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It is a phosphagen that is unique to earthworms. Structurally, it is a phosphodiester of 2-guanidinoethanol and -serine (not the usual -serine), which is then further phosphorylated by lombricine kinase to phospholombricine. | It is the organic compound with the formula (CH)CO, generally abbreviated PhCO. It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is a widely used building block in organic chemistry, being the parent diarylketone. | 0 |
It is a cholesterol-like molecule found small amounts in humans. Sterol-C5-desaturase-like acts upon it. It is accumulated in lathosterolosis. | It is a tertiary amino compound and an aromatic amine. | 0 |
It is an alkaloid present in plants of the family Amaryllidaceae, including Iberian Narcissus species and two Nigerian Crinum species, reported to have acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The product has been made via total synthesis as well. | It is a natural product found in Paraphaeosphaeria minitans, Balansia epichloe, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a naturally produced triterpene lactone from the plant Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood). It constitutes one of the most bitter chemical agents responsible for absinthes distinct taste. The compound shows biological activity and has shown promise as an anti-inflammatory agent, and should not be confused with thujone, a neurotoxin also found in Artemisia absinthium'. | Palmityl palmitate is a palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of palmitic acid with palmityl alcohol. It is used as a thickener and emollient in cosmetics. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to a hexadecan-1-ol. | 0 |
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antimitotic, a metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid and a 3-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a 17beta-estradiol. | It is a natural chemical compound found in Agaricomycetes fungi in the orders Agaricales and Thelephorales. It can also be prepared by laboratory synthesis. Chemically, it is a polyphenol and a benzoquinone. | 0 |
It is a member of methylpyridines. | It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents. It has a role as a metabolite, an antiviral agent, an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a diol. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Ganoderma lucidum with data available. | It is a tannin. | 0 |
It is a member of tryptamines. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist, a vasoconstrictor agent and an anti-inflammatory drug. It is functionally related to a N,N-dimethyltryptamine. | It is a member of amphetamines. | 0 |
It is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. | It is a pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted at positions 1, 5 and 6 by ethoxymethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl groups, respectively. A non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, emivirine was an unsuccessful experimental agent for the treatment of HIV. It has a role as a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an antiviral drug. It is functionally related to a uracil. | 0 |
It is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an antibacterial agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and an olefinic compound. | It is a cycloalkane that is cyclohexane substituted by a single methyl group. It has a role as an aprotic solvent, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a cycloalkane and a volatile organic compound. It derives from a hydride of a cyclohexane. | 0 |
It is a quaternary ammonium ion. | It is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As a pharmaceutical drug, it is used for smoking cessation to relieve withdrawal symptoms. It acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist.
It constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. It is also present at ppb-concentrations in edible plants in the family Solanaceae, including potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants, though sources disagree on whether this has any biological significance to human consumers. It functions as an antiherbivore toxin; consequently, nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past, and neonicotinoids (structurally similar to nicotine), such as imidacloprid, are some of the most effective and widely used insecticides.
It is highly addictive. Slow-release forms (gums and patches, when used correctly) can be less addictive and help in quitting. Animal research suggests that monoamine oxidase inhibitors present in tobacco smoke may enhance nicotine's addictive properties. An average cigarette yields about 2 mg of absorbed nicotine.
The estimated lower dose limit for fatal outcomes is 500–1,000 mg of ingested nicotine for an adult (6.5–13 mg/kg). It addiction involves drug-reinforced behavior, compulsive use, and relapse following abstinence. It dependence involves tolerance, sensitization, physical dependence, psychological dependence, and can cause distress. It withdrawal symptoms include depressed mood, stress, anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances. Mild nicotine withdrawal symptoms are measurable in unrestricted smokers, who experience normal moods only as their blood nicotine levels peak, with each cigarette. On quitting, withdrawal symptoms worsen sharply, then gradually improve to a normal state.
It use as a tool for quitting smoking has a good safety history. Animal studies suggest that nicotine may adversely affect cognitive development in adolescence, but the relevance of these findings to human brain development is disputed. At low amounts, it has a mild analgesic effect. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "nicotine is not generally considered to be a carcinogen."
The Surgeon General of the United States indicates that evidence is inadequate to infer the presence or absence of a causal relationship between exposure to nicotine and risk for cancer. It has been shown to produce birth defects in humans and is considered a teratogen. The median lethal dose of nicotine in humans is unknown. High doses are known to cause nicotine poisoning, organ failure, and death through paralysis of respiratory muscles, though serious or fatal overdoses are rare. | 0 |
It is an alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group. | It is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene. | 0 |
It, also known more commonly as dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide (DHPA) and sold under the brand names Perlutal and Topasel among others, is a progestin medication which is used in combination with an estrogen as a form of long-lasting injectable birth control. It has also been used alone, but is no longer available as a standalone medication. DHPA is not active by mouth and is given once a month by injection into muscle.
Side effects of DHPA are similar to those of other progestins. DHPA is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has no other important hormonal activity.
DHPA was discovered in 1958 and was introduced for medical use in the 1960s. It was not introduced in the United States, but it is marketed widely throughout Latin America. It was also previously available alone in Italy and as a combined injectable contraceptive in Portugal and Spain, but has been discontinued in these countries. | It is a phosphorus oxide and an inorganic radical. | 0 |
It, sold under the brand names Bromidol and Impromen among others, is a typical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone group which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1966. An ester prodrug, bromperidol decanoate, is a long-acting form of bromperidol used as a depot injectable. | It is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease. It has a role as an antiprotozoal drug. It is a member of imidazoles, a C-nitro compound and a monocarboxylic acid amide. | 0 |
It is a carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of 3-chlorophenylcarbamic acid. It has a role as a herbicide and a plant growth retardant. It is a carbamate ester, a member of benzenes and a member of monochlorobenzenes. | It (NOMAC), sold under the brand names Lutenyl and Zoely among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders. It is available both alone and in combination with an estrogen. NOMAC is taken by mouth. A birth control implant for placement under the skin was also developed but ultimately was not marketed.
Side effects of NOMAC include menstrual irregularities, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, and others. NOMAC is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has some antiandrogenic activity and no other important hormonal activity.
Nomegestrol, a related compound, was patented in 1975, and NOMAC was described in 1983. NOMAC was first introduced for medical use, for the treatment of gynecological disorders and in menopausal hormone therapy, in Europe in 1986. It was subsequently approved in Europe in 2011 as a component of birth control pills. NOMAC is available widely throughout the world. It is not available in the United States or Canada. | 0 |
It is a trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. It has a role as a sedative. | It is a member of the class of ureas that is 1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide substituted by a propyl and a 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl group at the amino nitrogen atom. A fungicide active against a wide range of diseases affecting field crops, fruit, turf and vegetables. It has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, an EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor and an antifungal agrochemical. It is an aromatic ether, a trichlorobenzene, a member of ureas, a member of imidazoles, an amide fungicide, a conazole fungicide and an imidazole fungicide. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Perilla frutescens, and other organisms with data available. | It is a member of oleandomycins. It is functionally related to an oleandolide. It is a conjugate base of an oleandomycin(1+). | 0 |
It is a member of piperidines. | It is a natural product found in Artemisia diffusa, Artemisia herba-alba, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antimetabolite, an antiviral drug and a radiosensitizing agent. It is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside, an organofluorine compound and a nucleoside analogue. | It is an amino cyclitol glycoside that is isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis and exhibits antibiotic and fungicidal properties. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a protein synthesis inhibitor and an antifungal agrochemical. It is an amino cyclitol glycoside, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, a monosaccharide derivative, a carboxamidine and an antibiotic fungicide. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Paramyrothecium roridum, Antrodia cinnamomea, and other organisms with data available. | It is a carbopolycyclic compound. It has a role as an antidepressant. It derives from a hydride of a bisanthene. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Solanum tuberosum, Glycine max, and other organisms with data available. | It or benzyl amiloride is a potent blocker of the ENaC channel and also a sodium-calcium exchange blocker. It is a potent analog of amiloride, and is marketed as the hydrochloride salt (benzamil hydrochloride). As amiloride, benzamil has been studied as a possible treatment for cystic fibrosis, although with disappointing results. | 0 |
It is a dipeptide formed from glycine residues. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a glycine. It is a tautomer of a glycylglycine zwitterion. | It is a corticosteroid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a fluorinated steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, an acetate ester, a spiroketal and a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. | 0 |
It is a benzoylurea insecticide, a dichlorobenzene, a N-acylurea, an aromatic ether and an organofluorine compound. | It is a dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a pyrrolidinone and a dicarboximide. | 0 |
It is an isoquinolinol that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7. It is present in the dopamine-rich areas of the human brain, including the substantia nigra. It has a role as a human metabolite, an animal metabolite, a marine metabolite and an apoptosis inducer. It is a conjugate base of a norsalsolinol(1+). | It is a member of piperidines. | 0 |
It is a 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an anticholesteremic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a 3-hydroxy steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-stigmastane. | It is an organic compound with the formula CHO. It is a bicyclic monoterpenoid, which is a combination of two isoprene units with one hydroxyl group as a substituent. It exists as either trans- or cis-pinocarveol, referring to stereochemical orientation of the oxygen as compared to the methylene bridge. It is a naturally occurring molecule in numerous plant species including Eucalyptus globulus and Picea abies. It is found in a variety of essential oils. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. It has a role as an antidepressant, an antiemetic, an antipsychotic agent and a dopaminergic antagonist. It is a N-alkylpyrrolidine, a sulfonamide and a member of benzamides. | It is a naturally occurring compound found in common herbs and spices, such as nutmeg. It is an insecticide, and has been shown to enhance the effectiveness of other insecticides.
When ingested, myristicin may produce hallucinogenic effects, and can be converted to MMDMA in controlled chemical synthesis. It interacts with many enzymes and signaling pathways in the body, and may have dose-dependent cytotoxicity in living cells. It is listed in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank. | 0 |
It is an organic compound, an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH. The name may refer to any of 24894 theoretically possible structural isomers, or to a mixture thereof.
The unbranched isomer is normal or n-heptadecane, CH(CH)CH. In the IUPAC nomenclature, the name of this compound is simply heptadecane, since the other isomers are viewed and named as alkyl-substituted versions of smaller alkanes.
The most compact and branched isomer would be tetra-tert-butylmethane, but its existence is believed to be impossible due to steric hindrance. Indeed, it is believed to be the smallest "impossible" alkane. | It is a straight-chain alkane with 17 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oils from plants like Opuntia littoralis and Annona squamosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. | 1 |
It is a cephalosporin with ({1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-yl}sulfanyl)methyl and (2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. A third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, it is active against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a cephalosporin, a semisynthetic derivative and a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen. | It is an alkanethiol. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. | 0 |
It is a sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antiviral agent, an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a spiroketal, a hexacyclic triterpenoid and a sapogenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. | It is an isothiocyanate having a methyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is also the active nematicide of the pronematicide metam-sodium. It has a role as a fumigant, a nematicide and a lachrymator. | 0 |
It (; ) is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound similar to pyridine (). One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring. The other diazines are pyrazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 4 positions) and pyridazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 2 positions).
In nucleic acids, three types of nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U). | It is a pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. It has a role as an antiviral drug, an antimetabolite and a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is a pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside and an azide. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Dictyuchus monosporus, Asterias amurensis, and other organisms with data available. | It is a cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. It has a role as an oxytocic and a vasodilator agent. It is a peptide hormone and a heterodetic cyclic peptide. | 0 |
It is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor discovered and developed by Schering AG as a potential antidepressant drug in the early 1990s. It served as a prototype molecule for several companies' drug discovery and development efforts. It was discontinued after clinical trials showed that its therapeutic window was too narrow; it could not be dosed at high enough levels to be effective without causing significant gastrointestinal side effects.
It has several activities that make it a continuing focus for research. The etiology of many neurodegenerative diseases involves misfolded and clumped proteins which accumulate in the brain. Cells have a mechanism to dispose of such proteins called the proteasome. However, in Alzheimers disease and some other conditions the activity of these proteasomes is impaired leading to a buildup of toxic aggregates. Research in mice suggests that rolipram has the ability to ramp up the activity of proteasomes and reduce the burden of these aggregates. Preliminary evidence suggests that this can improve spatial memory in mice engineered to have aggregate build-up. It continues to be used in research as a well-characterized PDE4 inhibitor. It has been used in studies to understand whether PDE4 inhibition could be useful in autoimmune diseases, Alzheimers disease, cognitive enhancement, spinal cord injury, and respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD. | It is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound with the molecular formula . It contains a six-membered ring with two adjacent nitrogen atoms. It is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 208 °C. It is isomeric with two other diazine () rings, pyrimidine and pyrazine. | 0 |
It is a N-acyl-amino acid. | It (DBM) is an organic compound with the formula (CHC(O))CH. DBM is the name for a 1,3-diketone, but the compound exists primarily as one of two equivalent enol tautomers. DBM (actually its enol) is a white solid. Due to their high photostability and UV-absorbing properties, derivatives of DBM such as avobenzone, have found applications as sunscreen products. | 0 |
It is a monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position. It has a role as an expectorant, a disinfectant, a plant metabolite and an EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor. It is functionally related to a catechol. | It is a polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It has a role as a genotoxin. It is a mancude organic heterotricyclic parent, a polycyclic heteroarene and a member of acridines. | 0 |
It (ethacyzine) is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent, related to moracizine. It is used in Russia and some other CIS countries for the treatment of severe and/or refractory ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, especially those accompanied by organic heart disease. It is also indicated as a treatment of refractory tachycardia associated with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome.
It is manufactured under the brand name Ethacizin (Этацизин) by Latvian pharmaceutical company Olainfarm. | It is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH).
On February 22, 2014, NASA announced a greatly upgraded database for detecting and monitoring PAHs, including 2-methylnaphthalene, in the universe. According to NASA scientists, over 20% of the carbon in the universe may be associated with PAHs, possible starting materials for the formation of life. PAHs seem to have been formed shortly after the Big Bang, are abundant in the universe, and are associated with new stars and exoplanets.
Several enzymes biodegrade 2-methyhlnaphthalene in anaerobic conditions. | 0 |
It is a member of porphyrins and a tetrapyrrole fundamental parent. It has a role as a metabolite. | It is a cycloalkane that consists of five carbons each bonded with two hydrogens above and below the plane. The parent of the class of cyclopentanes. It has a role as a non-polar solvent. It is a member of cyclopentanes, a cycloalkane and a volatile organic compound. | 0 |
Sulfurothioic S-acid is a thiosulfuric acid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a hydroxidodioxidosulfidosulfate(1-). It is a tautomer of a sulfurothioic O-acid. | It is a monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug methylphenidate. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of piperidines. | 0 |
It is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid and an organic heteroheptacyclic compound. | It is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana and Streptomyces lavendulae with data available. | 0 |
It (; DHA), also known as glycerone, is a simple saccharide (a triose) with formula .
DHA is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin. | It is an organic compound with the chemical formula CHCH. It is a colourless, flammable liquid with a faint odor. It is a component of the naphthene fraction of petroleum. It usually is obtained as a mixture with cyclohexane. It is mainly converted in naphthene reformers to benzene. The C core of methylcyclopentane is not perfectly planar and can pucker to alleviate stress in its structure. | 0 |
It is a butanone. | It is a phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has a chloro subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. It has a role as a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug and a dopaminergic antagonist. It is a member of phenothiazines, a N-alkylpiperazine, an acetate ester and an organochlorine compound. | 0 |
It is a sulfonamide obtained by the formal condensation of perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid with ethylamine. It has a role as an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, an acaricide and an insecticide. It is functionally related to a perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid and an ethylamine. | It is a phthalic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of benzyl alcohol. It is a major metabolite of the plasticiser butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP). It has a role as a xenoestrogen and a xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to a benzyl alcohol. | 0 |
It (Serentil) is a phenothiazine class drug that is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is one of the active metabolites of thioridazine. The drug's name is derived from the methylsulfoxy and piperidine functional groups in its chemical structure.
It has central antiadrenergic, antidopaminergic, antiserotonergic and weak muscarinic anticholinergic effects.
Serious side effects include akathisia, tardive dyskinesia and the potentially fatal neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
It was withdrawn from the United States market in 2004 due to dangerous side effects, namely irregular heart beat and QT-prolongation of the electrocardiogram.
It currently appears to be unavailable worldwide. | It (INN) is a synthetic opioid analgesic related to methadone that was never marketed. In a clinical trial of postpartum patients it was reported to produce analgesia comparable to that of morphine but with less nausea, dizziness, and drowsiness. Other side effects included salivation, ataxia, and respiratory depression that was reversible by naloxone. Similarly to many of its analogues, noracymethadol is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States with an ACSCN of 9633 and 2013 annual manufacturing quota of 12 grammes. and is also controlled internationally under the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961. The salts known are the gluconate (free base conversion ratio 0.633) and hydrochloride (0.903).
It is an acetyl ester of methadol and it can be said with some precision that it is either the heroin or 6-monoacetylmorphine analogue of methadol, and being a methadol it exhibits optical isomerism. The other methadols (acetylmethadol, methadol &c) have at least four optical isomers (see Orlaam). | 0 |
It is a medication used to reduce pressure inside the eye and treat dry mouth. As an eye drop it is used to manage angle closure glaucoma until surgery can be performed, ocular hypertension, primary open angle glaucoma, and to constrict the pupil after dilation. However, due to its side effects it is no longer typically used for long-term management. Onset of effects with the drops is typically within an hour and lasts for up to a day. By mouth it is used for dry mouth as a result of Sjögren syndrome or radiation therapy.
Common side effects of the eye drops include irritation of the eye, increased tearing, headache, and blurry vision. Other side effects include allergic reactions and retinal detachment. Use is generally not recommended during pregnancy. It is in the miotics family of medication. It works by activating cholinergic receptors of the muscarinic type which cause the trabecular meshwork to open and the aqueous humor to drain from the eye.
It was isolated in 1874 by Hardy and Gerrard and has been used to treat glaucoma for more than 100 years. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. It was originally made from the South American plant Pilocarpus'. | It is a natural product found in Nicotiana tabacum with data available. | 0 |
It is a diarylmethane. | It is a bio-active isolate of Corydalis ambigua. It inhibits the maturing of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in mice. However, it is only cytotoxic in amounts of greater than 20 μM. | 0 |
It (INN) is an anticholinergic. It is used in the symptomatic treatment of visceral spasms. It is also used to relieve pain associated with various gastrointestinal disorders. The quaternary nitrogen prevents it from crossing the blood brain barrier, so it is peripherally acting with no central side effects.
The same compound sans the quaternary methyl group and the methoxy ether is called tipepidine. | It, sold under the brand name Xeloda among others, is a anticancer medication used to treat breast cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. For breast cancer it is often used together with docetaxel. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and rashes. Other severe side effects include blood clotting problems, allergic reactions, heart problems such as cardiomyopathy, and low blood cell counts. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus. It, inside the body, is converted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) through which it acts. It belongs to the class of medications known as fluoropyrimidines, which also includes 5-FU and tegafur.
It was patented in 1992 and approved for medical use in 1998. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. | 0 |
It is a member of phenothiazines. | It (or arsenious acid) is the inorganic compound with the formula HAsO. It is known to occur in aqueous solutions, but it has not been isolated as a pure material, although this fact does not detract from the significance of As(OH). | 0 |
It is a 1st generation H antagonist (antihistamine) and anticholinergic used as an antipruritic.. In the 2020s, at least, it is rarely used in the first line relief of allergies due to the anticholinergic side effect of somnolence but does have some limited use through topical application in the relief of insect bites and related itching (pruritus). | It is a phosphorus oxoacid. | 0 |
It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name 'taxol' is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark. It has a role as a microtubule-stabilising agent, a metabolite, a human metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a taxane diterpenoid. It is functionally related to a baccatin III. | It is a catecholate siderophore produced exclusively by Vibrio cholerae. It contains three molecules of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate linked either directly or through L-threonine residues to the polyamine norspermidine. It has a role as a siderophore. It is a member of 1,3-oxazoles and a secondary carboxamide. | 0 |
It (INN, BAN; or mecamylamine hydrochloride (USAN); brand names Inversine, Vecamyl) is a non-selective, non-competitive antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that was introduced in the 1950s as an antihypertensive drug. In the United States, it was voluntarily withdrawn from the market in 2009 but was brought to market in 2013 as Vecamyl and eventually was marketed by Turing Pharmaceuticals.
Chemically, mecamylamine is a secondary aliphatic amine, with a pK of 11.2 | It is a natural product found in Embelia schimperi, Ardisia paniculata, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is an organic heteromonocyclic compound whose six-membered ring contains four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom that lies opposite to each other; the parent compound of the morpholine family. It has a role as a NMR chemical shift reference compound. It is a saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent and a member of morpholines. It is a conjugate base of a morpholinium. | It is a saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a saturated fatty aldehyde, a n-alkanal and a medium-chain fatty aldehyde. It is functionally related to a nonanoic acid. | 0 |
It (anhydrous) is 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). It is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa. It has a role as an EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor, an antiparkinson drug and a dopaminergic agent. It is a member of hydrazines, a monocarboxylic acid and a member of catechols. | It is a member of indoles. | 0 |
It (INN) is an antispasmodic [also known as spasmolytics] drug, which acts by inhibiting calcium channels [much in the same way as traditional calcium channel blockers, which are used as antianginal drugs]. In the case of It, the relaxation occurs in abdominal / intestinal smooth muscles, while in case of antianginal drugs, the relaxation occurs in coronary vessels. Notably It does not act as an antianginal agent. | It is a member of phenothiazines. | 1 |
It is a disaccharide similar to maltose, but with a α-(1-6)-linkage instead of the α-(1-4)-linkage. Both of the sugars are dimers of glucose, which is a pyranose sugar. It is a reducing sugar. It is produced when high maltose syrup is treated with the enzyme transglucosidase (TG) and is one of the major components in the mixture isomaltooligosaccharide.
It is a product of the caramelization of glucose. | It is an antineoplastic drug used to treat skin growths caused by sun exposure. It is the meso form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid that is taken by mouth. The substance is being studied in the treatment of prostate cancer.
It is also called NDGA, and Actinex. | 0 |
It is a member of piperidines. | It is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera and Artemisia arborescens with data available. | 0 |
It is a member of quinolines. | It is an amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. It has a role as a human metabolite, an antioxidant, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a glycine receptor agonist, a nutrient and a radical scavenger. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-aminoethanesulfonate. It is a tautomer of a taurine zwitterion. | 0 |
It is an androstanoid that is 5alpha-androstane having a hydroxy substituent at the 3alpha-position and an oxo group at the 17-position. It is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone. It has a role as an androgen, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, an anticonvulsant, a pheromone, a human urinary metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 17-oxo steroid, an androstanoid and a C19-steroid. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-androstane. | It is a member of the class of rotenones that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted with geminal methyl groups at position 3, hydroxy group at position 7a and methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10 (the 7aR,13aR stereoisomer). It is isolated from the leaves and twigs of Antheroporum pierrei and exhibits antineoplastic and pesticidal activities. It has a role as a pesticide, an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an aromatic ether, a cyclic ketone and a member of rotenones. | 0 |
It is an organochlorine insecticide, an organochlorine acaricide, an organofluorine insecticide, an organofluorine acaricide, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a nitrile, a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes and an aromatic ether. It has a role as a pyrethroid ester insecticide, a pyrethroid ester acaricide and an agrochemical. It is functionally related to a valine. | It is a amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antimicrobial agent and a toxin. It is functionally related to a kanamycin B. It is a conjugate base of a tobramycin(5+). | 0 |
It is a terpene glycoside. | It is a nitrogen halide. | 0 |
It is a bis(tetrahydrofuranoid) fatty acid lactone that was first isolated in 1982 from the roots of the Annonaceae Uvaria acuminata. It was the first known example in a class of compounds known as acetogenins. Acetogenins, which are found in plants of the family Annonaceae, seem to kill cells by inhibiting NADH dehydrogenase in the mitochondrion. A method to synthesize uvaricin was first published in 1998, and an improved stereoselective synthesis published in 2001. | It is a natural product found in Rauvolfia, Rauvolfia serpentina, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a pentathiepane. | It is a steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone. It has a role as an EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a steroid sulfate and a 17-oxo steroid. It is functionally related to a dehydroepiandrosterone. It is a conjugate acid of a dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(1-). | 0 |
It (CHO) is a terpenoid. It can be produced from its isomer verbenone in a photochemical rearrangement reaction. | It is a natural product found in Prunus avium with data available. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Apis cerana and Euglena gracilis with data available. | It is a propanone consisting of acetone having an amino group at the 1-position. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a methyl ketone and a member of propanones. It is functionally related to an acetone. It is a conjugate base of an ammonioacetone. | 0 |
It (INN) is an α-adrenergic receptor antagonist. It was initially developed to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It has been approved in Japan in a topical form to treat glaucoma. The mechanism of action is a reduction of aqueous outflow through the uveoscleral pathway resulting in lowering the intraocular pressure. It also may act to improve blood flow to the ocular nerve. Systemic Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists have been implicated in Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS). It potentially could have the same effect but there has been no research to substantiate this as a risk for cataract surgery. | It is the simplest hydroxylamine, consisting of ammonia bearing a hydroxy substituent. It is an intermediate in the biological nitrification by microbes like bacteria. It has a role as a nitric oxide donor, an EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor, a nucleophilic reagent, an EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor, an EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor, a bacterial xenobiotic metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a hydroxyazanide and an aminooxidanide. It derives from a hydride of an ammonia. | 0 |
It is the organic compound with the formula HN(CHCOH), often abbreviated to IDA. A white solid, the compound is a dicarboxylic acid amine (the nitrogen atom forms a secondary amino group, not an imino group as the name suggests). The iminodiacetate dianion is a tridentate ligand, forming metal complexes by forming two, fused, five membered chelate rings. The proton on the nitrogen atom can be replaced by a carbon atom of a polymer to create an ion-exchange resin, such as chelex 100. Complexes of IDA and EDTA were introduced in the early 1950's by Schwarzenbach.
IDA forms stronger complexes than the bidentate ligand glycine and weaker complexes than the tetradentate ligand nitrilotriacetic acid. It can also act as a bidentate ligand through its two carboxylate groups. Several technetium-99m complexes are used in cholescintigraphy scans (also known as hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scans) to evaluate the health and function of the gallbladder.
It is an important intermediate in one of the two main industrial processes used to manufacture the herbicide glyphosate. It is used in capillary electrophoresis for modulating peptide mobility. It is also used as a precursor for the manufacture of the indicator xylenol orange. | It is a member of chlorins. It has a role as a photosensitizing agent. | 0 |
1-dodecene is an alkene that is dodecane containing one double bond at position 1. It is an intermediate used in the production of lubricants and surfactants. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mammalian metabolite. It is a dodecene and a volatile organic compound. | Dibunate is a naphthalenemonosulfonate obtained by the deprotonation of the sulfonic acid group of dibunic acid. It has a role as an antitussive. It is a conjugate base of a dibunic acid. | 0 |
It is a stilbenoid. | It is a heterocyclic compound and an organosulfur compound with the formula SCH. It is isomeric with the more symmetrical 2,5-dihydrothiophene. Both isomers of dihydrothiophene are colorless liquids with a thioether-like odor. In terms of their reactivity, both isomers exhibit characteristics of alkenes and thioethers, undergoing addition reactions at carbon and oxidation at sulfur. In contrast, thiophene engages in neither reaction. | 0 |
It is an inorganic chemical compound of tungsten and chlorine with the chemical formula . This dark violet blue compound exists as volatile crystals under standard conditions. It is an important starting reagent in the preparation of tungsten compounds. Other examples of charge-neutral hexachlorides are rhenium(VI) chloride and molybdenum(VI) chloride. The highly volatile tungsten hexafluoride is also known.
As a d atom, tungsten hexachloride is diamagnetic. | It is l-Phenylalaninamide substituted at the amide nitrogen by a 1-(dihydroxyboranyl)-3-methylbutyl group and at N(alpha) by a pyrazin-2-ylcarbonyl group. It is a dipeptidyl boronic acid that reversibly inhibits the 26S proteasome. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a proteasome inhibitor, a protease inhibitor and an antiprotozoal drug. It is an amino acid amide, a member of pyrazines and a L-phenylalanine derivative. It is functionally related to a boronic acid. | 0 |
Phosphonoformic acid is phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. It has a role as an antiviral drug, a sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor, a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is a one-carbon compound, a member of phosphonic acids and a carboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a phosphonic acid and a formic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a phosphonatoformate and a phosphonoformate(2-). | It, sold under the brand name Lopressor among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate. It is also used to prevent further heart problems after myocardial infarction and to prevent headaches in those with migraines. It is a selective β receptor blocker medication. It is taken by mouth or is given intravenously.
Common side effects include trouble sleeping, feeling tired, feeling faint, and abdominal discomfort. Large doses may cause serious toxicity. Risk in pregnancy has not been ruled out. It appears to be safe in breastfeeding. The metabolism of metoprolol can vary widely among patients, often as a result of hepatic impairment or CYP2D6 polymorphism.
It was first made in 1969, patented in 1970, and approved for medical use in 1978. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the sixth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 65million prescriptions. | 0 |
4-[(2,4-dimethoxy-3,6-dimethylphenyl)-oxomethoxy]-2-hydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid is a carbonyl compound. | It is an epoxide. | 0 |
It or rhodinal (CHO) is a monoterpenoid aldehyde, the main component in the mixture of terpenoid chemical compounds that give citronella oil its distinctive lemon scent.
It is a main isolate in distilled oils from the plants Cymbopogon (excepting C. citratus, culinary lemongrass), lemon-scented gum, and lemon-scented teatree. The (S)-(−)-enantiomer of citronellal makes up to 80% of the oil from kaffir lime leaves and is the compound responsible for its characteristic aroma.
It has insect repellent properties, and research shows high repellent effectiveness against mosquitoes. Another research shows that citronellal has strong antifungal qualities. | It is a member of resorcinols and a macrolide. | 0 |
It is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, a member of piperidines, an organofluorine compound and an aromatic ether. It is a conjugate base of a flecainide(1+). | It is a N-acylurea. | 0 |
It is a substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a beta-adrenergic agonist and a sympathomimetic agent. It is a member of ethanolamines, a primary arylamine, a secondary amino compound, an amino alcohol, a substituted aniline and a dichlorobenzene. It is a conjugate base of a clenbuterol(1+). | It is a 6-oxo steroid that is 5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 14, 22 and 25 respectively (the 2beta, 3beta, 22R stereoisomer). It is a steroid prohormone of the major insect moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. It has a role as a prohormone. It is a 2beta-hydroxy steroid, a 14alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid, a 25-hydroxy steroid, a 6-oxo steroid, a 3beta-sterol and an ecdysteroid. It derives from a hydride of a 5beta-cholestane. | 0 |
It is a secondary carboxamide. | It is a chloroindole that is 3-chloro-1H-indole substituted by a [(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfonyl]nitrilo group at position 7. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a potential anti-cancer agent currently in clinical development. It has a role as an EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a chloroindole, a sulfonamide and an organochlorine compound. | 0 |
It is a haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by fluorine. It has a role as an EC 4.2.1.3 (aconitate hydratase) inhibitor. It is an organofluorine compound and a haloacetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a fluoroacetate. | It is a organofluorine compound with the chemical formula . It is a colorless solid that is noted for its relatively high toxicity. The conjugate base, fluoroacetate occurs naturally in at least 40 plants in Australia, Brazil, and Africa. It is one of only five known organofluorine-containing natural products. | 1 |
It is a member of the class of condensed ureas that is the compound formed by the condensation of two molecules of urea; the parent compound of the biuret group of compounds. Used as a non-protein nitrogen source in ruminant feed. | It is an organotellurium compound in which the tellurium atom is covalently bonded to two methyl groups. A xenobiotic metabolite produced by certain strains of bacteria exposed to tellurium containing compounds. It has a role as a bacterial xenobiotic metabolite. | 0 |
(+)-artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. It has a role as an antimalarial and a plant metabolite. It is a sesquiterpene lactone and an organic peroxide. | It is the simplest member of the class of flavans that is chromane substituted by a phenyl group at position 2. | 0 |
It (Gewodin, Gewolen) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) of the pyrazolone series which is available over-the-counter in some countries such as Taiwan. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. It has been known to produce methamphetamine as an active metabolite, with 15–20% of an oral dose being converted to it. As a result, famprofazone has occasionally been implicated in causing positives on drug tests for amphetamines. | It is a monoterpenoid formally derived from beta-cyclocitral by dehydrogenation. It is functionally related to a beta-cyclocitral. | 0 |
It (INN, trade name Bredinin) is an immunosuppressive drug. The compound was first observed in Tokyo, Japan, in 1971. First isolated from the fungus Penicillium brefeldianum. It (MZB) is an imidazole nucleoside that has been used in renal transplantation, and in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, IgA nephropathy, lupus, as well as for adults with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis and other rheumatic diseases. MZB exerts its activity through selective inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and guanosine monophosphate synthetase, resulting in the complete inhibition of guanine nucleotide synthesis without incorporation into nucleotides. It arrests DNA synthesis in the S phase of cellular division. Thus, MZB has less toxicity than azathioprine, another immunosuppressant used for some of the same diseases. | It is a member of phenanthrenes. | 0 |
It, or propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is an ester formed by the condensation of gallic acid and propanol. Since 1948, this antioxidant has been added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation. As a food additive, it is used under the E number E310. | It is an aromatic organic compound composed of fused pyrimidine and pyrazine rings. Its also constitute a group of heterocyclic compounds containing a wide variety of substituents on this parent structure. Pterins and flavins are classes of substituted pteridines that have diverse biological roles. | 0 |
It is a fatty amide derived from valproic acid. It has a role as a metabolite, a teratogenic agent and a geroprotector. It is functionally related to a valproic acid. | It is an isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent and a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis with data available. | It is a member of benzimidazoles, a member of pyridines and a sulfoxide. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor and an anti-ulcer drug. | 0 |
It is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to a beta-amino acid. | It is a carboxylic ester. | 0 |
Glycyrrhetinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, an oxo group at position 11 and a carboxy group at position 30. It has a role as an immunomodulator and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a cyclic terpene ketone and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a glycyrrhetinate. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. | It is a primary amino compound obtained by formal decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a neurotransmitter. It is a monoamine molecular messenger, a primary amino compound and a member of tyramines. It is a conjugate base of a tyraminium. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Avena sativa, Homo sapiens, and other organisms with data available. | Leutinacin is a member of 6-aminopurines. | 0 |
It is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid. | It is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available. | 1 |
It is a centrally active opioid drug of the phenylpiperidine series that is used as a combination drug with atropine for the treatment of diarrhea. It is an opioid and acts by slowing intestinal contractions; the atropine is present to prevent drug abuse and overdose. It should not be given to children due to the risk that they will stop breathing and should not be used in people with Clostridium difficile infection. | It is a member of phenols and a benzoate ester. | 0 |
It is a member of calcium oxides. | It is an organic compound with the molecular formula CHO.
Its melting point is around 210 °C.
In laboratory coumalic acid may be obtained by self-condensation of malic acid in fuming sulfuric acid:
Note that this scheme is incorrect. 4 H2O and 2 CO (carbon monoxide, not carbon dioxide) are liberated during the condensation. | 0 |
It is a natural organic compound. It is a particular type of anthocyanidin (glycoside version called anthocyanins). It is a pigment found in many red berries including grapes, bilberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, chokeberry, cranberry, elderberry, hawthorn, loganberry, açai berry and raspberry. It can also be found in other fruits such as apples and plums, and in red cabbage and red onion. It has a characteristic reddish-purple color, though this can change with pH; solutions of the compound are red at pH < 3, violet at pH 7-8, and blue at pH > 11. In certain fruits, the highest concentrations of cyanidin are found in the seeds and skin. It has been found to be a potent sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) activator. | It is a nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a nitric oxide donor, an explosive, a prodrug, a tocolytic agent, a muscle relaxant and a xenobiotic. | 0 |
It, also known more commonly as dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide (DHPA) and sold under the brand names Perlutal and Topasel among others, is a progestin medication which is used in combination with an estrogen as a form of long-lasting injectable birth control. It has also been used alone, but is no longer available as a standalone medication. DHPA is not active by mouth and is given once a month by injection into muscle.
Side effects of DHPA are similar to those of other progestins. DHPA is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has no other important hormonal activity.
DHPA was discovered in 1958 and was introduced for medical use in the 1960s. It was not introduced in the United States, but it is marketed widely throughout Latin America. It was also previously available alone in Italy and as a combined injectable contraceptive in Portugal and Spain, but has been discontinued in these countries. | It is a cycloalkane that consists of fourteen carbons each bonded with two hydrogens. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. | 0 |
It is a naturally occurring chemical of the anthocyanin family.
It reacts in the presence of HO to form malvone. The ortho-benzoyloxyphenylacetic acid esters reaction product is dependant of the pH: it is obtained under acidic conditions whereas under neutral conditions, the reaction product is the 3-O-acyl-glucosyl-5-O-glucosyl-7-hydroxy coumarin. | It is a member of penicillanic acids. | 0 |
It (IUPAC name: prop-2-en-1-ol) is an organic compound with the structural formula . Like many alcohols, it is a water-soluble, colourless liquid. It is more toxic than typical small alcohols. It is used as a precursor to many specialized compounds such as flame-resistant materials, drying oils, and plasticizers. It is the smallest representative of the allylic alcohols. | 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile is a tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. It is a tertiary amino compound, an aromatic ether, a polyether and a nitrile. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Oudemansiella and Hymenopellis radicata with data available. | It (Luvatren, since discontinued) is a typical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone class which is marketed in Japan for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is an antagonist for the D (K 0.7–1.9 nM), D (K 0.1–1 nM), and 5-HT (K 52 nM) receptors. It also has a high binding affinity for the sigma receptors. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. It has a role as a hepatitis C protease inhibitor, an antimicrobial agent, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. | It is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by a propyl group. | 0 |
It is a member of phenazines. | It is a natural product found in Streptomyces antibioticus with data available. | 1 |
3α,5α-It (3α,5α-THB), or simply tetrahydrocorticosterone (THB or THCC), is an endogenous glucocorticoid hormone. | It is a natural product found in Peristeria elata, Elsholtzia ciliata, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is an aromatic ether that is phenol which is substituted at C-5 by a chloro group and at C-2 by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. It is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as soaps, skin creams, toothpaste and deodorants as well as in household items such as plastic chopping boards, sports equipment and shoes. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, a fungicide, an EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor, an antimalarial, an EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor, a xenobiotic, a persistent organic pollutant and a drug allergen. It is a member of phenols, an aromatic ether, a dichlorobenzene and a member of monochlorobenzenes. | It (sometimes abbreviated as TCS) is an antibacterial and antifungal agent present in some consumer products, including toothpaste, soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning treatments. It is similar in its uses and mechanism of action to triclocarban. Its efficacy as an antimicrobial agent, the risk of antimicrobial resistance, and its possible role in disrupted hormonal development remains controversial. Additional research seeks to understand its potential effects on organisms and environmental health.
It was developed in 1966. A 2006 study recommended showering with 2% triclosan as a regimen in surgical units to rid patients skin of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus' (MRSA). | 1 |
It is an amphetamine methylated on nitrogen and with the phenyl ring methoxylated at C-2. A beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist and a bronchodilator agent. | It is a natural product found in Vaccinium virgatum, Vaccinium ashei, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units. It has a role as an animal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a beta-alanine derivative and a dipeptide. It is a tautomer of an anserine zwitterion. | It (3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid) is a naturally occurring sulfur amino acid metabolite found in the mammalian brain and central nervous system (CNS). | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Daphne acutiloba, Stellera chamaejasme, and other organisms with data available. | It is an alkylbenzene. | 0 |
It is a phosphorus oxoacid and an acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride. It is a conjugate acid of a triphosphate(1-). | It is a cycloalkyne. | 0 |
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