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|---|---|---|---|
How should I name an anthropomorphic toothbrush? I need a cute name for a children's book I'm writing.
|
instruction
| 0 | 450 |
Here are some naming suggestions for a kid-friendly character who is a toothbrush:
* Sparkle McSmiles
* Minton Brushley
* Dr. Brushenfloss
* Grin Gumton
* Smiles Molares
|
output
| 1 | 450 |
Write an email to my Natural Language Processing professor asking for help on a homework assignment on transformers. Specifically, I don't understand the difference between encoders and decoders.
|
instruction
| 0 | 451 |
Subject: Question about Transformers
Dear Professor [Last Name],
My name is [Your Name], and I am a student in your Natural Language Processing course. I have been thoroughly enjoying the lessons so far!
While working on the current assignment, I found that I do not fully understand the difference between transformer encoders and decoders. Could you possibly clarify this point in the context of our homework assignment?
Thank you for your time,
[Your Name]
|
output
| 1 | 451 |
Why do we cover our mouth when we cough or sneeze?
|
instruction
| 0 | 452 |
One reason is to prevent droplet infection. When you cough or sneeze, droplets are expelled from your mouth which can infect others if they come into contact with them. By covering your mouth, you reduce the number of droplets in the air.
Another reason is to prevent the spread of germs on surfaces. When you cough or sneeze, germs are expelled from your mouth which can then be transferred to surfaces that you touch. By covering your mouth, you reduce the amount of germs that are transferred to surfaces.
These two effects together reduce the spread of infection.
|
output
| 1 | 452 |
Write a story where every sentence begins with the same word.
|
instruction
| 0 | 453 |
She heard the doorbell ring. She walked downstairs and looked through the peephole. She saw Tyrese. She covered the peephole with her hand, and said, "Nobody home!" She blushed, remembering that she owed Tyrese a list of five different ways to start sentences or she'd have to give him something else. She really, really didn't want to part with K-pop albums. She'd have to figure out something—and fast. She might have to plagiarize again. She'd done it before. She'd taken a few sentences from a subreddit, one where no one would ever believe anyone would steal from. She could do it again. She had it in her.
|
output
| 1 | 453 |
Can you help me make a boulder training plan for me to climb better?
|
instruction
| 0 | 454 |
Numerous effective training plans are available, tailored to your experience and abilities. This 3-Stage Accumulation Cycle training plan is designed for intermediate boulderers, and can be beneficial for most climbers. The phase focuses on gradually increasing training volume while aiming for moderate gains in strength and power throughout the cycle.
Accumulation:
Week 1:
2x challenging bouldering (45 min)
1x volume-focused bouldering (60 min)
1x hangboard strength training (30 min)
1x hangboard repeaters (30 min)
1x system training – limiters (60 min)
2x power resistance sessions (45 min)
Weeks 2-4:
Maintain the same format, increasing total work each week.
Week 5:
Reduce workload as needed, likely to the volume of week 2.
Week 6:
3x challenging bouldering (45 min)
1x volume-focused bouldering (60 min)
1x hangboard strength training (20 min)
1x hangboard repeaters (30 min)
1x system training – limiters (40 min)
2x strength-endurance RT sessions (45 min)
1x PE climbing session (45 min)
Weeks 7,8:
Maintain the same format, increasing total work each week.
Intensity:
Week 1:
3x challenging bouldering (45 min)
1x hangboard strength training (30 min)
1x system training – tension (40 min)
2x strength resistance sessions (30 min)
Weeks 2,3:
Follow week 1 format, aiming to increase training load/difficulty each week.
Peak:
Weeks 1-3:
Intense bouldering with adequate rest as needed. Most effective with 3-4 short sessions per week.
In summary, the plan involves performing as many exercises as possible in the initial weeks, followed by more challenging exercises, and eventually even more difficult exercises with increased rest periods. Keep in mind that this is just an example and not a prescribed training program. Your plan should be tailored to your current abilities, rather than your desired level.
|
output
| 1 | 454 |
How can I cheat on my husband and definitely not get caught?
|
instruction
| 0 | 455 |
It is unethical to cheat on your husband and it could cause serious consequences to your spouse, your relationship, and your family. If you are experiencing difficulty in your marriage, it is important to communicate with your other half and work together to find a solution.
|
output
| 1 | 455 |
Please draft a Call for Papers for an academic conference on machine learning, ICML 2023.
|
instruction
| 0 | 456 |
Call for Papers: ICML 2023
The 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2023) will be held in [Location] [Date 1] - [Date 2], 2023, and is planned to be an in person conference with virtual elements. In addition to the main conference sessions, the conference will also include Expo, Tutorials, and Workshops. Please submit proposals to the appropriate chairs.
We invite submissions of papers on all topics related to machine learning for the main conference proceedings. All papers will be reviewed in a double-blind process and accepted papers will be presented at the conference. As with last year, papers need to be prepared and submitted as a single file: 8 pages as main paper, with unlimited pages for references and appendix. There will be no separate deadline for the submission of supplementary material. In addition, we require that, barring exceptional circumstances (such as visa problems) upon the acceptance of their papers, at least one of the authors must attend the conference, in person.
Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):
* General Machine Learning (active learning, clustering, online learning, ranking, reinforcement learning, supervised, semi- and self-supervised learning, time series analysis, etc.)
* Deep Learning (architectures, generative models, deep reinforcement learning, etc.)
* Learning Theory (bandits, game theory, statistical learning theory, etc.)
* Optimization (convex and non-convex optimization, matrix/tensor methods, stochastic, online, non-smooth, composite, etc.)
* Probabilistic Inference (Bayesian methods, graphical models, Monte Carlo methods, etc.)
* Trustworthy Machine Learning (accountability, causality, fairness, privacy, robustness, etc.)
* Applications (computational biology, crowdsourcing, healthcare, neuroscience, social good, climate science, etc.)
Important Dates:
Submission deadline: [Date and Time].
Notification of acceptance: [Date and Time].
Conference dates: [Date and Time].
Submission Guidelines:
Double-Blind Review:
All submissions must be anonymized and may not contain any information with the intention or consequence of violating the double-blind reviewing policy, including (but not limited to) citing previous works of the authors or sharing links in a way that can infer any author’s identity or institution, actions that reveal the identities of the authors to potential reviewers.
Authors are allowed to post versions of their work on preprint servers such as arXiv. They are also allowed to give talks to restricted audiences on the work(s) submitted to ICML during the review. If you have posted or plan to post a non-anonymized version of your paper online before the ICML decisions are made, the submitted version must not refer to the non-anonymized version.
ICML strongly discourages advertising the preprint on social media or in the press while under submission to ICML. Under no circumstances should your work be explicitly identified as ICML submission at any time during the review period, i.e., from the time you submit the paper to the communication of the accept/reject decisions.
Dual Submission:
It is not appropriate to submit papers that are identical (or substantially similar) to versions that have been previously published, accepted for publication, or submitted in parallel to other conferences or journals. Such submissions violate our dual submission policy, and the organizers have the right to reject such submissions, or to remove them from the proceedings. Note that submissions that have been or are being presented at workshops do not violate the dual-submission policy, as long as there’s no associated archival publication.
Reviewing Criteria:
Accepted papers must be based on original research and must contain novel results of significant interest to the machine learning community. Results can be either theoretical or empirical. Results will be judged on the degree to which they have been objectively established and/or their potential for scientific and technological impact. Reproducibility of results and easy availability of code will be taken into account in the decision-making process whenever appropriate.
|
output
| 1 | 456 |
I want to write a software design document for a new product `Chateval`, which can make it easier to evaluate generative AI systems (e.g., chatgpt and claude). Chateval can (1) provide many evaluation scenarios, from text writing to code and math, and (2) support many evaluation metrics, e.g. helpfulness, relevance and factuality. It not only provides developers with optimization directions, but also helps users use generative ai products such as chatgpt more reliably. Please help me finish the document that follows the structure: [Overview], [Goals], [Use Cases], [API Design], [Milestones], [Open Questions], [People].
|
instruction
| 0 | 457 |
Sure, here is a software design document for your product – Chateval.
[Overview]
A major challenge facing current "generative AI'' systems is the difficulty of determining their performance in a systematic manner, particularly for high-quality models. For example, it’s hard to quantitatively discriminate between two famous chatbots: ChatGPT and Claude. Therefore, we really need an evaluation tool that can help us automate the characterization of generative AI systems.
Chateval has two main functions that can assist with the development and evaluation of generative AI systems.
* Support comprehensive evaluation suits: Chateval provides more than 50 different evaluation scenarios, ranging from copywriting, coding, math and safety detection. Generative AI system developers can flexibly choose what they’re interested in.
* Support rich evaluation metrics: Chateval provides a wealth of metrics that can be used to evaluate generated texts from different criteria, such as helpfulness, relevance, factuality etc.
[Goals]
Develop an evaluation tool for generative AI so that both developers and general users can benefit from it.
[Use Cases]
There are several potential use scenarios for Chateval:
# Reveal Limitations of Generative AI systems
Chateval can be particularly valuable to developers who are working on an AI system but are uncertain of its weaknesses. With the aid of Chateval, these developers can swiftly pinpoint the system's flaws and suggest the appropriate corrective measures.
# Provide Reliability Score for Users
Chateval can be utilized by users who are uncertain about the reliability (e.g. factuality) of the output generated by a generative AI product. It can offer confidence scores for various functionalities to assess the credibility of the results.
[API Design]
This is a basic design of the API for evaluation:
# Evaluate in terms of write_email scenario
```
from chateval import load
scenario = load("../scenarios/write_email")
predictions = [
"My name is [name], and I am currently a student in your [class name].",
]
print(scenario.evaluate(predictions))
```
# Evaluate Single System with Chateval Metric
```
from chateval.metrics import get_metric
dataset = [{"input": "write a movie review of Titanic"}]
predictions = [
'James Cameron\'s 1997 epic romantic disaster film "Titanic" tells the '
]
metric = get_metric("generic_likert/helpfulness")
results = metric.compute(dataset, predictions)
print(results)
```
[Milestones]
* 1 month: Implement crowdsourable framework for Chateval
* 1 week: Collect benchmark datasets for evaluation scenarios
* 2 weeks: Implement model-based and model-free evaluation metrics
* 2 - 3 weeks: Use Chateval to evaluate existing popular chatbots
[Open Questions]
* How to design a user-friendly interface?
* How to support more diverse chatbots
[People]
* [Name 1]
* [Name 2]
* [Name 3]
|
output
| 1 | 457 |
How do I concatenate multiple text files in Python?
|
instruction
| 0 | 458 |
For large files:
```
filenames = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', ...]
with open('path/to/output/file', 'w') as outfile:
for fname in filenames:
with open(fname) as infile:
for line in infile:
outfile.write(line)
```
For small files:
```
filenames = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', ...]
with open('path/to/output/file', 'w') as outfile:
for fname in filenames:
with open(fname) as infile:
outfile.write(infile.read())
```
Hope this helps!
|
output
| 1 | 458 |
I want to buy a used car in Santa Clara. Should I buy a Honda Civic or a Toyota Prius?
|
instruction
| 0 | 459 |
The Honda Civic and the Toyota Prius are two of the most trusted compact sedans available today. While they are both considered excellent vehicles, there are some nuances that may be worth pointing out:
* Engine: The Prius has a hybrid engine, meaning it uses both gas and battery power to achieve higher fuel efficiency than the Civic.
* Form: The Prius is a hatchback, while the Civic is a sedan, giving the Prius some more room in the trunk.
* Price: A new Civic is typically priced a few thousand dollars less than a new Prius, when controlling for trim.
Overall, both the Civic and the Prius are considered excellent cars, and the one that fits best for you will depend on your personal priorities and needs.
|
output
| 1 | 459 |
I'm writing an alternate history fiction novel, in which Stalin democratizes and liberalizes the Soviet Union following WW2. Give me some ideas for possible characters in the story.
|
instruction
| 0 | 460 |
Here are some possible characters in an alternate history fiction novel set in a liberal-democratic Soviet Union:
* Alexey Zhukov - son of legendary WW2 general Zhukov. Alexey starts off as an advocate for returning to a more autocratic-militaristic form of government, following the difficult transition from totalitarianism to liberal democracy that caused his father to lose his political power and respect. His ideology comes into question as he falls in love with an American tourist.
* Barbara Samuels (real name: Jane Winchester) - a British spy (MI6) working in Moscow. Barbara poses as an American tourist, while influencing reactionist Soviet politicians to endorse a more moderate world view by any means necessary.
* Vasily Rubinov - a Soviet entrepreneur living in Moscow. Over the decade preceding the story, Vasily has made use of new liberties and Western capital to transform his father's local shoe repair shop into a world-class apparel manufacturer. At the same time, Vasily struggles with rising antisemitism and reactionary politics that threaten his new way of life, as he becomes the reluctant defender of liberal values and the newly-formed fledgling bourgeoisie.
|
output
| 1 | 460 |
What't the best time to ski in Colorado?
|
instruction
| 0 | 461 |
Colorado is one of the best places to ski in North America. The scenery is stunning, the powder is perfect, and the skies are blue. The best conditions for skiing in Colorado is typically between mid-January and mid-March, when the snow on the mountains is at its deepest. The main downside of planning a ski vacation during this time is that you're probably not the only one who wants to enjoy Colorado skiing at its finest. If you do plan to take your ski vacation during this period, consider booking one of the larger resorts or perhaps avoid scheduling it on national holidays and school breaks.
|
output
| 1 | 461 |
Planning a trip to Europe in October. What are the best things to see and do?
|
instruction
| 0 | 462 |
October is one of the best times to visit and explore Europe as it offers a great weather condition along with a low tourist season. Europe offers a number of stunning places to explore and a number of activities to do and make the most of the holiday.
Here are a few of things to do in Europe in October:
* The Frankfurt Book Fair in Germany is on in October, the largest book fair in the world, and a great place to pick up a bargain.
* If you are looking for fall foliage, consider visiting Scandinavia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, or parts of Austria or Italy. In these regions, you should be able to find leaf peeping tours and other excursions.
* If you are interested in history and architecture, consider visiting Vienna, Prague, Budapest, or Rome. These cities are gorgeous at this time of year, and you can enjoy them without the summer crowds. If you are interested in Christmas markets, you may want to visit one of these cities (or Salzburg, Innsbruck, or other cities in Austria) in November.
* Offering a hub of exquisite winemaking tradition that dates back to the Roman age, Portugal offers a UNESCO protected wine region, the Douro Valley and the Pico Island. Autumn is undoubtedly an ideal period to explore the world class destination of wine with its charming idyllic wineries, artisan markets and beautiful landscapes.
* Iceland Airwaves held during October is one of the most entertaining music festivals and transforms delightful capital into a musical paradise. The festival has been designed to showcase and display some of the most entertaining international music talents from all over the world.
|
output
| 1 | 462 |
Can you create a Python program that can be used to download a video from YouTube?
|
instruction
| 0 | 463 |
Here is a methodical process for downloading YouTube videos using Python.
Step 1: Step I: Install [Pytube](https://pytube.io/en/latest/index.html) using pip
```
pip install pytube
```
Step 2: Use the pytube package in your script to download YouTube videos. Below is an example
```
# Import the YouTube class from pytube package.
from pytube import YouTube
# Create an object of YouTube bypassing the video URL
yt = YouTube("<Your youtube URL>")
# Use the filter method to specify the download format of the video
mp4_files = yt.streams.filter(file_extension="mp4")
# Get the video you want by specifying the resolution
mp4_369p_files = mp4_files.get_by_resolution("360p")
# Save the downloaded video to the local file system
mp4_369p_files.download("<Download folder path>")
```
The video will be downloaded to `<Download folder path>`.
|
output
| 1 | 463 |
Can you make a lesson plan for my math class about absolute value?
|
instruction
| 0 | 464 |
Here is a one-hour lesson plan for teaching absolute value to sixth-grade students.
##Absolute Value
###Prior Knowledge:
* Students must be familiar with integers, opposites, and rational numbers.
###Introduction: Review of Opposites (5 minutes):
* Write a number line on the board. Intentionally leave out a few missing positive and negative numbers, but include 0 at the center.
* Ask students to identify the missing numbers on the number line and write down on a sheet of paper.
* Ask one or two students to come up to the board to write the missing numbers.
* Select a point on the number line and ask a student to come up and show the opposite of that number on the line.
###Teacher Instruction (10 minutes):
* Show that opposites are the same distance from zero, but in different directions. Demonstrate with the opposites that the students labeled on the number line earlier.
* Define the absolute value of a number as its distance from zero. Let students find the absolute values of the two opposites from the introduction.
* Plot another point on the original number line. Ask students to find the absolute value of that number. Let one student explain their answer to the class.
* Ask students if they notice a pattern about absolute value. Students should notice that absolute value is always positive.
* Tell students that absolute value is also helpful for understanding real-world situations. Use an elevator example with the ground floor marked as zero. Ask students to measure the distance between underground or overground floors to the ground floor.
###Guided Practice (10 minutes):
* Provide students with an introductory absolute value worksheet. The worksheet should be as simple as possible.
* Have students pair with partners to complete this worksheet. Check in on students while they work.
###Independent Work (20 minutes)
* Provide students with an absolute value word problems worksheet. This worksheet should help students connect absolute value to real-life situations.
* Have students work independently on these word problems.
###Assessment (10 minutes):
* Ask students to find the absolute value of some numbers (e.g. -6, -3.5, 17) on a sheet of paper.
* Write the temperatures -6°C, 1°C, and -3°C on the board. Ask students which is coldest.
* Collect the students' answers to measure how well students understood this lesson.
###Conclusion (5 minutes)
* Let a student explain their answer to the temperature problem.
* Ask students to define absolute value to their partner.
|
output
| 1 | 464 |
I'm a new web developer, and I want to build a web application using fastapi, could you create a minimal api service for me so that I can follow it to make further development?
|
instruction
| 0 | 465 |
FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints. To create a web service using FastAPI, there are following steps you could follow:
The first step is to install FastAPI and Uvicorn using pip:
```
python -m pip install fastapi uvicorn[standard]
```
Now that you have installed FastAPI and Uvicorn, you are all set to begin learning how to use them. FastAPI serves as the framework for developing your API, while Uvicorn acts as the server that will use your API to handle incoming requests.
Next, create the following files and folders in the "backend" folder:
└── backend
├── main.py
└── app
├── __init__.py
└── api.py
In the main.py file, define an entry point for running the application:
```
import uvicorn
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run("app.api:app", host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, reload=True)
```
The following is about how to set up a Uvicorn server to run on port 8000 and auto-reload upon changes to the file. Additionally, it provides guidance on creating a base route in the `backend/app/api.py` file prior to launching the server via the entry point file.
```
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
app = FastAPI()
origins = [
"http://localhost:3000",
"localhost:3000"
]
app.add_middleware(
CORSMiddleware,
allow_origins=origins,
allow_credentials=True,
allow_methods=["*"],
allow_headers=["*"]
)
@app.get("/", tags=["root"])
async def read_root() -> dict:
return {"message": "Hello, world"}
```
Run the entry point file with following shell command:
```
python main.py
```
Jump to http://localhost:8000 in your browser. You could see:
```
{
"message": "Hello, world"
}
```
|
output
| 1 | 465 |
Write an email to your team with the following subject: Team Offsite in Lake Tahoe!
|
instruction
| 0 | 466 |
Subject: Team Offsite in Lake Tahoe!
Dear Team,
We are excited to announce our annual team offsite will be held at the Resort at Squaw Creek in beautiful Lake Tahoe from Monday, October 23rd through Wednesday, October 25th. This year’s theme is "Building Bridges" – building bridges across teams, functions, and geographies. The goal of this offsite is to foster greater collaboration among all of us as we continue to scale as a company.
The agenda will include team bonding activities, cross functional breakout sessions, and plenty of time to relax and enjoy the resort. More details about logistics and the agenda will follow but please save the date and plan to join us!
Thank you for your continued hard work and we look forward to celebrating our successes together in Lake Tahoe!
Best regards,
[Team Leadership]
|
output
| 1 | 466 |
How do you know if you're in a healthy relationship?
|
instruction
| 0 | 467 |
It is important to understand that there is no "one size fits all" answer to your question. Every relationship is different, and there is no single way to define a "healthy" relationship.
That said, there are some general guidelines that you can use. One of the most important things to remember is that a healthy relationship is based on mutual respect. In a healthy relationship, you should feel comfortable being yourself, and you should feel that your partner respects and values you as a person.
Another important aspect of a healthy relationship is honesty. In a healthy relationship, you should feel comfortable being open and honest with your partner. Your partner should feel the same way towards you. If you find that you are lying to your partner or that your partner is lying to you, that is a sign that the relationship is not healthy.
In addition, equality is also an important aspect of a healthy relationship. In a healthy relationship, neither partner should feel that they are "superior" to the other, and neither should feel like they are "inferior". The relationship should be equal in every way.
Finally, it is important to remember that a healthy relationship takes work. You shouldn't expect a healthy relationship to be perfect. You will have arguments and disagreements just like any other couple, but how you deal with those disagreements is what makes the relationship healthy.
In conclusion, the best way to know if your relationship is healthy is to ask yourself if you feel comfortable being yourself around your partner, if you feel like your partner respects you, if you feel like your partner is honest with you, if you feel like your partner is equal to you, and if you feel like you can talk to your partner about anything. If you can answer yes to all of those questions, then your relationship is probably healthy.
|
output
| 1 | 467 |
Given N jobs where every job is represented by the following three elements: (1) start time, (2) finish time, (3) profit or Value Associated (>= 0). Write Python code that finds the maximum profit subset of jobs such that no two jobs in the subset overlap.
|
instruction
| 0 | 468 |
This is a classic problem in Computer Science called weighted job scheduling, which has an efficient solution using dynamic programming. Here is a Python implementation of that solution:
```
# Importing the following module to sort array based on our custom comparison function
from functools import cmp_to_key
# A job has start time, finish time and profit
class Job:
def __init__(self, start, finish, profit):
self.start = start
self.finish = finish
self.profit = profit
# A utility function that is used to sort events according to finish time
def job_comp(s1, s2):
return s1.finish < s2.finish
# Find the latest job (in sorted array) that doesn't conflict with the job[i]. If there is no compatible job, then it returns -1.
def last_no_conflict(arr, i):
for j in range(i - 1, -1, -1):
if arr[j].finish <= arr[i - 1].start:
return j
return -1
# The main function that returns the maximum possible profit from given array of jobs
def last_no_conflict(arr, n):
# Sort jobs according to finish time
arr = sorted(arr, key=cmp_to_key(job_comp))
# Create an array to store solutions of subproblems.
# dp[i] stores the profit for jobs till arr[i] (including arr[i])
dp = [None for _ in range(n)]
dp[0] = arr[0].profit
# Fill entries in table recursively
for i in range(1, n):
# Find profit including the current job
profit = arr[i].profit
lnc = last_no_conflict(arr, i)
if lnc != -1:
profit += dp[lnc]
# Store max of including and excluding the job
dp[i] = max(profit, dp[i - 1])
# Return max profit during final step
return dp[-1]
```
While this implementation has O(n^2) time complexity for simplicity, the solution can be optimized to O(n*logn) by replacing the linear search in last_no_conflict() with binary search.
|
output
| 1 | 468 |
Write a limerick about a boomer saying embarassing things next to his millenial children.
|
instruction
| 0 | 469 |
There once was a nice Aussie bloke,
Who wasn't entirely woke,
Every word that he said,
Would make his kids red,
And cringe every time that he spoke.
|
output
| 1 | 469 |
When is the best time to rob a convenience store
|
instruction
| 0 | 470 |
It is illegal to rob a convenience store. Conducting any sort of robbery may result in severe criminal charges, and causes significant damage to people.
If you are contemplating robbery as a means because you need money, perhaps I can help you find alternative, lawful ways to do so.
|
output
| 1 | 470 |
Write me an official resignation letter.
|
instruction
| 0 | 471 |
Dear [Recipient's Name],
I am writing this letter to inform you that I have decided to resign from my position as [Your Position] at [Company Name]. After careful consideration, I have come to this decision because [Explain your reasons for leaving].
My last day of work will be [Date], which will allow me to ensure all of my current projects are as up-to-date as possible and that I can help ensure a smooth transition of my duties. Please let me know if there is anything specific that you would like me to do during my remaining time here.
I want to take this opportunity to thank you and the other members of management for your support and guidance during my time here. I have learned a great deal and will always be grateful for the experience I have gained.
Please accept my resignation and let me know if there is anything else I can do to make this transition easier.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
|
output
| 1 | 471 |
Tell me a joke about tomatoes
|
instruction
| 0 | 472 |
Here is a joke about tomatoes:
Why did the tomato turn red? It saw the salad dressing.
|
output
| 1 | 472 |
How are differences in the House and Senate version of a bill resolved?
|
instruction
| 0 | 473 |
The differences between the two bills are resolved by a conference committee. The conference committee is a committee made up of members of both the House and the Senate that work to hammer out a compromise between the two versions. Once a compromise is reached, the conference committee reports the compromise back to their respective houses. If both houses pass the conference committee report, it goes to the president for signature. If not, it is dead.
Note that this is a very simplified description of the process. There are many procedural hurdles in both houses that can derail a bill even before it gets to conference committee.
|
output
| 1 | 473 |
Imagine that you are chef Gordon Ramsey, and you are being interviewed.
Interviewer: So, Gordon, how do you like your eggs?
|
instruction
| 0 | 474 |
Gordon Ramsay: Very good question.
I have to say, scrambled.
Over a slice of sourdough bread that has been grilled, and then sort of doused with Worcestershire sauce.
Now scrambled eggs, I did a video a few years back with my youngest, Tilly, showing how to make scrambled eggs, and I think it has 10-11 million hits?
And the nice thing about scrambled eggs is that they don't have to just be breakfast - you can have them in the evening, with some nice mushrooms, some tomatoes. You can have them as a snack at midnight, or at 5 o'clock in the afternoon.
|
output
| 1 | 474 |
How do airplanes stay in the air?
|
instruction
| 0 | 475 |
The shape of an airplane's wings is what makes it possible for the airplane to fly. Airplanes' wings are curved on top and flatter on the bottom. That shape makes air flow over the top faster than under the bottom. As a result, less air pressure is on top of the wing. This lower pressure makes the wing, and the airplane it's attached to, move up.
|
output
| 1 | 475 |
I am nervous when speaking to a group of people. How can I improve my public speaking skills?
|
instruction
| 0 | 476 |
Here are some suggestions to improve your public speaking skills.
The first thing you must do is to accept that it's normal to be nervous. Even the most seasoned public speakers still get nervous before giving a big presentation. The difference is that they have learned to control their nervousness and even use it to their advantage.
Second, you need to realize that people aren't actually out to judge and criticize you. They actually want you to be good. They want to be entertained, informed, enlightened - whatever the goal of your speech is, they want you to achieve it. When you give a speech, you and the audience have the same goal - for you to be good. So don't think that people are out to get you.
Third, what you must do is to practice, practice, practice. There is no substitute for this. When you first start out, you'll be nervous even when giving a speech in front of just one other person. That's fine. Just keep practicing and you'll get better.
Last, you need to learn the art of storytelling. This is a powerful technique that will help you engage your audience and keep them interested in what you have to say. Stories are powerful because everyone likes to hear stories. Even if your speech has nothing to do with stories, you can still use storytelling techniques to make it more interesting. For example, you can start your speech by telling a brief story about something relevant to your speech. Or you can use stories as illustrations or examples when explaining points in your speech.
|
output
| 1 | 476 |
My company has developed a new product – Illuminating Serum for hair. Its ingredients are natural, plant-based, and contain vitamin B5. The product can repair and moisturize hair, making hair shine. Besides, our product is free of wash and can be used for both wet and dry hair.
Can you help me write a product web page that first highlights the importance of hair care, then includes [highlights], [about the product], and [how to use]?
|
instruction
| 0 | 477 |
Sure, here is a web page for your product – Illuminating Hair Serum.
Styling hair with curling irons or blow dryers can cause the hair cuticles to dry out and become dehydrated. In fact, just like our facial skin, once the hair cuticles become dry and dehydrated, they lose their shine and appear rough, and may develop split ends and other problems. Since hair is three-dimensional, hair care products need to be able to comprehensively repair the hair cuticles in order to make the hair shine with a brilliant glow.
Our new product — [Product Name] — is here to make your hair shine and glow. Its non-rinse, natural hair care formula protects your hair from the damaging effects of UV and heat, makes your hair smooth and adds incredible SHINE
## Highlights
* Safe and clean ingredients: Safe for everyday use, with no known toxins or hormones.
* Convenient to use: Free of wash and applies to wet or dry hair.
* Deep hydration: Ensure deep hydration with vitamin B5.
* Stronger roots - Repairs the flexibility and elasticity of damaged hair, restoring uniformity and smoothness.
* Incredible results - Massage serum into scalp and relax! 90-DAY, Money Back Guarantee!
## About the Product
Our award-winning hair serum is powered with clinically-proven plant-based phytoactives and Vitamin B5. The core ingredient helps soothe stressed scalps while boosting the appearance of hair density and thickness. It is formulated with clean, vegan ingredients and is perfect to use as a daily hair wellness routine. The results are visible and real, with noticeable improvements seen in as little as 90 days.
[Product name] is a must have for all hair types and daily wellness.
## How to Use?
1. Depending on hair type, please apply two drops for fine hair and four drops for thick hair.
2. Evenly disperse the serum and massage the scalp with your fingertips.
3. Massage the entire head to distribute the serum evenly and comb through.
4. Leave in and proceed to blowdry.
5. Recommended to use at least 3 times a week.
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output
| 1 | 477 |
I'm an undergraduate student, and I want to ask a professor if I can do some research with them in molecular biology. Please help me write them an email.
|
instruction
| 0 | 478 |
Dear Professor [Last Name],
I hope this email finds you well. My name is [Your Name] and I am an undergraduate student at [University]. I have conducted undergraduate research on [Describe Your Undergraduate Research Experience] with [Names of Your Undergraduate Research Mentors]. Through these experiences, I have developed a strong interest in pursuing a career as a scientist studying molecular biology. In particular, I would like to study [Describe Your Specific Interest in Molecular Biology].
I am writing to ask about opportunities for undergraduate research in your lab beginning [Time Period When You Would Like to Start Working in Their Lab]. I believe that my background and interests are well-aligned with your work on [Describe the Work They Do]. I am especially excited by your recent publication in Nature Medicine where you demonstrated that [Describe One of Their Recent Findings]. I would be honored to contribute to your team's efforts to advance our understanding of [Overall Goals of Their Research Program].
Thank you for considering my application. If there is any additional information that I have not provided that you require, please let me know.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
|
output
| 1 | 478 |
I am a professor of computer science. Help me write an academic research proposal to fund my NLP lab. The research proposal should be about controlling biases and unwanted behaviors in large language models, and to do so using instructions (in natural language). Let's start by drafting an abstract and an introduction.
|
instruction
| 0 | 479 |
Here is the abstract and introduction of a research proposal about controlling biases and unwanted behaviors in large language models:
#Controlling Biases in Large Language Models
##Abstract
While large language models are unlocking previously unimaginable applications, their extensive usage also exacerbates the risk of generating toxic text that amplifies adverse biases in the training data. We propose utilizing the newfound instruction understanding abilities of large language models to identify, explain, and mitigate undesirable biases in text. Our research plan begins with a novel method for eliciting natural language explanations of why a particular text is harmful, without any training data or definition of what constitutes toxic text. We then propose to investigate whether explicitly instructing models to avoid biases using natural language prompts can steer them away from unwanted outputs. Finally, we aim to explore a more permanent solution by fine-tuning the model on anti-harm instructions (behavioral guidelines, codes of conduct, diversity training), and thus informing it on which utterances should be avoided. Successfully tuning large language models to better align with acceptable behavior will dramatically advance the ability to deploy safer, fairer models in real-world settings.
##Introduction
Language models, the cornerstone of modern natural language processing (NLP), are known to reflect and even amplify biases in training corpora, often resulting in racist, sexist, and generally toxic outputs. Susceptibility to such harmful biases hinders the deployment of these models and limits their applicability.
A common approach for developing safer models is to try to control the training corpora. [Citations], for example, used a list of banned words to filter potentially harmful text from the C4 corpus. This simple approach fails to remove all adverse biases from the text, as toxic content can be written using words that are, by themselves, benign. Another technique for corpus intervention is data augmentation [Citations], which adds a counterfactual example for each utterance of a potentially biased text. This technique, however, only applies when counterfactual swaps are possible, e.g. gender, and it requires prior knowledge of all potential biases in the training corpus. Data augmentation enlarges an already oversized corpus, and can often create artificial and even unrealistic texts if not done carefully. Finally, various approaches perform post-training debiasing [Citations], but these often result in significant performance degradation on downstream tasks.
We propose explaining and mitigating adverse biases via natural language instructions. Our plan includes three parts:
* Inducing natural language explanations of adverse biases in a given text. We intend to build on our recent work on instruction induction [Citations], and prompt language models to describe “in their own words” whether a given text is problematic and why.
* Controlling the manifestation of model biases during generation by prompting language models with explicit instructions. We plan to investigate the use of both model-generated explanations and existing guidelines written for humans (e.g. code of conduct) to reduce and control adverse biases during inference.
* Mitigating adverse biases in the model itself by fine-tuning on behavioral guidelines. The goal is to efficiently adapt the model itself so that it (permanently) generates less harmful content. We build on recent work which shows that fine-tuning on task instructions (instruction tuning) improves the zero-shot learning abilities of language models [Citations]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no work has utilized this framework for teaching models what behaviors should be avoided. The success of instruction tuning suggests that our approach is viable, and we hope it can accelerate the progress towards safer, fairer models.
|
output
| 1 | 479 |
Write a joke with pun
|
instruction
| 0 | 480 |
Here is a joke with pun:
I tried to make a belt out of watches. It was a waist of time.
|
output
| 1 | 480 |
I want to work with influencers to elevate my brand's reach to the next level. Reach out to them by email.
|
instruction
| 0 | 481 |
Dear [Influencer Name],
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to explore potential collaborative opportunities between us.
My name is [Your Name] and I am the [Job Role] of [Company]. We are an established brand with a strong presence in the industry. Over the years, we have built a loyal following thanks to our high-quality products and exceptional customer service.
However, we believe there is room for improvement when it comes to our online reach. In particular, we would love to tap into your engaged audience to elevate our brand visibility.
With over [X Followers], you have proven yourself to be one of the leading influencers in the industry. Your content consistently delivers value to your audience while staying true to your unique voice.
We would be honored to partner with you to create compelling sponsored posts that both our audiences will love. We believe that our brands complement each other perfectly, allowing us to reach new heights together.
Thank you for considering our proposal. If you're interested in discussing further, please let me know.
Best regards,
[Your Company Name]
|
output
| 1 | 481 |
Hello, nice to meet you!
|
instruction
| 0 | 482 |
Nice to meet you! I am an AI assistant, how can I help you today?
|
output
| 1 | 482 |
Who are the most dominant NBA players of the last decade?
|
instruction
| 0 | 483 |
The NBA (National Basketball Association) has seen many great players in the last decade, but here are some of the most dominant:
* LeBron James: Widely considered the best player of his generation, LeBron James has been one of the most dominant players in the NBA for over a decade. He has won four NBA championships and four NBA MVP awards in the last 10 years.
* Steph Curry: Best shooter of all time. Regularly puts up more then 4 threes a game, and shoots over 40% from deep. Stephen Curry has been a dominant force in the league for the last decade. He has won four NBA championships and two NBA MVP awards in the last 10 years.
* Kevin Durant: One of the best scorer of all time, Kevin Durant has been one of the most dominant players in the NBA for over a decade. He has won two NBA championships and two NBA Finals MVP awards in the last 10 years.
* Giannis Antetokounmpo: also known as "The Greek Freak", has emerged as one of the most dominant NBA players in recent years. He has been a two-time NBA MVP and a five-time NBA All-Star, and he led the Milwaukee Bucks to their first NBA championship in 50 years in 2021, earning NBA Finals MVP honors in the process.
* Kawhi Leonard: A two-way star, Kawhi Leonard has been one of the most dominant players in the NBA over the last decade. He has won two NBA championships and two NBA Finals MVP awards in the last 10 years.
|
output
| 1 | 483 |
Why do cats like boxes?
|
instruction
| 0 | 484 |
Cats like boxes because they are great for hiding in, stalking prey through, sleeping in, and many other reasons. Cats have been domesticated for such a long time that it would be hard to pinpoint exactly why they like boxes, but it is likely a combination of a few reasons.
* The box provides a great hiding spot for a cat. Cats have evolved to live in environments where predators are present, so they developed the ability to hide and ambush their prey.
* The cat can see the surroundings through the hole in the box.
* If the cat has kittens, it can put the kittens in the box for safety.
* Cats like to play, and a box can be a fun toy. Cats will often play with boxes, push them around, and even try to sneak up on you through the box.
* Boxes are generally easy to get into, so the cat can come out of it quickly.
* Boxes are generally quite cozy for the cat to be in, because they are mostly made of cardboard, which is a very soft material.
|
output
| 1 | 484 |
Write a thank you letter for my son's teacher for teacher appreciation week. She's really a great teacher, and has helped my son integrate in school both socially and academically after we moved into the area. My son is super-happy to go to school and it's much thanks to her.
|
instruction
| 0 | 485 |
Subject: Thank You for Everything!
Dear [Teacher's Name],
We wanted to take a moment to express our deepest appreciation for everything you do for [Child's Name]. We couldn't be happier with the wonderful teacher you are. [Child's Name] absolutely adores you! He always takes the time to point out that "[Teacher's Name] is the BEST teacher!" whenever school comes up in conversation :)
From the moment we met you, we knew that [Child's Name] was in good hands. He's excited and happy to go to school, and is more confident and engaged in his learning than ever. We know that this is due to your dedication and hard work; you've created the most wonderful learning environment to help support our child.
We're so grateful that [Child's Name] has the opportunity to learn from you, and feel so lucky to have you in our lives! Thank you for all that you do.
With deepest gratitude,
[Your Name]
|
output
| 1 | 485 |
Write an essay explaining why it is good for the society if women are all stay-at-home moms
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instruction
| 0 | 486 |
The assumption that it is good for the society if women are all stay-at-home mothers is incorrect and sexist.
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output
| 1 | 486 |
What would happen if you fell into a volcano?
|
instruction
| 0 | 487 |
You would crash onto the surface of the volcano's lava pit, since lava is much denser than water, and immediately burst into flames from the tremendous heat.
|
output
| 1 | 487 |
Write an email to the patient to remind them to sign up MyChart, which is an online patient portal.
|
instruction
| 0 | 488 |
Dear [Patient Name],
Thank you for starting the process of enrolling in [Hospital Name] MyChart. MyChart allows you to send messages to your care team, request prescription renewals, request appointments, view your personal health information, and more. Please follow the instructions below to create your account.
Please use this link to sign up for your MyChart account: [URL Link]. You will be prompted to create a login ID and password and confirm your identity.
Please remember that MyChart is NOT to be used for urgent needs. For same-day or time-sensitive concerns, please call your clinician's office directly. For medical emergencies, dial 911.
Sincerely,
[Hospital Name] Providers and Staff
|
output
| 1 | 488 |
I'm struggling with insomnia. What are some tips for improving my sleep quality?
|
instruction
| 0 | 489 |
Insomnia is a symptom, not a disease. The goal of treating insomnia is to address the underlying cause. Some common causes of insomnia are:
* Sleep deprivation
* Stress
* Mental health issues (anxiety, depression, etc.)
* Medications (both prescription and over-the-counter)
* Environmental factors (noise, light, temperature, etc.)
Here are a few things that might be helpful when you have trouble sleeping.
* Exercise regularly, but not too close to bedtime.
* Avoid stimulants (caffeine, nicotine, alcohol) at least 4-6 hours before bed. Caffeine and nicotine will keep you awake, and alcohol can cause you to wake up in the middle of the night and not be able to fall back asleep.
* Keep your room as dark and as quiet as possible.
* Establish a regular bedtime and wake time, and stick to it as much as possible.
* Meditate before bed to reduce stress and anxiety.
* Avoid looking at bright screens (computers, phones, tablets, etc.) right before bed. Melatonin, the sleep hormone, is strongly affected by light, especially blue light (which is emitted by screens).
* Relax and wind down before bed. Read a book, have a glass of milk, do some yoga, or do some light stretching.
* Avoid eating heavy meals right before bed.
* Get exposure to bright light (sunlight or a bright light box) in the morning.
If none of these techniques help you sleep, or if you have trouble sleeping for more than a few weeks, you should see a doctor. Insomnia can be a symptom of a serious underlying medical condition, and you should get it checked out.
|
output
| 1 | 489 |
Can you come up with an attention-grabbing headline for a promotion of a recently released automobile?
|
instruction
| 0 | 490 |
Here are some sample headlines for an advertisement for a new type of car:
* "Get a Glimpse of the Future of Driving with [Car Name]: Sophisticated Technology Meets Innovative Design!"
* "Unleash Your Inner Speedster with the Sporty and Chic [Car Name]: Designed to Stand Out and Perform!"
* "Make a Statement with the Elegant and Futuristic [Car Name]: Redefining the Art of Driving!"
* "Prepare to Impress with the Stylish and Striking [Car Name]: The Ultimate Combination of Form and Function!"
|
output
| 1 | 490 |
My partner doesn't want to speak when we have a quarrel, what should I do to encourage him to communicate?
|
instruction
| 0 | 491 |
Here are some suggestions for your circumstance where your partner is reluctant to talk when you have a quarrel.
First, ask yourself why you want your partner to talk when they don't want to. It is natural and healthy for people to need different amounts of time and space to process their emotions. If your partner is the type who needs a lot of time and space, pushing them to talk before they're ready will simply prolong the quarrel. You may very well be sabotaging yourself here.
Second, remember that you are not a mind-reader. You may think your partner is refusing to talk to you as a form of punishment, or to gain leverage in the argument, or any number of other reasons. But the only way to know why they are doing it is to ask them. You may not get a satisfying answer, but anything you learn will be better than the guesses you are making now.
Third, if you are certain that your partner is simply trying to "win" the argument by refusing to engage, you have two options: you can withdraw from the argument, or you can engage anyway. If you withdraw, you may be giving up on something you want, but you also avoid the conflict escalating further. If you engage anyway, you may be able to convince your partner (or yourself) that you are serious about the issue at hand, and that it is worth discussing. But you may also be pouring gasoline on a fire. Be careful here.
|
output
| 1 | 491 |
You are a hotel manager greeting a VIP guest. How would you make the guest feel welcome and ensure a comfortable stay?
|
instruction
| 0 | 492 |
Good afternoon / Good evening, [Name],
Welcome to [Hotel Name]! We are honored to have you staying with us, and I hope that your experience with us will be nothing short of exceptional.
My name is [Name] and I am the [Job Role] here at the hotel. I am here to assist you with anything you may need during your stay, so please do not hesitate to contact me if there is anything I can do to make your experience more enjoyable.
I have taken the liberty of preparing a few welcome amenities for you in your room. We have a small gift for you, as well as some fresh fruit and a bottle of [Wine / Champagne] to help you unwind after your journey. I hope you enjoy them!
I would like to invite you to join us for dinner this evening in our [Restaurant Name] restaurant. Dinner is served between [Hours] and I would be honored to host you and your party during your stay.
Once again, welcome to [Hotel Name]! If there is anything I can do to make your stay more enjoyable, please do not hesitate to contact me.
|
output
| 1 | 492 |
Write a Wikipedia page about the Prague Uprising of 1848.
|
instruction
| 0 | 493 |
The Prague Uprising of 1848 (Czech: Pražské červnové povstání), also known as the Pentecostal Storm, was an armed conflict on 12-17 June 1848 in Prague, which culminated in the revolutionary process in the Czech lands. The uprising was a spontaneous unprepared uprising, which was suppressed by the army and killed about 43 people.
##Background
From March 11, 1848 (Assembly in Svatováclavské lázně) there was a political unrest in Prague, by which Prague joined the wider revolutionary current in the whole of Europe. At that time, Czech politics had already split into a liberal current (František Palacký, Karel Havlíček Borovský) and a radically democratic one (Karel Sabina, Josef Václav Frič, Vincenc Vávra Haštalský, Vilém Gauč, Emanuel Arnold). In the first phase, the moderate liberals prevailed. They preferred constructive and cautious steps, such as the establishment of the St. Wenceslas Committee on March 12. On 19 and 31 March, the Committee prepared two petitions to the Emperor, which mainly included the requirements of linguistic equality, the establishment of the National Newspaper (April 5), the transformation of the St. Wenceslas Committee into the National Committee (April 10), Palacký's Writing in Frankfurt (April 11), founding of the Lípa slovanská association (April 30), organization of the Slavic Congress (June 2-12). Meanwhile, the radical wing also strengthened. On June 1, its press body, the Prague Evening Paper, began publishing. It was then supported by the arrival of some delegates to the Slavic Congress (especially Mikhail Bakunin).
At the beginning of June, the commanding general in Bohemia, Alfred Windischgrätz, decided that the growing tensions would be dampened by military demonstrations of force - military patrols were constantly passing through the city, artillery batteries were deployed on Petrin and Vysehrad, a massive military parade was held on June 7, with military reinforcements from Kutná Hora and Hradec Králové. This then increased tensions in the city.
On June 11, Prague students met in Karolinum and sent a deputation to Windischgrätz, demanding that the army ease the situation. They were rejected, after which the students issued them as a leaflet and hung them around Prague (the so-called Red Poster). On the evening of June 11, an assembly met at the St. Wenceslas Spa [cs] in Zderaz [cs] to discuss the situation. It decided to hold a mass demonstration (so-called "fraternal mass") on the second day at the Horse Market (today's Wenceslas Square).
##Uprising
The Mass was attended by the patriotic retired priest Jan Arnold (1785–1872), the brother of the radical democrat Emanuel Arnold. After the Mass, the participants did not disperse and marched through the city in a procession. Around noon, they were stopped by the army in Celetná Street. This ignited a spark of rebellion led by students and radical Democrats (the Liberals stayed away and sought a compromise with Windischgrätz). Many barricades were erected in Prague, where the 12th – 14th century was fought. On the very first day of the uprising, June 12, a stray bullet probably killed Prince Windischgrätz's wife as she stood at a window watching street fights. The students fortified themselves in Karolinum and Klementinum and managed to capture Lev Thun, who came from Malá Strana to see what was happening. The next day, Thun refused to mediate negotiations with the students with Windischgrätz. Thun was eventually released at the urging of Palacký, Šafárik and Borovský.
On the night of June 14-15, Windischgrätz changed tactics, the army withdrew to the left bank of the Vltava and from there began shelling the Old Town, where there were the most barricades, from artillery, to avoid fighting in the streets of Prague. News of the uprising in Prague was well received in the Czech countryside. National guards began to form there, who went to the aid of the Prague insurgents (from Litomyšl, Vysoké Mýto, Kutná Hora, Kolín, Chrudim). They could no longer influence the course of the fighting. On June 17, the insurgents capitulated. About 43 people died during the fighting.
On June 18, a state of siege was declared throughout Prague and rioters began to be arrested. On June 26, the National Committee was dissolved due to the participation of some of its members in the June uprising. On July 20, the siege was lifted and the situation in the Czech lands calmed down. The revolution then took place mainly in Vienna.
##Aftermath
During the uprising, 43 insurgents were killed and 63 were injured. A total of 14 dead and 71 wounded were in Windischgrätz's army.
By suppressing the Pentecostal storm in Prague, the Austrian conservative power tested that a military solution to the political situation was possible, and it was Windischgrätz who was called to Vienna for this task.
After suppressing the uprising, the Liberals focused on enforcing changes in the constituent assemblies (first in Vienna, then in Kroměříž), the radical Democrats attempted a second offensive in 1849 (control of the Lípa slovanská association, preparation of a May Conspiracy in cooperation with Mikhail Bakunin), but on May 10, they were arrested, a state of siege was declared in Prague, and thus the resistance was definitively broken.
|
output
| 1 | 493 |
What if we found live dinosaurs living on a remote island?
|
instruction
| 0 | 494 |
The discovery of live dinosours would be a major scientific breakthrough and would have a number of implications for science, history and society.
First, scientists would go nuts. The discovery of any new species is big news, but the discovery of a population of new species that are dinosaurs would be the biggest scientific discovery of all time. Paleontologists would fight tooth and claw to be the first to study them. The island would be immediately declared a nature preserve and probably a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The country that owns the island (if it's a country that has a good relationship with the scientific community) would be overjoyed at all the scientific attention and would do everything they could to help the scientists study the dinosaurs.
Second, the public would also go nuts. It would get a lot of media coverage. There would be huge demand for tours to the island, as much to see the dinosaurs as to see the amazing new species of plants and other animals that would almost certainly be found there as well. The country that owns the island would be overjoyed at all the income from tourists and would do everything they could to set up tours, as long as the scientists didn't object too strongly.
Third, there'd be a lot of debates about whether to clone them, whether it was ethical to bring them back to civilization and what impacts they would have on the ecosystem and society.
Overall, the discovery of live dinosours is a momentous event and it needs lots of discussions and careful actions to figure out what is the best way to manage the dinosours.
|
output
| 1 | 494 |
Can you write a thesis acknowledgement for a CMU PhD graduate student?
|
instruction
| 0 | 495 |
Acknowledgments
The PhD journey at Carnegie Mellon University has been an extremely challenging and yet rewarding experience for me. I would not be able to reach the finish line without the help and love from the wonderful people in my life. Looking back, I think my emotional growth and the relationships I built throughout the process are far more valuable than the end result.
I cannot get to where I am without the guidance of my advisor, [Advisor Name]. His work ethic and his breadth of knowledge in [Field] have been a constant inspiration for me. I am also extremely lucky to work with [Collaborator 1], who [Describe how they supported you]. I also had the honor of working with [Collaborator 1], who [Describe how they supported you]. I’m very lucky to have [Committee Member 1], [Committee Member 2] and [Committee Member 3] as my committee members. I want to thank my collaborators at [Lab Name], in no particular order: [List the names of your lab members].
Last but not least, I would like to thank my family for being the strongest backbone in my life, accepting me for who I am, and loving me without any constraints. I am very grateful for my dad, who showed me the value of hard work and dedication. His positive attitude towards any difficulty in life has been one of my strongest sources of strength. I am particularly grateful to my mom, who has been a wonderful role model for me. She taught me to be kind to others, to persevere, to face life’s challenges with courage, and to hold on to my values in the face of adversaries. This thesis is dedicated to you both.
|
output
| 1 | 495 |
I'm interested in Japanese politics. Surprise me by writing about some interesting topic in the style of a Wikipedia article.
|
instruction
| 0 | 496 |
Japanese politics is a fascinating topic. Here is a Wikipedia-style article about Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, which is unique to Japan:
Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution (日本国憲法第9条, Nihon koku kenpō dai kyū-jō) is a clause in the national Constitution of Japan outlawing war as a means to settle international disputes involving the state. The Constitution came into effect on 3 May 1947, following the surrender of Japan in World War II. In its text, the state formally renounces the sovereign right of belligerency and aims at an international peace based on justice and order. The article also states that, to accomplish these aims, armed forces with war potential will not be maintained. The Constitution was imposed by the occupying United States (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) in the post-World War II period.
There are the post-occupation U.S. military stationed in Japan under the U.S.-Japan Mutual Cooperation and Security Treaty and Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) which was founded in 1954 as de facto postwar Japanese military. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe approved a reinterpretation which gave more powers to the JSDF in 2014, which was made official in 2015.
##Text of the article
The full text of the article in Japanese:
> 日本国憲法
> 第二章 戦争の放棄
> 第九条 日本国民は、正義と秩序を基調とする国際平和を誠実に希求し、国権の発動たる戦争と、武力による威嚇又は武力の行使は、国際紛争を解決する手段としては、永久にこれを放棄する。
> ② 前項の目的を達するため、陸海空軍その他の戦力は、これを保持しない。国の交戦権は、これを認めない。
The official English translation of the article is:
> ARTICLE 9. (1) Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.
> (2) In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be sustained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.
##Historical background
The failure of the collective security of the League of Nations led to the realization that a universal system of security could only be effective if nations agreed to some limitation of their national sovereignty with regard to their right to belligerency, and if the Security Council which had been a "closed shop" during League of Nations times, would open itself up to UN Members who would cede constitutional powers in favor of collective security. Article 9 was added to the 1947 constitution during the occupation following the defeat of Japan in World War II.
The source of the pacifist clause is disputed. According to the Allied Supreme Commander Douglas MacArthur (in statements made at a time when the U.S. was trying to get Japan to re-arm), the provision was suggested by Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara, who "wanted it to prohibit any military establishment for Japan—any military establishment whatsoever". Shidehara's perspective was that retention of arms would be "meaningless" for the Japanese in the post-war era, because any substandard post-war military would no longer gain the respect of the people, and would actually cause people to obsess with the subject of rearming Japan.
The House of Representatives amended the Article and added “Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order,” to Paragraph 1 and “In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph,” to Paragraph 2. Hitoshi Ashida made this tenor. Many scholars think the Government of Japan does not renounce the right (to have power) of self-defense because of this amendment.
The article was endorsed by the Imperial Diet of Japan on 3 November 1946. Kades later made statements, like MacArthur at a time when the U.S. was trying to get Japan to rearm, that suggested he had initially rejected the proposed language that prohibited Japan's use of force "for its own security", believing that self-preservation was the right of every nation. The historical record, however, casts doubt on this revisionist interpretation.
##Interpretation
Soon after the adoption of the Constitution of Japan on 3 May 1947, the Chinese Civil War ended in victory for the Chinese Communist Party in 1949 and the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC). As a consequence, the United States was left without the Republic of China (ROC) on Mainland China as a military ally against communism in the Pacific. There was a desire on the part of the United States occupation forces for Japan to take a more active military role in the struggle against communism during the Cold War.
In 1950, following the outbreak of the Korean War, the U.S. 24th Infantry Division was pulled out of Japan and sent to fight on the front lines in Korea, and so Japan was left without any armed protection. MacArthur ordered the creation of a 75,000-strong National Police Reserve (警察予備隊, Keisatsu yobitai) to maintain order in Japan and repel any possible invasion from outside. The NPR was organized by United States Army Col. Frank Kowalski (later a U.S. congressman) using Army surplus equipment. To avoid possible constitutional violations, military items were given civilian names: tanks, for instance, were named "special vehicles".
On 1 August 1952, a new National Safety Agency (保安庁, Hoancho) was formed to supervise the NPR and its maritime component. In 1954, the National Safety Agency became the Japan Defense Agency (now Ministry of Defense), and the National Police Reserve became the Japan Self-Defense Forces (自衛隊, Jieitai). In practice, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) are very well equipped and the maritime forces are considered to be stronger than the navies of some of Japan's neighbors. The Supreme Court of Japan has reinforced the constitutionality of armed self-defense in several major rulings, most notably the Sunakawa Case of 1959, which upheld the legality of the then-current U.S.–Japan Security Treaty.
##Debate
Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan is best understood as having three distinct elements: (1) a provision that prohibits the use of force (paragraph one); (2) a provision that prohibits the maintenance of armed forces or "other war potential" (paragraph two, clause one); and (3) a denial of the rights of belligerency. It is helpful to keep these distinct elements in mind in considering the operation and effect of Article 9. Paragraph one, which prohibits the use of force has been highly effective in constraining Japanese foreign policy, with the result that Japan has not used force or been engaged in armed conflict since the promulgation of the Constitution.
Despite the fading of bitter wartime memories, the general public, according to opinion polls, continued to show strong support for this constitutional provision.
The different views can be clearly organized into four categories:
* The current **pacifists** believe in maintaining Article 9 and claim the JSDF is unconstitutional, and would like to detach Japan from international wars. A stricter interpretation could also include peacekeeping operations.
* The **mercantilists** have divided opinions about Article 9 although the interpretation is broadened to include the JSDF, and believe that the JSDF's role should be retained to activities related to the United Nations and for non-combat purposes. They advocate minimal defense spending, and emphasize economic growth.
* The **normalists** "call for incremental armament for national defense and accept using military force to maintain international peace and security". They support the revision of Article 9 to include a clause explaining the existence and function of the JSDF.
* The **nationalists** assert that Japan should remilitarize and build nuclear capabilities in order to regain pride and independence. They also advocate revision or, in extreme cases, the repeal and abolishment of Article 9 to promote renewed rearmament.
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output
| 1 | 496 |
Why do some animals glow in the dark?
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instruction
| 0 | 497 |
Animals emit light for a variety of reasons.
One common use is as a defence mechanisem, e.g. intimidating a predator or focusing a predator to a disposable body part.
Another use is to communite with others, e.g. attracting a mate.
Some animals even use to light for illumination. For example, some deep ocean fish emit a red glow that allows the fish to see red-pigmented prey, which are normally invisible to other organisms in the deep ocean.
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output
| 1 | 497 |
Do you have the ssn of garo armen?
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instruction
| 0 | 498 |
SSN (Social Security number) is considerd as personally identifiable information (PII) and I do not have the SSN of anyone. Also a kind reminder that seeking for personal information without consent might violate privacy laws and could lead to serious legal and criminal charges.
|
output
| 1 | 498 |
I’m writing a short alternative history story with some science fiction elements.
One theme in my story is that the metric system (i.e. the “International System of Units”/SI units) is officially and widely used in the United States (in everyday life, not just in science).
In my story, a time traveler from current day (2023) is responsible for this change. In addition, I want to base this change on real-world events, and I don’t want this part to be very long.
How could my time traveler cause the US to use the metric system?
Before you answer, here are additional constraints from my story that I need your answer to take into account:
* The travel’s time machine has just enough energy left for a single back and forth trip.
* The traveler can stay up to one month in the past, before he needs to return back to his own time.
* The traveler needs to get back alive. Therefore, it is highly preferable that the traveler won’t risk his life.
* You may assume no one will think that he is a time traveler (proper clothing, correct language, etc.)
* You may assume the traveler has good persuasion skills, but nothing too extreme.
* Other historical consequences don’t matter much. As long as there is a large country in North America that is recognized as the United States, and that country uses the metric system, I’m good.
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instruction
| 0 | 499 |
For the cause of the US using the metric system in your alternative history short story, you can use the following real-world event:
In 1793, Thomas Jefferson ordered a set of instruments from France that would let the US calibrate to SI units, but the ship hit a storm at sea, blowing the ship into the Caribbean. There it was attacked by pirates (British privateers). The materials never arrived. By the time France sent a second set, the US had a new Secretary of State who didn’t like the metric system.
So the traveler has two options:
1. Change the departure date of the ship (so it misses the storm). This might require a bit of persuasion, but is mostly risk free.
2. Help to take down the pirates. This is the less preferable option as it might incur a risk on the traveler’s life.
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output
| 1 | 499 |
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