four Christians were killed in a drive-by shooting of a church. Later that day, a Maronite Phalangist militia massacred 27 Palestinians on a bus. The country descended into civil war, polarizing along Christian-Muslim lines, but with many strange alliances and rapid betrayals.
UPDATE 2: Here’s an EconLog comment by Ali about Lebanon (emphasis mine):
Mr. Econotarian, what race/ethnicity is ILLEGAL? And why on earth should Americans embrace people of any race/ethnicity who do not respect us or our laws? Yeah, you’re libertarian, but government does provide services other than welfare and THAT depends on the cooperation of the members of society. If someone makes their first act here breaking the law, and they’re rewarded for it, why on earth would they think they have to follow ANY laws? Moreover, as for “diversity” doing away with welfare, it may well do that–and with the nation itself. My grandparents, Arab Christians, left Lebanon because that country became so diverse it fell apart.
UPDATE 3: Bryan Caplan’s post Does Conflict Immigrate? is tangentially related.
UPDATE 4: A lengthy response article (in German) to Steve Sailer’s claims about Lebanon.
Vipul Naik
Vipul Naik founded the Open Borders website in March 2012. See also:
Vipul Naik’s personal statement
Vipul Naik’s description of open borders on his personal site
Page about Vipul Naik on Open Borders
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5 thoughts on “Lebanon and political externalities bleg”
Mike says:
June 18, 2013 at 8:03 pm
This is a great topic. I can’t think of any other country off the top of my head that has had an experience similar to Lebanon’s. Maybe Israel? In that case the newcomers didn’t so much throw the country into turmoil as they did turn the tables, oppress the former residents and then throw the whole region into turmoil.
Historically, it seems like massive waves of immigration have also been accompanied by war, as with the various tribes that entered Europe (and China) in successive waves, or the groups that invaded the British Isles.
I suspect that there are some examples in Africa, but I am not sufficiently familiar with the history of that continent.
Also, it should probably be pointed out that immigration can not really be pinpointed as the main culprit in Lebanon’s conflict. The region has been ethnically and religiously diverse for a very long time, and conflict has occurred off and on throughout its history. The civil war that broke out in the 70’s was also a result of the waning influence of colonial power, the conflicts set in motion by the creation of Israel, and powerful latent tensions. Importantly, the national boundaries drawn by the colonial powers in the first place contained the seeds for conflict. Immigration and refugees surely played a role, but we shouldn’t overstate that role.
In any case, an important question has been brought up: what factors determine whether immigration will contribute to social collapse? Lebanon is an example of a country that seemed prosperous for a few decades, but was seething below the surface. Are we that fragile?
One factor that may be important is that France wrote Lebanon’s constitution to balance the power of Christian’s and Muslim’s. Its political system was based on religious identity. Changing demographics may be more upsetting to countries who depend on a particular balance (or homogeneity).
Reply
Chris Hendrix says:
June 20, 2013 at 10:08 pm
Not sure I have too much to say with this situation except it’s worth considering Lebanon within the wider context of it’s neighbors. In the Middle East and North Africa, Lebanon is tied for the third most developed non-oil producing country in the region (behind Israel and Cyprus, and tied with Georgia, though whether Georgia is really a part of the Middle East may be up for debate while including Turkey actually wouldn’t place Lebanon any lower on the list). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index#Middle_East_and_North_Africa). Considering that more religiously uniform countries like Libya and Syria have still managed to have civil wars in recent years, we can even begin to question how safe avoiding immigration makes a country from violence. Indeed having more non-muslims in a non-oil producing country seems to help development (though this is just eyeballing the list and there may not be a statistically significant effect involved).
Reply
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COLOUR
EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
($premature, @results) = run_tests(\&test_sub)
cmp_result(\%result, \%expect, $name)
cmp_results(\@results, \@expects, $name)
($premature, @results) = check_tests(\&test_sub, \@expects, $name)
($premature, @results) = check_test(\&test_sub, \%expect, $name)
show_space()
HOW IT WORKS
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
LICENSE
#NAME
Test::Tester - Ease testing test modules built with Test::Builder
#SYNOPSIS
use Test::Tester tests => 6;
use Test::MyStyle;
check_test(
sub {
is_mystyle_eq("this", "that", "not eq");
},
{
ok => 0, # expect this to fail
name => "not eq",
diag => "Expected: 'this'\nGot: 'that'",
}
);
or
use Test::Tester tests => 6;
use Test::MyStyle;
check_test(
sub {
is_mystyle_qr("this", "that", "not matching");
},
{
ok => 0, # expect this to fail
name => "not matching",
diag => qr/Expected: 'this'\s+Got: 'that'/,
}
);
or
use Test::Tester;
use Test::More tests => 3;
use Test::MyStyle;
my ($premature, @results) = run_tests(
sub {
is_database_alive("dbname");
}
);
# now use Test::More::like to check the diagnostic output
like($results[0]->{diag}, "/^Database ping took \\d+ seconds$"/, "diag");
#DESCRIPTION
If you have written a test module based on Test::Builder then Test::Tester allows you to test it with the minimum of effort.
#HOW TO USE (THE EASY WAY)
From version 0.08 Test::Tester no longer requires you to included anything special in your test modules. All you need to do is
use Test::Tester;
in your test script before any other Test::Builder based modules and away you go.
Other modules based on Test::Builder can be used to help with the testing. In fact you can even use functions from your module to test other functions from the same module (while this is possible it is probably not a good idea, if your module has bugs, then using it to test itself may give the wrong answers).
The easiest way to test is to do something like
check_test(
sub { is_mystyle_eq("this", "that", "not eq") },
{
ok => 0, # we expect the test to fail
name => "not eq",
diag => "Expected: 'this'\nGot: 'that'",
}
);
this will execute the is_mystyle_eq test, capturing its results and checking that they are what was expected.
You may need to examine the test results in a more flexible way, for example, the diagnostic output may be quite long or complex or it may involve something that you cannot predict in advance like a timestamp. In this case you can get direct access to the test results:
my ($premature, @results) = run_tests(
sub {
is_database_alive("dbname");
}
);
like($result[0]->{diag}, "/^Database ping took \\d+ seconds$"/, "diag");
or
check_test(
sub { is_mystyle_qr("this", "that", "not matching") },
{
ok => 0, # we expect the test to fail
name => "not matching",
diag => qr/Expected: 'this'\s+Got: 'that'/,
}
);
We cannot predict how long the database ping will take so we use Test::More's like() test to check that the diagnostic string is of the right form.
#HOW TO USE (THE HARD WAY)
This is here for backwards compatibility only
Make your module use the Test::Tester::Capture object instead of the Test::Builder one. How to do this depends on your module but assuming that your module holds the Test::Builder object in $Test and that all your test routines access it through $Test then providing a function something like this
sub set_builder
{
$Test = shift;
}
should allow your test scripts to do
Test::YourModule::set_builder(Test::Tester->capture);
and after that any tests inside your module will captured.
#TEST RESULTS
The result of each test is captured in a hash. These hashes are the same as the hashes returned by Test::Builder->details but with a couple of extra fields.
These fields are documented in Test::Builder in the details() function
#ok
Did the test pass?
#actual_ok
Did the test really pass? That is, did the pass come from Test::Builder->ok() or did it pass because it was a TODO test?
#name
The name supplied for the test.
#type
What kind of test? Possibilities include, skip, todo etc. See Test::Builder for more details.
#reason
The reason for the skip, todo etc. See Test::Builder for more details.
These fields are exclusive to Test::Tester.
#diag
Any diagnostics that were output for the test. This only includes diagnostics output after the test result is declared.
Note that Test::Builder ensures that any diagnostics end in a \n and it in earlier versions of Test::Tester it was essential that you have the final \n in your expected diagnostics. From version 0.10 onward, Test::Tester will add the \n if you forgot it. It will not add a \n if you are expecting no diagnostics. See below for help tracking down hard to find space and tab related problems.
#depth
This allows you to check that your test module is setting the correct value for $Test::Builder::Level and thus giving the correct file and line number when a test fails. It is calculated by looking at caller() and $Test::Builder::Level. It should count how many subroutines there are before jumping into the function you are testing. So for example in
run_tests( sub { my_test_function("a", "b") } );
the depth should be 1 and in
sub deeper { my_test_function("a", "b") }
run_tests(sub { deeper() });
depth should be 2, that is 1 for the sub {} and one for deeper(). This might seem a little complex but if your tests look like the simple examples in this doc then you don't need to worry as the depth will always be 1 and that's what Test::Tester expects by default.
Note: if you do not specify a value for depth in check_test() then it automatically compares it against 1, if you really want to skip the depth test then pass in undef.
Note: depth will not be correctly calculated for tests that run from a signal handler or an END block or anywhere else that hides the call stack.
Some of Test::Tester's functions return arrays of these hashes, just like Test::Builder->details. That is, the hash for the first test will be array element 1 (not 0). Element 0 will not be a hash it will be a string which contains any diagnostic output that came before the first test. This should usually be empty, if it's not, it means something output diagnostics before any test results showed up.
#SPACES AND TABS
Appearances can be deceptive, especially when it comes to emptiness. If you are scratching your head trying to work out why Test::Tester is saying that your diagnostics are wrong when they look perfectly right then the answer is probably whitespace. From version 0.10 on, Test::Tester surrounds the expected and got diag values with single quotes to make it easier to spot trailing whitespace. So in this example
# Got diag (5 bytes):
# 'abcd '
# Expected diag (4 bytes):
# 'abcd'
it is quite clear that there is a space at the end of the first string. Another way to solve this problem is to use colour and inverse video on an ANSI terminal, see below COLOUR below if you want this.
Unfortunately this is sometimes not enough, neither colour nor quotes will help you with problems involving tabs, other non-printing characters and certain kinds of problems inherent in Unicode. To deal with this, you can switch Test::Tester into a mode whereby all "tricky" characters are shown as \{xx}. Tricky characters are those with ASCII code less than 33 or higher than 126. This makes the output more difficult to read but much easier to find subtle differences between strings. To turn on this mode either call show_space() in your test script or set the TESTTESTERSPACE environment variable to be a true value. The example above would then look like
# Got diag (5 bytes):
# abcd\x{20}
# Expected diag (4 bytes):
# abcd
#COLOUR
If you prefer to use colour as a means of finding tricky whitespace characters then you can set the TESTTESTCOLOUR environment variable to a comma separated pair of colours, the first for the foreground, the second for the background. For example "white,red" will print white text on a red background. This requires the Term::ANSIColor module. You can specify any colour that would be acceptable to the Term::ANSIColor::color function.
If you spell colour differently, that's no problem. The TESTTESTERCOLOR variable also works (if both are set then the British spelling wins out).
#EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
#($premature, @results) = run_tests(\&test_sub)
\&test_sub is a reference to a subroutine.
run_tests runs the subroutine in $test_sub and captures the results of any tests inside it. You can run more than 1 test inside this subroutine if you like.
$premature is a string containing any diagnostic output from before the first test.
@results is an array of test result hashes.
#cmp_result(\%result, \%expect, $name)
\%result is a ref to a test result hash.
\%expect is a ref to a hash of expected values for the test result.
cmp_result compares the result with the expected values. If any differences are found it outputs diagnostics. You may leave out any field from the expected result and cmp_result will not do the comparison of that field.
#cmp_results(\@results, \@expects, $name)
\@results is a ref to an array of test results.
\@expects is a ref to an array of hash refs.
cmp_results checks that the results match the expected results and if any differences are found it outputs diagnostics. It first checks that the number of elements in \@results and \@expects is the same. Then it goes through each result checking it against the expected result as in cmp_result() above.
#($premature, @results) = check_tests(\&test_sub, \@expects, $name)
\&test_sub is a reference to a subroutine.
\@expect is a ref to an array of hash refs which are expected test results.
check_tests combines run_tests and cmp_tests into a single call. It also checks if the tests died at any stage.
It returns the same values as run_tests, so you can further examine the test results if you need to.
#($premature, @results) = check_test(\&test_sub, \%expect, $name)
\&test_sub is a reference to a subroutine.
\%expect is a ref to an hash of expected values for the test result.
check_test is a wrapper around check_tests. It combines run_tests and cmp_tests into a single call, checking if the test died. It assumes that only a single test is run inside \&test_sub and include a test to make sure this is true.
It returns the same values as run_tests, so you can further examine the test results if you need to.
#show_space()
Turn on the escaping of characters as described in the SPACES AND TABS section.
#HOW IT WORKS
Normally, a test module (let's call it Test:MyStyle) calls Test::Builder->new to get the Test::Builder object. Test::MyStyle calls methods on this object to record information about test results. When Test::Tester is loaded, it replaces Test::Builder's new() method with one which returns a Test::Tester::Delegate object. Most of the time this object behaves as the real Test::Builder object. Any methods that are called are delegated to the real Test::Builder object so everything works perfectly. However once we go into test mode, the method calls are no longer passed to the real Test::Builder object, instead they go to the Test::Tester::Capture object. This object seems exactly like the real Test::Builder object, except, instead of outputting test results and diagnostics, it just records all the information for later analysis.
#CAVEATS
Support for calling Test::Builder->note is minimal. It's implemented as an empty stub, so modules that use it will not crash but the calls are not recorded for testing purposes like the others. Patches welcome.
#SEE ALSO
Test::Builder the source of testing goodness. Test::Builder::Tester for an alternative approach to the problem tackled by Test::Tester - captures the strings output by Test::Builder. This means you cannot get separate access to the individual pieces of information and you must predict exactly what your test will output.
#AUTHOR
This module is copyright 2005 Fergal Daly <[email protected]>, some parts are based on other people's work.
Plan handling lifted from Test::More. written by Michael G Schwern <[email protected]>.
Test::Tester::Capture is a cut down and hacked up version of Test::Builder. Test::Builder was written by chromatic <[email protected]> and Michael G Schwern <[email protected]>.
#LICENSE
Under the same license as Perl itself
See http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html
Perldoc Browser is maintained by Dan Book (DBOOK). Please contact him via the GitHub issue tracker or email regarding any issues with the site itself, search, or rendering of documentation.
The Perl documentation is maintained by the Perl 5 Porters in the development of Perl. Please contact them via the Perl issue tracker, the mailing list, or IRC to report any issues with the contents or format of the documentation.
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