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Is 95 degrees Fahrenheit considered to be hot weather?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is 95 degrees Fahrenheit considered to be hot weather? ### Response:		Yes, 95 degrees would typically be considered to be hot
Why do kids have to take tests in school?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why do kids have to take tests in school? ### Response:		Children and adolescents take tests in school because it is a good way to measure their current knowledge. These students study certain topics and testing is a way to measure how much knowledge is retained. Tests are also ways to motivate students to try harder because tests are typically graded with a letter grade. A is associated with a perfect score, F is considered failing, and a C is considered average. These grades can act as motivators for students and create a friendly competition in schools and other external study programs to see who can do the best.
what language is spoken in Brazil?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what language is spoken in Brazil? ### Response:		Portuguese is the official and national language of Brazil[5] being widely spoken by most of the population. Brazil is the most populous Portuguese-speaking country in the world, with its lands comprising the majority of Portugal’s former colonial holdings in the Americas.
Where do eggs come from?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where do eggs come from? ### Response:		Eggs come from female chicken in their reproductive track. Humans eat these eggs as a source of protein in meals. Eggs are normally eaten the most at breakfast time but they are also used in many desserts like cakes and cookies. Chickens can lay eggs every 26 - 24 hours. This process can also be speed up by giving female chicken more calcium, more room to roam, reduced stress environment, and free flowing water.
Who is Anatoly Kubatsky?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is Anatoly Kubatsky? ### Input: Anatoly Lvovich Kubatsky (Russian: Анато́лий Льво́вич Куба́цкий) (1 November 1908 – 29 December 2001) was a Soviet stage and film actor. ### Response:	Anatoly Lvovich Kubatsky (Russian: Анато́лий Льво́вич Куба́цкий) (1 November 1908 – 29 December 2001) was a Soviet stage and film actor.	Kubatsky was born in Moscow to parents of Polish ancestry.[1] After studying under Yuri Zavadsky, he found acting work in various theaters throughout Moscow. From 1931 to 1942 he was an actor for Union Radio; from 1942 to 1957 he worked at the Mayakovsky Theatre; from 1957 to 1959 he worked at the Film Actors' Theater; from 1959 to 1973 he worked at the Gorky Theater.
How long should a child's carseat remain rear facing?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long should a child's carseat remain rear facing? ### Response:		Extended rear facing until the child reaches the maximum height or weight limits of the carseat is the safest option. When a child is sitting forward facing in a frontal collision a large amount of force is exerted onto the head, neck and shoulders leading to serious injury like paralysis or death. If the child is sitting rear facing during a collision, the force is spread over a greater area of the body with less pressure on the neck, head, and inner organs. Children should sit rear facing as long as possible, in case of collision it reduces the risk of serious injury or death by more than 90%. You should consult your car seat's manual to determine the maximum height and weight restrictions.
Tell me whether these are alcoholic or non alcoholic drinks: sprite, mojito, beer, orange juice, water, manhattan, cranberry juice, milk	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Tell me whether these are alcoholic or non alcoholic drinks: sprite, mojito, beer, orange juice, water, manhattan, cranberry juice, milk ### Response:		Sprite is a non alcoholic soft drink. Mojitos are alcoholic cocktails that typically contain rum, lime juice, simple syrup, and fresh mint. Beer is an alcoholic beverage, Orange juice is a non alcoholic drink. Water is a non alcoholic beverage. A manhattan is a an alcoholic cocktail that typically contains whiskey, vermouth, bitters and a brandied cherry for garnish. Cranberry juice is a non alcoholic drink. Milk is a non alcoholic drink.
Who is Elizabeth Warren?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is Elizabeth Warren? ### Input: Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and former law professor who is the senior United States senator from Massachusetts, serving since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party and regarded as a progressive,[2] Warren has focused on consumer protection, equitable economic opportunity, and the social safety net while in the Senate. Warren was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, ultimately finishing third. ### Response:	Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and former law professor who is the senior United States senator from Massachusetts, serving since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party and regarded as a progressive,[2] Warren has focused on consumer protection, equitable economic opportunity, and the social safety net while in the Senate. Warren was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, ultimately finishing third.	Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and former law professor who is the senior United States senator from Massachusetts, serving since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party and regarded as a progressive,[2] Warren has focused on consumer protection, equitable economic opportunity, and the social safety net while in the Senate. Warren was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, ultimately finishing third. Born and raised in Oklahoma, Warren is a graduate of the University of Houston and Rutgers Law School and has taught law at several universities, including the University of Houston, the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard University. She was one of the most influential professors in commercial and bankruptcy law before beginning her political career. Warren has written 12 books and more than 100 articles.[3][4][5] Warren's first foray into public policy began in 1995, when she worked to oppose what eventually became a 2005 act restricting bankruptcy access for individuals.[6][7] During the late 2000s, her national profile grew after her forceful public stances in favor of more stringent banking regulations after the financial crisis of 2007–08. She served as chair of the Congressional Oversight Panel of the Troubled Asset Relief Program, and proposed and established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, for which she served as the first special advisor under President Barack Obama.[8] In 2012, Warren defeated incumbent Republican Scott Brown and became the first female U.S. senator from Massachusetts.[9] She won re-election by a wide margin in 2018, defeating Republican nominee Geoff Diehl.[10] On February 9, 2019, Warren announced her candidacy in the 2020 United States presidential election.[11] She was briefly considered the front-runner for the Democratic nomination in late 2019, but support for her campaign dwindled. She withdrew from the race on March 5, 2020, after Super Tuesday.[12]
Give me a list of the stations on the Island Line of Hong Kong's MTR network	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a list of the stations on the Island Line of Hong Kong's MTR network ### Response:		- Kennedy Town - HKU - Sai Ying Pun - Sheung Wan - Central - Admiralty - Wan Chai - Causeway Bay - Tin Hau - Fortress Hill - North Point - Quarry Bay - Tai Koo - Sai Wan Ho - Shau Kei Wan - Heng Fa Chuen - Chai Wan
Give me a list of pizza restaurants in San Francisco	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a list of pizza restaurants in San Francisco ### Response:		There are a lot of different types of pizza restaurants in San Francisco. For more casual pizza restaurants, try any Round Table, Dominos, Pizza Hut, or for a more local experience, Golden Boy Pizza. If you're interested in sit down dining pizza options, try Del Popolo, Tony's Slice House, or Il Casaro in North Beach.
What is the Carolina Hall	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Carolina Hall ### Input: Carolina Hall, formerly known as Saunders Hall, is a building on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in the United States. Carolina Hall was built in 1922 and named for William L. Saunders, an alumnus and a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The name was changed to "Carolina Hall" in 2015. ### Response:	Carolina Hall, formerly known as Saunders Hall, is a building on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in the United States. Carolina Hall was built in 1922 and named for William L. Saunders, an alumnus and a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The name was changed to "Carolina Hall" in 2015.	The Carolina Hall, formerly known as Saunders Hall, is a building on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in the United States. Carolina Hall was built in 1922 and named for William L. Saunders, an alumnus and a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The name was changed to "Carolina Hall" in 2015.
What is the difference between a rose and a sunflower?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between a rose and a sunflower? ### Response:		Both a rose and a sunflower are types of flowers but a rose may have thorns and it’s petals are typically red, pink or white. A sunflower is a tall plant that is often yellow, does not have thorns, and has a large number of seeds that are edible for humans.
Give me a bulleted list of the last ten U.S. Open Golf Champions	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the last ten U.S. Open Golf Champions ### Response:		Here is a bulleted list of the past ten U.S. Open Golf Champions Winners: - Matt Fitzpatrick - Jon Rahm - Bryson DeChambeau - Gary Woodland - Brooks Koepka - Brooks Koepka - Dustin Johnson - Jordan Spieth - Martin Kaymer - Justin Rose - Webb Simpson - Rory McIlroy
What is a headlamp?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a headlamp? ### Response:		A headlamp is a light that attaches to a person’s head, usually with a headband and shines light ahead of the person wearing it. Headlamps are usually powered by batteries.
What is ECharts Java?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is ECharts Java? ### Input: ECharts Java is a lightweight but comprehensive library for Java developers to easily use JavaScript visualization library Apache ECharts. The simple chart mode facilitates users to write visualization fast and easily, empowered by the clean APIs provided by ECharts Java. The advanced mode helps create an Option object and its Json representation in chainable Java codes, which includes almost all the features defined in Apache ECharts. Now ECharts Java supports Apache ECharts version 5.x. Features - Simple, clean and organized APIs, supporting method chaining - Full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities - Easily integrate with Web Frameworks - Flexible export format, including HTML and images - Complete and detailed documentation and examples ### Response:	ECharts Java is a lightweight but comprehensive library for Java developers to easily use JavaScript visualization library Apache ECharts. The simple chart mode facilitates users to write visualization fast and easily, empowered by the clean APIs provided by ECharts Java. The advanced mode helps create an Option object and its Json representation in chainable Java codes, which includes almost all the features defined in Apache ECharts. Now ECharts Java supports Apache ECharts version 5.x. Features - Simple, clean and organized APIs, supporting method chaining - Full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities - Easily integrate with Web Frameworks - Flexible export format, including HTML and images - Complete and detailed documentation and examples	ECharts Java is a lightweight, comprehensive library for Java developers to easily integrate JavaScript visualization library Apache ECharts into their web frameworks. The simple and clean APIs facilitate users to develop visualization components fast and easily. For complex and advanced usage, it allows developers to create an Option object and its Json representation. It is compatible with Apache ECharts version 5.x and provides almost full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities. Here are some highlights of ECharts Java: - Simple, clean, organized APIs with method chaining - Full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities - Easily integrate with Web Frameworks - Flexible export format, including HTML and images - Complete and detailed documentation and examples
Give me a bulleted list of the seven most recent Chancellors of Federal Republic of Germany	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the seven most recent Chancellors of Federal Republic of Germany ### Response:		1. Olaf Scholz (Current) 2. Angela Merkel 3. Gerhard Schroeder 4. Helmut Kohl 5. Helmut Schmidt 6. Willy Brandt 7. Kurt Georg Kiesinger
Who opens episodes of The FBI Files with an introductory narration?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who opens episodes of The FBI Files with an introductory narration? ### Response:		James Kallstrom, former head of the FBI New York office.
When was the internet created?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the internet created? ### Response:		The birthday of the internet is January 1, 1983. This is an important day because it gave computers and computer networks for the first time in history a way to communicate with each other. Prior to this networks were on closed loops. On this this day a new internet protocol was also created called TCP/IP. This stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
Give me a list of 5 key challenges faced by users moving from a Windows laptop to a Macbook	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a list of 5 key challenges faced by users moving from a Windows laptop to a Macbook ### Response:		1. Incompatibility between MS office documents and MacOS native applications like pages and numbers 2. Inability to copy content on and off of the laptop easily 3. Learning the differences between the windows keyboard and the macbook keyboard commands to do simple tasks - like right click or taking a screenshot 4. The change in process to deploy software. 5. Navigating the difference between the layout and structure of WIndows explorer vs Macbook finder
How many countries do the Netherlands share a land border with?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many countries do the Netherlands share a land border with? ### Response:		The Netherlands shares a land border with four countries: Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands Antilles.
What is Freezing Rain?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Freezing Rain? ### Response:		Freezing rain occurs when snowflakes descend into a warmer layer of air and melt completely. When these liquid water drops fall through another thin layer of freezing air just above the surface, they don't have enough time to refreeze before reaching the ground. Because they are “supercooled,” they instantly refreeze upon contact with anything that that is at or below freezing (32 degrees F), creating a glaze of ice on the ground, trees, power lines, or other objects. Even light accumulations can cause dangerous travel, while heavier amounts can cause significant damage to trees and power lines. A significant accumulation of freezing rain lasting several hours or more is called an ice storm.
When I ski, at the end of the turn, I'm not able to get good grip at the end of the turn and the tail washout, why does this happen?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When I ski, at the end of the turn, I'm not able to get good grip at the end of the turn and the tail washout, why does this happen? ### Response:		There are several factors that can contribute to ski not having grip at the end of the turn and the tails washout. First thing is to make sure your ski edges are sharp, if they are not sharp, you can visit your local ski shop and have the ski shop tune your ski edges. Once you've made sure your ski edges are sharp, then this might be caused by either incorrect fore-aft balance and/or lateral balance. If you are too forward at the end of the turn, meaning you feel more pressure on the ball of your foot, then that will cause the tail of the skis to not be able to bite into the snow and cause it to skid out. At the end of the turn, you want to bring your feet forward and aim to have at least half of the pressure just in front of the heel of the foot, this will allow the edge along the tail of the ski to bite into the snow. If you have too much pressure on the uphill foot, for example, you are leaning up the hill or transferred your weight too early onto the new downhill foot, that can also cause your current downhill foot to not get enough grip and washout. Try have majority of your weight on your downhill foot until the turn is finished before transferring majority of the weight to the new downhill foot. It will also be helpful to find a good ski instructor at your local resort or online to look at your skiing and provide feedback.
Given this paragraph about a Tree well, why is it so dangerous for hikers, snowboarder, skiers and any snow practitioners	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given this paragraph about a Tree well, why is it so dangerous for hikers, snowboarder, skiers and any snow practitioners ### Input: A tree well, also known as a spruce trap, is the space around a tree under its branches that does not get the same amount of snow as the surrounding open space. This creates a void or area of loose snow below the branches and around the trunk that is dangerous to any hikers, snowshoers, skiers, snowboarders, and snowmobilers who fall into them. If someone lands in such a well, often as a result of a fall, it can be too deep for them to climb up the surrounding loose snow before they are buried. Making the situation more dangerous, they often fall into the well head-first and as the result of an accident which could leave them injured or unconscious ### Response:	A tree well, also known as a spruce trap, is the space around a tree under its branches that does not get the same amount of snow as the surrounding open space. This creates a void or area of loose snow below the branches and around the trunk that is dangerous to any hikers, snowshoers, skiers, snowboarders, and snowmobilers who fall into them. If someone lands in such a well, often as a result of a fall, it can be too deep for them to climb up the surrounding loose snow before they are buried. Making the situation more dangerous, they often fall into the well head-first and as the result of an accident which could leave them injured or unconscious	It is dangerous because it creates an area of loose snow below the branches and around the trunk, and when someone will fall into this area it can be too deep for this person to climb up before they are buried. Another dangerous aspect is the fact that they could fall head-first which could leave them injured or unconscious.
What's the difference between a wolf and a dog?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What's the difference between a wolf and a dog? ### Response:		A dog is a domesticated pet, while a wolf is a wild animal. They both are part of the same species, and share a lot of physical similarities, but at the same time display very different behaviour.
How many strings are on a guitar?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many strings are on a guitar? ### Response:		Standard guitars contain 6 strings: (high) E, B, G, D, A, and (low) E are the notes associated with the 6 strings.
How do I get rid of mosquitos in my house?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How do I get rid of mosquitos in my house? ### Response:		You can get rid of mosquitos in your house by keeping doors closed first and foremost. If mosquitos are already inside your house you can get a mosquito zapper from a local hardware store and put it in the part of your house that has the most mosquitos. Some areas to consider for mosquitos would be the parts of the house where people spend the most time like the kitchen of where they sleep. Using the bug zapper during the day is not recommended because mosquitos will find it hard to see the light. Using it during the night makes the most sense because they will be more attracted to the light.
Classify these as things you would want to wear for a rainy day or a very hot day: umbrella, ball cap, rain jacket, t-shirt, sunglasses, rain boots, flip-flops	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Classify these as things you would want to wear for a rainy day or a very hot day: umbrella, ball cap, rain jacket, t-shirt, sunglasses, rain boots, flip-flops ### Response:		umbrella: rain, ball cap: hot day, rain jacket: rainy day, t-shirt: hot day, sunglasses: hot day, rain boots: rainy day, flip-flops: hot day
When did Confinity become eBay ?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did Confinity become eBay ? ### Input: Originally, PayPal was a money-transfer service offered by a company called Confinity which was acquired by X.com in 1999. Later, X.com was renamed PayPal and purchased by eBay in 2002. The original PayPal employees had difficulty adjusting to eBay's more traditional corporate culture and within four years all but 12 of the first 50 employees had left. They remained connected as social and business acquaintances, and a number of them worked together to form new companies and venture firms in subsequent years. This group of PayPal alumni became so prolific that the term PayPal Mafia was coined. The term gained even wider exposure when a 2007 article in Fortune magazine used the phrase in its headline and featured a photo of former PayPal employees in gangster attire. ### Response:	Originally, PayPal was a money-transfer service offered by a company called Confinity which was acquired by X.com in 1999. Later, X.com was renamed PayPal and purchased by eBay in 2002. The original PayPal employees had difficulty adjusting to eBay's more traditional corporate culture and within four years all but 12 of the first 50 employees had left. They remained connected as social and business acquaintances, and a number of them worked together to form new companies and venture firms in subsequent years. This group of PayPal alumni became so prolific that the term PayPal Mafia was coined. The term gained even wider exposure when a 2007 article in Fortune magazine used the phrase in its headline and featured a photo of former PayPal employees in gangster attire.	Confinity was acquired by X.com in 1999 which was later renamed to PayPal. PayPal was acquired by eBay in 2002.
What is Google Sheets and how does it compatible with Microsoft Excel?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Google Sheets and how does it compatible with Microsoft Excel? ### Input: Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. Google Sheets is available as a web application, mobile app for: Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, BlackBerry OS and as a desktop application on Google's ChromeOS. The app is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats. The app allows users to create and edit files online while collaborating with other users in real-time. Edits are tracked by a user with a revision history presenting changes. An editor's position is highlighted with an editor-specific color and cursor and a permissions system regulates what users can do. Updates have introduced features using machine learning, including "Explore", offering answers based on natural language questions in a spreadsheet. This is one of the services provided by Google that also includes Google Docs, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and Google Keep. ### Response:	Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. Google Sheets is available as a web application, mobile app for: Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, BlackBerry OS and as a desktop application on Google's ChromeOS. The app is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats. The app allows users to create and edit files online while collaborating with other users in real-time. Edits are tracked by a user with a revision history presenting changes. An editor's position is highlighted with an editor-specific color and cursor and a permissions system regulates what users can do. Updates have introduced features using machine learning, including "Explore", offering answers based on natural language questions in a spreadsheet. This is one of the services provided by Google that also includes Google Docs, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and Google Keep.	Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google and is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats (e.g., .XLS, .XLSX, .CSV, etc., . . .).
Explain how "work from home" has an opportunity cost. Provide anecdotes to support your points.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Explain how "work from home" has an opportunity cost. Provide anecdotes to support your points. ### Response:		These days, it is “cool” to be a techie. Jobs come with perks, including nap rooms and free gourmet lunches. Celebrity entrepreneurs, like Mark Cuban, talk about how they are learning to write code. Back in the late 1990s when I started getting paid to write code, this was not the case. I often found myself in windowless rooms, basements or chilly server rooms wrangling data or writing code. However, from early on in my career, my managers ensured that I was exposed to the real action: where the business value-add activities took place. I walked factory floors at Prestolite in Ann Arbor to see how the ERP system for which I was contributing programming code played a part in the convergence of IT with humans working with machines and parts to produce finished products. When I worked for Richard Helppie’s Superior Consultant Holdings Corporation, while between programming assignments, I shadowed an industrial engineer who was helping to redesign an Emergency Department’s (ED) physical layout; we watched the flow of doctors, patients and nurses. We asked questions like: “why are the doctors not using the stations intended for note-taking and instead are walking down two hallways to take their notes in empty offices?”; it turned out that the note-taking station in the heart of the ED was a place where doctors were exposed to all sorts of noise and other distractions. Being a good programmer had a lot to do with understanding software architecture, APIs, etc… But being a better programmer meant understanding the world in which the software was actually put into practice. Ford Motor Company’s F-150 has been America’s best selling truck for 46 consecutive years. Looking at the finished product with your eyes barely conveys the awesome complexity of the supply chain involved in bringing it to life. To get a better sense of the convergence of the F-150’s supply chain into its finished product, you can take a stroll on the catwalk that hovers above the assembly line as part of the Ford Rouge Factory Tour. The public can tour the plant and walk above a large portion of the assembly process. You can see Kanban in action as workers pull components from bins and perform their specialized task in a step of the ever-rolling line, while overhead displays help orchestrate replenishment. You can get a sense of the optimized flows of humans, robots and parts. And, maybe, if you look closely, you’ll spot opportunities for improvements in the process, in the safety measures, or in areas where automation has not yet taken hold. Consider whether or not you would see such opportunities by looking at charts and graphs… Alan Mulally was figuratively and literally a gymnast (at least during his time at the University of Kansas). After taking over the reins as CEO of Ford in 2006, he famously transformed a culture with deep-rooted divisional fiefdoms that hindered communication, reporting, efficiency and agility into a new era of quality, efficiency and innovation. A disciplined engineer by training, he did not solely rely on charts, facts and figures to drive organizational change. He used his eyes and made sure that the leaders saw the firm’s operations in a certain, methodical way. For instance, he built trust through transparency by using simple visual tools (like color-coding for status). Once Mulally brought divisional leaders together to a conference room to look at a pile of hood prop rods for the various cars and trucks that Ford manufactures. The prop rods all looked different. They were from different suppliers, made of different materials, had a variety of costs, and had different internal staff dedicated to their role in the supply chain and assembly. He did not send a spreadsheet in an email to make his point. He had the leadership team look at the rods on the table and aimed for them to understand that “this kind of variation is costly but doesn’t matter to consumers.” Mulally performed organizational and operational gymnastics, starting with a junk-rated company, and ending up being called “The Savior of Ford”. Mulally understood the power of seeing and of showing. In the 1970s, Japan rocked the automotive world by mass producing high-quality, fuel-efficient vehicles at highly competitive prices. The Toyota way eventually swept across the industry, and a new jargon (and mindset) made its way to Detroit, with terms like Kaizen, Kanban, and Genchi Genbutsu. The Gemba Walk made its way into automotive manufacturing and other industries, such as Overhead Door and at the COVID-19 vaccination center at Mount Morningside Hospital in New York City. “The literal translation for Gemba (現場) is ‘the real place’ and in business it refers to the real place where value is created, such as the factory floor.” These tools are not a magic bullet; a Harvard Business Review study found that MBWA (“management by walking around”) decreased performance, on average, in a hospital setting. I used aspects of the Gemba Walk to help design a software system for lab technicians at a major national laboratory. When the CDC needed help to track the variants of the SARS-Cov-2 (“Coronavirus”) across the USA, I helped build a system that enabled lab technicians to efficiently select and route the appropriate samples for the genetic sequencing process, a step that comes after the COVID PCR test. I went to the lab, watched the technicians, observed the physical flow of humans and materials in the lab and talked with the people involved in the process. I was able to see (and measure) aspects of the process that I was tasked with automating. I made observations that I never could have made through video calls or emails. Software practitioners (developers, designers, architects, UX engineers and product owners) are continuously building and refining systems for robotics, assembly lines, labs, logistics, warehouses, shipyards, and other industries. “Agile” software development is a common methodology (and has some roots that are tied to Toyota-inspired manufacturing practices). Agile facilitates frequent, structured communication, but the product owner often serves as a proxy for the actual business stakeholders. He or she may communicate with slides, diagrams and customer “user stories”. However, as the value chain is communicated through the various parties (product owner, architect, etc.), the real-world value chain (what does the assembly line actually look like when it is in full swing) can become distilled and distorted. Executives and senior managers are keenly monitoring the Work from Home (WFH) phenomenon. The U.S. Census Bureau is tracking WFH trends. Academics are analyzing WFH. Celebrity executives are flip-flopping on WFH. Productivity is questioned. But, are we asking the right question? Can you WFH and walk? It is clear that IT and non-IT professionals prefer WFH… So companies are in a bind: force in-office work or find some middle ground. A.P. Moller – Maersk, “an integrated transport and logistics company”, lists job vacancies on their website. When looking at their IT jobs, you will struggle to see a mention of “Remote” or “Work from Home.” And you will also see vacancies, such as this Lead Software Engineer that have been open since May of 2022. A startup named “Gemba” is hoping to solve this vexing problem using Virtual Reality (VR). A Global Newswire article from January, 2023 describes Gemba’s origin story: “Gemba grew out of executive training company The Leadership Network, founded in 2013 by CEO Nathan Robinson and Chairman Victor Lewis. Through its collaboration with global giants like Toyota, Tesla, Google, BMW and Amazon, senior executives from non-competing companies have been able to visit their state-of-the-art factories and facilities to see best practice in action as part of an executive Gemba masterclass.” We’ll see if technology will allow techies like myself to continue to work in our pajamas while getting the benefits of a Gemba Walk. In the meantime, executives and senior managers may want to consider scheduling on-site Gemba walks. Just don’t forget to supply a gourmet lunch, a foot massage, and some nice swag.
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Timbal, Lotar	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Timbal, Lotar ### Response:		Lotar is string, Timbal is percussion.
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pelycosaurus, Hippopotamus	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pelycosaurus, Hippopotamus ### Response:		Hippopotamus is alive, Pelycosaurus is extinct.
Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Eritrea or Poland. Warsaw, Łódź, Assab, Keren, Kraków, Asmara	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Eritrea or Poland. Warsaw, Łódź, Assab, Keren, Kraków, Asmara ### Response:		Eritrea - Asmara, Keren, Assab Poland - Warsaw, Kraków, Łódź
How should I clean a stainless steel pan?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How should I clean a stainless steel pan? ### Response:		The simplest way is to add soapy water to the pan and bring it to a boil. Scraping off the food bits with a wooden spatula becomes easy then. For tougher stains you should use a combination of baking soda and vinegar. Let the mixture sit in the pan for a while, rinse it out, and then follow the soapy water procedure.
Are these things you would find in a jungle? Categorize them as Yes, Maybe and No Way: Rivers Fence Trees Iphones Subway Animals Mosquitos Wildfires Mountains Electric scooters Flora Crocodiles Trump Tower Fauna	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Are these things you would find in a jungle? Categorize them as Yes, Maybe and No Way: Rivers Fence Trees Iphones Subway Animals Mosquitos Wildfires Mountains Electric scooters Flora Crocodiles Trump Tower Fauna ### Response:		Yes: Trees Animals Mosquitos Flora Fauna Maybe: Wildfires Mountains Rivers Fence Crocodiles No Way: Iphones Subway Electric scooters Trump Tower
write a short poem about gratitude to my sister friends who lead Obon dancing with me every year	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: write a short poem about gratitude to my sister friends who lead Obon dancing with me every year ### Response:		A small group of women gather with me in the small country church in California to keep Japanese Obon (folk dancing) tradition alive in the community. The festival is open to the public and includes brightly colored kimonos, lanterns and japanese food. We carry the tradition for the next generation - children are dressed in traditional dress. These 8 - 10 sister-women keep the tradition of honoring our ancestors, keeping the family tradition and provide dance leadership to hundreds of people every year at the annual Obon festival. They sacrifice their time to teach and lead these dances every year. They are my sisters
Extract from the text who invented the Optophone.	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Extract from the text who invented the Optophone. ### Input: The optophone is a device, used by the blind, that scans text and generates time-varying chords of tones to identify letters. It is one of the earliest known applications of sonification. Dr. Edmund Fournier d'Albe of Birmingham University invented the optophone in 1913, which used selenium photosensors to detect black print and convert it into an audible output which could be interpreted by a blind person. The Glasgow company, Barr and Stroud, participated in improving the resolution and usability of the instrument. ### Response:	The optophone is a device, used by the blind, that scans text and generates time-varying chords of tones to identify letters. It is one of the earliest known applications of sonification. Dr. Edmund Fournier d'Albe of Birmingham University invented the optophone in 1913, which used selenium photosensors to detect black print and convert it into an audible output which could be interpreted by a blind person. The Glasgow company, Barr and Stroud, participated in improving the resolution and usability of the instrument.	Dr. Edmund Fournier d'Albe
Given this paragraph, what key crops were not available in Europe before the colonization of the New World?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given this paragraph, what key crops were not available in Europe before the colonization of the New World? ### Input: Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the "magic eight" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there.[17][18][19] According to Frank,[20] If we deconstruct that these foods were inherently native, then that means that the Italians didn't have the tomato, the Irish didn't have the potato, half the British National Dish—Fish and Chips—didn't exist. The Russians didn't have the potato, nor did they have vodka from the potato. There were no chiles in any Asian cuisine anywhere in the world, nor were there any chiles in any East Indian cuisine dishes, including curries. And the French had no confection using either vanilla or chocolate. So the Old World was a completely different place. ### Response:	Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the "magic eight" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there.[17][18][19] According to Frank,[20] If we deconstruct that these foods were inherently native, then that means that the Italians didn't have the tomato, the Irish didn't have the potato, half the British National Dish—Fish and Chips—didn't exist. The Russians didn't have the potato, nor did they have vodka from the potato. There were no chiles in any Asian cuisine anywhere in the world, nor were there any chiles in any East Indian cuisine dishes, including curries. And the French had no confection using either vanilla or chocolate. So the Old World was a completely different place.	Potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla were not available in the Old World prior to the European discovery of the Americas
Classify each of the following as flammable or non-flammable: coal, wood, newspaper, water, glass	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Classify each of the following as flammable or non-flammable: coal, wood, newspaper, water, glass ### Response:		Coal: Flammable Wood: Flammable Newspaper: Flammable Water: Non-flammable Glass: Non-flammable
Tell me whether each of these countries is an island or not: Iceland, New Zealand, Chad, Nepal, Cuba, Madagascar	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Tell me whether each of these countries is an island or not: Iceland, New Zealand, Chad, Nepal, Cuba, Madagascar ### Response:		Iceland: Island New Zealand: Island Chad: Not an Island Nepal: Not an Island Cuba: Island Madagascar: Island