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It is a natural product found in Punica granatum with data available. | It is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris and Zanthoxylum asiaticum with data available. | 0 |
4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one, 9CI is an olefinic compound. It is functionally related to an acrylic acid. | It is a α,β-unsaturated ketone with the formula CHC(O)CH=C(CH). This compound is a colorless, volatile liquid with a honey-like odor. | 1 |
It is a natural product found in Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium sporotrichioides with data available. | It is a benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group. It has a role as an insect sterilant. It is a benzoylurea insecticide and a member of monochlorobenzenes. It is functionally related to a 1,3-difluorobenzene. | 0 |
It is a protoberberine alkaloid found in some plant species, such as Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae). Synonyms that may be encountered include jateorrhizine, neprotin, jatrochizine, jatrorhizine, and yatrorizine. | It is a rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an antiviral agent, a mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent and an EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor. It is a member of rotenones, an aromatic ether, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a diether. | 0 |
It is a carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-isopropylbutanoic acid with the hydroxy group of (7aS)-2,3,5,7a-tetrahydropyrrolizin-7-ylmethanol. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of pyrrolizines, a butyrate ester, a carboxylic ester, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary alcohol and a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. | It is a member of the class of aminopyridines that is 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A fungicide used to control grey mould, downy mildew and other fungal pathogens. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an allergen, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and an antifungal agrochemical. It is a C-nitro compound, a chloropyridine, an aminopyridine, a secondary amino compound, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Swertia japonica, Basella alba, and other organisms with data available. | It is a natural product found in Panax ginseng with data available. | 0 |
It is a choline-based ester that can function as a neurotransmitter. It is similar to acetylcholine, with activation of some of the same receptors as acetylcholine. It is a synthetic compound and does not occur in the body naturally. It is used as a clinical laboratory tool to distinguish between the cholinesterases; acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase preferentially lyse acetylcholine and butyrylcholine, respectively. It is also known as pseudocholinesterase [correction needed]. | It is a straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component and a non-polar solvent. | 0 |
It is a carboxylic ester. | It is a tannin. | 0 |
It A is an erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. It is an erythromycin and a cyclic ketone. It is functionally related to an erythronolide A. It is a conjugate base of an erythromycin A(1+). | It (DHA) is an oxidized form of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It is actively imported into the endoplasmic reticulum of cells via glucose transporters. It is trapped therein by reduction back to ascorbate by glutathione and other thiols. The (free) chemical radical semidehydroascorbic acid (SDA) also belongs to the group of oxidized ascorbic acids. | 0 |
It is a straight-chain alkane with 15 carbon atoms. It is a component of volatile oils isolated from plants species like Scandix balansae. It has a role as an animal metabolite, a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. | It is an optically inactive hexitol having meso-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. | 0 |
It is a member of indanes. | It is a nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent. It is a volatile organic compound and an aliphatic nitrile. | 0 |
It is an organic compound with the formula ClCHNCCl, and is described as a white crystalline solid with a sweet odor. It is used as a nitrification inhibitor and bactericide, which is applied to soils for the growing of agricultural crops since 1974. It was put up for review by the EPA and deemed safe for use in 2005. It is an effective nitrification inhibitor to the bacteria Nitrosomonas and has been shown to drastically the reduce the amount of NO emissions from the soil. | It is a sesquiterpenoid. | 0 |
Buten-2-one is a methyl ketone that is butan-2-one with an unsaturation at position 3. It is a methyl ketone and an enone. It is functionally related to a butan-2-one and a but-1-ene. | It (as distigmine bromide) is a parasympathomimetic. It is similar to pyridostigmine and neostigmine but has a longer duration of action. It is available as tablets on prescription only. It is commonly used to treat various conditions, including myasthenia gravis and underactive bladder. It has a greater risk of causing cholinergic crisis because of accumulation of the drug being more likely than with neostigmine or pyridostigmine and so distigmine is rarely used as a treatment for myasthenia gravis, unlike pyridostigmine and neostigmine. | 0 |
It is an aromatic substance used as a flavoring agent. It is one of the compounds responsible for the natural aroma of buckwheat.
Some insects such as Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red palm weevil) use this substance for chemical signaling (pheromones).
The aroma of pure substance was described as: apple, spicy, peanut, wine-like or clove and curry.
Ferulic acid is converted to 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol by certain strains of yeast, notably strains used in brewing of wheat beers, such as phenolic (POF+) strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewers yeast) which gives beers such as Weissbier and Wit their distinctive spicy "clove" flavor. Various other microbes, including Torulaspora delbrueckii and Pseudomonas fluorescens' are also able to convert ferulic acid into 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol. | It is a natural product found in Mangifera indica with data available. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Fibraurea chloroleuca, Corydalis ternata, and other organisms with data available. | It is a member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent. It is a member of biphenyls and a substituted aniline. | 0 |
It, or glycolylurea, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CHC(O)NHC(O)NH. It is a colorless solid that arises from the reaction of glycolic acid and urea. It is an oxidized derivative of imidazolidine. In a more general sense, hydantoins can refer to groups or a class of compounds with the same ring structure as the parent compound. For example, phenytoin (mentioned below) has two phenyl groups substituted onto the number 5 carbon in a hydantoin molecule. | It is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione. | 1 |
It is an organosilicon compound that is silane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. It has a role as a NMR chemical shift reference compound. | It, sold under the brand name Arava among others, is an immunosuppressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), used in active moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. It is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor that works by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. | 0 |
It is an organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union. It has a role as an antiseptic drug, an acaricide, an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agrochemical. It is a polyphenol, a trichlorobenzene and a bridged diphenyl fungicide. | It is a water-soluble pyrimidine-based antibiotic which is produced by the bacteria Streptomyces graminearus and Streptomyces gougerotii. It is named after the dermatologist Henri-Eugène Gougerot. It has activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as against viruses. | 0 |
It is 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema. It has a role as a diuretic and an antihypertensive agent. | It is a natural product found in Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Baeckea frutescens, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. It has a role as an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor. | It is a vitamin B antagonist. It may be toxic to developing embryos since it can have negative effects on collagen and elastin during development. The presence of this compound can produce vitamin B deficiency, which suppresses the immune system. It lowers vitamin B concentration by competitively inhibiting some of the enzymes necessary for the regeneration of vitamin B The related immunosuppression can be beneficial in animal models of Trichinella spiralis infections. It has also been described as an inhibitor of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase. The inhibition of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase by It has been shown to prevent cell death of ex-vivo animal pancreatic islets. The use of It to prevent stress-induced apoptosis is suggest that the compound, as well as other inhibitors of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase, could be used to increase the viability of donor pancreatic tissue in the treatment of diabetes. | 0 |
It, sold under the brand name Daraprim among others, is a medication used with leucovorin (leucovorin is used to decrease side effects of pyrimethamine; it does not have intrinsic anti-parasitic activity) to treat the parasitic diseases toxoplasmosis and cystoisosporiasis. It is also used with dapsone as a second-line option to prevent Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS. It was previously used for malaria but is no longer recommended due to resistance. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, severe allergic reactions, and bone marrow suppression. It should not be used by people with folate deficiency that has resulted in anemia. There is concern that it may increase the risk of cancer. While occasionally used in pregnancy it is unclear if pyrimethamine is safe for the baby. It is classified as a folic acid antagonist. It works by inhibiting folic acid metabolism and therefore the making of DNA.
It was discovered in 1952 and came into medical use in 1953. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was approved as a generic in the United States in February 2020. | It is a monocarboxylic acid. | 0 |
-It or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine. It is encoded by the codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA.
The one-letter symbol Y was assigned to tyrosine for being alphabetically nearest of those letters available. Note that T was assigned to the structurally simpler threonine, U was avoided for its similarity with V for valine, W was assigned to tryptophan, while X was reserved for undetermined or atypical amino acids. The mnemonic tYrosine was also proposed. | It (symbol Phe or F) is an essential α-amino acid with the formula . It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of alanine. This essential amino acid is classified as neutral, and nonpolar because of the inert and hydrophobic nature of the benzyl side chain. The -isomer is used to biochemically form proteins coded for by DNA. It is a precursor for tyrosine, the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), and the biological pigment melanin. It is encoded by the messenger RNA codons UUU and UUC.
It is found naturally in the milk of mammals. It is used in the manufacture of food and drink products and sold as a nutritional supplement as it is a direct precursor to the neuromodulator phenethylamine. As an essential amino acid, phenylalanine is not synthesized de novo in humans and other animals, who must ingest phenylalanine or phenylalanine-containing proteins.
The one-letter symbol F was assigned to phenylalanine for its phonetic similarity. | 0 |
It is a dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, a geroprotector and a T-type calcium channel blocker. It is a pyrrolidinone and a dicarboximide. | It atom is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom. | 0 |
It is a primary amine. | It is an acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 17alpha-hydroxy group of medroxyprogesterone with the carboxy group of acetic acid. A widely used progestin in menopausal hormone therapy and in progestogen-only birth control. It has a role as a progestin, an androgen, a female contraceptive drug, a synthetic oral contraceptive, an adjuvant, an inhibitor, an antioxidant and an antineoplastic agent. It is a steroid ester, an acetate ester, a 20-oxo steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid and a corticosteroid. It is functionally related to a medroxyprogesterone. | 0 |
It is an organic cyclic compound that consists of cyclopentadiene bearing a methylene substituent. The parent of the class of fulvenes. | It is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. It is a member of isoquinolines and a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid. | 0 |
It, sold under the brand name Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. This includes breast cancer, bladder cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is often used together with other chemotherapy agents. It is given by injection into a vein.
Common side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, vomiting, rash, and inflammation of the mouth. Other serious side effects may include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, heart damage, tissue damage at the site of injection, radiation recall, and treatment-related leukemia. People often experience red discoloration of the urine for a few days. It is in the anthracycline and antitumor antibiotic family of medications. It works in part by interfering with the function of DNA.
It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1974. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. Versions that are pegylated and in liposomes are also available; however, they are more expensive. It was originally made from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius'. | It is a member of indoles. | 0 |
It, also known as methylandrostanolone and sold under the brand names Androstalone and Ermalone among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is mostly no longer used. It is still available for use in Japan however. It is taken by mouth.
Side effects of mestanolone include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire. It can also cause liver damage. The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It has strong androgenic effects and weak anabolic effects, which make it useful for producing masculine psychological and behavioral effects. The drug has no estrogenic effects.
It was discovered in 1935 and was introduced for medical use in the 1950s. In addition to its medical use, mestanolone has been used to improve physique and performance. It was used in East Germany in Olympic athletes as part of a state-sponsored doping program in the 1970s and 1980s. The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit. | It is a member of phenothiazines. | 0 |
It is an organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring. It has a role as a histological dye and a food colouring. It contains a tartrazine(3-). | It is a medication used in the treatment of filariasis including lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis. It may also be used for prevention of loiasis in those at high risk. While it has been used for onchocerciasis (river blindness), ivermectin is preferred. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include itching, facial swelling, headaches, and feeling tired. Other side effects include vision loss and dizziness. It is a recommended treatment in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the baby. The World Health Organization; however, recommends waiting until after pregnancy for treatment when feasible. It is made from 4-methyl-piperazine.
It was discovered in 1947 by Yellapragada Subbarow. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is not commercially available in the United States but can be acquired from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides with data available. | It is a member of the class of diazepanes that is 1,4-diazepane substituted by 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]propyl groups at positions 1 and 4. It is a potent adenosine uptake inhibitor that exhibits antiplatelet, antianginal and vasodilator properties. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent. It is a member of methoxybenzenes, a benzoate ester, a diester and a diazepane. It is a conjugate base of a dilazep(2+). | 0 |
It (PPA) is a sympathomimetic agent which is used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant. It was commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. In veterinary medicine, it is used to control urinary incontinence in dogs. | L-topaquinone is a topaquinone that has S configuration. It is a topaquinone and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid. | 0 |
It is a 1st generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to relieve nasal congestion and in eye drops, usually in combination with naphazoline, to relieve the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. To treat allergic conjunctivitis, antazoline can be combined in a solution with tetryzoline. The drug is a Histamine H1 receptor antagonist: selectively binding to but not activating the receptor, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine and subsequently leading to the temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine.
A large study on people 65 years old or older linked the development of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia to the "higher cumulative" use of first-generation antihistamines, due to their anticholinergic properties. | (S)-colchicine is a colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. It has a role as a mutagen, an anti-inflammatory agent and a gout suppressant. It is a colchicine and an alkaloid. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-colchicine. | 0 |
It is a monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are substituted by fluorines. It is a monocarboxylic acid and an organofluorine compound. It is functionally related to an acetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a difluoroacetate. | It is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor, an antibacterial agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid and an organic cation. | 0 |
It is a dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, an anticoronaviral agent and a ferroptosis inhibitor. It is a member of piperidones, a piperidine antibiotic, an antibiotic fungicide, a dicarboximide, a secondary alcohol and a cyclic ketone. It is functionally related to a piperidine-2,6-dione. | It is an anticholinergic drug principally used for the treatment of drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia and acute dystonia, Parkinson's disease, and idiopathic or secondary dystonia. | 0 |
D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate is a D-glucose monophosphate in which the phosphate group is located at position 1. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is functionally related to a D-glucose and a D-glucopyranose. It is a conjugate acid of a D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate(2-). | It is a tricyclic sesquiterpene alcohol which has a basic skeleton similar to the azulenes. It occurs in oregano among other plants. | 0 |
It is a diarylmethane. | It is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(CH). It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow. It has a fishy odor, typical for amines. It is sparingly soluble in water. As an amine, it is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Taiwanofungus camphoratus and Glycyrrhiza glabra with data available. | It is a straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi). It has a role as a non-polar solvent and a plant metabolite. It is a volatile organic compound and an alkane. | 0 |
It is a benzoylurea insecticide, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes, a member of monofluorobenzenes and a difluorobenzene. It has a role as a mite growth regulator. It is functionally related to a diphenyl ether. | It, sold under the brand name Zavesca among others, is a medication used to treat type I Gaucher disease and Pompe disease.
It was approved for medical use in the European Union in November 2002, and for medical use in the United States in July 2003. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug. It has a role as a geroprotector, a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a serotonergic antagonist. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, a member of benzimidazoles and a diarylmethane. | It is an oxopurine that is a derivative of xanthine, methylated at N-1 and N-3 and carrying a 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl group at N-7, used in the treatment of asthma. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, an antitussive and an anti-asthmatic drug. It is functionally related to a 7H-xanthine. | 0 |
It is a carboxylic ester that is the carboxymethyl ester of indometacin. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and low back pain, as well as for postoperative pain and inflammation. Its activity is due to both acemetacin and its major metabolite, indometacin. It has a role as a prodrug, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a non-narcotic analgesic. It is a N-acylindole, a monocarboxylic acid, a carboxylic ester, an indol-3-yl carboxylic acid and a member of monochlorobenzenes. It is functionally related to an indometacin. | It is a chlorine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorite. | 0 |
It (synonyms: m-AMSA, acridinyl anisidide) is an antineoplastic agent.
It has been used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | It is a chemical compound that is produced naturally in the body through metabolism of dopamine. It has been shown to be a selective dopaminergic neurotoxin, and has been suggested as a possible cause of neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and the brain damage associated with alcoholism, although evidence for a causal relationship is unclear.
(R)-Salsolinol which has been shown to be a product of ethanol metabolism, stereospecifically induces behavioral sensitization and leads to excessive alcohol intake in rats | 0 |
It is an arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an arsenate(1-) and an arsenate ion. | It is a natural product found in Dichrocephala integrifolia, Ambrosia monogyra, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available. | It, or butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, is an organic compound with the formula . It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents. It has proven to be a highly successful antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It is also used in medication suspensions, and as a flavoring additive in food. | 0 |
It is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound, an organic heterotricyclic compound, an oxacycle and an alkaloid antibiotic. | It is a cardiac glycoside used for the treatment of heart failure and certain kinds of heart arrhythmia. It is a phytosteroid and is similar in structure and effects to digoxin, though the effects are longer-lasting. Unlike digoxin, which is eliminated from the body via the kidneys, it is eliminated via the liver, and so can be used in patients with poor or erratic kidney function. While several controlled trials have shown digoxin to be effective in a proportion of patients treated for heart failure, the evidence base for digitoxin is not as strong, although it is presumed to be similarly effective. | 0 |
It is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an analgesic, a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of adenosines. It is functionally related to an adenine. | It, sold under the brand names Loxitane and Adasuve (inhalation only) among others, is a tricyclic antipsychotic medication used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia. The medicine is a member of the dibenzoxazepine class and structurally very similar to clozapine. Several researchers have argued that loxapine, initially classified as a typical antipsychotic, behaves as an atypical antipsychotic.
It may be metabolized by N-demethylation to amoxapine, a tricyclic antidepressant. | 0 |
It is an isolate of Papaveraceae with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. | It is an enone and an enol. | 0 |
It, also known as ethinylestradiol cyclopentyl ether (EECPE), sold under the brand name Estrovis among others, is an estrogen medication which has been used in menopausal hormone therapy, hormonal birth control, and to treat breast cancer and prostate cancer. It is taken once per week to once per month by mouth. | It is a trihydroxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3, 5 and 7. It has a role as an antimutagen, an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavanone and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. | 0 |
It is the general name for the hydrogen anion H(-), to be used without regard to the hydrogen nuclear mass (either for hydrogen in its natural abundance or where it is not desired to distinguish between the isotopes). | It is a commonly used pre-emergence herbicide. With about used in the United States in 2001, it is one of the most widely used herbicides. It is generally applied to the soil to provide control of a variety of annual grass and broadleaf weed species. It inhibits root development by interrupting mitosis, and thus can control weeds as they germinate. | 0 |
It is a chemical compound with the formula and structure , which exists as a tautomer with isothiocyanic acid (). The isothiocyanic acid tautomer tends to dominate with the compound being about 95% isothiocyanic acid in the vapor phase.
It is a moderately strong acid, with a pK of 1.1 at 20 °C and extrapolated to zero ionic strength.
One of the thiocyanic acid tautomers, HSCN, is predicted to have a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen. It has been observed spectroscopically.
The salts and esters of thiocyanic acid are known as thiocyanates. The salts are composed of the thiocyanate ion () and a suitable cation (e.g., potassium thiocyanate, KSCN). The esters of thiocyanic acid have the general structure , where R stands for an organyl group.
Isothiocyanic acid, HNCS, is a Lewis acid whose free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes for its 1:1 association with a variety of Lewis bases in carbon tetrachloride solution at 25 °C have been reported. HNCS acceptor properties are discussed in the ECW model. The salts are composed of the thiocyanate ion () and a suitable cation (e.g., ammonium thiocyanate, ). Isothiocyanic acid forms isothiocyanates , where R stands for an organyl group. | 7-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)isovitexin is a C-glycosyl compound that is isovitexin in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an isovitexin. | 0 |
It (SiC), also known as carborundum (), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite, but has been mass-produced as a powder and crystal since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded together by sintering to form very hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes, car clutches and ceramic plates in bulletproof vests. Large single crystals of silicon carbide can be grown by the Lely method and they can be cut into gems known as synthetic moissanite.
Electronic applications of silicon carbide such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and detectors in early radios were first demonstrated around 1907. SiC is used in semiconductor electronics devices that operate at high temperatures or high voltages, or both. | It is a carbonate ester. | 0 |
It (INN) or pizotyline (USAN), trade name Sandomigran, is a benzocycloheptene-based drug used as a medicine, primarily as a preventive to reduce the frequency of recurrent migraine headaches. | It is a member of triazoles, a triazole antifungal drug and a conazole antifungal drug. It has a role as a prodrug. It is functionally related to a fluconazole. | 0 |
It is an imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively. It has a role as a cross-linking reagent and a biomarker. It is an imidazopyridine and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid. | It is a member of isoquinolines. | 0 |
It is a steroid lactone and a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid. It has a role as a contraceptive drug, an aldosterone antagonist and a progestin. | It (2′-3′-dideoxycytidine, ddC), also called dideoxycytidine, is a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) sold under the trade name Hivid. It was the third antiretroviral to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is used as part of a combination regimen.
It appears less potent than some other nucleoside RTIs, has an inconvenient three-times daily frequency and is associated with serious adverse events. For these reasons it is now rarely used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and it has even been removed from pharmacies entirely in some countries. | 0 |
It is a fatty acid ethyl ester of decanoic acid. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a fatty acid ethyl ester and a decanoate ester. | It (INN) is a class III antiarrhythmic agent approved in Japan for the treatment of arrhythmias and ventricular tachycardia. It has the brand name Shinbit. | 0 |
It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is 24,25,26-trinoroleana-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-29-oic acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2, a hydroxy substituent at position 3 and two methyl groups at positions 9 and 13. An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Potently inhibits lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NFkappaB activation. Also shown to inhibit topoisomerase II activity in vitro (IC50 = 7.41 muM). It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory drug, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a Hsp90 inhibitor and a metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a monocarboxylic acid. | It is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Its isolation from soil from Nigeria was described in the 1950s, by R.L Harned (et. al), and in 1968 the structure could be elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The structure and properties of nigericin are similar to the antibiotic monensin. Commercially it is obtained as a byproduct, or contaminant, at the fermentation of geldanamycin. It is also called polyetherin A, azalomycin M, helixin C, antibiotic K178, and antibiotic X-464.
It acts as an H, K, Pb ionophore. Most commonly it is an antiporter of H and K.
In the past nigericin was used as an antibiotic active against gram positive bacteria. It inhibits the Golgi functions in Eukaryotic cells. Its ability to induce K efflux also makes it a potent activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome | 0 |
It is a lignan. | It is a natural product found in Vachellia rigidula and Euphausia pacifica with data available. | 0 |
It is a C21-steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a fluorinated steroid, a mineralocorticoid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid and an 11beta-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an adrenergic agent and an anti-inflammatory drug. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. | It is the organic compound with the formula ClCHCN. A colorless liquid, it is derived from acetonitrile (CHCN) by replacement of one H with Cl. In practice, it is produced by dehydration of chloroacetamide. The compound is an alkylating agent, and as such is handled cautiously.
It is also generated in situ by the reaction of acetonitrile with sulfur monochloride. A second chlorination gives dichloroacetonitrile, which undergoes cycloaddition with sulfur monochloride to give 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride:
:ClCHCN + SCl → [SNCCl]Cl + HCl | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available. | It is a beta lactam antibiotic from the penicillin family. It is an acid stable prodrug that was administered orally. It is not approved by the FDA for use in the United States. It should be avoided in Liver diseases | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Streptomyces, Brassica napus, and other organisms with data available. | It is a methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol. It has a role as an alkylating agent, an antineoplastic agent, a carcinogenic agent, a genotoxin, a mutagen and a teratogenic agent. | 0 |
It is a quassinoid isolated from Brucea javanica and Brucea sumatrana and has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity. It has a role as a metabolite, an antimalarial and an antineoplastic agent. It is a quassinoid, a delta-lactone, a cyclic ether, an enone, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a tetrol, an enol and a methyl ester. | It is a monoterpenoid that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl group. A defensive allomone of thrips that has a flowery, citrus-like flavour. It has a role as a semiochemical, a metabolite and a fragrance. It is a member of furans and a monoterpenoid. | 0 |
It is an N-sulfonylurea that is N-carbamoyl-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the non-sulfonylated nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group. A herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley and oats. It has a role as an agrochemical, a herbicide and an EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor. It is a N-sulfonylurea, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a methoxy-1,3,5-triazine. | It is a delta-lactone. | 0 |
It is an organic molecular entity. | It is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Fm and atomic number 100. It is an actinide and the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities, although pure fermium metal has not yet been prepared. A total of 20 isotopes are known, with Fm being the longest-lived with a half-life of 100.5 days.
It was discovered in the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Enrico Fermi, one of the pioneers of nuclear physics. Its chemistry is typical for the late actinides, with a preponderance of the +3 oxidation state but also an accessible +2 oxidation state. Owing to the small amounts of produced fermium and all of its isotopes having relatively short half-lives, there are currently no uses for it outside basic scientific research. | 0 |
It (INN) (brand name Somagest; developmental code name CERM-898) is a drug that was formerly marketed in France but is now no longer sold. According to various sources it has been said to be an anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antispasmodic, anticholinergic, antihistamine, and antiserotonergic, but its definitive indications and pharmacology are unclear. The drug was first synthesized in 1969 and was introduced in France in 1972. | It is a member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. It has a role as a H2-receptor antagonist, a P450 inhibitor, an anti-ulcer drug, an analgesic and an adjuvant. It is a member of guanidines, a member of imidazoles, an aliphatic sulfide and a nitrile. | 0 |
It is an anabolic chemical compound that prevents muscle wasting. It is naturally found in leaves of tomatoes and green tomatoes. Chemically, it is the aglycone of tomatine. It has been shown to have multiple health benefits. It is an inhibitor of skeletal muscle atrophy, and a potential therapeutic agent for aging-associated sarcopenia, reducing weakness and atrophy in aged skeletal muscle by interaction with the ATF4 (a critical mediator of age-related muscle weakness and atrophy).
Dietary supplementation with ~0.04% tomatidine for 10 weeks reduces plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice without evidence of toxicity. | It is a natural product found in Solanum tuberosum, Solanum kieseritzkii, and other organisms with data available. | 1 |
It is a sulfinyl halide in which both of the halide atoms are chorines. It is a sulfinyl halide and a chlorine molecular entity. | It (INN) is an analgesic and NSAID, meaning that it has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antiplatelet aggregation activity. Chemically it is a carboxylic acid belonging to the group of phenylpropanoic acids. | 0 |
It is a 4-{2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide that has R configuration. It is used as oral farnesyltransferase inhibitor. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor. | It is a berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10. It is a berberine alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an aromatic ether and an oxacycle. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Pisolithus tinctorius, Talaromyces verruculosus, and other organisms with data available. | It, also known as mellitene, is a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula CH and the condensed structural formula C(CH). It is an aromatic compound and a derivative of benzene, where benzene's six hydrogen atoms have each been replaced by a methyl group. In 1929, Kathleen Lonsdale reported the crystal structure of hexamethylbenzene, demonstrating that the central ring is hexagonal and flat and thereby ending an ongoing debate about the physical parameters of the benzene system. This was a historically significant result, both for the field of X-ray crystallography and for understanding aromaticity.
It can be oxidised to mellitic acid, which is found in nature as its aluminium salt in the rare mineral mellite. It can be used as a ligand in organometallic compounds. An example from organoruthenium chemistry shows structural change in the ligand associated with changes in the oxidation state of the metal centre, though the same change is not observed in the analogous organoiron system.
In 2016 the crystal structure of the hexamethylbenzene dication was reported in Angewandte Chemie International Edition, showing a pyramidal structure in which a single carbon atom has a bonding interaction with six other carbon atoms. This structure was "unprecedented", as the usual maximum valence of carbon is four, and it attracted attention from New Scientist, Chemical & Engineering News, and Science News. The structure does not violate the octet rule since the carbon–carbon bonds formed are not two-electron bonds, and is pedagogically valuable for illustrating that a carbon atom "can [directly bond] with more than four atoms". Steven Bachrach has demonstrated that the compound is hypercoordinated but not hypervalent, and also explained its aromaticity. The idea of describing the chemical bonding in compounds and chemical species in this way through the lens of organometallic chemistry was proposed in 1975, soon after the dication was first observed. | 0 |
It is a monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond. It has a role as a prodrug, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an anti-ulcer drug and a gastrointestinal drug. It is a conjugate acid of a balsalazide(2-). | It, HFB, , or perfluorobenzene is an organofluorine compound. In this derivative of benzene, all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. The technical uses of the compound are limited, although it has some specialized uses in the laboratory owing to distinctive spectroscopic properties. | 0 |
It is a dicarboximide. | It is an organic compound that is related to a variety of natural and synthetic insecticides. It is related to the pyrethrin I and II, as well as the pyrethroids. One of the four stereoisomers, (1R,3R)- or (+)-trans-chrysanthemic acid (pictured), is the acid part of the ester pyrethrin I, which occurs naturally in the seed cases of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. Many synthetic pyrethroids, for example the allethrins, are esters of all four stereoisomers. Staudinger and Ružička named chrysanthemic acid in 1924. | 0 |
It, sold under the brand name Nexavar, is a kinase inhibitor drug approved for the treatment of primary kidney cancer (advanced renal cell carcinoma), advanced primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), FLT3-ITD positive AML and radioactive iodine resistant advanced thyroid carcinoma. | It is the simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens. It is a member of boranes and a mononuclear parent hydride. | 0 |
It is a tetrasaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 6-position of the glucose. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a raffinose family oligosaccharide and a tetrasaccharide. It is functionally related to a sucrose and a raffinose. | It is a tetrasaccharide consisting of two α--galactose units, one α--glucose unit, and one β--fructose unit sequentially linked as Gal(α1→6)Gal(α1→6)Glc(α1↔2β)Fruf. Together with related oligosaccharides such as raffinose, stachyose occurs naturally in numerous vegetables (e.g. green beans, soybeans and other beans) and other plants.
It is less sweet than sucrose, at about 28% on a weight basis. It is mainly used as a bulk sweetener or for its functional oligosaccharide properties. It is not completely digestible by humans and delivers 1.5 to 2.4 kcal/g (6 to 10 kJ/g). | 1 |
It is a saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent, a member of azetidines and an azacycloalkane. | It is a saturated heterocyclic organic compound containing three carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. It is a liquid at room temperature with a strong odor of ammonia and is strongly basic compared to most secondary amines. | 1 |
3-oxopentanoic acid is an oxopentanoic acid and a 3-oxo fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-oxopentanoate. | It is a member of naphthalenes. | 0 |
It is an organosulfur compound used as a short-acting sulfa drug. Formerly, it was a common oral and topical antimicrobial, until less toxic alternatives were discovered.
It exists in various forms (polymorphs). The imine tautomer is dominant in solid samples. | It (synonyms: m-AMSA, acridinyl anisidide) is an antineoplastic agent.
It has been used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | 0 |
It is a terpenoid compound that accumulates in tobacco Nicotiana tabacum and chili pepper Capsicum annuum in response to fungal infection. It is categorized under the broad term of phytoalexin, a class of low molecular weight plant secondary metabolites that are produced during infection. Phytoalexins are also characterized as a part of a two pronged response to infection which involves a short term response consisting of production of free radicals near the site of infection and a long term response involving the production of hormones and an increase in enzymes to biosynthesize phytoalexins such as capsidiol.
__TOC__ | It is an eremophilane sesquiterpenoid that is (+)-5-epi-aristolochene bearing additional 1beta- and 3alpha-hydroxy substituents. It is a phytoalexin produced in Nicotiana and Capsicum plant species in response to pathogen attack. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antifungal agent. It is an eremophilane sesquiterpenoid, a sesquiterpene phytoalexin and a member of octahydronaphthalenes. It is functionally related to a (+)-5-epi-aristolochene. | 1 |
It is a monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is an azabicycloalkane, a thiabicycloalkane, a member of ureas, a monocarboxylic acid amide, a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid and a L-lysine derivative. It is functionally related to a biotin. It is a tautomer of a biocytin zwitterion. | It (3,7-dicyclopropylmethyl-9,9-tetramethylene-3,7-diazabicyclo-3,3,1-nonane) is an experimental class III antiarrhythmic agent currently being investigated for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. It blocks multiple types of potassium channels in the heart resulting in slowed heart rate. While the effects of tedisamil have been demonstrated in both atrial and ventricular muscle, repolarization is prolonged more efficiently in the atria. It is administered intravenously and has a half-life of approximately 8 –13 hours in circulation. It is being developed as an alternative to other antiarrhythmics as incidence of additional arrhythmic events is lower compared to other class III agents. It also has significant anti-ischemic properties and was initially investigated as a potential treatment for angina until its antiarrhythmic effects were discovered.
It is manufactured by Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc. under the proposed trade name Pulzium. | 0 |
It is a harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond. It has a role as a oneirogen. It derives from a hydride of a harman. | It is an aromatic organic compound with a molecular formula CHNO, a benzene-fused oxazole ring structure, and an odor similar to pyridine. Although benzoxazole itself is of little practical value, many derivatives of benzoxazoles are commercially important.
Being a heterocyclic compound, benzoxazole finds use in research as a starting material for the synthesis of larger, usually bioactive structures. Its aromaticity makes it relatively stable, although as a heterocycle, it has reactive sites which allow for functionalization. | 0 |
But-1-ene is a butene with unsaturation at position 1. | It is a natural product found in Microchloropsis, Humulus lupulus, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, a member of pyridines and a tertiary amino compound. | It is a monocarboxylic acid. It has a role as an antifibrinolytic drug and a hematologic agent. It is functionally related to a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. | 0 |
It is the organic compound, an aldehyde, with the chemical formula CH(CH)CHO. A colorless fragrant liquid with a fruit-like odor, it occurs naturally in citrus oils. It is used commercially as a component in perfumes and in flavor production for the food industry. It is usually produced by hydroformylation of heptene and the dehydrogenation of 1-octanol.
It can also be referred to as caprylic aldehyde or C8 aldehyde. | It is a natural product found in Euploca bracteata, Senecio vernalis, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a wide-spectrum antifungal drug. It is used for the topical treatment of superficial mycoses of the skin. It is an imidazole derivative. Its antifungal activity has been demonstrated in in vivo and in vitro studies to be comparable to that of clotrimazole and higher than bifonazole. | It is a beta-D-glucoside, a furonaphthodioxole and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a DNA synthesis inhibitor. It is functionally related to a podophyllotoxin and a 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin. | 0 |
It is the meso-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; a sulfur-containing sugar derived from the monosaccharide erythrose; and an epimer of dithiothreitol. It has a role as a reducing agent. | It (maduramycin) is an antiprotozoal agent used in veterinary medicine to prevent coccidiosis. It is a natural chemical compound first isolated from the actinomycete Actinomadura rubra. | 0 |
It is a cedrane sesquiterpenoid and a tertiary alcohol. | It is a member of pyrroles. | 0 |
It is an aromatic substance used as a flavoring agent. It is one of the compounds responsible for the natural aroma of buckwheat.
Some insects such as Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red palm weevil) use this substance for chemical signaling (pheromones).
The aroma of pure substance was described as: apple, spicy, peanut, wine-like or clove and curry.
Ferulic acid is converted to 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol by certain strains of yeast, notably strains used in brewing of wheat beers, such as phenolic (POF+) strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewers yeast) which gives beers such as Weissbier and Wit their distinctive spicy "clove" flavor. Various other microbes, including Torulaspora delbrueckii and Pseudomonas fluorescens' are also able to convert ferulic acid into 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol. | It is the ester of 1-octanol and gallic acid. As a food additive, it is used under the E number E311 as an antioxidant and preservative. | 0 |
It is an organic molecular entity. | It is a chemical compound with formula . It is a dihalogenocarboxylic acid, specifically a structural analog of acetic acid with two of three hydrogen atoms on the alpha carbon replaced with fluorine atoms. In solution, it dissociates to form difluoroacetate ions. It can also be used as direct C-H difluoromethylating reagent. | 0 |
It is a germanium hydride and a mononuclear parent hydride. | In order to produce a rationally divided encyclopedia, each article bears a title. The idea is that material found under that title has a substantial relationship to that title – else the title becomes ineffective for the use of users of Wikipedia.
Articles filled with "interesting facts" which are not reasonably related to the subject of the article are not actually very useful at all. One example cited would be inclusion of a section about Santa Claus in an article about Whales unless a truly creative connection has been made by reliable sources, and then only to the extent the reliable sources connect the topics. | 1 |
It is an amidobenzoic acid. | It is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamido side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively. It is a cephalosporin and a member of thiadiazoles. | 0 |
It is an aryl dialkyl phosphate where both the alkyl groups are ethyl and the aryl group is 4-nitrophenyl. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor and a mouse metabolite. It is an aryl dialkyl phosphate and an organophosphate insecticide. | It is an arsenic-containing medication used for the treatment of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis). It is specifically used for second-stage disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense when the central nervous system is involved. For Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, eflornithine or fexinidazole is usually preferred. It is effective in about 95% of people. It is given by injection into a vein.
It has a high number of side effects. Common side effects include brain dysfunction, numbness, rashes, and kidney and liver problems. About 1-5% of people die during treatment, although this is tolerated due to sleeping sickness itself having a practically 100% mortality rate when untreated. In those with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, red blood cell breakdown may occur. It has not been studied in pregnancy. It works by blocking pyruvate kinase, an enzyme required for aerobic metabolism by the parasite.
It has been used medically since 1949. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In regions of the world where the disease is common, melarsoprol is provided for free by the World Health Organization. It is not commercially available in Canada or the United States. In the United States, it may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, while in Canada it is available from Health Canada. | 0 |
It (TEA) is a quaternary ammonium cation with the chemical formula , consisting of four ethyl groups (, denoted Et) attached to a central nitrogen atom. It is a counterion used in the research laboratory to prepare lipophilic salts of inorganic anions. It is used similarly to tetrabutylammonium, the difference being that its salts are less lipophilic, more easily crystallized and more toxic. | It is a benzoisochromanequinone and a member of p-quinones. It has a role as a metabolite. | 0 |
It is an organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid. A multi-enzyme inhibitor that is used in alcohol aversion therapy and also exhibits anticancer properties. It has a role as an EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, a fungicide, an apoptosis inducer, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a ferroptosis inducer. It is an organic disulfide and an organosulfur acaricide. | It is a member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by methyl groups. | 0 |
It is a constituent of ginkgo and an amino acid. It is a derivative of kynurenic acid and has similarly been found to antagonize AMPA and NMDA, as well as their corresponding receptors. | It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5. It has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and an anxiolytic drug. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone and an organochlorine compound. | 0 |
It is a monocarboxylic acid. | It is a dibenzooxazepine. | 0 |
It is an organochlorine acaricide, a dichlorobenzene, an oxaspiro compound and a gamma-lactone. It is functionally related to a 1,3-dichlorobenzene. | It is an acaricide and insecticide used in agriculture to control mites and San Jose scale. In the United States, it is used on citrus, grapes, pome fruit, stone fruit, and tree nut crops.
It belongs to the tetronic acid class and acts by inhibiting lipid biosynthesis. | 1 |
It is a tellurium coordination entity. | It is an organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent, a muscarinic antagonist and an antiparkinson drug. It is a member of pyridines, a tertiary amino compound and a member of monochlorobenzenes. | 0 |
It is a chemical that occurs naturally in shellfish and is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spiroverticillatus. It is a polyketide-based structure characterized by a three hydroxyl groups, two ketones, a dialkylmaleic anhydride, an ester linkage (connecting anhydride unit to polyketide chain), a spiroketal and one methyl ether among others. | It is a member of the class of benzoisochromanequinone that is produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and exhibits antibiotic activity. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite and an antimicrobial agent. It is a benzoisochromanequinone, a polyketide, a dicarboxylic acid, a polyphenol, a ring assembly and a member of p-quinones. It is a conjugate acid of an actinorhodin(3-). | 0 |
It is a pyran-2,4-dione substituted at position 3 by an acetyl group and at position 6 by a methyl group. A fungicide and bactericide it is used primarily in processed fruit and vegetables. It has a role as a fungicide, an antibacterial agent and a plasticiser. It is a pyran-2,4-dione and a ketone. | It is an iodine oxoanion and a monovalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of an iodic acid. | 0 |
It is a ketotriose consisting of acetone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 3. The simplest member of the class of ketoses and the parent of the class of glycerones. It has a role as a metabolite, an antifungal agent, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a ketotriose and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone. | It is a natural product found in Locusta migratoria, Botrytis cinerea, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a benzoylurea insecticide, a member of monochlorobenzenes, an aromatic ether and an organofluorine compound. | It (NOMAC), sold under the brand names Lutenyl and Zoely among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders. It is available both alone and in combination with an estrogen. NOMAC is taken by mouth. A birth control implant for placement under the skin was also developed but ultimately was not marketed.
Side effects of NOMAC include menstrual irregularities, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, and others. NOMAC is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has some antiandrogenic activity and no other important hormonal activity.
Nomegestrol, a related compound, was patented in 1975, and NOMAC was described in 1983. NOMAC was first introduced for medical use, for the treatment of gynecological disorders and in menopausal hormone therapy, in Europe in 1986. It was subsequently approved in Europe in 2011 as a component of birth control pills. NOMAC is available widely throughout the world. It is not available in the United States or Canada. | 0 |
It (brand names Mazanor, Sanorex) is a stimulant drug which is used as an appetite suppressant. It was developed by Sandoz-Wander in the 1960s. | It is an organic molecular entity. | 1 |
It is a carbamate pesticide (an acetylecholinesterase inhibitor) which is used as an insecticide, bird repellent, acaricide and molluscicide since the 1960s. It has contact and stomach action on mites and neurotoxic effects on molluscs. Seeds treated with methiocarb also affect birds. Other names for methiocarb are mesurol and mercaptodimethur.
Due to its toxicity, methiocarb approval as a plant protection product has been withdrawn by the EU effective 2020. | It (DMCC) is a reagent for transferring a dimethylcarbamoyl group to alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl groups forming dimethyl carbamates, usually having pharmacological or pesticidal activities. Because of its high toxicity and its carcinogenic properties shown in animal experiments and presumably also in humans, dimethylcarbamoyl chloride can only be used under stringent safety precautions. | 0 |
It is a macrolide antibiotic. It is synthesized from strains of Streptomyces antibioticus. It is weaker than erythromycin.
It used to be sold under the brand name Sigmamycine, combined with tetracycline, and made by the company Rosa-Phytopharma in France. | It is a member of quinolines. | 0 |
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