texonom/texonom-md · Datasets at Hugging Face

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**Kiali**	OpenShift Service Mesh	null	null	null	null	null	> [1.3.3. Kiali 이해 OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 \| Red Hat Customer Portal](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/ko-kr/openshift_container_platform/4.9/html/service_mesh/_understanding-kiali)	a70ec332eac64bcb8df992f97bc60d10
minishift	Openshift Tool	null	null	null	null	null	### helps you run OpenShift locally by running a single-node OpenShift cluster inside a VM > [minishift/minishift](https://github.com/minishift/minishift)	8d36444fc8614e5cb11deb28af98a38a
Kubernetes Operator	Kubernetes Extensions	Jul 19, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Jul 4, 2023	[Kubernetes API](https://texonom.com/kubernetes-api-74c7a6b490c84cd89807b60f397974e2) [Kubernetes Operator Pattern](https://texonom.com/kubernetes-operator-pattern-6b2d8b0de0324c8393746313dbf87e97)	## Kubernetes API Client open source toolkit to manage Kubernetes native applications, called Operators, in an effective, automated, and scalable way CRD기반의 애플리케이션 및 컴포넌트를 관리하는 Kubernetes API 확장 개념 운영자가 주로 사용하는 작업들을 Kubernetes가 제공하는 이상으로 자동화를 하기 위한 방법 Operattor Framework은 CoreOS에서 시작되었고, 현재는 CoreOS를 인수한 Redhat에서 리딩 Operator Framework은 Cloud에서 하나의 Architecture Pattern으로 분류되며 단순한 작업을 자동화하기 위해 등장한 패턴 ### Kubernetes Operators \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[Helm Operator](https://texonom.com/helm-operator-0c2042751a684ae1bdfaf7b6990388bf)\| \|[Flagger](https://texonom.com/flagger-63cbb147524b4de882c69561350b5935)\| Operator란 쿠버네티스 클러스터 위에서 동작하며 Custom Resource를 이용하여 쿠버네티스와 동일한 방법으로 리소스를 관리하는 소프트웨어 > [[Kubernetes - Operator] Kubernetes상의 Operator 나름대로 정리](https://ccambo.blogspot.com/2020/12/kubernetes-operator-kubernetes-operator.html) > [Helm Operator 소개](https://coffeewhale.com/kubernetes/gitops/helm/2020/05/13/helm-operator/)	6fe2e78fd8804e4bbdc5ef9143a0caad
Flagger	Kubernetes Operators	Jul 4, 2023	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Jul 4, 2023	[Flux CD](https://texonom.com/flux-cd-a1b9f1720f4f4198b6d9426ab70cedcd)	[flagger](https://github.com/fluxcd/flagger) > [Flagger](https://fluxcd.io/flagger/)	63cbb147524b4de882c69561350b5935
Helm Operator	Kubernetes Operators	Jul 19, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Jul 4, 2023		Helm Operator란 Helm Chart를 Custom Resource처럼 관리할 수 있게 해주는 Operator Custom Resource가 생성될 때 helm chart를 설치해주고 (helm install) 리소스가 삭제될 때, helm list에서 삭제 (helm delete)합니다. Helm Operator에서 이 Custom Resource를 HelmRelease라고 부릅니다. 사용자가 HelmRelease라는 Custom Resource를 생성하게 되면 Helm Operator가 자체적으로 control loop를 살펴보다 변경된 것을 감지하여 새로운 helm release를 배포 > [Helm Operator 소개](https://coffeewhale.com/kubernetes/gitops/helm/2020/05/13/helm-operator/)	0c2042751a684ae1bdfaf7b6990388bf
kubescape	Kubernetes Hardening Tools	Aug 24, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Aug 24, 2021		testing if Kubernetes is deployed securely as defined in Kubernetes Hardening Guidance by to NSA and CISA > [GitHub - armosec/kubescape: kubescape is the first tool for testing if Kubernetes is deployed securely as defined in Kubernetes Hardening Guidance by to NSA and CISA (https://www.nsa.gov/News-Features/Feature-Stories/Article-View/Article/2716980/nsa-cisa-release-kubernetes-hardening-guidance/)](https://github.com/armosec/kubescape?utm_source=tldrnewsletter)	bbe5b58f2ab646b4979873b8cf33ce86
k8s container runtime	Kubernetes Setups	May 3, 2020	null	null	null	null	> [컨테이너 런타임](https://kubernetes.io/ko/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/)	f58b96f7a4f844c095b2645886cc131d
Arkade	Kubernetes Package Managers	Feb 6, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 9, 2022		installing helm charts, with a single command downloading your favourite devops CLIs [arkade](https://github.com/alexellis/arkade)	30c2c5e0b03446d092e8db41e7bd783e
Helm	Kubernetes Package Managers	May 3, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 11, 2023		### kubernetes package manager 헬름은 charts 라는 패키지 포맷을 사용 ### Helm Notion \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[Helm Chart](https://texonom.com/helm-chart-ddca3a02c78244539067deaa8ff532ec)\| \|[helm operator](https://texonom.com/helm-operator-e47bc2c8f4184670bbc0f33e46d0fe9e)\| ### Helm Usages \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[Helm CLI](https://texonom.com/helm-cli-0ab3531397774c49abc0ceb797de926c)\| \|[Helm Folder](https://texonom.com/helm-folder-76f1b00e0782434287310b8b201954ba)\| \|[Helm Dashboard](https://texonom.com/helm-dashboard-c8a4eef13b024d4d9943aed761b642af)\| ### Install > [Installing Helm](https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/)	d5e13cf8c52741ad9c708baa4c537f07
Kubernate	Kubernetes Package Managers	Jan 16, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 9, 2022	[kubernate](https://github.com/laurci/kubernate)	### Generate K8s Yml > [kubernate](https://www.npmjs.com/package/kubernate) > [Introduction](https://kubernate.dev/)	5e475ede2b9b451c9b4219d2c3f7ea0c
Kustomize	Kubernetes Package Managers	Jul 20, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 9, 2022		helm에 비해 가볍고 간단한 Customization of kubernetes YAML configurations > [kubernetes-sigs/kustomize](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize)	46ce95f07efd43de9982e9c5aaef958c
Timoni	Kubernetes Package Managers	Jul 4, 2023	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Jul 4, 2023	[Cue Lang](https://texonom.com/cue-lang-b7d92dcd1c264de9a0610c34da2ded62)	[timoni](https://github.com/stefanprodan/timoni) > [timoni](https://timoni.sh/)	8ef2e5eea627455393ede3067e8471fc
Helm Chart	Helm Notion	May 14, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 11, 2023		Application 배포할때 Helm Chart 를 작성해서배포 차트는 쿠버네티스 리소스와 관련된 셋을 설명하는 파일의 모음 파드를 배포하는 것처럼 단순한 형태나 완전한 웹앱 같이 복잡한 형태로 사용 > [차트](https://helm.sh/ko/docs/topics/charts/)	ddca3a02c78244539067deaa8ff532ec
helm operator	Helm Notion	May 14, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 11, 2023		> [Helm Operator 소개](https://coffeewhale.com/kubernetes/gitops/helm/2020/05/13/helm-operator/)	e47bc2c8f4184670bbc0f33e46d0fe9e
Helm CLI	Helm Usages	Mar 11, 2023	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 11, 2023		```typehelm install {{package}}```	0ab3531397774c49abc0ceb797de926c
Helm Dashboard	Helm Usages	Jul 20, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 11, 2023		Helm GUI [helm-dashboard](https://github.com/komodorio/helm-dashboard)	c8a4eef13b024d4d9943aed761b642af
Helm Folder	Helm Usages	Mar 11, 2023	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 11, 2023		```typewordpress/ Chart.yaml # 차트에 대한 정보를 가진 YAML 파일 LICENSE # 옵션: 차트의 라이센스 정보를 가진 텍스트 파일 README.md # 옵션: README 파일 values.yaml # 차트에 대한 기본 환경설정 값들 values.schema.json # 옵션: values.yaml 파일의 구조를 제약하는 JSON 파일 charts/ # 이 차트에 종속된 차트들을 포함하는 디렉터리 crds/ # 커스텀 자원에 대한 정의 templates/ # values와 결합될 때, 유효한 쿠버네티스 manifest 파일들이 생성될 템플릿들의 디렉터리 templates/NOTES.txt # 옵션: 간단한 사용법을 포함하는 텍스트 파일```	76f1b00e0782434287310b8b201954ba
Kubernetes Framework	Kubernetes Tools	Aug 29, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Aug 29, 2022		### Kubernetes Frameworks \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[kubeless](https://texonom.com/kubeless-0b4a495ca59b458080848a19cf6611c5)\| \|[Acorn](https://texonom.com/acorn-b03168afb8aa4bc4beecadf88b677811)\|	c7f4ebaa19854cfba79a4e5b37bafc47
Kubernetes Platform	Kubernetes Tools	Sep 26, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 1, 2022		### Kubernetes Platforms \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[Rancher](https://texonom.com/rancher-dfad6278baa14199aec592cfbac724a0)\| \|[kubersphere](https://texonom.com/kubersphere-95b263d482d1498798a268d6084f5ea3)\| \|[Octant](https://texonom.com/octant-215e1cd6030b4cea98266816699e98aa)\| \|[ ](https://texonom.com/c5bb5ddf46994097be57512fa721150f)\| ### Kubernetes Providers \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[Okteto](https://texonom.com/okteto-47eb2f02da5f43feb07ce8eb05622a79)\|	d33cee6f5179400facc920be1f89ed89
Kubernetes Policy Manager	Kubernetes Tools	Apr 15, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 15, 2022		### Kubernetes Policy Managers \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[Kyverno](https://texonom.com/kyverno-23efb67b8cdc477abf177cdcf8747fb3)\|	5e090e98c53741bfb467d8a87a7e2400
Kubernetes Virtualization	Kubernetes Tools	Dec 5, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Jul 27, 2022		[cloud-hypervisor](https://github.com/cloud-hypervisor/cloud-hypervisor) ### k8s Virtualization Tools \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[KubeVirt](https://texonom.com/kubevirt-e0280824040c4a14a2ad83986f93d775)\| \|[Virtoml](https://texonom.com/virtoml-b0af5b604e284200a5896a355c2fe111)\| ### Kubevirt > [Yes, you can run VMs on Kubernetes with KubeVirt](https://opensource.com/article/20/9/vms-kubernetes-kubevirt)	7e07e6fea02f4d9d84fa999c93b71db4
Acorn	Kubernetes Frameworks	Aug 29, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Aug 29, 2022	[acorn](https://github.com/acorn-io/acorn)	### containerized application deployment on Kubernetes ```typecontainers: { nginx: { image: "nginx" ports: publish: "80/http" files: { "/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html": "<h1>Hi mom!</h1>" } }}``` ```typeacorn buildacorn pushacorn run``` > [Acorn Labs \| Kubernetes Application Deployment](https://acorn.io/)	b03168afb8aa4bc4beecadf88b677811
kubeless	Kubernetes Frameworks	Dec 5, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Aug 29, 2022		serverless kubernetes framework	0b4a495ca59b458080848a19cf6611c5
[Porter](https://texonom.com/porter-6175d15302bc40468141a779f76fa893)	Kubernetes Platforms	May 3, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 1, 2022			c5bb5ddf46994097be57512fa721150f
kubersphere	Kubernetes Platforms	May 3, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 1, 2022		> [kubesphere/kubesphere](https://github.com/kubesphere/kubesphere)	95b263d482d1498798a268d6084f5ea3
Octant	Kubernetes Platforms	Oct 15, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 1, 2022		> [Octant](https://www.jacobbaek.com/1025) > [vmware-tanzu/octant](https://github.com/vmware-tanzu/octant)	215e1cd6030b4cea98266816699e98aa
Rancher	Kubernetes Platforms	Nov 8, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 22, 2022	[rancher](https://github.com/rancher/rancher)	> [Rancher - SLEXN, Inc](https://www.slexn.com/rancher/)	dfad6278baa14199aec592cfbac724a0
Rancher Labs	Rancher Notion	Jun 13, 2023	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Jun 13, 2023		Rancher Labs are now part of [SUSE Linux Enterprise](https://texonom.com/suse-linux-enterprise-d508c664d58745ab88db903d2a395806)	df8e2220d6a44c559c47df1d30d495e7
Rancher Version	Rancher Notion	Apr 14, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 14, 2022		### Rancher Versions \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[Rancher v2.4](https://texonom.com/rancher-v24-71ae37ebdaef4a67aefb0e50f7171bec)\| \|[Rancher v2.5](https://texonom.com/rancher-v25-894267745d20428e9fcb8c6b6752cce7)\|	687ba4d5231d4b8391261fc5d9578a6b
Rancher v2.4	Rancher Versions	Nov 8, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 14, 2022		the Rancher management server can be installed on either an RKE cluster or a K3s Kubernetes cluster > [3. Install Kubernetes (Skip for Docker Installs)](https://rancher.com/docs/rancher/v2.x/en/installation/other-installation-methods/air-gap/launch-kubernetes/)	71ae37ebdaef4a67aefb0e50f7171bec
Rancher v2.5	Rancher Versions	Nov 8, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 14, 2022		Rancher can be installed on any Kubernetes cluster	894267745d20428e9fcb8c6b6752cce7
Rancher Cluster Manager	Rancher Usages	May 22, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 22, 2022			89392fc29f954058b90c9f54e91078d6
Rancher Dashboard	Rancher Usages	Apr 14, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 22, 2022		음청좋다	c589e980f19f4f01907ce28ea597bf1c
Rancher Desktop	Rancher Usages	Oct 10, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Nov 10, 2022	[Docker Desktop](https://texonom.com/docker-desktop-780fb02d28034259ba004345c7046aa4) [Podman Desktop](https://texonom.com/podman-desktop-c5e2d0d5db1c497783eb81ea004b2c23)	## All in One container based development environment ### Rancher Desktop Notion \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[Rancher Desktop Structure](https://texonom.com/rancher-desktop-structure-6d0a4048050f4d3a9a82423f7a42acf6)\| \|[Rancher Desktop Volume](https://texonom.com/rancher-desktop-volume-f45630b5b53745869a782e454392aa99)\| ### Rancher Desktop Usages \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[Rancher Desktop Init](https://texonom.com/rancher-desktop-init-0591f11cd6d1415393885237761d160f)\| \|[Rancher Desktop CLI](https://texonom.com/rancher-desktop-cli-a334194f6be545bfa5c305178cd753b2)\| ### Document > [Introduction \| Rancher Desktop Docs](https://docs.rancherdesktop.io/) > [Kubernetes and container management on the desktop](https://rancherdesktop.io/)	f338920739e74491bc5334409b83eece
Rancher Kim	Rancher Usages	Oct 10, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 14, 2022		## Kubernetes Image Manager `kim` enables building images locally, natively on your `[k3s](https://k3s.io/)` cluster like docker `build/push/pull/tag` backend consisting of a [BuildKit](https://texonom.com/buildkit-9e62a890bb634491be206776997fdaed) daemon bound to the Kubelet's underlying containerd socket > [GitHub - rancher/kim: In ur kubernetes, buildin ur imagez](https://github.com/rancher/kim)	0134417b60ce4fbd8966063c880085de
Rancher OS	Rancher Usages	Oct 10, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 14, 2022		### Everything in RancherOS is a container managed by Docker [Linux Distribution](https://texonom.com/linux-distribution-9c2b7cfb96f143f4bbc05d0414aa6c01) smallest, easiest way to run Docker in production [Docker](https://texonom.com/docker-103c7b90450f45bda55b9b75d0d9e73a) ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F7577e72a-34be-4b6a-a969-56dc9193fbd7%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=5647c6f9-8908-4912-977f-14dc94273a29&cache=v2) > [GitHub - rancher/os: Tiny Linux distro that runs the entire OS as Docker containers](https://github.com/rancher/os)	71cc9cde9b4441759a742f53fc404077
Rancher Desktop Structure	Rancher Desktop Notion	May 22, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Nov 10, 2022	[Rancher Kim](https://texonom.com/rancher-kim-0134417b60ce4fbd8966063c880085de) [Helm](https://texonom.com/helm-d5e13cf8c52741ad9c708baa4c537f07) [Lima](https://texonom.com/lima-53d5829cbee34df984ef501117e3a088)	![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F2d286aa7-5935-43f5-b379-466a4b38db3d%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=0ba3fa66-7e8e-4c2b-aa55-18cc108dbf8e&cache=v2)	6d0a4048050f4d3a9a82423f7a42acf6
Rancher Desktop Volume	Rancher Desktop Notion	May 18, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 22, 2022		> [Volumes and Storage](https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/storage/)	f45630b5b53745869a782e454392aa99
Rancher Desktop CLI	Rancher Desktop Usages	May 22, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 22, 2022	[nerdctl](https://texonom.com/nerdctl-32eaaff03fc242e0943d43474aab0d8b) [kubectl](https://texonom.com/kubectl-bea1db76245d4d8ebf8117974ac63994)	`nerdctl`, a mostly docker compatible CLI, is now included with Rancher Desktop can use docker also instead of `containerd `for using images which use [Docker API](https://texonom.com/docker-api-07a619bc6ae74f3ebcd1933c5fb014df)	a334194f6be545bfa5c305178cd753b2
Rancher Desktop Init	Rancher Desktop Usages	Oct 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 22, 2022		### Windows - start rancher desktop and docker desktop else error ### Mac ```typesudo mkdir -p /usr/local/binsudo chown $USER /usr/local/bin``` [Insufficient permission to manipulate /usr/local/bin](https://github.com/rancher-sandbox/rancher-desktop/issues/1155)	0591f11cd6d1415393885237761d160f
Okteto	Kubernetes Providers	Jun 17, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 1, 2022			47eb2f02da5f43feb07ce8eb05622a79
Okteteo DNS	Okteto Usage	Mar 9, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 9, 2022		### Root DNS ```typeapiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata: name: hello-service annotations: dev.okteto.com/auto-ingress: "domain"spec: type: ClusterIP ports: - name: "hello-world" port: 8080 selector: app: hello-world``` subdomain is auto mapped > [Custom Domain Names for your Applications \| Okteto Documentation](https://www.okteto.com/docs/cloud/custom-domains/)	72ed5c5c32b84ceda52fad29f8415a71
Okteteo Kubernetes	Okteto Usage	Mar 9, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 9, 2022			0380d00c910c42439240e3165a9bca0e
Okteto Auto Ingress	Okteto Usage	Mar 9, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 9, 2022		ssl dns	e1ebc2cf94cc4519b17c53b6ade85a97
Okteto CLI	Okteto Usage	Mar 9, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 9, 2022		### Okteto CLIs \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[okteto namespace](https://texonom.com/okteto-namespace-d648a44c8cf043838afc5bc22d8b5ded)\| \|[okteto login](https://texonom.com/okteto-login-7717c282aecd485ba9437431b228cf3b)\| \|[okteto analytics](https://texonom.com/okteto-analytics-5055ea1b74804fe19b1d5eb7f4bb7cc3)\| ### install > [Okteto CLI \| Okteto Documentation](https://www.okteto.com/docs/getting-started/installation/)	fc3d68ecac9f4390b0eb036206537adb
Okteto Enterprise	Okteto Usage	Mar 9, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 9, 2022		self hosted	56b35a629aca4c2caffbf0fe72f17596
Okteto Pipeline	Okteto Usage	Mar 9, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 9, 2022		> [Configure your Okteto Pipeline \| Okteto Documentation](https://www.okteto.com/docs/cloud/okteto-pipeline/)	e46242b39a2f4f1b85565b076c6dff3d
Okteto Stack	Okteto Usage	Jun 17, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 9, 2022	[Compose Spec](https://texonom.com/compose-spec-08f93c987ee44b2598229df98b23bede)	```typeokteto stack deploy --wait``` ### start > [Untitled](https://okteto.com/docs/tutorials/stacks-getting-started) ### manifest example & port endpoint > [Stacks Manifest Reference \| Okteto Documentation](https://okteto.com/docs/reference/stacks/)	b60cac7bbc88427e9fff9a1ca0fc9f66
okteto analytics	Okteto CLIs	Mar 9, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 9, 2022		### disable ```typeokteto analytics -d```	5055ea1b74804fe19b1d5eb7f4bb7cc3
okteto login	Okteto CLIs	Mar 9, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 9, 2022		login to cluster	7717c282aecd485ba9437431b228cf3b
okteto namespace	Okteto CLIs	Mar 9, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 9, 2022		change namespace shortcut	d648a44c8cf043838afc5bc22d8b5ded
Kyverno	Kubernetes Policy Managers	Apr 15, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Apr 15, 2022	[kyverno](https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno) [Kustomize](https://texonom.com/kustomize-46ce95f07efd43de9982e9c5aaef958c)		23efb67b8cdc477abf177cdcf8747fb3
KubeVirt	k8s Virtualization Tools	Oct 15, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Jul 27, 2022		> [Yes, you can run VMs on Kubernetes with KubeVirt](https://opensource.com/article/20/9/vms-kubernetes-kubevirt)	e0280824040c4a14a2ad83986f93d775
Virtoml	k8s Virtualization Tools	Jul 27, 2022	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Jul 27, 2022		[virtink](https://github.com/smartxworks/virtink)	b0af5b604e284200a5896a355c2fe111
DKOS	Mesos	null	null	null	null	null	mesos를 이용한 카카오의 Kubernetes as a Service Kubernetes의 라이브 업그레이드(Kubernetes Live Upgrade)를 API 형태로 제공 > [Kubernetes 운영을 위한 etcd 기본 동작 원리의 이해](https://tech.kakao.com/2021/12/20/kubernetes-etcd/)	6e193ea1eb6740bdb544992641b4d2ed
ECR	Container Registries	Mar 28, 2020	null	null	null	null	Amazon Elastic Container Registry(ECR)는 개발자가 Docker 컨테이너 이미지를 손쉽게 저장, 관리 및 배포할 수 있게 해주는 완전관리형 Docker 컨테이너 레지스트리입니다 > [Amazon ECR \| Amazon Web Services](https://aws.amazon.com/ko/ecr/)	7af48bd13f014fec8c204cad7c7d4247
GCR	Container Registries	Mar 28, 2020	null	null	null	null	> [이미지 관리 \| Container Registry 문서 \| Google Cloud](https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/docs/managing?hl=ko) ```typegcloud auth configure-docker```	19fdab44b794432097fa93c4f9d5e858
Harbor	Container Registries	Mar 28, 2020	null	null	null	null	> [Harbor가 무엇인가?](https://happyer16.tistory.com/entry/Harbor%EA%B0%80-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80) > [goharbor/harbor](https://github.com/goharbor/harbor)	92f4be267c6043259c1bb7d80a96689f
Page 1	Options	Mar 28, 2020	null	null	null	null	### function ```type```	65d07f72777d475db801caaf572d0d6b
Skopeo	Container Registry Tools	Sep 27, 2020	null	null	null	null	Skopeo는 이미지 저장소에서 다양한 작업을 수행하는 명령줄 도구입니다. 기존 도커가 다른 레지스트리에 이미지를 복사하기 위해 pull, tag, push를 사용했다면 Skopeo는 간단하게 copy 명령으로 해당 기능을 제공합니다. 추가로 저장소에 있는 이미지 이름에 대해 로우 레벨 정보를 제공 > [GPU Accelerated SQL queries with PostgreSQL & PG-Strom in OpenShift-3.10](https://www.openshift.com/blog/gpu-accelerated-sql-queries-with-postgresql-pg-strom-in-openshift-3-10) ### Container Registries 1 \|Title\| \|:-:\|	163433db1b8c49f5a7252e61e1b1f706
Moby	Linux Container Tools	Oct 8, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Mar 6, 2022		### open-source project created by Docker Docker is committed to using Moby as the upstream for the Docker Product > [GitHub - moby/moby: Moby Project - a collaborative project for the container ecosystem to assemble container-based systems](https://github.com/moby/moby) > [Moby](https://mobyproject.org/)	6d2c1aa8fe8443d3915a8798d70e8314
Cachy-sched	Linux Scheduler	null	null	null	null	null	> [hamadmarri/cachy-sched](https://github.com/hamadmarri/cachy-sched)	0709b2b9a263461d894e61fe7fa06ae0
Cgroup	Linux Process Usages	Jan 25, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Aug 9, 2023		### Control group [Cgroup image](https://texonom.com/cgroup-image-9dc6b9c0e8b4469db60f321beb19cae2) [cgroup model](https://texonom.com/cgroup-model-bb5d75ab24e54782abed21e0458426ff) [cgroup init](https://texonom.com/cgroup-init-bbd8a0f289514ccb8e8249276ad67f19) [cgcreate](https://texonom.com/cgcreate-f9f7a30db6eb44698e6a41f9808e2e74) [cgset](https://texonom.com/cgset-aebb07a8241947d79e20ee1ac7abfba0) [cgexec](https://texonom.com/cgexec-73a54bdbbfb84265adecec78f7072c96) > [[cgroup] 1. cgroup 이란?](https://sonseungha.tistory.com/535) > [[Linux] cgroups](https://hwwwi.tistory.com/12) > [Docker(container)의 작동 원리: namespaces and cgroups](https://tech.ssut.me/what-even-is-a-container/)	1f5d5331ae4d4985aec7622d0f73d8c9
chroot	Linux Process Usages	Sep 27, 2020	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Aug 9, 2023		```typemkdir new-root/lib -pmkdir new-root/lib64 -pmkdir new-root/bin -pcp /bin/bash new-root/bin/ldd /bin/bashcp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 new-root/lib/cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 new-root/lib/cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 new-root/lib/cp /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 new-root/lib64/chroot new-root /bin/bash``` root 밖으로 벗어날 수 없음 일반적으로 하지만 `escape_chroot.c` 같은 파일로 탈옥가능 탈옥했다는 거는 real root를 취득했다는 말 ### docker image chroot ```typecd /tmpmkdir nginx-rootdocker export $(docker create nginx) \| tar -C nginx-root -xvf -chroot nginx-root /bin/shls``` > [Google Cloud metrics \| Cloud Monitoring](http://cloud.google.com/monitoring/api/metrics_gcp#gcp-run)	b803f17de1a544d2b793173bdf4adf75
daemon	Linux Process Usages	Nov 5, 2019	Alan Jo	Seong-lae Cho	Aug 9, 2023		### demons exec by init Httpd: HTTP 혹은 HTTPS요청을 처리하는 웹 서버 Sendmail: 전자메일 서버 NFS: 네트워크 파일 시스템으로 UNIX 시스템 간의 파일을 공유할 수 있도록 한 파일 시스템 Inetd: 트래픽이 많지 않은 네트워크 서비스들을 대신해 Listening하는 데몬telnet, ftp 등과 같이 사용이 간헐적이거나 많이 않은 서비스가 항상 메모리에 상주되지 않고, 요청이 있을때만 메모리에 로딩될 수 있도록 대신해서 요청을 listening합니다.	98a9eccfcea84dfc8f4f1dd5efb6df46
Linux Namespace	Linux Process Usages	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Aug 9, 2023	[unshare](https://texonom.com/unshare-b040be409b56418388c4ede1cc2c6932) [PID](https://texonom.com/pid-723d5306e37c4ad7bc41198cc01abffb) [Linux Container](https://texonom.com/linux-container-4d5f19a0756449b5a61227cefb6e33e4)	### process' namespace information Child Inherit Parent namespace - `/proc/{pid}/ns` > - `/proc/{pid}/ns/mnt` 컨테이너 파일 시스템이나 네트워킹과 같은 시스템 리소스를 가상화할 수 있게하는 근간기술 두개의 다른 프로세스가 한 호스트에서 동일한 PID를 가질 수 있다는 것을 의미 ### Linux Namespaces \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[linux mount namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-mount-namespace-4078ad8d99414c0d8e9af75844334bff)\| \|[linux uts namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-uts-namespace-a683b819309a4a6da02e2eb492300679)\| \|[linux ipc namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-ipc-namespace-68ffa717ef164d74971b9ae0e26c3192)\| \|[linux network namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-network-namespace-65863fd528c1444fa6f6c2409568a9df)\| \|[linux pid namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-pid-namespace-68583a6820e349f4a46777e618831fa1)\| \|[linux user namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-user-namespace-79957c4a9b9c4d4ba27e59ffe8a58389)\| \|[linux cgroup namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-cgroup-namespace-b6b33939b3e44f3aaa225678b61ba8e5)\| \|[linux time namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-time-namespace-5007830828434527905538e0a55a1bb9)\| \|[linux syslog namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-syslog-namespace-9b452ba29c9c446d839efe9188b20588)\| ### Linux Namespace Packages \|Title\| \|:-:\| \|[lsns](https://texonom.com/lsns-8a20d6ba2a324adeb489c8ad6fc066ec)\| \|[unshare](https://texonom.com/unshare-b040be409b56418388c4ede1cc2c6932)\| \|[ip netns](https://texonom.com/ip-netns-e4b19e654f4442a7a5fdc03d158874fa)\| \|[nsenter](https://texonom.com/nsenter-7833b118469f4c5f8b0daef7e80db526)\| ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F0f2a26ff-1071-4080-a6dd-e94c6bf9798a%2FIMG_1401.jpg?table=block&id=eb9d0c78-b7d4-47a7-a6e3-a357c6450d9b&cache=v2) ### API > [The Linux kernel user-space API guide — The Linux Kernel documentation](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/userspace-api/) > [흔들리는 도커(Docker)의 위상: OCI와 CRI 중심으로 재편되는 컨테이너 생태계](https://www.samsungsds.com/global/ko/support/insights/docker.html) > [[번역]쿠버네티스 패킷의 삶 - #1](https://coffeewhale.com/packet-network1)	7467966a140049f4b869a784d36d9852
pivot_root	Linux Process Usages	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Aug 9, 2023		root의 file system을 새로 만들어서 탈옥 못하게 함 ```typepivot_root [new-root] [old-root]``` ```typecd /tmpmkdir nginx-rootdocker export $(docker create nginx) \| tar -C nginx-root -xvf -mkdir new-rootmount -n -t tmpfs -o size=800M none ./new-rootcp -r nginx-root/* ./new-rootmkdir ./new-root/old-rootcd new_rootunshare -mpivot_root . old-rootcd /ls``` > [2편.컨테이너 인터널(2)](https://netpple.github.io/docs/make-container-without-docker/container-internal-2)	db766edf74b14b24859cfcba7f99d4f9
cgcreate	Cgroup	null	null	null	null	null	- a option owner - g option [controllers:path] ```typecgcreate -a root -g cpu:mycgroupcd /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/mycgroupcat cpu.cfs__period_uscat cpu.cfs__quota_us```	f9f7a30db6eb44698e6a41f9808e2e74
cgexec	Cgroup	null	null	null	null	null	```typegcexec -g cpu:mycgroup stress -c 1```	73a54bdbbfb84265adecec78f7072c96
Cgroup image	Cgroup	null	null	null	null	null	![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F21766ba4-7880-44fd-ac24-116065fbf5be%2FFB_IMG_1578439778910.jpg?table=block&id=64f1dd5b-7703-4a0b-a775-de54d66bbef8&cache=v2)	9dc6b9c0e8b4469db60f321beb19cae2
cgroup init	Cgroup	null	null	null	null	null	cgroup은 두 가지 방법으로 사용할 수 있습니다. 1. cgroup 가상파일시스템을 마운트하여 파일 및 디렉토리를 조작하는 방법 2. 사용자 도구 사용 (Debian, ubuntu는 cgroup-bin / RHEL, CentOS는 libcgroup) cgroup의 실체는 파일시스템입니다. cgroup은 오직 프로세스(태스크) 들을 그룹화 하는 역할만 하며 내부적으로 자원을 제한하거나 할당하는 역할은 서브시스템에서 수행됩니다. ```typeapt install -y cgroup-tools stress```	bbd8a0f289514ccb8e8249276ad67f19
cgroup model	Cgroup	null	null	null	null	null	### Cgroup 모델 Cgroup은 다음과 같은 점에서 프로세스와 유사합니다: - 계층적이다. - 자식 cgroup은 부모 cgroup에서 특정 속성을 상속한다.	bb5d75ab24e54782abed21e0458426ff
cgset	Cgroup	null	null	null	null	null	```typecgset -r cpu.cfs_quota_us=30000 mycgroup```	aebb07a8241947d79e20ee1ac7abfba0
ip netns	Linux Namespace Packages	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021		```typeip netns add [namespace name]ip netns list```	e4b19e654f4442a7a5fdc03d158874fa
lsns	Linux Namespace Packages	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021		list names ### list namespace ```typelsns - list namespaceslsns -t net -p $$``` -p pid -t [type of namespace]	8a20d6ba2a324adeb489c8ad6fc066ec
nsenter	Linux Namespace Packages	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021		```typensenter --net=/var/run/netns/mynet```	7833b118469f4c5f8b0daef7e80db526
unshare	Linux Namespace Packages	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021		- `m` option divide mount namespace process [linux mount namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-mount-namespace-4078ad8d99414c0d8e9af75844334bff) - `u` option uts namespace - `n` option isolate network namespaces - `p` option isolate pid namespaces	b040be409b56418388c4ede1cc2c6932
linux cgroup namespace	Linux Namespaces	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021			b6b33939b3e44f3aaa225678b61ba8e5
linux ipc namespace	Linux Namespaces	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021		### Isolate System V IPC, Posix message Queues ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fec968570-bbbf-4c60-80c1-3e5713933b51%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=58eaf6d1-7215-420a-bfe4-85a69fd750e6&cache=v2) > [2편.컨테이너 인터널(2)](https://netpple.github.io/docs/make-container-without-docker/container-internal-2)	68ffa717ef164d74971b9ae0e26c3192
linux mount namespace	Linux Namespaces	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021		최초의 namespace ```typeunshare -m /bin/bashmkdir /tmp/mount_nsmount -n -t tmpfs /tmp/mount_ns```	4078ad8d99414c0d8e9af75844334bff
linux network namespace	Linux Namespaces	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	Jan 21, 2023		### devices, stacks, ports ... ```typeip netns add clientip netns add serverip netns listip link add veth-client type veth peer name veth-serverip link list \| grep veth``` veth network peer is network cable > [[번역]쿠버네티스 패킷의 삶 - #1](https://coffeewhale.com/packet-network1)	65863fd528c1444fa6f6c2409568a9df
linux pid namespace	Linux Namespaces	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021			68583a6820e349f4a46777e618831fa1
linux syslog namespace	Linux Namespaces	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021			9b452ba29c9c446d839efe9188b20588
linux time namespace	Linux Namespaces	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021			5007830828434527905538e0a55a1bb9
linux user namespace	Linux Namespaces	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021		보안상 중요 root 권한 문제해결 uid gid 다르게 설정	79957c4a9b9c4d4ba27e59ffe8a58389
linux uts namespace	Linux Namespaces	May 11, 2021	Alan Jo	Alan Jo	May 11, 2021		Isolates Hostname and domain name ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fec968570-bbbf-4c60-80c1-3e5713933b51%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=bf772a64-e116-4285-b205-007e58d5bbec&cache=v2) > [2편.컨테이너 인터널(2)](https://netpple.github.io/docs/make-container-without-docker/container-internal-2)	a683b819309a4a6da02e2eb492300679
Linux File Permission	Linux Security	null	null	null	null	null	> [리눅스CentOS7 - 파일 디렉터리의 소유권와 허가권](https://hihighlinux.tistory.com/22) ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F1f3a0d9a-bab8-489c-9bf9-abdd09ed16ab%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=11e8f6e0-d69b-48e7-83af-b863aff40712&cache=v2) ```typels -al```	c845ed3e8d634db0b631fcf5e50b63a1
Linux Memory Protection	Linux Security	null	null	null	null	null	[Linux ASLR](https://texonom.com/linux-aslr-e9fdde68758548048c028c7a2e343d67) [Linux DEP](https://texonom.com/linux-dep-5ca3b3479c1449269ab72ece716caf84) [Linux ASCII-Armor](https://texonom.com/linux-ascii-armor-efa8d73031da45a4a32cf42016ac6b03) [Linux Stack Canary](https://texonom.com/linux-stack-canary-394fd596e4b946caa1efdd83db7e82a8) ```typecat /proc/self/maps``` [RTL Attack](https://texonom.com/rtl-attack-e9890522417d4d6c837d9fe3c65a0bc8) [bof 취약점](https://texonom.com/bof-5b178835535542679d90bd63cd92bdd9) > [linux 환경에서의 메모리 보호기법을 알아보자(1)](https://bpsecblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/memory_protect_linux_1/)	4aa261be97af44898a3e8627ac9b7cd7
SELinux	Linux Security	null	null	null	null	null	미국 국가안전보장국이 제공하는 리눅스 커널에 강제 액세스 제어 기능을 추가한 기능 프로세스에서 수행 할 수있는 작업을 제한 SELinux는 프로세스마다 액세스 제한을 거는 TE(Type Enforcement)와 root 를 포함한 모든 사용자에게 제어를 거는 RBAC(Role-based Access Control) 등으로 root 에게 권한이 집중되는 것을 막아줌 ### disable ```typesudo nano /etc/selinux/config# SELINUX=disabledrebootgetenforce# Disabled``` ### http issue ```typechcon -R -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t /var/www/mywebaudit2why < /var/log/audit/audit.logsemanage fcontext -l\|grep html\|grep httpd_sys_rw_content_tsetsebool -P httpd_unified 1``` ### http > [RHEL/CentOS 7 httpd SELinux policy 변경](https://www.lesstif.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=27984832) > [개발자를 위한 인프라 기초 총정리](https://futurecreator.github.io/2018/11/09/it-infrastructure-basics/index.html)	0e9d36ff5e5342d28b8caa57bad9cf8a
bof 취약점	Linux Memory Protection	null	null	null	null	null		5b178835535542679d90bd63cd92bdd9
Linux ASCII-Armor	Linux Memory Protection	null	null	null	null	null	### ASCII-Armor란, 공유라이브러리 영역의 상위 주소에 0x00을 포함시키는 방법 RTL(Return To Library) 공격에 대응하기 위한 방법으로 공격자가 라이브러리를 호출하는 Buffer Overflow 공격을 해도 NULL바이트를 삽입 > [linux 환경에서의 메모리 보호기법을 알아보자(1)](https://bpsecblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/memory_protect_linux_1/)	efa8d73031da45a4a32cf42016ac6b03
Linux ASLR	Linux Memory Protection	null	null	null	null	null	### Address Space Layout Randomization ASLR이란, 메모리상의 공격을 어렵게 하기 위해 스택이나 힙, 라이브러리 등의 주소를 랜덤으로 프로세스 주소 공간에 배치함으로써 실행할 때 마다 데이터의 주소가 바뀌게 하는 기법 disable aslr ```typeecho 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space``` - *randomize_va_space=0** : ASLR 해제* - *randomize_va_space=1** : 랜덤 스택 & 랜덤 라이브러리 설정* - *randomize_va_space=2** : 랜덤 스택 & 랜덤 라이브러리 & 랜덤 힙 설정* > [linux 환경에서의 메모리 보호기법을 알아보자(1)](https://bpsecblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/memory_protect_linux_1/)	e9fdde68758548048c028c7a2e343d67
Linux DEP	Linux Memory Protection	null	null	null	null	null	## Data Execution Prevention DEP란, 데이터 영역에서 코드가 실행되는 것을 막는 기법 공격자가 Buffer Overflow 공격을 일으켜 return address를 스택상의 한 주소(쉘코드가 위치한 주소)로 변경해서 데이터 영역 코드 실행을 하려는 걸 먹음 실행권한이 없게 만든다 > [linux 환경에서의 메모리 보호기법을 알아보자(1)](https://bpsecblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/memory_protect_linux_1/)	5ca3b3479c1449269ab72ece716caf84
Linux Stack Canary	Linux Memory Protection	null	null	null	null	null	함수 진입 시 스택에 SFP(Saved Frame Pointer)와 return addressr 정보를 저장할 때, 이 정보들이 공격자에 의해 덮어씌워지는 것으로부터 보호하기 위해 스택상의 변수들의 공간과 SFP 사이에 특정한 값을 추가하는데 이 값을 Canary 공격자가 return address를 조작하기 위해 Buffer Overflow 공격을 시도할 때, return address를 덮기 이전에 Canary 값이 먼저 덮어지기 때문에 이 Canary 값의 변조 유무로 Buffer Overflow를 탐지 ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F46cfc596-ec11-4895-b546-58094dbafe41%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=8c3f955d-45f0-4bce-a667-b1f1249ca7a3&cache=v2) > [linux 환경에서의 메모리 보호기법을 알아보자(1)](https://bpsecblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/memory_protect_linux_1/)	394fd596e4b946caa1efdd83db7e82a8
RTL Attack	Linux Memory Protection	null	null	null	null	null	Return address에 libc 내의 함수를 덮어씌워 쉘코드 없이 exploit libc라고 하는 공유 라이브러리 내의 함수로 리턴하게 하여 프로그램의 실행흐름을 조작하는 공격	e9890522417d4d6c837d9fe3c65a0bc8
Linux CA	Linux Shared Data	null	null	null	null	null	- `/usr/local/share/ca-certificates`	c3f18ead40cc4d2ca17211cd69f342f7
Linux Fonts	Linux Shared Data	null	null	null	null	null	- `/usr/local/share/fonts` and `~/.fonts`	1e294786eb03486094892be9cf7c568d
Linux gid	Linux User	null	null	null	null	null		7726a32f97bc4ba8b6d6bd70a8e6249b
Linux uid	Linux User	null	null	null	null	null		19887dad99d54873bc9566211aebf8c2
LVM	Linux Volume	null	null	null	null	null	Logical Volume을 효율적이고 유연하게 관리하기 위한 커널의 한 부분이자 프로그램 기존에는 파일시스템이 블록 장치에 직접 접근해서 읽고/쓰기를 했다면 LVM을 사용하면 파일 시스템이 LVM이 만든 가상의 블록 장치에 읽고/쓰기를하게 된다. 현재 LVM1과 LVM2가 있으며, LVM2는 LVM1이상으로 기능이 개선됌 vgconvert 명령어로 LVM1 포멧에서 LVM2 포멧으로 변환이 가능하다. # term PV(Physical Volume) PE(Physical Extent) - LV(Logical Volume)의 LE(Logical Extent)들과 1:1로 맵핑된다. 그렇기에 항상 PE와 LE의 크기는 동일하다. VG(Volume Group) ### LVM Important Notions > [정윤상이다](https://kit2013.tistory.com/199)	0b7b9a26ec6049759ac0bd7d0c0ef084

****Kiali****

OpenShift Service Mesh

null

> [1.3.3. Kiali 이해 OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 | Red Hat Customer Portal](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/ko-kr/openshift_container_platform/4.9/html/service_mesh/_understanding-kiali)

a70ec332eac64bcb8df992f97bc60d10

minishift

Openshift Tool

null

### helps you run OpenShift locally by running a single-node OpenShift cluster inside a VM > [minishift/minishift](https://github.com/minishift/minishift)

8d36444fc8614e5cb11deb28af98a38a

Kubernetes Operator

Kubernetes Extensions

Jul 19, 2020

Alan Jo

Jul 4, 2023

[Kubernetes API](https://texonom.com/kubernetes-api-74c7a6b490c84cd89807b60f397974e2) [Kubernetes Operator Pattern](https://texonom.com/kubernetes-operator-pattern-6b2d8b0de0324c8393746313dbf87e97)

## Kubernetes API Client open source toolkit to manage Kubernetes native applications, called Operators, in an effective, automated, and scalable way CRD기반의 애플리케이션 및 컴포넌트를 관리하는 Kubernetes API 확장 개념 운영자가 주로 사용하는 작업들을 Kubernetes가 제공하는 이상으로 자동화를 하기 위한 방법 Operattor Framework은 CoreOS에서 시작되었고, 현재는 CoreOS를 인수한 Redhat에서 리딩 Operator Framework은 Cloud에서 하나의 Architecture Pattern으로 분류되며 단순한 작업을 자동화하기 위해 등장한 패턴 ### Kubernetes Operators |Title| |:-:| |[Helm Operator](https://texonom.com/helm-operator-0c2042751a684ae1bdfaf7b6990388bf)| |[Flagger](https://texonom.com/flagger-63cbb147524b4de882c69561350b5935)| Operator란 쿠버네티스 클러스터 위에서 동작하며 Custom Resource를 이용하여 쿠버네티스와 동일한 방법으로 리소스를 관리하는 소프트웨어 > [[Kubernetes - Operator] Kubernetes상의 Operator 나름대로 정리](https://ccambo.blogspot.com/2020/12/kubernetes-operator-kubernetes-operator.html) > [Helm Operator 소개](https://coffeewhale.com/kubernetes/gitops/helm/2020/05/13/helm-operator/)

6fe2e78fd8804e4bbdc5ef9143a0caad

Flagger

Kubernetes Operators

Jul 4, 2023

Alan Jo

Jul 4, 2023

[Flux CD](https://texonom.com/flux-cd-a1b9f1720f4f4198b6d9426ab70cedcd)

[flagger](https://github.com/fluxcd/flagger) > [Flagger](https://fluxcd.io/flagger/)

63cbb147524b4de882c69561350b5935

Helm Operator

Kubernetes Operators

Jul 19, 2020

Alan Jo

Jul 4, 2023

Helm Operator란 Helm Chart를 Custom Resource처럼 관리할 수 있게 해주는 Operator Custom Resource가 생성될 때 helm chart를 설치해주고 (helm install) 리소스가 삭제될 때, helm list에서 삭제 (helm delete)합니다. Helm Operator에서 이 Custom Resource를 HelmRelease라고 부릅니다. 사용자가 HelmRelease라는 Custom Resource를 생성하게 되면 Helm Operator가 자체적으로 control loop를 살펴보다 변경된 것을 감지하여 새로운 helm release를 배포 > [Helm Operator 소개](https://coffeewhale.com/kubernetes/gitops/helm/2020/05/13/helm-operator/)

0c2042751a684ae1bdfaf7b6990388bf

kubescape

Kubernetes Hardening Tools

Aug 24, 2021

Alan Jo

Aug 24, 2021

testing if Kubernetes is deployed securely as defined in Kubernetes Hardening Guidance by to NSA and CISA > [GitHub - armosec/kubescape: kubescape is the first tool for testing if Kubernetes is deployed securely as defined in Kubernetes Hardening Guidance by to NSA and CISA (https://www.nsa.gov/News-Features/Feature-Stories/Article-View/Article/2716980/nsa-cisa-release-kubernetes-hardening-guidance/)](https://github.com/armosec/kubescape?utm_source=tldrnewsletter)

bbe5b58f2ab646b4979873b8cf33ce86

k8s container runtime

Kubernetes Setups

May 3, 2020

null

> [컨테이너 런타임](https://kubernetes.io/ko/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/)

f58b96f7a4f844c095b2645886cc131d

Arkade

Kubernetes Package Managers

Feb 6, 2022

Alan Jo

May 9, 2022

installing helm charts, with a single command downloading your favourite devops CLIs [arkade](https://github.com/alexellis/arkade)

30c2c5e0b03446d092e8db41e7bd783e

Helm

Kubernetes Package Managers

May 3, 2020

Alan Jo

Mar 11, 2023

### kubernetes package manager 헬름은 charts 라는 패키지 포맷을 사용 ### Helm Notion |Title| |:-:| |[Helm Chart](https://texonom.com/helm-chart-ddca3a02c78244539067deaa8ff532ec)| |[helm operator](https://texonom.com/helm-operator-e47bc2c8f4184670bbc0f33e46d0fe9e)| ### Helm Usages |Title| |:-:| |[Helm CLI](https://texonom.com/helm-cli-0ab3531397774c49abc0ceb797de926c)| |[Helm Folder](https://texonom.com/helm-folder-76f1b00e0782434287310b8b201954ba)| |[Helm Dashboard](https://texonom.com/helm-dashboard-c8a4eef13b024d4d9943aed761b642af)| ### Install > [Installing Helm](https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/)

d5e13cf8c52741ad9c708baa4c537f07

Kubernate

Kubernetes Package Managers

Jan 16, 2022

Alan Jo

May 9, 2022

[kubernate](https://github.com/laurci/kubernate)

### Generate K8s Yml > [kubernate](https://www.npmjs.com/package/kubernate) > [Introduction](https://kubernate.dev/)

5e475ede2b9b451c9b4219d2c3f7ea0c

Kustomize

Kubernetes Package Managers

Jul 20, 2021

Alan Jo

May 9, 2022

helm에 비해 가볍고 간단한 Customization of kubernetes YAML configurations > [kubernetes-sigs/kustomize](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize)

46ce95f07efd43de9982e9c5aaef958c

Timoni

Kubernetes Package Managers

Jul 4, 2023

Alan Jo

Jul 4, 2023

[Cue Lang](https://texonom.com/cue-lang-b7d92dcd1c264de9a0610c34da2ded62)

[timoni](https://github.com/stefanprodan/timoni) > [timoni](https://timoni.sh/)

8ef2e5eea627455393ede3067e8471fc

Helm Chart

Helm Notion

May 14, 2020

Alan Jo

Mar 11, 2023

Application 배포할때 Helm Chart 를 작성해서배포 차트는 쿠버네티스 리소스와 관련된 셋을 설명하는 파일의 모음 파드를 배포하는 것처럼 단순한 형태나 완전한 웹앱 같이 복잡한 형태로 사용 > [차트](https://helm.sh/ko/docs/topics/charts/)

ddca3a02c78244539067deaa8ff532ec

helm operator

Helm Notion

May 14, 2020

Alan Jo

Mar 11, 2023

> [Helm Operator 소개](https://coffeewhale.com/kubernetes/gitops/helm/2020/05/13/helm-operator/)

e47bc2c8f4184670bbc0f33e46d0fe9e

Helm CLI

Helm Usages

Mar 11, 2023

Alan Jo

Mar 11, 2023

```typehelm install {{package}}```

0ab3531397774c49abc0ceb797de926c

Helm Dashboard

Helm Usages

Jul 20, 2021

Alan Jo

Mar 11, 2023

Helm GUI [helm-dashboard](https://github.com/komodorio/helm-dashboard)

c8a4eef13b024d4d9943aed761b642af

Helm Folder

Helm Usages

Mar 11, 2023

Alan Jo

Mar 11, 2023

```typewordpress/ Chart.yaml # 차트에 대한 정보를 가진 YAML 파일 LICENSE # 옵션: 차트의 라이센스 정보를 가진 텍스트 파일 README.md # 옵션: README 파일 values.yaml # 차트에 대한 기본 환경설정 값들 values.schema.json # 옵션: values.yaml 파일의 구조를 제약하는 JSON 파일 charts/ # 이 차트에 종속된 차트들을 포함하는 디렉터리 crds/ # 커스텀 자원에 대한 정의 templates/ # values와 결합될 때, 유효한 쿠버네티스 manifest 파일들이 생성될 템플릿들의 디렉터리 templates/NOTES.txt # 옵션: 간단한 사용법을 포함하는 텍스트 파일```

76f1b00e0782434287310b8b201954ba

Kubernetes Framework

Kubernetes Tools

Aug 29, 2022

Alan Jo

Aug 29, 2022

c7f4ebaa19854cfba79a4e5b37bafc47

Kubernetes Platform

Kubernetes Tools

Sep 26, 2020

Alan Jo

Apr 1, 2022

d33cee6f5179400facc920be1f89ed89

Kubernetes Policy Manager

Kubernetes Tools

Apr 15, 2022

Alan Jo

Apr 15, 2022

5e090e98c53741bfb467d8a87a7e2400

Kubernetes Virtualization

Kubernetes Tools

Dec 5, 2020

Alan Jo

Jul 27, 2022

[cloud-hypervisor](https://github.com/cloud-hypervisor/cloud-hypervisor) ### k8s Virtualization Tools |Title| |:-:| |[KubeVirt](https://texonom.com/kubevirt-e0280824040c4a14a2ad83986f93d775)| |[Virtoml](https://texonom.com/virtoml-b0af5b604e284200a5896a355c2fe111)| ### Kubevirt > [Yes, you can run VMs on Kubernetes with KubeVirt](https://opensource.com/article/20/9/vms-kubernetes-kubevirt)

7e07e6fea02f4d9d84fa999c93b71db4

Acorn

Kubernetes Frameworks

Aug 29, 2022

Alan Jo

Aug 29, 2022

[acorn](https://github.com/acorn-io/acorn)

### containerized application deployment on Kubernetes ```typecontainers: { nginx: { image: "nginx" ports: publish: "80/http" files: { "/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html": "<h1>Hi mom!</h1>" } }}``` ```typeacorn buildacorn pushacorn run``` > [Acorn Labs | Kubernetes Application Deployment](https://acorn.io/)

b03168afb8aa4bc4beecadf88b677811

kubeless

Kubernetes Frameworks

Dec 5, 2020

Alan Jo

Aug 29, 2022

serverless kubernetes framework

0b4a495ca59b458080848a19cf6611c5

[Porter](https://texonom.com/porter-6175d15302bc40468141a779f76fa893)

Kubernetes Platforms

May 3, 2021

Alan Jo

Apr 1, 2022

c5bb5ddf46994097be57512fa721150f

kubersphere

Kubernetes Platforms

May 3, 2020

Alan Jo

Apr 1, 2022

> [kubesphere/kubesphere](https://github.com/kubesphere/kubesphere)

95b263d482d1498798a268d6084f5ea3

Octant

Kubernetes Platforms

Oct 15, 2020

Alan Jo

Apr 1, 2022

> [Octant](https://www.jacobbaek.com/1025) > [vmware-tanzu/octant](https://github.com/vmware-tanzu/octant)

215e1cd6030b4cea98266816699e98aa

Rancher

Kubernetes Platforms

Nov 8, 2020

Alan Jo

May 22, 2022

[rancher](https://github.com/rancher/rancher)

> [Rancher - SLEXN, Inc](https://www.slexn.com/rancher/)

dfad6278baa14199aec592cfbac724a0

Rancher Labs

Rancher Notion

Jun 13, 2023

Alan Jo

Jun 13, 2023

Rancher Labs are now part of [SUSE Linux Enterprise](https://texonom.com/suse-linux-enterprise-d508c664d58745ab88db903d2a395806)

df8e2220d6a44c559c47df1d30d495e7

Rancher Version

Rancher Notion

Apr 14, 2022

Alan Jo

Apr 14, 2022

687ba4d5231d4b8391261fc5d9578a6b

Rancher v2.4

Rancher Versions

Nov 8, 2020

Alan Jo

Apr 14, 2022

the Rancher management server can be installed on either an RKE cluster or a K3s Kubernetes cluster > [3. Install Kubernetes (Skip for Docker Installs)](https://rancher.com/docs/rancher/v2.x/en/installation/other-installation-methods/air-gap/launch-kubernetes/)

71ae37ebdaef4a67aefb0e50f7171bec

Rancher v2.5

Rancher Versions

Nov 8, 2020

Alan Jo

Apr 14, 2022

Rancher can be installed on any Kubernetes cluster

894267745d20428e9fcb8c6b6752cce7

Rancher Cluster Manager

Rancher Usages

May 22, 2022

Alan Jo

May 22, 2022

89392fc29f954058b90c9f54e91078d6

Rancher Dashboard

Rancher Usages

Apr 14, 2022

Alan Jo

May 22, 2022

음청좋다

c589e980f19f4f01907ce28ea597bf1c

Rancher Desktop

Rancher Usages

Oct 10, 2021

Alan Jo

Nov 10, 2022

[Docker Desktop](https://texonom.com/docker-desktop-780fb02d28034259ba004345c7046aa4) [Podman Desktop](https://texonom.com/podman-desktop-c5e2d0d5db1c497783eb81ea004b2c23)

## All in One container based development environment ### Rancher Desktop Notion |Title| |:-:| |[Rancher Desktop Structure](https://texonom.com/rancher-desktop-structure-6d0a4048050f4d3a9a82423f7a42acf6)| |[Rancher Desktop Volume](https://texonom.com/rancher-desktop-volume-f45630b5b53745869a782e454392aa99)| ### Rancher Desktop Usages |Title| |:-:| |[Rancher Desktop Init](https://texonom.com/rancher-desktop-init-0591f11cd6d1415393885237761d160f)| |[Rancher Desktop CLI](https://texonom.com/rancher-desktop-cli-a334194f6be545bfa5c305178cd753b2)| ### Document > [Introduction | Rancher Desktop Docs](https://docs.rancherdesktop.io/) > [Kubernetes and container management on the desktop](https://rancherdesktop.io/)

f338920739e74491bc5334409b83eece

Rancher Kim

Rancher Usages

Oct 10, 2021

Alan Jo

Apr 14, 2022

## Kubernetes Image Manager `kim` enables building images locally, natively on your `[k3s](https://k3s.io/)` cluster like docker `build/push/pull/tag` backend consisting of a [BuildKit](https://texonom.com/buildkit-9e62a890bb634491be206776997fdaed) daemon bound to the Kubelet's underlying containerd socket > [GitHub - rancher/kim: In ur kubernetes, buildin ur imagez](https://github.com/rancher/kim)

0134417b60ce4fbd8966063c880085de

Rancher OS

Rancher Usages

Oct 10, 2021

Alan Jo

Apr 14, 2022

### Everything in RancherOS is a container managed by Docker [Linux Distribution](https://texonom.com/linux-distribution-9c2b7cfb96f143f4bbc05d0414aa6c01) smallest, easiest way to run Docker in production [Docker](https://texonom.com/docker-103c7b90450f45bda55b9b75d0d9e73a) ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F7577e72a-34be-4b6a-a969-56dc9193fbd7%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=5647c6f9-8908-4912-977f-14dc94273a29&cache=v2) > [GitHub - rancher/os: Tiny Linux distro that runs the entire OS as Docker containers](https://github.com/rancher/os)

71cc9cde9b4441759a742f53fc404077

Rancher Desktop Structure

Rancher Desktop Notion

May 22, 2022

Alan Jo

Nov 10, 2022

[Rancher Kim](https://texonom.com/rancher-kim-0134417b60ce4fbd8966063c880085de) [Helm](https://texonom.com/helm-d5e13cf8c52741ad9c708baa4c537f07) [Lima](https://texonom.com/lima-53d5829cbee34df984ef501117e3a088)

![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F2d286aa7-5935-43f5-b379-466a4b38db3d%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=0ba3fa66-7e8e-4c2b-aa55-18cc108dbf8e&cache=v2)

6d0a4048050f4d3a9a82423f7a42acf6

Rancher Desktop Volume

Rancher Desktop Notion

May 18, 2022

Alan Jo

May 22, 2022

> [Volumes and Storage](https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/storage/)

f45630b5b53745869a782e454392aa99

Rancher Desktop CLI

Rancher Desktop Usages

May 22, 2022

Alan Jo

May 22, 2022

[nerdctl](https://texonom.com/nerdctl-32eaaff03fc242e0943d43474aab0d8b) [kubectl](https://texonom.com/kubectl-bea1db76245d4d8ebf8117974ac63994)

`nerdctl`, a mostly docker compatible CLI, is now included with Rancher Desktop can use docker also instead of `containerd `for using images which use [Docker API](https://texonom.com/docker-api-07a619bc6ae74f3ebcd1933c5fb014df)

a334194f6be545bfa5c305178cd753b2

Rancher Desktop Init

Rancher Desktop Usages

Oct 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 22, 2022

### Windows - start rancher desktop and docker desktop else error ### Mac ```typesudo mkdir -p /usr/local/binsudo chown $USER /usr/local/bin``` [Insufficient permission to manipulate /usr/local/bin](https://github.com/rancher-sandbox/rancher-desktop/issues/1155)

0591f11cd6d1415393885237761d160f

Okteto

Kubernetes Providers

Jun 17, 2021

Alan Jo

Apr 1, 2022

47eb2f02da5f43feb07ce8eb05622a79

Okteteo DNS

Okteto Usage

Mar 9, 2022

Alan Jo

Mar 9, 2022

### Root DNS ```typeapiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata: name: hello-service annotations: dev.okteto.com/auto-ingress: "domain"spec: type: ClusterIP ports: - name: "hello-world" port: 8080 selector: app: hello-world``` subdomain is auto mapped > [Custom Domain Names for your Applications | Okteto Documentation](https://www.okteto.com/docs/cloud/custom-domains/)

72ed5c5c32b84ceda52fad29f8415a71

Okteteo Kubernetes

Okteto Usage

Mar 9, 2022

Alan Jo

Mar 9, 2022

0380d00c910c42439240e3165a9bca0e

Okteto Auto Ingress

Okteto Usage

Mar 9, 2022

Alan Jo

Mar 9, 2022

ssl dns

e1ebc2cf94cc4519b17c53b6ade85a97

Okteto CLI

Okteto Usage

Mar 9, 2022

Alan Jo

Mar 9, 2022

### Okteto CLIs |Title| |:-:| |[okteto namespace](https://texonom.com/okteto-namespace-d648a44c8cf043838afc5bc22d8b5ded)| |[okteto login](https://texonom.com/okteto-login-7717c282aecd485ba9437431b228cf3b)| |[okteto analytics](https://texonom.com/okteto-analytics-5055ea1b74804fe19b1d5eb7f4bb7cc3)| ### install > [Okteto CLI | Okteto Documentation](https://www.okteto.com/docs/getting-started/installation/)

fc3d68ecac9f4390b0eb036206537adb

Okteto Enterprise

Okteto Usage

Mar 9, 2022

Alan Jo

Mar 9, 2022

self hosted

56b35a629aca4c2caffbf0fe72f17596

Okteto Pipeline

Okteto Usage

Mar 9, 2022

Alan Jo

Mar 9, 2022

> [Configure your Okteto Pipeline | Okteto Documentation](https://www.okteto.com/docs/cloud/okteto-pipeline/)

e46242b39a2f4f1b85565b076c6dff3d

Okteto Stack

Okteto Usage

Jun 17, 2021

Alan Jo

Mar 9, 2022

[Compose Spec](https://texonom.com/compose-spec-08f93c987ee44b2598229df98b23bede)

```typeokteto stack deploy --wait``` ### start > [Untitled](https://okteto.com/docs/tutorials/stacks-getting-started) ### manifest example & port endpoint > [Stacks Manifest Reference | Okteto Documentation](https://okteto.com/docs/reference/stacks/)

b60cac7bbc88427e9fff9a1ca0fc9f66

okteto analytics

Okteto CLIs

Mar 9, 2022

Alan Jo

Mar 9, 2022

### disable ```typeokteto analytics -d```

5055ea1b74804fe19b1d5eb7f4bb7cc3

okteto login

Okteto CLIs

Mar 9, 2022

Alan Jo

Mar 9, 2022

login to cluster

7717c282aecd485ba9437431b228cf3b

okteto namespace

Okteto CLIs

Mar 9, 2022

Alan Jo

Mar 9, 2022

change namespace shortcut

d648a44c8cf043838afc5bc22d8b5ded

Kyverno

Kubernetes Policy Managers

Apr 15, 2022

Alan Jo

Apr 15, 2022

[kyverno](https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno) [Kustomize](https://texonom.com/kustomize-46ce95f07efd43de9982e9c5aaef958c)

23efb67b8cdc477abf177cdcf8747fb3

KubeVirt

k8s Virtualization Tools

Oct 15, 2020

Alan Jo

Jul 27, 2022

> [Yes, you can run VMs on Kubernetes with KubeVirt](https://opensource.com/article/20/9/vms-kubernetes-kubevirt)

e0280824040c4a14a2ad83986f93d775

Virtoml

k8s Virtualization Tools

Jul 27, 2022

Alan Jo

Jul 27, 2022

[virtink](https://github.com/smartxworks/virtink)

b0af5b604e284200a5896a355c2fe111

DKOS

Mesos

null

mesos를 이용한 카카오의 Kubernetes as a Service Kubernetes의 라이브 업그레이드(Kubernetes Live Upgrade)를 API 형태로 제공 > [Kubernetes 운영을 위한 etcd 기본 동작 원리의 이해](https://tech.kakao.com/2021/12/20/kubernetes-etcd/)

6e193ea1eb6740bdb544992641b4d2ed

ECR

Container Registries

Mar 28, 2020

null

Amazon Elastic Container Registry(ECR)는 개발자가 Docker 컨테이너 이미지를 손쉽게 저장, 관리 및 배포할 수 있게 해주는 완전관리형 Docker 컨테이너 레지스트리입니다 > [Amazon ECR | Amazon Web Services](https://aws.amazon.com/ko/ecr/)

7af48bd13f014fec8c204cad7c7d4247

GCR

Container Registries

Mar 28, 2020

null

> [이미지 관리 | Container Registry 문서 | Google Cloud](https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/docs/managing?hl=ko) ```typegcloud auth configure-docker```

19fdab44b794432097fa93c4f9d5e858

Harbor

Container Registries

Mar 28, 2020

null

> [Harbor가 무엇인가?](https://happyer16.tistory.com/entry/Harbor%EA%B0%80-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80) > [goharbor/harbor](https://github.com/goharbor/harbor)

92f4be267c6043259c1bb7d80a96689f

Page 1

Options

Mar 28, 2020

null

### function ```type```

65d07f72777d475db801caaf572d0d6b

Skopeo

Container Registry Tools

Sep 27, 2020

null

Skopeo는 이미지 저장소에서 다양한 작업을 수행하는 명령줄 도구입니다. 기존 도커가 다른 레지스트리에 이미지를 복사하기 위해 pull, tag, push를 사용했다면 Skopeo는 간단하게 copy 명령으로 해당 기능을 제공합니다. 추가로 저장소에 있는 이미지 이름에 대해 로우 레벨 정보를 제공 > [GPU Accelerated SQL queries with PostgreSQL & PG-Strom in OpenShift-3.10](https://www.openshift.com/blog/gpu-accelerated-sql-queries-with-postgresql-pg-strom-in-openshift-3-10) ### Container Registries 1 |Title| |:-:|

163433db1b8c49f5a7252e61e1b1f706

Moby

Linux Container Tools

Oct 8, 2021

Alan Jo

Mar 6, 2022

### open-source project created by Docker Docker is committed to using Moby as the upstream for the Docker Product > [GitHub - moby/moby: Moby Project - a collaborative project for the container ecosystem to assemble container-based systems](https://github.com/moby/moby) > [Moby](https://mobyproject.org/)

6d2c1aa8fe8443d3915a8798d70e8314

Cachy-sched

Linux Scheduler

null

> [hamadmarri/cachy-sched](https://github.com/hamadmarri/cachy-sched)

0709b2b9a263461d894e61fe7fa06ae0

Cgroup

Linux Process Usages

Jan 25, 2020

Alan Jo

Aug 9, 2023

### Control group [Cgroup image](https://texonom.com/cgroup-image-9dc6b9c0e8b4469db60f321beb19cae2) [cgroup model](https://texonom.com/cgroup-model-bb5d75ab24e54782abed21e0458426ff) [cgroup init](https://texonom.com/cgroup-init-bbd8a0f289514ccb8e8249276ad67f19) [cgcreate](https://texonom.com/cgcreate-f9f7a30db6eb44698e6a41f9808e2e74) [cgset](https://texonom.com/cgset-aebb07a8241947d79e20ee1ac7abfba0) [cgexec](https://texonom.com/cgexec-73a54bdbbfb84265adecec78f7072c96) > [[cgroup] 1. cgroup 이란?](https://sonseungha.tistory.com/535) > [[Linux] cgroups](https://hwwwi.tistory.com/12) > [Docker(container)의 작동 원리: namespaces and cgroups](https://tech.ssut.me/what-even-is-a-container/)

1f5d5331ae4d4985aec7622d0f73d8c9

chroot

Linux Process Usages

Sep 27, 2020

Alan Jo

Aug 9, 2023

```typemkdir new-root/lib -pmkdir new-root/lib64 -pmkdir new-root/bin -pcp /bin/bash new-root/bin/ldd /bin/bashcp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 new-root/lib/cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 new-root/lib/cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 new-root/lib/cp /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 new-root/lib64/chroot new-root /bin/bash``` root 밖으로 벗어날 수 없음 일반적으로 하지만 `escape_chroot.c` 같은 파일로 탈옥가능 탈옥했다는 거는 real root를 취득했다는 말 ### docker image chroot ```typecd /tmpmkdir nginx-rootdocker export $(docker create nginx) | tar -C nginx-root -xvf -chroot nginx-root /bin/shls``` > [Google Cloud metrics | Cloud Monitoring](http://cloud.google.com/monitoring/api/metrics_gcp#gcp-run)

b803f17de1a544d2b793173bdf4adf75

daemon

Linux Process Usages

Nov 5, 2019

Alan Jo

Seong-lae Cho

Aug 9, 2023

### demons exec by init Httpd: HTTP 혹은 HTTPS요청을 처리하는 웹 서버 Sendmail: 전자메일 서버 NFS: 네트워크 파일 시스템으로 UNIX 시스템 간의 파일을 공유할 수 있도록 한 파일 시스템 Inetd: 트래픽이 많지 않은 네트워크 서비스들을 대신해 Listening하는 데몬telnet, ftp 등과 같이 사용이 간헐적이거나 많이 않은 서비스가 항상 메모리에 상주되지 않고, 요청이 있을때만 메모리에 로딩될 수 있도록 대신해서 요청을 listening합니다.

98a9eccfcea84dfc8f4f1dd5efb6df46

Linux Namespace

Linux Process Usages

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

Aug 9, 2023

[unshare](https://texonom.com/unshare-b040be409b56418388c4ede1cc2c6932) [PID](https://texonom.com/pid-723d5306e37c4ad7bc41198cc01abffb) [Linux Container](https://texonom.com/linux-container-4d5f19a0756449b5a61227cefb6e33e4)

### **process' namespace information** **Child Inherit Parent namespace** - `/proc/{pid}/ns` > - `/proc/{pid}/ns/mnt` 컨테이너 파일 시스템이나 네트워킹과 같은 시스템 리소스를 가상화할 수 있게하는 근간기술 두개의 다른 프로세스가 한 호스트에서 동일한 PID를 가질 수 있다는 것을 의미 ### Linux Namespaces |Title| |:-:| |[linux mount namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-mount-namespace-4078ad8d99414c0d8e9af75844334bff)| |[linux uts namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-uts-namespace-a683b819309a4a6da02e2eb492300679)| |[linux ipc namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-ipc-namespace-68ffa717ef164d74971b9ae0e26c3192)| |[linux network namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-network-namespace-65863fd528c1444fa6f6c2409568a9df)| |[linux pid namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-pid-namespace-68583a6820e349f4a46777e618831fa1)| |[linux user namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-user-namespace-79957c4a9b9c4d4ba27e59ffe8a58389)| |[linux cgroup namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-cgroup-namespace-b6b33939b3e44f3aaa225678b61ba8e5)| |[linux time namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-time-namespace-5007830828434527905538e0a55a1bb9)| |[linux syslog namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-syslog-namespace-9b452ba29c9c446d839efe9188b20588)| ### Linux Namespace Packages |Title| |:-:| |[lsns](https://texonom.com/lsns-8a20d6ba2a324adeb489c8ad6fc066ec)| |[unshare](https://texonom.com/unshare-b040be409b56418388c4ede1cc2c6932)| |[ip netns](https://texonom.com/ip-netns-e4b19e654f4442a7a5fdc03d158874fa)| |[nsenter](https://texonom.com/nsenter-7833b118469f4c5f8b0daef7e80db526)| ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F0f2a26ff-1071-4080-a6dd-e94c6bf9798a%2FIMG_1401.jpg?table=block&id=eb9d0c78-b7d4-47a7-a6e3-a357c6450d9b&cache=v2) ### API > [The Linux kernel user-space API guide — The Linux Kernel documentation](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/userspace-api/) > [흔들리는 도커(Docker)의 위상: OCI와 CRI 중심으로 재편되는 컨테이너 생태계](https://www.samsungsds.com/global/ko/support/insights/docker.html) > [[번역]쿠버네티스 패킷의 삶 - #1](https://coffeewhale.com/packet-network1)

7467966a140049f4b869a784d36d9852

pivot_root

Linux Process Usages

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

Aug 9, 2023

root의 file system을 새로 만들어서 탈옥 못하게 함 ```typepivot_root [new-root] [old-root]``` ```typecd /tmpmkdir nginx-rootdocker export $(docker create nginx) | tar -C nginx-root -xvf -mkdir new-rootmount -n -t tmpfs -o size=800M none ./new-rootcp -r nginx-root/* ./new-rootmkdir ./new-root/old-rootcd new_rootunshare -mpivot_root . old-rootcd /ls``` > [2편.컨테이너 인터널(2)](https://netpple.github.io/docs/make-container-without-docker/container-internal-2)

db766edf74b14b24859cfcba7f99d4f9

cgcreate

Cgroup

null

- a option owner - g option [controllers:path] ```typecgcreate -a root -g cpu:mycgroupcd /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/mycgroupcat cpu.cfs__period_uscat cpu.cfs__quota_us```

f9f7a30db6eb44698e6a41f9808e2e74

cgexec

Cgroup

null

```typegcexec -g cpu:mycgroup stress -c 1```

73a54bdbbfb84265adecec78f7072c96

**Cgroup image**

Cgroup

null

![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F21766ba4-7880-44fd-ac24-116065fbf5be%2FFB_IMG_1578439778910.jpg?table=block&id=64f1dd5b-7703-4a0b-a775-de54d66bbef8&cache=v2)

9dc6b9c0e8b4469db60f321beb19cae2

cgroup init

Cgroup

null

cgroup은 두 가지 방법으로 사용할 수 있습니다. 1. cgroup 가상파일시스템을 마운트하여 파일 및 디렉토리를 조작하는 방법 2. 사용자 도구 사용 (Debian, ubuntu는 cgroup-bin / RHEL, CentOS는 libcgroup) cgroup의 실체는 파일시스템입니다. cgroup은 오직 프로세스(태스크) 들을 그룹화 하는 역할만 하며 내부적으로 자원을 제한하거나 할당하는 역할은 서브시스템에서 수행됩니다. ```typeapt install -y cgroup-tools stress```

bbd8a0f289514ccb8e8249276ad67f19

cgroup model

Cgroup

null

### **Cgroup 모델** Cgroup은 다음과 같은 점에서 프로세스와 유사합니다: - 계층적이다. - 자식 cgroup은 부모 cgroup에서 특정 속성을 상속한다.

bb5d75ab24e54782abed21e0458426ff

cgset

Cgroup

null

```typecgset -r cpu.cfs_quota_us=30000 mycgroup```

aebb07a8241947d79e20ee1ac7abfba0

ip netns

Linux Namespace Packages

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

```typeip netns add [namespace name]ip netns list```

e4b19e654f4442a7a5fdc03d158874fa

lsns

Linux Namespace Packages

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

list names ### list namespace ```typelsns - list namespaceslsns -t net -p $$``` -p pid -t [type of namespace]

8a20d6ba2a324adeb489c8ad6fc066ec

nsenter

Linux Namespace Packages

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

```typensenter --net=/var/run/netns/mynet```

7833b118469f4c5f8b0daef7e80db526

unshare

Linux Namespace Packages

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

- `m` option divide mount namespace process [linux mount namespace](https://texonom.com/linux-mount-namespace-4078ad8d99414c0d8e9af75844334bff) - `u` option uts namespace - `n` option isolate network namespaces - `p` option isolate pid namespaces

b040be409b56418388c4ede1cc2c6932

linux cgroup namespace

Linux Namespaces

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

b6b33939b3e44f3aaa225678b61ba8e5

linux ipc namespace

Linux Namespaces

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

### Isolate System V IPC, Posix message Queues ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fec968570-bbbf-4c60-80c1-3e5713933b51%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=58eaf6d1-7215-420a-bfe4-85a69fd750e6&cache=v2) > [2편.컨테이너 인터널(2)](https://netpple.github.io/docs/make-container-without-docker/container-internal-2)

68ffa717ef164d74971b9ae0e26c3192

linux mount namespace

Linux Namespaces

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

최초의 namespace ```typeunshare -m /bin/bashmkdir /tmp/mount_nsmount -n -t tmpfs /tmp/mount_ns```

4078ad8d99414c0d8e9af75844334bff

linux network namespace

Linux Namespaces

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

Jan 21, 2023

### devices, stacks, ports ... ```typeip netns add clientip netns add serverip netns listip link add veth-client type veth peer name veth-serverip link list | grep veth``` veth network peer is network cable > [[번역]쿠버네티스 패킷의 삶 - #1](https://coffeewhale.com/packet-network1)

65863fd528c1444fa6f6c2409568a9df

linux pid namespace

Linux Namespaces

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

68583a6820e349f4a46777e618831fa1

linux syslog namespace

Linux Namespaces

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

9b452ba29c9c446d839efe9188b20588

linux time namespace

Linux Namespaces

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

5007830828434527905538e0a55a1bb9

linux user namespace

Linux Namespaces

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

보안상 중요 root 권한 문제해결 uid gid 다르게 설정

79957c4a9b9c4d4ba27e59ffe8a58389

linux uts namespace

Linux Namespaces

May 11, 2021

Alan Jo

May 11, 2021

Isolates Hostname and domain name ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fec968570-bbbf-4c60-80c1-3e5713933b51%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=bf772a64-e116-4285-b205-007e58d5bbec&cache=v2) > [2편.컨테이너 인터널(2)](https://netpple.github.io/docs/make-container-without-docker/container-internal-2)

a683b819309a4a6da02e2eb492300679

Linux File Permission

Linux Security

null

> [리눅스CentOS7 - 파일 디렉터리의 소유권와 허가권](https://hihighlinux.tistory.com/22) ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F1f3a0d9a-bab8-489c-9bf9-abdd09ed16ab%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=11e8f6e0-d69b-48e7-83af-b863aff40712&cache=v2) ```typels -al```

c845ed3e8d634db0b631fcf5e50b63a1

Linux Memory Protection

Linux Security

null

[Linux ASLR](https://texonom.com/linux-aslr-e9fdde68758548048c028c7a2e343d67) [Linux DEP](https://texonom.com/linux-dep-5ca3b3479c1449269ab72ece716caf84) [Linux ASCII-Armor](https://texonom.com/linux-ascii-armor-efa8d73031da45a4a32cf42016ac6b03) [Linux Stack Canary](https://texonom.com/linux-stack-canary-394fd596e4b946caa1efdd83db7e82a8) ```typecat /proc/self/maps``` [RTL Attack](https://texonom.com/rtl-attack-e9890522417d4d6c837d9fe3c65a0bc8) [bof 취약점](https://texonom.com/bof-5b178835535542679d90bd63cd92bdd9) > [linux 환경에서의 메모리 보호기법을 알아보자(1)](https://bpsecblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/memory_protect_linux_1/)

4aa261be97af44898a3e8627ac9b7cd7

SELinux

Linux Security

null

미국 국가안전보장국이 제공하는 리눅스 커널에 강제 액세스 제어 기능을 추가한 기능 프로세스에서 수행 할 수있는 작업을 제한 SELinux는 프로세스마다 액세스 제한을 거는 TE(Type Enforcement)와 root 를 포함한 모든 사용자에게 제어를 거는 RBAC(Role-based Access Control) 등으로 root 에게 권한이 집중되는 것을 막아줌 ### disable ```typesudo nano /etc/selinux/config# SELINUX=disabledrebootgetenforce# Disabled``` ### http issue ```typechcon -R -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t /var/www/mywebaudit2why < /var/log/audit/audit.logsemanage fcontext -l|grep html|grep httpd_sys_rw_content_tsetsebool -P httpd_unified 1``` ### http > [RHEL/CentOS 7 httpd SELinux policy 변경](https://www.lesstif.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=27984832) > [개발자를 위한 인프라 기초 총정리](https://futurecreator.github.io/2018/11/09/it-infrastructure-basics/index.html)

0e9d36ff5e5342d28b8caa57bad9cf8a

bof 취약점

Linux Memory Protection

null

5b178835535542679d90bd63cd92bdd9

Linux ASCII-Armor

Linux Memory Protection

null

### ASCII-Armor란, 공유라이브러리 영역의 상위 주소에 0x00을 포함시키는 방법 RTL(Return To Library) 공격에 대응하기 위한 방법으로 공격자가 라이브러리를 호출하는 Buffer Overflow 공격을 해도 NULL바이트를 삽입 > [linux 환경에서의 메모리 보호기법을 알아보자(1)](https://bpsecblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/memory_protect_linux_1/)

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Linux ASLR

Linux Memory Protection

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### Address Space Layout Randomization ASLR이란, 메모리상의 공격을 어렵게 하기 위해 스택이나 힙, 라이브러리 등의 주소를 랜덤으로 프로세스 주소 공간에 배치함으로써 실행할 때 마다 데이터의 주소가 바뀌게 하는 기법 disable aslr ```typeecho 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space``` - ***randomize_va_space=0**** : ASLR 해제* - ***randomize_va_space=1**** : 랜덤 스택 & 랜덤 라이브러리 설정* - ***randomize_va_space=2**** : 랜덤 스택 & 랜덤 라이브러리 & 랜덤 힙 설정* > [linux 환경에서의 메모리 보호기법을 알아보자(1)](https://bpsecblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/memory_protect_linux_1/)

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Linux DEP

Linux Memory Protection

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## Data Execution Prevention DEP란, 데이터 영역에서 코드가 실행되는 것을 막는 기법 공격자가 Buffer Overflow 공격을 일으켜 return address를 스택상의 한 주소(쉘코드가 위치한 주소)로 변경해서 데이터 영역 코드 실행을 하려는 걸 먹음 실행권한이 없게 만든다 > [linux 환경에서의 메모리 보호기법을 알아보자(1)](https://bpsecblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/memory_protect_linux_1/)

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Linux Stack Canary

Linux Memory Protection

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함수 진입 시 스택에 SFP(Saved Frame Pointer)와 return addressr 정보를 저장할 때, 이 정보들이 공격자에 의해 덮어씌워지는 것으로부터 보호하기 위해 스택상의 변수들의 공간과 SFP 사이에 특정한 값을 추가하는데 이 값을 Canary 공격자가 return address를 조작하기 위해 Buffer Overflow 공격을 시도할 때, return address를 덮기 이전에 Canary 값이 먼저 덮어지기 때문에 이 Canary 값의 변조 유무로 Buffer Overflow를 탐지 ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F46cfc596-ec11-4895-b546-58094dbafe41%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=8c3f955d-45f0-4bce-a667-b1f1249ca7a3&cache=v2) > [linux 환경에서의 메모리 보호기법을 알아보자(1)](https://bpsecblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/memory_protect_linux_1/)

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RTL Attack

Linux Memory Protection

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Return address에 libc 내의 함수를 덮어씌워 쉘코드 없이 exploit libc라고 하는 공유 라이브러리 내의 함수로 리턴하게 하여 프로그램의 실행흐름을 조작하는 공격

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Linux CA

Linux Shared Data

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- `/usr/local/share/ca-certificates`

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Linux Fonts

Linux Shared Data

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- `/usr/local/share/fonts` and `~/.fonts`

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Linux gid

Linux User

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7726a32f97bc4ba8b6d6bd70a8e6249b

Linux uid

Linux User

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19887dad99d54873bc9566211aebf8c2

LVM

Linux Volume

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Logical Volume을 효율적이고 유연하게 관리하기 위한 커널의 한 부분이자 프로그램 기존에는 파일시스템이 블록 장치에 직접 접근해서 읽고/쓰기를 했다면 LVM을 사용하면 파일 시스템이 LVM이 만든 가상의 블록 장치에 읽고/쓰기를하게 된다. 현재 LVM1과 LVM2가 있으며, LVM2는 LVM1이상으로 기능이 개선됌 vgconvert 명령어로 LVM1 포멧에서 LVM2 포멧으로 변환이 가능하다. # term PV(Physical Volume) PE(Physical Extent) - LV(Logical Volume)의 LE(Logical Extent)들과 1:1로 맵핑된다. 그렇기에 항상 PE와 LE의 크기는 동일하다. VG(Volume Group) ### LVM Important Notions > [정윤상이다](https://kit2013.tistory.com/199)

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