app.py

import os
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.models import load_model
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import img_to_array, array_to_img
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import cv2
import gradio as gr
from PIL import Image
import io
import tempfile
from datetime import datetime

# Global variables
model = None
class_labels = {0: 'no', 1: 'yes'}
IMG_WIDTH, IMG_HEIGHT = 128, 128

# --- MODEL LOADING FUNCTION ---
def load_brain_tumor_model():
    """Load the brain tumor detection model from the file system"""
    global model
    
    # Common model file names to check
    model_paths = [
        'brain_tumor_classifier_v3.h5',
        'model.h5',
        'brain_tumor_model.h5',
        'brain_tumor_classifier.h5'
    ]
    
    for model_path in model_paths:
        if os.path.exists(model_path):
            try:
                model = load_model(model_path)
                print(f"✅ Model loaded successfully from {model_path}")
                return True
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"❌ Error loading model from {model_path}: {str(e)}")
                continue
    
    print("❌ No valid model file found. Please ensure your model is in the root directory.")
    return False

# Load model on startup
model_loaded = load_brain_tumor_model()

# --- IMAGE PREPROCESSING FUNCTIONS ---
def preprocess_image(image, target_size=(128, 128)):
    """
    Preprocess uploaded image for model prediction
    """
    if image is None:
        return None, "No image provided"
    
    try:
        # Convert to PIL Image if needed
        if not isinstance(image, Image.Image):
            image = Image.fromarray(image)
        
        # Convert to RGB if needed
        if image.mode != 'RGB':
            image = image.convert('RGB')
        
        # Resize image
        image_resized = image.resize(target_size, Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
        
        # Convert to grayscale for display (optional)
        image_gray = image_resized.convert('L').convert('RGB')
        
        # Convert to array and normalize
        img_array = img_to_array(image_resized) / 255.0
        
        return image_resized, image_gray, img_array, "✅ Image preprocessed successfully"
    
    except Exception as e:
        return None, None, None, f"❌ Error preprocessing image: {str(e)}"

# --- ENHANCED GRAD-CAM++ FUNCTIONS ---
def make_gradcampp_heatmap(img_array, model, last_conv_layer_name='last_conv_layer', pred_index=None):
    """
    Creates an improved Grad-CAM++ heatmap with better numerical stability.
    """
    if model is None:
        return None
    
    try:
        grad_model = tf.keras.models.Model(
            inputs=model.input,
            outputs=[model.get_layer(last_conv_layer_name).output, model.output]
        )

        with tf.GradientTape(persistent=True) as tape1:
            with tf.GradientTape(persistent=True) as tape2:
                with tf.GradientTape() as tape3:
                    conv_outputs, predictions = grad_model(img_array)
                    if pred_index is None:
                        pred_index = tf.argmax(predictions[0])
                    class_channel = predictions[:, pred_index]

                grads = tape3.gradient(class_channel, conv_outputs)
            first_derivative = tape2.gradient(class_channel, conv_outputs)
        second_derivative = tape1.gradient(first_derivative, conv_outputs)

        del tape1, tape2

        eps = 1e-8
        alpha_num = second_derivative
        alpha_denom = 2.0 * second_derivative + tf.reduce_sum(conv_outputs * grads, axis=[1, 2], keepdims=True)
        alpha_denom = tf.where(tf.abs(alpha_denom) < eps, tf.ones_like(alpha_denom) * eps, alpha_denom)
        alphas = alpha_num / alpha_denom

        weights = tf.reduce_sum(alphas * tf.nn.relu(grads), axis=[1, 2])
        weights = tf.nn.softmax(weights, axis=-1)
        
        weights_reshaped = tf.reshape(weights, (1, 1, 1, -1))
        heatmap = tf.reduce_sum(weights_reshaped * conv_outputs, axis=-1)
        heatmap = tf.squeeze(heatmap, axis=0)

        heatmap = tf.nn.relu(heatmap)
        heatmap_np = heatmap.numpy()
        
        heatmap_min = np.min(heatmap_np)
        heatmap_max = np.max(heatmap_np)
        if heatmap_max > heatmap_min:
            heatmap_np = (heatmap_np - heatmap_min) / (heatmap_max - heatmap_min)
        else:
            heatmap_np = np.zeros_like(heatmap_np)

        return heatmap_np
    
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error in Grad-CAM++: {str(e)}")
        return None

def create_heatmap_visualizations(heatmap, img_shape):
    """Create multiple heatmap visualizations with different color schemes"""
    heatmap_resized = cv2.resize(heatmap, (img_shape[1], img_shape[0]), interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
    heatmap_smooth = cv2.GaussianBlur(heatmap_resized, (5, 5), 0)
    heatmap_enhanced = cv2.equalizeHist(np.uint8(255 * heatmap_smooth)) / 255.0
    
    visualizations = {
        'jet': {'heatmap': heatmap_smooth, 'colormap': 'jet', 'title': 'Jet Heatmap'},
        'hot': {'heatmap': heatmap_smooth, 'colormap': 'hot', 'title': 'Hot Heatmap'},
        'plasma': {'heatmap': heatmap_enhanced, 'colormap': 'plasma', 'title': 'Plasma Heatmap'},
        'viridis': {'heatmap': heatmap_enhanced, 'colormap': 'viridis', 'title': 'Viridis Heatmap'},
        'inferno': {'heatmap': heatmap_smooth, 'colormap': 'inferno', 'title': 'Inferno Heatmap'},
        'cool': {'heatmap': heatmap_smooth, 'colormap': 'cool', 'title': 'Cool Heatmap'}
    }
    
    return visualizations

def superimpose_gradcam_enhanced(img, heatmap, colormap='jet', alpha=0.4):
    """Enhanced superimposition with different colormaps"""
    if not isinstance(img, np.ndarray):
        img = img_to_array(img)
    if img.max() > 1.0:
        img = img / 255.0

    heatmap_resized = cv2.resize(heatmap, (img.shape[1], img.shape[0]), interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
    heatmap_uint8 = np.uint8(255 * heatmap_resized)

    if hasattr(plt, 'colormaps'):
        cmap = plt.colormaps[colormap]
    else:
        cmap = cm.get_cmap(colormap)

    colored_heatmap = cmap(heatmap_uint8)[:, :, :3]
    
    gamma = 2.2
    img_gamma = np.power(img, 1/gamma)
    colored_heatmap_gamma = np.power(colored_heatmap, 1/gamma)
    
    blended_gamma = (colored_heatmap_gamma * alpha) + (img_gamma * (1 - alpha))
    superimposed_img_float = np.power(blended_gamma, gamma)
    superimposed_img_float = np.clip(superimposed_img_float, 0, 1)
    
    return superimposed_img_float

# --- PREDICTION AND VISUALIZATION FUNCTIONS ---
def predict_brain_tumor(image):
    """Make prediction on uploaded image"""
    if not model_loaded or model is None:
        return "❌ Model not available. Please check if the model file exists in the space.", None, None
    
    if image is None:
        return "❌ No image provided.", None, None
    
    try:
        # Preprocess image
        processed_img, gray_img, img_array, preprocess_msg = preprocess_image(image)
        if processed_img is None:
            return preprocess_msg, None, None
        
        # Make prediction
        img_batch = np.expand_dims(img_array, axis=0)
        prediction = model.predict(img_batch, verbose=0)[0][0]
        
        # Interpret results
        predicted_class = int(round(prediction))
        predicted_label = class_labels[predicted_class]
        confidence = prediction if predicted_class == 1 else 1 - prediction
        
        # Create result message
        if predicted_class == 1:
            status_emoji = "⚠️"
            status_text = "**TUMOR DETECTED**"
            status_color = "red"
        else:
            status_emoji = "✅"
            status_text = "**NO TUMOR DETECTED**"
            status_color = "green"
        
        result_msg = f"""
        ## 🧠 Brain Tumor Detection Results
        
        **Prediction:** {predicted_label.upper()}  
        **Confidence:** {confidence:.1%}  
        **Raw Score:** {prediction:.4f}  
        
        {status_emoji} {status_text}
        """
        
        return result_msg, processed_img, gray_img
    
    except Exception as e:
        return f"❌ Error during prediction: {str(e)}", None, None

def create_detailed_analysis(image):
    """Create comprehensive Grad-CAM++ analysis"""
    if not model_loaded or model is None or image is None:
        return "❌ Please upload an image for analysis."
    
    try:
        # Preprocess and predict
        processed_img, gray_img, img_array, _ = preprocess_image(image)
        img_batch = np.expand_dims(img_array, axis=0)
        prediction = model.predict(img_batch, verbose=0)[0][0]
        
        predicted_class = int(round(prediction))
        predicted_label = class_labels[predicted_class]
        confidence = prediction if predicted_class == 1 else 1 - prediction
        
        # Generate heatmap
        heatmap = make_gradcampp_heatmap(img_batch, model)
        if heatmap is None:
            return "❌ Error generating heatmap."
        
        # Create visualizations
        visualizations = create_heatmap_visualizations(heatmap, img_array.shape)
        
        # Create comprehensive plot with 4 rows to accommodate all visualizations
        fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 16))
        color = 'green' if predicted_class == 0 else 'red'
        fig.suptitle(f'Comprehensive Grad-CAM++ Analysis\nPredicted: {predicted_label.upper()} ({confidence:.2%})',
                     fontsize=16, fontweight='bold', color=color)

        # Row 1: Original image and heatmaps
        # Original image
        plt.subplot(4, 5, 1)
        plt.imshow(processed_img)
        plt.title("Original Image", fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
        plt.axis('off')

        # Different heatmap visualizations (4 in first row)
        viz_names = ['jet', 'hot', 'plasma', 'viridis']
        for i, viz_name in enumerate(viz_names):
            viz = visualizations[viz_name]
            plt.subplot(4, 5, i + 2)
            im = plt.imshow(viz['heatmap'], cmap=viz['colormap'])
            plt.title(viz['title'], fontsize=12)
            plt.axis('off')
            plt.colorbar(im, fraction=0.046, pad=0.04)

        # Row 2: Remaining heatmaps, attention profile, and statistics
        # More heatmap styles
        viz_names2 = ['inferno', 'cool']
        for i, viz_name in enumerate(viz_names2):
            viz = visualizations[viz_name]
            plt.subplot(4, 5, i + 6)
            im = plt.imshow(viz['heatmap'], cmap=viz['colormap'])
            plt.title(viz['title'], fontsize=12)
            plt.axis('off')
            plt.colorbar(im, fraction=0.046, pad=0.04)

        # Attention profile
        plt.subplot(4, 5, 8)
        attention_profile = np.mean(heatmap, axis=1)
        plt.plot(attention_profile, range(len(attention_profile)), 'b-', linewidth=2)
        plt.title('Vertical Attention Profile', fontsize=12)
        plt.xlabel('Attention Intensity')
        plt.ylabel('Image Height')
        plt.gca().invert_yaxis()
        plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3)

        # Statistics
        plt.subplot(4, 5, 9)
        stats_text = f"""Heatmap Statistics:
Mean: {np.mean(heatmap):.3f}
Std: {np.std(heatmap):.3f}
Max: {np.max(heatmap):.3f}
Min: {np.min(heatmap):.3f}

Prediction:
Confidence: {confidence:.1%}
Raw Score: {prediction:.4f}
Class: {predicted_label}"""
        
        plt.text(0.1, 0.5, stats_text, transform=plt.gca().transAxes, fontsize=10,
                 verticalalignment='center', bbox=dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.3", facecolor="lightblue"))
        plt.axis('off')

        # Empty space for symmetry
        plt.subplot(4, 5, 10)
        plt.axis('off')

        # Rows 3-4: All 6 superimposed views in 2 rows of 3
        superimposed_colormaps = ['jet', 'hot', 'plasma', 'viridis', 'inferno', 'cool']
        
        # Row 3: First 3 superimposed views (positions 11-13)
        for i, cmap_name in enumerate(superimposed_colormaps[:3]):
            superimposed_img = superimpose_gradcam_enhanced(img_array, heatmap, colormap=cmap_name, alpha=0.4)
            plt.subplot(4, 5, i + 11)
            plt.imshow(superimposed_img)
            plt.title(f'Superimposed ({cmap_name.title()})', fontsize=12)
            plt.axis('off')
        
        # Empty spaces in row 3
        plt.subplot(4, 5, 14)
        plt.axis('off')
        plt.subplot(4, 5, 15)
        plt.axis('off')
        
        # Row 4: Last 3 superimposed views (positions 16-18)
        for i, cmap_name in enumerate(superimposed_colormaps[3:]):
            superimposed_img = superimpose_gradcam_enhanced(img_array, heatmap, colormap=cmap_name, alpha=0.4)
            plt.subplot(4, 5, i + 16)
            plt.imshow(superimposed_img)
            plt.title(f'Superimposed ({cmap_name.title()})', fontsize=12)
            plt.axis('off')
        
        # Empty spaces in row 4
        plt.subplot(4, 5, 19)
        plt.axis('off')
        plt.subplot(4, 5, 20)
        plt.axis('off')

        plt.tight_layout()
        plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.92)
        
        # Save to temporary file and return
        temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix='.png')
        plt.savefig(temp_file.name, dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
        plt.close()
        
        return temp_file.name
    
    except Exception as e:
        return f"❌ Error creating detailed analysis: {str(e)}"

def create_quick_analysis(image):
    """Create quick 2x3 comparison view"""
    if not model_loaded or model is None or image is None:
        return "❌ Please upload an image for analysis."
    
    try:
        # Preprocess and predict
        processed_img, gray_img, img_array, _ = preprocess_image(image)
        img_batch = np.expand_dims(img_array, axis=0)
        prediction = model.predict(img_batch, verbose=0)[0][0]
        
        predicted_class = int(round(prediction))
        predicted_label = class_labels[predicted_class]
        confidence = prediction if predicted_class == 1 else 1 - prediction
        
        # Generate heatmap
        heatmap = make_gradcampp_heatmap(img_batch, model)
        if heatmap is None:
            return "❌ Error generating heatmap."
        
        # Create quick visualization with 3x3 layout to accommodate all colormaps
        fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 3, figsize=(15, 15))
        color = 'green' if predicted_class == 0 else 'red'
        fig.suptitle(f'Quick Grad-CAM++ Analysis | Predicted: {predicted_label.upper()} ({confidence:.2%})',
                     fontsize=14, fontweight='bold', color=color)

        # Row 1: Original image and two main heatmaps
        axes[0, 0].imshow(processed_img)
        axes[0, 0].set_title("Original Image")
        axes[0, 0].axis('off')

        # Jet heatmap
        heatmap_resized = cv2.resize(heatmap, (IMG_WIDTH, IMG_HEIGHT))
        im1 = axes[0, 1].imshow(heatmap_resized, cmap='jet')
        axes[0, 1].set_title("Jet Heatmap")
        axes[0, 1].axis('off')
        plt.colorbar(im1, ax=axes[0, 1], fraction=0.046)

        # Plasma heatmap
        im2 = axes[0, 2].imshow(heatmap_resized, cmap='plasma')
        axes[0, 2].set_title("Plasma Heatmap")
        axes[0, 2].axis('off')
        plt.colorbar(im2, ax=axes[0, 2], fraction=0.046)

        # Rows 2-3: All 6 superimposed views
        superimposed_colormaps = ['jet', 'hot', 'plasma', 'viridis', 'inferno', 'cool']
        
        # Row 2: First 3 superimposed views
        for i, cmap_name in enumerate(superimposed_colormaps[:3]):
            superimposed_img = superimpose_gradcam_enhanced(img_array, heatmap, cmap_name)
            axes[1, i].imshow(superimposed_img)
            axes[1, i].set_title(f"Superimposed ({cmap_name.title()})")
            axes[1, i].axis('off')
        
        # Row 3: Last 3 superimposed views
        for i, cmap_name in enumerate(superimposed_colormaps[3:]):
            superimposed_img = superimpose_gradcam_enhanced(img_array, heatmap, cmap_name)
            axes[2, i].imshow(superimposed_img)
            axes[2, i].set_title(f"Superimposed ({cmap_name.title()})")
            axes[2, i].axis('off')

        plt.tight_layout()
        
        # Save to temporary file and return
        temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix='.png')
        plt.savefig(temp_file.name, dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
        plt.close()
        
        return temp_file.name
    
    except Exception as e:
        return f"❌ Error creating quick analysis: {str(e)}"

# --- GRADIO APP INTERFACE ---
def create_gradio_app():
    """Create the main Gradio interface"""
    
    # Custom CSS for better styling
    custom_css = """
    h2, h3{
      margin: 2.5rem initial;
    }
    .main-header {
        text-align: center;
        margin-bottom: 5rem;
        h1{
          font-size: 2.5rem; /* Adjust as needed */
          font-weight: bold;
          text-align: center;
          letter-spacing: -0.025em;
          margin-bottom: 1rem;
          /* Gradient masking */
          background: linear-gradient(90deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
          -webkit-background-clip: text;
          -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
        }
        p{
          font-size: 1.25rem;
        }
    }
    """

    theme = gr.themes.Base(
    primary_hue="indigo",
    )
    
    with gr.Blocks(title="🧠 Bioset - Brain Tumor MRI Detection", theme=theme, css=custom_css) as app:
        
        gr.HTML("""
        <div class="main-header">
            <h1>🧠 Bioset - Brain Tumor MRI Detection</h1>
            <p>Advanced AI-powered MRI analysis with explainable attention visualization with Enhanced Grad-CAM++.</p>
        </div>
        """)
        
        # Model status display
        model_status = "✅ Model loaded successfully" if model_loaded else "❌ Model not available"
        gr.Markdown(f"**Model Status:** {model_status}")
        gr.Markdown("Please read the disclaimer at the bottom of the page first before use.")
        
        if not model_loaded:
            gr.Markdown("⚠️ **Warning**: Model file not found. Please ensure your trained model (.h5) is in the space's root directory.")
            
        gr.Markdown("""
        ---
        
        ## 📖 How to Use:
        1. **Upload an MRI brain scan** (JPEG, PNG, or other image formats)
        2. **View automatic preprocessing** and prediction results
        3. **Choose analysis type**: Quick for rapid assessment, Detailed for comprehensive visualization
        4. **Download results** for further analysis or documentation
        """)

        gr.Markdown("""
        ## Model Statistics:
        - **accuracy:** `0.9913`  
        - **val_accuracy:** `0.8824`   
        """)

        gr.Markdown("""
        ### Classification Report:  
        | Class         | Precision | Recall | F1-Score | Support |
        |---------------|-----------|--------|----------|---------|
        | **no**        | 0.89      | 0.85   | 0.87     | 20      |
        | **yes**       | 0.91      | 0.94   | 0.92     | 31      |
        | **accuracy**  |           |        | 0.90     | 51      |
        | **macro avg** | 0.90      | 0.89   | 0.90     | 51      |
        | **weighted avg** | 0.90   | 0.90   | 0.90     | 51      |
        """)
        
        with gr.Row():
            with gr.Column(scale=2):
                input_image = gr.Image(
                    label="📤 Upload MRI Brain Scan",
                    type="pil",
                    height=400
                )
                
            with gr.Column(scale=1):
                gr.Markdown("### 🔄 Preprocessing Preview")
                processed_image = gr.Image(
                    label="Processed (128x128 RGB)",
                    height=180,
                    interactive=False
                )
                grayscale_image = gr.Image(
                    label="Grayscale Preview",
                    height=180,
                    interactive=False
                )
        
        # Prediction results
        gr.Markdown("## 🎯 Prediction Results")
        prediction_output = gr.Markdown(value="Upload an image to see predictions...")
        
        # Analysis buttons
        gr.Markdown("## 🔬 Grad-CAM++ Analysis")
        gr.Markdown("Choose your preferred analysis type:")
        
        with gr.Row():
            quick_btn = gr.Button(
                "⚡ Quick Analysis (2x3 Grid)", 
                variant="secondary", 
                size="lg",
                scale=1
            )
            detailed_btn = gr.Button(
                "🔬 Detailed Analysis (3x5 Grid)", 
                variant="primary", 
                size="lg",
                scale=1
            )
        
        # Analysis output
        analysis_output = gr.Image(
            label="📊 Analysis Results",
            height=700,
            interactive=False,
            show_download_button=True
        )
        
        # Information sections
        with gr.Row():
            with gr.Column():
                gr.Markdown("""
                ### ⚡ Quick Analysis Features:
                - **3x3 Grid Layout** for comprehensive quick view
                - **Original Image** with preprocessing
                - **Jet & Plasma Heatmaps** with colorbars
                - **6 Superimposed Views** (All color schemes)
                - **Fast Processing** (~3-4 seconds)
                - **Perfect for screening** multiple images
                ---
                """)
            
            with gr.Column():
                gr.Markdown("""
                ### 🔬 Detailed Analysis Features:
                - **4x5 Grid Layout** for comprehensive analysis
                - **6 Heatmap Color Schemes** with individual colorbars
                - **Attention Profile Plot** showing vertical focus
                - **Statistical Analysis Panel** with quantitative metrics
                - **6 Enhanced Superimposed Views** with gamma correction
                - **Clinical-grade visualization** for detailed examination
                ---
                """)
        
        gr.Markdown("""
        ### 🎨 Color Scheme Guide:
        - **🔥 Jet**: Classic blue → green → yellow → red progression (high contrast)
        - **🌋 Hot**: Black → red → orange → yellow (heat-like visualization)  
        - **🌌 Plasma**: Purple → pink → yellow (scientifically accurate)
        - **🌿 Viridis**: Dark blue → green → yellow (perceptually uniform)
        - **🔥 Inferno**: Black → purple → red → yellow (high contrast heat)
        - **❄️ Cool**: Cyan → blue → magenta (cool color palette)
        
        ### 📊 Understanding the Results:
        - **Bright regions** in heatmaps indicate areas the AI model focuses on
        - **Different color schemes** can reveal different aspects of attention patterns
        - **Confidence scores** above 80% are generally considered reliable
        - **Superimposed views** help correlate AI attention with anatomical structures
        """)
        
        # Footer
        gr.Markdown("""
        ---
        **⚠️ Medical Disclaimer**: This tool is for research and educational purposes only. 
        Always consult qualified medical professionals for clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions.
        """)
        
        # Event handlers
        def predict_and_update(image):
            result, processed, grayscale = predict_brain_tumor(image)
            return result, processed, grayscale
        
        def quick_analysis_handler(image):
            if not model_loaded:
                return None
            return create_quick_analysis(image)
        
        def detailed_analysis_handler(image):
            if not model_loaded:
                return None
            return create_detailed_analysis(image)
        
        # Connect event handlers
        input_image.change(
            fn=predict_and_update,
            inputs=[input_image],
            outputs=[prediction_output, processed_image, grayscale_image]
        )
        
        quick_btn.click(
            fn=quick_analysis_handler,
            inputs=[input_image],
            outputs=[analysis_output]
        )
        
        detailed_btn.click(
            fn=detailed_analysis_handler,
            inputs=[input_image],
            outputs=[analysis_output]
        )
    
    return app

# --- LAUNCH THE APP ---
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = create_gradio_app()
    app.launch()